diff --git a/DOCS.md b/DOCS.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3c7732162c8c18eb3bdd1cd1a42b80e762066ea9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/DOCS.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,147 +0,0 @@ -# Documentation - -This contains some *really* quick docs and notes on filtering with SuperWIKI NEXT. - -## wikipedia_soup.py - -...Is the main class that handles the bulk of the filtering. - -Each filter has code documentation to explain what each function generally does. So I'd suggest you to read those instead. - -### Usage for wikipedia_soup.py - -probably the most important bit. - -wikipedia_soup takes in `*.ndjson` files directly from html wikipedia dumps. via the `process-root` command. - -*Note: there are 3 publicly exposed commands via typer, `process-root`, `process-folder`, `process-file`* - -`process-root` is probably what you want to use. It takes in the following folder structure: - -``` -dumps <- Input folder for [process-root] - |-afwiki-NS0-20240420-ENTERPRISE-HTML <- Input folder for [process-folder] - |-afwiki_namespace_0_0.ndjson <- Input file for [process-file] - |-afwiki_namespace_0_1.ndjson - |-afwiki_namespace_0_2.ndjson - ... - |-arwiki-NS0-20240420-ENTERPRISE-HTML - |-arwiki_namespace_0_0.ndjson - |-arwiki_namespace_0_1.ndjson - |-arwiki_namespace_0_2.ndjson - ... - ... And so on... -``` - -Downloading and filtering the files is relatively easy. - -1. Get a list of http urls (Whichever way you prefer) -2. Download said list (wget, curl, aria2c, etc) -3. Extract tar files into their own folder as shown above -4. Run `process-root` command. -5. Patience. -6. ??? -7. Finished! - - - -## wikipedia_template.py - -This file contains templates used in Wikipedia articles. - -If you do need to update a template, follow these steps: - -1. Open the file in your web browser. -2. Paste the following URL, replacing `` with the relevant Wikidata entry ID. - -``` -https://www.wikidata.org/w/api.php?action=wbgetentities&ids=&format=json&props=labels -``` - -As for the related templates: - -- Stubs: `Q4663261` -- Citation needed: `Q7106262` -- Redirect: `Q6042392` - -**Note:** For Sections, there are currently no templates available. These must be added manually. - -## mediawiki_soup.py - -Before the introduction of Hugging Face's Datatrove and for the sake of simpler code development, this module implemented the `MediaWikiSoup` class. - -This class processes HTML content into markdown format and performs additional post-processing steps on the resulting markdown. - -`MediaWikiSoup` leverages a "filter chain" architecture. You can extend its functionalities by adding filter functions using either `add_markdown_filter` (for markdown processing) or `add_soup_filter` (for BeautifulSoup processing). - -## html2markdown.py - -Contains a customized markdownify instance. Since this is mainly carried over from 1.5, details on it are a bit hazy. - -For `` elements, I only use the text contained. That is to say, I don't include the href. - -```html -This is an example -``` - -Will be md'd into: - -```md -This is an example -``` - -For image elements: - -```html -Alt Text -``` - -Will be md'd into: - -```md -Alt Text -``` - -For `
  • ` elements, I'm unsure what was the reason behind it. Now, God/LLM/Model/??? only knows. - -## folders2jsonl.py - -Is a simple script converting chunked ndjson files into 1 singular file for ease of processing. - -# Tools - -Extra tools unrelated to main filtering. But used in some shape or form. - -## tools/wikipedia_eligablewiki.py - -As the title says, it unbiasedly selects groups of wikipedia with high enough content. Refer to `Selection of Wikipedia` for how it was computed. - -the stats .json file can be fetched from the source page here: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data:Wikipedia_statistics/data.tab&action=edit - -Copy the json in the source into a .json file and you should be good to go. - -if you have to filter a list of URLS, it should look like this: - -Using mirror.accum.se as mirror: -```txt -https://mirror.accum.se/mirror/wikimedia.org/other/enterprise_html/runs/20240420/amiwiki-NS0-20240420-ENTERPRISE-HTML.json.tar.gz -https://mirror.accum.se/mirror/wikimedia.org/other/enterprise_html/runs/20240420/amwiki-NS0-20240420-ENTERPRISE-HTML.json.tar.gz -https://mirror.accum.se/mirror/wikimedia.org/other/enterprise_html/runs/20240420/angwiki-NS0-20240420-ENTERPRISE-HTML.json.tar.gz -https://mirror.accum.se/mirror/wikimedia.org/other/enterprise_html/runs/20240420/anwiki-NS0-20240420-ENTERPRISE-HTML.json.tar.gz -``` - -Or with the official dumps: -``` -https://dumps.wikimedia.org/other/enterprise_html/runs/20240420/amiwiki-NS0-20240420-ENTERPRISE-HTML.json.tar.gz -https://dumps.wikimedia.org/other/enterprise_html/runs/20240420/amwiki-NS0-20240420-ENTERPRISE-HTML.json.tar.gz -https://dumps.wikimedia.org/other/enterprise_html/runs/20240420/angwiki-NS0-20240420-ENTERPRISE-HTML.json.tar.gz -https://dumps.wikimedia.org/other/enterprise_html/runs/20240420/anwiki-NS0-20240420-ENTERPRISE-HTML.json.tar.gz -``` - -## tools/wikipedia_pageview.py - -Not used in NEXT, but included. The idea is to accumulate all pageviews and filter each article based on pageviews. While it's a neat idea, I just didn't use it. - -## tools/wikipedia_mediaalias.py - -Pretty sure it's unfinished. I didn't use it in the end. Similar to pageview. Though someone could improvise and use it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/README.md b/README.md deleted file mode 100644 index 47736e1e82d75ed4b35826bbde4918c0404a1cd6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/README.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,299 +0,0 @@ ---- -annotations_creators: -- no-annotation -language_creators: -- crowdsourced -pretty_name: SuperWikiNEXT-32B -paperswithcode_id: null -license: -- cc-by-sa-3.0 -task_categories: -- text-generation -- fill-mask -task_ids: -- language-modeling -- masked-language-modeling -source_datasets: -- original -multilinguality: -- multilingual -language: -- af -- ar -- ast -- az -- be -- bg -- bn -- ca -- ce -- cs -- cy -- da -- de -- el -- en -- eo -- es -- et -- eu -- fa -- fi -- fr -- gl -- he -- hi -- hr -- hu -- hy -- id -- it -- ja -- ka -- kk -- ko -- la -- lt -- lv -- mk -- ms -- my -- nl -- nn -- 'no' -- pl -- pt -- ro -- ru -- sh -- sk -- sl -- sr -- sv -- ta -- tg -- th -- tr -- uk -- ur -- uz -- vi -- zh -size_categories: -- 10B - -- **Source Data:** [https://dumps.wikimedia.org/other/enterprise_html/](https://dumps.wikimedia.org/other/enterprise_html) - -### Dataset Summary - -Wikipedia dataset containing cleaned articles of all languages. -The dataset is manually built from Wikipedia HTML dumps with each split for each language. -Each example contains the content of one full Wikipedia article. - -### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards - -The dataset is generally used for Language Modelling. - -### Languages - -We have selected the following Wikipedia's: - -``` -af.wikipedia.org -ar.wikipedia.org -ast.wikipedia.org -az.wikipedia.org -be.wikipedia.org -bg.wikipedia.org -bn.wikipedia.org -ca.wikipedia.org -ce.wikipedia.org -cs.wikipedia.org -cy.wikipedia.org -da.wikipedia.org -de.wikipedia.org -el.wikipedia.org -en.wikipedia.org -eo.wikipedia.org -es.wikipedia.org -et.wikipedia.org -eu.wikipedia.org -fa.wikipedia.org -fi.wikipedia.org -fr.wikipedia.org -gl.wikipedia.org -he.wikipedia.org -hi.wikipedia.org -hr.wikipedia.org -hu.wikipedia.org -hy.wikipedia.org -id.wikipedia.org -it.wikipedia.org -ja.wikipedia.org -ka.wikipedia.org -kk.wikipedia.org -ko.wikipedia.org -la.wikipedia.org -lt.wikipedia.org -lv.wikipedia.org -min.wikipedia.org -mk.wikipedia.org -ms.wikipedia.org -my.wikipedia.org -nl.wikipedia.org -nn.wikipedia.org -no.wikipedia.org -pl.wikipedia.org -pt.wikipedia.org -ro.wikipedia.org -ru.wikipedia.org -sh.wikipedia.org -simple.wikipedia.org -sk.wikipedia.org -sl.wikipedia.org -sr.wikipedia.org -sv.wikipedia.org -ta.wikipedia.org -tg.wikipedia.org -th.wikipedia.org -tr.wikipedia.org -uk.wikipedia.org -ur.wikipedia.org -uz.wikipedia.org -vi.wikipedia.org -zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org -zh.wikipedia.org -zh-yue.wikipedia.org -``` - -*`.wikipedia.org`* extensions have been added for your convenience. - -### Selection of Wikipedia - -We deem a particular Wikipedia language as high quality if: - -1. Has a total article count of `>100,000`. -2. Has a `Depth > 5.1`. - -*Depth is calculated using the following equation:* - -`depth = (article_edits / total_pages) * ((total_pages - articles) / articles) ** 2` - -This formula is directly taken from [list of Wikipedias.](https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_article_depth) - -### Filtering - -Extensive HTML and markdown filtering has been done to derive the final dataset. - -For HTML: - -1. Parse the article content with BeautifulSoup. -2. We first extract out titles from the Soup. -3. Drop (As in, don't process / skip processing) *Stub articles.* To ensure multilanguage coverage, we use a list of stub names found across multiple languages using wikidata. (We have included the template names within `wikipedia_template.py`) -4. Drop *Lsjbot* bot created articles. -5. Collapse styles with `data-mw` component into its next sibling. -6. Remove raw `href` links. (Text of href == href link) -7. Remove citation needed Templates -8. Remove citation Templates -9. Remove Redirect Templates -10. Drop articles where the article content consists of 50% or more of tables and lists. -11. Remove message boxes. (Orange alert boxes on top of articles) -12. Remove infoboxes boxes. (Infoboxes on the right) -13. Selectively remove tables which consist of just empty spaces. (Number of `` elements > len(text_size) and text_size < 50) -14. Cleanup latex code. -15. Empty `class` attributes and `data-mw` attributes - -For Markdown: - -1. Cleanup punctuations. -2. Collect text length (normalized text to NKFC, keeping CJK characters as is while decomposing Arabic characters, Counting double width characters as 2 instead of 1, ) -3. Filter based on the collected text length (If the article is less than 1000 characters long, it is dropped.) - -The final Markdown text and additional data is included in the jsonl file. Additionally, the scripts used are located in the main directory of this folder as well. - -### Data keys - -Users can run `less` to see the contents. A sample and a list of dictionary keys have been provided below: - -```json -{ - "text": "\n**Tharman Shanmugaratnam** PBM (born 25 February 1957) is a Singaporean politician and economist. He is the President of Singapore since 2023. \n\nHe was Senior Minister of Singapore between 2019 and 2023. He was also the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies between 2015 and 2023, and Chairman of the Monetary Authority of Singapore between 2011 and 2023.\n\nOn 8 June 2023, Tharman announced his plans to run for president in the 2023 presidential election. He was elected on 2 September 2023 in a landslide victory, winning 70.40% of the vote.\n\nEarly life and education\n------------------------\n\nTharman was born in the Colony of Singapore in 1957. He studied at the Anglo-Chinese School. When he was studying there, he was not interested in his studies and was not disciplined. However, he liked to read and tried out poetry. During his time at Anglo-Chinese School, he created four poets with his schoolmates. Also, he was interested in sports and spent most of his time playing sports. He even joined his school's hockey team.\n\nThen, he attended the London School of Economics (LSE), graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in economics.\n\nAfter getting his bachelor's, Tharman went on to study at Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge. There, he completed a Master of Philosophy degree in economics. \n\nTharman then became a student at the Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University, where he finished a Master in Public Administration (MPA) degree. He was a student activist there. He explored left-wing politics, as he did not agree with the ruling People's Action Party back in Singapore.\n\nTharman was a recipient of the Lucius N. Littauer Fellows Award. The award is given to students with MPA's who showed academic excellence and leadership.In 2011, the LSE gave him an Honorary Fellowship.<...TRUNCATED IN SAMPLE>", - "meta": { - "title": "Tharman Shanmugaratnam", - "mostly_tablelist": false, - "tablelist_ratio": [ - 4082, - 8644, - 0.47223507635354 - ], - "infobox": [ - "<...TRUNCATED IN SAMPLE>" - ], - "td_tables": [], - "text_length": 5553 - } -} -``` - -``` -text: str (Markdown text) -meta: dict (Contains additional metadata / meta) - - title: str (Article Title) - - mostly_tablelist: bool (Internal flag for HTML step 10) - - tablelist_ratio: list (Internal data, used to compute mostly_tablelist.) - - infobox: list (A list of extracted infoboxes with data-mw attribute for the raw html data.) - - td_tables: list (Extracted tables from HTML step 13) - - text_length: int (Obtained from markdown step 2) -``` - -### Dataset Curators - -KaraKaraWitch. (I typically hangout in PygmalionAI discord, sometimes EleutherAI. If something is wrong, `@karakarawitch` on discord.) - -I'd be happy if you could spread the word and recommend this dataset over wikitext for your use cases `:)` - -### Licensing Information - -Most of Wikipedia's text and many of its images are co-licensed under the -[Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License) -(CC BY-SA) and the [GNU Free Documentation License](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License) -(GFDL) (un-versioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts). - -Some text has been imported only under CC BY-SA and CC BY-SA-compatible license and cannot be reused under GFDL; such -text will be identified on the page footer, in the page history, or on the discussion page of the article that utilizes -the text. - -### Citation Information - -``` -@ONLINE{superwiki-next, - title = {SuperWikiNEXT-32B}, - author = {KaraKaraWitch, recursal.ai}, - year = {2023}, - howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/WitchesSocialStream/SuperWikipedia-NEXT}}, -} -``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Waifu.png b/Waifu.png deleted file mode 100644 index b507db7ad3dd98c80f687fe8c8edc3f9cf40589e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/Waifu.png +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 -oid sha256:1a8d075934b40f6290da6270615e266076803e0184bac99ceec479ebd14be109 -size 875292 diff --git a/data/afwiki.jsonl b/data/afwiki.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3eb474e1b80c02bda02d23bb15da03d63eb8096d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/data/afwiki.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 -oid sha256:6235f51d5c7aa5c3caf2461c1ab74475b364b7e9c28663613c8d9bd90faf74c0 -size 218484275 diff --git a/data/arwiki.jsonl b/data/arwiki.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 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CH-4 tshái-khīng tī 2012-nî 11-gue̍h teh Tsuhái hâng-tén [en] tíng-kuân tē-it-pái kik-iông. CH-4 tshái-khīng i-ê set-kè hām Bí-kok bû-jîn-ki MQ-9 Reaper [en] kiōng-beh sio-siâng, CH-4 tshái-khīng hōo i teh Tiong-kok ê ti̍t-tsiap kìng-tsing [en] tuì-tshiú CAIG I̍k-liông [en] tông-huà-tiau.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Military Factory,\"CASC CH-4 Rainbow\",Global Defense Reference,retrieved Sept 19, 2022. (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ Military,\"Chang Hong (CH-4)\", GlobalSecurity.org, retrieved Sep.09, 2022. (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* EDM4S\n* Guizhou WZ-7 Soaring Dragon\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* Chinese Rainbow CH-4 UCAV detected near Taiwan for first time - Focus Taiwan (Eng-gí)\n* PLA Chinese CH-4 Rainbow UCAV combat UAV detected near Taiwan for first time (Eng-gí)\n* Chang Hong (CH-4) (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"CH-4 chhái-khēng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[496,1012,0.4901185770750988],"infobox":["
    CH-4 tshái-khīng
    Khài-iàu
    Ki-su̍t sòo-kì
    Sìng-lîng sòo-kì
    Bú-khì Tsong-pī
    Kî-thañ\nMissiles AR-1/HJ-10, Blue Arrow 7, TG100 laser, FT-5
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1065}} -{"text":"**Kim-chíⁿ-tīn**(金井鎮) sī Tiong-hôa jîn-bîn kiōng-hô-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Choân-chiu-chhī Chìn-kang-chhī té-kha ê chi̍t-ê tīn. Tī Chìn-kang tang-lâm iân-hái, lî Kim-mn̂g-tó kan-na 5.6 hái-lí.\n\nKim-chíⁿ-tīn ê Ûi-thâu bān-tùn-kip káng-kháu sī i-ê chú-iàu tōa-mn̂g-kháu, chú-iàu tùi Tâi-oân bō͘-e̍k. Kim-chíⁿ mā-sī phê-kek kiau pháng-chit ê tāng-tīn, ū tù-miâⁿ ê Chhit-phit-lông Chi̍p-thoân.\n\nHêng-chèng-khu-e̍k\n------------------\n\nKim-chíⁿ-tīn kiōng-ū 1-ê siā-khu, 20-ê Hêng-chèng-chhun, hun-pia̍t sī:\n\nKim-chíⁿ siā-khu, Kó͘-oaⁿ-chhun (古垵村), Chio̍h-chùn-chhun (石圳村), Hok-choân-chhun (福全村), Liû-kang-chhun (溜江村), Iûⁿ-ē-chhun (洋下村), Lâm-kang-chhun (南江村), Gâm-hong-chhun (岩峰村), Ûi-thâu-chhun (圍頭村), Ô-chhù-chhun (湖厝村), Tn̂g-tang-chhun (塘東村), Khiⁿ-kháu-chhun (坑口村), Chhau-tè-chhun (钞岱村), Kim-chíⁿ-chhun (金井村), Saⁿ-khiⁿ-chhun (三坑村), Sin-chhì-chhun (新市村), Piá-chiu-chhun (丙洲村), Gio̍k-soaⁿ-chhun (玉山村), Soaⁿ-hong-chhun (山峰村), Soaⁿ-so͘-chhun (山苏村), Phó͘-tha̍k-chhun (埔宅村), Kim-chíⁿ Kang-gia̍p-khu (金井工業區).\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\nHok-choân-chhun sī Tiong-kok le̍k-sú bûn-hòa miâⁿ-chhun chi-it.","meta":{"title":"Kim-chíⁿ-tīn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1107,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1251}} -{"text":"**Baden-Württemberg** sī Tek-kok se-lâm-pō͘ ê chi̍t-ê liân-pang-chiu, siú-hú sī Stuttgart, jîn-kháu tāi-iok ū 1110 bān lâng, sī Tek-kok tē 3 tōa--ê. Baden-Württemberg chú-iàu ê siâⁿ-chhī ū Freiburg, Heidelberg, Heilbronn, Pforzheim, Reutlingen, Tübingen, kap Ulm.\n\nLe̍k-sú siōng, Baden-Württemberg sī iû Baden, Phó͘-ló͘-se ê Hohenzollern, kap Württemberg che saⁿ ê tē-hng cho͘-sêng--ê. 1952 nî 4 goe̍h, Sai-tekSòng ê Württemberg-Baden, Lâm Baden, kap Württemberg-Hohenzollern saⁿ ê chiu ha̍p-pèng chò Baden-Württemberg. Che 3 ê chiu sī Jī-chiàn liáu-āu Tông-bêng-kok àn-chiàu in ê chiàm-niá-khu tùi thoân-thóng-siōng ê Baden kap Württemberg chhòng-siat--chhut-lâi--ê.\n\nBaden-Württemberg ê keng-chè chin hó, khah chhut-miâ ê sán-gia̍p ū khì-chhia chè-chō, tiān-ki kang-têng, ki-hāi kang-têng kap ho̍k-bū-gia̍p téng-téng. I ê khu-he̍k chóng seng-sán (GRP) tī Tek-kok pâi tē 3 miâ. Tek-kok ū bē-chió tōa kong-si ê chóng-pō͘ siat tī Baden-Württemberg, pau-hâm Bián-juh chi̍p-thoân, Schwarz chi̍p-thoân, Porsche, Bosch and SAP.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nKong-goân 100 nî, Lô-má Tè-kok ji̍p-chhim Württemberg, tī i ê pak-hong kiong-kài khí chi̍t tó͘ limes. Kong-goân 3 sè-kí, Alemanni lâng ap-pek Lô-má-lâng, hō͘ in thòe-siú kàu Rhein Hô kah Donau Hô sai-pêng. Kong-goân 496 nî, Cloves 1-sè sut-léng Frank lâng phah-pāi Alemanni lâng.\n\nĀu-lâi Sîn-sèng Lô-má Tè-kok kiàn-li̍p. Tòa tiám chit-tah ê ki-bîn lóng sī sìn Lô-má Thian-chú-kàu, it-ti̍t kàu Chong-kàu Kái-kek khai-sí éng-hióng tio̍h Tek-kok pak-pō͘ liáu-āu mā sī án-ne.\n\nJî-chhú tāi-chiàn kiat-sok āu, Tông-bêng-kok tī hiān-chhú-sî ê Baden-Württemberg tē-khu kiàn-li̍p 3 ê chiu: Württemberg-Hohenzollern, Baden, kah Württemberg-Baden. Baden kah Württemberg-Hohenzollern sī hō͘ Hoat-kok chiàm-niá, ah Württemberg-Baden sī hō͘ Bí-kok chiàm-niá. 1949 nî, che 3--ê lóng sī To̍k-it Liân-pang Kiōng-hô-kok ê chhòng-sí sêng-oân-kok, *Tek-kok Hiàn-hoat* tē 118 tiâu ū kui-tēng ka-bêng ê têng-sū. 1951 nî 12 goe̍h chhe-9 日，Württemberg-Hohenzollern, Baden, kah Württemberg-Baden thong-kòe kong-tâu, tông-ì ha̍p-pèng. 1952 nî 4 goe̍h 25, Baden-Württemberg chèng-sek chiâⁿ-chò Sai-tek ê chi̍t ê chiu.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nChèng-hú\n--------\n\n### Hêng-chèng-khu\n\nChham-oa̍t: Baden-Württemberg ê siâⁿ-chhī lia̍t-toaⁿBaden-Württemberg ū hun 35 ê **kūn** (Tek-gí: *Landkreis*) kap 9 ê to̍k-li̍p siâⁿ-chhī (Tek-gí: *Stadtkreis*), chit nn̄g chióng lóng sio̍k-tī Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Stuttgart, kah Tübingen 4 ê hêng-chèng koán-khu (Tek-gí: *Regierungsbezirk*) chi-hā.\n\nStuttgart chhī-lāi ê Schlossplatz\nKarlsruhe\nHeidelberg kah Neckar Hô\nFreiburg, Freiburg Minster\nMannheim\nUlm kah chin chhut-miâ ê Ulm minster, i sī sè-kài siōng koân ê kàu-tn̂g\nTübingen\nBaden-Baden\n\n \n\nTē-tô͘\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1. Alb-Donau-Kreis\n2. Biberach\n3. Bodenseekreis\n4. Böblingen\n5. Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald\n6. Calw\n7. Konstanz\n8. Emmendingen\n9. Enzkreis\n10. Esslingen\n11. Freudenstadt\n12. Göppingen\n13. Heidenheim\n14. Heilbronn\n15. Hohenlohe\n16. Karlsruhe\n17. Lörrach\n18. Ludwigsburg\n | 1. Main-Tauber\n2. Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis\n3. Ortenaukreis\n4. Ostalbkreis\n5. Rastatt\n6. Ravensburg\n7. Rems-Murr-Kreis\n8. Reutlingen\n9. Rhein-Neckar-Kreis\n10. Rottweil\n11. Schwäbisch Hall\n12. Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis\n13. Sigmaringen\n14. Tübingen\n15. Tuttlingen\n16. Waldshut\n17. Zollernalbkreis\n |\n\n### Chòe-kīn soán-kí kiat-kó\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: 2021 Baden-Württemberg state election\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chèng-tóng | Tit-phiò |  % | Khí-lo̍h | Se̍k-chhù | +/– |\n| Tē-1 | Tē-2 | Kiōng |\n| | Liân-bêng 90/Le̍k Tóng (GRÜNE) | 1,586,192 | 32.6 | Increase 2.3 | 58 | 0 | 58 | Increase 11 |\n| | Ki-tok-kàu Bîn-chú Liân-bêng (CDU) | 1,168,975 | 24.1 | Decrease 2.9 | 12 | 30 | 42 | Steady 0 |\n| | Siā-hōe-bîn-chú Tóng (SPD) | 535,489 | 11.0 | Decrease 1.7 | 0 | 19 | 19 | Steady 0 |\n| | Chū-iû Bīn-chú Tóng (FDP) | 508,429 | 10.5 | Increase 2.2 | 0 | 18 | 18 | Increase 6 |\n| | Thè-ōaⁿ ūi Tek-kok (AfD) | 473,485 | 9.7 | Decrease 5.4 | 0 | 17 | 17 | Decrease 6 |\n| |\n| | Chó-e̍-tóng (LINKE) | 173,317 | 3.6 | Increase 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Steady 0 |\n| | Chū-iû Soán-bîn (FW) | 146,259 | 3.0 | Increase 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Steady 0 |\n| | Die PARTEI | 59,463 | 1.2 | Increase 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Steady 0 |\n| | Tek-kok Ki-chân Bīn-chú Tóng | 48,497 | 1.0 | Sin--ê | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sin--ê |\n| | Climate List Baden-Württemberg | 42,685 | 0.9 | Sin--ê | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sin--ê |\n| | WiR2020 | 41,128 | 0.8 | Sin--ê | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sin--ê |\n| | Keng-chè Bīn-chú Tóng (ÖDP) | 37,819 | 0.8 | Increase 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Steady 0 |\n| | Volt Germany | 22,782 | 0.5 | Sin--ê | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sin--ê |\n| | Alliance C – Christians for Germany | 4,081 | 0.1 | Increase 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Steady 0 |\n| | Pirate Party Germany | 2,878 | 0.1 | Decrease 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Steady 0 |\n| | Democracy in Motion | 1,005 | 0.0 | Sin--ê | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sin--ê |\n| | Party of Humanists | 976 | 0.0 | Sin--ê | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sin--ê |\n| | Humane World | 975 | 0.0 | Increase 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Steady 0 |\n| | Party for Health Research | 468 | 0.0 | Sin--ê | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sin--ê |\n| | One for All – Party | 178 | 0.0 | Sin--ê | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sin--ê |\n| | German Communist Party | 107 | 0.0 | Decrease 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Steady 0 |\n| | Independents | 4,463 | 0.1 | Increase 0.1 | 0 | – | 0 | Steady 0 |\n| Chóng-kiōng | 4,859,651 | 100.0 | – | 70 | 84 | 154 | Increase 11 |\n| Bô-hāu phiò | 34,849 | 0.7 | |\n| Soán-kī-jîn/Tâu-phiò-lu̍t | 7,671,039 | 63.8 | Decrease 6.6 | |\n| Lâi-goân: State Returning Officer |\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nKau-thong\n---------\n\n### Kong-lō͘\n\n* A 5 (ùi Basel keng Karlsruhe kàu Weinheim, koh ē kàu Frankfurt am Main\n* A 81 (ùi Singen am Hohentwiel keng Stuttgart koh ē kàu Würzburg).\n* A 7 (Ulm — Ellwangen)\n* A 6 (von Saarbrücken kommend über Mannheim und Heilbronn nach Crailsheim und weiter Richtung Nürnberg)\n* A 8 (von Karlsruhe über Stuttgart nach Ulm und weiter Richtung München)\n\n### Thih-lō͘\n\nDB Netz AG tī Baden-Württemberg ê thih-lō͘ lō͘-bāng ū 3,400 kong-lí tn̂g, ta̍k-kang ē cháu 6,500 pang chhia.\n\n### Hâng-ūn\n\nRhein Hô kàu Basel ûi-chí, Neckar Hô kàu Plochingen ûi-chí, lóng sī liân-pang chúi-lō͘ (Tek-gí: *Bundeswasserstraßen*). Neckar Hô kah Rhein Hô ê kap-káng sī Mannheim Káng, i mā sī Au-chiu lāi-lio̍k chi̍t ê tiōng-iàu ê hô-káng. Kî-thaⁿ ê tōa-káng koh ū Karlsruhe Káng (Au-chiu lāi-lio̍k siōng tōa ê chio̍h-iû káng), Heilbronn Káng, kah Kehl Káng. \n\n### Khong-ūn\n\nBaden-Württemberg ū 4 ê bîn-iōng ki-tiûⁿ. \n\n| Ki-tiûⁿ | IATA hoan-hō | Keng-hūi-tō͘ | Chù |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Stuttgart Ki-tiûⁿ | STR | 48°41′24″N 9°13′19″E / 48.69000°N 9.22194°E / 48.69000; 9.22194 | Tek-kok tē-6 tōa ki-tiûⁿ |\n| Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden Ki-tiûⁿ | FKB | 48°46′46″N 8°04′50″E / 48.77944°N 8.08056°E / 48.77944; 8.08056 (Baden Airpark) | |\n| Friedrichshafen Ki-tiûⁿ | FDH | 47°40′17″N 9°30′41″E / 47.67139°N 9.51139°E / 47.67139; 9.51139 | |\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\n### Gí-giân\n\nThong-hêng gí-giân sī piau-chún Tek-gí, pún-thó͘ ê hong-giân ū Alemann-gí, che pau-hâm Schwäbisch, Niederalemannisch, Hochalemannisch).\n\nBaden-Württemburg hù-kīn ê hong-giân tē-tô͘. Chhíⁿ-sek--ê sī Schwäbisch.\n\nKàu-io̍k\n--------\n\nBaden-Württemberg ū chi̍t-kóa Tek-kok le̍k-sú siōng kú, miâ-siaⁿ siōng hó ê tāi-ha̍k, phì-lūn-kóng Heidelberg Tāi-ha̍k (1386 nî chhòng-hāu, sī hiān-tāi Tek-kok kèng-lāi siōng lāu--ê), Freiburg Tāi-ha̍k (1457 nî) kah Tübingen Tāi-ha̍k (1477 nî). Tek-kok 11 keng \"iu-siù tāi-ha̍k\" tang-tiong, Baden-Württemberg tō ū 3 keng (Heidelberg, Tübingen kah Konstanz, í-chêng ū Freiburg kah Karlsruhe).\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Tek-kok ê liân-pang-chiu (*Bundesland*) |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Baden-Württemberg | Bayern | Pek-lîm | Brandenburg | Bremen | Hamburg | Hessen | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | Niedersachsen | Nordrhein-Westfalen | Rheinland-Pfalz | Saarland | Sachsen | Sachsen-Anhalt | Schleswig-Holstein | Thüringen |\n\n |\n\n1. ↑ \"25. April 1952 – Die Entstehung des Landes Baden-Württemberg\". goân-loē-iông tī 2015-04-07 hőng khó͘-pih. 21 August 2022 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"The State and its people\". *Baden-Württemberg*. 18 December 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Bevölkerung nach Nationalität und Geschlecht am 31. Dezember 2017\". *Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg* (ēng Tek-gí). 2018.\n4. ↑ Baden-Württemberg, Statistisches Landesamt. \"Bruttoinlandsprodukt – in jeweiligen Preisen – in Deutschland 1991 bis 2019 nach Bundesländern (WZ 2008) – VGR dL\". *www.vgrdl.de*. goân-loē-iông tī 25 June 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. 23 June 2020 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter `|url-status=` ignored (help)\n5. ↑ \"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab\". *hdi.globaldatalab.org* (ēng Eng-gí). 2018-09-13 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Baden-Württemberg","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3772,7566,0.4985461274121068],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Baden-Württemberg
    \n\n\n\n
    \"Baden-Württemberg
    Kî-á    		 \"Baden-Württemberg
    Hui-kì
    \n
    \"ê
    ê uī-tì
    \n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 48°32′16″N 9°2′28″E / 48.53778°N 9.04111°E / 48.53778; 9.04111
    Kok-ka\n Tek-kok\n
    Sêng-li̍p sî-kan1952 nî 4 goe̍h 25
    Siú-húStuttgart
    Chèng-hú
     - Chiu-chóng-lí\nWinfried Kretschmann (Le̍k-tóng)
     - Chip-chèng-tóng\n\t\tGreens / CDU
     - Liân-pang Phêng-gī-hōe se̍k-chhù\n6 (lóng-chóng 69 se̍k)
     - Liân-pang Gī-hōe se̍k-chhù\n102 (lóng-chóng 736 se̍k)
    Bīn-chek
     - Chóng-kiōng\n\t\t35,751.46 km2
    Jîn-kháu (2020-09-30)
     - Chóng-kiōng11,111,496 · 3rd lâng
     - Bi̍t-tō͘\n311/km2
    Sî-khuCET (UTC+1)\n\t
     - Jo̍at--lângCEST (UTC+2)
    GRP (bêng-gī)€5240 e̍k (2019) · 3rd
    Jîn-kin GRP€47,000 (2019) · Tē 4
    NUTS KhuDE1
    HDI (2018)0.961 (2019)
    very high · 3rd
    Bāng-chāmbaden-wuerttemberg.de
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":9213}} -{"text":"**Hòa-ha̍k pêng-hêng** (化學平衡) sī kóng tī hông-koan tiâu-kiāⁿ it-tēng ê khó-ge̍k hoán-èng tiong, hòa-ha̍k hoán-èng chèng-ge̍k hoán-èng sok-lu̍t kāng-khoán, hoán-èng-bu̍t kap seng-sêng-bu̍t ê lông-tō͘ put-chài kái-piàn ê chōng-thài. Ē-tàng ēng **ΔrGm=ΣνΑμΑ=0** lâi phòaⁿ-toān, μA sī hoán-èng tiong A bu̍t-chit ê hòa-ha̍k-sè. Iā-chiū-sī kóng, hòa-ha̍k hoán-èng kàu pêng-hêng chōng-thài sî, ì-bī tio̍h seng-sêng-bu̍t ê Gibbs chū-iû-lêng G sī siōng-sè. Lí-lūn lâi kóng, tùi í-keng chai-iáⁿ sán-bu̍t ê hòa-ha̍k hoán-èng, ēng Gibbs siōng-sè chū-iû-lêng hong-hoat, kiat-ha̍p hoán-èng-bu̍t kap seng-sêng-bu̍t ê jia̍t-le̍k-ha̍k sò͘-kì, chiū ē-sái kè-sǹg chhut pêng-hêng sán-bu̍t.\n\nHòa-ha̍k hoán-èng bô it-tēng lóng ē-tàng ta̍t-kàu pêng-hêng chōng-thài, pí-lūn sûn hòa-ha̍k hoán-èng-bu̍t chi-kan seng-sêng sûn ê sán-bu̍t chiū bô-hoat-tō͘ ta̍t-kàu pêng-hêng, ti̍t-kàu hoán-èng-bu̍t siau-hô͘ⁿ liáu ûi-chí. Lí-lūn lâi kóng, jīm-hô hòa-ha̍k hoán-èng lóng sī khó-ge̍k hoán-èng, chí-put-kò tùi pêng-hêng tēng-sò͘ hui-siông tōa ê hòa-ha̍k hoán-èng lâi kóng, in-ūi hoán-èng chìn-hêng liáu chin thiat-té, chiū jīn-ûi hit-khoán hoán-èng put-khó-ge̍k.\n\nTī bô-kāng ê tiâu kiāⁿ (lông-tō͘, un-tō͘, ap-kiông téng) hā, hòa-ha̍k pêng-hêng ē-tàng pó-chhî bô-kāng ê pêng-hêng koan-hē (lông-tō͘ téng). Chi̍t-ê hòa-ha̍k hoán-èng ta̍t-kàu hòa-ha̍k pêng-hêng liáu-āu, nā-sī tiâu-kiāⁿ (lông-tō͘, un-tō͘, ap-kiông téng) hoat-seng piàn-hòa, pêng-hêng ē pī táⁿ-phòa, ti̍t-kàu ta̍t-sêng sin ê pêng-hêng. Kin-kì Le Chatelier ê gôan-lí, nā chi̍t-ê í-keng ta̍t pêng-hêng ê hē-thóng pī kái-siān, hit-ê hē-thóng ē sûi-chi kái-siān lâi khòng-hêng hit-ê kái-siān.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Khó-ge̍k hóan-èng\n* Chiàⁿ-hoán-èng\n* Ge̍k-hoán-èng\n* Hòa-ha̍k pêng-hêng tēng-sò͘","meta":{"title":"Hòa-ha̍k pêng-hêng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[86,1796,0.04788418708240535],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2046}} -{"text":"Sin-chiaⁿ-sî teh sio-hiuⁿ ê Ìn-ní Hôa-jîn.\n**Ìn-nî ê Sin-chiaⁿ** sī chi̍t-chióng Ìn-nî Hôa-jîn thoân-thóng hong-sio̍k lâi kòe sin-chiaⁿ (Kū-le̍k ê sin-nî). Tī Ìn-nî-gí lāi-bīn chit-ê sîn-nî ê cheh-ji̍t kiò-chò **Tahun Baru Imlek** ā-sī **Sincia**, tō sī ūi Bân-lâm-gú lâi ê kù-ōe. \n\nTĪ Ìn-nî sin-chiaⁿ ê hong-sio̍k í-keng ū kúi-pah-nî ê le̍k-sú. Ta̍k só͘-chai kap ta̍k Tiong-kok î-bîn ê cho̍k-kûn ū ka-kī bô kâng-khoán ê hong-hoat lâi kòe-cheh. Tāi-pō͘-hūn Ìn-nî Hôa-jîn sī tùi Bân-lâm Tē-khu lâi ê, só͘-í Ìn-nî ê sin-chiaⁿ khah chiap-kūn Bân-lâm bûn-hòa ê te̍k-sek.\n\nTāi-pō͘-hūn ê lâng beh kòe-nî kòe kàu cha̍p-gō͘. Iû-kî-sī iû-goân teh pái chó͘-sian ê lâng, sin-chiaⁿ ê sî-chūn sī chi̍t-nî chi-kan tē-it tiōng-iàu ê ji̍t-chí. 15 kang lāi-té in tio̍h-ài si̍t-hêng chi̍t-kóa-á bîn-sio̍k kap gī-sek. Kàu chhe-káu ê sî, it-tēng ài pài thiⁿ-kong. \n\nKàu Cha̍p-gō͘, tō sī sin-chiaⁿ ê bóe-kî, lóng hō͘ Ìn-nî Hôa-jîn hō-chò Cap Go Meh （cha̍p-gō͘-mê）, mā-sī ū-lâng kiò-chò Guan Siau （Goân-siau）.","meta":{"title":"Ìn-nî ê Sin-chiaⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,963,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1130}} -{"text":"**Ké-chhùi-khí chheng-khì-piáⁿ** sī chi̍t-chióng the̍h-lâi chheng-khì o̍ah-chô ké-chhùi-khí ê io̍h-piáⁿ. I ê sêng-hūn chú-iàu sī sodium perborate, potassium monopersulfate, sodium polyphosphate, alcalase, sodium carbonate, kap citric acid.\n\nSodium perborate kap potassium monopersulfate sī ióng-hòa-hêng sat-khún-che, ē-sái thâi-sí sè-khún kap ko͘ (fungus) téng-téng bî-seng-bu̍t.\n\nSodium polyphosphate sī chheng-kiat-che, ē-sái thê-kiong chheng-khì hāu-kó, pang-chān chheng-khì khí-káu kap khí-khún-pan.\n\nAlcalase ē hun-kái nn̄g-pe̍h-chit, thèng-hó kā pn̄g-chhài iù-á png-kái chheng-tû.\n\nSodium carbonate kap citric acid sī khí-pho-che, thê-kiong khí-pho ê hāu-kó, lâi ta̍t-kàu chhin-chhiūⁿ bu̍t-lí-sèng chheng-sé chheng-khì ê hāu-kó.\n\nHó-chhù\n-------\n\n1. Chǹg-ji̍p-khì khí-kún-pō· kap chhiū-chí ê khang-phāng chò chheng-kiat khang-khòe, mí-pó· ki-hâi-sek ê bín, lù bô-hoat-tō· ta̍t-kàu ê só·-chāi.\n2. Ū sat-khún ê hāu-kó, ē-sái thâi-sí 99.9% ê kháu-khiuⁿ bî-seng-bu̍t.\n3. Khì-tû khí-siôⁿ he̍k khí-khún-pan.\n4. Bē phò-hāi ké-chhùi-khí ê châi-chit.\n5. Kái-siān ké-chhùi-khí ê chhàu-bī.\n6. Kiông-pek hoān-chiá kā ké-chhùi-khí the̍h khí--lâi chheng, hō· gê-chô ū hioh-khùn ê sî-kan.\n7. Sú-iōng hong-piān séng-sî séng-la̍t.\n\nPháiⁿ-chhù\n----------\n\nÀi chim-chiok kéng-soán, chù-ì sêng-hūn kám-ē chân-liû--lo̍h-lâi, chō-sêng jîn-thé siong-hāi.","meta":{"title":"Ké-chhùi-khí chheng-khì-piáⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[466,1311,0.35545385202135776],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1517}} -{"text":"Hō·-kó：Chhì-koe-á\n**Hō·-kó** (瓠果) sī koé-chí ê 1 khoán, kui-sio̍k-tī tan-seng-kó, sī hô·-lô·-kho (葫蘆科) si̍t-bu̍t te̍k-iú ê koé-chí lūi-hêng. Chiok-chē hō·-kó hō·-lâng chò chhài-se, ē-chia̍h-chit ê koé-chí, he̍k hàn-io̍h sú-iōng, chhiūⁿ-kóng chhì-koe, chhài-koe, si-koe, tang-koe, bû-á-koe téng-téng. Hō·-kó ê goā-kó-phoê kah hoe-thok kap-chò-hoé seⁿ-chò khah tēng-sin ê koé-chí goā-phoê, tiong-kó-phoê kap lāi-kó-phoê kap-kài bô hun-bêng, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī pûi-kāu chē-chiap; tang-koe, mē-lóng-koe chia-ê koé-chí chhài-se chia̍h--ê tio̍h-sī chit-ê pō·-hūn. Hō·-kó ê thai-chō (胎座) hui-siông hoat-ta̍t, che-sī kah kî-thaⁿ koé-chí chiâⁿ bô-kâng ê só·-chāi, hoat-ta̍t thai-chō tī kóe-chí lāi-té chiàm liáu chin-toā ê khong-kan, si-koe chia̍h ê pō·-ūi tio̍h-sī thai-chō. Hō·-kó ū chiok-chē chéng-chí, chéng-chí toè-tio̍h thai-chō hun-pò· tī kó-si̍t lāi-té. Hō·-kó ê hoe-pī (花被) siù-chûn, ūi-tī koé-chí ê téng-koân, kah tì-thâu siōng-tùi ê ūi-tì. Hō·-kó sī iû chú-pâng ē-ūi ê saⁿ ê sim-phoê kap-chò-hoé ê chhû-lúi hoat-io̍k lâi-ê, hêng-sêng koé-chí ê tû-liáu chú-pâng iàu-ū hoe-thok, in-chhú hō·-kó mā-sī 1 chióng ké-kó (假果).","meta":{"title":"Hō͘-kó","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1178,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1332}} -{"text":"Claude Monet, *Ìn-siōng, ji̍t-chhut*, 1872 nî chok-phín, sī 1974 nî Tē-1-hôe Ìn-siōng-phài Tián-lám-hōe ê tián-chhut ê ōe-chok chi it. Musée Marmottan bí-su̍t-koán siu-chông.\n**Ìn-siōng-phài** (Hoat-gí: *Impressionnisme*), mā ū kóng **Ìn-siōng-chú-gī**, sī 19 sè-kí tùi Hoat-kok ê Pa-lí chhōa-thâu hoat-tián ê gē-su̍t ūn-tōng, khai-ki ê jîn-bu̍t sī chi̍t kóa hui-chú-liû gē-su̍t-ka. Claude Monet ê chok-phín *Ìn-siōng, ji̍t-chhut* (*Impression, soleil levant*) sī \"ìn-siōng-phài\" chit-ê miâ ê gôan-khí. \n\nĀu--lâi sī-kak gē-su̍t ê ūn-tōng tī Se-iûⁿ gē-su̍t im-ga̍k lāi-bīn chō-chiâⁿ ìn-siōng-phài im-ga̍k ê hoat-tián. Kok-lâi Ìn-siōng-phài mā sī hiān-tāi-chú-gī gē-su̍t ê sian-hong.\n\nPōe-kéng\n--------\n\nÌn-siōng-phài ê goân-thâu chhut tī chi̍t kóa bô-kâng ê gē-su̍t su-sióng kap ūn-tōng tang-tiong. Tāi-seng sī sī-kak gē-su̍t lāi-bīn ê chū-jiân-chú-gī thoân-thóng, kî-tiong ōe-ka ê khang-khòe hông jīn-ûi sī ài si̍t-chāi piáu-ta̍t hiān-si̍t. M̄-koh, chit khoán thoân-thóng só͘ ín-chhōa--chhut-lâi ê gē-su̍t chhòng-chok, sī phòe-ha̍p kong-chiòng he̍k-chiá sī úi-thok-chiá tùi siá-si̍t ê iau-kiû. Nā Ìn-siōng-phài sī khah koan-sim gē-su̍t-ka pún-sin ê koan-tiám. Che koan-hē tio̍h Lô-bān-chú-gī ê éng-hióng. Chiàu Lô-bān-chú-gī ê kiàn-kái, lâng kò-jîn thang thoân-ta̍t i tī siā-hōe lāi-bīn ê sin-hūn, jî-chhiá gē-su̍t-ka siū kó͘-lē pó-chhî kap sè-sio̍k bô-kâng ê koan-tiám. Lēng-gōa, in koh jīn-ûi chū-jiân m̄-sī siū lâng ê an-pâi. Só͘-í, ē-tàng kóng chū-jiân-chú-gī thê-kiong liáu siá-si̍t ê thoân-thóng; Lô-bān-chú-gī thê-kiong liáu piáu-ta̍t ōe-ka pún-sin koan-tiám ê lí-sióng.\n\nTû-liáu í-siōng nn̄g khoán lâi-goân, Gustave Courbet kap Barbizon-phài mā thê-kiong chhut hit-tong-sî kek-bēng-chiá ê lí-sióng, kám-kak nā sī it-poaⁿ lâng (phì-jû chò-si̍t-lâng) mā ē-tàng sī ōe-chok ê chú-tê, tio̍h àm-sī kóng chia-ê lâng mā ē-tàng chham-ú chèng-tī. Chiàu chit khoán siūⁿ-hoat, gē-su̍t-ka piáu-ta̍t hiān-si̍t ê khang-khòe m̄ nā sī chi̍t khoán kang-gē, mā sī ū siā-hōe kiam tì-sek ì-gī ê tāi-chì. Chóng-sī chèng-tī chú-tiuⁿ m̄-sī pún ōe-phài chú-iàu ê chok-iōng, in si̍t-chè siōng sī tī ōe-bīn ê khì-hun kap kng-sòaⁿ téng hong-bīn tùi Ìn-siōng-phài chō chiâⁿ éng-hióng. Courbet sī hiān-si̍t-chú-gī ê tāi-piáu jîn-bu̍t, i jīn-ûi gē-su̍t-ka tio̍h ài piáu-hiān \"chiaⁿ-si̍t chûn-chāi ê mi̍h,\" him-sióng í-chá Caravaggio, Frans Hals, kap Rembrandt ê iūⁿ-sek.\n\nKhí-thâu\n--------\n\n1840 nî chhut-sì, Normandie chhut-sin ê Claude Monet, sī khai Ìn-siōng-phài hong-khì ê ōe-ka. I siū Eugène Boudin ê kiàn-gī tī 1859 nî kòe Pa-lí hoat-tián, ùi su-jîn ha̍k-hāu Académie Suisse gián-kiú hong-kéng kap chhiah-sin tô͘-ōe. Monet tī 1860 nî hông chio-peng kòe Algeria, i āu-lâi jīn-ûi ka-tī sī tī Hui-chiu o̍h tio̍h kng-sòaⁿ kap sek-tī ê ìn-siōng. Monet chò-peng ê sî phòa-pēⁿ tó-tńg tī Le Havre ê pún-hiong, tú tio̍h Hô-lân ōe-ka Johan Barthold Jongkind. Chiàu Monet só͘ kóng, Jongkind khé-sī liáu tùi hái-kéng kap tē-kéng ê koan-chhat. Āu--lâi Monet koh tī Charles Gleyre ē-té chò tāi-chì, jî-chhiá gū tio̍h Frédéric Bazille, Alfred Sisley kap Auguste Renoir. Kî-tiong Renoir sī tī École des Beaux-Arts (Bí-su̍t Ha̍k-hāu) chò ha̍k-seng.\n\nMonet, Bazille, Sisley kap Renoir, tī 1864 nî hit chūn lóng tī Barbizon hū-kīn ōe-chok, in tī chia bīn-tùi tāi-chū-jiân, ka chiūⁿ Barbizon-phài ê Narcisse Virgilio Díaz ê koan-hē, hoat-tián tùi hong-kéng ê hèng-chhù.\n\nTī Pa-lí, Edouard Manet tùi siàu-liân ōe-ka chin ū éng-hióng-le̍k. Sui-jiân chok-phín *Se-pan-gâ Koa-chiá* (*Le Chanteur espagnol*) siū 1861 nî ê Salon tián-lám cha̍p-siū, m̄ koh Manet soah koh tī 1863 nî tùi leh chi̍t kûn ōe-ka hō͘ 1863 nî Salon kī-choat. Chit kān sū-kiāⁿ ín-khí liáu Lo̍h-soán-chiá ê Salon (*Salon des Refusés*) ê khai-siat. Tián-lám lāi Manet tián-sī i ê *Chháu-po͘ téng ê ē-tàu-tǹg* (*Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe*), pún chok, tī hui chông-ì ê bûn-ì ē-té piáu-hiān cha-bó͘ thǹg-pak-theh tī kong-hn̂g kap chheng-chhah chèng-tong ê cha-po͘-lâng chia̍h tàu, hông hit-tong-sî ê lâng kám-kak sī chi̍t kiāⁿ pāi-sio̍k ê tāi-chì. M̄-koh, che tián-tó hō͘ Manet piàn hit chūn gē-su̍t-kài kip-chìn sè-le̍k ê chhōa-thâu. \n\nAlfred Sisley tī 1865 nî ê chok-phín *La Celle-Saint-Cloud ê la̍t-chí chhiū-nâ-lō͘*.\n1860 nî-tāi, Monet, Renoir khai-sí hèng-chhù ōe Pa-lí ê kéng-sek, che ē-tàng kóng hoán-èng liáu Manet ê éng-hióng. Manet ê chok-phín *Tuileries ê Im-ga̍k* (*La Musique aux Tuileries*), ē-sài kóng phòe-ha̍p liáu hit tang-chūn bûn-ha̍k-ka Charles Baudelaire ê \"hiān-tāi seng-oa̍h ê ōe-ka\" siat-sióng. Lēng-gōa, chia ōe-ka ê chhòng-chok, oa-ná siū siá-chin-ka Nadar tùi hiān-tāi ke-chhī kap jîn-kûn oa̍h-tāng hip-siōng ê piáu-hiān hong-sek éng-hiong. Siá-chin tùi Ìn-siōng-phài ê éng-hióng m̄-ná taⁿ ōe-chok chú-tê. Liap-éng ki-su̍t hǒ͘ lâng ē-sài chheng-chó kì-lio̍k kéng-bu̍t, chō-sêng ōe-ka su-khó sin-ê gē-su̍t koan-tiám, pí-lūn chiàu Ìn-siōng-phài lâi kóng, chio̍h sī piáu-hiān tòe sî-kân piàn-hòa ê kng-sòaⁿ kap sek-tī, m̄-sī chhiūⁿ kòe-khì ōe-ka piáu-hiān chi̍t-ê sî-kan tiám.\n\nHoat-tián\n---------\n\n*Sainte-Adresse ê pán-pîⁿ-téng*, 1867 nî chó-iū.\nMonet kap Renoir gián-kiù chū-jiân tang-tiong, in hoat-kiàn o͘-iáⁿ kî-si̍t hoán-èng liáu sì-ûi mi̍h-kiāⁿ ê sek-tī, in tī 1867 nî ê chok-phín *Sainte-Adresse ê pán-pîⁿ-téng* (*Terrasse à Sainte-Adresse*) kap *Lise* chio̍h piáu-hiān liáu chit khoán koan-liām. Lēng-gōa chi̍t hong-bīn, chá-chêng ê ōe-ka sī ké-soeh mi̍h-kiāⁿ liáu-āu, ōe chiūⁿ i ê ìn-sióng, hiān-chāi Monet chia ê ōe-ka, siūⁿ beh hòng-khì ké-soeh ê kòe-têng, hi-bāng hō͘ kéng ka-tī tián-hiān pún-sin.\n\nTī La Grenouillère kap Argenteuil sia-seng ê Monet kap Renoir lú-lâi-lú ài sú-iōng khah té ê pit-ōe lâi cho͘-sêng chúi-bīn ê hián-kng, tián-hiān sek-chhái kng-iáⁿ ê chū-jiân piàn-tōng. In chi̍t khoan hong-hoat siū in kâng phài ōe-ka ê him-sióng, chhan-chhiūⁿ Camille Pissarro mā tī i-ê chok-phín piáu-hiān i tùi Monet hia khòaⁿ tio̍h ê kang-gē. Koh chhiⁿ-chhiūⁿ Sisley kap Berthe Morisot mā tī in-ê *Grande Jatte Tó ê lé-pài kòe-tàu* (*Un dimanche après-midi à l'Île de la Grande Jatte*) kap *Tī hoan-be̍h-hn̂g* (*Dans les blés*) téng chok-phín choán hiòng keng-ka bêng-hián ê Ìn-siōng-phài chhúi-hoat; tè-bé liān Manet mā tī 1874 nî ùi Argenteuil tòe o̍h Monet ê iūⁿ-sek.\n\n### Ìn-siōng-phài Tián-lám-hōe\n\nTī 1869 kap 1870 nî che nn̄g tang, Monet kap Paul Cézanne chia ìn-siōng-phài ōe-ka iáu koh ū ki-hōe ē-tàng ji̍p soán Salon; m̄ koh kàu 1870 nî-tāi chá-kî, khòng-chè Salon ê gē-su̍t-kài keng-ka hông in hia kip-chìn-phài ōe-ka. Courbet mā in-ūi chèng-tī piáu-ta̍t hō͘ Salon kī-choa̍t. Courbet bat tī 1855 nî ùi Bān-kok Phok-lám-hōe khai-siat *Pavillon du réalisme* (\"siá-sit-phài ê têng-á\"), mā tī 1867 nî ê Phok-lám-hōe siat in ka-tī ê su-jîn ōe-tián. Chit chūn hō͘ Monet sán-seng khui-siat in-ê sin tián-lám ê siūⁿ-hoat.\n\n1874 nî 4 goe̍h 15 tián-lám-hōe khai-bō͘, Monet tián chhut i ōe siá Le Havre hái-kháu ê chok-phín *Ìn-siōng, ji̍t-chhut*. Put-jî-kò tī 1873 nî Salon sêng-kong tián-chhut ê Manet, hòng-khì chham-ka pún kái tiám-liám. \"Ìn-siōng-phài\" ē-tàng kóng sī chit chūn sán-seng ê kiò-hoat, tong-sî pêng-lūn-chiá kóng ē-tàng kiò chia-ê ōe-ka sī Ìn-siòng-phài, phoe-phêng in \"m̄-sī teh ōe hong-kéng, sī teh ōe hóng-kéng sán-seng ê kám-kak.\"\n\nThâu pái tiám-lám tī chāi-bū siōng chin si̍t-pāi, chō-sêng chi̍t po͘-hūn chham-ka-chiá liáu-chîn. Chóng-sī in óa-ná î-chhî chhòng-chok, jî-chhiá ùi 1876 nî koh tī choan-bûn chò Ìn-siōng-phài seng-lí ê Paul Durand-Ruel ê gē-lông kí-pān ōe-tián; 1877 nî, in khai-sí hō ka-tī ê tián-lám sī \"Ìn-siōng-phài Tián-lám-hōe\" (*L'Exposition des impressionnistes*). Sòa--lo̍h-lâi tī 1879 nî chì 1882 nî kan, kiam 1886 nî, lóng kè-sio̍k tián-lám jî-chhiá ū thàn-chîⁿ, chóng-sī chìn-chêng khai-siat ōe-tián ê ōe-ka bô lóng ta̍k pái chham-ka. Siāng bóe kái, mā sī tē 8 kái ê Ìn-siōng-phài tián-lám tī 1886 nî kí-hêng, kàu chit chūn Ìn-siōng-phài ōe-ka í-keng bô su-iàu koh chhiūⁿ kòe-khì á-ne ha̍p-chok--ah.\n\nHō͘-Ìn-siōng-phài\n-----------------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Hō͘-Ìn-siōng-phài\nTāi-khài tī 1886 nî í-āu, cho͘-chit oa̍h-tāng ê Ìn-siōng-phài ūn-tōng thiah sòaⁿ, chìn-ji̍p liáu Hō͘-Ìn-siōng-phài (\"Ìn-siōng-phài kòe-āu\") ê sî-kî, it-ti̍t kè-sio̍k kàu beh 1906 nî, Cézanne kòe-sin hit tang.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n### Su-chì\n\n* Powell-Jones, Mark; Cooper, Philip (1994). *Impressionism*. Phaidon Press. ISBN 0-681-46300-7.\n* Beckett, Wendy; Wright, Patricia (1994). *Sister Wendy's Story of Painting*. London: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 0-7513-0133-7.\n* Sturken, Marita; Cartwright, Lisa (2001). *Practices of Looking: An Introduction to Visual Culture*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-874271-1.\n* Hauser, Arnold (1999). *The Social History of Art, Volume IV. Naturalism, Impressionism, The Film Age*. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-19948-4.\n\n### Chù-kha\n\n1. ↑ Powell-Jones & Cooper 1994, pp. 5–6\n2. ↑ Powell-Jones & Cooper 1994, pp. 6–8\n3. ↑ Beckett & Wright 1994, p. 282\n4. ↑ Powell-Jones & Cooper 1994, pp. 8–9\n5. 1 2 Powell-Jones & Cooper 1994, pp. 9–10\n6. ↑ Powell-Jones & Cooper 1994, p. 10\n7. ↑ Sturken & Cartwright 2001, p. 118\n8. ↑ Powell-Jones & Cooper 1994, p. 12\n9. ↑ Powell-Jones & Cooper 1994, pp. 13–14\n10. 1 2 Powell-Jones & Cooper 1994, p. 15\n11. ↑ Hauser 1999\n12. ↑ Powell-Jones & Cooper 1994, pp. 15–16\n13. ↑ Hauser 1999, p. 114","meta":{"title":"Ìn-siōng-phài","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[831,8791,0.09452849505175748],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":10324}} -{"text":"**Ìn-nî-gí** (*Bahasa Indonesia*) sī Tang-lâm-a kok-ka Ìn-nî ê koan-hong gí-giân, sǹg sī Má-lâi-gí ê chi̍t-ê siū kui-hoān ê hêng-sek. Ìn-nî-gí mā sī Lâm-tó gí-giân ê chi̍t hūn-chú, ū tāi-iok 1700 bān ê chāi-tē sú-iōng-chiá; thong-sè-kài koh ū 2 ek lâng ē-hiáu chit khoán gí-giân.\n\nBûn-jī hē-thóng\n---------------\n\nÌn-nî-gí ēng Lô-má-jī lâi siá, it-poaⁿ ho͘-im kap tàu-jī chin tùi-tâng.\n\n### Jī-bó\n\nÌn-nî-gí ê jī-bó-hē chhái-ēng ki-pún ê 26-ê jī-bó.\n\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| **Tōa-pún-jī** |\n| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |\n| **Sió-pún-jī** |\n| a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z |\n\nÌn-nî-gí tùi jī-bó ê hō-miâ, sī tòe Hô-lân-gí jī-bó-hē kiâⁿ. Ìn-nî-gí ê jī-bó-hē sī chi̍t khoán im-sò͘-sek chiàⁿ-jī-hoat (*phonemic orthography*), in ê tan-jī sī chiàu ho͘-im tàu-jī, taⁿ ū chió-hūn bô chiàu-lē. Jī-bó Q, V, kap X sī hán tit ēng--ê, chú-iàu sī ēng ùi chioh-jī (gōa-lâi-gí).\n\n| Jī-bó | Hō-miâ (kì IPA) | Ho͘-im (kì IPA) | Gōa-gí tùi-tâng |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Aa | *a* (/a/) | /a/ | **a**, ná **a**-pah |\n| Bb | *bé* (/be/) | /b/ | **b**, ná a-**b**ú |\n| Cc | *cé* (/t͡ʃe/ ia̍h /se/) | /t͡ʃ/ | **ch**, ná Eng-gí ê **ch**eck |\n| Dd | *dé* (/de/) | /d/ | **d**, ná Eng-gí ê **d**ay |\n| Ee | *é* (/e/) | /e/ | **e**, ná sa-t**e** |\n| Ff | *éf* (/ef/) | /f/ | **f**, ná Eng-gí e**f**fort |\n| Gg | *gé* (/ge/) | /ɡ/ | **g**, ná **g**ô-á |\n| Hh | *ha* (/ha/) | /h/ | **h**, ná **h**ong |\n| Ii | *i* (/i/) | /i/ | **i**, ná s**i**n |\n| Jj | *jé* (/d͡ʒe/) | /d͡ʒ/ | **j**, ná Eng-gí ê **j**am |\n| Kk | *ka* (/ka/) | /k/ | **k**, ná **k**a-cho̍k |\n| Ll | *él* (/el/) | /l/ | **l**, ná **l**án-lâng |\n| Mm | *ém* (/em/) | /m/ | **m**, ná a-**m**á |\n| Nn | *én* (/en/) | /n/ | **n**, ná **n**è-sàng |\n| Oo | *o* (/o/) | /o/ | **o**, ná **o**-á |\n| Pp | *pé* (/pe/) | /p/ | **p**, ná **p**ah-hòe |\n| Qq | *ki* (/ki/) | /q/ | **q**, ná Eng-gí ê **q**ueen |\n| Rr | *ér* (/er/) | /r/ | Ná Se-pan-gâ-gí ê **rr**, chhiūⁿ pue**rr**o |\n| Ss | *és* (/es/) | /s/ | **s**, ná **s**óng |\n| Tt | *te* (/te/) | /t/ | **t**, ná **t**a-ke |\n| Uu | *u* (/u/) | /u/ | **u**, ná ti-t**u** |\n| Vv | *ve* (/ve/ ia̍h /fe/) | /v/ | **v**, ná Eng-gí ê **v**an |\n| Ww | *we* (/we/) | /w/ | **w**, ná Eng-gí ê **w**et |\n| Xx | *ex* (/ex/) | /ks/ | **x**, ná Eng-gí ê **x**ylophone |\n| Yy | *yé* (/je/) | /j/ | **y**, ná Eng-gí ê **y**arn |\n| Zz | *zet* (/zet/) | /z/ | **z**, ná Eng-gí ê **z**ebra |\n\nÌn-nî-gí ia̍h ū siang-jī-bó (*digraph*) ê koan-liām, in sī hông tòng-chò chi̍t-ê jī-bó leh sú-iōng:\n\n| Siang-jī-bó | Ho͘-im | Gōa-gí tùi-tâng |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| ai | /ai̯/ | **uy**, ná Eng-gí ê b**uy** |\n| au | /au̯/ | **ou**, ná Eng-gí ê **ou**ch |\n| oi | /oi̯/ | **oy**, ná Eng-gí ê b**oy** |\n| gh | /ɣ/ ia̍h /x/ | Ná Tek-gí ê **ch**, m̄-koh ū-siaⁿ |\n| kh | /x/ | **ch**, ná Eng-gí ê lo**ch** |\n| ng | /ŋ/ | **ng**, ná se**ng** |\n| ny | /ɲ/ | Ná Se-pan-gâ-gí ê **ñ**. |\n| sy | /ʃ/ | **sh**, ná Eng-gí ê **sh**oe |\n\nGoā-lâi-gí\n----------\n\nSiū tio̍h si̍t-bîn kap î-bîn ê éng-hióng, Ìn-nî-gí ū chin chē tùi kî-tha gí-giân chioh lâi ê sû-gí. Chhan-chhiūⁿ Hô-lân-gí goân-thâu ê goā-lâi-gí ū *polisi* (kéng-chhat), *wortel* (âng-chhài-thâu) téng-téng. Tùi Phû-tô-gâ-gí lâi-ê ū chhan-chhiūⁿ *sabun* (sap-bûn) kap *bola* (kiû). \n\nÌn-nî-gí mā ū chiâⁿ chē Hok-kiàn-ōe goân-thâu ê goā-lâi-gí, chhan-chhiūⁿ *mie* (mī), *lumpia* (lūn-piáⁿ), *teko* (tê-kó͘). Lēng-goā koh ū Hoân-gí lâi-ê chhan-chhiūⁿ *raja* (ông), *kaca* (kiàⁿ/po-lê); A-la-pek-gí lâi-ê *kitab* (chheh), *kamus* (sû-tián) téng-téng.\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\nWikipedia\nWikipedia ū ***Ìn-nî-gí*** ê pán-pún.\n\n\n\n1. ↑ \"Malay language, alphabets and pronunciation\". *www.omniglot.com*.","meta":{"title":"Ìn-nî-gí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1199,2588,0.4632921174652241],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4101}} -{"text":"Tī California ê iú-ki so͘-chhài.\n**Iú-ki lông-gia̍p** (有機農業) it-poaⁿ ê iau-kiû sī mài sú-iōng hoà-ha̍k ha̍p-sêng ê lông-io̍h, hoà-ha̍k ha̍p-sêng pûi-liāu, ki-in kái-chō seng-bu̍t, tōng-bu̍t kap si̍t-bu̍t seng-tióng tiâu-chiat-che téng-téng hui-thian-jiân bu̍t-chit ê lông-sán-phín seng-sán ka-kang kòe-têng. Iú-ki lông-gia̍p siong-koan piau-chún tī kok-chè-siōng ū to-iūⁿ-hoà ê hoat-tián, tān-sī chē-chē kok-ka ū chè-tēng siong-koan ê hêng-chèng thêng-sū he̍k-chiá choan-sio̍k ê hoat-lu̍t chìn-hêng kok-chū kéng-lāi thong-iōng ki-pún piau-chún ê it-tì-hoà kap hoat-chè-hoà, put-kò thong-siông kā siong-koan ê giām-chèng khang-khòe khai-hòng hō͘ keng-kòe jīm-chèng ê tē-saⁿ-hong cho͘-chit, kok-kok hêng-chèng ko-kò͘ kan-na chìn-hêng kok khoân-chiat ê kàm-tok. Siong-koan piau-chún ê lōe-iông ū chin toā thêng-tō͘ sī kin-kì Kok-chè Iú-ki Lông-gia̍p Ūn-tōng Liân-bêng, chi̍t ê tī 1972 nî sêng-li̍p, iû sè-kài kok-tē iú-ki lông-gia̍p cho͘-chit kiōng-tông cho͘-sêng ê kok-chè cho͘-chit.","meta":{"title":"Iú-ki lông-gia̍p","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,996,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1124}} -{"text":"Methane, CH4; iû sòaⁿ-tiâu kap kak-tō͘ kò͘-sêng ê kiat-kò͘-sek hián-sī 4 ê C-H σ kiān.\n**Iú-ki hòa-ha̍k** (有機化學; *organic chemistry*) sī chi̍t ê hòa-ha̍k ê hun-iá, hâm-kài chiam-tùi iú-ki hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t kap iú-ki bu̍t-chit ê kiat-kò͘, sèng-chit kap hoán-èng ê kho-ha̍k gián-kiù. Kiat-kò͘ ê gián-kiù pau-hâm chē-chē bu̍t-lí-ha̍k kap hòa-ha̍k hong-hoat lâi koat-tēng iú-ki hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t kap bu̍t-chit ê hòa-ha̍k sêng-hūn kap hòa-ha̍k-sek. Sèng-chit ê gián-kiù pau-hâm bu̍t-lí sèng-chit, hòa-ha̍k sèng-chit kap hoán-èng-sèng, mā liáu-kái iú-ki bu̍t-chit tī sûn-bu̍t-chit, iông-e̍k, hūn-ha̍p-bu̍t kap seng-sán kòe-têng tiong ê sèng-chit. Iú-ki hoán-èng ê gián-kiù pau-hâm thàu-kòe hòa-ha̍k ha̍p-sêng chè-pī bo̍k-phiau hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t (chhin-chhiūⁿ thian-jiân-bu̍t, io̍h-bu̍t, ko-hun-chú téng-téng) lâi thàm-thó in-ê hoān-ûi; leng-gōa mā tī si̍t-giām-sek kap lí-lūn kè-sǹg ê gián-kiù tiong chiam-tùi kò-pia̍t iú-ki bu̍t-chit ê hoán-èng-sèng chìn-hêng gián-kiù.\n\nTī iú-ki hòa-ha̍k léng-he̍k tiong gián-kiù ê hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t ū thòaⁿ-hòa chúi-sò͘ (kan-nā ū thòaⁿ-sò͘ kap chúi-sò͘ ê hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t), iáu-koh ū hâm-iú thòaⁿ-sò͘ kap kî-thaⁿ goân-sò͘ ê chē-chē bu̍t-chit, te̍k-pia̍t sī chúi-sò͘, chit-sò͘, liû-hông, lîn (chia-ê goân-sò͘ chia̍p chhut-hiān tī seng-bu̍t thé-lāi ê hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t tiong) kap hòng-siā goân-sò͘ ló͘-sò͘. Chē-chē hiān-tāi gián-kiù kā gián-kiù ê chú-tê iân-sin kàu iú-ki kim-sio̍k (pau-hâm Lanthanum, m̄-koh chú-iàu sī kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k chhin-chhiūⁿ a-iân, tâng téng-téng).\n\nIú-ki hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t cho͘-sêng só͘-ū Tē-kiû sèⁿ-miā ê ki-pún, mā sī chē-chē siong-gia̍p sán-phín ê ki-chhó͘, pau-hâm io̍h-phín, chio̍h-iû hòa-ha̍k, lông-gia̍p hòa-ha̍k kap ùi in ka-kang seng-sán chhut-lâi ê sán-phín (chhin-chhiūⁿ jūn-ku̍t-che, iûⁿ-che, sok-ka, jiân-liāu, po̍k-chà-bu̍t téng-téng). Tio̍h chhan-chhiūⁿ tú-chiah kóng--ê, iú-ki hòa-ha̍k chham iú-ki kim-sio̍k hòa-ha̍k kap seng-hòa-ha̍k sio-thah, m̄-koh mā chham io̍h-bu̍t hòa-ha̍k, ko-hun-chú hòa-ha̍k, iáu-koh ū chē-chē hong-bīn ê châi-liāu kho-ha̍k sio-thah.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Hòa-ha̍k ê le̍k-sú\nTī 19 sè-kí chìn-chêng, hòa-ha̍k-ka it-poaⁿ jīn-tēng kóng lâi-chū sèⁿ-miā-thé ê hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t chham seng-khì la̍t ū koan-hē; kā in chham bû-ki hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t chò chi̍t ê khu-pia̍t. 19 sè-kí téng pòaⁿ-ia̍p, chi̍t-kóa ū-koan iú-ki hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t ê hē-thóng-sèng gián-kiù pī hoat-piáu. 1816 nî chó-iū, Michel Chevreul chiam-tùi ùi kok-chióng jī-nn̂g kap a-kha-lih ha̍p-sêng lâi ê sap-bûn chìn-hêng gián-kiù. I kā chē-chē chióng sng chham a-kha-lih hoán-èng lâi ha̍p-sêng sap-bûn. 1828 nî, Friedrich Wöhler ēng \"bû-ki-bu̍t\" châi-liāu lâi ha̍p-sêng \"iú-ki-bu̍t\" jiō-sò͘, iā chiū sī hiān-kim só͘ kóng--ê Wöhler ha̍p-sêng.\n\n1856 nî, William Henry Perkin tī seng-sán quinine ê kòe-têng tiong ì-gōa ha̍p-sêng iú-ki ní-liāu, mauveine. I-ê hoat-hiān, thàu-kòe mauveine ê sêng-kong, tōa-tōa thê-seng iú-ki hòa-ha̍k ê siū-koan-chù-tō͘.\n\n1858 nî, Friedrich August Kekulé kap Archibald Scott Couper hoat-tián hòa-ha̍k kiat-kò͘ ê kài-liām; che sī iú-ki hòa-ha̍k gián-kiù ê tiōng-iàu chìn-tián.\n\nGián-kiù\n--------\n\nSèng-chit\n---------\n\nHō-miâ\n------\n\nLūi-pia̍t\n---------\n\nIú-ki hoán-èng\n--------------\n\nIú-ki hoán-èng sī hâm-iú iú-ki hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t ê hòa-ha̍k hoán-èng. Chē-chē iú-ki hoán-èng lóng hām koaⁿ-lêng-ki ū koan-hē. Ki-pún ê hoán-èng lūi-pia̍t ū ka-thiam hoán-èng, thoat-lī hoán-èng, tì-ōaⁿ hoán-èng, choán-ūi hoán-èng kap sng-hòa hoân-goân hoán-èng téng-téng.\n\nIú-ki ha̍p-sêng\n---------------\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. 1 2 3 Clayden, J.; Greeves, N. and Warren, S. (2012) *Organic Chemistry*. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–15. ISBN 0199270295.\n2. ↑ Elschenbroich, C. (2006) *Organometallics* 3rd Ed. Wiley-VCH\n3. ↑ Morrison, Robert T.; Boyd, Robert N. and Boyd, Robert K. (1992) *Organic Chemistry*, 6th ed. Benjamin Cummings.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* MIT.edu, OpenCourseWare: Organic Chemistry I\n* HaverFord.edu, Organic Chemistry Lectures, Videos and Text\n* Organic-Chemistry.org, Organic Chemistry Portal – Recent Abstracts and (Name)Reactions\n* Orgsyn.org, Organic Chemistry synthesis journal\n* Khanacademy.org, Khan Academy - Organic Chemistry\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nHòa-ha̍k ê hun-iá |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Seng-bu̍t hun-chú ê lia̍t-toaⁿ · Bû-ki hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t ê lia̍t-toaⁿ · Iú-ki hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t ê lia̍t-toaⁿ · Goân-sò͘ chiu-kî-pió |\n| |\n| Bu̍t-lí hòa-ha̍k | Hòa-ha̍k jia̍t-le̍k-ha̍k · Hòa-ha̍k tōng-le̍k-ha̍k · Hòa-ha̍k bu̍t-lí-ha̍k · Jia̍t-hòa-ha̍k · Tiān-hòa-ha̍k · Hui-bió hòa-ha̍k · Tē-kiû hòa-ha̍k · Kng-hòa-ha̍k · Kò͘-thé hòa-ha̍k · Liōng-chú hòa-ha̍k · Kng-phó͘-ha̍k · Piáu-bīn kho-ha̍k |\n| |\n| Iú-ki hòa-ha̍k | Seng-bu̍t hòa-ha̍k · Seng-bu̍t iú-ki hòa-ha̍k · Seng-bu̍t bu̍t-lí hòa-ha̍k · Hòa-ha̍k seng-bu̍t-ha̍k · Io̍h-bu̍t-ha̍k · Io̍h-bu̍t hòa-ha̍k · Sîn-keng hòa-ha̍k · Bu̍t-lí iú-ki hòa-ha̍k · Ko-hun-chú hòa-ha̍k |\n| |\n| Bû-ki hòa-ha̍k | Seng-bu̍t bû-ki hòa-ha̍k · Kim-sio̍k iú-ki hòa-ha̍k · Goân-chú-chhok hòa-ha̍k · Phòe-ūi hòa-ha̍k · Châi-liāu kho-ha̍k · He̍k-chú hòa-ha̍k · Hòng-siā hòa-ha̍k |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ ê hun-iá | Hun-sek hòa-ha̍k · Thian-thé hòa-ha̍k · Tiám-kek hòa-ha̍k · Kè-sǹg hòa-ha̍k · Thài-iông-hē hòa-ha̍k · Khôan-kéng hòa-ha̍k · Le̍k-sek hòa-ha̍k · Chhiau-hun-chú hòa-ha̍k · Lí-lūn hòa-ha̍k · Sip-hòa-ha̍k |\n| |\n| **Hòa-ha̍k chú-tê** |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85023022\n* GND: 4043793-0\n* BNF: cb11936102w (data)\n* NDL: 00574472\n* NKC: ph115600\n* BNE: XX524888\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Iú-ki hòa-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1760,5257,0.33479170629636673],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6395}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Sam-pan |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Hî-bó (tò-chhiú-pêng), hî-kang (chiàⁿ-chhiú-pêng) |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Actinopterygii |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Perciformes |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Anabantidae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Macropodus* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***M. opercularis*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Macropodus opercularis***(Linnaeus, 1758) |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Sam-pan** sī Tâi-oân gôan-seng ê tàu-hî, iū-koh hō-chò **sam-pan-niû**, **kài-pan**, **kài-pan tàu-hî**, **teng-pan**, **tiong-pan**, **kî-lîn-hî**. Seng-o̍ah hōan-ûi pau-koat Tâi-oân, Tiong-kok, Liû-kiû, Oa̍t-lâm, Hân-kok téng-téng ê Tang-a-chiu kok-ka.\n\nGôan-té sam-pan tī Tâi-oân chin chē só͘-chāi lóng ū, m̄-koh in-ūi kang-gia̍p u-jiám kap to͘-chhī khai-hoat, tì-sú sam-pan sò͘-liōng kiám-chió. Hiān-chú-sî í-keng sī lia̍t-ji̍p pó-io̍k-lūi ê hî-á.\n\n| Sam-pan tàu-hî ki-pún chu-liāu |\n| --- |\n| Sio̍k-miâ | Sam-pan-niû, kài-pan, teng-pan, tiong-pan, kî-lîn-hî |\n| Chhùn-chhioh | 10 cm |\n| Un-tō͘ | 16-27 °C |\n| Chúi-chit | pH 6.0-8.0 |\n| Si̍t-bu̍t | Cha̍p-si̍t-sèng |\n| Siū-bēng | Kang: 3-6 nî\nBó: 2-3 nî |\n\nSi̍p-sèng\n---------\n\nSam-pan kòan-sì tī kē hái-po̍at ê ô·, chúi-tî, kap tiū-á chhân-hōaⁿ-piⁿ chit-khóan chúi-liû un-hô, a̍h-sī oân-chôan bô chúi-liû ê só·-chāi. Sui-bóng tī chèng-siông ê khôan-kéng, sam-pan sek-ha̍p ê chúi-un chha-put-to tī 16-27 °C tiong-kan, m̄-koh sam-pan chin ē-tàng jím-siū bái ê khôan-kéng, to̍h sǹg sī 4-38 °C ê chúi-un iû-gôan ē-sái o̍ah--lo̍h-lâi.\n\nSam-pan ê chia̍h-mi̍h chú-iàu sī phû-iû seng-bu̍t, chúi--nih ê báng-thâng, kap chó-lūi. Kin-kù gián-kiù, 1-chiah sêng-liân ê sam-pan-hî, ē-tàng tī 1-kang lāi chia̍h-tiāu 304 chiah ê chúi-chhi, só͘-í tùi báng-thâng ê hông-tī ū chin tōa ê hāu-lêng.[*bô chhut-chhù*]\n\nBê-kiong khì-koan\n-----------------\n\nKap it-poaⁿ ê tàu-hî kāng-khóan, sam-pan mā ū 1-ê chin te̍k-sû ê chhóan-khùi hē-thóng, hō͘-chò bê-khì, ì-sù sī hêng-thé chhin-chhiūⁿ bê-kiong ê khì-koan (Labyrinth organ).\n\nBê-khì téng-bīn ū chin chē iù-hoeh-kńg, sī 1-ê têng-têng tha̍h-tha̍h ê cho͘-chit. Bê-khì tī-leh hî-chhi ê téng-kôan, ba̍k-chiu ê āu-piah. Chit-chióng te̍k-sû ê khì-koan, hō͘ sam-pan ē-tàng ti̍t-chiap suh chúi-bīn siōng ê khong-khì.\n\nSeⁿ-thòaⁿ hong-sek\n------------------\n\n### Tián-sī kap chiàn-tàu\n\n2 chiah hî-kang hō͘-siong tián-sī chhiàng-siaⁿ\nSam-pan kap it-poaⁿ ê tàu-hî kāng-khóan, lóng ū tē-he̍k-sèng, iā chiū-sī ū tē-pôaⁿ koan-liām. Hî-kang tú-tio̍h hî-kang ê sî, ē seng hō͘-siong tián-sī (Eng-gí: display). Chioh-tio̍h chit-chióng hong-sek, phòaⁿ-tōan tùi-hong ê si̍t-le̍k.\n\n2 chiah hî-kang iōng chhùi sio-kā\nHî-kang tú-tio̍h hî-bó ê sî, kāng-khóan ē ū tián-sī ê hêng-ûi. M̄-koh che m̄-sī ūi-tio̍h beh chiàn-tàu, sī ūi-tio̍h beh tián hō͘ hî-bó khòaⁿ, ín-khí hî-bó ê chù-ì.\n\nHî-kang hō͘-siong tián-sī liáu-āu, ū-tang-sî-á tio̍h ē khai-sí tián-khui ke̍k-lia̍t ê chiàn-tàu. In iōng chhùi hō͘-siong kā-tiâu--leh, hàiⁿ-tōng seng-khu, beh kā tùi-hong ián hō͘ tó.\n\nIn-ūi sam-pan su-iàu lī-iōng bê-khì ti̍t-chiap suh khong-khì, m̄-koh sio-phah sio-kā ê sî bô-hoat-tō͘ iōng chhùi ōaⁿ-khì, tì-sú-tio̍h khiàm-khoat sng-sò͘(oxygen). Só͘-í sam-pan sio-kā kah chi̍t-pòaⁿ, tio̍h-ài chiām-sî hiu-peng, siang-hong phû chiūⁿ chúi-bīn ōaⁿ-khì liáu-āu chiah koh kè-sio̍k.\n\nHî-kang sio-phah ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ: \n\n### Kau-bóe\n\nTú seng-liáu ê nn̄g, iû hî-kang kā nn̄g khǹg ji̍p-khì pho-siū\nHî-kang pó-hō· nn̄g kap pho-sūi\nSam-pan ê hî-kang ē tī chúi-bīn-siōng phû-chúi-sèng ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ (chúi-phiô, chúi-chháu, lak-hio̍h... téng-téng) piⁿ-á thò͘ pho, kiàn-li̍p pho-siū (*bubble net*).\nPho-siū kiàn-li̍p liáu-āu, hî-kang ē hiòng hî-bó tián-sī, kiû-ài. Nā-sī hî-bó chiap-siū hî-kang, to̍h ē khai-sí chìn-hêng kau-bóe (copulation).\n\nHî-kang iōng sin-khu kā hî-bó kho͘--leh, hō͘ hî-bó pàng-nn̄g. Hî-kang 1-pêng hō͘ nn̄g ū-hêng (siū-cheng), 1-pêng iōng chhùi kā nn̄g khioh--khí-lâi, khǹg ji̍p-khì pho-siū lāi-té. Jiân-āu hî-kang ē khai-sí kò͘ siū, pau-koat hî-bó chāi-lāi ê hî-á lóng bē-tàng óa-kīn.\n\nSam-pan kau-bóe ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ: \n\n### Sêng-tióng\n\nKeng-kòe 1~2 kang ê sî-kan, hî-nn̄g ê sek-tì ē piàn khah chhim, piáu-sī hî-kiáⁿ tit-beh chhut-sì. Chi̍t-khai-sí hî-kiáⁿ iáu-koh bô siû-chúi ê lêng-le̍k, kan-na ē-tàng óa-khò tī pho-siū ah sī chi̍t-kóa-á phû-chúi-sèng ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ piⁿ--á. Hî-kang ē iōng chhùi kā tîm-lo̍h-chúi ah sī khì hō· chúi lâu--khì ê hî-kiáⁿ kâm--tńg-lâi, khǹg tńg-khì pho-siū lāi-té.\n\n* Tng-beh chhut-sì ê hî-kiáⁿ\n* Tú-á chhut-sì ê hî-kiáⁿ\n* Hî-kang ē chhiàu-kò· kap pó-hō· hî-kiáⁿ\n* 0.5 cm ê hî-kiáⁿ\n* 1 cm ê hî-kiáⁿ\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Macropodus opercularis*** |","meta":{"title":"Sam-pan","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[639,4268,0.14971883786316775],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5288}} -{"text":"Margarine, which can contain trans fat.\n\n| Types of fats in food |\n| --- |\n| * Saturated fat\n* Unsaturated fat\n\t+ Monounsaturated fat\n\t+ Polyunsaturated fat\n |\n| \nComponents |\n| * Fatty acid\n\t+ Omega−3\n\t+ Omega−6\n\t+ Omega-7\n\t+ Omega-9\n* Triglyceride\n* Cholesterol\n |\n| \nManufactured fats |\n| * Fat hydrogenation\n\t+ Huán-sik pán-lâ-sng\n* Fat interesterification\n |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n**Tùi-hoán-pêng lâ-sng** (**tùi-hoán-pêng chí-hông-sng**) sī 1 khoán tùi-hoán-pêng (*trans*) siang-têng kiat-ha̍p (*double bond*) ê bô-pá-kek lâ-sng (chí-hông-sng). Tùi-hoán-pêng lâ-sng tī tāi-chū-jiân ū tè chhoē, m̄-koh toā-hūn sī jîn-kang chè-chō ê hui-thian-jiân sán-phín, tī chē-chē si̍t-phín ê chè-chō koè-têng lóng ē khì ēng--tio̍h. Sui-bóng í-chá jīn-ûi tùi-hoán-pêng lâ-sng chia̍h--lo̍h-khì tùi lâng bô hāi, bo̍k-chêng ê kho-ha̍k gián-kiù khah chē jīn-ûi ū hāi. Chú-iàu sī ē chō-chiâⁿ tōng-me̍h ngē-hoà kiam koan-sim-chōng-pēⁿ. Hiān-chú-sî ū koá kok-ka koán-chè tùi-hoán-pêng lâ-sng ê sú-iōng. Tan-be̍h chū 2003 nî khai-sí kìm-iōng.\n\nTùi si̍t-phín ê lō͘-iōng\n------------------------\n\nTùi-hoán-pêng lâ-sng ê toā-liōng sú-iōng bô pah-nî kú. Tek-kok hoà-ha̍k-ka Wilhelm Normann tī 1902 nî the̍h tio̍h i hoat-bêng ê (*hydrogenation*) koè-têng ê choan-lī. 1909 nî Bí-kok ê si̍t-phín kong-si Procter & Gamble the̍h tio̍h kok-lāi ê koân-lī. 1911 nî khai-sí hêng-siau (*hydrogenated*) ê chhài-se iû (*vegetable oil*), hō chò Crisco.\n\nHiān-chú-sî tī chē-chē si̍t-phín sán-gia̍p, *hydrogenated* ê chhài-se iû í-keng chhú-tāi thoân-thóng ê thian-jiân iû kap tōng-bu̍t lâ (pí-lūn kóng bá-tah). Chit ê chêng-hêng tī sok-si̍t sán-gia̍p te̍k-pia̍t thiat-té. Ka-kang koè ê si̍t-phín chin chē ū tùi-hoán-pêng lâ-sng, pau-koah chhit-tô-chia̍h (*snack foods*), chìⁿ--ê kap hang ê chia̍h-mi̍h, khí-so͘-iû (*shortening*), jîn-chō gû-iû (*margarine*). Hó-chhù pau-koah: *Partial hydrogenation* koè ê si̍t-phín khah hó pó-chûn, bī khah ún-tēng. Hâm tùi-hoán-pêng lâ-sng ê iû phēng thian-jiân iû pí-kàu ke chin sio̍k. Koh, si̍t-phín kong-si ē-tit kin-kù su-iàu, siat-kè lâ-sng ê pí-lē, thèng-hó hō͘ i tī sek-un tēng-tēng, m̄-koh kâm tī chhùi-lāi koh ē iûⁿ--khì.\n\nTùi lâng sin-thé ê éng-hióng\n----------------------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nŪ tī-tāi ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n--------------------\n\n* Kāng-pêng lâ-sng (*cis fatty acid*)","meta":{"title":"Tùi-hoán-pêng lâ-sng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[267,2102,0.12702188392007613],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2622}} -{"text":"\nFlorida Chiu ê tâm-chúi-tē\n**Tâm-chúi-tē** sī thô͘ sî-siông tī chúi-pá-ha̍p ê chōng-thài, tē-piáu tn̂g-kî he̍k-chiá chiām-sî chek-chúi. Tī chit-khoán ê tē-tōaⁿ ē seⁿ sip-seng kah chiáu-seng ti̍t-bu̍t; Ē ū nî-thòaⁿ lia̍p-chek, he̍k-chiá sī bô nî-thòaⁿ lia̍p-chek, m̄-koh ū chiâm-io̍k chân ê chêng-hêng. Tâm-chúi-tē sī Tâm-tē ê chhù-kip hun-lūi tan-ūi, m̄-koh ū ka-kī to̍k-te̍k ê te̍k-teng.\n\nTâm-chúi-tē it-tēng ài ū ê saⁿ ê sio chè-iok ê te̍k-teng:\n\n1. Tē-piau ài ū chhián-chhián--ê chek-chúi he̍k-chiá sù-siông kòe-sip\n2. Thô͘-chân ū nî-thòaⁿ ê hêng-sêng\n3. Tē-piáu siōng ài seⁿ sip-seng he̍k-chiá sī tâm-chúi-tē ti̍t-bu̍t\n\n \n\nTâm-chúi-tē sī ti̍t-bu̍t seng-thài ián-thè ê kòe-têng; Sī chúi-thè hiòng lio̍k-tē chìn-hòa ê kai-tōaⁿ. Un-tō͘ nā sek-ha̍p ê sî, ti̍t-bu̍t ē thòaⁿ--khui, m̄-koh hun-kái ê sok-tō͘ bô-kàu kín ê sî-chūn tio̍h ē sú tâm-chúi-tē hoat-io̍k. Ti̍t-bu̍t si-thé nā-sī ti̍t-ti̍t lia̍p-chek, ē piàn-chò nî-thòaⁿ. Chiong-kî-bóe tâm-chúi-tē ē thòe-hòa, piàn-sêng ta-chháu-po͘.\n\nLūi-hêng\n--------\n\nKin-kù ū nî-thòaⁿ hêng-sêng--bô ē-tàng hun-chò:\n\n* Chiâm-io̍k tâm-chúi-tē\n* Nî-thòaⁿ tâm-chúi-tē\n\nKin-kù tâm-chúi-tē hoat-io̍k ê kai-tōaⁿ ē-tàng hun-chò:\n\n**Kē-ūi tâm-chúi-tē** he̍k-chiá **Hù-êng-ióng tâm-chúi-tē**\n\nTē-piáu-chúi kah tē-hā-chúi ū-kàu chhiong-hun, nî-thòaⁿ hoe-hūn chhiau-kòe 18%: ti̍t-bu̍t su-iàu ê êng-ióng-hūn chiâⁿ kàu. Kî-tiong, sa-chháu kho ê ti̍t-bu̍t chiàm siōng chē.\n**Koân-ūi tâm-chúi-tē** he̍k-chiá **Pîn-êng-ióng tâm-chúi-tē**\nNî-thòaⁿ chân hoat-io̍k kah kēng-ku, chō-sêng tē-hā-chúi bô-hoat-tō͘ kiong-èng, kan-na ē-tàng khò kàng chúi. Ti̍t-bu̍t chiâⁿ khiàm êng-ióng-hūn: chia ê nî-thòaⁿ hoe-hūn bô chhiau-kòe 4%. Seⁿ tī chia ê ti̍t-bu̍t sī í nî-thòaⁿ chheⁿ-tî chi-lūi ê pîn-êng-ióng ti̍t-bu̍t ûi-chú.\n**Tiong-ūi tâm-chúi-tē** he̍k-chiá **Tiong-êng-ióng tâm-chúi-tē**\nChit-khoán tâm-chúi-tē tī téng-bīn hit nn̄g-khoán chi-kan. Kin-kù ti̍t-bu̍t ê lūi-hêng ē-sái kā hun-chò: chheⁿ-tî lūi, chháu lūi koh-ū chhiū lūi tâm-chúi-tē.\n\nEng-gí Miâ\n----------\n\nTī Eng-gí lāi-té: mire, bog, fen, marsh, swamp lóng sī leh kóng tâm-chúi-tē. M̄-koh lóng ū sió-khóa-á bô-kâng ê só͘-chāi. Mire só͘ chí ê sī nî-thòaⁿ tâm-chúi-tē; Bog só͘ chí ê sī ū sng-sèng ê nî-thòaⁿ tâm-chúi-tē; Fen só͘ chí ê sī ū khòng-bu̍t-chit ê nî-thòaⁿ tâm-chúi-tē; Marsh só͘ chí ê sī chháu lūi ê tâm-chúi-tē; Swamp só͘ chí ê sī chhiū-á lūi ê tâm-chúi-tē, mā ū-lâng kóng **làm-tē.**\n\nSeng-thài\n---------\n\nNî-thòaⁿ ē-tàng pó-chûn chin tōa-liōng ê chúi-hūn, thong-siông ū 89%-94% ê chúi. Sè-kài siōng ê tâm-chúi-tē ê khiām-chúi-liōng tāi-kài sī 11,470 li̍p-hng-kong-lí; Sī chiàm sè-kài chiáⁿ-chúi ê liōng chin chió chin chió.\n\nNā bó͘-chióng goân-in ín-khí tâm-chúi-tē tē-hā-chúi ê chúi-ūi seng-koân, tâm-chúi-tē ê hoān-ûi piàn tōa: tâm-chúi-tē tō-ē hoat-io̍k chò **ô͘-po̍h**; Nā tē-hā-chúi ê chúi-ūi kàng-kē ê sî-chūn, tâm-chúi-tē ê chúi tō ē-tàng choán-hòa chò tē-hā-chúi: tâm-chúi-tē ta--khì, tō ē hiòng chháu-á-po͘ kah chhiū-nâ ián-hòa.\n\nTâm-chúi-tē ê thô͘ lāi-té ū chin tōa-liōng--ê, tī kāu chúi chió khong-khì ê khoân-kéng tiong khah bē hun-kái--ê, iú-ki-bu̍t ê sí-thé. Tī bô nî-thòaⁿ ê tâm-chúi-tē ê thô͘ lāi-té ê hâm-liōng ū 10%-20%.\n\nTô͘\n---\n\n* \n* \n* \n* \n* \n* \n* \n*","meta":{"title":"Tâm-chúi-tē","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[290,3228,0.08983890954151177],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3720}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Ké-khó͘-koe |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Ké-khó͘-koe |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Sapindales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Sapindaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Cardiospermum* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***C. halicacabum*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Cardiospermum halicacabum***L. |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Ké-khó·-koe** (Hàn-jī: 假苦瓜; Hôa-gí: 倒地鈴; Eng-gí: balloon vine; ha̍k-miâ: *Cardiospermum halicacabum*) kui-sio̍k-î bû-hoān-chú-kho (Sapindaceae), sī to-nî-seng phih-phak-sèng he̍k-chiá phan-iân-sèng chháu-chit tîn-pún si̍t-bu̍t. Tī Tâi-oân i hun-pò· tī pêⁿ-tē kàu kē hái-poa̍t soaⁿ-khu, pak-pō· khah-chió khòaⁿ-kìⁿ. Phan-iân he̍k phih-phak seⁿ tī lō·-piⁿ, pha-hng-tē, chhiū-nâ piⁿ--á, he̍k ûi-chhiûⁿ-á. Kui-nî-thàu-tang lóng-ū khui-hoe. Kah-ì seng-tióng tiàm kui-kang ū ji̍t-thâu pha̍k ê só·-chāi.\n\nHêng-thāi\n---------\n\nKeng iù-iù-iù tn̂g-tn̂g-tn̂g ū kńg-chhiu. \n\nHio̍h-á sī 2-hôe 3-chhut ho̍k-hio̍h; hio̍h-á hun-lia̍t chò 3-ê kiò-chò sió-hio̍h, sió-hio̍h sī ke-nn̄g-hêng he̍k phi-chiam-hêng, ū koh chhim, koh chho· ê kì-á khí ê pian-iân.\n\nHoe ê pâi-lia̍t hêng-thāi sī chū-sàn-hoe-sū (*聚散花序*), ùi hio̍h-á hio̍h-pìⁿ ê kòe-hīⁿ-khang hia seⁿ--chhut-lâi; hoe-pān 4 hio̍h, pe̍h-sek; hoe ê ti̍t-kèng siāng-tōa ē-sái kàu 6 mm.\n\nKóe-chí sī sok-kó (*蒴果*), seⁿ-chò ke-nn̄g-hêng, ū 3 chōa lêng-kak, lāi-té khang-khang ná ke-kui. Chéng-chí sī o·-sek--ê, ū 1-jia̍h pe̍h-sek sim-hêng ê pan.\n\nTô͘\n---\n\n* Hoe\n* Chí\n* Châng\n* Cardiospermum halicacabum - Museum specimen","meta":{"title":"Ké-khó͘-koe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[259,1345,0.19256505576208177],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1759}} -{"text":"**Ìn-tō͘ kó͘-tián im-ga̍k** ê goân-khí-thâu, ē-tàng jiok khì kàu siōng-kó͘-chá ê keng-tián, iā tō-sī Ìn-tō͘-kàu thoân-thóng ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn: Vadas.Vedas kāng-cháng 4 pún chheh lāi-té ê 1 pún: Samaveda, ēng chiâⁿ tn̂g ê bûn-jī lâi kóng-tio̍h im-ga̍k. Ìn-tō͘ kó͘-tián im-ga̍k chi̍t-khí-khiàn sī ēng lâi pang-chān chē-siân--ê, in siong-sìn im-ga̍k thàu-koè hō-chò \"Kindalini\" ê chhiú-lō͘, bô-kāng-khoán ê mé-lō͘-tì (raga) tō ē khì éng-hióng bô-kāng-khoán ê chakra (sim-chêng iah lêng-liōng ê tiong-sim).\n\nÌn-tō͘ kó͘-tián im-ga̍k mā sī chū-lâi hoat-tián siōng ho̍k-cha̍p koh siōng ka-nn̂g ê im-ga̍k hē-thóng ê 1 ê, i chhin-chhiūⁿ Se-kok kó͘-tián im-ga̍k chi̍t-iūⁿ, mā kā peh-tō͘ im-têng hun-chò 12 ê poàⁿ-im, che tiong-kan ū 8 ê ki-pún im-hû: Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa. Kap Se-kok kó͘-tián im-ga̍k koh-iūⁿ ê só͘-chāi, sī Ìn-tō͘ kó͘-tián im-ga̍k sī chhái-iōng sûn-chèng-lu̍t (Se-kok kó͘-tián im-ga̍k sī chhái-iōng pêng-kin-lu̍t.)\n\nÌn-tō͘ kó͘-tián im-ga̍k goân-té sī tan-soân-lu̍t--ê, tiāⁿ the̍h chi̍t-toāⁿ kò͘-tēng ê mé-lō͘-tì chò ki-chhò lâi chìn-hêng, piáu-hiān-siōng, soân-lu̍t-tek te̍k-pia̍t tèng-kin tī raga, nā liâu-phah-tek tō tèng-kin tī tala.","meta":{"title":"Ìn-tō͘ kó͘-tián im-ga̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1177,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1346}} -{"text":"\nINTERPOL headquarters in Lyon\n**Kok-chè Hêng-sū Kéng-chhat Cho͘-chit** sù-siông kán-séng chò **Interpol**, iā tō sī i ê Eng-bûn \"*International Criminal Police Organization*\" ê kán-siá. I tī 1923 nî sêng-li̍p, tong-goân-chhoe sī hō-chò \"Kok-chè Hêng-sū Kéng-chhat Úi-oân-hoē\" (International Criminal Police Commission), āu--lâi tī 1956 nî kái-chò hiān-chhú-sî ê miâ. \"Interpol\" chit-ê kán-siá chū-pún sī beh chò siu tâng-soàⁿ-phoe ê ūi-chí--ê, boé--a chiah ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á sî-kiâⁿ--khí-lâi.\n\nTaⁿ chit-ê cho͘-chit sī thong-sè-kài tē-jī toā ê kok-chè cho͘-chit, kan-taⁿ khah su Liân-ha̍p-kok. Ē-kha sī Kok-chè Hêng-sū Kéng-chhat Cho͘-chit ê chi̍t-koá chu-sìn:\n\n* Chóng-pō͘ ūi-tì: Hoat-kok ê Lyon\n* Í-chá ê chóng-pō͘ ūi-tì: Paris hù-kīn ê Saint Cloud\n* Lóng-chóng ê hoē-oân: 184 kok-ka\n* 1 nî ê só͘-hùi: chhiau-koè 3 chheng-bān Au-goân. Hō͘ lóng-chóng ê hoē-oân kok lâi pun-pheⁿ.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nKok-chè Hêng-sū Kéng-chhat Cho͘-chit tī 1923 nî tiàm Tang-kok khai-sí ūn-chok, hit-tang-chūn sī hō-chò \"Kok-chè Hêng-sū Kéng-chhat Úi-oân-hoē\" (International Criminal Police Commission, ICPM). Tī Tē-jī chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn ê tiong-kan, Nazi Tek-kok chiàm Tang-kok, iā Kok-chè Hêng-sū Kéng-chhat Úi-oân-hoē chū-án-ne hō͘ Nazi khòng-chè, thè Nazi siu-chip chē-chē bô-kāng-khoán ê chu-sìn. Tāi-chiàn soah liáu-āu, Belgien, Hoat-kok, Skandinavia kap Eng-kok ê ko-kip kun-koaⁿ tùi i chò chám-jiân chē kái-kek, iā chit-ê cho͘-chit í sin ê khoán-sek kè-sio̍k ūn-chok.\n\nCho͘-chit\n---------\n\nKok-chè Hêng-sū Kéng-chhat Cho͘-chit Chóng Pì-su-chhù (The Interpol General Secretariat) tō sī cho͘-chit ê chóng-pō͘, tī cho͘-chit--ni̍h, siōng-toā ê thâu-lâng sī chóng-tiúⁿ (president), koh lâi sī 1 ê pì-su-tiúⁿ. 2001 nî ê sî, ū ùi 54 kok iok-kî-lio̍k 384 lâng tī pù-su-chhù choh-sit. Éng-pái in pān-kong sî-kan sī chá-khí 9 tiám kàu e-po͘ 5 tiám, m̄-koh taⁿ sī kui nî thàng thiⁿ 24 tiám-cheng lóng bô hioh. Kāng 2001 nî hit tang, Kok-chè Hêng-sū Kéng-chhat Cho͘-chit ū tàu tāi-pó͘ iah chhoē-tio̍h chha-put-to 1400 ê lâng, toā-pō͘-hūn sī choē-hoān.\n\nŪn-chok\n-------\n\nKok-chè Hêng-sū Kéng-chhat Cho͘-chit pêng bô chèng-tī-tek ê áⁿ-oá. Chí-iàu sī khan-sia̍p khah ke 1 ê kok-ka ê hoān-choē iah sū-kiāⁿ, i tō ē kài-ji̍p. Chiah-ê khè-suh pí-lūn:\n\n* Khióng-pò͘-chú-gī\n* Cho͘-chit hoān-choē\n* Hui-hoat ê io̍h-phín chè-chok\n* To̍k-phín kau-e̍k\n* Bù-khì cháu-chúi\n* Hoàn-sau\n* Sé-chîⁿ\n* Jî-tông sek-chêng\n* Kim-iông hoān-choē\n* Ko-kho-ki hoān-choē\n* Chèng-tī oai-ko\n\nKeng-koè chiah chē tang, Kok-chè Hêng-sū Kéng-chhat Cho͘-chit í-keng hoat-tián chhut i kang-chok ê chhiú-lō͘, i tī ta̍k-ê hoē-oân kok lóng ū 1 ê te̍k-pia̍t pān-kong-sek, miā hō-chò Kok-ka Tiong-iong Pān-kong-sek (National Central Bureau, NCB). Nā ū su-iàu ê sî, Kok-chè Hêng-sū Kéng-chhat Cho͘-chit tō ê kap chiah-ê pān-kong-sek liân-hê, lâi the̍h chu-sìn he̍k-chiá-sī chìn-hêng pit-iàu ê hêng-tōng. Tò-péng lâi khoàⁿ, chiah-ê tī ta̍k kok ê pān-kong-sek mā ē tāi-piáu hoē-oân kok kap Kok-chè Hêng-sū Kéng-chhat Cho͘-chit liân-hê thang chò cha-sûn iah iau-kiû hia̍p-chō͘.\n\nKok-chè Hêng-sū Kéng-chhat Cho͘-chit mā siu-chip toā-liōng koan-hē hoān-choē kap choē-hoān ê chu-sìn. Chhin-chhiūⁿ hui-hoat ê to̍k-phín kau-e̍k, phah-m̄-kìⁿ iā sī hō͘ lâng thau-the̍h ê hō͘-chiàu kap chhiam-chèng. Hoē-oân kok lóng ē-ēng-tit sú-iōng chiah-ê chu-sìn. Chit-ê cho͘-chit ê jîn-oân pêng bô ti̍t-chiap chhú-lí châ-sûn iah tiau-cha ê khang-khoè, i ê ūn-chok ki-pún-tek sī khò thàu-koè tī ta̍k-ê hoē-oân kok ê kéng-chhat.\n\nInterpol in culture\n-------------------\n\n* Kok-chè Hêng-sū Kéng-chhat Cho͘-chit khip-ín chok-ka kap tiān-iáⁿ kàm-tok ê chù-ì, tī chiaⁿ chē chheh, iáⁿ-hì kap tiān-sī liân-sio̍k-kio̍k--ni̍h chhut-hiān.\n\n* Ū 1 ê ga̍k-thoân mā hō-chò Interpol\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Kok-chè Hêng-sū Kéng-chhat Cho͘-chit ê koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām\n\n1. ↑\n2. ↑ \"General Regulations of the International Criminal Police Organization\" (PDF). *Interpol, Office of Legal Affairs*. 1956. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 7 February 2016 hőng khó͘-pih. 12 March 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter `|url-status=` ignored (help)","meta":{"title":"Kok-chè Hêng-sū Kéng-chhat Cho͘-chit","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1834,4793,0.3826413519716253],"infobox":["
    International Criminal Police Organization
    Organisation internationale de police criminelle
    Common name\nInterpol
    Abbreviation\nICPO-INTERPOL
    Motto\nConnecting police for a safer world
    Agency overview
    Formed\n1923 nî 9 goe̍h 7 ji̍t;​ 99 nî í-chêng​ (1923-09-07)
    Preceding agencies\n
    • First International Criminal Police Congress (1914)
    • International Police Conference (1922)
    • International Criminal Police Commission (1923)
    Employees\n1,050 (2019)
    Annual budget\n€142 million (2019)
    Jurisdictional structure
    International agency\n
    Countries\n195 member states
    \n
    \nMap of International Criminal Police Organization's jurisdiction
    Constituting instrument\n
    • ICPO-INTERPOL Constitution and General Regulations
    Operational structure
    Headquarters\nLyon, France
    Multinational agency\n
    Nationalities of personnel\n114 (2019)
    Agency executives\n
    Facilities
    National Central Bureaus\n195
    Notables
    Website
    \nwww.interpol.int \"Edit
    \n
    \n
    Languages (4)
    \n\n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4542}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Bé-oaⁿ-tîn |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Bé-oaⁿ-tîn ê hoe |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Solanales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Convolvulaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Ipomoea* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***I. pes-caprae*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Ipomoea pes-caprae***(L.) R.Br. 1818 |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Bé-oaⁿ-tîn** (Hàn-jī: 馬鞍藤; Eng-gí: Seahore vine morning glory; ha̍k-miâ: *Ipomoea pes-caprae*) mā kiò-chò **bé-oaⁿ-chháu**, **hāu-tîn**, he̍k **hāu-chhì**, kui-sio̍k-tī Soân-hoe-kho, Tâi-oân goân-seng-chéng, sī to-nî-seng, phih-phak-sèng bo̍k-chit tîn-pún si̍t-bu̍t. \n\nI kah-ì kui-kang ū ji̍t ê só͘-chāi, hun-pò͘ tī hái-piⁿ tē-khu, soa-pō͘ kap san-ô͘-chiau lóng-ū, ū-sî mā-ē chhut-hiān tī pêⁿ-tē chheⁿ-po͘. I kui-tang khui-hoe, m̄-koh pa̍k-pō͘ koâⁿ-thiⁿ sî bē khui-hoe. I tī soa-po͘ ē-sái kò͘-tēng hái-soa, ū liông-hó ê tēng-soa lêng-le̍k.\n\nHêng-thài\n---------\n\nKeng kim-ku̍t kng-seⁿ, sì-kè sô tn̂g-lò-lò, chat kan seⁿ-chhut put-tēng-kin. \n\nHio̍h-á tan-hio̍h hō͘-seng, kek-chit (革質), seⁿ tio̍h chhiūⁿ bé-oaⁿ, hio̍h-pèⁿ tām-po̍h-á âng-sek.\n\nHoe hó-chhin-chhiūⁿ lāu-á, hún-âng-sek, hoe-lāu-á lāi-bīn chí-âng-sek; ti̍t-kèng siāng-toā ē-sái ta̍t-kàu 65 mm; chū-sàn-hoe-sū (聚繖花序), ùi hio̍h-pèⁿ hun-ki hia hoat--chhut-lâi.\n\nKóe-chí sī sok-kó (蒴果), chhiūⁿ kiû-hêng.","meta":{"title":"Bé-oaⁿ-tîn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[209,1163,0.17970765262252794],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1545}} -{"text":"Lâm-oa̍t Bú-tè\n**Tiō Tô**(趙佗; Oa̍t-lâm-gí: Triệu Đà, ?  – chêng 137 nî ) sī Lâm-oa̍t-kok ê kiàn-kok kun-ông kah hông-tè, iáu-siū tn̂g-siū. Kòe-sin āu, sē-hō **Lâm-oa̍t Bú-tè**(南越武帝) kah **Lâm-oa̍t Bú-ông**(南越武王).\n\nTiong-kok Chîn tiâu boán-liân, Tiō Tô tam-jīm Liông-chhoan koāiⁿ-lēng. Lâm-hái-kūn kūn-ut Jīm Hiau(任囂) phòa-pīⁿ kòe-sin chêng, kā kūn-ut ê chit-bū kau-hō͘ Tiō Tô. Tiō Tô má-siōng kā Chîn tiâu Lâm-hái Kūn ê koaⁿ-goân lóng-chóng thâi-sí; chêng 203 nî, Lâm-oa̍t-kok chèng-sek kiàn-li̍p.\n\n| | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nLâm-oa̍t-kok (Triệu Tiâu) kun-chú |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Lâm-oa̍t Bú-tè → Lâm-oa̍t Bûn-tè → Lâm-oa̍t Bêng-ông → Lâm-oa̍t Ai-ông → Lâm-oa̍t Iông-ông |\n| |\n| Hùng Vương ·Thục Tiâu ·Triệu Tiâu ·Trưng Vương  · Bắc thuộc  · Chiân Lý Tiâu  · Tự chủ  · Ngô Tiâu (12 sứ quân)  · Đinh Tiâu  · Chiân Lê Tiâu  · Lý Tiâu  · Trần Tiâu  · Hồ Tiâu  · Hiō Lê Tiâu  · Mạc Tiâu  · Trịnh Chú  · Nguyễn Chú  · Tây Sơn Tiâu  · Nguyễn Tiâu |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Lâm-oa̍t Bú-tè","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[364,858,0.42424242424242425],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1119}} -{"text":"**Liân-ha̍p-chá-pò** (联合早报), sī Sin-ka-pho khah chú-iàu ê Hôa-bûn ji̍t-pò, chhut-pán-siong sī Sin-ka-pho Pò-gia̍p Khòng-kó· Kong-si. Liân-ha̍p-chá-pò ê chiân-sin sī \"Lâm-iûⁿ Siong-pò \"(南洋日报,1923 nî khai-sí pān pò) kah \"Seng-chiu Ji̍t-pò \"(星洲日报,1929 nî khai-sí pān pò). 1983 nî, chit nn̄g tiuⁿ láu-pâi ê pò-chóa chèng-sek ha̍p-pèng, kiōng-tông chhut-pán 1-tiuⁿ sin--ê pò-chóa, miâ kiò-chò \"Lâm-iûⁿ· Seng-chiu Liân-ha̍p Chá-pò \", kán-chheng hō·-chò \"**Liân-ha̍p-chá-pò** \".\n\nHoat-hêng sò·-liōng\n-------------------\n\nLiân-ha̍p-chá-pò ùi pài-it kàu-kah pài-la̍k, múi-kang hoat-hêng-liōng phó·-lio̍k 20-bān hūn, lé-pài sī 22-bān hūn. Tī in pún-kok Sin-ka-pho, tho̍k-chiá lâng-sò· khiā-sǹg to̍h ū 75-bān lâng. Che í-gōa, in tī Tiong-kok, Hiong-káng kah Bûn-lâi chiah-ê só·-chāi mā teh hoat-khan, put-jî-kò hoat-hêng ê sò·-bo̍k to̍h ke-chiâⁿ chió lo·h.\n\nBāng-lō·-pán\n------------\n\nÙi 1995 nî khai-sí, Liân-ha̍p-chá-pò to̍h lâi khai-thong bāng-lō·-pán. Kàu-taⁿ ûi-chí, tit-tio̍h chôan sè-kài bē-chiò Hôa-jîn tho̍k-chiá ê kah-ì, lâi khòaⁿ tiān-chú-pán ê lâng 1-kang pí 1-kang khah chē. Bo̍k-chiân, \"zaobao.com\" (che sī tī tiān-chú-pán ê ki-chhó· siōng hoat-tián--khí-lâi-ê) í-keng chiâⁿ-chò Liân-ha̍p-chá-pò chú-iàu ê sin-bûn gôan-thâu.\n\nKoan-tiám\n---------\n\nLiân-ha̍p-chá-pò hō· lâng kong-jīn sī \"sò·-chit kôan, hū chek-jīm, pò-tō khek-koan, giân-lūn kong-chèng, khó-sìn-tō· kôan\" ê pò-chóa. I tùi Tiong-kok ê hoat-tián phāu-chhî chek-ke̍k ê thài-tō·, tī chôan-kîu hôa-jîn tang-tiong, ū put-chí-á kôan ê phêng-kè kah kháu-pi.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* www.zaobao.com (Liân-ha̍p-chá-pò koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām)","meta":{"title":"Liân-ha̍p Chá-pò","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[56,1564,0.03580562659846547],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1841}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Mo͘-se-hoan-liân |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Mo͘-se-hoan-liân ê hoe |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Malpighiales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Passifloraceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Passiflora* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***P. foetida*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Passiflora foetida***L. |\n|\n|\n|\n| Siâng-ì-miâ |\n| *Dysosmia ciliata* M.Roem.\n*Dysosmia fluminensis* M.Roem.\n*Dysosmia foetida* (L.) M.Roem.\n*Dysosmia gossypifolia* (Desv. ex Ham.) M.Roem.\n*Dysosmia hastata* (Bertol.) M.Roem.\n*Dysosmia hibiscifolia* (Lam.) M.Roem.\n*Dysosmia nigelliflora* (Hook.)M.Roem.\n*Granadilla foetida* (L.) Gaertn.\n*Passiflora baraquiniana* Lem.\n*Passiflora ciliata* Dryand. |\n\n**Mo͘-se-hoan-liân** (Hàn-jī: 毛西番蓮; Eng-gí: weed passion flower; ha̍k-miâ: *Passiflora foetida*), koh kiò-chò lêng-chu-kó (龍珠果), sī to-nî-seng bān-sèng he̍k phan-iân-sèng tîn-pún si̍t-bu̍t. Goân-pún seⁿ-tī Lâm-bí-chiu, chit-má tauh-tauh-á thoàⁿ khì sè-kài kò-tē. Tī Tâi-oân, i hun-pò͘ tī tiong-lâm-pō͘ pêⁿ-tē kàu kē-hái-poat soaⁿ-khu, seng-tióng tī lō͘-piⁿ iá-tē, ûi-lî he̍k hái-hoāⁿ soa-tē. Tī Tâi-oân, i-ê hoe-kî sī 2 goe̍h kàu 11 goe̍h. I kah-ì seⁿ-tī kui-kang ū ji̍t-thâu pha̍h--tio̍h ê só͘-chāi.\n\nHêng-thāi\n---------\n\nKui seng-khu seⁿ tn̂g 2~3 mm ba̍t-ba̍t-ba̍t ê pe̍h-sek chho͘-mo͘. Hio̍h-á sī tan-hio̍h, hō͘-seng. Hio̍h-á hêng-chōng sī ke-nn̄g-hêng, hun-chò 3 lia̍t, ū ba̍t-ba̍t ê mo·. Hio̍h-á-ki tn̂g-tn̂g, kńg-chhiu kap hoe ùi hio̍h-á-ki ê kòe-hiⁿ-khang seⁿ--chhut-lâi. \n\nHoe, tan-seng, ti̍t-kèng siang-toā ū 30 mm. Hoe-pān ū 5 phìn, hoe-go̍k mā 5 phìn, hoe-pān kap hoe-go̍k pêⁿ tōa-sè, lóng-sī pe̍h-sek. Lēng-goā koh-ū 1-lián pe̍h-sek he̍k ki-pō͘ chí-âng-sek si-soàⁿ-hêng ê hù-hoe-koan. Hiông-lúi 5 ki, chhû-lúi ê chū-thâu 3 ki hong-hiòng ǹg-hā. \n\nKiat ê koé-chí sī kiû-hêng ê chiuⁿ-kó, ti̍t-kèng tāi-iok 10 mm, sêng-se̍k liáu-āu pìⁿ kam-á-n̂g-sek.\n\nTô·\n---\n\n* koé-chí, iáu-bōe se̍k--e\n* koé-chí, se̍k--e\n* kui-châng\n* Passiflora foetida - Museum specimen","meta":{"title":"Mo͘-se-hoan-liân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[598,1759,0.33996588971006253],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2259}} -{"text":"Rudolf Clausius.\n**Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius** (1822 nî 1 goe̍h 2 ji̍t – 1888 nî 8 goe̍h 24 ji̍t) sī 19 sè-kí Tek-kok chi̍t-ūi tiōng-iàu-ê bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka kiam sò͘-ha̍k-ka, āu-sì-ê to-sò͘ ha̍k-chiá lóng jīn-ûi i chiū-sī khai-chhòng hiān-tāi jia̍t-le̍k-ha̍k ê tiong-sim jîn-bu̍t chi-it.\n\nClausius siōng tiōng-iàu-ê lūn-bûn sī i tī 1850 nî ê sî-chūn só͘ hoat-pió ê *On the Moving Force of Heat*; chit-phiⁿ mā sī bu̍t-lí-ha̍k ê le̍k-sú siōng, tē-it pái thê-chhut jia̍t-le̍k-ha̍k tē-jī tēng-lu̍t ê gián-kiù lūn-bûn. Jiân-āu, Clausius koh tī 1865 nî tēng-gī bu̍t-lí-ha̍k ê piàn-sò͘ entropy. 1870 nî, Clausius kiàn-li̍p virial tēng-lí tī jia̍t-le̍k-ha̍k siōng ê èng-iōng.\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Rudolf Clausius*** |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 36968732\n* LCCN: n85800208\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 0888 0610\n* GND: 116540486\n* SELIBR: 226887\n* SUDOC: 030892872\n* BNF: cb12221741z (data)\n* HDS: 041690\n* MGP: 124908\n* NLA: 35230052\n* NDL: 001148302\n* NKC: ola2002158980\n* ICCU: REAV096503\n* BNE: XX1460021\n* CiNii: DA03079368\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Rudolf Clausius","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[313,979,0.31971399387129723],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1267}} -{"text":"Sin-ka-pho ê Ìn-tō͘-biō.\n**Ìn-tō͘-kàu**, sè-kài siōng khah chú-iàu ê chong-kàu chi-it, sìn-tô͘ tih-beh chhiau-kòe 10.5-ek lâng (1993 nî kó͘-kè sò͘-jī), kan-na su hō͘ ū 15-ek sìn-tô͘ ê Ki-tok-kàu kah 11-ek sìn-tô͘ ê Bo̍k-su-lîm-kàu, sǹg sī sè-kài tē-3 tōa ê chong-kàu.\n\nKàu-gī\n------\n\nÌn-tō͘-kàu thàu-té iōng hit-pún tī kong-gôan-chêng 1500 nî siá--ê *Hūi-tô-keng* (《吠陀经》) chò kàu-gī. Tî-liáu che í-gōa, kok kàu-phài ôan-á lóng-ū ka-kī ê keng-bûn, iah hia-ê keng-bûn to̍h bô it-tēng kāng-khóan.\n\nCho·-chit\n---------\n\nHiān-chú-sî tī Ìn-tō͘, éng-hiáng siōng-kài tōa--ê cho͘-chit sī **Kok-bîn Chì-gōan Ho̍k-bū-thôan** kah **Sè-kài Ìn-tō͘-kàu Tāi-tông-hōe**. \n\nKok-bîn Chì-gōan Ho̍k-bū-thôan tī 1925 nî sêng-li̍p, chông-pài **Lô-mô͘-sin** (罗摩神), i ê khai-san-chó͘ sī Hái-tek-kek-ngóa (海德格瓦). \n\nSè-kài Ìn-tō͘-kàu Tāi-tông-hōe sī chin-chiàⁿ tōa-hêng ê Ìn-tō͘-kàu cho·-chit, sī In-tō͘-kàu kok phài-pia̍t ê liân-ha̍p-thé, sêng-li̍p tī 1964 nî, chòng-sí-jîn sī Kok-bîn Chì-gōan Ho̍k-bū-thôan ê thâu-lâng Ko-o̍at (高瓦克). Chit-ê cho͘-chit keng-kòe 30-kúi-nî ê hoat-tián, taⁿ í-keng chiâⁿ-chòe tōa-hêng ê chong-kàu liân-ha̍p chot-chit, lóng-chóng ū pah-gōa-ê phài-pia̍t kah 51-ê chí-tō-úi-ôan-hōe, chham sè-kài siōng 30-gōa-ê kok-ka ê In-tō͘-kàu cho·-chit pó-chhî liân-hē.","meta":{"title":"Ìn-tō͘-kàu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1260,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1464}} -{"text":"\n**Tn̂g-siâⁿ**, he̍k-chiá-sī kóng **Bān-lí Tn̂g-siâⁿ**, sī Tiong-kok kúi-ā tó͘ tn̂g-hêng siâⁿ-piah ê chóng-hō-miâ, khí-chō, têng-khí kap î-hō͘ ê sî-kan chin tn̂g, ùi kong-goân-chêng 5 sè-kí kàu kong-goân 16 sè-kí lóng ū toā-toā sè-sè ê kang-sū chìn-hêng, khí-chō ê bo̍k-tek sī beh pó-hō͘ ta̍k sî-tāi tī hiān-chhú-sî Tiong-kok ê tè-kok, thang phiah-bián pak-pêng bîn-cho̍k ê kong-ke̍k. \n\nTn̂g-siâⁿ m̄-nā 1 loa̍h niā-tiāⁿ, siōng-chá--ê ê nî-tāi thang chhiû kàu kong-goân-chêng 5 sè-kí, nā siōng-chhut-miâ--ê sī tī kong-goân-chêng 220 kàu 200 nî, Chîn-sú-hông só͘ hā-lēng khí-chō ê hit-toāⁿ tn̂g-siâⁿ, hit-tang-chūn khí--ê, kap hiān-chhú-sî khah chiâu-chn̂g ê pō͘-hūn pí--khí-lâi, tī-leh ê só͘-chāi koh khah pak-pêng, m̄-koh kó͘-chá ê tn̂g-siâⁿ taⁿ í-keng chhun bô joā chē--a. Bo̍k-chêng khah chiâu-chn̂g ê tn̂g-siâⁿ, sī Tāi-bêng Tè-kok khí-chō lâu--lo̍h-lâi--ê. Tn̂g-siâⁿ sī thong-sè-kài siōng-tn̂g ê jîn-chō kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t, chha-put-to ū 6,400 kong-lí hiah-ni̍h tn̂g, kiâⁿ ê lō͘-soàⁿ iok-lio̍k-á sī sūn Lāi Bông-kó͘ ê lâm-kîⁿ. Tn̂g-siâⁿ oān-nā sī chū chá kah taⁿ, jîn-lūi só͘ khí-chō ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t lāi-té, piáu-bīn-chek kap thé-chek siong-kài-toā--ê.","meta":{"title":"Tn̂g-siâⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[112,1297,0.08635312259059368],"infobox":["
    Bān-lí Tn̂g-siâⁿ
    UNESCO Sè-kài Ûi-sán
    \n
    Criteria\nbûn-hoà: i, ii, iii, iv, vi
    Reference\n438
    Inscription\n1987 nî (11 session)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1355}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Tn̂g-kak-lêng |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Arthropoda |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Insecta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Neuroptera |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chhiau-kho: | Myrmeleontoidea |\n| Kho: | **Ascalaphidae** |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| A-kho |\n| * Albardiinae\n* Ascalaphinae\n* Haplogleniinae\n |\n\n**Tn̂g-kak-lêng** (Hàn-jī: 長角蛉; Eng-gí: owl-fly), koh hō-chò **tia̍p-kak-lêng** (蝶角蛉), kui-sio̍k-tī me̍h-si̍t-ba̍k (脈翅目; Neuroptera) tn̂g-kak-lêng-kho (長角蛉科; *Ascalaphidae*).\n\nTn̂g-kak-lêng seⁿ tit kah chhân-iⁿ chiok sêng--ê, chiâⁿ-chē lâng ē kā ngō·-jīm. I kap chhân-iⁿ siāng bêng-hián bô-kâng ê só·-chāi sī i ê chhio̍k-kak kap bóe-ia̍h-á--ê lūi-sū, seⁿ tit tn̂g-tn̂g, lóng-sī sio̍k-î kún-á-hêng he̍k chhiū-ki-hêng ê chhio̍k-kak. Tn̂g-kak-lêng ji̍t--sî bi̍h-tī chhiū-á-ki hioh-khún, mô·-hóng chò chhiū-á-ki, êng-àm-sî--á chiah poe chhut--lâi chhōe-chia̍h, chit-tiám mā kah chhân-iⁿ bô-kâng.","meta":{"title":"Tn̂g-kak-lêng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[181,785,0.23057324840764332],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1079}} -{"text":"**Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ ê gí-giân, gí-hoat, sû-lūi, pheng-im iah-sī bûn-jī hêng-sek khó-lêng ū su-iàu lán poah-kang tōa siu-kái.** \nChhiáⁿ chiam-tùi chit ê būn-tê thiam-tī thó-lūn-ia̍h kì gī-lūn. To-siā. \n\n| ?Lâm-lō͘-eng |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Pó-io̍k chōng-hóng |\n| 无危 |\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Aves |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Falconiformes |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Accipitridae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Butastur* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***B. indicus*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Butastur indicus***(Gmelin, 1788) |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Lâm-lō͘-eng** (ha̍k-miâ: *Butastur indicus*)，這咧叫法是彰化人號的，逐年清明時就有規陣的鷹對南爿飛來，順著彰化縣東爿的八卦山，一路向北飛去。\n\n賞鷹\n--\n\n彰化市的八卦山頭是有名的南路鷹看鳥所在，這是因為天頂不時有飛過的鷹，猶有下早時有一隻綴一隻踅玲瑯，愈飛愈高的起鷹，下晡時有中途欲飛落山頭歇睏的落鷹。\n\n參考資料\n----\n\n1. ↑ 連雅堂，臺灣通史，1918年","meta":{"title":"Lâm-lō͘-eng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[228,723,0.3153526970954357],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1020}} -{"text":"New York Liân-ha̍p-kok Chóng-pō͘ Liân-ha̍p-kok Tāi-hōe ê hōe-gī-thiaⁿ\n**Liân-ha̍p-kok Tāi-hōe** (聯合國大會) sī Liân-ha̍p-kok ê chú-iàu ki-kò͘ chi-it.\n\nLiân-ha̍p-kok Tāi-hōe iû só͘-ū Liân-ha̍p-kok ê sêng-ôan-kok chó͘-sêng, ta̍k nî tēng-kî kí-hêng chi̍t pái hōe-gī, ùi sêng-oân-kok tiong thui-soán chi̍t ūi tāi-hōe chú-sek, pēng iû pì-su-chhù hū-chek tiû-pī. Chú-sek sui-jiân ū tāi-hōe léng-siù ê miâ-gī, tān-sī si̍t-chè siōng i chip-chiáng kan-na ē chú-chhî gī-sū chìn-hêng ûi-chú; pì-su-tiúⁿ chiah sī si̍t-chè siōng Liân-ha̍p-kok cho͘-chit ê he̍k-sim jîn-bu̍t, thàu-kòe hia̍p-tiau kok-kok ê ì-kiàn, cho͘-chit kū-thé kang-chok í lo̍h-si̍t tāi-hōe koat-gī téng sū-bū, ē-sái tī kok-chè kan hoat-hui tiōng-tāi ê iáⁿ-hióng-la̍t.\n\nSui-jiân kok sêng-oân-kok tī tāi-hōe ê siū-koân, èng-kai sī Liân-ha̍p-kok hêng-sú kok-chinóg koat-gī ê koân-le̍k lâi-goân; m̄-koh si̍t-chè siōng, te̍k-pia̍t sī tī sia̍p-ki̍p tē-iân chèng-tī ê būn-tê siōng, An-chôan Lí-sū-hōe chiah sī chin-chiàⁿ ak ū koat-chhek koân-le̍k ê cho͘-chit. Chi̍t-ê bêng-hián ê lē sī, Liân-ha̍p-kok Pì-su-tiúⁿ chi̍t chit miâ-gī siōng sui-jiân iû tāi-hōe soán-kí sán-seng, si̍t-chè siōng tī pún kài tāi-hōe khui-gī chìn-chêng, sin jīm pì-su-tiúⁿ ê jîn-soán í-keng iû An-choân Lí-sū-hōe kok sêng-oân-kok kap kok tōa khu-he̍k cho͘-chit thàu-kòe hia̍p-siong sán-seng, tāi-hōe chí sī tī hêng-sek siōng phah-pho̍k-á thong-kòe niā-niā. Koh-khah pêng-siông ê chōng-hóng sī, keng tāi-hōe to-sò͘-koat ê koat-gī, keng-siông bô-hoat-tō͘ iok-sok An-chôan Lí-sū-hōe sêng-oân-kok ê hêng-ûi, iā bô-hoat-tō͘ té-khòng An-lí-hōe jīm-hô chi̍t ê siông-jīm lí-sū-kok ê hó͘ⁿ-koat.","meta":{"title":"Liân-ha̍p-kok Tāi-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1643,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1863}} -{"text":"**Hō͘-sòaⁿ** sī chi̍t lūi ū cha̍h hō͘-chúi ia̍h ji̍t-thâu lō͘-iōng ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ, kin-sè it-poaⁿ liû-hêng ê khoán-sek sī hâm chi̍t ki koáiⁿ kiam sì-ûi ki-kut ha̍p chò kui cho͘ hō͘-sòaⁿ-kut chi-chhî chi̍t phìⁿ ū cha̍h hō͘ ji̍t chok-iōng ê khàm-kòa.\n\nIōng-gí\n-------\n\nNā beh te̍k-pia̍t piáu-sī cha̍h ji̍t ê hō͘-sòaⁿ, thang kóng \"iông-sòaⁿ\" (陽傘) he̍k-chiá sī \"niû-sòaⁿ\" (涼傘). Chóng-sī Lán-lâng it-poaⁿ taⁿ ēng \"hō͘-sòaⁿ\" chò phó͘-thong iōng-gí.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nHō͘-sòaⁿ ū chiau-kòe 3000 tang ê le̍k-sú, kó͘-chá ū chong-kàu kap sîn-ōe sèng-chit ê siōng-cheng-sèng. Ai-ki̍p, Tiong-kok, Ìn-tō͘ sī chú-iàu koan-hē tio̍h chá-kî hō͘-sòaⁿ hoat-tián le̍k-sú ê só͘-chāi. Koh chhinc-hhiūⁿ tī chi̍t kóa só͘-chāi, pí-lūn Myanmar kap Siam-lô, hō͘-sòaⁿ hông tòng-chò sī kok-ông chú-khoân ê siōng-cheng-bu̍t.\n\n19 sè-kí Eng-kok khai-sí seng-sán kǹg-thih châi-chit ê hō͘-sòaⁿ-kut, tè-bé hoat-tián oa̍h-hiáⁿ ê hō͘-sòaⁿ kang-gia̍p, che mā piáu-hiān tī 1851 nî ê pho̍k-lám-hōe. Hō͘-sòaⁿ tī Eng-lân ê bûn-ha̍k tang-tiong sī chi̍t khoán thang tāi-piáu Eng-lân-lâng ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. ↑ Ogawa Naoyosi, pian. (1931). \"雨傘骨\". *Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten* 臺日大辭典 [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*] (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí).\n2. 1 2 3 Anna König (2004). \"umbrellas and parasols\". Chū Valerie Steele. *Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion*. Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 357–360. ISBN 0-684-31394-4.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Chóa-hō͘-sòaⁿ\n* Bān-jîn-sòaⁿ","meta":{"title":"Hō͘-sòaⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[289,1387,0.2083633741888969],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1645}} -{"text":"Kap-oân sī siōng-kán-tan ê iú-ki-bu̍t.\n**Iú-ki hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t** (Hàn: 有機化合物; Tek: *Organische Verbindung*; Eng: *Organic compound*), kán-chheng **iú-ki-bu̍t** (有機物), sī hâm-iú thoàⁿ (C) goân-sò͘ ê hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t, ia̍h-sī kēng kap i-ê ián-seng-bu̍t ê chóng-chheng. Iú-ki hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t sī sèⁿ-miā sán-seng ê ki-chhó͘ bu̍t-chit. Put-kò, ū chi̍t-kóa hâm-iú thoàⁿ-goân-chú ê bu̍t-chit pēng m̄-sī iú-ki-bu̍t, chhin-chhiūⁿ it-ióng-hòa-thoàⁿ, jī-ióng-hòa-thoàⁿ, thoàⁿ-sng, thoàⁿ-sng-iâm, thoàⁿ-hòa-bu̍t kap chheng-hòa-bu̍t.\n\nChú-iàu lūi-pia̍t\n-----------------\n\n| Lūi-pia̍t | Koaⁿ-lêng-ki | Tāi-piáu **iú-ki-bu̍t ê miâ kah kiat-kò· kán-sek** | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Alkane | | | |\n| Alkene | | | |\n| Alkyne | | | |\n| Phang-hiuⁿ-cho̍k thòaⁿ-hòa chúi-sò͘ | | | |\n| Halogen hòa alkyl | | | |\n| Alcohol | | | |\n| Phenol | | | |\n| Ether | | | |\n| Aldehyde | | | |\n| Ketone | | | |\n| Carbon-sng | | | |\n| Ester | | | |","meta":{"title":"Iú-ki hoà-ha̍p-bu̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[195,748,0.2606951871657754],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1061}} -{"text":"Só· kóng ê **UNESCO Sè-kài Ûi-sán** chí tùi jîn-lūi ū kè-ta̍t ê bûn-hòa--ê a̍h-sī thian-jiân ê ûi-sán, chhin-chhiūⁿ kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t, kó·-siâⁿ, sim-nâ, soa-bô͘, téng-téng. UNESCO kin-kù 1972 nî ê *Sè-kài Bûn-hòa hām Chū-jiân Ûi-sán Pó-hō· Kong-iok* teng-kì chia ê ûi-sán, mā kó·-lē ta̍k kok kì-lo̍k, pó-hō·, pó-chûn in. Tī Sè-kài Ûi-sán lia̍t-toaⁿ téng-thâu ê só·-chāi ū-thang hiòng Sè-kài Ûi-sán Ki-kim-hōe sin-chhéng pó·-chō·.\n\nKàu 2004 nî ûi-chí lóng-chóng ū 788 ê só·-chāi teng-kì chāi-lāi, kî-tiong ū 611 ê sio̍k-î bûn-hòa lūi ê, 154 ê sī thian-jiân--ê, 23 ê 2-chióng sêng-hūn lóng ū.\n\nSè-kài Ûi-sán lia̍t-toaⁿ\n------------------------\n\n* Ū gûi-ki ê Sè-kài Ûi-sán lia̍t-toaⁿ\n* A-chiu kap Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu ê Sè-kài Ûi-sán lia̍t-toaⁿ\n* Bí-chiu ê Sè-kài Ûi-sán lia̍t-toaⁿ\n* Europa ê Sè-kài Ûi-sán lia̍t-toaⁿ\n* Hui-chiu ê Sè-kài Ûi-sán lia̍t-toaⁿ\n\n* Oa̍t-lâm Hā-liông-oan (*Vịnh Hạ Long*, 1994)\n* Guatemala Tikal (1979)\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* UNESCO World Heritage Sites - Koaⁿ-hong\n* UNESCO Sè-kài Ûi-sán lia̍t-toaⁿ - Koaⁿ-hong\n* VRheritage.org - Kì-chài kok-tē ê Sè-kài Ûi-sán\n\n \n\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| | Sè-kài Ûi-sán | |\n| A-chiu & Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu |\nAu-chiu | \nBí-chiu | \nHui-chiu | \nŪ gûi-ki |","meta":{"title":"UNESCO Sè-kài Ûi-sán","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[453,1096,0.41332116788321166],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1392}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Tn̂g-sūi-bo̍k |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Tn̂g-sūi-bo̍k |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Lamiales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Verbenaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Stachytarpheta* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***S. jamaicensis*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Stachytarpheta jamaicensis***L. |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\nTn̂g-sūi-bo̍k ê hoe\n**Tn̂g-sūi-bo̍k** (Hàn-jī:長穗木, ha̍k-miâ: *Stachytarpheta jamaicensis*) sī to-nî-seng siông-le̍k pòaⁿ-koàn-bo̍k. Kah-ì kui-kang ū ji̍t-thâu pha̍k ê khoân-kéng. Kun-té seⁿ tī jia̍t-tāi Bí-chiu. Taⁿ tī Tâi-oân kui-hòa, hun-pò· tī pêⁿ-tē, kap kē-hái-po̍at soaⁿ-khu, seⁿ tī lō·-kîⁿ, pha-hng-tē; kui-tang lóng-ē khui-hoe.\n\nHêng-thāi\n---------\n\nKeng sì-kak-hêng, kim-ku̍t.\n\nHio̍h-á tùi-seng, ke-nn̄g-hêng, he̍k tn̂g-tu-îⁿ-hêng, kì-á-khí-iân.\n\nHoe-koan 5 li̍h, chí-nâ-sek, ti̍t-kèng ū 10 mm; sūi-chōng-hoa-sū téng-seng.\n\nKóe-chí sī so̍k-kó (蒴果) tn̂g-tu-îⁿ-hêng, bih tī sio̍k-chûn hoa-go̍k (宿存花萼) lāi-té.","meta":{"title":"Tn̂g-sūi-bo̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[212,832,0.2548076923076923],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1151}} -{"text":"1573-nî Livonia-gí ê hun-pò͘ khu.\n**Livonia-gí** (Līvõ kēļ) sio̍k-î Ural Gí-hē ê Baltic-Finnic Gí-chi. Chit-sī chi̍t-chióng chí-ū tuā-iok 35 ê lâng, kî-tiong ū cha̍p-lâng ē-táng lâu-lī sái-iōng ê gí-giân. I kah Estonia-gí ê kuan-hē cha̍p-hūn kín-bi̍t. Livonia-lâng ê kò͘-hiong tī Latvia Kurland puàⁿ-tó pak-pō͘ ê Livonia. Chi̍t-kuá Livonia-lâng chiànn-tsāi ha̍k-si̍p Livonia-gí, tān-sī in chí-sī Livonia-lâng ê chi̍t-sió pō͘-hūn, sú-iōng Livonia-gí ê ki-huē sī iú-hān ê. \nLivonia jī-bú sī iû Latvia-gí jī-bú lah Estonia-gí jī-bú hūn-ha̍p hîng-sîng ê.\n\nLivonia jī-bú ： A/a, Ā/ā, Ä/ä, Ǟ/ǟ, B/b, D/d, Ḑ/ḑ, E/e, Ē/ē, F/f, G/g, H/h, I/i, Ī/ī, J/j, K/k, L/l, Ļ/ļ, M/m, N/n, Ņ/ņ, O/o, Ō/ō, Õ/õ, P/p, R/r, Ŗ/ŗ, S/s, Š/š, T/t, Ț/ț, U/u, Ū/ū, V/v, Z/z, Ž/ž\n\nSiông-iōng té-gí\n----------------\n\nLí hó !– Tēriņtš! \n\nGâu-tsá ! - Jõvā ūomõg! / Jõvvõ ūomõgt! \n\nHó-thiⁿ! - Jõvā pǟva! / Jõvvõ päuvõ! \n\nTo-siā ! - Tienū! \n\nSin-nî khuài-lo̍k! - Vȯndzist Ūdāigastõ! \n\nSí-bông - kȭlmä \n\nChi̍t – ikš \n\nNng – kakš \n\nSam– kuolm \n\nSì – nēļa \n\nGō͘ – vīž \n\nLa̍k – kūž \n\nChhit – seis \n\nPueh – kōdõks \n\nKáu– īdõks \n\nCha̍p – kim\n\nIōng Livonia-gí siá-chok ê chok-phín\n------------------------------------\n\nMustā plagā valsõ\n\nKubbõ āt tuļ immõr satunnõd mingizt. \nMustā lupāt um vȯrd tutkām jūs. \nNǟlgalizt nīelõb min mȯistõmõt rõkūd \nSigžtūļ käds ikš dadžā ja ūgõb. \nMitikš äb tō ku sa kēratõkst pǟgiñ: \nUm jõvīst, až sāina pǟl kēratõd \"A\". \nVõid stalažod arrõ, až sainõ äb sȭita - \nMa vāgiž set kītõb, ku jõvīst tīed sa \nJa tikkiž ja tegīž um lagtõd sin tōmi \nSīest, mis sinnõn tīemõst ja mis sinā võid. \nAž suggõbõd suodād ja revolūtsijõd, \nSiz nustām sīes pāikal. Pǟdõ ka mēg. \nAž nai ikškõrd vāldiž ka mäddõn tīeb sillõ. \nĪezõ palābõd sīlmad, kus pīegiļtiz irm. \nSiz grumā touvõd mäd' āndabõd villõ \nJa kõzzist pīkstõbõd pimdõd joud. \nNi īdskubs himnõ mēg lōlam īe pierrõ, \nSīest mēḑi ta kāitsõb ja sīnda ka tōks. \nSīest lōlam mēg: \"Julgizt ni, veļīd, tīe jūrõ!\" \nTäuds sidāms oppõrmīel põrāndõks. \nLeb Valst āigastsadā võilõb se kāngaz, \nMustā ku loptõmõt mōīlmarūim. \nKuñš īebõd pandõkst, kūoḑõd ja kuodād, \nTäddõn nagrõs muidlõb kūolõn pǟlū. \nLyrics by Tõnu Trubetsky\n\nChham-siông\n-----------\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------","meta":{"title":"Livonia-gí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1922,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2446}} -{"text":"UNFPA ê piau-chì\n**Liân-ha̍p-kok Jîn-kháu Ki-kim** (Hàn-jī: 聯合國人口基金; Eng-gí: *United Nations Population Fund*), sok-siá **UNFPA**, sī Liân-ha̍p-kok ê chi̍t ê choan-bûn ki-kò͘, i-ê sú-bēng sī chhiok-chìn só͘-ū lâng kiān-khong seng-oa̍h kap pêng-téng ki-hōe ê khoân-lī. Chò-ûi chi̍t ê chì-goān-sèng ê ki-kim ki-kò͘, Liân-ha̍p-kok Jîn-kháu Ki-kim óa-khò chèng-hú kap su-jîn ê koan-chō͘. Kai ki-kò͘ hia̍p-chō͘ sè-kài kok-kok lī-iōng jîn-kháu sò͘-kì lâi chè-tēng koh-khah ū-hāu ê jîn-kháu chèng-chhek, kiám-chió ì-gōa hoâi-īn, khak-pó an-choân hun-bián, hō͘ siàu-liân-ke bián siū ài-chu pēⁿ-to̍k ê ui-hia̍p, hō͘ cha-bó͘-lâng lóng tit-tio̍h ū chun-giâm ê tùi-thāi.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 130846754\n* LCCN: n89625214\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 1941 1748\n* GND: 5096863-4\n* SELIBR: 300773\n* SUDOC: 027638855\n* BNF: cb11872728x (data)\n* BIBSYS: 90558884\n* NLA: 35632716\n* NDL: 00328963\n* NKC: kn20010710018\n* BNE: XX88409\n* CiNii: DA06186342\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Liân-ha̍p-kok Jîn-kháu Ki-kim","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[231,895,0.2581005586592179],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1125}} -{"text":"\n\n| Tiong-kok kok-kua [en] |\n| --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n|  \"Pu Tian Yue\" (hui kuan-hong) | 1878–1896\n |\n|  \"Tune of Li Zhongtang\" (hui kuan-hong) | 1896–1906\n |\n|  \"Praise the Dragon Flag\" (hui kuan-hong) | 1906–1911\n |\n|  \"Cup of Solid Gold\" | 1911–1912\n |\n|  \"Song of Five Races Under One Union\" | 1912–1913\n |\n|  \"Khing-hûn kua\" | 1913–1915\n |\n|  \"Tiong-huâ hiông-li̍p ú-tiū kan\" | 1915–1921\n |\n|  \"Khing-hûn kua\" | 1921–1928\n |\n|  \"Sam-bîn tsú-gī kua\" | 1928–present\n |\n|  \"Kok-tsè kua\" | 1931–1937\n |\n|  \"Gī-ióng-kun tsìn-hîng-khik\" | 1949–bo̍k-tsiân\n |\n\n |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**en:The Internationale** |\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***The Internationale*** |\n\n**Kok-chè-koa** (Hoat-gí: *L'Internationale*; tha̍k chhin-chhiuⁿ \"Óa-im: \"*ne-ter-na-sioⁿ-nal*\"\", *internationale* tha̍k chhin-chhiuⁿ \"eⁿ-~\") sī chi̍t tiâu chhut-miâ ê siā-hōe-chú-gī (iā-sī hui-thóng-tī-chú-gī kap kiōng-sán-chú-gī) ê koa. Eugène Edine Pottier tī 1870 nî chò sû, pún-té sī toè La Marseillaise ê tiāu chhiùⁿ. Pierre Degeyter tī 1888 nî chò khek. Tùi 1922 nî kàu 1944 nî, chit-tiâu koa mā sī Soviet Siā-hōe-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok Liân-ha̍p ê kok-koa.\n\nHoat-gí goân-bûn\n----------------\n\n### Thâu 1 chat\n\nDebout les damnés de la terre! (Khiā--khí-lâi, thó͘-tē ê hōng kàn-kiāu--ê!)\nDebout les forçats de la faim! (Khiā--khí-lâi, hō͘ iau-pat-tó͘ koaiⁿ-kaⁿ--ê!)\nLa raison tonne en son cratère, (Lí-sèng tī i ê hóe-soaⁿ-khang tân chhut-siaⁿ,)\nC'est l'éruption de la fin. (Siōng-bóe tit-beh po̍k-hoat ah.)\nDu passé, faisons table rase, (Kòe-khì, lán tio̍h kā i chhat-siau)\nFoule esclave debout! debout! (Chò lô͘-châi ê chèng-lâng, taⁿ tio̍h khí-lâi! tio̍h khí-lâi!)\nLe monde va changer de base: (Sè-kài tit-beh lóng-chóng kái-piàn ah:)\nNous ne sommes rien, soyons tout! (Lán chìn-chêng bô sǹg siáⁿ-hòe, taⁿ lán beh chhut-thâu-thiⁿ ah!)‎\n### Hù-koa (refrain)\n\nC'est la lutte de finale, (Che sī siōng-bóe ê phah-piàⁿ)\nGroupons-nous, et demain (Lán chò-hóe lâi piàⁿ, khòaⁿ bîn-ná-chài)\nL'Internationale, (Kok-chè [tak-ke liân-ha̍p])\nSera le genre humain. (Sī chôan jîn-lūi [ê ǹg-bāng])\nC'est la lutte finale,\nGroupons-nous, et demain\nL'Internationale,\nSera le genre humain.\n\nHō-ló-oē pán\n------------\n\n(O͘-chhiú Nakasi; chham-khó Nakasi)\n\n### Thâu 1 chat\n\nTàu-tīn! Chòe-kang ê hiaⁿ-tī chí-mōe!\nTàu-tīn! Chôan sè-kài pháiⁿ-miā ê lâng!\nBeh chhòng-chō hēng-hok ê sin sè-kài,\nLán tio̍h ài thôan-kiat--khí-lâi.\nChu-pún-ka pak-siah lán ê huih-kōaⁿ,\nKín khí-lâi hóan-khòng kap i piàⁿ!\nM̄-bián kiaⁿ thâu-ke án-chóaⁿ ah-pà,\nKang-lâng tàu-tīn le̍k-liōng tōa.\n### Hô\n\nChe sī kang-lâng ê thian-hā.\nThôan-kiat--khí-lâi, Lô-tōng-chiá!\nInternationale\nTàu-tīn, tō it-tēng iâⁿ!\nChe sī kang-lâng ê thian-hā.\nChhia-piàⁿ saⁿ thêng(?), hiòng-chiân kiâⁿ.\nInternationale\nTàu-tīn, tō it-tēng iâⁿ!\n### Tē 2 chat\n\nM̄-bián kiû Iâ-so͘, O-bí-tô-hu̍t.\nMā bián bāng chóng-thóng, hông-tè.\nLô-tōng-chiá chhòng-chō jîn-lūi it-chhè,\nThiān-hā gôan-pún kang-lâng ê.\nChu-pún-ka pak-siah lán ê huih-kōaⁿ,\nKín khí-lâi hóan-khòng kap i piàⁿ!\nM̄-bián kiaⁿ thâu-ke án-chóaⁿ ah-pà,\nKang-lâng tàu-tīn le̍k-liōng tōa.","meta":{"title":"Kok-chè-koa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[563,2803,0.20085622547270782],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3510}} -{"text":"**Hōng-hông Thoân-kî**(鳳凰傳奇) sī chi̍t ê tī Tiong-kok put-chí chhut-miâ ê Hôa-gú liû-hêng im-ga̍k chó͘-ha̍p, chú-chhiùⁿ Iûⁿ-gūi Lêng-hoa(楊魏玲花) sī Lāi-bông-kó͘ Ordos Chhī(鄂爾多斯市) ê lâng,ha̍p-im Chan Gē(曾毅) sī Ô͘-lâm Ek-iông(益陽) ê lâng, in ê koa-lō͘ tōa-lâng gín-á lóng ài thiaⁿ, tī koe-á-lō͘ sì-kòe lóng thiaⁿ ē tio̍h in ê koa,tāi-piáu koa-khek ū *Goa̍t-liōng chi Siōng*(月亮之上), *Chū-iû Hui-Siông*(自由飛翔) kap *Chòe Hiān Bîn-cho̍k Hong*(最炫民族風) téng-téng.\n\nChú-chhiùⁿ Iûⁿ-gūi lêng-hoa sī chi̍t ūi Lāi-bông-kó͘ ê ko͘-niû,1980 nî 12 ge̍h 20 hō chhut-sì, i ê miâ Iûⁿ-gūi lêng-hoa sī Bông-gú hoan-e̍k chòe Hàn-gú,goân-ì sī thiⁿ-téng ê hûn-chhái,só͘-í i m̄-sī sìⁿ Iûⁿ mā m̄-sī sìⁿ Gūi,chòe koa-chhiù chìn-chêng sī chi̍t ê tiān-khì tiàm ê oân-kang, chit-má í-keng kiat-hun,ang-sài sī Chhî Bêng-tiâu(徐明朝).\n\nHa̍p-im Chan Gē, lâi-chū Ô͘-lâm ek-iông, 1979 nî 11 ge̍h 6 hō chhut-sì,i ê khan-chhiú sī Sin-kiong lâng,miâ kiò chòe Lí Ná(李娜).","meta":{"title":"Hōng-hông Thoân-kî","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,948,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1094}} -{"text":"Chin pì-sù ê cha-bó͘ gín-á\n**Pì-sù** (Eng-bûn: *shyness*) sī teh kīn-oá pa̍t-lâng ê sî-chūn só͘ kám-kak tio̍h ê kiaⁿ-hiâⁿ, bô-sóng-khoài, gāi-gio̍h ê chêng-hêng; chit khoán chêng-hêng it-poaⁿ hoat-seng tī chiap-chhiok tio̍h sin-ê khoân-kéng ia̍h-sī chheⁿ-hūn-lâng ê sî-chūn. Pì-sù ê tián-hiān khó-lêng sī chū-chun-sim khah-kē ê jîn-keh te̍k-chit. Pì-sù ê chêng-hêng nā-sī hui-siông ê bêng-hián jî-chhiáⁿ kiông-lia̍t, it-poaⁿ chiū ē hō-chò siā-kau put-an chiòng-gāi.\n\nPì-sù ê chú-iāu te̍k-teng sī ē kòa-sim, ū-sî sīm-chì sī khióng-kiaⁿ, pa̍t-lâng àn-chóaⁿ lâi khòaⁿ-thāi ka-kī. Pì-sù ê kiat-kó khó-lêng ē piàn-sêng khióng-kiaⁿ siā-kau siōng ê hū-biān hāu-èng, chhin-chhiūⁿ thí-chhiò, bú-jio̍k, phoe-phêng kap kī-choa̍t téng-téng; chō-sêng hòng-khì goân-pún siūⁿ-beh chò ê tāi-chì, m̄ káⁿ khì kóng goân-lâi beh kóng ê ōe. Pì-sù ê lâng lo̍h-bóe ū khó-lêng ē ti̍t-chiap hôe-pī siā-kau ê tiûⁿ-bīn, ke-kiám lóng ē khì éng-hióng tio̍h kò-thé tī siā-hōe siōng ê jîn-chè koan-hē.","meta":{"title":"Pì-sù","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1003,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1148}} -{"text":"1977 nî hip-siōng.\n**Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi** (goân-sèⁿ **Nehru**, 1917 nî 11 goe̍h 19 ji̍t – 1984 nî 10 goe̍h 31 ji̍t) sī Ìn-tō͘ ê siú-siòng, tī 1966 kàu 1977 nî liân chò 3 jīm, koh lēng gōa chi̍t jīm tī 1980 kàu 1984 nî kî-kan. \n\nI tè-bé hō͘ Sikh-kàu ê ke̍k-toan-phài àm-sat.\n\nChhut-sin\n---------\n\nIndira Priyadarshini Nehru sī Ìn-tō͘ to̍k-li̍p liáu-āu thâu jīm siú-siòng Jawaharlal Nehru ē to̍k-kiáⁿ. I sī Visva-Bharati Tāi-ha̍k kap Oxford Tāi-ha̍k chhut-sin--ê. 1942 nî, kap Ìn-tō͘ Kok-bîn Gī-hōe (Gī-hōe Tóng) ê chèng-tī-chiá Feroze Gandhi kiat-hun.\n\nChèng-tī sū-gia̍p\n-----------------\n\nIndira Gandhi pun-sin sī chip-chèng ê Gī-hōe Tóng tùi 1955 nî khai-sí ê kang-chok úi-oân-hōe (Eng-gí: *working committee*) sêng-oân. 1959 nî ê sî, Gandhi hông soán chò tóng-chú-se̍k. Tī 1964 nî chap-ūi Nehru ê sin siú-siòng Lal Bahadur Shastri chí-tēng Gandhi chò Chu-sìn kap Hòng-sàng Pō͘-tiúⁿ (*Minister of Information and Broadcasting*). Shastri tī 1966 nî kòe-sin, Gandhi chiō chiap chò Gī-hōe Tóng ê sin léng-tō-chiá, tông-sî ia̍h chiâⁿ chò siú-siòng. Tong-sî Gandhi chú-iàu ê kēng-cheng tùi-siòng sī hoán-tùi-phài ê Morarji Desai. 1967 nî, Gandhi tī soán-kí taⁿ ū sió iâⁿ, chiō chiap-siū Desai chò tāi-lí siú-siòng. Kàu 1971 nî ê sî, Gandhi chiah tit tio̍h koat-tèng-sèng ê sèng-lī.\n\nGandhi sī 1971 nî bóe Tang Bengal (kin-á-ji̍t ê Bangladesh) thoat-lî Pakistan ê chi-chhî-chiá. Ìn-tō͘ ê kun-tūi tè-bé phah iâⁿ Pakistan, liáu-āu Bangladesh kiàn-li̍p. Siū tio̍h chiàn-cheng sèng-lī ê éng-hióng, Gandhi tī 1972 nî 3 goe̍h koh chi̍t pái niá-chhōa Gī-hōe Tóng phah iâⁿ soán-kí. Soán-kí si̍t-pāi ê Siā-hōe-chú-gī Tóng tè-bé kò-sò͘ i ûi-hoán soán-kí kui-tēng. 1975 nî ê sî, Allahabad ê Ko-téng Hoat-īⁿ phòaⁿ Gandhi put-lī, chō-sêng i pì-su ài kau chhut ùi gī-hōe ê chit-ūi. \n\nGandhi tùi chhâi-phòaⁿ ê hoán-èng sī soan-pò͘ Ìn-tō͘ chìn-ji̍p kím-kip chōng-hóng, chiong chèng-tī siōng ê hoán-túi-chià koaiⁿ-kaⁿ, chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ koh kiàn-li̍p khí hān-chè kò-jîn chū-iû ê hoat-lu̍t. Chi̍t tōaⁿ sî-kî i thong-kòe bōe chió bô siū o-ló ê chèng-chhek, pau-koat tōa-kui-bô͘ ê seng-sán khòng-chè. 1977 nî, chìn-chêng hông iân-kî ê soán-kí têng-sin kí-hêng, Gandhi kap i-ê chèng-tóng sit-sè. Janata Tóng chiâⁿ chò sin-ê chip-chèng-chiá. Tī 1978 nî, Gandhi ê chi-chhî-chiá tùi goân Gī-hōe Tóng pun chhut chi̍t phài hō chò Gī-hōe (I) Tóng (*Congress (I) Party*), \"I\" sī *Indra* ê ì-sù. Gandhi tī 1977 nî 10 goe̍h kàu 1978 nî 12 goe̍h kî-kan, in-ūi hú-pāi ê kò-sò͘ ji̍p kaⁿ. \n\nKàu 1978 nî 11 goe̍h, Gandhi koh têng-sin tòng-soán kok-hōe gī-goân. Chá-chêng chip-chèng ê Janata Tóng tī 1979 nî 8 goe̍h sit-pāi. Tī 1980 nî 1 goe̍h ê hā-gī-īⁿ Lok Sabha soán-kí, Gandhi kap Gī-hōe (I) Tóng tit tio̍h tōa iâⁿ. I-ê hāu-seⁿ Sanjay Gandhi tī hit chūn oa-ná chò gī-oân, jî-chhiá sī i-ê kò͘-mn̄g. Tong-sî só͘-ū ê su-hoat àn-kiāⁿ lóng chhú-siau--khì. Chóng-sī Sanjay ùi 1980 nî hui-hêng-ki sit-sū sí-bông. Gandhi tī kang-gia̍p hoat-tián ê hong-bīn chhái-ēng chhin siā-hōe-chú-gī ê chèng-chhek, kiàn-li̍p chhin So͘-liân ê koan-hē, lī-ēng lâi tùi-khòng Pakistan. 1980 nî-tāi, Ìn-tō chē-ê tē-hng tng teh iau-kiû ka-kiông chū-chú tē-ūi, kî-tiong mā pau-koat Punjab séng-hūn sú-iōng po̍k-le̍k oa̍h-tāng ê Sikh-kàu ke̍k-toan-phài. 1984 nî, Gandhi phài kun-tūi kong-kek Amritsar ê Sikh sîn-biō Harimandir, chō-sêng 450-ê Sikh sí--khì. Kâng nî 10 goe̍h 31 ji̍t, Gandhi tī ka-tī ê hoe-hn̂g hō͘ ka-tī ê nn̄g-ê siú-ōe pò-siû chhèng-sat.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n* Kathleen Kuiper, pian. (2010). \"Indira Gandhi\". *Britannica Guide to the World's Most Influential People: 100 Most Influential Women of All Time* (ēng Eng-gí). Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. ISBN 978-1-61530-058-7.\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n* Kài-siāu Indira Gandhi ê bāng-chām\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 86791938\n* LCCN: n79064593\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2096 5502\n* GND: 118689436\n* SELIBR: 187915\n* SUDOC: 026880490\n* BNF: cb11904029j (data)\n* BIBSYS: 90124466\n* MusicBrainz: b1da9dfa-2bab-4e42-818a-124ed5ccb4bd\n* NLA: 35111318\n* NDL: 00440484\n* NKC: mzk2002173850\n* BNE: XX1108831\n* CiNii: DA0260370X\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Indira Gandhi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[504,3798,0.13270142180094788],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4578}} -{"text":"**Tn̂g-tang**-chhun (塘東村) sī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Choân-chiu-chhī Chìn-kang-chhī ê chi̍t-ē hêng-chèng-chhun. Ūi-tì tī Ûi-thâu pòaⁿ-tó ê sai-lâm-kak, tē-lí hong-ūi sī tang-keng 118.6°, pak-úi 24.5°. Tāng-pīⁿ sī lio̍k-tōe, sai-piⁿ óa-hái, kéng-sek hui-siông bí-lē. Lî Kim-mn̂g-tó 15 kong-lí, pak-bīn lî Kim-chíⁿ-tīn (金井鎮) 4.5 kong-lí, hái-siong kah lio̍k-tōe ê kau-thong hui-siông piān-lī. Chiàm-tōe bīn-chek 3.5 pêng-hong kong-lí, té-kha ū 6 ê chū-jiân-chhun. Kî-tiong ū Tn̂g-tang (東塘), Ē-liâu (下寮), Liô-thâu (寮頭), Sai-oaⁿ (西安), Āu-tē (後埭), Soaⁿ-píⁿ (山柄), kah chi̍t-ê kang-gia̍p-khu, siat 14-ê chhun-bîn sió-chó͘. Kāu 2008-nî ûi-chí, choân-chhun ū jîn-kháu 4679 lâng, 986 hō͘. Chhun-lāi u Chhòa (蔡), Gô (吳), Siā (謝), Ông (王), Khó͘ (許), Liâm (粘) téng sīⁿ. So͘ Iú-pêng chò tō-ián ê chhú-lú-chok (左耳) tī 9-goe̍h 3-ji̍t, 8-ji̍t tī Tn̂g-tang-chhun chhú-kéng.\n\nKi-pún chêng-hóng\n-----------------\n\nTn̂g-tang-chhun sī lē-sio̍k Hok-kiàn-séng Choân-chiu-chhī Chìn-kang-chhī Kim-chíⁿ-tīn ê chi̍t-ê hêng-chèng-chhun, tiàm-tī Ûi-thâu Pòaⁿ-tó ê sai-lâm-kak, tē-lí chō-piau tang-keng 118.6°, pak-úi 24.5°, tang-pō͘ liân-chiap lio̍k-tōe, sai-pō͘ oaⁿ-hái, kéng-sek bí-lē, lî Kim-mn̂g-tó 15 kong-lí.\n\nLâm-sòng Lí-chong Kéng-tēng Goân-nî (1260-nî) Tn̂g-tang-chhun sí-chó͘, in-ūi \"Gún tiàm-tī tn̂g ê tang-pō͘\" tek kāu \"Gún-tang-kong\" ê miâ.\n\nLe̍k-sú iân-kek\n---------------\n\nBêng-tiâu, chheng-tiâu sio̍k Cha̍p-sì-to͘, bîn-kok 33-nî (1944-nî) sio̍k Kim-chíⁿ-tīn Tn̂g-tang-pó, Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok kiàn-kok liáu-āu 1956-nî sio̍k Kim-chíⁿ-khu Tn̂g-tang-hiong, 1961-nî sio̍k Kim-chíⁿ Kong-siā Tn̂g-tang Tōa-tūi, 1984-nî kái-miâ Kim-chíⁿ-tīn Tn̂g-tang Chhun-úi-hōe.\n\nKi-chhó͘ siat-si\n----------------\n\nChhun-lāi siat ū lâu-lâng oa̍h-tāng kiān-sin siat-si, bûn-hòa oa̍h-tāng tiong-sim, siat 9-nî gī-bū-chè o̍h-tn̂g chi̍t-ê (Kím-tang hôa-kiâu ha̍k-hāu), hā-sio̍k toaⁿ-ūi ū lâu-lâng hia̍p-hōe, kè-ōe-seng-io̍k hia̍p-hōe, tī-an tōa-tūi, bûn-hòa oa̍h-tāng tiong-sim, hāu-iú-hōe, chû-siān-hōe, lú-gōa \"3 hōe\".\n\nKhì-hāu kah keng-chè\n--------------------\n\nNî pêng-kin khì-un 20 kāu 23 lia̍p-sī-tō͘, sio̍k a-jia̍t-tài khì-hāu, chhun-lāi hoat-tián chhián-hái-ióng-si̍t, ū ô-á, chí-chhài, hái-tòa, khì-gia̍p ū pháng-chit, ho̍k-chong, chù-chō, téng khì-gia̍p.\n\nBêng-sèng kó͘-chek\n------------------\n\nTang-chhòa-ka-biō - Tn̂g-tang-chhun chá-nî kiàn ê Chhòa-sī chó͘-sû, heng-kiàn nî-tāi put-siông, goân-lâi chó͘-sû (ē-sû, iā kiò-chòe Tōa-chong-sû) tōa-mn̂g téng-bīn ū pâi-pián \"Tang-chhòa-ka-biō\". Àn-chiàu chá-nî ê kui-tēng, hiong-jîn tio̍h-ū tiòng chìn-sū, chó͘-sû chiah ū-hoat kiò-chòe \"ka-biō\". Bêng-tāi hiong-hiân Tiong-hiàn Tāi-hu, Tn̂g-soa ti-hú Chhòa Chàn, sī Ka-chēng sin-thiú-nî (1541-nî) ê chìn-sū, siū hong Bûn-lîm-lông, tī Ka-chēng bō͘-sin-nî (1548-nî) choān-siá Chhòa-sī cho̍k-phó͘. Kó͘-kè chong-sû sī tī chit-ê sî-chūn khiā—ê. Tng-sî ê kui-bô͘ put-siông, āu-piah keng-kòe kúi hoan hoan-siu, m̄-chai goân-chá sī sím-mih-khoán ê bô͘-iūⁿ. Kāu chheng-tiâu bé-nî, hiong-cho̍k bó͘-lâng tiàm chong-sû lāi-bīn, sio-hóe bô-chù-ì chō-sêng hóe-chai, choân-pō͘ hō͘ hóe sio sat-khì.\n\nBîn-kok goân-nî (1912-nî) tiông-kiàn. Cho̍k-jîn chōe-pái lia̍h-lāu, iōng-sim keng-êng, múi-nî tang-thiⁿ chhun-thiⁿ ln̄g-pái chìn-hêng chè-sū. In-ūi nî-kú sit-siu, àu-bīn tī 1985-nî iû hái-gōa hiong-chhin chi̍p-chu tiông-kiàn, tē-jī-nî lo̍k-sêng. Chong-sû ê kiat-kò͘, koân-tō͘, tiau-khek, liân-tùi, pâi-pián, bo̍k-tiau, chio̍h-tiau, hiong-àn choân-pō͘ chīn-liōng àn-chiàu goân-māu, tû-liáu chhù-téng kái-sêng le̍k-sek ê hiā. Chhù-chit koân 2-tiōng 3-chhioh 9-chhūn, khoan 2-tiōng 3-chhioh 6-chhūn.\n\nGoân-lâi chó͘-sû lāi nn̂g-pêng chhiûⁿ-piah ū \"Tiong-hàu-liâm-chiat\" sì-ê jī, siong-thoân sī Lâm-sòng Lí-ha̍k-ka Chu Hi siá—ê. Chong-sû lāi ū pâi-pián 25 tè: \"Chó͘-sun Chìn-sū\", \"Kok-su\", \"To͘-tok\", \"Liông-Jī-Chhian-Chio̍h\", \"Chìn-sū\", \"Hū-chú-pa̍t-goân\", \"Hiaⁿ-tī-un-goân\", \"Hiaⁿ-tī-thêng-soán\", \"Soán-khoe\", \"Soán-goân\", \"Tēng-oán-chiong-kun\", \"Bûn-khoe\", \"Pia̍t-kà\", \"Tiong-sîn\", \"To͘-khún\", \"Hàu-liâm-hong-chèng\", \"Hàu-chú\", \"Ûn-chiat-sam-song\", \"Kî-î-ek-soàn\", \"Siū-î\", \"Kim-chi-tiōng-kiàn\", \"Tiông-piau-eng-iông\", \"Hiân-chiat-khái-bô͘\" téng. Lēng-gōa ū chi̍t-pò͘-hūn sī tī Chhòa-sī-ka-biō lâi-piah, ū tiòng kho-kí khó-chhì ê, ū tiàu-teng hong ê, khó͘-í khòaⁿ-kìⁿ le̍k-tāi tù-miâ ê lâng ǔ chin-chōe.\n\nTang-chhòa-ka-biō\n-----------------\n\nChhòa-sī-ka-biō, iā kiò-chòe Sin-sû-tn̂g, siōng-chá sī chheng-tiâu Tông-tī nî-kan siu-kiàn, bîn-kok chho͘-nî tiông-siu, bīn-chek pí Tang-chhòa-ka-biō koh-khah tōa. Chong-sû lāi-bīn tiong-hn̂g nn̂g-pêng ū 5-ê thiⁿ-chíⁿ, sī Chìn-kang lâm-pō͘ sû-tn̂g ê te̍k-sek. Goân-lâi sû-tn̂g téng-thâu ū pâi-pián \"Toan-bêng-tiān Tāi-ha̍k-sū\", \"Kok-su\", \"To͘-tok\", \"Chó͘-sun-chìn-sū\", \"Liông-jī-chhian-chio̍h\" téng, tōa-mn̂g nn̂g-pêng ū lo̍h-bé-chio̍h chi̍t-tùi, tōa-tiáⁿ ū kî-koaⁿ 6-ê, kāu 30, 40 nî-tāi chhūn 3 ê. 1994-nî tiông-siu.","meta":{"title":"Tn̂g-tang-chhun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,4801,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5486}} -{"text":"**Hōng-hông Ōe-sī** (凤凰卫视) sī chi̍t-keng kok-chè sèng-chit ê Hôa-gí tiān-sī-tâi, chóng-pō· siat-tī Hiang-káng, i ê chôan-cheng kiò-chòe \"Hōng-hông Ōe-sī Tiong-bûn-tâi\".\n\nSiāu-kài\n--------\n\n**Hōng-hông Ōe-sī**, nā beh kóng i ê chiân-sin a̍h-sī kóng téng-pòaⁿ-sì-lâng, kî-si̍t to̍h-sī StarTV kî-hā ê \"Ōe-sī Tiong-bûn-tâi\", kong-gôan 1991 nî khai-sí hòng-sàng tiān-sī chiat-bo̍k. Āu--lâi, StarTV khì hō· Rupert Murdoch chit-ê sin-bûn chi̍p-thôan siu-kó· liáu-āu, gia̍p-chú khai-sí tùi tiān-sī-tâi gôan-té ê ki-kó· kah chiat-bo̍k chìn-hêng kái-cho·. Tang-tiong koh ū 2-ê tâu-chú-jîn ka-ji̍p, chò-hóe keng-êng, chit-2-ê lâng sī Lâu Tiông-lo̍k kah Tân Éng-kî. Kái-kek liáu-āu, tī 1996 nî 3 go̍eh 31 hō, sin--ê tiân-sī-tâi sêng-li̍p, chèng-sek hō·-miâ kiò-chòe **Hōng-hông Ōe-sī Tiong-bûn-tâi**. Chhú-khì, sū-gia̍p ná chò ná tōa, iū-koh lio̍k-sio̍k khai-thong **Tiān-iáⁿ-tâi**, **Chu-sìn-tâi**, **Au-chiu-tâi** kah **Bí-chiu-tâi**. \n\nHōng-hông Ōe-sī Tiong-bûn-tâi ê chú-chhî-jîn kah chiat-bo̍k phian-chi̍p-jîn thàu-té lâi-chū Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k, Hiong-káng kah Tâi-ôan. It-poaⁿ lâi-kóng, kàu-taⁿ, tī Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k, ū tit-tio̍h **lok-tē-kôan**, pī ún-chún tī Tāi-lio̍k chò soan-thôan ê kéng-gōa mûi-thé si̍t-chāi bô kúi ke, ah **Hōng-hông Ōe-sī** óan-á sǹg 1-ê. \n\nTa̍t-tit chú-ì--ê sī, lō·-bóe chiah ka-ji̍p **Hōng-hông Ōe-sī** ê 2-ūi tōa kó·-tong Lâu Tiông-lo̍k sian-siⁿ kah Tân Éng-kî sian-siⁿ, in 2-ê lâng chêng 2000 nî to̍h khai-sí tâu-chu Hiong-káng chú-iàu ê múi-thé A-chiu Tiān-sī, kàu-taⁿ, in 2-ê lâng óan-á sī A-chiu Tiān-sī kong-si siōng tōa ê kó·-tong.\n\nGōa-kài ê khòaⁿ-hoat\n--------------------\n\nChin chōe lâng jīn-ûi **Hōng-hông Ōe-sī** ê koan-tiám khah áⁿ Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k, só·-í bōe-chió chiat-bo̍k pit-su ài têng-sin chè-chok liáu-āu chiah ū-hoat-tō· tiàm Tâi-ôan hòng-sàng. Put-jī-kò, mā ū lâng hoat-tùi téng-bīn ê kóng-hoat, jīn-ûi **Hōng-hông Ōe-sī** ê koan-tiám khah tiong-li̍p, khah kheh-koan, ki-pún bô siū-tio̍h Tāi-lio̍k a̍h-sī Tâi-ôan koaⁿ-hong ê éng-hiáng. \n\nHōng-hông Ōe-sī tī-leh pò-tō hià-ê kok-chè tu̍t-hoat sū-kiāⁿ ê sî, m̄-nā siông-sè, jî-chhiáⁿ chiâⁿ kín. Tiàm sè-kài siōng ê chin chōe só·-chāi, lóng ū Hōng-hông Ōe-sī ê tēng-tiám kì-chiá-chām. Tó-ūi-á hoat-seng tōa tāi-chì, sūi ē-tàng khòaⁿ-tio̍h Hōng-hông Ōe-sī kì-chiá ê hêng-iáⁿ. In-ūi án-ne ê koan-hē, Hōng-hông Ōe-sī tī Tāi-lio̍k ū chin chōe sí-tiong ê koan-chiòng. \n\nPut-jī-kò, mā ū lâng teh phoe-phêng Hōng-hông Ōe-sī, kóng in tùi-tio̍h Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k lōe-pō· ê sin-bûn tháu-té iōng khah pó-siú ê chok-hong lâi chhú-lí, m̄-kóaⁿ khiat-lō· Tai-lio̍k Tong-kio̍k chi̍t-kóa-á bô bîn-chú ê hêng-ûi. \n\nHōng-hông Ōe-sī tú-tú sêng-li̍p ê sî-chūn, tiàm Hiong-káng ôan-á m̄-sī chin hiáⁿ-ba̍k, hit-sî Hiang-káng-lâng thàu-té jīn-ûi chit-keng tiān-sī-tâi sī hiàⁿ Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k ê mûi-thé, hô-hóng i lóng-sī iōng Phó·-thong-ōe hòng-sàng, chú-iàu ê koan-chiòng sī Tāi-lio̍k-lâng. M̄-koh, chòe-kīn chit kúi ni lâi, Hiang-káng-lâng tùi Hōng-hông Ōe-sī ê khòaⁿ-hoat iú-só· kái-piàn, jî-chhiáⁿ tùi i ná-lâi-ná koan-chu kah tì-ì, siu-sī-lu̍t mā ke-chiok kôan--ê.\n\nSiu-sī chōng-hóng\n-----------------\n\nHōng-hông Ōe-sī Tiong-bûn-tâi chiat-bo̍k hok-khàm--tio̍h ê kok-ka kah tē-khu pau-koah: \n\n阿富汗,亚美尼亚,Ò-tāi-lī-a、阿塞拜疆,巴林,孟加拉,不丹,文莱,柬埔寨,Tiong-kok,塞浦路斯,格鲁吉亚,关岛,Hiang-káng,Ìn-tō·、Ìn-nî、Iran,I-lak,Í-sek-lia̍t、Ji̍t-pún,约旦,哈萨克斯坦,pak-hân、Lâm-hân,科威特,吉尔吉斯,老挝,黎巴嫩,Ò-mn̂g,Má-lâi-se-a,马尔代夫,Bông-kó·,缅甸,尼泊尔,新西兰,阿曼,Pa-ki-su-thán,巴布亚新几内亚,Hui-lu̍t-pin,卡塔尔,Lō·-se-a,沙特阿拉伯,锡金,Sin-ka-pho,斯里兰卡,叙利亚,Tâi-ôan,塔吉克斯坦,Thài-kok,土库曼斯坦,阿拉伯联合酋长国,乌兹别克斯坦,Oa̍t-lâm,也门\n\nChu-sìn-tâi thong-kòe A-ōe-3-hō ōe-chheⁿ hoat-siā, taⁿ hok-khàm 50-gōa-ê kok-ka kah tē-khu; iu-kok thong-kòe Hiang-káng iú-sòaⁿ tiān-sī tē-79 pîn-tō, NOW koan-pîn tiān-sī tē-66 pîn-tō kah Ò-mn̂g iú-sòaⁿ tiān-sī tē-19 pîn-tō teh chò hòng-sàng, chóng siu-sī-hō· chhiau-kòe 60-bān. \n\nTiān-iáⁿ-tâi thong-kòe iú-sòaⁿ bāng-lo̍k kah chiú-tiàm chiap-siu, taⁿ í-keng hok-khàm chéng-kô Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k. \n\nAu-bí-tâi ê hok-khàm chêng-hóng: \n\nAu-chiuthong-kòe Eurobird ōe-chheⁿ, hiòng 45-ê kok-ka pò·-chhut, tang-tiong pau-koah Eng-kok, Hoat-kok, Tek-kok, Hô-lân.\nBí-chiuthong-kòe Bí-kok 2-tiâu siōng-tōa ê ōe-chheⁿ bāng-lo̍k \"DIRECTV\" kah \"ECHOSTAR\", tn̂g-kî ūi chāi-tē Tn̂g-lâng ka-têng thê-kiong Hôa-gí chiat-bo̍k. Tī chia ê siu-sī-lu̍t ko-ta̍t 1,700-bān lâng, liōng-kî-iok ū chiâⁿ-pah-bān hō· Tn̂g-lâng ka-têng teh khòaⁿ Hōng-hông Ōe-sī ê chiat-bo̍k.\n\nKhah chhut-miâ ê chú-chhî-jîn\n-----------------------------\n\n* Gô· Sió-lī(吳小莉)\n* Tân Ló·-ū(陈鲁豫)\n* Tō· Bûn-tô(窦文涛)\n* Chan Chú-be̍k(曾子墨)\n* Sat Bûn(薩文)\n* Lî-Khu Lō·-bî(閭丘露薇)\n\nChú-iàu ê (kheh-chō) phêng-lūn-ôan\n----------------------------------\n\n* Ńg Chhù-san(阮次山)\n* Chô Kéng-hêng(曹景行)\n* Hô Liāng-liāng(何亮亮)\n* Sî Chê-pêng(时齐平)\n* Iûⁿ Kím-lîn(杨锦麟)\n* Khu Chín-hái(邱震海)\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Hōng-hông Ōe-sī thâu-ia̍h","meta":{"title":"Hōng-hông Ōe-sī Tiong-bûn-tâi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[267,4771,0.05596311045902327],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5567}} -{"text":"E-sai tshik-liông 3-ê liû-sok hun-liōng ê 3 pho-sok ADCP (Aquadopp Profiler, 1 MHz kap 0.6 MHz, Nortek kong-si)\n4 pho-sok ADCP (WH-600, Teledyne kong-si)\n5 pho-sok ADCP ê tsuí-hā si̍t-kíng siòng-phìnn (Signature 1000, Nortek kong-si)\n AWAC (siañ-pho kap hái-liû) sī tsi̍t-tsióng tsuan-bûn iōng-teh tshik-liông pho è kuân-tōo kap pho ê hong-hiòng tsi ADCP ê ke-si.\n**Siañ-ha̍k doppler liû-sok phuà-bīn-gî** (eng-gí: Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP)) sī tsi̍t-tsióng iōng-e̊ tshik-liông (surveying) tsuí-sok ê tsuí-ha siañ-ha̍k (underwater acoustics) liû-sok kè (current meter). I-e̊ guân-lí (principle) tō tshin-tshiūñ sonar kāng-khuán: ADCP tuì-tio̍h tsuí lāi-té huat-siā siañ-pho (acoustic wave), tsuí-tiong ê suàñ-siā-thé hōo siañ-pho sán-sing suàñ-siā (scattering); ADCP tsiap-siu (perception) suáñ-siā-thé huán-tò-tńg ê huê-pho sìn-hō (signal), koh-tsài thong-kuè hun-sik i-e̊ doppler hāu-ìng (Doppler effect, Doppler shift) pîn-lu̍t ê pèn-tōng liáu-āu khah-lâi kè-sǹg i-e̊ liû-sok (flow velocity). Khí-tshoo ADCP kan-na sī RD gî-khì kong-si (Teledyne Technologies) teh 19 sè-kí 80 nî-tāi thui-tshut ê hē-le̍t sán-phín (product (business)) tsi bîng-tshing (name). M̄-kù tsit-má én-pèn tsò kâng luī-hîng (type theory) siañ-ha̍k (acoustics) liû-sok kè ê bîng-tshing.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"ADCPs - Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers | Geo-matching.com - The right choice\". 2021-02-03 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Bu̍t-lí hái-iûⁿ-ha̍k (Bu̍t-lí hái-iûñ-ha̍k; eng-gí: physical oceanography)\n* Magnesium oxide [en]\n* Naproxen [en]\n* Clonazepam [en]\n* Tolii [ja] (torii)\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* Instruments - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution\n* Discharge-Measurement System Using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler with Applications to Large Rivers and Estuaries\n* What is an ADCP and how does it work?\n* Instruments - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","meta":{"title":"Siaⁿ-ha̍k doppler liû-sok phoà-bīn-gî","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[463,1702,0.2720329024676851],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2005}} -{"text":"**Super Tuesday** (Bân-lâm-gú: **Chhiau-kip Lé-pài-jī**) sī Bí-kok tāi-soán-nî jī-goe̍h ia̍h-sī saⁿ-goe̍h, kúi-nā-ê chiu kí-pān chóng-thóng hāu-soán-jîn cho͘-soán ê lé-pài-jī. Hit-ji̍t chē-chē chiu-hūn ē tông-sî soán-chhut tāi-piáu chèng-tóng ê hāu-soán-jîn. In-ūi hit-ji̍t ê kiat-kó tùi soán-chêng ū tōa-bong ê éng-hiáng, ta̍k-ê hāu-soán-jîn lóng ē te̍k-pia̍t chù-tiōng hit-ji̍t ê piáu-hiān, só͘-í Eng-gí tiō hō-chò Super Tuesday.\n\nSuper Tuesday chit-ê choan-iú bêng-sû siāng-chá chhut-hiān tī 1984 nî. Tong-nî ū saⁿ-ê Super Tuesday, hit-nî tāi-piáu Bîn-chú-tóng ê Walter Mondale sī kàu tē-saⁿ-ê Super Tuesday chiah khak-li̍p i tī tóng-lāi ê léng-sian ūi-tì. Sòa-lo̍h ê chóng-thóng soán-kí-nî lóng ē kí-hêng Super Tuesday. Super Tuesday sī chho͘-soán kòe-têng tiong ê koan-kiàn, 1992 nî Bill Clinton tī chêng kúi chiu ê chho͘-soán sî chiat-chiat-pāi-thòe, tān-sī tī Super Tuesday iâⁿ-tit lâm-pō͘ tōa-pō͘-hūn chiu-hūn ê soán-phiò, chhut-soàⁿ chiâⁿ-chò Bîn-chú-tóng ê hāu-soán-jîn. 1996 nî, Bob Dole mā-sī tī Super Tuesday ê sî chhit-soàⁿ chiâⁿ-chò Kiōng-hô-tóng ê hāu-soán-jîn. 2000 nî ê Super Tuesday lóng-chóng ū 16-ê chiu kí-hêng chho͘-soán, phah-phòa í-óng ê kì-lo̍k; hit-nî ê Al Gore kap George Bush lóng sī tī Super Tuesday iâⁿ-tio̍h thê-miâ.","meta":{"title":"Super Tuesday","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1251,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1435}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Kam-á-bi̍t |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Kam-á-bi̍t |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n| A-kài: | Tracheobionta |\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n| A-kong: | Asteridae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Solanales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Solanaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Solanum* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***S. lycopersicum*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Solanum lycopersicum***L. |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Kam-á-bi̍t**/**Chhàu-khī-á** (ha̍k-miâ: *Solanum lycopersicum*) sī 1 chióng Kiô-á-kho kiô-á-sio̍k ê si̍t-bu̍t. I ê kóe-chí thang-hó chheⁿ-chia̍h ia̍h-sī chò chhài-se, ka-kang liáu-āu ē-sái chò kam-á-bi̍t-chiùⁿ kap kam-á-bi̍t-chiap. Kam-á-bi̍t ê goân-sán-tē sī Lâm Bí-chiu ê Andes Soaⁿ-lêng.\n\nKam-á-bi̍t tī Tâi-oân tē-khu hō͘-lâng kiò-chò **thô͘-má-toh**, chit-ê sû sī ùi **tomato**/**トマト** lâi-ê goā-lâi-gí.\n\nTô͘\n---\n\n* Kam-á-bi̍t-hoe\n* Kam-á-bi̍t-châng\n* kok-chióng ê kam-á-bi̍t\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Solanum lycopersicum*** |","meta":{"title":"Kam-á-bi̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[352,758,0.46437994722955145],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1132}} -{"text":"**Pì-su an-ki-sng** (Eng-gí: *essential amino acid*) sī seng-bu̍t-thé bô hoat-tō͘ tùi-thâu ha̍p-sêng ê an-ki-sng, su-iàu keng-kòe chia̍h-mi̍h lâi khip-siu. Thù lâng lâi kóng, ū 9 khoán pì-su an-ki-sng, in sī phenylalanin, valin, threonin, tryptophan, methionin, leucin, isoleucin, lysine, kap histidin.\n\nLēng-gōa chāi jîn-thé koh ū 6 khoán an-ki-sng tī chi̍t koá chōng-khóng hā sī pì-su, pau-koat arginin, cystein, glycin, glutamin, prolin kap tyrosin\n\nBí-ji̍t che-liōng\n-----------------\n\nSi̍t-chè ta̍k-kang ê su-iàu che-liōng bô hó koat-tēng, kiàn-gī ê sò͘-jī mā tiāⁿ teh siu-kái. Í-hā sī WHO kiàn-gī ê tōa-lâng bí-ji̍t che-liōng:\n\n| an-ki-sng | bí thé-tāng kong-kin ê su-iàu liōng (mg) |\n| --- | --- |\n| **H** Histidin | 10 |\n| **I** Isoleucin | 20 |\n| **L** Leucin | 39 |\n| **K** Lysin | 30 |\n| **M** Methionin\n+ **C** Cystein | 10.4 + 4.1 = 15 |\n| **F** Phenylalanin\n+ **Y** Tyrosin | 25 (total) |\n| **T** Threonin | 15 |\n| **W** Tryptophan | 4 |\n| **V** Valin | 26 |","meta":{"title":"Pì-su an-ki-sng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[181,764,0.2369109947643979],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1043}} -{"text":"**Mendel ê hoat-chek** sī chiàu Gregor Mendel thê-chhut ê kui-chek leh ūn-choán ê ûi-thoân hiān-siōng. Chit-lō kui-chek tāi-seng sī Mendel 1865 nî chì 1866 nî kî-kan hoat-piáu--ê; liáu-āu chi̍t tōaⁿ sî-kan bô sáⁿ liû-hêng, kàu 1900 nî koh hông têng-sin the̍h lâi hoat-tián chò hiān-tāi ûi-thoân-ha̍k ê ki-chhó͘.\n\nMendel ê hoat-chek\n------------------\n\nĒng Punnett tô͘ piáu-hiān ê Mendel si̍t-giām chi it.\nMendel tùi hôe-liân-tāu si̍t-giām hoat-kiàn nā sī kā sûn khui-hoe pe̍h-sek chéng ê tāu-á kap sûn khui-hoe sī kiô-á-sek ê tāu-á chéng (chia hō chò P sì-tāi) cha̍p-phòe, in sán-seng ê āu-tāi (F1 sì-tāi) sèng-chit m̄-sī P sì-tāi sèng-chit ê saⁿ-lām, sī choân-pō͘ lóng khui kiô-á-sek ê hoe. Nā koh kā F1 the̍h lâi hō͘-siōng kau-phòe, sán-seng ê āu-tāi (F2 sì-tāi) koh pìⁿ chò sī kiô-á-sek pí pe̍h-sek khui-hoe 3 tùi 1 ê pí-lu̍t.\n\nMendel ê hoan-kiàn ē-tàng ēng āu--lâi kî-tha ha̍k-chiá hoat-tián ê sû-gí lâi chéng-lí chò 3 hāng kui-chek:\n\n* **Hun-lî hoat-chek** (Eng-gí: *law of segregation*), kóng phòe-chú hêng-sêng (*gamete formation*) ê sî, ta̍k-ê ûi-thoân-chú in ê chē chióng allele, ia̍h chiō sī bó͘ chi̍t-ê ûi-thoân-chú ê bô-kâng piàn-khoán, ē hun-khui, tī bí chi̍t lia̍p phòe-chú kaⁿ-taⁿ thang chûn-chāi chi̍t khoán.\n\n* **To̍k-li̍p hun-phòe hoat-chek** (*law of independent assortment*), kóng phòe-chù hêng-sêng ê sî, bô-kâng sèng-chit (*trait*) ê ûi-thoân-chú ê kò-pia̍t (to̍k-li̍p) hun-lî.\n\n* **Hián-sèng hoat-chek** (*law of dominance*), kóng ū-ê allele sī hián-sèng (*dominant*), ū-ê sī ún-sèng (*recessive*), nā siōng-bô ū chi̍t-ê hián-sèng allele ê seng-bu̍t-thé, i sin-ku-téng sī piáu-hiān hián-sèng allele ê éng-hióng.","meta":{"title":"Mendel ê hoat-chek","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[654,1542,0.42412451361867703],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1846}} -{"text":"**Chiu-lêng**-koān (周寧縣) ūi-tì tī Hok-kiàn-séng tang-pak-pō͘, tē-lí ūi-tì tī pak-úi 26°53′ kàu 27°19′ chi-kan, tang-keng 119°06′ kàu 119°29′ chi-kan. Tang-pêng sī Hok-an (福安), sai-pêng kah Chèng-hô (政和) kau-kài, pak-péng sī Siū-lêng (壽寧), tang-lâm-pō͘ kah Lêng-tek kau-kài, sai-lâm-pō͘ kah Pêng-lâm (屏南) keh chit-tiâu khe. Thó͘-tē chóng-bīn-chek 1046 pêng-hong kong-lí. Tē-chhù Chiū-hong-soaⁿ (鷲峰山) tang-pêng soaⁿ-kha, tē-sè iû sai hiòng tang thán-chhiâ, pêng-kin hái-poa̍t 800 kong-chhioh, koān-siâⁿ hái-poa̍t 880 gōa kong-chhioh, sī choân-kok siōng-kài koân ê, ū \"Ko-san Bêng-chu\" ê chheng-hō.\n\nKéng-lāi chú-iàu khe-liû 18 tiâu, chòe-tōa ê Lêng-têng-khe (龍亭溪) tī kéng-lāi ū 56 kong-lí tn̂g. Sio̍k tiong-a-jia̍t-tài kùi-hong soaⁿ-tē khì-hāu, tang-thiⁿ khah tn̂g hē-thiⁿ khah té. Kàng-ú-liōng chhiong-chiok. Nî pêng-kin khì-un 14.6℃, nî kàng-súi-liōng 2069 hô-bí, hō͘-lâng kiò-chòe \"thian-jiân khong-tiâu-siâⁿ\".\n\nGoân-lâi Chiu-lêng sī sio̍k-û Lêng-tek-koān koán-hat ê. Bîn-kok 24 nî (1935-nî) siat Chiu-tun Te̍k-chéng-khu (周墩特種區), ti̍t-lē Hok-kiàn sêng-hu. Bîn-kok 34-nî 8-goe̍h seng siat Chiu-lêng-koān, Sai-siâⁿ (獅城) sī koān-chèng-hú ê só͘-chāi-tē, tiàm-tī koān-kéng tiong-pō͘ Tang-iûⁿ-khe ê khe-kîⁿ, lî séng-hōe Hok-chiu 238 kong-lí, sī choân-koān ê chéng-ti, keng-chè, bûn-hòa tiong-sim.\n\n2012 nî-bóe, choân-koān koán 6-ê tìn, 3-ê hiong, 141-ê chhun-úi-hōe, 5-ê siā-khu, 2-ê ku-úi-hōe, hō͘-che̍k jîn-kháu 20.36 bān lâng. Keng-lāi hàn-cho̍k chiàm 99%, sió-sò͘-bîn-cho̍k chú-iàu sī siâ-cho̍k, thong-hêng bân-gí bân-tang-gí (chek bân-tang hong-giân) hok-an-ōe, tān-sī kháu-im siong-chha chin-chē. Kong-lō͘ í 302 séng-tō ûi chú-kàn, Lêng-siong Ko-sok-kong-lō͘ koàn-chhoan keng-lāi.\n\nKiàn-chè Iân-kek\n----------------\n\nChiu-lêng kó͘-chá-sî sī sio̍k-û \"Chhit-bân-tē\" (七閩地). Chhun-chhiu sio̍k Oa̍t, chiàn-kok sio̍k Chhó͘. Chîn sio̍k Bân-tiong-kūn (閩中郡). Se-hàn ûi Bân-oa̍t-kok (閩越國), Tong-hàn sio̍k Hōe-ke-kūn (會稽郡), Sam-kok sio̍k Kiàn-an-kūn (建安郡), Chìn-lâm-tiâu sio̍k Un-bâ-koān (溫麻縣), Sûi-tiâu sio̍k Goân-hong-koān (原豐縣),(Bân-koān (閩縣)). Tn̂g-tiāu sio̍k Tn̂g-khoe-koān (長溪縣). Gó͘-tāi bân liông-khí goân-nî (933-nî) khai-sí sio̍k-û lêng-tek-koān (寧德縣), sòng-chho͘ ûi Chheng-tiân-hiuⁿ (青田鄉) Tang-iûⁿ-lí (東洋里). Bêng ka-chēng 35-nî (1556-nî) kiàn Tang-iuⁿ Hêng-koān (東洋行縣), iû Lêng-tek-koān chú-phō͘ koán-lí. Chheng iong-chèng 13-nî (1735-nî), hun-koah Tang-iûⁿ-lí 15 kàu 18 to͘ siat Tang-iûⁿ hun-koān, iû lêng-tek-koān koān-sêng chù-tī, kong-sū 33-nî (1907-nî) kóe iû koān-chó (縣佐) chù-tī.\n\nBîn-kok goân-nî (1912), Tang-iûⁿ Hun-Kōan khai-sí iû Lêng-tek-kōan phài Hun-chù-oân koán-lí. Bîn-kok 3-nî koh-chài siat kōan-chò. Bîn-kok 18-nî, chhú-siau kōan-chò siat-tī Kéng-chhat-só͘, chong-ha̍p koán-lí hat-khu hêng-chèng sū-bū. Bîn-kok 19-nî kái-siat Kong-an-hun-kio̍k. Bîn-kok 22-nî 6-ge̍h kái-siat Lêng-tek-kōan tē-5-khu. Bîn-kok 24-nî 6-ge̍h kái-siat Chiu-tun Tek-chéng-khu, thoat-lī Lêng-tek-kōan ê koán-hat, ti̍t-sio̍k Hok-kiàn-séng Tē-it Hêng-chèng Tok-chhat-khu (Kong-sú tī Tn̂g-lo̍k. Bîn-kok 25-nî 2-ge̍h, koh-chài kái-sêng Lêng-tek-kōan Tē-saⁿ-khu. Bîn-kok 26-nî 1-ge̍h, chài hoe-ho̍k Chiu-lêng Tek-chéng-khu, lē-sio̍k Tē-it Hêng-chèng Tok-chhat-khu. Bîn-kok 32-nî 9-ge̍h, kái lē-sio̍k Tē-poeh Hêng-chèng Tok-chhat-khu.\n\nBîn-kok 34-nî 8-ge̍h 1-ji̍t kái kōan, í Chiu-tun, Lêng-tek nn̄g-ê só͘-chai ê thâu-chi̍t-ê jī chhú-miâ Chiu-lêng-koān, koān-tī tī Sai-siâⁿ, koán-hat thó͘-tē 639.6 pêng-hong kong-lí, lé-siok Tē-poeh Hêng-chèng Tok-chhat-khu (Bîn-kok 36-nî 4-ge̍h, kái-chheng Tē-it hêng-chèng tok-chhat-khu).\n\nBîn-kok 37-nî 9-ge̍h, Lêng-tek sek Hâm-sam-hiuⁿ 127.7 pêng-hong kong-lí kui Chiu-lêng-koān koán, choan-koān bīn-chek cheng-ka kàu 767.3 pêng-hong kong-lí.\n\n1949-nî 6-goe̍h 28-ji̍t, Chiu-lêng hô-pêng kái-hòng. 9-goe̍h 1-ji̍t, sêng-li̍p Chiu-lêng-koān Jîn-bîn Bîn-chú Chèng-hú. 11-goe̍h 12-ji̍t, sêng-li̍p Chiu-lêng-koān Jîn-bîn Chèng-hú, lē-sio̍k Hok-an Choan-oân Kong-sú.\n\n1955-nî 9-goe̍h, Siū-lêng-koān ōe-chhut tē-la̍k-khu (hiān-chú-sî Sûn-tî-hiuⁿ ê 11 ê hêng-chèng-chhun kah Sì-kiô-hiuⁿ choân-pō͘ ê 278.7 pêng-hong kong-lí, kui Chiu-lêngkoān koán-hat, choân-koān bīn-chek cheng-ka kàu 1046 pêng-hong kong-lí.\n\n1970-nî 7-goe̍h khai-sí, lē-sio̍k Lêng-tek Tē-khu.\n\nBîn-kok goân-nî (1912-nî), Tang-iûⁿ Hun-koān khai-sí iû Lêng-tek-koān phài hun-chù-oân tī-lí. Bîn-kok 3-nî tiông-sin siat koān-chò (縣佐). Bîn-kok 18-nî, chhú-siau koān-chò siat kéng-chhat-só͘, chong-ha̍p koán-lí hat-khu hêng-chèng sū-bū. Bîn-kok 19-nî kai-siat Kong-an Hun-kio̍k. Bîn-kok 22-nî 6-goe̍h, kai-siat Lêng-tek-koān tē-gō͘-khu. Bîn-kok 24-nî 6-goe̍h kai-siat Chiu-tun Tek-chéng-khu, thoat-lî Lêng-tek-koān ê koán-hat, ti̍t-sio̍k Hok-kiàn-séng Tē-it Hêng-chèng Tok-chhat-khu (Kong-sú tī Tn̂g-la̍k ). Bîn-kok 25-nî 2-goe̍h, koh-chài kái-sêng Lêng-tek-koān Tē-saⁿ-khu. Bîn-kok 26-nî 1-goe̍h, hoe-ho̍k ûi Chiu-tun Tek-chéng-khu, lē-sio̍k lē-sio̍k Tē-it Hêng-chèng Tok-chhat-khu. Bîn-kok 32-nî 9-goe̍h, lē-sio̍k Tē-poeh Hêng-chèng Tok-chhat-khu.\n\nBîn-kok 34-nî 8-goe̍h 1-ji̍t siat koān, èng Chiu-tun (周墩) kah Lêng-tek (寧德) nn̄g-ê tē-miâ ê thâu-chi̍t-ê jī khí-miâ kiò Chiu-lêng-koān, koān-chèng-hú só͘-chāi-tē tī Sai-siâⁿ (獅城), koán-hat bīn-chek 639.6 pêng-hong kong-lí, lē-sio̍k Tē-poeh Hêng-chèng Tok-chhat-khu (bîn-kok 36-nî 4-goe̍h, kái-chheng Tē-it Hêng-chèng Tok-chhat-khu).\n\nBîn-kok 37-nî 9-goe̍h, Lêng-tek-koān sek Hâm-sam-hiuⁿ (咸杉鄉) 127.7 pêng-hong kong-lí kui Chiu-lêng-koān koán, choân-koān bīn-chek cheng-ka kàu 767.3 pêng-hong kong-lí.\n\n1949-nî 6goe̍h 28-ji̍t, Chiu-lêng kái-hòng. 9-goe̍h 1-ji̍t, sêng-li̍p Chiu-lêng-koān Jîn-bîn-bîn-chú-chèng-hú. 11-goe̍h 12-ji̍t, sêng-li̍p Chiu-lêng-koān Jîn-bîn-chèng-hú, lē-sio̍k Hok-an Choan-oân Kong-sú.\n\n1955-nî 9goe̍h, Siū-lêng-koān ōe-chhut Tē-la̍k-khu (hiān-chú-sî Sûn-tî-hiuⁿ ê 11 ê hêng-chèng-chhun kah Sì-kiô-hiuⁿ choân-hiuⁿ) bīn-chek 278.7 pêng-hong kong-lí, kui Chiu-lêng-koān koán-hat, choân-koān bīn-chek cheng-ka kàu 1046 pêng-hong kong-lí.\n\n1970-nî 7-goe̍h khí, se-sio̍k Lêng-tek Tē-khu.\n\nHêng-chèng Khu-ōa\n-----------------\n\nLé-mn̂g-hiuⁿ||350925201||Lé-mn̂g, 仕本, 贡川, Toa-pi, 芹源、常源、 秋楼、玉山、大林、Khe-soaⁿ, 梅渡、油湾、Âu-lâng, Tân-siàu, Soaⁿ-thâu, 首洞, Lâi-pîⁿ\n\n| Hiuⁿ∕Tìn | Hêng-chèng Tāi-bé | Chhoan-bîn Úi-oân-hōe, Ku-bîn Úi-oân-hōe, Siā-khu Miâ-chheng\n |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Sai-siâⁿ-tìn | 350925100 | 龙潭、安后、洋尾、坂头、虎岗、前坪、陈凤、洋庄、桥南、长安、中兴、城西、东源、兴福\n |\n| Âm-chhun-tìn | 350925101 | Iûⁿ-tiong, Chhoan-tiong, Chiūⁿ-póaⁿ, Âm-iûⁿ, Ûi-mn̂g, Chiam-ke-iûⁿ, Chó-niá, Khò͘-lōa, Ô͘-bit-tē, Chiuⁿ-goân, 碧岩, Lâm-mn̂g-lâu, Mûi-soaⁿ, Pîⁿ-khiⁿ, Chiong-kǹg, Chhiū-m̂-thâi,Ē-khàm, Koân-chià-thâu, Gô͘-tông-khiⁿ, Chhia-pôaⁿ, Khîn-chhun, Tê-kńg, Thong-hā-soaⁿ, Âm-chhun |\n| Pó͘-tau-tìn | 350925102 | Pó͘-tau, 西坑、五源坑、龙亭、紫云、端源、官司、江源、萌源、khe-pîⁿ, 东升、萌底、Pòaⁿ-niá, 龙住院、进登、Chiūⁿ-iûⁿ, 吴山底\n |\n| Chhit-pō͘-tìn | 350925103 | Chhit-pō͘, 登科地、龙溪、桐岔、象运、Poeh-pó͘, Niá-thâu, Āu-iûⁿ, 柿洋、Koeh-iûⁿ, 官洋, Khe-thâu, 宅头, Iûⁿ-thâu, Khiⁿ-mn̂g-té, 徐家山、黄家山、竹下、苏家山、Gô͘-peh-iûⁿ\n |\n| Lí-tun-tìn | 350925104 | Lí-tun, Tang-soaⁿ, N̂g-po͘, Tân-chhù, Chè-ē, 际头, Goán-iûⁿ-tiong, Goán-ke-tōng, Lâu-pîⁿ, Khîn-khe\n |\n| Sûn-tî-tìn | 350925105 | Sûn-tî, khe-bóe, 祖龙、禾溪、桃坑、桃园、前溪、林源、后溪、莲地、底源、西山、Saⁿ-mn̂g-kiô, 庭洋中、儒源、福山、豪阳、向阳\n |\n| Sì-kiô-hiuⁿ | 350925200 | Sì-kiô, Chhiah-gâm, Chiu-tun, Âng-iûⁿ, 坂坑、洋尾弄、常洋、杨厝边、垓窑、下西坑、溪口、下楼\n |\n|\n| Bé-khiⁿ-hiuⁿ | 350925202 | Bé-khiⁿ, 升阳, Tang-khiⁿ, Ē-khiⁿ, Chhiah-iûⁿ, 长峰, Sam-iông, 宝岭、紫竹、溪边、沈洋、首章、灵凤山、芹太丘、Hàu-tē\n |\n\nTē-lí Khoân-kéng\n----------------\n\n### Tē-Māu\n\n周宁地处鹫峰山脉东麓，地势由西北向东南倾斜。境内峰峦起伏、山陡谷深、溪谷错综。境内平均海拔在800米以上，最高点龙岗头，海拔1506米；最低点街头亭，海拔仅65米；县城所在地狮城镇海拔880米。千米以上的高峰282座，县城海拔880米，居福建省之首。\n\n鹫峰山脉的主体部分在境内连绵起伏，形成海拔800米以上的中山地貌、海拔500米以上至800米的低山地貌和海拔500米以下的丘陵地貌。周宁东南部县境距海岸74公里。\n\n地貌有中山、低山、丘陵三大类型，中山占全县土地面积的61%，是用材林和单季稻、牧、茶区；低山占26.7%，是水源涵养林和粮、茶区；丘陵地占12.3%，是双季稻和主要经济作物区。\n\n境内水系发达，天然落差大，水电资源可开发利用大约37万千瓦。\n\n### Khì-hāu\n\nChiu-lêng-koān sio̍k Tiong-a-jia̍t-tài hái-iûⁿ-sìⁿ kùi-hong soaⁿ-tē khì-hāu, sù-kùi hun-bêng. Kôaⁿ-thiⁿ tn̂g, joa̍h-thiⁿ té, chōe-hō͘. 2010-nî pêng-kin khì-un 15.5℃, ke̍k-toan chòe-koân khì-un 32.9℃, ke̍k-toan chòe-kē khì-un -5.2℃, nî kàng-chúi-liōng 2130.7-hô-bí, kàng-hō͘ thiⁿ-sò͘ 192 kang, ji̍t-chiàu sî-sò͘ 1617-sió-sî. Hái-poa̍t lo̍k-chha sûi-ti̍t chha-ī tōa, jia̍t-liōng chu-goân mā hun-pò͘ chha-ī tōa, hêng-sêng li̍p-thé ê lông-gia̍p khì-hāu. Hái-poa̍t 400-bí i-hā ê khì-hāu kah Tiong-a-jia̍t-tài-hêng saⁿ-sâng, ē-ēng chèng sang-kùi-tiū kah a-jia̍t-tài chúi-kó-chhiū kah kî-tha keng-chè chok-bu̍t. Te̍k-pia̍t sī tī hái-poa̍t 200-bí i-hā ê te-khiu-tē-khu, bô-sng-kî tn̂g, oa̍t-tang tiâu-kiāⁿ hó, sī Chiu-lêng-koān jia̍t-liōng chu-goân ê chòe-hó ê só͘-chāi. Hái-poa̍t 400 kàu 850-bí ê ko-khiu, te-soaⁿ-tē-khu, jia̍t-liōng kah pak-a-jia̍t-tài saⁿ-sâng, ē-ēng chèng khah m̄-kiaⁿ-kôaⁿ ê a-jia̍t-tài chúi-kó-chhiū kah ko-sò͘-chit ê tê-hio̍h. 850-bí í-siōng ê tiong-soaⁿ tē-khu, jia̍t-liōng tiâu-kiāⁿ kah lâm-un-tài saⁿ-sâng, sī phiah-sú-san-chong kiàn-siat, kho-ki-lâu, chok-ka-chhù téng-téng lú-iû-gia̍p ê khai-hoat lī-iōng, thê-kiong liông-hó ê khì-hāu chu-goân.\n\nChiu-lêng-koān hō͘-liōng chhiong-phài, chúi-hun chu-goân chhiong-chiok, lông-chok-bu̍t seng-tióng-kùi (khì-un 10-tō͘ í-siōng) pêng-kin hō͘-liōng ta̍t 1300 kàu 1600 hô-bí. Mûi-ú kah hong-thai kùi-chiat ū-sî ū pok-hō͘.\n\nChū-jiân Chu-goân\n-----------------\n\n### Khòng-sán\n\n周宁历史上曾有过银、铁采炼，已探明矿藏有16种，主要有明矾石、珍珠岩、高岭土、稀土、花岗石料、矿泉水及钨、铁、钼、铅、锌、银等矿藏地27处，其中：中小型矿床7个，矿石20个，各类矿化点28个。在储矿藏中，已探明珍珠岩储量61.24吨、明矾石储量251.2万吨、高岭土储量1079万吨、泥煤储量23.5万吨。潜在矿种有银、花岗石料、叶腊石等。\n\n### Chhiū-nâ\n\n内森林植被属于常绿温暖照叶林地带。植被有12个类型，46个群丛，有大量的药用植物和禽兽类资源，虽经历几次较大幅度的消长过程，仍不失原貌。\n\n1973年起，先后进行3次森林资源调查。至1987年，全县森林林分年平均总生长量由7.17万立方米提高到7.19万立方米，以马尾松、杉木人工林为主的针叶树种，分布广、生长快、产量高，林相整齐，构成新型的植被类型。[4] \n境内林业用地为典型的地带性特征，主要为红壤和黄壤，分布在中山、低山、丘陵地带。1981年林业区划，进行第一次全县林地土壤普查，计有林业用地120万亩，占土地总面积的76.48%，划分为3个土类，8个亚类，17个土属。在各类土壤面积中，红壤795639亩，占林业用地66.35%；黄壤376590亩，占31.41%；紫色土26881亩，占2.24%。全县林业用地土壤均属酸性，其中：一类地面积837564亩，占土类面积的69.8%，主要土类有黄壤、黄红壤、暗红壤、水花红壤、红壤等，多分布在礼门、李墩、浦源、纯池等低丘地段；二类地面积358099亩，占土类面积29.9%，主要土类为粗骨红壤、粗骨黄壤、紫色土，多分布在礼门、七步、咸村、浦源、玛坑的高丘地段；三类土地面积3447亩，占总面积的0.3%，主要土类是粗骨红壤，分布在七步、咸村、玛坑等地的山脊、山顶及陡坡地段；有少量分布在溪河两岸、山顶、山脊上的岩石裸露地为四类地。\n\n1987年，全县林业用地面积1187832亩，占土地总面积的75.7%。[5] \n\n### Keng-tē\n\n民国时期，耕地面积以主产物收获量折算，茶园与农地混合，面积失实。民国31年（1942年），编查耕地面积合计为11.06万亩。民国34年经复查核实，耕地总面积为10.84万亩。民国37年9月，宁德县咸村划归周宁，全县耕地总面积为16.92万亩，农业人均2.31亩。\n\n建国后，经过土地改革和农业合作化运动，农民生产积极性高，陆续开垦耕地。至1956年全县耕地增至18.39万亩，农业人均2.28亩。1960年经济困难时期，部分边远耕地抛荒，1963年陆续垦复耕作。此后，由于国家和社、队兴修水利、建设公路、办工厂、农村基建、机关单位建房以及其他占用等，1979年，全县只剩耕地14.50万亩，农业人均1.12亩，与1956年比，减3.89万亩。1980年后，贯彻《土地法》，对耕地实行依法管理，制止滥占耕地。1988年，全县耕地面积增至14.71万亩，但由于人口增加，农业人均却降至1.02亩。\n\n据农业区划普查，1980年全县水田10万亩，农地4.5万亩，合计耕地14.5万亩。耕地地处海拔800米以上的占59.59%，500至800米的占26.43%，500米以下的占13.98%。水田中分布在溪谷平地田占15.26%，缓坡地山垅田占32.17%，梯田占47.14%，溪岸边田占5.44%；农地中，处于25度以上坡地占17.40%，15至25度山地占32.70%，6至15度缓坡地占41.60%，6度以下占8.30%。\n\n耕地土壤类型分布，水田中，渗育型占53.46%，潴育型占29.88%，潜育型占16.66%；农地中，红土占41.45%，黄泥土占55.02%，紫色土占2.25%，冲积土占1.29%。\n\n水田有机质和磷、钾含量状况为，缺磷、缺钾面积分别占水田总面积的92.3%和67.66%。内涵冷烂酸锈毒等低产障碍因素的中、低产田面积多达7.8万亩，占水田总面积78%。[6]\n\nJîn-kháu kah Bîn-cho̍k\n----------------------\n\n### Jîn-kháu\n\nChiu-lêng-koān kéng-lāi jîn-kháu hun-pò͘ bô pêng-kin, khe-liû nn̄g-hoaⁿ phûn-tē jîn-kháu khah chōe, khah koân khah hn̂g ê soaⁿ-khu jîn-kháu khah chió.\n\nBîn-kok 34-nî (1.945), choân-koān jîn-kháu 48057 lâng, thó͘-tē bīn-chek 639.6 pêng-hong kong-lí, jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ múi pêng-hong kong-lí 75.1 lâng.\n\nKiàn-kok liáu-āu, jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ bān-bān piàn-chōe. Àn-chiàu múi pêng-hong kong-lí pêng-kin jîn-sò͘ lâi kè-sǹg, 1954-nî 77.7 lâng, 1964-nî tē-jī-pái jîn-kháu phó͘-cha sî 94 lâng, 1982-nî tē-saⁿ-pái jîn-kháu phó͘-cha sî 139 lâng, 1988-nî seng kàu 150 lâng, kî-tiong Sai-siâⁿ-tìn jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ chòe-chè, ta̍t-kàu 407lâng, Sûn-tî-hiuⁿ chòe-chió nā-ū 100 lâng.\n\n### Bîn-cho̍k\n\nChiu-lêng tōa-pō͘-hūn sī hàn-cho̍k. Kái-hòng chêng sió-sò͘-bîn-cho̍k kan-na ū siâ-cho̍k. Àn-chiàu 1953-nî jîn-kháu phó͘-cha, choân-koān hàn-cho̍k 62984 lâng, chiàm chóng-jîn-kháu ê 98.98%; siâ-cho̍k 646 lâng, chiàm 1.02%. Āu-piah, in-ūi kang-chok, hun-in, thàn-chîⁿ téng-téng ê goan-in, ū kî-tha sió-sò͘-bîn-cho̍k chhian-ji̍p. 1982-nî jîn-kháu phó͘-cha sî, choân-koān hàn-cho̍k 143754 lâng, chiàm chóng-jîn-kháu ê 99.01%; sió-sò͘-bîn-cho̍k 7 ê, chóng-kiōng 1438 lâng, chiàm 0.99%. Kî-tiong siâ-cho̍k 1407 lâng, chòng-cho̍k 19 lâng, biô-cho̍k 6 lâng, ko-san-cho̍k 3 lâng, bán-cho̍k, hôe-cho̍k, î-cho̍k kak 1 lâng. Kah 1964-nî jîn-kháu phó͘-cha siong-tùi-pí, hàn-cho̍k jîn-kháu cheng-ka 45989 lâng, cheng-tióng 47.04%; sió-sò͘-bîn-cho̍k jîn-kháu cheng-ka 472 lâng, cheng-ka 48.86%.\n\nHàn-cho̍k jîn-kháu phiàn-pò͘ choân-koān kak-tē, siâ-cho̍k jîn-kháu chú-iàu tiàm-tī Sai-siâⁿ, Âm-chhun (Hâm-chhun), Bé-khiⁿ, Chhit-pō͘ téng 4 ê hiuⁿ-tìn ê 26 ê chū-jiân-chhun. Kî-tiong ÂM-chhun-tìn (Hâm-chhun-tìm) ê Ûi-mn̂g-chhun (Ûn-bûn-chhun) siat-ū siâ-cho̍k chhun-úi-hōe.\n\nKeng-chè Khài-hóng\n------------------\n\n### Thé-chè iân-kek\n\n### Le̍k-sú hoat-tián\n\nSán-phín siau-lō͘ iā-hó. 2011-nî oân-sêng siau-siū sán-ta̍t 415147-bān kho͘, cheng-tióng 24.8%; kang-gia̍p-phín siau-siū-lu̍t ta̍t 99.9%, pí téng-nî tông-kî ke 1.0%. Kang-gia̍p-phín sán-liōng ū cheng-ka ū kiám-chió, kî-tiong hoat-tiān-liōng hā-kàng 49.3%, chù-kiāⁿ cheng-tióng 32.6%, cheng-chè tê-hio̍h cheng-tióng 25.9%, Ou-cheng-khòng (鎢精礦 cheng-tióng 7.0-pōe-su.\n\nKau-thong Ūn-su\n---------------\n\n1959-nî í-chêng, choân-koān ê ūn-su ki-pún sī khò lâng taⁿ.\n\n1959-nî 5-ge̍h, Sió-phó͘ (Sió-kó͘-tìn kàu Phó͘-siâⁿ) kong-lō͘ Sài-phó͘ (Sài-kiâ kàu Phó͘-siâⁿ) toān thong-chhia. Sió-phó͘ kong-lō͘ Sài-phó͘ toān thong-chhia liáu-āu, khì-chhia kah kî-tha ki-tōng-chhia bān-bān chhú-tāi jîn-le̍k lâi ūn-su. Tong-nî nî-tóe, tī \"Kiōng-sán-hong\" ē éng-hióng ē, choân-koān bô-siông tiàu-ēng lô-le̍k kah bu̍t-chu, cho͘-chit bîn-kang kah ki-kang 5092 lâng, tâu-kiàn Lê-pîⁿ kàu gōa-piáu, siâⁿ-koan kàu Sûn-tî, Chhit-pō͘ kau Lí-tun 3 tiâu kong-lō͘, in-ūi tong-sî kok-bîn keng-chè khùn-lân, hun-pia̍t tī 1960-nî 4-ge̍h kah 1961-nî 2-ge̍h thêng-kiàn.\n\n1965-nî tang-thiⁿ, cho͘-chit choân-koān bîn-kang kè-siok kiàn-siat, kóng-tāi kàn-pō͘ kûn-chiòng bô-koán Bûn-hòa Tōa-kek-bēng ê éng-hióng, kian-chhî kiàn-siat.\n\n1965-nî kàu 1976-nî, siān-hiō kiàn-sêng kong-lō͘ 8-tiâu 105.43 kong-lí (bē pau-khoat Mâ-niá kun-ēng kong-lō͘). Si̍t-hiān choân-koān thong kong-lō͘. Kong-lō͘ iân-sòaⁿ chhoan-bîn khai-sí í pán-chhia ūn mi̍h-kiāⁿ, í kha-ta̍h-chhia tāi-pō͘.\n\n1983-nî í-āu, chhia-liōng khai-sí tōa-liōng cheng-ka, kong-lō͘ chhut-hiān--liáu hō͘-siong kēng-cheng ê kéng-siōng. Khah-khoah khah-sóng, ko-hāu koh-khah chiat-lêng ê sin-hêng chhia-liōng bān-bān khai-sí lâu-ji̍p chhī-tiûⁿ.\n\n1988-nî nî-té, choân-koān chóng-kiōng ū kong-lō͘ 32-tiâu, chóng-tn̂g 301.3 kong-lí. Pêng-kin múi chi̍t-pah pêng-hong kong-lí ū kong-lō͘ 28.8 kong-lí, thong-chhia--liáu ê hêng-chèng-chhun 86-ê, chiàm choân-koān hêng-chèng-chhun sò͘-liōng ê 61.4%, chho͘-pō͘ hêng-sêng í Sai-siâⁿ ûi tiong-sim ê kong-lō͘ kau-thong-bāng. Hok-chiu, Phó͘-siâⁿ, Siāu-bú, Sūn-chhiong, Lâm-pêng, Hâ-phó͘ kah Chiat-kang Chiong-lâm, ké-ū tong-ji̍t ti̍t-ta̍t kheh-chhia, thiat-té kái-piàn--liáu tn̂g-kî kau-thong bô-hong-piān ê lo̍k-hō͘ bīn-māu. Tān-sī m̄-koh koh-ū phian-oán soaⁿ-khu chhun kau-thong koh-sī bô-hong-piān, mi̍h-kiāⁿ iû-goân sī lâng jîn-le̍k lâi taⁿ.\n\n2012-nî, Lêng-siōng ko-sok Chiu-lêng toān thong-chhia, chhut-hêng lú-lâi-lú-hong-piān.\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\n### Gí-giân\n\nChiu-lêng-ōe sio̍k-û í hok-chiu-ōe ûi tāi-piáu ê bân-tang hong-giân pak-phiàn, kéng-lāi thong-hêng ê sī koān-siâⁿ Sai-siâⁿ-tīn kháu-im ûi tāi-piáu ê chiu-lêng-ōe.\nChiu-lêng-koān kiàn-koān í-chêng (1935-nî) siat-ū Chiu-tun te̍k-chéng-khu (周墩特种区), só͘-í chiu-lêng-ōe mā kiò-chòe **chiu-tun-ōe** (周墩话). Le̍k-sú-siōng, Chiu-lêng in-ūi phian-phiah, kah séng-siâⁿ Hok-chiu thài-hn̄g, ka-siōng kau-thong bô-piān, kah gōa-tē ê chiap-chhiok bô-hong-piān, tong-tē hong-giân í-keng kah Hok-chiu-ōe ū khah-chōe ê khu-pia̍t, siong-tùi kah hok-an-ōe khah chiap-kīn. In-chhú, chiu-lêng-ōe kah bân-tang pak-phiàn ê tē-hong-ōe kâng-khoán, chi̍t-hong-biān pí lâm-phiàn ê hok-chiu-ōe pó-liû koh-khah-chōe ê kó͘-hàn-gí te̍k-tiám, tong-sî ū ka-kī pún-sin ê te̍k-sek.\n\n \n\n### Ím-sit\n\nChú-si̍t: kái-hòng chêng, lông-bîn chú-si̍t sī tōa-bí, han-chî-bí, bô-chîⁿ-lâng í han-chî-bí chò chú-si̍t. Kái-hòng liáu-āu, jîn-bîn ê seng-oa̍h bān-bān piàn-hó, í tōa-bí chò chú-si̍t, chham-cha̍p han-chî-bí. 80 nî-tāi, si̍t-hêng lông-gia̍p seng-sán ke-têng sêng-pau chek-jīm-chè liáu-āu, niû-si̍t ta̍k-nî cheng-sán, tōa-pō͘-hūn lông-bîn chú-iàu chia̍h tōa-bí, ū-sî chia̍h mī-hún si̍t-phín, han-chî-bí ēng-lâi chhī-ti.\n\nChhài-soe: Koān-lâi chhài-soe phín-chéng chú-iàu ū kòa-chhài, chhài-thâu, iû-chhài, hoe-pân-chhài, èng-chhài, âng-thâu-chhài (pe-lêng-chhài), 牛皮菜, pe̍h-chhài, 芥蓝包, 萁菜, khîn-chhài, hēng-chhài, kú-chhài, 魔芋, soaⁿ-ō͘, chhân-ō͘-á, chî, sù-kùi-tāu, píⁿ-tāu, tn̂g-tāu, 玉豆, n̂g-tāu, bí-tāu, iûⁿ-chhiu-tau, kiô (âng-chhài), pe̍h-pû, tang-koe, chhài-koe, khó͘-koe, ha̍p-chióng-koe (chióng-koe), kim-chiam, mâ-sún, kaⁿ-sún (kau-pe̍h kah kiuⁿ, soàn-thâu, pak-chhang, loa̍h-chio téng. Lông-bîn chhù nā-sī chhiⁿ-chhài khah-chē, he̍k-chiá sī pha̍k--seng chhài-koaⁿ, he̍k-chiá sī ka-iâm sīⁿ hó, kiò-chòe àng-chhài, siông-nî khó-í chia̍h.\n\nChúi-kó: Chú-iàu ū lâi-á, thô-á, kaⁿ, khī-á, chui, chhiū-m̂, kaⁿ-ná, pî-pê. Kûn-chiòng chia̍h-ê kaⁿ kah pêng-kó téng chúi-kó chú-iàu-sī gōa-tē ji̍p--lâi ê.\n\nChiú: Kū-sî kûn-chiòng chhù-lāi ka-kī kek n̂g-chiú, pe̍h-chiú (pe̍h-sio), han-chî-chiú. Kái-hòng liáu-āu, koān chiú-chhiúⁿ seng-sán hó͘-kut-bo̍k-koe-chiú, pe̍h-chu̍t-chiú, tîn-lâi-chiú (猕猴桃酒) téng. Kî-tha chiú ké-sī tùi gōa-tē ín-chìn ê.\n\nHong-kéng Bêng-sèng\n-------------------\n\nBêng-sèng-kó͘-chiah ū lí-hî-khoe, káu-liông-chià pho̍k-pò͘-kûn, tih-chúi-gâm, lêng-hong-sī, pián-hok-tōng, khîn-soaⁿ-ô͘, sian-hōng-soaⁿ, āu-lâng-khoe tōa-kiap-kok, chheng-nî kó͘-sat lêng-hong-sī, goân-tāi khiā-ê hong-kóng-sī, chio̍h-mn̂g-soaⁿ, koaⁿ-soaⁿ, Poeh-pô͘ liông-chíⁿ, kì-liām-tē ū tiong-kiōng bân-tang te̍k-úi kū-chí, tiong-kiōng chiu-tun tiong-sim koān-úi sêng-li̍p-tē kū-chí, tōa-chêng-pîⁿ âng-kun siu-hâi-só͘ kū-chí.\n\nLú-iû chu-goân hong-hù.\nKeng-lāi ū hái-kiap sai-hōaⁿ tē-it ê Káu-liông-chià pho̍k-pò͘-kûn,\nū \"Tiong-hôa kî-koan\" ê Lí-hî-khoe, nn̄g-ê kéng-tiám sī \"Tiong-kok oân-bí ká-kî 10-ka lú-iû sòaⁿ-lō͘\" ê tē-saⁿ-miâ, sī \"Bân-tang-pak chhin-chúi-iû\" sòaⁿ-lō͘ ê tiōng-iàu chó͘-sêng pō͘-hūn.\nŪ chài-ji̍p \"Sû-hái\" ê \"8-bân siú-kéng\" ê Tih-chúi-gâm.\nŪ séng-kip chhiū-nâ Sian-hong-soaⁿ, ū pu̍t-kàu sèng-tē Hong-kóng-sī, chheng-nî kó͘-sat Lêng-hong-sī, jîn-kang-ô͘ Khîn-soaⁿ-ô͘, bân-tang ê Se-siang-pán-la̍p Āu-lâng-tōa-kiap-kok kah pián-hok-tōng téng-téng chit-phoe ū-miâ ê lú-iû kéng-tiám, sī Hôa-tang tē-khu ê lú-iû sèng-tē.\n\n### Lí-hî-khoe\n\n**Lí-hî-khoe** (鯉魚溪) tī Chiu-lêng-koān siâⁿ-koan sai-pêng 5 kong-lí hn̂g ê **Pó͘-tau-chhun** (**Pó͘-goân-chhun**) tiong, sī chi̍t-ê 4A kip kéng-khu. Chhun lāi-bīn lâng ké m̄-chiah lí-hî, hó-hó pó-hō͘ lí-hî. Kàu lí-hî sì liáu-āu, lâng chìn-hêng gî-sit, chiong lí-hî sàng-ji̍p khì chi̍t-ê lí-hî-bōng lāi-piah. Lâng kah lí-hî hô-hâi chòe-tīn seng-oa̍h.\n\n### Káu-liông-chià Pho̍k-pò͘-kûn\n\n**Káu-liông-chià** pho̍k-pò͘-kûn (九龍漈瀑布群), pho̍k-pò͘ chóng lo̍h-chha 300-gōa bí, lâng-chheng \"Hôa-tang tē-it, choân-kok chió-ū\". 1987-nî teng-kì--ji̍p tē-it-phoe séng-kip hong-kéng-bêng-sèng-khu. 2013-nî 8-goe̍h hō͘ choân-kok lú-iû kéng-khu chit-liōng phêng-tēng úi-oân-hōe phoe-chún ûi kok-ka 4A-kip lú-iû-kéng-khu.\nTē-it-kip pho̍k-pò͘ siōng-kài chòng-koan, koân 46.7 bí, khoah 76 bí, hong-súi-kî khó͘-í ta̍t-kàu 83 bí. Téng-thâu ū chi̍t-ê ti̍t-kèng 14-bí ê khut-á hō͘-lâng kiò-chòe \"liông-gán\". Tē-la̍k-kip kàu tē-káu-kip siong-liân, lâng-chheng \"sì-tia̍p-pho̍k\".\n\n### Thah-soaⁿ Kong-hn̂g\n\n**Thah-soaⁿ kong-hn̂g** (塔山公園) tī tang-pō͘ ê chio̍h-sún-kǹg (石筍崗) téng, hái-poa̍t 980-bí, tâu-ji̍p 527 bān-kho͘, 2004 nî-thâu chùn-kang.\nThah-soaⁿ kong-hn̂g lî koān-siâⁿ 1.5 kong-lí, kui-ōe bīn-chek 330-bió （22 bān pêng-hong kong-lí), sī koān-siâⁿ tang-tōa-mn̂g ê chú-iàu kéng-koan chi-it.\n2005-nî Thah-soaⁿ kong-hn̂g hāng-bo̍k lia̍t-ji̍p 60 chiu-nî koān-khèng hāng-bo̍k hoān-tiû, tâu-ji̍p 100 bān-kho͘, kiàn-sêng khám-á (280-kip), soaⁿ-mn̂g kóng-tiûⁿ téng-téng.\nKun-kù kui-ōe, Thah-soaⁿ kong-hn̂g kéng-tiám lō͘-sòaⁿ 3000-bí, koàn-chhoan 8-ê chú-iàu jîn-bûn kéng-tiám, àn-chiàu chhek-soàn, Thah-soaⁿ kong-hn̂g hāng-bo̍k tio̍h tâu-chu 1000 bān-kho͘, kî-tiong cheng-tē-khoán 600 bān-kho͘, kiàn-siat chu-kim 400 bān-kho͘.\n\n### Tân-siàu Oan-iuⁿ-khoe\n\n**Oan-iuⁿ-khoe** tī Tih-chúi-gâm lâm-pêng 10-gōa kong-lí ê Tân-chhiò-chhun āu-piah, lî koān-siâⁿ tāi-khài 40 kong-lí, kah Pêng-lâm-koān ê 郑山宜洋村 kâng chit-tiâu khoe keh-kài. Khoe-thâu chiū-sī Pêng-lâm Oan-iuⁿ-khoe kok-ka-kip chū-jiân-pó-hō͘-khu.\n\nKhu-lāi khoe-liû pîⁿ-pîⁿ, chúi iā chheng, khoe-hōaⁿ sī tek-nâ kah koàn-bo̍k.\nMúi-nî chhiu-āu, oan-iuⁿ poe-lâi oa̍t-tang, pêng-sî chúi-chiáu iá-ah tī chit-liah chhōe-chiah, chiān-chúi.\nSoaⁿ-téng mî-kâu sêng-kûn, chōe sî chi̍t-ê soaⁿ-thâu ū kúi-pah thâu.\nLēng-gōa koh-ū niau-pà, kí, kiuⁿ, soaⁿ-iûⁿ, soaⁿ-ti, pe̍h-hân, tī-koe téng-téng chōe-chéng ê iá-seng tōng-bu̍t chhut-ji̍p kî-kan.\n\nChit-liah kí-sī tin-kî iá-seng tōng-bu̍t ê ke̍k-lo̍k-sè-kài, iā-sī hong-kéng péng súi ê iû-lám-khu.\nĀu-lâng-chhun (後壟村) tī Tih-chúi-gâm ê lâm-pêng, sī Chiu-lêng, Chéng-hô, Pêng-lâm ê kek-bēng lāu-kun-kù-tē, í-keng khai-thong liáu chhia-lō͘.\nĀu-lâng-khoe hong-kéng-khu ê hiān-chōng khó͘-í ēng \"Chhim-san-lō-lîm\" sì-ê jī lâi piáu-sut, kî-gâm-ī-se̍k si-koe choân-sī, goân-sí chhiū-nâ pó-hō͘ iā-hó.\n\nChit-tiâu khoe mā-sī Hòe-tâng-khoe ê tiōng-iàu chi-liû chi-it.\n\n### Tih-chúi-gâm\n\nTih-chúi-gâm hong-kéng-khu (滴水岩-) tī Chiu-lêng-koān sai-lâm-pêng 30 kong-lí ê Tōng-keng-soaⁿ (洞宮山) soaⁿ-kha, kah Lí-hî-khe, Káu-lêng-chià Pho̍k-pò͘-kûn sâng sâng chhut-miâ, miâ ū hō͘ \"Sû-hái\" (辭海) siu-lo̍k.\n\n### Lîm-kong-keng\n\nLîm-kong-keng (林公宮) tī Chiu-lêng-koān Bé-khiⁿ-hiuⁿ Sam-iông-chhun. Chheng-tiâu ka-khèng 17-nî (1811-nî) khiā--ê. Chheng-tiâu Tō-kong 15-nî (1835-nî) tiông-siu. Chè-sū--ê sī Lîm-kong Tiong-pêng-ông. Keng chiàm-tōe bīn-chek tāi-khài ū 100 pêng-hong-bí. Chō lâm hiòng pak, ū mn̂g-lâu, hì-tâi kah tōa-tiān. Tōa-tiān bīn khoah 3 keng, chìn chhim 3 keng. Lāi-piah ū \"Se-iû-kì\" ê piah-tô͘. Pó-chûn ū chheng-tiâu tông-tī 12-nî (1873-nî) thih téng(鼎) 1 chun. 1989-nî kong-pò͘ ûi koān-kip bûn-bu̍t pó-hō͘ toaⁿ-ūi.\n\nTē-hong Tek-san\n---------------\n\n### Tê\n\nÀn-chiàu le̍k-sú kì-chài, \"Chiu-lêng-koān chiông sòng-tiâu khai-sí í-keng u chéng tê, chū-sán-chū-ēng. Chheng-tāi hâm-hong, tông-tī nî-kan, tê-bí hiān khai-sí gōa-siau se-au, lâm-iông téng só͘-chāi, 1946-nî 'koan-su' (官司) tê ū tek-kàu pa-ná-má kok-chè phok-lám-hōe gîn-chióng.\" Chiu-lêng hiān-chú-sî ū tê-hn̂g bīn-chek 10.7 bān bó͘, chóng-sán-liōng 6340 tùn, sán-ta̍t 6910 bān kho͘, chiàm lông-gia̍p sán-ta̍t 12%, choân-koān 70% í-siōng ê lông-gia̍p jîn-kháu ti̍t-chiap á-sī kan-chiap chiông-sū tê-bí sán-gia̍p. Tī 2000-nî tiong-kok tê-bûn-hòa kok-chè gián-thó-hōe téng-bīn, \"Chí-ûn-gîn-chiam\" (紫雲銀針) tek-kàu kim-chióng, \"Chí-ûn Ko-san Tōa-âng-hô\" (紫雲高山大紅毫), \"Koan-su it-kip hoe-tê\" (官司一級花茶) tek-kàu iu-siù-chióng. Tī 2000-nî Tiong-kok kok-chè Tê Phok-lám Kau-e̍k-hōe téng, \"Koan-su bô-chiam\" (官司毛尖) tek-kàu kim-chióng, \"Koan-su le̍k-tê\" (官司綠茶) tek-kàu gîn-chióng.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hok-kiàn-séng ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hù-séng-kip | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Ē-mn̂g-chhī | Hái-chhng-khu  **·** Ô͘-lí-khu  **·** Chi̍p-bí-khu  **·** Su-bêng-khu  **·** Tâng-oaⁿ-khu  **·** Siông-an-khu |\n\n | |\n| |\n| Tē-kip | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Hok-chiu-chhī | Kó͘-lâu-khu  **·** Chìn-an-khu  **·** Tâi-kang-khu  **·** Chhng-soaⁿ-khu  **·** Má-boé-khu  **·** Tiông-lo̍k-khu  **·** Bân-chheng-koān  **·** Bân-hâu-koān  **·** Éng-thài-koān  **·** Hok-chheng-chhī  **·** Liân-kang-koān  **·** Lô-goân-koān  **·** Pêng-thâm-koān |\n| |\n| Chiang-chiu-chhī | Hiong-siâⁿ-khu **·** Liông-bûn-khu  **·** Liông-hái-chhī  **·** Chiuⁿ-phó͘-koān  **·** Ûn-sio-koān  **·** Chiàu-an-koān  **·** Tang-soaⁿ-koān  **·** Pêng-hô-koān  **·** Lâm-chēng-koān  **·** Tiô-thoà-koān  **·** Hoâ-an-koān |\n| |\n| Choân-chiu-chhī | Lí-siâⁿ-khu  **·** Hong-te̍k-khu  **·** Lo̍k-kang-khu  **·** Choân-káng-khu  **·** Chìn-kang-chhī  **·** Chio̍h-sai-chhī  **·** Lâm-oaⁿ-chhī  **·** Hūi-oaⁿ-koān  **·** An-khoe-koān  **·** Éng-chhun-koān  **·** Tek-hoè-koān  **·** *Kim-mn̂g-koān (bô si̍t-chè thóng-tī)* |\n| |\n| Lâm-pêng-chhī | Iân-pêng-khu  **·** Kiàn-iông-khu  **·** Bú-î-soaⁿ-chhī  **·** Kiàn-au-chhī  **·** Siō-bú-chhī  **·** Chèng-hô-koān  **·** Kong-te̍k-koān  **·** Phó͘-siâⁿ-koān  **·** Siông-khe-koān  **·** Sūn-chhiong-koān |\n| |\n| Lêng-nâ-chhī | Sin-lô-khu  **·** Éng-tēng-khu  **·** Chiuⁿ-phîng-chhī  **·** Bú-pêng-koān  **·** Liân-siâⁿ-koān  **·** Siōng-hâng-koān  **·** Tiông-teng-koān |\n| |\n| Lêng-tek-chhī | Chio-siâⁿ-khu  **·** Hok-an-chhī  **·** Hok-téng-chhī  **·** Chià-êng-koān  **·** Chiu-lêng-koān  **·** Hâ-phó͘-koān  **·** Kó͘-chhân-koān  **·** Pêng-lâm-koān  **·** Siū-lêng-koān |\n| |\n| Phô͘-chhân-chhī | Siâⁿ-siuⁿ-khu  **·** Âm-kang-khu  **·** Nāi-siâⁿ-khu  **·** Siù-sū-khu  **·** Sian-iû-koān |\n| |\n| Sam-bêng-chhī | Mûi-lia̍t-khu  **·** Sam-goân-khu  **·** Éng-an-chhī  **·** Bêng-khe-koān  **·** Chheng-liû-koān  **·** Chiong-lo̍k-koān  **·** Iû-khe-koān  **·** Kiàn-lêng-koān  **·** Lêng-hoà-koān  **·** Soa-koān  **·** Tāi-chhân-koān  **·** Thài-lêng-koān |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Chiu-lêng-koān","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3066,26103,0.11745776347546259],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":30050}} -{"text":"\n\n***Hikaru no Go*** (Ji̍t-bûn: **ヒカルの碁**, i--ê ì-sù sī ***Kong ê uî-kî***), Tiong-bûn kā i huan-i̍k tsò ***Kî-hûn*** (棋魂). ***Hikaru no Go*** sī Ji̍t-pún manga tsok-ka Hotta Yumi (堀田 由美) ê tsok-phín, manga ê pōo-hūn iû Obata Takeshi (小畑 健) sóo uē. Tsū 1999 nî khai-sí, it-ti̍t kàu 2003 nî uî-tsí, tī *Tsiu-khan siàu-liân Jump(週刊少年ジャンプ)* liân-tsài. Tan-hîng-pún (單行本) lóng-tsóng 23 kuàn (Obata Takeshi tîng uē ê 20 kuàn). *Hikaru no Go* āu-lâi koh kái-pian tsò manga tōng-uē, iû TV Tokyo, Dentsu kah Studio Pierrot kiōng-tông tsè-tsok,tī TXN hòng-sàng, lóng-tsóng 75 tsi̍p. Līng-guā, 2004 nî koh thui-tshut ti̍k-pia̍t phinn OVA *Hikaru no Go: The Road to Hokuto Cup*.\n\nTsú-kak\n-------\n\n* Shindō Hikaru *(進藤 ヒカル, しんどう ヒカル)*\n* Fujiwara-no-Sai *(藤原 佐為, ふじわらの さい)*\n* Tōya Akira *(塔矢 アキラ, とうや アキラ)*\n* Tōya Kōyō *(塔矢 行洋, とうや こうよう)*\n\nTsú-tê-khik\n-----------\n\n### Phìnn-thâu-khik\n\n* ***Get Over*** - Dream, 1~30 tsi̍p\n* ***I'll be the One*** - HΛL, 31~60 tsi̍p\n* ***Fantasy*** - Katase Nana, 61~75 tsi̍p\n\n### Phìnn-bué-khik\n\n* ***ボクらの冒険 (Bokura no Bouken)*** - Kids Alive, 1~12 tsi̍p\n* ***ヒトミノチカラ (Hitomi no Chikara)*** - Mizuki Arisa, 13~30 tsi̍p\n* ***Sincerely 〜 ever dream 〜*** - Dream, 13~30 tsi̍p\n* ***Days*** - Shela, 31~46 tsi̍p\n* ***Music Is My Thing*** - Dream, 47~63 tsi̍p\n* ***Get Over (Special Mix)*** - Dream, 64~74 tsi̍p\n* ***Everlasting Snow*** - Dream, 75 tsi̍p *(The Road to Hokuto Cup)*","meta":{"title":"Hikaru no Go","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[519,1174,0.44207836456558774],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1554}} -{"text":"\n\nTāi-khì kho-ha̍k| |\n| Tāi-khì bu̍t-lí-ha̍kTāi-khì tōng-le̍k-ha̍k (lūi-pia̍t)Tāi-khì hòa-ha̍k (lūi-pia̍t) |\n| Khì-siōng-ha̍k |\n| Thiⁿ-khì (lūi-pia̍t)Jia̍t-tài kē-khì-ap (lūi-pia̍t) |\n| Khì-hāu-ha̍k |\n| Khì-hāu (lūi-pia̍t)Khì-hāu piàn-tōng (lūi-pia̍t)Choân-kiû sio-lo̍h-hoà (lūi-pia̍t) |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n**Tāi-khì kho-ha̍k** (大氣科學) sī teh gián-kiù tāi-khì ê kiat-kò͘, cho͘-sêng, bu̍t-lí-ha̍k hiān-siōng, hoà-ha̍k hoán-èng kap ūn-tōng kui-lu̍t ê tē-kiû kho-ha̍k ê chi̍t ê hun-iá. I-ê gián-kiù tùi-siōng chú-iàu sī tē-kiû kap thài-iông-hē kî-thaⁿ hêng-seng ê tāi-khì-chân. Tāi-khì gián-kiù ê sî-kan kap khong-kan hoān-ûi lóng chin khoah, khong-kan chhioh-tō͘ ē ùi chi̍t ê siâⁿ-chhī kàu kui-ê tē-kiû, sî-kan chhioh-tō͘ ē ùi kúi-nā kang chì kúi-nā cha̍p-nî. Gián-kiù ê tùi-siōng chú-iàu sī tùi-liû-chân kap pêng-liû-chân. Gián-kiù ê hong-sek ū hiān-tiûⁿ koan-chhek, iâu-oán koan-chhek kap lī-iōng sò͘-ha̍k bô͘-hêng chìn-hêng bô͘-gí.","meta":{"title":"Tāi-khì kho-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[307,949,0.32349841938883034],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1100}} -{"text":"Ông Thian-sióng\n**Ông Thian-sióng** (王天賞; 1903 nî 11 goe̍h 16 ji̍t – 1994 nî 11 goe̍h 21 ji̍t) sī Tâi-oân ê si̍t-gia̍p-ka kiam chèng-tī-chiá.\n\nKeng-le̍k\n---------\n\nÔng Thian-sióng sī Ko-hiông Kî-āu chhut-sì--ê. Tām Ko-hiông Tē-it Kong-ha̍k-hāu chut-gia̍p liáu-āu pat tòe Lîm Kài-jîn (林介仁) chham Tân Sek-jû (陳錫如) o̍h Hàn-ha̍k; tè-bé kok hòe Tang-kiaⁿ Meziro (目白) Eng-gí Ha̍k-hāu ha̍k-si̍p, mā khì kòe Siōng-hái iû-ha̍k.\n\nI 1917 nî ê sî ji̍p Tāi-chèng Bû-chìn Tu-sek Hōe-siā ê Ko-hiông chi-tiàm siōng-pan, chò kàu 1923 nî ê sî, koh kái ji̍p Ha̍p-chu Hōe-siā Āu-têng-cho͘ (合資會社後藤組). Kàu 1924 nî kòe Ji̍t-pún pún-thó͘ liû-ha̍k, 1926 nî chài koh tńg Tâi-oân keng-gêng hoat-tōng-ki hî-gia̍p. Kî-kan ia̍h sī Tâi-oân Heng-gia̍p Sìn-iōng Cho͘-ha̍p ê lí-sū, āu--lâi chò kàm-sū. Ông--sī 1929 nî chìn-ji̍p Tâi-oân Chhng-khò͘ Hōe-siā.\n\n1930 nî i kòe Tiong-kok chi̍t chām, 1931 nî tńg Tâi-oân, tī Tâi-oân Sin-bîn-pò chò tāi-chì. 1932 nî khui Chín-bûn Su-kio̍k (振文書局). 1936 nî i chò Kî-āu Chhiⁿ-hî Î-chhut Kong-si ê cho͘-chit tāi-piáu téng hî-gia̍p hong-bīn ê sū-gia̍p. \n\n1938 nî, Ông--sī chham-ú Ko-hiông Siong-kong Hōe-gī-só͘ gī-goân soán-kí tòng-soán. 1939 nî i koh chham-ka Tē-2-hôe ê Ko-hiông-chhī-hōe gī-goân soán-kí tòng-soán.\n\nChiàn-āu i mā bat chò Ko-hiông chhī-chèng-hú ê kàu-io̍k-kio̍k-tiúⁿ, *Kok-seng-pò* hoat-hêng-jîm téng sū-gia̍p.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Lâu Khoài-tī\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* 中山馨 & 片山淸夫 (1940). *躍進高雄の全貌*.\n* 臺灣新民報社, pian. (1937). \"王天賞\". *臺灣人士鑑*. 呂靈石.\n* *全島市會議員及街庄協議會員一覽*. 臺灣新民報社. 1939.\n* 蔡說麗 (2005). \"王天賞\". *線上台灣歷史辭典*. 遠流出版事業 & 智慧藏學習科技.","meta":{"title":"Ông Thian-sióng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[222,1539,0.1442495126705653],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1821}} -{"text":"\n**PubMed Central** (PMC) sī tsi̍t-ê bián-huì ê sòo-uī tôo-su-kuán, sòo-kì-khòo hām bûn-tóng-khóo, iōng-teh tsûn-tòng í-king teh sing-bu̍t i-ha̍k [en] hām sèñ-miā kho-ha̍k kî-khan tíng-kuân huat-piáu ê khai-hòng kia̍t-tshú [en] ha̍k-su̍t lūn-bûn. PubMed Central sī-iû bí-kok kok-ka sing-bu̍t ki-su̍t sìn-sit tiong-sim [en] sóo khai-huat--ê.\n\nPubMed Central kah PubMed bô-kâng. PubMed Central sī tsi̍t-ê bián-huì ê lūn-bûn sòo-kì-khòo, jīm-hô jî lóng ē-tàng thong-kuè bāng-lōo liû-lám-khì, uì jīm-hô sóo-tsai hóng-mn̄g PubMed Central hām ua̍t-to̍k lūn-bûn tsuân-bûn. Sio-tuì-huán PubMed kan-na thê-kiong sing-bu̍t i-ha̍k [en] líng-i̍k ê lūn-bûn in-bûn hām tsai-iau; lūn-bûn tsuân-bûn pīng bô-teh PubMed tíng-kuân. Ū su-iàu tsuân-bûn ê iōng-tsiá, tō su-iàu teh PubMed í-guā ê siong-kuan khǹg lūn-bûn ê sóo-tsai khì tit-tshú lūn-bûn ê tsuân-bûn. Lî-tshiáñ teh tsia-ê sóo-tsai mā-ū khó-lîng hù-huì tsiah ē-tàng ua̍t-lám.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Beck, Jeff (2010). \"Report from the Field: PubMed Central, an XML-based Archive of Life Sciences Journal Articles\". *Proceedings of the International Symposium on XML for the Long Haul: Issues in the Long-term Preservation of XML*. **6**. doi:10.4242/BalisageVol6.Beck01. ISBN 978-1-935958-02-4.\n2. ↑ \"MEDLINE, PubMed, and PMC (PubMed Central): How are they different?\". *www.nlm.nih.gov*. 9 September 2019.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Europe PubMed Central\n* Die Welt [en]\n* F-35 siám-tiān II chiàn-tàu-ki [en] (F-35 siám-tēn II sèn-tàu ki/Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II)\n* Sò͘-jī tiān-tâi [en] (Sòo-jī tēn-tâi/Numbers station)\n* Nosaka Akiyuki [en] (野坂昭如)\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikidata has the property: \n* ***PMC識別碼 (P932)*** (see uses)\n |\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 262505332\n* LCCN: no00088269\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"PubMed Central","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[923,1861,0.4959699086512628],"infobox":["
    PubMed Central
    Producer\nBí-kok kok-ka i-ha̍k tôo-su-kuán [en] (Bí-kok)
    History\n2000 kàu bo̍k-tsên
    Access
    Cost\nBén-huì
    Coverage
    Disciplines\nI-ha̍k
    Record depth\nTsí-ín, tsai-iau & tsuân-bûn
    Format coverage\nKî-khan bûn-tsiuñ
    Links
    Website\n
    Title list(s)\n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2041}} -{"text":"Kóng-gī ê Pe̍h-ōe-jī chì-chió ū 150-tang ê le̍k-sú.\n\nPe̍h-ōe-jī tī Tang-lâm-a, Hok-kiàn\n----------------------------------\n\nLûn-tun Soan-tō-hōe ê soan-tō-su Robert Marrison kap William Milne tī 1815 nî ùi Melaka khai-siat Eng-Hôa Ha̍k-īⁿ (Anglo-Chinese College). Tông-sî kâng soan-tō-hōe ê soan-tō-su, chhiūⁿ W. H. Medhurst, tùi Lâm-iûⁿ kóng Hokkien ê kiâu-bîn (\"hoan-kheh\") khak ū chiap-chhio̍k, ū hèng-chhù tī Hok-kiàn-ōe (*hokkien*). Medhurst tī 1820 nî chiū ùi Melaka hoat-piáu chi̍t pún sió jī-lūi chheh, kàu 1837 nî ê sî, i koh tī Má-kháu chhut-pán *Hok-kiàn Hong-giân Jī-tián* (*A Dictionary of the Hok-keen Dialect of the Chinese Language*).\n\nTiong-kok chhiam Lâm-kiaⁿ Tiâu-iok liáu-āu in chiah khah ū chū-iû tī Hok-kiàn o̍ah-tōng. 1852 nî tī Ē-mn̂g chhut-pán ê *Tn̂g-ōe Hoan-jī Chho͘-ha̍k* (唐話番字初學), sī thôan-kàu-sū Talmage ūi-tio̍h beh kà lâng iōng Lô-m̄á-jī siá Ē-mn̂g-ōe só· pian-siá--ê.\n\nPe̍h-ōe-jī tī Tâi-oân\n---------------------\n\nPe̍h-ōe-jī tāi-iok tī 19 sè-kí, iû thôan-kàu-sū ín ji̍p Tâi-ôan.\n\n### 17 sè-kí ê Tâi-oân Lâm-tó-gí-hē lô-má-jī\n\nLī-iōng Lô-má-jī tòng-chò su-siá hē-thóng, tī Tâi-ôan ū nn̄g-ê kai-tōaⁿ. Tē-it-ê kai-tōaⁿ sī 17 sè-kí kàu 19 sè-kí chho·-kî ê Sin-káng-bûn, che sī tī 17 sè-kí Hô-lân thóng-tī Tâi-oân ê sî, iû Hô-lân thôan-kàu-sū ín-ji̍p, iōng lâi su-siá hit-tong-sî Tâi-ôan lâm-pō· Siraya pêⁿ-po·-cho̍k ê bó-gí. \n\nTong-kî-sî thôan-kàu ê tùi-siōng, ùi Tâi-lâm ê Sin-káng-siā khai-sí, sòa--lo̍h-lâi thui-hêng kàu Tōa-ba̍k-kàng (大目降), Ba̍k-ka-liu-oan (目加溜灣), Siau-lâng (蕭壟), kap Môa-tāu (麻豆) téng siā. Thôan-kàu-sū iōng Lô-má-jī su-siá Siraya bó-gí ê *Sèng-keng*, *Kî-tó-bûn*, kap *Si̍p-kài* téng-téng. Tī kong-gôan 1637 nî, ia̍h-tio̍h-sī Hô-lân-lâng lâi Tâi 13 nî liáu-āu, Pêⁿ-po·-cho̍k gôan-chū-bîn í-keng ū 5400 chó-iū ê lâng ji̍p-kàu, kî-tiong Sin-káng-siā sī kok siā tiong-kan chiap-siū Ki-tok-kàu siāng chhim ê chi̍t-ê, só·-í hit-tong-sî ê Lô-má-jī hē-thóng, tī Sin-káng-siā mā sī siāng phó·-phiàn--ê, in-chhú chiah hō-chò Sin-káng-bûn, iū-koh in-ūi sī Hô-lân-lâng ín-ji̍p--ê, só·-í mā hō-chò Âng-mn̂g-jī.\n\nHô-lân-lâng lī-khui liáu-aū, Hàn-jîn chìn-ji̍p Tâi-ôan khai-khún. Pêⁿ-po·-cho̍k-jîn kap Hàn-jîn chhiam-tèng thó·-tē bé-bē khè-iok ê sî, iû-gôan sú-iōng Sin-káng-bûn, Hàn-jī kā chit-chióng khè-iok hō-chò \"hoan-á-khè\", hiān-chú-sî só· pó-liû--lo̍h-lâi-ê, chha-put-to ū 150 hūn chó-iū. Kin-kì 村上直次郎 ê gián-kiù, bo̍k-chêng chai-iáⁿ siāng chá ê hoan-á-khè, sī tī 1683 nî siá--ê, siāng oàⁿ--ê sī 1813 nî, khó-kiàn tī Hô-lân-lâng lī-khui Tâi-ôan liáu-aū ê chit-pah gōa nî tiong-kan, Siraya ê Pêⁿ-po·-cho̍k iáu-koh ū lâng sú-iōng Sin-káng-bûn, tòng-chò in ê su-bīn-gí.\n\n### 19 sè-kí ê Hō-ló-oē lô-má-jī\n\n1933 nî tī Tâi-oân chhut-pán ê Ē-mn̂g-im *Sin-kū-iok ê Sèng-keng*\nAū--lâi, it-ti̍t kàu 19 sè-kí ê aū-pòaⁿ-kî, chiah-koh ū tōa-liōng ê thôan-kàu-sū lâi Tâi-ôan. Kâng-khoán ê tō-lí, ūi-tio̍h beh chìn-hêng thôan-kàu ê kang-chok, thôan-kàu-sū koh-chi̍t-pái ín-ji̍p Lô-má-jī, hong-piān su-siá Hō-ló-oē ê *Sèng-keng* ia̍h-sī kî-thāⁿ ê khan-bu̍t, chìn-hêng kàu-gī ê soan-thôan. Chit-ê sî-kî ín-ji̍p ê Lô-má-jī su-siá hē-thóng, tio̍h-sī koh-khah-chá chìn-chêng, thôan-kàu-sū tī Tiong-kok tang-lâm iân-hái séng-hūn tn̂g-kî sú-iōng ê hē-thóng.\n\nTī Tâi-ôan, chit-thò Lô-má-jī ê su-siá hē-thóng, hō-chò Pe̍h-ōe-jī ( sok-siá \"POJ\" ), ia̍h ū lâng kā kiò-chò *Kàu-hōe Lô-má-jī*, kán-chheng *Kàu-lô*. POJ ê thui-hêng í Tiúⁿ-ló-kàu-hōe ûi-chú, iû-kî sī James L. Maxwell i-su, thui-kóng POJ chin-chiàⁿ kut-la̍t, táⁿ-phò hit-tong-sî it-poan tāi-chiòng ha̍k-si̍p Hàn-jī ê khùn-kéng kap bô-hong-piān, m̄-nā phó·-kip kàu-gī ê soan-thôan, mā hong-piān gí-giân ê kì-lo̍k.\n\nPOJ ê chheh kap khan-bu̍t, tî-liáu chhām kàu-hōe siong-koan--ê í-gōa, iah-koh ū kî-thaⁿ hong-bīn--ê, chhin-chhūⁿ tī 1917 nî, Eng-kok i-su G. Gushue-Taylor (Hàn-miâ: 戴仁壽) kap Tâi-ôan-lâng Tân Tōa-lô (Hàn-jī: 陳大鑼) ha̍p-pian ê *Lāi-gōa-kho khan-hō͘-ha̍k*, sī Tâi-ôan tē-it pún hō͘-lí-ha̍k ê kàu-kho-su;\n\n### 20 sè-kí ê Tâi-oân Kheh-ōe Pe̍h-ōe-jī\n\n1950 nî-tāi, Bí-lông Kàu-hōe ê Png Kóng-seng (Kheh-oē: Fông Kóng-sên 方廣生) bo̍k-su pian-siá *Tâi-oân Lâm-pak Thóng-it Kheh-ka Pe̍h-ōe-jī Kàu-kho-su* (Kheh-gí: Thòi-vân Nàm-pet Thúng-yit Hak-kâ Pha̍k-fa Sṳ Kau-khô Sû).\n\nSú-iōng jîn-kháu\n----------------\n\nKin-kù *Tâi-lâm Hú-siâⁿ Kàu-hoē Pò* 1898 nî ê tiāu-cha, hoê-hâm ê 41 ê kàu-hoē tang-tiong, bat POJ ê cha-po· ū 985 lâng, cha-bó· 509 lâng, lóng-chóng 1494 lâng. Khó-kiàn hit-tong-sî liōng-kî-iok bat POJ ê jîn-kháu chiong-kīn 2000 ê.\n\nN̂g Tián-sêng ( 黃典誠, Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k ) 1955 nî ê thóng-kè jīn-ûi tng-sî POJ ê thoân-pò· tē-khu kap jîn-sò· sī án-ne:\n\n| Tē-khu | Jîn-sò· |\n| --- | --- |\n| Hok-kiàn | 34,000 |\n| Kńg-tang | 1,000 |\n| Tâi-oân | 32,000 |\n| Kî-thaⁿ séng-chhī | 8,000 |\n| Oa̍t-lâm | 2,000 |\n| Myanmar | 1,500 |\n| Thài-kok | 7,000 |\n| Hui-li̍p-pin | 7,000 |\n| Má-lâi-a | 10,000 |\n| Ìn-nî | 10,000 |\n| Kî-thaⁿ kok-ka, tē-khu | 3,000 |\n| **Lóng-chóng** | **115,500** |\n\nPe̍h-ōe-jī siá-hoat ê ián-piàn\n------------------------------\n\n Pe̍h-ōe-jī siá-hoat ê ián-piàn| Nî-tāi | 1832 | 1853 | 1869 | 1873 | 1894 | 1911 | 1913 | 1923 | 1934 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| IPA | Medhurst | Doty | MacGowan | Douglas | Talmage | Warnshuis, De Pree | Campbell | Barclay | Tipson |\n| [ɔ] | oe | o͘ | o͘ | ɵ͘ | o͘ | o͘ | o͘ | o͘ | o͘ |\n| [ʨ]/[ts] | ch | ch | ts | ch/ts | ch | ch | ch/ts | ch/ts | ch |\n| [ɪɛn]~[ɛn] | ëen | ian | ien | ien | ian | ian | ian | ian | ian |\n| [iŋ] | eng | ieng | eng | eng | eng | eng | eng | eng | eng |\n\n### ts/ch/chh\n\nChá kî ê Pe̍h-ōe-jī ū ts/ch/chh ê khu-hun.\n\n| | | i | e | a | o | o͘ | u | ng |\n| -sàng-khùi | ts | | | tsa | tso | tso͘ | tsu | tsng |\n| -sàng-khùi | ch | chi | che | | | | | |\n| +sàng-khùi | chh | chhi | chhe | chha | chho | chho͘ | chhu | chhng |\n\n### Pó·-chhiong Pe̍h-oē-jī ê thê-àn\n\nTâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k gí-giân-ha̍k-hē Tiuⁿ Jū-hông kàu-siū tī *Pe̍h-oē-jī Ki-pún-lūn* (2001, ISBN 957-2053-07-8) chèng-sek thê-chhut POJ ke-thiⁿ kúi-ê-á sin hû-hō ê kiàn-gī.\n\nPe̍h-oē-jī sò͘-ūi-hòa ê hoat-tián\n---------------------------------\n\nChhiáⁿ chham-khó *Tiān-náu chhú-lí Pe̍h-ōe-jī*.\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\n* 19x0 - Ji̍t-pún chèng-hú m̄-chún Chhòa Pôe-hóe chhui-sak POJ.\n* 1940 nî-tāi - Ji̍t-pún chèng-hú kìm-chí Pe̍h-oē-jī (?).\n* 1969 nî - Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chèng-hú kìm-chí *Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe Kong-pò* khan Latin-jī.\n* 1973 nî - Bîn-kok chèng-hú bu̍t-siu *Tâi-Eng Sû-tián*.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. ↑ 賴永祥 (1988-06-26). \"教會白話字的源流\". *教會史話*.\n\nSòaⁿ-téng chu-gôan\n------------------\n\n* The History of Pe̍h-ōe-ji (Eng-bûn lūn-bûn)","meta":{"title":"Pe̍h-ōe-jī ê le̍k-sú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[944,5812,0.1624225739848589],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7327}} -{"text":"Chhōe kî-thaⁿ ēng-hoat, khòaⁿ Siáu-soat (khu-pia̍t).\n**Siáu-soat** ia̍h **sió-soat** sī bûn-ha̍k ê 1-khoán piáu-hiān khoán-sek.\n\nSiáu-soat ê loē-iông lâi kóng, hām sûi-pit, phêng-lūn kap le̍k-sú bô kâng, siáu-soat bô tō-sī ēng chōng-khang ê kò͘-sū lâi piáu-hiān, bô tō-sī kā sū-si̍t-siōng ū ê kò͘-sū kā kái-pian; nā chhiú-lō͘ lâi kóng, khah chē sī ēng sàn-bûn ê khoán-sek, sui-bóng mā ū siáu-soat chok-phín hō͘ chi̍t-koá ha̍k-chiá jīn-ûi khah oá tī si ê hêng-thé. (Pí-lūn Zhivago Sian-siⁿ).\n\nSiáu-soat nā chiàu tn̂g-té, thang hun-chò tn̂g-phiⁿ siáu-soat, tiong-phiⁿ siáu-soat, té-phiⁿ siáu-soat kap ke̍k-té-phiⁿ siáu-soat.\n\nLōe-iông hun-lūi\n----------------\n\nNā chiàu loē-iông ê pō͘-lūi, siōng-bô ū ē-bīn chit-kúi-lūi:\n\n* Kho-ha̍k siáu-soat (*science fiction*)\n* Kî-hàm siáu-soat (*fantasy*)\n* Hoān-choē siáu-soat\n* Ài-chêng siáu-soat\n* Khióng-pò͘ siáu-soat\n* Kàn-tia̍p siáu-soat\n* Le̍k-sú siáu-soat\n* Bú-kiap siáu-soat\n* Chhui-lí siáu-soat","meta":{"title":"Siáu-soat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[201,905,0.22209944751381216],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1077}} -{"text":"**Siáⁿ-lâng mā m̄-chai** (Jı̍t-pún-ōe: 誰も知らない) sī Jı̍t-pún kàm-tok Koreeda Hirokazu 2004 nî ê tiān-iáⁿ, kò͘-sū kun-kù 1988 nî 1-chân ū-iáⁿ ê tāi-chí. Ián lâm-chú-kak ê Yagira Yūya (14 hòe) tit-tio̍h 2004 nî Cannes tiān-iáⁿ cheh ê siōng-hó-ê lâm-chú-kak sióng.\n\nKio̍k-chêng\n-----------\n\n***Sè-jī! Sòa--lo̍h-lâi ū kóng tio̍h kò·-sū ê ke̍k-chêng!***\n1-ê toaⁿ-sin ê lāu-bú tī pah-hòe kong-si siōng-pan, chhī i 4-ê gín-á. 4-ê gín-á i lóng kā chhàng-tī chhù-·nih, bô hō͘ in tha̍k-chheh, mā bô ài hō͘ chhù-piⁿ keh-piah chai, kan-taⁿ ún-chún in tōa-hàn-kiáⁿ chhut-khì bóe-chhài. \n\nĀu-·lâi lāu-bú chhut-mn̂g tō bô tńg-·lâi. Chîⁿ chiam-chiam-á ēng-liáu, chúi-tiān mā bô-·khì. Chò tōa-hiaⁿ-·ê mā sī chīn-liōng lâi chiàu-kò͘ sió-tī sió-bē, it-tit kàu siōng-sè-hàn ê sió-bē sí-·khì...\n\nIán-oân\n-------\n\n| Ián-oân | Kak-sek |\n| --- | --- |\n| Yûya Yagira | Akira, tōa-hiaⁿ |\n| Ayu Kitaura | Kyoko, tōa-chí |\n| Hiei Kimura | Shigeru,sió-tī |\n| Momoko Shimizu | Yuki, sió-bē |\n| Hanae Kan | Saki, Akira ê pêng-iú |\n| You | Keiko, khà-sàng |\n| Kazumi Kushida | Yoshinaga, chhù-thâu-ke |\n| Yukiko Okamoto | Eriko Yoshinaga |\n| Sei Hiraizumi | Piān-lī kám-á-tiàm ê keng-lí |\n| Ryo Kase | Piān-lī kám-á-tiàm ê sin-lô͘ |\n| Yuichi Kimura | Sugihara, ún-chiàng |\n| Kenichi Endo | Phâ-chhìn-kò͘ ê sin-lô͘ |\n| Susumu Terajima | Iá-kiû kàu-liān |\n| Takako Tate | Piān-lī kám-á-tiàm ê kùi-tâi |\n\nTāu-tì-sek\n----------\n\n* Ián khà-sàng ê You sī koa-chhiⁿ, i ián chit-chhut-hì lóng bô oa̍t-liām tâi-sû, tō chiàu i pún-lâng ê kò-sèng kù-chāi khì ián, chóng-·sī ián liáu bōe-bái.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\nIMDB chu-liāu-khò͘","meta":{"title":"Siáⁿ-lâng mā m̄-chai","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[610,1449,0.4209799861973775],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1831}} -{"text":"**Bāng-ia̍h liû-lám-khì** sī 1-chióng iōng-lâi khoàⁿ kò-jîn kap soàⁿ-téng ê HTML bûn-kiāⁿ ê èng-iōng nńg-thé. It-poaⁿ kán-chheng **liû-lám-khì**.\n\nHia̍p-tēng kap piau-chún\n------------------------\n\nLiû-lám-khì kap bāng-ia̍h ho̍k-sāi-khì/sù-haū-khì (server) chi-kan lī-iōng HTTP hia̍p-tēng kau-thong.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTim Berners-Lee tī 1990 nî chhòng-chō sè-kài tē-it-ê bāng-ia̍h lîu-lám-khì, kiò-choè WorldWideWeb. Chit-ê lîu-lám-khì kan-na ē-sái chhú-lí bûn-jī, bô hoat-tō͘ chhú-lí tô͘. I tī 1991 nî 3 goe̍h kā chit-ê sán-phín kài-siāu hō͘ CERN ê tông-sū. Chit-ê nńg-thé tī hit tong-sî chú-iàu ê kong-lêng sī hong-piān CERN ê kho-ha̍k-ka cháu-chhoē kap kau-oāⁿ chu-liāu.\n\nAū--lâi, Bí-kok ê NCSA hoat-tián-chhut tē-it-ê ē-sái hián-sī tô͘-hêng ê liû-lám-khì, kiò Mosaic. Chit-ê liû-lám-khì chin súi koh chin hó-iōng. In-ūi án-ne, liû-lám-khì lú lâi lú liû-hêng. Tī 1993 nî thui-sak chhut Mosaic 1.0 pán. Liáu-aū, Mosaic sió-cho· ê thâu-lâng Marc Andreessen lī-khui NCSA khì khui 1-keng kong-si, kiò Bāng-kéng Thong-sìn Kong-si (*Netscape Communications Corporation*).\n\nBāng-kéng tī 1994 nî 10 goe̍h hoat-piaú Netscape Navigator chit-ê liû-lám-khì. Mā ū khai-hòng hō͘ lâng bián-hùi táuⁿ-ló͘. Netscape Navigator siū-tio̍h chin-toā ê hoan-gêng. 1995 nî, Microsoft ūi-tio̍h beh chìn-ji̍p liû-lám-khì nńg-thé ê chhī-tiûⁿ, thui-sak-chhut mā sī bián-chîⁿ ê Internet Explorer (it-poaⁿ kán-siá choè IE). Chit 2-ê liû-lám-khì tī aū-lâi 3 nî chó-iū ê ke̍k-lia̍t kèng-cheng, hō·-lâng chheng-choè \"(te-it-pái) liû-lám-khì ê chiàn-cheng\".\n\nBāng-ia̍h liû-lám-khì lia̍t-toaⁿ\n--------------------------------\n\n### Tô·-hêng\n\nIōng Gecko choè ki-chó· ê liû-lám-khì\n\n* Mozilla\n\t+ Mozilla Firefox\n\nIōng Internet Explorer choè ki-chó· ê liû-lám-khì\n\n* Internet Explorer\n\nIōng KHTML choè ki-chó· ê liû-lám-khì\n\n* Konqueror\n\t+ Safari\n\nKî-thaⁿ\n\n* Opera\n\n### Bûn-jī\n\n* Lynx\n* w3m\n\n### Chá-kî\n\n* Mosaic\n* WorldWideWeb","meta":{"title":"Bāng-ia̍h liû-lám-khì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[82,1757,0.0466704610130905],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2126}} -{"text":"**La Tchadienne** sī Tchad ê kok-koa. La Tchadienne chit-ê sû sī Hoat-gú, ì-sù sī 'Tchad ê koa'. Chit-tiâu koa sī Louis Gidrol kap i chhōa ê ha̍k-seng siá--ê; khek sī Paul Villard chò--ê. Tùi 1960 nî Tchad to̍k-li̍p kàu taⁿ, chò kok-koa.\n\nHoat-gú ê koa-sû\n----------------\n\nPeuple Tchadien, debout et à l'ouvrage!\nTu as conquis la terre et ton droit;\nTa liberté naîtra de ton courage.\nLève les yeux, l'avenir est à Toi.\nO mon Pays, que Dieu te prenne en garde,\nQue tes voisins admirent tes enfants.\nJoyeux, pacifique, avance en chantant,\nFidèle à tes anciens qui te regardent.\nPeuple Tchadien, debout et à l'ouvrage!\nTu as conquis la terre et ton droit;\nTa liberté naîtra de ton courage.\nLève les yeux, l'avenir est à Toi.\n\nHoan-e̍k\n--------\n\nTchad ê jîn-bîn, tio̍h khiā--khí-lâi, chò khí-kang!\nLín í-keng phah-piàⁿ ti̍t-tio̍h lín-ê thó͘-tē, lín-ê kôan-lī;\nLín-ê chū-iû ōe tùi lín-ê ióng-khì lâi chhut-sì.\nGia̍h lín-ê ba̍k-chiu, bī-lâi sī lín-ê.\nGóa ê kok-ka ah!, gōan Siōng-tè kā lí pó-pì,\nGōan lí ê chhù-piⁿ him-siān lí ê chèng-kiáⁿ-jî.\nKhòai-lo̍k, pêng-an, chhiùⁿ-koa lâi ǹg-chiân-kiâⁿ,\nTùi lí ê chó͘-sian ài chīn-tiong, in teh kā lí khòaⁿ.","meta":{"title":"La Tchadienne","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1033,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1255}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?***Siáu-gû-pēⁿ*** |\n| --- |\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| (bô) | Prion |\n| (bô) | Mammalian prion |\n| (bô) | ***BSE prion*** |\n\n |\n\n**Siáu-gû-pīⁿ** (疯牛病/狂牛病/BSE), sī 1-chióng hoat-seng tī tōng-bu̍t (kan-na pau-koat **4-kha cheng-seⁿ-a** ??) kah lâng sin--siōng ê pēⁿ-chèng, i-ha̍k-kài ka kiò-chò \"**gû-náu piàn hái-mî ê chi̍t-pīⁿ** \"(牛脑海绵状病), i ê Eng-bûn-miâ kán-cheng hō·-chòe **BSE**.\n\nSiū-tio̍h siáu-gû-pēⁿ ui-hia̍p ê só·-chāi\n-----------------------------------------\n\n1985 nî 4 go̍eh, i-ha̍k-ka siāng tāi-seng tī Eng-kok hoat-hiān chit-khóan sin-ê pēⁿ-to̍k, kā hō·-miâ kiò-chò **BSE**, hit-sî Eng-kok ê pò-khan mā ū choan-tê chò pò-tō. 10-gōa-nî āu, **BSE** hoat-chok chin-kín, Eng-kok ū cha̍p-gōa-bān chiah gû-á to̍h-pēⁿ. Gú-á tio̍h-pīⁿ liáu-āu, chhut-hiān **sîn-keng chhò-lōan**, **thian-tho̍h, hāu-tai** ê chèng-chn̄g, koh bián lōa-kú to̍h-ē sí--khì. Bo̍k-chiân siáu-gû-pīⁿ í-keng khok-sàn kàu sè-kài siōng ê chin-chōe kok-ka kah tē-khu, phì-jû-kóng Hoat-kok, Ài-ní-lân, Ka-ná-tāi, Tan-be̍h, Phû-tô-gâ, Sūi-se, Oman kah Tek-kok. Chia-ê siū-tio̍h siáu-gû-pīⁿ éng-hiáng khah giâm-tiōng ê kok-ka tang-tiong, ū-ê sī in-ūi chia̍p-chia̍p ùi Eng-kok chìn-kháu gû-bah só· chō-sêng--ê.\n\ngû to̍h-pēⁿ āu ê chèng-chn̄g\n----------------------------\n\nI-ka̍k-ka hoat-hiān **BSE** ê pēⁿ-thêng it-poaⁿ tī 14～90-kang tiong-kan, put-jī-kò ín-choh-kî hōan-sè ū 4～6-nî hiah-nī kú. 4-nî chó-iū ê lâu-gû siōng-kài iông-ī to̍h Siáu-gû-pīⁿ. Pēⁿ-gû ê chèng-chn̄g chē-chē-khóan, bô-it-tēng lóng sio-kāng, tōa-to-sò· pēⁿ-gû ê tiong-su sîn-keng hē-thóng ē hoat-seng piàn-hòa, gû-á piàn-kah chiâⁿ hóan-siông, phih-phih-chhoah, khok-khok-chông, chiâⁿ bô-tek-tiāⁿ, sīm-chì koh khiā bōe-chāi, ài po̍ah-tó. Pēⁿ-gû thâu-khak pō·-ūi piàn-kah chin bín-kám, ah ū-sî thiaⁿ-tio̍h siaⁿ to̍h-ē tio̍h-chheⁿ-kiaⁿ. Sûi-tio̍h pēⁿ-chêng hoat-tián, pēⁿ-gû put-sî to̍h-ē kiù-kin ngē-chiāⁿ (痙攣發直), sim-thiàu piàn bān, chhóan-khùi ke-chiok kín. Chhú-khì gû-á lú lâi lú sán, kàu-kah sí--khì. Phòa-pak hoat-hiān, pēⁿ-gû tiong-su sîn-keng hē-thóng ê **náu-hoe-chit** í-keng pìⁿ-chiâⁿ ná-chhiūⁿ sī 1-tè hái-mî kāng-khóan, sîn-keng sè-pau hoat-seng giâm-tiōng pēⁿ-piàn. \n\nChiok-chōe-tang í-lâi, Eng-kok ê choan-ka hun-sek-kóng, 1-kóa-á tì-to̍h Creutzfeldt-Jakob pēⁿ-chêng (**CJD**; Tiong-bûn :克——雅二氏病) ê pēⁿ-lâng, sī in-ūi bô-tiuⁿ-tî khì chia̍h-tio̍h hia-ê chìn-chêng to̍h í-keng òe-tio̍h siáu-gû-pēⁿ ê gû-bah só· ín-khí--ê. Chit-khóan ê kái-tho̍k, ín-khí tio̍h chôan sè-kài ê lâng tùi siáu-gû-pīⁿ bû-hān ê khióng-kū kah kiaⁿ-sim. Kin-kù choan-ka ê thóng-kè, múi-1-nî tī 100-bān lâng tang-tiong, tāi-khài kan-na ū 1-ê lâng ē òe-tio̍h siáu-gû-pīⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Siáu-gû-pēⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[80,2498,0.032025620496397116],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3019}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Pe̍h-hîm |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n| He̍k: | Eukarya |\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Mammalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Carnivora |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Ursidae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Ursus* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***U. maritimus*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Ursus maritimus***Phipps, 1774 |\n|\n|\n|\n| Siâng-ì-miâ |\n| *Ursus eogroenlandicus*\n*Ursus groenlandicus*\n*Ursus jenaensis*\n*Ursus labradorensis*\n*Ursus marinus*\n*Ursus polaris*\n*Ursus spitzbergensis*\n*Ursus ungavensis*\n*Thalarctos maritimus* |\n| Seⁿ-thoàⁿ tē-tô͘ |\n\n**Pe̍h-hîm** (ha̍k-miâ: *Ursus maritimus*, mā hō·-chò **pak-ke̍k-hîm**) sī sio̍k-î Carnivora-bo̍k Ursidae-kho ê tōa-hêng chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t. Chit ê hîm chit-má tī Pak-ke̍k-iûⁿ hù-kīn ū tè chhoē, sī choân sè-kài siāng-kài tōa-chiah ê lio̍k-tē bah-si̍t tōng-bu̍t. Hîm-kang ū 400 chì 600 kg tāng, ū-kóa-á sīm-chì 800 kg khah chē. Bó--ê iok-lio̍k chi̍t-poàⁿ tōa, thong-siông 200 chì 300 kg tāng. Kang--ê 240 chì 260 cm tn̂g; bó--ê 190 chì 210 cm tn̂g. Tú chhut-siⁿ ê hîm-á-kiáⁿ chiah 600 chì 700 g niâ.\n\nPe̍h-hîm chin hó jīm. In kui sin-khu ê pe̍h-mo· joa̍h--lâng ê sî mā bē tńg chhim-sek. Chit tiám hām pa̍t khoán pak-ke̍k-khoan ê tōng-bu̍t bô kâng. In ê mo· si̍t-chè-siōng bô sek-sò·, bē-su lāu-lâng ê thâu-mn̂g kāng-khoán. Chóng--sī, bat ū chhī tòa tōng-bu̍t-hn̂g ê pe̍h-hîm tńg \"chheⁿ-sek\". Che sī in-ūi hit tah khì-hāu khah sio-joa̍h, tì-sú mo·-kńg-khang lāi-té seⁿ-ko·.\n\nPe̍h-hîm ê pó-un lêng-le̍k put-chí-á ū-hāu: kiàn-nā un-tō· khah koân 10°C tō sǹg kòe-thâu-sio.\n\nPe̍h-hîm sī hîm-lūi tang-tiong siāng i-lāi bah-si̍t ê chéng, chú-iàu chia̍h hái-pà. In gâu siû-chúi, put-sî chhut-hiān tī lī lio̍k-tē kúi-nā-kong-lí hn̄g ê hái-siōng. In chông ê sok-tō· kín, tùi in lia̍h-chia̍h chin iú-lī. In ê chia̍h-mi̍h hân tōa-liōng ê bi-tá-mín A, khip-siu liáu-āu pó-chûn tī koaⁿ lāi-té. Bat ū thàm-hiám-ka chia̍h hîm-koaⁿ tiòng-to̍k ê.\n\nŪ 5 ê kok-ka tī 1973 nî chhiam-sio̍k Kok-chè Pe̍h-hîm Pó-io̍k Hia̍p-gī (*International Agreement on the Conservation of Polar Bears*), pau-koat Canada, Danmark, Norge, Bí-kok, chêng Soviet Liân-bêng. 2006 nî ê IUCN Âng-miâ-toaⁿ thâu-1-pái jīn-ûi pe̍h-hîm ū khu̍t-chéng ê gûi-hiám (*Vulnerable to Extinction*). In chí-chhut ū gián-kiù pò-kò àn-sǹg tī bī-lâi 50 chì 100 tang, pe̍h-hîm ê sò͘-bo̍k ē in-ūi phû-peng iûⁿ--khì choâⁿ-á kiám 50% chì 100%. \n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Ursus maritimus*** |","meta":{"title":"Pe̍h-hîm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[416,2147,0.19375873311597577],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2763}} -{"text":"Torii Kì-liām Phok-bu̍t-koán\n**Torii Ryûzô** (Hàn-jī: 鳥居龍藏) sī Ji̍t-pún 1-ê jîn-lūi-ha̍k kap khó-kó͘-ha̍k ê ha̍k-chiá. I tī 1870-nî 4-go̍eh 4-hō chhut-sì, 1953-nî 1-go̍eh 14 kòe-sin.\n\nTorii Ryûzô sī Ji̍t-pún Tokusima-kōan (德島縣) lâng. I sui-jiân liân sió-ha̍k jī-nî tō tha̍k bô liáu, m̄-koh āu--lâi soah chiap-siū Tang-kiaⁿ Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k jîn-lūi-ha̍k kàu-siū Tuboi Syôgorô (坪井正五郎) ê chí-tō, chiâⁿ-chò jîn-lūi-ha̍k-kho ê chō͘-chhiú.\n\nI tī 1896 kàu 1900 chit-kúi-nî, lóng-chóng lâi Tâi-oân 4-chōa, chò goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k ê ha̍k-su̍t tiau-cha, chha-put-to kā Tâi-oân-tó kiâⁿ thàu-thàu, mā ū khì kàu Lân-sū, thè Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k ê jîn-lūi-ha̍k kap bîn-cho̍k-ha̍k hun-lūi kiàn-li̍p tiōng-iàu ê ki-chhó͘, mā lâu chin chē pó-kùi ê liap-iáⁿ kap bûn-jī chu-liāu.\n\n1897-nî ê sî i hoat-hiān Tâi-pak Îⁿ-soaⁿ-á lê-thióng, ūi Tâi-oân ê khó-kó͘-ha̍k phah-khui 1-sìⁿ mn̂g. Aū--lâi i khì Tiong-kok se-lâm-pō͘ chò tiau-cha, mā kā Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn kap Tiong-kok se-lâm-pō͘ ê chió-sò͘-bîn-cho̍k chò pí-kàu gián-kiù. 1900-nî liáu-āu, i koh chóan tùi Tang-pak-a, i tī Tang-a khó-kó͘-ha̍k kap jîn-lūi-ha̍k ê kòng-hiàn si̍t-chāi put-chí-á tōa.\n\nTorii Ryûzô tī 1921-nî í *Boán-chiu kap Bông-kó͘ ū Le̍k-sú Chìn-chêng* (滿蒙の有史以前) chit-phiⁿ lūn-bûn the̍h-tio̍h bûn-ha̍k phok-sū, tī Tang-kiaⁿ Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k chò chō͘-lí kàu-siū, bô-jōa-gú tō sî-chit, ka-tī sêng-li̍p **Torii Jîn-lūi-ha̍k Gián-kiù-sek** (鳥居人類學研究室). Āu--lâi koh chò-kòe Kok-ha̍k-īⁿ Tāi-ha̍k (國學院大學) kap Siōng-tì Tāi-ha̍k (上智大學) ê kàu-siū. 1939 kàu 1951-nî chit 12-tang, i mā sī Pak-kiaⁿ Iàn-keng Tāi-ha̍k (燕京大學) ê kheh-chō kàu-siū.\n\nI ê tù-chok ū siu-lio̍k chò *Torii Ryûzô Choân-chi̍p*.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 89537386\n* LCCN: n84112385\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 8402 2258\n* GND: 123605822\n* SUDOC: 075535238\n* BNF: cb14389882f (data)\n* NDL: 00085489\n* NKC: mzk2013750254\n* CiNii: DA01098226\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Torii Ryûzô","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[179,1841,0.09722976643128735],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2201}} -{"text":"Siáu-bí ê sin piau-chì\n**Siáu-bí Kho-ki** (小米科技) sī Tiong-kok chi̍t-keng hêng-tōng thong-sìn chiong-toan chong-tì gián-chè kap nńg-thé khai-hoat ê khì-gia̍p, tī 2010 nî 4 goe̍h 6 hō sêng-li̍p. Siáu-bí ê piau-chì sī chi̍t-ê MI ê tô͘-hêng; che sī *Mobile Internet* ê siok-siá, tāi-piáu Siáu-bí sī chi̍t-keng soá-tāng ê bāng-chè bāng-lō͘ kong-si. MI ê lēng-gōa chi̍t-ê hâm-gī sī *mission impossible*, ì-sù sī \"oân-sêng bōe-ēng oân-sêng ê jīm-bū\". Nā-chún kā piau-chì péng-pêng, hêng-chōng chhin-chhiūⁿ Hàn-jī ê sim (心), ì-sù sī \"ūi iōng-hō͘ séng chi̍t-kóa-á sim\".\n\n2010 nî, Siáu-bí oân-sêng A lûn iông-chu 4100-bān Bí-kim, pēng tī chhú-āu iâⁿ-lâi chē-chē lûn iông-chu. 2011 nî, hoat-piáu tē-it khoán sán-phín \"Siáu-bí Chhiú-ki\". 2015 nî Siáu-bí chiâⁿ-chò Tiong-kok chiân-saⁿ-tōa tì-hūi-hêng chhiú-ki chhiúⁿ-siong kap choân-kiû siāng-tōa tì-hūi-hêng chhiú-ki chhiúⁿ-siong chit-it.","meta":{"title":"Siáu-bí Kho-ki","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,882,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1013}} -{"text":"Ài-hô\n**Ài-hô** (愛河) sī lâu koè Ko-hiông chhī-lāi ūn-hô-hoà ê chi̍t tiâu sè-tiâu hô. Tn̂g-tō͘ tāi-kài 12 kong-lí, goân-thâu tī Jîn-bú-khu. \n\nÀi-hô tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi kiò chòe **Ko-hiông-chhoan** (高雄川 *Takao-gawa*) iah-sī **Táⁿ-káu-chhoan** (打狗川), chiàn-āu pat kái chòe **Jîn-ài-hô** (仁愛河). Nā koh khah thoân-thóng lâi kóng, Ài-hô ê bô-kâng hô-toāⁿ lóng ū bô-kâng ê miâ, kó͘-chá chāi-tē lâng it-poaⁿ sì kā hō chò \"káng\", chhan-chhiūⁿ \"Thâu-chêng-káng\", \"Āu-piah-káng\" téng-téng. \n\n\"Ài-hô\" chi̍t-ê miâ pún-sin sī tùi \"Ài-hô Iû-chûn-só͘\" (愛河遊船所) hō--lâi-ê.\n\nHō-miâ\n------\n\nTī Hōng-soaⁿ-koān Chhái-hóng-chheh lāi-bīn, ū kì-lio̍k pún hô tī Chheng-kok sî-kî hun tōaⁿ ê hō-miâ, tùi téng-liû sǹg--lo̍h-lâi, sī Chûn-á-thâu-káng (船仔頭港), Chhân-bóe-káng (田尾港), Lêng-chúi-káng (龍水港), í-kip Iâm-tiâⁿ-káng (鹽埕港).\n\nJi̍t-pún sî-tāi chá-kî chiàu tē-hō-miâ, hō kûi-tiâu sī Táⁿ-káu-chhoan (打狗川), āu-lâi mā tùi tē-hō-miâ kái chò Ko-hiông-chhoan. Chiàn-āu koan-hong ê hō-miâ sī Ko-hiông-hô (高雄河). Ài-hô chit-ê miâ it-poaⁿ sī jīn-ûi tī 1948 nî ū gōa-tē phài--lâi ê kì-chià siá sin-bûn ê sî, tùi tē-hng bô se̍k, chiong hô-piⁿ \"Ài-hô Iû-chûn-só͘\" khâng-páng ê miâ tòng chò sī hô ê miâ siá-ji̍p pò-tō, kàu 1950 nî-tāi, \"Ài-hô\" í-keng siū chhī-chèng-hú sin-bûn kap koaⁿ-hong sin-bûn-siā chhái-ēng.\n\n1968 nî, ū kok-hōe gī-oân thê-àn kái pún hô ê miâ chò \"Jîn-ài-hô\" (仁愛河), bo̍k-tek sī o-ló Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k hu-jîn Sòng Bí-lêng â jîn-ài. Āu-bóe chhī-gī-hōe thong-kòe, 1970 nî chèng-sek si̍t-si. Chóng-sī 1991 nî chhī-gī-hōe tiông-sin thó-lūn hō-miâ, 1992 nî koat-tēng khoe-ho̍k sú-iōng Ài-hô.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. 1 2 3 陳仁勇 (2005). \"愛河名稱沿革考\". *高市文獻*. 高雄市文獻委員會. **18** (2).","meta":{"title":"Ài-hô","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[66,1625,0.040615384615384616],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1912}} -{"text":"\"Tshik lîm pat im\" jī-ūn-tsheh [en] piân-tsiong\n**Tshik lîm pat im** (hàn-gú: 戚林八音; pîng-uē-jī: Chék Lìng Báik Ĭng), sī Tiong-kok Hok-tsiu ū-miâ ê tē-hng ūn-tsheh [en]. Hong-im 30 jī-bió kah it-jī-tiāu tshut 4-siañ, 15 siañ kū-tsài. Bing Ka-tsīng ê sî-tsūn, Tshik Kè-kong (poj: Chék Gié-guŏng ) ji̍p-Bân thuè o. Liáu-āu, uân-sîng \"Tshik tsham-tsiòng pat-im jī-gī piān-lám\" (poj: Chék Chăng-cióng Báik Ĭng Cê-ngiê Biêng-lāng; hàn-gú: 戚參將八音字義便覽). Tshing Khong-hi ê sî-tsūn, tshái-tshú \"jī-gī\" (字義) ê tsing-iàu lî-tshiáñ kán-huà í-ê ì-sù kiat-kòo, kái-tìng-liáu tsiânn-tsò \"Thài-sú Lîm Pik-san sian-sing tsu-gio̍k tông-sing\" (poj: Tái-sṳ̄ Lìng Pék-săng Sĭng-săng Ciŏ-ngṳ̆k Dùng-sĭng; hàn-gú: 太史林碧山先生珠玉同聲) tsit-pún tsheh.\"Tshik-lîm pat-im\" (戚林八音) tsik-uî \"Tshik tsham-tsiòng pat-im jī-gī pēn-lám\" (戚參將八音字義便覽) kah \"Thài-sú Lîm Pik-san sian-sing tsu-gio̍k tông-sing\" (太史林碧山先生珠玉同聲) jī-pōo ūn-su ê ha̍p-tìng-pún. İú-kuan tsit nn̄g-pún ê tsok-tsiá [en] sī siáñ-lâng, bo̍k-tsên iah-koh bô bîng-khak ê khó-tsìng. Tsit nn̄g-pún tsheh ê ha̍p-tìng-pún sī-iû Hok-tsiu lâng \"Tsìn An\" (晉安) huê-tsi̍p tī 1749-nî iū-koh tsò sū, Hok-tsiu tē-i̍k ê gú-gên tsik-í \"Pat-im\" (八音) tòng-tsò jī-sû kui-huān. Káu kin-á-ji̍t í-king ū 250 guā-nî, \"Tshik-lîm pat-im\" (戚林八音) sī gén-kiú Hok-tsiu-uē im-ūn [en] ê tiōng-iàu tù-tsok.\n\nHēn-tsūn siōng kóo-tsá ê pán-pún \"Tshik lîm pat im ha̍p-tìng\" (戚林八音合訂), sī Khên-liông nî-kan ê \"Ha̍k-hái-tông\" (學海堂) bo̍k-khik-pán. M̄-ku liû-thuân siōng-kài-tuā tiāñ-tiāñ hông huan-ìn ê pán-pún uî \"Bîn-kok sik-iōng kái-liông Tshik lîm pat im ha̍p-tìng\" (民國適用改良戚林八音合訂), 1912-nî ê tshoo-pán. Lán sóo-kóng-ê kái-liông, tio̍h-sī kàu-tìng tsi̍t-kuá tshò-gōo, koh-tsài tsing-ka sañ-kha nn̄g-pōo tiāñ-tiāñ sóo-iōng ê tsi̍t-kuá jī-sû. Teh Bân-hâu kuān mā-ū tsi̍t-pún 1840-nî tshut-pán ê \"Tsi̍p-sin-tông\" (集新堂) tsông-pán.\n\n\"Tshik pún\" (戚本) ê pen-tsip-tsiá khiā-miâ \"Sann-san Tshài Tsì-phuàñ Khai-pik sī\" (三山蔡士泮開璧氏). \"Lîm pún\" (林本) ê pen-tsip-tsiá khiā-miâ \"Bân-tiong Tîng-san Tîn Tho-iá jîn-sī\" (閩中藤山陳他也人氏). Nńg-lâng tsin-si̍t señ-miâ sin-sè, kàu kin-á-ji̍t lóng-bô khak-si̍t khó-kù. Tsit nn̄g-pún tsheh kàu \"Ha̍p-tìng-pún\" (合訂本) tsìn-tsîng, lóng-iōng tshau-pún lâi thuân-lio̍k. Tsū \"Ha̍p-tìng-pún\" (合訂本) khai-sí khah-ū khik-pún. M̄-koh Tsìn An tàu-té sóo huê-tsi̍p kàu-tsìng tá-tsi̍t-kuá sū-hāng, mā bô-huat-tōo lâi khó-tsìng1.\n\nTshik Kè-kong sī Suañ-tang jîn-sū, i bô-siáñ khó-lîng ē-hiáng siá Hok-kèn-uē ê ūn-su, teh kuan-hong kì-tsài lāi-té mā-bô kóng-tio̍h Tshik Kè-kong ū-siá \"Tshik lîm pat im\" (戚林八音) tsit-pún tù-tsok ê tsit-khuán suè-huat tsi-luī.:12 Lô Siông-puê [zh] kah kî-thañ ê ha̍k-tsiá mā lóng jīm-uî \"Tshik pún\" (戚本) sī-uî Tîn Tē [zh] sóo-siá hi̍k-tsiá sóo pian-tsip.:12 M̄-ku \"Tshik pún\" (戚本) hap Tîn Tē ê sóo-tsai ê tù-tsok tsi-kan tsûn-tsāi put-siáu tsha-i̍k.:23–25 Teh tuā-to-sòo hēn-tāi ê ha̍k-tsiá siong-sìn \"Tshik pún\" (戚本) sī-iû \"Tshài Tsì-phuàñ\" (蔡士泮) sóo-siá, m̄-koh kî-thañ ê sìn-sit tō lóng put-bîng.:360:25–26\n\n\"Lîm pún\" (林本) ê kiat-kòo hām \"Tshik pún\" (戚本) khah sio-kāng, Lîm-pún sī tsiò-tio̍h \"Lîm Pik-san\" (林碧山) tsí-miâ. Lîm Pik-san tsik-kuàn [zh] sī Hok-kèn Bân-hâu-kuān jîn-sū, thong-kuè 1688-nî kho-kú liáu-āu teh Hô-pak té-tsiām tsò-kuè kui-nî kuañ. \"Tshik lîm pat im\" (戚林八音) sîng-sū nî-tāi khó-lîng siōng-tsá tī 17 sè-kí bua̍t, put-jī-kò pìng-bô kì-tsài piáu-bîng Lîm Pik-san huat-piáu kuè jīm-hô ha̍k-su̍t [en] tù-tsok.[4]:27 Līng-guā tuā-to-sòo hēn-tāi ha̍k-tsiá siong-sìn \"Tshik pún\" (戚本) sī-iû \"Tîn Tho-iá\" (陳他也) sóo-siá--ê, put-kò kî-thañ ê sìn-sit kâng-khuán lóng put-bîng.:360:28\n\nSiann-tiāu hām siú-jī-bú kap ah-ūn\n----------------------------------\n\n### Siann-tiāu\n\nPîng-uē-jī ê sì-siañ sī \"Piâñ Sióng Khì Ji̍p\" (poj: Bìng Siōng Ké̤ṳ Ĭk, hàn-gú: 平上去入), ki-pún-siōng iû sì-siañ \"Piâñ Sióng Khì Ji̍p\" tsoo-sîng peh-ê siañ-tiāu (poj: siăng-diêu); piáu-sī z̦û-hā:\n\n(1). Siōng-hā (上下), (2). Siōng-siōng (上上), (3). Siōng-khì (上去), (4). Siōng-ji̍p (上入), (5). Hā-pîng (下平), (6). Hā-siōng (下上), (7). Hā-khì (下去), í-kip (8). Hā-ji̍p (下入).\n\n### Siann-bió\n\nKah Bân-lâm-gú luī-tsi̍p ngá-sio̍k-thong si̍p-ngóo-im, tōo-kang-su si̍p-ngóo-im tíng-tíng tsia-ê ūn-su siә-kāng, Bān-tang-gú Hok-tsiu-uē pîng-uē-jī mā-ū si̍p-ngóo im ê huat-tén kì-lio̍k; pîng-uē-jī ê 15-ê siañ-bió piáu-sī z̩û-hā:\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Liú pen kiû khì kē, | (柳邊求氣低), | /l/, /p/, /k/, /kʰ/, /t/ |\n| Po tho tsing ji̍t sî, | (波他曾日時), | /pʰ/, tʰ], /ts/, /n/, /s/ |\n| İng bông gú tshut hui, | (鶯蒙語出非), | */Ø/ [en]*, /m/, /ŋ/, 'tsʰ/, /h/ |\n| Tá tsióng ú kun tī. | (打掌與君知). |\n\nTû-liáu hēn-tāi Hok-tsiu-uē tsiâñ bîng-hén ê [n]/[l] lióng-im put-hun, hēn-tāi Bân-tang tē-khu gú-gên ê siañ-bió ket-kòo ki-pún hām \"Tshik lîm pat im\" (戚林八音) tsit-pún tsu tshut-tsheh ê sî-tsūn sio-kāng.\n\n### Ūn-bió\n\n\"Tshik lîm pat im\" ( 戚林八音) lāi-té iah-koh kì-lio̍k tio̍h iōng hit-tang-tsūn ê Hok-tsiu-uē lóng-tsóng 33-ê ūn-bió siá-tsiū ê jī-sû. (\"Kim\", \"Muî\", \"Tsia\", \"Jióng\" (\"金\", \"梅\", \"遮\", \"冗\")):360:43–45\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Tshun-hue phang, | (春花香), | [uŋ/uk], [ua/uaʔ], [ioŋ/iok] |\n| Tshiu-san khui, | (秋山開), | [iu], [aŋ/ak], [ai] |\n| Ka-pin huan-ko su kim-pue. | (嘉賓歡歌須金杯). | [a/aʔ], [iŋ/ik], [uaŋ/uak], [o/oʔ], [y], *redundant*, [uoi] |\n| Koo-ting kong-hui sio gîn-hông. | (孤燈光輝燒銀缸). | [u/uʔ], [ɛŋ/ɛk], [uoŋ/uok], [ui], [ieu], [yŋ/yk], [oŋ/ok] |\n| Tsi tang-kau, | (之東郊), | [i], [øŋ/øk], [au] |\n| Kuè se-kiâu. | (過西橋). | [uo/uoʔ], [ɛ/ɛʔ], [io/ioʔ] |\n| Ke-sing tshue tshu-then, | (雞聲催初天), | [ie], [iaŋ/iak], [øy], [œ/œʔ], [ieŋ/iek] |\n| Kî-buê uai tsia-kiou. | (奇梅歪遮溝). | [ia/iaʔ], *redundant*, [uai], *redundant*, [ɛu] |\n\nKuè-khì kuí-ā-ê sè-kí, Hok-tsiu-uē huat-sing-liáu 3-ê tsú-iàu ê piàn-huà. (1). Khui-pè ūn-bió, tsik-sī siōng-khì, siōng-ji̍p hām hā-khì tíng-tíng ê jiu teh tíng-tíng khuân-kíng tsi-hā tsuán-huà tsó in-ê khui ê hîng-sik; (2).[iu] kap [ieu], [ui] kap [uoi] ê kap-tsò-hué; (3). Ūn-bué [-k] kap [-ʔ] ê sañ-lām-tsham.\n\nTeh tsá-kî Hok-tsiu-uē gén-kiú tang-tiong ê tē-uī\n-------------------------------------------------\n\nKuí-ā-ê sè-kí í-lâi, \"Tshik lîm pat im\" lóng hông tong-tē ê lâng iōng-tsò Hok-tsiu-uē ê kuân-ui tsham-khó. \"Tshek lîm pat im\" iah-koh tsiâñ-tuā ê tshiok-tsìn Hok-tsiu tsá-kî se-hong thuân-kàu-sū ha̍k-si̍p, gián-kiú Hok-tsiu-ue ê tsham-khó-su.:213–214\nBí-kok sûn-tō-tsong [en] thuân-kàu-sū Moses Clark White tshut-pán tē-it pōo gián-kiú Hok-tsiu-uē ê gián-kiú su-tsik.:215 tuì \"Tshik lîm pat im\" tsit-pún tsheh Moses Clark White án-ne siá:\n\n> \"Tshik lîm pat im\" sóo-iōng ê siañ-ūn hē-thóng, tsiâñ-tsò (ú siañ-tiāu hû-hō tsò-hué) tsi̍t-thò uân-tsíng ê Hok-tsiu-uē jī-bió-pió. Tsit-ê ji-bió-pió hōo thuân-kàu-sū iōng-kah tsiah-nī tong-ûn, tsú-iàu iōng-teh su-siá kháu-gú sû-kù tíng-kuân, án-ne tō-lâi uân-sîng thuân-kàu-sū in-ê ka-kī ê gén-kiú. \"Hok-im-su\" í-king ū sañ-pún thong-kuè tsit-tsióng hong-sik jī-lâi huan-i̍k uân-sîng.\n> \n> — M.C. White\n> \n\nUī-tio̍h tit-tio̍h pí huán-tshet hām hàn-jī koh-khah kán-tsia̍t ê piáu-sī siañ-ūn-bió ê hē-thóng, Moses Clark White thàn-iūñ [en] ing-gú gú-gên ha̍k-ka William Jone [en] ê tsuán-im hong-huat; tsit-khuán tsuán-im-huat ē-tàng kā Ìn-tōo, Thài-pîng-iûñ kah Pak-Bí-tsiu tíng-tíng tē-khu ê gú-giân, iōng Latin jī-bó kā sóo-ū ê siañ-ūn-bió lóng phing-siá tshut--lâi.:356\nTsū-án-ne Moses Clark White iah uân-sîng Hok-tsiu-uē siōng-tsá ê tsuán-siá khang-khuè.\n14 ê sing-bió (lîng sing-bió ah-bē siá) hām 9 ê guân-im sī: :355–356:217\n\n* Hù-im: ch, ch', h, k, k', l, m, n, ng, p, p', s, t, t'\n* Guân-im: a, e, è, ë, i, o, ò, u, ü\n\nMoses Clark White ê tsuán-siá āu-lâi hōo āu-tāi ê ha̍k-tsiá put-tuān lâi siu-tsìng, tsia-ê im-ūn piau-tsún-huà liáu-āu tsik-sī pîng-uē-jī.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 3 《戚林八音》晉安序. (Hàn-gí)\n2. 1 2 3 4 《戚林八音校注》前言，以西曆二〇〇一年刻印。 (Hàn-gí)\n3. ↑ 《閩侯新聞網》〈一本珍藏一百七十多年的福州方言字典——戚林八音〉，出版於二〇一五年四月十日。 (Hàn-gí)\n4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Li (1993).\n5. 1 2 3 Yong & Peng (2008).\n6. 1 2 3 White (1856).\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 李如龍 (Lī Ṳ̀-lṳ̀ng) 著, 王升魁 注解, \"戚林八音校注 (Chék Lìng Báik Ĭng Gáu-cé̤ṳ)\", 福建人民出版社 (Hók-gióng Ìng-mìng Chók-bēng-siâ), 2001-5. ISBN 9787211020225 (Hàn-gí)\n* 晉安匯『戚林八音』1749年 (『戚參將八音字義便覧』(16世紀)『太史林碧山先生珠玉同聲』(17-18世紀)合訂本) (Hàn-gí)\n* Li, Zhuqing (1993), *A study of the \"Qī Lín Bāyīn\"* (PhD thesis), University of Washington, OCLC 38703889.  (Eng-gí)\n* White, M.C. (1856), \"The Chinese Language Spoken at Fuh Chau\", *The Methodist Review*, **38**: 352–381.  (Eng-gí)\n* Yong, Heming; Peng, Jing (2008), *Chinese Lexicography : A History from 1046 BC to AD 1911: A History from 1046 BC to AD 1911*, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-156167-2.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Chhet-un-khó (切韻考)\n* University of Washington\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n Wikibooks ū koan-hē **Hok-tsiu-uē ha̍k-si̍p tsu-liāu (Hàn-gí)** ê kàu-châi kap soat-bêng-su.\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | English Wikisource ū siong-koan ê goân-sú loē-iông:\n**Tshik lîm pat im (Eng-gí)** |\n\n* 戚林八音歌(一) (Hàn-gí)\n* 如何运用福州方言字典《戚林八音》作者 黄世鼎 (Hàn-gí)\n* About 電子化平話字音表｡ 戚林八音校注 (Hàn-gí)\n* An English-Chinese dictionary of the Foochow dialect (Hàn-gí)\n* 馬祖閩東語本字檢索系統(試用版) (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chhek lîm pat im","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1994,8640,0.23078703703703704],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":10271}} -{"text":"**Tâi-ôan Ho̍h-ló phài bîn-kan im-ga̍k**, pau-koat Ho̍h-ló bîn-koa kah khì-ga̍k nn̄g pō͘-hūn.\n\nHo̍h-ló bîn-koa\n---------------\n\nHo̍h-ló bîn-koa, ki-pún-siōng sī teh kóng Tâi-ôan bîn-kan ê Ho̍h-ló koa-iâu, iōng Bân-lâm-gí (Ho̍h-ló-ōe) ián-chhiùⁿ, sī ùi kòe-khì chi̍t tāi sòa chi̍t tāi siong-thôan--lo̍h-lâi ê bin-kan koa-iâu.\n\n### Àn-chiàu sán-seng kah liû-thong hun-pō͘ hun-lūi\n\nTâi-ôan Ho̍h-ló bîn-koa, àn-chiàu sán-seng kah liû-thong hun-pō͘ ê chōng-hóng, liōng-ki-iok ē-sái pun-chòe saⁿ ê khah tōa ê phìⁿ, che to̍h-sī: sai-pō͘ pêng-gôan, Hêng-chhun tē-khu kah pak-pō͘ Gî-lân tē-khu. Chit saⁿ ê khu-he̍k, tú-tú-hó mā-sī Bân-lâm-lâng tēng-ku khai-hoat siāng-kài chi̍p-tiong ê só͘-chāi.\n\n### Àn-chiàu koa-sû biâu-siá ê chú-tê\n\nÀn-chiàu koa-sû biâu-siá ê hong-keh, tāi-khài pun-chòe ē-kha kok-chióng ê lūi-hêng:\n\n1. Ka-têng lûn-lí lūi (pí-lūn: Pēⁿ-kiáⁿ-koa)\n2. Lô-tōng lūi (pí-lūn: Gû-lê-koa)\n3. Ài-chêng lūi (pí-lūn: La̍k-ge̍h bo̍at-lī)\n4. Chè-sī lūi (祭祀類, pí-lūn: Khan-bông-koa)\n5. Káng-sū lūi (敘事類, pí-lūn: Soat-mûi su-kun)\n6. Ngô͘-lo̍k lūi (娛樂類, pí-lūn: Lim-chiu-koa)\n\nPut-lī-kò, in-ūi koa-sû óng-óng khan-liân chin-chōe chióng ê ì-gī, ū-sî mā chin oh-tit kā Ho̍h-ló bîn-koa chòe tan-sûn ê hun-lūi. Ho̍h-ló bîn-koa ê ián-chhiùⁿ tōa-to-sò͘ sio̍k-î toaⁿ-im khiok-tiāu ê ián-chhiùⁿ, mā-ū sio-po tùi-chhiùⁿ--ê, pí-lūn Thô-hoe tah-tō͘ kah Tō͘-ún-á koa. Che í-gōa, koh-ū gîm-siōng sek ê ián-chhiùⁿ hong-hoat, put-kò khah hán-kiàn. Ho̍h-ló bîn-koa ê choh-sû choh-khek chin sû-phok, i ê sôan-lu̍t bí-biāu, chhiong-bóan hiong-thó͘-bī, koa-sû it-poaⁿ sī sì kù chhit jī, lâng kóng \"sì-kù-liân-á\".\n\nHo̍h-ló bîn-kan khì-ga̍k\n------------------------\n\nTâi-ôan Ho̍h-ló bîn-kan khì-ga̍k, àn-chiàu im-ga̍k te̍k-sek, ē-tàng pun-chòe lâm-kóan ga̍k kah pak-kóan ga̍k nn̄g ê phài-pia̍t, chóng--sī khah-chē ha̍p-chàu, to̍k-chàu khah-chió. To̍k-chàu im-ga̍k ê ga̍k-khì thong-siông sī hiân-á chit-lūi--ê, chhan-chhiūⁿ tōa-kóng-hiân, jī-hiân, ah sio̍k-î phoah-hiân ga̍k-khì ê go̍eh-khîm, ū-tang-sî-á mā-ē iōng--tio̍h. \n\nHa̍p-chàu khì-ga̍k chhái-iōng ê ga̍k-khì, pau-koah \"kim (金), chio̍h (石), thó͘ (土), phôe-kek (革), si-sòaⁿ (絲), tek (竹), phû (匏)\" kok-chióng lūi-hêng--ê, àn-chiàu ga̍k-khì bô-kâng ê pian-chè, koh ē-tàng pun-chò ē-kha sì chióng lūi-hêng: \n\n1. lô-kó͘ ga̍k\n2. kó͘-chhoe ga̍k\n3. sī-tek ga̍k (lâm-kóan chò tāi-piáu )\n4. hūn-hap ga̍k (chhan-chhiūⁿ teh chè-sī ah-sī khèng-tián ê sî, ián-chhut ê \"cha̍p-saⁿ-khiuⁿ\")\n\nSin hoat-tián\n-------------\n\nChe-í-gōa, chi̍t-kóa-á iû-tio̍h Tâi-ôan kīn-nî-lâi gē-kài só͘ chhòng-chok--ê, iu-siù ê Bân-lâm-gí chhiò-khoe-kio̍k, mā hō͘-lâng khòaⁿ-chòe sī Ho̍h-ló im-ga̍k tiōng-iàu ê chó͘-sêng pō͘-hūn. Chit-khóan chhiò-khe kio̍k tōa-to-sò͘ sī iau-chhiáⁿ gē-kài ê chhiò-khoe ián-ôan lâi lio̍k-chè--ê, i ê te̍k-tiám sī chhiong-bóan chhù-bī kah hàm-kó͘, gí-giân tùi-pe̍h cha̍p-chiok chhiò-khoe, iu-kî siū-tio̍h bîn-chiòng ê hí-ài kah phâng-tiûⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Ho̍h-ló bîn-kan im-ga̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[420,2826,0.14861995753715498],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3296}} -{"text":"Tī sò͘-ha̍k tiong, chi̍t ê ho̍k-cha̍p-sò͘ {\\displaystyle z} ê **ho̍k-kiōng-tam** (Hàn-jī: 複共擔, Eng-gí: complex conjugate) {\\displaystyle {\\overline {z}}} mā sī chi̍t ê ho̍k-cha̍p-sò͘, {\\displaystyle {\\overline {z}}} ê si̍t-pó͘ kah {\\displaystyle z} sio-kâng, {\\displaystyle {\\overline {z}}} hi-pō͘ kah {\\displaystyle z} pêⁿ-tōa tān-sī hû-hō tùi-hoán ê sò͘. Khiā-sǹg-kóng, nā-chún {\\displaystyle a}  kap {\\displaystyle b} sī si̍t-sò͘, {\\displaystyle z=a+bi} ê ho̍k-kiōng-tam tiō sī {\\displaystyle {\\overline {z}}=a-bi}. Pí-lūn-kóng,\n\n{\\textstyle {\\overline {-4+3i}}=-4-3i}\n{\\textstyle {\\overline {8}}=8} (si̍t-sò͘ ê ho̍k-kiōng-tam sī i ka-kī)\n{\\textstyle {\\overline {2i}}=-2i} (sûn hi-sò͘ ê ho̍k-kiōng-tam sī i ê tùi-hoán sò͘)\nLán nā iōng-tio̍h ke̍k-chò-piau piáu-sī, ē-sái án-ne tēng-gī ho̍k-kiōng-tam:\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\overline {re^{i\\theta }}}=re^{-i\\theta }}\nkî-tiong in ê hok-kak hû-hō tùi-hoán. Che ē-sái iōng Euler kong-sek lâi chèng-bêng.\n\nMiâ-chheng\n----------\n\nEng-gí *conjugate* goân-chū Latin-gí ê *coniugāre* (\"liân chò-hóe, gû-taⁿ\"), iû *con-* (\"chò-hóe\") +‎ *iugāre* (\" chiap, pa̍k, liân\") kò͘-sêng. \n\nTiong-kok-ōe kā e̍k-chò 共軛. Ji̍t-pún-ōe e̍k-chò 共役. Tâi-oân-ōe e̍k-chò 共擔.\n\nKì-hō\n-----\n\nHo̍k-kiōng-tam ê kì-hō ū nn̄g chióng: vinculum {\\displaystyle {\\overline {z}}} kap chheⁿ-tiám {\\displaystyle z^{\\*}}. \n\nTē 1 chióng sò͘-ha̍k-ka khah ài iōng. \n\nTē 2 chióng bu̍t-lí-ha̍k, tiān-ki kang-têng, tiān-náu kho-ha̍k téng-téng léng-he̍k khah ài iōng.\n\nIt-poaⁿ-hòa\n-----------\n\nChi̍t ê ho̍k hâng-lia̍t ê ho̍k-kiōng-tam tiō sī ta̍k-ê iàu-sò͘ lóng ka i piàn-chò ho̍k-kiōng-tam. Pí-lūn-kóng, \n\n{\\displaystyle \\mathbf {A} ={\\begin{pmatrix}2+3i&{\\sqrt {3}}i\\\\1-0.5i&-6\\end{pmatrix}},\\quad {\\overline {\\mathbf {A} }}={\\begin{pmatrix}2-3i&-{\\sqrt {3}}i\\\\1+0.5i&-6\\end{pmatrix}}.}\n\nSèng-chit\n---------\n\nTùi jīm-hô nn̄g ê ho̍k-cha̍p-sò͘ {\\displaystyle z} kap {\\displaystyle w}, lán ū\n\n* {\\displaystyle {\\overline {\\left({\\overline {z}}\\right)}}=z}.\n* {\\displaystyle {\\overline {z+w}}={\\overline {z}}+{\\overline {w}}}.\n* {\\displaystyle {\\overline {z-w}}={\\overline {z}}-{\\overline {w}}}.\n* {\\displaystyle {\\overline {zw}}={\\overline {z}}\\cdot {\\overline {w}}}.\n* {\\displaystyle {\\overline {\\left({\\frac {z}{w}}\\right)}}={\\frac {\\overline {z}}{\\overline {w}}}}, chún-kóng {\\displaystyle w\\neq 0}.\n* {\\displaystyle z{\\overline {z}}={\\left|z\\right|}^{2}}.\n* {\\displaystyle \\left\\vert {\\overline {z}}\\right\\vert =\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert }.\n* {\\displaystyle z^{-1}={\\frac {\\overline {z}}{{\\left|z\\right|}^{2}}}}, chún-kóng {\\displaystyle z\\neq 0}.\n* {\\displaystyle {\\overline {z^{n}}}=\\left({\\overline {z}}\\right)^{n}}, tùi só͘-ū ê {\\displaystyle n\\in \\mathbb {Z} }\n* {\\displaystyle \\exp \\left({\\overline {z}}\\right)={\\overline {\\exp(z)}}}\n* {\\displaystyle \\ln \\left({\\overline {z}}\\right)={\\overline {\\ln(z)}}}, chún-kóng {\\displaystyle z\\neq 0}.\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ ēng Eng-gí tha̍k-chò \"z bar\".","meta":{"title":"Ho̍k-kiōng-tam","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1050,2982,0.352112676056338],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3121}} -{"text":"Sai Sahara\n**Sai Sahara** (A-la-pek-gí: صحراء غربية) tiàm-tī Hui-chiu sai-pak-pō·, ì-sù sī Sahara Soa-bô· ê sai-pêng. Hái-hōaⁿ oá Tāi-se-iûⁿ. Keh-piah ū Morocco (pak), Algeria (tang-pak), Mauritania (tang kap lâm) 3 kok. Sai Sahara bo̍k-chêng tōa pō·-hūn sī Morocco teh thóng-tī. Chāi-tē Sahrawi-lâng ê chèng-tī cho·-chit hō--ê kok-miâ sī **Sahrawi A-la-pek Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok**.\n\n1884 nî Se-pan-gâ sè-le̍k khai-sí chhun kàu iân-hái tē-tài. 1924 nî (?) Se-pan-gâ kā Saguia el-Hamra (pak) kap Río de Oro (lâm) chit 2-ê hêng-chèng-khu ha̍p-pèng chò Se-pan-gâ Sahara. Sahara Tháu-pa̍k Ūn-tōng tī 1967 hit nî sêng-li̍p, siū tio̍h Se-pan-gâ kiông-lia̍t táⁿ-ap, 1970 nî kìm-chí. 1973 nî to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng cho·-chit Polisario sêng-li̍p. 1975 nî keh-piah kok Morocco hoat-tōng jîn-hái-chiàn-su̍t kā Se-pan-gâ-lâng koáⁿ cháu, kàu kah 1979 nî oân-choân chiáng-ak tiâu leh. 1976 nî Polisario léng-tō ê to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng soán-pò· sêng-li̍p Sahrawi-kok, hām Morocco kun-hong kau-chiàn. 1991 nî in ê liû-bông chèng-koân hām Morocco chhiam-tēng thêng-hóe hia̍p-gī, che pau-koah tī bī-lâi pān kong-bîn tâu-phiò koat-tēng chòe-āu ê chèng-tī tē-ūi. Chóng--sī in-ūi siang-hong tùi tâu-phiò koân ê jīn-tēng bô hoat-tō· ta̍t-sêng kiōng-sek, kàu taⁿ iáu-bōe ū tut-phòa. Tōa-pō·-hūn kok-ka bô sêng-jīm Morocco ê thóng-tī-koân.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nHui-chiu ê kok-ka kap i-lāi-tē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Kok-ka | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Chú-khoân kok-ka | Algeria · Angola · Benin · Botswana · Burkina Faso · Burundi · Cameroon · Cabo Verde · Tiong-hui Kiōng-hô-kok · Chad · Comoros · Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok · Congo Kiōng-hô-kok · Djibouti · Ai-ki̍p · Chhiah-tō Guinea · Eritrea · Ethiopia\n · Gabon · Gambia · Ghana · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Côte d'Ivoire · Kenya · Lesotho · Liberia · Libya · Madagascar · Malawi · Mali · Mauritania · Mauritius · Morocco · Mozambique · Namibia · Niger · Nigeria · Rwanda · São Tomé kap Príncipe · Senegal · Seychelles · Sierra Leone · Somalia · Lâm-hui-kok · Lâm Sudan · Sudan · Eswatini · Tanzania · Togo · Tunisia · Uganda · Zambia · Zimbabwe |\n| |\n| Pō͘-hūn sêng-jīn ê kok-ka | Sahrawi A-la-pek Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok · Somaliland |\n\n | Orthogrpahic projection of Africa |\n| |\n| I-lāi-tē | Îles Éparses / Mayotte / Réunion (Hoat-kok) · Pantelleria / Pelagie Kûn-tó (Í-tāi-lī) · Madeira (Phû-tô-gâ) · Canaria Kûn-tó / Ceuta / Melilla / Plazas de soberanía (Se-pan-gâ) · Saint Helena, Ascension kap Tristan da Cunha (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok) · Socotra (Yemen) · Sai Sahara 1 |\n| |\n| 1 Ū chú-khoân kiù-hun ê tē-hng. |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 127856076\n* LCCN: n81130239\n* GND: 4289787-7\n* NDL: 00576627\n* NKC: xx0124300\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Sai Sahara","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1163,2421,0.48038000826104915],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3123}} -{"text":"Chò-phōaⁿ tōng-bu̍t\n**Chò-phōaⁿ tōng-bu̍t** sī chhī beh chò-phōaⁿ, him-sióng, ia̍h sī kò͘-chhù ê tōng-bu̍t. Khah phó͘-thong ū káu-á, niau-á, hî-á, chiáu-á, kap thò͘-á téng-téng. Mā ū lâng chhī it-poaⁿ chò ka-thiok ê tōng-bu̍t, chhin-chhiūⁿ ti-á, ke-á chò-phōaⁿ, nā pâ-thiông-lūi kap khun-thiông mā ū chi̍t koá-á. Lâng ūi tio̍h chhù-bī ia̍h lō͘-iōng, í-keng kā chin chē khoán ê tōng-bu̍t poê-ióng chhut kok chióng bô-kâng ê phín-chéng.\n\nKóng-hoat\n---------\n\nŪ chi̍t jī **thióng-bu̍t** lâi chheng chit khoán tōng-bu̍t, m̄-koh Hō-ló-ōe si̍t-chè seng-oa̍h chin hán--tit teh ēng, lóng sī kaⁿ-taⁿ kóng \"tōng-bu̍t\" khah chē.\n\nPún kài-liām tī Eng-gí sī *pet*, sī tùi Scot-lân kap Pak Eng-lân thoân ji̍p, khí-goân bô chheng-chó, chóng-sī chá-sî ū ì-sù \"lo̍h-sèng ê tōng-bu̍t\".\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ pet, Online Etymology Dictionary.\n\nSiong-koan ê bûn-chiong\n-----------------------\n\n* Ka-thiok\n* Chò-kang tōng-bu̍t\n* Ka-chhī tōng-bu̍t","meta":{"title":"Chò-phōaⁿ tōng-bu̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[79,870,0.09080459770114943],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1068}} -{"text":"Mî-iûⁿ Kûn-tó sī Viking-lâng ǹg sai hoat-tián ê 1-ê tiōng-iàu ê tiong-sim. iû-phiò chiàⁿ-chhiú-pêng sī Au-chiu sai-pak, tò-chhiú-pêng sī Peng-tē, ē-pêng sī Britain Kûn-tó ê pak-pêng.\n**Viking-lâng** (Kó͘-Norse-oē: *vikingr*) sī 8 sè-kí boé-kî kàu 11 sè-kí chi-kan teh kiâⁿ-chûn thàm-hiám, kau-chiàn, chò seng-lí ê hit-koá Pak-au lâng. In bat chhiúⁿ-kiap Britain Kûn-tó, Hoat-kok, Au-chiu kî-thaⁿ só͘-chāi.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSkandinavia lī sai-lâm-a ê lông-gia̍p bûn-bêng hoat-goân-tē te̍k-pia̍t hn̄g, lông-gia̍p ki-su̍t kàu se-goân chêng 2500 nî chiah thoân kàu Au-chiu sai-pak. Au-chiu Tiong-kó· Sî-tāi chìn-chêng ê Skandinavia ē-sái kóng sī Au-chiu bûn-bêng ê chháu-tē, pēng-bô siū tio̍h Roma Tè-kok koán-hat a̍h-sī éng-hióng.\n\nSkandinavia ê tē-lí kap bu̍t-chit tiâu-kiāⁿ te̍k-pia̍t kó·-lē lâng hoat-tián kiâⁿ-chûn ki-su̍t. Norge iû-kî sī án-ne. I ê hái-hōaⁿ-sòaⁿ oan-oan-oat-oat, hêng-sêng chē-chē chhun ji̍p-khì lio̍k-tē ê tn̂g oan (hō-chò fjord), tì-sú chē chûn pí iân hái-hōaⁿ kiâⁿ lio̍k-tē khah khoài. Chá-kî ê chûn bô phâng. Kàu-kah 600 nî chó-iū chiah ū phâng-chûn ki-su̍t tùi Tē-tiong-hái thoân kàu-ūi. Hit tōaⁿ sî-kî Au-chiu khì-hāu te̍k-pia̍t sio-lo̍h, Skandinavia jîn-kháu tōa cheng-ka. Norge ê tē pún-té kan-taⁿ 3% sek-ha̍p chèng-choh. Kàu-kah 700 nî, sai Norge ê tē ē-tàng ióng-chhī ê jîn-kháu-gia̍h í-keng chha-put-to chīn-pōng.\n\nSó͘-í to̍h khai-sí ū lâng hoat-tián khì kàu hái-gōa. In ê chûn sok-tō· kín, ū phâng oân-ná ē-tit kò-chiúⁿ, ē-tàng kòe hái mā ē-sái kò chiūⁿ hô-chhoan. In chài Pak-au sim-lîm ê tōng-bu̍t phôe kàu Britain Kûn-tó, tāi-lio̍k gōa-siau. Ū-sî bé-bē, ū-sî kiam chhiúⁿ-kiap. In ka-kī hō ê miâ hō-chò *Viking*, ì-sù sī \"Chhiúⁿ-kiap ê lâng\". Thâu-khí-seng kéng joa̍h--lâng sî-chūn kòe hái khì kàu Britain hù-kīn ê Lindisfarne-tó chhiúⁿ tong-tē ê Ki-tok-kàu siu-tō-īⁿ, chhiu-thiⁿ chiah lī-khui. Āu--lâi tī koâⁿ--lâng ê sî-chūn bih tòa bo̍k-phiau-tē hù-kīn kòe-tang, thèng-hāu hó-thiⁿ chiah lo̍h-chhiú. Kàu-bóe--ah kui-khì lâu tòa gōa-hiong, kiàn-li̍p sin chèng-tī sè-le̍k.\n\nViking-lâng tùi-gōa khok-chhiong(?) ê lō͘-sòaⁿ chú-iàu pun 3 tiâu. Tang, sai.\n\n* Sverige -> Pe̍h-hái -> Kiev/Lō·-se-a\n* Danmark -> Lindisfarne-tó, Normandie, Brittany, Gibraltar, Tē-tiong-hái\n* Norge ->\n\t+ Shetland Kûn-tó\n\t+ Mî-iûⁿ Kûn-tó\n\t+ Orkney Kûn-tó\n\t+ Éire (Dublin)\n\t+ Peng-tē\n\t+ Chheⁿ-tē\n\t+ Vinland, Markland (Labrador, Newfoundland)\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\nChia̍h-mi̍h: siāng ài chia̍h ti-bah.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* Diamond, Jared. 2005. *Collapse: how societies choose to fail or succeed*. New York: Viking.","meta":{"title":"Viking-lâng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[299,2418,0.12365591397849462],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2850}} -{"text":"Wikispecies ê thâu-ia̍h\n**Wikispecies** (Ûi-ki-bu̍t-chéng) sī Wikimedia Ki-kim-hōe kiàn-li̍p ê chi̍t ê khai-hòng koh chū-iû ê bu̍t-chéng bo̍k-lio̍k. I-ê lōe-iông hâm-kài liáu tōng-bu̍t, si̍t-bu̍t, chin-khún, sè-khún, kó͘-sè-khún, goân-seng seng-bu̍t, pēⁿ-to̍k í-ki̍p só͘-ū tī Tē-kiû téng seng-oa̍h ê kok-chióng sèⁿ-miā. Wikispecies tī 2004 nî 9 goe̍h 14 khé-iōng, tī 2007 nî 5 goe̍h 20 ta̍t-kàu 100,000 tiâu bu̍t-chéng bûn-chiuⁿ. Kàu 2017 nî 9 goe̍h í-keng ū 560,000 tiâu bu̍t-chéng bûn-chiuⁿ.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nWikimedia Ki-kim-hōe |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Kang-sū | \n* Wikipedia\n* Wiktionary\n* Wikimedia Commons\n* Wikidata\n* Wikiquote\n* Wikisource\n* Wikibooks\n* Wikispecies\n* Wikinews\n* Wikiversity\n* Wikivoyage\n\n | |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | \n* Wikimania\n* MediaWiki\n* Meta-Wiki\n* Wikimedia Incubator\n\n |\n| |\n| Jîn-bu̍t | \n* Jimmy Wales\n* Larry Sanger\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Wikispecies","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[235,725,0.32413793103448274],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1044}} -{"text":"Chîn-tiâu pán-tô͘.\n**Chîn** (秦), ia̍h **Chîn-tiâu** (秦朝), sī tùi Chiàn-kok Sî-tāi ê Chîn-kok hoat-tián chhut-lâi ê tiâu-tāi, chûn-chāi tī chêng 221 nî kàu chêng 207 nî. Chîn-tiâu thun-bia̍t liáu Chiàn-kok Sî-tāi ê 6-ê kok-ka, kiàn-li̍p tiong-iong chi̍p-koân, khai kok kun-chú sī Chîn Sí Hông-tè, sī Tiong-kok thâu chi̍t ê chheng chò \"hông-tè\" ê thóng-tī-chiá. \n\nIâⁿ Cheng thóng-it Tiong-kok liáu-āu, chiông án-ne chū-chheng 'kang-ko-saⁿ hông, tek koân-gō͘ tè' , chhòng-kiàn hông-tè chun hō, chū hō ūi-chiah hông-tè. Chîn Sí Hông si̍t-hêng liáu chi̍t hē-lia̍t ka-kiông tiong-iong-chi̍p-koân, kióng-kò͘ kok-ka thóng-it ê chhò͘-si. hông-tè ióng-iú chì-ko bô siōng ê koân-le̍k, tāi-sîn chí-ū chham-chèng gī sū-koân, bô koat-chhek koân; tiong-ng si̍t-hêng sam-kong-káu-kheng chè, 'sam-kong' to̍h sī sêng-siòng, gū-sú tāi-hu, thài ùi, hun-pia̍t chiáng-koán hêng-chèng, kàm-chhat kap kun-sū; toē-hng si̍t-hêng kūn koān chè, hun thiⁿ-ē ūi saⁿ-cha̍p la̍k kūn, thóng-it tō͘-liōng hêng, hoè-pè, bûn-jī; choân-kok siu-kiàn ia̍h-tō, chîn tî-tâu, heng-kiàn chúi-lī, tio̍k lêng kî; chhiân it sìⁿ chhiong tûn-piⁿ-tē, tek-phoàⁿ choē-hoān sù-siú pian-hông, teh chiàn kok chu kok só͘ kiàn-tiông siâⁿ ê ki-chhó͘ téng siu-kiàn it lí-tiúⁿ siâⁿ, hông-chí hiong-lô͘ ji̍p-chhim. \n\nChîn Sí Hông sí liáu-āu, Tiō Ko kau-kiat hô͘-hāi kap Lí Su, gūi-chō î-chiàu li̍p Hô͘ Hāi choè hông-tè, iah-koh bēng-lēng chîn-sí-hông tióng-chú Hû So͘ khì-sí. Chîn Jī-sì Hô͘ Hāi hun-sông, bô Chîn Sí Hông tùi kok-tē hoán-khòng le̍k-liōng ê kà-gū le̍k. í-chêng ê kok-kok kùi-cho̍k hô pêng-bîn hun-hun hoán-loān, só͘-í Chîn-tiau chin kín to̍h bia̍t-bông liáu.","meta":{"title":"Chîn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1585,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1829}} -{"text":"**Hiong-káng Siōng-hái Hōe-hong Gîn-hâng Iú-hān Kong-si** (Hàn-jī: 香港上海滙豐銀行有限公司; Eng-gí: *The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited*; kán-chheng **HSBC**, **Hōe-hong**, **Hong Kong Bank**) sī Hōe-hong Khòng-kó͘ Iú-hān Kong-si ê choân-chu hū-sio̍k kong-si, sio̍k-î Hōe-hong Chi̍p-thoân ê chhòng-li̍p sêng-oân kap tī A-Thài tē-khu ê kî-lām gîn-hâng, mā sī Hiong-káng siāng-tōa ê chù-chheh gîn-hâng, í-ki̍p Káng-pè ê 3 keng hoat-chhau gîn-hâng chi-it (lēng-gōa nn̄g keng sī Che-táⁿ Gîn-hâng kap Tiong-kok Gîn-hâng). I-ê chóng-pō͘ tī Tiong-khoân Hông-hiō Tāi-tō Tiong 1 hō ê Hōe-hong Chóng-hâng Tāi-hā, hiān-chhú-sî Hiong-káng Siōng-hái Hōe-hong Gîn-hâng kap kok hū-sio̍kkong-si chú-iàu tī A-Thài tē-khu siat-li̍p iok 700 keng hun-hâng kap pān-sū-chhù.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 149773912\n* LCCN: n50072984\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2243 3198\n* GND: 1079720-8\n* SUDOC: 029173531\n* BNF: cb120854650 (data)\n* NLA: 35749807\n* NDL: 00634181\n* NKC: kn20050405021\n* BNE: XX218324\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Hiong-káng Siōng-hái Hōe-hong Gîn-hâng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[188,925,0.20324324324324325],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1163}} -{"text":"**Saisiyat-cho̍k** sī Tâi-oân ê 1-ê goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k, in khiā tī Sin-tek kap Biâu-le̍k 2-ê koān kap-kài ê soaⁿ-khu. Hām Tayal-cho̍k sǹg sī chhù-piⁿ. Ū thôan-soat kóng Saisiyat-cho̍k ê chó·-kong-á bat ùi Tōa-pà-chiam-soaⁿ (大霸尖山) kháu-soaⁿ chian-sóa khì Tōa-ô· (大湖) kap Biâu-le̍k hit hū-kīn, āu--lâi chiah sóa lâi lâm-pêng.\n\nSaisiyat í Giâ-kang-kè-soaⁿ (鵝公髻山) hām Hôaiⁿ-pêⁿ-pōe-soaⁿ (橫平背山) ê soaⁿ-lêng, hun-chò lâm pa̍k 2-kûn.\n\nPak-Saisiyat khiā tī Sin-tek Ngó͘-hong-hiong (五峰鄉) Tōa-e̍h-siā (大隘社) ê Shipaii (十巴兒), Shigao (夏埔) kap Pilai (碑萊).\n\nLâm-Saisiyat khiā tī Biâu-le̍k-kōan Lâm-chng-hiong (南庄鄉) Tang-hô-chhun (東河村) ê Walu (瓦羅), Kalawan (卡拉灣), Hông-lâi-chhun (蓬萊村) ê Pakasan (巴卡散), Amisi (阿米希), Thài-an-hiong (泰安鄉) Gím-chúi-chhun (錦水村) ê Pakali (巴卡利), Malin (馬陵), Invawan (坑頭), kap Sai-thâm-hiong (獅潭鄉) ê Pah-siū-chhun (百壽村). Siōng-chhut-miâ ê Pas-taai (矮靈祭) ê tē-tiûⁿ Hiàng-thian-ô· (向天湖) tō-sī tī Tang-hô-chhun.\n\nHiān-chhú-sî Biâu-le̍k-kōan Lâm-chng-hiong ê cho̍k-lâng siōng-chē, tōa-hūn tī Tang-hô, Hông-lâi kap Lâm-kang (南江) chit 3-ê chhun, hū-kīn tòa Kheh-lâng. Koh-lâi chiah-sī Sin-tek-kōan ê Ngó·-hong-hiong, Sin-tek-kōan ê Tek-tang-tìn (竹東鎮) mā ū tòa Saisiyat-cho̍k ê lâng.\n\nSaisiyat-cho̍k siū-tio̍h Tayal-cho̍k chin-tōa ê éng-hióng, mā ū chhiah-o·-a-chhùi ê hong-sio̍k. In sī pē-hē-siā-hōe, siōng chhut-miâ ê tō sī **pas-taai** ê chè-lé.\n\nKàu 2003-nî ê thóng-kè chu-liāu ûi-chí, Saisiyat-cho̍k ū chha-put-to 5,000-gōa lâng.\n\nCho̍k-kûn siāu-kài\n------------------\n\nSaisiyat-cho̍k khiā tī Tayal-cho̍k kap Hak-ngìn ( Hak-kâ-ngìn, Kheh-lâng ) tiong-kan, ūi-tio̍h beh \nseng-o̍ah, kap chit-2-ê tōa-cho̍k-kûn saⁿ-lo̍h-láu, Saisiyat-cho̍k-lâng tōa-hūn ē-hiáu kóng Tayal-gí kap Hak-fa ( Kheh-ōe ), sīm-chì ēng chit-2-chióng gí-giân chò pō·-pêng teh kóng ê ōe. Mā in-ūi án-ne in ka-tī ê bó-gí mā lâi siū-tio̍h éng-hióng.\n\nBīn-tùi gōa-lâi kiông-sè ê bûn-hòa, téng-chúi ê cho̍k-lâng tùi thôan-thóng ê chè-lé ke chin pó-sioh, kā chiâⁿ-chē gōa-lâi le̍k-liōng phah-chhut-láng-gōa, hō· Saisiyat-cho̍k ê chè-lé ē-tàng chiâu-chn̂g lâu--lo̍h-lâi. Saisiyat-cho̍k mā-sī Tâi-oân ê gôan-chū-bîn-cho̍k lāi-té, chió-sò· thang kā chè-lé gôan-té ê khóan-sek pó-lâu--lo̍h-lâi ê cho̍k-kûn.\n\nChi̍t-ē kóng-tio̍h Saisiyat-cho̍k, chin-chē lâng tō ē siūⁿ-tio̍h sîn-pì, oh-tit liáu-kái ê Pas-taai chè-lé. Pas-taai chè-koa chin pháiⁿ o̍h, kan-taⁿ chit-má Hàn-sèⁿ sèⁿ Chu (朱) ê cho̍k-lâng ē-hiáu kui-thò ê chè-koa, só·-í ta̍k-pái Pas-taai lóng sī hō· Hàn-sèⁿ sèⁿ Chu ê tiúⁿ-ló chò chú-chè.\n\n### Jī-sèⁿ\n\nSaisiyat-cho̍k ê jī-sèⁿ chin te̍k-sû, in sī the̍h tōng-bu̍t, si̍t-bu̍t hām chū-jiân hiān-siōng lâi chò sī-cho̍k ê tô·-têng (*totem*), āu--lâi Kok-bîn-tóng chèng-hú ngē kā in kái Hàn-sèⁿ, in mā kā chit-ê koan-liām ēng tī Hàn-sèⁿ. Pí-lūn-kóng: Hàn-sèⁿ sèⁿ \"Hong\" (風) ê cho̍k-lâng, ū thôan-soat in ê chó·-kong-á sī hong ê hō·-sû. Nā Hàn-sèⁿ sèⁿ \"Ji̍t\" (日)--ê, in sī sîn-ōe thôan-soat lāi-té, ēng chìⁿ siā ji̍t-thâu ê eng-hiông ê kiáⁿ-sun. Hàn-sèⁿ sèⁿ \"Kiong\" (芎) ê lâng, sī khah-chá tòa tī khu-ná-hoe chhiū-nâ-á lāi-té ê lâng. ( Khu-ná-hoe mā kiò-chò kiú-kiong. )\nHiān-chhú-sî Saisiyat-cho̍k lóng-chóng ū 15-ê jī-sèⁿ, hun-chò 5-ê **liân-cho̍k**, liân-cho̍k lāi-té sī bē-sái saⁿ-kè-chhōa--ê. Chhin-chhiūⁿ Tiō (趙), Tāu (豆), Si (絲) kap Sai (獅) 4-sèⁿ tō sio̍k-tī kāng 1-ê liân-cho̍k. Bē-sái saⁿ-kè-chhōa. Chò Pas-taai ê sî-chūn, mā ē-tàng khòaⁿ ē chhut--lâi, Saisiyat-cho̍k-lâng tùi ka-cho̍k sêng-ôan chin tùi-tiōng.\n### Chia̍h-mi̍h\n\nSaisiyat-cho̍k chú-iàu chia̍h bí, lēng-gōa chia̍h tai-á-bí, han-chî, hoan-be̍h, soaⁿ-ō·-á, soaⁿ-kó·-lēng ( soaⁿ--ni̍h ê chhài-tāu ) kap chhiah-tāu-á chò hù-si̍t. In in-ūi khiā tī iá-chhài chhut-put-chīn ê soaⁿ--ni̍h, thôan-thóng liāu-lí lāi-té, ū chiâⁿ-chē iá-chhài, pí-lūn soaⁿ-tâng-o kap soaⁿ-ti-bah tō-sī in te̍k-sû ê chhài-sek.\n\nThôan-thóng bûn-hòa\n-------------------\n\n### Chhiah-o·-a-chhùi\n\nSaisiyat-cho̍k kap Tayal-cho̍k kāng-khóan mā ū chhiah-o·-a-chhùi ê hong-sio̍k. Cha-po·-gín-á nā tńg-tōa-lâng, tō tī thâu-hia̍h kap ē-hâi chhiah 1-choā hoe-jī. Cha-bó-gín-á kan-taⁿ chhiah tī thâu-hia̍h, bô-chhin-chhiūⁿ Tayal-cho̍k sī kā khoah-bīn v-jī-hêng ê hoe-jī chhiah tī 2-pêng chhùi-phé.\nCha-po·-lâng nā ū thâi kòe 2-ê lâng-thâu--ê, tō ē koh tī heng-khám tò-pêng leng ē-kha ê pín-á-kut chhiah 1-chōa hoe-jī, thâi kòe 2-ê lâng-thâu--ê, chiah koh tī chiàⁿ-pêng leng ē-kha pín-á-kut chhiah lēng-gōa 1-chōa, chiàu chit-ê gôan-chek koh ka.\n### Sī-cho̍k ê thúi-thâu lêng-long-á kap keng-kah kî-á\n\nSaisiyat-cho̍k ū 2-hāng mi̍h-kiāⁿ tāi-pái in ê sī-cho̍k: **thúi-thâu lêng-lóng-á** kap **keng-kah kî-á**.\nThúi-thâu lêng-long-á sī Saisiyat-cho̍k chiah ū ê ga̍k-khì. Sī ēng tek-kóng kap ì-jîn ê kóe-chí chò--ê. Chò Pas-taai ê sî-chūn, ta̍k-ê sī-cho̍k ē chhe 1-ê lâng phāiⁿ thúi-thâu lêng-long-á se̍h chè-tiûⁿ thiàu-bú.\nChit-má ū chi̍t-kóa thúi-thâu lêng-long-á í-keng ēng tâng-kóng tāi-thè tek-kóng.\nKeng-kah kî-á mā-sī tāi-piáu ta̍k-ê sī-cho̍k, lâm-Saisiyat-cho̍k kap pak-Saisiyat-cho̍k ê kî-á khóan-sek bô-kâng. Sù-siông kî-á sī hō· cha-po·-lâng lâi kng lâi giâ, ná se̍h chè-tiûⁿ kiâⁿ. Keng-kah kî-á téng-bīn ū siá ka-cho̍k ê jī-sèⁿ.\n### Siā-hōe kap kî-thaⁿ hong-bīn\n\nSaisiyat-cho̍k ê siā-hōe sī pē-hē-siā-hōe ê sī-cho̍k cho·-chit, ta̍k-ê sī-cho̍k lóng ū in ka-tī ê tô·-têng kap siōng-teng-bu̍t. In cho̍k ū khih-khí (缺齒) ê hong-sio̍k, sī ióng-kám kap tōa-bú-lang-chèng ê ì-sù.\nSeng-sán ê hong-bīn í-keng ùi iû-choh (游作) piàn-chò kò·-tēng tē-tiûⁿ choh-chhân kap nâ-gia̍p (林業) ê khóan-sek.\n2-tang 1-pái ê Pas-taai sī siōng-chú-iàu ê chè-lé, sī cho̍k lāi-té ê tōa-tāi-chì.\n\n \n\nSaisiyat-cho̍k tùi chè-lé ê khang-khòe hun kah chiâⁿ chhin-chhó. Ta̍k-khóan chè-lé ū bô-kāng sèⁿ ê tiúⁿ-ló lâi chú-chhî. Chiah-ê kui-tēng, sī ùi cho̍k--ni̍h ê sîn-ōe kap le̍k-sú keng-giām lâi--ê.\n\nChú-iàu ê chè-lé\n----------------\n\n### Pitaza\n\nTī sì-go̍eh ê sì-chūn chò, chú-chè tī bó·-1-kang pòaⁿ-me hoan-tiám liáu-āu, ka-tī tī chìn-chêng kéng hó ê 1-tè tē chhah 1-ki hm̂-chháu, ba̍k-chiu kheh-kheh, kā tai-á-bí chí iā lo̍h chhân-tē, chè-lé tō chò soah. Chè-lé ê hē-hāng sī beh kiû hó-nî-tang, hiān-chhú-sî kan-taⁿ Hiàng-thian-ô· iáu ū chit-ê chè-lé.\n### Pas-vake\n\nChe sī chè-pài chó·-lêng ê lé. Chò chè-lé ê hit-kang, ka-cho̍k ê tiúⁿ-ló ē ùi chó·-kong-á ê lang-á lāi-té the̍h 1-ê chiú-au-á, thîn pe̍h-tê, ēng kí-cháiⁿ ù-chúi, khì bak chāi-tiûⁿ ta̍k-ê ka-cho̍k ê lâng ê chhùi-tûn. Ū chiap-siū chit-ê lé ê lâng chiah-sī ka-cho̍k lāi-té ê lâng, só·-í tú chhōa-ji̍p-mn̂g ê sim-pū kap tú chhut-sì ê âng-eⁿ-á lóng tio̍h tńg-lâi chham-ka. Nā bô-kāng sèⁿ, bô-kāng-cho̍k--ê sī bē-sái chaī-tiûⁿ--ê. In-ūi án-ne, Pas-vake mā ū ka-cho̍k ê jīn-tēng ê lō·-iōng, thàu-kòe chè-lé sin ê sêng-ôan tō thang ka-ji̍p ka-cho̍k.\nChè-lé ê sî-kan bô-it-tēng, ē ū 2-ê tiúⁿ-ló chú-chhî, kā chhah ti-bah, liâm-ko-á ê seng-lé chah khì chhù āu ê khang-tē kiâⁿ chè. Seng-lé hun-chò 2-hūn, ǹg tang-pêng--ê sī hō· hó ê lêng, nā ǹg sai--ê sī hō· chhiⁿ-chhioh-sí ê lêng.\n### Pas-taai\n\nChiáⁿ chham-khó Pas-taai ê soat-bêng.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hêng-chèng-īⁿ ū sêng-jīm | Amis-cho̍k (Pangcah)   Tayal-cho̍k   Bunun-cho̍k   Kanakanavu-cho̍k   Kavalan-cho̍k   Paiwan-cho̍k   Puyuma-cho̍k   Rukai-cho̍k   Saaroa-cho̍k   Sakizaya-cho̍k   Saisiyat-cho̍k   Seediq-cho̍k   Tao-cho̍k   Thao-cho̍k   Truku-cho̍k   Tsou-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Tē-hng ū sêng-jīm | Makatao-cho̍k (Pîn-tong-koān)   Siraya-cho̍k (Tâi-lâm-chhī)   Taivuan-cho̍k (Hoa-liân-koān Hù-lí-hiong) |\n| |\n| Koaⁿ-hong bô sêng-jīm | Babuza-cho̍k   Basay-cho̍k   Hoanya-cho̍k   Kaxabu-cho̍k   Ketagalan-cho̍k   Kulon-cho̍k   Luilang-cho̍k   Papora-cho̍k   Pazeh-cho̍k   Qauqaut-cho̍k   Taokas-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ hun-lūi | Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k   Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k   Formosa-lâng |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Saisiyat-cho̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[658,7549,0.0871638627632799],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8936}} -{"text":"**Khu Biāu-chin** (邱妙津) (1969 nî-1995 nî), Tâi-ôan Chiong-hòa-kōan lâng. Chhut-miâ ê cha-bó͘ tông-sèng-loân chhok-ka. I ê tù-chok éng-hióng Tâi-ôan ê tông-sèng-loân bûn-ha̍k chin-chhim. Khu Biāu-chin sī Pak-it-lú, Tâi-ôan Tāi-ha̍k sim-lí-hē pit-gia̍p. I bat tī Tiuⁿ lāu-su sim-lí hú-tō tiong-sim chò hú-tō-gôan, liáu-āu tī *Sin-sin-bûn* cha̍p-chì chò-kè kì-chiá. 1994 nî chhut-kok khì tha̍k Hoat-kok Paris Tē 8 Tāi-ha̍k ê tē-jī kai-tōan sim-lí-ha̍k-hē ê lîm-chhêng-cho·. Jiân-āu bat chóan ji̍p-khì lú-sèng-chú-gī gián-kiù-só͘.\n\nKhu Biāu-chin ê sí\n------------------\n\nKhu Biāu-chin sī chū-sat sí--ê. Koan-hē i ê chū-sat ū chin-chē chióng ê kóng-hoat. I kòe-sin hit-nî khak-tēng sī 1995 nî, m̄-koh ji̍t-kî bô khak-tēng, it-poaⁿ kóng sī tī 6 go̍eh 30 ji̍t. Chū-sat ê hong-hoat, tōa-pō͘-hūn ê chu-liāu kóng i sī iōng chúi-kó-to chhì heng-khám-á sí-bông, m̄-sī chia̍h-io̍h iā-sī thiàu-lâu.\n\nChok-phín nî-pió\n----------------\n\n* *Ko̍k-hî chhiú-kì* (鱷魚手記), Sî-pò Chhut-pán-siā. 1991 nî (ISBN 9571323268 )\n* *Kúi ê kông-hoan* (鬼的狂歡), Liân-ha̍p-bûn-ha̍k chhut-pán-siā. 1991 nî 3 go̍eh 1 (ISBN 9575221451)\n* *Che̍k-bo̍k ê kûn-chiòng* (寂寞的群眾), Liân-ha̍p-bûn-ha̍k chhut-pán-siā. 1995 nî 9 go̍eh 1 (ISBN 9575221222)\n* *Montmartre ûi-su* (蒙馬特遺書), Liân-ha̍p-bûn-ha̍k chhut-pán-siā. 1996 nî 5 go̍eh 1 (ISBN 9575221400)\n\nTio̍h chióng kì-lo̍k\n--------------------\n\n* Tē 1 kài Tiong-iong Ji̍t-pò té-phiⁿ sió-soat thâu-chióng.\n* Tē 4 kài Liân-ha̍p-bûn-ha̍k sin-jîn-chióng tiong-phiⁿ sió-soat thui-chiàn-chióng.\n* 1995 nî, *Ko̍k-hî Chhiú-kì* tio̍h Sî-pò-bûn-ha̍k thui-chiàn-chióng.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n*Chhiáⁿ pó͘ siá*","meta":{"title":"Khu Biāu-chin","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[571,1502,0.3801597869507324],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1821}} -{"text":"**Hun-koân** sù-siông sī kā chèng-hú hun-thiah chò 3 ê pō͘-mn̂g ê ì-sù.\n\nChit 3 ê pō͘-mn̂g sī:\n\n* Li̍p-hoat - chè-tēng hoat-lu̍t ê pō͘-mn̂g\n* Hêng-chèng - chip-hêng hoat-lu̍t, chiàu hoat-lu̍t koán-lí kok-ka ê pō͘-mn̂g kap\n* Su-hoat - phoàⁿ-toàn hoat-lu̍t sī m̄-sī hông î-hoán kap koat-tēng beh án-choáⁿ chhú-lí ê hoat-īⁿ téng-téng.\n\nHun-koân ē-tàng pó-chiong kok-ka--ni̍h ê jîn-bîn ê koân-lī, chhin-chhiūⁿ hêng-chèng pō͘-mn̂g tō kan-taⁿ thang chip-hêng hoat-lu̍t, bē-sái koh kāng-sî chè-tēng hoat-lu̍t lâi hùn-toā pún-sin ê koân, koh su-hoat ê to̍k-li̍p, mā ē-ēng-tit khak-tēng hoān-choē ê lâng siū-tio̍h chhù-hoa̍t, án-ne chèng-hú (pau-koat li̍p-hoat ki-koan) lāi-té ê lâng tō bē tāi-tāi-tián-tián m̄ chiàu hoat-lu̍t lâi kiâⁿ.\n\nHun-koân mā kóng-chò sī khe-cha kap pîⁿ-pāng ê hē-thóng (*a system of checks and balances*), in-ūi nā 3 ê pō͘-mn̂g ē-tàng hō͘-siong khe-cha, nā ū jīm-hô 1 ê ê koân giâ--khí-lâi ê sī, pa̍t-ê koân tō ū hō͘ chèng-hú ê koân pîⁿ-pāng ê lō͘-iōng tī leh.\n\nTī Tiong-hoa Bîn-kok ê hiàn-hoat lāi-tè, m̄-nā ū thâu-chêng chit 3 ê pō͘-mn̂g ê hun-koân, koh lēng-goā siat kàm-chhat kap khó-chhì 2 ê pō͘-mn̂g. Lēng-goā kí Bí-kok lâi kóng, sui-jiân sī hun-chò 3 ê pō͘-mn̂g hun kah chin bêng, m̄-koh hù chóng-thóng ū tam-jim̄ Chham-gī-īⁿ ê thâu-lâng (i pêng-siông-sî bô leh chhap gī-sū, kan-tann tâu-phiò pêⁿ-chhiú ê sî, chiah ē tâu 1 phiò hun su-iânⁿ). Koh nā chhú Eng-kok chò lē, chèng-hú ê 3 ê pō͘-mn̂g pēng bô bêng-bêng kā thiah-hun, koân-le̍k ê khe-cha kap pîⁿ-pāng sī khò le̍k-sú kap koàn-lē (thàn chêng-lâi kú-tn̂g só͘ lâi kiâⁿ ê lē só͘ sán-seng ê kui-chek). Eng-kok lú-ông (iah kok-ông) kāng-sî-chūn sī kok-ka ê thâu-lâng (hêng-chèng koân), m̄-koh mā sī kok-hoē (li̍p-hoat pō͘-mn̂g) kap su-hoat pō͘-mn̂g ê thâu (*the Fountain of Justice*). Chóng--sī lú-ông (iah kok-ông) àn koàn-lē tû-khì lāi-koh ê tāi-sêng iau-kiû í-goā, pēng bē khì chhap-sū, mā m̄-bat kū-choa̍t kok-hoē chè-tēng ê hoat-lu̍t, iā-chī-sī i ê koân sui-bóng chin toā, m̄-koh beh kiâⁿ--chhut-lāi sī siū-tio̍h chè-hān--ê, mā kan-taⁿ thang tī te̍k-sû ê sî-kan chiah ē-sái kiâⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Hun-koân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[236,2036,0.11591355599214145],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2379}} -{"text":"Lê-chhân\n**Lê-chhân** / **thà-hn̂g** sī chi̍t-chióng choh-sit-lâng ê sit-thâu, sī ēng lôe(lê) poâⁿ-péng, lāng-sang chhân-hn̂g ê thô͘ chún-pī thang-hó chèng-choh, ah-sī tī chhân(hn̂g)-thô͘ phah-lân(ēng lôe liô-chhut chi̍t-tiâu beh-ti̍h--ê chhim-kau kah liô-chhut chai-chéng lông-chok-bu̍t ūi-tì ê ki-chún-soāⁿ) ê khang-khoè.\n\nHiān-chú-sî lê-chhân thà-hn̂g nā-sī ū ki-khì-hoà, chhun ēng thih-gû-á, téng-koân só͘-beh-ài--ê khang-khoè thih-gû-á lóng chò-ē-lâi. Chāi chá-kî, lôe só͘ chhèng(lôe, lê, thà)--chhut-ê thô͘-ha̍t(kiat-kui-oân ê thô͘-tè) sī ài chi̍t-tīn lâng gia̍h tî(tû)-thâu toè lôe-āu iōng tî-thâu-kheng(tî-thâu-bah kah tî-thâu-pìⁿ liân-chiap hit-ūi) chàu-thâu-á chi̍t-tè chi̍t-tè khán(kòng) hō͘-i iù. Chit-má ū thih-gû-á, chit-chióng phah-chhùi thô͘-ha̍t ê chong-tì mā-oē-ū kah-tī thih-gû-á téng-thâu-nih. Thih-gû-á sái kiâⁿ liáu-āu oē-tàng tông-sî it-kí-sò͘-tit lâi phah-soàⁿ thô͘-ha̍t, oē-tàng kiám-khin chiok-choē khang-khoè kah kiám-chió lê-chhân thà-hn̂g sî-chūn ê kha-siàu.","meta":{"title":"Lê-chhân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1001,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1125}} -{"text":"\n\n***Hiong-káng Ki-pún Hoat*** (香港基本法), choân-miâ ***Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu Ki-pún Hoat*** (中華人民共和國香港特別行政區基本法), sī Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Choân-kok Jîn-bîn Tāi-piáu Tāi-hōe chè-tēng ê chi̍t phō choân-kok-sèng ê hoat-lu̍t, sī Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu ê hiàn-chè bûn-kiāⁿ, ùi 1997 nî 7 goe̍h chhe 1 khai-sí, chhú-tāi si̍t-bîn-tē sî-kî ê *Eng-hông Chè-khò* kap *Hông-sek Hùn-lēng* ê tē-ūi, khak-jīm liáu Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu Chèng-hú ê cho͘-sêng pān-hoat, koân-le̍k kap chek-jīm, hām chham Tiong-kok Tiong-iong Chèng-hú ê koan-hē téng-téng.\n\n1984 nî 12 goe̍h 19, Tiong-Eng keng-kòe 2 tang ê tâm-phoàⁿ liáu-āu chhiam-sú *Liân-ha̍p Seng-bêng*, kái-koat liáu Hiong-káng chú-koân kui-sio̍k ê būn-tê. Kin-kì *Seng-bêng* ê tē-saⁿ toāⁿ ê tē-12 tiâu, Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ài í *Ki-pún Hoat* khak-li̍p Hiong-káng sī te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu, pēng àn-chiàu it-kok lióng-chè ê hong-chiam, pó-chèng chú-koân î-kau chêng ê chu-pún-chú-gī chè-tō͘ î-chhî 50 tang m̄-piàn, Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k só͘ si-hêng ê siā-hōe-chú-gī chè-tō͘ bōe thoàⁿ kàu Hiong-káng, Hiong-káng Te̍k-khu ē î-chhî ko-tō͘ chū-tī. Kin-kì *Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hiàn-hoat* tē-31 tiâu kui-tēng, kok-ka tī pit-iàu sî ē-tàng siat-li̍p te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu, tī te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu lāi si̍t-hêng ê chè-tō͘ chiàu kū-thé chêng-hòng iû Choân-kok Jîn-bîn Tāi-piáu Tāi-hōe í hoat-lu̍t kui-tēng.","meta":{"title":"Hiong-káng Ki-pún Hoat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1447,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1658}} -{"text":"**Chi-ná** (Hàn-jī: 支那) sī kó͘-chá Ìn-tō͘ tùi Tiong-kok--ê chheng-ho (Hoân-gí: चीन *cīna*), kap Eng-gí *China*, La-teng-gí Sīnae khó-lêng kâng-goân. Khó-lêng lâi tùi Siōng-kó͘ Hàn-gí--ê Chîn (秦, bô͘-gí (模擬) hoat-im: *\\*zin*). Tī Sûi-tiâu kap Tông-tiâu--ê hu̍t-keng (佛經) chiū chhut-hiān.\n\nĀu-lâi tī kīn-tāi Ji̍t-pún, tio̍h ū-lâng kā Chi-ná (Hiragana: シナ *Sina*) hō Hàn-jîn--ê thoân-thóng só͘ toà--ê só͘-chāi iah-sī kok-ka, bûn-hoà, he̍k-chiá sī Tiong-kok. Sīm-chí liân Tiong-kok iā ū sú-iōng. Kin-kù Niû Khé-chhiau (梁啟超) *Ín-beng-si̍t Si-oā* (飲冰室詩話) Tē 6 cha̍t kóng, Khong Iú-ûi (康有為)--ê jī sió-chiá Khong Tông-phek (康同璧) khì Ìn-tō āu, siá--ê sī tio̍h ū: \"Jio̍k lūn lú-sū se-iû chiá, ngó͘ sī 'Chi-ná' tē-it jîn.\" (若論女士西遊者，我是「支那」第一人。)\n\n1914 nî Ji̍t-pún--ê *Ku̍t-khe (滑稽) Sî-kio̍k Sè-kài Tē-tô͘* tiong, chhut-hiān \"Chi-ná\"\nKàu Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn soah chêng, Ji̍t-pún chia̍p-chia̍p ēng Chi-ná kiò Tiong-kok (Chheng-kok iah-sī Tiong-hoa Bîn-kok), chiàn-cheng--ê sî mā ū kháu-hō \"Pō-Chi eng-têng [ja]\", ì-sù sī têng-hoat (懲罰) pō-ge̍k (暴虐)--ê Tiong-kok. Taⁿ Hoâ-lâm, Hoâ-pak kiò-chò \"Lâm-chi\" (南支), \"Pak-chi\".\n\n1946 nî, in-ūi chit-ê sû hō͘ Tiong-kok hong-bīn lia̍h-chò bú-bān--ê sû, Ji̍t-pún hoat-chhut kong-bûn *Pī-bián Chi-ná--ê Ho-chheng--ê Kiāⁿ* (支那の呼稱を避けることに關する件), thêng-chí chèng-sek bûn-su--ê sú-iōng. Chit-má tû-liáu Lâm Tiong-kok Hái hō-chò \"Lâm Chi-ná Hái\" (南シナ海 *Minani Sina Kai*, Chi-ná ēng Hiragana siá), Ìn-tō Chi-ná (インドシナ *Indosina*, China mā ēng Hiragana siá) téng sû-gí goā, chèng-sek só͘-chāi bô sú-iōng Chi-ná chit-ê sû.","meta":{"title":"Chi-ná","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1572,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1808}} -{"text":"**Khu Ka-hông** (邱家洪, 1933-),Tâi-oân Chiong-hoà-koān Siā-thâu lâng, chó͘-che̍k (祖籍) Kńg-tang Jiâu-pêng-koān (饒平縣). Tâi-oân sió-soat-ka, bat chò Tâi-tiong-chhī Chèng-hú Siā-hoē-kio̍k-tiúⁿ, Tâi-tiong-chhī Chèng-hú chú-jīm pì-su.\n\nSeng-pêng\n---------\n\nKu Ka-hông pit-gia̍p tī Siā-thâu Kok-sió, Séng-li̍p Chiong-hoà Kang-gia̍p Chit-gia̍p Pó͘-si̍p Ha̍k-hāu (taⁿ sio̍k Chiong-su Hù-kang) āu, tī Tâi-thih tam-jīm kī-su̍t-kang. Āu-lâi kàu Tang-hng Ji̍t-pò jīm te̍k-iok kì-chiá, koh tī hia huat-piáu tn̂g-phiⁿ sió-suat *Lo̍k-eng (落英)*.\n\nSiū teng-chi̍p chham-ú 823 Phàu-chiàn āu, Khu Ka-hông tit in bó͘--ê chhin-chiâⁿ Siā Tang-bín (謝東閔) pang-chān, tī Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-Tóng Bîn-Chiòng Ho̍k-bū Siā jīm tóng-chit (黨職). In ū koè \"It-téng Te̍k-khó (乙等特考) Siā-hoē Kang-chok Jîn-oân Khó-chhì\" téng kong-bū-oân chu-keh khó-chì, 1973 nî hō͘ Tâi-oân-séng Tóng-pō͘ (黨部) chú-úi kéng kàu séng tóng-pō͘, hū-chek kàm-to̍k kì-lio̍k Tâi-oân-séng Gī-hoē gī-oân giân-hêng, koh tùi séng tóng-pō͘ thê-chhut su-bīn pò-kò, jīm \"Tóng-chèng Kang-chok Sió-choo\" Hū-chek-jîn. M̄-koh bô ha̍h hèng-chhù, siū Tâi-tiong-chhī Chhī-tiúⁿ Cheng Bûn-pho (曾文坡) iau-chhiáⁿ, jīm Tâi-tiong-chhī Siā-hoē Kio̍k-tiúⁿ, liáu-āu tiàu kah Tâi-oân-séng Chèng-hú Siā-hoē-chhù. 1985 nî khí, sian-āu jīm Tâi-tiong Chhī-tiúⁿ Tiuⁿ Chú-goân (張子源), Lîm Pek-iông (林柏榕)--ê chhī-chèng-hú chú-jīm pì-su, tī 1993 nî thoè-hiu.\n\n2006 nî chhut-pán Tāi-hô Sió-soat (大河小說) *Tâi-oân Tāi Hong-hûn* (-大風雲), siá Hông-bîn-hoà Ūn-tōng (皇民化-) kàu 2000 nî chèng-tóng lûn-thè--ê Tâi-oân-sú, hoán-èng Tâi-oân bún-thó ì-sek, koh tī keh-tńg-nî iōng che the̍h-tio̍h tè 13 kài Bû Éng-ho̍k (巫永福) Bûn-ha̍k-chióng, Tiong Tâi-oân Bûn-ha̍k Sêng-chiū Chióng.\n\nTù-chok\n-------\n\n*Só͘-ū tù-chok lóng iōng Hoâ-gí*\n\n### Tn̂g-phiⁿ Sió-soat\n\n* Lo̍k-eng (落英), 1956 nî 10 goe̍h\n* Chhī-tiúⁿ--ê Thian-tông (市長的天堂), 1996 nî 7 goe̍h\n* Toā Sím-phuàⁿ: Kok-ông Lâng-bé--ê Boán-koa (大審判：國王人馬的輓歌), 1998 nî 6 goe̍h\n* Tâi-oân Tāi Hong-hûn (台灣大風雲), 2006 nî 7 goe̍h (Tāi-hô Sió-soat)\n\n### Hoê-ek-lio̍k (回憶錄) kap thoân-kì\n\n* Àm-pâng Chèng-tī: Lîm Pek-iông Bō͘-liâu-tiúⁿ Chèng-toâⁿ Huê-ek-lio̍k (暗房政治：林柏榕幕僚長政壇回憶錄), 1995 nî 4 goe̍h\n* Chèng-tī Hô-chêng Tām-po̍k Sim: Siā Tang-bín Thoān (政治豪情淡泊心：謝東閔傳), 1999 nî 10 goe̍h\n* Táⁿ-chō Liōng-lē Jîn-seng: Khu Ka-hông Hoê-ek-lio̍k (打造亮麗人生：邱家洪回憶錄), 2007 nî\n\n### Sàn-bûn (散文)\n\n* Tiong-kok Bāng Chhun-hong: Khu Ka-hông Iōng-sim Khoàⁿ Tiong-kok (中國望春風：邱家洪用心看中國), 2000 nî\n* Cháu-koè Chhái-hông Sè-kài (走過彩虹世界), 2000 nî\n* Chhiòng-hêng Koaⁿ-tiûⁿ: Chò chi̍t-ê ì-khì hong-hoat--ê kong-bū-oân (縱橫官場：做一個意氣風發的公務員), 2000 nî 4 goe̍h\n\nChham-khó Bûn-hiān\n------------------\n\n* Khó Hēng-lin̂g (許杏齡) (2010-11). \"殖民宿命與島嶼重生:邱家洪《台灣大風雲》之研究\" (PDF). 2014-12-01 khòaⁿ--ê. (Koaⁿ-oē)\n\n1. ↑ Hok Soat-lêng (郝雪卿) (2007-12-01). \"台灣大風雲研討會 邱家洪獲中台灣文學獎\". Tiong-iong-siā (choàn kàu Toā-kì-goân (大紀元) Tiān-chú-pò. 2014-12-01 khòaⁿ--ê. (Koaⁿ-oē)","meta":{"title":"Khu Ka-hông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1087,2898,0.3750862663906142],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3343}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?***Siáu-kaú-pēⁿ*** |\n| --- |\n| **Pēⁿ-to̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Kûn: | Group V ((-)ssRNA) |\n| Ba̍k: | *Mononegavirales* |\n| Kho: | *Rhabdoviridae* |\n| Sio̍k: | *Lyssavirus* |\n| Chéng: | ***Rabies virus*** |\n\n |\n\n**Siáu-káu-pēⁿ** ia̍h **kông-khián-pēⁿ** (狂犬病), 1-chióng thoân-jiám-pēⁿ, put-sî tī-leh lâng kah tōng-bu̍t (te̍k-pia̍t sī cheng-seⁿ-á) chi-kan sio kòe sio òe.\n\nJîn-lūi sī án-chóaⁿ khì òe--tio̍h--ê\n------------------------------------\n\nJîn-lūi ē tì-tio̍h Siáu-káu-pēⁿ, chha-put-to lóng-sī khì hō· hià-ê tāi-seng tio̍h-pēⁿ ê cheng-seⁿ-á kā-tio̍h, a̍h-sī jiàu-siong ín-khí--ê, ah ū-sī sīm-chì chí-sī hō· cheng-seⁿ-á chī-tio̍h gôan-té siū-siong ê khang-chhùi, mā soah-lâi òe-tio̍h pēⁿ-to̍k. Lēng-gōa, Siáu-káu-pēⁿ ū-tang-sî-á mā ē-tàng thong-kòe khong-khì ti̍t-chiap thôan-pò·.\n\nGûi-hāi ê thêng-tō·\n-------------------\n\nPut-hēng tì-tio̍h siáu-káu-pīⁿ liáu-āu, pīⁿ-to̍k chú-iàu ē chhim-hōan tiong-su sîn-keng hē-thóng. Siáu-káu-pīⁿ siōng ki-pún ê chèng-chn̄g to̍h-sī pēⁿ-lâng khòaⁿ-tio̍h chúi ē kiaⁿ, che tī i-ha̍k siōng hō·-chòe \"**khióng-chúi-chèng**\"(恐水病). Siáu-káu-pēⁿ sī 1-khóan cha̍p-chiok hiông-hiám ê pēⁿ-chèng, sí-bông ê kài-lu̍t ē-tàng ta̍t-kàu cha̍p-siâⁿ. Tiāu-cha piáu-bêng, só·-ū ê cheng-seⁿ-á tang-tiong, káu-á siōng keng-siông kā siáu-káu-pēⁿ òe hō· lâng, koh sòa--lo̍h-lâi to̍h-sī niau-á.\n\nBeh cháiⁿ-iūⁿ ū-hông\n--------------------\n\nKì-jiân siáu-káu-pēⁿ ê sí-bông-lu̍t chiah-nī kôan, nā án-ne, sī beh chóaⁿ-iūⁿ lâi ū-hông--leh? Lán ē-tàng chhái-chhú 1-kóa-á chhò-si lâi tùi-hū--i. Pí-lūn-kóng : \n\n* chè-tēng siong-koan ê tiâu-bûn, giâm-keh kóan-chè chhī-káu, siau-bia̍t phòa-pēⁿ-káu kah liû-liōng-khián.\n* liōng-chá chù-siā ū-hông pēⁿ-to̍k ê e̍k-biâu. Bo̍k-chiân phó·-piàn chhái-iōng chù-siā choan-mn̂g ê e̍k-biâu kah khòng-pēⁿ-to̍k huih-chheng lâi ū-hông.\n\nSui-jiân kóng lán ài chek-ke̍k chhái-chhú hêng-tōng lâi ū-hông siáu-káu-pēⁿ thôan-jiám, m̄-koh nā-sī bān-put-hēng tio̍h-pēⁿ to̍h chhi-chhám-chē-kòa lo·h, in-ūi kàu-taⁿ i-ha̍k-kài tùi siáu-káu-pēⁿ ê tī-liâu ôan-á pēng-bô chin-hó ê pān-hoat.\n\nSiáⁿ-lâng su-iàu phah ū-hong-chiam\n----------------------------------\n\nIt-poaⁿ lâi-kóng, siù-i(兽医), tōng-bu̍t kóan-lí-ôan, la̍h-lâng (猎人), iá-gōa kang-chok-chiá kah 1-kóa-á khah ū khó-lêng chiap-chhiok siáu-káu-pīⁿ-to̍k ê i-bū jîn-ôan, lóng-chióng to̍h-ài phah ū-hong-chiam, chù-siā khòng-pēⁿ-to̍k ê e̍k-biâu.","meta":{"title":"Siáu-káu-pēⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[396,2233,0.17733990147783252],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2735}} -{"text":"Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Keng-chè-pō͘ kap Hêng-chèng-īⁿ Tāi-lio̍k Úi-oân-hōe ìn-chè ê Hái-kiap Lióng-gān Ho̍k-bū Bō͘-e̍k Hia̍p-gī soan-thoân chu-liāu\n**Hái-kiap Lióng-gān Ho̍k-bū Bō͘-e̍k Hia̍p-gī** (Hàn: 海峽兩岸服務貿易協議; pe̍h-ōe: **Hái-kiap Lióng-hoāⁿ Ho̍k-bū Bō͘-e̍k Hia̍p-gī**; kán-siá: **CSSTA**) sī Tiong-kok Tâi-oân lióng-hoāⁿ kin-kì Hái-kiap Lióng-gān Keng-chè Ha̍p-chok Kà-kò͘ Hia̍p-gī (ECFA) tē-4 tiâu só͘ chhiam-sú ê ho̍k-bū bō͘-e̍k hia̍p-tēng. 2011 nî 3 goe̍h, lióng-hoāⁿ ê keng-bō͘ gia̍p-bū chú-koán pō͘-bûn khai-sí chìn-hêng ho̍k-bū bō͘-e̍k chham-siông, pēng-chhiáⁿ ta̍t-sêng kiōng-sek. Lo̍h-bóe tī 2012 nî 8 goe̍h 9 hō kí-hêng ê lióng-gān lióng-hōe ko-chân hōe-tâm téng, siang-hong tông-ì tī ta̍t-sêng koan-î hia̍p-gī bûn-pún kap chhī-tiûⁿ khai-hòng hāng-bo̍k ê kiōng-sek liáu-āu lâi chèng-sek chhiam-sú. 2013 nî 6 goe̍h 21 hō, lióng-gān lióng-hōe tī Tiong-kok Siōng-hái-chhī kí-hêng ê tē-káu-chhù ko-chân hōe-tâm chhiam-sú chit-hāng hia̍p-gī; iā hiòng goā-pō͘ kong-pò͘ khai-hòng chheng-toaⁿ.\n\nTī Tâi-oân, in-ūi pō͘-hūn jîn-sū tam-iu chit-hāng hia̍p-gī ê si̍t-hêng ē tì-sú Tâi-oân put-koán tī keng-chè ia̍h-sī chèng-tī hong-bīn khì-hō͘ siong-tùi khoat-hoa̍t chū-iû ê Tiong-kok ê éng-hióng, koh ka-siōng Tâi-oân koaⁿ-hong teh thong-kòe chit-hāng hia̍p-gī ê sî-chūn, sím-lí thêng-sū siū-tio̍h chit-gî, tì-sú Thài-iông-hoe Ha̍k-ūn ê po̍k-hoat.","meta":{"title":"Hái-kiap Lióng-gān Ho̍k-bū Bō͘-e̍k Hia̍p-gī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1387,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1571}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Hái-bé |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Actinopterygii |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Syngnathiformes |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Syngnathidae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | ***Hippocampus***Cuvier (1816) |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng |\n| 35 ê chéng chó-iū (khoàⁿ loē-bûn) |\n\n**Hái-bé** sī 1 chióng te̍k-sû ê hái-hî, ha̍k-su̍t-kài kā i pun khì Syngnathidae kho, ***Hippocampus*** sio̍k, ē-kha iok-lio̍k pun 35 ê chéng. Thong sè-kài ê un-tāi, jia̍t-tāi to ū-tè-chhoē. It-poaⁿ jīn-ûi hái-bé sī chū-jiân-kài î-it 1 chióng cha-po͘ ū châi-tiāu koà-kūi ê tōng-bu̍t.\n\nKīn--lâi in-ūi thó-hái siūⁿ lī-hāi, choâⁿ-á ū sêng-chûn ê gûi-hiám. Te̍k-pia̍t sī Hàn-io̍h hèng kéng hái-bé chò châi-liāu, chhī-tiûⁿ 1 tang hoān-sè siau 2000 bān chiah ê gia̍h. \n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Seahorse*** |","meta":{"title":"Hái-bé","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[241,695,0.34676258992805753],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1034}} -{"text":"\n\n*\"Bê\" choán kah chia (迷). Nā kí chia̍h-mi̍h, chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ moâi (糜).*\n\n **Siáu-iú** sī kóng tùi bó·-1-ê tùi-siōng put-chí-á kah-ì, ū-sî-chūn sīm-chì bē-su khí-kông teh kah-ì ê lâng. Chit-ê tùi-siōng ū khó-lêng sī bó·-1-ê-lâng, bó·-1-ê thôan-thé, bó·-1-khóan gē-su̍t, bó·-1-khóan su-sióng, he̍k-chiá-sī 1-chióng sî-kiâⁿ ê chhu-sè téng-téng.\n\n\"Siáu\" tī Hō-ló lāi-té ê ì-sù chin-chē, siōng chia̍p thiaⁿ--tio̍h-ê sī kóng lâng sîn-keng bô chèng-siông, ū cheng-sîn-pēⁿ, lēng-gōa mā ū sahⁿ-sim beh ài ī-sèng ê ì-sù, pí-lūn-kóng \"siáu-kong-chú\", \"cha-bó· siáu ang\", m̄-koh tī siáu-iú chit-ê sû lāi-té ê \"siáu\", kap \"siáu kó·-phiò\" ê siáu kāng-khóan, sī teh kóng lâng tham-lôan, tîm-bê tī bó·-1-hāng tāi-chì, ia̍h-sī mi̍h-kiāⁿ lāi-té.\n\nEng-gí lāi-té ê tông-gī-sû *fan* mā-sī keng-kòe ì-sù piàn-hòa liáu-āu chiah ū--ê, *fan* sī *fanatic* kán-séng ê siá-hoat, tī chha-put-to 1525-nî ùi Latin-bûn khip-siu ji̍p-lâi Eng-gí ê sî, ì-sù sī kóng \"sîn-keng bô-chèng-siông ê lâng\". Nā gôan-té Latin ê hit-ê jī *fanaticus*, soah-sī kóng lâng hō· Siōng-tè khé-sī, bē-su khí-kông kāng-khóan.\n\nŪ ê siáu-iú ē cho·-chip siáu-iú-hōe, te̍k-pia̍t sī koa-chhiⁿ, ián-ôan, tiān-sī liân-sio̍k-kio̍k, bang-gah ê siáu-iú. In pān o̍ah-tāng, chò bāng-chām lâi liân-lo̍k, hoat-tián.","meta":{"title":"Siáu-iú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1263,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1462}} -{"text":"\n***Siàu-lú--ê Káng-oan*** (-港灣) iah-sī **Siàu-lú-káng** (Ji̍t-gí: 乙女の港, Hùn-lēng-sek: *Otome no Minato*) sī tī 1938 nî hoat-hêng--ê Ji̍t-pún tn̂g-phiⁿ liân-chài siàu-lú siáu-soat. Lo̍h Chhoan-toan Kong-sêng (川端康成)--ê miâ, si̍t-chè iû tē-chú Tiong-lí Hêng-chú (中里恒子) phah chhó-kó (草稿), Chhoan-toan siu-kái. Kóng kàu-hoē lú-chú ha̍k-hāu ha̍k-moē kah ha̍k-chí chi-kan, sio-siâng chí-moē--ê Esu (Ji̍t-gí \"S\", chí chí-moē \"sister\") koan-hē.\n\nChiong-hoê (章回)\n---------------\n\nSiàu-lû--ê Káng-oan chóng-kiōng ū 10 chiuⁿ:\n\n1. Kéng Hoe (花選び)\n2. Bo̍k-tiûⁿ kap Âng Chhù-téng (牧場と赤屋根)\n3. Bô Khui--ê Mn̂g (開かぬ門)\n4. Gîn-sek--ê Hāu-mn̂g (銀色の校門)\n5. Ko-goân (高原)\n6. Chhiu-hong (秋風)\n7. Sin-chhù (新しい家)\n8. Hû-hûn (浮雲)\n9. Âng si̍p-jī (赤十字)\n10. Chhut-phâng--ê Chhun-thiⁿ (船出の春)\n\nKak-sek\n-------\n\n* Tâi-hô-goân Sam-chhian-tsú (大河原三千子 (おおがわら　みちこ), Ôgawara Mitiko)\n\nTha̍k 1 (it) nî. Siu-tio̍h Iông-chú kap Khek-tsú 2 ê ha̍k-chí--ê phoe.\n* Pat-bo̍k Iông-chú (八木洋子 (やぎ　ようこ), Yagi Yôko)\n\nTha̍k 5 nî. Iú-téng-seng, gâu Hoat-gí.\n* Khek-tsú (克子 (かつこ), Katuko)\n\nTha̍k 4 nî. Ū chú-tōng--ê kok-sèng.\n* Keng-tsú (経子 (つねこ), Tuneko)\n\nKap Sam-chhian-tsú kâng-pan, mā sī i--ê iù-tī-hn̂g tông-o̍h.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Siàu-lú Siáu-soat\n* S (bûn-hoà)\n* Pek-ha̍p (lūi-hêng)","meta":{"title":"Siàu-lú ê Káng-oan","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[418,1140,0.36666666666666664],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1443}} -{"text":"**Chu Tiám-jîn** (朱點人; 1903 nî  – 1951 nî 1 goe̍h 20 ji̍t), tī Tâi-pak Báng-kah chhut-sì, pún-miâ **Chu Chio̍h-thâu** (朱石頭), āu-lâi kái-miâ **Chu Se̍k-hong** (朱石峰), pit-miâ **Tiám-jîn** (點人), **Biâu-bûn** (描文) kap **Bûn-biâu** (文苗), sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi chiâⁿ chhut-miâ ê chok-ka.\n\nChu Tiám-jîn tī 1918 nî ùi Láu-siông Kong-ha̍k-hāu pit-gia̍p, āu-lâi chìn-ji̍p Tâi-pak I-ha̍k Choan-bûn Ha̍k-hāu chò kò͘-oân. 1933 nî hām Ông Si-lông, Koeh Chhiu-seng téng lâng cho͘-chit Tâi-oân Bûn-gē Hia̍p-hōe, hoat-hêng khan-bu̍t Sian-hoat Pō͘-tūi, āu-lâi kái-miâ Tē-it Sòaⁿ koh hoat-hêng, tùi bîn-kan bûn-ha̍k chéng-lí chiâⁿ ū kiàn-sū.\n\nTē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn liáu-āu, Chu Tiám-jîn in-ūi put-boán Kok-bîn-tóng ê thóng-tī kap siū-tio̍h Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ ê chhì-kek, su-sióng chiām-chiām chó-kheng, chòe-āu soán-te̍k ka-ji̍p Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán Tóng, 1949 nî pī lia̍h, 1951 nî 1 goe̍h 20 pī chhèng-sat.","meta":{"title":"Chu Tiám-jîn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,867,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1014}} -{"text":"**Chìn-pō͘-chú-gī Sî-tāi** (Progressive Era), he̍k-chiá **Chìn-pō͘ Sî-tāi**, sī Bí-kok chi̍t tōaⁿ siā-hōe kap chèng-tī kái-kek sî-kî, sî-kan tùi 1890 nî-tāi kàu 1920 nî-tāi. Chìn-pō͘-chú-gī ūn-tōng chú-iàu ê chú-tiuⁿ sī siau-tû chèng-hú ê hú-pāi, si̍t-chè ê hêng-tông pau-koat kóaⁿ hú-pāi ê koan-oân lo̍h-tâi, kiàn-li̍p ti̍t-chiap ê bîn-chú. Lēng-gōa, in mā khai-sí tùi to̍k-chiàm ê sū-gia̍p chò chhú-lí, kiàn-li̍p khòng-trust (antitrust) ê hoat-lu̍t, thui-kiû kong-pêng kēng-cheng ê siong-gia̍p khoân-kéng.\n\nChin chōe chìn-pō͘-chú-gī-chiá chi-chhî Kìm-chiú-lēng (Prohibition) ê chè-tō͘, hi-bāng ē-tàng siau-bia̍t tùi tē-hng chúi-koán hoat-tián ê chèng-tī khôan-le̍k. Hit tong-sî, lú-sèng ê chham-chèng-khoân mā siū tio̍h chìn chi̍t pō͘ ê chi-chhî. Kâng sî-tāi, pau-koat kho-ha̍k, i-ha̍k, kang-têng téng hong-bīn, mā siū hiàn-tāi-hòa ê thui-sak, kî-tiong, koh hoat-tián chhut Taylor-chú-gī chit khoán kho-ha̍k koán-lí lí-sióng.\n\nKong-kiōng kàu-io̍k, kim-hiông, kau-thong, kàu-hōe téng-téng sū-bū, mā ū chìn-pō͘-chú-gī ūn-tōng-chiá ê chham-ú. Siā-hōe-kho-ha̍k ê gián-kiù mā siū \"kho-ha̍k-hòa\" ê chú-tiuⁿ héng-hióng.\n\nTāi-piáu chìn-pō͘-chú-gī ê chèng-tī thâu-lâng ū Theodore Roosevelt, Charles Evans Hughes kap William Jennings Bryan téng-téng.","meta":{"title":"Chìn-pō͘-chú-gī Sî-tāi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1264,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1433}} -{"text":"Bān-iú-ín-le̍k siông-sò͘ G, tī-leh nn̄g ê bu̍t-thé chi-kan ê éng-hióng.\n**Bān-iú-ín-le̍k siông-sò͘** (萬有引力常數), kì-chò ***G***, sī chi̍t ê pau-hâm tī ū chit-liōng ê bu̍t-thé chi-kan ê bān-iú-ín-le̍k ê kè-sǹg tiong ê si̍t-giām bu̍t-lí-ha̍k siông-sò͘. I chhut-hiān chāi Newton ê bān-iú-ín-le̍k tēng-lu̍t hām Einstein ê it-poaⁿ siong-tùi-sèng lí-lūn lāi. I iā ē-tàng hō-chò **tiōng-le̍k siông-sò͘** (重力常數) he̍k-chiá **Newton siông-sò͘**. Bô èng-kai kā *G* chham sió-siá ê *g* saⁿ-hūn, āu-piah ê sī kio̍k-pō͘ tiōng-le̍k-tiûⁿ, iû-kî sī tī tē-kiû ê piáu-bīn.\n\nKin-kì bān-iú-ín-le̍k tēng-lu̍t, nn̄g ê bu̍t-thé ê khip-ín-le̍k *F* hām nn̄g ê chit-liōng *m*1 kap *m*2 ê sêng-chek sêng chiàⁿ-pí, ah chham in-ê kī-lī *r* ê pêng-hong sêng hoán-pí:\n\n{\\displaystyle F=G{\\frac {m\\_{1}m\\_{2}}{r^{2}}}.}\nKî-tiong ê pí-lē siông-sò͘ *G* chiū sī bān-iú-ín-le̍k siông-sò͘.","meta":{"title":"Bān-iú-ín-le̍k siông-sò͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,858,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1002}} -{"text":"Hispaniola\n**Hispaniola** (Hoat-gú: Hispaniola; Se-pan-gâ-gú: La Española) sī Antilles Kûn-tó tē-2 tōa ê tó-sū, tī Cuba khah tang ê ūi-tì. I pak ū Tāi-se-iûⁿ, lâm ū Caribe-hái, tang ū Puerto Rico. Sai-pêng 3-hun-chi-1 sī Haiti-kok; tang-pêng 3-hun-chi-2 sī Dominic Kiōng-hô-kok.\n\nÍ-chá ê Taíno (Arawak) goân-chū-bîn kiò chit-ê tó hō-chò Quisqueya (Kiskeya), Ayiti, a̍h-sī Bohio. Christopher Columbus ê chûn-tūi tī 1492 nî lâi kàu hia, kè-tńg-nî siat Se-pan-gâ tī \"Sin Sè-kài\" ê thâu-1-ê si̍t-bîn-tē. In kā chit-ê tó hō 1-ê Ki-tok-kàu miâ, kiò-chò *Santo Domingo*. Hoat-kok-lâng hóng chit-ê miâ kiò i chò *Saint-Domingue*. Ayiti chit-ê miâ āu--lâi pìⁿ-chiâⁿ Haiti-kok ê kok-miâ, goân-lâi ê ì-sù pau-koah kui-ê tó.\n\nTē-lí seng-thài\n---------------\n\nTang-pêng hō·-chúi khah kāu, soaⁿ khah koân, só· lia̍p-chek ê chúi lâu tùi tang (tùi Dominic-kok khah iú-lī). Tang-pêng ū khah chē soaⁿ-kok, pêng-goân, kap ko-goân; thô·-bah pí sai-pêng pûi. Sai-pêng ū ko-soaⁿ cha̍h tang-pō· sàu--kòe-lâi ê hō·-chúi, tì-sú chúi-hun pí tang-pêng khah chió, thô·-bah ê phín-chit khah ló·, seng-thài pí-kàu khah chhùi-jio̍k. Sai-pêng pêⁿ-tē khah chió, lông-gia̍p hoat-tián ê khong-kan khah e̍h.\n\nAu-chiu-lâng chhím kàu-ūi ê sî-chūn, kui-ê tó lóng khàm 1 têng sim-lîm. Hiān-tāi ê Haiti kan-taⁿ chhun 1% ê tē sī sim-lîm, pí Dominic Kiōng-hô-kok ê 28% ke chin chió. Haiti-pêng ū 4-ê chin sè koh pó-chûn liáu bô chiau-chn̂g ê kok-ka kong-hn̂g; Dominic-pêng ū 32% ê tē sī chū-jiân pó-io̍k-tē, pau-koah 74 ê kong-hn̂g kap kî-thaⁿ ê pó-liû-tē.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTaíno-lâng pí Au-chiu-lâng khah chá 5,000 nî lâi kàu Hispaniola. 15 sè-kí-bóe ê Taíno-lâng chèng-tī-siōng pun 5-ê thâu-lâng-kok. In khò choh-sit seng-oa̍h, jîn-sò· kó·-kè siāng chió 10 bān, siāng chē 200 bān. Se-pan-gâ si̍t-bîn-chiá pek chāi-tē-lâng chò in ê lô·-lē, pang in ku̍t kim-á. Kàu-kah 1519 nî Taíno-lâng in-ūi jiám-tio̍h Au-chiu-lâng tòa--lâi ê thoân-jiám-pēⁿ a̍h-sī hō· in thâi--sí, jîn-kháu chhun bān-gōa-ê, kî-tiong tōa-pō·-hūn tī hit nî jiám-tio̍h Thian-hoa, chhun 3 chheng lâng. In āu--lâi m̄-sī sí--khì tō-sī tông-hòa.\n\nSe-pan-gâ-lâng tùi 1520 nî chó-iū khai-sí tùi Hui-chiu chìn-kháu lô·-lē chò kam-chià lông-tiûⁿ ê kang. Āu--lâi Hoat-kok-chek ê seng-lí-lâng, mō·-hiám-ka, kap hái-chha̍t tiàm tó ê sai-pêng bóe-liu kiàn-li̍p in ka-kī ê si̍t-bîn-tē. In oân-ná tùi Hui-chiu chìn-kháu lô·-lē. Tī chit-tōaⁿ sî-kî Se-pan-gâ tè-kok ê tiōng-sim sóa khì tī Bí-chiu tāi-lio̍k, in tī tó-siōng tang-pêng ê si̍t-bîn-tē choân-á khai-sí lo̍h-chhē. Kàu-kah 1785 nî Hoat-kok-pêng ū 70 bān ê lô·-lē (hit-pêng 9 siâⁿ ê jîn-kháu), Se-pan-gâ-pêng kan-taⁿ ū 3 bān (siâⁿ pòaⁿ ê jîn-kháu). Hispaniola hit-tong-sî sī Au-chiu tī Se Pòaⁿ-kiû siāng-kài pûi ê 1 tè si̍t-bîn-tē. Chóng--sī Hoat-kok Saint-Domingue sio-liân-sòa tī 1791 kap 1801 nî hoat-seng lô·-lē chō-hoán ê sū-kiāⁿ. Tī 1804 nî Hoat-kok thòe-chhut, goân lô·-lē kiàn-li̍p Haiti-kok.","meta":{"title":"Hispaniola","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2761,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3226}} -{"text":"**Teng-á-hêng éng-kiú chhek-mn̂g-khí** (*peg-shaped permanent lateral incisor*) ê kīn-oán-sim (*mesiodistal*) chhioh-tō· khah sè, ùi khí-kún-pō· (*cervix*) kàu chhiat-toan (*incisal edge*) bān-bān piàn chiam. Teng-á-hêng téng-ham éng-kiú chhek-mn̂g-khí ē ûi-thoân, kap téng-ham éng-kiú chhek-mn̂g-khí sian-thian sòng-sit ê ûi-thoân ki-chè ū bi̍t-chhiat ê koan-hē. Chhek-mn̂g-khí ê teng-á-hêng kap sian-thian sòng-sit khó-lêng sī kāng-1-ê hián-sèng chū-thé ûi-thoân ki-in ê bô-kāng piáu-hiān. Teng-á-hêng téng-ham éng-kiú chhek-mn̂g-khí ê liû-hêng-lu̍t ùi sió-kóa khah-chió 1% kàu sió-kóa khah-chē 2%. Hoat-seng tī cha-bó ê pîn-lu̍t khah koân-kòe cha-po·, m̄-koh thóng-kè siōng bô hián-chù ê chha-pia̍t. I ū khó-lêng ko·-1-pêng hoat-seng, chú-iàu sī téng-ham tò-pêng, he̍k siang-pêng. I kah chéng-cho̍k bô koan-hē. \n\nTī-liâu ê hoat-tō· ū 2-chióng:\n\n* Bán-tiāu, iōng kiáu-chèng ê hoat-tō· kah kak-khí sóa-lâi pó·-ūi, koh kā siu-bôa chò chhek-mn̂g-khí ê khóan.\n* Thò khí-long he̍k-chiá pó· ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí chiâⁿ-chò chèng-siông ê chhek-mn̂g-khí ê gōa-hêng.","meta":{"title":"Teng-á-hêng éng-kiú chhek-mn̂g-khí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[216,1055,0.204739336492891],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1209}} -{"text":"Bûn-jī hē-thóng kóng--ê **tiong-kan-tiám** (Eng-gí: *middle dot*) sī 1 khoán chhut-hiān tī jī poàⁿ koân-kē ūi-tì ê tiám, chhin-chhiūⁿ ē-kha chia ê lē.\n\n| Hû-hō | HTML jī-goân tāi-bé | HTML sò·-jī tāi-bé | Thong-iōng-bé bé-ūi kap miâ-chheng | Chù-kái |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| · | `·` | `·` | `U+00B7` (middle dot) | Tiong-kan-tiám, interpunct |\n| | | | `U+0387` (Hi-lia̍p-gí ham teleia) | Ano Teleia |\n| • | `•` | `•` | `U+2022` (bullet) | Tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ iōng lâi piáu-sī lia̍t-hāng |\n| ‧ |   | `‧` | `U+2027` (hyphenation point) | Liân-hō-tiám |\n| ・ |   | `・` | `U+30FB` (katakana middle dot) | Sì-kak-tiám, iōng tī Ji̍t-bûn katakana |\n\nChá-kî ê Latin-bûn bat iōng 1 khoán tiong-kan-tiám hō·-chò *interpunct*, āu--lâi kái iōng làng-keh-á lâi tn̄g-sû. Sakartvelo-bûn (Georgia-bûn) iōng he chò *tō͘-tiám* (逗點). Tâi-oân Hō-ló-oē Pe̍h-oē-jī ū-sî ē iōng tiong-kan-tiám tāi-thè chiàⁿ-pêng-koân-tiám (*dot above right*). Hi-lia̍p-bûn ê *Ano Teleia* (\"koân-tiám\", U+0387) mā ū iōng tiong-kan-tiám U+00B7 tāi-thè; che sī chhin-chhiūⁿ *semicolon* ê phiau-tiám hû-hō.\n\nCatalunya-bûn ū 1 ê *punt volat* (\"poe-tiám\") iōng lâi keh-khui 2 ê L jī-bó (chhin-chhiūⁿ: l·l), án-ne piáu-sī in sio̍k-î bô kāng-ê im-chiat. Che sī in-ūi Catalunya-gí ū 1 ê siang-é-lo·h ê jī-bó ll, tāi-piáu Kok-chè Im-phiau ê [λ] im. Thong-iōng-bé ū 2 ê hiān-sêng ê Latin jī-bó ū chit ê tiong-kan-tiám (U+013F, U+0140).\n\nJi̍t-bûn katakana ū iōng tio̍h Ji̍t-pún-sek ê tiong-kan-tiám, sī sì-kak-hêng ê. Che iōng lâi thiah-khui lò-lò-tn̂g ê katakana jī-choā, te̍k-pia̍t sī gōa-lâi-gí. Sì-kak-tiám (pau-koat piⁿ--a ê phāng) chiàm 1 ê Ji̍t-pún-jī ê khoah.\n\nHiān-tāi Hàn-bûn mā ū iōng keng-keh-hō (間隔號 , ．) chiōng gōa-kok lâng a̍h-sī chió-sò· cho̍k-kûn jîn-sū ê miâ kap sèⁿ keh-khui.\n\nSò·-ha̍k ún-chún lâng siá 1 ê sè-ê tiong-kan-tiám, ì-sù hām × sio-siâng, piáu-sī *sêng* (乘). Khó-pí kóng x·y téng-î x × y.\n\nSiong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* Phiat-im hû-hō","meta":{"title":"Tiong-kan-tiám","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[397,1770,0.22429378531073446],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2235}} -{"text":"**Lîm Iú-hok** (Hàn: 林有福; Eng: *Lim Yew Hock*; 1914 nî 10 goe̍h 15 ji̍t – 1984 nî 11 goe̍h 30 ji̍t) sī chi̍t ūi Sin-ka-pho kap Má-lâi-se-a ê Hôa-kiâu chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t, tī 1948 nî kàu 1963 nî tiong-kan tam-jīm kòe Sin-ka-pho Li̍p-hoat-kio̍k kap Li̍p-hoat Gī-hōe ê gī-oân. 1956 nî kàu 1959 nî chhut-jīm tē-jī jīm Siú-se̍k Pō͘-tiúⁿ.\n\nChháu-kin chhut-sin ê Lîm Iú-hok, cha-nî ùi Raffles Institution pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, jīm-chit bûn-koaⁿ. Tī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn kiat-sok liáu-āu, i tâu-sin lô-kang ūn-tōng, sòa-lo̍h-khì chham-chèng. I tī 1949 nî ka-ji̍p Chìn-pō͘ Tóng; 1949 nî choán-óng ka-ji̍p Kang Tóng; lo̍h-bóe koh chham David Marshall ha̍p-cho͘ Lô-kang Tìn-sòaⁿ. Chiàn-āu ê Sin-ka-pho chèng-kio̍k tōng-tōng, chāi-tē iau-kiû to̍k-li̍p ê siaⁿ-im put-toān. Tī chit-khoán ê pōe-kéng chi-hā, Sin-ka-pho tong-kio̍k tī 1955 nî si̍t-si sin hiàn-hoat. Lông-kang Tìn-sòaⁿ liâm-mi tī kāng-nî ê Li̍p-hoat Gī-hōe tāi-soán tong-tiong sèng-soán; iû Marshall chhut-jīm tē-it jīm Siú-sek Pō͘-tiúⁿ, ah Lîm Iú-hok chhut-jīm Lô-kang kap Hok-lī Pō͘-tiúⁿ, jīm-lāi iā kiam-jīm Hù Siú-sek Pō͘-tiúⁿ.\n\nBô-gōa-kú, Marshall hām Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok Chèng-hú só͘ chìn-hêng ê chū-tī tâm-phòaⁿ phò-lia̍t, tī 1956 nî 6 goe̍h soan-pò͘ sî-chit, iû Lîm Iú-hok chiap-jīm. Tī Siú-sek Pō͘-tiúⁿ jīm-lāi, Lîm Iú-hok thàu-kòe ko-ap ê chhiú-tōaⁿ táⁿ-kek kéng-lāi ê chó-phài oa̍h-tāng, chiū án-ne chhú-tit liáu Eng-kok ê sìn-jīm, chhiok-sêng i hām Eng-kok têng khui chū-tī tâm-phòaⁿ, koh tī 1957 nî 4 goe̍h, hām Eng-kok ta̍t-sêng Sin-ka-pho choân-bīn chū-tī ê hiàn-chè hia̍p-gī, thè Sin-ka-pho Chū-tī-pang tī 1959 ê sêng-li̍p lâi tiān-tēng ki-chhó͘. Put-kò, Lîm Iú-hok tùi chó-phài ê kiông-ngē chok-hong, te̍k-pia̍t sī i tī 1956 nî kap 1957 nî nn̄g pái tìn-ap hôa-hāu chó-phài su-seng ê hêng-tōng, tì-sú i si̍t-khì liáu tōa-pòaⁿ Hôa-kiâu soán-bîn ê chi-chhî. Tian-tò, chāi-iá ê Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng Tóng, tī Lí Kong-iāu ê léng-tō chi-hā, chi-chhî-tō͘ tōa-pak chhiau-oa̍t Lô-kang Tìn-sòaⁿ.\n\n1959 nî, Lîm Iú-hok hām i só͘ sêng-li̍p ê Sin-ka-pho Jîn-bîn Liân-bêng tī Li̍p-hoat Gī-hōe tāi-soán tiong tiōng-chhò.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 63073621\n* LCCN: n87876343\n* GND: 1158011504\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Lîm Iú-hok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[78,2130,0.036619718309859155],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2529}} -{"text":"Sin-pak-chhī Sam-kiap Chó͘-su-biō\n**Chheng-chúi chó͘-su** (清水祖師), mā kiò-chòe **Môa-chiong siōng-jîn** (麻章上人), Bân-lâm só·-chāi kóng chòe **O·-bīn chó·-su** khah chōe, ah nā Tâi-ôan sī ka hō·-chò **Chó·-su-kong** a̍h-sī **Chó·-su-iâ**. Chó·-biō tī Hok-kiàn Chôan-chiu An-khoe-koān ê **Chheng-chuí-giâm** (泉州安溪縣清水巖). An Chheng-chúi-giâm chó·-biō hun-lô· chhut-khì ê chó·-su-biō kàu-taⁿ piàn-thian-hā, kî-tiong sǹg Tâi-ôan ê biō-am siōng chōe, che í-gōa, tī Má-lâi-se-a, Sin-ka-pho kah Hui-lu̍t-pin chià-ê só·-chāi mā ē-tàng khòaⁿ-tio̍h Chheng-chúi chó·-su biō.\n\nTâi-ôan Chheng-chúi chó͘-su ê hun-sin\n-------------------------------------\n\nTâi-ôan chôan-kok lóng-chóng ū chiâⁿ-pah chō Chheng-chúi chó͘-su biō. Tī Tâi-ôan, chó͘-su-kong ū chin chōe ê hun-sin, kok só·-chāi ê kiò-hoat bô it-tēng kāng-khóan, chú-iàu ê kiò-hoat sī : **Sam-tai chó͘-su, Hông-lâi chó͘-su, Hián-èng chó͘-su, Chiàu-èng chó͘-su, Hui-èng chó͘-su, Phó·-hiân chó͘-su** kah **La̍k-phīⁿ chó͘-su**, kî-tiong **La̍k-phīⁿ chó͘-su** siāng-kài ū miâ-siaⁿ.\n\nTâi-ôan Chheng-chúi chó·-su biō\n-------------------------------\n\nTī Tâi-ôan chiâⁿ-pah chō Chheng-chúi chó·-su biō tang-tiong, siōng hai siōng chhut-miâ ê ū 3-chō, he to̍h-sī Sam-kiap Chó·-su-biō, Tām-chúi Chó·-su-biō kah Báng-kah Cho·-su-biō. Kî-tiong koh ài-sǹg **Sam-kiap Chheng-chúi Chó·-su-bio** le̍k-sú siōng kú-tn̂g, siāng chhut-miâ, siāng lêng-siàⁿ, hiuⁿ-hóe mā siāng-kài ōng. Sam-kiap Chó·-su-biō kui-chō biō-am khí kah súi-tang-tang koh kim-sih-sih, bô-lūn khí-chhù ê kiàn-tiok châi-liāu a̍h-sī kóng thô·-chúi-sai, chò-ba̍k-sai ê chhiú-lō·, lóng mā it-lia̍p-it.\n\nChheng-chúi chó·-su ê thôan-soat\n--------------------------------\n\nBîn-kan thôan-soat kóng Chheng-chúi chó·-su chāi hān-kan ê sī-chūn sìⁿ **Tân(陳)**, miâ kiò **Èng**(應), (mā ū-ê kóng hō·-chòe **Tân Chiau** a̍h-sī **Tân Chiau-èng** (陳昭應)), i ê hoat-miâ hō·-chò **Phó· Chiok** (普足), chhut-sì tī Sòng-tiâu Jîn-chong khèng-le̍k 4-nî chiaⁿ-go̍eh chhoe-6, chhut-sì ê só·-chāi sī Hok-kiàn Éng-chhun-koan (永春縣) Sio-ko· hiong. Tân Èng chū sè-hàn to̍h tiàm 1-keng miâ hō·-chòe Tāi-hûn-īⁿ ê sī-biō chhut-ke chia̍h-chhài, lō·-bé i bōe-kham cho-siū sī-biō ê khó·-to̍k, ka-kī poaⁿ-khì Ko-thài-soaⁿ, tī hia tah 1-keng chhâ-chhù-am, pih-koan siu-hēng, āu--lâi, iū-koh tit-tio̍h Tāi-chēng-soaⁿ **Bêng Siông** tāi-su ê chí-tiám, gián-tha̍k Hu̍t-keng 3-nî, chóng-sǹg kak-ngō· chhut tāi-tī-hūi. Bêng Siông tāi-su chôaⁿ siu i Tan Èng sai--ê chò tô·-tē, thôan-siū i chin kang-hu. Bêng Siông tāi-su khòan-tō i kóng : **Hu̍t-kài siōng tōa ê kong-tek to̍h sī chò siân-sū, só·-í ài pàng-sak it-chhiat ê sè-sio̍k, kā kiù-chè kah pang-chān sè-kan ê chò-hoat khòaⁿ-chò ka-kī ê chit-jīm**. Tân Èng kā su-hū kau-tài ê ōe kì-kah tiâu-tiâu-tiâu, i khai-sí tī Môa-chiong hêng-i tī-pīⁿ, kiù-chō· peh-sìⁿ, ah tng-tē lâng chôaⁿ kā hō·-chòe **Môa-chiong siōng-jîn**. \n\nSòng-tāi Sîn-chong gôan-hong 6-nî ê sî-chūn, Hok-kiàn An-khoe, Éng-chhun chit-tah tōa-hōaⁿ (大旱), hiong-bîn chhiáⁿ Môa-chiong siōng-jîn lâi khit-hō· (乞雨), bô-gî-gō· chiâⁿ-si̍t tōa-hō· lo̍h-bōe-lī, chū-án-ne, lâng chôaⁿ kā i hō·-chòe **Chheng-chúi chó·-su**. Che í-āu, An-khoe chit-tah ê peh-sèⁿ chôan tī Hông-lâi-soaⁿ soaⁿ-téng khí 1-chō biō-am, iau-chhiáⁿ Môa-chiong siōng-jîn lâi hia khiā-khí, chit-ê só·-chāi sūn-sòa hō·-miâ kiò **Chheng-chúi-giâm**. Thôan-soat kóng, Môa-chiong siōng-jîn tī hia siu-hēng 19-nî, kî-kan kiù-khó· kiù-lān, pho·-lō· chō-kiô, chō-hok peh-sèⁿ, thong-lâng o-ló, iu-kî Chiang-chiu, Theng-chiu (汀州) chit-tah ê peh-sèⁿ lóng lâi sìn-hōng i. \n\nSòng Hui-chong cheng-kok 9-nî, 5 go̍eh 13 hit-kang, Môa-chiong siōng-jîn ôan-chek seng-thian, hiáng-liân 65 hòe. Tē-hng jîn-sū kám-liām ê i ê kong-tek, ka i ê chò-ûi hōe-pò tiâu-têng. Tiâu-têng sûi thek-hong chò **Chiau Èng tāi-su**. \n\n### Sam-kiap Chó·-su-biō ê kóng-hoat\n\nTâi-ôan Sam-kiap Chó·-su-biō kok ū lēng-gōa 1-chióng thôan-soat. Chheng-chúi chó·-su sī Pak-Sòng kiaⁿ-to· Khai-hong-hú Siông-hû-kōan lâng (taⁿ Hô-lâm Khai-hong), chêng-keng tui-sûi Sòng-tiâu chái-siōng Bûn Thian-siông pó-ka ōe-kok, tí-khóng Gôan-peng (元兵) chhim-hōan, sī hit-sî ê bîn-cho̍k eng-hiông. Chheng-chúi chó·-su chai-seⁿ ê thé-ín tī Hok-kiàn ê Chheng-chúi-giâm, kòe-sin liáu-āu, Bêng Thài-chó· tài-liām ê kong-tek, thek-hong chò **Hō·-kok-kong**, jî-chhiáⁿ hā-lēng tī Hok-kiàn An-khoe Chheng-chui-giâm chit-ê só·-chāi khí-keng chō-biō, hō· lâng sè-tāi chè-sī. Chū-án-ne, Hok-kiàn An-khoe lâng chôaⁿ ka hō·-chòe **Chó·-su-kong**, i ê biō-am ho·-chòe **Chó·-su-biō**.","meta":{"title":"Chheng-chúi chó͘-su","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,4275,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5055}} -{"text":"\n\n***Inuyasya*** (犬夜叉; Hepburn-sek: *Inuyasha*) sī iû Takahasi Rumiko tì-chok ê chi̍t phō bàng-gà.\n\nKò͘-sū kán-kài\n--------------\n\nTha̍k kok-tiong saⁿ-nî-kip ê lí-seⁿ Higurasi Kagome (日暮籬) sī chi̍t-miâ ka tòa-tī sîn-siā ê cha-bó͘-gín-á. 15-sòe seⁿ-ji̍t hit-chi̍t-ji̍t, i hō͘ iau-kòai Mukadezyôrô (百足上臈) thoa ji̍p sîn-siā ê ko͘-chéⁿ tiong, kàng-lîm 500 nî chêng ê Ji̍t-pún Chiàn-kok sî-tāi, pēng kap hong-ìn (封印) ê pòaⁿ-iau (半妖) Inuyasha siòng-gū. Inuyasha chū-chheng sī ūi-tio̍h tit Sì-hûn chi Ge̍k (四魂の玉) í chiâⁿ-chò chiàⁿ-káng ê iau-koài, mkoh si̍t-chè msi ôan-chôan án-ne. kàng-lîm Chiàn-kok-sî-tāi ê Kagome hō͘ gō͘ jīn-ûi í kòe-sin ê bû-lí (巫女) Kikyô (桔梗), āu in lêng-la̍t, siòng-māu kap pak-lāi ê Sì-hûn chi Ge̍k jî lēng kong-chiòng kiò-sī Kikyô ê choán-sè. Kagome kiò Inuyasha, iū bô-ì-tiong kā Sì-hûn chi Ge̍k iōng chìⁿ siā chhùi, sàn kàu kok-tē. ūi-tio̍h siu-chi̍p Sì-hûn chi Ge̍k chhùi-phìⁿ (碎片), Inuyasha kap Kagome ta̍h chiūⁿ lí-tô͘, kap āu-lâi chhut-hiān ê sió iau-hô͘ Sippô (七宝), hoat-su Miroku (弥勒) hô khu-mô͘-su Sango (珊瑚) tông siu-chi̍p Sì-hûn chi Ge̍k. Jî-chhiáⁿ kok-lâng lóng-sī hiòng-tio̍h táⁿ-tó pêng-pêng siu-chi̍p Sì-hûn chi Ge̍k ê iau-koài Naraku (奈落) ûi bo̍k-phiau khí-kiâⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Inuyasya","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1183,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1386}} -{"text":"Kiàn-tio̍k\n**Kiàn-tio̍k**, sī kí thê-kiong hō͘ lâng khiā-khí iah oa̍t-tōng, ū loē-pō͘ khong-kan ê kò͘-chō-bu̍t ê phah-tat, siat-kè, chō-chok it-ti̍t kah sú-iōng ê chèng-kô koè-têng, he̍k-chiá-sī chit-ê koè-têng-tiong ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn. Koh ū-tang-chūn, chit-ê sû mā kí thâu-chêng kóng ê chit-ê kò͘-chō-bu̍t pún-sin, chóng--sī kò͘-chō-bu̍t pún-sin kóng kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t ē khah bêng-khak.\n\nLô-má sî-tāi ê kiàn-tio̍k-ka Marcus Vitruvius Pollio só͘ siá ê Lūn Kiàn-tio̍k (De Architectura) sī hiān-chhú-sî iáu tī-leh siōng-kó͘-chá ê kiàn-tio̍k-ha̍k ê chheh. Tī chheh--ni̍h, Marcus Vitruvius Pollio tui-kiû lō͘-iōng (utilitas), kian-kò͘ (firmatis), lè-táu (venustas) chit 3 tiám ê tâng-chê ta̍t-sêng, nā beh ta̍t-sêng chit 3 ê bo̍k-phiau, bô gē-su̍t kap kho-ha̍k ê lí-kái sī bē-ēng-tit--ê.\n\nGí-goân\n-------\n\nKiàn-tio̍k chit-ê sû, goân-té sī Ji̍t-gí hoan-e̍k ê Hàn-jī-sû (建築). Tī Ji̍t-pún Bêng-tī chá-kî, chū-té sī ēng \"造家\" lâi kóng kāng chit-hāng tāi-chì. 1894 nî, Kiàn-tio̍k-sú-ka kiam kiàn-tio̍k-ka Itou Chiuta (伊東忠太) tī lūn-bûn: *Lūn Architecture ê pún-gī lâi soán-te̍k hoan-e̍k iōng-jī, ǹg-bāng ē-tàng kā lán Chō-ka Ha̍k-hoē kái-miâ* (アーキテクチュールの本義を論じて其の訳字を撰定し我が造家学会の改名を望む) lāi-té, chú-tiuⁿ *Architecture*: \"eng-kai sī sio̍k-tī sè-kài-siōng *Fine Art* ê hāng-mi̍h, m̄-sī sio̍k-tī *Industrial Art* ê hāng-mi̍h\", i jīn-ûi tio̍h kā hoan-e̍k chò \"kiàn-tio̍k\" chiah ū sì-thīn.\n\nBêng-tī sî-tāi ê Eng-bûn-Ji̍t-bûn sû-tián tō í-keng ēng \"kián-tio̍k ê ki-su̍t\" lâi kái-soeh Eng-bûn-jī \"construction\"--a, sui-bóng hit-sî-chūn sī kā chit-ê sû tòng-chò \"kiàn-siat\" ê ì-sù leh ēng, m̄-koh chit-ê sû tek-si̍t chū-lâi tō chûn-chāi tī Ji̍t-gí--ni̍h, Tán Itou Chiuta thê-chhut iōng-sû ê kiàn-gī liáu-āu, chit-ê Hàn-jī-sû chiah ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á piàn-chò chit-má leh kóng ê ì-sù, pēng-chhiáⁿ hō͘ Tiong-bûn kap Hō-ló téng-téng ê gí-giân khip-siu, tī bô-kâng ê gí-giân lāi-té sú-iōng.\n\nSiang-koan ê bûn-chiⁿ\n---------------------\n\n* Kiàn-tio̍k-ha̍k\n* Kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t","meta":{"title":"Kiàn-tio̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[36,1962,0.01834862385321101],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2270}} -{"text":"Ge̍k-siàm-thàu goân-lí ê hái-chúi tām-hòa chhiúⁿ\n**Hái-chúi tām-hòa** (海水淡化), mā hō-chò **hái-chúi thoat-iâm** (海水脫鹽), sī kā hái-chúi lāi ê iâm-hūn kap khòng-bu̍t-chit the̍h-tiāu lâi tit-tio̍h tām-chúi ê kòe-têng. Hái-chúi tām-hòa chú-iàu sī ūi-tio̍h beh thê-kiong ím-iōng-chúi kap lông-gia̍p iōng-chúi. Tī tām-hòa ê kòe-têng tiong-kan, ū-tang-sî-á si̍t-iōng-iâm mā ē tòng-chò hù-sán-bu̍t pī seng-sán chhut-lâi. Hái-chúi tām-hòa tī hui-siông khiàm-chúi ê Tiong-tang só͘-chāi chiâⁿ liû-hêng; tī chi̍t-kóa tó-sū kap chûn-chiah téng mā ē lī-iōng chit hāng ki-su̍t. Chi̍t-kóa óa hái ê chio̍h-hòa kap goân-chú-le̍k hoat-tiān-só͘ mā óa-khò hái-chúi tām-hòa ki-su̍t lâi thê-kiōng léng-khiok lô͘-sim ê chúi-goân. Hái-chúi tām-hòa su-iàu tāi-liōng lêng-liōng, só͘-í tī khah sàn-chhiah ê kok-ka tē-khu ê keng-chè hāu-ek bô koân. Lēng-gōa, tām-hòa liáu-āu ê hù-sán-phín \"iâm-chúi\" (iâm-hūn lông-tō͘ chin koân ê chúi) mā ū pâi-hòng ê būn-tê chûn-chāi.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85116768\n* GND: 4038339-8\n* BNF: cb12043206m (data)\n* NDL: 00562013\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Hái-chúi tām-hòa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[80,1056,0.07575757575757576],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1282}} -{"text":"**Khó-ge̍k hoán-èng** (可逆反應) sī kóng thong-siông tī kāng chi̍t-ê tiâu-kiāⁿ hā chiàⁿ-hoán-èng hong-hiòng kap ge̍k-hoán-èng hong-hiòng lóng ē-tàng chìn-hêng ê hòa-ha̍k hoán-èng, thang siá chò:\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\ce {{\\mathit {a}}A{}+{\\mathit {b}}B<=>{\\mathit {c}}C{}+{\\mathit {d}}D}}}\n\nSeng-sêng-bu̍t piàn chò hoán-èng-bu̍t ê sok-lu̍t sè kàu ē-tàng hut-lio̍k ê hoán-èng hō-chò put-khó-ge̍k hoán-èng. Sū-si̍t-siōng, cho̍at tōa-to-sò͘ ê hoán-èng lóng sī khó-ge̍k hoán-èng, chí-put-kò in-ê khó-ge̍k thêng-tō͘ khah sè, it-poaⁿ kā in tòng-chò sī put-khó-ge̍k hoán-èng. Khó-ge̍k hoán-èng ài tī chi̍t-ê hong-pì ê hē-thóng lāi, nā bô, tng seng-sêng-bu̍t sī khì-thé, ū khó-lêng ē hō͘ seng-sêng-bu̍t chìn-ji̍p tāi-khì, tì-sú ge̍k-hiòng hoán-èng bô-hoat-tō͘ hoat-seng, chòe-āu piàn chò put-khó-ge̍k hoán-èng. Tī chiàⁿ-hiòng hoán-èng (chiàⁿ-hoán-èng, hiòng-iū ê hoán-èng) ê sok-lu̍t kap ge̍k-hiòng hoán-èng (ge̍k-hoán-èng) ê sok-lu̍t kāng-khoán ê sî, khó-ge̍k hoán-èng ta̍t-kàu hòa-ha̍k pêng-hêng.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Tōng-thài pêng-hêng\n* Hòa-ha̍k pêng-hêng\n* Put-khó-ge̍k-sèng","meta":{"title":"Khó-ge̍k hoán-èng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[63,1121,0.056199821587867974],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1261}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\n**Khó-chhì-īⁿ** (考試院) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok ê chòe-ko khó-chhì ki-koan, kán-chheng **chhì-īⁿ** (試院). I miâ lāi-té ê \"khó-chhì\", m̄-nā chí bûn-koaⁿ ê khó-soán niā-niā, mā pau-koat koan-hē tio̍h bûn-koaⁿ jîn-sū hêng-chèng ê siong-koan sū-bū. tû-liáu īⁿ pún-pō͘ í-gōa, Khó-chhì-īⁿ ē-kha koh ū 4 ê tiong-iong jī-kip ki-koan, hun-pia̍t sī Khó-soán-pō͘、Chn̂g-sū-pō͘、Pó-hùn-hōe kah Ki-kim kàm-lí-hōe. Khó-chhì-īⁿ só͘ chióng-koán ê \"khó-chhì\" sū-bū kah kàu-io̍k hong-bīn ê \"khó-chhì\" bô-kâng, sī hō͘ kok-ka thê-poa̍t iu-siù jîn-châi ê chhek-giām, chhin-chhiōⁿ Tiong-kok kó͘-chá-sî ê kho-kí. Só͘-í, Khó-chhì-īⁿ kí-pān ê kong-chit jîn-oân ko-phó͘-khó kah Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ só͘ kí-pān ê seng-ha̍k khó-chhì (chhiōⁿ kok-tiong kàu-io̍k hōe-khó) bô-kâng, Khó-chhì-īⁿ tû-liáu kí-pān kong-chit jîn-oân khó-soán í-gōa, mā ū pān-lí choan-mn̂g chit-gia̍p kah ki-su̍t jîn-oân ê khó-chhì (kán-chheng **choan-ki-ko-khó**), hō͘ ū choan-gia̍p he̍k-chiá te̍k-sû ki-su̍t ê jîn-oân (chhiōⁿ i-seng, lu̍t-su, kiàn-tio̍k-su, ki-su) téng-téng ê choan-gia̍p jîn-oân ē-sái the̍h-tio̍h kok-ka ê chu-keh jīn-chèng.","meta":{"title":"Khó-chhì-īⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[46,1158,0.039723661485319514],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1267}} -{"text":"Tè-kok Seng-bēng Hōe-siā Kū-hā\n**Tè-kok Seng-bēng Hōe-siā Kū-hā** (帝國生命會社舊廈) sī Tâi-oân Tâi-pak-chhī ê ti̍t-hat chhī-tēng kó͘-chek, khí tī Tâi-pak-chhī Tiong-chèng-khu Phok-ài-lō͘ kap Pó-khèng-lō͘ oat-kak-á, óa Chóng-thóng-hú, chū-chí sī Tâi-pak-chhī Tiong-chèng-khu Phok-ài-lō͘ 162 hō.\n\nTè-kok Seng-bēng Hōe-siā Kū-hā tī 1910 nî chho͘-kiàn, goân-té sī Ji̍t-pún Tè-kok Seng-bēng Pó-hiám (Tiau-ji̍t Seng-bēng Pó-hiám ê chiân-sin) Tâi-pak Chi-tiàm ê pān-kong tōa-lâu. Tú khí hó ê sî-chūn ū tiong-iong chiam-thah ê hêng-sek; m̄-koh chho͘-kiàn oân-sêng liáu-āu cho-siū hiā-hāi, 1936 nî iû Tek-tiong Kang-bū-tiàm kái-kiàn, kā chiam-thah the̍h-tiāu, tī 1937 nî 6 goe̍h lo̍h-sêng. Jī-chhù tāi-chiàn liáu-āu, Tè-kok Seng-bēng Hōe-siā Kū-hā choán hō͘ Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Gōa-kau-pō͘ kap Tâi-oân Gîn-hâng téng ki-koan sú-iōng. Che sī 1930 nî-tāi ê pān-kong kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t ê tāi-piáu.\n\n1998 nî 5 goe̍h 4 hō, Tâi-pak-chhī Chèng-hú Bîn-chèng-kio̍k hoat-pò͘ *Hú-bîn-sam-jī Tē-8702427101 hō* kong-kò, kā Tè-kok Seng-bēng Hōe-siā Kū-hā tēng chò \"ti̍t-hat chhī-tēng kó͘-chek\". Bo̍k-chiân Tè-kok Seng-bēng Hōe-siā Kū-hā ê sán-khoân sio̍k-î Tâi-oân Gîn-hâng, chit-má iû Tâi-oân Gîn-hâng Bûn-bu̍t-koán kap Tâi-oân Gîn-hâng Kok-chè-pō͘ ha̍p-iōng.","meta":{"title":"Tè-kok Seng-bēng Hōe-siā Kū-hā","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1242,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1408}} -{"text":"Chîⁿ\n**Chîⁿ** (錢) ia̍h **lui** (鐳) sī lâng ēng lâi bé mi̍h-kiāⁿ ia̍h ho̍k-bū (chhiàⁿ lâng chò khang-khoè)--ê, mā sī in bē mi̍h hō͘--lâng iah sī kā lâng ho̍k-bū ē the̍h-tio̍h--ê. Thong-sè-kan ū chin chē bô-kâng khoán-sek teh si̍t-chè liû-thong ê chîⁿ, sī í chóa-phiò ia̍h gîn-kak téng hêng-sek chûn-chāi, ia̍h chiō sī hoè-pè, he̍k-chiá sī kóng thong-hòe. Toā-to-sò͘ ê kok-ka lóng ū hoat in kok sú-iōng ê hoè-pè, pí-lūn Bí-kok ê Bí-kim he̍k-chiá-sī Hui-li̍p-pin ê peso.\n\nMiâ\n---\n\n\"Lui\" chit-ê kóng-hoat lâi-chū Chheng-tiâu kah chá-kî Bîn-kok chèng-hú ēng ê tâng-lui (銅鐳). Tâi-oân hō͘ Ji̍t-pún tông-tī ê sî-chūn, \"lui\" chit-ê kóng-hoat bān-bān siau-sit, khah chia̍p ēng \"chîⁿ\" (Ji̍t-pún-gí: 銭, sen). In-ūi khah-chá ū ê lâng ùi Bân-lâm kah Tiô-sòaⁿ tē-hng î-bîn kàu Lâm-iûⁿ, \"lui\" tī Sin-ka-pho kah Má-lâi-se-a iân-iōng kàu-taⁿ.\n\nChîⁿ ê le̍k-sú\n--------------\n\nChîⁿ sī ēng lâi bé mi̍h-kiāⁿ--ê, lâng chò bé-bē sī chêng kó͘-chá tō ū ê tāi-chì. Tong-goân-chho͘, lâng teh kau-e̍k pēng bô ēng chîⁿ, in sī chò táu-oāⁿ, iā-chiū-sī ēng mi̍h-kiāⁿ khì kap lâng oāⁿ bô-siâng ê mi̍h.\n\nLâng chi̍t-khai-sí sú-iōng chîⁿ ê sî, in siūⁿ-beh chhoē ē tòng-kú, koh ti̍t-ti̍t ū kè-ta̍t, jî-chhiáⁿ lī-piān chah lâi khì-tò ê hāng-mi̍h, le̍k-sú-siōng thâu-chi̍t-ê ēng kim-sio̍k chù-chò gîn-kak-á ê kok-ka hō-chò Lydia, sî-kan sī iok-kî-lio̍k kong-goân-chêng 650 nî. Chit-ê kok-ka ê ūi-tì tō tī Türkiye se-pō͘. Lydia ê gîn-kak-á sī ēng kùi-tiōng ê kim-sio̍k chù--ê, kuân-téng ū sai ê tô͘. Iā chit khoán chò-hoat chin kín tō thoân khì Hi-lia̍p kap Tē-tiong-hái ê chē-chē só͘-chāi, boé-á thoàⁿ khì kah sè-kài pa̍t-tah. Khah kó͘-chá ê sī-chūn, mā bat ū lâng ēng lê-à-khak iah sī iâm-kak t.t. lâi chò hoè-pè.\n\nĒng chîⁿ lâi chò bé-bē pí-khí táu-oāⁿ ke khah lī-piān, mā ē-tàng bô siū hoè-mi̍h pún-seng bô-hoat-tō͘ koh thiah-hun ê chè-hān, mā khah bē in-ūi kāng 1 khoán mi̍h, sûi-ê ê phín-chit kap toā-sè cheng-chha lâi khí kau-liâu. Chîⁿ kā kau-e̍k ê tan-ūi piau-chún-hoà, thê-seng keng-chè hoa̍t-tōng ê hāu-lu̍t. Lâng mā thang thàu-koè lia̍p-chek chîⁿ lâi pī-pān bī-lâi ê su-iàu, sīm-chì lâu hō͘ kiáⁿ-sun-á.\n\nHoat-bêng gîn-kak-á kúi-ā pah tang liáu-āu, choá-phiò khai-sì hō͘ lâng ēng lâi piáu-sì ū ín lâng beh hù chîⁿ, siōng-khí-thâu sī 1 chióng chiò-jī ê khoán-sek, tē-it-tiuⁿ chiàⁿ-káng ê gîn-phiò sī tī kong-goân 600 chì 1455 tiong-kan ê Tiong-kok chhut-hiān--ê, 1660 kàu 1664 nî tiong-kan Sūi-tián mā khai-sí ìn gîn-phiò. Chóng--sī chit 2 ê lē tī hit-tong-sî lóng in-ūi boé--á khêng bô kàu gîn-kak-á thang tùi-oāⁿ choaⁿ-á chhui-hêng liáu bô kài sūn-sū. Massachusetts ê Massachusettes Oaⁿ Si̍t-bîn-tē tī 1690 nī mā hoat-hêng gîn-phiò, chit pái tō ū sêng-kong, liáu-āu gîn-phiò mā piàn-chò jú lâi jú sù-siông.\n\nHiān-chhú-sī, lâng koan-liām--ni̍h ê chîⁿ, hoān-sè m̄-sī si̍t-thé ê hoè-pè, tian-tó sī gîn-hâng kháu-chō lâi-té khiām tiàm tiān-náu kì-tî-thé ê sò͘-gia̍h.\n\nChîⁿ ê ì-sù ū-sî-chūn sī khah khoah-bīn--ê, chhin-chhiūⁿ sìn-iōng-khah, tō kiò-chò sok-ka hoè-pè.","meta":{"title":"Chîⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2912,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3409}} -{"text":"**Hô Hôa Bûn-gí Lūi-chham** (Hàn-jī: 荷華文語類參; Hô-lân-gí: *Nederlandsch-Chineesch Woordenboek met de Transcriptle der Chineesche Karakters in het Tsiang-tsiu Dialekt*) sī Gustare Schlegel pian-choān ê Bân-lâm-gí sû-tián, ēng Hô-lân-gí siá ê, tī 1882 nî kàu 1892 nî tiong-kan, iû Hô-lân léng Ìn-tō͘-nî-se-a si̍t-bîn chèng-hú hun chò 4 pún chhut-pán khan-hêng. Chit phō sû-tián m̄-nā sī bo̍k-chiân kui-bô͘ siāng tōa ê Bân-lâm-gí sû-tián, mā sī tē-it phō ēng Se-iûⁿ gí-bûn siá ê Bân-lâm-gí sû-tián. I siu-lo̍k ê Bân-lâm-gí hong-giân sī Chiuⁿ-phó͘ tē-khu ê Chiang-chiu-ōe.\n\nChit pún chheh chhut-pán ê bo̍k-tek sī beh pang-chō͘ Hô-lân-lâng o̍h Bân-lâm-gí, m̄-sī hō͘ Bân-lâm-lâng o̍h Hô-lân-gí. I siu-lo̍k gí-im í Chiang-chiu-ōe bûn-giân im ûi-chú, ta̍k-ê Hô-lân-gí sû āu-piah lóng ēng Hàn-jī kap Lô-má-jī lâi kái-soeh. Tē-it chheh thâu-chêng ū ka-cho̍k chheng-ūi pió, tē-sì chheh āu-piah ū kok-miâ, siâⁿ-chhī miâ, sio̍k-gí téng hū-lo̍k, í Hô-lân-bûn kap Hàn-bûn hō͘-siong tùi-chiàu, pēng àn Lô-má-jī jī-bó sūn-sī pâi-lia̍t.","meta":{"title":"Hô Hôa Bûn-gí Lūi-chham","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,991,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1144}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\nTâi-ôan lâm-pō· ê Tiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng ūi-chhiⁿ siòng-phìⁿ. ( 1998-nî 11-go̍eh hip )\n**Tiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng** sī Tâi-ôan 5 ê tōa soaⁿ-lêng lāi-té ê 1-ê, siōng-pak kàu tī Gî-lân-kōan ( 宜蘭縣 ) So·-ò ( 蘇澳 ) ê Tang-ò-niá ( 東澳嶺 ), siōng-lâm lâi kàu Tâi-ôan bóe-sau ê Gô-lôan-phīⁿ ( 鵝鑾鼻 ).\n\nTiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng khêng-si̍t khah phian tī Tâi-ôan-tó ê tang-pêng, ùi pak kah lâm lóng-chóng ū 340-kong-lí hiah tn̂g, nā tang-sai khoah-bīn sī chha-put-to 80-kong-lí. Tī tó-sū téng-kôan ê kiâⁿ-hiòng sī pak-pak-tang kàu lâm-lâm-se. I mā sī Tâi-ôan siōng-tn̂g ê soaⁿ-lêng, ū \"Tâi-ôan Khiàu-chit\" ê thé-hō, mā in-ūi án-ne koh hō· lâng hō-chò **Tiong-chit-soaⁿ-lêng** ( Hôa-gí: 脊樑山脈 ).\n\nIt-poaⁿ kóng--ê **Tiong-chit-soaⁿ-lêng** sī hia̍p-gī ê Tiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng, nā kóng-gī ê Tiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng, tō ài kā \"Tiong-chit-soaⁿ-lêng\", \"Seh-soaⁿ-soaⁿ-lêng\" ( Hôa-gí: 雪山山脈 ) kap \"Gio̍k-san-soaⁿ-lêng\" ( Hôa-gí: 玉山山脈 ) lóng sǹg-chāi-lāi, mā ū lâng kā kóng-gī ê Tiong-iong Soaⁿ-lêng kiò-chò \"Tiong-iong Soaⁿ-tē\" lâi khu-hun hia̍p-gī kah kóng-gī ê Tiong-iong Soaⁿ-lêng.\n\nTiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng kā Tâi-ôan-tó hun-chò tang-pêng kap sai-pêng bô tùi-thin ê 2-pō·-hūn, tang-pêng khah-sè-ê, khah-khâm-khia̍t, sai-pêng khah-khoah, mā khah-pêⁿ-tháⁿ. Tiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng oan-ná sī Tâi-ôan-tó ta̍k-ê chúi-hē ê pun-chúi.\n\nTiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng ê kôan-soaⁿ sio-sòa, Tâi-ôan 100 soaⁿ-bú ( Hôa-gí: 台灣百岳 ) tō ū chiâⁿ-chē sī sio̍k-tī Tiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng, pí-lūn-kóng: Siù-ko·-lôan-soaⁿ ( Hôa-gí: 秀姑巒山) (3825-kong-chhioh), Lâm-ô·-tōa-soaⁿ ( Hôa-gí: 南湖大山 ) (3742-kong-chhioh), Ha̍p-hoan-soaⁿ ( Hôa-gí: 合歡山) (3714-kong-chhioh), Tiong-iong-chiam-soaⁿ ( Hôa-gí: 中央尖山 ) (3705-kong-chhioh), Koan-soaⁿ ( Hôa-gí: 關山 ) (3668-kong-chhioh), Kî-lâi-chú-soaⁿ Pak-niá-thâu ( Hôa-gí: 奇萊主山北峰 ) (3607-kong-chhioh), Hiòng-iông-san ( Hôa-gí: 向陽山 ) (3602-kong-chhioh), Kî-lâi-chú-soaⁿ ( Hôa-gí: 奇萊主山 ) (3560-kong-chhioh), Sam-chha-san ( Hôa-gí: 三叉山 ) (3496-kong-chhioh), Tan-tāi-san ( Hôa-gí: 丹大山 ) (3325-kong-chhioh), Lêng-ko-san ( Hôa-gí: 能高山 ) (3262-kong-chhioh ).\n\nChiàu thóng-kè lâi khòaⁿ, Tiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng lāi-té ê \"Tâi-ôan 100 soaⁿ-bú\" lóng-chóng ū 69-lia̍p, nā chhiau-kòe 3,000-kong-chhioh ê kôan-soaⁿ, mā ū 181-lia̍p, chit-ê sò·-jī sī \"Tâi-ôan 5 ê tōa soaⁿ-lêng \"lāi-té khiā-thâu-miâ--ê.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân ê tē-hêng |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Soaⁿ-me̍h | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Gō͘-tōa soaⁿ-me̍h | Tiong-iong Soaⁿ-me̍h **·** Gio̍k-san Soaⁿ-me̍h **·** Soat-soaⁿ Soaⁿ-me̍h **·** A-lí-san Soaⁿ-me̍h **·** Hái-hōaⁿ Soaⁿ-me̍h |\n| |\n| Sai-pō͘ toān-chân soaⁿ-tē | Ka-lí-san Soaⁿ-me̍h **·** A-lí-san Soaⁿ-me̍h |\n\n | |\n| |\n| Koân-phiâⁿ | Nâ-kháu Tâi-tē **·** Thô-hn̂g Tâi-tē Kûn **·** Āu-lí Tâi-tē **·** Tōa-tō͘ Tâi-tē **·** Pat-kòa Tâi-tē **·** Hêng-chhun Sai Tâi-tē |\n| |\n| Soaⁿ-lūn | Poe-hōng-soaⁿ Khu-lêng **·** Tek-tang Khu-lêng **·** Tek-lâm Khu-lêng **·** Biâu-le̍k Khu-lêng **·** Hong-goân Khu-lêng **·** Bū-hong Soaⁿ-tē **·** Lâm-tâu Khu-lêng **·** Tek-san Khu-lêng **·** Táu-la̍k Khu-lêng **·** Ka-gī Khu-lêng **·** Sin-hòa Khu-lêng **·** Lāi-mn̂g Khu-lêng **·** Niá-kháu Khu-lêng **·** Hōng-soaⁿ Khu-lêng **·** Hêng-chhun Tang-hong Khu-lêng |\n| |\n| Hô-kai | Tōa-khe Hô-kai Kûn **·** Sin-siā Hô-kai Kûn **·** Tek-bú Hô-kai Kûn **·** Kî-bí Hô-kai Kûn |\n| |\n| Pêⁿ-po͘ | Sin-tek Pêng-goân **·** Tek-lâm Pêng-goân **·** Biâu-le̍k Pêng-goân **·** Tāi-kah Pêng-goân **·** Chheng-chúi Pêng-goân **·** Chiang-hòa Pêng-goân **·** Lô-chúi-khe Chhiong-chek Pêng-goân **·** Ka-lâm Pêng-goân **·** Ko-hiông Pêng-goân **·** Pîn-tong Pêng-goân **·** Hêng-chhun Chhiòng-kok Pêng-goân **·** Gî-lân Pêng-goân **·** Hoa-tang Chhiòng-kok Pêng-goân |\n| |\n| Phûn-tē | Tâi-pak Phûn-tē **·** Tâi-tiong Phûn-tē **·** Po͘-lí Phûn-tē Kûn **·** Gio̍k-chéⁿ Phûn-tē **·** Thài-goân Phûn-tē |\n| |\n| Hóe-soaⁿ kûn | Ke-lâng Hóe-soaⁿ Kûn **·** Tōa-tūn Hóe-soaⁿ Kûn |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tiong-iong Soaⁿ-me̍h","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1331,3583,0.3714764164108289],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4577}} -{"text":"\nLouise Brealey (2009).\n**Louise Brealey** (1979 nî 3 goe̍h 27 ji̍t chhut-sì ), mā siá-chòe **Loo Brealey**, sī chi̍t-ūi Eng-kok ê cha-bó͘ ián-goân, chok-ka kiam kì-chiá. Brealey siōng chhut-miâ ê ián-chhut kak-sek sī *Casualty* ê Roxanne Bird kap *Sherlock* ê hoat-i Molly Hooper.\n\nChá-nî seng-o̍ah\n----------------\n\nBrealey tī Eng-kek-lân Northamptonshire ê Bozeat chhut-sì. I bat tī Cambridge Tāi-ha̍k ha̍k-si̍p le̍k-sú, jiân-āu chiân-óng New York ê Lee Strasberg Hì-kio̍k kap Tiān-iáⁿ Ha̍k-īⁿ chiap-siū siáu-thiúⁿ-á thâu-chhiú-sai Philippe Gaulier ê piáu-ián hùn-liān.\n\nSiá-chok\n--------\n\nChè-chok\n--------\n\nIán-chhut\n---------\n\n### Êng-bō͘\n\n### Bú-tâi-kio̍k\n\n### Hòng-sàng\n\nChok-phín\n---------\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Elizabeth Day (2012-01-22). \"Louise Brealey: 'I don't think Molly is really Sherlock's type'\". The Guardian. 2014-01-04 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"Loo Brealey\". Holby.tv. 2008-08-16 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nGōa-pō͘\n-------\n\n* Louise Brealey ê chhòng-chok bāng-chām","meta":{"title":"Louise Brealey","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[440,1053,0.4178537511870845],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1048}} -{"text":"Siā Soat-hông, 1944 nî.\n**Siā Soat-hông** (謝雪紅; 1901 nî 10 goe̍h 17 ji̍t - 1970 nî 11 goe̍h 5 ji̍t), gôan-miâ **Siā A-lú** (謝阿女), tī Tâi-oân Chiong-hòa chhut-sì. I sī Tâi-oân Kiōng-sán-tóng kap Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng sêng-ôan, sī Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ lāi-bīn tùi-khòng Kok-bîn-tóng kun-tūi ê Jī-chhit pō͘-tūi léng-tō-chiá chi it. \n\nI āu-lâi tī Tiong-kok chham chi̍t-kóa Tâi-oân-lâng chò-hóe chhòng-li̍p Tâi-oân Bîn-chú Chū-tī Tông-bêng, jî-chhiáⁿ hōng sóan chò Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Chôan-kok Jîn-bîn Tāi-piáu Tāi-hōe ê Tâi-oân-séng tāi-piáu. \n\nSiā Soat-hông tī Hóan-iū-phài tàu-cheng sî-kî hō͘ phêng-phòaⁿ chò \"iū-phài\", tī Bûn-hòa Tāi-kek-bēng mā-sī hō͘ tàu-cheng ê tùi-siòng.\n\nI chòe-āu tī Tiong-kok Pak-kiaⁿ kòe-sin.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 254787857\n* LCCN: nr91020373\n* ISNI: 0000 0003 7773 3694\n* SUDOC: 16215139X\n* NLA: 36692681\n* NDL: 00693846\n* NCL: 000523578\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Siā Soat-hông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[139,857,0.16219369894982497],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1077}} -{"text":"Sin-tek-chiu-thiaⁿ\n**Sin-tek-chhī Chèng-hú** (新竹市政府) sī Tâi-oân Sin-tek-chhī chòe-ko chân-kip ê tē-hng hêng-chèng ki-koan, tī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú kè-kò͘ tiong sī séng-hat-chhī chū-tī ki-koan, tông-sî hū-chek chip-hêng tiong-iong ki-koan úi-pān sū-hāng, Sin-tek-chhī ê chū-tī kàm-tok ki-koan sī Hêng-chèng-īⁿ kok pō͘-hōe (chú-iàu sī Lāi-chèng-pō͘). Sin-tek-chhī Chèng-hú ū 15 ê it-kip tan-ūi, 6 ê só͘-sio̍k it-kip ki-koan (ū 12 ê hā-sio̍k ki-koan), 3 ê khu-kong-só͘, 15 ê só͘-sio̍k jī-kip ki-koan, 44 só͘ kok-kip ha̍k-hāu, 1 só͘ iù-tī-hn̂g.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong-hôa Bîn-kok (Tâi-oân) ê tē-hng chèng-hú |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Ti̍t-hat-chhī | \n* Ko-hiông\n* Sin-pak\n* Tâi-lâm\n* Tâi-pak\n* Tâi-tiong\n* Thô-hn̂g\n\n |\n| |\n| Séng-hat-chhī | \n* Ka-gī\n* Ke-lâng\n* Sin-tek\n\n |\n| |\n| Koān | \n* Biâu-le̍k\n* Chiang-hòa\n* Gî-lân\n* Hoa-liân\n* Hûn-lîm\n* Ka-gī\n* Kim-mn̂g\n* Lâm-tâu\n* Liân-kang\n* Phêⁿ-ô͘\n* Pîn-tong\n* Sin-tek\n* Tâi-tang\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Sin-tek-chhī Chèng-hú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[265,818,0.32396088019559904],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1145}} -{"text":"**Chhī-ke-chng** (市街庄) sī **chhī**, **ke** kap **chng** ê chóng-chheng, Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi Tâi-oân ê tē-hng chū-tī tan-ūi. Kî-tiong, chhī kap kūn kâng-khoán sī siat ùi chiu (州) ê ē-té ki̍p, nā **ke** kap **chng** sī kūn ē-té chi̍t ki̍p.\n\nChhī-ke-chng tāi-iok siong-tong Ji̍t-pún pún-thó͘ (hit-chūn kóng lāi-tē) ē chhī-teng-chhoan (市町村). Hoat-lu̍t siōng chhī chú-iàu siū Chhī-chè (市制), ke kap chng sī siū Ke-chng-chè (街庄制) kui-hoān. Chhī sī chhī-ún (市尹; 1940 nî kái chhī-tiúⁿ) lâi thóng-hat, lēng-gōa koh siat chhī-hōe; ke-chng sī ke/chng-tiúⁿ thóng-hat, ū ke-chng hia̍p-gī-hōe ê siat-tì. Chhī-hōe kap ke-chng ê hia̍p-gī-hōe gī-goân pòaⁿ-sò͘ sī soán-kí sán-seng, pòaⁿ-sò͘ sī chhī-ún kap ke-chng-tiúⁿ jīm-bēng.\n\nChhī-ke-chng ê chè-to͘ kap chiu-thiaⁿ lóng sī 1920 nî si̍t-si (gī-goân soán-kí sī 1935 nî khai-sí), it-tī ēng kàu chiàn-āu chhe-kî thâu chi̍t chām, in ê khu-ōe hoān-ûi mā sī āu-lâi chhī-tìn-hiong (市鎮鄉) ê ki-chhó͘.\n\nTī 1945 nî, thong Tâi-oân ū 11-ê chhī, 67-ê ke, kap 197-ê chng, siōng-bóe chi̍t pái kái-tōng sī 1944 nî Tâi-tang-thiaⁿ ê Pi-lâm-chng (卑南庄) hùi-chí, pēng ji̍p Tâi-tang-ke.\n\nChham-khó bo̍k-lio̍k\n--------------------\n\n* 中越榮二 (1937) 臺灣市制街庄制逐條解釋 (*Tâi-oân Chhī-chè Ke-chng-chè Ta̍k-tiâu Kái-sek*)\n* Ông Thiam-teng (王添灯) (1931) 臺灣市街庄政之實際 (*Tâi-oân Chhī-ke-chng-chèng chi Si̍t-chè*)\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú (臺灣總督府) (1945) 昭和二十年 臺灣統治槪要 (*Chiau-hô 20 Nî Tâi-oân Thóng-tī Khài-iàu*)\n\nSiong-koan bûn-chiong\n---------------------\n\n* Ke chng siā hiong [zh]","meta":{"title":"Chhī-ke-chng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[296,1419,0.20859760394644117],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1723}} -{"text":"\n**Lé-pài** sī chi̍t khoán sî-kan tan-ūi, tī hiān-tāi thong-iōng ê sǹg-hoat lāi-bīn, chi̍t lé-pài sī 7 kang ê ì-sù. Lâng nā kóng \"lé-pài\", ū-sî sī jīn-hô liân-sio̍k ê 7 kang; mā ū-sî sī kong-iōng ê sin-le̍k téng-bīn chiàu pâi ê lé-pài chiû-kî.\n\nGí-goân\n-------\n\n\"Lé-pài\" chit-ê tan-gí, sī tùi Ki-tok-kàu \"chò lé-pài\" ê kui-lu̍t só͘ hō--lâi. Tû-liáu \"lé-pài\" í-goā, \"chiu\" (周, 週) kap \"seng-kî\" (星期) mā sī kâng-khoán ì-sù.\n\n7 kang ê miâ\n------------\n\nChi̍t lé-pài ê 7 kang sī lé-pài-it, lé-pài-jī, lé-pài-saⁿ, lé-pài-sì, lé-pài-gō͘, lé-pài-lak, kap lé-pài-ji̍t. Thong-sio̍k it-poaⁿ tiâⁿ kóng pài-it, pài-jī kàu pài-lak; nā lé-pài-ji̍t it-poaⁿ tio̍h ka-ta kóng \"lé-pài\".\n\nTī Ji̍t-pún-oē kap Hân-kok-oē, sī ēng \"chhit-iāu\" (七曜), ia̍h tio̍h sī Ji̍t, Goe̍h, Hoé, Chúi, Bo̍k, Kim, Thó͘ chò 7 kang ê miâ; chhan-chhiūⁿ pài-ji̍t kiò \"ji̍t-iāu-ji̍t\" (日曜日), pài-it tio̍h hō \"goe̍h-iāu-ji̍t\" (月曜日). Chá-kî Tiong-kok mā ēng koè chit khoán hō-miâ.\n\nTī Oa̍t-lâm-oē, lé-pài-ji̍t sī kóng *Chủ nhật*, sī \"chú ji̍t\" ê í-sù; nā pài-it sī kóng *Thứ Hai*, sī \"tē jī\" ê ì-sù, āu-piah sòa teh sǹg.\n\nChit khoán ê \"Chú Ji̍t\" (主日) hō-miâ, oa-ná sī chi̍t kóa Ki-tok-tô͘ tùi lé-pài-ji̍t ê kiò-hoat.","meta":{"title":"Lé-pài (sî-kan)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[88,1242,0.07085346215780998],"infobox":["
    Chi̍t lé-pài ê 7 ji̍t
    \n
    \nPài-it
    Pài-jī
    Pài-saⁿ
    Pài-sì
    Pài-gō͘
    Pài-la̍k
    Lé-pài-ji̍t
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1375}} -{"text":"**Sin-pak Sán-gia̍p Hn̂g-khu** (新北產業園區), khah-chá kiò **Gō͘-kó͘ Kang-gia̍p-khu** (五股工業區), tī Tâi-oân Sin-pak-chhī Gō͘-kó͘-khu kap Sin-chng-khu, sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Keng-chè-pō͘ Kang-gia̍p-kio̍k só͘ chhòng-pān ê kok-ka-kip kang-gia̍p-khu.\n\nŪi-tio̍h beh chek-ke̍k hoat-tián kang-gia̍p, chhiok-chìn tē-hng hoân-êng kap hoat-tián, hit-tang-chūn ê Tâi-pak-koān Chèng-hú (taⁿ ê Sin-pak-chhī Chèng-hú) tit-tio̍h Hêng-chèng-īⁿ he̍k-chún, tī 1984 nî 1 goe̍h i-kì *Chióng-lē Tâu-chu Tiâu-lē* ê kui-tēng, khai-hoat Gō͘-kó͘ Kang-gia̍p-khu. Chi̍t hong-bīn iông-la̍p jī-têng so͘-hông-tō ê ha̍p-hoat kang-tiûⁿ thiah-chhian-hō͘ sú-iōng, chi̍t hong-bīn thê-kiong heng-pān kang-gia̍p jîn chò-ûi kiàn-chhiúⁿ iōng-tē, lâi so͘-kái kang-gia̍p iōng-tē ê su-kiû. Chhú-gōa, hit-tang-chūn ê Tâi-pak-koān Chèng-hú tī chit-ê kang-gia̍p-khu lāi siat-li̍p liáu Kang-siong Tián-lám Tiong-sim, thê-kiong chi̍t ê kok-chè-kip tián-lám tiûⁿ-tē hō͘ chāi-tē ê chhiúⁿ-siong. 2011 nî 4 goe̍h iû Sin-pak-chhī Chhī-tiúⁿ Chu Li̍p-lûn chhut-bīn hia̍p-tiau, tī hit-nî 6 goe̍h chhe 1 kái-miâ Sin-pak Sán-gia̍p Hn̂g-khu.\n\nSin-pak Sán-gia̍p Hn̂g-khu ê sán-gia̍p chióng-lūi kóng-hoàn, kí-hoân si̍t-phín, pháng-chit, ka-kū, ìn-soat, sok-hòa, tiān-chú, ki-hāi téng-téng lóng-chóng ū, iōng-tē chha-put-to oân-choân khai-hoat oân-pit, sin-chìn chhiúⁿ-siong chi̍t tē lân kiû. M̄-koh, chòe-kīn cha̍p tang, in-ūi sán-gia̍p choán-hêng kap gōa-î iân-kò͘, hân-tì thó͘-tē ko-ta̍t 45.92 kong-khéng, siong-tong î 2 chō Tāi-an Sim-lîm Kong-hn̂g, 5 chō Tōa Kī-tàn.","meta":{"title":"Sin-pak Sán-gia̍p Hn̂g-khu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1515,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1711}} -{"text":"\n\n| Pòaⁿ-tō-théchong-tìchè-chō |\n| --- |\n| |\n| MOSFET scaling(process nodes) |\n| \n* 010 µm – 1971 nî\n* 006 µm – 1974 nî\n* 003 µm – 1977 nî\n* 1.5 µm – 1981 nî\n* 001 µm – 1984 nî\n* 800 nm – 1987 nî\n* 600 nm – 1990 nî\n* 350 nm – 1993 nî\n* 250 nm – 1996 nî\n* 180 nm – 1999 nî\n* 130 nm – 2001 nî\n* 090 nm – 2003 nî\n* 065 nm – 2005 nî\n* 045 nm – 2007 nî\n* 032 nm – 2009 nî\n* 022 nm – 2012 nî\n* 014 nm – 2014 nî\n* 010 nm – 2016 nî\n* 007 nm – 2018 nî\n* 005 nm – 2020 nî\n\n |\n| Bī-lâi\n* 003 nm – *~2022 nî*\n |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n**180 nāi-bí chè-têng** (Eng-gí: *180 nm process*), mā hō-chò **0.18 bî-bí chè-têng** (*0.18 µm process*), sī pòaⁿ-tō-thé chè-chō chè-têng ê chi̍t ê chúi-pêng, tāi-iok tī 1999 nî kàu 2000 nî chó-iū ta̍t-sêng. Che sī iû hit-tang-chūn ê léng-sian pòaⁿ-tō-thé kong-si Intel, Texas Instruments, Tâi-chek-tiān kap IBM só͘ oân-sêng. Chi̍t-kóa CPU chi̍t khai-sí sī iû chit-ê chè-têng só͘ chè-chō. Kî-tiong pau-koat Intel Pentium III chhú-lí-khì. Che sī tē-it ê kau-tō tn̂g-tō͘ pí the̍h-lâi kng-khek ê kng pho-tn̂g khah sè ê chè-têng.","meta":{"title":"180 nāi-bí chè-têng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[397,906,0.4381898454746137],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1158}} -{"text":"Tsah-ū tshau-siá sok-siá-sû [en] ê 15 sè-kí latin-gú tshiú-kó bûn-pún sī-lē.\n**Sok-siá-sû** (ing-gú: abbreviation; lâi-tsū latin-gú ê \"brevis\", i sī teh piáu-sī \"té\" ê ì-sù; **sok-lio̍k-sû**, **kiám-pit**, **lio̍k-gú**) sī jīm-hô hong-huat ê tan-sû hi̍k-tsiá té-gú ê sok-siá hîng-sik. Sok-siá-sû khó-lîng iû tsi̍t-tsoo uì tan-sû hi̍k-tsiá té-gú ê uân-tsíng pán-pún tang-tiong thê-tshú ê jī-bó hi̍k-tsiá tan-sû sóo tsoo-sîng; pí-jû, tan-sû abbreviation pún-sin ē-tàng iōng sok-siá-sû, sok-siá,sok-lio̍k-sû hi̍k-tsiá sok-kán-sû tíng-tíng lâi piáu-sī; koh-lâi AKP, tō sī piáu-sī ài (su-iàu), khang (bē-sái), pak (pak-tóo bē-sái tsia̍h mi̍h-kiānn), tsē sī tsi̍t-ê kán-tan ê i-liâu tsí-līng. Sok-siá-sû iah ē-tàng kan-na pau-hâm thâu jī-bó, thâu jī-bó hām tan-sû hūn-ha̍p, hi̍k-tsiá teh līng-guā tsi̍t-tsióng gú-giân lāi-té ê tan-sû hi̍k jī-bó (pí-jû i.e. (he tō sī) hi̍k-tsiá RSVP (tshiánn huê-hok)). Ū tsi̍t-kuá luī-hîng ê sok-siá sī thâu jī-bó ê thâu-jī-gí (ū tsi̍t-kuá ē-tàng huat-im, ū tsi̍t-kuá thâu sī thâu jī-bó sok-siá) hi̍k-tsiá gú-huat tsuan-mn̂g gú-sû sok-siá hi̍k-tsiá gú-sû ê guân-im ê sok-ha̍p (pí-jû latin-gú ê \"coopia\" sok-ha̍p tsò \"copia\"). Tsóng kóng sok-lio̍k-sû tō sī thong-kuè jīm-hô tsia--ê hong-huat, hi̍k-tsiá kî-thann ê hong-huat sóo tsìn-hîng sok-té ê gú-sû piáu-sī\n\nBô kāng-khuán luī-hîng ê sok-siá-sû\n-----------------------------------\n\nThâu tsi̍t-ê jī-bó ê sok-siá sû, tsi̍t-kuá-á tan-sû tē-it ê jī-bó sok-siá sû, ti̍k-pia̍t ê sok-lio̍k sû, kah \"guân-im sok-lio̍k sû\" (crasis) tíng-tíng tsia--ê kong-lîng lóng ū kiōng-hióng tsi̍t-kuá gú-gī hām gú-im ê kong-lîng, lî-tshiánn sóo-ū ê tsia--ê 4-ê iōng-huat lóng thong-kuè su̍t-gú \"sok-lio̍k-gú\" lâi liân-hē in-ê gú-huat ti̍k-ting.:p.167\n\nSiú jī-bó sok-siá sû sī thong-kuè phing-tshut ta̍k ê jī-bó jî-lâi huat-im ê sok-siá, pí-jû teh ing-gú sú-iōng ê huān-lē: FBI (/ˌɛf.biːˈaɪ/), USA (/ˌjuː.ɛsˈeɪ/), IBM (/ˌaɪ.biːˈɛm/), BBC (/ˌbiː.biːˈsiː/); teh bân-lâm-gú ū GTJ (guā-tshenn-jîn), PHB (put-bîng hui-hîng bu̍t-thé) TTKh tō-tān (tē-tuì-khong tō-tān [en]), KhTT tō-tān (khong-tuì-tē tō-tān [en]) tíng-tíng.\n\nGú-sû ê siu-sok sī thong-kuè síng-kiám ū tsi̍t-kuá-á jī-bú hi̍k-tsiá im-tsiat lâi kiám-tsió tan-sû hi̍k-tsiá té-gú ê tn̂g-tōo. In-tshú, sok-lio̍k-gú ê tsi̍t-ê tsú-tsi̍p. Thong-siông, m̄-kù pīng-hui tsóng--sī tsi̍t-lo̍h-khuán, sok-siá pau-kuat tē-it ê hām tsuè-āu tsi̍t-ê jī-bó hi̍k-tsiá guân-sòo. Sok-siá ê huān-lē ū \"ti'tiān\" (tāi-piáu \"tiān-tiān\"), \"khiâi\" (tāi-piáu \"khí-lâi\") kah \"beh khì tà\" (tāi-piáu \"beh khì tó-uī\").\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"brevis/breve, brevis M – Latin is Simple Online Dictionary\". *www.latin-is-simple.com* (ēng Eng-gí). 29 March 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ Ritter, R M (2005). *New Hart's Rules: The handbook of style for writers and editors* (ēng Eng-gí). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198610410. OCLC 225098030.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* tē-tuì-khong tō-tān [en]\n* khong-tuì-tē tō-tān [en]\n* Hoat-lu̍t sok-siá-sû chhing-tan [en] (Huat-lu̍t sok-siá-sû tshing-tan/List of legal abbreviations)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource has the text of the 1911 *Encyclopædia Britannica* article ***Abbreviation***. |\n\nKhì Wiktionary chhâ \n***abbreviation*** chit ê sû.\n\n* Media related to Abbreviation at Wikimedia Commons\n* Acronyms teh DMOZ\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85000072\n* GND: 4000158-1\n* BNF: cb11947909z (data)\n* NDL: 00569819\n* NKC: ph127640\n* BNE: XX524425\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Sok-siá-sû","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[642,3183,0.20169651272384542],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3866}} -{"text":"Sin-ka-pho ê chhài-chhī-á.\n**Chhī-tiûⁿ** sī chò seng-lí bé-bē ê só͘-chāi. Nā ū lâng ū sán-phín beh bē, in kiám-chhái tō ē siat-li̍p 1 ê chò bé-bē ê tē-tiûⁿ. Bé kap bē ê hoa̍t-tōng sī keng-chè ki-pún-tek ê ūn-chok. Tī chhī-tiûⁿ--ni̍h, kiong-kip chham su-kiû tit-tio̍h pêⁿ-pāng, kè-siàu tī chit tiong-kan thè bé kap bē ê lâng chí-sī chhut kiong-kip kap su-kiû ê chêng-hóng.\n\nKhah khoah-bīn lâi kóng, chhī-tiûⁿ pēng bô tiāⁿ-tio̍h ài ū si̍t-thé ê tē-tiûⁿ, thàu-koè thong-sìn, pí-lūn tiān-oē, bāng-lō͘ kap thong-phoe, kāng-khoán ē-tàng chih-chiap bé-bē, te̍k-pia̍t sī kim-iông kau-e̍k, chhin-chhiūⁿ kó͘-phiò kap goā-huē t.t. ki-pún-tek tō bô kò͘-tēng ê tē-tiûⁿ teh ko͘-thong chih-chiap, chóng--sī che iû-goân sī keng-chè-ha̍k só͘ tēng-gī ê chhī-tiūⁿ ūn-chok.\n\nM̄-nā chhī-tiûⁿ bô tiāⁿ-tio̍h ū si̍t-thé, kau-e̍k ê kheh-thé, mā hoān-sè sī bô-hêng ê ho̍k-bū iah khè-iok, che, lán iû-goân kóng-chò ū in ê chhī-tiûⁿ.\n\nKèng-cheng\n----------\n\nNā chún bē-mi̍h ê lâng bô-hoat-tō͘ thê-kiong siau-hùi-chiá beh ti̍h ê mi̍h, iah-chiá-sī kè-siàu siuⁿ koân, pa̍t-ê seng-lí-lâng tō thang thê-kiong hit-ê huè-mi̍h. Tng-tong pa̍t-ê bē-mi̍h ê lâng chìn-ji̍p chit hāng mi̍h ê chhī-tiûⁿ liáu-āu, in-ūi kèng-cheng, in ē khah ài ēng khah kē ê kè-siàu lâi bē, seng-lí-lâng/bē-mi̍h ê lâng bô kah-ì kèng-cheng, in ē siūⁿ pān-hoat mài ū kèng-cheng, án-ne tō ē-tàng tit-tio̍h in goân-té bô-châi-tiāu the̍h-tio̍h ê lī-sûn, iā in-ūi án-ne, hoat-lu̍t ē kui-tēng kìm-chí siau-tû kèng-cheng ê kiâⁿ-pàng.","meta":{"title":"Chhī-tiûⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1469,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1708}} -{"text":"Amis-cho̍k\n**Amis-cho̍k** sī Tâi-ôan ê 1-ê gôan-chū-bîn-cho̍k. \"Amis \"sī Puyuma-cho̍k ê ōe, ì-sù sī \"khiā tī pak-pêng ê lâng \". Sui-bóng ū chin-chē Amis-cho̍k-lâng í-keng chiap-siū chit-ê miâ, m̄-koh mā ū lâng bô ài chit-ê pa̍t-ê cho̍k-kûn kā in hō ê miâ, in kā ka-tī hō-chò **Pangcah** ( ho·-im: Pāng-cha̍h ).\n\nAmis-cho̍k ū hun-chò Pak-pō·-kûn, Tiong-pō·-kûn kap Lâm-pō·-kûn. Pak-pō·-kûn ū \"Lâm-sì ( 南勢 ) Amis, Tiong-pō·-kûn ū Siù-ko·-lôan-khe ( 秀姑巒溪 ) Amis kap Hái-hōaⁿ Amis, nā Lâm-pō·-kûn ū Pi-lâm ( 卑南 ) Amis kap Hêng-chhun ( 恆春 ) Amis.\n\nKin-kì 2003-nî ê thóng-kè, Amis-cho̍k jîn-kháu ū 14-ban-gōa, sī hiān-chú-sî Tâi-ôan siōng-tōa ê gôan-chū-bîn-cho̍k.\n\nKhiā-khí ê khu-he̍k\n-------------------\n\nAmis-cho̍k-lâng tōa-hūn lóng khiā tī pêⁿ-iûⁿ, kan-taⁿ chi̍t-sut-á lâng khiā tī soaⁿ-kheⁿ lāi-té.\n\nTâi-tang-chhī ( 台東市 ) sī Amis-cho̍k jîn-kháu siōng-chē ê só·-chāi, koh lâi sī Hoa-lian Kong-ho̍k-hiong( 花蓮光復鄉 ), Kit-an-hiong ( 吉安鄉 ), Tâi-tang-kōan ( 台東縣 ) ê Tang-hô-hiong ( 東河鄉 ) kap Sêng-kong-tìn ( 成功鎮 ).\n\nAmis-cho̍k lóng khiā tī Tiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng ê tang-pêng, Li̍p-bū-khe ( 立霧溪 ) lâm-pêng, kui-ê khu-he̍k iân Thài-pêng-iûⁿ hái-hōaⁿ kiâⁿ, pau-koat Hoa-tang-chhiòng-kok ( 花東縱谷 ) kap Tang-hái-hōaⁿ pêⁿ-iûⁿ. In khiā ê só·-chāi lóng-chóng ū Tâi-tang-kōan ê Tang-hô ( 東河 ), Tî-siāng ( 池上 ), Koan-san ( 關山 ), Tn̂g-pin ( 長濱 ), Sêng-kong ( 成功), Pi-lâm ( 卑南 ), Tâi-tang-chhī ( 台東市 ), Hoa-lian-kōan ( 花蓮縣 ) Sin-siâⁿ ( 新城 ), Kit-an ( 吉安 ), Siū-hong ( 壽豐 ), Hōng-nâ ( 鳳林 ), Kong-ho̍k ( 光復 ), Hong-pin ( 豐濱 ), Sūi-sūi ( 瑞穗 ), Gio̍k-lí ( 玉里 ), Hù-lí ( 富里 ), Pîn-tang-kōan ( 屏東縣 ) ê Bó·-tan ( 牡丹 ), Bóan-chiu ( 滿州 ) téng-téng 19-ê hiong, tìn, chhī.\n\nCho̍k-kûn\n---------\n\nAmis-cho̍k chiàu khu-he̍k, hong-sio̍k kap khiuⁿ-kháu cheng-chha, thang hun-chò ē-kha chit-kúi-ê cho̍k-kûn:\n\n* **Pak-pō·-Amis**\n\nKhiā tī Hoa-lian-kōan ê Hōng-nâ í-pak, it-ti̍t kah Hoa-lian-chhī, mā kiò-chò Lâm-sì Amis ( 南勢阿美 ), Siū-hong-hiong kap Kit-an-hiong lóng sǹg Pak-pō·-kûn.\n* **Tiong-pō·-Amis**\n\nIn-ūi hō· Hái-hōaⁿ-soaⁿ-lêng ( 海岸山脈 ) keh--khui, koh hun-chò Hái-hōaⁿ Amis ( 海岸阿美) kap Siù-ko·-lôan-khe khe-piⁿ ê Siù-ko·-lôan-khe Amis ( 秀姑巒溪阿美 ). Hái-hōaⁿ Amis pau-koat Hong-pin ( 豐濱 ) kap Tōa-káng-kháu( 大港口 ). Nā Siù-ko·-lôan-khe Amis tō pau-koat Sūi-sūi ( 瑞穗 ) kap Kî-bí ( 奇美 ).\n* **Lâm-pō·-Amis**\n\nKhiā tī Tâi-tang-pêⁿ-iûⁿ ( Hôa-gí: 台東平原 ) hù-kīn，mā hō-chò Tâi-tang Amis ( 台東阿美 ). Chit-kûn pau-koat Tâi-tang-chhī, Má-ní ( 馬爾 ) kap、To·-lân ( 都蘭 ) chit-ko·-ûi-á.\n\nChhut-miâ-lâng\n--------------\n\nTâi-ôan ū chiâⁿ-chē chhut-miâ ê ūn-tōng-ôan sī Amis, chhin-chhiūⁿ Tiong-hôa Chit-gia̍p Iá-kiû Liân-bêng ê Tân Gī-sìn ( 陳義信 ), Iông Kài-jîn ( 陽介仁 ), Ông Kong-hui ( 王光輝 ), Tân Kim-bō· ( 陳金茂 ), Tēⁿ Hēng-thó· ( 鄭幸土 ), Ông Kong-hi ( 王光熙 ), N̂g Tiong-gī ( 黃忠義 ) kap ji̍p-khì Ji̍t-pún chit-gia̍p iá-kiû ê Koeh Gôan-tī ( 郭源治) lóng-sī Amis. Koh ū chìn-chêng kap chit-má phah chit-gia̍p nâ-kiû ê Tēⁿ Chì-liông ( 鄭志龍 ), Chu Chì-chheng ( 朱志清 ), N̂g Chhun-hiông ( 黃春雄 ) 、Chiân Bî-koan ( 錢薇娟 ) mā lóng-sī Amis-cho̍k-lâng.\n\nSiā-hōe kap bûn-hòa\n-------------------\n\n* **Bú-hē-siā-hōe**\n\nNā seng mài khòaⁿ ta̍k-pō·-lo̍k ê cheng-chha, it-poaⁿ kóng--khí-lâi, thôan-thóng ê Amis siā-hōe sī bú-hē-siā-hōe, kìⁿ-nā chhù--ni̍h ê tōa-sè-hāng tāi-chì lóng sī cha-bó-lâng chò chú-chhâi, châi-sán mā sī cha-bó-lâng kè-sêng. Kan-taⁿ pō·-lo̍k ê chèng-tī-o̍ah-tāng, phah-la̍h kap lia̍h-hî chiah sī cha-po·-lâng ê khang-khòe. Só·-í tī Amis ê ka-têng cha-bó-lâng tiāⁿ khah khiàng-kha, cha-po·-lâng soah hō· lâng kám-kak khah sūn-chêng.\nKhah chá ê sî-tāi, Amis ê cha-po·-lâng lóng-sī hō· lâng chio--ê, mā ū hun-ia̍h ( 婚役 ) ê koan-liām, tō-sī kè-chhōa liáu-āu tio̍h thè lú-hong gī-bū chò-sit kúi-go̍eh-ji̍t kàu 1, 2-tang. Tī Amis ê siūⁿ-hoat lāi-té, hō· lâng chio sī êng-kng ê tāi-chì, cha-po·-lâng ē-tàng thàn chit-ê ki-hōe hō· lú-hong chhù--ni̍h ê seng-o̍ah koh khah hó. M̄-koh in-ūi siū-tio̍h Hàn-jîn ê éng-hióng, taⁿ Amis siā-hōe lāi-té hō· lâng chio mā hán-tit ū--ah, chhù--ni̍h ê keng-chè mā ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á pìⁿ-chò cha-po· teh hōaⁿ, bú-hē-siā-hōe ê te̍k-chit liâu-liâu-á bô chhiūⁿ í-chêng hiah bêng.\n* **Nî-hòe Kai-kip cho·-chit**\n\nAmis siā-hōe lēng-gōa 1-ê te̍k-sû ê só·-chāi sī giâm-keh ê nî-hòe Kai-kip cho·-chit. Cha-po·-gín-á 13, 14-hòe ê sî, tio̍h ka-ji̍p chi̍p-hōe-só· chiap-siū chiâⁿ-chò cha-po·-lâng ê hùn-liān. Chi̍p-hōe-só· lāi-té ēng 2-hòe kàu 5-hòe chò 1-ê kai-kip, kāng-1-ê kai-kip ê cha-po·-gín-á chò-hóe o̍h mi̍h-kiāⁿ, chò-sit kap seng-o̍ah mā chò-hóe, koh tâng-chê tòa tī chi̍p-hōe-só· lāi-té. Nā ū po-chióng kap chhù-ho̍at mā ēng kai-kip chò tan-ūi. Hō· kai-kip koh khah ba̍t-cha̍t, chit-khóan nî-hòe kai-kip cho·-chit sī î-chhî kui-sì-lâng--ê.\nChit-má chit-ê chè-tō· í-keng bô--khì-a, m̄-koh ta̍k-tang ê Ilisin ( khī-khek ê ì-sù, m̄-koh Hàn-jī kóng-chò hong-nî-chè; 豐年祭 ) iû-gôan chiàu thôan-thóng ê nî-hòe Kai-kip cho·-chit teh pān, lâi kā thôan-thóng ê seng-o̍ah kap koa-bú ê hùn-liān thôan--lo̍h-khì.\n\nThôan-thóng ê chè-lé\n--------------------\n\n* **Miladis ( Misacepo, Kumoris )**\n\nHàn-jîn kā kiò-chò Lia̍h-hî-chè ( Hôa-gí: 捕魚祭 ). Pak-pō·-Amis kā hō-chò **Miladis**, Hái-hōaⁿ-Amis kā hō-chò **Misacepo**, Siù-ko·-lôan-khe-Amis kā hō-chò **Kumoris**.\nChò ê sî-kan sī tī Ilisin chìn-chêng, m̄-koh ta̍k-só·-chāi bô-kâng, chha-put-to sī tī 6-go̍eh kàu 8-go̍eh tiong-kan. Chit-ê chè-lé piáu-sī 1-tang í-keng kòe--ah. Thôan-thóng ê hong-sek sī ēng ū-to̍k ê tîn ( 籐 ) lâi thāu hî, chit-má kái ēng bāng-á ko·, tiàu-hî.\nChit-ê o̍ah-tāng kan-taⁿ ún-chún cha-po·-lâng chham-ka.\n* **Ilisin**\n\n**Ilisin** ê ì-sù sī khī-khek, siōng-chá sī thàu-kòe chit-ê o̍ah-tāng tiám-tuh siáu-liân chit-chúi, ài ē-kì-tit téng-chúi ê kà-sī kap khī-khek. Chóng--sī chit-má soah pìⁿ-chò Amis ê kòe-nî.\nChit-má ê hong-sek, sī ta̍k-nî ê 7-go̍eh-tiong, ùi Tâi-tang ê Amis-cho̍k khí-kó·, ǹg pak-pêng pàng-phōaⁿ it-ti̍t pān--kòe, kah Hoa-lian Kit-an-hiong ê sî chha-put-to sī 8-go̍eh-té he̍k-chiá-sī 9-go̍eh-chhe.\nKin-kì Tafalong ( Hàn-jī miâ kā hō-chò 大巴塱 ) ê Nakao Eki ê kì-lo̍k, tī Ji̍t-pún-sî-tāi, Ilisin lóng-sī tī kū-le̍k 9-go̍eh lâi pān--ê, Ji̍t-pún-lâng lâi liáu-āu, in-ūi chè-lé ê sî-kan óa tī go̍eh-niû siōng îⁿ ê sî, kā hō 1-ê Ji̍t-gí-miâ hō-chò 月見祭.\nAū--lâi Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng chèng-hú cháu-hóan lâi Tâi-ôan, ēng chè-lé sî-kan ha̍k-hāu ài siōng-khò chò lí-iû, choaⁿ-á kā sî-kan the̍h-chá kàu sin-le̍k 8-go̍eh, koh kā chè-lé lēng-gōa hō-miâ kiò-chò Hong-nî-chè ( 豐年祭 ).\nIlisin pún-té kan-taⁿ cha-po·-lâng ē-tàng chham-ka, cha-bó-lâng kap gín-á tio̍h kah siōng-bóe hit-kang chiah ē-tàng chham-ka, m̄-koh chit-má lú lâi lú chhìn-chhái--ah.\nIlisin ū choan-tô· ê koa, ta̍k-ê nî-hòe kai-kip koh ū in ka-tī ê koa, éng-kòe chè-koa pêng-siông-sî-á sī bē-ēng-tit chhiùⁿ--ê, chit-má mā khah bô hiah giâm-keh--ah.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hêng-chèng-īⁿ ū sêng-jīm | Amis-cho̍k (Pangcah)   Tayal-cho̍k   Bunun-cho̍k   Kanakanavu-cho̍k   Kavalan-cho̍k   Paiwan-cho̍k   Puyuma-cho̍k   Rukai-cho̍k   Saaroa-cho̍k   Sakizaya-cho̍k   Saisiyat-cho̍k   Seediq-cho̍k   Tao-cho̍k   Thao-cho̍k   Truku-cho̍k   Tsou-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Tē-hng ū sêng-jīm | Makatao-cho̍k (Pîn-tong-koān)   Siraya-cho̍k (Tâi-lâm-chhī)   Taivuan-cho̍k (Hoa-liân-koān Hù-lí-hiong) |\n| |\n| Koaⁿ-hong bô sêng-jīm | Babuza-cho̍k   Basay-cho̍k   Hoanya-cho̍k   Kaxabu-cho̍k   Ketagalan-cho̍k   Kulon-cho̍k   Luilang-cho̍k   Papora-cho̍k   Pazeh-cho̍k   Qauqaut-cho̍k   Taokas-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ hun-lūi | Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k   Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k   Formosa-lâng |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Pangcah","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[774,7172,0.1079196876742889],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8630}} -{"text":"Chóng-pō͘ tī Bí-kok New York Chhī ê Liân-ha̍p-kok sī thong-sè-kài siōng toā ê kok-chè goā-kau cho͘-chit.\nGer van Elk, *Symmetry of Diplomacy*, 1975, Groninger Phok-bu̍t-koán (Groninger Museum) siu-tsông.\n**Goā-kau** sī thoân-thé iah kok-ka tiong-kan chò tâm-phoàⁿ ê gē-su̍t kap kiâⁿ-pàng, it-poaⁿ-tek sī chí kok-chè goā-kau, iā-tō-sī thàu-koè choan-gia̍p goā-kau-koaⁿ hō͘-siong hia̍p-tiau lâi chhú-lí kok-chè koan-hē ê sū-bū, chiah-ê hē-hāng pau-koat kóng-hô, bō͘-e̍k, chiàn-cheng, keng-chè kap bûn-hoà. Kok-chè tiâu-iok tī ta̍k kok ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t he̍k-chún chìn-chêng, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī goā-kau-koaⁿ tāi-seng thâi-khiau-chhâ.\n\nSû-goân\n-------\n\n\"Goā-kau\" chit-ê sû sī Hô chè Hàn-gí, ì-sù sī tùi goā ê kau-sia̍p iah kau-óng, nā Se-kok bûn-jī pí-lūn Eng-bûn ê \"diplomacy\", i ê sû-goân sī Hi-lia̍p-gí ê \"diploma\", chit-ê sû ê ì-sù sī \"tùi-áu\". Tī Kó͘-tián Hi-lia̍p-bûn--ni̍h, \"diploma\" sī chí pan hō͘ oân-sêng khò-têng ha̍k-si̍p ê lâng ê chèng-su, che it-poaⁿ sī tùi-áu--ê. Tī Lô-má Tè-kok ê sî-tāi, \"diploma\" chit-ê jī sī chí chèng-sek ê lú-hêng bûn-kiāⁿ, chhin-chhiūⁿ hiān-chhú-sî ê hō͘-chiàu, thang thong-koè sio̍k-tī tè-kok ê tō-lō͘, chit khoán lú-hêng bûn-kiāⁿ khêng-si̍t sī 2 phìⁿ ū khàm ìn ê kin-sio̍k pang. Āu--lâi, chit-ê ì-sù hùn-khoah, piàn-chò chí pa̍t-ê chèng-sek bûn-kiāⁿ, pí-lūn kap goā-kok pō͘-cho̍k chhiam-sú ê tiâu-iok téng-téng.\n\nSe-goân 1700 nî ê sî, Hoat-kok-lâng kā in phài-khì goā-kok ê kong-sài thoân hō-chò \"diplomatique\" thoân, 1796 nî chit-ê jī keng-koè Edmund Burke ê sú-iōng hō͘ Eng-gí chhái-chhú, chiâⁿ-chò \"diplomacy\".\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Diplomacy*** |","meta":{"title":"Goā-kau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[55,1590,0.03459119496855346],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1872}} -{"text":"Tī liōng-chú bu̍t-lí-ha̍k kap lia̍p-chú bu̍t-lí-ha̍k, **spin** sī ki-pún lia̍p-chú, ho̍k-ha̍p lia̍p-chú (hadron), kap goân-chú-hu̍t só͘ kōaⁿ ê chi̍t chióng lāi-chāi ê kak-ūn-tōng-liōng (角運動量). Spin chit ê sû sī túi Eng-gí ê \"spin\" ti̍t-chiap chioh--lâi, ì-sù sī \"îⁿ-îⁿ-gô\".\n\nSpin sī liōng-chú le̍k-ha̍k tiong nn̄g chióng kak-ūn-tōng-liōng ê sī kî-tiong chi it, só͘-í ū-sî choân-chheng **spin kak-ūn-tōng-liōng**, lēng-gōa chi̍t-ê sī **kúi-tō kak-ūn-tōng-liōng** (軌道角運動量). Kúi-tō kak-ūn-tōng-liōng operator tiō siong-tong î kó͘-tián le̍k-ha̍k tiong mi̍h-kiāⁿ teh tńg-se̍h ê kak-ūn-tōng-liōng; po-hâm-sò͘ tī khong-kan tiong sûi kak-tō͘ piàn-hòa ê sî, kúi-tō kak-ūn-tōng-liōng tiō ē chhut-hiān. M̄-kò spin bô-kâng, i bô tāi-piáu lia̍p-chú si̍t-chè tī khong-kan tiong ū teh tńg-se̍h, kán-ná Tē-kiû teh chū-choán ia̍h-sī kan-lo̍k teh gô. Spin sī lia̍p-chú pún-sin só͘ kū-pī--ê, kap i ê tiān-hō, chit-liōng sio-kāng.\n\nTiān-chú ê spin kak-ūn-tōng-liōng ê chûn-chāi sī iû si̍t-giām thui-lūn--chhut-lâi, chhiūⁿ-kóng Stern–Gerlach si̍t-giām. M̄-kò che mā ē-sái iû lí-lūn thui-lūn--chhut-lâi, phì-lūn-kóng spin thóng-kè tēng-lí ia̍h-sī Pauli bô-chò-hóe goân-lí (Pauli 無做伙原理).\n\nŪ chi̍t-kóa lia̍p-chú, chhiūⁿ photon, in ê spin tī sò͘-ha̍k siōng ē-tàng iōng hiòng-liōng lâi piáu-ta̍t. Kî-tha ê lia̍p-chú, chhiūⁿ tiān-chú, in ê spin ài iōng spinor ia̍h-sī bispinor lâi piáu-ta̍t.","meta":{"title":"Spin","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1395,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1594}} -{"text":"Ing-gí Wikipedia Screenshote ê tiâu-bo̍k toh-bīn pán-ia̍h, teh 2019-nî 1-gue̍h tshe-2 ê îng-bōo tse̍t-tôo.\nTiān-náu îng-bōo tse̽t-tôo hián-sī.\n**Screenshot** (îng-bōo tse̽t-tôo, **tsiat-tôo**, îng-bōo tse̍t-tshú uē-bīn; ing-gú: screenshot, screen capture hi̍k-tsiá screen grab) sī uì tēn-náu tse̍t-tshú ê hén-sī teh îng-bōo ia̍h-sī kî-thañ hén-sī siet-pī tíng-kuân ê sī-kak iáñ-siōng. It-puañ tse̍t-tôo e-sai iû tshau-tsok hē-thóng ia̍h-sī tsuan-iōng ê tsẻt-tôo nńg-thé tse̍t-tshu, mā ē-sái lī-iōng guā-pōo siet-pī pí-lû sòo-uī hip-siòng-ki (digital camera) lâi liap-iáñ. Tse̍t-tôo mā hun tsīng-thài tsẻt-tôo kah tōng-thài tse̍t-tôo; tsīng-thài tsẻt-tôo ē-sái tit-tio̍h tsi̍t-ê tiám-tīn-tôo tóng-àn, pí-lû BMP, PNG, JPEG. Koh-lâi, teh tōng-thài tsẻt ē-sái tit-tio̍h tōng-thài ê GIF tôo-phìñ, ia̍h-sī tsi̍t-tuān iáñ-phìñ tóng-àn. Tsẻt-tôo ê bo̍k-tik it-puañ lâi-kóng sī uî-tio̍h tén-sī bóo-tsióng tsōng-thài hā ê tîng-sū kài-bīn tôo-sī, ia̍h-sī thong-sìn nńg-thé tiong bûn-gī tuì-uē ê lāi-iông, iû-hì tiûñ-kíng ê tíng-tíng.\n\nTse̽t-tôo ki-khá\n----------------\n\n### Sòo-uī ki-su̍t\n\nTē-it ê îng-bōo tse̽t-tôo sī tī 1960-nî tsó-iū sú-iōng tē-it tâi kau-hōo-sik tiān-náu tíng-kuân sóo tshòng-kiàn ê.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ North, Lauren. \"What Is A Screenshot?\". *TechSmith*. 19 February 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ Matthew Allen (November–December 2016). \"Representing Computer-Aided Design: Screenshots and the Interactive Computer circa 1960\". *Perspectives on Science*. 8 January 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Sò͘-ūi siòng-ki (sòo-uī siòng-ki, sòo-uī hip-siòng-ki; sòo-má hip-siòng-ki, sòo-má siòng-ki; eng-gí: digital camera; hàn-gí: 數位相機, 數碼相機)\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* Print Screen for Microsoft (Eng-gí)\n* Screen Capture teh DMOZ (Eng-gí)\n* What is a screenshot? (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Screenshot","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[485,1692,0.28664302600472813],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2007}} -{"text":"\nAbraham Bosse oē--ê \"Leviathan\" ê thâu-iah chhah-tô͘.\n***Leviathan, The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil***, it-poaⁿ kiò-chò ***Leviathan***, sī Thomas Hobbes só͘ tù, tī 1651 nî chhut-pán ê chheh. I ê chheh-miâ ê ì-sù, sī \"toā-hái-koài, kàu-hoē kap chhī-bîn kok-ka ê si̍t-thé, hêng-sik kap koan-le̍k\". \"Leviathan\" chit-ê sû, sī ùi Kū-iok Sèng-keng lāi-té tùi toā-hái-koài ê hō-miâ ín--lâi-ê. Chit pún chheh thó-lūn siā-hoē kap ha̍p-hoat chèng-hú ê kiat-kò͘, hō͘ lâng tòng-chò sī siā-hoē khè-iok lí-lūn siōng chá mā siōng ū éng-hióng-le̍k ê tù-chok--ni̍h ê 1 pún. I ê chhut-pán-chiá sī Andrew Crooke, iā tō sī Andrew Crooke and William Cooke hoé-kì ê 1 ê. \n\nTī chit pún chheh--ni̍h, Thomas Hobbes chú-tiuⁿ ài ū siā-hoē khè-iok, kap 1 chióng choa̍t-tùi chú-koân ê thóng-tī, i tī chheh--ni̍h siá-kóng hùn-loān kap lāi-chiàn, iā tō sī kap chū-jiân chōng-thài hām i chhut-miâ ê kek-giân *Bellum omnium contra omnes* (\"lóng-chóng ê lâng tùi lóng-chóng ê lâng ê chiàn-cheng\") sio-siâng ê chhú-kéng, kan-taⁿ ē-tàng thàu-koè ū-la̍t ê tiong-iong chèng-hú lâi phiah-bián. In-ūi án-ne, Hobbes kū-choa̍t jīn-hô tùi siā-hoē khè-iok ê hoán-poān koân, chit-ê koan-tiám tī āu--lâi hō͘ John Locke siu-siah, m̄-koh siū Jean-Jacques Rousseau ê î-hō͘.\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**en:Leviathan** |\n\n* *Leviathan* chhâ Project Gutenberg\n* Free audio version of books 1 and 2 of *Leviathan* from LibriVox\n* *Leviathan*, choân-bûn kap PDF pán-pún\n* oregonstate.edu soàⁿ-téng choân-bûn\n* earlymoderntexts.com khah hó tha̍k ê pán-pún\n* gradesaver.com hō͘ ha̍k-seng khoàⁿ--ê soat-bêng kap hun-sek","meta":{"title":"Leviathan (chheh)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[415,1669,0.24865188735769922],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1894}} -{"text":"Lîm Seng-siông (chiàⁿ-chhiú-pêng)\n**Lîm Seng-siông** (林生祥, Kheh-gí Pheng-im: Limˇ Senˊ Xiongˇ; 1971 nî 11 goe̍h 25 ji̍t chhut-sì ) sī Ko-hiông-koān Bí-lông-tìn (taⁿ--ê Ko-hiông-chhī Bí-lông-khu)--ê Kheh-ka chhòng-chok koa-chhiú. Bat chhòng-li̍p Koan-á Im-ga̍k-kheⁿ (觀子音樂坑), āu-lâi piàn-chò Kau-kong ga̍k-thoân (交工樂團)), lo̍h-boé tī Seng-siông kap Hiā-iô-kheⁿ 3 (生祥與瓦窯坑3), Seng-siông kap Ga̍k-thoân, í-ki̍p Seng-siông Ga̍k-tūi.\n\nThe̍h-tio̍h Kim-khek-chióng--ê Choè-ka Chok-khek-jîn kap Hui (非) Liû-hêng Im-ga̍k Chok-phín Lūi (類) Choè-ka Chè-chok-jîn--ê chióng, Tē 54 Kài Kim-má-chióng--ê Choè-ka Goân-chhòng Tiān-iáⁿ Im-ga̍k Chióng kap Choè-ka Goân-chhòng Tiān-iáⁿ Koa-khek Chióng téng chióng-hāng.\n\nPōe-kéng\n--------\n\nLîm Seng-siông ko-tiong tùi Tâi-lâm Jī-tiong pit-gia̍p, tāi-ha̍k tī Tām-kang Tāi-ha̍k oân-sêng i ê ko-téng kàu-io̍k ha̍k-ūi. Tī thak tāi-ha̍k ê sî-chūn, i chhòng-li̍p Koan-chú Im-ga̍k-kheⁿ ga̍k-thoân, tī lāi-té tôaⁿ gih-tah kiam chò chú-chhiùⁿ. Chheh thak liáu i to̍h tńg--khì kò͘-hiong Bí-lông, goân-lâi ê Koan-chú Im-ga̍k-kheⁿ ga̍k-thoân kái-cho͘ chò Ōaⁿ-kang Ga̍k-tūi (Kau-kang Ga̍k-tūi), i tī lāi-té tû-liáu kâng-khoán tôaⁿ gih-tah kap chhiùⁿ-koa, mā koh kiam tôaⁿ goe̍h-khîm kap sam-hiân. Āu-lâi, Ōaⁿ-kang Ga̍k-tūi mā kái-sòaⁿ, Lîm Seng-siông ōaⁿ cho͘ chi̍t-ê ga̍k-thoân kiò Seng-siông kap Hiā-iô-kheⁿ 3, i tī lāi-té tôaⁿ gih-tah koh chhiùⁿ-koa, ga̍k-thoân bóe-á ū hoat-piáu chi̍t tiuⁿ choan-chip, \"Lîm-àm.\"","meta":{"title":"Lîm Seng-siông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1426,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1622}} -{"text":"Sái teh Tâi-pak-chhī Koân-chian-lō͘ ê To̍k Tâi Huē suan-thuân tshia-tuī (hip teh 2007-nî )\n**To̍k-li̍p Tâi-uân Huē** (To̍k Tâi Huē; poj: To̍k Tâi Hoē; hàn-gú: Taiwan Independence Association (TIA)) Tâi-uân to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng thuân-thé tsi-it, iû Sú-bîng tsāi 1967-nî 6-gue̍h 30-li̍t teh Ji̍t-pún Tang-kiaⁿ tshòng-li̍p-ê. Tû-liáu tsú-tiuñ Tâi-uân bîn-tso̍k tsú-gī, kian-tshî Tâi-uân to̍k-li̍p kiàn-kok guā; mā-sī Tâi-to̍k ūn-tōng tiōng khah tsio khuàñ ê tsó-phài lōo-suàñ tsi thuân-thé, kiông-tiāu siā-huē tsú-gī tsi̍t-ê tsú-tiuñ.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 一九九○年代的基層臺獨運動－一個社會運動的觀點 Archived 2014-02-01 at the Wayback Machine. 國史館學術集刊, 2004\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Tiong-kok hîng-tōng kè-oē [en] (Tiong-kok hîng-tōng kè-uē/China Initiative)\n* Thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì (thài-khong thàm-tshik-khì; eng-gí: space probe)\n* Thài-iông hē gōa hêng-chheⁿ (Thài-iông hē guā hîng-tsheⁿ; eng-gí: exoplanet, extrasolar planet)\n* Chai-hô [zh] (tsai-hô)\n* Pornolab.net [ru]\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* To̍k-li̍p Tâi-uân Huē kuan-hong bāng-tsām: íng-uán ê kik-bīng-tsiá: Sú-bîng kah To̍k-li̍p Tâi-uân Huē","meta":{"title":"To̍k-li̍p Tâi-oân Hoē","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[491,1044,0.4703065134099617],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1231}} -{"text":"Tâi-oân-lâng Chhut-sì-nî (-年) tùi chhù-lāi sú-iōng giân-gí pí-lē--ê tō-pió. Pún-thó͘ gî-giân kiong-tông-thé ū kái-iōng Tâi-oân Hoâ-gí (nâ-soàⁿ)--ê chhu-sè (趨勢). \n*Chu-liāu goân: Hêng-chèng-īⁿ Chú-kè Chóng-chhù 2010 Nî Jîn-kháu kap Chū-the̍h Phó͘-cha*\nEng-kok Cornwall-gí choán kàu Eng-gí--ê piàn-hoà-tô\n**Giân-gú Choán-î** (言語轉移, Eng-gí: language shift), chí 1 ê gí-giân kiong-tông-thé (speech community) kâng-chê kái ēng pa̍t-khoán gí-giân--ê hiān-siōng. Thong-siông lia̍h-choè \"tē-ūi koân\"--ê giân-gí khah ún-tēng, sim-chì chhú-tāi lia̍h-choè \"tē-ūi kè\"--ê.\n\nLē\n--\n\n* Tâi-oân:\n\t+ Tâi-oân Goân-chū-bîn Gí→Hàn-gí\n\t+ Kheh-gí→Hô-ló-oē (Éng-chēng-hiong téng ūi--ê Hô-ló-kheh)\n\t+ Pún-thó͘ gí-giân→Hoâ-gí (Chiàn-āu--ê Kok-gí Ūn-tōng)\n* Eng-kok kap Ài-ní-lân: Hái-tó Celt Gí→Eng-gí\n* Ji̍t-pún: Ainu-gí, Liû-kiû-gí→Ji̍t-gí\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Gí-giân sí-bông\n* Sí-gú (死語)\n* Gí-giân ho̍k-heng","meta":{"title":"Giân-gú choán-î","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[295,879,0.33560864618885095],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1022}} -{"text":"**Tè-kok-chú-gī** sī 1 chióng kok-ka ê chèng-chhek iah-sī kóng su-sióng. Chhái-chhú chit-khoán chèng-chhek ê kok-ka, ūi-tio̍h beh hoat-tián pún-kok ê bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī, bûn-hoà, chong-kàu kap keng-chè thé-hē, sīm-chì kāng-sî sī ūi-tio̍h beh tit-tio̍h sin ê léng-thó͘ kap thian-jiân chu-goân, choaⁿ-á thàu-koè kun-sū chhiú-toāⁿ, chek-ke̍k-tek chhim-lio̍k pa̍t-ê bîn-cho̍k kap kok-ka.\n\nChit-ê gí-sû goán-té sī chí chū 19 sè-kí tiong-kî khí-kó͘, chhú î-bîn chò chú-iàu bo̍k-tek, khì chhim-chiàm si̍t-bîn-tē ê hêng-tōng, m̄-koh chit-chân le̍k-sú ì-gī lia̍h-goā, chit-ê sû mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hō͘ lâng the̍h lâi tī bûn-ha̍k-tek iah chèng-tī-tek ê hùn-toā-chú-gī chò siu-sû ê sú-iōng.\n\nTû-khì it-poaⁿ ê iōng-hoat, Vladimir Lenin in-ūi si̍t-bîn-tē koh hun-koah só͘ chō-sêng kiông-kok tiong-kan ê chhiong-tu̍t, hi-bāng liân-ha̍p kiōng-sán-chú-gī kek-bēng ê li̍p-tiûⁿ, tī 1916 nî só͘-siá ê Tè-kok-chú-gī Lūn lāi-té, ū kóng-tio̍h \"chiâⁿ-chò chu-pún-chú-gī siōng-koân kai-toāⁿ ê tè-kok-chú-gī\", lâi thó-lūn 20 sè-kí chho͘-kî kah hit-chūn ê hoat-tián, chóng--sī ùi So͘-liân pang-pāi kah taⁿ, chiàu i só͘ kóng ê chē-chē būn-tê siat-tēng ē sán-seng ê hiō-kó tit-tio̍h chiâⁿ--ê si̍t-chāi chin chió, iā lán teh sú-iōng tè-kok-chú-gī chit-ê gí-sû ê sî, tio̍h chiaⁿ chù-ì i tī Marx-Lenin-chú-gī--ni̍h ū i te̍k-sû tēng-gī ē khah hó.","meta":{"title":"Tè-kok-chú-gī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1330,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1518}} -{"text":"**Iô-kún-ga̍k** sī 1950 nî-tāi tiong-kî tī Bí-kok chhut-hiān ê liû-hêng im-ga̍k khoán-sek. Goân-té ê Eng-gí siá-chò *Rock and Roll* ia̍h-sī *Rock'n'Roll*. Chit-ê sû it-poaⁿ-tek beh soat-bêng goân-khí-thâu, sī ēng \"iô\" (*rock*) kap \"liàn/kún\" (*roll*) lâi piáu-hiān im-ga̍k ê khí-lo̍h kap liâu-phah, m̄-koh khêng-si̍t che pún-té sī Bí-kok o͘-lâng ê sio̍k-gí, ì-sù sī sèng-kau he̍k-chiá-sī thiàu-bú.\n\n*Rock and Roll* mā kán-séng kóng *Rock*. Chit-ê kóng-hoat chū iô-kún-ga̍k tú khí-ki ê sî-chūn tō ū lâng leh ēng--ah. 1960 nî-tāi *Rock* ê kóng-hoat piàn phó-phiàn, *Rock and Roll* tian-tó khah hán kóng. Chóng--sī hiān-chhú-sî 2 chióng lóng iáu ū teh sú-iōng.\n\nIô-kún-ga̍k í-keng thoàⁿ khì Bí-kok í-goā ê só͘-chāi, put-chí-á sî-kiâⁿ, āu--lâi sán-seng chē-chē hun-ki, chóng-hō-miâ lâi kóng, phó-thong kiò-chò *rock*. Iô-kún-ga̍k sù-siông ū koa-sû, pán-liâu ki-pún-siōng sī ka-kiông āu-phek-ūi ê boogie-woogie bu-lù-suh. Kiông-phek chha-put-to lóng ū lang-kó͘ (*snare drum*) ê kó͘-siaⁿ.\n\nKó͘-tián ê iô-kún-ga̍k ián-chàu, ū 1 ki ia̍h 2 ki tiān-gí-tah (1 ki chhoā-thâu, 1 ki chò pán-liâu), 1 ki kē-im tiān-gí-tah, kap 1 chou kó͘. Khí-bó͘ mā tiāⁿ ka--ji̍p-lâi chò-hoé. Nā 1950 nî-tâi chá-kî ê iô-kún-ga̍k, khah chia̍p ēng sa-khú-sú-hóng chhoā-thâu, kah 1950 nî-tāi tiong-kî, chiah hō͘ gí-tah thè-oāⁿ--khì. Koh khah chá-kî, tī iô-kún-ga̍k hoat-chó͘ ê khoán-sek--ni̍h, kǹg-khîm chiah sī chhoā-thâu ê ga̍k-khì, sū-si̍t-siōng, iô-kún-ga̍k ê kin-té sī 1940 nî-tāi tī Bí-kok im-ga̍k chiàm-thâu-ūi ê toā-ga̍k-thoân ê boogie-woogie kǹg-khîm ián-chàu.\n\nIô-kún-ga̍k chha-put-to tī choân-sè-kài lóng siū-tio̍h hoan-gêng, iā chū-án-ne tùi siā-hoē ū chám-jiân toā ê éng-hióng. I í-keng m̄-sī tan-sûn ê im-ga̍k khoán-sek, chìn-chi̍t-pō͘-tek, i éng-hióng lán ê seng-oa̍h hong-sek, sî-kiâⁿ chhu-sè, thài-tō͘, kap gí-giân.\n\nRock genre\n----------\n\n* Glam rock\n* Hard rock\n* Progressive rock\n* Punk rock\n* New wave\n* Grunge\n* Heavy Metal\n* Rocabilly","meta":{"title":"Iô-kún-ga̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[71,1853,0.03831624392876417],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2180}} -{"text":"**Provence** (tha̍k \"phu-ló·-baⁿ-suh\") sī Hoat-kok tang-lâm kak ê tē-tāi, chá-chêng sī chi̍t-ê séng. I khiā tiàm Tē-tiong-hái hái-hōaⁿ, tī Hoat-kok kap Italia ê piⁿ-kài. Provence ê liāu-lí, phû-tô-chiú kap phang-hún sī te̍k-pia̍t chhut-miâ ê sán-phin.\n\nProvince, iû-kî Marseille hit-tah-á, siū Hi-lia̍p ûi-chú ê Tē-tiong-hái bûn-hòa éng-hióng. Āu--lâi pìⁿ Lô-má Tè-kok siōng chá tī Se Europa sêng-li̍p ê chi̍t séng. I ê mîa àn Lia̍p-teng-gú *provincia* lâi--ê, ì-sù sī \"séng\".\n\nKiōng-hô-kok ê tiong-iong chèng-hú ūi beh phah-phòa tē-hng ê chèng-tī la̍t, tī 1790-nî hùi-séng, kā thiah chò kúi-nā-ê kōan (*département*) ê hêng-chèng tan-ūi. I ê hōan-ûi iok-lio̍k téng-î hiān-tāi ê Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur hêng-chèng-khu -- Bouches-du-Rhône kōan (13), Vaucluse kōan (84), Alpes-de-Haute-Provence kōan (04), Var kōan (83), Alpes-Maritimes kōan (06) -- koh ke l'Ardèche kōan (07) kap Drôme kōan (26) ê lâm-pêng.\n\nProvence ê khì-hāu siū Tē-tiong-hái éng-hióng, kài-hó.\n\nChú-iàu ê siâⁿ-chhī pau-koat Nice kap Marseille. Provence-gí (*Provençal*) sī thôan-thóng ê bó-gí kap bûn-giân.\n\nJîn-bu̍t\n--------\n\n* Frédéric Mistral\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | *Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ pún-té khan tī holopedia.net.* |","meta":{"title":"Provence","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[65,1118,0.05813953488372093],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1339}} -{"text":"**Keng-chè Ha̍p-chok kap Hoat-tián Cho͘-chit**, Eng-bûn: *Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development*, kán-siá chò: **OECD**, che sī 1 ê 30 ê kok-ka cho͘-li̍p ê kok-chè cho͘-chit. I ê hoē-oân kok lóng chiap-siū chèng-hú chhú bîn-chú ê thé-hē, mā chiap-siū chū-iû keng-chè. Lán kóng nā 1 ê kok-ka ê chèng-hú bô teh khòng-chè i ê kong-bîn kap khì-gia̍p ê keng-chè hoa̍t-tōng, iā chit-ê kok-ka tō sī chhái-chú chū-iû keng-chè.\n\nOECD sī tī 1948 (eh, que alguien me ayude)nî khí-ki--ê, tong-goân-chhoe sī kiò-chò **Au-chiu Keng-chè Ha̍p-chok Cho͘-chit** (Eng-bûn: *Organization for European Economic Co-operation*, OEEC). Hit-tang-chūn Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn tú kiat-sok liōng-kî-io̍k 3 tang, chi̍t-koá Au-chiu kok-ka chò-hoé cho͘-li̍p OEEC thang chhiok-chìn sán-gia̍p téng-téng tī Tāi-chiàn tiong-kan siū sńg-tn̄g ê hē-hāng ê ho̍k-chín. Āu--lâi ū chi̍t-koá hui-Au-chiu ê kok-ka mā ka-ji̍p chit-ê cho͘-chit, m̄-chiah tī 1960 nî ê sî, OEEC kái-miâ, hō-chò OECD, iā tō sī hiān-chú-sî ê \"Keng-chè Ha̍p-chok kap Hoat-tián Cho͘-chit\".\n\nOECD ê chóng-pō͘ tī Paris ê Château de la Muette. Taⁿ OECD ū 33 ê hoē-oân kok, chit lāi-té ū 20 kok sī tī 1960 nî tō ka-ji̍p--ê, in ê miâ-toaⁿ lia̍t tī ē-kha:\n\n1. Tang-kok\n2. Belgien\n3. Canada\n4. Dan-kok\n5. Hoat-kok\n6. Tek-kok\n7. Hi-lia̍p\n8. Peng-tē\n9. Éire\n10. Italia\n11. Luxembourg\n12. Kē-tē-kok\n13. Norge\n14. Phû-tô-gâ\n15. Se-pan-gâ\n16. Sverige\n17. Sūi-sū\n18. Türkiye\n19. Eng-kok\n20. Bí-kok\n\n \n\nĒ-bîn chit 10 kok sī 1960 nî liáu-āu chiah ka-ji̍p--ê, goe̍h-bâi-hō lâi-té sī in ka-ji̍p ê nî-tāi:\n\n1. Ji̍t-pún (1964)\n2. Suomi (1969)\n3. Australia (1971)\n4. New Zealand (1973)\n5. Be̍k-se-ko (1994)\n6. Česko (1995)\n7. Magyar-kok (1996)\n8. Hân-kok (1996)\n9. Polska(1996)\n10. Slovensko (2000)\n11. Chile (2010)\n12. Slovenia (2010)\n13. Í-sek-lia̍t-kok (2010)","meta":{"title":"Keng-chè Ha̍p-chok kap Hoat-tián Cho͘-chit","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[340,1579,0.21532615579480685],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1964}} -{"text":"**Gí-giân hêng-siau** (language marketing) sī kā gí-giân tòng-chò \"sán-phín\", thàu-koè hêng-siau-chhek-lio̍k lâi \"thui-siau\" ê oa̍h-tāng. Gí-giân-hêng-siau goân-chū siā-hoē-hêng-siau (social marketing) ê khài-liām. Thōng chia̍p iōng ê hêng-siau chhiú-hoat sī: sán-phín (product), kè-keh (price), thong-lō͘ (place) kah thui-siau (promotion), chit 4 hāng, it-poaⁿ kā kiò-chò \"hêng-siau ê 4 P\". [1]\n\nThong-chá kā hêng-siau koan-liām èng-iōng tī gí-giân kui-ōe ê lâng sī Jackson (1988) ê sek-sū lūn-bûn \"Ūn-iōng hêng-siau bô͘-sek chìn-hêng gí-giân kui-ōe\" (Language Planning Using a Marketing Model). I jīn-ûi ē-tàng hō͘ gí-giân kui-ōe chham-khó ê hêng-siau koan-liām ū (Jackson 1988:2-3): 1) kā gí-giân tòng-chò sī gí-giân kui-ōe khah khoah ê sán-phín (generic product); 2) í kò͘-kheh ûi-chú ê su-khó; 3) kui-ōe ê sî-chūn ài khó-lū chi̍t-kòa bô-hoat-tō͘ khòng-chè ê in-sò͘ (uncontrollable factors); 4) hêng-siau cho͘-ha̍p (marketing mix) sī ē-tàng khòng-chè ê in-sò͘, pau-koah 4 ê P: sán-phín, thong-lō͘, kè-keh, thui-siau; 5) hêng-siau cho͘-ha̍p e khài-liām tat-tit khǹg ji̍p-khì gí-giân kui-ōe ê kè-kò tang-tiong.\n\nGí-giân-hêng-siau sī báng-kiù gí-giân liû-si̍t ê tiōng-iàu koan-liām. Baker & Jones (1998) ê *Siang-gí hiān-siōng kah siang-gí kàu-iok pek-kho-chôan-su* tio̍h tan-to̍k chiōng gí-giân-hêng-siau liat-chò chi̍t ê chú-tê kài-siāu, in ū liat-chhut gí-giân hêng-siau ê 10 ê kai-tōaⁿ, jû-hā:[2]\n\n1. tēng-gī sán-phín;\n2. tiāu-chā kò͘-kheh ê su-kiû;\n3. tēng-gī chhī-tiûⁿ;\n4. hō͘ sán-phín ê siâⁿ-lâng;\n5. thui-tián sán-phín;\n6. ū-chhek kah hôe-èng hóan-soan-thôan;\n7. sán-phín ê phòe-siau;\n8. kè-keh kah siu-ek;\n9. sán-phín kah hêng-siau chhek-liok ê phêng-ko͘;\n10. tiāu-chéng hêng-siau chhek-liok kah chi̍t-hêng tn̂g-kî ê hêng-siau kè-ōe.\n\nGí-giân hêng-siau ê lē\n----------------------\n\nŪ lú-lâi-lú-chē ê jio̍k-sè gí-giân thui-tián chhái-iōng gí-giân-hêng-siau ê koan-liām. Phí-jû-kóng Niú-se-lân ê Maori chok, Hawaii ê gôan-chū-bîn, Se-pan-gâ ê Catalan kah Basque lóng ū lī-iōng gí-giân-hêng-siau ê hong-ho̍at ho̍k-heng bó-gí [2]\n. Maori gí-giân ê hêng-siau tiōng-tiám khǹg tī thê-seng gí-giân hêng-siōng, kiàn-li̍p gí-giân tiong-sêng-kám kah kó·-lē gí-giân sú-iōng (Nicholson 1997). Maori úi-gôan-hōe bat iōng \"Maori-nî\" thui-tián Maori-gí, ū 3 ê bo̍k-phiau: 1) kó·-lē Maori lâng tī ji̍t-siông seng-o̍ah tiong ha̍k-si̍p kah sú-inog7 Maori gí; 2) o-ló Maori tī Niú-se-lân le̍k-sú kah hiān-tāi siā-hōe ê tē-ūi; 3) hō· Niú-se-lân siā-hōe tāi-chiòng tùi Maori sán-seng hó-kám. Hawaii mā tī siā-khu thui-tián bó-gí ê sú-iōng (Warner 1999). Ūi-tio̍h beh piah-bián chèng-kui kàu-io̍k ê hān-chè, chhòng-chò bó-gí tī siā-khu sú-iōng ê ki-hōe, chit ê kè-ōe tio̍h sú-iōng o̍ah-tang ûi-chú ê hong-hoat ha̍k-si̍p bó-gí, thàu-kòe phah-lúi-kiû, phah-pâi-kiû ê ūn-tōng, sú-iōng bó-gí. Catalan ê \"gí-giân phó·-ki̍p ūn-tōng\" thàu-kòe phiau-gí, pò-khan ê bûn-chiuⁿ, hái-pò kah tiān-sī, tiān-tâi hòng-sàng ê hong-sek lâi thê-seng gí-giân ì-sek, kó·-lē sú-iōng Catalan ê gí-giân, hō· lâng tùi bó-gí sán-seng chiàⁿ-bīn, chek-kip ê thài-tō·.Tâi-ôan Lâm-siā thui-kóng ê \"Tâi-ôan bó-gí-ji̍t\" mā ē-tàng khòaⁿ-chò sī gí-giân-hêng-siau ê lē. Tâi-ôan bô-gí-ji̍t chū 2006 nî khai-sí í-keng chiâⁿ-chò Kàu-iok-pō· thui-tián ê sū-hāng.\n\nGí-giân hêng-siau ê hong-hoat\n-----------------------------\n\nGí-giân-hêng-siau ê hong-hoat ē-tàng hun-chò chēng-thài kah tōng-thāi chit 2 chióng hong-hoat. Chit 2 chióng ē-tàng phòe-ha̍p chìn-hêng, m̄-sī hō͘-siōng pâi-thek ê o̍ah-tāng.\n\nChēng-thāi ê hong-hoat kiông-tiāu sìn-sip ê thôan-sàng, tio̍h-sī kóng ài kái-piàn kò-jîn ê thāi-tō· chiah ē-tàng kái-piān i ê hêng-ûi (Tiuⁿ Chàu-kiû et. al. 1999:88). Soeh-hok sī chēng-thāi o̍ah-tāng thòng chú-iàu ê khang-khòe, ē-tàng thàu-khòe ū éng-hióng-le̍k ê lâng (ka-tiúⁿ, hāu-tiúⁿ, kàu-su, ì-kiàn léng-siù téng lâng), ūn-iōng thôan-pò mûi-thé (ián-káng, sió-chhiú-chheh, gián-sip, chō-tâm, keng-giām hun-hióng, bûn-chiuⁿ, bīn-tùi-bīn ê kau-thong) éng-hióng lán ê kò·-kheh (jî-tông, ka-tiúⁿ, kàu-su). Soeh-hok ê tiōng-tiám ē-tàng khǹg tī \"bó-gí sī pó-kùi ê chu-gôan\", ho·-iok ka-têng tī chhù-nih kóng bó-gí. Cummings & Swain (1986) só· theh-chhut ê \"Siang-gí tio̍h-sī hok-khì \"ê gôan-chek ta̍t-ti̍t thui-kóng. Chit ê gôan-chek ê iōng-ì sī beh hō· \"ha̍k-seng liáu-kái siang-gí ūi-sím-mi̍h kah án-chóaⁿ tùi in ū hó-chhù\", kóng khah kán-tan leh, chiū-sī ài hiòng ha̍k-seng, ka-tiúⁿ kah kàu-su \"tōa-tōa ē soan-thôan siang-gí ê iu-tiám\" (Cummings & Swain 1986:109). Tōng-thāi o̍ah-tang sī í o̍ah-tāng-ūi-chú ê chhek-liok. Chit ê chhek-liok tiōng-sī hêng-ûi ê kái-piàn, ài kái-piàn tùi-siòng ê hêng-ûi liáu-āu, chiah ē-tàng kái-piàn in ê thāi-tō·, só·-í chú-tiuⁿ ài thàu-kòe sī-hōan (model), kâng-pòe ê éng-hióng, chū-ngó·-koan ê kài-pián, ah-sī thàu-kòe hêng-ûi chióng-lē ê hong-hoat lâi kái-piàn hêng-ûi bô·-sek (Tiuⁿ Chàu-kiû et. al. 1999:88). Chìn-hêng tōng-thāi o̍ah-tāng ê hong-sek ū chin chē. Kah gí-giân siong-koan ê kháu-gí o̍ah-tāng, chhin-chhiūⁿ chhiùⁿ-koa, kóng-kò·-sū, ián-hì, ioh-bî-chhai, tak-chhùi-kó·, lóng ē-tàng chiâⁿ-chò o̍ah-tāng ê chiat-bo̍k. Lēng-gōa mā ē-tàng sek-kè chi̍t-kòa iōng bó-gí chìn-hêng tak-ke ē-tàng chò-hóe sńg ê o̍ah-tāng, phí-jû-kóng \"kòe ngó· koan\" ê iû-hì. Siā-khu Bó-gí Chu-gôan-tiong-sim chit ê bāng-chām ū thê-kiong chi̍t-koá-á oa̍h-tāng sek-kè ê lē thang-hó chham-khó.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Tiuⁿ Ha̍k-khiam, Chiong Chhiu-mōe, Siā Chhiong-ūn. 2005. \"Thê-seng bó-gí ha̍k-si̍p tōng-ki\". *2005 nî Kok-chè ha̍k-su̍t-gián-thó-hōe: Gí-bûn ha̍k-si̍p-chiá ê gián-kiù kah hun-sek*. Lâm-tâi Kho-ki Tāi-ha̍k. 2005/122-3.\n2. 1 2 Baker, C. & Jones, S. P. 1998. *Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education*. Multilingual Matters.\n\n* Siā-khu Bó-gí Chu-gôan-tiong-sim\n* Tiuⁿ Chàu-kiû, So͘ Kok-an, Tân Kím-hàn. 1999. O̍ah-tāng thêng-sū: Kè-ōe, chip-hêng kah pêng-kàm. Hiong-káng Siâⁿ-chhī Tāi-ha̍k Chhut-pán-siā.\n* Cummings, J.& Swain, M.1986. Bilingualism in Education. Longman.\n* Hoffmann, C. 1991. An Introduction to Bilingualism. Longman.\n* Nicholson, R. 1997. \"Marketing the Maori Language.\" in Joh Reyhner (ed.), Teaching Indigenou Languages. Northern Arizona University. 206-213.\n* Warner, S. N. 1999. \"Hawaiian Language Regenesis: Planning for Intergenerational Use of Hawaiian Beyond the School. T. Huebner and K. A. Davis (eds.) Sociopolitical Perspectives on Language Policy and Planning in the USA. John Benjamins Publishing Company. 313-332.","meta":{"title":"Giân-gú hêng-siau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1274,6204,0.20535138620245003],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7188}} -{"text":"**Keng-chè sêng-tióng** sī keng-chè-ha̍k-chiá hām kì-chiá chia̍p iōng ê piáu-ta̍t hong-sek, ì-sù sī chi̍t ê kok-ka hit nî-tō͘ kéng-lāi seng-sán chóng-gia̍h tùi-pí óng-nî ê cheng-tióng-lu̍t. Koh-khah it-poaⁿ ê kóng-hoat, keng-chè sêng-tióng ê hâm-gī sī kóng: tī it-tēng ê sî-kan lāi, chi̍t ê keng-chè thé-hē seng-sán lōe-pō͘ sêng-oân seng-oa̍h só͘ su-iàu ê siong-phín kap lô-bū chiâm-chāi seng-sán-le̍k ê khok-tāi. Seng-sán-le̍k ê sêng-tióng chú-iàu iû chi̍t ê kok-ka ê chū-jiân chu-goân ê chē-chió, si̍t-chit chu-pún-lúi sò͘-liōng ê lúi-chek kap chit-liōng thê-seng, jîn-le̍k chu-pún ê lúi-chek, ki-su̍t chúi-chún ê thê-seng í-ki̍p chè-tō͘ khoân-kéng ê kái-siān. In-chhú, keng-chè sêng-tióng mā piáu-sī koat-tēng seng-sán-le̍k ê chē-chē in-sò͘ ê khok-tián kap kái-siān.\n\nChi-chhî keng-chè cheng-tióng ê lâng jīn-ûi i ē-tàng cheng-ka chi̍t ê kok-ka ê châi-hù pēng-chhiáⁿ cheng-ka chiū-gia̍p ki-hōe. Keng-chè chiàⁿ cheng-tióng it-poaⁿ pī khoàⁿ-chò sī chéng-thé keng-chè kéng-khì ê piáu-hiān.\n\nJû-kó chi̍t ê kok-ka ê kéng-lāi seng-sán chóng-gia̍h cheng-tióng sī hū-sò͘, chiū tāi-piáu hit nî ê kéng-lāi seng-sán chóng-gia̍h pí óng-nî kiám-chió, che chiū hō-chò keng-chè soe-thè. Tī thong-siông ê chêng-hóng hā, chí-ū tī kéng-lāi seng-sán chóng-gia̍h liân-sio̍k nn̄g ê kùi-tō͘ chhî-sio̍k kiám-chió, chiah ē hō-chò keng-chè soe-thè.","meta":{"title":"Keng-chè sêng-tióng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1367,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1549}} -{"text":"Tao-cho̍k\nJi̍t-pún sî-tāi ê Tao-cho̍k chú-tê ia̍p-su.\n**Tao** sī tiàm-tī Tâi-oân kûn-tó ê 1-ê goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k. In khiā-khí ê Lân-sū (蘭嶼) tī hiān-chhú-sî ê hêng-chèng-khu sio̍k-tī Tâi-tang-kōan Lân-sū-hiong. Kàu 2003-nî thóng-kè ûi-chí ê jîn-kháu ū 3,000-gōa-lâng, lóng-chóng hun-chò 6-ê chhoan: Âng-thâu (紅頭), Gî-jîn (漁人), Iâ-iû (椰油), Tang-chheng (東清), Lóng-tó (朗島) kap Iá-gîn (野銀).\n\n**Tao** tō-sī \"lâng\" ê ì-sù, sù-siông in mā hō· lâng kiò-chò **Yami**, chit-ê miâ sī Ji̍t-pún ê ha̍k-chiá Torii Ryuzo ( Hàn-jī: 鳥居龍藏) hō--ê, 1995-nî lâi tī Tâi-oân pún-tó ê Tao siàu-liân-lâng sêng-li̍p \"Tao Tông-hiong-hōe\" (達悟同鄉會), khai-sí iau-kiû kā **Yami** kái-chò in gôan-té ê cho̍k-miâ: **Tao**.\n\nTī Tâi-oân tang-lâm gōa-hái ê **Lân-sū-tó** (蘭嶼島), gôan-té hō-chò **Âng-thâu-sū** (紅頭嶼), bīn-chek ū 45 pêng-hong-kong-lí, sī 1-ê hóe-soaⁿ-tó. Tó-sū téng-kôan tōa-pō·-hūn lóng soaⁿ, hō· jia̍t-tài ú-lîm khàm-tiâu leh.\n\nTao cho̍k-lâng thôan-thóng ê jîn-ke-chhù sī pòaⁿ-hiat-ki (半穴居), in-ūi tòa tī hái-tó, in khò lia̍h-hî seng-o̍ah. Ta̍k-tang 3-go̍eh kah 6-go̍eh tòe o͘-hái-chúi siû--lâi ê poe-o͘, sī in siōng-tiōng-iàu ê chia̍h-mi̍h. In mā chèng-choh han-chî, ō·-á kap tai-á-bí.\n\nHái-iûⁿ tī in ê seng-o̍ah lāi-té chin tiōng-iàu, só·-í hî-chûn lo̍h-chúi ê lé mā chiâⁿ-chò Tao-cho̍k 1-tang lāi-bīn chin iàu-kín ê tāi-chì.\n\nTao-cho̍k tī tē-lí-siōng kap kî-thaⁿ cho̍k-kûn keh-khui, in sī Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn lāi-té khah òaⁿ kap Hàn-jîn chiap-chhiok ê 1-cho̍k.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Chng-siā\n\nTorii Ryuzo tiāu-chá ê sî Âng-thâu-sū téng-bīn ū 8-ê chng-siā (*namén*):\n\n| Tao-gí | kî-tha siá-hoat | Ji̍t-pún miâ | Hàn-miâ |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Imouród-namén | ímaorod, imorod | 佐野村 | 紅頭社 |\n| Ivarinu-namén | ívalin | 東丘村 | 銀野社 |\n| Ivariminuk-namén | íranmilek, iranumilek | 清水村 | 東清社 |\n| Dimawáwó-namén† | | 中村 | 舊社 |\n| Irarai-namén | jiraralay, iraraley | 菊地村 | 朗島社 |\n| Yayu-namén | jiayo, yayo | 西陽村 | 椰油社 |\n| Ivatashi-namén‡ | iwatas | 栗村 | 伊瓦塔司社 |\n| Iratai-namén | iratay | 南根村 | 漁人社 |\n\n* †Dimawáwó tī 1929 nî Utusikawa Nenozô (移川子之蔵) tiāu-chá sî í-kêng bô chûn-chāi.\n* ‡Ivatashi tī 1947 nî pēng ji̍p Yayu.\n\nPoe-o͘ bûn-hòa\n--------------\n\nPoe-o͘ ē-sái kóng sī Tao bûn-hòa ê tiong-sim.\n\nTa̍k-nî 3--go̍eh, poe-o͘ lóng ē tòe o͘-hái-chúi siû lâi Lân-sū chit-tah, Tao cho̍k-lâng ē pān Mivanwa, iā-tō-sī chio poe-o͘ lâi kàu-ūi ê chè-lé, chè-lé soah liáu-āu, in tō khai-sí lia̍p poe-o͘, m̄-koh tú-khí-kó· in kan-taⁿ tī àm-sî lia̍h, ēng táⁿ-má-hóe chhiō-kng, lâi siâⁿ hî.\n\nKàu 4-go̍eh, chiah ún-chún ji̍t--î ēng sè-chiah chûn-á tiàu tōa-hî, ōaⁿ àm-sî hioh-khùn, 5-go̍eh kàu 7--go̍eh, tō bô thâu-chêng ê hān-chè, chò lâng tī ji̍t--sî lâi lia̍h, chit-kúi-kò· go̍eh sī siōng bô-êng ê sî-chūn, m̄-koh chit-tōaⁿ sî-kan, in kan-taⁿ lia̍h poe-o͘, kî-thaⁿ ê hî bē-sái lia̍h.\n\nLia̍h--tio̍h ê poe-o͘ nā chia̍h bē-liáu, tio̍h kā pha̍k-koaⁿ, tán 9--go̍eh kòe, chha-put-to Hàn-jîn kòe Peh-go̍eh-cheh liáu-āu, tō bē-sái koh chia̍h poe-o͘--ah, chia̍h bô-liáu--ê lóng tio̍h hìⁿ-sak.\n\nTao tī bô-kāng go̍eh-hūn kui-tēng bô-kāng lia̍h hî ê choh-hoat, tùi seng-thài ū lī-ek, chia̍h poe-o͘ ū sî-kan ê hān-chè, khah bē hō· cho̍k-jîn lia̍h liáu siuⁿ kòe-thâu, éng-hióng poe-o͘ ê seⁿ-thòaⁿ.\n\nTao kā poe-o͘ khòaⁿ-chò sī Thiⁿ siúⁿ hō· in ê sîn-sèng mi̍h-kiāⁿ, só·-í tio̍h chun-chhûn lâi bīn-tùi. Tī in ê sîn-ōe kò·-sū lāi-té siōng-kài tiōng-iàu ê tō-sī poe-o͘ thok-bāng, hit-ê kò·-sū lāi-té ū kóng ta̍k-khóan poe-o͘ beh án-chóaⁿ chia̍h, koh kóng hái-tiùⁿ ê chúi thè liáu-āu, lâng kā lê, hē kap poe-o͘ lām-lām chú lâi chia̍h, kiat-kó seⁿ lia̍p-á phòa-pēⁿ, kò·-sū ū tiám-tú **mavaeng so panid**( Tao-gí ê o͘-si̍t poe-o͘) kā Tao cho̍k-lâng thok-bāng ài in chò chè-lé, in mā thàu-kòe chōe-chōe khī-khek, têng-koh kā in kap chū-jiân ê koan-hē kiàn-li̍p--khí-lâi.\n\nTao tùi ta̍k-khóan hî-á ( Tao-gí: among ) lóng koan-chhat kah chin iù-lō·, tùi alibangbang ( Tao-gí: poe-o͘) koh khah chù-tiōng. In kin-kì ta̍k-khóan poe-o͘ lâi ê sî-kan, chē-chió, tōa-sè lâi hun-lūi, pēng-chhiáⁿ ū bô-kāng-khóan ê chia̍h-hoat.\n\n* **Sosowon** (Tao-gí: pe̍h-si̍t poe-o͘) sī poe-o͘ lāi-té siōng-chá lâi--ê, in kah-ì kng.\n\n* **Kalalaw** ê si̍t téng-kôan ū thô-sek ê tiám, ū-sin ê hū-jîn-lâng bē-ēng-tit chia̍h, bô ē seⁿ-chhut gâu seⁿ pùi-á ê eⁿ-á, m̄-koh in khah sè-chiah, gín-á ē chia̍h-tit.\n\n* **Mavaeng so panid**( Tao-gí: o͘-si̍t poe-o͘) chin hán ū, tio̍h ēng táⁿ-má-hóe lâi lia̍h, m̄-koh bē-sái ēng hòe lâi hang, bô chia̍h liáu ē seⁿ lia̍p-á.\n\n* **Papataon** ( Tao-gí: si̍t ū kiô-á-sek pan-tiám ê poe-o͘) ji̍t--sî ēng hê-á kap hē ê bah lâi tiàu, chit-khóan poe-o͘ siōng-chia̍p khòaⁿ.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ 鳥居龍蔵原著/楊南郡譯註 (1996). *探險台灣*. 遠流. ISBN 957-32-2852-1.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hêng-chèng-īⁿ ū sêng-jīm | Amis-cho̍k (Pangcah)   Tayal-cho̍k   Bunun-cho̍k   Kanakanavu-cho̍k   Kavalan-cho̍k   Paiwan-cho̍k   Puyuma-cho̍k   Rukai-cho̍k   Saaroa-cho̍k   Sakizaya-cho̍k   Saisiyat-cho̍k   Seediq-cho̍k   Tao-cho̍k   Thao-cho̍k   Truku-cho̍k   Tsou-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Tē-hng ū sêng-jīm | Makatao-cho̍k (Pîn-tong-koān)   Siraya-cho̍k (Tâi-lâm-chhī)   Taivuan-cho̍k (Hoa-liân-koān Hù-lí-hiong) |\n| |\n| Koaⁿ-hong bô sêng-jīm | Babuza-cho̍k   Basay-cho̍k   Hoanya-cho̍k   Kaxabu-cho̍k   Ketagalan-cho̍k   Kulon-cho̍k   Luilang-cho̍k   Papora-cho̍k   Pazeh-cho̍k   Qauqaut-cho̍k   Taokas-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ hun-lūi | Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k   Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k   Formosa-lâng |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tao Cho̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1702,5092,0.33424980361351136],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6279}} -{"text":"\n\nPang-bô͘:Infobox animanga/MediaMix\n\nPang-bô͘:Infobox animanga/MediaMix\n\nTiān-sī tōng-ōe\n**Gôan-tio̍h**\n 渡航\n \n\n **Kàm-tok**\n 吉村愛\n \n\n **Kio̍k-pún Thóng-tiû**\n 菅正太郎\n \n\n **Jîn-bu̍t Siat-tēng**\n 進藤優\n \n\n **Im-ga̍k**\n 石濱翔、MONACA\n \n\n **Tōng-oē Chè-chok**\nBrain's Base\n**Chè-chok**\n果然製作委員會搞錯了、TBS電視台、BS-TBS\n**Tāi-lí Hoat-hêng**\nJi̍t-pún ê kî-á 日本Geneon環球娛樂 \nFlag of the Republic of ChinaHiong-káng 普威爾國際\n**Hòng-sàng Tiān-sī-tâi**\nJi̍t-pún ê kî-á 參照播放電視台\n\n**Kî-taⁿ Tiān-sī-tâi：**\nTāi-hân Bîn-kokFlag of the Republic of ChinaHiong-káng Animax\n\n**Hòng-sàng Sî-kan**\n 2013年4月4日－6月27日\n \n\n **Báng-lō͘**\nBí-kok ê kî-áLiân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê kî-á Crunchyroll\n**Chi̍p-sò͘**\n 全13話+OVA\n**Pán-khoân**\n**©**2013 WATARU WATARI, SHOGAKUKAN/OREGAIRU PRODUCTION COMMITTEE\n \n\nTiān-sī tōng-ōe\n**Gôan-tio̍h**\n 渡航\n \n\n **Kàm-tok**\n 及川啓\n \n\n **Kio̍k-pún Thóng-tiû**\n 菅正太郎\n \n\n **Jîn-bu̍t Siat-tēng**\n 田中雄一\n \n\n **Im-ga̍k**\n 石濱翔、高橋邦幸\n \n\n **Tōng-oē Chè-chok**\nfeel.\n**Chè-chok**\n果然製作委員會搞錯了。續、TBS電視台\n**Hòng-sàng Tiān-sī-tâi**\nJi̍t-pún ê kî-á 參照播放電視台\n**Hòng-sàng Sî-kan**\n 2015年4月2日－6月25日\n \n\n **Chi̍p-sò͘**\n 全13話+OVA(2016年10月發售）\n \n\n|}\nPang-bô͘:Infobox animanga/MediaMix\nPang-bô͘:Infobox animanga/Game\nPang-bô͘:Infobox animanga/Game\n|}\n|-\n|Pang-bô͘ soat-bêng\n|}\n***Yahari Ore no Seishun Love Comedy wa Matigatteiru.*** (Ji̍t-pún-gí: やはり俺の青春ラブコメはまちがっている。) sī Watari Wataru kap Ponkan8 ê Kheng-siáu-soat.\n\n\n\n1. ↑ \"My Teen Romantic Comedy SNAFU\". *TBS Program Catalog* (ēng Eng-gí). TBS電視台. 2013-03-26 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Yahari Ore no Seishun Love Comedy wa Matigatteiru.","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[817,1920,0.42552083333333335],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Yahari Ore no Seishun Love Comedy wa Matigatteiru.
    tóng-àn:果然我的青春戀愛喜劇搞錯了250.jpg
    やはり俺の青春ラブコメはまちがっている。
    My youth romantic comedy is wrong as I expected.
    Kanaやはりおれのせいしゅんラブコメはまちがっている.
    Lô-má-jīYahari Ore no Seishun Rabu Kome wa Machigatteiru.
    Lūi-hêng校園、喜劇\n

    Pang-bô͘:Infobox animanga/name

    \nKhin-sió-soat
    Chok-chiá\nWataru Watari
    Chap-tô͘\nPonkan8
    Chhut-pán\nShogakukan
    Tùi-siōng\nMale
    Bûn-khò͘\nGagaga Bunko
    Liân-chāi\n2011 nî 3 goe̍h 18 ji̍t – chit-má
    Chip-sò͘\n11 + 3 short story collections (List of volumes)
    \nBàng-gah
    Yahari Ore no Seishun Rabu Kome wa Machigatteiru. -Monologue-
    Chok-chiá\nRechi Kazuki
    Chhut-pán\nSquare Enix
    Demographic\nSeinen
    Cha̍p-chì\nBig Gangan
    Original run\n2012 nî 9 goe̍h 25 ji̍t – present
    Volumes\n6
    \nBàng-gah
    \nBàng-gah
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1706}} -{"text":"Jī-lâm.\n**Jī-lâm**(𡨸喃; Chữ Nôm), mā kiò-tsò **Lâm-jī**(喃字), sī kóo-tsá tī Ua̍t-lâm sóo thong-hîng kah sú-iōng ê bûn-jī. Jī-lâm kā Hàn-jī tòng-tsò ki-tshóo, iōng hîng-sing, huē-ì kah ké-tsioh ê hong-sik lâi tshòng-tsō kah tsè-tīng. Jī-lâm sī tsuan-bûn the̍h lâi su-siá Ua̍t-lâm-gí ê bûn-jī, i tī gí-bûn siōng ê tē-uī tō tshin-tshiūnn Hân-gí ê ko-lê-jī kah Ji̍t-gí ê kana kāng-khuán.\n\nIú-kuan Jī-lâm siōng tsá ê li̍k-sú kì-lo̍k, sī tsū 11 sè-kí khai-sí. Jī-lâm guân-pún tiānn-tiānn the̍h lâi kì-lo̍k lâng-miâ kah tē-miâ, āu-lâi sú-iōng lú lâi lú phóo-phiàn, sîng-uî Ua̍t-lâm ka-kī ti̍k-iú ê kok-ka kah bîn-tso̍k bûn-huà. Tī 14 sè-kí ê Ôo tiâu kah 18 sè-kí ê Se-san tiâu sî-tāi, Jī-lâm tsiām-tsiām tī tsìng-hú kuann-hong ê bûn-su lāi-té tshut-hiān, sîng-uî Ua̍t-lâm bûn-ha̍k ê tiōng-iàu sán-bu̍t.\n\nJī-lâm ê kòo-tsō tsú-iàu sī tsi̍t ê Hàn-jī piáu-sī ì-sù, ka-siōng tsi̍t ê Hàn-jī piáu-ta̍t huat-im. Pí-jû kóng \"𡨸\" tsit jī, tō sī ūn-iōng hîng-sing sóo tshòng-tsō tshut-lâi ê; tang-tiong, \"宁\" ê pōo-hūn piáu-ta̍t huat-im, \"字\" ê pōo-hūn piáu-sī ì-sù, iā tō sī \"bûn-jī\" ê Jī-lâm siá-huat. Iáu-m̄-koh, Jī-lâm bô tsin thóng-it ê siá-huat, tsi̍t ê Kok-gí-jī khó-lîng ū bô kāng-khuán ê Jī-lâm tuì-ìng; pí-jû \"Chữ\" tō ū \"𡨸\" ia̍h-sī \"𡦂\" tíng tsē-tsē khuán siá-huat.\n\nTsū 19 sè-kí, Ua̍t-lâm khai-sí hōo Huat-kok thóng-tī; Huat-kok thui-kóng sú-iōng Kok-gí-jī, kìm-tsí Jī-lâm. Jī-lâm in-tshú tsiām-tsiām siau-sit. Tī Jī-lâm huat-tián ê kuè-tîng tang-tiong, sui-jiân thóng-tī-tsiá ū sú-iōng ê kì-lo̍k, tān-sī in-uī bô ka-siōng kàu-io̍k ê tsi-tshî, sóo-í it-puann ê Ua̍t-lâm jîn-bîn kin-pún bē-hiáu tha̍k. Koh ka-siōng bô kuann-hong ê tsíng-lí kah thóng-it, Jī-lâm ê sú-iōng tsōng-hóng hui-siông hūn-luān. 1867 nî, kái-kik jîn-sū Ńg Tiông-tsó͘(阮長祚) thê-tshut huì-tû Hàn-bûn, thui-tōng Jī-lâm ê piau-tsún-huà hong-àn, hō-tsò \"**Kok-im Hàn-jī**\"(國音漢字); m̄-koh, Ńg-i̍k-tsong huán-tuì.","meta":{"title":"Jī-lâm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1870,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2160}} -{"text":"Tong liû-thé (pí-lūn-kóng khong-khì kap chúi) lâu-kòe chi̍t-ê bu̍t-thé ê sî, ē tī bu̍t-thé piáu-bīn sán-seng ap-le̍k, chia--ê ap-le̍k hun-pò· (*distribution*) it-poaⁿ lâi kóng lóng chin ho̍k-cha̍p, nā-sī keng-kòe chek-hun (Hàn-jī: 積分), ē-tàng tit-tio̍h chi̍t-ê ha̍p-le̍k, chit-ê ha̍p-le̍k ē-tàng hun-chò nn̄g-ê hong-hiòng, kap liû-thé kâng hong-hiòng--ê hō-chò chó·-le̍k, khiā-ti̍t (Hàn-jī: 垂直)--ê hō-chò phû-le̍k, iōng hâng-khong-ha̍k siong-koan--ê su̍t-gí lâi kóng tio̍h-sī **seng-le̍k**, iā-chiū-sī hō· hui-hêng-khì seng-khong ê le̍k-liōng.\n\nSeng-le̍k kap e̍k-phò·-bīn\n--------------------------\n\nNā-sī beh thó-lūn seng-le̍k, chiū ài liáu-kái e̍k-phò·-bīn.\n\nHui-hêng-ki su-iàu seng-le̍k, lú-tōa lú-hó, tông-sî chó·-le̍k ài lú-sè lú-hó. E̍k-phò·-bīn sī jîn-lūi só· chai-iáⁿ ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ tang-tiong, ē-tàng tī-leh sán-seng seng-le̍k ê sî, ū siāng-sió chó·-le̍k ê hêng-thé.\n\nSeng-le̍k ê lí-lūn\n------------------","meta":{"title":"Seng-le̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,901,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1066}} -{"text":"Tī jîn-kang sîn-keng bāng-lō͘ tiong, múi chi̍t ê sîn-keng-goân kā i-ê su-ji̍p chiàu khoân-tāng ka--khí-lâi liáu-āu thoân-sàng hō͘ **kek-oa̍h hâm-sò͘** (*activation function*). Nā-sī sîn-keng-goân ū *n* ê su-ji̍p {\\displaystyle x\\_{1},x\\_{2},...x\\_{n}}, ah sîn-keng-goân ê su-chhut chiū sī {\\displaystyle a=g(w\\_{1}x\\_{1}+w\\_{2}x\\_{2}+w\\_{3}x\\_{3}+...w\\_{n}x\\_{n}+b)}, kî-tiong {\\displaystyle g} chiū sī kek-oa̍h hâm-sò͘. Ká-sú hâm-sò͘ *g* sī sòaⁿ-sèng hâm-sò͘ {\\displaystyle g(z)=z}, sîn-keng-goân tiō sī chò sòaⁿ-sèng hôe-kui ia̍h sòaⁿ-sèng hun-lūi. Thong-siông *g* sī chi̍t ê hui-sòaⁿ-sèng hâm-sò͘, chò hui-sòaⁿ-sèng hôe-kui ia̍h chhú-lí m̄-sī sòaⁿ-sèng thang-hun-lī ê hun-lūi būn-tê. Nā *g* sī sò͘-ti̍t tī 0 kàu 1 ia̍h -1 kàu 1 ê \"s\" hêng hâm-sò͘, sîn-keng-goân ê su-chhut sò͘-ti̍t thang pī kái-soeh chò chi̍t ê jī-goân koat-tēng būn-tê. Ēng ū khah tōa bî-hun sò͘-ti̍t ê kek-oa̍h hâm-sò͘ chhin-chhiūⁿ ReLU lâi tāi-thè páu-hô \"s\" hêng kek-oa̍h hâm-sò͘ ē-tàng hùn-liān koh-khah chhim ê bāng-lō͘.","meta":{"title":"Kek-oa̍h hâm-sò͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1020,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1128}} -{"text":"So Ji-sub.\n**So Ji-sub** (소지섭, 1977/11/04 tshut-sì) sī tsi̍t uī Lâm Hân tsa-poo ián-uân. Tsò gû-á-khòo ê model liáu-āu, i khai-sí tshut-miâ, tsiām-tsiām piàn-sîng tiān-sī-kio̍k ê lâm-tsú-kak. I ián-tshut kuè tiān-sī-kio̍k *I'm Sorry, I Love You*, *Cain and Abel*, *Phantom* kah *Master's Sun*, iáu-koh ū tiān-iánn *Rough Cut*. So Ji-sub mā bat huat-hîng kuè hip-pop EP.\n\nSing-pîng\n---------\n\nTsiàu So Ji-sub i ka-kī ê kóng-huat, i siàu-liân sî-tsūn sī tsi̍t ê tsin pì-sù ê gín-á; sóo-í, i kā ka-kī hùn-liān sîng tsi̍t uī tsuan-gia̍p ê siû-tsuí suán-tshiú. I kóng ka-kī ē piàn-sîng bîng-tshenn, uân-tsuân sī ì-guā. I pún-lâi ē siūnn beh tsò model, tsí-sī siūnn kóng ē-sái kah hip-pop kua-tshiú Kim Sung-jae kìnn tsi̍t bīn niā-niā, bô siūnn kàu suah tī 1995 nî hōo lâng suán tsò STORM gû-á-khòo huē-siā ê model. Suà--lo̍h-khì, i koh tsham-ka hí-kio̍k *Three Guys and Three Girls* kah tiān-sī-kio̍k *Model* ê ián-tshut. Iáu-m̄-koh, siong-tuì kāng-khuán huē-siā ê Song Seung-heon huat-tián liáu tsin sîng-kong, i suah bô-siánn-mih sîng-kó, tsí ē-tàng ián tsi̍t-kuá sió kak-sik. It-ti̍t kàu 2002 nî ián-tshut tiān-sī-kio̍k *Glass Slippers* ê phuè-kak liáu-āu, i tsiah khai-sí siū-tio̍h tiōng-sī.\n\nTsū 2004 nî khai-sí, i tsiām-tsiām tián-hiān tshut i ê ián-hì tsâi-lîng, tī *What Happened in Bali* ián-tshut phuè-kak. I siūnn kóng ka-kī ing-kai ē kè-sio̍k án-ne tsò hú-tsōo-hîng ián-uân; m̄-koh, i keh-tńg-nî tī *I'm Sorry, I Love You* ián-tshut pi-kio̍k jîn-bu̍t, hong-tōng Hân-kok kah tsuân A-tsiu. I āu-lâi mā piáu-sī kóng i ka-kī kám-kak tsit nn̄g tshut sī i ián-hì sing-gâi tiong, siōng hó ê hì-kio̍k tsok-phín. 2004 nî kàu 2007 nî, i khì tsò-ping. Tsò liáu ping, i huê-kui ián-gē sū-gia̍p, liâm-mi ián-tshut Jang Hoon tō-ián ê tiān-iánn *Rough Cut*. In-uī i tâu-tsu tsi̍t tshut ka-kī ê tiān-iánn, sóo-í tuā-bē liáu-āu thàn beh-tsió tsînn.\n\n2009 nî, So Ji-sub khai-sí tâu-ji̍p Ji̍t-pún kah Tiong-kok ê ián-gē tshī-tiûnn, hun-pia̍t ián-tshut *GeGeGe no Kitaro 2: Kitaro and the Millenium Curse* kah *Sophie's Revenge* nn̄g tshut hì-kio̍k. I liâm-mi koh tńg-khì Hân-kok ián-tshut *Cain and Abel*. 2010 nî, So Ji-sub huat-piáu i ê siòng-phìnn ji̍t-kì *So Ji-sub's Journey*; tī tsit pún ji̍t-kì tang-tiong, kì-lo̍k i ka-kī tshut-tō 13 tang í-lâi sóo huat-sing kuè ê tuā-sè hāng tāi-tsì. Iû tsit pún ji̍t-kì, ē-sái liáu-kái pîng-siông-sî tsin pì-sù ê i, tī bô-kāng sî-kî sim-lāi ê tsióng-tsióng kám-siū. Tī Gangwon tō, ū īng i ê miâ hō-miâ ê *So Ji-sub lōo*. Sin-uî tsi̍t ê hip-pop ê ài-hònn-tsiá, So Ji-sub mā ū huat-piáu kuè EP. 2013 nî, So Ji-sub ián-tshut gî-sîn-gî-kuí ê tiān-sī-kio̍k *Master's Sun*.","meta":{"title":"So Ji-sub","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2433,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2896}} -{"text":"Editorial from a 1921 issue of *Photoplay* recommending that readers not watch a film, which featured nude scenes.\n**Siā-lūn** (Bíkok kiò-tsò \"editorial\", tsú-iàu kuan-tiám ê bûn-tsiuñ; hi̍k-tsiá teh Ingkok kiò-tsò \"leader\") sī-iû pò-tsuá, tsa̍p-tsì hi̍k-tsiá jīm-hô kî-thañ su-bīn bûn-kiāñ ê ko-kip pian-tsip jîn-uân hi̍k tshut-pán-siong tsuān-siá ê bûn-tsiuñ, thong-siông bī sú-miâ. Au-tsiu kah Bí-kok ê tsú-iàu pò-tsuá, pí-jū \"New York sî-pò\" (The New York Times) hām \"Boston khuân-kiû sî-pò\" (The Boston Globe [en]), tsia-ê pò-tsuá tiāñ-tiāñ kā siā-lūn kui-luī tsò \"Ì-kiàn\" ê piau-tê.\n\nTshah-tôo siā-lūn khó-lîng iōng siā-lūn bàng-gah [en] ê hîng-sik tshut-hiān. Teh thong-siông ê tsîng-hóng tsi-hā, pò-tsuá ê pen-tsip uí-uân-huē ē phîng-kóo tah-tsi̍t-kuá tuì in-ê to̍k-tsiá liáu-kái pò-tsuá ê ì-kiàn tsiâñ-tiōng-iàu.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Staff (23 May 2012). \"Opinion\". *The New York Times*. 23 May 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ Staff (23 May 2012). \"Opinion\". *The Boston Globe*. 23 May 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ Staff (2012). \"AAEC The Association of American Editorial Cartoonists\". The Association of American Editorial Cartoonists. 23 May 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ Passante, Christopher K. (2007). *The Complete Idiot's Guide to Journalism – Editorials*. Penguin. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-59257-670-8. 21 February 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Thian-chu e̍k-biâu [en] (then-tsu i̍k-biâu/smallpox vaccine)\n* Kâu-chu [en] (kâu-tsu/monkeypox)\n* Palytoxin [en]\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Siā-lūn*** |\n\n* The dictionary definition of *siā-lūn* at Wiktionary\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85040975\n* BNF: cb119542023 (data)\n* NDL: 00571964\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Siā-lūn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[679,1509,0.44996686547382375],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1911}} -{"text":"Goân-siau\n**Goân-siau** (元宵), mā hō chò **siōng-goân** (上元) kap **siōng-goân-mî** (上元暝), sī Tang-a ê 1 ê tiōng-iàu thoân-thóng cheh-ji̍t, sî-kan tī lông-le̍k ê chiaⁿ-goe̍h cha̍p-gō͘.\n\nGoân-siau sī kū-le̍k sin-nî ê thâu-chi̍t-ê goe̍h-îⁿ ê àm-mî. Chit kang sī pài goe̍h-niû kah him-sióng goe̍h-niû ê li̍t-chí, mā tāi-piáu chhun-thiⁿ beh lâi--ah. Koh sī thoân-thóng tēng-gī siōng, sin-nî ê siōng bóe kang. Tī Tiong-kok, Goân-siau ê thoân-thóng sè-sio̍k sī \"ioh bê-chhai\".\n\nHu̍t-kàu ū tī Chiaⁿ--goe̍h cha̍p-gō͘ tiám-teng kiong-hu̍t ê sè-sio̍k. Nā Tō-kàu, kā Siōng-goân khòaⁿ-chò sī Thian-koaⁿ Tāi-tè (Giâu) ê tàn-sîn. \nChiaⁿ--goe̍h cha̍p-gō͘ sī Siōng-goân; Chhit-goe̍h cha̍p-gō͘ sī Tiong-goân; Cha̍p-goe̍h cha̍p-gō͘ sī Hā-goân. Che 3 li̍t hun-pia̍t sio̍k **Thiⁿ**, **Tè** kah **Chúi** ê Saⁿ-koaⁿ Tāi-tè só͘ koán. Siōng-goân sī Thian-koaⁿ ê hôa-tàn, só͘-í ài tiám teng khèng-chiok. Kàu Tông-tiâu kiat-sok chìn-chêng, tiâu-têng lóng sī chèng-sek leh chè-pài.\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nThoân-thóng cheh-ji̍t |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Jī-káu-mê  · Chhun-cheh  · Goân-siau (siōng-goân-mî)  · Chheng-bêng-cheh  · Gō͘-ji̍t-cheh (Toan-ngó͘-cheh)  · Chhit-niû-má-seⁿ (Chhit-sia̍h)  · Chhit-goe̍h-pòaⁿ (Tiong-goân phó͘-tō͘)  · Peh-goe̍h-cheh (Tiong-chhiu)  · Tiông-iông-cheh  · Tang-cheh  · Sàng-sîn |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Goân-siau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[299,1236,0.24190938511326862],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1504}} -{"text":"\n**Tāi-goân** (大元, Bông-kó͘-gí: ᠶᠡᠭᠡ \n ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ \n ᠤᠯᠤᠰ *Их Юань Улс*), mā ū kóng **Goân-tiâu** (元朝), **Ô͘-goân** (胡元) ia̍h **Bông-goân** (蒙元), sī tī 1271 nî kàu 1368 nî thóng-tī chha-put-to hiān-chhú-sî Tiong-kok khu-he̍k ê tè-kok. I tī Sòng-tiâu āu-piah, tī Bêng-tiâu í-chêng. Goân-tiâu ê Bông-kó͘-gí kok-miâ sī **Dayan Yeke Mongɣul Ulus** (Bông-kó͘-gí: ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠩ \n ᠶᠡᠬᠡ \n ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ \n ᠦᠯᠦᠰ *Даян Их Монгол Улс*), chiàu jī-bīn ì-sù sī \"Tāi-goân Tāi Bông-kó͘-kok\". Kî-tiong \"Dayan\" kó-lêng sī Hàn-gí \"Tāi-goân\" (大元) ê im-e̍k, kī-miâ lâi-goân sī *E̍k-keng* lāi-bīn ê \"Tāi chai khiân-goân\" (大哉乾元); mā ū kó-lêng sī \"Chheⁿ-sek Bông-kó͘\" ê ì-sù\n\nChiah ông-tiâu sī Bông-kó͘-cho̍k ê Bông-kó͘ Tè-kok bia̍t-bông Tiong-kok í-hāu kiàn-li̍p--ê. 1368 nî, hō͘ Bêng Thài-chó͘ phài lâng jiok tńg Bô͘-pak.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Б. Сумъяабаатар: Юань гэдэг нэрний учир.\n\nKoh khoàⁿ\n---------\n\n* Goân-tiâu hông-tè\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 3875150325579210090000\n* LCCN: sh85024071\n* GND: 4241585-8\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Goân-tiâu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[523,1301,0.4019984627209839],"infobox":["\n
    Tāi Goân
    大元
    ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠩ
    ᠶᠡᠬᠡ
    ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
    ᠦᠯᠦᠰ
    \n1271 nî–1368 nî
    \n\"Goân-tiâu
    Goân-tiâu ê pán-tô͘.
    Siú-to͘\nKhanbaliq (Pak-kiaⁿ)
    Siōng-to͘ (joa̍h-thiⁿ siú-to͘)
    Chèng-hú\nkun-chú-chè
    Le̍k-sú\n 
    • Kiàn-li̍p
    		\n1271 nî
    • Pang-hoāi
    		\n1368 nî
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    í-chêng kok-ka    		í-āu kok-ka
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"\"Bông-kó͘ Tè-kok
    \"\"Lâm Sòng
    		\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Pak Goân\"\"
    Bêng-tiâu\"\"
    Phagmodrupa Ông-tiâu\"\"
    Taⁿ siok-tī\n\"\" Tiong-kok
    \"\" Bông-kó͘
    \"\" Pak-hân
    \"\" Lō͘-se-a
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1243}} -{"text":"Ûi-thoân-chú ê chó͘-sêng kap ûi-thoân-chú piáu-ta̍t kòe-têng (chin-hu̍t sè-pau).\n**Ûi-thoân-chú** (tek. *gen* \"Óa-im: \"*gen*\"\"; eng. *gene* \"Óa-im: \"*jín*\"\"; jit. 遺伝子) sī seng-bu̍t ê ûi-thoân-thé (*genome*) lāi-bīn ê chi̍t tōaⁿ tì-tòa (*sequence*), sī seng-bu̍t ê ûi-thôan tan-gôan. Seng-bu̍t ê hoat-io̍k kap kok iūⁿ ê piáu-hêng (*phenotype*) sī ûi-thoân-chú kap khôan-kéng kau-hō͘ chok-iōng ê kiat-kó.\n\nToā-hūn ê ûi-thoân-chú sī DNA hun-chú cho͘-sêng--ê. Kî-tiong ū-ê pō͘-hūn ē-sái choán-siá chò mRNA, mRNA koh-lâi ē-sái hoan-e̍k (*translation*) chò nn̄g-pe̍h-chit. Chit-ê kòe-têng sī ûi-thoân-chú piáu-ta̍t (*gene expression*), só͘ chè-chō ê nn̄g-pe̍h-chit kap RNA kiò-chò ûi-thoân-chú sán-bu̍t.\n\nIōng-gí\n-------\n\nKhah goân-sú ê khài-liām sī Gregor Mendel kun-kù i tī 1860 nî-tāi tùi hôe-liân-tāu (*Pisum sativum*) ê gián-kiù só͘ thê-chhut. I hoat-kiàn ū-ê ûi-thoân sèng-chit ū hun-soàⁿ chhut-hiān ê te̍k-sek.\n\nTī 1889 nî, Hugo de Vries tī i ê tì-chok *Intracellular Pangenesis* lāi-bīn sú-iōng \"pangen\" lāi piáu-sī Mendel ha̍k-soat lāi-té ê ûi-thoân tan-goân khài-liām (hit-tong-sî De Vries khó-lêng iáu m̄-chai Mendel ê gián-kiù). Āu-lâi, Wilhelm Johannsen koh kā \"pangen\" kán-lio̍k chò \"gen\", Eng-gí hoan-e̍k chòe \"gene\".\n\n### Tēng-gī būn-tê\n\nÛi-thoân-chú khah kū-sek ê koan-liām sī chi̍t tōaⁿ DNA sū-lia̍t, pún tōaⁿ DNA ē-sài hông choán-siá chò RNA, jî-chhiá chìn chi̍t pō͘ hoan-e̍k chò ē-tàng áu chò tàn-pe̍h-chit chham-ka sè-pau tāi-siā kap kò͘-chō ê polypeptide. M̄-koh chiàu kho-ha̍k siōng tùi ûi-thoân hiān-siōng ê siông-sè liáu-kái lâi kóng, kài-liām siōng hiān-taⁿ \"ûi-thoân-chú\" í-keng chin pháiⁿ chò chhut thóng-it ê tēng-gī, i kun-kù kò-pia̍t ê si̍t-giām su-kiû, tī kò-pia̍t ê gián-kiù lāi-bīn ū ka-tī ê bô sio-siâng ê sú-iōng hong-sek. Chóng-sī ûi-thoân-chú oa-ná thang chò kài-lio̍k-sèng ê ēng-gí, pang-chō͘ kho-ha̍k-ka tîn-su̍t DNA ê seng-bu̍t ki-lêng.\n\nKong-lêng khài-liām kap bu̍t-chit ki-chhó͘\n------------------------------------------\n\nTī kó͘-tián ûi-thoân-ha̍k lāi-bīn, ûi-thoân-chú sī jiám-sek-thé téng-bīn ê ûi-thoân bu̍t-chit, i pún-sin kap kî-tha ê ûi-thoân-chú, koat-tēng liáu seng-bu̍t kò-thé ê khoán-sit (*characteristic*). I tùi-èng chi̍t tōaⁿ ûi-thoân bu̍t-chit, it-poaⁿ sī DNA (pō͘-hūn sī RNA). Chi̍t-ê ûi-thoán-chú ê chē khoán hêng-sek, kiò chò i-ê tùi-ngó͘-chú (alleles), keng-kòe tu̍t-piàn (mutation) ē sán-seng sin-ê tùi-ngó͘-chú khoán-iūⁿ. Chiàu kó͘-tián ì-gī, ûi-thoân-chú ē-tàng tēng-gī chò ē-sài siū têng-cho͘ (recombination) an-pâi he̍k-chiá sī tu̍t-piàn ia̍h khòng-chè it-tēng ki-lêng, ê ûi-thoân chòe-sió tan-goân.\n\nNā tī hun-chú ê koan-tiám lâi kóng ûi-thoân-chú sī sè-pau beh chè-chō RNA he̍k-chiá sī polypeptide sán-bu̍t só͘ su-iàu ê kui lia̍t hu̍t-sng sū-lia̍t, chiàu chit khoán ì-gī, ûi-thoân-chú put-tàn pau-koat tòa bi̍t-bé khu-tōaⁿ ê cistron, mā hâm kî-tha koan-hē khòng-chè choán-siá ê khu-tōaⁿ, chia-ê pō͘ hūn ū khó-lêng kî cistron chin hn̄g. Ûi-thoân-chú ē-tàng hun chò saⁿ khoán: kò͘-chō ûi-thoân-chú (*structural genes*) sī hâm kàⁿ-sò͘ kap kî-thah tàn-pe̍h-chit ê polypeptide ê bi̍t-bé ê ûi-thoân-chú; koh ū RNA ûi-thoân-chú, sī hâm ribosome RNA kap choán-sàng RNA bi̍t-bé ê ûi-thoân-chú; koh ū tiâu-chiat ûi-thoân-chú (*regulator genes*), sī tiâu-chéng pa̍t khoán ûi-thoán-chú piáu-ta̍t ê ûi-thoân-chú.\n\nÛi-thoân-thé chân-bīn\n---------------------\n\n### Ûi-thoân-chú ê sò͘-liōng\n\nÛi-thoân-thé ê chhùn-chhioh, he̍k-chiá kóng ûi-thoân-chú ê sò͘-liōng, tī bô kâng seng-bu̍t ū chin tōa ê chha-pia̍t. Siāng sió ê ûi-thoân-thé, sī chhut-hiān tī pēⁿ-to̍k, siāng chió taⁿ 2-ê thang seng-sán tān-pe̍h-chit ê ûi-thoân-chú; he̍k-chiá chhiūⁿ lūi-pēⁿ-to̍k (*viroid*), pún-sin sī chi̍t-ê RNA ûi-thoân-thé. Nā siāng tōa liōng ê ûi-thoân-chú chhut-hiān tī si̍t-bu̍t, phì-jû tiū-á ū chhiau-kòe 46,000 ê tān-pe̍h-chit pian-bé ûi-thoân-chú.\n\nKoan-liân bûn-chiuⁿ\n-------------------\n\n* Hun-chú seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Raphael Falk (2010). \"What is a gene?—Revisited\". *Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences*. **41** (4). doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2010.10.014.\n2. 1 2 Robert Hine (2005). \"gene\". *The Facts On File Dictionary of Biology* (4 pán.). Facts On File. ISBN 978-0-8160-5647-7.\n3. ↑ Belyi, V. A.; Levine, A. J.; Skalka, A. M. (22 September 2010). \"Sequences from Ancestral Single-Stranded DNA Viruses in Vertebrate Genomes: the Parvoviridae and Circoviridae Are More than 40 to 50 Million Years Old\". *Journal of Virology*. **84** (23): 12458–12462. doi:10.1128/JVI.01789-10. PMC 2976387 Freely accessible. PMID 20861255.\n4. ↑ Flores, Ricardo; Di Serio, Francesco; Hernández, Carmen (February 1997). \"Viroids: The Noncoding Genomes\". *Seminars in Virology*. **8** (1): 65–73. doi:10.1006/smvy.1997.0107.\n5. ↑ Yu J, Hu S, Wang J, Wong GK, Li S, Liu B, Deng Y, Dai L, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Cao M, Liu J, Sun J, Tang J, Chen Y, Huang X, Lin W, Ye C, Tong W, Cong L, Geng J, Han Y, Li L, Li W, Hu G, Huang X, Li W, Li J, Liu Z, Li L, Liu J, Qi Q, Liu J, Li L, Li T, Wang X, Lu H, Wu T, Zhu M, Ni P, Han H, Dong W, Ren X, Feng X, Cui P, Li X, Wang H, Xu X, Zhai W, Xu Z, Zhang J, He S, Zhang J, Xu J, Zhang K, Zheng X, Dong J, Zeng W, Tao L, Ye J, Tan J, Ren X, Chen X, He J, Liu D, Tian W, Tian C, Xia H, Bao Q, Li G, Gao H, Cao T, Wang J, Zhao W, Li P, Chen W, Wang X, Zhang Y, Hu J, Wang J, Liu S, Yang J, Zhang G, Xiong Y, Li Z, Mao L, Zhou C, Zhu Z, Chen R, Hao B, Zheng W, Chen S, Guo W, Li G, Liu S, Tao M, Wang J, Zhu L, Yuan L, Yang H (April 2002). \"A draft sequence of the rice genome (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica)\". *Science*. **296** (5565): 79–92. Bibcode:2002Sci...296...79Y. doi:10.1126/science.1068037. PMID 11935017.","meta":{"title":"Ûi-thoân-chú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1445,5145,0.28085519922254615],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6220}} -{"text":"Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ m̄-sī teh kóng Seng-hûn.\nHoat-siā sêng-hūn NGC 6357 ê sé-sé chi̍t pō͘-hūn. I hoat-chhut ê âng-kng sī H II khu ê te̍k-teng.\n**Seng-chè-hûn** (Hàn-jī: 星際雲; Eng-gí: interstellar cloud) it-poaⁿ sī lán seng-hē ia̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ seng-hē lāi-té ê khì-thé, tiān-chiuⁿ kap thô͘-hún chi̍p-óa--khiā-lâi--ê, khiā-sǹg-kóng sī seng-chè bu̍t-chit ê bi̍t-tō͘ khah koân pêng-kin ê só͘-chāi. Hûn ê bi̍t-tō͘, tōa-sè kap un-tō͘ ē koat-tēng hûn-lāi chúi-sò͘ chiâⁿ-chò saⁿ chióng chōng-thài ê kî-tiong chi̍t chióng. Tiong-sèng chúi-sò͘ ê hûn ē hêng-sêng H I khu, lī-chú chúi-sò͘ ê hûn ē hêng-sêng H II khu, chúi-sò͘ hun-chú ê hûn tō kán-chheng ûi hun-chú-hûn, ū-sî-chūn mā kiò-chò *cha̍t-chiⁿ-hûn* (實櫼雲; Eng-gí: dense cloud). Tiong-sèng ê hûn kap lī-chú-hòa ê hûn ū-sî mā kiò-chò *khok-sàn-hûn* (擴散雲; Eng-gí: diffuse cloud). Seng-chè-hûn ê iû-lâi sī Âng-kī-chheⁿ chia̍h-lāu ê sî ê khì-thé kap thô͘-hún.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ \"Carved by Massive Stars\". *ESO Picture of the Week*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2018-06-02. 13 September 2013 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Seng-chè-hûn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[115,1038,0.11078998073217726],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1227}} -{"text":"The Kok-chè thài-khong tsām, iú-sú í-lâi teh tê-sim kuí-tō (geocentric orbit) siōng tsoo-tsng ê siōng-tuā ê bu̍t-kiâñ\n**Khong-kan tsām** (ing-gú: space station, orbital station, orbital space station; **thài-khong tsām**) sī ūn-hîng teh guā-tsân thài-khong ê lîn-tsō tshng, kông-gī siōng uî hāng-thian-khì ê tsi̍t-tsióng. Kah ú-tiū-tsûn sio-pí, khong-kan tsām bô-it-tīng ē tsài hāng-tiān-guân sing-khong, mā bú-it-tīng kū-pī thui-tsìn kah tsiūñ-lio̍k iōng-ê siat-pī. M̄-kū khong-kan tsām ū sik-ha̍p lîn-luī tn̂g-sî-kan khiā-tuà ê siat-kè, ē-sái tsò ú-hāng-guân teh thài-khong tíng-tsù kap kang-tsok ê tiûñ-sóo. Khong-kan tsām ē-sái thê-kiong tē-bīn si̍t-giām siat-si bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê kē-tiōng-li̍k, ú-tiū khong-kan huân-kíng tíng-tíng tiâu-kiāñ, tsú-iàu lóng hōo-lâng iōng-teh kok-tsióng kho-ha̍k ê gián-kiù (iû-kî-sī gián-kiù tn̂g-kî tī-liû ú-tiū tuì lîn-thé ê íng-hióng). Bo̍k-tsiân lîn-luī ê tsuân-pōo khong-kan tsām lóng-sī kiàn-tsō teh tē-kiû uē-tsheñ kiù-tō tíng-kuân-ê, uî -tio̍h tuì khong-kan tsām tsìn-hîng lîn-guân kah bu̍t-tsit ê póo-kip kap ūn-sàng, su-iàu kî-thañ thài-khong hui-hîng khì ê phuè-ha̍p. Bí-kok khong-kan tsòng-sū kè-uē 2024-nî kiàn-li̍p teh gue̍h-kiù kuí-tō ê khong-kan tsām, beh sîng-uî tē-it-ê kiàn-li̍p teh tē-kiû í-guā ê kuí-tō khong-kan tsām.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hàn\n-----------------\n\n* Chladek, Jay (2017). *Outposts on the Frontier: A Fifty-Year History of Space Stations*. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-2292-2.\n* Haeuplik-Meusburger: *Architecture for Astronauts – An Activity based Approach*. Springer Praxis Books, 2011, ISBN 978-3-7091-0666-2.\n* Grujica S. Ivanovich (July 7, 2008). *Salyut: the first space station: triumph and tragedy*. Praxis. p. 426. ISBN 978-0-387-73585-6.\n* Neri Vela, Rodolfo (1990). *Manned space stations\" Their construction, operation and potential application*. Paris: European Space Agency SP-1137. ISBN 978-92-9092-124-0.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Nebraska tāi-ha̍k chhut-pán-siā (Nebraska tāi-ha̍k tshut-pán-siā; University of Nebraska Press)\n* Yale hoat-lu̍t kî-khan [en] (Yale huat-lu̍t kî-khan/Yale Law Journal)\n* Pennsylvania tāi-ha̍k hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn [en] (Pennsylvania tāi-ha̍k huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/University of Pennsylvania Law Review)\n* Hô-lâm ko-téng hoat-īⁿ [zh] (Hô-lâm ko-tíng huat-īñ)\n* Soaⁿ-tang ko-téng hoat-īⁿ [zh] (Suañ-tang ko-tíng huat-īñ)\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Space Stations\n* ISS - on Russian News Agency TASS Official Infographic (Eng-gí)\n* \"Giant Doughnut Purposed as Space Station\", *Popular Science*, October 1951, pp. 120–121; article on the subject of space exploration and a space station orbiting earth","meta":{"title":"Khong-kan chām","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1168,2487,0.4696421391234419],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2905}} -{"text":"**Chio̍h-sai-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 石獅市), tòa leh Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng tang-lâm iân-hái, sī Hok-kiàn-séng Choân-chiu-chhī ê kōan-kip-chhī. \n\nChio̍h-sai-chhī ê phiau-chì\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nChio̍h-sai-chhī tiàm tī le̍k-sú bûn-hòa bêng-siâⁿ Chôan-chiu kah keng-chè te̍k-khu Ē-mn̂g tiong-kan, chhām Chìn-kang-chhī liâm-sio-óa, tang-lâm-sì se̍k-kè Ûi-thâu-oan (圍頭灣) to̍h-sī Kim-mn̂g. Chio̍h-sai-chhī ê thó·-tōe bīn-chek sī 160 km², hái-hōaⁿ tn̂g--ta̍t 67.7 km, sio̍k-î lâm-a-jia̍t-tài hái-iû-hêng kùi-hong khì-hāu.\n\nChio̍h-sai-chhī chit-tah í-chá sio̍k-î Chìn-kang-kōan ê kóan-ha̍t hōan-ûi, sī \"hái-siōng si-tiû chi-lō͘\" ê khí-tiám. Tī Tng-tōe ū chi̍t-keng biō-am (hō͘-chòe Hōng-lí-am (鳯里庵)), biō-am piⁿ--thâu chhāi chi̍t-sian chio̍h-sai, thiaⁿ-í-kóng chit-sian chio̍h-sai chiâⁿ thong-lêng, kè-lō͘-lâng kah gōa-lâi ê seng-lí-lāng lóng kā i tòng-chòe sī lō͘-piau, āu--lâi chāi-tōe-lâng ūi-tio̍h beh piáu-sī tùi i ê chūn-kèng, chôan kā chit-tè hiuⁿ-thó· hō-miâ kiò-chòe \"Chio̍h-sai\".\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nChio̍h-sai-chhī kè-khì sī Chìn-kang-chhī ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn. Se-gôan 1987 nî 12 ge̍h, Tiong-kok Kok-bū-īⁿ phoe-chún, chiong gôan-tóe Chìn-kang-kōan ha̍t-khu lāi ê 4-ê hiuⁿ-tìn poah--chhut-lâi, tan-to̍k chó·-chiâⁿ chi̍t-ê sin--ê séng ti̍t-ha̍t-chhī, hō-miâ \"Chio̍h-sāi-chhī\". Chio̍h-sai chá-chêng ê hiong-thó· le̍k-sú chhiáⁿ chham-khó Chìn-kang-chhī kah Chôan-chiu-chhī ê le̍k-sú.\n\nJîn-bûn\n-------\n\nChio̍h-sai-chhī sī tú-miâ ê kiâu-hiong, chó͘-ke tī chia ê Hôa-kiâu kah Káng-Ò hiong-chhin beh óa 30 bān lâng, Tâi-ôan hiong-chhin khah-ke 30 bān lâng. Hôa-kiâu chú-iàu tòa tī Hui-lu̍t-pin, Ìn-nî kah Má-lâi-se-a chiah-ê kok-ka.\n\nChio̍h-sai ê tōe-hng bûn-hòa sio̍k-î Bân-lâm bûn-hòa tang-tiong ê Chôan-chiu-phài.\n\nHêng-chèng khu-e̍k\n------------------\n\nHiān-chú-sî, Chio̍h-sai-chhī lóng-chóng pun-chòe 7-ê tìn kah 2-ê koe-tō pān-sū-chhù ( kán-chheng \"koe-tō-pān\" ).\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\n2002 nî jîn-kháu phó·-cha hián-sī, Chio̍h-sai-chhī ê hō͘-che̍k jîn-kháu beh óa 30 bān lâng, gōa lâi jîn-kháu liōng-kî-iok 20 bān lâng.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nÙi 1993 nî khí, Chio̍h-sai-chhī ê keng-chè chong-ha̍p si̍t-la̍t, liân-sòa kúi-nā-nî pâi tī chôan-kok 100 kiông chi-lāi, 2002 nî chhèng-kàu tē-6 miâ. Sòa--lo̍h-lâi sī 2002 nî, kî-thaⁿ hong-bīn ê thóng-kè sò͘-jī: GDP chóng-gia̍h chhiau-kè 107 eh kho· (Jîn-bîn-pē); kang-gia̍p kah lông-gia̍p chóng sán-ti̍t ta̍t-kàu 178 ek kho͘, châi-chèng siu-ji̍p 7.1 ek kho͘; lâng pêng-kun GDP chóng-gia̍h kah lâng pêng-kun châi-chèng siu-ji̍p tī chôan-kok kōan-kip tan-ūi tang-tiong hun-pia̍t pâi tē-6 miâ kah tē-8 miâ. \n\nChio̍h-sai-chhī ê kang-gia̍p keng-chè tī Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k ôan-á chiâⁿ hiáⁿ-bo̍k, chiâⁿ pâi-chí (chhèng-kōa-kōa) tī--leh. Keng-chè sêng-hūn chú-iàu sī hiuⁿ-tìn khì-gia̍p kah sam-chu khí-gia̍p chiàm chú-thé tē-ūi. Kî-tiong siōng-kài tiōng-iàu ê hâng-gia̍p sī pháng-chit ho̍k-chong, phê-ôe chè-chō, thé-io̍k iōng-phín ka-kang, si̍t-phín ka-kang, tiān-chú ki-hâi kah sok-ka ngó͘-kim gia̍p (塑料五金), chit-5-chióng hâng-gia̍p í-keng chiâⁿ-chòe Chio̍h-sai-chhī ê chi-thiāu sán-gia̍p.\n\nLú-iû\n-----\n\nChio̍h-sai-chhī sī lú-iû kah bóe mn̍gh-kiāⁿ ê hó só͘-chāi, 2002 nî chôan-nî lóng-chóng chiap-thāi kok-lāi-gōa ê iû-kheh chhiau-kè 260 bān jîn-chhù, lú-iû chóng siu-ji̍p chhiau-kè 13 ek kho· Jîn-bîn-pē. \n\nChio̍h-sai ê lú-iû-gia̍p hoat-tián ū-kàu kín, taⁿ í-keng hêng-sêng kài kiān-chôan ê lú-iû thé-hē, chú-iàu pau-koah 4-chióng hong-keh kah te̍k-sek: \n\n* kò͘-bu̍t lú-iû. Chio̍h-sai-chhī sī chôan-kok kài chhut-miâ ê ho̍k-chong ê phoe-hoat chhī-tiûⁿ, múi kang lâi chit-tah kau-koan ê seng-lí-lâng sī chōe kah that-tó-koe, che í-gōa, kok-tōe ê iû-kheh mā thàu-té ē sóan-te̍k tiàm chia chhái-kò· kah-ì ê siong-phín. Che sī Chio̍h-sai-chhī ê lú-iû-gia̍p tang-tiong tē-it ū te̍k-sek--ê.\n* Bêng-sèng kó͘-chek lú-iû. Chio̍h-sai-chhī ē kó͘-chek chin-chiàⁿ chōe, kài chhut-miâ ū: Ko͘-só-thah (姑嫂塔), Lio̍k-sèng-thah (六勝塔), Tìn-hái-chio̍h, Kó͘-bé-thâu, che í-gōa kah chong-kàu iú-koan--ê koh ū: Hó͘-siū-sī (虎岫寺), Tiâu-thian-sī, Sêng-hông-biō, Lo̍k-ka-sī (洛伽寺) téng-téng chōe-chōe sī-biō. Chit hong-bīn siōng-kài ē-tit thé-hiān chāi-tōe chhim-hō͘ ê le̍k-sú bûn-hòa lōe-hâm.\n* Pin-hái lú-iû. Chio̍h-sai-chhī tang, lâm, pak 3 bīn khó-hái, kim-sih-sih ê hái-soa-pho tùi lâm sòa kàu pak; gōa-hái ê tó-sū kah ta-chio̍h sī chi̍t-ê sòa chi̍t-ê chhan-chhiūⁿ nā kî-jí; bī-lē koh hù-jū ê hî-chhan sī thó-hái-lâng kut-la̍t phah-piàⁿ ê kiàn-chèng. Chóng-tâu-chu 3 ek 2000 bān ê \"Bân-lâm N̂g-kim Hái-hōaⁿ\" sī kok-lāi kok-gōa kài chhut-miâ ê hó só͘-chāi.\n* Hiu-hân lú-iû, chú-iàu sī iû-siúⁿ soaⁿ-chúi téng-tì, chham-koan hiān-tāi lông-gia̍p kó-hn̂g.\n\nSiā-hōe kong-kiōng sū-gia̍p\n---------------------------\n\nHiān-chú-sî, Chio̍h-sai-chhī ê kàu-io̍k, kho-ki, bûn-hòa, i-liâu, ōe-seng, thé-io̍k téng kok-hāng siā-hōe kong-e̍k sū-gia̍p chiâu-chn̂g, jî-chhiáⁿ koh put-tōan leh hoat-tián kah kái-siàn.\n\nKi-chhó͘ siat-si\n----------------\n\nChio̍h-sai-chhī ê kok-hāng ki-chhó· siat-si kiàn-siat lóng kiâⁿ tī kî-thaⁿ siâⁿ-chhī ê thâu-chêng, siâⁿ-chhī ê kui-ōa chòe kah chin chán, chin sù-sī. Ha̍t-khu lāi ū 2-ê 22-bān hok (Volt) kah 3-ê 11-bān hok ê piàn-tiān-chām; ji̍t kiong-chúi-liōng chhiau-kè 20-bān tan (Ton) kah 7-bān tan ê chúi-tō-chúi chhiúⁿ (chhiáng) kok 1 chō; 3-bān-tan kip ê bé-thâu 1 chō; it-kip kong-lō͘ chiâⁿ-pah km; chhī-khu thiâⁿ-khòng tiān-ōe ta̍t-kàu 19.5-bān hō͘, chhiú-ki-á iōng-chiá chhiau-kè 15 bān hō͘, bāng-lō͘ iōng-hō͘ chhiau-kè 2 bān hō͘.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Chio̍h-sai Chèng-bū bāng\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hok-kiàn-séng ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hù-séng-kip | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Ē-mn̂g-chhī | Hái-chhng-khu  **·** Ô͘-lí-khu  **·** Chi̍p-bí-khu  **·** Su-bêng-khu  **·** Tâng-oaⁿ-khu  **·** Siông-an-khu |\n\n | |\n| |\n| Tē-kip | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Hok-chiu-chhī | Kó͘-lâu-khu  **·** Chìn-an-khu  **·** Tâi-kang-khu  **·** Chhng-soaⁿ-khu  **·** Má-boé-khu  **·** Tiông-lo̍k-khu  **·** Bân-chheng-koān  **·** Bân-hâu-koān  **·** Éng-thài-koān  **·** Hok-chheng-chhī  **·** Liân-kang-koān  **·** Lô-goân-koān  **·** Pêng-thâm-koān |\n| |\n| Chiang-chiu-chhī | Hiong-siâⁿ-khu **·** Liông-bûn-khu  **·** Liông-hái-chhī  **·** Chiuⁿ-phó͘-koān  **·** Ûn-sio-koān  **·** Chiàu-an-koān  **·** Tang-soaⁿ-koān  **·** Pêng-hô-koān  **·** Lâm-chēng-koān  **·** Tiô-thoà-koān  **·** Hoâ-an-koān |\n| |\n| Choân-chiu-chhī | Lí-siâⁿ-khu  **·** Hong-te̍k-khu  **·** Lo̍k-kang-khu  **·** Choân-káng-khu  **·** Chìn-kang-chhī  **·** Chio̍h-sai-chhī  **·** Lâm-oaⁿ-chhī  **·** Hūi-oaⁿ-koān  **·** An-khoe-koān  **·** Éng-chhun-koān  **·** Tek-hoè-koān  **·** *Kim-mn̂g-koān (bô si̍t-chè thóng-tī)* |\n| |\n| Lâm-pêng-chhī | Iân-pêng-khu  **·** Kiàn-iông-khu  **·** Bú-î-soaⁿ-chhī  **·** Kiàn-au-chhī  **·** Siō-bú-chhī  **·** Chèng-hô-koān  **·** Kong-te̍k-koān  **·** Phó͘-siâⁿ-koān  **·** Siông-khe-koān  **·** Sūn-chhiong-koān |\n| |\n| Lêng-nâ-chhī | Sin-lô-khu  **·** Éng-tēng-khu  **·** Chiuⁿ-phîng-chhī  **·** Bú-pêng-koān  **·** Liân-siâⁿ-koān  **·** Siōng-hâng-koān  **·** Tiông-teng-koān |\n| |\n| Lêng-tek-chhī | Chio-siâⁿ-khu  **·** Hok-an-chhī  **·** Hok-téng-chhī  **·** Chià-êng-koān  **·** Chiu-lêng-koān  **·** Hâ-phó͘-koān  **·** Kó͘-chhân-koān  **·** Pêng-lâm-koān  **·** Siū-lêng-koān |\n| |\n| Phô͘-chhân-chhī | Siâⁿ-siuⁿ-khu  **·** Âm-kang-khu  **·** Nāi-siâⁿ-khu  **·** Siù-sū-khu  **·** Sian-iû-koān |\n| |\n| Sam-bêng-chhī | Mûi-lia̍t-khu  **·** Sam-goân-khu  **·** Éng-an-chhī  **·** Bêng-khe-koān  **·** Chheng-liû-koān  **·** Chiong-lo̍k-koān  **·** Iû-khe-koān  **·** Kiàn-lêng-koān  **·** Lêng-hoà-koān  **·** Soa-koān  **·** Tāi-chhân-koān  **·** Thài-lêng-koān |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Chio̍h-sai-chhī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2936,7035,0.4173418621179815],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8965}} -{"text":"**Mastodon** sī chi̍t ê hun-soàⁿ-hêng siā-kûn bāng-lō͘ (*federated social network*), kap Twitter ū sio-siâng--ê kong-lêng, m̄-koh koán-lí tī hui-tiong-sim-hoà (非中心化)--ê ho̍k-bū-khì (*server*) liân-bêng, sú-iōng khai-hòng goân-sú-bé nńg-thé. Sú-iōng-chiá lóng sio̍k tī chi̍t ê Mastodon ho̍k-bū-khì, kiò-chò \"si̍t-lē\" (實例, *instance*). Tī hia in thang pho͘ (PO) té-phoe hō͘ pa̍t-lâng tha̍k, m̄-koh chit-ê kong-lêng ài khoàⁿ sú-iōng-chiá kap si̍t-lē--ê siat-tēng. Té-phoe thang hun-chò to̍k-to̍k hō͘ ka-tī khoàⁿ, kan-ta hō͘ kin-toè-chiá (*followers*) khoàⁿ, khong-khai tī só͘-sio̍k si̍t-lē, khong-khai tī Mastodon--ê liân-bêng bāng-lō͘, í-ki̍p hō͘ pa̍t-chi̍t-ê sú-iōng-chiá khoàⁿ. Chit-ê ho̍k-bū leh chhoē kap tùi téng kàu ē (*top-down*) siū chún-chat--ê Twitter bô-kâng, beh ǹg sió siā-kûn kap í siā-kûn ûi chú--ê hong-sek hoat-tián.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Misskey\n* Pleroma (nńg-thé)\n* Lemmy\n* siā-kûn bāng-chām\n\nGoā-kháu liân-kiat\n------------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hōng bāng-chām\n* Mastodon--ê goân-sú-bé","meta":{"title":"Mastodon (nńg-thé)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[95,961,0.09885535900104059],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1141}} -{"text":"**Kek-bēng** (革命) chí koân-le̍k ia̍h-sī cho͘-chit kiat-kò͘ ê kin-pún-sèng kái-piàn, chia-ê kái-piàn sī tī siòng-tùi té-chiām ê sî-kan tiong hoat-seng. Lâng tī kái-chō chū-jiân kap kái-chō siā-hōe tiong só͘ chìn-hêng ê tiōng-tāi piàn-kek.\n\nLâng kái-chō chū-jiân ê tiōng-tāi piàn-kek, ū ki-su̍t kek-bēng, sán-gia̍p kek-bēng téng; lâng kái-chō siā-hōe ê tiōng-tāi piàn-kek, iā-chiū-sī siā-hōe kek-bēng. It-poaⁿ lâi kóng, sī chí ùi ē-kha hiòng téng-thâu tùi tong-chiân chè-tō͘ chìn-hêng kin-pún siōng ê piàn-kek. Siā-hōe kek-bēng sī le̍k-sú hoat-tián ê hóe-chhia chhia-thâu ; i siōng-kài chhim-khek ê kin-goân sī seng-sán koan-hē kap seng-sán-le̍k ê mâu-tún. Siong-tùi î kái-kek, he sī ùi téng-thâu hiòng ē-kha ê piàn-kek. Pí-lūn tī chèng-tī chân-bīn siōng, ùi ē-kha hiòng téng-thâu ēng pō-le̍k thui-hoan kun-chú choan-chè, kiàn-li̍p bîn-chú kiōng-hô-chè, hō-chò \"kek-bēng\", tān-sī iā ū hô-pêng ê kek-bēng. Tī hiān-chûn ê seng-sán koan-hē chiâⁿ-chò seng-sán-le̍k kè-sio̍k hoat-tián ê giâm-tiōng chiòng-gāi sî, tio̍h iau-kiû thong-kòe kek-bēng, kái-piàn kū ê seng-sán koan-hē kap î-hō͘ chit-khoán kū ê seng-sán koan-hē ê kū téng-chân kiàn-tio̍k, iā-chiū-sī kái-piàn siā-hōe chè-tō͘, kái-hòng pī sok-pa̍k ê seng-sán-le̍k, thui-tōng siā-hōe chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ hiòng-chiân hoat-tián. Tùi-hoán, ùi téng-thâu hiòng ē-kha, ùi tè-ông chè-tō͘ thui-hêng kun-chú li̍p-hiàn chè-tō͘, chiâⁿ-li̍p bîn-chú gī-hōe, hō-chò kái-kek. Thong-siông kek-bēng khah kek-chìn kio̍k-lia̍t, ah kái-kek khah pó-siú un-hô. Tī kai-kip siā-hōe lāi, siā-hōe kek-bēng sī kai-kip tàu-cheng ê pit-jiân chhu-sè kap chi̍p-tiong piáu-hiān, thong-siông ài sú-iōng pō-le̍k.\n\nKek-bēng kap khí-sū ia̍h-sī hoán-loān ū pún-chit-siōng ê hūn-pia̍t, chêng-chiá ê bo̍k-tek sī ūi-tio̍h kái-piàn chèng-tī chè-tō͘, chhut-miâ ê lē ū Hoat-kok Kek-bēng. Hō͘-chiá sī ūi-tio̍h keng-ōaⁿ tong-chiân ê chèng-koân, m̄-sī chè-tō͘ ê kek-sin, chhin-chhiūⁿ Tāi-te̍k-hiong Khí-gī kap N̂g-kin chi loān. só͘-í, giâm-keh lâi kóng, Tiong-kok tē-chi̍t tiûⁿ chin-chiàⁿ koh sêng-kong ê chèng-tī kek-bēng sī Sin-hāi Kek-bēng. Le̍k-sú siōng ū kòe lô͘-lē hoán-tùi lô͘-lē-chú ê kek-bēng, lông-bîn hoán-tùi tē-chú kai-kip ê kek-bēng, chu-sán kai-kip kek-bēng kap bû-sán kai-kip kek-bēng.\n\nTī kang-gia̍p chân-bīn siōng ê tiōng-tāi kek-sin, hō-chò kang-gia̍p kek-bēng. Thong-siông sī kóng tùi tong-chiân kang-gia̍p ia̍h-sī seng-sán bô͘-sek chìn-hêng piàn-kek, ēng sin ê ki-khì chhin-chhiūⁿ cheng-khì-ki chhú-tāi kū-iú ê jîn-le̍k, thê-seng seng-sán hāu-lu̍t. \n\nIt-poaⁿ lâi kóng, \"kek-bēng\" chit-ê sû piáu-sī chi̍t ê chèng-tī chè-tō͘ ê kái-piàn. Tī chē-chē siā-hōe kho-ha̍k, te̍k-pia̍t sī siā-hōe-ha̍k, chèng-tī-ha̍k kap le̍k-sú-ha̍k hong-bīn, siā-hōe keng-chē kek-bēng kap chèng-tī kek-bēng siū tông-téng têng-tō͘ ê gián-kiù.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| * Khí-gī, chèng-piàn\n* Gân-sek kek-bēng, le̍k-sek kek-bēng\n* Kho-ha̍k kek-bēng, sin-chio̍h-khì kek-bēng\n* Bu̍t-kè kek-bēng, siong-gia̍p kek-bēng\n | * kang-gia̍p kek-bēng\n\t+ Tē-it-chhù kang-gia̍p kek-bēng\n\t+ Tē-jī-chhù kang-gia̍p kek-bēng\n\t+ Tē-saⁿ-chhù kang-gia̍p kek-bēng\n\t+ Tē-sì-chhù kang-gia̍p kek-bēng\n* Tng to̍k-chhâi chiâⁿ-chò sū-si̍t, kek-bēng chiū sī gī-bū\n* Hō͘-sòaⁿ Kek-bēng\n | |\n\nChham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Jack Goldstone, \"Theories of Revolutions: The Third Generation*,* World Politics *32, 1980:425-53*\n2. ↑ John Foran, \"Theories of Revolution Revisited: Toward a Fourth Generation\", *Sociological Theory* 11, 1993:1-20\n3. ↑ Clifton B. Kroeber, *Theory and History of Revolution*, Journal of World History 7.1, 1996: 21-40\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85113507\n* GND: 4049680-6\n* BNF: cb119523277 (data)\n* NDL: 00564746\n* NKC: ph125158\n* BNE: XX524516\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kek-bēng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[742,3575,0.20755244755244756],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4258}} -{"text":"\n\n| Pòaⁿ-tō-théchong-tìchè-chō |\n| --- |\n| |\n| MOSFET scaling(process nodes) |\n| \n* 010 µm – 1971 nî\n* 006 µm – 1974 nî\n* 003 µm – 1977 nî\n* 1.5 µm – 1981 nî\n* 001 µm – 1984 nî\n* 800 nm – 1987 nî\n* 600 nm – 1990 nî\n* 350 nm – 1993 nî\n* 250 nm – 1996 nî\n* 180 nm – 1999 nî\n* 130 nm – 2001 nî\n* 090 nm – 2003 nî\n* 065 nm – 2005 nî\n* 045 nm – 2007 nî\n* 032 nm – 2009 nî\n* 022 nm – 2012 nî\n* 014 nm – 2014 nî\n* 010 nm – 2016 nî\n* 007 nm – 2018 nî\n* 005 nm – 2020 nî\n\n |\n| Bī-lâi\n* 003 nm – *~2022 nî*\n |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n**90 nāi-bí chè-têng** (Eng-gí: *90 nm process*) sī pòaⁿ-tō-thé chè-chō chè-têng ê chi̍t ê chúi-pêng, tāi-iok tī 2004 nî kàu 2005 nî chó-iū ta̍t-sêng. Che sī iû hit-tang-chūn ê léng-sian pòaⁿ-tō-thé kong-si Intel, AMD, Infineon, Texas Instruments, IBM kap Tâi-chek-tiān só͘ oân-sêng. Chē-chē chhiúⁿ-siong ēng 193 nāi-bí ê pho-tn̂g lâi chìn-hêng koan-kiān chân-kip ê kng-khek.\n\nLēng-gōa, 12 eng-chhùn chiⁿ-îⁿ tī chit-ê chè-têng chiâⁿ-chò chú-liû.","meta":{"title":"90 nāi-bí chè-têng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[397,835,0.4754491017964072],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1066}} -{"text":"G∞golplex ê piáu-sī.\nGogolplex í su-tsik ê hîng-sik sóo pian-siá ê.(ISBN 978-0-9900072-0-3; ISBN 978-0-9900072-1-0)\n**Googolplex** (ing-gú: Googolplex) iōng phóo-thong ê 10 tsìn-tsè piáu-sī-huat sóo siá tshut--lâi ê; tsiū sī 10googol, 1-ê googol tio̍h-sī 10100 tshú-hong ê lîng, iah tio̍h-sī kóng, 10 ê googol tshú-hong sóo tsoo-sîng ê.\n\nSòo-jī piáu-sī\n--------------\n\n### Googolplex\n\n1 googolplex\n= 10googol\n= 10(10100)\n= 1010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\n### Googolplexian\n\nTsi̍t-ê googolplexian tio̍h-sī 1 kah googolplex ê 0|lîng; hi̍k-tsiá 10 ê googolplex tshú-hong.\n\n{\\displaystyle \\mathrm {googolplexian} =10^{\\mathrm {googolplex} }=10^{10^{10^{100}}}}\n\nLi̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTī 1920-nî, Edward Kasner [en] 9-huè ê ti̍t-á Milton Sirotta tshòng-tsō googol [en] tsi̍t-sû, tsik sī 10100, jiân-āu thê-tshut koh-khah tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo ê su̍t-gú googolplex uî \"1, jiân-āu sī 0, it-ti-kàu lí bú kah tsiânn thiám\".] Kasner kuat-tīng tshái-iōng king-tsìng-sik ê tīng-gī, in-uī \"bô kāng-khuán ê lâng teh bô kâng ê sî-kan ē kám-kak siān-tauh-tauh, Carnera [en] íng-uán bô-huat-tōo tsiânn-tsò pí Einstein phok-sū koh-khah hó ê sòo-ha̍k-ka, in-uī i-ū koh-khah tsē ê nai-li̍k lî-tshiánn ē-sái siá koh-khah tn̂g ê sî-kan\". Iû-í tshú bi̍k ê tsiann kiat-ha̍p-sìng, googolplex in-tshú piau-tsún-huà uî 10(10100) = 1010100.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Nitsche, Wolfgang H.\"Googolplex Written Out\", August 2013,retrieved Feb 9,2023.(ISBN 978-0-9900072-0-3; ISBN 978-0-9900072-1-0) (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ Bialik, Carl (14 June 2004). \"There Could Be No Google Without Edward Kasner\". *The Wall Street Journal Online*. goân-loē-iông tī 30 November 2016 hőng khó͘-pih.  (retrieved 17 March 2015) (Eng-gí)\n3. ↑ Edward Kasner & James R. Newman (1940) Mathematics and the Imagination, page 23, NY: Simon & Schuster (Eng-gí)\n4. ↑ Anthony J. Dos Reis (2012). *Compiler Construction Using Java, JavaCC, and Yacc*. John Wiley & Sons. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-118-11277-9.  Extract of page 91 (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Graham's number\n* Names of large numbers\n* Orders of magnitude (numbers)\n* Skewes's number\n* On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences\n* Mathematics Genealogy Project\n* Mathematics and the Imagination\n* Simon & Schuster\n* 2016–2021 literary phishing thefts\n* İstanbul ki-tiûⁿ\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Googolplex*** |\n\n* The dictionary definition of *googolplex* at Wiktionary\n\n* Googolplex Written Out (Eng-gí)\n* Weisstein, Eric W. \"Googolplex\". *MathWorld*.  (Eng-gí)\n* googolplex at PlanetMath. (Eng-gí)\n* Padilla, Tony; Symonds, Ria. \"Googol and Googolplex\". *Numberphile*. Brady Haran. goân-loē-iông tī 29 March 2014 hőng khó͘-pih. 6 April 2013 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n\ntemplate:Large numbers [en]","meta":{"title":"Googolplex","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1121,2501,0.44822071171531386],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2989}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\n*\"Hong-giân\" ê kî-tha ì-sù, chham-khó hong-giân (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h).*\n**Hong-giân** (方言; Eng-gí: *dialect*) it-poaⁿ iā kiò chò **thó͘-ōe** (土話), tī giân-gú-ha̍k siōng sī chi̍t ê giân-gú tī bô-kāng só͘-chāi he̍k-chiá jîn-kûn ê piàn-hêng.\n\nTēng-gī\n-------\n\nHong-giân kan-tán ê tēng-gī sī chí chi̍t-ê gián-gí lāi ū hō͘-siōng khó-lí-kái-sèng (*mutual intelligibility*) ê chi̍t kóa kiōng-chûn piàn-chéng (*variety*); chóng-sī chit khoán tēng-gī sī ū būn-tê--ê, in-ūi ū-sî bô-kâng gián-gí chi kan oa-na ū it-tēng thêng-tō͘ ê hō͘-siōng lí-kài khó-lêng (pí-lūn Sūi-tián-gí kap Nô͘-ui-gí).\n\nNā beh kui-la̍p chhut chi̍t-ê hong-giân, tāi-seng su-iàu jīn-tēng chhut chi̍t-ê hâm chē chióng piàn-chéng ê giân-gí. Ùi pún giân-gí ē-té ê ta̍k-ê piàn-chéng chi kan ū ho͘-im, sû-lūi, kap bûn-hoat ê cheng-chha. Hong-giân chi kan ê pian-kài sī hâm-hô͘--ê, liân-sòa ê tē-khu-sèng hong-giân ū khó-lêng sán-seng chi̍t tiâu hong-giân liān (*dialect chain*), he̍k-chiá kiò hong-giân liân-sio̍k-thé (*dialect continuum*), tang-tiong sio-óa ê nn̄g khoán hong-giân beh-kâng ê thêng-tō͘ pí bô sio-óa--ê khah koân.\n\nHong-giân chha-pia̍t\n--------------------\n\nHong-giân chi kan ê chha-pia̍t thang hun sò͘-liōng-sèng (*quantitative*) kap sèng-chit-sèng (*qualitative*) nn̄g-ê hong-bīn lâi liáu-kái.\n\nHong-giân chûn-chāi ê hêng-sek\n------------------------------\n\nHong-giân thang hun chò tē-hng-seǹg hong-giân kap siā-hòe-sèng hong-giân (*social dialect*). Tē-hng-sèng ê hong-giân sī chiàu té-lí ê khu-he̍k lâi koat-tēng; nā siā-hòe-sèng ê hong-giân, sī chí san-seng tī sèng-pia̍t, nî-hòe kap cho̍k-hē téng in-sò͘ chi kan ê hong-giân.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Carstairs Douglas (1873). *Chinese English dictionary of Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy*.\n2. 1 2 3 4 Richard Cameron (2010). \"Dialect\". Chū Patrick Colm Hogan. *The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521866897.\n3. ↑ Carmen Llamas; Louise Mullany; Peter Stockwell, pian. (2006). \"Glossary\". *The Routledge Companion to Sociolinguistics*. Routledge. ISBN 9781134303489.\n\nKhòaⁿ lēng-gōa\n--------------\n\n* Khiuⁿ-kháu\n* Hong-giân-ha̍k","meta":{"title":"Hong-giân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[442,1970,0.22436548223350253],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2340}} -{"text":"\n**Ia̍p Kiok-lân** (葉菊蘭; 1949 nî 2 goe̍h 13 ji̍t chhut-sì ) sī Tâi-oân Biâu-le̍k-koān chhut-sì ê chèng-tī-ka, chêng-jīm li̍p-hoat uí-oân kah Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok hêng-chèng-īⁿ ê hù-īⁿ-tiúⁿ. I bat ū tam-jīm--koè hêng-chèng-īⁿ kau-thong-pō͘ ê pō͘-tiúⁿ kah chìng-bū uí-oân. Tî-chhú-chi-gōa, i sī kheh-ka-lâng jî-chhiáⁿ chò--koè kheh-ka uí-oân-hōe ê chú-jīm uí-oân. 2005 nî 9 goe̍h 26 ji̍t, i tāi-lí Tân Kî-māi tam-jīm Ko-hiông-chhī ê chhī-tiúⁿ, sī Ko-hiông-chhī iú-sú í-lâi thâu-chi̍t-uī cha-bó͘ siú-tiúⁿ. Āu--lâi i tam-jīm Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chóng-thóng-hú ê pì-su-tiúⁿ.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nKo-hiông-chhī Chhī-tiúⁿ |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi | \n* Iwamoto Tasuke\n* Saitô Gentosio\n* Imai Masaharu\n* Gisaburô Kobayasi\n* Matuo Sigeharu\n* Munetô Tairiku\n* Kosima Mô\n* Yokoyama Takeo\n* Nakamatu Otohiko\n\n | |\n| |\n| Séng-hat-chhī sî-tāi | \n* Liân Bô͘\n* N̂g Tiōng-tô͘\n* N̂g Kiông\n* Lâu Siông\n* Tân Pó-thài\n* Siā Chèng-kiông\n* Tân Bú-chiong\n* Tân Khé-chhoan\n* Iûⁿ Kim-hó͘\n* Ông Gio̍k-hûn\n\n |\n| |\n| Īⁿ-hat-chhī sî-tāi | \n* Ông Gio̍k-hûn\n* Iûⁿ Kim-chhông\n* Khó͘ Chúi-tek\n* So͘ Lâm-sêng\n* Ngô͘ Tun-gī\n\n |\n| |\n| Ti̍t-hat-chhī sî-tāi | \n* Ngô͘ Tun-gī\n* Siā Tiông-têng\n* Tân Kî-māi (tāi-lí)\n* Ia̍p Kiok-lân (tāi-lí)\n* Tân Kiok\n* Khó͘ Li̍p-bêng\n* Hân Kok-jû\n* Iûⁿ Bêng-chiu (tāi-lí)\n* Tân Kî-māi\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ia̍p Kiok-lân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[561,1136,0.49383802816901406],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1587}} -{"text":"\n**Ia̍p Tshing-iāu** (hân-gú: 葉清耀, 1880－1942), pún-tsi̍k Tâi-uân Tâi-tiong tāng-sì, Ia̍p Tshing-iāu put-tān sī Tâi-uân teh Tâi-uân jit-tī sî-kî ê ti-bîng lu̍t-su [en], iā teh tī-kíng sū-kiānn [zh] it-àn lāi-té, tam-jīm Tâi-uân tong-sū-jîn [en] ê lu̍t-su. Liáu-āu, Ia̍p Tshing-iāu koh tsiânn-tsò Tâi-uân siú-uī huat-ha̍k phok-sū [en] (1932-nî, Bîng-tī tāi-ha̍k [en]).\n\nSing-pîng\n---------\n\nTshut-sì teh Tâi-uân jit-tī sî-kî Tâi-tiong tāng-sì, tsū sè-hàn ka-tîng tō sàn-tshiah, uì tāng-sè kong-ha̍k-hāu pit-gia̍p liáu-āu tō bô-koh tha̍k-tsheh; pīng-tshiánn tsiām-sî teh-tsò tshàu-uân kang-lâng ê thâu-lōo. M̄-kuh teh ha̍k-hāu ê lāu-su kóo-lē tsi-hā, khó-ji̍p Tâi-tiong su-huān ha̍k-hāu. Tsi-āu tsiân-óng Ji̍t-pún liû-ha̍k, pīng-tshiánn tsìn-ji̍p Bîng-tī tāi-ha̍k huat-ha̍k kho tsiū-to̍k. Pīng-tshiánn teh kiû-ha̍k ê kuè-tîng tang-tiong khai-sí tsún-pī lu̍t-su khó-tshì. Mo-m̄-kuh suā-lâi tso-gū--tio̍htong-sî tsìng-hú ê hān-tsè; tsū-án-ne tō-teh sì-kè tshíng-guān tsi-hā, tsuè-āu hōo Ji̍t-pún tsìng-hú tông-ì khai-hòng hōo i pò-khó. Ia̍p Tshing-iāu mā sūn-lī khó-tio̍h lu̍t-su tsu-keh; tsiânn-tsò thâu-tsi̍t-ê Tâi-uân-lâng lu̍t-su. Tshú-guā Ia̍p Tshing-iāu mā iōng lūn-bûn \"Hîng-huat tông-ì lūn\" (刑法同意論) the̍h-tio̍h huat-ha̍k phok-sū [en] ê tsu-keh; pīng in-tshú tsiânn-tsò thâu-tsi̍t-ê Tâi-uân-lâng huat-ha̍k phok-sū.\n\nIa̍p Tshing-iāu tńg--lâi Tâi-uân liáu-āu, teh Tuā-tiū-tiânn khai-siat lu̍t-su sū-bū-sóo [en] tsip-gia̍p. Tī 1923-nî, tī-kíng sū-kiānn [zh] huat-sing, Ia̍p Tshing-iāu siū-thok tam-jīm Tsiúnn Uī-suí, Tshuà Puê-hué tíng-jîn ê piān-hōo lu̍t-su, pīng-tshiánn teh it-sím ê sî-tsūn sūn-lī thè kai àn ê tsuân-pōo pī-kò tsing-tshú bô-tsuē phuànn-kuat, jî-lâi Ia̍p Tshing-iāu ê miâ-siann lú-lâi lú tsin tháu. Tsi-āu tī 1930-nî tsoo-tsit Tâi-uân tē-hng tsū-tī liân-bîng, tsú-tiunn Tâi-uân-lâng ē-tàng ti̍t-suán tē-hng kong-tsit; m̄-kuh suah--lâi tī 1942-nî in-uī kuann-pēnn [en] kuè-sin, hióng-siū 62 huē.\n\nKa-tso̍k\n--------\n\n* Bió Tân Thô (陳桃)（lông-king）\n* Hiann Tân Ia̍p-lia̍t (陳葉烈)（tsiunn-ló-gia̍p [zh]；uá bió sènn）\n* Tī Ia̍p Chheng-kiong (葉清恭)\n* Kiánn Ia̍p Tsok-ga̍k (葉作樂) （huat-lu̍t-jîn）\n* Guā-sun Tiong Bûn-liông (張文龍)（lu̍t-su [en]）\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 葉清耀著,\"刑法同意論 - 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション\",日本,國立國會圖書館,0016047-000,637-169,retrieved 2022-10-19. (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n2. 1 2 \"台湾人初の法学博士となる葉清耀への学位授与を伝える。駿台新報(明治大学新聞) 320・第321号記事\",明治大學,retrieved 2022-10-19. (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n3. ↑ \"歷史上的今天 反抗的先驅，史上第一位法學博士！\". 2019-09-16 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 田健治郎，《田健治郎日記》，中研院台史所 [zh]，臺灣日記資料庫。1919年12月18日內容，「前九時，伴通譯施家本及辨護士葉清耀（唯一臺灣人弁護士也）來謁，則逐條令面陳，對之一一與訓諭。約二時間餘，彼等表滿腔之謝意而去。」 (Hàn-gí)\n* 吳密察，《台灣史小事典》，遠流出版社。 (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Bîng-tī tāi-ha̍k [en] (Meiji University)\n* Hiaⁿ-tī chí-mōe [en] (hiann-tī tsí-muē/sibling)\n* Tong-sū-jîn (hoat-lu̍t) [en] (Party (law))\n* Tâi-oân chiuⁿ-ló sán-gia̍p [zh] (Tâi-uân tsiunn-ló sán-gia̍)\n* Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Tâi-oân-sú Gián-kiù-só͘ [zh]\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Ia̍p Chheng-iāu*** |\n\n* 刑法同意論 - 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション (Ji̍t-pún-gí)","meta":{"title":"Ia̍p Chheng-iāu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1621,3596,0.4507786429365962],"infobox":["
    Ia̍p Tshing-iāu
    \n
    Ia̍p Tshing-iāu, liōng-iok tī 1921-nî.
    Tshut-sì\n1880
    Kuè-sin\n1942 nî goe̍h ji̍t (62 hòe)
    Kok-tsi̍k\n\"\" Ji̍t-pún
    Education\nBîng-tī tāi-ha̍k [en] Huat-ha̍k phok-sū [en]
    Tsit-gia̍p\nLu̍t-su [en]
    Years active\n1916 - 1942
    Tù-miâ\nTī 1923-nî, tī-kíng sū-kiānn [zh] tam-jīm pī-kò Tsiúnn Uī-suí, Tshuà Puê-hué tíng-jîn ê piān-hōo lu̍t-su
    Notable works\nPhok-sū lūn-bûn \"Hîng-huat tông-ì lūn\" (刑法同意論)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3684}} -{"text":"**Ia̍p Sēng-kiat** (葉盛吉; 1923 nî 10 goe̍h 25 ji̍t – 1950 nî 11 goe̍h 29 ji̍t), Tâi-oân Tâi-lâm-chiu Sin-iâⁿ-kūn Sin-iâⁿ-ke chhut-sì, Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tóng-oân. Tâi-lâm It-tiong pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, keng-kòe 2 tang têng-khó, khó tiâu Ji̍t-pún Sian-tâi Tē-jī Ko-téng Ha̍k-hāu, lo̍h-bóe khó tiâu Tang-kiaⁿ I-ha̍k-īⁿ. Chiàn-āu choán-ha̍k tò-tńg-lâi Tâi-oân tha̍k Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k I-ha̍k-hē. Tńg-lâi Tâi-oân liáu-āu, i-ê su-sióng khai-sí óa chó-phài, siū i-ha̍k-īⁿ ha̍k-seng chū-tī hōe-tiúⁿ Lâu Chiau-kong kài-siāu ka-ji̍p kiōng-sán-tóng, tam-jīm Tâi-tāi I-ha̍k-īⁿ chi-pō͘ léng-tō lio̍k-sio̍k kài-siāu Gân Sè-hông téng i-ha̍k-īⁿ ha̍k-seng kap i-seng ka-ji̍p séng-kang-úi ha̍k-kang-úi. 1950 nî, Chhòa Hàu-khiân piàn-kòa āu, Tiong-kiōng tī Tâi-oân ê cho͘-chit óa-kái, tōa-liōng sêng-oân pī lia̍h. 1950 nî 11 goe̍h 29 hō, Ia̍p Sēng-kiat tī Tâi-pak Bé-tiûⁿ-teng pī chhèng-sat.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ 楊威理 (2009-08-01). *雙鄉記：葉盛吉一台灣知識分子之青春．徬徨．探索．實踐與悲劇*. 人間出版社.","meta":{"title":"Ia̍p Sēng-kiat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[92,984,0.09349593495934959],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1122}} -{"text":"\n**Luluna** (Hàn-miâ: 羅娜, 羅羅娜, 鹿羅娜, 羅漊納) sī Tâi-oân Bunun-cho̍k Isbukun ê chi̍t ê pō͘-lo̍k, hêng-chèng-siōng sio̍k-î Lâm-tâu-koān Sìn-gī-hiong Lô-ná-chhoan (羅娜村). I sī choân Tâi-oân Bunun-cho̍k siōng tōa ê pō͘-lo̍k, mā sī Tâi-oân Goân-chū Bîn-cho̍k tiong siōng tōa ê pō͘-lo̍k, ki-bîn ū chi̍t chheng gōa lâng.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nLuluna khiā-tī Tan-liú-lân-khe Khe-khàm-kûn (陳有蘭溪溪崁群) ê Luluna Khe-khàm (羅娜溪崁) téng-koân, chē sī Pit-chio̍h-khe (筆石溪) kā Tan-liú-lân-khe chhiong-chek ·chhut-lâi ê sìⁿ-chōng-tē, hái-poa̍t 900 kàu 1000 kong-chhioh.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nLuluna pún-lâi sī Luhtu-kûn Tsou-cho̍k ê Lâm-á-kha-siā (楠仔跤社) lâng ê sè-chhng, goân-miâ kiò-chò **Nia-feo’isi**. Hia-ê Tsou-cho̍k lâng kah tòa tī Lêng-ko-kūn hoan-tē ê Isbukun Bunun-cho̍k lâng chò-tùi-thâu.\n\nJi̍t-pún sî-tāi ê 1935 nî, Ji̍t-pún sit-bîn chèng-hú chip-hêng chi̍p-thoân î-chū ê lí-hoan chèng-chhek, kiông-pek Tsou-cho̍k kā chi̍t tè khe-khàm-tē koah-jiōng hō͘ Bunun-cho̍k ê 8 siā, lóng-chóng 76 hō͘, 1102 lâng, hō͘ in chhian-·ji̍p-lâi. Pō͘-lo̍k ê sin ê miâ Luluna, khó-lêng sī tùi Tsou-cho̍k thâu-lâng ê sī-cho̍k 魯澛那納 ia̍h-sī Yulunana (優路拿納) lâi ·ê. \n\n1945 nî, Lêng-ko-kūn hoan-tē kái-chè chò Lô-ná-hiong (羅娜鄉) ê hêng-chèng tiong-sim ba̍t siat tī leh Luluna, iah-m̄-koh 1946 nî chit ê hiong kái-miâ chò Sìn-gī-hiong, hiong-kong-só͘ mā sóa-ūi sóa khì khah óa chúi-bóe ê Bêng-téng-chhoan (明德村).\n\n2014 nî, \"Tâi-oân Goân-chū Bîn-cho̍k Pō͘-lo̍k Hêng-tōng Liân-bêng\" hiòng chèng-hú cheng-chhú, hi-bāng kóng Sìn-gī-hiong ē-tàng hui-ho̍k goân-miâ Lô-ná-hiong.\n\nJîn-bûn\n-------\n\n### Kàu-io̍k\n\n* Lâm-tâu-koān Sìn-gī-siōng Luluna Kok-bîn Sió-ha̍k (南投縣信義鄉羅娜國民小學)\n\n### Chong-kàu\n\nki-bîn chú-iàu sìn Ki-tok-kàu kap Thian-chú-kàu. Chng-lāi ê kàu-tn̂g ū:\n\n* Luluna Thian-chú-tn̂g (羅娜天主堂)\n* Tâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hōe Luluna kau-hōe (臺灣基督長老教會羅娜教會)\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. 1 2 \"羅娜部落【Luluna】\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 原住民族委員會. 2015. goân-loē-iông tī 2020-09-19 hőng khó͘-pih. 2022-08-05 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. 1 2 \"羅娜部落\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 國立彰化生活美學館. 2014. 2022-08-05 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"陳有蘭溪階地群\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 台灣地景保育網. 2022-07-04. 2022-08-05 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. 1 2 \"孤立於阿里山外的鄒族久美部落\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 原住民族委員會. 2015. goân-loē-iông tī 2021-12-08 hőng khó͘-pih. 2022-08-05 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"歷史沿革\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 信義鄉公所. 2019. goân-loē-iông tī 2022-07-01 hőng khó͘-pih.\n6. ↑ 黃邦平、花孟璟、林子翔、佟振國、陳信仁、張瑞楨 (2014-10-25). \"拒復興仁愛 山川部落爭「原」 味\" (ēng Hôa-gí). *Chū-iû Sî-pò*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2014-10-25. 2014-10-26 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Luluna","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[858,2493,0.34416365824308065],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2900}} -{"text":"\n**Tshing-kok hîng-tsìng huat** (ji̍t-gú: 清国行政法 (しんこく ぎょうせいほう/Shinkoku Gyōseihō)), sī Lîm-sî tâi-uân kū-kuàn tiau-tsa-huē sóo tsoo-tsit kah tsàn-tsōo í-lâi tsìn-hîng tsi kū-kuàn tiâu-tsa kè-uē, sóo tshut-pán ê \"Tshing-kok hîng-tsìng huat\" tshik-tsik luē-iông lóng-tsóng hun 6-kuàn [en], tī 1905-nî tsì 1913-nî tsi-kan hun-pia̍t tshut-pán. İ-ê bo̍k-tik teh í kīn-tāi [en] Au-lio̍k [en] kong-huat [en] kài-liām, pīng pué-tshing Tâi-uân ji̍t-tī sî-kî tsiân ê kuann-hú [en] hîng-uî teh Ji̍t-pún thóng-tī liáu-āu kū-iú hô-tsióng huat-lu̍t siōng ê hāu-li̍k; pīng-tshiánn tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo kái-bîng tāi-tshing tè-kok ê li̍p-huat thé-lē, tsìng-hú tsoo-tsit, kok-tsióng hîng-tsìng luī-hîng ê huat-lu̍t kuan-hē.\n\nPian-tsuàn king-uī\n------------------\n\nTshing-kok hîng-tsìng-huat ê tsú-iàu pian-tsuān tsiá sī Oda Yorozu [en]; pīng iú pian-tsi̍p uí-guân tsu-jû Kano Naoki [de], Asai Torao [ja], Katou Shigeru [ja] tíng-jîn; ji̍t-āu tsiah ê lâng lóng tsiânn-tsò Ji̍t-pún hàn-ha̍k-kài tiōng-iàu ê ha̍k-tsiá. Oda Yorozu [en] i-kî kin-kì to-Tik-kok hîng-tsìng huat kàu-kho-su thé-lē pian-siá ê \"Hîng-tsìng huat káng-gī\" (行政法講義) uî lâm-pún, tsìn-hîng \"Tshing-kok hîng-tsìng huat\" (清國行政法) tsi pian-tsuàn, kî-kan pīng-tshiánn kiap-tsa̍p tsu-to Tiong-kok kóo-tián tsi tiah-iàu phiàn-tuann. Thâu-sing khai-sí iû kok pian-tsip uí-uân-huē siá-sîng tshoo-kó iauau, koh-hōo Oda Yorozu [en] thóng-tiû tsing-san, tsiânn-tsò lán sóo-kóng \"Oda liû\" bûn-thé. Pún kè-uē tī 1903-nî 10-gue̍h teh Kyoto tāi-ha̍k lāi-té siat-tī gián-kiù-sik khai-sí pian-tsuàn, li̍k-sî 10-nî kò-sîng. Tē-1 tsheh huàn-lūn tshut-pán liáu-āu, ū tong-sî tiong-kok liû-ji̍t ha̍k-sing Ting Hóo (鄭萀), Tîn Ú-liân (陳與年), Liông Tsé-tòng (梁濟棟) tíng-tíng jîn-sū huan-i̍k tsò tiong-bûn, tsū-án-ne Lîm-sî tâi-uân kū-kuàn tiau-tsa-huē piān uí-tshiánn tsuan-jîn kā tē-1 tsheh huan-i̍k tsò tiong-bûn, pīng-tshiánn iû Oda Yorozu [en] thinn-ka hîng-tsìng huat tò-lun tsi̍t-tsiunn.\n\nPún-tsheh sui-jiân hāu-huì king-nî, lî-tshiánn hông-tāi; m̄-kuh tshut-pán liáu-āu tshing tè-kok í-king hok-bông, in-tshú sóo-ū ê luē-iông suî-tsik tsiânn-tsò huat-tsè-sú siōng ê li̍k-sú uî-jiah. Uî-ki sóo tik-lio̍k tsi tián-tsi̍k hó-jû iân-hái, giám-jiân sîng-uî bûn-hiàn kiám-só tsi pó-khòo. Pīng-tshiánn tui-tio̍h thuân-thóng tiong-kok kuán-tsè siông-sè kái-suat, in-tshú āu-lâi tsiânn-tsò Ji̍t-pún hàn-ha̍k-kài ê tiōng-iàu tsham-khó-su. Ji̍t-pún ha̍k-tsiá Banno Masataka [en] hām İamane iukio  [en] pat hun-pia̍t tù-iú siông-sè tsuán-lûn kah tê-kái, thàm-soh i-ê tì-sik hîng-sîng-sú í-kip kah tâi-uân tsóng-tok-hú kî-thann kū-kuàn tiau-tsa sū-gia̍p hōo-siong tsi-kan ū khan-liân.\n\nLuē-iông tsiong-tsiat\n---------------------\n\n* Tē-1 kuàn [en]: Hîng-tsìng huat-kui, hîng-tsìng tsoo-tsit, kuan-lī huat, tshâi-phuànn tsè-tōo\n* Tē-2 kuàn: Luē-bū hîng-tsìng (1)\n* Tē-3 kuàn: Luē-bū hîng-tsìng (1)\n* Tē-4 kuàn: Luē-bū hîng-tsìng (1), kun-bū hîng-tsìng\n* Tē-5 kuàn: Su-huat hîng-tsìng, tsâi-bū hîng-tsìng (1)\n* Tē-6 kuàn: Tsâi-bū hîng-tsìng (2)\n\nGotō Shinpei siū-ì liáu-āu, khai-sí tsìn-hîng guā-kok gú [en] ê huan-i̍k.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 織田萬 主編,\"臨時台湾旧慣調査会第一部報告 清国行政法\",巌松堂書店版,1936年. (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 臺灣總督府臨時臺灣舊慣調查會 (1996年). *番族慣習調查報告書*. 臺北: 中央研究院.  (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Ganshōdō tshik-tiàm (巌松堂書店)\n* GNU pian-e̍k-khì chi̍p-ha̍p\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 『臨時台湾旧慣調査会第一部報告 清国行政法』1936年巌松堂書店版（国立国会図書館數位館藏）(Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n\t+ 第一巻 汎論 (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n\t+ 第二巻 各論 第一編 内務行政 (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n\t+ 第三巻 各論 第一編 内務行政（第 (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n\t+ 第四巻 各論 第一編 内務行政（第三）・第二編 軍務行政 (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n\t+ 第五巻 各論 第三編 司法行政・第四編 財務行政 (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n\t+ 第六巻 各論 第四編 財務行政（第二） (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n\t+ 索引 (Ji̍t-pún-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chheng-kok hêng-chèng hoat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1281,3987,0.32129420617005267],"infobox":["
    Tshing-kok hîng-tsìng huat
    Chok-chiá\nTsú-pian Oda Yorozu [en]
    Original title\n清国行政法
    (Shinkoku Gyōseihō)
    Gí-giân\nJi̍t-gú
    Tê-châi\nHuat-lu̍t
    Lūi-hêng\nHîng-tsìng huat [de]
    Chhut-pán\nTâi-uân tsóng-tok-hú
    Chhut-pán-siā\nGanshōdō tshik-tiàm
    (巌松堂書店)
    Chhut-pán ji̍t-chí
    		\n1915 (tsiau 11)
    Bāng-chām\nTshing-kok hîng-tsìng huat: Lîm-sî tâi-uân kū-kuàn tiau-tsa-huē
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4221}} -{"text":"Au-chiu Phêng-gī-hoē ê hoē-oân kok tiong-kan ū saⁿ-kap tshiam-sú 1 hūn bûn-kiāⁿ, hō-chò **Au-chiu Jîn-koân Kong-iok**. I tsiâu-tsn̂g ê miâ-chheng sī **Pó-hō͘ Jîn-koân kap Ki-pún chū-iû ê Kong-iok** (*Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms*), iā i kán-séng ê Eng-bûn miâ *European Convention on Human Rights* koh thang kán-siá chò **ECHR**. In-ûi chit hūn kong-iok, só͘-í chiah ū Au-chiu Jîn-koân Hoat-īⁿ (*European Court of Human Rights*, ECoHR) ê sêng-li̍p. \n\nAu-chiu Phêng-gī-hoē ê hoē-oân kok ū gī-bū tio̍h chun-thàn Au-chiu Jîn-koân kong-iok ê hia̍p-gī.\n\nAu-chiu Jîn-koân Hoat-īⁿ ū koân tùi ǹg i thê-chhut ê sin-sò͘ iah-sī àn-kiāⁿ chò-chhut chhâi-koat. Nā ū lâng jīn-ûi ū Au-chiu ê kok-ka sńg-tn̄g i ê jîn-koân, án-ne i tō ē-tàng kā chit-ê tāi-chì pò khì hō͘ Au-chiu Jîn-koân Hoat-īⁿ ê hoat-koaⁿ. Hoat-koaⁿ ē thiaⁿ-sím jî-chhiáⁿ chò chhâi-koat, chit-ê chhâi-koat m̄-sī kui tī khang-khang, in-ūi hit-ê khan-sia̍p--tio̍h ê kok-ka ê chèng-hú tiāⁿ-tio̍h ài sūn-thàn.","meta":{"title":"Au-chiu Jîn-koân Kong-iok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,942,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1112}} -{"text":"\n**Au-chiu Jîn-koân Hoat-īⁿ** (Eng-gí kán-siá: **ECoHR**) hū-chek sím-phoàⁿ te̍k-sû ê àn-kiāⁿ. Chiah-ê àn-kiāⁿ sī kap jîn-koân ū tī-tāi--ê. Chit-ê hoat-īⁿ koh ū 1 ê khah sù-siông sú-iōng ê miâ, hō-chò : \"Strasbourg Hoat-īⁿ\" (*Strasbourg Court*).\n\nAu-chiu Phêng-gī-hoē ê hoē-oân kok saⁿ-kap kiàn-li̍p chit-ê jîn-koân hoat-īⁿ, bo̍k-tek sī beh liú-la̍k jîn-koân siong-koan ê kiù-hun, tī hoat-têng thiaⁿ tong-sū-chiá khòng-sò͘ kap hun-sò͘, pēng-chhiáⁿ chò sím-phoàⁿ. Au-chiu Jîn-koân Kong-iok lāi-té ū chē-chē koan-hē jîn-koân ê loē-iông, iā Au-chiu Jîn-koân Hoat-īⁿ chú-tiuⁿ lâng tio̍h lóng ū chiah-ê koân-lī chiah tio̍h.\n\nChit-ê hoat-īⁿ ū i ê hoat-koaⁿ. Hoat-koaⁿ ê lâng-gia̍h kap Au-chiu Phêng-gī-hoē ê hoē-oân kok sò͘-gia̍h sio-siâng, hiān-chhú-sî, Au-chiu Phêng-gī-hoē ū 47 ê hoē-oân kok, ta̍k kok lóng thang tī Au-chiu Jîn-koân Hoat-īⁿ ū 1 ūi hoat-koaⁿ, chóng--sī chiah-ê hoat-koaⁿ sī to̍k-to̍k khiā tiàm Au-chiu Jîn-koân Hoat-īⁿ ê li̍p-tiûⁿ, m̄-sī ūi in ka-tī ê kok.\nlūi-pia̍t","meta":{"title":"Au-chiu Jîn-koân Hoat-īⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[550,1519,0.3620803159973667],"infobox":["
    Au-chiu Jîn-koân Hoat-īⁿ
    Established\n
    \n
    • 1959 (initially)
      • \n
    • 1998 (permanent)
    \n
    Jurisdiction\n46 member states of the Council of Europe
    Location\nStrasbourg, France
    Coordinates\n48°35′48″N 07°46′27″E / 48.59667°N 7.77417°E / 48.59667; 7.77417
    Composition method\nAppointed by member states and elected by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
    Authorized by\nEuropean Convention on Human Rights
    Appeals to\nGrand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights
    Number of positions\n46 judges, one from each of the 46 member states
    Website\nwww.echr.coe.int \"Edit
    President
    Currently\nSíofra O’Leary
    Since\n2013 (judge), 2020 (President)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1122}} -{"text":" No. 23 thàm-chiam\n**Thàm-chiam** sī khí-kho tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sú-iōng ê ke-si. Thàm-chiam bóe-á ê chiam-toan sī kiám-cha chiù-khí ê sî, beh cheng-ka chhiok-kak iōng--ê. \n\nKú-tn̂g í-lâi, khí-kho-i lóng the̍h thàm-chiam lâi chhōe khí-iū-chit ê chiù-khang, m̄-koh kīn-lâi ū chi̍t-kóa khí-kho choan-gia̍p jîn-sū giâu-gî chit-koán hoat-tō·. In-ūi chiù-khí tú-khí-seng chí-sī chi̍t-jiah thoat-kài-hòa ê só·-chāi, iáu-bô khang-phāng sán-seng. In jīn-ûi sú-iōng thàm-chaim ē tī khí-iū-chit téng-bīn chè-chō jîn-ûi ê khang-li̍h. In jīn-ûi èng-kai thàu-kòe fluoride ê sú-iōng, kap chhùi-khiuⁿ oē-seng ê chip-hêng kā koh-kài-hòa thńg--lâi. Chit-ê cheng-lūn iáu leh kè-sio̍k, in-ūi bô chhiok-kám ê pang-chàn, ū-sî-chūn chiâⁿ-oh chín-toān chhut chiù-khí. \n\nThàm-chiam ū kún-na-khoán, siāng-chia̍p sú-iōng ê sī:\n\n* No. 23, kiò-chò *shepherd's hook*, it-poaⁿ the̍h i lâi kiám-cha kā-ha̍p-bīn ê chiù-khang.\n\nKî-thaⁿ iáu-ū:\n\n* No. 2, kiò-chò *cowhorn* he̍k *pigtail*, the̍h-lâi kiám-cha sió-āu-chan goán-sim C-E junction ê chiù-khang.\n* No.6, kiò-chò *right angle*, kiám-cha khí-hōaⁿ hū-kīn ê chiù-khang.\n* No. 17, kiò-chò *back-action*, kiám-cha chhùi-khí oán-sim-bīn ê chiù-khang.","meta":{"title":"Thàm-chiam","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[326,1138,0.28646748681898065],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1318}} -{"text":"\n\n| Tâi-phiò |\n| --- |\n| Kū-tâi-phiò |\n| Tē-it-thò Ti̍t-sek Sin-tâi-phiò |\n| Tē-jī-thò Ti̍t-sek Sin-tâi-phiò |\n| Tē-saⁿ-thò Ti̍t-sek Sin-tâi-phiò |\n| Tē-sì-thò Ti̍t-sek Sin-tâi-phiò |\n| Kim-Má Choan-iōng Choá-pè |\n| Tē-it-thò Hoâiⁿ-sek Sin-tâi-phiò |\n| Tē-jī-thò Hoâiⁿ-sek Sin-tâi-phiò |\n| Tē-saⁿ-thò Hoâiⁿ-sek Sin-tâi-phiò |\n| Tē-sì-thò Hoâiⁿ-sek Sin-tâi-phiò |\n| Tē-gō͘-thò Hoâiⁿ-sek Sin-tâi-phiò |\n| Sin-tâi-phiò ê gîn-kak-á |\n\n**Tē-gō͘-thò Hoâiⁿ-sek Sin-tâi-phiò** tī 1999 nî iû Tiong-iong Ìn-chè-chhiúⁿ ìn-chè, 2000 nî 7 goe̍h khai-sí hoat-hêng liû-thong. Chit-ê pán-pún thê-seng chin-gūi te̍k-teng, cheng-ka ki-khì piān-sek kong-lêng. Kiat-ha̍p Au-chiu-sek tiān-náu kò͘-tô͘ kap Bí-kok-sek chhiú-kang tiau-khek ki-gē. Lóng-chóng ū 2000 îⁿ, 1000 îⁿ, 500 îⁿ, 200 îⁿ kap 100 îⁿ 5 chióng bīn-gia̍h, put-kò 2000 kap 5000 îⁿ ê sú-iōng-lu̍t khah-kē. Tû-liáu 100 îⁿ kap 200 îⁿ pó-liû chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t ê hêng-siōng, 500 îⁿ bīn-gia̍h í-siōng kái-chò í kàu-io̍k, kho-ha̍k kap thé-io̍k chò-ûi chú-te̍k, pòe-bīn kái-chò í Tâi-oân pó-io̍k-lūi tōng-bu̍t kap hong-kéng bêng-sèng; siōng-kài te̍k-pia̍t ê sī 1000 îⁿ kap 500 îⁿ ê jîn-bu̍t sī chin-chiàⁿ ū hit-ê lâng chûn-chāi; kî-tiong, 1000 îⁿ ê pòe-bîn sī 4 ê gín-á, só͘-í tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hō͘ Tâi-oân-lâng hō-chò \"sió-pêng-iú\" (小朋友).\n\nIt-lám-piáu\n-----------\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Sin-tâi-phiò","meta":{"title":"Tē-gō͘-thò Hoâiⁿ-sek Sin-tâi-phiò","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[400,1261,0.317208564631245],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1517}} -{"text":"**Siu-ho̍k-thé** (*restoration*) sī beh siu-ho̍k chiù--khì ê chhùi-khí, hoê-ho̍k goân-té ê kong-lêng kap hêng-thài, he̍k cheng-ka chhùi-khí ê bí-koan. Siu-ho̍k-thé ū kúi-á-chióng châi-chit, siu-ho̍k ê hong-hoat ē-sái hun-chò ti̍t-chiap kap kàn-chiap 2 khoán. Ti̍t-chiap siu-ho̍k-thé sī tī chhùi-lāi chò--ê, ia̍h-tio̍h-sī it-poaⁿ só·-kóng ê thūn-chhùi-khí; ah kàn-chiap siu-ho̍k-thé sī tī chhùi-goā ê ki-kang-sek chè-chō hó chiah liâm khì chhùi-khí. Kàn-chiap ê chò-hoat tī chhùi-khí chhia hó, siu-ho̍k-thé iàu-bē tàu--khì-lih chin-chêng, ài ū chi̍t-ê lîm-sî ê siu-ho̍k-thé seng khǹg tī chhùi-khí koân-téng, î-chhî kā-ha̍p khong-kan kap chiap-chhiok tiám, chhiok-chìn kap pó·-chhî khí-chiu kap khí-chhoé ê cho·-chit, í-bián siū-siong. \n\nTiāⁿ khoàⁿ leh iōng ê ti̍t-chiap siu-ho̍k-thé ū gîn-sek ê gîn-hún, kap chhùi-khí-sek ê glass ionomer cement, resin-ionomer cement, ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí. Siâng-chāi iōng tio̍h ê kàn-chiap siu-ho̍k-thé ū kham-thé (khí-kho), koan-kài-thé (khí-kho), khí-lông, kap siuⁿ-bīn (鑲面, *veneer*); iōng tio̍h ê châi-chit ū ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí, iù-hûi-á (khí-kho), tô-chû (khí-kho), he̍k n̂g-kim khe-kim (khí-kho). \n\n* Chìn-chêng ê ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí kap chiù-khí\n* Ē-té ū chiù-khí\n* Ēng ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí têng-thūn hó-sè","meta":{"title":"Siu-ho̍k-thé (khí-kho)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[109,1247,0.08740978348035285],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1426}} -{"text":"**Ná-ui-gí** (Ná-ui-bûn: *norsk*) sī thong-hêng tī Ná-ui ê chi̍t-chióng Pak German giân-gú. Ná-ui-gí hām Sūi-tián-gí kap Tan-be̍h-gí ū chin-chhim ê koan-hē, chia-ê gí-giân ki-pún-siōng ē-sài siō-thong. \n\nNá-ui-gí ū 2-chióng koaⁿ-hong ê chiàⁿ-jī-hoat : *bokmål* (Bûn-giân Norge-bûn) kap *nynorsk* (Sin Ná-ui-bûn). Lēng-goā koh ū *riksmål* kap *høgnorsk* chit 2-chióng chiàⁿ-jī-hoat. Riksmål kap Bokmål ê cheng-chha bô goā-toā. Høgnorsk sī khah chió-sò· ê siá-hoat. Ná-ui kok-lāi chha-put-to 85-90% ê lâng iōng Bokmål, 10-15% ê lâng iōng Nynorsk siá Ná-ui-gí. Nynorsk chú-iàu thong-hêng tī Ná-ui ê se-pō· tē-khu. Si̍t-chè-siōng, 70-75 % ê lâng kóng ê Ná-ui-gí thó͘-ōe khah oá Nynorsk. Ū-ê só·-chāi kóng ê Ná-ui-gí thó͘-ōe kap thong-hêng ê Ná-ui-gí cheng-chha chin-toā, goā-tē ê Ná-ui-lâng khó-lêng ê thiaⁿ-bô.\n\nGí-giân thâu\n------------\n\nHiān-chú-sî thong-hêng tī Scandinavia tē-khu ê gí-giân sī àn kó·-chá ê Ná-ui gí-giân ián-piàn lâi-ê. Kin-kù thôan-thóng, Harald Fairhair Ông tī 872 nî thóng-it Ná-ui. Hit tong-sî ū iōng chi̍t-chióng kán-tan ê *runic* jī-bó lâi siá-jī. Iōng chio̍h-pi téng siá ê bûn-jī lâi khoàⁿ, bô-kâng só·-chāi kóng ê kó·-chá Norse gí cheng-chha bô-tōa. 1030 nî chó-iū, ki-tok-kàu thoân-ji̍p Norge, kah Latin jī-bó ín-chìn Ná-ui. 1 ê sè-kí liáu-aū, iōng Latin jī siá ê Ná-ui gí-bûn khai-sí chhut-hiān. Chha-put-to mā sī tī chit-ê sî-kan, Ná-ui-gí kap Ná-ui chhù-piⁿ thong-hêng ê gí-giân cheng-chha ná lâi ná toā.\n\nNá-ui-gí bûn-jī ê jī-bó\n-----------------------\n\nNá-ui-gí ū 29 ê jī-bó, thâu-chêng 26 ê kap Eng-gí iōng ê Latin jī-bó sio-siāng. Chòe-āu ke 3-ê jī-bó Æ, Ø kap Å. Tî-liáu che 29-ê jī-bó, ū iōng chi̍t-koá-á phiat-im hû-hō tī kui-ê bó-im téng-kôang: à, é, è, ê, ó, ò, ô. Chia-ê phiat-im hû-hō ê sú-iōng bô kiông-chè-sèng. M̄-koh, ū chió-sò· ê lē, ū phiat-im hû-hō ê gí-sū kap bô phiat-im hû-hō ê gí-sū ê ì-sù chha chin-chē. Pí-lūn-kóng:\nfor (for), fór (went), fòr (meadow) and fôr (fodder).\n\nBokmål, Riksmål, Nynorsk and Høgnorsk\n-------------------------------------\n\n* Piau-chún Ná-ui-gí/Norge-bûn : *Riksmål*, 1840s-1899.\n* Ná-ui kok-gí/kok-bûn, hiong-thó·-gí/hiong-thó·-bûn : *Landsmål*, 1848-1873.\n* Bûn-giân Ná-ui-gí/Norge-bûn : *Bokmål*\n* Sin Ná-ui-gí/Ná-ui-bûn : \"Nynorsk\"\n* Thong-iōng Ná-ui-gí/Ná-ui-bûn : \"Samnorsk\"\n\n### Hiān-tāi ê Ná-ui-gí\n\n#### Bokmål kap Nynorsk\n\nKap chin-chē Au-chiu ê kok-ka sio-siâng, Ná-ui ū chi̍t-ê koaⁿ-hong ê *úi-gôan-hōe* kiò *Norsk språkråd*.\nChit-ê úi-gôan-hōe koat-tēng sia-mi̍h sńg chèng-sek, piau-chún ê Ná-ui-gí jī-sû, bûn-hoat, kap jī-sû ê siá-hoat.\nTêng-kú í-lâi, úi-gôan-hōe chò chhut-lâi ê piau-chún tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ín-khí cheng-gī. Mā ē-sái kóng iá ū chin-chē sū-kan su-iàu ún-gôan-hōe khì án-nāi.\n\nNá-ui kàu taⁿ iû-gôan ū 2-thò koaⁿ-hong, chèng-sek ê bûn-jī siá-hoat/chiàⁿ-jī-hoat: Bokmål kap Nynorsk.\nBokmål chit-chióng kap m̄-sī koaⁿ-hong chèng-sek ê Riksmål chit 2-chióng ka khì-lâi chiàm (86-90 %).\nNynorsk chiàm (10-12 %). Nynorsk has its strongholds in Western Norway and the inland valleys. \n\nIn national broadcasting all scripted material is spoken in either Bokmål or Nynorsk, while interviews, talks etc. may be spoken in the dialect of the person speaking.\n\nKháu-gí hong-giân\n-----------------\n\nTōa-pō·-hūn ê lâng lóng tông-ì, in-ùi hong-giân kap hong-giân chi-kan ê cheng-chha án chin-sè kàu chin-tōa lóng ū, chin pháiⁿ kho·-kè ū kui-chióng hong-giân.\n\nHiān-chhú-sî sú-iōng ê thóng-kè\n-------------------------------\n\nChha-put-to· 85.3 % ê kok-tiong-seng kap sió-ha̍k-seng ê kàu-iok iōng Bokmål, 14.5% iōng Nynorsk. 18 kip í-siōng ê ha̍k-seng pit-su-iàu 2-chióng lóng ē-hiáu.\n\nNá-ui ū 434 ê hêng-chèng-khu, kî-tiong 162 ê hêng-chèng-khu koat-tēng iōng Bokmål ka tiong-iong chèng-hú kau-thong, 116 ê hêng-chèng-khu (chiàm 12 % jîn-kháu) koat-tēng iōng Nynorsk, 156 ê koat-tēng 2-chióng lóng ē-sái.\n\nNá-ui tī 2000 nî chhut-pán ê 4,549 hūn chut-pán-phín tiong-ng, 8% iōng Nynorsk, 92% iōng Bokmål/Riksmål.\nChôan-kok-séng ê tōa pò-chóa (*Aftenposten*, *Dagbladet* kap *VG*) iōng Bokmål/Riksmål. Chit-kōa tiòng-iàu ê khu-iok-sèng pò·-chóa (pau-koa *Bergens Tidende* kap *Stavanger Aftenblad*), chin-chē chèng-tī-sèng ê chap-chì, kap chin-chē tē-hng ê pò·-chóa iōng Bokmål mā iōng Nynorsk.\n\nLē\n--\n\nĒ-kha kú chi̍t-koa lē lâi soat-bêng Bokmål kap Nynorsk ê bô-kâng, mā sòa-chhiú kap pó-siú-hêng ê Riksmål (Chin-o̍ah ) kap Danish chò pí-kàu. \n\n* B=Bokmål\n* R=Riksmål\n* D=Tan-be̍h-gí\n* N=Nynorsk\n* H=Høgnorsk\n* E=Eng-gí\n\nB/R/D: Jeg kommer fra Norge \n\nN/H: Eg kjem frå Noreg. \n\nE: I come from Norway.\n\nB/R: Hva heter han? \n\nD: Hvad hedder han? \n\nN/H: Kva heiter han? \n\nE: What is his name?\n\nB/R/D: Dette er en hest. \n\nN/H: Dette er ein hest. \n\nE: This is a horse.\n\nB: Regnbuen har mange farger. \n\nR/D: Regnbuen har mange farver. \n\nN: Regnbogen har mange fargar. \n\nH: Regnbogen hev mange fargar. (*Or better*: Regnbogen er manglìta). \n\nE: The rainbow has many colours.\n\nGoā-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\nWikipedia\nWikipedia ū ***Ná-ui-gí*** ê pán-pún.\n\nWikipedia\nWikipedia ū ***Ná-ui-gí*** ê pán-pún.","meta":{"title":"Ná-ui-gí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[303,4530,0.06688741721854305],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5521}} -{"text":"Gmail ê sin phiau-chì\n**Gmail** (*Google Mail*) sī Google tī 2004 nî 4 goe̍h 1 hō hoat-pò͘ ê chi̍t-ê bián-hùi tiān-chú iû-kiāⁿ ho̍k-bū. Tī siāng-chá thui-chhut sî, sin sú-iōng-chiá su-iàu hiān-iú sú-iōng-chiá ê tiān-chú iû-kiāⁿ iau-chhiáⁿ. 2007 nî 2 goe̍h 7 hō, Google soan-pò͘ kā Gmail ê chù-chheh oân-choân khai-hòng. Lo̍h-bóe koh tī 2009 nî 7 goa̍h 7 hō ê sî, chèng-sek chhú-siau Beta phiau-chì, tī thui-chhut 5-tang-gōa āu chóng-sǹg choán-ûi chèng-sek pán-pún. Gmail siāng-chá thui-chhut sî ū 1 GB ê thú-chûn khong-kan, tōa-tōa thê-ko tong-sî bián-hùi phe-tâng iông-liōng ê piau-chún. Bo̍k-chiân, Gmail ê iōng-hō͘ í-keng ē-sái hiáng-iú chhiau-kòe 15 GB ê iông-liōng, pēng-chhiáⁿ ē-sái thong-kòe hù-chîⁿ chhú-tit khah-chē khong-kan. Nā-chún beh lēng-gōa sòe khah-chē ê khong-kan, ē-sái ēng ta̍k-kò-goe̍h 1.99 Bí-kim ê kè-siàu lâi chhú-tit 100 GB ê thú-chûn khong-kan. Gmail siāng hō͘ lâng o-ló ê sī i-ê sú-iōng kài-bīn, m̄-nā iông-ī sú-iōng jî-chhiáⁿ sok-tō͘ chin kín, chhú-gōa Gmail mā sī chi̍t-ê chhut-miâ ê AJAX èng-iōng.","meta":{"title":"Gmail","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1014,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1176}} -{"text":"**Hông-hoé Tn̂g-siâⁿ** (防火長城, Eng-gí: Great Firewall of China, kán-chheng: GFW), chèng-sek ê miâ-chheng kiò choè **Tiong-kok kok-ka hông-hoé-chhiông** (中國國家防火牆), sī Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok tī ka-kī kok-ka lāi-bīn choè ê chin toā ê Internet (bāng-chè-bāng-lō͘) hông-hoé-chhiông.\n\nChiah mih-á sī chèng-hú bēng-lēng choè ê, i ê chú-iàu siat-kè--chiá sī Tiong-kok kang-têng-īⁿ ê kang-têng-su Png Pin-heng. Chèng-hú choè chiah mih-á ê bo̍k-te̍k sī boē iông-ín i ê peh-sèⁿ khoàⁿ tio̍h chèng-hú jīn-uî tuì chèng-hú boē hó ê Internet (bāng-chè-bāng-lō͘) sìn-sit.\n\nGoogle, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter tíng-tíng chin chè sè-kài chhut-miâ ê bāng-chām hō͘ Tiong-kok chèng-hú hong-só. Wikipedia ê pō͘-hūn bûn-chiuⁿ iā hō͘ i hong-só. Bāng-chām hō͘ i hong-só, hō͘ Tiong-kok ê peh-sèⁿ kiò choè „hō͘-chhiông\". In nā sī siūⁿ chûn-chhú (tī Tiong-kok kiò choè liû-lám) hō͘ hong-só ê bāng-chām, pit-su sái hoan-chhiông nńg-thé. Chhiūⁿ Tor, Freegate, goagent kap Bû-kài-liû-lám án-ni ê nńg-thé lóng sī Tiong-kok lâng ài sái ê hoan-chhiông nńg-thé. Kî-tiong Freegate kap Bû-kài-liû-lám sī Hoat-lûn-kong khai-hoat ê.","meta":{"title":"Hông-hoé Tn̂g-siâⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1095,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1258}} -{"text":"Ngó͘-hêng\n**Ngó͘-hêng** (五行) sī Tiong-kok chū-kó͘-í-lâi Tō-ha̍k ê chi̍t chióng hē-thóng koan-tiám, kóng-hoàn èng-iōng tī Hàn-i-ha̍k, hong-súi, sǹg-miā, siòng-miā kap pok-kòa hong-bīn. Chiàn-kok sî-tāi ê im-iông-ka sī ngó͘-hêng ê khí-goân. Ngó͘-hêng ê ì-gī pau-hâm\nchioh-tio̍h im-iông ián-piàn kòe-têng ê 5 chióng ki-pún tōng-thài: **hó͘ⁿ** (火), **súi** (水), **bo̍k** (木), **kim** (金), **thó͘** (土).\n\nNā-sī im-iông sī chi̍t chióng kó͘-chá ê tùi-li̍p thóng-it ha̍k-soat, ngó͘-hêng ha̍k-soat ē-tàng kóng sī chi̍t chióng goân-sí hē-thóng lūn. Ngó͘-hêng ha̍k-soat jīn-ûi, tāi-chū-jiân ê hiān-siōng iû \"bo̍k, hó͘ⁿ, thó͘, kim, súi\" chit 5 chióng khì ê piàn-hòa só͘ hâm-kài, put-tàn èng-hióng tio̍h lâng ê ūn-miā, mā hō͘ ú-tiū bān-bu̍t sûn-khoân put-chí; i kiông-tiāu chéng-thé kài-liām, biâu-hōe liáu sū-bu̍t ê kiat-kò͘ koan-hē kap ūn-tōng hêng-sek. Tiong-kok ùi kó͘-chá kàu-taⁿ ê sî-sū hû-hō \"10 ê thian-kan\", in-ê ì-gī chham ngó͘-hêng kap im-iông bi̍t-chhiat koan-liân.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* **Ngó͘-hêng** tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn.","meta":{"title":"Ngó͘-hêng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[58,1052,0.055133079847908745],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1248}} -{"text":"**Khong-kan** chit-ê sû, tī koh-iūⁿ ê léng-he̍k lāi-té, ū bô-kâng ê ì-sù.\n\nBu̍t-lí-tek khong-kan sèng-chit\n-------------------------------\n\nĒng bu̍t-lí lâi kóng, khong-kan ū 2-khoán tia̍t-sèng: **choa̍t-tùi ê khong-kan** kap **siong-tùi ê khong-kan**.\n\nChoa̍t-tùi ê khong-kan sī Eng-kok ê bu̍t-lí ha̍k-chiá Newton the̍h-chhut--ê, I chú-tiuⁿ khong-kan sī sio-liân-soà--ê, chiâu-ûn--ê, bô-chè-hān--ê, khong-kan chiâⁿ-chò pau-koat chū-jiân-te̍k, keng-chè-te̍k kap siā-hoē-te̍k bān-hāng-mi̍h iông-khì ê lō·-iōng.\n\nTī Newton tùi khong-kan ê soat-bêng lāi-té, ū khan-sia̍p-tio̍h tiong-sè-kí ê chong-kàu koan-liām, tì-sú ū lâng kā hoán-tùi.\n\nIn-ūi án-ne, Tek-kok ê ha̍k-chiá Leibniz choaⁿ-á chú-tiuⁿ siong-tùi ê kong-kan koan-liām. I jīn-ûi khong-kan sī ta̍k-hāng mi̍h hō·-siōng-chi-kan ê koan-hē, chit-khoán koan-hē, ē-ēng-tit thàu-koè kí-hô-ha̍k iú-tiâu-iú-toāⁿ lâi poé-hoē. Iā-chiū-sī kóng, khong-kan ê sèng-chit, sī tī mi̍h-kiāⁿ kap mi̍h-kiāⁿ tiong-kan sio-lī ū goā-hn̄g lâi piáu-hiān.\n\nNewton kap Leibniz chit-2 phài, ū-bat oan kah chin kek-ka, liáu-aū, Einstein the̍h-chhut siong-tùi-lūn, koh ka-siōng ú-tiū kho-ha̍k ê hoat-tián, chhut-hiān khong-kan sī ú-tiū toā-phek-le̍k lâi sán-seng ê kheh-koan chûn-chāi ê khoàⁿ-hoat.\n\nChit-khoán chú-tiuⁿ, sī kā choa̍t-tùi ê khong-kan kap siong-tùi ê khong-kan tòng-chò chit-ê kheh-koan chûn-chāi ê 2-chióng sèng-chit, goân-té tùi-ngó͘-chhiong ê 2-khoán chú-tiuⁿ choaⁿ-á án-ne hông chò-hoé chiap-siū.\n\nSò·-ha̍k ê khong-kan\n--------------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nBu̍t-lí ê khong-kan\n-------------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nTē-lí-ha̍k ê khong-kan\n----------------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*","meta":{"title":"Khong-kan","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1656,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2056}} -{"text":"\n\n| Tiong-kok kok-kua [en] |\n| --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n|  \"Pu Tian Yue\" (hui kuan-hong) | 1878–1896\n |\n|  \"Tune of Li Zhongtang\" (hui kuan-hong) | 1896–1906\n |\n|  \"Praise the Dragon Flag\" (hui kuan-hong) | 1906–1911\n |\n|  \"Cup of Solid Gold\" | 1911–1912\n |\n|  \"Song of Five Races Under One Union\" | 1912–1913\n |\n|  \"Khing-hûn kua\" | 1913–1915\n |\n|  \"Tiong-huâ hiông-li̍p ú-tiū kan\" | 1915–1921\n |\n|  \"Khing-hûn kua\" | 1921–1928\n |\n|  \"Sam-bîn tsú-gī kua\" | 1928–present\n |\n|  \"Kok-tsè kua\" | 1931–1937\n |\n|  \"Gī-ióng-kun tsìn-hîng-khik\" | 1949–bo̍k-tsiân\n |\n\n |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n**Tiong-hôa Hiông-li̍p Ú-tiū-kan** (中華雄立宇宙間) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Pak-iûⁿ Chèng-hú tī 1915-nî 5-goe̍h chì 12-goe̍h kap 1916-nî chì 1921-nî ê kok-koa, mā-sī Tiong-hôa Tè-kok ê kok-koa. 1915-nî 5-goe̍h Pak-iûⁿ Chèng-hú Chèng-sū-tông (政事堂) Lé-chè-koán (禮制館) siū-bēng chè-chok kok-koa Tiong-hôa Hiông-li̍p Ú-tiū-kan. 1915-nî 5-goe̍h 23-hō, Oân Sè-khái chóng-thóng bēng-lēng pan-tēng Tiong-hôa Hiông-li̍p Ú-tiū-kan ûi kok-koa. 1921 nî, i-ê kok-koa tē-ūi hō͘ Kheng-hûn-koa lâi thè-tāi.\n\nKoa-sû\n------\n\nTiong-kok hiông-li̍p ú-tiū kan (中國雄立宇宙間) \n\nKhok-pat-sian (廓八埏) \n\nHôa-tiū lâi-chiông Khun-lūn-tian (華冑來從崑崙巔) \n\nKang-ô͘ hō-tōng san biân-liân (江湖浩蕩山綿連) \n\nKiōng-hô ngó͘-cho̍k khai Giâu-thian (共和五族開堯天) \n\nEk-bān-liân (億萬年)","meta":{"title":"Tiong-hôa Hiông-li̍p Ú-tiū-kan","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[427,1141,0.37423312883435583],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1477}} -{"text":"Lí Teng-hui tī 1988 nî 1 goe̍h kè-jīm Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chóng-thóng liáu-āu, Chiúⁿ-ka chip-chèng sî-tāi kiat-sok, Tâi-oân-lâng tē-it pái chhut-jīm kok-ka goân-siú, Tâi-oân siā-hōe iau-kiû chèng-tī bîn-chú-hòa ê ho͘-siaⁿ ji̍t-ek ko-tiòng. 1990 nî, tē-it kài Kok-bîn Tāi-hōe tāi-piáu soán-kí chóng-thóng sî ín-hoat Saⁿ-goe̍h ha̍k-ūn, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú tī 1991 nî kap 1992 nî oân-sêng kok-hōe gī-oân choân-bīn kái-soán liáu-āu, Bîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng kap Lí Teng-hui chóng-thóng tiō khai-sí thui-tōng **Chóng-thóng kap Hù Chóng-thóng tī Tâi-oân ê kong-bîn ti̍t-chiap soán-kí kap pā-bián**, tān-sī in-ūi Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng lāi pó-siú-phài chó͘-jiáu bô-hoat-tō͘ si̍t-hiān. Ūi-tio̍h beh pī-bián tī 1994 nî 12 goe̍h chek-chiong siú-tō͘ bîn-soán ê Tâi-oân-séng Séng-tiúⁿ ín-hoat Yeltsin hāu-èng, só͘-í tī 1994 nî 7 goe̍h siu-kái pēng tòng-kiat pō͘-hūn hiàn-hoat, tī soán-kí chóng-thóng kap hù-chóng-thóng sî sek-iōng Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Hiàn-hoat Cheng-siu Tiâu-bûn, kái-piàn chìn-chêng iû Kok-bîn Tāi-hōe tāi-piáu kàn-chiap soán-kí ê hong-sek. 1996 nî 3 goe̍h 23 hō, tī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chū-iû tē-khu (Tâi-oân, Phêⁿ-ô͘, Kim-mn̂g kap Má-chó͘) kí-hêng chóng-thóng ê tē-it pái ti̍t-chiap soán-kí.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* 1996 nî Tâi-oân chóng-thóng sóan-kí\n* 2000 nî Tâi-oân chóng-thóng sóan-kí\n* 2004 nî Tâi-oân chóng-thóng soán-kí\n* 2008 nî Tâi-oân chóng-thóng sóan-kí\n* 2012 nî Tâi-oân chóng-thóng sóan-kí\n* 2016 nî Tâi-oân chóng-thóng sóan-kí\n* 2020 nî Tâi-oân chóng-thóng sóan-kí\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân chóng-thóng soán-kí |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n* 1954 nî\n* 1960 nî\n* 1966 nî\n* 1972 nî\n* 1978 nî\n* 1984 nî\n* 1990 nî\n* 1996 nî\n* 2000 nî\n* 2004 nî\n* 2008 nî\n* 2012 nî\n* 2016 nî\n* 2020 nî\n* *2024 nî*\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chóng-thóng tī Tâi-oân ê kong-bîn ti̍t-chiap soán-kí kap pā-bián","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[377,1582,0.23830594184576487],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1959}} -{"text":"Niáu-chhí sîn-keng-gôan, le̍k-sek sī GFP ē piáu-hiān.\n**Le̍k-sek êng-kng nn̄g-pe̍h-chit**, Eng-gí **green fluorescent protein**, kán-siá **GFP**, sī chi̍t-khóan nn̄g-pe̍h-chit, ū 238-ê an-ki-sng, chit-liōng 26.9 kDa. GFP chi̍t khai-sí sī tùi ha̍k-miâ *Aequorea victoria* ê chúi-bó hun-lî chhut-lâi, chit khóan chúi-bó tī nâ-sek kng-sòaⁿ ē-kha ē hoat le̍k-sek ê êng-kng.\n\nChè-chō GFP ê ki-in ē-tàng chò ki-in piáu-ta̍t ê pò-tō ki-in (*reporter gene*). tī hiān-chāi ê sè-pau seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ia̍h hun-chú seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê gián-kiù lāi-té ū chin-chē èng-iōng. 2008 nî, Martin Chalfie, Osamu Shimomura kap Roger Y. Tsien in-ūi tùi GFP ê hoat-hiān chham gián-kiù, tit tio̍h Nobel Hòa-ha̍k Chióng.\n\nChham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Prendergast F, Mann K (1978). \"Chemical and physical properties of aequorin and the green fluorescent protein isolated from Aequorea forskålea\". *Biochemistry*. **17** (17): 3448–53. doi:10.1021/bi00610a004. PMID 28749.\n2. ↑ Tsien R (1998). \"The green fluorescent protein\" (PDF). *Annu Rev Biochem*. **67**: 509–44. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.509. PMID 9759496.\n3. ↑ Phillips G (2001). \"Green fluorescent protein--a bright idea for the study of bacterial protein localization\". *FEMS Microbiol Lett*. **204** (1): 9–18. doi:10.1016/S0378-1097(01)00358-5. PMID 11682170.\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Green fluorescent proteins*** |","meta":{"title":"Le̍k-sek êng-kng nn̄g-pe̍h-chit","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[566,1243,0.4553499597747385],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1519}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Bryde ê Hái-ang |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| | Kap lâng phēng toā-sè |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Mammalia |\n| A-kong: | Eutheria |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Cetacea |\n| A-bo̍k: | Mysticeti |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Balaenoptiidae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Balaenoptera* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***B. brydei******B. edeni*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Balaenoptera brydei***Olsen, 1913 |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Seⁿ-thoàⁿ tē-tô͘ |\n\n**Bryde ê Hái-ang** sī Balaenopteridae kho lāi-bīn liáu-kái siōng chhián ê chhiu-keng. In ê te̍k-cheng phēng kî-thaⁿ ê chhiu-keng khah te̍k-pia̍t. In ê sin-khu pí-kàu khah sè, chiah 25 kong-tùn tāng nā-tiāⁿ. Kî-thaⁿ kāng kho ê hái-ang kah-ì oá ke̍k-tē ê hân-tāi hái-he̍k, in soah khah hèng toà un-tāi, jia̍t-tāi oa̍h-tōng. In khah chia̍p oá hái-hoāⁿ, khah bô tī goā-hái cháu-chông. Sui-jiân in ū chhiu-keng te̍k-iú ê keng-chhiu, in ê chia̍h-mi̍h chha-put-to lóng sī hî-á, m̄ sī sió seng-bu̍t.\n\nHun-lūi\n-------\n\nŪ 2 chióng:\n\n* **É Bryde ê Hái-ang** (mā hō-chò **Eden ê Hái-ang**, *B. edeni*)\n* **Bryde ê Hái-ang** (*B. brydei*)\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* IUCN","meta":{"title":"Bryde ê Hái-ang","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[342,857,0.3990665110851809],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1277}} -{"text":"**\"Khoàⁿ hō͘ hó! Sè-kài!\"**(Koaⁿ-ōe: 看好了世界) sī chi̍t kù bāng-lō͘ liû-hêng-gí. Che sī tùit chi̍t tiâu siá tī 2021 nî 5 goe̍h 15 ji̍t--ê thui (tweet) lâi--ê, khí-thâu sī \"Khoàⁿ hō͘ hó! Sè-kài!\", siá kóng Tâi-oân-lâng kan-ta tián-sī chi̍t-kái hō͘ sè-kài khoàⁿ, tī 2 lé-pài lāi kā e̍k-chêng kéng-kài kàng kàu tē 2 kip. Hit tang-chun Tâi-oân po̍k-hoat giâm-tiōng te̍k-sû thoân-jiám-sèng hì-iām ê kûn-thé kám-jiám (cluster infection). Tān-sī, chē bô hiān-si̍t, tì-kàu bo̍k-piau lo̍h-bóe bô si̍t-hiān. In-chhú, ū-lâng kā khau-sé. It-ti̍t kàu 2021 nî 7 goe̍h 27 ji̍t, kéng-kài chiah kàng kàu tē 2 kip.\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Lô Ûn (羅勻) (2021-05-16). \"台灣人推特21字霸氣宣言「看好了世界」　引爆萬人病毒式瘋傳\". Kiàⁿ Thoân-mûi (鏡傳媒). 2021-08-28 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ Ngô͘ Giân (吳妍) (2021-07-08). \"防疫3金句淪今年最大笑話　「看好了世界」只排第二\". Kiàⁿ Thoân-mûi (鏡傳媒). 2021-08-28 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"指揮中心自7月27日至8月9日調降疫情警戒標準至第二級，請民眾持續配合防疫措施，守護彼此健康\". Ōe-seng Hok-lī-pō͘ Chi̍t-pēⁿ Koán-chè-sú(衛生福利部疾病管制署). 2021-07-23. 2021-08-28 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Khoàⁿ hō͘ hó! Sè-kài!","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[453,1057,0.42857142857142855],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1205}} -{"text":"\nBarbituric sng, só͘-ū ê barbiturate io̍h-bu̍t ê bó͘-kiat-kò͘ \n**Barbiturate io̍h-bu̍t** sī chi̍t-chióng ùi Barbiturate sng hòa-ha̍k ián-seng ê tìn-chēng io̍h-á. In tī i-ha̍k siōng iōng-chò khòng chiau-sim, ài-khùn io̍h-á kap khòng kiaⁿ-hiâⁿ io̍h-á, m̄-koh ū sin-thé kap sim-lí chiâⁿ giàn ê khó-lêng-sèng kap chia̍h kè-liōng, í-kip kî-thaⁿ khó-lêng ê put-lī éng-hióng. In in-ūi khòng chiau-sim kap tìn-chēng chok-iōng hông tòng-chò gû-lo̍k iōng-tō͘, só͘-í in-ūi sú-iōng siong-koan ê hong-hiám, tī tōa to-sò͘ kok-ka / tōe-khu siū-tio̍h khòng-chè.\n\nBarbiturate io̍h-bu̍t tōa pō͘-hūn tī siông-kui si̍t-bū i-liâu hō͘ benzodiazepine io̍h-bu̍t kap hui benzodiazepine io̍h-bu̍t (\"Z-io̍h-phín\") chhú-tāi, tek-pia̍t sī tī-liâu chiau-sim-chèng kap sit-bîn-chèng, in-ūi io̍h-á kè-liōng ê hong-hiám hián-bêng kàng-kē, koh ū khiàm-kheh barbiturate io̍h-bu̍t kè-liōng ê kái-to̍k-che. Tû-liáu che, barbiturate io̍h-bu̍t iû-goân ū ta̍k-khoán ê sú-iōng bo̍k-tek: tī choân-sin bâ-chùi, iûⁿ-hîn, kip-sèng phian-thâu-thiàⁿ, á-sī sok--khí-lâi ê thâu-thiàⁿ, kip-sèng kín-tiuⁿ-hêng thâu-thiàⁿ, an-lo̍k-sí, sí-hêng, kap hia̍p-chō͘ chū-sat.\n\nIōng-tō͘\n--------\n\n### Io̍h-lí\n\nBarbiturate io̍h-bu̍t, chhin-chhiūⁿ pian-jín barbital, tn̂g-kî sú-iōng chò khòng chiau-sim io̍h-á kap ài-khùn io̍h-á. Tiong-téng hāu-kó ê barbiturate io̍h-bu̍t sok-té ji̍p-bîn ê sî-kan, cheng-ka chéng-thé khùn-bîn sî-kan, kap kiám-chió REM khùn-bîn sî-kan. Kin-á-ji̍t in tōa-pō͘-hūn hông benzodiazepines chhú-tāi, chhut-tī chit-kóa bo̍k-tek, in-ūi āu-chiá ê io̍h-á kè-liōng ê to̍k-sèng khah chió. Chóng--sī, barbiturate io̍h-bu̍t iû-goân hông iōng-chò khòng kiaⁿ-hiâⁿ io̍h-á (pí-jū, pian-jín barbital kap primidone) kap kui-sin bâ-chùi (pí-jū, sodium thiopental).\n\nKoân che-liōng ê Barbiturate io̍h-bu̍t hông iōng-chò lîm-chiong ê i-liâu kiù-chō͘ , kap kun-bah pàng-sang-che kiat-ha̍p iōng tī an-lo̍k-sí kap chù-siā sí-hêng. Barbiturate io̍h-bu̍t tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ iōng tī sió tōng-bu̍t siù-i ê an-lo̍k-sí io̍h-á.\n\n### Gî-būn\n\nSodium thiopental sī chi̍t-chióng tek-pia̍t té-sî-kan chok-iōng ê barbiturate, iōng Sodium Pentothal ê miâ-chheng tī chhī-bīn hoàn-bē. I tiāⁿ hông jīn m̄-tio̍h chò \"láu-si̍t io̍h-á\", á-sī sodium amytal, chi̍t-chióng hông iōng-chò tìn-chēng kap tī-liâu sit-bîn ê tiong-téng chok-iōng hāu-kó ê barbiturate, m̄-koh mā hông iōng-chò lâng-kóng ê \"sodium amytal hōe-tâm\", tī hia lâng siū chi̍t-chit-khoán io̍h-á ê éng-hióng, hông mn̄g būn-tôe khah ū khó-lêng kóng láu-si̍t-ōe.  Tn̄g sodium amytal iûⁿ tī chúi lāi-bīn, ē-tàng thun, á-sī thàu-kè chhiⁿ-kun chù-siā thê-kiong io̍h-á. Chit-khoán io̍h-á bē kiông-pek lâng kóng si̍t-ōe, m̄-koh i hông jīm-ûi ē hō͘ lâng bē hia keng, kap kiám-oān chhòng-chok su-khó, hō͘ siū-chhì-chiá hông mn̄g ê sî-chūn khah iông-ī bē-hù hông-pī, kap cheng-ka siū-chhì-chiá thong-kè chêng-sū po̍k-hoat thàu-lō͘ chu-sìn ê khó-lêng-sèng. Kóng-pe̍h-chha̍t pí kóng si̍t-ōe koh-khah hok-cha̍p, tek-pia̍t sī tī tìn-chēng chhui-bîn io̍h-á ê éng-hióng chi-hā.\n\nSodium thiopental ín-khí ê kì-tî sún-hāi chok-iōng kap jīn-ti chiòng-gāi hông jīn-ûi ē kàng-kē siu-chhî-chiá hoat-bêng kap kì-tiâu pe̍h-chha̍t-ōe ê lêng-le̍k. Chit-chióng chok-hoat tī hoat-têng hông jīn-ûi bô ha̍p-hoat, in-ūi tiau-cha kiat-kó jīn-ûi chit-khoán sím-sìn ê siū-chhì-chiá khó-lêng ē hêng-sêng chhò-ngō ê kì-tî, tì-kàu thong-kè chit-khoán hong-hoat tit-tio̍h ê só͘-ū chu-sìn khó-khò-sèng siū-tio̍h chit-gî. Chiū-sǹg án-ni, tī bó͘-chióng chêng-hóng, tng tùi-siōng hông jīn-ûi ū koan-hē tùi chhái-iōng chit-ê chhek-lio̍k ê kok-ka á-sī ki-kò͘ ê an-choân tiōng-iàu chu-sìn ê sî, kok-hông kap chip-hoat ki-kò͘ iû-goân kā i iōng-chok khok-hêng sím-sìn ê \"jîn-tō\" tāi-thè hong-àn.\n\n### Hòa-ha̍k\n\nTī 1988, thong-kè 6 ê hō͘-pó͘ chúi-sò͘ -kiān kiat-ha̍p barbiturate lūi jîn-kang siū-thé ha̍p-sêng kap kiat-ha̍p gián-kiú í-keng hoat-piáu. Chū che tē-it-phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ liáu-āu, siat-kè bô-kâng lūi-hêng ê siū-thé kap bô-kâng ê barbiturate sng-iâm kap chhiⁿ jiō-sng-iâm, m̄-sī ūi-tio̍h in chò io̍h-á ê hāu-lut, sī ūi-tio̍h chhiau-hun-chú hòa-ha̍k, châi-liāu, kap hun-chú chong-tì ê khài-liām èng-iōng.\n\nKi-chhó hòa-ha̍k-bu̍t barbituric acid ê iu-soán IUPAC miâ-chheng sī 1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione. Bô-kâng ê barbiturate lūi io̍h-bu̍t tī ki-pún kiat-kò͘ téng-bīn ū bô-kâng ê chhú-tāi ki, chú-iàu sī tī khoân téng-koân ê 5 ūi-tì. Tī hiān-tāi hòa-ha̍k, barbiturate iâm thong-siông thong-kè Hirshfeld piáu-bīn lâi têng-hiān, hián-sī tī hun-chú chi-kan hō͘-siong chok-iōng , jî-chhiáⁿ iōng CrystalExplorer thêng-sek kè-sǹg.\n\nBarbiturate ê Hirshfeld piáu-bīn têng-hiān, 2018\nBarbital na̍h kap barbital mā í-keng iōng-chò seng-bu̍t gián-kiú ê PH ún-tēng-che, pí-jū, tī bián-e̍k tiān-siû á-sī kò͘-tēng iông-e̍k tiong.\n\nHun-lūi\n-------\n\nBarbiturate lūi ê io̍h-bu̍t kun-kù chok-iōng chhî-siok sî-kan chìn-hêng hun-lūi. Ta̍k-ê hun-lūi ê hoān-lē pau-koat:\n\n* Kek té-hāu (30 hun-cheng): thiopentone, methohexitone\n* Té-hāu (2 tiám-cheng): hexobarbitone, cyclobarbitone, pentobarbitone, secobarbitone\n* Tiong-kip hāu-kó (3–6 tiám-cheng): amobarbitone, butabarbitone\n* Tn̂g-hāu (6 tiám-cheng): phenobarbitone\n\nSek-èng-chèng\n-------------\n\nSú-iōng barbiturate lūi io̍h-bu̍t ê sek-èng-chèng pau-koat:\n\n* Kiù-kun\n* Sin-siⁿ-á kài-tn̄g chong-ha̍p-chèng\n* Sit-bîn\n* Chiau-sim\n* Ín-tō bâ-chùi\n\nHù-chok-iōng\n------------\n\nCheng-sîn-pīⁿ-ha̍k, hòa-ha̍k, io̍h-lí-ha̍k, hoat-i-ha̍k, liû-hêng-pīⁿ-ha̍k, í-kip kéng-chhat kap hoat-lu̍t ho̍k-bū léng-he̍k ê chiâⁿ-giàn choan-ka, tùi 20 chiòng liû-hêng ê ngô͘-lo̍k-sèng io̍h-bu̍t chìn-hêng delphic hun-sek. Barbiturate lūi io̍h-bu̍t tùi sin-thé ê gûi-hāi pâi tē-saⁿ miâ, tùi siā-hōe gûi-hāi pâi tē-sì miâ, sī i-nāi-sèng pâi tē-gō͘ miâ.\nTùi lāu-lâng kap ū-sin ê lâng lâi-kóng, su-iàu khó-lte̍k-sû ê hong-hiám. Tng 1 ê lâng pìⁿ lāu ê sî, sin-thé chheng-tû barbiturate lūi io̍h-bu̍t ê lêng-le̍k tō-ōe kiám-jio̍k. Só͘-í, 65 í-siōng ê lâng siū-tio̍h barbiturate lūi io̍h-bu̍t siong-hāi éng-hióng ê hong-hiám koh-khah koân, pau-koat io̍h-bu̍t i-nāi kap ì-gōa chia̍h kè-liōng. Tng hoâi-īn kî-kan chia̍h-tio̍h barbiturate io̍h-bu̍t ê sî, io̍h-bu̍t ōe thong-kè gín-á-i kàu the-jî. Iⁿ-á chhut-sì liáu-āu, khó-lêng ōe chhut-hiān kài-tn̄g chèng-thâu kap chhoán-khùi khùn-lân. Chhú-gōa, chia̍h-tio̍h barbiturate io̍h-bu̍t ê chhī-ni a-bú khó-lêng ōe thong-kè bú-ni kā io̍h-á thoân hō͘ iⁿ-á. Barbiturate lūi io̍h-bu̍t ê chi̍t-khoán hán-tit ê put-liông hoán-èng sī Stevens–Johnson chèng-hāu-kûn, chú-iàu éng-hióng liâm-mo̍͘h.\n\n### Tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ Chhut-hiān ê Hù-chok-iōng\n\n* Péng-pak\n* Kē-huih-ap\n* Thâu-thiàⁿ\n* Ài-khùn\n* Chhìn-mo͘h-nah\n\n### Serious side effects\n\n* Ì-sek bông-bū\n* Hun-bê\n* Hoàn-kak\n* Hun--khì\n* Chhián-chhoán-khùi\n\n### Hán-tit Hù-chok-iōng\n\n* Lia̍p-sè-pau khiàm-khoeh-chèng\n* Stevens–Johnson chong-ha̍p-chèng\n* Koaⁿ sún-siong\n* Kū-gê-sè-pau khiàm-huih\n\nChham-khó Chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Vaux, Bert and Scott Golder. 2003. The Harvard Dialect Survey Archived 30 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Linguistics Department.\n\n1. ↑ The most often cited standard pronunciation is /bɑːrˈbɪtjʊrɪt/ *bar-BIT-yuu-rit*; however, at least in the United States, the more commonly used colloquial pronunciation is /bɑːrˈbɪtjuɪt/ *bar-BIT-ew-it*.","meta":{"title":"Barbiturate io̍h-bu̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[858,6990,0.12274678111587983],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8073}} -{"text":"\n\n| Financial market |\n| --- |\n| Looking up at a computerized stocks-value board at the Philippine Stock Exchange |\n| * Kong-khai tshī-tiûnn\n* Exchange ·Securities\n |\n| Bond market |\n| * Bond valuation\n* Corporate bond\n* Fixed income\n* Government bond\n* High-yield debt\n* Municipal bond\n* Securitization\n |\n| Stock market |\n| * Common stock\n* Preferred stock\n* Registered share\n* Stock\n* Stock certificate\n* Tsìng-kuàn kau-i̍k-sóo (ETF...)\n |\n| \nOther markets |\n| Derivatives * (Credit derivative\n* Futures exchange\n* Hybrid security)\n \nForeign exchange * (Currency\n* Hoē-lu̍t)\n * Commodity\n* Money\n* Real estate\n* Reinsurance\n |\n| Over-the-counter (off-exchange) |\n| * Forwards\n* Options\n\n* Spot market\n* Swaps\n |\n| Trading |\n| * Participants\n* Regulation\n* Clearing\n |\n| \nRelated areas |\n| * Banks and banking\n* Finance\n\t+ corporate\n\t+ personal\n\t+ public\n |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n**Kau-i̍k-sóo kau-i̍k ki-kim** (ing-gú: exchange-traded fund (**ETF**); **tsí-sòo kóo-phiò-hîng ki-kim**) sī tsi̍t-tsióng tâu-tsu ki-kim hām kau-i̍k-sóo kau-i̍k sán-phín, tsik sī in teh tsìng-kuàn kau-i̍k-sóo kau-i̍k. ETF teh tsiânn-tsē hong-bīn kah kiōng-tông ki-kim sio-siâng, bô kāng-khuán ê sóo-tsāi teh ETF tsuân thinn-hāu teh tsìng-kuàn kau-i̍k-sóo uì kî-thann sóo-iú-tsiá bé-bē, lî-tshiánn kiōng-tông ki-kim tio̍h kin-kì i teh tsi̍t-ka-kang kiat-sok hit-tong-sî kè-siàu uì huat-hîng-jîn ê sóo-tsāi bé-bē. ETF tshî-iú kóo-phiò, tsè-kuàn, huè-pè, kî-huè ha̍p-iok hām/hi̍k kim-tiâu tíng-tíng siong-phín ê tsu-sán, thong-siông tshái-iōng thò-lī ki-tsè ūn-tsok, tsú-iàu teh hōo i-ê kau-i̍k tsiap-kīn i-ê tsu-sán tsīng-ti̍t, Sui-bóng ū-tang-sî-á mā-ē huat-sing phian-tsha ê tshut-hiān. Tuā-to-sòo ETF lóng sī tsí-sòo ki-kim [en]: mā tō sī kóng, in í kah bóo tsi̍t-ê kóo-phiò tshī-tiûnn tsí-sòosio-kâng ê pí-lē tshî-iú sio-kâng ê tsìng-kuàn. Bí-kok siong-siū huan-gîng ê ETF hok-tsè piau-tsún S&P 500 tsí-sòo, tsóng tshī-tiûnn tsí-sòo (total market index), NASDAQ-100 tsí-sòo,n̂g-kim kè-siàu, Russell 1000 tsí-sòo tang-tiong ê \"sîng-tióng\" kóo-phiò hi̍k-tsiá siōng-tuā kho-ki kong-si ê tsí-sòo. Tû-liáu bô thàu-bîng ê tsú-tōng kuán-lí-hîng ETF tsi-guā; teh tuā-to-sòo ê tsîng-hóng tsi-hā, ta̍k-ki ETF ióng-iú ê kóo-phiò tshing-tuann kah i-ê khuân-tāng tāng lóng--ê -ta̍k-kang huat-pòo teh huat-hîng-jîn ê bāng-tsām tíng-kuân. Siōng-tuā ê ETF ê nî-huì uî taut-su-gia̍h ê 0.03%, sīm-tsì koh-khah kē, sui-bóng tsuan-gia̍p ETF ê nî-huì khó-lîng uán-uán tshiau-kuè tâu-tsu kim-gia̍h ê 1%. Tsia--ê huì-iōng sī thong-kuè uì siong-kuan tshî-kóo hi̍k-tsiá tshut-siū tsu-sán tang-tiong hi̍k-tik ê kóo-sik [en] tsi-hù hōo ETF huat-hîng-jîn ê.\n\nETF kā tsū-sin ê sóo-iú-kuân uē-hun tsò kóo-tong tshî-iú ê kóo-hūn. Kiat-kòo ê sè-tsiat (pí-jû kong-si hi̍k-tsiá sìn-thok) kin-kì kok-ka/tē-khu jî-lâi piàn-ī, tsiū-nā teh tsi̍t-ê kok-ka lāi mā khó-lîng tsûn-tsāi tsiânn-tsē tsióng khó-lîng ê kiat-kòo. Kóo-tong tsi-kan kàn-tsiap ióng-iú ê tsu-sán, in it-puann ē hi̍k-tik nî-tōo pò-kò. Kóo-tong ū-kuân hun-hióng lī-lūn, pí-jû lī-sit hi̍k-tsiá kóo-sit, nā tsún-kóng ki-kim tsìn-hîng tshing-sǹg, in tio̍h-ē ū-kuân hi̍k-tik jīm-hô tshun-ê kè-ta̍t.\n\nIû-î sîng-pún kē, suè-siu hāu-lu̍t kuân kah khó kau-i̍k-sìng, ETF tsok-uî tâu-tsu khó-lîng kū-iú khip-ín-li̍k.\n\nTsia̍t-tsí 2021-nî 8-gue̍h, tsuân-kiû 9 bān-ik bí-guân tâu-tsu teh ETF, kî-tiong 6.6 bān-ik bí-guân tâu-tsu teh Bí-kok.\n\nTeh Bí-kok, siōng-tuā ê ETF huat-hîng-jîn sī ióng-iú 35% tshī-tiûnn hūn-gia̍h ê BlackRock iShares, ióng-iú, 28% tshī-tiûnn hūn-gia̍h ê Vanguard Group, ióng-iú 14% tshī-tiûnn hūn-gia̍h ê State Street Global Advisors, ióng-iú 5% tshī-tiûnn hūn-gia̍h ê Invesco, í-ki̍p Charles Schwab kong-si ióng-iú 4% tshī-tiûnn hūn-gia̍h\n\nHong-pì-sik ki-kim bô hông khuànn-tsò ETF, tsik-sú in sīki-kim pīng-tshiánn teh kau-i̍k-sóo kau-i̍k. Kau-i̍k-sóo kau-i̍k phiò-kì [en] (ETN; tsí-sòo tâu-tsu tsìng-kuàn) m̄ sī kau-i̍k-sóo kau-i̍k ki-kim ê tsè-bū kang-kū.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"ETFs 101\". Fidelity Investments.\n2. ↑ \"Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)\". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.\n3. ↑ \"Add an ETF without breaking the bank\". Vanguard Group [en].\n4. ↑ \"A Guide To Understanding Mutual Funds (2007)\" (PDF). Investment Company Institute.\n5. ↑ \"17 CFR Parts 239, 270, and 274 Exchange-Traded Funds; Proposed Rule\" (PDF). U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. March 18, 2008. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī July 6, 2017 hőng khó͘-pih. August 27, 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ \"Largest ETFs: Top 100 ETFs By Assets\". ETFdb.\n7. ↑ \"SPDR ETFs: Basics of Product Structure\". State Street Global Advisors. July 30, 2014. goân-loē-iông tī February 20, 2017 hőng khó͘-pih.\n8. ↑ \"ETFs Changing the Way Advisors Do Business, According to State Street and Wharton Study\" (Press release). Business Wire. June 10, 2008.\n9. ↑ Wursthorn, Michael (August 12, 2021). \"Global ETF Assets Hit $9 Trillion\". *The Wall Street Journal*.\n10. ↑ \"Market share of largest providers of Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) in the United States\". Statista.\n\nÊn-sin ua̍t-to̍k\n----------------\n\n* Carrell, Lawrence. *ETFs for the Long Run: What They Are, How They Work, and Simple Strategies for Successful Long-Term Investing*. Wiley, September 9, 2008. ISBN 978-0-470-13894-6\n* Ferri, Richard A. *The ETF Book: All You Need to Know About Exchange-Traded Funds*. Wiley, January 4, 2011. ISBN 0-470-53746-9\n* Humphries, William. *Leveraged ETFs: The Trojan Horse Has Passed the Margin-Rule Gates*. 34 Seattle U.L. Rev. 299 (August 31, 2010), available at Seattle University Law Review.\n* Koesterich, Russ. *The ETF Strategist: Balancing Risk and Reward for Superior Returns*. Penguin Books, May 29, 2008. ISBN 978-1-59184-207-1\n* Lemke, Thomas P.; Lins, Gerald T. & McGuire, W. John. *Regulation of Exchange-Traded Funds*. LexisNexis, 2015. ISBN 978-0-7698-9131-6\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* State Street Global Advisors\n* The Vanguard Group\n* LexisNexis\n* Penguin Books\n* Wiley\n* Fidelity Investments\n* Statista\n* Business Wire\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* A brief history of ETFs – Trackinsight\n* Exchange Traded Funds (ETF) – Australian Stock Exchange (ASX)\n* Exchange Traded Funds (ETF) – Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE)\n* Exchange Traded Funds (ETF) – London Stock Exchange (LSE)\n* Exchange Traded Funds (ETF) – Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX)\n* Exchange Traded Products – New York Stock Exchange\n* Funds + ETFs – NASDAQ Stock Market\n* The ETF Hall of Fame: 25 People Who Revolutionized the ETF Industry – ETF Database\n* What are ETFs? – Trackinsight","meta":{"title":"Kau-e̍k-só͘ kau-e̍k ki-kim","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2611,5621,0.46450809464508097],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6873}} -{"text":"**Tē-gō͘ Kiōng-hô-kok** (第五共和國) sī Tāi-hân Bîn-kok le̍k-sú-siōng ê chèng-koân. 1979 nî 10 goe̍h 26 hō, Hân-kok chóng-thóng Phok Chèng-hi pī àm-sat sin-bông liáu-āu, sî-jim chóng-lí Chhui Kui-hā kè-jīm chóng-thóng, bô-goā-kú kok-kun pó-an su-lēng-koaⁿ Choân Tó͘-hoàn siáu-chiòng hoat-tōng 12·12 kun-sū poān-loān, choân-bīn chiáng-ak kok-ka ê kun-chèng tāi-koân, Chhui Kui-hā lo̍h-bóe pī pek lo̍h-tâi, Hân-kok chìn-ji̍p Tē-5 Kiōng-hô-kok sî-kî, Choân Tó͘-hoàn tián-khui i kīn-oá 8 tang ê to̍k-chhâi thóng-tī.\n\n1987 nî 6 goe̍h, Hân-kok po̍k-hoat toā kui-bô͘ ê **La̍k-goe̍h bîn-chú ūn-tōng**. Sū-āu bô-goā-kú sî-jīm chóng-thóng Choân Tó͘-hoàn ê chiap-pan-jîn kiam chóng-thóng hāu-soán-jîn Lô͘ Thài-gû tī kāng-nî ê 6 goe̍h 29 hō soan-pò͘ sek-hòng só͘-ū chèng-tī ī-kiàn jîn-sū, pau-hâm hoán-tùi-tóng léng-siù Kim Tāi-tiong téng-téng. Lô͘ Thài-gû kāng-sî soan-pò͘ kí-hêng kong-bîn tâu-phiò siu-kái hiàn-hoat, khoe-ho̍k chóng-thóng kap kok-hōe ê ti̍t-chiap soán-kí. 10 goe̍h 27 hō, Hân-kok Kok-hōe thong-kòe sin hiàn-hoat, kiàn-li̍p Tē-6 Kiōng-hô-kok. 12 goe̍h 19 hō, Lô͘ Thài-gû chiâⁿ-chò Hân-kok chin-chiàⁿ ì-gī-siōng tē-it ūi bîn-soán chóng-thóng. La̍k-goe̍h bîn-chú ūn-tōng pī khoàⁿ-chò sī Hân-kok bîn-chú hoat-tián ê tiōng-iàu lō͘-chām-pi. 1988 nî 2 goe̍h 25 hō, Lô͘ Thài-gû chèng-sek chiap-thè Choân Tó͘-hoàn chhut-jīm tē-13 jīm Tāi-hân Bîn-kok Chóng-thóng, Tē-5 Kiōng-hô-kok kiat-sok, kāng-sî iā kiat-sok Hân-kok oá 40 tang ê kun-sū to̍k-chhâi thóng-tī. Tē-6 Kiōng-hô-kok sêng-li̍p, Hân-kok chèng-sek tián-khui bîn-chú-hoà sî-kî.\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTāi-hân Bîn-kok ê le̍k-sú |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Tāi-hân Bîn-kok Lîm-sî Chèng-hú - Bí Kun-chèng-thaiⁿ - Tē-1 Kiōng-hô-kok - Tē-2 Kiōng-hô-kok (Kok-ka Chài-kiàn Chòe-ko Hōe-gī) - Tē-3 Kiōng-hô-kok - Tē-4 Kiōng-hô-kok - Tē-5 Kiōng-hô-kok - Tē-6 Kiōng-hô-kok | |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tē-gō͘ Kiōng-hô-kok (Tāi-hân Bîn-kok)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[240,1771,0.13551665725578768],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2108}} -{"text":"Au-chiu ê kî: chit bīn kî-á kāng-sî hō͘ Au-chiu Phêng-gī-hoê kap Au-chiu Liân-bêng teh sú-iōng.\n**Au-chiu Phêng-gī-hoē** (Eng-gí: *Council of Europe*, Hoat-gí: *Conseil de l'Europe* /kɔ̃ˈsɛj.də.lˈœʁɔp/, Tek-gí: *Europarat* /ɔɪ.ˈʁoː.pʰaˌʁaːtʰ/) sī 1 ê ū 47 ê hoē-oân kok ê Au-chiu kok-chè cho͘-chit. I ū sêng-kong tī 1950 nî chè-tēng Au-chiu Jîn-koân Kong-iok (*European Convention on Human Rights*), chit-ê kong-iok tī āu--lâi chiâⁿ-chò Au-chiu Jîn-koân Hoat-īⁿ (*European Court of Human Rights*) ê ki-chhó͘.\n\nI ê chóng-pō͘ tī Hoat-kok ê Strasbourg, oá Hoat-kok kap Tek-kok ê kau-kài. Pún-té in khui-hoē ê só͘-chāi sī Strasbourg Tāi-ha̍k--ni̍h hō-chò \"University Palace\" ê toā-lâu, chū 1977 nî in tō lóng tiàm lī chhī-tiong-sim iok-kî-lio̍k 2 kong-lí ê Au-chiu Tiān-tông (*Palais de l'Europe*) chū-hoē kap pān-kong--a.\n\nAu-chiu Phêng-gī-hoē hoan-gêng Au-chiu ê bîn-chú kok-ka ka-ji̍p, beh chò i ê hoē-oân, tio̍h chiap-siū hoat-tī ê goân-chek, khak-si̍t-tek pó-chiòng ki-pún ê jîn-koân kap kong-bîn ê chū-iû.\n\nAu-chiu Phêng-gī-hoē kap Au-chiu Liân-bêng Lí-sū-hoē (*Council of the European Union*) iah Au-chiu Lí-sū-hoē(*European Council*) sī bô-kâng ê ki-kò͘, i pēng bô hù-sio̍k tī Au-chiu Liân-bêng ê ē-kha.\n\nChhiáⁿ chham-khó\n----------------\n\n* Au-chiu Liân-bêng\n* Au-chiu An-choân kap Ha̍p-chok Cho͘-chit (*Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe*)\n\nPa̍t-ê bāng-ia̍h\n----------------\n\n* Au-chiu Phêng-gī-hoē - Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām","meta":{"title":"Au-chiu Phêng-gī-hoē","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[147,1320,0.11136363636363636],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1584}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\nN̂g-lêng-kî\n**N̂g-lêng-kî** sī Chheng-kok 1888 nî í-āu iōng ê kok-kî.\n\nPōe-kéng\n--------\n\nSiōng-chá Tiong-kok bô kok-kî ê kài-liām, m̄-koh àn-chiàu hit-tang-chūn ê kok-chè si̍p-koàn, nā chûn bô kòa kok-kî tio̍h ē hőng tòng-chò sī hái-chha̍t, só͘-í Tiong-kok-lâng tio̍h tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kòa gōa-kok kok-kî lâi bō͘-e̍k, chō-sêng chi̍t-kóa gō͘-hōe, tio̍h put-sî ū gōa-kok tāi-sài kiàn-gī Chheng-kok mā ka-kī chè-tēng chi̍t-ê kok-kî, hong-piān in chai-iáⁿ he sī tó-ūi lâi ê chûn, mā hong-piānTiong-kok-lâng chò seng-ì.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Saⁿ-kak N̂g-lêng-kî\n\nSaⁿ-kak N̂g-lêng-kî\n1862 nî khai-sí, Chheng-kok chè-tēng saⁿ-kak-hêng ê kî-á lâi khǹg tī koaⁿ-chûn téng-koân, m̄-koh chèng-hú iá-sī bô kā i tòng-chò sī kok-kî.\n\n### Tn̂g-ko-hêng N̂g-lêng-kî\n\n1881 nî, Chheng-kok hoat-hiān tio̍h pat-ê kok-ka lóng-sī iōng tn̂g-ko-hêng ê kî-á, soah kā Saⁿ-kak N̂g-lêng-kî kái-chò tn̂g-ko-hêng.\n\nChheng-kok koaⁿ-oân tī gōa-kok ê sî, khòaⁿ-tio̍h pa̍t-ê kok-ka lóng ū ka-kī ê kî-á, kan-na Chheng-kok bô mi̍h-kiāⁿ thang kòa, tio̍h chhiáⁿ Chû-hi Thài-hiō chè-tēng kok-kî, siōng-bóe i soán-te̍k N̂g-lêng-kî chò Chheng-kok kok-kî, pēng-chhiáⁿ soaⁿ-po͘ tùi Kong-sū 14 nî (1888 nî) khai-sí, N̂g-lêng-kî chiâⁿ-chò Tāi-chheng kok-kî.","meta":{"title":"Chheng-kok kok-kî","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[46,1220,0.03770491803278689],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1380}} -{"text":"**Kàu-hōe kap Kok-ka ê hun-lī** (Eng-gí: *separation of church and state*), thoân-thóng ê hoan-e̍k sī **chèng-kàu hun-lī** (政教分離), sī chong-kàu cho͘-chit (*religious organizations*) kap kok-ka ê koân-le̍k hō͘-siong pun--khui ê chèng-tī hêng-thài. Chèng-kàu hun-lī sī hiān-tāi chèng-tī-ha̍k ê chi̍t hāng goân-chek, goân-chū Au-chiu chiām-chiām pái-thoat chong-kàu khòng-chè ê kho-ha̍k kek-bēng, khé-bông ūn-tōng, bûn-gē-ho̍k-heng kap chong-kàu kái-kek, peng-chhiáⁿ chiâⁿ-chò Au-bí chèng-tī ha̍k-soat ê chú-liû koan-tiám. Hiān-tāi siā-hōe ê chhu-sè sī hiòng sè-sio̍k-chú-gī ê hong-hiòng lâi hoat-tián, in-chhú tì-sú chong-kàu kap chèng-tī ê sè-le̍k bô hō͘-siong kau-chhap, chèng-tī chòe-āu koat-tēng bô-ài siū-tio̍h chong-kàu ê éng-hióng. Chèng-kàu hun-lī ê che-tō͘ tùi pó-chiòng chong-kàu chū-iû ū it-tēng thêng-tō͘ ê pang-chō, khak-pó bô-kāng chong-kàu ē-ēng ū sìn-gióng chū-iû ê khong-kan.","meta":{"title":"Kàu-hōe kap kok-ka ê hun-lī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,898,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1024}} -{"text":"\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n|  Chu-chúPek-ka |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Jû-ka |\n| |\n| Tō-ka |\n| |\n| Hoat-ka |\n| |\n| Be̍k-ka |\n| |\n| Bêng-ka |\n| |\n| Im-iông-ka |\n| |\n| Chhiòng-hêng-ka |\n| |\n| Cha̍p-ka |\n| |\n| Lông-ka |\n| |\n| Sió-soat-ka |\n| |\n| Peng-ka |\n| |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n |\n\n**Bêng-ka** (名家) sī Tiong-kok Chiàn-kok sî-tāi ê Chu-chú Pek-ka chi-it. Bêng-ka ê jîn-bu̍t tī kó͘-chá sî-tāi sī \"piān-chiá\" chhut-miâ. Piān-chiá ēng \"si̍t\" (實) kap \"bêng\" (名) lâi chhián-su̍t koan-tiám, hêng-sêng chi̍t-thò lô-chek lí-lūn. Che sī Tiong-kok lô-chek-ha̍k ê ki-chhó͘. Tī Su-má Tâm ê *Lūn Lio̍k-ka Iàu-chí* kap Pan Kò͘ ê *Hàn-su* *Gē-bûn-chì* lāi lóng ū kóng tio̍h Bêng-ka. Bêng-ka ê tāi-piáu jîn-bu̍t ū Kong-sun Liông, Sòng Kian, Ún Bûn, Tēng Sek kap Hūi Si.","meta":{"title":"Bêng-ka (Chu-chú Pek-ka)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[124,579,0.2141623488773748],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1053}} -{"text":"\n**Minions** (ing-gú: Minions /ˈmɪnjənz/; **kóo-tsui [en] kha-á**) sī tsi̍t-tsióng hi-kòo ê n̂g-sik sing-bu̍t, tshut-hēn teh Illumination [en] kong-si ê \"Despicable Me [en]\" hē-lia̍t tang-tiong. Minions ê ti̍k-tiám sī in gín-á-khì ê hîng-uî kah in-ê gú-giân, tse teh tsiâñ-tuā thîng-tōo siōng sī tsiàñ-phài lí-kái ê.\n\nMinions sī Illumination ê kuann-hong kiat-siông-bu̍t [en], tsū 2013-nî siu-kòo [en] Illumination ê bú-kong-si NBCUniversal [en] í-lâi, \"The New York Times\" mā kā-i biâu-su̍t uî Comcast [en] ê \"khì-gia̍p ngóo-siōng\"; luī-sū Walt Disney kong-si ě Mickey Mouse, Warner Bros. Discovery kong-si [en] ê Bugs Bunny, Paramount Global kong-si [en] ê SpongeBob SquarePants (kak-sik) [en], hi̍k-tsiá Universal Pictures [en] ê Woody tok-tshiū-tsiáu [en].\n\nKevin, Stuart, hām Bob sī ta̍k-ke siōng si̍k-sāi ê sann-ê minion, In teh tiān-iáñ Minions (tiān-iáⁿ) [en] (2015) kah sio̍k-tsi̍p Minions: Gru ê ku̍t-khí [en] (2022) lāi-té tshut-én bîng-tsheñ. Tsiâñ-tsē kî-thañ ê Millions teh tēn-iáñ kah ti̍k-hú king-îng ê kî-thañ muî-thé lāi-té lóng hông kóng-tio̍h. Millions sī-iû kè-su̍t tsóng-kàm Eric Guillon sóo tshòng-tsok ê, Eric Guillon mā pat tsham-ú kuè kui-poow Illumination [en] kong-si ê tēn-iáñ.\n\nTsù-sik\n-------\n\n1. ↑ On occasion, there have been some times where Minions speak certain languages. In *Despicable Me 2*, two Minions toast with a common Japanese saying. (Eng-gí)\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Want To Learn Minion Language? Here's A List Of Minion Words And Their English Translations\". Tech Times. goân-loē-iông tī November 8, 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. 2020-07-23 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Hia̍p-chàu-khek (Hia̍p-tsàu-khik/Concerto)\n* Hái-pò (poster)\n* Ki-hāi thoân-tōng (ki-hāi thuân-tōng/car suspension）\n* M60 tank(M60 tsèn-tshia)\n* CBS [en]\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Minions*** |\n\n* Minions Kung fu Dance Dojo (Eng-gí)\n* Here's How They Created Minionese, the Language of the Minions (Eng-gí)\n* The Subtle Genius of Minionese | Mental Floss (Eng-gí)\n* Rare language services (Eng-gí)\n* Minionese,Language of the Minions: Origin, Vocabulary and Grammar (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Minions (Despicable Me)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[854,2045,0.4176039119804401],"infobox":["
    Minions
    (Kóo-tsui [en] kha-á)
    \nDespicable Me race
    Tshòng-tsō-jîn\nEric Guillon
    Ú-tiū tang-tiong ê sìn-sit
    Gú-giân\nMinionese
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2333}} -{"text":"**Yamaguti Kinzi** (山口謹爾; 1883 nî 4 goe̍h 17 ji̍t – 1931 nî 1 goe̍h 27 ji̍t) sī Tâi-oân ê i-ha̍k-chiá, te̍k-pia̍t choan-bûn tī chôa-to̍k ê tiòng-to̍k kiam hiat-chheng gián-kiù.\n\nLâi-le̍k\n--------\n\nI sī Nagasaki koān chhut-sin--ê, 1904 nî tùi Nagasaki I-ha̍k Choan-bûn Ha̍k-hāu chut-gia̍p, āu--lâi chò lio̍k-kun kun-i. Lî-khui kun-tūi liáu-āu, tī Nagasaki chò i-choan kiam sè-kún kiám-cha-só͘ ê cho͘-chhiú. 1913 nî 7 goe̍h 5 ji̍t, i khai-sí chò Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Gián-kiù-só͘ (1921 nî kái Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-só͘) ê ki-su. 1922 nî 10 goe̍h i kòe Au-chiu chò gián-kiù, 1923 nî tit tio̍h i-ha̍k phok-sū ha̍k-ūi.\n\nTû-liáu i-ha̍k sū-gia̍p, i ia̍h pat ōe Se-iûⁿ-ōe *Chēng-bu̍t* (靜物) ji̍p-soán tē-1-hôe ê Tâi-oân Bí-su̍t Tián-lám-hōe.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. 1 2 内閣 (1931-06-27). 故台湾総督府中央研究所技師山口謹爾勲章加授ノ件 (Report). 2017-06-25 khòaⁿ--ê – via 国立公文書館.\n2. 1 2 小林準一 (1931-02-28). \"畏友山口謹爾君を憶ふ\". *臺灣公衆醫事雜誌*. 臺灣公衆醫事雜誌社. **4** (2).\n3. ↑ 臺灣日本畫協會, pian. (1928). *第一回臺灣美術展覽會圖錄*. 臺灣日本畫協會.","meta":{"title":"Yamaguti Kinzi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[272,981,0.27726809378185524],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1166}} -{"text":"Saⁿ-kak hâm-sò͘: \nchèng-hiân, \nû-hiân, \nchèng-chhiat, \nû-kat, \nchèng-kat, \nû-chhiat\n**Saⁿ-kak hâm-sò͘** (三角函數) sī tī sò͘-ha̍k tiong chia̍p-chia̍p sú-iōng ê chi̍t chióng koan-î kak-tō͘ ê hâm-sò͘. Saⁿ-kak hâm-sò͘ tī saⁿ-kak-hêng kap îⁿ-hêng ê kí-hô sèng-chit ê gián-kiù tiong, ū chin tiōng-iàu ê chok-iōng; lēng-gōa iā sī teh gián-kiù chiu-kî hâm-sò͘ ê ki-chhó sò͘-ha̍k kang-khū. Tī sò͘-ha̍k hun-sek lāi-bīn, saⁿ-kak hâm-sò͘ iā pī tēng-gī chò bû-kiông kip-sò͘ ia̍h-sī te̍k-tēng ê bî-hun hong-têng-sek ê kái.\n\nChia̍p-khoàⁿ ê saⁿ-kak hâm-sò͘ ū chèng-hiân, û-hiân kap chèng-chhiat. Tī hâng-hái-ha̍k, chhek-hōe-ha̍k kap kang-têng-ha̍k téng-téng kî-thaⁿ ha̍k-kho tiong, iā ē sú-iōng tio̍h û-chhiat, chèng-kat kap û-kat téng-téng saⁿ-kak hâm-sò͘. Bô-kāng ê saⁿ-kak hâm-sò͘ chi-kan ē-ēng lī-iōng kí-hô tit-koan ia̍h-sī kè-sǹg lâi tit-tio̍h, chia-ê koan-hē-sek hō-chò saⁿ-kak hêng-téng-sek.","meta":{"title":"Saⁿ-kak hâm-sò͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,892,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1020}} -{"text":"\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Kinai | Tôkaidô | Tôsandô | Hokurikudô |\n| San'indô | San'yôdô | Nankaidô | Saikaidô |\n\n**Goki sititô** (Hàn-jī: 五畿七道; Kana: ごきしちどう; *goki shichitō*) ia̍h **Ngó͘-ki chhit-tō**, sī kó͘-chá Ji̍t-pún tī lu̍t-lēng-chè hā ê kok-thó͘ ōe-hun. **Goki** (五畿, *Ngó͘-ki*) sī keng-ki khu-he̍k lāi ê 5-kok, koh hō-chò Kinai (畿內 *Ki-lōe*) he̍k Gokinai (五畿內). Tī keng-ki goā-kháu ê Ji̍t-pún kok-thó͘ o̍h Tiong-kok Tông-tiâu ê chè-tō͘, ōe-hun sêng **sititô** (七道, *chhit-tō*). Sititô chi-kan ū tairo (大路 *tāi-lō͘* ), tyûro (中路 *tiong-lō͘*) kap syôro (小路 *siáu-lō͘*) ê hun-pia̍t, toā-sè ê hun-pia̍t mā tāi-piáu tio̍h tē-hng hoân-êng ê thêng-tō͘. Goki sititô ê chè-tō͘ thiaⁿ-kóng sī tī Tenmu Thian-hông chāi-ūi sî-tāi só͘ khak-li̍p ê.\n\nLēng-goā, Hokkaidô goân-pún sī Ezoti (蝦夷地 *Hê-î-tē*), pēng-bô sio̍k-î chāi Goki sititô lāi; lo̍h-bóe tī Bêng-tī Î-sin liáu-āu chiah ka-ji̍p, hō-chò **Goki Hatidô** (五畿八道).\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nLēng-chè-kok |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Kinai | Yamasiro | Yamato(Yosino-kàm)| Kawati | Izumi | Settu |\n| |\n| Tôkaidô | Iga | Ise | Sima | Owari | Mikawa | Tôtômi | Suruga | Izu | Kai | Sagami | Musasi | Awa | Kazusa | Simôsa | Hitati |\n| |\n| Tôsandô | Ômi | Mino | Hida | Sinano(Suwa)| Kôzuke | Simotuke | Mutu (Iwaki, Iwase / Rikutyû, Rikuzen, Iwaki, Iwasiro)| Dewa(Uzen, Ugo) |\n| |\n| Hokurikudô | Wakasa | Etizen | Kaga | Noto | Ettyû | Etigo | Sado |\n| |\n| San'indô | Tanba | Tango | Tazima | Inaba | Hôki | Izumo | Iwami | Oki |\n| |\n| San'yôdô | Harima | Mimasaka | Bizen | Bittyû | Bingo | Aki | Suô | Nagato |\n| |\n| Nankaidô | Kii | Awazi | Awa | Sanuki | Iyo | Tosa |\n| |\n| Saikaidô | Tikuzen | Tikugo | Buzen | Bungo | Hyûga | Hizen | Higo | Ôsumi(Tane)| Satuma | Iki | Tusima |\n| |\n| Hokkaidô | Osima | Siribesi | Iburi | Isikari | Tesio | Kitami | Hitaka | Tokati | Kusiro | Nemuro | Tisima |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ngó͘-ki chhit-tō","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[707,1495,0.4729096989966555],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2276}} -{"text":"**Hông-hái Kho-ki Chi̍p-thoân** (鴻海科技集團) sī Tâi-oân khì-gia̍p-ka Koeh Tâi-bêng chhòng-pān ê khòa-kok khì-gia̍p, chóng-pō͘ tī Sin-pak-chhī Thô͘-siâⁿ-khu, chú-iàu seng-sán-tē tī Tiong-kok, ēng **Foxconn** chò-ûi siong-piau miâ-chheng, Hàn-bûn siá chò **Hù-sū-khong** (富士康). Hông-hái choan-chù chāi tiān-khì sán-phín ê tāi-kang ho̍k-bū (CM), gián-hoat seng-sán cheng-bi̍t tiān-khì goân-kiāⁿ, ki-khak, chún-hē-thóng, hē-thóng cho͘-chng, kng-thong-sìn goân-kiāⁿ, e̍k-cheng hián-sī-kiāⁿ téng 3C sán-phín siōng-hā-iû sán-phín kap ho̍k-bū. Kî-hā chē keng kong-si tī Tâi-oân Chèng-koàn Kau-e̍k-só͘, Hiong-káng Kau-e̍k-só͘, Tang-kiaⁿ Chèng-koàn Kau-e̍k-só͘ kòa-pâi chiūⁿ-chhī, pau-hâm chò-ûi chi̍p-thoân he̍k-sim ê Hông-hái Cheng-bi̍t, tī sè-kài chē-chē kok-ka lóng ū siat chhiúⁿ-pâng, oân-kang chóng-sò͘ chhiau-kòe pah-bān lâng.\n\nHông-hái Kho-ki Chi̍p-thoân sī tī chhòng-pān-jîn Koeh Tâi-bêng hoat-sióng ê \"eCMMS\" bô͘-sek chìn-hêng sán-gia̍p siōng-hā sûi-ti̍t thóng-ha̍p, lâi kiàn-li̍p keng-chè kui-bô͘. Kî-hā kok koan-hē khì-gia̍p ê gián-hoat, siat-kè, chè-chō, siau-siū, siū-āu ho̍k-bū téng léng-he̍k pau-hâm cheng-bi̍t lêng-cho͘-kiāⁿ, gōa-koan, kiat-kò͘-kiāⁿ, hē-thóng cho͘-chng, kng-thong-sìn goân-kiāⁿ, e̍k-cheng hián-sī, pòaⁿ-tō-thé siat-pī téng. 2010 nî, i-ê chi̍p-thoân ê chú-iàu khì-gia̍p Hông-hái Cheng-bi̍t ha̍p-pèng êng-siu chhiau-kòe chheng-ek Bí-kim, koh lia̍t-ji̍p *Forbes* choân-kiû chêng 50 tōa pâi-hâng-póng kap sè-kài tē-saⁿ tōa chu-sìn kho-ki kong-si. Hông-hái tī Bí-kok *Fortune* cha̍p-chì tiong pâi tē-jī-cha̍p-sì miâ.","meta":{"title":"Hông-hái Kho-ki Chi̍p-thoân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1556,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1753}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Sè-hio̍h chúi-teng-hiang |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Myrtales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Onagraceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Ludwigia* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***L. hyssopifolia*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Ludwigia hyssopifolia***G.Don. |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Sè-hio̍h chúi-teng-hiang** (Hàn-jī: 細葉水丁香, ha̍k-miâ: *Ludwigia hyssopifolia*) kui-sio̍k-tī Liú-hio̍h-chhài-kho (Onagraceae), sī chi̍t-nî-seng chúi-seng chháu-pún si̍t-bu̍t. I hun-pò͘ tī pêⁿ-tē kàu kē hái-poa̍t soaⁿ-khu, seng-tióng tī chúi-khut-á, khe-hô, chúi-chhân, chhân-kau, chúi-kau, soaⁿ-kau, téng-téng tâm-sip ê khoân-khéng. Chhap-put-to kui-tang lóng ē khui-hoe.\n\nHêng-thài\n---------\n\nKeng ū 5 choā lêng-chek, ū hun-ki, keng-thâu tiāⁿ ē bo̍k-chit-hòa.\n\nHio̍h-á hō͘-seⁿ, phoe-chiam-hêng, tn̂g 1 kàu 9 cm, boé-á chiam-chiam lāi-lāi, hio̍h-pèⁿ bêng-hián, bô iù-mo͘. \n\nHoe n̂g-sek ū 4 hio̍h hoe-hio̍h; hoe-go̍k 4 phìⁿ, ū iù-mo͘; chhû-lúi chū-thâu ko͘-chi̍t-ê, hiông-lúi 8 lia̍p. \n\nKoé-chí sī sok-kó, îⁿ-chū-hêng, ū iù-mo͘, tn̂g 15 kàu 30 mm, kāu 1 kàu 1.2 mm.","meta":{"title":"Sè-hio̍h chúi-teng-hiang","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[199,949,0.20969441517386722],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1294}} -{"text":"\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tsit phian bûn-tsiunn pau-kuat **kok-tsè im-piau (IPA) lāi-té ê gú-im tsuân-siá im-piau**. Iú-kuan IPA hû-hō ê kài-siāu-sìng tsí-lâm, tshiánn tsham-ua̽t Pang-tsān: [ ], / / hām ⟨ ⟩ tsi-kan ê khu-piat, tshiánn tsham-ua̽t IPA § kuà-hō hām tsuân-lio̽k hun-keh-hû. |\n\n**Gô-lô-su tsiànn-jī-huat ê kái-kik**, (ing-gú: Reforms of Russian orthography), teh Gô-gú ê li̍k-sú tsìn-tîng tang-tiong, thong-kuè kái-piàn Gô-gú jī-bú; tsìng-sik hām hui tsìng-sik teh kái-kik Gô-gú tsìng-siá-huat [en]. Tī 18-20 sè-kí kî-kan huat-sing kuí-ā-kiānn tiōng-iàu ê kái-kik.\n\nTsá-kî piàn-huà\n---------------\n\nLiōng-kî-iok á tī 10 sè-kí, kāng hit ê sî-kan kā Tang-hong Ki-tok-kàu ín-ji̍p kàu Tang slave jîn khiā-tshù ê líng-thóo, mā teh hit-tang-tsūn kū Tang-slave gú tshái-iōng Kiril jī-bú. Kháu-gú hām gî-sik gú-giân tsi-kan sī bû siánn-mih khu-pia̍t, sui-bóng gî-sik gú-giân khiā-tī Lâm slave gú m̄ sī khiā-tī Tang slave gú ê tíng-kuân. tuè-tio̍h gú-giân ê huat-tián, kui-ê jī-bú, iû-kî-sī yuses (Ѫ, Ѭ, Ѧ, Ѩ) teh suà--lo̍h-lâi ê kui-ê sè-kí tang-tiong ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á koh bû hē-thóng-sìng uì sè-sio̍k ê sú-iōng hām kàu-huē gî-sik ê sú-iōng tang-tiong tàn-hìnn-sak bû koh sú-iōng.\n\nTī 15 sè-kí hām 16 sè-kí Gô-lô-su tiong-iong tsi̍p-kuân kok-ka ê tshut-hiān, suà--lo̍h-lâi ê kok-ka kuan-liâu ki-kòo ê hing-khí í-ki̍p kiōng-tông king-tsè, tsìng-tī hām bûn-huà khong-kan ê huat-tián, ē-sái-tit hîng-tsìng hām huat-lu̍t huat-lu̍t sū-būtang-tiong sú-iōng ê gú-giân pit-su piau-tsún-huà. Tio̍h-sī in-uī tsit-ē guân-in. siōng-tāi-sing teh sóo-uī ê Moscow tāi-huat-kuann gú-giân ê ki-tshóo siōng tsìn-hîng piau-tsún-huà Gô-gú ê siōng-tsá siông-tshì, bô-lūn sī teh sû-luī hong-bīn iah-sī teh tsìng-jī-huat hong-bīn. Uì hit-tang-tsūn khai-sí, Gô-lô-su gú-giân kái-kik ê ki-pún lô-tsi̍p tsú-iàu huán-ìng tuì kui-huān hām tsing-kán gú-giân kui-huān hām kui-tsik ê khó-lū, í khak-pó gú-giân tsò tsit-tsióng si̍t-iōng ê kau-liû hām kuán-lí kang-kū ê tsok-iōng.\n\nPian-bé\n-------\n\nIETF gú-giân piau-tshiam [en] í-king tsù-tsheh:\n\n* `ru-petr1708` uì 1708-nî Peter kái-kik káu 1917-18 nî kái-kik ê bûn-pún.\n* `ru-luna1918` tī 1917-18 nî kái-kik liáu-āu ê bûn-pún.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Kadochnikov, Denis (2016). *Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia. In: Ginsburgh, V. Weber, S. (Eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language*. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 538–580. goân-loē-iông tī 7 March 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. 11 February 2019 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ \"IETF Language Subtag Registry\". *IANA* (ēng Eng-gí). 2021-08-06. goân-loē-iông tī 12 November 2017 hőng khó͘-pih. 7 October 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* IETF gú-giân piau-tshiam [en]\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Criticism of 1917 reform (Gô-gú)\n* CyrAcademisator Bi-directional online transliteration for ALA-LC (diacritics), scientific, ISO/R 9, ISO 9, GOST 7.79B and others. Supports pre-reform characters k (Eng-gí)\n* The Writing on the Wall: The Russian Orthographic Reform of 1917 (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Gô-lô-su Chiàⁿ-jī-hoat ê kái-kek","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1047,2768,0.3782514450867052],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3305}} -{"text":"Chúi-tō-thâu chhut--lâi ê chúi\n**Chúi** (水) sī tē-kiû-téng siōng-kài phó·-thong ê e̍k-thé. Chúi bô sek-chúi, phīⁿ--khí-lâi kap tam--khí-lâi mā bô bī. Ô͘, hái, hô kap khe lāi-té lóng-sī chúi. Ùi thiⁿ-téng lo̍h--lo̍h-lâi ê chúi tō sī hō·-chúi. Chúi nā léng kah chi̍t-ê têng-tō·, tō ē kian-tàng, soah pìⁿ-chò peng ia̍h-sī seh. Nā chún chúi tú sio kah chi̍t-ê thêng-tō͘, i tō ē kún, pìⁿ-chò chúi-ian.\n\nSi̍t-bu̍t, tōng-bu̍t, hām lâng lóng tio̍h chia̍h chúi chiah ē o̍ah, in-ūi chúi tī o̍ah-mi̍h ê thé-lāi ū thài-chē lō͘-iōng tī-leh. Pí-lūn-kóng, chúi sī kōaⁿ, hoeh, chhùi-nōa, kap jiō siōng-chú-iàu ê sêng-hūn. Kōaⁿ hō· sin-thé bē siuⁿ lōa, hoeh ùi ūi-tn̂g kā êng-ióng sàng khì kàu sin-thé ê ta̍k-ê pō͘-hūn, hō· lán ē o̍ah. Chhùi-nōa pang-chān lâng kap tōng-bu̍t kā chia̍h-mi̍h siau-hòa. Jiō kā bái ê hòa-ha̍k-phín sàng lī-khui sin-thé.\n\nChúi mā sī ím-liāu chú-iàu ê sêng-hūn. Pí-lūn gû-leng, kó-chiap, kap chiú lóng-sī. Ta̍k-khóan ím-liāu lóng lēng-gōa ū ka bī he̍k-chiá-sī êng-ióng sêng-hūn, chhin-chhiū thn̂g, kóe-chí, ia̍h-sī chiú-cheng. Hō-ló-oē sù-siông kā chú--kòe, ē lim tit ê chúi kiò-chò tê, ia̍h-sī pe̍h-tê. Phàu tê-bí ê tê lēng-gōa kā hō-chò tê-bí-tê.\n\nTī seng-bu̍t-ha̍k lâi kóng, chúi tùi sè-pau chiâⁿ tiōng-iàu, in-ūi chúi ē-tàng kā put-chí-á chē mi̍h-kiāⁿ siau-iûⁿ. Chúi chiâⁿ-chò hòa-ha̍k hóan-èng ê mûi-kài, hō· hòa-ha̍k hóan-èng thang hoat-seng, chiah-ê bu̍t-chit mā thàu-kòe chúi sàng khì kui sin-khu múi-chi̍t-ê só͘-chāi. Chúi hō· lán pó-chhî kò·-tēng ê un-tō͘, thé-un siuⁿ-kôan ê sî, lán lâu--chhut-lâi ê kōaⁿ nā ta--khì, un-tō͘ chū-jiân tō kàng--lo̍h-lâi. Chúi mā kā sin-thé lāi-té bô-lō͘-iōng kap ū-to̍k ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ thàu-po̍h, piàn-chò jiō, thang pâi-chhut thé-gōa.\n\nChiàu hòa-ha̍k lâi kóng, chúi-hun-chú sī ēng 2 ê chúi-sò͘ gôan-chú (H) kap 1 ê sng-sò͘ gôan-chú (O) cho·-sêng--ê. I ê hun-chú-sek sī H2O.\n\nKî-thaⁿ gí-giân ê liân-kiat\n---------------------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Chúi*** |\n\n* Chit-ê Eng-bûn bāng-chām kà lán án-chóaⁿ thang lim-tio̍h chheng-khì ê chúi","meta":{"title":"Chúi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[127,2040,0.062254901960784315],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2422}} -{"text":"Nio Joe Lan(梁友蘭)Ìn-nî-miâ Junus Nur Arif, kheh-gír-miâ ：Liòng yû-làn, 「1904-nî 12-ge̍rh 29 – 1973-nî 2-ge̍rh 13」 sī Ìn-nî hoat-jîn, chok-ka,kì-chiá, līk-sír sían-siⁿ.\n\nNio Joe Lan\nNiû-iú-lân tī Batavia, hian-tāi sī pa-siâⁿ, Jakarta 1904-nî 12-ge̍rh 22 chhut-sì, lāu-pē sī sing-lí-lâng, tùi Kńg-tang, mûi-koāiⁿ lâi kàu lâm-iûⁿ.\n\nNiû-iú-lân tī Batavia, hian-tāi sī pa-siâⁿ, Jakarta 1904-nî 12-ge̍rh 22 chhut-sì, lāu-pē sī sing-lí-lâng, tùi Kńg-tang, mûi-koāiⁿ lâi kàu lâm-iûⁿ.\n\nSûi-liân í ê miâ sī iû Hok-kiàn-ōe ê hoat-im, goân-pún sī kheh-lâng ê āu-tāi. In-ūi chūn sòe-hàn sìr-siông kah Hok-kiàn-lâng kau pîng-iú, í-kīng si̍p-koàn sír-iōng Hok-kiàn-miâ.sió-ha̍k pit-gia̍p í-āu tī chhù-lāi chiap-siu hôa-bûn kàu-io̍k, siàu-liân-ke ê niû khai-sí ha̍k-si̍p chòe chi̍t-ūi per-sing-ki pó-ióng  ê ki-su̍t-goân, hit-sî --sī chi̍t-chióng hán leh khòaⁿ tio̍h ê thâu-lō͘.\n\n1924-nî kiû-ha̍k oân-sêng, ín pâ-pa kèr-sin, ín lāu-bú tùi kang-tiû lî-chit ,bô-pān-hoat ka-li̍p hâng-khong-kài , ū  chi̍t-ūi sian-siⁿ, ín pâ-pa ê tâng-o̍h Lâu-gio̍k-lân khan-khioh í lâi  tī king-pò chòe sin-bûn kì-chiá  ( ū-miâ ê hôa-lîn pó-chóa sin-bûn ) tùi 1928-1934-nî, tam-līm chóng-pian-chi̍p.\n\n \n\n1934-nî poaⁿ Sin-pò, chi̍t-king pó-siā sio̍k-tī Batavia, li̍p-tiû--sī hui-siông chhin-tiong, tam-līm chóng-pian-chi̍p, m̄-kû tiā-tiā mài chham chèng-tī, kan-ná siá bûn-hòa iū-koan ê sīr-chîng.  Tī Hô-lan-gír kî-khan ê De Indische Gids kah ing-gír  ê The China Journal kòng-hiàn siông-chōe ê chú-tôe kah bûn-chiuⁿ kài-siāu Hôa-Lîn-Má-Lâi-Bûn-Ha̍k.Hi̍t-sî-chūn ā chham-ka Tiong-hôa-hōe-koán siā-hōe kang-cho̍k. 1939-nî chham-ú siá chi̍t-pún chir kì-liām Tiong-Hôa-Hōe-koán chhòng-li̍p 40 chiu-nî.\n\n1942-nî Hô-lan-ìn-tō͘ khai-sí hō͘ Li̍t-pún chiàm,tùi jawa kah madura 542 ê hôa-lîn pau-koah Niû-iū-lân  hō͘ li̍t-pún lia̍h khìr kuiⁿ,  tāi-sing sing khuiⁿ tī Bukit Duri, āu-lâi iū koh poaⁿ khìr Serang kah Cimahi. it-ti̍t kàu 1945-nî Li̍t-pún tâu-hâng, Ìn-nî soan-pò͘ to̍k-li̍p, chiah kā ín pàng chhut--lâi.\n\n \n\n1946-nî siá chi̍t-pún hôe-ì-lio̍k só͘-ū tī chi̍p-tiong-iâⁿ ê king-giām, chheh-miâ \"Dalam Tawanan Perang \"(Li̍t-pún Chi̍p-tiong-iâⁿ seng-oa̍h ê kì-si̍t) Hàn-ha̍k-ka Au-Iông Mûi-Chhun kóng chit pún chir sī siông ū kè-ta̍t ê le̍k-sír kì-lio̍k, in-ūi pa̍t-ê sâng kuiⁿ tī chi̍p-tiong-iâ ê lâng  bô siá kèr chiah-ni siông-sè ê hôe-ì-lio̍k.","meta":{"title":"Nîu-íu-lân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2270,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2594}} -{"text":"Liân-ha̍p-kok Kàu-kho-bûn Cho͘-chit 《Sè-kài Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng Soan-giân》 (Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity) UNESCO 2001 nî 11 go̍eh chhe 2 Tē 20 chhù chôan-thé hōe-gī kun-kì tē Sì úi-ôan-hōe pò-kò thong-kòe ê koat-gī \n\nTĀI-HŌE\n\nTāi-hōe ūi-tio̍h tiōng-sī, ôan-chôan si̍t-hiān《Sè-kài Jîn-kôan Soan-giân》kap 1966 nî iú-koan Kong-bîn-kôan kap Chèng-tī-kôan, í-ki̍p iú-koan Keng-chè Siā-hōe kah Bûn-hòa-kôan ê nn̄g-hāng kok-chè kong-iok kap kî-thaⁿ pī phó͘-phiàn jīn-tông ê hoat-lu̍t bûn-kiāⁿ tiong só͘ soan-pò͘ ê Jîn-kôan kap Ki-pún-Chū-iû. \n\nLán khòaⁿ UNESCO《Cho͘-chit-hoat》sū-giân tiong só͘ khak-jīn \"…… bûn-hòa chi kóng-hōan thôan-pò͘ í-ki̍p ūi-tio̍h Chèng-gī, Chū-iû kap Hô-pêng só͘ chòe kàu-io̍k, sī ûi-hō͘ Jîn-lūi Chun-giâm put-khó-khoat-siáu ê chok-ûi, iā-sī chi̍t-kiāⁿ pit-su móa-chiok ta̍k-kok hō͘-chō͘ kap hō͘-siōng koan-sim ê cheng-sîn lâi si̍t-chiān ê sîn-sèng gī-bū.\n\nLán kok khòaⁿ,《Cho͘-chit-hoat》Tē it tiâu tia̍-pia̍t kui-teng UNESCO ê chong-chí chi ,it chiū-sī \"Tèng-li̍p pit-iàu kok-chè hia̍p-tēng, í lī-ek lán ūn-iōng bûn-jī tô͘-chhiāng lâi chhiok-chìn su-sióng chi chū-iû liû-thôan.\" Chham-chiàu UNESCO só͘ pan-pò͘ kok-ché bûn-kiāⁿ tiong○1, iú-kôanBun-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng hām Bûn-hòa-kôan-lī hêng-sú ê ta̍k-hāng tiâu-khóan. Lāi-bīn tiông-sin èng-kai kā bûn-hòa khòaⁿ-chòe sī bó͘ chi̍t ê siā-hōe he̍k-sī bó͘ chi̍t ê siā-hōe kûn-thé te̍k-iú ê cheng-sîn, bu̍t-chit, tì-le̍k kah kám-chêng hong-bīn bô-kâng te̍k-tiám ê chóng-ha̍p. Tû-khì gē-su̍t, bûn-ha̍k kap seng-o̍ah hong-sek chi gōa, kok pau-ko̍ah kiōng-chhù ê hong-se̍k, kè-ta̍t thé-hē, thôan-thóng kap sìn-gióng○2.\n\nKéng-kak tio̍h bûn-hòa sī lán tong-tāi koan-hē tia̍t-sèng, siā-hōe gêng-chū-le̍k kap í tì-sek ûi ki-chhó͘ ê keng-chè hoat-tián só͘ ín-khí ê piān-lūn tiong-sim tiám. Góan mā khak-jīn tī hō͘-siong sìn-jīm kap lí-kái ê khì-hun tiong, tùi-tiōng Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ, khoan-iông, tùi-tâm, kap ha̍p-chok, che sī kok-chè hô-pêng kap an-chôan chòe-ko pó-chiong chi it.\n\nǸg-bāng lán ē-sái tī khak-jīn Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng, jīn-sek tio̍h jîn-lūi it-thé, kap bûn-hòa kan kau-liû hoat-tián ê ki-chhó͘ siong kiàn-li̍p khah-khoah ê thoan-kiat, koh Kò͘-lū tio̍h su-jiân in-ūi sin-ê chu-sìn kap thôan-pò͘ kī-su̍t ê khòai-sok hoat-tián chō͘-ek tio̍h Chôan-kiû-hòa ê chìn-hêng, che tùi Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng piáu-hiān chòe chi̍t-hāng thiau-chiàn, m̄-ku che mā chhòng-chō liáu sin-ê bûn-hòa kap bûn-bêng kan tùi-tâm ê khôan-kéng.\n\nGóan thé-jīn UNESCO tī UN hē-thóng tiong, taⁿ-hū tio̍h pó-hō͘ í-ki̍p chhiok-chìn hong-hù to-chhái ê Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng chi tiat-sû chit-chek, Góan soan-pò͘ ē-bīn gôan-chek, pēng-chhiáⁿ thong-kòe ī-hā Soan-giân：\n\nTE̍K-SEK, TO-IŪⁿ-SÈNG KAP TO-GOÂN-HÒA\n\nTē It Tiâu Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng：Jîn-lūi kiōng-tông kè-sêng ê chu-sán\n\nBûn-hòa tî bô-siâng ê sî-kan, bô-kâng ê só͘-chāi hián-hiān put-tông ê hêng-sek. Chit êBûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng kū-thè piáu-hiān tī jîn-lūi tiong ta̍k kûn-thé kap ta̍k siā-hōe só͘ thêng-hiān ta̍k-iūⁿ ê tia̍t-sû-sèng, To-gôan chi tiong. Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng choh-ûi kau-liû、chhòng-sin hām chhòng-chok ê gôan-thâu, tùi jîn-lūi, tio̍h chhiūⁿ seng-bu̍t ê To-iūⁿ-sèng tùi chū-jiân seng-thāi kâng-khóan pit-iàu. Nā chiàu chit-khóan ê gán-kong lâi-kóng, Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng sī chôan jîn-lūi kong-ke kè-sêng ê chu-sán, ūi-tio̍h lán tong-tāi jîn-lūi kap bī-lâi tāi-tāi ē lī-ek, lán èng-kai ài jīn-sek kap khéng-tēng chit-khóan ê ì-gī.\n\nTē Jī Tiâu Ùi Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng kàu Bûn-hòa To-gôan Chú-gī\n\nTī hiān-kim lú-lâi-lú-kôan ê To-iūⁿ-hòa ê siā-hōe tiong, lâng hām lâng kap kûn-thé chi-kan hô-bo̍k hō͘-tōng pit-su khak-pó, kî-tiong pau-koah To-gôan, bô-kâng kap thōng-thāi ê ta̍k-chióng bûn-hòa tia̍t-sèng í-ki̍p tàu-tīn seng-o̍ah ê ì-gōan. Só͘-ū ê kong-bîn lóng pau-hâm koh chham-ú ê chèng-chhek, sī cheng-kiông siā-hōe gêng-chū-le̍k, bîn-kan siā-thôan o̍ah-le̍k kap ûi-hō͘ hô-pêng khó-khò ê pó-chiong. Só͘-í, chit chióng Bûn-hòa To-gôan Chú-gī thê-kiong Bûn-hòa To-iùⁿ-sèng si̍t-chè ê chèng-chhek piáu-ta̍t. Bûn-hòa To-gôan Chú-gī kap Bîn-chú chè-tō sī bóe-sái hun-koah ê, che ín-chhoa hiòng bûn-hòa kau-liû kap hong-sēng chhiong-si̍t kong-chiòng seng-o̍ah ê chhòng-chō lêng-le̍k.\n\nTē Saⁿ Tiâu Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng sī Hoat-tián e in-sò͘\n\nBûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng hùn-khoah liáu múi-chi̍t ê lâng ê sóan-te̍k hōan-ûi, che sī hoat-tián ê kun-ki chi it, che m̄-nā sī kí keng-chè ê sêng-tióng, jî-chhiáⁿ koh sī tì-ti̍t hō͘-lâng móa-ì ê tì-le̍k, kám-chêng, tō-te̍k kap cheng-sîn seng-chûn ê hong-ho̍at chhiù-tōaⁿ.\n\nBÛN-HÒA TO-IŪⁿ-SÈNG KAP JÎN-KOÂN\n\nTē Sì Tiâu Jîn-kôan--Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng ê pó-chiong\n\nPó-ūeBûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèngsī chi̍t ê lûn-lí tō-tek siōng ê chek-jīm, kap chun-tiōng lâng ê chun-giâm bōe-sái hun-koah. Che ún-hâm lâng ài chun-tiōng ki-pún Jîn-kôan, tia̍t-pia̍t sī túi hia ê chió-sò͘ ê lâng kap thó͘-tio̍k bî-nchok. Jīm-hô lâng lóng bōe-tàng í Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sènglâi sńg-hāi siū-tio̍h kok-chè-hoat pó-hō͘ ê Jîn-kôan, he̍k án-ni̍h lâi hān-chè Jîn-kôan ê hōan-ûi.\n\nTē Gō͘ Tiâu Bûn-hòa-kôan-lī-- Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng ê iú-lī tiâu-kiāⁿ\nBûn-hòa kôan-lī sī Jîn-kôan ê chi̍t ê cho͘-sêng pō͘-hūn, in sī phó͘-sè, put-khó-hun-koah kap hō͘-siong i-chûn ê. Heng-ōng ê chhòng-chok-tek To-iūⁿ-sèng iàu-kiû ôan-chôan si̍t-hêng 《Sè-kài Jîn-kôan Soan-giân》Tē 27 tiâu kap《Keng-chè、siā-hōe、Bûn-hòa-kôan-lī kok-chè kong-iok》Tē 13 tiâu kap Tē 15 tiâu só͘ kui-tēng ê Bûn-hòa-kôan-lī. In-chhú, múi chi̍t ê lâng èng-kai lóng ē-sái sóan-te̍k i kā-kī ê gí-giân, tia̍t-pia̍t sī ēng in ê bú-gí, lâi piáu-ta̍t in kā-kī ê su-sióng, chhòng-chok kap thôan-pò in ê chok-phín. Múi chi̍t ê lâng lóng ū koan chiap-siu chun-tiōng kî bûn-hòa tia̍t-sèng ê iu-chit kàu-iok kap pôe-hùn. Múi chi̍t ê lâng lóng èng-kai ē-sái chham-ú i só͘ sóan-te̍k ê bûn-hòa seng-o̍ah, jî-chhiáⁿ chiông-sū in kā-kī ê bûn-hòa si̍t-chiān ê o̍ah-tōng, chí-iàu tī chun-tiōng Jîn-kôan kap Ki-pún Chū-iû ê hōan-ûi chi lāi.\n\nTē La̍k Tiâu Chhiok-chìn bīn-tùi só͘-ū ê lâng ê Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng\n\nTī pó-chiòng sú-iōng bûn-jī kap tô͘-chhiāng ê chū-iû liû-thôan siâng-sî, mā ài chú-ì só͘-ū ê bûn-hòa lóng ē-tàng piáu-ta̍t pēng thôan-pò͘ in kā-kī ê su-sióng. Giân-lūn Chū-iû, mûi-thé To-gôan Chú-gī, To-gí Chú-gī, Pêng-téng chhú-ēng gē-su̍t kap kho-ki tì-sek, pau-koah sò͘-ūi hêng-sek, i-ki̍p só͘-ū bûn-hòa lóng ū ki-hōe chhú-ēng piáu-ta̍t kap thôan-pò͘ ê hong-hoat. I-siōng gō͘ hāng sīBûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèngê pó-chiong.\n\nBÛN-HÒA TO-IŪⁿ-SÈNG KAP CHHÒNG-CHOK\n\nTē Chhit Tiâu Bûn-hòa chu-sán--chhòng-chok gôan-thâu\n\nMúi hāng chhòng-chok lóng sī lī-iōng thôan-thóng ê kun-gôan, m̄-ku mā su-iàu kap kî-tha ê bûn-hòa chiap-siok chiah ē-ti̍t hôan-êng hong-sēng. In-ùi án-ni̍h, ta̍k-chióng hêng-sek ê bûn-hòa chu-sán lóng ài pó-chûn, thê-ko kè-ta̍t, jî tāi-tāi thôan-thòaⁿ --lo̍h-khì, siâng-sî, chhiok-chìn pôe-ióng To-iūⁿ-hòa ê chhòng-chō-le̍k kap kó͘-bú kiàn-li̍p ta̍k bûn-hòa chi-kan chin-chiàⁿ ê tùi-tâm.\n\nTē Poeh Tiâu Bûn-hòa bu̍t-phín kap ho̍k-bū--put-tông it-poaⁿ e siong-phín\n\nBīn-tùi hiān-kim keng-chè kho-ki ê piàn-hòa hoat-tián, khai-chhòng liáu chi̍t e̍ kóng-khoah ê chiân-kéng. Ài tia̍t-pia̍t chù-ì tio̍h thê-kiong chhòng-ì chok-phín ê To-iūⁿ-sèng, koh ài chù-ì chok-chiá he̍k-sī gē-su̍t-ka ê tuh-chok-kôan, hām bûn-hòa bu̍t-phín kap ho̍k-bū ê te̍k-sû-sèng. In-ùi che sī te̍k-sèng, kè-ta̍t-koan hām ì-gī koan-liām ê kí-hiòng, bōe-sái khòaⁿ-chòe sī it-poaⁿ ê siong-phín he̍k-sī siau-hùi-phín.\n\nTē Káu Tiâu Bûn-hòa chèng-chhek--thui-tōng chhòng-chok ê chek-kek in-sò͘\n\nBûn-hòa chèng-chhek pit-su tī khak-pó su-sióng hām chok-phín chū-iû liû-thong ê chōng-hóng hā, lī-iōng hia ê ē-tàng kian-chhî chāi-tē kàu sè-kài chúi-chún ê bûn-hòa sán-gia̍p, chhòng-chō lī-ek To-iūⁿ-hòa bûn-hòa bu̍t-phín kap ho̍k-bū ê seng-sán kap thôan-pò͘ ê khôan-kéng tiâu-kiāⁿ. Múi chi̍t ê kok-ka lóng èng-kai chun-siú i ê kok-chè gī-bū, só͘-í in mā lóng ài chè-tēng in pún-kok ê bûn-hòa chèng-chhek, jî-chhiáⁿ chhái-chhú in jīn-ûi sek-tòng ê hong-ho̍at, chhiūⁿ hêng-tōng siōng ê chi-chhî he̍k-sī chè-tēng siong-koan sek-gî ê kui-chiong.\n\nBÛN-HÒA TO-IŪⁿ-SÈNG KAP KOK-CHÈ THOÂN-KIAT\n\nTē Cha̍p Tiâu ka-kiông khoah ê chhòng-chok hām thoan-pò͘ lêng-le̍k\n\nBīn-tùi bo̍k-chiân sè-kài siōng bûn-hòa bu̍t-phín kap ho̍k-bū ê liû-thong kap kau-ōaⁿ si̍t-he̍ng ê hiān-siōng, pit-su ài ka-kiông kok-chè ha̍p-chok hām thôan-kiat, che ē-tàng hō͘ só͘-ū ê kok-ka, iû-kî sī khai-hoat-tiong kap chóan-hêng tiong ê kok-ka, khai-siat ū o̍ah-le̍k, jî tī i pún-kok he̍k-sī kok-chè siōng ū keng-chèng le̍k ê bûn-hòa sán-gia̍p.\n\nTē Cha̍p-It Tiâu kiàn-li̍p chèng-hú, su-pō͘-mn̂g kap bîn-kan siā-thôan chi-kan ê ha̍p-chok koan-hē\n\nKan-nā khò chhī-tiûⁿ ê le̍k-liōng bōe-tàng pó-chèng, mā bōe-tàng thui-sak Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng, jî chit ê To-iūⁿ-sèng sī jîn-lūi hoat-tián ê koan-kián. I-chiàu chit ê koan-tiám, pit-su têng-soan kap su-pō͘-mn̂g hām bîn-kan siā-thôan ha̍p-chok chèng-chhek ê ki-pún gôan-sí kong-lêng, siong-koan kong-kiōng chèng-chhek.\n\nTē Cha̍p-Jī Tiâu UNESCO ê kak-sek\n\nUNESCOkun-kì i pún-sin ê chit-chek hām kong-lêng, tùi í-hā sì hāng ū chek-jīm.\n(a) Chhiok-chìn ta̍k chèng-hú ki-koan tī kè-e̍k hoat-tián chhek-liok tiong ka-ji̍p pún Soan-giân só͘-lia̍t ê gôan-chek. \n(b) Tam-jīm chi̍t ê chham-khó-tiám, chi̍t ê lūn-tôaⁿ hō͘ kok-chè, ta̍k chèng-hú kap Hui-chèng-hú cho͘-chit, bîn-kan siā-thôan, í-ki̍p su-pō͘-mn̂g chi-kan, ūi-tio̍h be̍h chi-chhî Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng só͘ cheng-sim chè-chok ê khài-liām, bo̍k-phiau hām chèng-chhek, ē-sái liân-kiat ê só͘-chāi.\n(c) Chhî-siok chiông-sū kap pún Soan-giân ū-koan ê kok chú-kóan leng-he̍k tiong, chhòng-kiàn piau-chún, thê-ko jīn-sek kap pôe-ióng lêng-le̍k téng o̍ah-tāng.\n(d) Ūi cho͘-chit ê Hêng-tōng Kè-e̍k, chú-iàu ê tiâu-bo̍k hù-ti̍h pún Soan-giân āu-bīn.\n\n○1 Chia ê kok-chè bûn-kiāⁿ chú-iàu ū:\n1950 nî《Florence Agreement》,\n1976 nî《Nairobi Protocol》,\n1952 nî《Universal Copyright Convention》, \n1966 nî《Declaration of Principles on International Cultural Cooperation》, \n1970 nî《Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property》, \n1972 nî《Convention for the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage》, \n1978 nî《UNESCO Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice》,\n1980 nî《Recommendation concerning the Status of the Artist》, \n1989 nî《Recommendation on Safeguarding Traditional and Popular Culture》.\n○2 Che sī kun-kì Sè-kài Bûn-hòa Chèng-chhek Hōe-gī (MONDIACULT, Mexico,1982), Sè-kài Bûn-hòa kap Hoat-tián Úi-ôan-hōe, 1995)í-ki̍p Chèng-hú kan Bûn-hòa Chèng-chhek Chhiok-chìn Hoat-tián Hōe-gī (Stockholm, 1998)chong-ha̍p kiat-lūn só͘ lo̍h ê tēng-gī。\n\n \n\nHÙ-KIĀⁿ：Si̍t-si UNESCO Sè-kài Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng Soan-giân Hêng-tōng Kè-e̍k chú-iàu tiâu-bo̍k\n\nHōe-ôan-kok sêng-lo̍k chhái-chhú sek-tòng chhok-si, kóng-thôan《UNESCO Sè-kài Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng Soan-giân》, koh ūi chhiok-chìn si̍t-chiān í-hā bo̍k-phiau jî ha̍p-chok:\n\n1. Ka-chhim tùi koan-hē Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng ūn-tôe ê kok-chè-sèng piān-lūn, tia̍t-pia̍t sī che khan-liân tio̍h hoat-tián kap tùi kok-ka kip í-ki̍p kok-che-kip ê chèng-chhek chè-tēng ê chhiong-kek. Chìn-chit-pō͘ su-khó in-chhú chè-tēng kok-chè-sèng ê hoat-lu̍t bûn-kiāⁿ ê khó-lêng-sèng.\n\n2. Chhiok-chìn ūi-tio̍h bo̍eh pó-hō͘ kap thê-chhiòng Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng chòe iú-lī ê tēng-gī kok-ka-kip í-ki̍p kok-che-kip ê gôan-chek, phiau-chún kap si̍t-chiān o̍ah-tāng, hām jīn-ti thê-seng bô͘-sek kap ha̍p-chok bô͘-sek.\n\n3. Tī ùi Bûn-hòa To-gôan Chú-gī kap lī-ek ta̍k-chióng bûn-hòa pōe-kèng lâi ê koh-jîn he̍k-sî thôan-thé iông-ji̍p kap chham-ú ê koan-tiám chi hā, Chi-chhî chhiok-chìn tì-sek kap chòe-ka si̍t-chiān o̍ah-tāng ê kau-liû.\n\n4. Chìn-chit-pō͘ jīn-sek kap têng-chheng Bûn-hòa-kôan-lī chòe-ûi ôan-chéng Jîn-kôan chi̍t pō͘-hūn sò͘ pau-hâm ê lāi-iông.\n\n5. Pó-hō͘ jîn-lūi ê gú-giân ûi-sán, chi-chhî kó͘-bú sú-iōng siōng-chōe ê gú-giān lâi piáu-ta̍t su-sióng, chìn-hêng chhòng-chok í-ki̍p thôan-pò͘.\n\n6. Chûn-tio̍h chun-tiōng bú-gí ê thāi-tō͘, ti̍h jīm-hô khó-lêng ê só͘-chāi só͘-ū ê ta̍k-kip kàu-io̍k tiong, thê-chhiòng gù-giân To-iūⁿ-hòa, kó͘-bú àn siōng sòe-hàn ê sî tio̍h khai-sí ha̍k-si̍p to-chióng gú-giân.\n\n7. Thong-kòe kàu-io̍k pôe-ióng tùi Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng ê kiàn-siat-sèng kè-ta̍t ê ì-sek, siâng-sî ūi che lâi kái-siān kàu-ha̍k ê khò-thêng kè-e̍k hām kàu-su ê pôe-ióng kàu-io̍k.\n\n8. Tī pit-iàu ê sî-chūn, í pó-chûn kiam ôan-chôan lī-iōng iú-koan bûn-hòa ê thôan-pò͘ kau-liû kap thôan-sàng tì-sek ê hong-hoat, chiong thôan-thóng ê kàu-ha̍k hong-hoat siu-la̍p ji̍p kàu-io̍k kang-chok pō͘-tiāu tiong.\n\n9. Kó͘-bú\"So͘-ui tha̍k-sia\"koh khak-pó keng-koan e cheng-sek sin e chu-sin kap thoan-po͘ kho-ki ki-sut. Che èng-tong chòe-ûi ka-kiong kau-iok the-kiong hau-lut e kau-iong hak-kho kap kau-hak kang-khu.\n\n10. Chhiok-chìn sò͘-ūi sè-kài ê Gú-giân To-iūⁿ-hòa, siâng-sî kó͘-bú chôan-kiû phó͘-phiàn lī-iōng sè-kài bāng-lō͘ khì chhú-iōng só͘-u kong-khai ê chu-sìn.\n\n11. Kap UN hē-thóng tiong, siong-koan ê ki-kò͘ ha̍p-chok, hiòng sò͘-ūi keh-lī soan-chiàn, chi-chhî pang-chān hoat-tián tiong kok-ka chhú-iōng sin kho-ki. Iōng pang-chān in se̍k-ēng chia ê chu-sìn kho-ki, siâng-sî thê-kiong in pún-tē sán-seng ê bûn-hòa sán-phín choh sò͘-ūi thôan-pò͘, koh chō͘-chān in chhú-iōng chôan sè-kài ū-lō͘-ēng ê kàu-io̍k, bûn-hòa hām kho-ha̍k chu-gôan.\n\n12. Kó͘-bú tī chôan-kiû mûi-thé kap chu-sìn bāng-lō͘ téng To-iūⁿ-sèng lāi-iông ê seng-sán chè-chok, pó-hō͘ kap thôan-pò͘. Siâng-sî thê-seng kong-kiōng tiān-tâi kap tiān-sī-tâi ki-kò͘ tùi iu-liông phín-chit ê sī-thiaⁿ sán-phín seng-sán hoat-tián ê kak-sek chok-iōng, kî-tiong iû-kî sī ài chhiok-chìn kiàn-li̍p ha̍p-chok ki-chè lâi thê-seng chia ê sán-phín ê thôan-sàng.\n\n13. Chè-tēng chèng-chhek kap chhek-liok lâi pó-hō͘ kiam khai-hoat bûn-hòa kap chū-jiân ê chu-sán, tia̍t-pia̍t sī kháu-su̍t kap bû-hêng ê bûn-hòa chu-sán, siâng-sî táⁿ-kek bûn-hòa siong-phín he̍k-si ho̍k-bū ê hui-hoat bóe-bōe.\n\n14. Chun-tiōng kiam pó-hō͘ thôan-thóng tì-sek, tia̍t-pia̍t sī thó͘-tio̍k bîn-cho̍k ê thôan-thóng tì-sek, jīn-sek in tùi không-kéng pó-hō͘ kap chū-jiân chu-gôan ūn-iōng ê kòng-hiàn, chi-chhî chhiok-chìn hiān-tāi kho-ha̍k kap tē-hng tì-sek hia̍p-le̍k chok-iōng.\n\n15. Chi-ôan chhòng-chok jîn-ôan, gē-su̍t-ka, gián-kiù-chiá, kho-ha̍k-ka kap tì-sek-hūn-chú ê liû-tōng, mā chi-ôan kok-chè gián-kiù kè-e̍k kap ha̍p-chok koan-hē ê hoat-tián. Siâng-sî chīn-la̍t pó-hō͘ thê-seng hoat-tián tiong kok-ka kap chóan-hêng-kî kok-ka ê chhòng-chō-lêng-le̍k.\n\n16. Pó-chèng pó-hō͘ chhòng-chok ê tuh-chok-kôan kap siong-koan kôan-lī, hō͘ tong-tāi ê chhòng-chok hoat-tián ū lī-ek kap kong-pêng ê siû-kim. Siâng-sî mā chi-chhî Sè-kài Jîn-kôan Soan-giân tē jī-cha̍p-chhit tiâu só͘ kui-tēng kong-chiòng ū chhú-iōng bûn-hòa ê kôan-lī.\n\n17. Pang-chō͘ hoat-tián tiong kok-ka kap chóan-hêng-ki kok-ka kiàn-li̍p he̍k-sī ka-kiông bûn-hòa sán-gia̍p, jî ūi-chhú kiàn-li̍p pit-su ê ki-chhó͘ kiàn-siat kap ki-su̍t, chi-chhî kó͘-bú ū-o̍ah-la̍t ê chāi-tē chhī-tiûⁿ, siâng-sî thê-kiong chia ê kok-ka ê bûn-hòa sán-phín kàu sè-kài chhī-tiûⁿ kap kok-chè liû-thong bāng ê chō͘-chān.\n\n18. Hoat-tián thê-chhiòng pún Soan-giân lāi só͘ chè-tēng ê gôan-chek siong-koan ê bûn-hòa chèng-chhek, pau-koah pit-iàu ê o̍ah-tāng hú-chō͘ ki-kò͘ kap siong-koan ê kui-chiong chè-tō͘. Che kap ta̍k kok lóng ū si̍t-chiān in gī-put-iông-sî ê kok-chè gī-bū koan-liām sio kâng it-tì.\n\n19. Khan-ín bîn-kan siā-thôan bi̍t-chhiat chham-ú chè-tēng po-ho͘ kkap thê-chhiòng Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng ê kong-kiōng chèng-chhek.\n\n20. Jīn-ti kó͘-bú su-pō͘-mn̂g tī the-chhiòng Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng ê kòng-hiàn, jî ūi chhú kiàn-li̍p kong-pō͘-mn̂g kap su-pō͘-mn̂g ê tùi-tâm khong-kan.\n\nHōe-ôan-kok kiàn-gī Chóng-kàn-sū tī si̍t-si UNESCO ta̍k kè-e̍k ê-sî, ài khó-lū pún Hêng-tōng Kè-e̍k tiong thê-chhut ê bo̍k-phiau, siâng-sî thôan-pò͘ hō͘ UN hē-thóng kap kî-thaⁿ iú-koan ê chèng-hú ki-koan hām Hui-chèng-hú cho͘-chit, í ka-kiông hia̍p-tông hêng-tōng lâi chō͘-chān chhiok-chìn Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng.\n\nChit-ē soan-giân sī iû Tâi-oân Lô-má-jī Hia̍p-hoē ê Lîm Jū-khái hoan-e̍k.","meta":{"title":"Sè-kài Bûn-hòa To-iūⁿ-sèng Soan-giân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,15778,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":17926}} -{"text":"Sòaⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘ tiong, **Chú-tùi-kak-sòaⁿ** (Hàn-jī: 主對角線, Eng-gí: main diagonal) sī hâng-lia̍t {\\displaystyle \\{A\\_{ij}\\}\\_{m\\times n}} lāi-té só͘-ū hû-ha̍p {\\displaystyle i=j} ê só͘-chāi, khiā-sǹg-kóng sī tùi siōng chò-siōng kàu siōng iū-hā ê hit tiâu sòaⁿ. Tī chit tiâu sòaⁿ téng-koân ê iàu-sò͘ kiò-chò **tùi-kak-sòaⁿ iàu-sò͘** (Hàn-jī: 對角線要素, Eng-gí: diagonal element), bô tī i téng-koân ·ê kiò-chò **hui-tùi-kak-sòaⁿ iàu-sò͘** (Hàn-jī: 非對角線要素, Eng-gí: off-diagonal element). Ē-bīn saⁿ ê hâng-lia̍t ê chú-túi-kak-sòaⁿ lán ēng âng-sek ê {\\displaystyle 1} kā siá ·khit-lì:\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{bmatrix}\\color {red}{1}&0&0\\\\0&\\color {red}{1}&0\\\\0&0&\\color {red}{1}\\end{bmatrix}}\\qquad {\\begin{bmatrix}\\color {red}{1}&0&0&0\\\\0&\\color {red}{1}&0&0\\\\0&0&\\color {red}{1}&0\\end{bmatrix}}\\qquad {\\begin{bmatrix}\\color {red}{1}&0&0\\\\0&\\color {red}{1}&0\\\\0&0&\\color {red}{1}\\\\0&0&0\\end{bmatrix}}}\n\nSèng-chit\n---------\n\nTan-ūi hâng-lia̍t ê chú-tùi-kak-sòaⁿ iàu-sò͘ lóng sī chi̍t, hui-tùi-kak-sòaⁿ iàu-sò͘ lóng sī lêng:\n\n{\\displaystyle I\\_{n}={\\begin{bmatrix}1&0&0&\\cdots &0\\\\0&1&0&\\cdots &0\\\\0&0&1&\\cdots &0\\\\\\vdots &\\vdots &\\vdots &\\ddots &\\vdots \\\\0&0&0&\\cdots &1\\end{bmatrix}}.}\nChi̍t ê sù-hong hâng-lia̍t ê tùi-kak-sòaⁿ iàu-sò͘ ê chóng-hô tiō sī i ê jiah (Hàn-jī: 跡, Eng-gí: trace).\n\nHoán-tùi-kak-sòaⁿ\n-----------------\n\n{\\displaystyle n}-kai sù-hong hâng-lia̍t {\\displaystyle \\{B\\_{ij}\\}\\_{n\\times n}} ê **hoán-tùi-kak-sòaⁿ** (Hàn-jī: 反對角線, Eng-gí: antidiagonal) sī só͘-ū hû-ha̍p {\\displaystyle i+j=n+1} ê só͘-chāi. Ē-bīn âng-sek ê {\\displaystyle 1} tiō sī hoán-tùi-kak-sòaⁿ:\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{bmatrix}0&0&\\color {red}{1}\\\\0&\\color {red}{1}&0\\\\\\color {red}{1}&0&0\\end{bmatrix}}}\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nSòaⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘ |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Liân-li̍p sòaⁿ-sèng hong-têng-sek | \n* Gauss siau-tû-hoat\n* Kramer kong-sek\n* Gauss–Seidel hong-hoat\n* Jacobi hong-hoat\n\n | Three dimensional Euclidean space |\n| |\n| Hiòng-liōng | \n* Sòaⁿ-sèng to̍k-li̍p\n* Sòaⁿ-sèng cho͘-ha̍p\n* Hiòng-liōng tâu-iáⁿ\n* Ki-té\n* Siang-tùi ki-té\n\n |\n| |\n| Hiòng-liōng khong-kan | \n* Siang-tùi khong-kan\n* Chú-khong-kan\n* Hu̍t khong-kan\n* Kò͘-iú khong-kan\n* Kong-gī kò͘-iú khong-kan\n* Sòaⁿ-sèng thí-khui\n* Hâng khong-kan\n* Lia̍t khong-kan\n* Chhù-goân\n\n |\n| |\n| Lāi-chek khong-kan | \n* Tiám-chek\n* Cauchy–Schwarz put-téng-sek\n* Ti̍t-kau\n* Chèng-kui ti̍t-kau\n* Chèng-kui ti̍t-kau ki-té\n* Gram–Schmidt hong-hoat\n* Ti̍t-kau pó͘ khong-kan\n\n |\n| |\n| Hâng-lia̍tSòaⁿ-sèng siá-siōng | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Ián-sǹg | \n* Sêng-hoat\n* Choán-tì\n* Kiōng-tam choán-tì\n* Ge̍k hâng-lia̍t\n* Sarrus hong-hoat\n* Ki-pún piàn-hêng\n* Tùi-kak-hòa\n* Hun-kái\n\t+ LU\n\t+ QR\n\t+ Cholesky\n\t+ Schur\n\t+ Te̍k-ì-ta̍t\n\t+ Kò͘-iú-ta̍t\n\n |\n| |\n| Siōng-sò͘ | \n* Hâng-lia̍t-sek\n* Jiah\n* Kai-sò͘\n* Kò͘-iú-ta̍t\n* Kò͘-iú hâng-lia̍t-sek\n* Chòe-sió to-hāng-sek\n* Put-piàn in-chú\n* sè-hâng-lia̍t-sek\n\n |\n| |\n| Lūi-pia̍t | \n* Sù-hong\n* Khó-ge̍k\n* Tan-ūi\n* Tùi-thīn\n* Hermite\n* Chèng-kui\n* Ti̍t-kau\n* Tńg-se̍h\n* Unitary\n* Be̍k-lêng\n* Chiàⁿ-tēng\n* Toaⁿ-bô͘\n* Tì-ōaⁿ\n* Block\n* Saⁿ-kak\n* Tùi-kak\n* Khó-tùi-kak-hòa\n* Sio-siâng\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Hâng-lia̍t-sek | \n* Laplace tián-khui\n* Î-in-chú hâng-lia̍t\n* Vandermonde hâng-lia̍t-sek\n* Chiong-kiat-sek\n* Cauchy-Binet kong-sek\n\n |\n| |\n| To-goân sòaⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘ | \n* Chhe-chek\n* Gōa-chek\n* Kronecker chek\n* Ti̍t-chek\n* Gōa tāi-sò͘\n* Tùi-thīn tāi-sò͘\n* Tiuⁿ-liōng tāi-sò͘\n\n |\n| |\n| Hâng-lia̍t-sek hâm-sò͘ | \n* Hâng-lia̍t ê chí-sò͘\n* Hâng-lia̍t ê tùi-sò͘\n* Hâng-lia̍t ê pêng-hong-kin\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | \n* Sûn-liōng\n* Cayley-Hamilton tēng-lí\n* Perron–Frobenius tēng-lí\n* Schur pó͘ hâng-lia̍t\n* Sylvester koàn-sèng tēng-lí\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Lūi-pia̍t\n* Tāi-kong\n* Sò͘-ha̍k Mn̂g-kháu-ia̍h\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Chú-tùi-kak-sòaⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1584,3343,0.47382590487586],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4423}} -{"text":"\n**Sûn-sûn** (Hàn-jī: 純純; Kana: ジュン ジュン; 1914 nî - 1943 nî 1 goe̍h 8 ji̍t), pún-miâ **Lâu Chheng-hiong** (劉清香), sī Tâi-oân tū Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê cha-bó͘ koa-chhiú. I sī Bāng Chhun-hong, Ú Iā Hoe téng 1930 nî-tāi Tâi-oân liû-hêng-koa siōng-chá ián-chhiùⁿ ê koa-chhiú chi it.\n\nSeng-pêng\n---------\n\nSûn-sûn tū 1914 nî chhut-sì. Chhut-sin sàn-chhiah, pē-bú keng-êng mī-tàⁿ thàn-chia̍h, 13 hè sî iáu-bē oân-sêng ha̍k-hāu kàu-io̍k, i tiōh ka-ji̍p liáu koa-á-hì ê hì-pan o̍h chò-hì.\n\nI tū 1930 nî-tāi kàu 1940 nî-tāi chit tōaⁿ kî-kan chiâⁿ oa̍h-thiàu, chhiùⁿ liáu choē-choē i hit-tang-chūn tú hoat-piáu ê Tâi-oân-ōe kap Ji̍t-pún-ōe ê liû-hêng koa-khek, chhin-chhiūⁿ *Bāng Chhun-hong*, *Ú Iā Hoe* kap *Thô-hoe Khip-hiat Kì* téng; kî-tiong, *Thô-hoe Khip-hiat Kì* chit tiâu koa-khek tū Tâi-oân sī the̍h-lâi thè kāng miâ ê Siōng-hái tiān-iáⁿ phah kóng-kò, hōo lâng hoan-e̍k chò Eng-bûn *The Peach Girl*.","meta":{"title":"Sûn-sûn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[193,1032,0.187015503875969],"infobox":["
    Sûn-sûn
    \n
    1943 nî chìn-chêng
    Tshut-sì\n1914 nî ? goe̍h ? ji̍t(1914-Piáu-ta̍t chhò-ngō͘: jīn-bô piau-tiám hû-hō \"?\".-0?)
    Kuè-sin\n1943 nî 1 goe̍h 8 ji̍t (29 hòe)
    Kok-tsi̍k\n\"\" Ji̍t-pún
    Tsit-gia̍p\nkoa-chhiú
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1007}} -{"text":"Chhōe kî-thaⁿ ēng-hoat, khòaⁿ Su-hoat (khu-pia̍t).\nChiū hoat-lu̍t-tek lâi kóng, **su-hoat** (司法) he̍k-chiá-sī kóng **su-hoat hē-thóng** sī chí hoat-īⁿ tāi-piáu chú-koân iah kok-ka lâi chò kong-gī ê chú-chhâi. Su-hoat hē-thóng sī beh chò kái-koat kau-liâu ê lō͘-iōng--ê.\n\nSu-hoat ki-koan tō sī chí hoat-īⁿ pún-sin, su-hoat jîn-oân pau-koat hoat-koaⁿ, chhui-sū, su-kì-koaⁿ kap hoat-īⁿ lāi-té ê kî-thaⁿ hia̍p-chō͘ ki-koan ūn-chok sūn-sū ê kong-bū-oân. Chóng--sī pō͘-pêng leh sú-iōng ê sî bô hiah giâm-keh, hoān-ûi ē ke chin khoah, tī chi̍t-koá kok-ka--ni̍h, ū-sî-chūn liân sio̍k-tī hêng-chèng-koân ê kéng-chhat, tiau-cha jîn-oân téng-téng mā kā kóng chāi lāi, sui-bóng án-ne, tio̍h chù-ì su-hoat kap hêng-chèng sū-si̍t-siōng sī chèng-hú hun-koân lāi-té ê 2 ê bô-kâng ê pō͘-hūn.\n\nHun-koân ê chè-tō͘ kā chèng-hú àn lō͘-iōng hun-thiah chò bô-kâng ê toā pō͘-mn̂g. Àn it-poaⁿ lí-sióng ê siat-kè, su-hoat sī chit lāi-té ê 1 ê to̍k-li̍p tan-ūi, i chiáng-ak kái-soeh hoat-lu̍t kap àn hoat-lu̍t sím-phoàⁿ ê koân.","meta":{"title":"Su-hoat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,995,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1151}} -{"text":"***Campione!*** (カンピオーネ!, *Kanpiōne!*?, lit. \"Champion!\") sī chi̍t-pō͘ Ji̍t-pún ê khin-sió-soat, chok-chiá sī Tiōng-goa̍t Sêng, ùi 2008 nî khai-sí chhut-pán. Āu-lâi ū kái chò báng-gah kap tōng-oē.\n\nKò͘-sū\n------\n\nChháu-tè Hō͘-tông, i sī chi̍t-ê chhì sîn chi jîn, tit-tio̍h sîn ê la̍t-liōng. Sui-jiân i nǹg-bāng chò chi̍t-ê phhó͘-thong ê ko-tiong-siⁿ, m̄-kó chi̍t-ê chū-chheng sī in ài-jîn-á ê cha-bó͘-gín-á Erica soah m̄ hō͘ i án-ne.\n\nJîn-bu̍t\n--------\n\nChháu-tè Hō͘-tông (Kusanagi Godō)\nTē-chhit-ūi chhì-sîn-chiá(弒神者), phah-tó tāi-piáu sèng-lī ê bô-sūn-chiông chi sîn iā tio̍h-sī kó͘ Pho-su ê chiàn-sîn Verethragna,jī-chhiá koh chhoàn-toa̍h(篡奪) i ê chap-toā-hoà-sin koân-lêng(權能) ê lâng.\nŪ-kàu bô sek-ha̍p ka-kī chok-chiàn. Ūi-tio̍h kap bô-sūn-chiông chi sîn ah sī tông-cho̍k ê chhì-sîn-chiá sio-chiàn, put-sam-sî hō͘ sin-khu-piⁿ ê cha-bó͘-gín-á hiàn-chhut ka-kī ê tì-sek (kap chhùi-tûn).\nErica Blandelli\nChit-chhut ê tē-it-lú-chú-kak. Cha̍p-la̍k hoè ê Italy Milan siàu-lú. Ū ' Chhim-hông 0k-môo (Diavolo Rosso)' ê chheng-hō. Chū-chheng Hō͘-tông ê ' ài-jîn'. Gâu ham lâng kau-liû , tùi koán-lí kap tì-bô͘ chin ū-chi̍t-keng thò.\nBān-lí-kok Iū lí(Mariya Yuri)\nTē-jī lú-chú-kak. Cha̍p-la̍k hoè ê su-li̍p Siâⁿ-lâm ha̍k-īⁿ ko-tiong-pō͘ chi̍t nî la̍k pan ê ha̍k-seng.\nLiliana Kranjčar\nTē-saⁿ lú-chú-kak. Cha̍p-la̍k hoè ê Tang-au siàu-lú , kiàm chi iau-chiaⁿ. Kah-ì siá ài-chêng ( siàu-siūⁿ ) sió-soat ,\nchin gâu chò ka-sū. \n\nChheng-chhiu-oān Hūi-ná (Seishūin Ena)\nTē-sì lú-chú-kak. Ji̍p-pún ê miâ-ka tāi-piáu, jî-chhiáⁿ sī sì-ka tiong ê chi̍t kak, Chheng-chhiu-oān ka ê to̍k-seng-lí.\n\nBàng-gah\n--------\n\nTī *Super Dash & Go!* ê 2011 nî 12 goe̍h hō kàu 2013 nî 6 goe̍h-hō liân-chài, chok oē sī Pán-pún chhù-lông.\n\nTōng-oē\n-------\n\n13 chi̍p ê kái-pian tōng-oē iû Diomedéa chè-chok, 2012 nî 7 goe̍h tī Ji̍t-pún hòng-sàng. Phìⁿ-thâu sī Eng-chhoan Hui chhiùⁿ ê \"BRAVE HEART\", phìⁿ-boé sī Siáu-chhong Ûi chhiùⁿ ê \"Raise\".\n\nGoā-pō͘ Liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Khin-sió-soat ê koaⁿ-bāng\n* Tōng-oē ê koaⁿ-bāng","meta":{"title":"Campione!","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[49,1924,0.02546777546777547],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2280}} -{"text":"**Pī-īn** (tiāⁿ ū tha̍k **phiah-īn**), he̍k-chiá kóng **seng-sán khòng-chè** (Eng-gí: *birth control*), sī chí hia-ê hō͘ cha-po͘-lâng kap cha-bó͘-lâng kau-ha̍p liáu-āu khah bē ū-sin ê hong-hoat. Ū chi̍t-koá pī-īn ê hong-sek kâng-sî ē-tàng pó-hō͘ sèng-kau ê lâng mài khì hō͘ sèng thoân-jiám-pēⁿ oè--tio̍h.\n\nPī-īn nā sī chiâⁿ-chò 1 chióng chèng-chhek ê chhiú-toāⁿ, án-ne tō hō-chò seng-io̍k khòng-chè, tī ka-têng chit-ê chân-bīn lâi kóng, tō sī ka-têng kè-e̍k, ì-sù sī kóng hi-bāng thàu-koè tāi-seng kè-oē, hō͘ seⁿ kiáⁿ io kiáⁿ mài piàn-chò ì-goā, thang tāi-seng chún-pī, siūⁿ hō͘ chim-chiok.\n\nChò pī-īn ê lâng, ū khó-lêng sī ang-á-bó͘, mā ū khó-lêng sī bô kiat-hun m̄-koh toà chò-hoé, he̍k-chiá-sī ū tēng-hun ê lâng, lâm-lú-pêng-iú, sīm-chì sī lō͘-chúi-chêng (one night stand) ê tùi-siōng mā ē pī-īn.\n\nPī-īn ê in-toaⁿ chin chē, pí-lūn: cha-po͘ kap cha-bó͘ khó-lū keng-chè in-sò͘, bô-hoat-tō͘ chhī siuⁿ chē kiáⁿ-jî. Mā ū ê lâng sī kui-khì lóng bô beh seⁿ kiáⁿ, tō pī-īn. Siàu-liân-lâng ē siūⁿ-kóng āu-pái beh ài ū kiáⁿ-jî cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ, chóng--sī chit-má iáu chió hoè, tio̍h tán khah ū chîⁿ iah-sī thâu-lō͘ khah ún-tēng chiah seⁿ. Thàu-koè pī-īn, 2 ê lâng iû-goân ē-tàng tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sèng-kau, hiáng-siū ún-tēng ê koan-hē, koh m̄-bián hoân-ló seⁿ kiáⁿ chhiâⁿ kiáⁿ ê būn-tê, kā in-ūi kau-ha̍p lâi ū-sin ê ki-lu̍t kàng-kē.","meta":{"title":"Pī-īn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1345,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1568}} -{"text":"\n**Lam Research kong-si** (ing-gú: Lam Research Corporation) sī tsi̍t-king uī puànn-tō-thé hâng-gia̍p thê-kiong tsing-înn tsè-tsō [en] siat-pī kah siong-kuan ho̍k-bū ê Bí-kok kiong-ing-siong. Lam Research ê sán-phín [en] tsú-iàu iōng teh tsiân-tuan tsing-înn ka-kang, pau-kuat tsè-tsō puànn-tō-thé guân-kiānn (tiān-tsing-thé, tiān-iông-khì (kontensa, capacitor)) ê iú-guân guân-kiānn kah i-ê pòo-suànn (hōo-liân) ê pōo-tsiū. Lam Research kong-si iah-koh uī-tio̍h āu-tuan tsing-înn kip hong-tsong [en] (WLP) kah bî-ki-tiān hē-thóng [en] (MEMS) tíng-tíng siong-kuan tsè-tsō tshī-tiûnn tsè-tsō siat-pī.\n\nLam Research iû David K. Lam [en] phok-sū tī 1980-nî tshòng-li̍p, tsóng-pōo khiā-ti Bíkok California tsiu Fremont [en] ê Si̍k-kok. Tsia̍t-tsí 2018-nî, Lam Research sī uan-khu tē-2 tuā tset-so-siong, pai ê Tesla kong-si āu-piah.\n\nLi̍k-sú ên-kik\n--------------\n\nLam Research iû huâ-ē kang-tîng-su David K. Lam tī 1980-nî tshòng-li̍p, David pat-teh Xerox [en]. Hewlett-Packard, kah Texas Instruments [en] tíng-tíng kong-si kang-tsok kuè. Hit-tang-tsūn David teh Hewlett Packard ê sî-tsūn, i khuànn-tio̍h su-iàu koh-khah hó ê tíng-lī-tsí sit-khik siat-pī (plasma etching equipment), ē-tàng tué-tioh puànn-tō-thé tsing-phìnn ê khuài-sok sió-hîng-huà. David kám-un Intel ê tshòng-sí-jîn Bob Noyce [en] thong-kuè khak-pó David ê khì-gia̍p kè-uē tsi ha̍p-lí, jî-lâi pang-tsān David hi̍k-tik tsu-kim\n\n1981-nî, Lam Research kong-si thui-tshut tē-1 khuán sán-phín AutoEtch 480, tse-sī tsi̍t-tsióng tsū-tōng to-tsing si̍k tíng-lī-tsí si̍k-khik-ki. Suán-ti̍k AutoEtch tsit-ê bîng-tshing sī uī-tio̍h piáu-bîng si̍k-khikki sī tsū-tōng-huà ê, lî-tshiánn 480 tang-tiong ê 80 lâi-tsū 1980-nî, iah tō sī kong-si sîng-li̍p ê hit-nî. Tē-1 ê hē-thóng tī 1982-nî 1-gue̍h bē-tshut-khì. 1982-nî, Roger Emerick hông jīm-bīng tsò siú-si̍k king-îng tsip-hîng-tsiá.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Lam Research Corporation FY2022 Annual Report (Form 10-K)\". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 24 August 2022.\n2. ↑ \"LAM RESEARCH CORP (LRCX:NASDAQ GS): Company Description\". Bloomberg L.P. 19 May 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Lam Research on the Forbes America's Largest Public Companies List\". *Forbes* (ēng Eng-gí). 10 May 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ [*bare URL*]\n5. 1 2 \"Oral History: David K. Lam\". *SEMI.ORG*. 2011. 9 August 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ \"SEMI Oral History Interview\". stanford.edu. 24 July 2007. goân-loē-iông tī 11 November 2013 hőng khó͘-pih. 12 May 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n7. ↑ \"Lam Research Corporation – 10-K\". lamresearch.com. 18 September 1996. 12 May 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n8. ↑ \"Executive Profile – Roger D. Emerick\". Bloomberg L.P. 2 June 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* tsing-înn tsè-tsō [en]\n* tsing-înn kip hong-tsng [en]\n* U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām (Eng-gí)\n* Business data for Lam Research: \n\t+ Google Finance\n\t+ Yahoo! Finance\n\t+ SEC filings (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Lam Research kong-si","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1534,3326,0.4612146722790138],"infobox":["
    Lam Research kong-si
    \n
    Hîng-thài\nKong-khai kong-si
    \n
    Hâng-gia̍p\npuànn-tō-thé
    Tshòng-kiàn nî\n1980 nî;​ 43 nî í-chêng​ (1980)
    Tshòng-kiàn-tsiá\nDavid K. Lam [en]
    Tsóng-pōo\nBíkok California tsiu ê Fremont [en]
    Líng-tō jîn-bu̍t
    		\nTim Archer
    (CEO kiam Tsóng-tshâi)
    Stephen G. Newberry
    (Tsú-si̍k)
    Ho̍k-bū sán-phín\nPuànn-tō-thé tsè-tsō sán-phín
    Revenue\n\"Increase\" US$17.23 billion (2022)
    \n\"Increase\" US$5.38 billion (2022)
    \n\"Increase\" US$6.61 billion (2022)
    Total assets\n\"Increase\" US$17.20 billion (2022)
    Total equity\n\"Increase\" US$6.28 billion (2022)
    Guān-káng jîn-sòo
    		\nc. 17,700 (2022)
    Bāng-tsām\nlamresearch.com
    \nTsù-kha / tsù-kái
    Financials Chia̍t-chí 2022 nî 7 goe̍h 26 ji̍t (2022-07-26)[update].
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3121}} -{"text":"{{Panagsolbar ti infobox\n|nagan = Agtutubo\n|billing\\_type = kita\\_ti\\_panagsingil\n|subdibision\\_tipo = panagtaeng.\n|nagan\\_ti\\_subdibision = Pang-bô͘:Bandera\n|splittype1 = [[bingbingay nga tipo1|splittype1]\n|nagan\\_ti\\_panagbingbingay1 = pannakabingbingay.\n|splittype2 = subbingbingay.\n|subdivision\\_name2 = [[Dagiti Subdibision|Dagiti Subdibision]\n|subdibision\\_tipo3 = [[Pho-lan-e kong-sia|Kong-sia]\n|subdivision\\_name3 = [[Dagiti Subdibision ti Kong-sia|Dagiti Subdibision]\n|dagup\\_ti\\_populasion = 4000 a populasion\n|sona ti oras = [[Tiong-po͘ Au-Chiu-Sî-kan|CET].\n|utc\\_offset = +1\n|sona\\_ti\\_oras\\_DST = [[sona\\_ti\\_oras\\_DST|CEST].\n|utc\\_offset\\_DST = +2\n|mapa\\_ti\\_pushpin = Polonia\n|pin\\_label\\_position = ngato\n|pcs = 540 nga mga\n|latm = 27 nga\n|patch =\n|lat.NS = N\n|atiddog ​​= 20\n|kaatiddog ​​= 31\n|malipat =\n|atiddogEW = E\n}}\n**Młodzawy Małe** sī chi̍t ê tī Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok Świętokrzyskie Séng Pińczów Kūn Pińczów Kong-siā ê chng-thâu.\n\nChham-oa̍t\n----------\n\n* Pho-lân ê chng-thâu\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)\" (ēng Pho-lân-gí). 2008-06-01.","meta":{"title":"Młodzawy Małe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[142,994,0.14285714285714285],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1185}} -{"text":"\n**Ài-lân** (愛蘭) kū-miâ **O͘-gû-lân** (烏牛欄), sī Tâi-oân Lâm-tâu-koān Po͘-lí-tìn lāi ê chng-siā, só͘-chāi tī Po͘-lí chhī-lāi ê sai-pêng.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nPún chng kiam sì-ûi tē-hng, sī 1920 nî só͘ siat ê Lêng-ko-kūn Po͘-lí-ke ē-té ê tōa-jī O͘-gû-lân, chiàu 1935 nî ê thóng-kè, ū pêng-siông chū-bîn 1553 lâng, lāi-bīn Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k chiàm 829-ê; Hok-kiàn-hē (tāi-iok tùi-tâng Hō-ló-lâng) chiàm 440; Kńg-tang-hē (tāi-iok tùi-tâng Kheh-lâng) chiàm 219.\n\n\"O͘-gû-lân\" chit-ê chng-siā goân-té sī khiā tī kin-á-ji̍t Tâi-tiong-chhī Hong-goân-khu lāi ê Pazeh-cho̍k *Auran* (ia̍h ū siá *Aoran*) siā, in tùi goân chē-chí sóa kòe hiān-chāi Po͘-lí tē-hng liáu-āu tiō chiàu goân-miâ lâi hō. Tû-liáu Auran siā í-gōa, O͘-gû-lân Koân-phiâⁿ téng iáu ū *Patakan* kap *Lalusai* nn̄g siā. \"Auran\" chiō sī \"O͘-gû-lân\" kiam āu-lâi \"Ài-lân\" hō-miâ ê lâi-goân.\n\nTâi-oân Tiúⁿ-ló-kàu-hōe ê Ài-lân Kàu-hōe, sī chāi-tē Pazeh lâng ûi chú ê kàu-hōe.\n\n1947 nî 3 goe̍h 16, Tiong-pō͘ chāi-tē ê Jī-chhit Pō͘-tūi, kap Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok phài--lâi ê 21 Su 16 Lú 436 Thoân pō͘-tūi khí O͘-gû-lân Chiàn-tò͘.\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi Tâi-oân ê jîn-kháu thóng-kè hun ê Hok-kiàn/Kńg-tang kap hiān-taⁿ thong-sio̍k ê Hō-ló/Kheh-ka ê hun-pia̍t beh kâng m̄-koh bô goân-choân sio ha̍h.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ 臺灣總督官房調查課 (1936). *昭和十年末 臺灣常住戶口統計*. p. 186.\n2. ↑ 衛惠林 (1981). *埔里巴宰七社志*. 中央研究院.\n3. ↑ 李靖唐 (2011). *埔里愛蘭長老教會的設立與發展* (sek-sū thesis). 中興大學 歷史學系所.\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n* Google (2017-02-20). \"烏牛欄\" (Map). *Google Maps*. Google. 2017-02-20 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"O͘-gû-lân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[701,1763,0.3976176971072036],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Ài-lân / O͘-gû-lân
    愛蘭 / 烏牛欄
    Auran
    \n\"Ji̍t-pún
    Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê O͘-gû-lân tiàu-kiô
    \n
    \n
    \"Ài-lân
    \"Ài-lân
    Ài-lân / O͘-gû-lân
    愛蘭 / 烏牛欄
    Ài-lân / O͘-gû-lân
    愛蘭 / 烏牛欄 tī Lâm-tâu-koān ê tāi-khài ūi-tì    \n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 23°58′33″N 120°56′25″E / 23.97583°N 120.94028°E / 23.97583; 120.94028
    Koān-chhī\n \n
    Hiong-tìn-chhī-khu\n\t\t\n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1777}} -{"text":"\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Pún-chiuⁿ sī sio̍k-î **Ki-tok-kàu** hē-lia̍t ê chi̍t-ê pō·-hūn |\n| |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu Le̍k-sú**\nIâ-so͘ Ki-tok\nCha̍p-jī ê Sù-tô·\nTong-hong Kéng-Kàu\nTang-sai Kàu-hōe ê hun-lia̍t\nSi̍p-jī-kun ê Tang-cheng\nChong-kàu ê Kái-kek |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Sîn-ha̍k**\nKi-tok-kàu ê Chông-pài \nIn-tián · Kiù-in \nSan-siōng ê Kàu-hùn \nSi̍t-chāi ê hok-khì\nChú ê Kî-tó-bûn\nCha̍p-tiâu-kài\nSèng-lêng\nTháu-pa̍k sîn-ha̍k\n**Ki-tok-kàu ê Lé-chiat**\nSé-lé\nSèng-chhan-lé |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Sèng-keng**\nKū-iok Sèng-keng\nSin-iok Sèng-keng\nÂng-phoê Sèng-keng |\n| Ki-tok-kàu ê Cheh-ji̍t\nSèng-tàn-cheh\nSèng-tàn Ló-jîn\nKoh-oa̍h-cheh |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Kàu-phài**\nTang-chèng-kàu\nThian-chú-kàu\nIâ-so·-hōe\nTō-bêng-hōe\nKi-tok-sin-kàu\nBí-kok Kong-lí-hōe\nBí-kok Kui-chèng Kàu-hōe\nEng-kok Kok-kàu\nAn-hioh-ji̍t Hōe\nTâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hoē\nGō·-sûn-chat Kàu-phài\nSù-tô·-sìn-sim-hoē \nSîn-tiàu-hōe\nSîn ê Kàu-hoē\nChin Iâ-so· Kàu-hōe\n**Siū chèng-thóng kàu-hōe kheh-che̍h**\nIâ-hô-hoa Kiàn-chèng-jîn\nIâ-so· Ki-tok Āu-kî Sèng-tô· Kàu-hōe\nSin-iok Kàu-hōe\nThóng-it Kàu-hōe |\n\n**Chú ê Kî-tó-bûn** ia̍h-hō **Chú-tó-bûn** sī Ki-tok-kàu chòe-chiong iú-miâ ê kî-tó bûn. Kin-kì Sèng-keng ê kì-chài, Iâ-so͘ ê sù-tô͘ chhéng-kiû i chí-tō in kî-tó. Chú ê kî-tó bûn sī kì-chài tī Sin-iok Sèng-keng Má-thài Hok-im-Su tē la̍k chiuⁿ káu chat chì cha̍p-saⁿ chat, sī San-siōng ê Kàu-hùn ê it-pōo-hūn. Lēng-gōa it-phiⁿ sio-tâng ê kî-tó bûn sī kì-chài tī Lō͘-ka Hok-im cha̍p-it-chiuⁿ.\n\nChú Iâ-so͘ ê Kî-tó-bûn\n----------------------\n\n\"Só͘-í lín bo̍h-tit o̍h in; in-ūi lín bē kiû I ê tāi-seng, lín ê Pē í-keng chai lín só͘ khiàm-ēng ê.\nSó͘-í lín tio̍h án-ni kî-tó:\" \n\n\"Goán tī thiⁿ-ni̍h ê Pē, Goān lí ê miâ sèng.\nLí ê kok lîm-kàu.\nLí ê chí-ì tit chiâⁿ, tī tōe-ni̍h chhin-chhiūⁿ tī thiⁿ-ni̍h.\nGoán ê ji̍t-si̍t, kin-á-ji̍t hō͘ goán.\nSià-bián goán ê ko͘-hū, chhin-chhiūⁿ goán ia̍h ū sià-bián ko͘-hū goán ê lâng.\nBo̍h-tit chhōa goán ji̍p tī chhì, tio̍h kiù goán thoat-lī hit ê pháiⁿ-ê.\n(In-ūi kok, kôan-lêng, êng-kng lóng sī Lí ê, tāi-tāi bô-chīn. Amen.)\"\n\"In-ūi lín nā sià-bián lâng ê kè-sit, lín ê Thiⁿ Pē ia̍h beh sià-bián lín.\nLín nā bô sià-bián lâng ê kè-sit, lín ê Pē ia̍h bô beh sià-bián lín ê kè-sit.\"","meta":{"title":"Chú ê Kî-tó-bûn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[998,2091,0.47728359636537543],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2503}} -{"text":"**Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok liû-bông chèng-hú lūn** (中華民國流亡政府論) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú thóng-tī Tâi-oân ê chi̍t chióng tē-ūi lūn-su̍t, sī kin-kì Tâi-oân tē-ūi bī-tēng lūn tùi Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chāi Tâi-oân ê tēng-ūi. Chit-ê koan-tiám jīn-ûi, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú tī 1949 nî hō͘ Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán Tóng kek-pāi liáu-āu, ùi Tiong-kok liû-bông Tâi-oân, pēng í si̍t-bîn thé-chè chìn-hêng thóng-tī. Tī 2000 nî kàu 2008 nî Tân Chúi-píⁿ chèng-hú sî-kî, chit-ê koan-tiám khah chió pī mûi-thé koan-chù. Tān-sī tī 2008 nî Má Eng-kiú chèng-hú sî-kî, chit-ê koan-tiám chài-tō͘ heng-khí. Sî-jīm Bîn-chìn-tóng chú-se̍k Chhòa Eng-bûn tī 2010 nî 5 goe̍h 25 hō, tī chi̍t tiûⁿ chō-tâm-hōe siōng piáu-sī: \"Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok sī chi̍t ê liû-bông chèng-hú\", ín-hoat nâ-iâⁿ ê put-boán. 2016 nî, Chhòa Eng-bûn tāi-piáu Bîn-chìn-tóng iâⁿ-tit chóng-thóng tāi-soán, chò-ûi Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chóng-thóng, i m̄-bat koh kè-sio̍k chú-tiuⁿ \"Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok sī chi̍t ê liû-bông chèng-hú\" ê koan-tiám, m̄-koh mā bô kong-khai hó͘-jīn chit-ê koan-tiám.","meta":{"title":"Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok liû-bông chèng-hú lūn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1018,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1168}} -{"text":"**Bêng-tī Î-sin** (Ji̍t-gí: 明治維新; めいじいしん) sī 19-sè-kí boa̍t-kî, Ji̍t-pún só͘ chò--ê, ū chu-pún chú-gī sèng-chit-tek choân-bīn se-hoà kap hiān-tāi-hoà ê kái-kek ūn-tōng. Thàu-koè chit-ê ūn-tōng, kā siōng-boé 1-ê bo̍k-hú Edo Bo̍k-hú sak--tó, hō͘ thian-hông chhin-sin lâi chú-chhî koán-lí kok-ka, kái-kek ê hoān-ûi, khan-sia̍p-tio̍h tiong-iong ê koaⁿ-chè, hoat-lu̍t chè-tō͘, hông-kiong thé-chè, sin-hūn kai-ki̍p, tē-hng hêng-chèng, kim-iông, bō͘-e̍k, sán-gia̍p, keng-chè, kàu-io̍k, goā-kau kap chong-kàu chèng-chhek téng-téng.\n\nkhài-lio̍k\n----------\n\nBêng-tī î-sin sī siáⁿ-mi̍h sî-chūn khai-sí--ê ū chē-chē khoán kóng-hoat tī-leh, khah e̍h--ê sī kí Ji̍t-pún nî-hō kái-chò Bêng-tī hit-tong-sî, iā-tō-sī 1868-nî 10--goe̍h 23 (kū-le̍k 9--goe̍h chhoe 8), m̄-koh phó-thong kóng Bêng-tī î-sin ê sî, sī chí tāi-chèng hōng-hoân (大政奉還), ông-chèng ho̍k-kó͘ (王政復古) liáu-āu sio-liân-soà ê kái-kek, nā chhut-boé ê sî-kan, it-poaⁿ sī lia̍h se-lâm chiàn-cheng kiat-sok (1877-nî), lāi-koh chè-tō͘ kiàn-li̍p (1885-nî), hiàn-hoat thé-chè sêng-li̍p (1889-nî) chit kúi-ê sī-kan-tiàm siōng-kài chē.\n\nChit-toāⁿ sî-kan ê sin chèng-hú, toā-pō͘-hūn sī kā hō-chò \"Bêng-tī chèng-hú\", \"sin chèng-hú\" iah \"î-sin chèng-hú\". Mā ū lâng in-ūi hit lāi-té ê būn-tê, kā phì-siùⁿ chò \"phoan-hoa̍t chèng-hú\", chit-khoán thé-hō sī in-ūi sin chèng-hú--ni̍h chin chē chú-iàu jîn-bu̍t sī Satuma-phoan kap Tyôsyû-phoan ê thâu-lâng, chú-iàu ê būn-tê sī chí Bêng-tī chèng-hú ê chhiú-lō͘ choan-chè, koh tiong-ki̍p í-siōng ê koaⁿ-oân tō chin hán jīn-iōng kū chèng-hú ê lâng, koân-le̍k pá-a̍k tī chi̍t-pō͘-hūn ê kiông-toā phoan-sú chhiú--ni̍h.\n\nBêng-tī î-sin chit-ê kóng-hoat sī Chiau-hô (昭和) sî-tāi liáu-āu chiah pìⁿ phó-phiàn--ê, nā hit-tang-chūn ê láng, tùi tāi-chèng hōng-hoân kap hùi-phoan tì-koān (廢藩置縣) ê kái-kek, sī kā kiò-chò \"goissin\"(御一新).\n\nBêng-tī î-sin tī té sî-kan lāi-té tō hō͘ Ji̍t-pún ê kok-ka le̍k-liōng chám-jiân-á thê-seng, ē-tàng kap Se-kok sio pí-phēng, tì-sú A-chiu ta̍k-kok choaⁿ-á kā tòng-chò sī kīn-tāi kái-kek ê tián-hoān.\n\nkái-kek ê hong-chiam\n--------------------\n\nBêng-tī sin chèng-hú ê kái-kek hong-chiam, siōng-ki-pún koh thâu-chi̍t-kiāⁿ tō sī ùi Edo Bo̍k-hú, iā-chiū-sī Tokugawa Bo̍k-hú kā chip-chèng-koân the̍h--lo̍h-lâi, kau tī thian-hông chhiú--ni̍h (tāi-chèng hōng-hoân, ông-chèng ho̍k-kó͘), bo̍k-hú chū án-ne kiâⁿ-ji̍p le̍k-sú, koh lâi tō sī cháu-chhoē hong-sek, beh hō͘ Ji̍t-pún thang jip-chiūⁿ Au-chiu kap Bí-kok téng-téng ê kiông-kok, chit hong-bīn thang kū-thé tī 1868-nî ê Ngó͘-kò-tiâu Gū-sè-bûn (五箇条の御誓文) khoàⁿ--chhut-lâi. Kán-tan kóng, tō-sī thàu-koè ha̍p-gī thé-chè (合議体制), koaⁿ-bîn it-thé (官民一体), lâi chiâⁿ-chòe 1-ê kok-ka, koh phah-phoà kū-koàn-sì, poê-ióng kap sè-kài ta̍k-kok pêⁿ-chē-khí ê châi-tiāu.\n\nKóng-tio̍h beh ta̍t-sêng téng-koân chiah-ê bo̍k-phiau, siōng chia̍p thiaⁿ-tio̍h ê kháu-hō sī \"bù-kok kiông-peng\" (富国強兵) kap \"si̍t-sán heng-gia̍p\" (殖産興業).","meta":{"title":"Bêng-tī Î-sin","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2921,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3342}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Heliophorus ila |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Bú--ê |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Arthropoda |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Insecta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Lepidoptera |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chhiau-kho: | Papilionoidea |\n| Kho: | Lycaenidae |\n| A-kho: | Lycaeninae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Heliophorus* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***H. ila*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Heliophorus ila***? |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n***Heliophorus ila*** (Hôa-gí: 紅邊黃小灰蝶) sī 1 chióng khun-thiông, phián-si̍t khoah 30 kàu 34 mm. Si̍t-kó· ê pak-tó· hit-bīn sī n̂g-sek--ê, kang--ê bú--ê lóng kâng, gōa-iân hū-kīn ū âng-sek pan-bûn; si̍t-kó· ê kha-chiah-phiaⁿ chit-bīn sī o·-sek--ê, ē-kha-si̍t ê gōa-iân hū-kīn ū âng-sek hái-éng-khoán ê pan-bûn, kang--ê téng-koân-si̍t ū tōa bīn-chek ê khóng-chí-sek kim-sio̍k ê kim-thâu, ah bú--ê téng-koân-si̍t sī âng-sek ê pan-bûn.\n\nSêng-thâng kui-nî-thàu-tang ū khòaⁿ--kìⁿ; seng-o̍ah tī pêⁿ-tē kàu tiong-hái-po̍at soaⁿ-khu ê chháu-châng kap chhiū-châng khoân-kéng; si̍t-si̍t-sèng khun-thâng, chia̍h si̍t-bu̍t kok pō·-ūi kap nōa--khì ê kóe-chí; tiū-hêng-sèng khun-thâng, ji̍t--sî chhut-lâi o̍ah-tāng; kah-ì hóng-būn hoe-châng.","meta":{"title":"Heliophorus ila","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[212,947,0.2238648363252376],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1287}} -{"text":"Sio si̍p-jī-kè sī KKK chá-kî oa̍h-tāng ê chi̍t khoán hong-sek.\n**Ku Klux Klan**, kán-lio̍k chò **KKK**, ē-sài kiò \"**Sam K(Khe) Tóng**\", sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t khoán pe̍h-lâng iu-oa̍t-chú-gī he̍k-chiá sī chéng-cho̍k-chú-gī ūn-tōng. In tī le̍k-sú siōng ē-tàng hun saⁿ kái ūn-tōng, bí chi̍t kái chi kan bô ti̍t-chiap ê koan-hē.\n\nThâu chi̍t kái KKK ê cho͘-chit sī tī lōe-chiàn liáu-āu Tiông-kiàn Sî-tāi (Reconstruction Era) Bí-kok ê lâm-pō͘, tī hit-chūn in ê oa̍h-tāng chú-iàu sī kong-kek o͘-lâng thâu-lâng. Chit kái ūn-tōng tī 1871 nî kiat-sok.\n\nTē jī kái ūn-tōng sī choân-kok-sèng--ê, in tī 1920 nî chó-iū khí-heng, chú-iàu sī chiam-tùi Thian-chú-kàu kap î-bîn téng-téng tùi-siòng.\n\n1970 nî-tāi kòe-āu ê KKK, sī chi̍t kóa lī-ēng KKK chò miâ ê cho͘-chit, in tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hoat-tōng tùi chió-sò͘ cho̍k-kûn he̍k-chiá î-bîn ê khòng-gī.\n\n \n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 236173772\n* LCCN: n80076145\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2165 5792\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ku Klux Klan","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[86,894,0.09619686800894854],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1133}} -{"text":"\n**Wagakki Band** (和楽器バンド, *wagakkibando*?) sī chi̍t-ê iōng *wagakki* (Ji̍t-pún thoân-thóng ga̍k-khì) ián-chàu iô-kún-ga̍k ê Ji̍t-pún ga̍k-thoân. In khah-chá ê koa kái-pian ùi Vocaloid, liáu-āu khai-sí siá in ê koa. In ê \"Tengaku\" (天樂, *\"Tengaku\"*?) kap \"Senbonzakura\" (千本桜, *\"Senbonzakura\"*?) ê im-ga̍k iáⁿ-phìⁿ tī Youtube ū kui pah-bān ê lâng khòaⁿ. In bat tī A-chiu, Au-chiu kap Bí-kok pān ián-chhiùⁿ-hōe.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### 2012-2013: Sêng-li̍p kap chá-kî sêng-kó\n\nTī 2012 nî jī-goe̍h, shigin ián-chhiùⁿ-chiá Suzuhana Yuko (tī 2011 hŏng soán-chò Miss Nico Nama *ニコ生*), shakuhachi ián-chàu-ka Kaminaga Daisuke, kap koto ián-chàu-ka Ibukuro Kiyoshi sêng-li̍p Hanafugetsu ga̍k-thoân. Suzuhana hit-ê sî-chūn mā ián-chàu kǹg-khîm. Suzuhana siūⁿ-beh ū chi̍t-ê ga̍k-thoân iông-ha̍p thoân-thóng kap hiān-tāi ê Ji̍t-pún bûn-hòa, só͘-í sêng-li̍p à Wagakki Band. \n\nTī 2012 nî peh-goe̍h, Hanafugetsu ê sêng-oân kap gì-tah-chhiú Machiya sio-tú, i sī tôaⁿ-khîm chin kín chhut-miâ ê im-ga̍k-ka. Chha-put-to hit-ê sî-kan, Suzuhana mā tú-tio̍h ga̍k-tūi Nico Nico Douga ê Wasabi. Wasabi, Kaminaga, kap Ibukuro khah-chá lóng kap wadaiko player Kurona tàu-tīn, āu-lâi mā iau-chhiáⁿ i kàu chit-ê ga̍k-thoân. Chit-ê ga̍k-thoân siōng-thâu ê koa-khek, ia̍h-sī Hanafugetsu ê miâ, sī Vocaloid ê kái-pian koa-khek \"Tsuki Kage Mai Ka\" (月・影・舞・華) kap tôaⁿ shamisen ê Kanade hām tôaⁿ bass ê Shirakami Mashiro. Chit-ê lo̍k-im ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ tī 2012 nî peh-goe̍h hoat-piáu.\n\nBassist Asa, chi̍t-ê chhut-miâ ê Vocaloid chhòng-chok-chiá, siá kòe chhut-miâ ê koa \"Yoshiwara Lament\" ka-ji̍p chi̍t-ê ga̍k-thoân. Tī Shibuya ê chi̍t-ê bar, in se̍k-sāi shamisen ián-chàu-ka Ninagawa Beni, āu-lâi ka-ji̍p chi̍t-ê ga̍k-thoân. Tī 2013 nî saⁿ-goe̍h, chit-ê ga̍k-tūi chèng-sek sêng-li̍p. Siōng khai-sí ê miâ sī *Suzuhana Yuko with Wagakki Band*, tān-sī tī 2014 nî, miâ tio̍h kái-chò *Wagakki Band*.\n\n### 2013-2014: Khah-chá tī chú-liû ê sêng-kong\n\nWagakki Band ê peh-ê sêng-oân thâu-chi̍t-ê koa-khek, \"La̍k-tiāu-nî kap Chi̍t-mê Kò͘-sū\" (六兆年と一夜物語), tī 2013 nî sì-goe̍h hòng-sàng. Tī peh-goe̍h, in kú-pān thâu-chi̍t-ê ián-chhiùⁿ-hōe tīNico Nico Music Master 2. \"Tengaku\" (天樂) ê im-ga̍k iáⁿ-phìⁿ ti 2013 nî khùi-bé; chit-ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ lāi thâu-chi̍t-kái khòaⁿ-tio̍h gi2-tah-chhiú Machiya ê bīn. In sòa-lo̍h-lâi tī 10th Tokyo International Music Market (TIMM) ián-chàu saⁿ-mê. Tī THE VOC@LOID M@STER 27, chit-ê tī 2013 nî 11 goe̍h ê Vocaloid tāi-hōe, in hoat-piáu *Joshou* (序章), chi̍t-ê hoan-chhiùⁿ Vocaloid ê koa ê choan-chip.\n\nWagakki Ga̍k-thoân kú-pān in ê sin-nî ián-chhiùⁿ-hōe, Wagakki Band Dai Shinnen Kai 2014~Wagakki X Band Gassen~ (和楽器バンド大新年会~和楽器Xバンド合戦~), tī Shibuya's Club Asia, 2017 nî it-goe̍h 31 hō. Kāng hit-kang, in hoat-piáu \"Senbonzakura\" (千本桜) ê MV, sûi tio̍h tī Nico Nico Douga kap YouTube leh chhiāng-chhiāng-kún, siū-tio̍h choân-sè-kài ê chù-ì. Wagakki Ga̍k-thoân hoan-chhiùⁿ Vocaloid koa-khek tī in ê choan-chip *Vocalo Zanmai* (ボカロ三昧), tī April 2014. Chit-ê choan-chip tī hit lé-pài ê Oricon pâi-hâng the̍h-tio̍h tē 5 miâ, tī sòa-lo̍h-lâi ê 22 ê lé-pài lóng ū chiân 100. Liáu-āu, in khai-sí chhòng-chok in ê koa-khek.\n\nSêng-oân\n--------\n\n* Suzuhana Yuko (鈴華ゆう子, *Suzuhana Yuko*?) – vocals\n* Machiya (町屋, *Machiya*?) – guitar\n* Ninagawa Beni (蜷川べに, *Ninagawa Beni*?) – tsugaru shamisen\n* Ibukuro Kiyoshi (いぶくろ聖志, *Ibukuro Kiyoshi*?) – koto\n* Asa (亜沙, *Asa*?) – bass\n* Kaminaga Daisuke (神永大輔, *Kaminaga Daisuke*?) – shakuhachi\n* Wasabi (山葵, *Wasabi*?) – drums\n* Kurona (黒流, *Kurona*?) – wadaiko\n\nDiscography\n-----------\n\n### Studio albums\n\n* *Joshou* (序章) (2013)\n* *Vocalo Zanmai* (ボカロ三昧, **Vocalo Zanmai**?) (2014)\n* *Yasou Emaki* (八奏絵巻, **Yasou Emaki**?) (2015)\n* *Shikisai* (四季彩, **Shikisai**?) (2017)\n* *Otonoe* (オトノエ) (2018)\n\n### Compilation albums\n\n* *Kiseki BEST COLLECTION+* (軌跡 BEST COLLECTION＋, **Kiseki BEST COLLECTION+**?) (2017)\n\n### Singles\n\n* \"Hanabi\" (華火, *\"Hanabi\"*?) (2014)\n* \"戦-ikusa-/なでしこ桜\" (, *\"戦-ikusa-/なでしこ桜\"*?) (2015)\n* \"Valkyrie -戦乙女-\" (, *\"Valkyrie -戦乙女-\"*?) (2016)\n* \"Kishikaisei -起死回生-\" (, *\"Kishikaisei -起死回生-\"*?) (2016)\n* \"Amenochi Kanjyoron\" (雨のち感情論, *\"Amenochi Kanjyoron\"*?) (2017)\n* \"Yuki Kageboushi\" (雪影ぼうし, *\"Yuki Kageboushi\"*?) (2018)\n* \"Sasameyuki\" (細雪, *\"Sasameyuki\"*?) (2018)\n\n### Live albums/Video releases\n\n* *Vocalo Zanmai Dai Ensoukai* (ボカロ三昧大演奏会, **Vocalo Zanmai Dai Ensoukai**?) (2014)\n* *Dai Shinnenkai 2016 Nippon Budōkan -Akatsuki no Utage-* (大新年会2016日本武道館 -暁ノ宴-, **Dai Shinnenkai 2016 Nippon Budōkan -Akatsuki no Utage-**?) (2016)\n* *WagakkiBand 1st US Tour 衝撃 -DEEP IMPACT-* (WagakkiBand 1st US Tour 衝撃 -DEEP IMPACT-, **WagakkiBand 1st US Tour 衝撃 -DEEP IMPACT-**?) (2017)\n* *Dai Shinnenkai 2017 Tokyo Taiikukan -Yuki no Utage, Sakura no Utage-* (大新年会2017東京体育館 -雪ノ宴・桜ノ宴-, **Dai Shinnenkai 2017 Tokyo Taiikukan -Yuki no Utage, Sakura no Utage-**?) (2017)\n* *Dai Shinnenkai 2018 Yokohama Arena -Ashita e no Kokai-* (大新年会2018横浜アリーナ ～明日への航海～, **Dai Shinnenkai 2018 Yokohama Arena -Ashita e no Kokai-**?) (2018)\n\n### Other releases\n\n* *Cradle of Eternity* (2016) - Yūko Suzuhana solo album\n\nAwards\n------\n\n| Year | Ceremony | Award | Nominated Work |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2005 | Japan Gold Disc Award | Best 5 New Artists | |\n| Japan Record Award | Planning Award | Yasou Emaki |\n| 2018 | Japan Record Award | Excellent Album Award | Otonoe |\n\nMā khòaⁿ-māi\n------------\n\n* Vocaloid\n\n* Hanafugetsu\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ *Wagakki Band / 和楽器バンド - Live at Nico Nico Music Master 2 (17.08.2013)*\n\n* Wagakki Band","meta":{"title":"Wagakki Band","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2102,5209,0.403532347859474],"infobox":["
    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    WagakkiBand
    \n
    WagakkiBand during a photo shoot at Japan Expo 2014 in Paris
    Poē-kéng chu-sìn
    Chhut-tō͘\ntī Japan
    Im-ga̍k Lūi-hêng\n
    Oa̍h-hiáⁿ\n2013 nî (2013) – present
    Chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ kong-si\nAvex Trax
    Sêng-oân
    \nYuko Suzuhana
    Kiyoshi Ibukuro
    Daisuke Kaminaga
    Beni Ninagawa
    Kurona
    Machiya
    Asa
    Wasabi
    Bāng-chām\nwagakkiband.jp
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5992}} -{"text":"Charles Perrault.\n**Charles Perrault** (1628 nî 1 goe̍h 12 – 1703 nî 5 goe̍h 16) sī éng-koè Hoat-kok ê chok-ka, i khai-chhòng 1 chióng sin ê bûn-ha̍k lūi-hêng (genre), hō chò gín-á-kó͘. I siá chin chē sim-sek ê kò͘-sū, chhan-chhiūⁿ *Le Petit Chaperon rouge* (*Âng Thâu-kin*), *La Belle au bois dormant* (*Khùn Bí-jîn*), kap *Le Maître chat ou le Chat botté* (*Chhēng hia-kóng ê Niau*). Perrault chin chē chok-phín kàu taⁿ iáu leh hoat-hêng, ū-ê hông kái phian chò ó͘-phē-là, ballet (khó-pí kóng Tchaikovsky ê *Sleeping Beauty*), hì-ke̍k, im-ga̍k-ke̍k (musical), kap tiān-iáⁿ (khó-pí kóng Walt Disney Kong-si phah ê phìⁿ *Cinderella* kap *Sleeping Beauty*).\n\nChok-phín\n---------\n\n* *Le Petit Chaperon rouge* (*Âng Thâu-kin*)\n* *La Belle au bois dormant* (*Khùn Bí-jîn*)\n* *Le Maître chat ou le Chat botté* (*Chhēng hia-kóng ê Niau*)\n* *Cendrillon ou la petite pantoufle de vair* (*O͘-cha-bó͘*)\n* *La Barbe bleue* (*Chhiⁿ-hô͘-chhiu*)\n* *Le Petit Poucet*\n* *Les Fées* (*Soān-chio̍h kap Chiuⁿ-chî*)\n* *La Marquise de Salusses ou la Patience de Griselidis*\n* *Les Souhaits ridicules*\n* *Peau d'Âne*\n* *Riquet à la houppe*","meta":{"title":"Charles Perrault","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[336,941,0.357066950053135],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1197}} -{"text":"Typical eukaryotic cell\n**Sè-pau ho͘-khip** (細胞呼吸; Eng-gí: *cellular respiration*), iā sī kóng **ho͘-khip chok-iōng**, sī seng-bu̍t tit tio̍h lêng-liōng ê thêng-sū, thaù-koè sng-sò͘ ham phô-tô-thn̂g ê hoán-èng ē-tit sán-seng chúi, CO₂ ham ATP (lêng-liōng). Ho͘-khip sī tī sè-pau ê chân-chhù leh ūn-chok; ho͘-khip tī sè-pau ê soàⁿ-lia̍p-thé chok-iōng, thê-kiong sè-pau lêng-liōng. \n\nSi̍t-bu̍t mā tio̍h-ài ho͘-khip, in lī-iōng kng-ha̍p-sêng sán-seng ê sng-sò͘ ham phô-tô-thn̂g lâi ho͘-khip, sán-seng lêng-liōng, chúi, ham CO₂.\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Tô͘-su-koán chu-goân about **Cellular respiration** \n\n---\n\n |\n| * Lí-ê tô͘-chu-koán chu-goân\n |\n\n* A detailed description of respiration vs. fermentation\n* Kimball's online resource for cellular respiration\n* Cellular Respiration and Fermentation at Clermont College\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85021667\n* GND: 4161796-4\n* BNF: cb12440837h (data)\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Sè-pau ho͘-khip","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[285,821,0.3471376370280146],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1082}} -{"text":"\n***Thunderbolt Fantasy Tong-lî Kiàm-iû-kì*** (Hàn-jī: - 東離劍遊紀) sī Tâi-oân Phek-le̍k Kok-chè To-mûi-thé Iú-hān kong-si (霹靂-) kap Ji̍t-pún Nitro+ kong-sī--ê kio̍k-pún-ka Hi-ian Hiân (虚淵玄) téng liân-ha̍p chè-chok--ê Pò͘-tē-hì iáⁿ-chi̍p, chú-tē sio̍k-tī Tiong-hoâ hong-keh--ê bú-hia̍p (武俠) kî-hoàn. Phoè-im ū Hô-ló-oē, Ji̍t-gí kap Hoâ-gí 3 chióng. 2016 nî 7 goe̍h thâu 1 pái pò͘-chhut, tī ji̍t-pún mā kái-pian-chò bàng-gah, kè-oē tī 7 goe̍h ji̍h--nih (hā-sûn, 下旬) chhut-pán.\n\nKhí-goân\n--------\n\nKio̍k-pún-ka Hi-ian Hiân lâi kah Tâi-pak Tōng-bān-chiat--ê sî, khoàⁿ-tio̍h Phek-le̍k Pò͘-tē-hì--ê tián-lám. Liáu-āu i tiō tńg Ji̍t-pún kā an-ne--ê gē-su̍t pò-hō͘ tong-sū chai. Choè-āu Phek-le̍k, Nitro+ kap Good Smile Company liân-ha̍p, chêng-li̍p Thunderbolt Fantasy Project chè-chok.\n\nChè-chok tan-ūi kap jîn-oân\n---------------------------\n\n* Goân-chok, chè-chok: Thunderbolt Fantasy Project\n* Goân-àn (原案), pian-kio̍k, chóng-kàm-siu: Hi-ian Hiân\n* ián-chhut, liap-iáⁿ: Phek-le̍k Kok-chè To-mûi-thé\n* Jîn-bu̍t sè-kè: Nitro+ (Sam-tō͘ Sinovu (三杜シノヴ Minori Sinovu), Goân-kak (源覚), Niθ, Tiong-iong tang-kháu (中央東口 Tyûô Higasiguti))\n* Ang-á chō-hêng kò͘-būn: Good Smile Company\n* Bú-khì Sè-kè: Phek-le̍k Kok-chè To-mûi-thé, Se̍k-tō͘ Makoto (石渡マコト Isiwata Makoto)\n* Im-ga̍k: Te̍k-iá Hông-chi (澤野弘之)\n* Im-hióng Kàm-to̍k: Giâm-lōng Bí-hô (岩浪美和)\n* Chú-tê-koa - T.M.Revolution \"RAIMEI\"\n\nHòng-sàng-tiám\n--------------\n\n### Tâi-oân\n\n* Phek-le̍k Youtube Phîn-tō\n* Bahamut Tong-oē-hong (Koaⁿ-oē: 巴哈姆特動畫瘋)\n* Ài-kî-gē (愛奇藝) Tâi-oân-chām\n\n### Ji̍t-pún\n\n* TOKYO MS\n* BS 11\n* AT-X","meta":{"title":"Thunderbolt Fantasy Tong-lî Kiàm-iû-kì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[642,1473,0.43584521384928715],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1762}} -{"text":"**Kōng** ia̍h-sī **khiò** sī éng-hióng tāi-chì ê hoat-tián kap si̍t-chè ê hiān-siōng ê chhiú-lō· he̍k-chiá-sī ki-su̍t, jî-chhiáⁿ chiah-ê chhiú-lō· (ki-su̍t) sī chhiau-chū-jiân, sîn-pì, kap hui-chèng-siông--ê.\n\n\"Kōng\" kap \"khiò\" ê ì-sù chiâⁿ-chē, mā ē in-ūi hoan-e̍k, kóng-ōe / siá-chok ê chú-tê, kò·-jîn ê chong-kàu sìn-gióng, kè-ta̍t-koan cheng-chha, he̍k-chiá-sī téng-ē-bûn ê lōe-iông, soah ū bô-kāng-khóan ê ì-sù..\n\nNā tī chhiau-sim-lí-ha̍k lâi kóng, \"kōng\" ( khiò ) tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī tēng-gī-chò \"ha̍k-si̍p kap sú-iōng chhiau-chū-jiân ê le̍k-liōng ia̍h-sī lêng-gôan\". Chi̍t-kóa chong-kàu, te̍k-pia̍t sī Ki-tok-kàu, kóng-tio̍h kōng ê sî sī ū 1-chióng kā khòaⁿ-bô-tiám ê ì-sù tī leh--ê, mā sù-siông sī ēng lâi kóng hui-Ki-tok-tô· ê chong-kàu gî-sek.\n\nTī sîn-pì-chú-gī-chiá ê khòaⁿ-hoat lāi-té, \"kōng\" ( khiò ) tō bô téng-kôan chit-khóan kè-ta̍t phòaⁿ-tōan, in kā \"kōng\" koh hun-chò pe̍h-khiò kap o·-khiò, pe̍h-khiò sī tùi lâng ū lī-e̍k--ê, o·-khiò chiah sī ēng lâi kā lâng hāi--ê.\n\n\"Kōng\" mā kóng-chò **kōng-thâu**, nā ēng kōng ê gî-sek kap tōng-chok, hō-chò pàng-kōng, chò-kōng, ēng kōng kā lâng chiù hō-chò liām-kōng.","meta":{"title":"Kōng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1137,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1313}} -{"text":"Pak Sòng ê léng-thó͘\n**Pak Sòng** sī Tiong-kok Sòng-tiâu sî-tāi ê chi̍t ê sî-kî, tùi 960 nî kàu 1127 nî. Khai-kok hông-tè sī Sòng Thài-chó͘ Tiō Khong-īn, kiàn-to͘ Piān-kiaⁿ (汴京, taⁿ Hô-lâm-séng Khai-hong-chhī).\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Siân-ian chi Bêng\n\nSòng Chin-chong Kéng-tek goân nî 12 goe̍h (1005 nî), Tâi-sòng kap Tāi-liâu tī Siân-chiu (澶州) kau-chiàn, lo̍h-bóe kóng-hô, chhiam-tēng bêng-iok, sú chheng Siân-ian chi Bêng (澶淵之盟).\n\n### Khèng-le̍k Sin-chèng\n\n### Hi-lêng Piàn-hoat\n\n: Hi-lêng Piàn-hoat kap Sin-kū Tóng-chengSòng Sîn-chong ūi-tio̍h beh siau-tû Pak-sòng kiàn-kok í-lâi ê chek-pè, jīm-iōng kái-kek-phài tāi-sîn Ông An-se̍k chìn-hêng kái-kek, sú chheng Hi-lêng Piàn-hoat (熙寧變法). Piàn-hoat ê kiat-kó chō-sêng kái-kek-phài (Sin-tóng) kap pó-siú-phài (Kū-tóng) chi-kan ê chèng-tī tàu-cheng, sú chheng Sin-kū Tóng-cheng (新舊黨爭).\n\n### Chēng-khong chi Piàn\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Chēng-khong chi Piàn\nChēng-khong goân-nî kū-le̍k 8 goe̍h (1126 nî), Tāi-kim lâm-hā kong-hām Piān-kiaⁿ, hu-ló͘ Sòng Hui-chong kap Sòng Khim-chong téng-téng hông-sek sêng-goân, Pak-sòng bia̍t-bông. Kāng-nî Sòng Khim-chong ê sió-tī Tiō Kò͘ tī Lâm-kiaⁿ Èng-thian-hú (南京應天府, taⁿ Hô-lâm-séng Siong-khiu-chhī) chheng-tè, kái-goân \"Kiàn-iām\", kiàn-li̍p Lâm-sòng.","meta":{"title":"Pak Sòng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1207,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1404}} -{"text":"Lietuva ê chū-tī-thé\nLietuva choân-kok pun chò saⁿ chân hêng-chèng-khu. Tē-it chân sī 10 ê kūn (Lietuva-gí: *apskritis*). Chia-ê kūn ē-té koh pun chò tē-jī chân ê **60 ê chū-tī-thé** (*savivaldybė*), ah chia-ê chū-tī-thé iū-koh chài pun chò tē-saⁿ chân ê tiúⁿ-ló-khu (*seniūnija*), chóng-kiōng ū chhiau-kòe 500 ê í-siōng.\n\nHiān-tāi Lietuva ū 9 ê **chhī chū-tī-thé** (*miesto savivaldybė*), 43 ê **koān chū-tī-thé** (*rajono savivaldybė*), kap 8 ê chū-tī-thé (*savivaldybė*).\n\nChham-oa̍t\n----------\n\n* Lietuva ê hêng-chèng-khu\n\t+ Lietuva ê kūn\n\t+ Lietuva ê tiúⁿ-ló-khu\n\t+ *Seniūnaitija*\n\t+ Lietuva ê chng-thâu\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Local Economic and Employment Development (Program); Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (April 2007). *Baltic partnerships: integration, growth and local governance in the Baltic Sea Region*. OECD Publishing. p. 75. ISBN 978-92-64-02928-6. 23 February 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Lietuva ê chū-tī-thé","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[349,814,0.42874692874692877],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1003}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Bō-á-tún |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Bō-á-tún |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Malvales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Malvaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Abutilon* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***A. indicum*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Abutilon indicum***(L.) Sweet |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Bō-á-tún** (Hàn-jī: 磨仔礅; Hôa-gí: 冬葵子; ha̍k-miâ: *Abutilon indicum var. indicum*) kui-sio̍k-î kím-khoê-kho (錦葵科), iū-koh kiò-chò **pho̍k-á-chháu**, **bí-nâ-chháu**, **sù-bí-chháu**, he̍k-chiá-sī **bō-á-chháu-tún**, sī chi̍t-nî-seng he̍k to-nî-seng kē-é he̍k ti̍t-li̍p-hêng ê koàn-bo̍k. I kah-ì seⁿ tī kui-kang ū ji̍t-thâu pha̍k ê só·-chāi.\n\nTī Tâi-oân i hun-pò· tī pêⁿ-tē kàu kē hái-poa̍t ê soaⁿ-khu, seⁿ tiàm ta-sò ê lō·-piⁿ, pha-hng-tē. Khui-hoe-kî 4--goe̍h kàu 12--goe̍h, chhiu-thiⁿ khui siāng-chē.\n\nHêng-thāi\n---------\n\nKui-châng phi iù-mô·. Hio̍h-á sī sim-hêng, he̍k îⁿ-hêng, kì-á khí ê piⁿ.\n\nHoe n̂g-sek, ti̍t-kèng siāng-tōa kàu 20 mm, hoe-pān 5 hio̍h; hoe tan-seng tī hio̍h-á-pìⁿ ê kòe-hī-khang.\n\nKóe-chí sī sok-kó, chē-chē pān chi̍p-ha̍p chiâⁿ-chò bō-á-tún ê hêng, téng-koân ū chiam-chiam ê tu̍t-khí; siù-chûn go̍k-phìⁿ (宿存萼片) pí kóe-chí khah-té.\n\nBō-á-tún ê hoe\n\nWikispecies\nWikispecies ū koan-hē \n***Bō-á-tún*** ê chu-liāu.","meta":{"title":"Bō-á-tún","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[187,1115,0.16771300448430493],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1511}} -{"text":"Pythagorean tēng-lí.\n**Pythagoras tēng-lí** (Eng-bûn: Pythagorean theorem) sī Euclidean kí-hô-ha̍k ê chi̍t-ê chin tiōng-iàu ê tēng-lí. Tiong-bûn hō-chòe **Ko͘-kó͘ tēng-lí** (勾股定理)\n\nPythagorean tēng-lí soeh-bêng: Tī chi̍t-ê pîⁿ-bīn koâiⁿ-téng, ti̍t-kak saⁿ-kak-hêng ê 2-tiâu lîn-pian ê chū-sēng-ha̍p kah siâ-pian ka-kí-ê chū-sēng sī kâng-khoán-ê. Nā-sī tian-tò-thâu kóng, ū chi̍t-ê saⁿ-kak-hêng ê 2-tiâu pian ê chū-sēng-ha̍p kah tē-3-tiâu ê chū-sēng sio-kâng, chit-ê saⁿ-kak chiū-sī ti̍t-kak saⁿ-kak-hêng. \n\nĒ-tàng siá chò:\n\n{\\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}} \n\nTéng-bīn *c* tāi-piáu siâ-pian tn̂g-tō͘, *a* kap *b* sī lîn-pian.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nLe̍k-sú siōng si̍t-chè thâu kái pún tēng-lí ê hoat-hiān kap chèng-bêng sî-kan sī bô chheng-chhó--ê. Le̍k-sú-ka Jöran Friberg sī jīn-ûi ū chèng-kù chí chhut Chêng 20 kàu Chêng 16 sè-kí, ia̍h tio̍h sī Pythagoras ê chheng-gōa tang chêng, Tē-it Pa-pí-lûn Ông-tiâu sî-kî tio̍h í-keng ū-lâng bat--ah.\n\nÙi Ìn-tō͘ kap Tiong-kok ia̍h ū tùi chi̍t khoán sò͘-ha̍k koan-hē ê kì-lio̍k kap te̍k-sû chêng-hêng ê chèng-bêng.\n\nTāi-khài tī Chêng 300 nî ê sî, ùi Euclid ê Goân-lūn lāi-bīn, siāng kó͘ ê kong-lí-te̍k chèng-bêng (*axiomatic proof*) hông kì-lio̍k.","meta":{"title":"Pythagoras tēng-lí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1165,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1354}} -{"text":"Sè-kài Gîn-hâng Chi̍p-thoân ê piau-chì\n**Sè-kài Gîn-hâng Chi̍p-thoân** (Eng-gí: *World Bank Group*), sok-siá **WBG**, sī chi̍t ê pau-hâm ū 5 ê kok-chè cho͘-chit ê chi̍p-thoân, i-ê chóng-pō͘ tī Bí-kok Hôa-sēng-tùn Te̍k-khu. WBG tī Jī-chiàn bóe-kî (1944 nî) sêng-li̍p, i siāng chi̍t khai-sí ê sú-bēng sī pang-chō͘ tī sè-kài tāi-chiàn tiong pī phò-hoāi ê kok-ka ê tiông-kiàn. Chit-má ê jīm-bū sī \"chiong-kiat ke̍k-tō͘ pîn-khùn, chhiok-chìn kiōng-hióng hoân-êng\". WBG thàu-kòe hiòng khai-hoat-tiong kok-kathê-kiong kē-sek tāi-khoán, bû-sek tāi-khoán kap cheng-khoán lâi chu-chō͘ chia-ê kok-ka khek-ho̍k pîn-khùn, kok ki-kò͘ tī kiám-khin pîn-khùn kap thê-ko seng-oa̍h chúi-pêng ê sú-bēng hoat-hui to̍k-te̍k ê chok-iōng. Chia̍t-chí 2011 nî, WBG thê-kiong ê tāi-khoán lúi-chek chhiau-kòe 5000 ek Bí-kim.\n\nWBG iû 5 ê ki-kò͘ cho͘-sêng, hun-pia̍t sī: Kok-chè Ho̍k-heng Khai-hoat Gîn-hâng, Kok-chè Khai-hoat Hia̍p-hōe, Kok-chè Kim-iông Kong-si, To-piⁿ Tâu-chu Tam-pó Ki-kò͘ kap Kok-chè Tâu-chu Cheng-toan Kái-koat Tiong-sim. Kî-tiong, Kok-chè Ho̍k-heng Khai-hoat Gîn-hâng kap Kok-chè Khai-hoat Hia̍p-hōe tiāⁿ pī ha̍p-chheng chò \"Sè-kài Gîn-hâng\".\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 128873356\n* LCCN: n50067917\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2155 5062\n* GND: 5340594-8\n* SUDOC: 030422280\n* BNF: cb131632697 (data)\n* NLA: 35619845\n* NDL: 01192614\n* NKC: ko2015889339\n* BNE: XX123132\n* CiNii: DA07807944\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Sè-kài Gîn-hâng Chi̍p-thoân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[203,1313,0.1546077684691546],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1601}} -{"text":"**Cheng-îⁿ** (Hàn-jī: 晶圓; Eng-gí: *wafer*) sī seng-sán pòaⁿ-tō-thé chek-thé tiān-lō͘ só͘ ēng ê chài-thé, i-ê hêng-chōng sī îⁿ-hêng. It-poaⁿ cheng-îⁿ khah chē sī si-lí-khóng cheng-phìⁿ. Cheng-îⁿ sī siāng chia̍p iōng ê pòaⁿ-tō-thé châi-liāu, àn i-ê ti̍t-kèng pun chò 3 eng-chhùn, 4 eng-chhùn, 5 eng-chhùn, 6 eng-chhùn, 8 eng-chhùn téng kui-keh, kīn-lâi hoat-tián chhut 12 eng-chhùn, sīm-chì gián-hoat koh-khah tōa kui-keh (14 eng-chhùn, 15 eng-chhùn, 16 eng-chhùn, 20 eng-chhùn í-siōng téng). Cheng-îⁿ jú tōa, kāng chi̍t tè ē-tàng seng-sán ê chek-thé tiān-lō͘ tiō jú chē, thang kàng-kē sêng-pún; m̄-koh tùi châi-liāu ki-su̍t kap seng-sán ki-su̍t ê iau-kiû mā koh-khah koân, pí-lūn kóng kun-ûn-tō͘ téng-téng ê būn-tê. It-poaⁿ jīn-ûi si-lí-khóng cheng-îⁿ ê ti̍t-kèng jú tōa, tāi-piáu chit chō cheng-îⁿ-chhiúⁿ ū koh-khah hó ê ki-su̍t, tī seng-sán cheng-îⁿ ê kòe-têng tang-tiong, liông-lu̍t sī chin tiōng-iàu ê tiâu-kiāⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Cheng-îⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,920,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1059}} -{"text":"**Kńg-chi̍h-ōe** (Eng-gí: *glossolalia*), mā hō chò **hong-giân**, sī chi̍t kóa chong-kàu-sèng ê tiûⁿ-ha̍p chhut-hiān hông jīn-ûi sī ū sèng-lêng hong-bīn ì-gī, m̄-koh lâng bô-hoat-tō͘ ti̍t-chia̍p thiaⁿ-ū ê giân-gí. Tī gí-giân-ha̍k-siōng che sī chi̍t khoán bô ì-sù ê hoat-siaⁿ. Ki-tok-kàu lāi-bīn bô kâng kàu-hōe tùi \"kóng hong-giân\" ê tāi-chì ū bô kâng ê khoàⁿ-hoat.\n\nIōng-gí hoan-e̍k\n----------------\n\nTâi-gí *Âng-phôe Sèng-keng* ê hoan-e̍k sī \"kî-biāu ê giân-gí\"; *Choân-bîn Tâi-gí Sèng-keng* ū hoan-e̍k chò \"kńg-chi̍h-ōe\"; nā *Pa-khek-lé Sèng-keng* ū iōng \"im-gú\".\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ *Choân-bîn Tâi-gí Sèng-keng*\n2. ↑ Kai Jōe-liâm (1928 nî 6 goe̍h). \"Kóng Hong-giân\". *Kòa-chhài-chí*. **28**.\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n* Tân Su-chhong (1928 nî 1 goe̍h). \"Hong-giân ê Gián-kiù\". *Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe-pò*. **514**.\n* Tân Su-chhong (1928 nî 2 goe̍h). \"Hong-giân ê Gián-kiù\". *Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe-pò*. **515**.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Xenoglossia, put-bêng goân-in ē-hiáu kóng gōa-kok-ōe ê hiān-siōng.","meta":{"title":"Kńg-chi̍h-ōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[320,888,0.36036036036036034],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1117}} -{"text":"Lietuva ê kūn kap chū-tī-thé\nLietuva choân-kok pun chò 10 ê **kūn** (Lietuva-gí: *apskritis*). Chia-ê kūn chiah koh pun chò 60 ê chū-tī-thé (*savivaldybė*), kî-tiong ū 9 ê chhī chū-tī-thé (*miesto savivaldybė*), 43 ê koān chū-tī-thé (*rajono savivaldybė*) kap 8 ê chū-tī-thé (*savivaldybė*). Múi chi̍t ê chū-tī-thé iū-koh pun chò kúi-nā ê hiong (*seniūnija*). Án-ne ê hêng-chèng khu-oe̍h ùi 1994 nî khai-sí si̍t-si, tī 2000 nî ê sî-chūn ū koh chò sió-kóa siu-chèng.\n\nChham-oa̍t\n----------\n\n* Lietuva ê hêng-chèng-khu\n\t+ Lietuva ê chū-tī-thé\n\t+ Lietuva ê tiúⁿ-ló-khu\n\t+ *Seniūnaitija*\n\t+ Lietuva ê chng-thâu\n\nLietuva choân-kok chú-iàu pun chò saⁿ chân hêng-chèng-khu. Tē-it chân sī 10 ê kūn (Lietuva-gí: *apskritis*). Chia-ê kūn ē-té koh pun chò tē-jī chân ê 60 ê chū-tī-thé (*savivaldybė*), ah chia-ê chū-tī-thé iū-koh chài pun chò tē-saⁿ chân ê 546 ê tiúⁿ-ló-khu (*seniūnija*).\n\nChham-oa̍t\n----------\n\n* Lietuva ê kūn\n* Lietuva ê chū-tī-thé\n* Lietuva ê tiúⁿ-ló-khu\n* *Seniūnaitija*\n* Lietuva ê chng-thâu","meta":{"title":"Lietuva ê kūn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[190,907,0.20948180815876516],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1127}} -{"text":"\n**Chicago lu̍t-su kong-huē** (ing-gú: Chicago Bar Association, sok-siá: CBA) sîng-li̍p tī 1874-nî Bí-kok Chicago, sī tsi̍t-ê tsū-guān sìng lu̍t-su kong-huē, ióng-iú 20,000 guā miâ huē-guân. Kah kî-thann lu̍t-su kong-huē kāng-khuán, Chicago lu̍t-su kong-huē kuan-tsù ê sī tsit-gia̍p tō-tik, sîng-guân tsi-kan ê koo-thong hia̍p-tiāu, í-ki̍p huat-ha̍k tshî-sio̍k kàu-io̍k.Kong-huē sio-tú-thâu Chicago loop [en] khu ê John Marshall Law School [en] huat-ha̍k-īnn.\n\nTiōng-iàu sîng-guân\n-------------------\n\nTù-bîng sîng-guân [en] pau-kuat Illinois tsiu ê tāi-piáu 1922-46 nî hām 1948-50 nî) David Ivar Swanson [en] kah tù-bîng lu̍t-su Earl B. Dickerson [en], in teh tsuè-ko huat-īnn uî Hansberry sòo Lee àn [en] it-àn piān-hōo.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 About the CBA Archived September 15, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ Blakely, Robert (2006). *Earl B. Dickerson: A Voice for Freedom and Equality*. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. p. 144. ISBN 9780810123359.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Robert Hervey [en]\n* William C. Goudy [en]\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Chicago Bar Association Home Page (Eng-gí)\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 156533299\n* LCCN: n50048786\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 0462 9867\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Chicago lu̍t-su kong-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[544,1248,0.4358974358974359],"infobox":["
    Chicago lu̍t-su kong-huē
    Lūi-hêng\nTsū-guān-sìng Bí-kok lu̍t-su kong-hōe [en]
    Chóng-pō͘\nBí-kok Illinois tsiu Chicago
    Hōe-oânhip
    		\n20,000
    Bāng-chām\nChicago Bar Association Home Page
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1391}} -{"text":"Vela pulsar (PSR J0835-4510)\nPulsar leh tńg-se̍h ê tōng-ōe. Khiā tiong-ng ê kiú tāi-piáu tiong-chú-chheⁿ, khiok-sòaⁿ tāi-piáu chû-tiûⁿ-sòaⁿ, thó͘-·chhut-lâi ê îⁿ-chui tāi-piáu hoat-siā khu.\n**Pulsar** sī ē tńg-se̍h ê chû-hòa ba̍t-cha̍t-chheⁿ (it-poaⁿ sī tiong-chú-chheⁿ, m̄-koh mā ū pe̍h-é-chheⁿ), i ê chû-kek ē hoat-siā tiān-chû pulse ·chhut-lâi. Pulsar ê pulse lóng chiok ū kui-lu̍t, chiu-kî ê hoān-ûi sī tùi milli-bió kàu kúi-nā bió.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n1934 nî Walter Baade kap Fritz Zwicky ī-chhek tiong-chú-chheⁿ ê chûn-chāi. In kóng, chhiau-sin-chheⁿ lo̍h-bóe ē piàn-sêng chi̍t ê sé-sé, ba̍t-ba̍t, sêng-hūn iû tiong-chú ê hêng-chheⁿ.\n\n### Hoat-hiān\n\nJocelyn Bell, 1967 nî 6 goe̍h\n1967 nî 10 goe̍h, Cambridge Tāi-ha̍k Cavendish Si̍t-giām-sek Antony Hewish kàu-siū ê gián-kiù-seng Jocelyn Bell leh kiám-giām la-jí-oh bōng-oán-kiàⁿ siu-·tio̍h ê sìn-hō ê sî, bô-ì-tiong hoat-hiān chi̍t-kóa ū kui-lu̍t ê pulse sìn-hō, in ê chiu-kî chin kò͘-tēng, lóng sī 1.337 bió. Chi̍t-khai-sí i lia̍h-chún che sī Gōa-cheⁿ-jîn Little Green Man (LGM) thôaⁿ-·kòe-lâi ê sìn-hō. M̄-koh sòa-·lo̍h-lâi bô pòaⁿ-nî ê sî-kan lāi-té, i koh kè-sio̍k koat-hiân kúi-nā ê kāng-khoán hêng ê pulse sìn-hō. Āu-lâu lâng khak-tēng kóng che sī chi̍t khoán sin ê thian-thé, pēng-chhiáⁿ kā in hō-miâ kiò-chò \"pulsar\". Antony Hewish ūi-tio̍h hoat-hiān pulsar chŏaⁿ tit-tio̍h 1974 nî ê Nobel Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k Chióng, iá-m̄-koh Jocelyn Bell Burnell the̍h-bô-tio̍h, chiòng-lâng tùi chit chām tāi-chì ū phoe-phêng.\n\nŪ-miâ ê pulsar\n--------------\n\n300 pc chi-lāi ê pulsar| PSR | Kī-lî(pc) | Nî-hòe(Myr) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| J0030+0451 | 244 | 7,580 |\n| J0108−1431 | 238 | 166 |\n| J0437−4715 | 156 | 1,590 |\n| J0633+1746 | 156 | 0.342 |\n| J0659+1414 | 290 | 0.111 |\n| J0835−4510 | 290 | 0.0113 |\n| J0453+0755 | 260 | 17.5 |\n| J1045−4509 | 300 | 6,710 |\n| J1741−2054 | 250 | 0.387 |\n| J1856−3754 | 161 | 3.76 |\n| J2144−3933 | 165 | 272 |\n\nFermi Gamma-kng Thài-khong Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ thàm-chhek-tio̍h ê gamma-kng pulsar.\n* Tē 1 ê hŏng hoat-hiān ê pular：CP 1919 (PSR1919+21) khiā-tiám Hô͘-lî-chō, pulse chiu-kî 1.33730119227 bió, pulse khoah-tō͘ 0.04 bió。1967 nî hŏng hoat-hiān.\n* Tē 1 ê hŏng hoat-hiān ê ū phōaⁿ-chheⁿ ê pulsar: PSR B1913+16\n* Tē 1 ê hŏng hoat-hiān ê milli-bió pulsar: PSR B1937+21\n* Tē 1 ê hŏng hoat-hiān, ū he̍k-chheⁿ phōaⁿ ê pulsar: PSR B1257+12\n* Tē 1 ê hŏng hoat-hiān ê siang pulsar: PSR J0737-3039\n* Tē 1 ê hŏng hoat-hiān ê X-kng pulsar: Centaurus X-3\n* Siōng kng ê milli-bió pulsar (tī la-jí-o͘h pîn-lu̍t): Vela pulsar（PSR J0835-4510 ia̍h PSR B0833-45）\n* Siōng kng ê pulsar：PSR J0437−4715\n* Chiu-kî siōng té ê pulsar: PSR J1748−2446ad, chiu-kî tāi-iok sī ~1.4 milli-bió (múi chi̍t bió chū-choán 716 pái).\n* Chiu-kî siōng tn̂g ê pulsar: Giat-á-chō AR, chiu-kî 118.2 bió, i mā sī lán ûi-it chai-iáⁿ ê pe̍h-é-chheⁿ pulsar.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Baade, W.; Zwicky, F. (1934). \"Remarks on Super-Novae and Cosmic Rays\" (PDF). *Physical Review*. **46** (1): 76. Bibcode:1934PhRv...46...76B. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.46.76.2. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn (PDF) tī 2021-02-24. 2021-03-10 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. 1 2 Hewish, A. Bell, S. J. et al. \"Observation of a Rapidly Pulsating Radio Source\". *Nature*, Volume 217, 1968 (pp. 709–713).\n3. ↑ Proudfoot, Ben (July 27, 2021). \"She Changed Astronomy Forever. He Won the Nobel Prize For It - In 1967, Jocelyn Bell Burnell made an astounding discovery. But as a young woman in science, her role was overlooked\". *The New York Times*. July 27, 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Pulsar","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1539,3089,0.49821948850760767],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3790}} -{"text":"**Só͘-iú-khoân** (所有權) sī chí tī bîn-hoat siōng, khoân-lī-jîn tùi piau-tek-bu̍t ē-tàng ti̍t-chiap choân-bīn pâi-thaⁿ-sèng chi-phòe te̍k-tēng-bu̍t ê bu̍t-khoân. Só͘-ūi ê \"choân-bīn chi-phòe\", ì-sù sī chi-phòe hoān-ûi ê choân-bīn-sèng kap chi-phòe sî-kan ê bû-hān-sèng, hû-ha̍p chit-ê te̍k-teng ê bu̍t-khoân chí-ū só͘-iú-khoân. In-chhú, oân-choân bu̍t-khoân hām só͘-iú-khoân tī lōe-hâm siōng sī it-tì--ê. Oân-choân bu̍t-khoân kap hān-chè bu̍t-khoân sī sio tùi-li̍p ê kài-liām.\n\nTī it-poaⁿ ì-gī siōng, só͘-iú-khoân mā chí lâng tùi gōa-kài chū-jiân ê chi-phòe ia̍h chi-phòe hêng-thài. Āu-chiá sī hâm-gī siōng ê só͘-iú-khoân, ùi lâng chhut-hiān khai-sí tiō í-keng chûn-chāi, keng-kòe liáu tn̂g sî-kan ê le̍k-sú piàn-chhian. Ah hoat-lu̍t siōng ê só͘-iú-khoân sī tī it-tēng ê le̍k-sú kai-tōaⁿ í só͘-iú chò-ûi ki-chhó͘ ê ki-su̍t kài-liām. Iā chiū sī kóng, tī siong-phín kau-ōaⁿ chiàm chú-tō tē-ūi ê kīn-tāi siā-hōe, tī hō͘-siong kau-ōaⁿ siong-phín ê chú-thé chi-kan, pit-su hō͘-siong sêng-jīn tùi-hong tùi siong-phín chit khoán châi-hù ê kò͘-iú chi-phòe. Chit chióng siā-hōe su-iàu hoat-lu̍t hêng-thài, tiō sī só͘-iú-khoân. In-chhú, phó͘-thong ì-gī siōng ê só͘-iú-khoân sī pâi-thaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Só͘-iú-khoân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1217,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1384}} -{"text":"**Kong-si** (公司), **khì-gia̍p** (企業), iā **hōe-siā** (會社), sī chi̍t khóan êng-lī cho͘-chit, hoat-lu̍t-siōng ê tēng-gī tī kok-tē lóng bô sáⁿ sio-kâng, sêng-li̍p kong-si mā-ū it-tēng ê chhiú-sio̍k kap tiâu-kiāⁿ.\n\nHân-kok\n-------\n\nHân-kok-ōe kiò kong-si kiò \"hōe-siā\" (회사), chiàu Hân-kok hoat-lu̍t, in ê hōe-siā hūn: \n\n* Tu-sek hōe-siā (주식회사)\n* Ha̍p-miâ hōe-siā (합명회사)\n* Ha̍p-chu hōe-siā (합자회사)\n* Iú-hān hōe-siā (유한회사)\n\nJi̍t-pún\n--------\n\nHōe-siā (会社) sī Ji̍t-pún-ōe ê kong-si ì-sù, tī Ji̍t-pún hoat-lu̍t ê Hōe-siā-hoat (会社法) lāi-té, ū hun:\n\n* Tu-sek hōe-siā (株式会社)\n* Ha̍p-miâ hōe-siā (合名会社)\n* Ha̍p-chu hōe-siā (合資会社)\n* Ha̍p-tông hōe-siā (合同会社)\n\nTû-liáu chia 4-khoán, gōa-kok kong-sī, iā-sī kî-tha chi̍t kóa chióng-lūi ê hoat-jîn Ji̍t-pún-ōe mā sǹg sī hōe-siā.\n\nTâi-oân\n-------\n\n* Kó͘-hūn kong-si\n* Iú-hān kong-si\n* Kó͘-hūn iú-hān kong-si\n* Bû-hān kong-si\n\nSiong-koan hāng-bo̍k\n--------------------\n\n* Hâng-hō\n* Ka-cho̍k khì-gia̍p\n* Kong-si (î-bîn siā-lí)","meta":{"title":"Kong-si","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[339,902,0.37583148558758317],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1120}} -{"text":"**Kûn** (Eng-gí: group) tī sò͘-ha̍k tang-tiong sī chi̍t khoán tài-sò͘ kiat-kò͘ (algebraic structure), iā chiū sī chi̍t-ê kap sǹg-hoat (operation) kiat-ha̍p ê chi̍p-ha̍p (set). Chia ê sǹg-hoat ē koat-tēng jīn-hô chi̍p-ha̍p tiong ê seng-goân kap lēng-gōa chi̍t-ê goân-sò͘ (element) ē sán-seng án-choáⁿ khoán ê tē saⁿ ê goân-sò͘ (element). \n\nPí-lūn kóng, chi̍t-ê \"kòa ka-hoat (chi̍t khoán sǹg-hoat) ê chéng-sò͘ cho͘-sêng ê chip-ha̍p\", chiū sī chi̍t-ê kûn. Chit-ê kûn tiong jīn-hô nn̄g-ê goân-sò͘ (iā chiū sī jīn-hô chéng-sò͘) ê siū ka-hoat sǹg chhut lēng-gōa ê chéng-sò͘.\n\nTēng-gī\n-------\n\nChim-chiok lâi-kóng, chi̍t-ê kûn \"G\" nā sêng-li̍p, piáu-sī i sī m̄-sī khang-ê chip-ha̍p, i ū chi̍t thò sǹg-hoat \"•\", chia ê chip-ha̍p kap sǹg-hoat ài móa-chio̍k sì-ê tiâu-kiāⁿ: \n\n* Ha̍h hong-pì-sèng (closure): Só͘-ū \"G\" lāi-té chhìn-chhái kéng ê \"a\" kap \"b\" in keng-kòe \"a • b\" sǹg--chhut-lâi ê kiat-kó mā tī \"G\" lāi.\n* Ha̍h kiat-ha̍p-sèng (associativity): Só͘-ū \"G\" lāi-té chhìn-chhái kéng ê \"a\", \"b\" kap \"c\", ū \"(a • b) • c = a • (b • c)\" koan-hē.\n* Ū tan-ūi-goân (identity element): \"G\" lāi-té ū chi̍t-ê goân-sò͘ \"e\", kap só͘-ū ê \"a\" ū \"e • a = a • e = a\" koan-hē.\n* Ū ge̍k-goân (inverse element): \"G\" lāi-té bí-chi̍t-ê \"a\", tùi-taⁿ chi̍t-ê tī\"G\" lāi-té ê \"b\", in ū \"a • b = b • a = e\" koan-hē, chia-ê \"e\" sī téng-chi̍t-hāng kóng ê tan-ūi-goân.","meta":{"title":"Kûn (sò͘-ha̍k)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[532,1282,0.41497659906396256],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1529}} -{"text":"Terry Fox\n**Terry Fox** (choân-miâ **Terrance Stanley Fox**, 1958-nî 7-goe̍h 28 - 1981-nî 6-goe̍h 28) sī Canada gâm-chèng tī-liâu ê ūn-tōng-chiá.\n\nTerry Fox chhut-sì tī Manitoba ê Winnipeg, tiàm englishu-u téng-thâu chia̍t-tn̄g. \n\nPún-té Fox tio̍h chin hèng ūn-tōng. Chhiú-su̍t liáu-āu, I koat-tēng beh ùi Canada tang-pêng cháu kàu sai-pêng, hi-bāng ē-tàng ín-khí lâng tùi gâm-chèng ê chù-ì, hō· in kià-hù chîⁿ lâi pang-chān táⁿ-tia̍p gâm-chèng ê gián-kiù.\n\nFox ê Hi-bāng Marathon (*Marathon of Hope*) tī 1980-nî 4-goe̍h 12-hō khí-khiàn. I tī Newfoundland ê St. John's, kā i chiàⁿ-kha ê gī-ki chìm tī Tāi-se-iûⁿ ê chúi lāi-té, àn-sǹg beh cháu kàu British Columbia ê Vancouver, kā kha koh chìm tī Thài-pêng-iûⁿ lâi soah-kó·. \n\nI bóe-á pēng bô-hoat-tō· oân-sêng i ê Hi-bāng Marathon. Tī 1980-nî, 9-goe̍h chhe-1, i cháu kàu Ontario Thunder Bay ê sî-chūn, kám-kak heng-khám put-chí-á thiàⁿ. I-seng kiám-cha liáu, hoat-kiàn gâm-chèng í-keng thoàⁿ kàu i ê hì-pō· ah. Fox ke̍k-put-ke̍k chí-hó thêng--lo̍h-lâi, ji̍p-khì pēⁿ-īⁿ táⁿ-tia̍p. I tī keh-tńg-tang 6-goe̍h 28-hō, 23-hòe seⁿ-ji̍t chêng chi̍t-kò-goe̍h ê sî kòe-sin--khì. \n\nFox tī 143 kang lāi-té cháu kòe Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Edward Ông-chú Tó, New Brunswick, Québec kap Ontario, lóng-chóng 5373 kong-lí hn̄g, chhé-ûn chi̍t-kang cháu kap marathon chi̍t-pái chha-put-to pêⁿ hn̄g.\n\nŪi-tio̍h beh kā Hi-bāng Marathon chiap-soà--lo̍h-khì, āu--lâi Canada kok-tē ta̍k-tang 9-goe̍h lóng ē kí-pān Terry Fox Run oa̍h-tāng lâi tiû-chi̍p tùi gâm-chèng gián-kiù ê kià-hù. Sè-kài kî-thaⁿ chin chē kok-ka oân-ná ē tī bô-kâng sî-kan kí-pān chit-ê oa̍h-tāng.","meta":{"title":"Terry Fox","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1546,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1801}} -{"text":"Guân-khik piah-uē.\n**Guân-khik**(元曲) sī Tiong-kok Guân sî-tāi ê hì-khik kah tsa̍p-kio̍k ê tsóng-tshing. Siong-tuì Lâm-khik, Guân-khik mā kiò-tsò **Pak-khik**(北曲). Guân-khik kah Tông-si iáu-koh ū Sòng-sû sann tsióng bûn-thé ū kāng-khuán ê bûn-ha̍k tē-uī. In-uī Guân-khik ê bûn-jī lóng khah tshoo-sio̍k, sóo-í mā ū **Ok-siàu**(惡少) ê kiò-huat. Lâm Sòng buán-kî, siā-huē hui-siông bô an-ún, íng-hióng tio̍h Guân-khik ê tshòng-tsok. Guân-khik tsok-ka khai-sí iōng \"tsîng-su\" lâi biô-siá sè-kan; āu--lâi ê *Sù-tāi pi-kio̍k*(四大悲劇) tsiū-án-ne tshòng-tsok tshut-lâi, hun-pia̍t sī:\n\n* *Kám-thian-tōng-tē Tōo-ngôo uan* (感天動地竇娥冤)\n* *Phò-iu-bōng koo-gān Hàn-kiong tshiu* (破幽夢孤雁漢宮秋)\n* *Tông-bîn-hông tshiu-iā ngôo-tông ú* (唐明皇秋夜梧桐雨)\n* *Tiō--sī koo-jî* (趙氏孤兒).\n\nGuân-khik tsok-ka tang-tiong, ū 4 uī tsin tshut-sik, in-tshú in tō ha̍p-tshing tsò *Guân-khik sù-tāi ka*(元曲四大家), hun-pia̍t sī Kuan Hàn-khing(關漢卿), Pe̍h Jîn-hú(白仁甫), Má Tì-uán(馬致遠), kah Tēnn Kong-tsóo(鄭光祖). Līng-guā iáu-koh ū Ông Si̍t-hú(王實甫), Kiâu Kiat(喬吉), Tiunn Khó-kiú(張可久), Kí Kun-siông(紀君祥), Tiunn Ióng-hō(張養浩), kah Ko Bûn-siù(高文秀), mā lóng sī tsin tshut-miâ ê Guân-khik tsok-ka.","meta":{"title":"Goân-khik","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[179,1133,0.15798764342453664],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1309}} -{"text":"\n\n***Goân-chú Sió-kim-kong*** (hàn-jī: 原子小金剛, Eng-gí: *Astro Boy*) sī 1 chhut Ji̍t-pún kho-hoān báng-gah (khà-thong). 1963 nî kàu 1966 nî tī Ji̍t-pún ê Huzi Tiān-sī-tâi hòng-sàng, tōa-tōa siū lâng hoan-gêng. I ê Ji̍t-gí goân-miâ sī *Tetuwan Atomu* (鉄腕アトム), ì-sù sī \"Thih-oán Goân-chú\".\n\nIt-poaⁿ jīn-ûi *Goân-chú Sió-kim-kong* sī tē-1-chhut báng-gah iáⁿ-chi̍p. I ê goân-thâu sī Tezuka Osamu (手塚治虫) chit-ūi \"báng-gah tāi-su\" tī 1952 nî khan tī *Siàu-liân* cha̍p-chì ê báng-gah hē-lia̍t. Gōa-siau ê iáⁿ-chi̍p tī Ji̍t-pún kok-gōa tit lâng hoan-gêng. Tī 1980 nî kap 2003 nî liân-sòa 2 pái koh-chài chè-chō sin pán.\n\n*Goân-chú Sió-kim-kong* biô-siá 1 ê ū ke-khì-lâng ê bī-lâi sè-kài. Chú-kak Goân-chú (*Atomu*) sī 1 ê cha-po· gín-á khoán ê ke-khì-lâng. I ê chè-chō-jîn pún-té ǹg-bāng i lâi chhú-tāi i kòe-sin ê hāu-seⁿ. M̄-koh in-ūi i bē-tōa, i ê \"a-pa\" kā i pàng-sak. Kò·-sū thàm-thó chéng-cho̍k-chú-gī, phian-kiàn, sit-lo̍h téng-téng ê chú-tê.\n\nGoân-chú tī kò·-sū sè-kài ê 2003 nî 4-goe̍h 7 \"chhut-sì\"--ê. Ji̍t-pún ê Niiza-chhī kéng chit ji̍t sù hō· chit-ê kak-sek te̍k-sû ê \"kong-bîn sin-hūn\". Tī kò·-sū lāi, Goân-chú piàⁿ-sì cheng-chhú beh chiâⁿ-chò jîn-lūi siā-hōe ê 1 hūn-chú, pau-koat the̍h-tio̍h kong-bîn-koân, put-jî-kò siū tio̍h chin chē chó·-gāi.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong chām","meta":{"title":"Goân-chú Sió-kim-kong","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[15,1269,0.01182033096926714],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1505}} -{"text":"Hok-ní-mô͘-sa Ko-sok-kong-lō͘ lō͘-soàⁿ\n**Hok-ní-mô͘-sa Ko-sok-kong-lō͘** (福爾摩沙高速公路, kán. **Hok-ko**) sī Tâi-oân ê tē-jī tiâu lâm-pak-hiòng ko-sok-kong-lō͘, iā hō-hò **Kok-tō Sam-hō** (國道三號), **Tē-jī Ko-sok-kong-lō͘** (第二高速公路, kán. **Jī-ko**). Nā àn-chiàu heng-kiàn kun-toāⁿ kap tē-lí ūi-tì, koh ē-ēng hun-chò **Pak-jī-ko** (北二高), **Tiong-jī-ko** (中二高) kap **Lâm-jī-ko** (南二高) saⁿ-toā khu-toāⁿ. Jī-ko choân-tn̂g 431.5 kong-lí, sī choân Tâi-oân siōng-tn̂g ê ko-sok-kong-lō͘. Tong-chho͘ heng-kiàn Jī-ko ê chú-iàu kong-lêng sī beh so͘-sàn Tiong-san Ko-sok-kong-lō͘ chhu-kīn páu-hô ê kau-thong liû-liōng. Jī-ko tông-sî mā ū pêng-hêng siâⁿ-hiong hoat-tián ê jīm-bū, só͘-í hām It-ko sio-pí, Jī-ko ê lō͘-soàⁿ chú-iàu chhǹg-kòe Tâi-oân sai-pō͘ ê tiong-sió-hêng siâⁿ-tìn kap hiong-chhun só͘-chāi, chhiok-chìn iân-soàⁿ tē-khu ê keng-chè hoat-tián. Jī-ko chū 1987 nî ùi Pak-jī-ko khai-sí tāng-kang, 1993 nî khai-sí hun-toāⁿ thong-chhia, chì 2004 nî 1 goe̍h 11 ji̍t choân-soàⁿ oân-kang.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân ê kok-tō |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Kàn-sòaⁿ | \n* 1\n* 3\n* 5\n* 6\n\n | |\n| |\n| Chi-sòaⁿ kap khoân-sòaⁿ | \n* 2\n* 3-kah\n* 4\n* 8\n* 10\n\n |\n| |\n| Kè-ōe tiong ê lō͘-sòaⁿ | \n* 7\n* 1-kah\n* 2-kah\n\n |\n| |\n| Kàn-sòaⁿ thok-khoan-sòaⁿ | \n* Se̍k-ngó͘ Ko-kè\n* Ngó͘-iûⁿ Ko-kè\n\n |\n| |\n| Chhia-lō͘ siat-si | \n* Kau-liû-tō\n\t+ Kok-1\n\t+ Kok-3\n\t+ Kok-5\n* Tiān-chú siu-hùi hē-thóng\n* ~~Siu-hùi-chām~~\n* Ho̍k-bū-khu\n\n |\n| |\n| Gia̍p-bū ki-koan | \n* Kau-thong-pō͘\n* Kok-tō Ko-sok-kong-lō͘-kio̍k\n* Kok-tō Sin-kiàn-kang-têng-kio̍k\n* Kok-tō Kong-lō͘ Kéng-chhat-kio̍k\n\n |\n| |\n| Tâi-oân ê kong-lō͘ hun-kip: Kok-tō | Séng-tō | Koān-tō (Chhī-tō) | Hiong-tō (Khu-tō) | Choan-iōng kong-lō͘ |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Hok-ní-mô͘-sa Ko-sok-kong-lō͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[516,1492,0.34584450402144773],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2107}} -{"text":"\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nPhó͘-Hoat Chiàn-cheng |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n* Wissembourg\n* Spicheren\n* Wörth\n* Colombey\n* Strasbourg\n* Toul\n* Mars-la-Tour\n* Gravelotte\n* Metz\n* Beaumont\n* Noisseville\n* Bazeilles\n* Sedan\n* Bellevue\n* Coulmiers\n* Havana\n* Amiens\n* Beaune-la-Rolande\n* Villepion\n* Loigny et Poupry\n* Orléans\n* Beaugency\n* Hallue\n* Bapaume\n* Villersexel\n* Le Mans\n* Lisaine\n* St. Quentin\n* Buzenval\n* Paris\n* Belfort\n\n---\n\n* Belgian reaction\n* Paris Commune\n\n |\n\n |\n\n**Wissembourg Chiàn-tò͘** hoat-seng tī 1870 nî 8 goe̍h 4 ji̍t, tong-sî Phó͘-kok chhin-ông Friedrich Wilhelm hoat-peng hiòng Saarbrucken tang-pêng chhiam-lio̍k, kong-kek Wissembourg kap hū-kīn Hoat-kok chiong-kun Abel Douay niá Marie MacMahon ê peng-tūi só͘ hông-siú ê iāu-sài Geisberg. Té-bé Hoat-kok chiàn-pāi, Douay chiàn-sí, MacMahon thè-peng tńg Wörth.\n\nHoat-kok tī chit chhù chiàn-tō͘ lāi-bīn phài liáu chi̍t kóa Algeria lâng cho͘-sêng ê pō͘-tūi.\n\nChún-pī\n-------\n\nMacMahon phài i-ê Tē-jī Su-thoân, pún thoân hâm 8,600 peng-sū, chí-hui-koaⁿ sī Abel Douay chiong-kun. Sui-bóng Wissembourg goân-lâi khí-siat bē-chió kun-sū siat-si, m̄-koh tī chêng kúi nî chhèng-phàu kap ī-soàn lóng sóa kòe pa̍t-ūi khì. Chóng-sī pún chng oá-ná sī Bayern, Strasbourg kap Alsace pak-pō͘ sio-thàng ê tiōng-iàu thong-tō.\n\nKòe-têng\n--------\n\nKàu 8 goe̍h 3 ji̍t ê sî, Douay chiap tio̍h tē-hng-koaⁿ Monsieur Hepp ê chêng-pò, kóng Bayern ê kun-tūi í-keng chiàm liáu Lauter Khe tang-pêng ê iâⁿ-lúi, tng leh óa-kīn Wissembourg. Kàu 4 ji̍t chái-khí, Douay chiah phài chhut pō͘-peng hâⁿ kòe Lauter Khe thàm lō͘, kiat-kó tī khe-piⁿ hō͘ Phó͘-kok ê khî-peng phah-thè. Kâng-ji̍t kòe 8:00 ê sî-chūn, Douay hiòng Strasbourg ê MacMahon phah tiān-pò pò-kò thàm-chhâ kiat-kó; àn-chiàu kun-chêng, MacMahon koat-tēng keh-kang chiah chiong i ê chóng-pō͘ sóa kòe Wissembourg. M̄-koh bô loah kú, Phó͘-kok í-keng teh hiòng Wissembourg pàng chhèng, Friedrich von Bothmer ê Bayern Tē-4 Su-thoân í-keng leh kòe Lauter Khe.\n\nTī Wissembourg kap Altenstadt, Douay chún-pī liáu 2-ê tōa-tūi, 6 ki chhèng-phàu, kap kúi sian *mitrailleuse* (chi̍t kái hoat chē lia̍p chhèng-chí ê bú-khì). Lēng-gōa koh an-pâi pō͘-peng, kî-peng, 12 sian tōa-phàu tī siaⁿ gōa ê soaⁿ-phiâⁿ. Tong Bayern kun kòe khe ê sî-chūn, to̍h gū tio̍h Douay chún-pī ê chhèng-hóe chin ū hāu-lu̍t ê liân-sòa kong-kek. Hit-chūn Bayern ê jîn-bé sī thâu chi̍t kái tú tio̍h *mitrailleuse* chit khoán bú-khì, chit khoán goân-sú ê ki-koan-chhèng, i iáu bô hoat-tō͘ ka-ta hiòng chiàn-tiûⁿ loān-siā, tián-tó sī ài chiam-tùi chi̍t-ê bo̍k-phiau lâi kong-kek, cho-sêng tùi-hong kui-sin-ku ê siong-hāi.\n\nKàu Bayern kun thâu chi̍t kái beh kòe Lauter Khe jî-chhiá kong ji̍p Wissembourg ê sî, koh siū tio̍h Te-1 Algeria Tirailleur Liân-tūi ê *Turcos* chó͘-tòng, chia-ê peng-á gia̍h *Chassepot* chhèng, tiām kau-á lāi, siâⁿ-chhiûⁿ téng, he̍k-chiá sī lī-ēng thih-lō͘ thô͘-tun chò hông-pī. Hia Bayern peng mā chin ū khó-lêng sī thâu chi̍t kái khòaⁿ tio̍h Hui-chiu peng-á. In-ūi su-iàu phak-tē, Phó͘-kok kun-tūi só͘ tek-lī ê \"khoài-chhèng\" (*Schnellfeuer*) chiàn-su̍t mā bô thang hó sú-iōng. Chóng-sī Phó͘-kok kap Bayern ê tōa-phàu oa-ná hō͘ Phó͘-kun ū ke-kiám chìn-ek. Tek-kok-lâng ê tōa-phàu kòe Lauter Khe ka-ji̍p pō͘-peng ê hêng-tōng, siau-bia̍t chi̍t liáu kóa Wissembourg ê *mitrailleuse*, jî-chhiá kā Hoat-kok peng-á phah lo̍h siâⁿ-chhiûⁿ. Tong-sî Hoat-kok ê tōa-phàu kong-kek sit-chhò, bô hoat-to iú-hāu sún-hāi Phó͘-kun. \n\nFriedrich Wilhelm niá hā ê Phó͘-kun bô hiòng Hoat-kun ê thâu-chêng-bīn chhiong-tu̍t, tian-tó sī hiòng Hoat-kun ê chiàⁿ-pêng, tò-pêng kap āu-piah-pêng lâi kong-kek. Chit khoán chêng-hêng hō͘ Abel Douay sit khì sin-ku-piⁿ ê pó-hō͘. Tī chái-khí ê 11 tiám, i sûn mitrailleuse phàu-peng ê sî soah hō͘ po̍k-cha hāi--sí. Chit chūn Phó͘-kun ê pau-ûi í-keng chha-put-to goân-sêng. Phó͘-kok Tē-9 Su-thoân chhōa-thâu ê Tē-5 Kun-thoân ka-ji̍p chiàn-tò͘, chiàm-niá Altenstadt, tī Wissembourg ê thih-lō͘ thô͘-tun kap Algeria-lâng kau-chiàn. Bayern hong-bīn chhiau-kòe 6 tīn tōa-tūi ka-ji̍p liáu-āu, Wissembourg í-keng kui-ê hō͘ Phó͘-hong ûi--khí-lâi.\n\nTong Hoat-kok kun-tūi koh leh sio-chiàn ê sî-chūn, Wissembourg ê chhī-bîn chhut-bīn iau-kiû Hoat-kun ê Tē-74 Liân-tūi khui mn̂g hō͘ Tek-kok ê kun-tūi ji̍p siâⁿ. Chiàu hit-tang-chūn siú-siâⁿ chí-hui-koaⁿ ê hôe-sióng, chia-ê jîn-bîn ū-ê jīn-ûi Hoat-kun ê hông-siú \"bô-hāu\", iā ū lâng koài Hoat-kun chè-chō sún-hāi. Té-bé chhī-bîn to̍h kòe siâⁿ-mn̂g iâⁿ ji̍p Bayern ê kun-tūi. Liáu-āu Phó͘-kun kap Hoat-kun kè-sio̍k ùi Geisberg pia̍t-chong kau-chiàn..\n\nChiàn-sū tī Geisberg chhiân be̍h chi̍t tiám-cheng, Phó͘-kun put-toàn kong-ji̍p siâⁿ-pó lāi, Tē-7 Liân-tūi sún-sit liáu 23-ê kun-koaⁿ kap 329-ê peng-á. Ùi Geisberg ē-khah, Wissembourg hong-bīn ê Phó͘-kun kap Bayern kun mā ka-ji̍p kong-kek, sak kòe Hoat-kok ê Tē-74 Liân-tūi. Āu-bóe Phó͘-kok Tē-9 Su-thoân chiong phàu-peng-tūi chhāi chiūⁿ Geisberg 800 pō͘ hn̄g ê koân-tē, hō͘ siâⁿ-pó bô hoat-tō͘ hông-gū, tè-bé Geisberg ê Hoat-kun tâu-hâng.\n\nChia tâu-hâng ê Hoat-kok peng-á ū nn̄g-pah-ê, kî-tha tô-siám hiòng sai-pêng.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n### Su-chì\n\n* Jaques, Tony (2007). \"Wissembourg\". *Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century*. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0313335365.\n* Wawro, Geoffrey (2003). \"Wissembourg and Spicheren\". *The Franco-Prussian War: The German Conquest of France in 1870–1871*. Cambridge University Press. pp. 95–107. ISBN 978-0-511-33728-4.\n\n### Chù-kha\n\n1. ↑ Wawro 2003, p. 97\n2. ↑ Wawro 2003, pp. 98–99\n3. ↑ Tong-sî tùi Algerian lâi-goân pêng-á ê chi̍t khoán chheng-ho͘, Hoat-gí pún-ì sī \"Thó͘-ní-kî-lâng\".\n4. ↑ Wawro 2003, p. 100–101\n5. ↑ Wawro 2003, p. 101\n6. ↑ Wawro 2003, pp. 101–102\n7. ↑ Wawro 2003, pp. 102–103","meta":{"title":"Wissembourg Chiàn-tò͘ (1870 nî)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1391,5805,0.23962101636520242],"infobox":["
    Wissembourg Chiàn-tò͘
    Phó͘ Hoat Chiàn-cheng ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn
    \"Wissembourg
    Wissembourg Chiàn-tò͘ tē-tô͘
    Sî-kan1870 nî 8 goe̍h 4 ji̍t
    Tē-tiám
    Hoat-kok Wissembourg

    49°01′N 7°57′E / 49.017°N 7.950°E / 49.017; 7.950
    Kiat-kó\nTek-kok sèng-lī
    Kau-chiàn-hong
    \n\"\" Prussia
    Baden
    \"\" Bayern
    \"Kingdom Württemberg    		\n\"Hoat-kok\" Hoat-kok
    Chí-hui-koaⁿ kap léng-tō-chiá
    \n\"Phó͘-ló͘-su Friedrich Wilhelm
    \"Phó͘-ló͘-su Hugo von Kirchbach
    \"Bayern Jakob von Hartmann    		\n\"Hoat-kok\" Abel Douay †
    \"Hoat-kok\" Jean Pellé
    Peng-le̍k
    \n60,000
    144 tâi tōa-phàu    		\n8,000
    12 tâi tōa-phàu
    Sí-siong
    \n~3,563 lâng sí-bông\n~1,300 lâng sí-bông ia̍h siū-siong
    ~900 lâng chò hu-ló͘
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6345}} -{"text":"Thiàu-bú\n**Bú-tō**, phó͘-thong kóng **thiàu-bú**, sī chí ēng lâi piáu-ta̍t su-sióng kap kám-chêng, siā-hoē lâi-óng ê 1 khoán hoa̍t-tōng, lâng mā ū khó-lêng tan-sûn ūi-tio̍h cheng-sîn-tek, chong-kàu-tek, he̍k-chiá-sī gē-su̍t-tek bo̍k-tek lâi thiàu-bú.\n\nBeh tēng-gī siáⁿ-mi̍h sī bú-tō, khan-sia̍p-tio̍h bô-kâng cho̍k-kûn, só͘-chāi iah kok-ka téng-téng, tī siā-hoē, bûn-hoà, bí-ha̍k, gē-su̍t, tō-tek chè-hān téng-koân ê khoàⁿ-hoat kap kè-ta̍t-koan, bú-tō ê hoān-ûi kài khoah, pau-koat kong-lêng-sèng--ê (pí-lūn Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn chè-lé--ni̍h ê bú-tō) kap oân-choân sio̍k-tī iù-lō͘ gē-su̍t piáu-ián ê bú-tō (pí-lūn ballet).\n\nTī ūn-tōng, thé-chhau, hua-gím chhu-peng kap hua-gím siû-chúi mā ke-ke kiám-kiám ū kiat-ha̍p bú-tō ê tōng-chok kap ki-su̍t. Bú-gē ê hêng-thâu kap bú-tō iā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hông chò-hoé pí-kàu, sīm-chì hō͘-siong éng-hióng.\n\nŪ ê bú-tō sī chāi-tiûⁿ ê lâng saⁿ-kap chham-ú--ê, ū ê sī ūi-tio̍h siā-kau iah piáu-ián ê khí-tì ūi koan-chiòng chìn-hêng--ê. Bú-tō pún-sin kiám-chhái sī tián-lé iah lé ê 1 pō͘-hūn, mā ū khó-lêng sī tàu-sài ê hāng-bo̍k, he̍k-sī kan-taⁿ beh ín-khí lâng ê chêng-io̍k. Bú-tō ū khó-lêng bô tài tia̍t-sû ê ì-gī, m̄-koh mā hoān-sè chhin-chhiūⁿ chin chē A-chiu bú-tō kāng-khoán, kin-pún sī 1 chióng piáu-sī ì-sù, ū tāi-piáu-sèng ê kang-khū. Gē-su̍t-ka oan-nā thàu-koè thiàu-bú lâi kā siūⁿ-hoat, chêng-kám piáu-hiān--chhut-lâi, iah-chiá-sī piáu-ta̍t 1 ê kò͘-sū.\n\nPian-bú sī chhòng-chō bú-tō ê gē-su̍t, pian-bú ê lâng tō-sī pian-bú-chiá (pian-bú-ka).","meta":{"title":"Thiàu-bú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1531,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1750}} -{"text":"Tī Sin-ka-pho Kiōng-hô-kok Hiàn-hoat, **Sin-ka-pho Chèng-hú** sī Sin-ka-pho ê hêng-chèng ki-koan, iû chóng-thóng kap lōe-koh cho͘-sêng. Tio̍h-sǹg chóng-thóng ē-sái ka-kī hêng-sú chit-khoân, khak-pó lōe-koh kap kok-hōe chiàu-siông ūn-chok, m̄-koh i-ê chit-chek chin tōa thêng-tō͘ chí-sī lé-gî-sèng. Sin-ka-pho ki-pún-siōng sio̍k-î gī-hōe-chè, it-poaⁿ-siōng hū-chek chí-tō kap khòng-chè chèng-hú ê lōe-koh, lōe-koh sêng-oân pau-koat chóng-lí í-ki̍p iû chóng-thóng keng-kòe chu-sûn chóng-lí só͘ úi-jīm ê kî-thaⁿ lōe-koh pō͘-tiúⁿ, in lóng lâi-chū tāi-soán tiong iâⁿ-tio̍h siāng-chē gī-se̍k ê chèng-tóng.\n\nCho͘-sêng\n---------\n\n* Sin-ka-pho Chóng-lí Kong-sú\n* Sin-ka-pho Kok-hông Pō͘\n* Sin-ka-pho Gōa-kau Pō͘\n* Sin-ka-pho Lāi-chèng Pō͘\n* Sin-ka-pho Bō͘-e̍k kap Kang-gia̍p Pō͘\n* Sin-ka-pho Châi-chèng Pō͘\n* Sin-ka-pho Jîn-le̍k Pō͘\n* Sin-ka-pho Kau-thong Pō͘\n* Sin-ka-pho Kok-ka Hoat-tián Pō͘\n* Sin-ka-pho Thong-sìn kap Sin-bûn Pō͘\n* Sin-ka-pho Khoân-kéng kap Chúi-goân Pō͘\n* Sin-ka-pho Lu̍t-chèng Pō͘\n* Sin-ka-pho Ōe-seng Pō͘\n* Sin-ka-pho Kàu-io̍k Pō͘\n* Sin-ka-pho Siā-hōe kap Ka-têng Hoat-tián Pō͘\n* Sin-ka-pho Bûn-hòa, Siā-khu kap Chheng-liân Pō͘\n\nChú-khoân ki-kim\n----------------\n\n* Sin-ka-pho Chèng-hú Tâu-chu Kong-si\n\nKok-iú khì-gia̍p\n----------------\n\n* Tām-má-sek Khòng-kó͘\n\nPang-bô͘:Sin-ka-pho Chèng-hú","meta":{"title":"Sin-ka-pho Chèng-hú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[541,1227,0.4409127954360228],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1465}} -{"text":"\"Caesar\" choán koè chia. Chhōe kî-thaⁿ ēng-hoat, khòaⁿ Caesar (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h).\nCaesar ê tâng-siōng.\n**Gaius Julius Caesar** (Latin-gí IPA: [ˈgaːius ˈjuːlius ˈkaɪsar]; chiân 100 nî 7 goe̍h 13 ji̍t – chiân 44 nî 3 goe̍h 15 ji̍t) sī Lô-má Kiōng-hô-kok ê kun-sū kiam chèng-tī thâu-lâng, sī Lô-má tùi kiōng-hô-kok chóan-piàn sêng Lô-má Té-kok ê koan-kiān jîn-bu̍t.\n\nCaesar gôan-pún sī chham kî-thaⁿ ê siú-léng kiōng-tī Lô-má. I āu-lâi sut-niá Lô-má kun-tūi cheng-ho̍k Gallia, ji̍p-chhim Britain. Tī chiân 49 nî ê sî-chūn, i hoat-khí lāi-chiàn, khòng-chè kui-ê Lô-má Kiōng-hô.\n\nChiân 44 nî, Caesar hō͘ chi̍t kóa gôan-ló chhì-sat sí-bông. Sui-jiân chhì-sat Caesar sī ūi tio̍h beh chó͘-tòng Caesar ê to̍k-chhâi thóng-tī, m̄-koh Lô-má soah iū koh lāi-chiàn, tè-bé Gaius Octavius tit tio̍h léng-tō-khôan, jî-chhiáⁿ kái chheng hông-tè.\n\nChù-sek\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Caesar chhut-sì chham kòe-sin ê sî-kan iáu-ū cheng-lūn.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 286265178\n* LCCN: n79021400\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2283 4514\n* GND: 118518275\n* SELIBR: 180826\n* SUDOC: 027303136\n* BNF: cb11894764p (data)\n* BIBSYS: 90063226\n* ULAN: 500077373\n* HDS: 010301\n* MusicBrainz: 700c2278-910d-40d5-b85a-4c95a39a95ef\n* NLA: 36153573\n* NDL: 00435043\n* NKC: jn19981000434\n* ICCU: CFIV024046\n* BNE: XX841352\n* CiNii: DA02136466\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Julius Caesar","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[375,1179,0.31806615776081426],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1477}} -{"text":"**Thài-khong-so Challenger sū-kò͘** sī hō chò Challenger ê NASA Thài-khong-so tī 1986 nî 1 goe̍h 28 ji̍t Florida chāi-tē sî-kan chái-khí 11:38, tùi Kennedy Thài-khong Tiong-sim ê 39-hō Chām chhut-hoat liáu-āu bô loa̍h kú hoat-seng ê po̍k-chà sū-kò͘. Tong-sî beh chip-hêng STS 51-L jīm-bū, sū-kò͘ chō-sêng thài-khong-chûn goân-choân phò-hoāi, chûn téng choân-pō͘ ê thài-khong-jîn choân-pō͘ sí-bông, pau-koat Dick Scobee, Michael J. Smith, Ellison Onizuka, Judith Resnik, Ronald McNair, Gregory Jarvis, Christa McAuliffe.\n\nTiâu-cha\n--------\n\nTāi-chì hoat-seng liáu-āu, Bí-kok chóng-thóng Ronald Reagan chí-tēng liáu to̍k-li̍p ê Thài-khong-so Challenger Sū-kò͘ Chóng-thóng Úi-oân-hōe (*Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident*) lâi chhù-lí tiâu-cha khang-khòe, sêng-oân sī kap jīm-bū bô khan-liân ê jîn-sū. Tiâu-cha-chiá tè-bé khak-tēng sū-kò͘ ê khí-in sī tī chiàⁿ-pêng ê Kò͘-thé Hóe-chìⁿ Chō͘-thui-khì (*Solid Rocket Booster*) téng-bīn liân-kiat nn̄g chiat hun-tōaⁿ pō͘-hūn ê kò͘-chiong. Koan-kiàn ê sit-ngō͘ sī chhut-hiān tī ēng lâi chó͘-tòng jiân-liāu sia̍p-lāu ê O-khoân (*O-rings*) lêng-kiāⁿ.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Joseph A. Angelo (2006). \"Challenger accident\". *Encyclopedia of Space and Astronomy*. Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-5330-8.","meta":{"title":"Thài-khong-so Challenger sū-kò͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[110,1203,0.0914380714879468],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1402}} -{"text":"Gē-su̍t\n**Gē-su̍t** (藝術) sī bó·-chi̍t-koá chok-phín (mi̍h-kiāⁿ ia̍h oa̍h-tōng) he̍k-chiá-sī gē-su̍t piáu-hiān-chiá pún-sin, hām koan-sióng-chiá tiong-kan hō·-siong éng-hióng, tì-sú sán-seng cheng-sîn-siōng, sim-lí-siōng, kap kám-kak ê piàn-hoà ê oa̍h-tōng.\n\nChit-khoán oa̍h-tōng te̍k-pia̍t kiông-tiāu koan-sióng-chiá tùi chok-chiá (piáu-hiān gē-su̍t ê lâng) ê kiâⁿ-choè ê chiáng-ak, lán kā hiah-ê hō· chok-chiá kap koan-sióng-chiá sán-seng kau-kâⁿ ê chhiú-lō·, mûi-thé, tùi-siōng téng-téng ê chok-phín, hām chit kui-ê koè-têng, lóng kiò-chò gē-su̍t.\n\nGē-su̍t chok-chiá thoân-sàng hō· koan-sióng-chiá ê loē-iông, ū koan-liām, su-sióng, kám-kak, kám-chêng téng-téng koh-iūⁿ ê thiu-siōng hē-hāng.\n\nGē-su̍t chit-ê sû sī tùi Ji̍t-pún hàn-jī-sû 芸術（げいじゅつ）lâi--ê.\n\nGē-su̍t ê chióng-mn̂g\n---------------------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Art*** |\n\nNā chiàu gē-su̍t chok-chiá só· ēng koh-iūⁿ ê chhiú-lō· kap mûi-thé, lán ē-sái kā gē-su̍t hun-chò bô-kâng ê chióng-mn̂g, ē-bīn sī àn gē-su̍t piáu-hiān ê hong-sek, kap le̍k-sú-siōng sio-pí-phēng ê khoán-sek lâi hun--ê.\n\n* Bí-su̍t\n\t+ Koè-oē\n\t+ Tiau-khek\n\t+ Kiàn-tio̍k\n\t+ Jī-hoat (Su-hoat)\n\t+ Hip-siòng (Liap-iáⁿ)\n\t+ Kang-gē\n\t+ Hoe-tō (chhah-hoe)\n* Bûn-ha̍k\n\t+ Si\n\t+ Siáu-soat\n\t+ Hì-kio̍k\n\t+ Sàn-bûn\n* Kó͘-tián im-ga̍k\n\t+ Chok-khek\n\t+ Ián-chàu\n\t+ Chí-hui\n* Siat-kè (Si̍t-iōng gē-su̍t)\n\t+ Sî-kiâⁿ gē-su̍t\n\t+ Tô·-siòng gē-su̍t\n\t+ Kang-gia̍p siat-kè\n\t+ Khong-kan siat-kè","meta":{"title":"Gē-su̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[340,1388,0.24495677233429394],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1685}} -{"text":"**Sin-ka-pho** sī chi̍t ê to-goân chéng-cho̍k iông-ha̍p ê keng-chè-thé, chú-iàu sī í su-iú keng-chè chiàm chú-tō ê keng-chè ko-tō͘ hoat-tián ê kok-ka, tān-sī chèng-hú ē ēng châi-chèng kap hêng-chèng le̍k-liōng lâi hia̍p-chō in lāi-goā keng-chè ê ún-tēng hoat-tián. Kin-kì Bí-kok thoân-thóng ki-kim-hōe kap The Wall Street Journal 2013 nî ê \"keng-chè chū-iû-tō͘ chí-sò͘\" pò-kò pâi-miâ, Sin-ka-pho pâi-miâ sè-kài tē-jī, kīn-chhù-î Hiong-káng.\n\nSin-ka-pho ê keng-chè hoat-tián keng-le̍k liáu iû to̍k-li̍p chho͘-kî sî ê lô-tōng bi̍t-chi̍p-hêng kang-gia̍p, ta̍uh-ta̍uh kòe-tō͘ kàu kū-iú ko-hù-ka ke-ta̍t ê chu-pún, ki-su̍t bi̍t-chi̍p-hêng kang-gia̍p kap ko-kho-ki sán-gia̍p, koh chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ hoat-tián kàu bo̍k-chiân ê sìn-sit sán-gia̍p téng-téng ê tì-hūi bi̍t-chi̍p-hêng keng-chè. Ùi 1970 nî-tāi khai-sí, Sin-ka-pho chiām-chiām pái-thoat liáu kan-na oá-khò choán-kháu bō͘-e̍k î-chhî seng-kè ê kio̍k-bīn, kok-ka chi̍t kang pí chi̍t kang hó-gia̍h, hoat-tián chiâⁿ-chò sin-heng ê sian-chìn-kok, pēng in-chhú pī hō-chò A-sè-a Sù-siáu-liông chi-it.\n\nSin-ka-pho ê tiān-chú, hoà-kang, kim-iông ho̍k-bū, liān-iû, chhiū-leng, chō-chûn kap choán-kháu kang-gia̍p lóng chiâⁿ hoat-ta̍t. Sin-ka-pho sī Tang-lâm-a ê chi̍t ê chú-iàu ê liān-iû tiong-sim, i-ê liān-iû sán-lêng siong-tong-î chio̍h-iû sán-phín siau-hùi-liōng ê nn̄g pōe.\n\nSin-ka-pho liông-hó ê kok-ka sìn-iōng, oân-siān ê chèng-hú kàm-koán ki-chè kap kiān-choân ê hoat-lu̍t chè-tō͘, hō͘ i chiâⁿ-chò niá-sian sè-kài ê kok-chè kim-iông tiong-sim. Standard & Poor's tī 2009 nî î-chhî liáu Sin-ka-pho goân-iú ê \"AAA/A-1+\" chú-koân sìn-iōng phêng-kip, Sin-ka-pho mā sī ûi-it tit-tio̍h chit hāng phêng-kip ê A-sè-a kok-ka. Sin-ka-pho bo̍k-chiân sī A Thài tē-khu siōng-kài sêng-se̍k ê chu-pún chhī-tiûⁿ chi-it.\n\nSin-ka-pho ê lí-iû-gia̍p tē-ūi tiōng-iàu, chiàm in GDP ê pí-tiōng chhiau-kòe 3%. Ūi-tio̍h beh chhì-kek lí-iû keng-chè, Sin-ka-pho koh tī 2010 nî 2 goe̍h sî, khai-hòng si-hêng 40 tang ê tó͘-kìm, tān-sī che tùi pún-tē-lâng iu-goân hān-chè chin chē. PricewaterhouseCoopers ū-kè, Sin-ka-pho ē tī 2011 nî chhiau-kòe Hân-kok kap Australia chiâⁿ-chò A Thài tē-khu tē-jī toā poa̍h-kiáu chhī-tiûⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Sin-ka-pho ê keng-chè","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2128,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2427}} -{"text":"**Kayano Sigeru** (萱野茂, 1926 nî 6-goe̍h 15 – 2006 nî 5-goe̍h 6) sī Ji̍t-pún Ainu-cho̍k ūn-tōng ê tāi-piáu jîn-bu̍t. I sī chhut-miâ ê Ainu-gí kóng-kó·-sian, bîn-sio̍k choan-ka, gí-giân choan-ka, mā sī tē-1-ê ji̍p Ji̍t-pún kok-hōe ê Ainu-lâng. I kiám-chhái sī Ji̍t-pún kok-lāi-gōa siāng-kài ū miâ-siaⁿ ê Ainu-lâng.\n\nI tī Pak-hái-tō lâm-pō· Nibutani hit tah chhut-siⁿ. I ê a-má chhiâng-chāi iōng Ainu-gí kóng-kó· hō· i thiaⁿ. Ha̍k-hāu ê tông-o̍h oân-ná Ainu-lâng khah chē, só·-í i pēng bô chhin-chhiūⁿ pa̍t-ūi ê chi̍t-kóa-á Ainu gín-á hō· gōa-lâng khoàⁿ-khin, thí-chhiò. In lāu-pē ū 1 kái hō· kéng-chhat ah--khì, kóng i thau lia̍h âng-liân-hî (kê-hî). Chit ê sū-kiāⁿ éng-hióng Kayano it-seng. I jīn-ûi kóng, Ainu-lâng lia̍h-hî ke̍k-ke lia̍h ū-kàu in chia̍h; ē ke lia̍h ê lâng lóng mā sī î-bîn ji̍p-lâi ê Ji̍t-pún-lâng (hō·-chò *shamo*), tì-tio̍h kê-hî kiông beh bô tè chhōe. In lāu-pē koàn-sì kòe Ainu-lâng thoân-thóng ê phah-la̍h seng-oa̍h, chū án-ne kui-sì-lâng bô chhōe thâu-lō· chò, āu--lâi soah giàn chia̍h-chiú.\n\nI hām kāng hit iân ê Ainu-lâng hòng-khì thoân-thóng ê seng-oa̍h, khì kā *shamo* in chò-kang. Kayano khò i ka-kī phah-piàⁿ, kàu kah 1950 nî-tāi chhò chhiū-á ê sū-gia̍p sió-khoá-á ū sêng-chiū. I sêng-jīm chit toāⁿ sî-kan i chhì beh kā Ainu ê it-chhè tàn-hìⁿ-sak, kā ka-kī ê Ainu sin-hūn pàng bē-kì-tit. I chhè put-sî pài-hóng Nibutani ê hia ê ha̍k-chiá. I ū 1 kang hoat-kak lāu-pē kā 1 hāng tiōng-iàu ê Ainu bûn-bu̍t bē hō· gōa-tē-lâng, chū án-ne chiah khai-sí khì siu-chi̍p, chéng-lí Ainu ê bûn-hòa sán-bu̍t. 1972 nî i khui 1 keng Nibutani Ainu Bûn-hòa Chu-liāu-koán tián-lám i ê sêng-kó. Tī 1970 nî-tāi I mî-nôa chhui-sak Ainu-lâng ê gī-tê, kó·-chhui in ê jîn-koân, bûn-hòa, goân-chū-bîn tē-ūi. I khiā tī Ainu-lâng ê koan-tiám siāu-kài Ainu hō· Ji̍t-pún-lâng, Ainu-lâng sio-bat. I ê tù-chok ê tê-châi ū Ainu bîn-kan kò·-sū, thoân-thóng chhiú-gē, sû-tián, chū-toān, téng-téng. I ê chheh mā ū hoan-e̍k.\n\nI tī 1990 nî-tāi thàu-kòe su-hoat koán-tō beh chó·-tòng chèng-hú tī kò·-hiong Nibutani khí chúi-khò·. Āu--lâi pāi-sò·. I tī 1994 nî tāi-piáu in hit khu ji̍p kok-hōe chham-gī-īⁿ; i sio̍k-î Ji̍t-pún Siā-hōe-tóng. Chìn-chêng i bat tùi 1975 nî khai-sí tam-jīm Biratori-teng (平取町) teng-gī-hōe ê gī-oân, lóng-chóng chò 5 kî.\n\nTī Ainu hiān-tāi sú tang-tiong, Kayano kò-jîn ê kak-sek put-chí-á tiōng-iàu, éng-hióng-la̍t put-chí-á tōa. Siâng-sî i chē-chió ū hō· lâng phoe-phêng kóng, Ainu bûn-hòa kiông beh pìⁿ \"Kayano bûn-hòa\".\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* Kayano, S. 1994. *Our land was a forest: an Ainu memoir*. Boulder: Westview. ISBN 0-8133-1880-7.\n* Siddle, R. 1997. Su-phêng.. 2004 nî 10-goe̍h 29 hā-chài.","meta":{"title":"Kayano Sigeru","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[132,2550,0.05176470588235294],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2999}} -{"text":"Lo̍k-chhùi-chúi\n**Lo̍k-chhùi-chúi** sī chhùi-khiuⁿ ūi-seng hú-chō· iōng-phín, ē-tàng sat-khún, siau-tû chhùi-chhàu, kap ī-hông chiù-khí. M̄-koh i sī hú-chō· ê kak-sek, chhùi-khiuⁿ ūi-seng chú-iàu iah-sī ài khò sú-iōng khí-bín-á kap khí-sòaⁿ lâi ta̍t-sêng. Sat-khún-sèng ê lo̍k-chhùi-chúi mā-bô tn̂g-kî sú-iōng ê pit-iàu. \n\nLo̍k-chhùi-chúi ê sêng-hun chú-iàu sī chheng-chúi, koh-lâi sī 20% chó-iū ê chiú-cheng (*alcohol*), jiân-āu kin-kú su-iàu lâi thiam-ka kî-thaⁿ sêng-hūn. It-poaⁿ lóng-ē ka po̍k-hō lâi am-khàm chhùi-khiuⁿ ê chhàu-bī. Sat-khún-sèng ê lo̍k-chhùi-chúi thiam-thiⁿ ê sat-khún (*bacteriocidal*) he̍k ek-khún (*bateriostatic*) hòa-ha̍k-bu̍t pau-koah ū *thymol*, *eucalyptol*, *methyl salicylate*, *menthol*, *chlorhexidine gluconate* kap *hydrogen peroxide*. Kiông-tiāu ī-hông chiù-khí ê hâm hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t sán-phín chú-iàu sī NaF. Hâm 0.2% (900 ppm) *NaF* ê, 1 lé-pài 1 kái, 1 kái 10 cc. Hâm 0.05% (225 ppm) NaF ê, 1 kang 1 kái, 1 kái 10 cc. Hâm-hu̍t lo̍k-chhùi-chúi kiàn-gī tn̂g-kî (siāng-chió 2 tang) kap tēng-sî sú-iōng, hāu-kó chiah ē chhut--lâi.\n\nLo̍k-chhùi-chúi ê sêng-hun\n--------------------------\n\n*Chlorhexidine* sī sio̍k-î *Bisguanide antiseptics*, *chlorhexidine* sī bo̍k-chiân kong-jīm siāng-hó ê sú-iōng tī khí-chiu-pēⁿ ê khí-khún-pan khòng-chè io̍h-che. *Chlorhexidine* ē-tit tn̂g sî-kan liâm-hù tī chhùi-khí piáu-bīn, lī-iōng pún-sin tòa chèng-tiān ê te̍k-sèng khip-ín sè-khún, jiân-āu phò-hāi i-ê sè-pau-mo̍·h oân-chéng-sèng. Gián-kiù pò-kò kóng 1-kang lo̍k-chhùi 1-pái keng-kòe 6-kò-goe̍h āu, sú-iōng 0.1% ê *Chlorhexidine* ē-sái kái-siān 66% ê khí-hoāⁿ-iām, a̍h 0.2% ê Chlorhexidine ē-sái kiám-chió 88% ê khí-hoāⁿ-iām.\n\nFig: Nā-chún thêng-chí sé-chhùi (tē-0 kang), kan-taⁿ iōng chheng-chúi lo̍k-chhùi, kúi-kang āu khí-khún-pan tio̍h-ē chhut-hiān. Ah-nā sú-iōng *Chlorhexidine* (0.2%) lâi lo̍k-chhùi, bô khí-khún-pan tui-chek.\nIah-m̄-koh tn̂g-kî sú-iōng *Chlorhexidine* ē chō-sêng chhùi-khí ní-sek, bī-kak (味覺) kái-piàn, sīm-chì chin chió-sò· ē chō-sêng liâm-mo̍͘h hú-si̍t (粘膜腐蝕) ê hù-chok-iōng, in-chhú it-poaⁿ bô kiàn-gī liân-soà sú-iōng chhiau-kòe 2 lé-pài.\n\nTī ē-kha chiá-ê chêng-hêng hā, pēⁿ-lâng bô-hoat-tō· chò-hó ki-hâi-sek ê khí-khún-pan khòng-chè ê sî, ē khó-lū chhái-iōng Chlorhexidine:\n\n* *ANUG (Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis)*:\n* Khí-chiu chhiú-su̍t chi-āu:\n* Ū hē-thóng-sèng chit-pēⁿ:","meta":{"title":"Lo̍k-chhùi-chúi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[100,2297,0.043535045711798],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2672}} -{"text":"Loān-liû ê hiān-siōng\n**Loān-liû** (亂流; *turbulence*), ia̍h-sī **būn-liû** (紊流), sī chi̍t khoán liû-thé ê liû-tōng chōng-thài. Tī liû-sok chin sió ê sî-chūn, liû-thé sī hun-chân liû-tōng, bōe hō͘-siong hūn-ha̍p; chit sî ê liû-tōng chōng-thài hō-chò chân-liû. Tān-sī, nā-chún liû-sok ta̍uh-ta̍uh cheng-ka, liû-thé ê liû-soàⁿ ē khai-sí chhut-hiān pho-chōng ê hàiⁿ-tōng, hàiⁿ-tōng ê pîn-lu̍t kap chín-hok ē tòe-tio̍h liû-sok ê cheng-ka lâi cheng-ka; chit sî ê liû-tōng chōng-thài hō-chò kòe-tō͘-liû. Nā-chún kè-sio̍k cheng-ka liû-sok kàu chin tōa, liû-thé ê liû-soàⁿ í-keng hun bōe chheng-chhó, liû-tiûⁿ lāi-bīn chhut-hiān chē-chē kńg-chn̄g, che chiū hō-chò loān-liû, iā hō-chò būn-liû kap **jiáu-liû** (擾流).\n\nTéng-bīn ê liû-tōng piàn-hòa ê chêng-hêng ē-ēng iōng Reynolds sò͘ lâi liōng-hòa. Tī Reynolds sò͘ khah-sè ê sî-chūn, liû-thé ê liâm-tī-le̍k (黏滯力) tùi liû-tiûⁿ ê éng-hióng tāi-î koàn-sèng-le̍k (慣性力), liû-sok ê jiáu-tōng ē in-ūi liâm-tī-le̍k lâi kiám-chió, liû-thé ê liû-tōng ún-tēng, sī chân-liû ê chōng-thài. Hoán-tian-tò, nā-chún Reynolds sò͘ khah-tōa, liû-thé ê koàn-sèng-le̍k tùi liû-tiûⁿ ê éng-hióng tāi-î liâm-tī-le̍k, liû-thé ê liû-tōng khah bô ún-tēng, liû-sok ê bî-sió piàn-hòa iông-ī hoat-tián kap cheng-kiông, hêng-sêng būn-loān koh bô-kui-chek ê loān-liû liû-tiûⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Loān-liû","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1293,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1485}} -{"text":"Be̍h-gê-thn̂g ê hoà-ha̍k kiat-kò͘\n**Be̍h-gê-thn̂g** (*maltose*) sī 1-chióng siang-thn̂g (*disaccharide*), hē-thóng miâ (*systematic name*) kiò-chò 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose, hun-chú-sek sī C12H22O11, sī 2-ê phô-tô-thn̂g hun-chú lâi cho·-sêng, chhut-hiān tī puh-gê ê be̍h-á, mā chûn-chāi tī tōng-bu̍t siau-hòa kàⁿ-sò· tùi thn̂g-lūi ê chok-iōng kòe-têng tiōng. \n\nBe̍h-gê-ko sī pe̍h-sek kiat-cheng bu̍t-chit, thn̂g-tō· kan-na chià-thn̂g ê 3-hūn-chi-1, ē iûⁿ-kái tī chúi--līn, sió-khóa-á iûⁿ-kái tī chiú-cheng. Thòaⁿ-chúi-hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t ê chia̍h-mi̍h tī hang-chhoe chè-choh kòe-têng tiōng, in-ūi thn̂g-lūi ê pō·-hūn hun-kái, ē chhut-hiān chió-liōng ê be̍h-gê-ko. Be̍h-gê-ko mā ē chhut-hiān tī be̍h-á-chiú ê liōng-chō kòe-têng tiōng, chiâⁿ-chò be̍h-á-chiú ê sêng-hūn.\n\nBe̍h-gê-ko hō· lâng tòng-chò êng-ióng-che kap thn̂g lâi sú-iōng tī chiâⁿ-chē hong-bīn, hó-pí-kóng thn̂g-jiō-pēⁿ hoān-chiá tn̂g-á-gōa (*parenteral*) thn̂g-hūn ê pó·-chhiong, sè-khún pôe-ióng ê pôe-ióng-kài-chit, io̍h-bu̍t ê chè-chō, liōng-chiú (*brewing*) ê hoat-kàⁿ tiōng-kan-bu̍t, polysulfide ê ún-tēng-che, ... téng-téng.","meta":{"title":"Be̍h-gê-thn̂g","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1137,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1282}} -{"text":"**Tan-ūi hâng-lia̍t** (Hàn-jī: 單位行列, Eng-gí: identity matrix) {\\displaystyle I\\_{n}} sī chi̍t chióng {\\displaystyle n} kai sù-hong hâng-lia̍t, i ê chú tùi-kak-sòaⁿ ê iàu-sò͘ lóng sī chi̍t, kî-thaⁿ só͘-chāi lóng sī lêng.\n\nTēng-gī kap kì-hō\n-----------------\n\nTan-ūi hâng-lia̍t it-poaⁿ sī siá chò {\\displaystyle I\\_{n}}; nā-sī size í-keng hô͘ lâng chai-iáⁿ, ia̍h-sī kóng m̄ chāi mā bô iàu-kín, tiō ē-ēng-tit siá chò {\\displaystyle I}. Ū-ê léng-he̍k (pí-lūn-kóng liōng-chú le̍k-ha̍k) ē kā tan-ūi hâng-lia̍t siá-chò {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {1}}}.\n\nĒng tùi-kak hâng-lia̍t ê kì-hō lâi siá, tiō sī\n\n{\\displaystyle I\\_{n}=\\operatorname {diag} (1,1,\\dots ,1).}\nLán mā ē-sái kóng, tan-ūi hâng-lia̍t ê iàu-sò͘ tiō sī Kronecker delta:\n\n{\\displaystyle (I\\_{n})\\_{ij}=\\delta \\_{ij}.}\nSiá khah kū-thé--leh, tiō sī án-ne:\n\n{\\displaystyle I\\_{1}={\\begin{pmatrix}1\\end{pmatrix}},\\quad I\\_{2}={\\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\\\0&1\\end{pmatrix}},\\quad I\\_{3}={\\begin{pmatrix}1&0&0\\\\0&1&0\\\\0&0&1\\end{pmatrix}},\\quad \\dots ,\\quad I\\_{n}={\\begin{pmatrix}1&0&0&\\cdots &0\\\\0&1&0&\\cdots &0\\\\0&0&1&\\cdots &0\\\\\\vdots &\\vdots &\\vdots &\\ddots &\\vdots \\\\0&0&0&\\cdots &1\\end{pmatrix}}.}\n\nSèng-chit\n---------\n\nChún-kóng {\\displaystyle A} sī chi̍t ê {\\displaystyle m\\times n} hâng-lia̍t, hâng-lia̍t ê sêng-hoat chŏaⁿ ū chi̍t ê sèng-chit, tiō sī\n\n{\\displaystyle I\\_{m}A=AI\\_{n}=A.}\nTe̍k-pia̍t lâi kóng, tan-ūi hâng-lia̍t sī hâng-lia̍t khoân ê sêng-hoat tan-ūi-goân, mā sī it-poaⁿ sòaⁿ-sèng kûn {\\displaystyle {\\text{GL}}(n)} ê sêng-hoat tan-ūi-goân.\n\nTan-ūi hâng-lia̍t ê kò͘-iú-ta̍t lóng sī chi̍t, jīm-hô hiòng-liōng lóng sī tan-ūi hâng-lia̍t ê kò͘-iú hiòng-liōng.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Friedberg, S. Insel, A. & Spence, L. (2018). *Linear Algebra* (5th Edition). Pearson. ISBN 978-0134860244. p. 82.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nSòaⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘ |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Liân-li̍p sòaⁿ-sèng hong-têng-sek | \n* Gauss siau-tû-hoat\n* Kramer kong-sek\n* Gauss–Seidel hong-hoat\n* Jacobi hong-hoat\n\n | Three dimensional Euclidean space |\n| |\n| Hiòng-liōng | \n* Sòaⁿ-sèng to̍k-li̍p\n* Sòaⁿ-sèng cho͘-ha̍p\n* Hiòng-liōng tâu-iáⁿ\n* Ki-té\n* Siang-tùi ki-té\n\n |\n| |\n| Hiòng-liōng khong-kan | \n* Siang-tùi khong-kan\n* Chú-khong-kan\n* Hu̍t khong-kan\n* Kò͘-iú khong-kan\n* Kong-gī kò͘-iú khong-kan\n* Sòaⁿ-sèng thí-khui\n* Hâng khong-kan\n* Lia̍t khong-kan\n* Chhù-goân\n\n |\n| |\n| Lāi-chek khong-kan | \n* Tiám-chek\n* Cauchy–Schwarz put-téng-sek\n* Ti̍t-kau\n* Chèng-kui ti̍t-kau\n* Chèng-kui ti̍t-kau ki-té\n* Gram–Schmidt hong-hoat\n* Ti̍t-kau pó͘ khong-kan\n\n |\n| |\n| Hâng-lia̍tSòaⁿ-sèng siá-siōng | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Ián-sǹg | \n* Sêng-hoat\n* Choán-tì\n* Kiōng-tam choán-tì\n* Ge̍k hâng-lia̍t\n* Sarrus hong-hoat\n* Ki-pún piàn-hêng\n* Tùi-kak-hòa\n* Hun-kái\n\t+ LU\n\t+ QR\n\t+ Cholesky\n\t+ Schur\n\t+ Te̍k-ì-ta̍t\n\t+ Kò͘-iú-ta̍t\n\n |\n| |\n| Siōng-sò͘ | \n* Hâng-lia̍t-sek\n* Jiah\n* Kai-sò͘\n* Kò͘-iú-ta̍t\n* Kò͘-iú hâng-lia̍t-sek\n* Chòe-sió to-hāng-sek\n* Put-piàn in-chú\n* sè-hâng-lia̍t-sek\n\n |\n| |\n| Lūi-pia̍t | \n* Sù-hong\n* Khó-ge̍k\n* Tan-ūi\n* Tùi-thīn\n* Hermite\n* Chèng-kui\n* Ti̍t-kau\n* Tńg-se̍h\n* Unitary\n* Be̍k-lêng\n* Chiàⁿ-tēng\n* Toaⁿ-bô͘\n* Tì-ōaⁿ\n* Block\n* Saⁿ-kak\n* Tùi-kak\n* Khó-tùi-kak-hòa\n* Sio-siâng\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Hâng-lia̍t-sek | \n* Laplace tián-khui\n* Î-in-chú hâng-lia̍t\n* Vandermonde hâng-lia̍t-sek\n* Chiong-kiat-sek\n* Cauchy-Binet kong-sek\n\n |\n| |\n| To-goân sòaⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘ | \n* Chhe-chek\n* Gōa-chek\n* Kronecker chek\n* Ti̍t-chek\n* Gōa tāi-sò͘\n* Tùi-thīn tāi-sò͘\n* Tiuⁿ-liōng tāi-sò͘\n\n |\n| |\n| Hâng-lia̍t-sek hâm-sò͘ | \n* Hâng-lia̍t ê chí-sò͘\n* Hâng-lia̍t ê tùi-sò͘\n* Hâng-lia̍t ê pêng-hong-kin\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | \n* Sûn-liōng\n* Cayley-Hamilton tēng-lí\n* Perron–Frobenius tēng-lí\n* Schur pó͘ hâng-lia̍t\n* Sylvester koàn-sèng tēng-lí\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Lūi-pia̍t\n* Tāi-kong\n* Sò͘-ha̍k Mn̂g-kháu-ia̍h\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tan-ūi hâng-lia̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1682,3371,0.4989617324236132],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4502}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Hông-tè Khiā-gô |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Tiàm tī Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k Snow Hill Island |\n| Pó-io̍k chōng-hóng |\n| Kē-gûi-hiám （IUCN 3.1） |\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Aves |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Sphenisciformes |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Spheniscidae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Aptenodytes* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***A. forsteri*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Aptenodytes forsteri***Gray, 1844 |\n|\n|\n|\n| Hông-tè Khiā-gô ê hoān-ûi (hoân-si̍t ūi-tì oē chheⁿ-sek) |\n\n \n\n**Hông-tè Khiā-gô** (ha̍k-miâ *Aptenodytes forsteri*) sī só͘-ū ê khiā-gô tang-tiong siāng lò koh toā-châng ê chiáu-chéng. In sī Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k ê te̍k-iú-chéng. Kang--ê bó--ê goā-hêng sio-siâng, koân chì 122 cm, tāng 22 chì 45 kg. Thâu kap kha-chhiah-phiaⁿ sī o͘-sek, pak-tó͘ pe̍k-sek, hêng-khám lio̍h-á n̂g, oá hīⁿ-á chhim n̂g; o͘ pe̍h hun-bêng. Chhan-chhiūⁿ kî-tha ê khiā-gō sī bē poe ê chiáu-á, ū liū-soàⁿ-hêng ê hêng-khu kap ngē-ngē ê si̍t-á, sek-ha̍p hái-iûⁿ ê khoân-kéng.\n\nSek-èng koâⁿ ê ki-lêng\n----------------------\n\nTī só͘-ū ê chiáu-lūi tang-tiong, Hông-tè Khiā-gô ū siāng kài koâⁿ ê hoân-si̍t khoân-kéng. Khong-khì ê un-tō͘ ē-tàng lak kah −40 °C, hong-sok ū-sî kàu 144 km/h. Sek-èng koâⁿ ê ki-lêng ū kúi-ā-chióng: In ê si̍t-á thê-kiong 80–90% ê pó-un hāu-kó, jī-chhiáⁿ phoê-hā ū 1 têng chí-hông, siāng kāu chì 3 cm (tī hoān-si̍t chêng). Ú-mn̂g ê bi̍t-tō͘ sī só͘-ū ê chiáu-lūi siāng koân--ê.\n\nHoân-si̍t chiu-kî\n-----------------\n\n *Aptenodytes forsteri*","meta":{"title":"Hông-tè Khiā-gô","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[331,1252,0.26437699680511184],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1710}} -{"text":"Jawi jī-bó. Ài ùi chiàⁿ-pêng tha̍k kaù tò-pêng, téng-koân tha̍k kaù ē-kha.\n**Jawi** sī 1 chióng ēng lâi siá Malay-gí ê Arabic jī-bó. I sī Brunei 2 chióng koaⁿ-hong bûn-jī ê 1 chióng. Tī Má-lâi-se-a, Hui-li̍p-pin, Indonesia, Thài-kok lâm-pō͘ ê Patani, kap Sin-ka-pho lóng ū leh ēng, te̍k-pia̍t sī chong-kaù hong-bīn.\n\nSiāu-kài\n--------\n\nJawi jī-bó tī Malay sè-kài (Nusantara) ēng kúi-nā pah tang a. I kap Islam kāng-chê hoat-tián. Tû-liáu goân-té ê Arabic jī-bó, i mā ū chi̍t-koá choan-kang hō͘ Jawi ēng ê jī-bó.\n\nJawi jī-bó chin chá tō ēng lâi siá Malay-gí. Ùi Pasai sî-kî kaù kah Malacca So͘-tan-kok (Sultanate), Johor So͘-tan-kok, kap 17 sè-kí ê Acheh So͘-tan-kok lóng ū leh ēng. 1303 nî (Islam 702 nî) ê Terengganu jī-pán (Terengganu Tablet) tō khoàⁿ ē tio̍h. Ah nā Latin jī-bó ài kaù kah 19 sè-kí boé-kî chiah khai-sí ēng.\n\nJī-bó\n-----\n\n| Jī-bó | Tan-tok | Thaû-chêng | Tiong-kan | Aū-piah | Miâ-chheng |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| ا | ﺍ |   |   | ﺎ | alif |\n| ب | ﺏ | ﺑ | ﺒ | ﺐ | ba |\n| ت | ﺕ | ﺗ | ﺘ | ﺖ | ta |\n| ة | ة |   |   | ـة‎ | ta marbutah |\n| ث | ﺙ | ﺛ | ﺜ | ﺚ | sa (tha) |\n| ج | ﺝ | ﺟ | ﺠ | ﺞ | jim |\n| چ | ﭺ | ﭼ | ﭽ | ﭻ | ca |\n| ح | ﺡ | ﺣ | ﺤ | ﺢ | ha |\n| خ | ﺥ | ﺧ | ﺨ | ﺦ | kha (khO) |\n| د | ﺩ |   |   | ﺪ | dal |\n| ذ | ﺫ |   |   | ﺬ | zal |\n| ر | ﺭ |   |   | ﺮ | ra (rO) |\n| ز | ﺯ |   |   | ﺰ | zai |\n| س | ﺱ | ﺳ | ﺴ | ﺲ | sin |\n| ش | ﺵ | ﺷ | ﺸ | ﺶ | syin |\n| ص | ﺹ | ﺻ | ﺼ | ﺺ | sad (sOd) |\n| ض | ﺽ | ﺿ | ﻀ | ﺾ | dad (dOd) |\n| ط | ﻁ | ﻃ | ﻄ | ﻂ | ta (tO) |\n| ظ | ﻅ | ﻇ | ﻈ | ﻆ | za (zO) |\n| ع | ﻉ | ﻋ | ﻌ | ﻊ | ain |\n| غ | ﻍ | ﻏ | ﻐ | ﻎ | ghain |\n| ڠ | ڠ | ڠـ | ـڠـ | ـڠ | nga |\n| ف | ﻑ | ﻓ | ﻔ | ﻒ | fa |\n| ڤ | ﭪ | ﭬ | ﭭ | ﭫ | pa |\n| ق | ﻕ | ﻗ | ﻘ | ﻖ | qaf |\n| ک | ک | کـ | ـکـ | ـک | kaf |\n| ݢ | ݢ | ݢـ | ـݢـ | ـݢ | ga |\n| ل | ﻝ | ﻟ | ﻠ | ﻞ | lam |\n| م | ﻡ | ﻣ | ﻤ | ﻢ | mim |\n| ن | ﻥ | ﻧ | ﻨ | ﻦ | nun |\n| و | ﻭ |   |   | ﻮ | wau |\n| ۏ | ۏ |   |   | ـۏ | va |\n| ه | ﻩ | ﻫ | ﻬ | ﻪ | ha |\n| ء | ء |   |   | ء | hamzah |\n| ي | ﻱ | ﻳ | ﻴ | ﻲ | ya |\n| ی | ی |   |   | ﻰ | ye |\n| ڽ | ڽ | ﭘ | ﭙ | ـڽ | nya |\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* H.S. Paterson (& C.O. Blagden), 'An early Malay Inscription from 14th-century Trengganu', *Journ. Mal. Br.R.A.S.*, II, 1924, pp. 258-263.\n* R.O. Winstedt, *A History of Malaya*, revised ed. 1962, p. 40.\n* J.G. de Casparis, *Indonesian Paleography*, 1975, p. 70-71.\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Omniglot article about written Malay","meta":{"title":"Jawi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[644,1458,0.44170096021947874],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2519}} -{"text":"Tī lia̍p-chú bu̍t-lí-ha̍k tiong, **PMNS hâng-lia̍t** sī chi̍t ê (Hàn-jī: **PMNS行列**; Eng-gí: **Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix**, kán-chheng **PMNS matrix**), mā kiò-chò **neutrino sio-lām hâng-lia̍t** (Hàn-jī: **neutrino相濫行列**; Eng-gí: **neutrino mixing matrix**) sī chi̍t ê unitary sio-lām hâng-lia̍t, chū-iû thoân-pò ê neutrino kap si jio̍k-la̍t ê neutrino nn̄g-ê chi-kan liōng-chú thài ê chhat-piat. Chit ê hâng-lia̍t siōng chá sī Ziro Maki, Masami Nakagawa, kap Shoichi Sakata tī 1962 nî the̍h-chhut ·ê, ēng-lâi kái-soeh Bruno Pontecorvo ī-chhek ê neutrino tín-tāng hiān-siōng.\n\nHâng-lia̍t\n----------\n\nPMNS hâng-lia̍ chok-iōng tī neutrino ê chit-liōng kò͘-iú thài, tiō chiâⁿ-chò bī ê kò͘-iú thài sī án-ne:\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{bmatrix}{\\nu \\_{e}}\\\\{\\nu \\_{\\mu }}\\\\{\\nu \\_{\\tau }}\\end{bmatrix}}={\\begin{bmatrix}U\\_{e1}&U\\_{e2}&U\\_{e3}\\\\U\\_{\\mu 1}&U\\_{\\mu 2}&U\\_{\\mu 3}\\\\U\\_{\\tau 1}&U\\_{\\tau 2}&U\\_{\\tau 3}\\end{bmatrix}}{\\begin{bmatrix}\\nu \\_{1}\\\\\\nu \\_{2}\\\\\\nu \\_{3}\\end{bmatrix}}\\ }.\n### Chham-sò͘-hòa\n\nPMNS ū kúi-nā chióng bô-kâng ê chham-sò͘-hòa. Siōng chiap khòaⁿ-tio̍h ·ê sī bô͘-hóng 3-chhù-goân khong-kan lāi-té ê tńg-se̍h, ū 3 ê sio-lām kak ({\\displaystyle \\theta \\_{12}}, {\\displaystyle \\theta \\_{23}} kap {\\displaystyle \\theta \\_{13}}), koh ū chi̍t-ê tāi-piáu CP phò-hoāi ê ūi-siòng {\\displaystyle \\delta \\_{\\text{CP}}}.\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}&{\\begin{bmatrix}1&0&0\\\\0&c\\_{23}&s\\_{23}\\\\0&-s\\_{23}&c\\_{23}\\end{bmatrix}}{\\begin{bmatrix}c\\_{13}&0&s\\_{13}e^{-i\\delta \\_{\\text{CP}}}\\\\0&1&0\\\\-s\\_{13}e^{i\\delta \\_{\\text{CP}}}&0&c\\_{13}\\end{bmatrix}}{\\begin{bmatrix}c\\_{12}&s\\_{12}&0\\\\-s\\_{12}&c\\_{12}&0\\\\0&0&1\\end{bmatrix}}\\\\&={\\begin{bmatrix}c\\_{12}c\\_{13}&s\\_{12}c\\_{13}&s\\_{13}e^{-i\\delta \\_{\\text{CP}}}\\\\-s\\_{12}c\\_{23}-c\\_{12}s\\_{23}s\\_{13}e^{i\\delta \\_{\\text{CP}}}&c\\_{12}c\\_{23}-s\\_{12}s\\_{23}s\\_{13}e^{i\\delta \\_{\\text{CP}}}&s\\_{23}c\\_{13}\\\\s\\_{12}s\\_{23}-c\\_{12}c\\_{23}s\\_{13}e^{i\\delta \\_{\\text{CP}}}&-c\\_{12}s\\_{23}-s\\_{12}c\\_{23}s\\_{13}e^{i\\delta \\_{\\text{CP}}}&c\\_{23}c\\_{13}\\end{bmatrix}}.\\end{aligned}}}\nkî-tiong {\\displaystyle s\\_{ij}} kap {\\displaystyle c\\_{ij}} hun-pia̍t sī tāi-piáu {\\displaystyle \\sin \\theta \\_{ij}} kap {\\displaystyle \\cos \\theta \\_{ij}}.\n\nKoh khòaⁿ\n---------\n\n* Neutrino tín-tāng\n* CKM hâng-lia̍t\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------","meta":{"title":"PMNS hâng-lia̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[32,2389,0.013394725826705735],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2434}} -{"text":"chemical structure of doxycycline\n**Doxycycline** sī tetracycline khòng-seng-sò· ê 1-chióng, siang-chāi hō· i-su khui chhù-hng lâi tī-liâu kám-jiám-pēⁿ kap thiāu-á-chí. I ia̍h ē-éng-chit tī-liâu pì-jiō-tō kám-jiám (urinary tract infection), khí-chiu-pēⁿ, kap kî-thaⁿ ê sè-khún kám-jiám hó-pí-kóng lîm-pēⁿ (*gonorrhea*) kiau chlamydia. Doxycycline mā hō·-lâng the̍h-lâi ī-hông Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) ê thoân-jiám. I mā ē-tàng tùi-khòng Yersinia pestis kap malaria. Doxycycline ū the̍h-lâi teh tī-liâu Lyme disease.\n\nI-ê hòa-ha̍k-miâ kiò \n*(4S,4aR,5S,5aR,6R,12aS)- Dimethylamino- 1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a- octahydro- 3,5,10,12,12a- pentahydroxy- 6-methyl- 1,11-dioxo-2- naphthacencarboxamid*\n\nTī khah-chió ê chè-liōng hā, doxycycline sī matrix metalloproteinase ê ek-chè-che (*inhibitor*), pī lī-iōng tī kok-chióng ê si̍t-giām hē-thóng. \nDoxycycline ê 1-ê hù-chok-iōng sī ín-khí photosensitive allergic reaction, pôe-hu chiò-tio̍h ji̍t-thâu ê chí-gōa-sòaⁿ ē khí rash, hó-pí chò sunbath ê sî.","meta":{"title":"Doxycycline","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,960,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1091}} -{"text":"**Sin-ka-pho Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi** (新加坡日本時代), mā hō-chò **Ji̍t-chiàm sî-kî** (日佔時期), sī Sin-ka-pho tī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Chiàn-cheng kî-kan pī Tāi-ji̍t-pún Tè-kok chiàm-niá ê sî-kî. Chit-ê sî-kî tùi 1942 nî 2 goe̍h 15 hō Sin-ka-pho Hái-kiap Si̍t-bîn-tē chèng-hú tâu-hâng khai-sí, chì 1945 nî 9 goe̍h 12 hō tī Sin-ka-pho Chèng-hú Tāi-hā kí-hêng Ji̍t-pún-kun bô-tiâu-kiāⁿ tâu-hâng gî-sek ûi-chí.\n\nSin-ka-pho tī Tāi-eng Tè-kok si̍t-bîn thóng-tī chi-hā ê hoat-tián in-ūi Ji̍t-pún-kun ê chiàm-niá lâi tiong-toān. 1941 nî 12 goe̍h 7 hō, Ji̍t-pún chhek-tōng Chin-chu-káng sū-kiāⁿ, pēng tián-khui i tùi Tang-lâm-a ê chhim-lio̍k hêng-tōng. Ji̍t-pún-kun tī bô-kàu 2-kò-goe̍h ê sî-kan, chiū tī keh-tńg-tang ê 1 goe̍h 31 hō oân-choân chiàm-niá Má-lâi Poàn-tó, pēng hoat-tōng chòe-āu ê Sin-ka-pho chiàn-ia̍h. 1942 nî 2 goe̍h 15 hō, Sin-ka-pho ê Eng-kok-kun hióng Ji̍t-pún-kun tâu-hâng, Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi khai-sí. Sin-ka-pho pī kái-miâ chò Chiau-lâm-tó (昭南島). Hêng-chèng siōng, Sin-ka-pho sī Tāi-ji̍t-pún Tè-kok ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn, hō-chò Chiau-lâm Te̍k-pia̍t-chhī (昭南特別市); in-chhú chit-ê sî-kî mā hō-chò Chiau-lâm sî-tāi (昭南時代).","meta":{"title":"Sin-ka-pho Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1139,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1301}} -{"text":"Lâng ê ba̍k-chiu (pe̍h-lâng).\n**Ba̍k-chiu** (目睭) sī 1-chióng ē-tàng thàm-ti kng-sòaⁿ ê khì-koan. Tī kok-iūⁿ ê oa̍h-mi̍h sin-khu-téng (téng-kôan), í-keng hoat-hiān ū chiâⁿ-chē bô-kāng-khóan, ē-tàng thàm-ti kng-sòaⁿ ê khì-koan.\n\nChhân-eⁿ ê ba̍k-chiu.\nSiōng-kán-tan ê ba̍k-chiu kan-taⁿ thang thàm-ti sì-kho·-ûi sī kng ia̍h-sī àm niā-tiāⁿ. Nā khah-kàu-khàm ê ba̍k-chiu, tō ē-tàng koh sán-seng khòaⁿ-tio̍h mi̍h-kiāⁿ ê kám-kak.\n\nŪ chin-chē khah-ho̍k-cha̍p ê oa̍h-mi̍h, chhin-chhiūⁿ chi̍t-kóa chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t, chi̍t-pō·-hūn ê chiáu-á, pâ-thiông tōng-bu̍t hām chi̍t-kóa hî-á, lóng ū seⁿ tī kāng 1-ê pêng-bīn ê 2-lúi ba̍k-chiu. In tō chhin-chhiūⁿ jîn-lūi kāng-khóan, thang khòaⁿ-tio̍h 1-ê 1-ê 3-ê hiòng-tō· ê iáⁿ-siōng. Nā-sī 2-lúi ba̍k-chiu sī seⁿ tī bô-kâng ê 2-pêng bīn, án-ne khòaⁿ--tio̍h-ê, tō-sī 2-ê koh-iūⁿ ê iáⁿ-siōng, pí-lūn thò·-á kap kim-chîⁿ-ku tō-sī án-ne.","meta":{"title":"Ba̍k-chiu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,901,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1025}} -{"text":"**Thiⁿ-khì ī-pò** (天氣預報) sī sú-iōng hiān-tāi kho-ha̍k ki-su̍t tùi bī-lâi bó͘ chi̍t tiám Tē-kiû tāi-khì-chân ê chōng-thài lâi chìn-hêng ī-chhek. Ùi sú-chiân jîn-lūi chiū í-keng khai-sí tùi thiⁿ-khì chìn-hêng ī-chhek lâi siong-èng an-pâi khang-khòe kap seng-oa̍h (pí-lūn lông-gia̍p seng-sán, kun-sū hêng-tōng téng-téng). Chit-má ê thiⁿ-khì ī-pò chú-iàu sī sú-iōng siu-chi̍p tōa-liōng ê sò͘-kì (khì-un, sip-tō͘, hong-hiòng kap hong-sok, khì-ap téng-téng), jiân-āu sú-iōng bo̍k-chiân tùi tāi-khì kòe-têng ê se̍k-sāi (khì-siōng-ha̍k) lâi khak-tēng kóng bī-lâi khong-khì ê piàn-hòa. In-ūi tāi-khì kòe-têng ê hūn-loān í-ki̍p chit-má ê kho-ha̍k pēng bô thiat-té liáu-kái tāi-khì kòe-têng, in-chhú thiⁿ-khì ī-pò chóng sī ū it-tēng ê gō͘-chha.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85145853\n* GND: 4079256-0\n* NDL: 00572832\n* NKC: ph135000\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Thiⁿ-khì ī-pò","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[71,834,0.08513189448441247],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1026}} -{"text":"Chèng-tī-tek ê **chū-iû** sī kóng kò-jîn ê chū-chú-koân bô siū-tio̍h pa̍t-ê kò-jîn iah cho͘-chit ēng háⁿ-heh he̍k-chiá-sī po̍k-le̍k-tek ê chhiú-lō͘ lâi kan-sia̍p.\n\nChū-iû siā-hoē--ni̍h ê sêng-oân tùi in kong-kiōng kap su-jîn ê seng-hoa̍t ē ū ka-nn̂g ê chú-tō-koân, nā chū-iû siā-hoē ê tò-péng, tō sī choan-chè ê kok-ka, choan-chè ê thé-chè ē put-chí-á chè-hān lâng ê chèng-tī chū-iû, tī lâng kiâⁿ-pàng ê ta̍k chân-bīn ka sok-po̍k, tī chit-ê chêng-hêng hā, chū-iû tō kan-taⁿ sī chí lâng kap lâng ê koan-hē, nā tùi chū-iû ê sńg-tn̄g mā ē sī chí lâng tùi pa̍t-lâng ê háⁿ-heh kap ui-hia̍p niā-tiāⁿ.\n\nChióng-lūi\n----------\n\nChèng-tī-tek ê chū-iû kap kong-bîn chū-iû hām kò-jîn koân-lī sī sio-liâm-tì-tuà--ê, toā-to-sò͘ ê bîn-chú siā-hoē ē thàu-koè hoat-lu̍t lâi pó-chiòng chiah-ê chū-iû. Chèng-tī-tek ê chū-iù pau-koat:\n\n* Chi̍p-hoē ê chū-iû\n* Cho͘-chit ê chū-iû\n* Siū kàu-io̍k ê chū-iû\n* Chhian-soá ê chū-iû\n* Chong-kàu ê chū-iû\n* Giân-lūn chū-iû\n* Sin-bûn chū-iû\n* Su-sióng ê chū-iû\n* Ū bú-khì ê chū-iû\n* Tì-sek ê chū-iù\n* Sèng ê chū-iû\n* Soán-kí-koân","meta":{"title":"Chū-iû (chèng-tī)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[212,1026,0.20662768031189083],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1226}} -{"text":"Tiám-sim-tàⁿ\n**Tiám-sim** chú-iàu sī chí thoân-thóng siōng bô sio̍k chiàⁿ-tǹg, tī chiàⁿ-tǹg chi kan the̍h lâi chí-iau thap-phāng ê chhùi-chia̍h-mi̍h. Choè chho͘-tāng ê khang-khoè, khang-khoè ài bô-mî-bô-ji̍t thong-siau ê sî, ū-thang-sî-á tio̍h sǹg-kóng kan-nā tī téng poàⁿ-mî niā, ūi-tio̍h beh chān chi̍t-gê khùi-la̍k, chí chi̍t-gê ki, pó͘ chi̍t-gê chiàⁿ-tǹg chia̍h bô-kàu pá, lóng thang chhoân tiám-sim lâi chia̍h. \n\nThong-siông kóng chò tiám-sim ê chhùi-chia̍h-mi̍h sī lóng boē-pí chiàⁿ-tǹg khah chhiⁿ-chhau phong-phái, chhài-sek oē khah kán-tan, hūn-liōng sī khah-chió. Ū-thang-chia̍h koh chia̍h tiám-sim ê sî boē tîⁿ chin-choē chiàⁿ-sū ê sî-kan mā-sī kiò-chò tiám-sim chit-chióng chhùi-chia̍h-mi̍h ê lēng-goā chi̍t-gê te̍k-sèng. M̄-koh m̄-koán án-choáⁿ tiám-sim mā boē chhun sì-siù hia-nih-á liāu-siáu tō-tio̍h.\n\nBí-hún-chhá, kiâm-moê, téng khoán sī toā-tiûⁿ-bīn oa̍h-tāng kài tiāⁿ-khoàⁿ-tio̍h ê chi̍t-koá ū tāng-tio̍h hoé-tiáⁿ ê tiám-sim.\n\nOē-tàng the̍h-kiong tiám-sim m̄-bián ka-kī tāng hoé-tiáⁿ ê só͘-chāi, chhun lō͘-piⁿ-tàⁿ-á, sok-si̍t-tiàm, chhan-thiaⁿ ím-si̍t-tiàm, se-tiám mī-pau-tiàm, chhiau-kip-chhī-tiûⁿ, toā-bē-tiûⁿ téng sī chha-put-to í-keng kàu-kah saⁿ-pō͘-chi̍t-khám-tiàm hia-nih-á choē. Sio-kâng oē-tàng thang hō͘-lán soán-te̍k lâi chò tiám-sim ê chióng-lūi mā chiok-choē. M̄-koh chit-má ūi-tio̍h m̄-ài cheng-ka thé-tāng chi̍t-poe ka-pi ah-sī tê kah nn̄g-saⁿ-tè-á châu-soè-tè ê piáⁿ mā oē-tàng kiò-chò sī chi̍t-hūn tiám-sim.\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***category:Dim sum*** |","meta":{"title":"Tiám-sim","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[61,1560,0.0391025641025641],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1798}} -{"text":"\n1909 nî 9 goe̍h ê tē-2-kńg tē-9-hō.\n***Gí-oán*** (gú- 語苑 *goen*) sī Tâi-oân tī 1908 nî 4 goe̍h khai-sí hoat-hêng ê chi̍t pō͘ gí-ha̍k (語學) cha̍p-chì. Cha̍p-chì ê pian-chi̍p kiam hoat-hêng-chiá sī Tâi-oân-gí Thong-sìn Gián-kiù-hōe. Gián-kiù-hōe sī hit-tong-sî Ko-téng Hoat-īⁿ só͘ siat, chú-iàu chham-gú ê lâng sī hoat-īⁿ thong-e̍k.\n\nLōe-iông\n--------\n\nGú-oán ê lōe-iông pau-koat Tâi-oân-ōe kiam Ji̍t-pún-ōe ê gia̍p-bū tùi-ōa ê kà-ha̍k, tùi Tâi-oan-ōe ê gián-kiù he̍k-chiá sī thó-lūn, ia̍h ū Se-iûⁿ he̍k-chiá thoân-thóng Hàn-bûn kò͘-sū ê Tâi-oan-ōe pán-pún, koh ū gí-bûn būn-tê ê gī-lūn. It-poaⁿ sī ēng Hàn-jī phòe-ha̍p Tâi-oân-gí Kana lâi su-siá. Lēng-goā ū-ê bûn-chiong sī Hàn-bûn.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTī Tâi-oân-gí Thong-sìn Gián-kiù-hōe ê hōe-chek (會則) lāi, ū tēng bí kò-goe̍h 1 hôe ê cha̍p-chì hoat-hêng. Gú-oán ê kang-chok-chiá chú-iàu sī tong-sî ê hoat-īⁿ thong-e̍k, choan-bûn phài tī Gú-oán ê lâng, chiàu 1909 nî 5 goe̍h sî ê chu-liāu, ū 21-ê.\n\n1938 nî 11 goe̍h khai-sí, Gú-oán piàn chò chha-put-to goân-choân lóng sī kéng-chhat iōng-gí téng choan-bûn tī kéng-chhat su-iàu ê káng-si̍p chu-liāu. 1941 nî, siū tio̍h kok-gí phó͘-ki̍p chèng-chhek ê eng-hióng, Gú-oán thêng-chí chhut-pán. Kàu 11 goe̍h, gián-kiù-hōe kái hoat-hêng Kéng-chhat Gú-ha̍k Káng-si̍p Chu-liāu (警察語學講習資料).\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. ↑ 裏川大無. \"臺灣雜誌興亡史 (三)\". *臺灣時報* (1935-04).\n2. ↑ 岡本真希子 (2012). \"日本統治前半期台湾の官僚組織における通訳育成と雑誌『語苑』 : 1910-1920年代を中心に\". *社会科学*. 同志社大学人文科学研究所. **42** (2–3).\n3. ↑ 岡本真希子 (2013). \"「国語」普及政策下台湾の官僚組織における通訳育成と雑誌『語苑』 : 1930-1940年代を中心に\". *社会科学*. 同志社大学人文科学研究所. **42** (4).\n\nKî-tha gián-kiù chu-liāu\n------------------------\n\n* 李尚霖 (2011). *日治時期台語白話書寫與文字拼音系統關係之研究：以《語苑》、《台灣府城教會報》為中心* (sek-sū thesis). 國立臺北教育大學 台灣文化研究所.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Ono Mamori (小野真盛)\n* *Giân-gí kap Bûn-ha̍k* (言語と文學)\n* *The Formosa*","meta":{"title":"Gí-oán","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[550,1883,0.2920870950610728],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2245}} -{"text":"\n17 sè-kí ūi ê Tâi-oân Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ\n**Ji̍at-lân-jia Siâⁿ Pau-ûi Chiàn** (熱蘭遮城包圍戰, Hô-lân-gí: Slag om Fort Zeelandia, Eng-gí: The Siege of Fort Zeelandia), ùi se-goân 1661 nî 5 ge̍h 30 hō khai-sí, kàu 1662 nî 2 ge̍h 1 hō ûi-chí, sī Tēⁿ Sêng-kong ê pō͘-tūi pau-ûi Ji̍at-lân-jia Siâⁿ Hô-lân lâng ê chi̍t-tiûⁿ ûi-siâⁿ chiàn. I kiat-sok Hô-lân Tang-ìn-tō͘ Kong-si tī Tâi-oân ê thóng-tī, Tang-lêng-kok ê thóng-tī ùi chiah khai-sí. Tâi-oân le̍k-sú ha̍k-chiá Lô͘ Kiàn-êng (盧建榮) kóng chit kiāⁿ tāi-chì sī \"chi̍t-tiûⁿ koat-tēng Tâi-oân chi-āu 400 nî miā-ūn ê chiàn-cheng\".\n\nThâu-sū\n-------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Bêng-Hô Chhiong-tu̍t\nHô-lân lâng 1623 nî kàu 1624 nî tī Pescadores ê chiàn-tàu tiong su hō͘ Bêng-kun, lō͘-bé koh-chài tī Liāu-lô-oan Hái-chiàn tiong su hō͘ Tēⁿ Sêng-kong ê lāu-pē, Tēⁿ Chi-liông.\n\n#### Tēⁿ-kun ê Chún-pī\n\n1659 nî, tī kong-kek Lâm-kiaⁿ sit-pāi í-āu, Tēⁿ Sêng-kong kám-kak Chheng-kok tī tāi-lio̍k ê thóng-tī í-keng chin ún-tēng ah, jî-chhiáⁿ i ê pō͘-tūi su-iàu pó͘-kip kah jîn-le̍k. I khai-sí chek-ke̍k chhē sek-ha̍p chòe i pún-iâⁿ ê só͘-chāi. Bô-lōa-kú, chi̍t-ê kiò Hô Pin ê tī Hô-lân Tâi-oân chòe-kang ê lâng, in-ūi khiàm-siàu, cháu khì Tēⁿ Sêng-kong tī Ē-mn̂g ê pún-iâⁿ, tùi i hiàn-siōng chit-tiuⁿ Tâi-oân ê tē-tô͘.\n\n#### Hô-lân Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si ê Chún-pī\n\nKàu 1632 nî, Hô-lân lâng í-keng tī chi̍t-ê kiò Tayoan (Tâi-oân, 大員, tī hiān-chhú-sî ê Tâi-lâm An-pêng-khu) ê poàn-tó kiàn-li̍p i ê kù-tiám, kah Tâi-oân-tó keh Tâi-kang Lāi-hái tùi khòaⁿ. Hô-lân lâng ê bú-chong pau-koat nn̄g chō hái-oan piⁿ-á ê siâⁿ-pó. Chi̍t-ê sī ū chin-chōe chàn piah-tó͘ ê Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ (熱蘭遮城), khí tī hái-oan ê ji̍p-kháu; i sī Hô-lân lâng chú-iàu ê bú-chong. Lēng-gōa chi̍t chō sī Phó͘-lô-bîn-jia Siâⁿ (普羅民遮城), chi̍t chō tī hái-oan lāi ū piah-tó͘ ê koán-lí ēng kiàn-tiok, khah-sòe thâu-chêng hit chō. Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si Tâi-oân chóng-tok Frederick Coyett, kah 1000 lâng chù-chat tī Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ; i ê ē-si Valentyn léng-tō 500 lâng siú-pī Phó͘-lô-bîn-jia Siâⁿ.\n\nÛi-siâⁿ\n-------\n\nChiàn-tàu ê kè-thêng\nJia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ ê Tâu-hâng\nHô-lân chèng-hú kah Tēⁿ Sêng-kong 1662 nî ê hô-iok. \nTēⁿ Sêng-kong kah i ê lām-tūi 1661 nî 3 ge̍h 23 hō ùi Kim-mn̂g chhut-hoat. I ê lām-tūi pau-koat kúi-pah chiah kok-chióng tōa-sòe ê chûn, chûn téng ū chha-put-to 2 5000 lâng ê peng kah chúi-siú. In keh-tńg-kang kàu Phîⁿ-ô͘, tiàm hiah chù-chat tām-po̍h-á lâng siú-pī, jiân-āu tī 3 ge̍h 30 hō koh-chài khí-phâng. Lām-tūi tī 4 ge̍h 2 hō kàu Tayoan, jiân-āu, m̄-pat hō͘ Hô-lân lâng hoat-hiān, nǹg-kè chit-tiâu chhián ê chúi-tō, tī hái-oan lāi ê Lo̍k-ní-mn̂g (鹿耳門, Hô-lân-gí: Lakjemuyse) teng-lio̍k. \n\nTēⁿ Sêng-kong ū chhiong-chiok ê tōa-kòng kah kun-hóe, jî-chhiáⁿ koh-ū nn̄g-ê ē-hiáu ēng hé-chhèng ê, chi-chêng hāu-tiong Hô-lân ê Hui-chiu-è lô͘ -lē. In tī chiàn-tàu tiong hō͘ Hô-lân lâng sún-sit chhám-tiōng. Tēⁿ Sêng-kong ê pō͘-tūi chhēng thih-kah, chhiú lāi m̄-sī gia̍h siang-chhiú tōa-kiàm, tō-sī chi̍t chhiú gia̍h tún chi̍t chhiú gia̍h kiàm, nā-bô tō-sī ēng keng-chìⁿ ê. Kiàm-peng sī chún-pī tī the̍h tún ê peng chiong te̍k-jîn hông-sòaⁿ thiah-khui (in-ūi Tēⁿ Sêng-kong bô khiâ-peng só͘-í chí-hó án-ni chòe) í-āu tùi cháu--khì ê te̍k-kun chìn-hêng tó͘-sat ê. \n\nKong-kek pō͘-tūi liân-mi khai-sí ûi Phó͘-lô-bîn-jia Siâⁿ siâⁿ. Valentyn oân-choân bô chún-pī, in-ūi chiàu-kóng Phó͘-lô-bîn-jia Siâⁿ ū Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ pó-hō͘. Bīn-tùi ū ap-tó-sèng sò͘-liōng ê te̍k-kun, Valentyn chí-hó tī 4 ge̍h 4 hō tâu-hâng. 3 ji̍t í-āu, Tēⁿ Sêng-kong khai-sí pau-ûi Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ, jî-chhiáⁿ phài chi-chêng lia̍h-tio̍h ê Hô-lân thoân-kàu-sū Hoān-bû-jû-khu (范無如區, Hô-lân-gí: Antonius Hambroek) ji̍p-siâⁿ khì khǹg Hô-lân lâng tâu-hâng. Hoān-bû-jû-khu ji̍p-siâⁿ āu tian-tò iau-kiû Hô-lân lâng mài tâu-hâng, tńg-khì Tēⁿ Sêng-kong ê iâⁿ í-āu hō͘ in chhú-koat. Tēⁿ Sêng-kong kiò i ê phàu-peng ēng 28 châng tōa-kóng chà hit-chō siâⁿ-pó. \n\nTēⁿ Sêng-kong ê lām-tūi khai-sí tōa-kui-bô͘ hong-chà siâⁿ-pó; teng-lio̍k pō͘-tūi siūⁿ-beh chhiong-kek siâⁿ-pó, tān-sī siong-bông chhám-tiōng, chí-hó thè--tńg-lâi. Tēⁿ Sêng-kong in-chhú ōaⁿ chiàn-su̍t, pau-ûi siâⁿ-pó m̄ chìn-kong. 5 ge̍h 28 hō, ûi-siâⁿ ê siau-sit thoân khì Batavia, kong-si koat-tēng phài chi̍t-ki 10 tiâu chûn kah 700 ūi chúi-siú ê lām-tūi chiong siâⁿ-pó toa̍t--tò-lâi. Chit-ki lām-tūi 7 ge̍h 5 hō kàu, jiân-āu kah Tēⁿ Sêng-kong ê lām-tūi ū sió-kui-bô͘ ê tùi-sī. \n\n7 ge̍h 23 hō, nn̄g-pêng khai-sí sio-phah. Hô-lân lām-tūi siūⁿ-beh chhiong-chhut hong-só, tān-sī hō͘ Tēⁿ-kun lām-tūi chó͘-chí. Chit-tiûⁿ sió kui-bô͘ ê kau-chiàn chi-āu, Hô-lân lām-tūi ū nn̄g-chiah chûn bi̍t lo̍h-khì chúi-té, saⁿ-chiah sió-chûn hō͘-lâng lia̍h-khì, 130 lâng sí-bông, chí-hó thiat-thè. 10 ge̍h Hô-lân lâng koh-chài chhì-tio̍h beh phò-hoāi pau-ûi, tān-sī hō͘ ûi-siâⁿ pō͘-tūi kek-thè. Chit-tiûⁿ sèng-lī, kah ùi hō͘ Hô-lân lâng ûi-khì ê Ji̍t-ní-bān kò͘-iông peng hiah lâi ê siâⁿ-pó lāi sū-khì kē ê siau-sit tàu-tīn, hō͘ Tēⁿ Sêng-kong koat-tēng tī 12 ge̍h tùi siâⁿ-pó chìn-hêng chòe-āu chi̍t-pái sit-pāi ê kong-kek. \n\nKun-kù Coyett tī ûi-siâⁿ í-āu siá ê ūi ka-kī piān-hō͘ ê kì-lio̍k, tī 1662 nî 1 ge̍h, chi̍t-ūi miâ kiò Hans Jurgen Radis ê Hô-lân pōe-poān-chiá tùi Tēⁿ Sêng-kong thê-kiong liáu chit-tiâu án-chóaⁿ ùi chi̍t-ê in hut-sī ê tiau-pó lâi chiàm-niá kui-ê siâⁿ-pó ê chin iàu-hāi ê kiàn-gī. Tēⁿ Sêng-kong thiaⁿ i ê kiàn-gī, chi̍t-kang í-āu, hit-ê tiau-pó hō͘ in chiàm-niá. Chit-tiâu koan-û Hô-lân pōe-poān-chiá ê kì-lio̍k kan-na tī Coyett ê hôe-ek-lio̍k tiong chhut-hiān, tī tn̂g-lâng chiah chhē-bô. \n\n1662 nî 1 ge̍h 12 hō, Tēⁿ Sêng-kong ê lām-tūi koh-chài khai-sí hong-chà, siâng-sî teng-lio̍k ê pō͘-tūi chún-pī koh-chài khai-sí kong-kek. In-ūi pó͘-kip lú lâi lú chió, jî-chhiáⁿ kun-pún bô cheng-oān ê hi-bāng, Coyett chòe-āu seng pe̍h-kî, kah Tēⁿ Sêng-kong chham-siông tâu-hâng ê tiâu-kiāⁿ. 2 ge̍h 1 hō tâu-hâng oân-sêng, chhun-ê Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si jîn-oân tī 2 ge̍h 17 hō lî-khui Tâi-oân. Só͘-ū lâng lóng ē-tàng the̍h-tio̍h in ê châi-sán kah ū-kàu ê pó͘-kip lî-khui. \n\n### Tâi-oân Goân-chū-bîn\n\nTī 1652 nî Koeh Hoâi-it Sū-kiāⁿ (郭懷一事件) tiong kā Hô-lân-lâng tàu-saⁿ-kāng phah tn̂g-lâng ê Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn pō͘-lo̍k chit-pái tian-tò kah Tēⁿ Sêng-kong tàu-tīn phah Hô-lân lâng--ah. Sinkan lâng tī Tēⁿ Sêng-kong tùi in thê-kiong pó-hō͘ í-āu ka-ji̍p Tēⁿ-kun, tī chhú-koat Hô-lân lâng sî thâi-thâu. Tī 1661 nî 5 ge̍h 17 hō, Chiân-sòaⁿ ê Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k kah Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k mā tâu-hâng Tēⁿ-kun. Ūi khèng-chiok in put-chài su-iàu chiap-siū Hô-lân lâng ê kàu-io̍k, in khì lia̍h hô-lân-lâng, thâi in ê thâu, jî-chhiáⁿ chiong in ê ki-tok-kàu kà-chheh hìⁿ-sak.\n\nKiat-kó\n-------\n\nTēⁿ Sêng-kong kah Hô-lân tāi-piáu ê tâng-siōng, tī Chhiah-khàm-lâu, iā tō-sī Phó͘-lô-bîn-jia Siâⁿ (普羅民遮城)\nKàu Jakarta í-āu, Coyett hō͘ lâng koaiⁿ ji̍p-khì kaⁿ-lô lāi-tóe 3 nî, in-ūi sit-khì kù-tiám kah tin-kùi mi̍h-kiāⁿ hông sio-kò poān-kok-chōe. Kiat-kó i hō͘ lâng sià-bián, m̄-koh liû-hòng khì Banda kûn-tó siōng tang-hong ê Rosengain-tó. Chòe-āu in-ūi in ka-cho̍k kah pêng-iú kiông-le̍k iû-soeh, i tī 1674 nî hông sek-hòng. 1675 nî I chhut-pán liáu chi̍t-pún kiò *Ûi-sit ê Tâi-oân* (Hô-lân-gí: 't Verwaerloosde Formosa) ê chheh. Tī chheh-lāi i ūi ka-kī tī Tâi-oân ê hêng-ûi piān-hō͘, chek-pī kong-si hut-sī i su-iàu oān-chō͘ ê chhéng-kiû. \n\nSit-khì tī Tâi-oân ê kù-tiám í-āu, Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si ū chin-chōe-pái siūⁿ-beh tiông-sin chiàm-niá Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ, sīm-chì kah Chheng-kok liân-bêng lâi kah Tēⁿ-kun lām-tūi sio-phah. I chiàm-niá pak Tâi-oân ê Ke-lang, tān-sī in-ūi bu̍t-chu ūn-su khùn-lân, jî-chhiáⁿ Chheng-kok lām-tūi tī Tēⁿ-kun láu-liān ê chúi-siú hiah sit-pāi chin-chōe-táu, chí-hó hòng-khì chit-ê só͘-chāi.\n\n### Hô-lân Kaⁿ-siû\n\n1635 nî Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ ê ūi-tô͘. Lâi-chū Hô-lân Hague Kok-ka Tóng-àn-koán.\nÛi-siâⁿ sî Tēⁿ-kun chiong Hô-lân cha-bó͘-lâng kah gín-á koaiⁿ-ji̍p-khì kaⁿ-lô. Hô-lân thoân-kàu-sū Hoān-bû-jû-khu, in bó͘ kah in nn̄g-ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ tō tī kî-tiong. Tēⁿ Sêng-kong phài Hoān-bû-jû-khu khì Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ, iau-kiû i khì soeh-ho̍k Hô-lân-lâng tâu-hâng, nā-bô tō tī i tńg-lâi sî-chūn chiong i thâi-sí. Hoān-bû-jû-khu ji̍p-khì chit-chō ū i lēng-gōa nn̄g-ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ ê siâⁿ-pó, kiò in mài tâu-hâng, jiân-āu tńg-khì Tēⁿ Sêng-kong ê iâⁿ. I hō͘ Tēⁿ Sêng-kong thâi-thâu, jî-chhiáⁿ tī Tēⁿ-kun lāi-tóe ū iâu-giân kóng Hô-lân-lâng kó͘-lē Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn thâi tn̂g-lâng, só͘-í ūi-liáu pò-oan, Tēⁿ Sêng-kong bēng-lēng tōa-kui-bô͘ thâi kaⁿ-lô tiong ê Hô-lân ta-po͘-lâng. Chhun-ê Hô-lân cha-bó͘-lâng kah gín-á koaiⁿ chòe kaⁿ-siû. Ū iâu-giân kóng Tēⁿ Sêng-kong chhōa Hoān-bû-jû-khu ê sòe-hàn cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ chòe sòe-î , jî-chhiáⁿ Hô-lân cha-bó͘-lâng lóng bōe hō͘ Tēⁿ-kun ê peng, chhōa chòe bó͘. Hô-lân siâⁿ-pó ê ji̍t-kì tō ū kóng \"siōng-hó ê (cha-bó͘) lâu hō͘ tiúⁿ-koaⁿ, chhun-ê bōe hō͘ peng\".\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n### Su-chì\n\n* Andrade, Tonio (2008). \"Chapter 11: The Fall of Dutch Taiwan\". *How Taiwan Became Chinese : Dutch, Spanish and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century*. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231128551.\n* Campbell, William (1903). \"Explanatory Notes\". *Formosa under the Dutch: described from contemporary records, with explanatory notes and a bibliography of the island*. London: Kegan Paul. OCLC 644323041.\n* Coyett, Frederick (1903) [First published 1675 in *'t verwaerloosde Formosa*]. \"Arrival and Victory of Koxinga\". Chū Campbell, William. *Formosa under the Dutch: described from contemporary records, with explanatory notes and a bibliography of the island*. London: Kegan Paul. pp. 412–459. LCCN 04007338.\n* Davidson, James W. (1903). \"Chapter III: Formosa under the Dutch 1644-1661\". *The island of Formosa, past and present: History, people, resources, and commercial prospects. Tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions*. London and New York: Macmillan. LCCN 03022967. OL 6931635M.\n* Lach, Donald F.; Kley, Edwin J. Van (1998). *Asia in the Making of Europe: A Century of Advance : East Asia*. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226467694. 2010-06-28 khòaⁿ--ê.\n* Manthorpe, Jonathan (2009). *Forbidden nation : a history of Taiwan* (1st Palgrave Macmillan pbk. pán.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0230614246.\n* Struve, Lynn A. (1998). *Voices from the Ming-Qing cataclysm: China in tigers' jaws*. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300075537. 2010-06-28 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n### Chù-kha\n\n1. ↑ 盧建榮 (1999). 入侵台灣：烽火家國四百年 (ēng Hôa-gí). Taipei: 麥田出版. ISBN 957708916X.\n2. ↑ Andrade (2008), §15.\n3. ↑ \"Treaty between Koxinga and the Dutch Government\". *www.taiwandocuments.org*.\n4. ↑ Coyett (1903), pp. 455-456.\n5. ↑ Campbell (1903), p. 544.\n6. ↑ Coyett (1903), p. 421.\n7. ↑ Lach & Kley (1998), pp. 18-21.\n8. ↑ Davidson (1903), p. 38.\n9. 1 2 Andrade (2008).\n10. ↑ Struve (1998), p. 232.\n11. ↑ Covell, Ralph R. (1998). *Pentecost of the Hills in Taiwan: The Christian Faith Among the Original Inhabitants* (illustrated pán.). Hope Publishing House. pp. 96–97. ISBN 0932727905. December 10, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.\n12. ↑ Hsin-Hui, Chiu (2008). *The Colonial 'civilizing Process' in Dutch Formosa: 1624 - 1662*. Volume 10 of TANAP monographs on the history of the Asian-European interaction (illustrated pán.). BRILL. p. 222. ISBN 900416507X. December 10, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.\n13. ↑ Moffett, Samuel H. (1998). *A History of Christianity in Asia: 1500-1900*. Bishop Henry McNeal Turner Studies in North American Black Religion Series. Volume 2 of A History of Christianity in Asia: 1500-1900. Volume 2 (2, illustrated, reprint pán.). Orbis Books. p. 222. ISBN 1570754500. December 10, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.\n14. ↑ Moffett, Samuel H. (2005). *A history of Christianity in Asia, Volume 2* (2 pán.). Orbis Books. p. 222. ISBN 1570754500. December 10, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.\n15. ↑ *Free China Review, Volume 11*. W.Y. Tsao. 1961. p. 54. December 10, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nSiong-koan sû-tiâu\n------------------\n\n* O-lân Liân-ha̍p Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si\n* Frederick Coyett\n* Tēⁿ Sêng-kong\n* Tang-lêng-kok\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Tô͘-su-koán chu-goân about **Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ Pau-ûi-chiàn** \n\n---\n\n |\n| * Lí-ê tô͘-chu-koán chu-goân\n* Kî-thaⁿ tô͘-chu-koán chu-goân\n |\n\n* Koxinga - the Cheng Family History: The Hambroek affair (Eng-gí)\n* Koxinga - the Tamtsui History: The Hambroek affair (Eng-gí)\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Hô-lân léng Formosa (1624–1662) |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Cho͘-chit | \n* Hô-lân Liân-ha̍p Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si\n\n | |\n| |\n| Tāi-chì | \n* Liāu-lô-oan Hái-chiàn [en]\n* Pêng-tiāⁿ Formosa\n* Lamey Tó Sū-kiāⁿ [en]\n* Koeh Hoâi-it chi loān [en]\n* Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ Pau-ûi-chiàn\n\n |\n| |\n| Só͘-chāi | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Hiuⁿ-siā | \n* Bakloan\n* Dalivo\n* Favorlang\n* Kelang\n* Longkiau\n* Mattau\n* Pangsoia\n* Pimaba\n* Sakam\n* Sinkan\n* Soulang\n* Tampsuy\n* Tamsuy\n* Tevorang\n* Tirosen\n\n |\n| |\n| Siâⁿ | \n* Phêⁿ-ô͘-siâⁿ [en]\n* Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ\n* Phó͘-lô-bîn-jia Siâⁿ\n* Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Jîn-bu̍t | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tióng-koaⁿ | \n* Martinus Sonck\n* Gerard Frederikszoon de With\n* Pieter Nuyts\n* Hans Putmans\n* Johan van der Burg\n* Paulus Traudenius\n* Maximilian le Maire\n* François Caron\n* Pieter Anthoniszoon Overtwater\n* Nicolas Verburg\n* Cornelis Caesar\n* Frederick Coyett\n\n |\n| |\n| Thoân-kàu-sū | \n* George Candidius\n* Daniel Gravius\n* Antonius Hambroek\n* Gilbertus Happart\n* Robert Junius\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | \n* Tēⁿ Chi-liông\n* Tēⁿ Sêng-kong\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ Pau-ûi-chiàn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[4039,12634,0.3196928921956625],"infobox":["
    Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ Pau-ûi Chiàn

    Hô-lân-lâng kiàn ê Tâi-oân Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ
    Sî-kan1661 nî 3 goe̍h 30 ji̍t - 1662 nî 2 goe̍h 1 ji̍t
    Tē-tiám
    kin-á-ji̍t Tâi-oân ê Tâi-lâm
    Kiat-kó\nTēⁿ Sêng-kong chiàm-léng Tâi-oân, kiàn-li̍p Tang-lêng-kok.
    Kau-chiàn-hong
    \nTang-lêng-kok\nO-lân Liân-ha̍p Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si
    Chí-hui-koaⁿ kap léng-tō-chiá
    \nTēⁿ Sêng-kong\nFrederick Coyett \"Tâu-hâng\"
    Peng-le̍k
    \n25,000\n1,200
    Sí-siong
    \n9000 lâng sí\n1,600 lâng sí
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":14904}} -{"text":"1860 nî-tāi ê koè-oē\n**Siong-phok** (Ji̍t-gí: 相撲 *sumô*), Tâi-gí ū kóng **sú-mo͘h**, sī 1 khoán sio-ián, Ji̍t-pún ê 1 chióng kok-ka bú-tō ia̍h thé-io̍k ūn-tōng. Siong-phok ê lâng hō chò la̍t-sū (力士), 1 pái 2 ê tī 1 ê îⁿ tiâⁿ lāi-bīn tàu-sè. Siong-phok siōng bô ū sò͘ pah tang ê le̍k-sú; hiān-tāi ê sio-ián iû-goân toè chin chē thoân-thóng kap chong-kàu lé-sek.\n\nSiong-phok ê chhâi-phòaⁿ-koaⁿ hō chò hêng-si (行司). I ê ke-si pau-hâm 1 sìⁿ kó͘-á-sìⁿ (Ji̍t-gí: 軍配); che ū iōng lâi kí ǹg kî-tiong 1 ê la̍t-sū, piáu-sī hit pêng sè iâⁿ.\n\nLa̍t-sū ē-sái sái chin chē pō͘-sò͘, chhiūⁿ kóng kau-kha. \n\nTāi Siong-phok ê tiûⁿ-bīn\nJi̍t-pún Siong-phok Hia̍p-hōe chú-pān ê siong-phok pí-sài hō chò Tāi Siong-phok.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Ogawa Naoyosi, pian. (1931). \"saⁿ-ián\". *Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten* 臺日大辭典 [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*] (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí).\n2. ↑ Ogawa Naoyosi, pian. (1931). \"kó͘-á-sìⁿ\". *Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten* 臺日大辭典 [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*] (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí).\n3. ↑ Ogawa Naoyosi, pian. (1931). \"kau-kha\". *Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten* 臺日大辭典 [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*] (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí).\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:Sumo*** |","meta":{"title":"Siong-phok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[395,1100,0.35909090909090907],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1365}} -{"text":"\n**Michael Crichton** (1942 nî 10 goe̍h 23 ji̍t – 2008 nî 11 goe̍h 4 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê chok-ka, chè-phìⁿ, tō-ián kiam i-seng. I ê kho-ki khióng-pò͘ ia̍h i-ha̍k siáu-soat chin ū-miâ, chhin-chhiūⁿ *Congo*, *State of Fear*, *Prey*, *Next* chham *Jurassic Park* téng-téng, ū-ê koh phah-chòe tiān-iáⁿ. Chhú-gōa, Michael Crichton mā-sī tiān-sī-kio̍k *ER* ê chhòng-chok-jîn.\n\nMichael Crichton in-ūi gâm-chèng, tī Los Angeles kòe-sin.\n\nChhut-sin\n---------\n\nJohn Michael Crichton tiām 1942 nî 10 goe̍h 23 tī Chicago siâⁿ chhut-sì, pē-bú sī John Henderson Crichton kap Zula Miller Crichton. I sī ùi New York ê Long Island tē-hng tòa-hàn, chêng sè-hàn to̍h hèng-chhú siá bûn-chiong, pat tī *The New York Times* hoat-piáu.\n\nSiáu-soat\n---------\n\n### *Jurassic Park*\n\n1990 nî, i chhut-pán siáu-soat *Jurassic Park*. Kap chìn-chêng chi̍t kóa chok-phín sio-siâng, i ēng chi̍t khoán \"hi-kò͘ tòng sū-si̍t\" (*fiction as fact*) ê lí-lō͘ siá kò͘-sū. Lī-ēng loān-cha̍p lí-lūn (*chaos theory*) tī kò͘-sū tang-tiong ké-soeh sū-kiāⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Michael Crichton","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,912,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1113}} -{"text":"**Oa̍t-lâm iōng Latin-jī ê le̍k-sú**\n\n1600 nî chhe - Hoat-kok lâng thoân-kàu-sū khai-sí tōa-liōng lâi tī Oa̍t-lâm.\n\n1624 nî - Hoat-kok Iâ-so·-hoē thoân-kàu-sū Alexandre de Rhodes lâi kàu Oa̍t-lâm. Hit sî-chūn í-keng ū Oa̍t-lâm-oē ê lô-má-jī.\n\n1651 nî - De Rhodes chéng-lí chhut tē 1-thò khah oân-chéng ê Oa̍t-lâm lô-má-jī hē-thóng. Chit thò hē-thóng chin oá Oa̍t-lâm-oē ê im-sò· hē-thóng (phonemic) (chhin-chhiūⁿ Tâi-gí lô-má-jī). Jī-bó sú-iōng 2-chióng khu-pia̍t kì-hō (diacritics): 1-chióng iōng lâi kì siaⁿ-tiāu, lēng-gōa 1-chióng iōng lâi kì bó-im. (Pe̍h-oē-jī kan-na ū tē 1-chióng kì-hō.) De Rhodes ê hē-thóng ki-pún-siōng kàu taⁿ lóng bô-piàn. Lô-má-jī goân-lâi sī siat-kè hō· thoân-kàu-su ka-kī iōng--ê, só·-í sui-jiân hit sî-chūn ū chhut lô-má-jī ê chheh (thoân-kàu iōng), tāi pō·-hūn ê Oât-lâm-lâng pēng bô tha̍k--tio̍h. Thoân-kàu-su mā bô àn-sǹg kà in lô-má-jī. (Bat jī ê Oât-lâm-lâng iōng Tiong-kok jī, Hàn-jī). Khó-lêng ma ū lâng khai-sí iōng Hoat-bûn.\n\n1864 nî - Hái-kun su-lēng de la Grandiere bēng-lēng só·-ū tī Hoat-kok lâng thóng-tī hōan-ûi í-lāi ê sió-ha̍k lóng ài kà lô-má-jī. (Thóng-tī hōan-ûi chú-iàu sī Oa̍t-lâm lâm-pō·)\n\n1865 nî - Hoat-kok thóng-tī-chiá hùi-tiāu Tiong-kok thoân lâi ê kho-kí chè-tō·.\n\n1860 - 1870 nî-tāi - Ūi beh chhui-kóng Oa̍t-lâm lô-má-jī, Trương Vĩnh Ký (1837-1898) iōng 10-gōa-tang ê sî-kan khì siá 70-pún í-siōng ê chheh. Hit sî-chūn lô-má-jī í-keng ū 1 ê miâ, hō·-chò Quốc Ngữ, ì-sù sī *kok-gí*. Truong só· siá ê chheh pau-koat jī-tián, it-poaⁿ kàu-châi, bûn-hoat kàu-châi kap hoan-e̍k ê gōa-kok chheh; lāi-iông pau-koat le̍k-sú, bûn-ha̍k, thiat-ha̍k. Àn-sǹg beh hō· Quốc Ngữ piàn-sêng Oa̍t-lâm chú-iàu ê bûn-jī; i kám-kak Hoat-kok-jī kap Tiong-kok-jī lóng bōe-tàng chò Oa̍t-lâm ê bûn-jī. Siâng-hit-sî ū pa̍t-lâng teh chò kî-thaⁿ ê khang-khòe, pau-koat kā kó·-chá ê kò·-sū kap koa-iâu iōng lô-má-jī têng siá--kòe. Bûn-hiàn kap Sèng-keng mā ū iōng lô-má-jī têng siá--kòe. Tān-sī tī tāi-chiòng ê sim-koaⁿ-lāi, Quốc Ngữ ê tē-ūi iu-goân sī chin kē. Iōng beh chheng-nî ê Tiong-kok-jī chiah sī chiàⁿ-káng ê bûn-jī (sui-jiân chin chē lâng pēng m̄-bat hàn-jī).\n\n1867 nî - Tì-sek hūn-chú -- siōng thih-khí hoán-tùi lô-má-jī ê lâng (mā sī siōng chia̍p sú-iōng Tiong-kok-jī ê lâng) -- thê-chhut \"Quoc am Han tu\" chit ê siūⁿ-hoat. Quoc am Han tu ki-pún-siōng sī iōng hàn-jī lâi tāi-piáu Oa̍t-lâm im. Chit ê kò·-sióng bô kiat-kó. (?= chữ nôm )\n\n1882 nî - Hoat-kok thóng-tī-chiá chí-tēng só·-ū ê koaⁿ-hong bûn-hiàn lóng tio̍h ū Quốc Ngữ pán. (Tāi-pō·-hūn ê Oa̍t-lâm-lâng iu-goân sī kā Quốc Ngữ tòng-chò sī thóng-tī-chiá ê kang-khū.)\n\n1907 nî - Hoán si̍t-bîn ê léng-tō-chiá chi-it Phau Boi Chau siá 1-phiⁿ sàn-bûn kiò chò \"Sin ê Oa̍t-lâm\". I tī bûn-chiong lāi-bīn chi-chhî iōng Quốc Ngữ lâi chò ki-pún kàu-io̍k. Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ tāi-piáu tì-sek hūn-chú tùi Quốc Ngữ ê sin khòaⁿ-hoat, mā tāi-piáu lô-má-jī tī bîn-cho̍k ūn-tōng lāi-bīn ê sin kak-sek. Phau siá kóng: \"Oa̍t-lâm nā kè-sio̍k iōng Tiong-kok-jī chiū bô oa̍h-lō·\" [\"Vietnam cannot be saved without getting rid of Chinese characters.\"]\n\n1905~1918 nî - 16-hūn sin ê lô-má-jī khan-bu̍t chhòng-khan. Chìn-chêng kan-na ū 5-hūn sin khan-bu̍t.\n\n1925~1930 nî - 35-chióng lô-má-jī khan-bu̍t chhut-pán ah; tē it-pún lô-má-jī sió-soat chhut-pán.\n\n1930 nî - Khan-bu̍t í-keng ū 75-hūn í-siōng.\n\n1945 nî - Oa̍t-lâm to̍k-li̍p. Kàu-taⁿ ū 490-hūn khan-bu̍t hām 400-pún í-siōng ê sió-soat. (Kāng-toāⁿ sî-kan ū 780-pún Hoat-gí ê sió-soat.) Sin ê Kiōng-sán chèng-hú chhui-sak lô-má-jī.\n\n1945 nî í-aū - Hàn-jī kan-na chió pō·-hūn ê ha̍k-chiá khòaⁿ bat, chóng--sī oan-na ū pó-chûn hàn-jī lâi chò ge̍-su̍t-phín. Kū bûn-ha̍k (hàn-bûn) í-keng hòng-khì. Quốc Ngữ sú-iōng tī múi 1-ê kàu-io̍k kái-chân. Chin chē sin ê miâ-sû oan-na kè-sio̍k tùi Tiong-bûn chioh kòe lâi iōng.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* Defrancis, John. 1977. *Colonialism and language policy in Vietnam* [Tī Oa̍t-lâm ê si̍t-bîn chú-gī kap gí-giân chèng-chhek]. Mouton.","meta":{"title":"Oa̍t-lâm iōng Latin-jī ê le̍k-sú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[121,3795,0.03188405797101449],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4443}} -{"text":"Tē-lí-ha̍k ê **tāi-lio̍k** chí tē-kiû ê tōa tè tē. It-poaⁿ lâi kóng, 1 ê tāi-lio̍k tio̍h ū tōa ê bīn-chek, tē èng-kai tī chúi-bīn téng-koân, piⁿ-kài ài ū tē-lí siōng ê ì-gī. In-ūi bô kāng bûn-hoà, ha̍k-kho ū bô kāng-khoán ê phiau-chún, tàu-té ū kúi ê tāi-lio̍k pēng bô it-tēng. Ū lâng jīn-ûi ke̍k-ke ū 4~5 tè tāi-lio̍k; siōng phó·-phiàn ê sò·-bo̍k sī 6~7 ê.\n\nSiōng tōa ê cheng-gī khan-sia̍p tio̍h Europa/A-chiu kap Pak-bí-chiu/Lâm-bí-chiu. Khó-pí kóng, Europa kap A-chiu tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hō· lâng tòng-chò 1 ê Euro-a-chiu (*Eurasia*). Lâm, pak Bí-chiu mā ū lâng jīn-ûi lóng sī kāng-ê Bí-chiu tāi-lio̍k.\n\nHái-tó it-poaⁿ hō· lâng tòng-chò sī siōng kīn ê tāi-lio̍k ê 1 pō·-hūn. Só·-í Britain-tó sǹg sī Europa tāi-lio̍k ê 1 koe̍h. Hái-lâm-tó, Ji̍t-pún mā sǹg sī A-chiu tāi-lio̍k ê 1 pō·-hūn.\n\nThong-sio̍k ê chèng-tī gí-giân kóng ê Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k chí Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok si̍t-chè thóng-tī ê léng-thó·, pau-koat iân-hái koán-hat lāi ê tó-sū.\n\nTāi-lio̍k ê hun-lūi hē-thóng\n----------------------------\n\n* 7 Tāi-lio̍k: Hui-chiu, Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k, A-chiu, Australia (Oceania), Europa, Pak-bí-chiu, Lâm-bí-chiu.\n* 6 Tāi-lio̍k: Hui-chiu, Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k, Australia (Oceania), Euro-a-chiu, Pak-bí-chiu, Lâm-bí-chiu.\n* 6 Tāi-lio̍k: Hui-chiu, Bí-chiu, Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k, A-chiu, Australia (Oceania), and Europa.\n* 5 Tāi-lio̍k: Hui-chiu, Bí-chiu, Australia (Oceania), Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k, Euro-a-chiu.\n* 4 Tāi-lio̍k: Bí-chiu, Australia (Oceania), Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k, Euro-hui-a.\n\nSiong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Continents*** |\n\n* Supercontinent\n* Subcontinent\n\n \n\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTē-kiû ê tāi-lio̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| A-chiu · Au-chiu · Hui-chiu · Lâm Bí-chiu · Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k · Pak Bí-chiu · Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85031556\n* GND: 4165153-4\n* BNF: cb119817987 (data)\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tāi-lio̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[724,1726,0.41946697566628044],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2243}} -{"text":"A microscope image of an integrated circuit die used to control LCDs. The pinouts are the black circles surrounding the integrated circuit.\n**Chek-thé tiān-lō͘** (Eng-gí: *integrated circuit*, ì-sù: \"chéng-ha̍p ê tiān-lō͘\", kán-lio̍k **IC**), he̍k-chiá kóng **bî-tiān-lō͘** (*microcircuit*), **bî-cheng-phìⁿ** (*microchip*), **cheng-phìⁿ** (*chip*), tī tiān-chú-ha̍k tiong sī chi̍t chióng kā tiān-lō͘ (chú-iàu sī pòaⁿ-tō-thé chong-tì, lēng-gōa mā pau-koat pī-tōng goân-kiāⁿ téng) chi̍p-tiong chè-chō tī pòaⁿ-tō-thé cheng-îⁿ piáu-bīn siōng ê sió-hêng-hòa hong-sek.\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Media related to Integrated circuits at Wikimedia Commons\n* The first monolithic integrated circuits\n* A large chart listing ICs by generic number including access to most of the datasheets for the parts.\n* The History of the Integrated Circuit\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85067117\n* GND: 4027242-4\n* BNF: cb11931204n (data)\n* NDL: 00572448\n* NKC: ph114781\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Chek-thé tiān-lō͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[294,847,0.34710743801652894],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1104}} -{"text":"Michael Collins (1922)\n**Michael Collins** (Ài-ní-lân-gí: **Mícheál Ó Coileáin**; 1890 nî 10 goe̍h 16 ji̍t – 1922 nî 8 goe̍h 22 ji̍t) sī Ài-ní-lân ê chi̍t ūi kek-bēng-ka. Bat chò kòe Ài-ní-lân Kiōng-hô-kok ê Châi-chèng Pō͘-tiúⁿ, Ài-ní-lân Kiōng-hô Kun ê chêng-pò chú-jīm, Eng-Ài Tiâu-iok tâm-phòaⁿ ê Ài-ní-lân tāi-piáu-thoân sêng-oân, Ài-ní-lân Lîm-sî Chèng-hú chú-sek kap Ài-ní-lân Kok-bîn Kun chóng-su-lēng. I tī 1922 nî 8 goe̍h tī Ài-ní-lân Lāi-chiàn tiong sí-bông.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Michael Collins tī Internet Archive ê chok-phín\n* Information on Collins from local tour operator\n* Michael Collins Centre\n* Collins 22 Society\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 50019269\n* LCCN: n50026853\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 1639 4751\n* GND: 11866977X\n* SUDOC: 027550125\n* BNF: cb119566736 (data)\n* BIBSYS: 90953730\n* NKC: xx0151522\n* BNE: XX4950890\n* CiNii: DA17595150\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Michael Collins (chèng-tī-ka)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[312,781,0.3994878361075544],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1024}} -{"text":"Lōsiia 877 kip tshàng-kàm teh 2018-nî thong-kuè Ing-kok hái-kiap (english channel).\nTsi̍t-tsiah Kilo-kip tshâ-iû tōng-li̍k kong-kik chhàng-kàm tng-teh tsuí-bīn siong hâng-hîng.\n**Kilo-kip tshàng-kàm** (Kilo-kip tshàng-tsuí-kàm, Kilo-kip tshàng-lām, Kilo-kip tshàng-tsuí-lām, Kilo-kip chhàng-chúi-kàm, Kilo-kip chhàng-lām; Подводные лодки проекта 877 «Палтус»; Kilo-class submarine; NATO tāi-hō: Kilo) sī Lōsiia hái-kun tsiàn-āu tē-sañ-tài, bo̍k-tsîng ê tsú-li̍k diesel tshàng-tsuí-kàm. Soo-liân kuan-hong tshing-hoo tsò 877-hîng paltus. Kilo-kip king-kuè hiān-tāi-hua kái-tsong liáu-āu piàn-sîng Kilo-kip kái-liông-hîng, Lōsiia kuan-hong pian-hō 636 Varshavyanka. Ìn-tōo koh kin-kì ka-kī ê su-iàu lâi kái-tsong, liáu-āu bīng-miâ tsò Sindhughosh-kip. Kilo-kip sī bo̍k-tsîng Lōsiia tshut-káu-liông siong-tuā ê tshàng-kàm ê kip-pia̍t. Kilo-kip í hué-li̍k kiông-tāi, sok-tōokín, tshò-im tsiâñ-tsió tíng-tíng è in-sòo lâi kiàn-li̍p phín-pâi.\n\nTsū-tsiông tsiân soo-liân sîng-kong gián-tsè hi̍k-tōng-li̍k kong-kik tshàng-kàm liáu-āu, tuì it-puañ tōng-li̍k tshàng-kàm ê gián-kiù iā siong-tuì kiám-tsió bē-tsió. Tsit-le Kilo-kip tshàng-kàm sī tsiân Soo-liân tiān-teh tsit-ê kî-kan gián-tsè siong sîng-kong ê Diesel tōng-li̍k tshàng-tsuí-kàm. Kilo-kip tshàng-kàm sī-iû Âng-pó-tsio̍h siet-kè-kio̍k teh 1974-nî khai-si siat-kè, siú-kàm tī 1979-nî lo̍h-tsuí, 1982-nî ho̍k-i̍k. Kilo-kip kái-tsìn-hîng koh-khah piàn-sîng Diesel tōng-li̍k tshàng-tsuí-kàm lāi-té siong tshut-thuat ê tshàng-kàm. Kilo-kip iā sī bo̍k-tsiân sè-kài-siōng Diesel tōng-li̍k tshàng-tsuí-kàm tiong siong an-tsīng ê tshàng-kàm. Bī-lâi, Kilo-kip khó-lîng hōo Lada-kip tshàng-kàm (Lada-class submarine) lâi tāi-thè. Ia̍h-koh Kilo-kip tshàng-kàm sī Kok-îng ê Lōosiia ki-su̍t tsi̍p-thuân kong-si (Ростех) hū-tsik tshut-kháu.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ First Project 636.3 Kilo-Class Attack Sub to Enter Service With Russia's Pacific Fleet This Month – The Diplomat\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Lada-kip tshàng-kàm (Lada-class submarine)\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Kilo class submarines*** |\n\n* SSK Kilo Class (Type 636), Russian Federation(Naval technology)\n* SSK Kilo Class (Type 877EKM), Russian Federation(Naval technology)\n* \"Kilo class – Project 636\". *GlobalSecurity.org*. 24 February 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.\n* \"China Defence Today – Kilo Class Diesel-Electric Submarine\". *SinoDefence.com*. goân-loē-iông tī 23 February 2007 hőng khó͘-pih. 24 February 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.\n* \"Серия 877 Варшавянка\". *Encyclopedia of Ships (Russian language)*. 24 February 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.\n* \"Rubin\". 24 February 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.\n* \"Kilo Class \"Alrosa\" Photoalbum: **100** Photos\". *Russian Black Sea Fleet*. goân-loē-iông tī 9 December 2012 hőng khó͘-pih. 5 October 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\ntemplate:Kilo class submarine [en]\ntemplate:Soviet and Russian submarines after 1945 [en]\ntemplate:Ship classes of the Iranian Navy [en]","meta":{"title":"Kilo-kip chhàng-kàm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[799,2745,0.2910746812386157],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3195}} -{"text":"Cassini–Huygens thàm-tshik-khì ê hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo [en] huat-tiān-ki [en] tsi-it.\nNew Horizons ú-hâng-khì ê hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo huat-tiān-ki.\nAktivitätsmessungen an dem für Cassini-Huygens bestimmten Radio­isotopen­generator im Kennedy Space Center\n**Hi̍k tiān-tî** (ing-gú: nuclear battery, atomic battery (guân-tsí tiān-tî), radioisotope battery (hòng-siā-suànn tông-uī-sòo tiān-tî) hi̍k-tsiá radioisotope generator (hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo huat-tiān-ki [en])) sī tsi̍t-tsióng lī-iōng hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo [en] ê sue-piàn [en] sán-sing ê lîng-liōng í-lâi huat-tiān ê tsong-tì. Kah hi̍k huán-ìng tui [en] kāng-khuán, in lī-iōng hi̍k-lîng huat-tiān; bô kāng ê sóo-tsāi teh in bô sú-iōng liān-á sik huán-ìng [en]. Sui-jiân thong-siông kiò-tsò tiān-tî; m̄-kuh uì ki-su̍t tíng-kuân lâi-kóng in m̄ sī tiān huà-ha̍k [en], koh-lâi bē-tàng tshiong-tiān hi̍k-tsiá koh-tsài tshiong-tiān. In ke-siau tsiânn-kuân; m̄-kuh kū-iú ki̍k-tn̂g ê siū-miā hām ko lîng-liōng bi̍t-tōo [en]; in-tshú in thong-siông tsok-uî pit-su tn̂g sî-kan bô su-iàu lâng lâi khuànn-kòo ê siat-pī tsi tiān-guân; pí-jû ú-hâng-khì, sim-tsōng khí-phok-khì [en], tsuí-hā [en] hē-thóng kah teh sè-kài phian-uán tek-hu ê tsū-tōng-huà kho-ha̍k-tsām [en].\n\nHi̍k tiān-tî ki-sut khai-sí tī 1913-nî, tong-sî Henry Moseley [en] siú-tshù tián-sī tài-tiān li̍ptsí hok-siā sán-sing ê tiān-liû. Tī 1950 nî-tāi hām 1960 nî-tāi, tuì su-iàu tn̂g-siū-miā tiān-guân í-lâi buán-tsiok ú-tiū khong-kan su-kiû ê ìng-iōng, tsit-ê líng-i̍k siū-tio̍h siong-tong tshim-ji̍p ê gián-kiù kuan-tsù. Tī 1954-nî RCA ū gián-kiù iōng-teh sió-hîng bô-suànn-tiān tsiap-siū-khì hām tsoo-thiann-khì ê sió-hîng guân-tsí tiān-tî. Uì 50nî-tāi tshe RCA ê tshoo-pōo gián-kiù hām khai-huat í-lâi, í-king siat-kè tsiânn-tsē luī-hîng hām hong-huat lâi uì hi̍k-guân tang-tiong thê-tshú tiān-lîng. Kho-ha̍k guân-lí ta̍k-ke lóng tsai-á; m̄-kuh hiān-tāi nano-kip ki-su̍t hām sin-hîng khuan lîng-khik puànn-tō-thé [en] tshòng-tsō í-tsîng lóng-bô ê sin siat-pī kah ū tshù-bī ê tsâi-liāu ti̍k-sìng.\n\nHi̍k tiān-tî ē-tàng àn lîng-liōng tsuán-uānn [en] ki-su̍t hun-tsò nn̄g-tuā-luī: jia̍t tsuán-uānn-khì hām hui jia̍t tsuán-uānn-khì. Jia̍t luī-hîng kā hi̍k sue-piàn sán-sing ê tsi̍t-kuá jia̍t-liōng tsuán-huà tsò tiān-lîng. Siōng ū-miâ ê huān-lē sī Hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo jia̍t-tiān huat-tiān-ki [en] (RTG), thong-siông iōng-th hâng-ú–khì tíng-kuân. Hui jia̍t tsuán-uānn-khì ti̍t-tsiap uì huat-siā tang-tiong thê-tshú lîng-liōng; jiân-āu koh-kā i kàng-kái tsò lîng-liōng. In koh-khah iông-ī sió-hîng-huà pīng-tshiánn bô-su-iàu jia̍t the-tōo lâi ūn-hîng; in-tshú in sik-ha̍p teh sió-kui-bôo ìng-iōng tiong sú-iōng. Siōng tshut-miâ ê huān-lē sī Siā-suànn tiān-tî [en]. Hi̍k tiān-tî ê hāu-lut thong-siông uî 0.1-5%. Ko hāu-lu̍t ê Siā-suànn tiān-tî [en] ē-tàng ta̍t-kàu 6–8% ê hāu-lu̍t.\n\nJia̍t tsuán-uānn\n----------------\n\nSchnittbild durch ein RHU-Heizelement\n### Jia̍t tiān-tsí tsuán-uānn\n\nTeilschnitt-Darstellung eines ASRG (Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator)\nJia̍t lî-tsí tsuán-uānn-khì [en] iû jia̍t tiān-ki̍k tsoo-sîng ê. Tsit-ê jia̍t tiān-ki̍k thong-kuè khong-kan tiān-hô sè-luí kā tiān-tsí jia̍t huat-siā kàu khah líng ê tiān-ki̍k; tsiū-án-ne sán-sing ū-iōng ê kong-lu̍t su-tshut. Caesium tsing-khì iōng-teh iu-huà tiān-ki̍k kong hâm-sòo [en]; pīng-tshiánn thê-kiong lî-tsí kiong-ìng (thong-kuè piáu-bīn jia̍t tiān-lî [en]) í-lâi tiong-hô tiān-tsí khong-kan tiān-hô [en].\n\n### Jia̍t-tiān tsuán-uānn\n\nGuân-tsú-lîng uí-uân-huē tng-teh khai-huat í hòng-siā-suànn tông-uī-sòo uî tōng-li̍k ê sim-tsōng khí-phok-khì, kè-uē iōng-teh tshì-khik tshut-hiān kòo-tsiong ê sim-tsōng me̍h-tōng tsi tōng-tsok, tāi-iok tī 1967-nî.\nHòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo jia̍t-tiān huat-tiān-ki [en] (RTG) sú-iōng jia̍t-tiān-ngóo. Ta̍k ê jia̍t-tiān-ngóo sī-iû nńg-ki bô kâng ê kim-sio̍k (hi̍k-tsiá kî-thann tsâi-liāu) ê tō-suànn sóo tsoo-sîng ê. Ên-tio̍h ta̍k ki tō-suànn tn̂g-tōo ê un-tōo the-tōo ē sán-sing uì tō-suànn it-tuan kàu līng-guā it-tuan ê tiān-ap the-tōo; M̄-kuh bô kāng-khuán ê tsâi-liāu ta̍k tōo un-tsha sán-sing bô kāng-khuán ê tiān-ap. Thong-kuè it-tuan liân-tsiap tiān-suànn, ka jia̍t tsit-tuan m̄-koh líng-khiok teh līng-guā it-tuan; teh bī liân-tsiap ê tiān-suànn tuan tsi-kan sán-sing ē-tàng sú-iōng m̄-kuh tsiânn-sè (mv) ê tiān-ap. Teh si̍t-tsiān tang-tiong, tsiânn-tsē tshuàn-liân (hi̍k-tsiá pīng-liân) liân-tsiap í-lâi ui kâng tsi̍t-ê jia̍t-guân sán-sing koh-khah tuā ê tiān-ap (hi̍k-tsiá tiān-liû); in-uī jia̍t-liōng uì jia̍t-tuānn lâu-hiòng líng-tuānn. Kim-sio̍k jia̍t tiān-ngóo ê jia̍t diān hāu-lut kē. M̄-kuh, ē-tàng tiâu-tsíng puànn-tō-thé tsâi-liāu (pí-jū bismuth telluride [en] hām silicon–germanium [en]) lāi-té ê tsiat-liû-tsí bi̍t-tōo hām diān-hô, í-lâi si̍t-hiān koh khah kuân ê tsuán-uānn hāu-lut.\n\n### Jia̍t kong-ho̍k tsuán-uānn\n\nJia̍t-kong-ho̍k lîng-liōng tsuán-uānn [en] (TPV) tiān-tî ê kang-tsok guân-líkah kong-ho̍k tiān-tî sio-kâng, kan-na i sī kā jia̍t piáu-bīn huat-tshut ê âng-guā-suànn (jî m̄ sī khó-kiàn kong) tsuán-huà tsò tiān-lîng. Jia̍t kong-ho̍k tiān-tî ê hāu-lu̍t sió-khuá-á khah kuân jia̍t tiān-ngóo; pīng-tshiánn ē-tàng tha̍h-ka teh jia̍t tiān-ngóo tíng-kuân, ū khó-lîng hōo hāu-lu̍t thek-o tsi̍t-puē. Houston tāi-ha̍k TPV hòng-siā-suànn tông-uī-sòo kong-lu̍t tsuán-uānn ki-su̍t ê khai-huat kang-tsok tsú-iàu teh kā jia̍t kong-ho̍k tiān-tî kah jia̍t tiān-ngóo kiat-ha̍p khí-lâi, hōo hē-thóng hāu-lu̍t pí bo̍k-tsiân ê jia̍t tiān hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo [en] huat-tiān-ki thê-ko 3 kàu 4 puē.\n\n### Stirling huat-tiān-ki\n\nStirling hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo hua-tian-ki [en] sī-iû hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo [en] sán-sing ê un-tsha khu-tōng tio̍h Stirling e̋n-jín [en]. NASA tng-teh khai-huat koh-khah ko hāu-lîng ê sian-tsìn Stirling hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo huat-tiān-ki [en]; m̄-kuh iû-î tuā kui-bôo sîng-pún ê tshiau-tsi, tō-teh 2013-nî hông tshú-siau.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"A nuclear battery the size and thickness of a penny\". *Gizmag*, 9 October 2009. (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ \"Tiny 'nuclear batteries' unveiled\". *BBC News*, Thursday, 8 October 2009. (Eng-gí)\n3. ↑ \"Atomic Battery Converts Radioactivity Directly Into Electricity\". *Popular Mechanics*, April 1954, p. 87. (Eng-gí)\n4. ↑ \"Thermoelectric Generators\". *electronicbus.com*. goân-loē-iông tī 10 January 2016 hőng khó͘-pih. 23 February 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n5. ↑ Fitzpatrick, G. O. (19 May 1987). \"Thermionic converter\". OSTI 6377296.  (Eng-gí)\n6. ↑ McCoy, J.C (October 1995). \"An overview of the Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator Transportation System Program\". OSTI 168371.  (Eng-gí)\n7. ↑ The ASRG Cancellation in Context Future Planetary Exploration (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* List of battery types\n* Button cell\n* Induced gamma emission from long-lived excited nuclei of specific nuclear isomers.\n* Radioisotope heater unit\n* Radioisotope rocket and nuclear electric rocket\n* University of Missouri\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Betavoltaic Historical Review\n* Cantilever Electromechanical Atomic Battery\n* Types of Radioisotopic Batteries\n* Americium Battery Concept Proposed for Space Applications- TFOT article\n* Nuclear Batteries (25 MW)\n* Tiny 'nuclear batteries' unveiled, BBC article about the research of Jae Wan Kwon et al. from the University of Missouri.\n\ntemplate:Galvanic cells [en]\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85092946\n* GND: 4162576-6\n* NDL: 00575216\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"He̍k tiān-tî","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1174,7027,0.16706987334566673],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8148}} -{"text":"\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Mô͘-se Gō͘ Keng |\n| Chhòng-sè-kì |\n| Chhut-Ai-ki̍p-kì |\n| Lī-bī-kì |\n| Bîn-sò͘-kì |\n| Sin-bēng-kì |\n| |\n\n**Bîn-sò͘-kì**(民數記) ia̍h-sī **Bîn-sò͘ Kì-lio̍k** (民數記錄), í tiám-sòan Sîn ê chú-\"*bîn*\" ê \"*sò͘*\" ba̍k lî tit-miâ. Kì-chài Í-sek-lia̍t-lâng lî-khui Se-nái-soaⁿ, lâi-kàu Sîn sù ná thó-tī ê tang-pō• pian-kài ê le̍k-sú. Pún-su ê í le̍k-sú sū-kiāⁿ iú-koan chek koan-î jîn-kháu phó͘-cha. kî-tiong biâu-siá Í-sek-lia̍t-lâng chāi cho-gū khùn-lân sî, siâng-siâng hōe hoe-sim, ū khióng-khū-kám, pēng-chhiáⁿ pōe-pōan Sîn, bâi-òan Sîn só͘ chhe-phài lâi léng-tō tá-men ê léng-siù Mô͘-se. Che sī chi̍t-pún su̍t-soat Sîn sìn-si̍t ê su. Sui-jiân Í-sek-lia̍t-lâng siông-siông ùi-siok put chêng, ûi-khòng bēng-lēng, tān-sī Sîn sí-chiong kòan-kò͘ tá-men. Pún-su iā-sī thê-kàu Mô͘-se ê phín-chit. I lān-bián ū-sî sit-tiāu nāi-sèng, khiok-sī lêng kian-tēng put-î, sí-chiong jia̍t-ài Sîn, lia̍t-ài jîn-bîn.","meta":{"title":"Bîn-sò͘-kì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[86,880,0.09772727272727273],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1045}} -{"text":"Peh-go̍eh-cheh ê go̍eh-niû.\n**Peh-go̍eh-cheh**/**Peh-ge̍h-cheh** sī tang-a tē-khu ê chi̍t-ê cheh-ji̍t. Sî-kan sī kū-le̍k 8 go̍eh 15. Àn Hôa-jîn ê thôan-thóng, tī chit-kang, chhin-chiâⁿ pêng-iú ē sio-chio khì hó hong-kéng ê só·-chāi ta̍k-ke khai-káng, khòaⁿ go̍eh-niû, chia̍h go̍eh-piáⁿ kap iū-á. Tī Tâi-ôan, mā chin liû-hêng hang-bah, chia̍h iû-pn̄g.\n\nIt-poaⁿ Peh-go̍eh-cheh siōng-chia̍p thiaⁿ-tio̍h--ê sī Sò·-ngô· ( 素娥; Siông-ngô·, 嫦娥 ) poe chiūⁿ go̍eh-niû ê kò·-sū, koh-lâi tō sī tâng-chê hām Sò·-ngô· tòa tī go̍eh-niû téng-kôan ê thò·-á, kap mî-nōa tī hia teh chhò 1-châng chhò bē tò ê chhiū-á ê Gô Kang. ( 吳剛 ).\n\nKin-thâu\n--------\n\nPeh-go̍eh-cheh ê kin-thâu taⁿ í-keng chin oh khe-khó--ah. Ū 1-khóan kóng-hoat sī kū-le̍k 8-go̍eh 15 tú hó sī kū-le̍k chhiu-thiⁿ ê pòaⁿ-tiong-nôa, hō-chò \"Tiong-chhiu\"( 中秋 ), í-chá jīn-ûi chit-ji̍t ê go̍eh-niû siōng-îⁿ mā siōng kng, só·-í sio-chio tī chit-kang khòaⁿ go̍eh-niû.\n\nMā ū kóng Peh-go̍eh-cheh khêng-si̍t kap kó·-chá kó·-chá pài go̍eh-sîn, he̍k-chiá-sī siu-sêng liáu-āu chò lāu-jia̍t ū koan-hē.\n\n### Oa̍t-lâm *Tết Trung Thu* (\"Chiat Tiong Chhiu\") ê kin-thâu\n\nOa̍t-lâm in mā ū Peh-go̍eh-cheh, Oa̍t-lâm-ōe hō-chò Tết Trung Thu ( 節中秋 ), nā in kóng ê kin-thâu sī 8-sè-kí ê sî ū 1-ê hông-tè kiò-chò Minh-Hoang. Minh-Hoang chhōa i ê hông-tè-niû Duong Quy Pho khì 1-ê ô· piⁿ, tī hia go̍eh-niû chhiō kah kng-kng-kng, Minh-Hoang kā i ūi Duong Quy Pho siá ê si tha̍k hō· i thiaⁿ.\n\nJi̍t-pún kap Hân-kok ê Peh-go̍eh-cheh\n-------------------------------------\n\n### Ji̍t-pún ū 2-ê Peh-go̍eh-cheh\n\nJi̍t-pún lâng kā peh-go̍eh-cheh hō-chò \"月見\", in m̄-na tī kū-le̍k 8-go̍eh 15 àm-sî, mā tī 9-go̍eh 13 ê àm-sî khòaⁿ go̍eh-niû. In kā 8-go̍eh 15 ê go̍eh-niû hō-chò 芋名月 ( いもめいげつ ), 9-go̍eh 13 ê go̍eh-niû kiò-chò 栗名月 ( くりめいげつ; mā ū lâng kóng 豆名月, まめめいげつ ).\n\n8-go̍eh 15 àm-sî, Ji̍t-pún-lâng ē tī khòaⁿ go̍eh-niû ê só·-chāi pâi toh-á pài-pài, ēng koaⁿ-bang chng-thāⁿ, kā Peh-go̍eh-cheh môa-chî ( 月見団子 ), ō·-á, mô·-tāu té--leh, chiú pâi--leh, chò-hóe khòaⁿ go̍eh-niû, mā saⁿ-kap kiû hó-nî-tang.\n\nChôan-sè-kài kan-taⁿ Ji̍t-pún-lâng ke chò 1-kang 9-go̍eh 13, in hit-kang ē ēng tōa-tāu kap la̍t-chí lâi chè-pài, hit-chūn tōa-tāu kap la̍t-á tú tio̍h-sî, che mā sī ūi-sím-mi̍h hit-kang ê go̍eh-niû kiò-chò La̍t-bêng-go̍at ( 栗名月 ) ia̍h-sī Tāu-bêng-go̍at ( 豆名月 ) ê gôan-in.\n\n### Hân-kok ê Peh-go̍eh-cheh\n\nHân-kok-lâng in oan-ná ū tī kū-le̍k 8-go̍eh 15 khòaⁿ go̍eh-niû ê hong-sio̍k. Hân-kok-ōe kā peh-go̍eh-cheh hō-chò 秋夕 ( Ho·-im: chhiu-so·-khu ), hit-kang ta̍k-ê hioh-khùn, hām kò·-hiong ê chhin-chiâⁿ thôan-îⁿ, sǹg sī in kòe-nî hām kúi-cheh í-gōa ê tē-3-ê tōa cheh-ji̍t. In hit-kang ē chia̍h hō-chò son-pion ( 松餅） ê sì-siù.\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nThoân-thóng cheh-ji̍t |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Jī-káu-mê  · Chhun-cheh  · Goân-siau (siōng-goân-mî)  · Chheng-bêng-cheh  · Gō͘-ji̍t-cheh (Toan-ngó͘-cheh)  · Chhit-niû-má-seⁿ (Chhit-sia̍h)  · Chhit-goe̍h-pòaⁿ (Tiong-goân phó͘-tō͘)  · Peh-goe̍h-cheh (Tiong-chhiu)  · Tiông-iông-cheh  · Tang-cheh  · Sàng-sîn |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Peh-goe̍h-cheh","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[299,2866,0.10432658757850663],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3460}} -{"text":"Phó͘-thong ê **Oa̍t-lâm-sek lâng-miâ** ē-sài hūn 3-ê pō͘-hūn: \"sèⁿ\" (*họ*), \"tiong miâ\" (*tên đệm*) kap \"miâ\" (*tên*).\n\nSèⁿ\n---\n\nOa̍t-lâm siāng toā ê sèⁿ sī *Nguyễn* (阮 [Ńg]), koh lâi sī *Trần* (陳 [Tân]), *Lê* (黎 [Lê]), *Phạm* (范 [Hoān]), kap *Hoàng* (黃 [N̂g]) téng-téng. Sèⁿ tī lâng miâ lāi-té sī pâi tī siāng thâu-chêng.\n\nTiong miâ\n---------\n\nTiong miâ chiàu koàn-sì thang kéng ê jī chin chió, cha-bó͘-lâng chha-put-to lóng ēng *Thị* (Hàn-jī siá \"氏\" [Sī]) lâi hō tiong miâ. Cha-po͘ ê tiong miâ khah chē khoán, m̄-koh mā sī *Văn* (文 [Bûn]) chiàm toā-hūn. \n\nOa̍t-lâm-lâng nā î-bîn khí Tâi-oân, Hiong-káng, he̍k-chiá kî-tha bô tiong miâ hē-thóng ê Hàn-miâ kok-ka, ū-sî ē kā tiong miâ theh tiāu.\n\nMiâ\n---\n\nMiâ, ia̍h sī kóng \"chheng miâ\" (*tên chính*), sī si̍t-chè tāi-piáu chú-lâng ê jī. Tī chèng-sek ê tiûⁿ-ha̍p, Oa̍t-lâm lâng koàn-sì ēng miâ khì chheng-ho͘ lâng, chhan-chhiūⁿ \"Nguyễn Văn Minh\" sī chiàu miâ chheng chò \"ông Minh\" (ia̍h tio̍h sī \"Minh sian-siⁿ\" ê ì-sù), m̄-sī tòe sèⁿ kóng \"ông Nguyễn\".","meta":{"title":"Oa̍t-lâm lâng-miâ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,914,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1132}} -{"text":"**Hi-kò͘-lūi** ê Eng-gí sī ***fiction*** (\"Óa-im: \"*huik-siohn*\"\"), thoân-thóng hoan-e̍k chò \"**siáu-soat**\", sī chi̍t khoán bûn-ha̍k khoán-chè, hâm kok khoán keng-kòe sióng-siōng ê kò͘-sū, ia̍h chiū sī bô ì-sù beh kun-kù sū-si̍t ê chhòng-chok.\n\nChiàu kin-sè chit-ê khài-liām ê iōng-hoat, pún lūi chhòng-chok m̄ ná hâm bûn-chiong, mā hâm hiān-tiûⁿ piáu-ián, iáⁿ-hì, tiān-sī-kio̍k, tiān-náu iû-hì, kak-sek poaⁿ-ián iû-hì téng khoán. Nā khah goân-sú ê ì-sù sī bûn-ha̍k ê lūi-hêng, chhan-chhiūⁿ tn̂g-phiⁿ siáu-soat (*novel*), novella, té-phiⁿ kò͘-sū, kio̍k-pún téng lūi.\n\nHi-kò͘ kap hui-hi-kò͘ ê hâm-hô͘-sèng\n------------------------------------\n\nTiām chi̍t kóa chêng-hêng hi-kò͘/hui-hi-kò͘ ê chha-pia̍t sī ài-māi--ê, chit khoán ài-māi-sèng mā sī chi̍t kóa hō͘-hiān-tāi bûn-ha̍k ê sêng-hun, pí-lūn chok-chiá khó-lêng te̍k-pia̍t piáu-hiān \"sióng-siōng-tek hiān-si̍t\" (*imagined reality*). Koh ū chhiūⁿ Michael Orlofsky ēng \"sú-ha̍k hi-kò͘\" (*historiografiction*) chit jī lâi piáu-sī ê le̍k-sú-ha̍k kiam hi-kò͘ ê saⁿ-lām.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ John Macgowan (1883). \"Fiction\". *English and Chinese dictionary of the Amoy dialect*.\n2. ↑ Iftekharuddin, Frahat (ed.). (2003). *The Postmodern Short Story: Forms and Issues*. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 23.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Hui-hi-kò͘-lūi (non-fiction)\n* Khong-sióng (fantasy)","meta":{"title":"Hi-kò͘-lūi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[231,1234,0.18719611021069693],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1502}} -{"text":"Tsi̍t-ê hái-kun tsûn-pi̍k kang-tîng-su teh ún-tīng-sìng tshì-giām tang-tiong tshik-liông pái-á ê huâinn-hiòng uī-suá.\nTeh Kún-tsong-tsûn [en] ê tshia-khòo [en] tang-tiong tāng-liōng ê tshiâu-suá.\n**Tsûn-pi̍k [en] khing-siâ tshì-giām** (ing-gú: inclining test) sī teh tsûn-pi̍k tíng-kuân tsìn-hîng ê tsi̍t-hāng tshì-giām, í-lâi khak-tīng tsûn-pi̍k ê ún-tīng-sìng [en], khin-tsûn tāng-liōng kah tiōng-sim tsō-piau.Tsit-ê tshik-tshì sik-iōng teh tn̂g-tōo khah-tuā 24m ê sin-kiàn tsûn-pi̍k, í-ki̍p í íng-hióng ún-tīng-sìng ê hong-sik tsìn-hîng kái-tsong ê tsûn-pi̍k khing-siâ tshik-tshì tîng-sū; iû kok-tsè hái-sū tsoo-tsit [en] kah kî-thann ê kok-tsè hia̍p-huē kui-tīng.\n\nTsûn-pi̍k ê tāng-liōng ē-tàng thong-kuè to̍k-tshú tsia̍h-tsuí tshim-tōo [en] pīng-tshiánn kah í-king tsai-iánn ê liû-thé tsīng-li̍k-ha̍k ê ti̍k-sìng tsìn-hîng pí-kàu lâi khin-sang khak-tīng. Tsú-tō ún-tīng-sìng ê ún-sim ko-tōo [en] (GM) ē-sái uì siat-kè tang-tiong kóo-sǹg tshut-lâi, mk-u tsún-khak ê ta̍t pit-su thong-kuè khing-siâ tshik-tshì lâi khak-tīng.\n\nKhing-siâ tshik-tshì thong-siông teh pîng-tsīng ê thinn-khì, tiānn-tiānn ê tsuí-tiong tsìn-hîng kin-hái, pīng-tshiánn bô hē-po̍k hān-tsè í-lâi ta̍t-kàu tsún-khak-sìng. Ún-sim ko-tōo (GM) uī-tì sī thong-kuè huâinn-hiòng î-tōng tāng-bu̍t lâi khak-tīng ê, tio̍h-sī teh khó-lîng ê tsîng-hóng tsi-hā sán-sing 1-4 tōo huān-uî lāi ê í-king tsai-á khing-hok ê li̍k-kí. Uì tsûn-pi̍k ê tshùn-tshioh hām phû-tāng ê uī-tì ē-tàng liáu-kái tsûn-pi̍k ê hue-ho̍k ti̍k-sìng (phû-li̍k), phìng-tshiánn tshik-liông ka-kuân tsûn-pi̍k ê pîng-hîng kak-tōo, ē-sái kè-sǹg ún-sim ko-tōo (GM).\n\nTō tshin-tshiūnn teh sin-tsûn ê tshik-tshì tang-tiong kâng-khuán, pit-su tsai-iánn tāng-liōng piàn-huà pīng tshik-liông khing-siâ kak-tōo. Tsi̍t hē-lia̍t tāng-liōng (teh-tsài [en]) ūn-tōng iōng-teh hi̍k-tik ún-sim ko-tōo [en] (GM) ê pîng-kunti̍t pîng-kun-ti̍k hām hong-tsha.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ International Maritime Organization (2002). *Code on Intact Stability for all types of ships covered by IMO Instruments* (2 pán.). IMO Publishing. ISBN 92-801-5117-7.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ \"Inclining test unified procedure\" (PDF). IACS. January 2004. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 11 July 2009 hőng khó͘-pih. 2 January 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* Ferreiro, L.D. (2006): *Ships and Science: The Birth of Naval Architecture in the Scientific Revolution, 1600-1800 (Transformations: Studies in the History of Science and Technology)*, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. (Eng-gí)\n* IACS [en], *Inclining test unified procedure*.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Metacentric height\n* Naval architecture\n* Semi-submersible\n* International Maritime Organization\n* Ship stability\n* Draft (hull)\n* International Association of Classification Societies\n* Roketsan kong-si\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Inclining Experiment- Determining Metacentric height of the ship (Eng-gí)\n* Inclining tests--Conoship International (Eng-gí)\n* 2 Preparations for the Inclining Test (Eng-gí)\n* INCLINING EXPERIMENT--Marine Inbox (Eng-gí)\n* Guidance notes for carrying out an inclining test (Eng-gí)\n\nShip measurements [en]","meta":{"title":"Chûn-pe̍k kheng-siâ chhì-giām","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[943,2889,0.32641052267220494],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3373}} -{"text":"**Teng-ki-chèng** (登機證) sī chi̍t chióng thê-kiong bîn-iōng hâng-khong sêng-kheh teng-ki chèng-bêng ê phiò-chèng, thong-siông sī tī sêng-kheh pān-lí liáu teng-ki pò-tò chhiú-sio̍k liáu-āu iû hâng-khong kong-si thê-kiong. Tī teng-ki-chèng téng-thâu, chì-chió ē piau-bêng sêng-kheh sèⁿ-miâ, pan-ki hō-bé, tah-ki ji̍t-kî kap sî-kan. It-poaⁿ teng-ki-chèng sī seⁿ chò tn̂g-tiâu-chōng ê kám-jia̍t-chóa, pòe-bīn ū chû-tiâu hō͘ chū-tōng tho̍k-má-ki lâi tha̍k. Chi̍t pō͘-hūn hâng-khong kong-si (te̍k-pia̍t sī liâm-kè hâng-khong kong-si) ūi-tio̍h beh kàng-kē iōng-chóa sêng-pún, kái ēng phó͘-thong chóa lâi lia̍t-ìn teng-ki-chèng, koh ēng jī-chhù-goân tiâu-bé chhú-tāi chû-tiâu, mā kó͘-lē sêng-kheh tī hâng-khong kong-si bāng-chām téng sòaⁿ-téng pò-tò lâi chū-hêng lia̍t-ìn teng-ki-chèng.\n\nPō͘-hūn hâng-khong kong-si koh kā teng-ki-chèng kiam chò ki-tiûⁿ kùi-pin-sek ê iau-chhiáⁿ-khah, hō͘ thâu-téng-chhng, siong-bū-chhng ia̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ hû-ha̍p chu-keh ê lú-kheh chìn-ji̍p kùi-pin-sek sú-iōng.\n\nTo-sò͘ ki-tiûⁿ kap hâng-khong kong-si lóng ū chū-tōng tho̍k-má-ki, lī-piān tī khong-kiô ia̍h-sī teng-ki-mn̂g he̍k-tùi sêng-kheh ê teng-ki-chèng, tông-sî tho̍k-má-ki mā ē kā chu-liāu thoân-sàng khì hâng-khong kong-si ê chu-liāu-khò͘, khak-jīn sêng-kheh kám ū teng-ki iáu-koh ū i-ê hêng-lí kám ū tī hui-ki téng, thê-seng teng-ki ê hāu-lu̍t, mā pī-bián sêng-kheh chiūⁿ m̄-tio̍h hui-ki.","meta":{"title":"Teng-ki-chèng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1380,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1561}} -{"text":"\n\nKha-kiû\n**Kha-kiû** chit jī, it-poaⁿ sī chí **hia̍p-hōe kha-kiû** (Eng-gí: *association football*), che sī choân sè-kài siōng chē lâng sńg, siōng chē lâng khoàⁿ ê kiû-tūi thé-io̍k ūn-tōng. Chia só͘ kóng ê hia̍p-hōe kha-kiû, sī chí ha̍h FIFA (Kok-chè Kha-kiû Hia̍p-hoē Liân-bêng) kok-chè phiau-chún ê kha-kiû hêng-thài; nā pa̍t-khoán kha-kiû, pí-lūn Bí-kok kha-kiû ia̍h Rugby, in liû-hêng ê tē-khu khah iú-hān.\n\nKha-kiû sī 1 khoán kiû-lūi ūn-tōng, pí-sài ê lâng hun 2 tūi, 1 tūi siōng chē ū 11 ê kiû-oân. That kiû ji̍p-khì kiû-mn̂g khah chē piàn ê hit tūi sǹg iâⁿ. Kha-kiû iōng--ê kiû mā hō-chò kha-kiû, chú-iàu khò kha lâi tín-tāng; chóng--sī mā ún-chún kiû-oân iōng chhiú í-goā ê kî-thaⁿ hêng-khu pō·-ūi khì sak kiû. Kò· kiû-mn̂g ê kiû-oân sī î-it ē-tàng tī pí-sài-khu lāi-té iōng chhiú bong kiû ê lâng.\n\nKok-chè pí-sài iōng--ê kha-kiû\nFIFA (hoa̍t-lo̍h kha-kiû ê kok-chè cho·-chit) 2001 nî hoat-piáu ê tiau-cha kiat-kó, hoat-kiàn ū chhiau-koè 2-ek 4-chheng-bān lâng, toà tī 200 kúi-ê kok-ka, tēng-kî sńg kha-kiû. Kha-kiû ê kui-chek kán-tan, tùi siat-pī ê iau-kiû chin hó boán-chiok, chia ê in-sò· kiám-chhái tùi kha-kiû ê liû-thoân ū pang-chān. Tû-liáu ū chit-gia̍p ê kiû-tūi, mā ū chin chē hui-chit-gia̍p--ê. Tī chē-chē só·-chāi (te̍k-pia̍t sī Europa, Latin Bí-chiu, Hui-chiu) kha-kiû ū chin chē sí-tiong ê kiû-bê, in ê jia̍t-chêng tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ tī kiû-tiûⁿ po̍k-hoat chhut-lâi.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Kó͘-chá ê kha-kiû-khoán oa̍h-tāng\n\nKap chit-má kha-kiû ke-kiám beh kâng ê kó͘-chá ūn-tōng, ū Hi-lia̍p ê *episkyros*, Lô-má ê *harpastum*, Tiong-kok ê chhiok-kiok (蹴踘), Mesoamerica ê *pok-a-tok*, Au-chiu tiong-sè-kí ê *choule*, *calcio*, Ji̍t-pún ê *kemari*, Má-lâi ê *sian sepak raga* téng-téng.\n\nKong-gôan-chêng 307 nî, mā tio̍h-sī Tiong-kok kó·-tāi ê Chiàn-kok sî-kî. Tiō-kok ê kok-ông ( Bú-lêng-ông ) si̍t-hêng kái-kek, tī chôan-kok thui-sak \"khiâ-bé siā-chìⁿ \"ê ūn-tōng. Tiō-ông sî-siông chhōa-tio̍h chhin-sìn khiâ-bé chhut siâⁿ khì se̍h-chhit-thô, seng-oa̍h koè-tit chhiaⁿ-iāⁿ koh chū-chāi. Ū 1 ji̍t, Tiō-ông chham i-ê ē-kha-chhiú-lâng lâi-kàu 1-phiàn chhiū-nâ lāi, chèng-lâng khòaⁿ-kìⁿ chhiū-nâ lāi-té ū chin chōe iá-thò·, seⁿ-chòe chin-chiàⁿ kó·-chui. Tiō-ông sûi bēng-lēng chiòng-lâng seng ùi sì-chiu-ûi kā chia-ê iá-thò· pau-ûi--khí-lâi, àn-sǹg beh lâi o̍ah-lia̍h. Pò·-tì hó-sè liáu-āu, khai-sí tāng-chhiú, siūⁿ-bōe-kàu iá-thò· chi̍t-ē tio̍h-kiaⁿ, kha-chhiú soah koh-khah liú-lia̍h, chū-án-ne sì-kài chông, sì-kè nǹg, tī lâng-phāng kah bé-phāng tang-tiong chǹg-lâi-chǹg-khì. Sui-jiân chèng-lâng lóng-chóng chin kut-la̍t teh pau-chhau, m̄-koh kāng-khóan bô-chhái-kang, kàu-bóe-á iá-thò· mā-sī chôan-pō· cháu-kah bô-pòaⁿ-chiah. Tiō-ông kám-kak chin òan-thàn, sim-chêng mā chin bô sóng-khòai. Chit-ê sî-chūn, ū 1-ê pō·-hā hiông-hiông siūⁿ-tio̍h 1-ê phiat-pō·, siūⁿ-beh lâi thè Tiō-ông kái iu-chhiû, i kái-soeh kóng chit-khóan lia̍h thò·-á ê iû-hì si̍t-chāi chin chhù-bī, put-jî-kò thò·-á siūⁿ-kòe-thâu chiáu-chiⁿ, nā-beh lia̍h, ē khah hùi-khì, i kiàn-gī Tiō-ông, put-jû iōng \"kiû \"tāi-thè thò·-á, ta̍k-ê-lâng ûi-ûi kòe-lâi sńg, m̄-nā ē-tàng siau-khián, koh ū-hoat-tō· tòan-liān sin-thé, to̍h-chún-kóng tī kiong-têng lāi-té mā ē-tàng lâi chhit-thô. Tiō-ông thiaⁿ-liáu chin hoaⁿ-hí, kóaⁿ-kín hoan-hù pō·-hā chek-sî khì chhau-pān. Chū-án-ne, chit-chióng gôan-sí ê kha-kiû ūn-tōng choa̋n khai-sí tiàm Tiong-kok sî-kiâⁿ--khí-lâi. M̄-koh, hit-tong-sî ê lâng iu-gôan sī khiâ tī bé-téng leh that-kiû. \n\nHàn-tāi ê sî-chūn, í-keng hoat-tián kah ū choan-mn̂g thê-kiong hông pí-sài iōng ê kha-kiû-tiûⁿ, hit-sî hō-chò \"kiok-siâⁿ \"(鞠城), tiûⁿ-tē sī sì-kak-hêng--ê, sán-tn̂g-sán-tn̂g, àn tiong-ng pun-chòe 2-pêng, 1-pêng kok an-pâi 6-ê tōng-khang (洞). Tiûⁿ-tē ê sì-kho·-lìn-tńg (四周围) ài iōng piah-chhiûⁿ-á khong--khí-lâi. \n\nKàu-kah Tông-tiâu ê sî-tāi, Tiong-kok ê kha-kiû iû-hì í-keng chin phó·-piàn, peh-sìⁿ chhit-thô kha-kiû ê chúi-pêng mā pí kòe-khì thê-kôan put-lí-á chē. Chit-ê sî-chūn, kha-kiû ūn-tōng mā khai-sí liû-thôan kàu gōa-kok. Ùi Sòng-tiâu ê sī koh ū ná kū-lo̍k-pō͘ teh keng-êng ê chhiok-kiok oa̍h-tāng.\n\n2004 nî, A-chiu-poe Kha-kiû-sài tī Pak-kiaⁿ kí-hêng ê kî-kan, FIFA pat thê-chhut chi̍t khoán kóng-hoat, sī in tēng kha-kiû ê hoat-gôan-tē sī Tiong-kok. \n\n### Chá-kî ê Eng-kok kha-kiû\n\nKong-gôan 12 sè-kí chho·-kî, Eng-kok khai-sí chhut-hiān kha-kiû pí-sài, kok-ka mā-ū teh kiàn-siat choan-gia̍p ê kha-kiû-tiûⁿ.\n\nKha-kiû tī Eng-kok tāi-seng sī peh-sèⁿ ê oa̍h-tāng, sī kòe-chiat kiam khèng-tián ê ji̍t-chí leh ī--ê. William Fitzstephen tiām i 1174 nî kì Thomas à Becket ê toān-kì thâu-sū lāi-bīn ū kóng tio̍h chá-kî tī Eng-kok kha-kiû oa̍h-tāng. 14 sè-kí téng-chām Lûn-tun ê chhī-tiúⁿ Nicholas Farndon kìm-chí kha-kiû, lí-iû sī ín-khí chak-chō. 1365 nî, kok-ông Edward 3-sè koh pan-pò͘ tùi kha-kiû kiam chhiú-kiû (*handball*) ê thong kok kìm-lēng, in-ūi kóng chia oa̍h-tāng hō͘ lâng bô choan-sim liān siā-chìⁿ. Chóng-sī, kàu Shakespeare ê sî-tāi, kha-kiû í-keng sī in kok-bîn bûn-hòa, bûn-ha̍k chok-phín lāi-bīn, chhin-chhiūⁿ *King Lear*, to ū kì-su̍t.\n\nKha-kiû pìⁿ-chiâⁿ sī 1-chióng lâng kah kiû chi-kan ê iû-hì. Hit-sî Eng-kok-lâng chiong kha-kiû ūn-tōng khòaⁿ-chò sī ko-siōng ê ūn-tōng, kan-na hān-chè tī Ông-sek (王室) lāi-té hiáng-siū, kìm-chí phó·-thong ê peh-sèⁿ sńg chit-chióng iû-hì. Āu--lâi, Eng-kok kah Tan-be̍h hoat-seng chiàn-cheng, chin-chōe Eng-kok ê a-peng-ko ūi-tio̍h beh pâi-kái tùi te̍k-jîn ê oàn-hūn, thiau-kang tī hioh-khùn ê sî-chūn iōng te̍k-jîn ê thâu-khak tòng kha-kiû lâi sńg. Chit-chióng \"ài-kok \"ê hêng-ûi kám-tòng tio̍h hit-sî ê Eng-kok kok-ông, i ūi-tio̍h beh chióng-lē jîn-bîn, to̍h hā-lēng chhú-siau \"**bîn-kan bōe-tàng sńg kha-kiû** \"ê kìm-lēng. Chū-án-ne, kha-kiû chiah khai-sí tī Eng-kok kok-lāi sî-kiâⁿ--khí-lâi, jî-chhiáⁿ hoat-tián chin kín. \n\n### Hiān-tāi kha-kiû\n\nHiān-tāi ê kha-kiû oa̍h-tāng sī Eng-kok-lâng tī 19 sè-kí hoat-bêng. In tāi-seng chhòng-chō kui-chek, sêng-li̍p hia̍p-hōe kha-kiû kū-lo̍k-pō͘, an-pâi ji̍t-chí cho͘-chit pí-sài. Kha-kiû thang kóng sī hit chūn Eng-kok siong-gia̍p, chè-chō-gia̍p, chit-gia̍p tiong-sán kai-kip khí-heng ê hù-sán-bu̍t, te̍k-pia̍t sī ùi in-ê su-jîn tiong-o̍h (chiàu chāi-tē hō-miâ sī kong-hāu, *public school*) chin liû-hêng. Chóng-sī hia kong-hāu chi kan hêng-sek bô it-tì. 1863 nî 10 ge̍h 26 hō Kha-kiû Hia̍p-hōe (*Football Association*) tī Lûn-tun sêng-li̍p, tiō sī beh chè-iok kong-tēng ê kui-chek. Hit-tang-chūn ū chi̍t phài tùi chhiú ê sú-iōng téng kî-tha sêng-hun ū bô-kâng ê kiàn-kái, āu--lâi ùi 1871 nî sêng-li̍p La-gú-bih Kha-kiû Liân-ha̍p (*Rugby Football Union*).\n\nPí-sài ê kui-chek\n-----------------\n\n### Pí-sài ê bo̍k-tek\n\nKā kiû that ji̍p-khì tùi-hong ê kiû-mn̂g siōng chē piàn ê hit tūi sī iâⁿ-hong. Kan-na kò· kiû-mn̂g ê kiû-oân (1 tūi 1 ê) ē-sái tiàm pí-sài-khu lāi-té iōng chhiú khì bong kiû.\n\n### Chhâi-phoàⁿ-koaⁿ\n\nMúi 1 tiûⁿ pí-sài ū 1-ūi chhâi-phoàⁿ-koaⁿ (Eng-gí: *referee*). Kui-chek tē-5-tiâu siá-kóng: \"i choân-jiân ū koân-ui chiam-tùi i hō· lâng chí-phài ê hit tiûⁿ tùi-sài lâi chip-hêng Kiû-sài ê Hoat\", jî-chhiáⁿ i tùi kiû-sài ū choè-āu ê koat-tēng-koân. Chhâi-phoàⁿ-koaⁿ ū 2-ūi chō·-lí. Tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ koh ū tē-4-ê lâng pang-chān chhâi-phoàⁿ-koaⁿ; nā ū su-iàu, i ē-sái tāi-thè pa̍t-lâng.\n\n### Kiû-tūi\n\nMúi 1 tūi siōng chē ū 11-ê kiû-oân, kî-tiong 1-ê tiāⁿ-tio̍h sī kò· kiû-mn̂g--ê. Pí-sài kui-chek ē-sái lēng-goā koh chí-tēng siōng chió ê lâng-sò· (it-poaⁿ iau-kiû ū 8 ê).\n\nKui-chek ún-chún kò·-mn̂g-oân tī ka-kī ê hoa̍t-khu (*penalty area*) lāi, iōng chhiú khì tín-tāng kiû.\n\nChhun ê kiû-oân ē-sái iōng chhiú í-goā ê jīm-hô 1 ê pō·-ūi chhau-chok kiû. î-it ê lē-goā: kiû chún nā hông that chhut-khì piⁿ-soàⁿ goā-kháu, kiû-oân ē-sái tùi kài-goā iōng chhiú kā kiû tàn ji̍p-khì pí-sài-khu lāi.\n\nKiû-sài chìn-hêng ê tang-tiong, kiû-tūi ē-sái kā ka-kī ê kiû-oân oāⁿ--lo̍h-lâi, oāⁿ sin kiû-oân chiūⁿ-tiûⁿ. Oāⁿ-tiāu ê kiû-oân bē-sái koh-chài ji̍p--khì. Siōng chē ē-sái oāⁿ kúi-ê, bô-kāng liân-bêng, kok-ka ū bô kāng-khoán ê kui-tēng. Oāⁿ kiû-oân ê lí-iû pau-koat tio̍h-siong, siuⁿ thiám, bô hāu-lu̍t, chiàn-su̍t su-iàu.\n\n### Pí-sài-khu\n\nPhiau-chún ê pí-sài-khu\n\nChú-iàu ê kok-chè pí-sài\n------------------------\n\nSiōng chú-iàu ê kok-chè kha-kiû pí-sài sī FIFA pān--ê Sè-kài-poe. Sè-kài-poe ê pí-sài múi 4-tang chò 1 kî. 190-goā-ê kok-ka tūi seng tī tē-hng chham-ka chu-keh pí-sài. Koat-sài (múi 4-tang 1 pái) khai-hóng 32 tūi chham-ka (1998 nî chìn-chêng sī 24 tūi), pí-sài 4 lé-pài.\n\n* A-chiu: A-chiu-poe\n* Europa: European Championship\n* Hui-chiu: African Nations Cup\n* Lâm-bí-chiu: CONCACAF Gold Cup\n* Pak-bí-chiu: Copa America\n* Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu: Oceania Cup\n\nOlympia Ūn-tōng-hoē chū 1900 nî khai-sí ū kha-kiû pí-sài (kan-na 1932 nî bô). Pún-té kan-na khai-hóng hō· gia̍p-goā soán-chhiú chham-ka; 1984 nî hit pái khai-sí mā ū tiâu-kiāⁿ chiap-siū chit-gia̍p soán-chhiú ê chu-keh. In-ūi Ò-ūn kan-na ún-chún 23 hoè í-hā ê soán-chhiú kap kúi-ê-á nî-hoè khah toā-ê, pí-sài ê chúi-chún it-poaⁿ khah bô kàu chit-gia̍p ê thêng-tō·.\n\nPo̍k-le̍k\n---------\n\nThīn kha-kiû-tūi ê sí-tiong chi-chhî-chiá ū-sî ē chè-chō mâ-hoân, sīm-chì chō-sêng lâng tio̍h-siong, sí-bông. Chhin-chhiūⁿ Colombia-che̍k ê kiû-oân Andres Escobar tī 1994 nî Sè-kài-poe pí-sài soah, beh tńg-chhù ê lō·--lìn hō· lâng thâi--sí, lí-iû kóng sī in-ūi i kā kiû that-ji̍p ka-kī tūi ê kiû-mn̂g. Kha-kiû ê po̍k-le̍k hūn-chú ū lâng chheng-ho· sī \"kha-kiû lô·-moâ\". 2004 nî tī Pak-kiaⁿ ê A-chiu-poe pí-sài mā hoat-seng koan-chiòng tùi Ji̍t-pún-tūi kap kî-thaⁿ ê ji̍t-pún-lâng kiông-lia̍t piáu-ta̍t put-boán, hiám-á pìⁿ-chiâⁿ po̍k-le̍k sū-kiāⁿ.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"In a globalised world, the football World Cup is a force for good\". The Conversation. 10 July 2014. 11 July 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"History of Football – Britain, the home of Football\". FIFA.\n3. ↑ \"History of Football – The Origins\". FIFA. 29 April 2013 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ Yiannis Giossos, Aristomenis Sotiropoulos, Athanasios Souglis, Georgia Dafopoulou (2011). \"Reconsidering on the Early Types of Football\". *Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity*. doi:10.2478/v10131-011-0013-5. CS1 pó-ióng: Ēng authors chham-sò͘ (link)\n5. ↑ \"Did China invent football?\". *BBC.com*. 2016-01-26. 2017-01-12 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ , ,\n7. 1 2 Tony Collins (2019). *How Football Began: A Global History of How the World’s Football Codes Were Born*. Routledge.\n8. ↑ Tony Mason (1996). \"Soccer\". *Encyclopedia of World Sport: From Ancient Times to the Present*. Oxford University Press.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) (Eng-gí) (Hàn-gí) (Tek-gú) (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Kha-kiû teh DMOZ\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85123840\n* GND: 4018968-5\n* BNF: cb119314286 (data)\n* HDS: 048188\n* NDL: 00570050\n* NKC: ph114578\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kha-kiû","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1767,10799,0.1636262616908973],"infobox":["
    Kha-kiû
    \n
    Chhēng âng-saⁿ ê kiû-oân siám-phiah 2 ê pe̍h-saⁿ kiû-oân, oá kiû-mn̂g--khì.
    Siōng-koân koán-lí ki-kò͘\nFIFA
    Goā-hō\n
    Khí-goân\n19 sè-kí tiong-gia̍p ê Eng-lân
    Lūi-hêng te̍k-teng
    Kiû-goân\nTa̍k pêng 11 lâng (pau-koat siú-mn̂g-goân)
    Kám ū lâm-lú hūn-ha̍p\nBô, hun-khui pí-sài.
    Hun-lūi\nThoân-thé ūn-tōng, Kiû-lūi ūn-tōng
    Siat-pī\nKiû
    Tiûⁿ-koán\nKha-kiû-tiûⁿ
    Su̍t-gí\nKha-kiû hia̍p-hōe su̍t-gí-pió
    Chham-sài kì-lo̍k
    Kok-ka ia̍h-sī tē-khu\nChoân sè-kài
    Tang-sî ka-ji̍p Olympic\nLâm-chú ùi 1900 Olympic khai-sí, kap Lú-chú ùi 1996 Olympic khai-sí.
    Tang-sî ka-ji̍p chân-chi̍t-jîn Olympic\n5-lâng kha-kiû ùi 2004 khai-sí, kap 7-lâng kha-kiû ùi 1984 khai-sí
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":11989}} -{"text":"Thng Tek-chiong\n**Thng Tek-chiong** (湯德章) 1907-1947, lāu-pē sèⁿ *Sakai* (坂井), Tâi-lâm-chhī lu̍t-su. I ê lāu-pē sī Ji̍t-pún kèng-chhat, siàu-liân tio̍h kòe-sin, i tòe lāu-bú sìⁿ. Ji̍t-pún Tang-kiaⁿ su-lip tāi-ha̍k chut-gia̍p, thong-kòe Su-hoat-kho khó-chhì, tńg-lâi Tâi-lâm chò lu̍t-su.\n\nChiàn-āu i tī Tâi-lâm chin chhut-miâ, chham-gī-goân ê soán-kí tē lī koân phiò, āu-pó͘ chham-gī-goân. I bô ài chò koaⁿ, i chai-iáⁿ \"Chò Tiong-kok koaⁿ tio̍h ài chia̍h-chîⁿ, goá bô ài bâi-bok kā-kī ê liông-sim\".\n\nJī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ ê sî, i tī Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ Chhú-lí Úi-goân-hoē chò tī-an cho͘-tiúⁿ.\n\nKok-bîn-tóng ê kun-tuī lâi Tâi-lâm lia̍h i ê sî, i kā ū-koan ê miâ-toaⁿ sio-tiāu, pó-hō͘ chin chē lâng. tī Tâi-lâm-chhī ê Tai-chèng kong-hn̂g (Bîn-seng-le̍k-hn̂g) chhìⁿ-koat, kuí kang āu, Ko-téng-hoat-īⁿ phoàⁿ-koat \"bô-choē\".\n\n1998 nî, Tâi-lâm chhī-chèng-hú kā \"Bîn-seng-le̍k-hn̂g\" kái-chò \"Thng Tek-chiong kì-liām kong-hn̂g\" lâi kì-liām i.","meta":{"title":"Thng Tek-chiong","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,919,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1059}} -{"text":"*Ū chi̍t-ê Tiong-kok su-sióng-ka hō-chòe \"Ô͘ Sek\".*\n\n**O͘-sek** (烏色; *black*), kán-lio̍k kóng **o͘** (烏), sī siāng-kài chhim ê sek, sī bô khó-kiàn kng ia̍h-sī khó-kiàn kng pī oân-choân khip-siu ê kiat-kó. O͘-sek sī chi̍t chióng bô sek-siòng ê sek-chhái, chhiūⁿ pe̍h-sek ia̍h phú-sek mā sī. O͘ it-poaⁿ the̍h-lâi tāi-piáu kap phì-jū o͘-àm, ah pe̍h tāi-piáu kong-bêng.\n\nO͘ ba̍k-chúi sī ìn-soat chheh, sin-bûn-chóa kap bûn-kiāⁿ siāng chia̍p ēng ê sek-chhái, in-ūi o͘ ba̍k-chúi tī pe̍h chóa téng tùi-pí bêng-hián, tha̍k--khí-lâi khah khin-sang. Kāng-khoán ê goân-in, o͘-sek ê jī phòe pe̍h-sek ê êng-bō͘ pōe-kéng sī tiān-náu siāng chia̍p sú-iōng ê hián-sī hong-sek. Tī chhái-sek ìn-soat hong-bīn, o͘-sek ē tah-phòe khín-chheⁿ (*cyan*), n̂g-sek kap hún-âng (*magenta*) lâi piáu-ta̍t chhut siāng chhim-sek ê sek-chhái.\n\nO͘-sek kap pe̍h-sek tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ the̍h-lâi biâu-su̍t tùi-li̍p; te̍k-pia̍t sī chin-siòng kap bû-ti, siān-liông kap ok-chit, O͘-àm Sî-tāi kap Khé-bông Sî-tāi. O͘-sek tī Tiong-sè-kí sī chong-giâm kap khoân-ui ê tāi-piáu, só͘-í káu taⁿ hoat-koaⁿ goân-chāi chhēng o͘ saⁿ.\n\nO͘-sek sī sin-chio̍h-khì sî-tāi the̍h-lâi ōe mi̍h-kiāⁿ ê thâu chi̍t ê sek-chhái chi it. Tī 14 sè-kí ê Au-chiu, o͘-sek ê hok-chong pī tōa-liōng kùi-cho̍k, bo̍k-su, hoat-koaⁿ kap chèng-hú koaⁿ-hong. 19 sè-kí, o͘-sek ê saⁿ chiâⁿ-chò lōng-bān-chú-gī si-jîn, seng-lí-lâng kap chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t ài chhēng ê saⁿ; 20 sè-kí chiâⁿ-chò hui-siông liû-hêng ê hok-chong sek-chhái.\n\nTī Lô-má Tè-kok, o͘ sī pi-siong ê sek-chhái; tī soah--lo̍h-lâi ê kúi-nā ê sè-kí, o͘-sek hām sí-bông, siâ-ok, ang-î kap mô͘-su̍t ū-koan. Kin-kì chi̍t hāng tī Pak Bí-chiu kap Au-chiu ê tiâu-cha hoat-hiān, o͘-sek siāng chia̍p chham pi-siong, kiat-sok, sîn-pì, mô͘-su̍t, le̍k-liōng, pō-le̍k, ok-chit kap iù-siù khan-liân chò-hòe.\n\nLe̍k-sú kap gē-su̍t\n-------------------\n\n### Sú-chêng sî-tāi\n\nO͘-sek sī thâu chi̍t ê the̍h-lâi chò gē-su̍t chhòng-chok ê sek-chhái chi it.\n\n### Kó͘-chá sî-tāi\n\nO͘-sek tī Kó͘ Ai-ki̍p ū chiàⁿ-bīn ê hâm-ì.\n\n### Āu-kó͘-tián sî-tāi\n\n### Hiān-tāi\n\nKho-ha̍k\n--------\n\n### Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k\n\n### Hòa-ha̍k\n\n### Thian-bûn-ha̍k\n\n* O͘-khang sī chi̍t ê sî-khong khu-he̍k, i-ê tiōng-le̍k chó͘-chí pau-hâm kng chāi-lāi ê jīm-hô mi̍h-kiāⁿ thoat-lī. It-poaⁿ siong-tùi lí-lūn ī-chhek, hui-siông kīn-óa ê chit-liōng ē tì-sú sî-khong piàn-hêng, chiâⁿ-chò o͘-khang. Tī o͘-khang ê chiu-piⁿ ū chi̍t ê sò͘-ha̍k tēng-gī ê piáu-bīn hō-chò sū-kiāⁿ ê tē-pêng-sòaⁿ, chhiau-kòe hit-ê tiám, bô jīm-hô kng-sòaⁿ hoán-siā. Sī-án-chóaⁿ hō-chò \"o͘-khang\", in-ūi i khip-siu liáu só͘-ū chiap-chhiok tio̍h chit-ê pian-kài ê kng-sòaⁿ, bô jīm-hô hoán-siā hiān-siōng; tio̍h chhin-chhiūⁿ jia̍t-le̍k-ha̍k ê oân-bí o͘-thé kāng-khoán.\n\n* O͘-thé hòng-siā sī tī te̍k-tēng un-tō͘ hā, ùi bu̍t-thé hòng-siā chhut-lâi ê lêng-liōng.\n\n* Ùi Hubble Thài-khong Tiàu-kiàⁿ khòaⁿ tio̍h ê NGC 406 gîn-hôÙi Hubble Thài-khong Tiàu-kiàⁿ khòaⁿ tio̍h ê NGC 406 gîn-hô\n* NASA Spirit Rover tī Hóe-chheⁿ téng hip tio̍h ê nn̄g lia̍p Hóe-chheⁿ goe̍h-niûNASA Spirit Rover tī Hóe-chheⁿ téng hip tio̍h ê nn̄g lia̍p Hóe-chheⁿ goe̍h-niû\n* Tī Tē-kiû tāi-khì gōa-kháu, thiⁿ m̄-koán ji̍t-sî ia̍h àm-sî lóng sī o͘--êTī Tē-kiû tāi-khì gōa-kháu, thiⁿ m̄-koán ji̍t-sî ia̍h àm-sî lóng sī o͘--ê\n* An illustration of Olbers' paradox (see below)An illustration of Olbers' paradox (see below)\n* Simulated view of a black hole in front of the Large Magellanic Cloud.Simulated view of a black hole in front of the Large Magellanic Cloud.\n\n### Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\n### Chèng-tī ūn-tōng\n\n### Kî-á\n\n### Kun-sū\n\n### Sìn-gióng\n\n### Thé-io̍k\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Definition of *achromatic*\". Free Dictionary. August 30, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. 1 2 3 Heller 2009, pp. 105–26.\n3. ↑ Heller, Eva, *Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques* (2009), p. 126\n4. ↑ Eva Heller (2000), *Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques*, pp. 105–27.\n5. ↑ Wald 1984, pp. 299–300\n6. ↑ Schutz, Bernard F. (2003). *Gravity from the ground up*. Cambridge University Press. p. 110. ISBN 0-521-45506-5.\n7. ↑ Davies, P. C. W. (1978). \"Thermodynamics of Black Holes\" (PDF). *Reports on Progress in Physics*. **41** (8): 1313–55. Bibcode:1978RPPh...41.1313D. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/41/8/004. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī May 10, 2013 hőng khó͘-pih.  Unknown parameter `|df=` ignored (help)\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85014515\n* GND: 4180332-2\n* BNF: cb12499413m (data)\n* NKC: ph392431\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"O͘-sek","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1872,3963,0.4723694171082513],"infobox":["
    O͘-sek
    \n 
    \n
    \"About     Sek-chúi chō-piau
    Hex sam-ha̍p\n#000000
    sRGBB  (r, g, b)\n(0, 0, 0)
    CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)\n(0, 0, 0, 100 †)
    HSV       (h, s, v)\n(0°, 0%, 0%)
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    H: Ki-chún-hòa chò [0–100] (chi̍t-pah)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4962}} -{"text":"Chhiⁿ-thoân NGC 3572 kao i-ê chiu-ûi.\n**Sòaⁿ-khui chhiⁿ-thoân** (散開星團) sī tī kāng chi̍t ê hun-chú-hûn lāi-té ê kúi-pah lia̍p kàu kúi-chheng lia̍p hêng-chhiⁿ só͘ hêng-sêng ê chhiⁿ-thoân. Tī Gîn-hô-hē lāi-té í-keng hoat-hiān chì-chió 1,100 ê sòaⁿ-khui chhiⁿ-thoân.\n\nTī in se̍h Gîn-hô-hē tiong-sim ūn-choán ê sî, kan-na óa-khò bî-jio̍k ê tiōng-le̍k kā in giú chò-hóe, koh chin iông-ī in-ūi hām kî-thaⁿ chi̍p-thoân ia̍h khì-thé-hûn ê kīn-kū-lī chiap-chhiok lâi óa-kái.\n\nSòaⁿ-khui chhiⁿ-thoân ê siū-miā thong-siông chí-ū kúi-ek tang, m̄-koh chió-sò͘ chit-liōng te̍k-pia̍t tōa ê ē-tàng chûn-oa̍h kúi-nā cha̍p-ek tang. Chham chit-liōng koh-khah tōa ê kiû-chōng chhiⁿ-thoân sio-pí, sòaⁿ-khui chhiⁿ-thoân khah bô hiah chē lia̍p hêng-chhiⁿ, chûn-oa̍h ê sî-kan mā khah té.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nHêng-chheⁿ-hē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Ū pian-kài | \n* Gîn-hô\n* É-sió gîn-hô\n* Chheⁿ-thoân\n\t+ Kiû-chōng\n\t+ Sòaⁿ-khui\n* Liân-chheⁿ\n* To-chheⁿ\n* He̍k-chheⁿ-hē\n\n |\n| |\n| Bô pian-kài | \n* Chheⁿ-liû\n* Chheⁿ-hia̍p\n* Ūn-tōng chheⁿ-thoân\n\n |\n| |\n| Ba̍k-sī chi̍p-thoân | \n* Jī-têng-chheⁿ\n* To-têng-chheⁿ\n* Seng-chō\n* Hêng-chheⁿ-hûn\n* Chheⁿ-kûn\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Category Lūi-pia̍t\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85127441\n* GND: 4244900-5\n* BNF: cb12435405s (data)\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Sòaⁿ-khui chheⁿ-thoân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[346,1107,0.31255645889792233],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1583}} -{"text":"\n**Sòng Hi-tong** (宋熙東, ᠠᡴᡧᠠᠨ/Akšan, Boán-cho̍k, chó͘-che̍k Liâu-lêng, chhut-siⁿ tī Lāi-bông-kó͘ chū-tī-khu Hèng-an-bêng Ou-lân-hō-te̍k-chhī Pe̍h-lông-tìn ê chi̍t-ê boán-cho̍k ko-kip ti-sek-hūn-chú ke-têng, chó͘-che̍k Liâu-lêng, boán-gí goân-chhòng koa-chhiú Pang-bô͘:RefTag, ū Bông-kó͘-cho̍k hiat-thóng.\n\nSeng-peng\n---------\n\n### Chá-kî Im-ga̍k Seng-gâi\n\nSeng-oa̍h tī Lāi-bông-kó͘ ê Sòng Hi-tong, chū sòe-hàn chiū khai-sí tùi im-ga̍k ū te̍k-pia̍t ê hèng-chhù.\n\n1997-nî, tú-chiah ko-tiong pit-gia̍p ê Sòng Hi-tong ūi-liáu ta̍t-sêng ka-kī ê im-ga̍k-bāng, chi̍t-ê-lâng lâi-kàu Pak-kiaⁿ phah-piàⁿ. Keng chi̍t-ūi bông-kó͘-cho̍k ló-hiong ê kài-siāu jīn-sek liáu Têng-kek-nī Chhong-lông Ga̍k-tūi ê siú-se̍k bé-thâu-khîm-su Choân-sèng. I kāng Sòng Hi-tong tī Chheng-hôa-tōa-o̍h hù-kūn ê chi̍t-ê chiú-pa chhōe-tio̍h chi̍t-hūn kang-chok. Sòng Hi-tong mā in-chhú pat-liáu chi̍t-kóa Tiong-iong Bîn-cho̍k Tōa-o̍h im-ga̍k ha̍k-īⁿ ê sian-siⁿ kah tâng-o̍h, o̍h--liáu chiâⁿ-chōe im-ga̍k ê tì-sek.\n\nChi̍t-nî āu, Sòng Hi-tong sû--liáu chiú-pa ê kang-chok, khì kāng Choân-sèng kah Tô͘-lī-kó͘-nī, Chhong-lông Ga̍k-tūi ê kiàn-pôaⁿ-chhiú) tá-lí lio̍k-im-pîⁿ. Hit kúi-nî sī Sòng Hi-tong siōng-kài khoài-lo̍k ê ha̍k-sip ê sek-an. Sòng Hi-tong tī Lio̍k-im-pîⁿ lāi-bīn chiap-chhiok--tio̍h iā-chōe tāi-su.\n\nKāng Têng-kek-nī lio̍k-im ê sî-choeh, Sòng Hi-tong keng-siong hiòng i chheng-kau chhiùⁿ-koa hong-bīn ê ki-khiáu, siū-ek iā-chōe. Kî-kan, i koh iú-hēng tam-jīm--liáu Tek-tek-má ê koa ê chêng-kî lio̍k-im kang-chok.\n\n### Thoân-sêng Bán-cho̍k Im-ga̍k\n\nIn-ūi ka-kī sī boán-cho̍k-lâng, i it-ti̍t siūⁿ-beh chai-iáⁿ boán-cho̍k ê im-ga̍k kiù-kèng sī sím-mih-khoán.\n\n2006-nî, Sòng Hi-tong jīm-sek--liáu boán-cho̍k tông-pau So͘-le̍k (蘇勒), in nn̄g-ê chòe-tīn chhòng-chok kah kái-phian--liáu iá-chōe boán-gí koa. Āu-piah, Sông Hi-tong iū-koh thong-kòe Sou-le̍k pat--liáu koh-khah-chōe ê tī-leh o̍h boán-gí ê pêng-iú. Kúi-nî sek-an ê ha̍k-sip, i í-keng ū-hoat kiau kî-tha pêng-iú ēng boán-gí kau-liû. Ta̍k-gê keng-siong chòe-tīn ēng boán-gí káng-kó͘, chhiùⁿ-koa. In koh keng-siong khì tang-pak chhái-hong ha̍k-sip.\n\n2009-nî 10-ge̍h, Sòng Hi-tong iū-koh khì O͘-lêng-kang Hù-jū-koān Sam-ka-chú-chhun kah Ou-hô koán-hat ê chhun chhái-hong ha̍k-sip. I tī hit-liah chhōe-tio̍h iá-chōe ū-hoat ēng boán-gí káng-ōe kau-liû ê lāu-lâng. Tong-sî Sòng Hi-tong chiong ka-kī chhòng-chok ê boán-gí koa chhiùⁿ hō͘ lāu-lâng thiaⁿ sî, lāu-lâng ké kám-thàm káng: \"Goân-lâi boán-cho̍k-ōe kah boán-cho̍k-koa koh bōe lak--khì!\". Chit-pái ê chhái-hong keng-iû Kiat-lîm Tiān-sī-tâi hia̍p-chō͘, Tang-pak thoân-mûi Tōa-o̍h ê ha̍k-seng ēng DV lio̍k-siōng chè-chok sêng kì-lio̍k-phìⁿ .\n\n2010-nî 11-ge̍h, Lāi-bông-kó͘ Ūi-sī <Ùi-lâm ê Kò͘-hiong - Im-ga̍k Pō͘-lo̍k> nôa-bo̍k tùi Sòng Hi-tong chìn-hêng--liáu choan-hóng. 12-ge̍h 4-ji̍t iū-koh pò͘-chhut--liáu , ūi koan-chiòng tián-sī--liáu boán-gí koa-khiok kah boán-cho̍k thoân-thóng soat-pō͘ - \"U-la-pún\".\n\nChok-phín\n---------\n\n| Koa-miâ | Bo̍k Lîn-tek Choán-siá | Hàn-gí Miâ | Pī-chù |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| ᡧᠣᠩᡴᠣᡵᠣ | Šongkoro | Hái-tong-chheng (海東青) | |\n| ᡝᡵᡝᠴᡠᠨ | Erecun | Ge̍k-nī-chhun (Ô-lô-chhun, 額爾春) | Pa̍t-miâ Chê-ha-lân (Chhî-ha-lân, 齊哈闌) |\n| ᠠᡵᡴᡳᡠᠴᡠᠨ | Arki Ucun | Chiú-koa (酒歌) | |\n| ᡥᠠᡵᡤᠠᡧᠠᠮᡝ ᠸᡝᠴᡝᡵᡝ ᠠᠯᡳᠨ | Hargašame Wecere Alin | Bōng-chè-soaⁿ (望祭山) | |\n| ᠰᡳᠪᡝ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ | Sibe Sargan Jui | Sek-pek Ko͘-niû (錫伯姑娘) | |\n| ᠠᠨᡩᠠᠰᠠ ‍ᡳ ᠮᡠᠵᡳᠯᡝᠨ | Andasa i Mujilen | Pêng-iú ê Sim (朋友的心) | Pa̍t-miâ Pêng-iú (ᡤᡠᠴᡠ, 朋友) |\n| ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡥᠠᡥᠠᠵᡠᡳ | Manju Hahajui | Boán-ka Gín-á (滿家娃) | |\n| | | Kho-nī-chhìm ê Êng-iāu (科爾沁的榮耀) | |\n| ᠰᠠᡵᠯᠠ | Sarla | Sat-nī-la (薩爾拉) (Hoe-bé, 灰馬) | |\n| ᠮᡠᡴᡨᠠᠴᡠᠨ | Maktacun | Chó͘-kok-siōng (祖國頌) | Pa̍t-miâ \"Kî-hok Tiong-hôa\" (祈福中華) |\n| ᠰᡠᠩᡤᠠᡵᡳ ᡠᠯᠠ ᡝᠨᡩᡠᡵᡳ | Sunggari Ula Enduri | Siông-hoa-kang-sîn (松花江神) | |\n| ᠮᡳᠨᡳ ᠰᡠᡴᠰᡠᡥᡠ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ | Mini Suksuhu Bira | Góa ê So͘-khek-sò͘-hō͘-hô (我的苏克素护河) | |\n| | | Éng-lêng Boán-cho̍k Sió-o̍h Hāu-koa (永陵滿族小學校歌) | |\n| ᠨᠠᡴᠠ | Naka | Thêng (停) | Hoan-chhiùⁿ O͘-khek-lân cho͘-ha̍p \"Sèng-lú thian-thoân\" ê Stop! Stop! Stop! |\n| ᠪᡝᠪᡠ ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ | Bebu Mudan | Io-nâ-khiok (搖籃曲) | |\n| | | Iô-chhang-koa (甩葱歌) (Boán-gí-pán) | Hoan-chhiùⁿ Hun-lân koa-iâu Ievan Polkka |\n\nChham-khó Chu-liāu\n------------------\n\nGōa-pō͘ Liân-chiap\n------------------\n\n* Kiat-lîm Tiān-sī-tâi. \", YouTube\".\n* Lāi-bông-kó͘ Ūi-sī. \"<Ùi-lâm ê Kò͘-hiong - Im-ga̍k Pō͘-lo̍k>, Tiong-kok Bāng-lo̍k Tiān-sī-tâi\".\n* Lāi-bông-kó͘ Ūi-sī. \", YouTube\".\n* Koa-chhiú Sòng Hi-tong ê Sin-lōng Bî-phok","meta":{"title":"Sòng Hi-tong","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1560,4606,0.33868866695614414],"infobox":["
    Sòng Hi-tong
    \n
    Koa-chhiú
    Goân-bûn miâ\nᠠᡴᡧᠠᠨ
    宋熙东
    Lô-má-jī\nAkšan
    Chhiok-hō\n东子、东哥
    Kok-che̍k\n\"\" People's Republic of China
    Chhut-sì\n1979年
    \"\" People's Republic of China内蒙古自治区兴安盟乌兰浩特市白狼镇
    Chit-gia̍p\n歌手
    Gí-giân\n汉语、满语、蒙古语
    Im-ga̍k lūi-hêng\n民族音乐、满族音乐
    Oa̍h-hiáⁿ sî-tāi\n2006年至今
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5154}} -{"text":"IU\n**IU** (Hân-kok-gí: 아이유 *Aiyu*; 1993 nî 5 goe̍h 16 ji̍t chhut-sì ), pún-miâ hō-chò **Lee Ji-eun** (Hân-kok-gí: 이지은/李知恩 *Lí Ti-un*), sī Hân-kok ê cha-bó͘ chhòng-chok koa-chhiú kiam ián-oân. Tiong-ha̍k sî-kî, IU hoat-hiān ka-kī tùi chhiùⁿ-koa ê jia̍t-chêng, só͘-í chham-ka keng-kí kong-si ê soán-poa̍t, lo̍h-bóe tī 2007 nî hām LOEN Entertainment chhiam-io̍k. Tē-jī tang, 15 hòe ê IU hoat-hêng tē-1 tiuⁿ ep *Lost and Found*, khai-sí koa-chhiú ê seng-gâi. Āu-lâi hoat-hêng ê *Growing Up* kap *iu...im* hō͘ i-ê ti-bêng-tō͘ chiām-chiām tiòng-koân. Chin-chiàⁿ hō͘ IU tī Hân-kok kok-lāi toā chhut-miâ sī i tī 2010 nî hoat-hêng ê choan-chi̍p *Real* ê chú-táⁿ kok-khek *Good Day* (좋은 날).\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* IU ê Facebook choan-ia̍h (Hân-kok-gí)\n* IU tī Instagram(Hân-kok-gí)\n* IU ê Twitter bāng-ia̍h (Hân-kok-gí)\n* IU ê Twitter bāng-ia̍h (Hân-kok-gí) (Eng-gí)\n* YouTube YouTube téng ê **IU** pîn-tō (Hân-kok-gí)\n* IU tī Bāng-lō͘ Tiān-iáⁿ Chu-liāu-khò͘\n\n| | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nAPAN Star Awards Lú-chú Chòe Iu-siù Ián-ki Chióng |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n* Kim Nam-joo (2012 nî)\n* Lee Bo-young (2013 nî)\n\n |\n| |\n| tiong-phian iáⁿ-chi̍p | \n* Kim Hee-ae (2014 nî)\n* Kim Hee-sun (2015 nî)\n* Han Hyo-joo (2016 nî)\n* Lee Ji-eun (2018 nî)\n\n |\n| |\n| tn̂g-phian iáⁿ-chi̍p | \n* Kim Hee-sun (2014 nî)\n* Kim Hyun-joo (2015 nî)\n* Kim So-yeon (2016 nî)\n* Shin Hye-sun (2018 nî)\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 313304414\n* LCCN: no2017139012\n* ISNI: 0000 0004 0681 4670\n* MusicBrainz: b9545342-1e6d-4dae-84ac-013374ad8d7c\n* NLA: 53731395\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"IU (koa-chhiú)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[658,1320,0.4984848484848485],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1855}} -{"text":"Thah\n**Thah** ki-pún-tek lâi kóng, sī kí kap chiàm-tē bīn-chek pí--khí-lâi, koân-tō͘ ke chin chē ê kò͘-chō-bu̍t iah kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t. \n\nTī Se-kok ê kiàn-tio̍k lāi-té, thah chú-iàu sī kí kun-sū bo̍k-tek ê oán-bōng-tâi kap ū chong-kàu ì-gī ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t khah chē, nā tī Tâi-oân, Ji̍t-pún, Tiong-kok, Oa̍t-lâm, Hân-kok, Tiâu-sián téng-téng ê tang-hong kok-ka, in-ūi Pu̍t-kàu ê thoân-pò, koh thah tī Pu̍t-kàu--ni̍h ū te̍k-sû ê ì-gī, só͘-í chū-chá ê thah lóng sī kap Pu̍t-kàu ū koan-hē ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t chiàm toā-pō͘-hūn.\n\nHiān-chhú-sî \"thah\" chit-ê sû tī ta̍k-khoán gí-giân lāi-té kap bô-kāng gí-giân tiong-kan iáu khiàm-khoat chin bêng-khak kap it-tì ê tēng-gī, tī Se-kok, ū chi̍t-koá koân ê lâu-á-chhù pún-sin leh hō-miâ ê sî, mā the̍h thah chit-ê sû lâi ēng, (Eng-gí: *tower*).\n\nThah ê bô-kâng lō͘-iōng\n-----------------------\n\nChhin-chhiūⁿ thâu-chêng kóng--ê, thah pún-sin iáu khiàm-khoeh bêng-khak ê tēng-gī, ē-kha sī oân-choân chiàu lō͘-iōng chò piau-chùn ê hun-lūi:\n\n### Kì-liām-sèng\n\nChi̍t-khí-khiàn kóng-tio̍h thah kap Pu̍t-kàu ê koan-hē, in-ūi thah tī tang-hong goân-khí-thâu sī chò siu-la̍p Sek-khia-mô͘-nî ûi-kut ê lō͘-iōng, chū-lâi thah tī ū bu̍t-kàu sìn-gióng ê tē-khu, tō ū Sek-khia-mô͘-nî ê bōng ê ì-gī. Taⁿ tī Tâi-oân, thah mā í-keng khí lâi chò khǹg it-poaⁿ lâng kut-thâu-hu ê só͘-chāi--ah, hō-chò lêng-kut-thah.\nTī Se-kok, thah ū kā tē--ni̍h kap thiⁿ-téng sio-kap-liân ê ì-gī tī-leh, thah mā chiâⁿ-chò chin chē kàu-tn̂g kiàn-tio̍k ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn.\nChong-kàu hong-bīn lia̍h-goā, mā ū tan-sûn ūi-tio̍h kì-liām chiàn-iâⁿ, kiàn-kok he̍k-chiá-sī pa̍t-hāng te̍k-sû sū-kiāⁿ lâi chō ê thah, chiâⁿ-chò to͘-chhī--ni̍h te̍k-sek kéng-koan ê thah tī kīn-tāi chin sî-kiâⁿ.\n### Chò thong-ti iah thong-sìn\n\nKi-tok-kàu kàu-hoē kiàn-tio̍k ê cheng-thah, kap Islam-kàu masjid ê mi-na-le-toh (Eng-gí: *minaret*), tû-liáu chong-kàu-tek ê kì-liām lō͘-iōng, koh ēng lâi chò thong-ti sìn-tô͘ kî-tó, lé-pài téng-téng ê sú-iōng.\nKīn-tāi, chhut-hiān sî-cheng-thah chit-khoán thong-tī sî-kan ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t. Kóng-pò kap Tiān-sī phó-phiàn liáu-āu, ūi-tio̍h hòng-sàng sìn-hō ê tiān-pho-thah, mā sī sio̍k-tī thong-sìn kap thong-ti chit-lūi ê thah.\n### Chò poaⁿ-sàng\n\nKā tiān-soàⁿ iah thong-sìn-soàⁿ keng-koân ê thih-thah, chhāi tī toā-lâu lâu-téng, lī-iōng koân-tō͘ sàng chúi ê chúi-thah téng-téng, lóng sio̍k-tī chit-lūi.\n### Chò kàm-sī\n\nChū kó͘-chá, tō ū tī siâⁿ-piah téng, he̍k-chiá-sī kau-kài khu-he̍k, khí lâi chò kun-sū oán-bōng-tâi ê thah, lēng-goā tī hui-hêng-ki tiûⁿ--ni̍h, mā ū kàm-khoàⁿ kiam chí-hui hui-hêng-ki ê koán-chè-thah tī-leh.\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Towers*** |","meta":{"title":"Thah","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[52,2567,0.02025710946630308],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3025}} -{"text":"\n\n***Sîn ê Chhiú-chih-phō͘*** (神様のメモ帳, *Kami-sama no Memo-chō*?, lit. \"Sîn ê Chhiú-chih-phō͘\") sī Ji̍t-pún chok-ka Sam-chéng Kong (杉井光) siá--ê chi̍t pō͘ khin-sió-soat, chap-tô͘ sī Gān-tiân Mel. Ùi 2007 nî kàu 2014 nî tī Tiān-kek Bûn-khò͘ chhut-pán. Mā bat hông kái-chò bàng-gah kap tōng-oē.\n\nKò͘-sū\n------\n\nTêng-tó Bêng-hái sī chi̍t-ê tī Tang-kiaⁿ tha̍k-chheh ê ko-tiong-siⁿ, i bô siūⁿ-beh kap in tông-o̍h goā chhin-chhiang, soah liân in tông-hak ê miâ lóng bô kì-tiâu. Tān-sī, i ū-chi̍t-kang hō͘ in tông-o̍h Siáu-kiā Chhái-hā giù kàu oân-gē-siā, koh hông soā-kàu NEET Cheng-thàm-toân. In ê toân-tiúⁿ sī Alice, i sī chi̍t-ê chin gâu ê hacker kap cheng-thàm, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ khò i ê lêng-la̍t kái-koat àn-kiāⁿ. Tī kò͘-sū lāi, in tú-tio̍h pah-pah-chéng hoàn-choē àn-kiāⁿ.\n\nJîn-bu̍t\n--------\n\nTêng-tó Bêng-hái (藤島 鳴海, *Fujishima Narumi*?)\nPún-choh Chú-kak, tông-sî mā-sī kò͘-sū-tiong ê tè-it-jîn-chheng. 16 hòe. 10 goe̍h 31 ji̍t siⁿ. Sin-kôaⁿ 164cm, thé-tāng 51 kong-kin. Seⁿ-chò hui-siông pêng-hoân. Bú-chhin í-keng óng-seng à, hū-chhin in-ūi kang-khoeh ê koan-hē, tn̂g-kî bô tī-teh chhù-lāi, in-chhú pêng-sî chhù-ni̍h chí-ū i kap i ê á-ché jî-í.\nAlice (アリス, *Alice*?) / Chú-oán-sī Iú-chú (紫苑寺 有子, *Shionji Yūko*?)\nChū-chheng NEET cheng-thàm ê, nî-lêng bô-chheng-chhó, khòaⁿ-khí-lâi kan-nā 12, 13 hòe ê khoán. Sin-koân 130 kong-hun í-hā. Ū tioh tn̂g-sin ê siang-thúi, tn̂g o͘-hoat. Chhùi-chúi siang-tong lī-hāi, tān kóng-ōe lóng-bē liû-chêng, put-sam-sî káu-liām-lō͘.\nSiáu-kiā Chhái-hā (篠崎 彩夏, *Shinozaki Ayaka*?)\nBêng-hái ê tông-pan tông-ha̍k. Pē-bú hun-khui-tòa, hâm í-chêng kap Chhái-hā kám-chêng chin bē-hó ê a-hiaⁿ mā chin-chió ū ki-hōe kìⁿ-bīn. Tī \"Hoa-oân Gōa-séng-tiām\" kiam-chit.\nBêng Thâu-ke (明, *ミンさん*?, Min) / N̂g Bêng-lē (黄明麗, *Fan Min-Lī*?)\nTiong Ji̍t ê poà-hóng-á. Pún-chêng sī lé o̍h chò ke-nn̄g-peng, āu-lâi khui goā-séng-tiām ê lāu-pē sit-chong, chí-hó tǹg-lâi kè-sêng i ê tiām.\nA-tiat (テツ, *A-tiat*?) / It-kiong Tiat-hiông (一宮 哲雄, *Ichinomiya Tetsuo*?)\nNEET Cheng-thàm-thoân lāi siong gâu sio-phah ê. Ùi Bêng-hái tha̍h ê M-tiong thêng-o̍h ê ha̍k-tiúⁿ. Bat phah koè bo̍k-sèng, m̄-koh chit-má hong-kiáu. Khah-chá tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sio-phah, hông lia̍h-khì kéng-kio̍k, só͘-í kap o͘-tō mā chin sek.\nSiàu-hāu (少佐, *Shōsa*?) / Hiòng-chéng Kun (向井 均, *Mukai Hitoshi*?)\nHū-chek siu-chi̍p chêng-pò ê. Chin gâu chiap-thiaⁿ kap thau-hip. Seⁿ-chò chhin-siū gín-á, soah sī tāi-ha̍k-siⁿ. Mī-tio̍h kun-sū. Ū tāi-ha̍k kàu-siū lóng o-ló ê tiān-chú-kang-têng tì-sek kap kì-sut.\nHông-á (ヒロ, *Hiro*?) / Song-goân Hông-bêng (桑原 宏明, *Kuwabara Hiroaki*?)\nCheng-thàm-thoân ê kong-koan, iân-tâu, chhùi-chúi koh hó. Kî-sit sī chi̍t-ê chia̍h-nńg-pn̄g ê. Tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kap cha-bó͘ sio-kàn. Gâu lī-iōng bat ê cha-bó͘ the̍h-tio̍h só͘-cha ê chu-liāu.\nTē-sì-tāi (四代目, *Yondaime*?) / Chô͘-chhun Chòng-it-lông (雛村 壮一郎, *Hinamura Sōichirō*?)\nPháiⁿ-kiáⁿ ê thâu-lâng. Kah-chá toà tī Koan-se, chhù-lāi sī chò seng-lí ê. Kap Bêng-hái sī oāⁿ-thiap--è.\n\nBàng-gah\n--------\n\nTiv só kái ê bàng-gah ùi 2010 nî 8 goe̍h kàu 2012 nî 9 goe̍h tī Goe̍h-khan Tiān-kek Tāi-ông liân-chāi.\n\nTōng-oē\n-------\n\nTōng-oē tī 2011 nî 7 goe̍h kàu 9 goe̍h hòng-sàng, J.C.Staff chè-chok.\n\nGoā-pō͘ Liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Official *Kami-sama no Memo-chō* anime website (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n* *Kami-sama no Memo-chō* at Tiān-kek Bûn-khò͘ (Ji̍t-pún-gí)","meta":{"title":"Sîn ê Chhiú-chih-phō͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[551,3631,0.15174882952354724],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Sîn ê Chhiú-chih-phō͘
    神様のメモ帳
    Lô-má-jīKami-sama no Memo-chō
    Lūi-hêngMystery
    \nLight novel
    Chok-chiá\nSam-chéng Kong
    Chap-tô͘\nGān-tiân Mel
    Chhut-pán\nASCII Media Works
    Tùi-siōng\nMale
    Bûn-khò͘\nTiān-kek Bûn-khò͘
    Liân-chāi\nJanuary 25, 2007 – September 10, 2014
    Chip-sò͘\n9
    \nBàng-gah
    Chok-chiá\nSam-chéng Kong
    Illustrated by\nTiv
    Chhut-pán\nASCII Media Works
    Demographic\nShōnen
    Cha̍p-chì\nDengeki Daioh
    Original run\nAugust 2010 – September 2012
    Volumes\n3
    Pang-bô͘ soat-bêng
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3763}} -{"text":"**O˙-ta̍t-á** (hàn-jī: 烏笛仔) sī 1 chióng se-iûⁿ ga̍k-khì, sio̍k-î bo̍k-kńg lūi, 1690 nî chiaⁿ-go̍eh 14 tī Tek-kok Nuremberg hoat-bêng.\n\nBb o͘-ta̍t-á (Boehm hē-thóng)\nChoan-gia̍p-te̍k ê o·-ta̍t-á khak sī \"tēng-chhâ\" (*hardwood*) chò--ê, te̍k-pia̍t sī Hui-chiu ê *grenadilla* a̍h-sī Honduras ê *rosewood*. Sai-á ga̍k-khì it-poaⁿ sī sok-ka--ê (thong-siông sī *ebonite*). O·-ta̍t-á sī tan-hông (*single reed*), chàu-ga̍k-chiá kā *reed* kâm tī chhùi-lāi, pûn hong hō· reed ē tín-tāng tō ē chhut siaⁿ.\n\n*O·-ta̍t-á* chit-ê bêng-sû biô-siá ga̍k-khì ê sek-tì (it-poaⁿ seⁿ-sêng o·-sek) kap i ê hêng (sêng ta̍t-á), só·-í mā kiò chò **o·-kńg**. Bîn-kan ū-sî ē chheng-ho· i sī 1-chióng \"kó·-chhoe\".\n\nTâi-oân chhut-miâ ê o·-ta̍t-á ga̍k-ka pau-koat Ông Kiat-soan (jazz, liû-hêng-koa).\n\nSòaⁿ-téng chu-gôan\n------------------\n\n* 黑達仔的家\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | *Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ pún-té khan tī holopedia.net.* |\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:Clarinets*** |","meta":{"title":"O͘-ta̍t-á","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[122,887,0.1375422773393461],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1130}} -{"text":"Puto cross wikiabuse\n\nCuando alguien me amaba, me sentía tan feliz
Los momentos que pasamos los recuerdo bien
Siempre en su pesar, yo sus lágrimas sequé
Su alegría compartí también cuando me amó\nDe estación en estación, entre los dos había unión
Y nada más nosotras como debía ser
Y si sola estaba la solía acompañar
Así fue cuando me amó\nEl tiempo pasó, yo soy igual más poco a poco me olvidó
Sola me quedé pero espero aún oír su voz diciendo yo te amo
Olvidada estaba cuando ella me encontró, me sostuvo como antes
De nuevo me sonrió, pues me amaba, si me amaba\nCuando alguien me amaba, me sentía tan feliz
Los momentos que pasamos los recuerdo bien\nCuando me amó\n\n \n\n```\n**Sòaⁿ-téng pek-kho-choân-su** sī tī bāng-chè bāng-lō͘ téng kong-khai hō͘ bāng-iú cha-oa̍t ê pek-kho-choân-su. Sòaⁿ-téng pek-kho-choân-su ū khai-hòng kap hui-khai-hòng nn̄g chióng. Sòaⁿ-téng pek-kho-choân-su mā hō-chò **sò͘-ūi pek-kho-choân-su**, sī thang thong-kòe bāng-chè bāng-lō͘ chûn-chhú ê pek-kho-choân-su. Sú-iōng bāng-chè bāng-lō͘ kiàn-li̍p bián-hùi pek-kho-choân-su ê siūⁿ-hoat chì-chió ē-tàng tui-sò͘ kàu 1994 nî ê Interpedia thê-àn, i kè-ōe múi chi̍t ê lâng lóng ē-sái hiòng i thê-kiong châi-liāu.\n```","meta":{"title":"Sòaⁿ-téng pek-kho-choân-su","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1093,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1292}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \nCultural/historical Tibet (highlighted) depicted with various competing territorial claims. |\n|   | Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê Se-chōng Chū-tī-khu |\n|   | Liû-bông jîn-sū soan-kò ê Se-chông le̍k-sú hōan-ûi |\n|   | Chèng-hú jīn-ûi ê Chōng-cho̍k khiā-khí hōan-ûi |\n|   | Tiong-kok khòng-chè ê Aksai Chin tē-khu |\n|   | Ìn-tō khòng-chè ê tē-khu |\n|   | Kî-thaⁿ ê Se-chōng bûn-hòa tē-khu |\n\n**Se-chōng** (Hàn-jī: 西藏; Chōng-gí: བོད་; Eng-gí: Tibet) sī Chheng-Chōng ko-gôan kūn Nepal, Bhutan kap Ìn-tō͘ ê chi̍t-ê tē-khu, tû-liáu hiān-sî Tiong-kok ê Se-chōng Chū-tī-khu í-gōa, Chheng-hái, Sù-chhoan, Hûn-lâm, Kam-siok, kap hū-kūn kok-ka iā-ū pō͘-hūn sī Se-chōng bûn-hòa, ia̍h-sī Chōng-cho̍k khiā-khí hōan-ûi.\n\nChōng-gí kiò Se-chōng hō-chòe *Bod* (བོད་); Tiong-kok Tông-tiâu kap Sòng-tiâu sî-tāi kiò Se-chōng kiò \"Thó͘-hoan\" (Hàn-jī: \"吐蕃\", Hàn-gí Pheng-im: tǔfān), hit-tong-sî Se-chōng Tè-kok chham Tiong-kok nn̄g-ê sè-le̍k ū-sî-á ē hoat-seng chiàn-cheng. \n\nKīn-tāi ê Se-chōng léng-tō-chiá sī Dalai Lama, sī 17 sè-kí chó-iū khak-li̍p tùi Se-chōng ê khòng-chè. Hiān-jīm Dalai Lama sī Tenzin Gyatso, in-ūi Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok tùi Se-chōng ê chiàm-niá, hiān-sî liû-bông Ìn-tō͘.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 147680426\n* LCCN: n79100917\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 1781 6290\n* SUDOC: 027251705\n* BNF: cb11933498v (data)\n* NDL: 00572956\n* NKC: ge131050\n* BNE: XX4575409\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Se-chōng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[461,1245,0.37028112449799194],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1624}} -{"text":"\n\nTāi-khì kho-ha̍k| |\n| Tāi-khì bu̍t-lí-ha̍kTāi-khì tōng-le̍k-ha̍k (lūi-pia̍t)Tāi-khì hòa-ha̍k (lūi-pia̍t) |\n| Khì-siōng-ha̍k |\n| Thiⁿ-khì (lūi-pia̍t)Jia̍t-tài kē-khì-ap (lūi-pia̍t) |\n| Khì-hāu-ha̍k |\n| Khì-hāu (lūi-pia̍t)Khì-hāu piàn-tōng (lūi-pia̍t)Choân-kiû sio-lo̍h-hoà (lūi-pia̍t) |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n**Khì-hāu** (氣候; Eng-bûn: *climate*) sī chi̍t ê te̍k-tēng só͘-chāi tn̂g-sî-kan ê thiⁿ-khì kui-lu̍t kap choán-piàn. Khì-hāu ê chhek-liông su-iàu tī te̍k-tēng ê só͘-chāi, keng-kòe tn̂g-sî-kan bô-keng-tn̄g ê chham-sò͘ siu-chi̍p kap phêng-kó͘. Chia ê chham-sò͘ pau-hâm un-tō͘, sip-tō͘, tāi-khì ap-le̍k, hong, kàng-chúi, iah-koh-ū chē-chē kî-thaⁿ piàn-liōng. Khì-hāu hām thiⁿ-khì bô-kāng, thiⁿ-khì kan-nā biâu-su̍t te̍k-tēng só͘-chāi té-sî-kan ê tāi-khì chōng-thài.\n\nChi̍t ê só͘-chāi ê khì-hāu sī iû **khì-hāu hē-thóng** (氣候系統) ê gō͘ ê cho͘-sêng pō͘-hūn sán-seng, hun-pia̍t sī: tē-kiû ê tāi-khì, súi-khoan, peng-soat-khoan, giâm-se̍k-khoan, kap seng-bu̍t-khoan.\n\nChi̍t ê só͘-chāi ê khì-hāu ē siū-tio̍h hūi-tō͘, tē-sè, hái-poa̍t, kap chúi-he̍k téng-téng in-sò͘ ê éng-hióng.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ NASA. \"What's the Difference Between Weather and Climate?\".\n2. ↑ AR4 SYR Synthesis Report Annexes. Ipcc.ch. Retrieved on 2011-06-28.","meta":{"title":"Khì-hāu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[423,1231,0.3436230706742486],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1442}} -{"text":"**Kî-hoàn bûn-ha̍k** (奇幻文學), ia̍h **hoàn-sióng bûn-ha̍k** (幻想-), kóng ê sī bûn-ha̍k lūi ê kî-hoàn chok-phín, it-poaⁿ chú-iàu sī teh kóng kî-hoàn sió-soat. Kóng-gī siōng, hâm-iú kî-hoàn iàu-sò͘ ê bûn-ha̍k chok-phín iā pau-hâm chāi\nlāi, chhan-chhiūⁿ hiân-hoàn sió-soat, bú-kiap sió-soat kap kó͘-chá liû-thoân ê gín-á-kò͘, sîn-ōe kap bîn-kan thoân-kî kò͘-sū.\n\nTī kó͘-chá liû-thoân ê tông-ōe kò͘-sū kap sîn-ōe tiong, ū tōa-liōng ê kî-hoàn iàu-sò͘, che mā sī hiān-tāi kî-hoàn bûn-ha̍k ê khí-goân. Tiong-sè ê khî-sū bûn-ha̍k kap kīn-tāi ê Ko-te̍k bûn-ha̍k chiâⁿ-chò hiān-tāi kî-hoàn bûn-ha̍k ê chô͘-hêng. Lo̍h-bóe tī *Chhiú-chí Ông* chhut-hiān liáu-āu, kî-hoàn bûn-ha̍k ê hun-lūi chiah tau̍h-tau̍h-á tu̍t-hián chhut-lâi, pēng-chhiáⁿ hoat-iông-kong-tāi, éng-hióng ji̍t-āu ê kî-hoàn bûn-ha̍k chok-phín.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* NDL: 01181306\n* NKC: ph120132\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kî-hoàn bûn-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[43,851,0.05052878965922444],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1050}} -{"text":"Nomo Hideo.\n**Nomo Hideo**(野茂 英雄; 1968/08/31-) sī khah-tsá NPB kah MLB ê Ji̍t-pún tsiànn-tshiú tâu-tshiú. Nomo tsá-kî tī Ji̍t-pún huat-tián liáu tsin sîng-kong; tsū 1990 nî kàu 1994 nî ê kî-kan, i tī Osaka Buffaloes tâu-kiû. Nomo āu-lâi lī-khui Ji̍t-pún, ka-ji̍p Los Angeles Dodgers. 1995 nî 5 gue̍h 2 hō, Nomo sîng-uî tē-sann uī tī MLB pí-sài ê A-tsiu tâu-tshiú (tsîng nn̄g uī sī Murakami Masanori kah Phok Tsàn-hō). Nomo ê sîng-kong kóo-lē lú lâi lú tsē ê Ji̍t-pún tâu-tshiú tsiân-óng Bí-kok thiáu-tsiàn MLB.\n\nNomo tī MLB pí-sài 13 ê kiû-kuì, tuà kuè lóng-tsóng 8 ki bô-kāng ê kiû-tuī. 2008 nî thè-hiu. Tī i ê sing-gâi tiong, i bat tit-tio̍h 1995 nî ê *Rookie of the Year Award*. I sam-tsín ê kì-lo̍k tī MLB pâi-miâ tē-jī; i mā bat tâu kuè 2 tiûnn bô an-tánn pí-sài (uî-it ū tâu kuè tsì-tsió 1 tiûnn ê Ji̍t-pún tâu-tshiú). Nomo tsit-tsūn tuà tī Bí-kok California ê Los Angeles.\n\nJi̍t-pún ê sîng-kong\n--------------------\n\nNomo tsi̍t khai-sí sī Ji̍t-pún 1988 Jua̍h-lâng Olympics iá-kiû tāi-piáu-tuī ê sîng-guân, hit nî Ji̍t-pún tsuè-āu tit-tio̍h gîn-pâi. Keh-tńg-nî, i ji̍p-suán Osaka Buffaloes, khai-sí i ê tsit-gia̍p sing-gâi. Nomo tī 1990 nî khai-sí sian-huat, i kiann--lâng ê piáu-hiān (18 sìng 8 pāi) liâm-mi tit-tio̍h kok-kài ê tiōng-sī; kìng-ka hōo lâng o-ló ê sī Nomo tī 235 kio̍k í-lāi, lóng-tsóng tâu tshut 287 pái sam-tsín.","meta":{"title":"Nomo Hideo","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1231,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1482}} -{"text":"**Powell Ô͘** sī Bí-kok Colorado hô tē-2-tōa ê jîn-kong-ô͘, tiàm-tī Arizona ham Utah kau-kài ê só͘-chāi. Kū-tóe sī hō-chò Glen kiap, 1963 nî tī Page khí 1-ê chúi-pà kā i kui-ê im-tī chúi-tóe, piàn-chò 1-ê ô͘. Powell ô͘ sī chúi-khò͘ mā sī iû-lám ê só͘-chāi.\n\nPowell ô͘ ê kéng-tì.\n\nChúi-khò͘\n---------\n\nPowell ô͘ sī Colorado hô tē-2-tōa ê chúi-khò͘, phēng chúi-bóe ê Mead ô͘ khah sè-·chı̍t·sut·á. 1956 nî khai-sí khí Glen kiap chúi-pà, keng-kè 8 tang chiah khí hó-sè, lóng-chóng ēng 400-bān lı̍p-hong kong-chhioh ê âng-mn̂g-thô͘. Koh lâi ēng 3 tang ê sî-kan chng hoat-tiān-ki, kàu 1966 nî chiah chéng-sek khai-sí tún-chúi. Ô͘ siōng chhim ê só͘-chāi ū 170 kong-chhioh, pêng-kun sī 40m, ōe-tàng tún 330-ek lı̍p-hong kong-chhioh ê chúi, it-tit kàu 1980 nî chiah thâu-chı̍t-kài tún kah tīⁿ. Chit-kúi-nî khó͘-hoāⁿ, ô͘-chúi chhun khah liám 1-poàⁿ.\n\nGlen kiap chúi-pà āu-piah tō sī Powell ô͘.\n\nIû-lám\n------\n\nTiong-tàu-sî ê Lêng-iûⁿ kiap\nBí-kok ê Kok-ka kong-hn̂g ho̍k-bū-chhù tī chia siat-lı̍p Glen kiap iû-lám khu, 1-tang ū 200-gōa-bān lâng khì chhit-thô. Chú-iàu ê gī-niū sī tiò-hî, sái-chûn, lō͘-iâⁿ kap peh-soaⁿ.\n\nHù-kīn thang-hó chhit-thô ê só͘-chāi ū\n\n* Khêng-kiô kok-ka kó͘-chek sái-chhia bô-hoat-tō͘ kàu-ūi, ài chē-chûn khì.\n* Lêng-iûⁿ kiap sī téng-koâⁿ oe̍h ē-kha khoah ê kiap. Kam-á-sek ê soaⁿ-piah tī jı̍t-thâu chiò-·lo̍h-lâi ê sî sek-chúi chiâⁿ-chán, kah-ì lia̍p-iáⁿ ê lâng chiâⁿ-hèng khì. Nā lo̍h-hō͘ ê sî sī chúi beh kè ê só͘-chāi, 1997 nî bat ū lâng hō͘ chúi lâu-·khì, chit-má kui-tēng ài seng-khì Page ê lú-hêng-siā chù-bûn, ū lâng chhōa chiah ōe-tàng khì.\n* Thih-tê oan tī ô͘-ê chúi-bóe bô-jōa-hn̄g ê só͘-chāi, Colorado hô oat 1-ê 180° ê oan kan-na thih-bé-tê ê hêng. Ū lō͘ thang peh khì soaⁿ-téng khoàⁿ sai-chiò-jı̍t, mā ōe-tàng ùi koh-khah chúi-bóe ê Lees bé-thâu chē-chûn khì iû-lám.\n* Glen kiap chúi-pà ê pān-kong-se̍k ū chhōa-lâng khì chham-koan chùi-pà lōe-pō͘, m̄-bián khioh-chîⁿ.\n\nLake Powell Map\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:Lake Powell*** |","meta":{"title":"Powell Ô͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[815,1943,0.41945445187853836],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2326}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?**Âng-hoe iá-khan-gû** |\n| --- |\n| Âng-hoe iá-khan-gû ê hoe |\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n| A-kài: | Tracheobionta |\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n| A-kong: | Asteridae |\n| Ba̍k: | Solanales |\n| Kho: | Convolvulaceae |\n| Sio̍k: | *Ipomoea* |\n| Chéng: | ***I. tribola*** |\n\n |\n| **Siang-bêng-hoat** |\n| ***Ipomoea tribola***? |\n\n**Âng-hoe iá-khan-gû** (Hàn-jī: 紅花野牽牛; Eng-gí: red flower morning-glory; ha̍k-miâ: *Ipomoea triloba*) kui-sio̍k-î soân-hoe-kho (*Convolvulaceae*), sī chi̍t-nî-seng, soan-tîn-sèng, chháu-chit tîn-pún si̍t-bu̍t. Tī Tâi-oân i hun-pò͘ tī tiong-pō͘ kap lâm-pō͘ ê pêⁿ-tē iá-gōa kap kē hái-poat soaⁿ-khu, seⁿ tī chhiū-nâ-á piⁿ-á, lō͘-piⁿ, pha-hng-tē. I kah-ì kui-kang he̍k-chiá-sī pòaⁿ-kang ū ji̍t ê khoân-kéng. \n\nKui-nî-thàu-tang lóng-ū khui-hoe. I-ê hoe chiâⁿ kiaⁿ ji̍t-thâu-kng, ji̍t-thâu chi̍t pha̍k toh ha̍p--khí-lâi, kan-taⁿ tī tháu-chá he̍k-chiá-sī bô-ji̍t ê só͘-chāi chiah ē-tàng khòaⁿ tio̍h hoe khui. Iah-m̄-koh i-ê hoe ē-tàng tòng 3~7 kang, sǹg-sī khan-gû-hoe-lūi lāi-té hoe-lúi siū-miāⁿ siāng-tn̂g--ê.\n\nHêng-thāi\n---------\n\nHio̍h-á sī lio̍h-lio̍h-á khah khoah he̍k-chiá-sī khah îⁿ ê sim-hêng; hio̍h-á ê pian-iân sī choân-iân, chho͘ ê kí-á-khí-iân, he̍k-chiá-sī 3 ê chhim-lia̍t.\n\nHoe sio̍k-î ha̍p-pān-hoe hit-khoán sī lah-pah-hêng; hoe-sek hún-âng-á-sek, lah-pah lāi-té chí-âng-sek; hoe ê ti̍t-kèng 1~2 mm; hoe ùi hio̍h-á ê kòe-hiⁿ-khang seⁿ-chhut, chū-sàn-hoe-sū (聚繖花序); chhû-hiông-kang-tu, hiông-lúi ū 5 lúi, chú-pâng ū iù-mo͘.\n\nKóe-chí sī kiû-hêng ê sok-kó (蒴果), ti̍t-kèng 0.5~0.7 cm, ū iù-mo͘, chéng-chí sī o͘-sek--ê.\n\nTô͘\n---\n\n* Kui-châng\n* Hawaiʻi","meta":{"title":"Âng-hoe iá-khan-gû","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[263,1491,0.17639168343393696],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1866}} -{"text":"Britney Spears\n**Britney Jean Spears** (1981 nî 12 goe̍h 2 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê koa-chhiú.\n\nChhut-sin\n---------\n\nSpears sī Mississippi ê McComb chhut-sì--ê, pē-bú sī Lynne Irene Bridges kap James Parnell Spears. I bú-hē ê a-má sī Eng-lân-lâng. Saⁿ-hòe sî, Spears tio̍h ùi i só͘ khiā-khí ê Louisiana ê Kentwood siâⁿ siōng-khò o̍h thiàu-bú. I tùi sè-hàn sî tio̍h tiāⁿ chham-ka chiū lāi ê ta̍t-jîn-sió͘ (*talent show*).\n\n8-hòe sî, i kap lāu-bú Lynne chò-hóe kòe Georgia ê Atlanta siâⁿ chham-ka *The Mickey Mouse Club* sin pán chhì-ián, sui-jiân hông kī-choat m̄-koh hông kài-siàu khí New York City ê châi-gē gia̍p-bū Nancy Carson. Him-sióng Spears siaⁿ-im ê Carson kiàn-gī ji̍p Choan-gia̍p Piáu-ián Gē-su̍t Ha̍k-hāu (*Professional Performing Arts School*), bô lōa kú Lynn chiō chhōa cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ sóa kòe New York.\n\nSū-gia̍p\n--------\n\nSpears ê thâu chi̍t tiuⁿ choan-chi̍p sī *...Baby One More Time*, 1999 nî 1 goe̍h 12 hoat-hêng.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. ↑ \"Britney Spears, Teen Queen: Rolling Stone's 1999 Cover Story\". *Rolling Stone*. 2011. January 22, 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 76495483\n* LCCN: no99013919\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 0989 8265\n* GND: 122153472\n* SELIBR: 366178\n* SUDOC: 083986677\n* BNF: cb13753469m (data)\n* BIBSYS: 1012184\n* MusicBrainz: 45a663b5-b1cb-4a91-bff6-2bef7bbfdd76\n* NLA: 40040207\n* NDL: 001094163\n* NKC: jn20000701684\n* BNE: XX1481465\n* CiNii: DA13282889\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Britney Spears","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[383,1244,0.30787781350482313],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1599}} -{"text":"**Kî-hoàn** (奇幻), kó͘-chá kóng **iau-siūⁿ** (妖想), sī hi-kò͘ chok-phín ê chi̍t ê lūi-hêng, piáu-hiān ê hêng-sek ū sió-soat, tiān-iáⁿ, kòe-ōe, bān-ōe, kak-sek pān-ián iû-hì téng. In-ê kò͘-sū kiat-kò͘ thong-siông í sîn-ōe, chong-kàu kap kó͘-chá thoân-soat chò pōe-kéng siat-tēng, só͘-í ū in te̍k-pia̍t ê sè-kài-koan.\n\nKî-hoàn chok-phín ê kò͘-sū pōe-kéng thong-siông hoat-seng tī hām hiān-si̍t sè-kài kui-lu̍t bô-kāng ê kè-khang sè-kài tiong, he̍k-chiá sī tī hiān-si̍t tē-kiû tiong ka-ji̍p chhiau-chū-jiân ê in-sò͘. Kî-hoàn chit-chióng tê-châi chham kho-hoàn, khióng-pò͘, tông-ōe téng ū koan-hē, m̄-koh bô-kāng. Kî-hoàn ê te̍k-tiám sī sîn-ōe-sek ê sióng-siōng kap thàm-soh. Sîn-ōe thoân-soat in-ūi goân-chū bîn-kan thoân-soat, bô sio̍k tī kî-hoàn, tān-sī in sī kî-hoàn chok-phín ê\ntiōng-iàu lêng-kám lâi-goân.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85047114\n* NDL: 00979784\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kî-hoàn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[46,865,0.05317919075144509],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1065}} -{"text":"Ē-ham chiàⁿ-pêng éng-kiú-khí, ùi koân-téng khoàⁿ--lo̍h-khì\n**Mn̂g-khí** (Eng-gí: incisor), koh kiò-chòe **chhiat-khí**, sī ī-hêng-khí (*heterodont*) chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t ê tē-1-khoán chhùi-khí. Tī chiâⁿ-chē chháu-si̍t-sèng (*herbivorous*) kap cha̍p-si̍t-sèng (*omnivorous*) ê chhī-ni-tōng-bu̍t, chhan-chhiūⁿ jîn-lūi kap bé-á, in-ê mn̂g-khí ián-hòa chòe píⁿ-píⁿ-po̍h-po̍h, chhiat-toan lāi-lāi ê gōa-hêng, hó lâi chhiat-tn̄g chia̍h-mi̍h. Tī niau-kho-tōng-bu̍t, in-ê mn̂g-khí khah-bô ēng--tio̍h, lóng-sī ēng kak-khí kap carnassial lâi thiah-kā. Chhiūⁿ ê mn̂g-khí í-keng ián-hòa chòe tn̂g-loh-loh ê chiam-gê, hō-chòe chhiūⁿ-gê. Gia̍t-khí-tōng-bu̍t (*rodent*), chhan-chhiūⁿ niáu-chhí-á, in-ê mn̂g-khí ti̍t-ti̍t hoat-tn̂g, tio̍h-ài mî-nōa kheh mi̍h-kiāⁿ bôa-té mn̂g-khí lâi î-chhî sek-tòng ê tn̂g-tō·. \n\nJîn-lūi ū 8 khí mn̂g-khí; ah\n, niau-á, bé-á, kap chi̍t-kóa-á lêng-tióng-tōng-bu̍t ū 12 khí; gia̍t-khí-tōng-bu̍t ū 4 khí, tò·-á ū 8 khí.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Media related to Incisors at Wikimedia Commons\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nGê-khí kái-phòa-ha̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Beng-miâ-hoat | \n* Glossary of dentistry\n* Universal Numbering System\n\n |\n| |\n| Lâng ê chhùi-khí | \n* Éng-kiú-khí\n\t+ Mn̂g-khí\n\t+ Kak-khí\n\t+ Sió-āu-chan\n\t+ Āu-chan\n* Ni-khí\n\n |\n| |\n| Siōng-go̍k-kut ê chhùi-khí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mn̂g-khí | \n* Chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí\n* Lateral incisor\n* Canine\n\n |\n| |\n| Sió-āu-chan | \n* First premolar\n* Second premolar\n\n |\n| |\n| Āu-chan | \n* First molar\n* Second molar\n* Tē-3 tōa-kiū-khí\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Hā-go̍k-kut ê chhùi-khí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mn̂g-khí | \n* Central incisor\n* Lateral incisor\n* Canine\n\n |\n| |\n| Sió-āu-chan | \n* First premolar\n* Second premolar\n\n |\n| |\n| Āu-chan | \n* First molar\n* Second molar\n* Tē-3 tōa-kiū-khí\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Chhùi-khí ê kok-pō͘-hūn | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Crown | \n* Cusp\n\t+ Cusp of Carabelli\n* Zuckerkandl's tubercle\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Khí-chhoé\n* Kin-kńg tī-liâu\n\t+ Apical foramen\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Cementoenamel junction\n* Khí-iū-chit\n* Dental-enamel junction\n* Khí-pún-chit\n* Dental papilla\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Mamelon\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Dental alveolus\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* GND: 4179857-0\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Mn̂g-khí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[776,1754,0.44241733181299886],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2847}} -{"text":"\n**Se-chōng Ông-kok** (བོད་) ia̍h-sī **Bod Ông-kok**, sī Se-chōng tī 1912 nî kàu 1951 nî chi-kan si̍t-chè chûn-chāi ê 1-ê to̍k-li̍p chèng-tī si̍t-thé. Chiah kok-kâ hō͘ Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok kiò chè „Se-chōng Tē-hng\" (西藏地方), m̄-kè Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chèng-hú bô-hoat-tō͘ thóng-tī i.\n\n1912 nî, Hàn-tē (漢地) hoat-seng Sin-hāi Kek-bēng, Boán-chheng bia̍t-bông, sêng-li̍p Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok. Dalai Lama 13-sè tī Lhasa soan-pò͘ Se-chōng to̍k-li̍p. Chiah kok-kâ tī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn ê sî-hāu kap Nazi Tek-kok, Tāi-ji̍t-pún Tè-kok ê koan-hē bē-bái.\n\n1950 nî, Tiong-kok Jîn-bîn Kái-hòng-kun hoat-tōng Chamdo Chiàn-e̍k, Se-chōng hō͘ i phah su. Dalai Lama 14-sè phài lâng khì Liân-ha̍p-kok khòng-kò Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok „chhim-lio̍k\", m̄-kò bô lâng chhap i. 1951 nî, Se-chōng chèng-hú kap Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok chèng-hú chhiam-tēng Cha̍p-chhit-tiâu hia̍p-gī, chèng-sek tâu-hâng, kái chè Tiong-kok ê Se-chōng Chū-tī-khu.\n\nKoh Khoàⁿ\n---------\n\n* Se-chōng to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng\n* Chōng-jîn Hêng-chèng Tiong-iong","meta":{"title":"Se-chōng Ông-kok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[900,1813,0.49641478212906787],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n
    Se-chōng
    བོད་
    Bod
    \n1912 nî–1951 nî
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Se-chōng
    \n
    kî-á
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Se-chōng
    \n
    bûn-chiong
    \n
    \n
    \nKok-koa: \"Gyallu\"
    \n
    Siú-to͘
    kap siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī
    		\nLhasa
    Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân\nChōng-gí
    Chong-kàu
    		\nSe-chōng Hu̍t-kàu
    Chèng-hú\ntan-it-chè, Hu̍t-kàu kok-ka, choa̍t-tùi kun-chú-chè, sîn-chú-chú-gī
    Dalai Lama\n 
    • 1912–1933
    		\nThubten Gyatso
    • 1937–1951
    		\nTenzin Gyatso
    siú-siòng\n 
    • 1907–1920
    		\nChankhyim Trekhang Thupten Shakya
    • 1950–1952
    		\nLukhangwa Tsewang Rabden
    Le̍k-sú\n 
    • Kiàn-li̍p
    		\n1912 nî 7 goe̍h
    • Pang-hoāi
    		\n1951 nî 5 goe̍h 23 ji̍t
    Bīn-chek
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n1,221,600 km2 (471,700 sq mi)
    Jîn-kháu
    • 1945
    		\n1,000,000
    Hoè-pè\nSe-chōng skar, Se-chōng srang, Se-chōng tangka
    Sî-khu\nUTC+5:30 kàu +6:00 (Kun-lûn Sin-Chhōng Sî-khu)
    Khui-chhia hong-hiòng\nchó (kàu 1946 nî)
    iū (tùi 1946 nî)
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    í-chêng kok-ka    		í-āu kok-ka
    \n\n\n\n\n
    \"\"Chheng-kok léng Se-chōng
    		\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Se-chōng Tē-hng\"\"
    Chōng-jîn Hêng-chèng Tiong-iong\"\"
    Taⁿ siok-tī\n\"\" Tiong-kok
    ∟ Se-chōng Chū-tī-khu
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1131}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Âng-bûn-hún-tia̍p |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Arthropoda |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Insecta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Lepidoptera |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chhiau-kho: | Papilionoidea |\n| Kho: | Pieridae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Delias* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***D. hyparete*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Delias hyparete***Linnaeus, 1758 |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Âng-bûn-hún-tia̍p** (Hàn-jī: 紅紋粉蝶; ha̍k-miâ: *Delias hyparete*) sī 1 khoán ô·-tia̍p. I ê si̍t-kó· thí-khui ū 60 kàu 70 mm. Kang--ê ê si̍t-kó· piáu-bīn té-sek sī pe̍h-sek, koân-téng-si̍t-kó· ê thâu-chêng-gōa-kháu oat-kak hit-tah kap ē-kha-si̍t-kó· gōa-kháu pian-iân ū o·-sek ê pan; ē-kha-si̍t-kó· pak-tó· hit-bīn ū n̂g-sek, pe̍h-sek, o·-sek, kap âng-sek ê pan kap sòaⁿ-bûn. Bó--ê ê si̍t-kó· piáu-bīn o·-sek ê pan khah-chē, si̍t-me̍h ê só·-chāi lóng-sī o·-sek--ê. Sêng-thâng (tōa-hàn-thâng) chhut-hiān tī chhun-thiⁿ kàu chhiu-thiⁿ ê kùi-chiat, jo̍ah--lâng ê sî ū koh-khah chia̍p-khòaiⁿ; ji̍t--sî chhut-lâi chhōe-chia̍h, chháu-si̍t-sèng (chia̍h-chhài--ê) kah-ì pài-hóng hoe-lúi khip-si̍t hoe-bi̍t; tī chháu-châng khoân-kéng o̍ah-tōng kap hioh-khùn; seng-o̍ah tī kē-hái-po̍at kàu tiong-hái-po̍at ê soaⁿ-khu.","meta":{"title":"Âng-bûn-hún-tia̍p","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[204,1030,0.19805825242718447],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1367}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Âng-keng-hún-tia̍p |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Arthropoda |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Insecta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Lepidoptera |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chhiau-kho: | Papilionoidea |\n| Kho: | Pieridae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Delias* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***D. pasithoe*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Delias pasithoe***Linnaeus, 1767 |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Âng-keng-hún-tia̍p** (Hàn-jī: 紅肩粉蝶; ha̍k-miâ: *Delias pasithoe*) sī chi̍t-chióng bóe-ia̍h-á, si̍t-kó· thíⁿ--khui ū 60 kàu 70 hô-bí. Kang--ê ê si̍t piáu-bīn (ka-chiah-phiaⁿ hit-bīn) té-sek sī o·-sek ê, ū phú-á-sek ê pan-bûn; ē-kha-si̍t-kó· piáu-bīn lāi-té pian-iân ū tōa-tōa ê n̂g-sek ê pan-bûn; ē-kha-si̍t-kó· ê pak-tó·-bīn ū chē-chē ê n̂g-sek ê pan, óa seng-khu hit-tah ū âng-sek ê pan. Bó--ê ê si̍t-kó· té-sek khah-chhián-sek, ē-kha-si̍t-kó· bô n̂g-sek ê pan.\n\nSêng-thâng (tōa-hàn-thâng) ji̍t--sî chhut-lâi o̍ah-tōng chhōe-chia̍h; chháu-si̍t-sèng (chia̍h-chhài--ê); tòa-tī chháu-châng hū-kīn; tī Tâi-oân chha-put-to kui-tang lóng-ū khoàiⁿ, hun-pò· tī kē-hái-po̍at kap tiong-hái-po̍at ê soaⁿ-khu.","meta":{"title":"Âng-keng-hún-tia̍p","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[205,925,0.22162162162162163],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1250}} -{"text":"\nChit-toān bí-ti-oh sī teh tang-lâm tē-tiong-hái kah âng-hái iân-hōaⁿ só͘ liap-iáⁿ, iû kok-chè Thài-khong-chām ê tē-29 thàm-hiám-tūi [en] lâi liap-chè--ê.\n**Âng-hái** (紅海; A-la-pek-gí: البحر الأحمر‎ *al-Bahr al-Ahmar*; Hi-pek-lâi-gí: ים סוף *Yam Suf*; Tigrinya-gí: ቀይሕ ባሕሪ *QeyH baHri*; Eng-gí: Red Sea) sī Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ ê 1-ê hái-oan, tiàm-tī A-chiu kap Hui-chiu kau-kài ê só͘-chāi. Thàng hái ê chhùi tī siōng lâm kak, keng-kòe Bab-el-Mandeb Hái-kiap sio-chiap Aden-oan. Í-pak sī Sinai Poàn-tó, Aqaba-oan, kap Suez-oan (thàng Suez Ūn-hô). Âng-hái sī sè-kài siōng pak ê jia̍t-tài hái.\n\nÂng-hái lâm-pak iok-lio̍k 1900 km tn̂g, siōng khoah 300 km khah ke. Bīn-chek tāi-iok 450000 km². Hái-té pêng-kin ū 500 m chhim, tī tiong-ng hái-kau (*central median trench*) hit-tah-á siōng chhim 2500 m. Ū chē-chē chhián-chúi ê hái-kè (*shelf*) sek-ha̍p hái-seng-bu̍t khiā-khí. Bô-liông-kut ê seng-bu̍t chheng-gōa-chióng, san-ô͘ 200-gōa-chióng.\n\nOá pak-hoāⁿ ê kok-ka ū Ai-ki̍p, Í-sek-lia̍t, Iok-tàn; sai-hoāⁿ ū Sudan kap Ai-ki̍p; tang-hoāⁿ ū Saudi A-la-pek kap Yemen; lâm-hoāⁿ ū Djibouti, Eritrea, Somalia téng-kok.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Kó͘-tāi sî-kî\n\nSó͘ chai-iáⁿ siāng chá tùi Âng-hái ê thàm-chhâ, sī Kó͘ Ai-ki̍p ê lâng si̍t-hêng--ê, in hit-chūn sī beh kiàn-lio Punt ê siong-gia̍p lō͘-sòaⁿ. Chia kóng thàm-chhâ oa̍h-tāng, kî-tiong chi̍t kái sī ùi Ch. 2500 nî chó-iū, koh chi̍t kái sī tī chha-put-to Ch. 1500 nî (Hatshepsut niá-chhōa). In lóng ū khì kàu tī Âng Hái. Chóng-sī oân-á ū ha̍k-chiá gī-lūn chia thàm-chhâ sī-m̄-sī chin-chiàⁿ ū khó-lêng. Tī sèng-keng ê Chhut Ai-ki̍p Kì, ū kóng tio̍h Í-sek-lia̍t-lâng kiâⁿ kòe chi̍t phìⁿ chúi ê kò͘-sū, che chúi nā chiàu Hi-pek-lâi bûn-su, sī hō chò *Yam Suph* (Hi-pek-lâi-gí: יַם סוּף). *Yam Suph* thoân-thóng-siōng hông jīn-ûi tio̍h sī Âng-hái. Chiàu rabbi Saadia Gaon (882‒942 nî), tī i tùi Gō͘-keng (*Pentateuch*) ê Iû-thài/A-la-pek hoan-e̍k lāi-bīn, jīn hit-ê kòe-hái ê só͘-chāi, sī Âng-hái ê *Baḥar al-Qulzum* pō͘-hūn, ia̍h tiō sī Suez Hái-oan.\n\n \n\nTī Ch. 6 sè-kí, Pho-su ê Darius Tōa-ông, pat phài lâng khì Âng-hái thàm-lō͘, kì-lio̍k gûi-hiám ê chio̍h-thâu kap tiâu-liû, kái-chìn kiam ka-thiam hâng-hái lō͘-sòaⁿ. Tī Suez, Âng-hái ê pak-pêng bóe, kap Nî-lô-hô tiong-ng, koh ū khí-siat ūn-hô. Tī Ch. 4 sè-kí āu-kî, Alexander Tōa-ông phài chhut Hi-lia̍p hái-kun thàm-chhâ Âng-hái chhut Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ ê lō͘. Hi-lia̍p ê hâng-hái-ka to̍h it-ti̍t thàm-hiám kiam siu-chi̍p Âng-hái ê chu-liāu. Ch. 2 sè-kí ê sî, Agatharchides siu-chi̍p liáu Âng-hái ê chu-liāu.\n\n*Erythraea Hái Àn-lāi-kì* (*Periplus of the Erythraean Sea*), sī Hi-lia̍p-gí siá--ê periplus bûn-su, chok-chiá put-bêng, sī tāi-khài Āu 1 sè-kí ê chok-phín, lāi-iông kì-su̍t Âng-hái ê káng-kháu kap hái-lō͘. Che Periplus, mā kì-su̍t Hippalus sī chóaⁿ-iūⁿ thâu chi̍t kái hoat-kiàn tùi Âng-hái kòe Ìn-tō͘ ê ti̍t-chiap lō͘-sòaⁿ.\n\nÂng-hái chū Augustus thóng-tī sî-kî, sī Lô-má-lâng kah-ì ê Ìn-tō͘ seng-lí lō͘-sòaⁿ, he tng sī Lô-má Tè-kok khai-sí khòng-chè Tē-tiong-hái, Ai-ki̍p kap Âng-hái pak-pō͘ liáu-āu. Chia lō͘-sòaⁿ ūi chá-chêng ê kok-ka to̍h ū leh ēng, m̄-koh tī Lô-má sî-tāi, seng-lí koh ke khah tōa. Tang-iûⁿ ê mi̍h, mā keng-kòe Ìn-tō͘ ê káng-kháu hông sàng kòe Lô-má sè-kài. Hit-chūn Tang-iûⁿ kap Lô-má tio̍h óa-khò Âng-hái kau-thong, kàu-bé hō͘ 3 sè-kí ê Aksum Tè-kok chhiat tn̄g.\n\nTô͘-phìⁿ\n--------\n\nKó͘-tāi Ai-ki̍p tī lú-ông Hatshepsut ê sî-tāi khok-tiong kah óa tī Âng-hái hái-kîⁿ ê Punt Kok.Âng-hái hū-kīn chò phang-liāu bō͘-e̍k ê cheng-siā kap siong-gia̍p tiong-sim, kun-kù *Erythraea Hái Àn-lāi-kì* (*Periplus of the Erythraean Sea*) ê kì-su̍t.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. ↑ Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe (2006). *Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration*. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 24. ISBN 0-393-06259-7.\n2. ↑ Louis, Jaucourt de chevalier (1765). *Red Sea*. pp. 367–368.\n3. ↑ *Tafsir*, Saadia Gaon, s.v. Exodus 15:22, *et al*.\n4. ↑ Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe (2006). *Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration*. W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 32–33. ISBN 0-393-06259-7.\n5. ↑ East, W. Gordon (1965). *The Geography behind History*. W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 174–175. ISBN 0-393-00419-8.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:Red Sea*** |\n\n* Red Sea Coral Reefs (Eng-gí)\n* Red Sea Photography (Eng-gí)\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTē-kiû ê iûⁿ kap hái |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Pak-ke̍k-iûⁿ | Amundsen Oan · Barents Hái · Beaufort Hái · Bering Hái-kiap · Chukchi Hái · Tang Siberia Hái · Fram Hái-kiap · Greenland Hái · Boothia Oan · Kara Hái · Kara Hái-kiap · Laptev Hái · Lincoln Hái · Prince Gustav Adolf Hái · Pechora Hái · Wandel Hái · Baltic Hái · Bjeloje Hái |\n| |\n| Tāi-se-iûⁿ | Adriatic Hái · Aegea Hái · Alboran Hái · Argentina Hái · Baffin Oan · Balear Hái · Baltic Hái · Biscay Oan · Bothnia Oan · Campeche Oan · Fundy Oan · O͘-hái · Bothnia Hái · Caribe Hái · Celtic Hái · Davis Hái-kiap · Tan-be̍h Hái-kiap · Eng-kiat-lī Hái-kiap · Foxe Oan · Greenland Hái · Bothnia Oan · Hun-lân-oan · Kûn-tó Hái · Lion Oan · Guinea Oan · Maine Oan · Be̍k-se-ko Oan · Saint Lawrence Hái-oan · Venezuela Oan · Hudson Oan · James Oan · Ionia Hái · Ireland Hái · Irminger Hái · Labrador Hái · Libya Hái · Ligure Hái · Marmara Hái · Tē-tiong-hái · Pak-hái · Nô͘-ui-hái · Saint Lawrence Hái-tō · Sargasso Hái · Åland Hái · Azov Hái · Crete Hái · Hebrides Hái · Thrace Hái · Tyrrhenian Hái |\n| |\n| Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ | Andaman Hái · A-la-pek Hái · Bēng-ka-lá-oan · Aden Oan · Aqaba Oan · Khambhat Oan · Kutch Oan · Oman Oan · Suez Oan · Laccadive Hái · Mozambique Hái-kiap · Pho-su-oan · Âng-hái · Malacca Hái-kiap · Timor Hái |\n| |\n| Thài-pêng-iûⁿ | Arafura Hái · Bali Hái · Banda Hái · Bering Hái · Bismarck Hái · Pu̍t-hái · Bohol Hái · Camotes Hái · Celebes Hái · Tâi-oân Hái-kiap · Bashi Hái-kiap · Ceram Hái · Chile Hái · San-ô͘-hái · Tang Tiong-kok Hái · Flores Hái · Alaska Oan · California Oan · Carpentaria Oan · Fonseca Oan · Thài-kok-oan · Pak-pō͘-oan · Halmahera Hái · Jawa Hái · Koro Hái · Makassar Hái-kiap · Molucca Hái · Moro Oan · Hui-lu̍t-pin-hái · Savu Hái · Ji̍t-pún-hái · Okhotsk Hái · Lōa-hō͘ lāi-hái · Sibuyan Hái · Solomon Hái · Lâm Tiong-kok Hái · Sulu Hái · Tasman Hái · Visayas Hái · N̂g-hái |\n| |\n| Lâm-ke̍k-iûⁿ | Amundsen Hái · Bellingshausen Hái · Cooperation Hái · Cosmonauts Hái · Davis Hái · Haakon Chhit-sè Hái · Lazarev Hái · Mawson Hái · Ross Hái · Scotia Hái · Weddell Hái |\n| |\n| Lāi-lio̍k-hái | Aral Hái · Caspi Hái · Salton Hái · Sí-hái |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 155944421\n* GND: 4050664-2\n* NDL: 00634145\n* NKC: ge134461\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Âng-hái","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3257,6709,0.48546728275450884],"infobox":["
    Âng-hái
    \n
    Teh Makadi oan ê âng-hái hái-hōaⁿ
    \n
    Âng-hái sì-kho͘ liàn-tńg ê tē-tô͘
    Ūi-tì\nPak Hui-chiu, Tang Hui-chiu kap Sai-lâm A-chiu
    Chō-piau\n22°N 38°E / 22°N 38°E / 22; 38
    Lūi-hêng\nHái
    Chú-iàu liû-ji̍p\nBarka hô, Haddas hô, Anseba hô, Wadi Gasus
    Chú-iàu liû-chhut\nBab-el-Mandeb Hái-kiap
    Liû-keng kok-ka\nDjibouti, Ai-ki̍p, Eritrea, Saudi A-la-pek, Sudan, kap Yemen
    Siōng tōa tn̂g-tō͘\n2,250 km (1,400 mi)
    Siōng tōa khoah-tō͘\n355 km (221 mi)
    Piáu-bīn-chek\n438,000 km2 (169,000 sq mi)
    Pêng-kun chhim-tō͘\n490 m (1,610 ft)
    Siōng tōa chhim-tō͘\n3,040 m (9,970 ft)
    \n233,000 km3 (56,000 cu mi)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7590}} -{"text":"Pa-lê Khái-soân-mn̂g\n**Khái-soân-mn̂g** sī chi̍t-khoán kì-liām-sèng ê to̍k-li̍p kiàn-tio̍k kiat-kò͘, oân-kong-mn̂g hêng, sī mn̂g ê chi̍t-khoán. Siōng kán-tan ê hêng-sek ê khái-soân-mn̂g sī iû: nn̄g-ê oân-kong-mn̂g liân-chiap ê tōa kiô-chiam lâi cho͘-sêng, téng-koân ū chi̍t-ê kng-seⁿ--ê thiāu-téng he̍k-chiá sī lâu-koh, téng-thâu ē-tàng an tiau-siōng he̍k-chiá ū khek kì-liām bêng-bûn. Chú-thé kiat-kò͘ thong-siông ē khek chng-thāⁿ, phû-tiau chham hōng-hiàn-chiá téng-téng. Koh-khah iù-kang ê khái-soân-mn̂g mā ū khó-lêng siat chē-ê oân-kong-mn̂g.\n\nKhái-soân-mn̂g sī kā Kó͘-tāi Lô-má kiàn-tio̍k ū koan-hē, sī siōng ū éng-hióng-la̍t kah siōng te̍k-sû ê kiàn-tio̍k lūi-hêng chi-it. Khái-soân-mn̂g hŏng jīn-ûi sī kó͘-tāi Lô-má-lâng só͘ kiàn--ê, iōng-lâi kì-liām chiàn-cheng sèng-lī ê tiōng-tāi kong-kiōng sū-kiāⁿ, phì-lūn kóng, kiàn-li̍p sin--ê si̍t-bîn-tē, kiàn-chō tō-lō͘ a̍h-sī kiô, hông-sit sêng-oân kòe-sin, he̍k-chiá sī sin hông-tè chē-thiⁿ téng-téng. Lâu kàu hiān-tāi ê Lô-má khái-soân-mn̂g ū Tito Khái-soân-mn̂g, Settimio Severo Khái-soân-mn̂g kah Costantino Khái-soân-mn̂g. Chia ê khái-soân-mn̂g khai-phòa-liáu chin chē āu-Lô-má kok-ka chham thóng-tī-chiá lâi bô͘-hóng, tì-sú sè-kài koh-tè lóng lâi óa kó͘-tāi Lô-má khái-soân-mn̂g ê iūⁿ khí ka-tī ê mn̂g. Siōng chhut-miâ--ê sī Hoat-kok ê Pa-lê Khái-soân-mn̂g, Lō͘-se-a Sèng Pí-tek-pó ê Narva Khái-soân-mn̂g kah Eng-kok Lûn-tun ê Wellington Oân-kong-mn̂g.\n\nKhái-soân-mn̂g sêng-pún tio̍h ū khèng-chiok kun-sū sêng-kong ê soan-thoân kong-lêng, in-chhú bô èng-tong chham kì-liām mn̂g, oân-kong-mn̂g kah siâⁿ-mn̂g lām chò-hóe kóng. Phì-lūn, Tek-kok Pek-lîm ê Brandenburg Mn̂g, Bí-kok Niú-iok ê Washington Kóng-tiûⁿ Oân-kong-mn̂g he̍k-chiá sī Ìn-tō͘ Sin Delhi ê Ìn-tō͘ Mn̂g.","meta":{"title":"Khái-soân-mn̂g","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1759,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1989}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\n。2010 nî Tâi-phêⁿ Kim-má chiàu hêng-chèng-khu chò kài-sòaⁿ kì-lio̍k, tī chhù-lāi kóng ê ōe ū pau-koat Tâi-oân Goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k-gí--ê jîn-kháu pí-lē (hâm kóng chē chióng ōe--ê, pí-lūn Amis-gí kiam Hôa-gí).\n**Tâi-oân Goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k-gí**, sī só͘-ū keng-kòe Hêng-chèng-īⁿ hu̍t-tēng ê Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k só͘ sú-iōng ê kok-chióng gí-giân ê thóng-chheng, kok gí-giân lóng sī Tiong-hôa-bîn-kok ê kok-ka gí-giân, Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi hông hō-chò **Takasago-gí** (高 (たか)砂 (さご)語 (ご)). Chú-iàu hun-pò͘ tī Tâi-oân kah Âng-thâu-sū nn̄g ê tó-sū téng-koân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k tòa ê só͘-chai, pau-koat chin chē gí-kûn, bo̍k-chêng keng-kòe Hêng-chèng-īⁿ jīn-tēng ê gí-giân lóng-chóng ū 15 chióng, ē-kha ē-sái koh hun-chò 41 ê hong-giân, kā **cho̍k-gí Lô-má-jī** tòng-chò chiàⁿ-jī-hoat, chóng sú-iōng jîn-kháu tāi-iok sī 26 bān lâng, chiàm Tiong-hôa-bîn-kok chóng jîn-kháu ê 1.2%.\n\nTâi-oân Goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k-gí lóng sio̍k-î Lâm-tó gí-hē, hâm Tâi-oân Lâm-tó-gí kah Tao-gí (Tao-gí bô sio̍k-î Tâi-oân Lâm-tó-gí-giân, sī sio̍k-î Má-lâi-Polynesia gí-giân ê \"Batanic gí-kûn\"). Tâi-oân Lâm-tó-gí àn-chiàu kè-sǹg hong-sek bô-kâng, khó-lêng ū 16 kàu 20 gōa ê gí-chióng, i-hā gí-chióng hun-lūi í \"*Bîn-cho̍k-gí*\" chò ki-chhó͘, siâng-sî chham-khó Lí Jîm-kùi (2006) ê hun-lūi, kā Tâi-oân Lâm-tó-gí hun-chò Pak Tâi-oân Lâm-tó-gí-cho̍k, Tiong Tâi-oân Lâm-tó-gí-cho̍k, Lâm Tâi-oân Lâm-tó-gí-cho̍k, kah Tang Tâi-oân Lâm-tó-gí-cho̍k sì ê hun-chi.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n1. ↑ 李壬癸 (2006). \"The internal relationships of Formosan languages (臺灣南島語的內部關係)\". Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2020-05-06. 2019-07-17 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ 李壬癸 (2006). \"The internal relationships of Formosan languages (台灣南島語的內部關係)\". goân-loē-iông tī 2020-05-06 hőng khó͘-pih. 2019-10-28 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n1. ↑ Chèng-hú kong-kò sī 16 cho̍k-gí 42 hong-giân, tān-sī 16 cho̍k-gí tong-tiong ê Truku-gí kah Seediq-gí Truku hong-giân sī kâng-chi̍t-ê gí-giân, m̄-koh ūi-tio̍h chun-tiōng kok cho̍k-kûn, ū bô-kâng ê miâ, só͘-í sū-si̍t-siōng kan-na ū 15 gí-giân 41 hong-giân","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k-gí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[593,2021,0.293419099455715],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2304}} -{"text":"1917 nî 10 goe̍h 20 hō tī *The Economist* téng-bīn ê kóng-kò.\n**Tu-sek Hōe-siā Tâi-oân Gîn-hâng** (株式會社臺灣銀行; Eng-gí: *The Bank of Taiwan*) sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê gîn-hâng, gia̍p-bū pau-koat hòe-pè chhù-lí, kià-kim, chioh-gîn, chèng-kǹg kap sìn-thok sū-bū téng-téng. In chhòng-li̍p ê sî-kan sī 1899 nǐ 8 goe̍h, pún-siā tī Tâi-pak-chhī.\n\nChi-tiàm kap chhut-tiuⁿ-só͘\n---------------------------\n\nTû-liáu chi̍t kóa Tâi-oân chú-iàu siâⁿ-chhī, in tī Tang-kiaⁿ, Sîn-hō͘, Tāi-pán, Yokohama, Siōng-hái, Hok-chiu, Ē-mn̂g, Sòaⁿ-thâu, Kńg-tang (Kńg-chiu), Hiong-káng, Chiau-lâm (Sin-ka-pho), Surabaya, Semarang, Batavia, Mumbai, Manila, London, Hàn-kháu, Hái-kháu, Sam-a siat ū chi-tiàm.\n\nLēng-gōa, tī Tāi-liân, Niú-iok, Gô͘-chhe, Hakodate, Davao, Makassar, Manado, Balikpapan, Amboyna, Pontianak, Banjarmasin, Samarinda, Tarakan, Cebu, kap Bacolod téng tē ū chhut-tiuⁿ-só͘.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Tâi-oân Siong-kang Gîn-hâng\n* Chiong-hòa Gîn-hâng (Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi)\n* Tâi-oân Thú-thiok Gîn-hâng\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* 竹本伊一郎 (1942). *昭和十八年 臺灣會社年鑑*. 臺灣經濟研究會. p. 13.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Gîn-hâng (Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[150,981,0.1529051987767584],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1180}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\n**Liap-sī** un-phiau (Eng-gí: *Celsius scale*), tī kong-gôan 1742 nî, iû Sūi-tián (*Sweden*) ê thian-bûn-ha̍k-ka Anders Celsius só͘ kiàn-li̍p--ê, sī pêng-siông-sî siāng-chia̍p sú-iōng ê un-tō͘ piáu-sī-hoat chi-it.\n\nTī chi̍t-ê tāi-khì-ap-le̍k chi-hā, chúi kiat-peng ê un-tō͘ (gêng-kò·-tiám) siat-tēng-chòe Liap-sī 0 tō͘ (0 °C), chúi kún ê-sî ê un-tō͘ (hut-tiám) siat-tēng-chòe Liap-sī 100 tō͘ (100 °C), 0 °C kàu 100 °C tiong-kan pêng-kin hun-chòe 100 hūn, múi-chi̍t-hūn chiū-sī Liap-sī chi̍t-tō͘ (1 °C).\n\nLiap-sī chit sû lâi chū Hôa-gí ㄕㄜˋㄕˋ/*shè shì*(攝氏) he̍k-chiá Ji̍t-bûn *せっし/Sessi* (摂氏) ê hàn-jī tho̍k-im.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nSI tan-ūi |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Authority: International System of Units (BIPM) |\n| |\n| Ki-pún tan-ūi | \n* ampere\n* bió\n* candela\n* kelvin\n* kong-chhioh\n* kong-kin\n* mol\n\n | SI base unit |\n| |\n| Ián-seng tan-ūi | \n* becquerel\n* bó͘-lú-to͘h\n* coulomb\n* farad\n* gray\n* henry\n* hertz\n* joule\n* katal\n* liap-sī\n* lumen\n* lux\n* newton\n* óa\n* ohm\n* pascal\n* radian\n* siemens\n* sievert\n* steradian\n* tesla\n* weber\n\n |\n| |\n| Pèng-iōng tan-ūi | \n* bar\n* dalton\n* decibel\n* electronvolt\n* hun-cheng\n* kak-tō͘\n* kang\n* kong-khéng\n* li̍p\n* minute of arc\n* neper\n* second of arc\n* thian-bûn tan-ūi\n* tiám-cheng\n* tonne\n* goân-chú tan-ūi\n* chū-jiân tan-ūi\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | \n* Tan-ūi ê oāⁿ-sǹg\n* SI jī-thâu\n* Proposed redefinitions\n* Systems of measurement\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* **Category Lūi-pia̍t**\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Liap-sī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[581,1195,0.48619246861924686],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1738}} -{"text":"**Allāh** ( الله‎ ) sī A-la-pek-gí tùi Sîn ê choan-iú kiò-hoat, sī koàn-sû *al-* (‏الـ‎ \"Hit-ê\") kap *ʾilāh* (‏إله‎ \"Sîn\") ê cho͘-ha̍p, goân-chhe ê ì-sù sī \"Hit-ê Sîn\".\n\nAllāh chú-iàu sī tī Islam-kàu lāi chheng-hō͘ î-it ê Sîn , m̄-koh ū-ê sî-tāi he̍k-chiá só͘-chāi, chi̍t jī mā tī Ki-tok-kàu téng chong-kàu lāi hông ēng lâi ho͘-kiò Sîn.\n\nGí-goân-ha̍k\n------------\n\nSó͘ kóng *al-* (‏الـ‎) kap *ʾilāh* (‏إله‎) ê cho͘-ha̍p, tī A-la-pek hū-kīn kî-tha bûn-hòa mā ū tùi-tâng ê hêng-sek, pí-lūn tī Aram-gí ê hêng-sek sī *Elah* (אלה), lēng-gōa koh ū kiông-tiāu sek ê *Elaha* (אלהא). Nā tī Sèng-keng só͘ ēng ê Hi-pek-lâi-gí siong-tùi ê jī sī *Elohim* (אלהים).\n\nSú-iōng\n-------\n\n### Islam-kàu\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Islam-kàu ê Sîn\nKun-kù Islam-kàu sìn-gióng, Allāh sī tāi-piáu Sîn ê choan-iú bêng-sû. Chia só͘ kóng sī î-it ê Sîn, ú-tiū ê chhòng-chō-chiá, koh sī lâng ê pêng-phòaⁿ-chiá.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ DIN 31635\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85055570\n* GND: 4219322-9\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Allah","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[57,886,0.06433408577878104],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1174}} -{"text":"Iá-liú\n**Pak Hái-hōaⁿ kap Koan-im-soaⁿ Kok-ka Hong-kéng-khu** (北海岸及觀音山國家風景區) sī tī Tâi-oân Sin-pak-chhī kap Ke-lâng-chhī kéng-lāi ê kok-ka hong-kéng-khu, tī 2002 nî 10 goe̍h 17 hō sêng-li̍p, chú-iàu sī iû pak hái-hōaⁿ ê Pak Hái-hōaⁿ Hong-kéng-khu, Iá-liú hong-kéng-khu kap Koan-im-soaⁿ lâi cho͘-sêng. Pak hái-hōaⁿ khu kài-î Bān-lí-khu to͘-chhī kè-ōe hām Sam-chi-khu kap Tām-chúi-khu tiong-kan, Koan-im-soaⁿ khu tī Tām-chúi-hô, Liông-hêng, Gō͘-kó͘, Nâ-kháu Tâi-tē kap Pat-lí hoān-ûi lāi. Kî-tiong, Iá-liú hong-kéng-khu í te̍k-sû tē-chit kap tē-hêng chò-ûi i-ê te̍k-sek. Tiōng-iàu kéng-tiám ū Hù-ki Hî-káng, Hù-kùi-kak, Hái-se̍k Chio̍h-mn̂g, Iá-liú Tāu-hū-giâm, Kim-san lāu-ke, kap Lú-ông-thâu.\n\n2002 nî 5 goe̍h 15 hō, Kau-thong-pō͘ Koan-kong-kio̍k kong-kò siat-tì Pak Hái-hōaⁿ kap Koan-im-soaⁿ Kok-ka Hong-kéng-khu, hoān-ûi pau-hâm goân sio̍k Tâi-oân-séng Chèng-hú koán-hat ê Pak Hái-hōaⁿ Hong-kéng-khu, Iá-liú hong-kéng-khu kap Koan-im-soaⁿ Hong-kéng-khu, chóng biān-chek 12,351 kong-khéng. 2014 nî 12 goe̍h 15 hō, Koan-kong-kio̍k kong-kò Ke-lâng-chhī ê Gōa-bo̍k-soaⁿ, Chêng-jîn-ô͘, Hô-pêng-tó téng kéng-tiám la̍p-ji̍p hong-kéng-khu ê hoān-ûi lāi, chóng biān-chek khok-tāi chì tāi-iok 13,081 kong-khéng.","meta":{"title":"Pak Hái-hōaⁿ kap Koan-im-soaⁿ Kok-ka Hong-kéng-khu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1211,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1368}} -{"text":"**Kang-gia̍p hn̂g-khu** (工業園區) sī oe̍h-tēng it-tēng hoān-ûi ê thó͘-tē, seng kui-ōe, choan-bûn kiong-èng hō͘ kang-gia̍p siat-si kap kang-gia̍p sú-iōng ê tē-khu. Kang-gia̍p hn̂g-khu ê siat-tì thong-siông sī ūi-tio̍h beh chhiok-chìn tē-hng ê keng-chè hoat-tián, cheng-ka chiū-gia̍p ki-hōe só͘ lâi siat-li̍p--ê.\n\nKang-gia̍p hn̂g-khu ê iōng-tô͘ siong-tong to-goân, tû-liáu kang-chhiúⁿ, pān-kong-sek téng it-poaⁿ kang-gia̍p siat-si í-gōa, mā ē-tàng thê-kiong ko-kho-ki sán-gia̍p sú-iōng, sīm-chì ū gián-kiù kap ha̍k-su̍t ki-kò͘ chìn-chù. Kang-gia̍p hn̂g-khu nā ū keng-kòe thò-siān ê khai-hoat, thong-siông ē hoat-tián chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t ê sán-gia̍p chū-lo̍k.\n\nTī Tâi-oân thong-siông ē chìn-chù kang-gia̍p hn̂g-khu ê sán-gia̍p lūi-hêng lóng sī chá-kî khah hoat-ta̍t ê sán-gia̍p, chhin-chhiūⁿ si̍t-phín chè-chō-gia̍p, pháng-chit-gia̍p, sêng-i-gia̍p, mô͘-liāu chè-chō-gia̍p, ka-kū-gia̍p, chō-chóa-gia̍p, chio̍h-hòa-gia̍p, ūn-su-gia̍p, hòa-ha̍k chè-chō-gia̍p, chhng-tû-gia̍p téng. 1980 nî-tāi āu, chiah ū kho-ha̍k hn̂g-khu ê hoat-tián.","meta":{"title":"Kang-gia̍p hn̂g-khu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1046,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1175}} -{"text":"Sam It Ūn-tōng.\n**Sam It Ūn-tōng**(三一運動, 삼일 운동) sī Hân-kok tī Ji̍t Hân Pèng-ha̍p liáu-āu só͘ hoat-khí ê to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng, in-ūi hoat-seng tī 1919 nî 3 goe̍h 1 hō, só͘-í hō-chòe \"Sam It\"; lēng-gōa mā kiò-chòe **Sam·It To̍k-li̍p Ūn-tōng** kah **To̍k-li̍p Bān-sòe Ūn-tōng**(獨立萬歲運動).\n\nKin-á-ji̍t, 3 goe̍h 1 hō tī Hân-kok kah Tiâu-sián lóng sī kok-tēng ká-ji̍t, Hân-kok hō-chòe **Sam·It Chiat**(3·1절).\n\nTē-it-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn kiat-sok liáu-āu, kú-hêng Paris Hô-hōe. Bí-kok chóng-thóng Thomas Woodrow Wilson thê-chhut 14 tiám Hô-pêng Goân-chek; kî-tiong, i só͘ pau-hâm ê bîn-cho̍k chū-koat goân-chek kó͘-lē tio̍h chin chē khì tī Ji̍t-pún liû-ha̍k ê Hân-kok ha̍k-seng. Hit tong-sî, Tiâu-sián Ko-chong kòe-sin, \"Ji̍t-pún bô͘-sat\" ê iâu-giân tàm Hân-kok siā-hōe liû-thoân; tû-liáu ha̍k-seng, Hu̍t-kàu, Thian-tō-kàu kah Ki-tok-kàu lóng-chóng tàu-tīn iok-sok tī 3 goe̍h 3 hō hoat-pió \"To̍k-li̍p Soan-giân\".\n\n1919 nî 3 goe̍h 1 hō, 33 ūi Hân-kok To̍k-li̍p-ūn-tōng chham-ú-chiá tī Hàn-siâⁿ chhī-tiong-sim ê Thap-tōng Kong-hn̂g hoat-pió \"To̍k-li̍p Soan-giân\". Che ín-khí chhī-bîn ê chi-chhî kah kun-sûi, tōa-siaⁿ hoah chhut \"To̍k-li̍p bān-sòe\" ê kháu-hō. Kâng sî-kan, Pêng-jiáng mā hoat-seng sī-ui oa̍h-tāng; āu-lâi chiām-chiām thoànn-khui chì choân-kok.","meta":{"title":"Sam It Ūn-tōng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1227,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1418}} -{"text":"\n**Khì-Tiong-sim-hòa**（Eng-gí: decentralization）sī Internet hoat-tián kè-têng-tiong hêng-sêng ê siā-hōe koan-hē hêng-thài kap lōe-iông sán-seng hêng-thài, sī siong-tùi tī \"Tiong-sim-hòa\" lâi kóng ê sin-hêng bāng-lō͘ lōe-iông seng-sán kè-têng.\n\nSiong-tùi tī chá-kî ê Internet（Web 1.0）sî-tāi, Web 2.0 lōe-iông bô koh-sī iû choan-gia̍p bāng-chām iah-sī te̍k-tēng ê lâng só͘ sán-seng, khiok-sī iû choân-thé bāng-bîn kiōng-tông chham-ú, koân-kip pêng-téng ê kiōng-tông chhòng-chō ê kiat-kó. Jīm-hô lâng lóng ē-tàng tī bāng-lō͘ téng-bīn piáu-ta̍t ka-kī ê koan-tiám iah-sī chhòng-chō goân-chhòng ê lōe-iông,kiōng-tông seng-sán sìn-sit.\n\nTòe-tio̍h bāng-lō͘ ho̍k-bū hêng-thài ê to-goân-hòa, Khì-Tiong-sim-hòa bāng-lō͘ bô͘-hêng lú-lâi-lú chheng-chhó, iā lú-lâi-lú chiâⁿ-chòe khó-lêng. Web2.0 heng-khí liáu-āu, Flicker、Blog téng bāng-lō͘ ho̍k-bū-siong só͘ thê-kiong ê ho̍k-bū lóng-sī Khì-Tiong-sim-hòa ê`, jīm-hô chham-ú-chiá lóng ē-tàng thê-kau lōe-iông, bāng-bîn kiōng-tông chìn-hêng lōe-iông hia̍p-tông chhòng-chok iah-sī kòng-hiàn.\n\nSòa-lo̍h-khì tòe-tio̍h koh-khah chē kan-tan iông-ī sú-iōng ê Khì-Tiong-sim-hòa bāng-lō͘ ho̍k-bū ê chhut-hiān, Web2.0 ê te̍k-tiám ek-hoat bêng-hián. Pí-jū Twitter、Facebook téng koh-khah sek-ha̍p phó͘-thong bāng-bîn ê ho̍k-bū ê tàn-seng, hō͘ ūi Internet seng-sán iah-sī kòng-hiàn lōe-iông koh-khah kán-piān, koh-khah to-goân-hòa. Ûi-ki-peh-kho iā-sī Khì-Tiong-sim-hòa ê lē, \"Lâng-lâng lóng ē-tàng pian-chip\" ê lí-liām thê-seng bāng-bîn chham-ú kòng-hiàn ê chek-ke̍k-sèng, kàng-kē seng-sán lōe-iông ê hō͘-tēng. Lo̍h-bé hō͘ múi-chi̍t-ê bāng0bîn lóng chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t-ê bî-sè kap to̍k-li̍p ê sìn-sit thê-kiong-siong, hō͘ Internet koh-khah píⁿ, lōe-iông seng-sán koh-khah to-goân-hòa.\n\nChham-kiàn\n----------\n\n* Khì-Tiong-sim-hòa kè-sǹg\n* Bāng-chè-bāng-lō͘ tī-lí","meta":{"title":"Khì-tiong-sim-hòa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[55,1819,0.030236393622869707],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2051}} -{"text":"**Kang-gia̍p-hòa lông-gia̍p** (工業化農業) sī chi̍t chióng hiān-tāi ê lông-gia̍p seng-sán hong-sek. Che sī lī-iōng kang-gia̍p-hòa, sán-gia̍p-hòa, chi̍p-kûn-hòa ê hong-sek lâi seng-sán niû-si̍t, ke-ah, cheng-seⁿ. Tāi-liōng sú-iōng pau-hâm lông-io̍h, hòa-pûi, kek-sò͘ kap khòng-seng-sò͘ chāi-lāi ê kok-chióng hòa-ha̍k bu̍t-chit, sú-iōng kàng-kē jîn-lūi lô-tōng kiông-tō͘ ê lông-gia̍p ki-hāi. Tī seng-sán lông-chok-bu̍t sî, thong-siông sī tī khui-khoah ê thó͘-tē siōng tâu-ji̍p tāi-liōng chu-kim lâi chìn-hêng seng-sán. Chū Jī-chiàn í-lâi, sè-kài kok-kok (te̍k-pia̍t sī sian-chìn-kok) kóng-hoàn khai-tián kang-gia̍p-hòa lông-gia̍p. I-ê te̍k-tiám pau-hâm tōa-tōa kàng-kē liáu lông-sán-phín kè-siàu, ta̍k tang siu-koah ê chhù-sò͘ cheng-ka, seng-sán kāng-khoán sò͘-liōng ê lông-san-phín só͘ su-iàu ê lâng-kang lô-tōng-la̍t kiám-chió, ùi chhân-tē kàu chia̍h-pn̄g-toh chi-kan ê sî-kan kiám-chió téng-téng.","meta":{"title":"Kang-gia̍p-hòa lông-gia̍p","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,915,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1026}} -{"text":"**Kang-hōe** (工會) goân-té sī kin-kì kiōng-tông lī-ek lâi chū-hoat cho͘-chit ê siā-hōe thoân-thé. Chit-ê kiōng-tông lī-ek thoân-thé ē-sái hām kò͘-chú chi̍p-thé tâm-phòaⁿ kang-chu sin-súi, kang-chok sî-hān kap kang-chok tiâu-kiāⁿ téng-téng. Chia-ê cho͘-chit kap liân-ha̍p-hōe siāng chia̍p-khòaⁿ ê kiōng-tông bo̍k-piau sī \"pó-chhî ia̍h-sī kái-siān kò͘-iōng thāi-gū\". Che khó-lêng pau-hâm kang-chu tâm-phòaⁿ, lô-tōng chè-tō͘, sin-sò͘ liû-thêng, kò͘-iōng piau-chún, kái-kò͘ ia̍h-sī chìn-seng, hok-lī, an-choân pó-chiong kap chèng-chhek.\n\nKang-hōe khó-lêng ē cho͘-chit chi̍t-kóa ki-kang, ia̍h-sī só͘-iú pō͘-mn̂g ê kang-lâng, ia̍h-sī bó͘ chi̍t ê hâng-gia̍p ê só͘-ū kang-lâng. Kang-hōe ê hia̍p-tēng ū-sî ē tùi kò͘-chú, koán-lí-chân ia̍h-sī m̄-sī kang-hōe sêng-oân pó-bi̍t. Kang-hōe ū siong-èng ê chiong-thêng, kî-tiong siông-sè kui-tēng liáu hia̍p-siong chún-chek, í-ki̍p tùi-èng chèng-hú kàm-koán ê kok-hāng kui-tēng.\n\nKang-hōe goân-chū Au-chiu, tī kang-gia̍p kek-bēng āu liû-hêng sè-kài. Kang-hōe khó-lêng pau-hâm kang-lâng kò-thé, choan-gia̍p jîn-sū, thè-hiu jîn-sū, ha̍k-seng, ha̍k-tô͘ ia̍h-sī bû-gia̍p chit-kang.","meta":{"title":"Kang-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1139,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1281}} -{"text":"\n**Kang-lâm tsō-tsûn phok-bu̍t-kuán** (hàn-gú: 江南造船博物館; ing-gú: Jiāngnán Shipbuilding Museum) khiā-tī Tiongkok Siong-hái-tshī Hông-phóo-khu lóo-pan-lōo 600-hō, sī tsò-tsuân-gia̍p ê tuā-hîng phok-bu̍t-kuán, tsuân-bīn tén-hēn tsò-tsuân-gia̍p ê huat-tén-sú; tsha-put-to pau-kua Tiong-kok kīn hēn-tāi tsò-tsuân-gia̍p ê tsuân-pōo ki-su̍t ham sán-phín [en] luī-hîng. \"Kang-lâm tsō-tsûn phok-bu̍t-kuán\" tō-sī \"tsuân tiong-kok ài-kok tsú-gī kàu-io̍k sī-huān ê ki-tē [zh]\", \"siong-hái-tshī ài-kok kàu-io̍k ki-tē [zh]\", siong-hái-tshī tsuan-tê-síng kho-phóo tiûñ-kuán [zh].\n\nTiûnn-kuán kài-siāu\n-------------------\n\n\"Kang-lâm tsō-tsûn phok-bu̍t-kuán\" ê tiûñ-kuán kiat-kòo sī nn̄g-tsàn, tiûñ-kuán uē-hun tsò \"Li̍k-sú-kuan\" (歷史館), \"Bîn-tsûn-kuán\" (民船館), \"Kun-tsûn-kuán\" (軍船館), \"Tiong-kang-kuán\" (重工館), \"Kang-lâm tiông-hing-kuán\" (江南長興館) tsit 5-ê tén-lám-khu.\n\nTsham-kuan sìn-sit\n------------------\n\n* Khai-hòng sî-kan：9:00-11:00，13:00~16:00。\n* Kong-kiōng kau-thong：Siōng-hái kuí-tō kau-thong 4-hō suàñ [zh] tíng-tíng。\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"江南造船博物馆\". Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2021-10-03. 2021-10-03 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Larry Fink [en]\n* Manohar Parrikar kok-hông gián-kiú kah hun-sek gián-kiù-só͘ [en] (Manohar Parrikar kok-hông gén-kiú kah hun-sik gén-kiù-sóo/Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses)\n* JetBrains kong-si [en] (JetBrains)\n* Kang-lâm chō-chûn [en] (Jiangnan Shipyard)\n* Oán-bōng-kip ōe-chheⁿ tui-tsik-kàm\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* 江南造船博物館 - 場所詳情 (Hàn-gí)\n* 黄浦区江南造船博物馆旅游指南 (Hàn-gí)\n* 江南造船博物館:發展歷史 (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Kang-lâm chō-chûn phok-bu̍t-koán","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[751,1658,0.4529553679131484],"infobox":["
    Kang-lâm tsō-tsûn phok-bu̍t-kuán
    Tē-tsí\nTiongkok Siong-hái-tshīHông-phóo-khu lóo-pan-lōo 600-hō
    Hîng-thài\nTsuan-tê phok-bu̍t-kuán
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1786}} -{"text":"\nElizabeth Debicki (2013).\n**Elizabeth Debicki** (1990 nî 8 goe̍h chhut-sì ) sī chi̍t-ūi Australia ê cha-bó͘ bú-tâi kap tiān-iáⁿ ián-goân. 2011 nî ê *A Few Best Men* sī Debicki ê tē-it pái tiān-iáⁿ ián-chhut; i āu-lâi koh tī *The Great Gatsby* (2013).\n\nChá-nî\n------\n\nDebicki tī Hoat-kok ê Pa-lí chhut-sì; in lāu-pē sī Pho-lân-lâng, lāu-bú sī Éire-è ê Australia-lâng, nn̄g-lâng lóng-sī bú-tō-ka. Tī 5-hòe ê sî-chūn, Debicki kap chhù-lāi-lâng tàu-tīn poaⁿ-sóa káu Melbourne tēng-ki; i hām in 2-ūi sió-tī lóng tī hia tōa-hàn. Tī Debicki iáu chin sè-hàn ê sî-chūn, i chiū khai-sí tùi pa-lé-bú sán-seng hèng-chhù, jiân-āu mā chiap-siū bú-tō ê hùn-liān, it-ti̍t-kàu i koat-tēng beh chiâⁿ-chòe chi̍t-ūi ián-goân ûi-chí. Debicki tī Melbourne tang-pō͘ ê Huntingtower Ha̍k-hāu chiū-ha̍k ê sî-chūn, tī hì-kio̍k kap Eng-bûn hong-bīn lóng tit-tio̍h chin chhut-sek-ê sêng-chek piáu-ián; i pit-gia̍p sî sī ha̍k-hāu ê dux. 2010 nî, Debicki tī Melbourne Tāi-ha̍k oân-sêng hì-kio̍k ê ha̍k-ūi.\n\nSeng-gâi\n--------\n\n2011 nî ê *A Few Best Men* sī Debicki ê tē-it pái tiān-iáⁿ ián-chhut. 2011 nî 5 goe̍h, tō-ián Baz Luhrmann soan-pò͘ Debicki sī 2013 nî tiān-iáⁿ *The Great Gatsby* ê kak-sek *Jordan Baker* ê ián-goân. 2012 nî 12 goe̍h, Debicki chiâⁿ-chòe *Vogue* cha̍p-chì ê Australia hong-bīn chú-tê jîn-bu̍t.\n\nChok-phín\n---------\n\nElizabeth Debicki (2012).\n### Bú-tâi\n\n* *The Gift* (2010)\n* *The Maids* (2013)\n\n### Tiān-iáⁿ\n\n* *A Few Best Men* (2011)\n* *The Great Gatsby* (2013)\n* *Gödel, Incomplete* (2013)\n* *Rake* (2014)\n* *Macbeth* (2015)\n* *The Man from U.N.C.L.E.* (2015)\n* *Everest* (2015)\n* *The Kettering Incident* (2015)\n* *The Night Manager* (2015)\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Elizabeth Debicki*** |\n\n* Elizabeth Debicki tī Bāng-lō͘ Tiān-iáⁿ Chu-liāu-khò͘","meta":{"title":"Elizabeth Debicki","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[553,1829,0.302351011481684],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1997}} -{"text":"**Su-iâ** (si-iâ; hàn-gú: 師爺), pēn-nā-sī \"bo̍k-khik\" (幕客), \"bo̍k-pin\" (幕賓), \"bo̍k-iú\" (幕友), sī-tsí Tiong-kok kóo-tāi [zh] kok-kip kuañ-guân sóo phìng-tshiáñ ê su-jîn hîng-tsìng tsōo-lí [en]. Bo̍k-khik teh koh-khah kóo-tsá ê sî-tsūn pēn-nā-sī tsham-bôo sìng-tsit ê kì-sik tsham-kun [zh]. Su-iâ khai-sí teh Bîng-tiâu, tuā-hing teh Tshing-tiâu; tshing-bua̍t sin-tsìng [zh] liáu-āu ta̍uh-ta̍uh tō bi̍t--lo̍h-khì.\n\nBîng-tshing lióng-tiâu ê kuañ-guân khah kah-tshiáñ Siāu-hing tsi̍k ê jîn-sū lâi-tsò su-iâ. Sóo-í koh tiāñ-tiāñ kiò-tsò \"Siāu-hing su-iâ [en]\". Kīn-tāi Hiong-káng hēn-tāi tī lu̍t-su sū-bū-sóo [en] lāi-té uī-tio̍h kheh-hōo thê-kiong huat-lu̍t ì-kèn, m̄-kù bô lu̍t-su pâi-tsiàu ê ho̍k-bū jîn-guân, in mā sī kiò-tsò su-iâ; ìn-ê tsìng-sik miâ-tshing uî \"huat-lu̍t hîng-tsìng jîn-guân\" (Legal Executive). Tī huat-tîng [en] lāi-té uī kheh-hōo [en] thê-kiong huat-lu̍t ì-kèn [en] ê kong-bū-guân hi̍k-tsiá su-kì-kuañ [en], in mā sio̍k-tshing \"hîng-bîng su-iâ\" (刑名師爺).\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 徐珂 [zh]《清稗類鈔 [zh]》，第 1 卷\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 凌林煌：《曾國藩幕府（全期）成員之量化分析》，《思與言》(Tsîng Kok-huan bo̽k-hú [zh] (tsuân-kî) sîng-uân tsi liōng-huà hun-sik)，33.4（1995年12月），63頁。 (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Siāu-hing su-iâ [zh] (紹興師爺)\n* Kuril iông-liû (Kuril current, Oyashio Current; 親潮, 古力爾洋流)\n* Kok-chè hâng-khong cha̍p-chì (kok-tsè hâng-khong tsa̍p-tsì; eng-gí: Air International; hàn-gí: 國際航空雜誌)\n* Pâi-miâ (eng-gí: ranking; hàn-gí: 排名)\n* Lu̍t-su chu-keh khó-chhì (Lu̍t-su tsu-keh khó-tshì (LTK); eng-gí: bar examination; hàn-gí: 律師資格考試)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 師爺(古代幕僚) (Hàn-gí)\n* 古代師爺是什麼職務，相當於現在哪一級官員，薪水從哪裡來? (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Su-iâ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[621,1647,0.3770491803278688],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1913}} -{"text":"\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Pún-chiuⁿ sī sio̍k-î **Ki-tok-kàu** hē-lia̍t ê chi̍t-ê pō·-hūn |\n| |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu Le̍k-sú**\nIâ-so͘ Ki-tok\nCha̍p-jī ê Sù-tô·\nTong-hong Kéng-Kàu\nTang-sai Kàu-hōe ê hun-lia̍t\nSi̍p-jī-kun ê Tang-cheng\nChong-kàu ê Kái-kek |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Sîn-ha̍k**\nKi-tok-kàu ê Chông-pài \nIn-tián · Kiù-in \nSan-siōng ê Kàu-hùn \nSi̍t-chāi ê hok-khì\nChú ê Kî-tó-bûn\nCha̍p-tiâu-kài\nSèng-lêng\nTháu-pa̍k sîn-ha̍k\n**Ki-tok-kàu ê Lé-chiat**\nSé-lé\nSèng-chhan-lé |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Sèng-keng**\nKū-iok Sèng-keng\nSin-iok Sèng-keng\nÂng-phoê Sèng-keng |\n| Ki-tok-kàu ê Cheh-ji̍t\nSèng-tàn-cheh\nSèng-tàn Ló-jîn\nKoh-oa̍h-cheh |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Kàu-phài**\nTang-chèng-kàu\nThian-chú-kàu\nIâ-so·-hōe\nTō-bêng-hōe\nKi-tok-sin-kàu\nBí-kok Kong-lí-hōe\nBí-kok Kui-chèng Kàu-hōe\nEng-kok Kok-kàu\nAn-hioh-ji̍t Hōe\nTâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hoē\nGō·-sûn-chat Kàu-phài\nSù-tô·-sìn-sim-hoē \nSîn-tiàu-hōe\nSîn ê Kàu-hoē\nChin Iâ-so· Kàu-hōe\n**Siū chèng-thóng kàu-hōe kheh-che̍h**\nIâ-hô-hoa Kiàn-chèng-jîn\nIâ-so· Ki-tok Āu-kî Sèng-tô· Kàu-hōe\nSin-iok Kàu-hōe\nThóng-it Kàu-hōe |\n\n**Tâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hoē** thâu-khí-seng sī 1865-nî 6-go̍eh 16-ji̍t iû So͘-keh-lân ê Má-ngá-kok i-seng (James Laidlaw Maxwell) tāi-piáu Eng-kok Tiúⁿ-ló kàu hōe tī Tâi-lâm khai-siat pēⁿ-īⁿ khai-sí; Tâi-ôan pak-pō͘ ê Sôan-kàu kang-chok sī Ka-ná-tāi ê gê-i Má-kai bo̍k-su (George Leslie Mackay) tī 1872-nî 3-go̍eh 7-ji̍t tiàm Tām-chúi khai-sí. Má-kai tiàm Tâi-ôan Sôan-kàu 29 tang, kiàn-li̍p 60 keng kàu-tn̂g, mā chhòng-li̍p Gû-chin O̍h-tn̂g (kin-ná-ji̍t ê Tâi-oân Sîn-ha̍k-īⁿ chiân-sin).\n\nTiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hoē chù-tiōng kàu-io̍k, tī lâm-pō͘ chhòng-pān Tióng-êng Tiong-ha̍k, lí-tiong, tī pak-pō͘ pān Tām-kang Tiong-ha̍k.\n\nTī Tâi-oân, tùi Ji̍t-tì-sî-tāi kàu Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng kìm-chí sú-iōng hong-giân ê sî-tāi, Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hoē lóng sī iōng Tâi-ôan-ōe teh sôan-kàu. Kàu-hoē tùi Ji̍t-tì-sî-tāi kàu Kok-bîn-tóng kài-giâm sî-tāi iā it-ti̍t ū cheng-chhú jîn-kôan kah bîn-chú ê thôan-thóng, chū-án-ne hông jīn-ûi kah Tâi-ôan to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng ū koan-liân.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Chá-kî soan-kàu-su\n\nTâi-oân ki-tok tiúⁿ-lo kàu-hōe tāi-seng sī keng-iû So-keh-lân ê i-ha̍k phok-sū Má-ngá-kok i-seng (James Laidlaw Maxwell) , siū Eng-kok So-keh-lân tiúⁿ-lo kàu-hōe só chí-phài, tī 1865 nî 5 go̍eh 28 ji̍t chèng-sek tī-leh tâi-oân lâm-pō Tá-káu (kin-á-ji̍t ê Ko-hiông) chiūⁿ-lio̍k, liáu-āu tùi khai-sí tī-leh hú-siâⁿ se-bûn gōa-kháu Khòaⁿ-se-ke cho-chhù, siat-kàu hêng-i. \n\nBô-kú liáu-āu, lēng-gōa chi̍t-ê bo̍k-su Rev. Hugh Ritchie kap i-ê hu-jîn tí-ta̍t tá-káu, i-sī Pîn-tong, Lí-káng, Tang-káng kap tang-pō ê khai-tok-chiá.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* \"Tâi-ôan Ū Kôan Ka-ji̍p Liân-ha̍p-kok\" ê Soan-giân","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1045,2560,0.408203125],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3001}} -{"text":"1924 nî tī Tang-kiaⁿ ê Tâi-oân Gī-hōe chhéng-goān-thoân.\n**Tâi-oân Gī-hōe Siat-tì Ūn-tōng** (台灣議會設置運動) sī hoat-seng tī 20 sè-kí chiân-kî ê Tâi-oân chèng-tī ūn-tōng. Chit hāng ūn-tōng iû Sin-bîn-hōe hoat-khí, sī hióng Tè-kok Gī-hōe cheng-chhú tī Tâi-oân siat-tì chū-tī gī-hōe ûi chú-iàu sò͘-kiû ê ūn-tōng. Chit tiûⁿ ūn-tōng sī Tâi-oân bîn-kan ùi bú-le̍k hoán-khòng Ji̍t-pún thóng-tī choán-óng kīn-tāi-sek chèng-tī ūn-tōng ê choán-piàn-tiám; lēng-gōa iā sī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi le̍k-sî siōng-kú koh kui-bô͘ siōng-tōa ê chèng-tī ūn-tōng. Chit pái ūn-tōng ê hoat-seng ē-ēng tui-sok kàu 1918 nî ê Lio̍k-sam-hoat Thiat-hòe Ūn-tōng. Lîm Têng-lo̍k jīm-ûi thiat-hòe *Lio̍k-sam-hoat* bû-ī chiap-siū Ji̍t-pún thóng-tī tong-kio̍k ê Lōe-tē Iân-tiông Chú-gī chèng-chhek, sún-hāi Tâi-oân ê te̍k-sû-sèng kap to̍k-li̍p-sèng. Siū-tio̍h i-ê chú-tiuⁿ ê éng-hióng, ūn-tōng ê lō͘-soàⁿ iû goân-pún ê thiat-hòe *Lio̍k-sam-hoat* choán-óng siat-tì Tâi-oân chū-tī gī-hōe. Chú-tiuⁿ ki-î Ji̍t-pún li̍p-hiàn chèng-tī ê cheng-sîn, eng-kai ài siat-tì Tâi-oân Gī-hōe, kā Chóng-tok-hú ê li̍p-hoat-koân kau-hoân hō͘ Tâi-oân jîn-bîn.\n\nÙi 1921 nî 1 goe̍h 30 hō tē-it pái hióng Tè-kok Gī-hōe thê-chhut *Tâi-oân Gī-hōe Siat-tì Chhéng-goān-su* (台灣議會設置請願書), chì 1934 nî 9 goe̍h 2 hō koat-gī thêng-chí ûi-chí, ūn-tōng le̍k-sî lóng-chóng 14 tang, thê-chhut kòe 15 pái chhéng-goān. Ūn-tōng chho͘-kî ê chham-ú-chiá chú-iàu sī tī Tang-kiaⁿ ê Tâi-oân liû-ha̍k-seng. Lo̍h-bòe kàu tē-saⁿ pái chhéng-goān tiû-pī ê sî-chūn, chiah kiōng-tông sêng-li̍p Tâi-oân Gī-hōe Kî-sêng Tông-bêng-hōe, tān-sī hō͘ Tâi-oân Chóng-tok Tiân Kiān-tī-lông í hông-gāi an-lêng siā-hōe tia̍t-sū ûi-iû kìm-chí, mā liōng-sêng tī-kéng sū-kiāⁿ ê chèng-tī pek-hāi sū-kiāⁿ. Put-kò, chit chhù ūn-tōng lo̍h-bóe tit-tio̍h Ji̍t-pún î-lūn kap Tâi-oân bîn-chiòng ê tông-chêng, chham-ú jîn-sò͘ māi-hiòng ko-hong. Put-kò, tī 1931 nî Tâi-oân Bîn-chiòng-tóng pī-pek kái-sàn liáu-āu, in-ūi sit-khì chi-chhî thoân-thé koh siū-tio̍h Fasci Chú-gī ê ap-chè, ūn-tōng tī 1934 nî chèng-sek soan-pò tiong-chí.\n\nTâi-oân Gī-hōe Siat-tì Ūn-tōng tû-liáu tùi Tâi-oân bîn-chiòng kiàn-li̍p hoat-tī ê koan-liām kap khak-li̍p tùi hiàn-chèng cheng-sîn ê tui-kiû, Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú iā sūn-èng ūn-tōng sêng-li̍p Chóng-tok-hú Phêng-gī-hōe, pēng-chhiáⁿ tī 1935 nî chiu-chhī-ke-chng poàn-sò͘ gī-oân kái iû bîn-soán, chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-oân tē-hng chū-tī ê iân-khí.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Gī-hōe Siat-tì Ūn-tōng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2384,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2713}} -{"text":"*Koan-hē Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún Sî-tāi ê hōe, chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ Tâi-oân ESP Hia̍p-hōe.*\n**Tâi-oân Esperanto Hia̍p-hōe** (Esperanto: Tajvana Esperantista Asocio (TEA)) sī Tâi-oân chú-iàu ê Esperanto cho·-chit, tī 1990-nî sêng-li̍p. Tong-sî sī tī Kok-chè Esperanto Hia̍p-hoē (*Universala Esperanto-Asocio*) phài lâi Tâi-oân thui-kóng Esperanto ê Esperanto lāu-su Joakimo Werdin ê hia̍p-chō· hā sêng-li̍p ê. Tē-1-jīm hoē-tiúⁿ sī Tintilo (Ông Tiong-i 王鐘伊). Āu--lâi Tintilo chham Joakimo kiat-chò ang-á-bó·, sio-chhoā tńg-khì Polska, TEA ê hoē-tiúⁿ oāⁿ Arbaro (Lîm Bûn-êng 林文榮) tam-jīm. Hiān-chú-sî Arbaro iáu-kó sī TEA ê miâ-gī-siōng ê hoē-tiúⁿ. Chit-tiong-kan, tùi TEA chò-koè phah-piàⁿ--ê, iáu-kó ū: Zhong Qiyao (Tiong Khé-giâu 鍾啟堯) -- chhut-pán *Tajvana Esperantisto* (Tâi-oân Sè-kài-gí-chiá) cha̍p-chì; Reza Kheirkhah -- tī Pîn-tong Lâm-êng Ko-téng Ha̍k-hāu (南榮高中) khò-goā oa̍h-tāng kà Sè-kái-gí; Manlajo -- chú-chhî Sè-kái-gí kàu-ha̍k bāng-chām lernu! lāi-bīn ê Tiong-bûn pō·-hūn; Grego Kay -- chhut-pán *Formoza Folio* (Tâi-oân chi Hio̍h) cha̍p-chì, téng-téng ê jîn-sū.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Esperanto Hia̍p-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1045,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1197}} -{"text":"**Edubuntu**, chìn-chêng hō-chòe **Ubuntu kàu-io̍k pán**, sī Ubuntu chok-gia̍p hē-thóng ê chi̍t ê koaⁿ-hong ián-seng pán, siat-kè hō͘ ha̍k-hāu, ka-têng kap siā-khu lâi sú-iōng.\n\nEdubuntu kap chi̍t-kóa kok-ka ê kàu-su ah-sī ki-su̍t jîn-oân hia̍p-tông khai-hoat liáu kúi-lō nî. Edubuntu kiàn-li̍p tī Ubuntu ê ki-chhó͘ téng, thóng-ha̍p LTSP khin-hêng kheh-hō͘-toan kè-kò͘ kap chi̍t-kóa kàu-io̍k-iōng èng-iōng têng-sek, tùi-siōng sī 6 kàu 18 hè ê sú-iōng-chiá. I sī siat-kè lâi kā an-chong kap pêng-sî î-hō͘ pìⁿ kán-tan--ê.\n\nTe̍k-sek\n--------\n\nEdubuntu siu-lo̍k ū Linux Chiong-Toan Sū-Ho̍k-Khì Choan-Àn kap chin chōe kàu-io̍k siong-koan ê èng-iōng têng-sek, pau-koat GCompris, KDE Edutainment Suite, Sabayon Profile Manager, Pessulus Lockdown Editor, Edubuntu Menueditor, LibreOffice, Gnome Nanny kap iTalc. Í-chêng ū *Shipit* ho̍k-bū thê-kiong bián-hùi ê Edubuntu CD; Chóng--sî ùi 8.10 pán (2008) khai-sí chí ē-táng ùi bāng-lō͘ hā-chài jî-chhiáⁿ sī DVD keh-sek--ê.\n\nEdubuntu ū-siat ê GUI sī Unity, chóng--sî mā ē-táng chng GNOME. Unity ùi 12.04 khai-sí chiâⁿ-chòe ū-siat GUI. Ùi 7.10 khai-sí, mā ē-táng ēng KDE, hō-chòe Edubuntu KDE. Tī 2010 nî Edubuntu kap Qimo 4 Kids choan-àn ha̍p-chok tī Edubuntu ni̍h thê-kiong Qimo, chóng--sî in-ūi chiⁿ bōe ji̍p chi̍t tiuⁿ CD soah lâi pàng-sak.\n\nChoan-àn bo̍k-phiau\n-------------------\n\nEdubuntu chi̍t-khai-sí ê lí-sióng sī hō͘ ki-su̍t tì-sek kap ki-lêng iú-hān ê kàu-io̍k kang-chok-chiá ū châi-tiāu thang tī chi̍t tiám-cheng sīm-chì koh khah chió ê sî-kan lāi-tè, chiū ē-táng kè-siat chi̍t ê tiān-náu si̍t-giām-sek ah-sī sòaⁿ-téng ha̍k-si̍p khoân-kéng, jiân-āu ū hāu-lu̍t-á koán-lí chit-ê khoân-kéng.\n\nEdubuntu ê chú-iàu siat-kè bo̍k-phiau sī chiong chó͘-thài, sú-iōng-chiá kap têng-sū chi̍p-tiong koán-lí kiat-liân si̍t-thé siat-si, thang tī kàu-sek ê siat-tēng ē ūn-hêng. Kâng-khoán tiōng-iàu--ê sī siu-chi̍p siōng hó ê chū-iû nńg-thé kap sò͘-ūi kàu-io̍k chu-liāu. Kun-kù Edubuntu koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām só͘ siá--ê: \"Goán ê bo̍k-phiau chiū-sī kā só͘-ū siōng hó ê kàu-io̍k chū-iû nńg-thé khǹg tī chi̍t ê hē-thóng, jî-chhiáⁿ hō͘ chit-ê hē-thóng hó an-chong kap î-hō͘.\"\n\nLēng-gōa chi̍t ê bo̍k-phiau sī hō͘ kē-siu-ji̍p--ê mā ē-táng hoat-hui in ū--ê (kū--ê) tiān-náu ê siōng tōa kong-hāu.\n\nPán-pún\n-------\n\nEdubuntu 7.04 pau-tsong\nEdubuntu ê tē it pái hoat-hêng sī tī 2005-10-13, tè hō-chòe *Breezy Badger* ê Ubuntu 5.10 hoat-hêng. Tī 8.04 Hardy Heron hoat-hêng ê sî, hō-chòe **Ubuntu Kàu-Io̍k Pán**, jî-chhiáⁿ piàn-sêng piau-chún Ubuntu an-chong ê chi̍t ê gōa-kòa, put-chài sī ē-táng an-chong ê LiveCD. Ùi 9.10 pán khai-sí, Edubuntu koh chiâⁿ-chòe chi̍t ê oân-chéng hē-thòng ê DVD, jî m̄-sī chi̍t ê gōa-kòa CD. Edubuntu mā ē-táng tī só ū sú-iōng Ubuntu koaⁿ-hong thò-kiāⁿ-khò ê hoat-hêng-pán (chú-iàu sī Ubuntu kap Kubuntu) lāi-té soán \"edubuntu\" thò-kiāⁿ-chi̍p lâi an-chong. \n\nÙi 14.04 khai-sí, Edubuntu chí-ū chhut LTS; Edubuntu soan-pò͘ in ōe thiàu ké Ubuntu 16.04 LTS keng-sin. In-ūi khiàm-kheh kòng-hiàn-chiá, in kè-ōe kè-sio̍k lâu tī 14.04.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Edubuntu 11.10 Release Announcement\". 17 Feb 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"Qimo 2.0 is now available\". goân-loē-iông tī 14 May 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. 2010-09-18 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"What's been happening with Edubuntu\". goân-loē-iông tī 4 March 2014 hőng khó͘-pih.\n4. ↑ \"About Edubuntu\". 16 June 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"Ubuntu Education Edition 8.04 Released\". 2008-04-24 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ \"Edubuntu 9.10 Release Announcement\". 2009-10-29 khòaⁿ--ê.\n7. ↑ \"Edubuntu Packages Downloads\". 2010-09-18 khòaⁿ--ê.\n8. ↑\n9. ↑\n10. ↑\n\nChām-gōa liân-kiat\n------------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām\n* Integrating open source into a primary school, UK weblog","meta":{"title":"Edubuntu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[788,3721,0.21177102929320074],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4085}} -{"text":"\n\n***Tiong-Eng Liân-ha̍p Seng-bêng*** (中英聯合聲明), choân-chheng ***Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Chèng-hú hām Tāi Put-lia̍t-tian kap Pak Ài-ní-lân Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok Chèng-hú koan-î Hiong-káng Būn-tê ê Liân-ha̍p Seng-bêng*** (中華人民共和國政府和大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國政府關於香港問題的聯合聲明), sī Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok hām Tāi Put-lia̍t-tian kap Pak Ài-ní-lân Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok chiū Hiong-káng bûn-tê kiōng-tông hoat-piáu ê chi̍t-hūn seng-bêng, tī 1984 nî 12 goe̍h 19 hō iû Tiong-kok Kok-bū-īⁿ Chóng-lí Tiō Chí-iông hām Eng-kok Siú-siòng Margaret Thatcher tī Tiong-kok Pak-kiaⁿ chhiam-tēng, Chòe-ko Léng-tō-jîn Tēng Siáu-pêng kap Tiong-kok Kok-ka Chú-sek Lí Sian-liām iā chāi-tiûⁿ kiàn-chèng. Siang-hong chèng-hú tī 1985 nî 5 goe̍h 27 hō hō͘-siong kau-ōaⁿ phoe-chún-su, pēng hiòng Liân-ha̍p-kok Pì-su-chhù teng-kì, *Tiong-Eng Liân-ha̍p Seng-bêng* chèng-sek seng-hāu, iā siōng-teng le̍k-sî 14 nî pòaⁿ ê hiong-káng kap Ò-mn̂g kòe-tō͘ sî-kî ê khai-sí.","meta":{"title":"Tiong-Eng Liân-ha̍p Seng-bêng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,933,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1064}} -{"text":"**Elazar Menachem Man Shach** (Hi-pek-lâi-gí: אלעזר מנחם מן שך , Elazar Shach ; January 1 , 1899 O .S. – November 2, 2001) was a prominent ultra-Orthodox rabbi, heading the non - Hasidic *Litvak* Orthodox from the early 1970s until his death. He served as chair of the Council of Sages, and as one of three co-deans of the Ponevezh Yeshiva in Bnei Brak, along with Shmuel Rozovsky and Dovid Povarsky. Due to his differences with the Hasidic leadership of the Agudat Yisrael political party , he allied with Ovadia Yosef, with whom he founded the Shas party in 1984. Later , in 1988, Shach sharply criticized Ovadia Yosef , saying that, \"Sepharadim are not yet ready for leadership positions\" and subsequently founded the Degel HaTorah political party representing the *Litvaks* in the Israeli Knesset,.\n\nShach (late 1980s), seated right, looking down at book. Yosef Shalom Eliashiv and Chaim Kanievsky are to his left.\n\nThe Holocaust\n-------------\n\nShach taught that the Holocaust was a divine punishment for the sins of the Jewish people, and for the abandoning of religious observance for the enlightenment. He caused outrage in the secular Israeli media when he stated that \"the Holy One , blessed be He , kept score for hundreds of years until it added up to six million Jews\". In his defence, Haredi MKs said his comments had been misconstrued , and were not meant to justify Nazi atrocities. Shach believed that the secularism of some Israelis would cause another Holocaust , and he once said that if the Education Ministry were to be placed in the hands of Meretz MK Shulamit Aloni, it would result in\" over a million Israeli children being forced into apostasy, and that would be worse than what had happened to Jewish children during the Holocaust\" ,. Wishing to prevent deviation from the established order of prayers, he opposed the composition of new prayers to commemorate the victims of the Holocaust.\n\nPosition on serving in the Israeli military\n-------------------------------------------\n\nIn May 1998, following talk of a political compromise which would allow Haredim to perform national service by guarding holy places , Shach told his followers in a public statement that it is forbidden to serve in the army, and that\" it is necessary to die for this\". This is a case , Shach said, in which , halachically, one must\" be killed, rather than transgress\". This position was expressed in large ads placed in all three of Israel's daily newspapers on May 22 , 1998. Shach is quoted as saying that,\" Any yeshiva student who cheats the authorities and uses the exemption from service for anything other than real engagement in Torah study is a *rodef* ( someone who threatens the lives of others )\", and that\" those who are not learning jeopardize the position of those who are learning as they should\",.\n\nPosition on territorial compromise\n----------------------------------\n\nShach supported the withdrawal from land under Israeli control , basing it upon the *halakhic* principle of *pikuach nefesh* (\"[the] saving [of a] life\"), in which the preservation of lives takes precedence over nearly all other obligations in the Torah , including those pertaining to the sanctity of laND .\n\nChabad and the Lubavitcher Rebbe\n--------------------------------\n\nShach was undoubtedly the greatest antagonist of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn and the only major Lithuanian rabbi to come out in force against the Chabad movement and its leader. From the 1970s onwards , Shach was publicly critical of Schneerson , accusing Chabad of false Messianism by claiming Schneerson had created a cult of crypto - messianism around himself. He objected to Schneerson's calling upon the Messiah to appear , and when some of Schneerson's followers proclaimed him the Messiah, Shach called for a boycott of Chabad and its institutions. In 1988 , Shach denounced Schneerson as a *meshiach sheker* ( false messiah ) , and compared Chabad Hasidim to the followers of the 17th century Sabbatai Zevi , branding as idolatrous Schneerson's statement that a rebbe is \"the essence and being of God clothed in a body \". Followers of Shach refused to eat meat slaughtered by Chabad Hasidim , refusing to recognize them as adherents of authentic Judaism. Shach also opposed Chabad's Tefillin Campaign , and once described Schneerson as \"the madman who sits in New York and drives the whole world crazy \". He nevertheless prayed for his recovery , explaining that\" I pray for the rebbe's recovery , and simultaneously also pray that he abandon his invalid way \".\n\nSchneerson , citing case law in the *Shulchan Aruch* , strongly opposed both peace talks with the Palestinians and relinquishing territory to them under any circumstances, while Shach supported the \"land for peace \"approach .\n\nDeath\n-----\n\nShach's grave in Bnei Brak\nShach died on November 2 , 2001 , two months short of his 103rd birthday ( although other reports put his age at 108 ). His funeral in Bnei Brak was attended by up to 400,000 people .\n\nWorks\n-----\n\n* *Avi Ezri* – Insights and expositions on various concepts in the Yad HaChazaka of the Rambam\n* *Michtavim u'Maamarim – a collection of Shach's letters published in various editions of 4–6 volumes.*\n\nFurther reading\n---------------\n\n* *Harav Schach: Shehamafteach B'yado* by Moshe Horovitz. Keter Publishing House, Jerusalem. 1989.\n* *The Man of Vision: The Ultra-Orthodox Ideology of Rabbi Shach* (Ish HaHashkafah: HaIdeologia HaHaredit al pi HaRav Shach), by Avishay Ben Haim, Mosaica Publishers\n* *Maran Rosh HaYyeshiva Rav Shach* – (designed for youth readers) by Rabbi Yechiel Michel Stern. The first comprehensive biographical sketch to appear in Hebrew after the demise of Rabbi Shach – Published by Israel Book Shop\n* *Path to Greatness – The Life of Maran Harav Elazar Menachem Man Shach, Vol I: Vaboilnik to Bnei Brak (1899–1953)* by Asher Bergman, translated by Yocheved Lavon. Feldheim Publishers 634 pages.","meta":{"title":"Elazar Shach","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[736,4768,0.15436241610738255],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5939}} -{"text":"\n{Qq{Infobox Settlement\n|name = Asyut Séng\n|native\\_name = محافظة أسيوط\n|settlement\\_type = Muhafazah\n|image\\_skyline = Nasser Mosque مسجد ناصر - panoramio.jpg\n|image\\_flag = Flag of Assiut Governorate.png\n|flag\\_size = 80x80px\n|image\\_shield = \n|shield\\_size = 80x80px\n|image\\_map = Asyut in Egypt.svg\n|subdivision\\_type = Kok-ka\n|subdivision\\_name =  Ai-ki̍p\n|population\\_total = 4383289\n|area\\_total\\_km2 = 13720\n|population\\_density\\_km2 = auto\n|timezone1 = EET\n|utc\\_offset1 = +2\n|website = www.assiut.gov.eg\n}}\n**Asyut Séng** (A-la-pek-gí: محافظة أسيوط) sī Ai-ki̍p ê chi̍t ê séng (*muhafazah*).\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nAi-ki̍p ê séng |\n| --- |\n| |\n| To͘-chhī | \n* Cairo\n* Alexandria\n* Said Káng\n* Suez\n\n | |\n| |\n| Ē Ai-ki̍p | \n* Ismailia\n* Kafr El Sheikh\n* Gharbia\n* Dakahlia\n* Sharqia\n* Monufia\n* Qalyubiyya\n* Damietta\n* Beheira\n\n |\n| |\n| Téng Ai-ki̍p | \n* Giza\n* Faiyum\n* Beni Suef\n* Minya\n* Asyut\n* Sohag\n* Qena\n* Aswan\n* Luxor\n\n |\n| |\n| Pian-kài | \n* Âng Hái\n* Sin Hô-kok\n* Matrouh\n* Pak Sinai\n* Lâm Sinai\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Asyut Séng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[257,767,0.3350717079530639],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1193}} -{"text":"\n\n***Tari Tari*** sī í Sîn-nāi-chhoan Koān ê Kang-chi-tó chò bú-tâi ê oân-chhòng tōng-oē, iû P.A.Works chè-chok. I sī P.A.Works tī \"True Tears\" kap \"Hoe-khui Bu̍t-gí\" liáu-āu tē 3 pō͘ chheng-chhun kûn-siōng-ke̍k.\n\nKò͘-sū\n------\n\nKò͘-sū khai-tián tī kū nî ê im-ga̍k-hoat-piáu-hoē-téng, Lâi-hā in-ūi siuⁿ kín-tiuⁿ,kiat-kó͘ hō͘ kui ê ián-chhiùⁿ-hoē sit-pāi, toè-boé hông kàng-chò hoan phó͘ ê ê chit-ūi. Keng-koè choē kám-ē chhéng-kiû , soah ta̍uh-ta̍uh siūⁿ-chhò. Sim-hoâi put-ho̍k ê i, koat-tēng lī-khui siaⁿ-ga̍k siā, chhòng-li̍p sio̍k-î ka-kī ê sin ê siā-thoân \"ha̍p-chhiùⁿ siā\". Lēng-chi̍t-hong-bīn , in chin chē goân-in hō͘ bat jia̍t-ài im-ga̍k ê Hô-cháu ùi im-ga̍k-kho choán-kàu ah phó͘-thong-kho. Bó͘ chit-kang , siū-tio̍h ah Lâi-hā ê iau chhiáⁿ, it-ti̍t kàu ko-saⁿ iáu-boē pái-thoat chìn-chêng ê im-bâi ê Hô-cháu, sàn-sim kū-choa̍t ah ji̍p-siā ê chhéng-kiû , tī hó-iú Sa-ú ê pang-chō͘-hā chiah khéng koà-miâ \"ha̍p-chhiùⁿ-siā\". Se̍h tioh koh chèng iân-iû ê siā-oân chū tī chò-hoé. In tī ko-tiong ê siāng-boé chi̍t-ê joa̍h-thiⁿ , chò-hoé cháu-chhoē im-ga̍k ê tui-kiû.\n\nJîn-bu̍t\n--------\n\nPán-chéng Hô-chàu (Sakai Wakana)\nThó͘-sán tiàm-thâu ê to̍k-seng-lí. Khiâ thih-bé siōng-khò , chhēng im-ga̍k kho ê chè-ho̍k, ū-sî ē koà ba̍k-kiàⁿ. Bat ūi-tio̍h chiang-lâi ē kiâⁿ-chiūⁿ im-ga̍k ê tō͘-lō͘ iah chìn-ji̍p im-ga̍k kho, tān liáu-āu hòng-khì im-ga̍k ê lō͘ , choán-kàu phó͘-thong kho, pēng chham-ka pó͘-khò. Tī tha̍h-kàu ko-tiong saⁿ-nî sî, hām Kiong-pún Lâi-hā, Chhiong-tiân Sa-ú ê sio-gū ūi khoè-ki chó͘-sêng ha̍p-chhiùⁿ pō͘, to án-ne koh chi̍t-kái hām im-ga̍k sio liân-hē.\nKiong-pún Lâi-hā (Miyamoto Konatu)\nHó-tàu-tīn, kah-ì chhiùⁿ-koa ê cha-bó͘-gín-á. Kap Hô-chàu sī tông-chhong. Ha̍p-chhiùⁿ siā ê siā-tiúⁿ. Í-chêng bat ka-ji̍p kàu siaⁿ-ga̍k pō͘, in-ūi chi̍t-nî chêng im-ga̍k hoat-piáu-hoē ( tē-34 kài) ê sit-pāi , tùi ián-chhiùⁿ chiá lûn-ûi hoan phó͘ ê khang-khoè. Bē-ēng chham-ka im-ga̍k oa̍h-tāng ê i, tī chí-tō sian-seⁿ kī-choa̍t hō͘ i hok-chhut ê chêng-hóng-hā, thè-chhut siaⁿ-ga̍k pō͘, koat-sim sêng-li̍p ha̍p-chhiùⁿ pō͘. Bat in jîn-sò͘ bô-kàu kái-sàn , liáu-āu chhòng-li̍p \"ha̍p-chhiùⁿ ū-sî ú-mô-kiû pō͘\".\nChhiong-tiân Sa-ú (Okita Sawa)\nHô-chàu ê tông-pan tông-ha̍k , tông-sî chham-ka keng-tâu pō͘ kap ha̍p-chhiùⁿ pō͘ ê siàu lí. Sèng-keh ta-tiú , ū chhin-chhiūⁿ bô͘-te̍k-jî ê sin-châi , khū-iú chhiūⁿ á-chí ê hong-hoān. Toà tī ko-tiong hù-kīn sī-biō , chhī chit-chiah chhin-chhiūⁿ chhin-lâng kāng-khoán ê bé \"Sabure\", chì-goān sī chiâⁿ-chò khiâ-sai, soah hō͘ lāu-pē hoán-tùi. Siāng-boé ūi-tio̍h chiâⁿ-chò chit-ê khiâ-chhiú, khì hái-goā ha̍k-si̍p.\nTian-tiong Tāi-tì (Tanaka Taichi)\nKah-ì ūn-tōng, m̄-kuh tiaⁿ-tiaⁿ oàⁿ-kàu. Kah-ì phah ú-mô͘-kiû, bat chham-ka kan-na i chi̍t-lâng ê ú-môt-kiû siā, tān-sī tī su ah liáu-āu tio̍h ka-jip hahp-chhiù-siā. Hām a-chí tàu-tīn seng-oah. Kah-ì Sa-ú, tān-sī bô hó-hó-á kóng--chhut-lâi.\nWien / Chiân-tiân Tun-phok (Wīn/Maeda Atsuhiro)\nÙi Austria ê Vienna tńg-kàu Ji̍t-pún ê Ji̍t-kiâu. Tùi Ji̍t-pún bûn-hoà ū chin chē hèng-chhù, m̄-kuh i sī khoàⁿ chheh o̍h--ê, jî-chhiá tiaⁿ-tiaⁿ lòng-m̄-tio̍h. Pún-chêng hō͘ Tāi-tì iau-chhiáⁿ khì ú-mô͘-kiû siā, m̄-kuh pí-sài su ah mā toè i ka-ji̍p ha̍p-chhiūⁿ-siā.\n\nChè-chok\n--------\n\nChit-pō͘ goân-chhòng tōng-oē goân-chok si EVERGREEN, iū P.A.Work chè-chok, Kiô-pún Chhiong-hô tō-ián. 2012 nî 7 goe̍h khai-sí tī Sîn-nāi-chhoan Tiān-sī-tâi hòng-sàng.","meta":{"title":"Tari Tari","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,3339,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3850}} -{"text":"Hok-chiu ê tiong-sim siong-gia̍p-khu\nHok-kiàn Chū-iû Bō͘-e̍k Chhì-giām-khu hā-sio̍k ê Pêng-thâm Chong-ha̍p Si̍t-giām-khu\nHok-kiàn chhut-sán ê Pe̍h-hô gîn-chiam tê\nHok-kiàn thô͘-lâu koan-kong-khu\nHok-kiàn sī keng-chè hoat-tián liáu siōng-kín ê séng-hūn chi-it, 2010 nî ê keng-chè chóng-liōng sī Tiong-kok tē-12 miâ. Chiàu 1979 chì 2007 nî ê 29 tang ê choa̍t-tùi pí-kàu, 2007 nî GDP chóng-liōng sī 1978 nî ê 138.02 pōe; chiàu put-piàn kè-siàu thui-sǹg (í kāng sî-kan ê choân-kok pêng-kin bu̍t-kè chò ki-chún), GDP ta̍k-nî pêng-kin cheng-tióng-lu̍t sī 12.4%, cheng-tióng sok-tō͘ kīn-chhù-î Kńg-tang kap Chiat-kang chit nn̄g ê séng-hūn. 2010 nî ê GDP cheng-tióng 13.8%, kīn-chhù-î Thian-tin-chhī, Tiōng-khèng-chhī, Sù-chhoan-séng, cheng-hok sī choân-kok tē-4 miâ. 2016 nî ê GDP chóng-liōng sī 2.59-bān-ek Jîn-bîn-pè.\n\n1978 chì 2008 nî, ū 21 tang ê GDP nî-cheng-tióng-lu̍t pí 10% koân, GDP cheng-hok siōng-koân ê nî-hūn sī 1993 nî, ū 22.6%. Hok-kiàn-séng ê GDP chóng-liōng tī Tiong-kok ùi 1978 nî ê tē-22 miâ, kàu 2007 nî shiūⁿ-seng chì tē-10 miâ; Hok-kiàn-séng 1981 nî ê GDP chóng-liōng tē-it pái tu̍t-phoà 100-ek îⁿ, 1993 nî ê GDP tu̍t-phoà 1-chheng-ek îⁿ, 2008 nî tu̍t-phoà 1-bān-ek îⁿ. Kin-kì chho͘-pō͘ he̍k-soàn, 2010 nî Hok-kiàn-séng tē-khu seng-sán chóng-gia̍h sī 14357.12-ek îⁿ, pí téng chi̍t nî cheng-tióng liáu 13.8%, jîn-kin tē-khu seng-sán chóng-gia̍h ta̍t 39432 îⁿ, pí téng chi̍t tang cheng-tióng liáu 13.0%, sam-chhù sán-gia̍p pí-lē sī 9.5∶51.3∶39.2.\n\n### Kang-gia̍p\n\n1980 nî-tāi chìn-chêng, Hok-kiàn in-ūi ūi-tī Tâi-hái Chiàn-cheng ê chiân-soàⁿ, Tiong-kok tiong-iong tùi Hok-kiàn ê tâu-chu hui-siông chió, keng-chè hoat-tián khoaⁿ-bān. 1980 nî-tāi í-āu, chip-hêng kái-kek khai-hòng cheng-chhek, ha̍p-lí lī-iōng kiâu-chu kap goā-chu, ín-chìn sian-chìn ê ki-su̍t kap siat-pī, chiân-āu kiàn-li̍p liáu Ē-mn̂g Keng-chè Te̍k-khu, Má-bòe Keng-chè Ki-su̍t Khai-hoat-khu, iân-hái khai-hòng tē-khu kap Tâi-siong tâu-chu-khu. 2005 nî, Lióng-hoāⁿ khai-sí lâi-óng, Tâi-hái Chiàn-cheng ê khó-lêng-sèng toā-toā kiám-chió, í-kip tiong-iong chèng-hú thê-chhut ka-khoài Hái-se ê hoat-tián, Hok-kiàn tit-tio̍h tiong-iong hán-tit ê tâu-chu. Sui-jiân keng-chè khoài-sok cheng-tióng, tān-sī Hok-kiàn kàu-taⁿ iu-goân sī Tiong-kok iân-hái séng-chhī jîn-kin GDP khah-kē ê séng-hūn. Hok-chiu, Ē-mn̂g, Choân-chiu só͘-chāi ê Bân-tang-lâm tē-khu, keng-chè pí-kàu hoat-ta̍t. Hiuⁿ-tìn khì-gia̍p稳 ún-kiàn hoat-tián, lông-chhun goā-hiòng-hêng keng-chè hoat-tián khoài-sok. Kang-gia̍p í kheng-hêng ûi-chú, lūi-pia̍t iā chê-choân, hêng-sêng í Hok-chiu, Ē-mn̂g, Choân-chiu, Sam-bêng, Phô͘-chhân, Lâm-pêng, Siō-bú, Éng-an, Liông-giâm, Thâm-pêng ûi tiong-sim ê kang-gia̍p-khu, í kheng-kang, tiān-chú, si̍t-phín, chúi-sán ka-kang ûi kut-kàn ê iân-hái kang-gia̍p kap í goân-châi-liāu, pháng-chit, sim-kang, hoà-kang ûi kut-kàn ê lōe-tē thih-lō͘-soàⁿ kang-gia̍p phòe-tì ê kek-kio̍k.\n\n### Lông-gia̍p\n\nHok-kiàn chē soaⁿ, keng-tē khiám-khoeh. Tiū-bí sī chú-iàu ê lông-chok-bu̍t. Choân-séng ū 17 ê bí-niû seng-sán ki-tē. Chhân-hn̂g bīn-chek tāi-iok chiàm keng-tē bīn-chek ê 81%. Hok-kiàn sī Tiong-kok hoat-tián jia̍t-tài kap a-jia̍t-tài keng-chè chok-bu̍t ê tiōng-iàu ki-tē chi-it. Kam-chià seng-sán sī Tiong-kok tē-it.\n\n### Siong-gia̍p\n\n參考资料\n----\n\n1. ↑ chinatimes.com/","meta":{"title":"Hok-kiàn-séng ê keng-chè","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[17,3171,0.005361084831283507],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3629}} -{"text":"Si̍t-hêng liân-pang chè-tō͘ ê kok-ka.\n**Liân-pang** sī iû nn̄g-ê ia̍h-sī nn̄g-ê í-siōng ê chèng-tī si̍t-thé, chhin-chhiūⁿ kiōng-hô-kok, chiu, pang téng-téng, kiōng-tông kiat-ha̍p chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t-ê kok-ka ê kiat-kò͘ hêng-sek. Liân-pang kok-ka iû ta̍k-ê liân-pang sêng-oân cho͘-sêng, ta̍k-ê sêng-oân tan-ūi tī liân-pang sêng-li̍p chìn-chêng chiū í-keng chûn-chāi. Liân-pang sêng-oân-kok tī liân-pang sêng-li̍p chi-chêng, lóng sī tan-to̍k hiáng-iú chú-koân ê chèng-tī si̍t-thé; tī ka-ji̍p liân-pang liáu-āu, sui-jiân bô-koh ū oân-choân to̍k-li̍p ê chú-koân, tān-sī tī liân-pang hiàn-hoat kui-tēng ê hoān-ûi lāi, liân-pang sêng-oân kok-chū ê chú-koân iu-goân siū-tio̍h hoat-lu̍t ê pó-hō͘; liân-pang sêng-oân ū ka-kī ê hiàn-hoat kap hoat-lu̍t. Teh cho͘-sêng liân-pang ê sî, liân-pang sêng-oân kā kok-chū ê pō͘-hūn koân-le̍k jiōng-tō͘ hō͘ liân-pang chèng-hú, tông-sî koh pó-iú tio̍h pō͘-hūn koán-lí lāi-pō͘ sū-bū ê koân-le̍k, kok-bîn hiáng-iú liân-pang kap kok liân-pang sêng-oân ê siang-tiông kok-chek.","meta":{"title":"Liân-pang","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1001,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1136}} -{"text":"**ACG** sī **A**nimations、**C**omics and **G**ames--ê kán-lio̍k (簡略), ì-sù sī tōng-ōe (動畫), ang-á-chheh kah [tiān-chú] iû-hì (電子遊戲), te̍k-pia̍t sī Ji̍t-pún lâi--ê. Chit ê sû khah hán-tit hoan--chhut-lâi, tī Hoâ-jîn tē-khu (華人地區) ê chhù-bûn-hoà (次文化) tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ēng. Chia--ê \"G\" (tiān-chú iû-hì) siông-siông chí bí-siàu-lú (美少女) iû-hì.\n\nGoân-thâu kap hoat-tián\n-----------------------\n\n1995 nî, Tâi-oân hòⁿ tōng-oē kah bàng-gah--ê AIplus tī Kok-li̍p Tiong-san Tāi-ha̍k (中山大學) ê Soaⁿ Boah Bî-hûn (山抹微雲) BBS kui sin--ê pán (板), miâⁿ hō-choè \"ACG\\_Review\", iōng ACG lâi tāi-toè tōng-oē, ang-á-chheh kah iû-hì. Che sī jī-sû (字詞) ACG ê khí-thâu. liáu-āu in-ùi hō͘ Shuffle Tông-bêng (Hoâ-gí: 傻呼嚕同盟) phó͘-ki̍p, 3 ê jī-bó--ê chhù-sī tio̍h àn-tēng (按定)--lo̍h-lâi, koh toân kah Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok kah Hiong-káng téng Hoâ-jîn tē-khu.\n\nĀu-lâi tùi khin-sió-soat (輕小說) kái--ê tōng-oē, bàng-gah kah iû-hì lú-lâi lú-chē, só͘-í koh ū \"ACGN\" (N sī Novel, siáu-soat. siông-siông chí Khin-sió-soat) chit ê sû. Chit-chām ACG--ê ì-sù mā ū kâⁿ khin-sió-soat, só͘-í chha-put-to ta̍k ūi lóng iû-goân leh sú-iōng ACG.\n\nIōng--ê só͘-chāi\n----------------\n\nJi̍t-pún bô teh ēng ACG chit ê sû, khah tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ iōng \"MAG\" (マグ) (*Manga* bàng-gah, *Anime* tōng-oē kah *Game* iû-hì). Ji̍t-pún--ê ài-hòⁿ-chiá (愛好者) mā siông-siông kā ACG (pau-hâm Kheng-siáu-soat kap figure)--ê bûn-hoà kiò-choè lī-chù-goân (二次元, chham-khó ja:2次元#転用). It-poaⁿ kā koan-liâm--ê chhù-bûn-hoà kiò-choè Otaku bûn-hoà (オタク文化), koan-hē sán-gia̍p hō-choè Otaku sán-gia̍p (オタク産業).\n\nTī Eng-gí-khoan (英語圈), ACG mā han-tit sú-iōng.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Tong-oē kah bàng-gah (Hoâ-gí: 動漫)\n* Tông-jîn (同人)\n* Otaku\n* Cosplay\n* Li̍t-pún ACG-bê iong--ê su̍t-gú (術語) lia̍t-toaⁿ\n\nChhù-kái\n--------\n\n1. ↑ CCSX (2009-08-24). *《阿宅，你已經死了！》ê kéng-phín (景品)《Dead or Alive──台灣阿宅啟示錄》* (ēng Hôa-gí). Tâi-oân: Sî-pò Chhut-pán Kong-si. p. 31. ISBN 9789571350653. 2011-10-14 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ Chi̍t khoán ang-á.\n3. ↑ オタク文化とは\n4. ↑ Sú-iōng--ê lē:[ 朝日新聞までもが危惧し始めた「世界に広がるオタク文化」の幻想と危機的状況]","meta":{"title":"ACG","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[429,1988,0.21579476861167002],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2368}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\nA-chiu Sù-siáu-liông\n**A-chiu Sù-siáu-liông** (亞洲四小龍; pe̍h-ōe-im: **A-chiu Sì-sió-lêng**; Eng: *Four Asian Tigers*) he̍k-chiá **A-sè-a Sù-siáu-liông** (亞細亞四小龍) sī 4 ê chū 1970 nî-tāi khai-sí khoài-sok hoat-tián ê A-chiu keng-chè-thé, pau-hâm Hân-kok, Tâi-oân, Hiong-káng iáu-koh-ū Sin-ka-pho. Chit 4 ê A-chiu keng-chè-thé tī 1970 chì 1990 nî-tāi, keng-chè ê hoat-tián khoài-sok sêng-tióng; tī che chìn-chêng, in-ê sán-gia̍p lóng sī lông-gia̍p kap kheng-kang-gia̍p ûi-chú. In lī-iōng se-hong sian-chìn kok-ka hiòng hoat-tián-tiong kok-ka choán-î kāu-kang-hêng sán-gia̍p ê ki-hōe, khip-ín gōa-kok tāi-liōng ê chū-kim kap ki-su̍t, lī-iōng pún-tē sio̍k-kè ê lô-tōng-le̍k iu-sè, phòe-ha̍p keng-chè chèng-chhek ê chè-tēng kap tiâu-chéng, chhiok-chìn keng-chè ê sêng-kong hoat-tián. A-chiu Sù-siáu-liông sī A-chiu tē-khu, chiap-sio̍k tī Ji̍t-pún āu-piah ê sin-heng keng-chè-thé, iā sī keng-chè hoat-tián kap choán-hêng ê tián-hêng tāi-piáu.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Hàn-kang kî-chek\n* Tâi-oân kî-chek","meta":{"title":"A-chiu Sù-siáu-liông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[76,1013,0.07502467917077986],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1127}} -{"text":"**Hubert Blaine Wolfeschlegelsteinhausenbergerdorff, Sr.** (1914 nî 8 go̍eh 4 ji̍t – 1997 nî 10 go̍eh 24 ji̍t), choân-miâ sî **Adolph Blaine Charles David Earl Frederick Gerald Hubert Irvin John Kenneth Lloyd Martin Nero Oliver Paul Quincy Randolph Sherman Thomas Uncas Victor William Xerxes Yancy Zeus Wolfe­schlegelstein­hausenberger­dorffvoraltern­waren­gewissenhaft­schaferswessen­schafewaren­wohlgepflege­und­sorgfaltigkeit­beschutzen­von­angreifen­durch­ihrraubgierigfeinde­welche­voraltern­zwolftausend­jahres­vorandieerscheinen­wander­ersteer­dem­enschderraumschiff­gebrauchlicht­als­sein­ursprung­von­kraftgestart­sein­lange­fahrt­hinzwischen­sternartigraum­auf­der­suchenach­diestern­welche­gehabt­bewohnbar­planeten­kreise­drehen­sich­und­wohin­der­neurasse­von­verstandigmen­schlichkeit­konnte­fortplanzen­und­sicher­freuen­anlebens­langlich­freude­und­ruhe­mit­nicht­ein­furcht­vor­angreifen­von­anderer­intelligent­geschopfs­von­hinzwischen­sternartigraum, Senior.**, chhut-sè î Tek-kok Bergedorf, 1904 nî 2 go̍eh 29 ji̍t î-bîn Bí-kok, tēng ki î Pennsylvania ê Philadelphia. I sī Guinness Sè-kài Kí-lio̍k Tōa-choân ê siōng-kài tn̂g miâ-jī kí-lio̍k ê pó-chhî-chiá.","meta":{"title":"Hubert Blaine Wolfeschlegelsteinhausenbergerdorff, Sr.","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1199,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1280}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Avocado |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Laurales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Lauraceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Persea* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***P. americana*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Persea americana***Mill. |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Avocado** (tī Tâi-oân tha̍k **A-bu-khah-lo·h**) sī 1 chióng chhiū-á kap kóe-chí, ha̍k-miâ hō·-chò *Persea americana*, sio̍k-tī Lauraceae chit-ê ka-cho̍k. *Avocado* chit sû gôan-chū Ba̍k-se-ko gôan-chū-bîn hō ê miâ, hō·-chò *ahuacatl*. Tâi-oân Hôa-gí ê miâ-chheng sī *lùolí*.\n\nKóe-chí\nA-bu-khah-lo·h iok-lio̍k 1-lia̍p lê-bóng ê tōa-sè (ū-sī khah tōa--tām-po̍h-á), gōa-phôe tòa àm-chheⁿ-sek chì oá chhâ-sek ê pan-tiám, lāi-té tiong-ng ko· 1-lia̍p tōa chí. A-bu-khah-lo·h ê bah kāu iû-jī, tì-sú tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ iōng lâi chò chò sò·-si̍t liāu-lí, thang chhú-tāi bah-si̍t kap gû-leng sán-phín. Ba̍k-se-ko-lâng iōng che chò *guacamole* tiâu-bī-chiùⁿ ê liāu. Tī Tâi-ôan sî-kiâⁿ kā A-bu-khah-lo·h ê bah the̍h lâi ká gû-leng chò kó-chiap lim.\n\nA-bu-khah-lo·h-chhiū kan-ta ū-hoat-tō· tī jia̍t-tāi a̍h-sī a-jia̍t-tāi ê khì-hāu chûn-o̍ah.\n\nA-bu-khah-lo·h ê kóe-chí bē tī chhiū-á-téng tńg se̍k, só·-í ē-sái tán kàu beh ti̍h ê sî-chūn chiah kā bán--lo̍h-lâi. Lo̍h-chhiū liáu-āu, kúi-kang-á tō ē se̍k. Nā kap kî-thaⁿ ê kóe-chí khǹg chò-hóe (khó-pí kóng kin-chio), ē khah khòai se̍k.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Persea americana*** |","meta":{"title":"A-bú-khá-loh","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[229,1303,0.17574827321565617],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1762}} -{"text":"Chúi-chhân (tiū-á)\n**Chhân-hn̂g** / **chhân** / **hn̂g** sī choh-sit-lâng chèng-choh lông-chok-bu̍t ê só͘-chāi.\n\nŪ chi̍t-koá tē-hng ê lâng tùi chhân-hn̂g sī-ū khah-iù ê kóng-hoat. \n\n* Chhân sī teh kóng hit-chióng choan-bûn ēng-lâi chèng-choh seng-tióng kî-kan ài chìm-tī chúi-tiong ê si̍t-bu̍t ê hit-chióng \"chúi-chhân\".\n* Hn̂g sī kóng hit-chióng khoàⁿ si̍t-bu̍t su-iàu chiah chiàu-thâu-á lâi ak-chúi ê hit-chióng chhân-hn̂g. Hn̂g in-ūi nā-beh pó-chhî pá-chiok ê chúi-hun thang èng-hù si̍t-bu̍t seng-tióng su-iàu, tû-liáu lâng-kang koàn-chúi í-goā, chí-ū khò-thiⁿ lo̍h-hō͘ chiah ū-hoat-tō͘ lâi ta̍t-sêng, só͘-í mā-ū lâng kā-i kiò-chò \"khoàⁿ-thiⁿ-chhân\".\n\nChhân-hn̂g m̄-sī goân-pún siⁿ-tiuⁿ tō tī-hia. Chin-choē chhân-hn̂g sī úi ó͘-chio̍h-thâu, khioh soá chio̍h-thâu, chhò-chhiū, koah-chháu, ku̍t-chhiū-kin chháu-kin lâi khí-seng--ê. Chi̍t pùn-ki chi̍t pùn-ki lâi put, chi̍t-tàⁿ chi̍t-tàⁿ lâi taⁿ, ah-sī chi̍t-gû-chhia chi̍t-gû-chhia lâi chhia soa-thô͘ kah èng-pûi téng lâi ka-kāu hn̂g-thô͘ hn̂g-bah, kái-liông thô͘-chit lâi oân-sêng--ê. Ūi-tio̍h beh khak-pó kài-soàⁿ kah pó-chhî hn̂g-thô͘ mài liû-sit, sì-chiu-ûi mā iáu-ài choh chi̍t-choā chho͘-ióng--ê hn̂g(chhân)-hoāⁿ. Nā-bô hong-piān lī-iōng--ê chúi-goân mā iáu-koh ài chhoē ū choâⁿ-chúi ê só͘-chāi lâi iah-chíⁿ chhiūⁿ-chúi ah-sī khui-khut taⁿ-chúi thiu-chúi lâi ak ū-su-iàu ê lông-chok-bu̍t. Chhân-hn̂g ūi-tio̍h beh siám-hong ū-thang-sî-á mā iáu-ài tī ǹg-hong ê hit-bīn lâi chai-chèng hông-hong-lîm ah-sī ûi hông-hong-chhiûⁿ.\n\nChhân-hn̂g m̄-koán toā-soè kah it-poaⁿ--ê sū-gia̍p kâng-khoán lóng-sī keng-kè kúi-nā-tang, sīm-chí kúi-nā-tāi lâng ê keng-êng kap koán-lí tah lâi tit--tio̍h-ê. Kang-siong siā-hoē lī-ek pí-kàu, tak-gê-lâng lóng-ū boeh ah-sī bōng-ēng chò bó͘-chi̍t-hāng khang-khoè ê soán-te̍k-koân. Chó͘-kong-á bô kán-tan pê-thô͘-khàng-soa chiah-lâi ûi-chhut chi̍t-phiàn chhân-hn̂g, chit-má pàng-lo̍h-lâi hō͘-lán sîn-tio̍h, lán mā ū khó-lêng pàng hō͘-i pha-hng. Chin-kín chháu tō hoat-tīⁿ, hoat ba̍t-khì, tó chi̍t-kang siūⁿ-kìⁿ beh-koh choh, kan-nā tû-chháu beh tû-kàu-chīn khó-lêng ài-koh khoè kúi-nā-tang. Siat-sú nā-lóng mài-sûn, mài chéng-lí, chi̍t-chūn chúi-lâu-kau-chhè ê toā-hō͘, hn̂g(chhân)-hoāⁿ lâi pang-khì, hn̂g-thō͘ hn̂g-bah mā chi̍t-gê-chhiú tō koah, lâu liáu-liáu. Chiàⁿ-chiàⁿ-sī tîn-kui-tîn, thó͘-kui-thó͘. Heng-soe sī ba̍k-nih-hia-kú ê tāi-chì. Chhân-hn̂g nā-sī kan-nā chhân-hn̂g niā-niā, lán chit-má chhun-án-ne pàng hō͘-i pha-hng, sī-m̄-sī sī lēng-goā chi̍t-chióng--ê \"kok-thó͘ liû-sit\"?\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Paddy field*** |","meta":{"title":"Chhân-hn̂g","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[535,2571,0.20809023726176584],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2943}} -{"text":"Chông-lé-mn̂g.\n**Chông-lé-mn̂g** (Hàn-jī: 崇禮門; Ko-lê-jī: 숭례문) sī Hân-kok Siú-ní-chhī Tiong-khu ê chi̍t-ê siâⁿ-mn̂g, 1398 nî Tiâu-sián ông-tiâu sî-tāi ê kiàn-tiok, mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hō-chòe **Lâm-tāi-mn̂g** (南大門). 1962 nî 12 goe̍h 20 ji̍t, Chông-lé-mn̂g chiâⁿ-chòe Hân-kok ê tē-it-hō kok-pó. 2008 nî, ū lâng pàng-hoé hō Chông-lé-mn̂g hoé-sio, chí-ū chio̍h-thâu-chhiûⁿ ê pō͘-hun oân-hó bô sún-hāi. 2013 nî, Chông-lé-mn̂g tiông-sin kiàn-chō oân-sêng. Chông-lé-mn̂g hū-kīn ū Lâm-tāi-mn̂g chhī-tiûⁿ.\n\nSiòng-phìⁿ\n----------\n\n* 1890 nî-tāi\n* 1904 nî\n* Tiâu-sián Ji̍t-pún-sî-tāi\n* Pián\n* Hoé-sio liáu-āu\n* Ho̍k-goân\n* Ho̍k-goân liáu-āu\n\n\n| | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nSiú-ní Siâⁿ-mn̂g |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chiàⁿ-mn̂g | Heng-jîn-chi-mn̂g · Chông-lé-mn̂g · Tun-gī-mn̂g · Siok-chēng-mn̂g |\n| |\n| Phian-mn̂g | Kong-hi-mn̂g · Hūi-hòa-mn̂g · Chiau-tek-mn̂g · Chiong-gī-mn̂g |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Chông-lé-mn̂g","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[292,804,0.36318407960199006],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1055}} -{"text":"Aswan Koân Chúi-cha̍h\nAswan sī Ai-ki̍p kok-lāi ê An-nil Hô (Eng-bûn: *Nile*) thâu-chi̍t-ê chúi-chhiâng hit kho͘-ûi-á ê 1 ê siâⁿ-chhī. Tī chia, kāng-cháng ū 2 ê chúi-cha̍h hāⁿ-koè hô: khah sin ê **Aswan Koân Chúi-cha̍h** (A-la-pek-gí: السد العالي‎, as-Sad al-'Aly) kap khah kū ê **Aswan Chúi-cha̍h** (mā kiò-chò Aswan Kē Chúi-cha̍h).\n\nAn-nil Hô nā bô chò chúi-cha̍h khí chúi-khò͘, ta̍k-tang ê loa̍h--lâng lóng im-toā-chúi, toā-chúi ē ùi Tang-hui-chiu sūn lâu chhiâng--lo̍h-khì, chū kó͘-chá sî-tāi, An-nil Hô nn̄g-hoāⁿ ê thó͘-tē tō sī khò che 1 tang 1 pái ê toā-chúi sáng--lâi ê ióng-hūn kap khòng-bu̍t-chit, thô͘-bah ū bûi, m̄-chiah ha̍h tī chèng-choh.\n\nBūn-tê sī An-nil Hô nn̄g pêng ê jîn-kháu sêng-tióng--khí-lâi liáu-āu, kio̍k-put-kio̍k tio̍h siat-hoat khòng-chè toā-chúi, lâi pó-hō͘ chhân-tē kap mî-á-hn̂g. Che sī in-ūi chò-chúi ê sî-chūn, lông-chok-bu̍t khó-lêng ē kui-ê lâu--khì, koh chúi-ta ê sî, soah ē khó͘-oāⁿ kiam chō-sêng ki-hng.\n\nTéng-koân kóng ê chúi-cha̍h kang-sū, tio̍h sī tī-chúi ê kè-e̍k ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn, bo̍k-tek sī beh tî-hông toā-chúi, hoat-tiān, pēng-chhiáⁿ ūi chhân-hn̂g thê-kiong chúi-goân.","meta":{"title":"Aswan Chúi-khò͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1103,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1280}} -{"text":"Chhòa Pôe-hóe siòng\n**Chhòa Pôe-hóe** (蔡培火; 1889 nî 5 goe̍h 22 ji̍t – 1983 nî 1 goe̍h 4 ji̍t), hō **Hong-san** (峰山), Tâi-oân Hûn-lîm Pak-káng chhut-sin, Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê kàu-su kiam siā-hōe ūn-tōng jîn-sū, Chiàn-āu sî-tāi ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. Kok-bîn Chèng-hú chiap-koán Tâi-oân liáu-āu, bat chò kòe li̍p-hoat úi-oân kap chèng-bū úi-oân.\n\nSeng-oa̍h\n---------\n\n### Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi\n\n1902 nî, Chhòa tī chiap-chhiok Ki-tok-kàu ê sî o̍h ē-hiáu Lô-má-jī, chū hit-chūn khai-sí chū-siu Tâi-gí-bûn, Ji̍t-bûn kap Hàn-bûn. 1906 nî, i khai-sí tī Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Kok-gí Ha̍k-hāu su-hoān-pō͘ tha̍k-chheh. 1910 nî, ùi Kok-gí Ha̍k-hāu pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, khì tī A-kong-tiàm Kong-ha̍k-hāu hùn-tō, 2 tang āu tī Tâi-lâm-chhī Tē-jī Kong-ha̍k-hāu jīm-kàu. 1914 nî, i ka-ji̍p Tâi-oân Tông-hòa Hōe; 1915 nî, Tông-hòa Hōe pī kái-sàn, Chhòa mā pī-pek lī-khui kàu-chit. Lo̍h-bóe, i tī chhin-iú kap Lîm Hiàn-tông ê chu-chō͘ hā, chiân-óng Ji̍t-pún liû-ha̍k, khó tiâu Tang-kiaⁿ Ko-téng Su-hoān Ha̍k-hāu ê lí-kho jī-pō͘ (bu̍t-lí hòa-ha̍k kho). 1920 nî, i pit-gia̍p liáu-āu má-siōng tam-jīm *Tâi-oân Bîn-pò* ê pian-chip kiam hoat-giân-jîn.\n\n1920 nî, i tī *Tâi-oân Chheng-liân* hoat-piáu *Ngó͘ Tó ú Ngó͘-téng* (我島與我等), tī lāi-té thê-chhut \"Tâi-oân sī Tâi-oân-lâng ê Tâi-oân\" ê chú-tiuⁿ, chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-oân bîn-cho̍k ūn-tōng siāng tiōng-iàu ê tiong-sim su-sióng. 1923 nî, ka-ji̍p Tâi-oân Bûn-hòa Hia̍p-hōe, hia̍p-chō͘ thui-tōng Tâi-oân Gī-hōe Siat-tì Chhéng-goān. Jiân-āu bat in-ūi ûi-hoán *Tī-an Kéng-chhat Hoat* pī tái-pó͘, hām Chiúⁿ Ūi-súi kāng-khoán pī phòaⁿ 4 kò-goe̍h, hō-chò Tī-kéng sū-kiāⁿ. I tī chē-kaⁿ kî-kan chhòng-chō liáu *Tâi-oân Chū-tī Koa*.\n\n1927 nî, Bûn-hòa Hia̍p-hōe hun-lia̍t, Chhòa Pôe-hóe in-ūi put-boán hia̍p-hōe lāi-pō͘ ū tông-chì teh bú kai-kip tàu-cheng, koh ka-siōng hām Liân Un-kheng ê chú-tiuⁿ bô ha̍p, só͘-í thoat-lī Bûn-hòa Hia̍p-hōe chham Chiúⁿ Ūi-súi tâng-chê cho͘-chit Tâi-oân Bîn-chiòng Tóng; m̄-koh lo̍h-bóe Chiúⁿ tōa-la̍t chi-chhî kang-lông ūn-tōng, Chhòa mā tùi Chiúⁿ sán-seng put-boán. 1929 nî. i tī Tâi-lâm kí-pān \"Tâi-oân Pe̍h-ōe-jī Tē-it-hôe Gián-kiù-hōe\" (台灣白話字第一回研究會), chiân-āu lóng-chóng 3 kî; lo̍h-bóe pī Ji̍t-pún tong-kio̍k kìm-chí; kāng sî-kan, i oân-sêng *Lán Tâi-oân* ê siá-chok.\n\n1930 nî 8 goe̍h, Chhòa koh in-ūi put-boán tóng-lāi tông-chì chú-tiuⁿ siā-hōe-chú-gī kap kang-lông ūn-tōng, liân-ha̍p Iûⁿ Tiāu-ka lēng-gōa cho͘-chit Tâi-oân Tē-hng Chū-tī Liân-bêng; 12 goe̍h, hō͘ Tâi-oân Bîn-chiòng Tóng khai-tî tóng-che̍k. 1937 nî, Tiong-Ji̍t Chiàn-cheng po̍k-hoat, Chhòa chiân-óng Tang-kiaⁿ lâi phiah-khui Chóng-tok-hú; 1942 nî, ùi Tang-kiaⁿ choán-óng Siāng-hái.\n\n### Chiàn-āu sî-tāi\n\n1945 nî, Ji̍t-pún tâu-hâng, Chhòa Pôe-hóe má-siōng ka-jip Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng. 1 tang āu tó-tńg Tâi-oân. 1948 nî, tòng-soán Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok hêng-hiàn āu ê tē-it kài li̍p-hoat úi-oân. 1950 nî, Chhòa chiâⁿ-chò Hêng-chèng Īⁿ-tiúⁿ Tân Sêng ê chèng-bū úi-oân, mā sī Chiúⁿ-ka chèng-koân ê tē-it ūi Tâi-che̍k chèng-bū úi-oân. 1952 nî, tam-jīm Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Âng Si̍p-jī Hōe ê hù-hōe-tiúⁿ kiam Tâi-oân-séng Hun-hōe hōe-tiúⁿ. 1974 nî, Chhòa ùi Âng Si̍p-jī Hōe the̍h Sin-tâi-phiò 20-bān îⁿ chhòng-pān Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Koan-hoeh Ūn-tōng Hia̍p-hōe, i chhut-jīm hōe-tiúⁿ. Chêng-āu tī Tâi-pak, Tâi-tiong, Tâi-lâm kap Ko-hiông sêng-li̍p 4 ê koan-hoeh tiong-sim.\n\nChhut-sin\n---------\n\nChhòa Pôe-hóe ùi Pak-káng chhut-sì, lāu-pē sī Chhòa Jiân-hong (蔡然芳).\n\nTù-chok\n-------\n\n* Cha̍p-hāng Koán-kiàn (1925 nî)\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 28635630\n* LCCN: n88229249\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 8212 8729\n* BNF: cb15927659t (data)\n* NLA: 36661510\n* NDL: 00313274\n* NCL: 000004720\n* CiNii: DA10689992\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Chhòa Pôe-hóe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[190,3489,0.05445686443106908],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4141}} -{"text":"**Sin-chng-á** (新庄仔, -子) sī Tâi-oân Tâi-tiong-chhī Liông-chéⁿ-khu ē-té ê tē-hng, tē-chèng siōng hō-chò **Sin-chng-á-tōaⁿ** (-段), lāi-bīn ū Sin-chng-á kū chng-siā (Sin-chng-lí) kap Sin-tong-lí, Tong-hái-lí nn̄g-ê sin pun ê hêng-chèng-khu.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nSin-tong-lí lāi hâm hiān-chāi só͘ kóng ê Tong-hái Pia̍t-chong siā-lí só͘-chāi-tē, nā Tong-hái-lí sī óa pak hâm sin khai-hoat ê Kok-chè-siâⁿ (國際城) siā-khu kap āu-bóe hoat-tián chhut--lâi ê \"Gē-su̍t-ke\" siong-gia̍p-tē.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSin-chng-á sī 1920 nî só͘ siat Liông-chéⁿ-chng (-庄) ē-té ê tōa-jī hêng-chèng khu chi it, chiàu 1935 nî thóng-kè, ū khiā-khí jîn-kháu 2134 lâng.\n\n1970 nî-tāi, Sin-chng-á chng-thâu tang-pêng ê thó͘-tē khai-sí ū tōa-liōng ê chū-the̍h khai-hoat, Sin-tong-chhoan (āu-lâi ê lí) sī 1982 nî tùi chá-chêng Sin-chng-chhoan hun--chhut-lâi-ê, óa-ùi Tong-hái Tāi-ha̍k sì-ûi, kàu 1987 nî koh koah chhut--lâi chi̍t hūn chò Tong-hái-chhoan.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. 1 2 3 熊增仁 (2013). *臺中市龍井區城鄉規劃之研究* (sek-sū thesis). 逢甲大學.\n2. ↑ 臺灣總督官房調查課 (1936). *昭和十年末 臺灣常住戶口統計*.\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n* Google (2017-01-13). \"新庄子\" (Map). *Google Maps*. Google. 2017-01-13 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Sin-chng-á (Liông-chéⁿ-khu)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[197,1109,0.1776375112714157],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1320}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Bí-chiu kiàn-siàu-chháu |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Bí-chiu kiàn-siàu-chháu |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Fabales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Fabaceae |\n| A-kho: | Mimosoideae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Mimosa* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***M. diplotricha*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Mimosa diplotricha***C. Wright |\n|\n|\n|\n| Siâng-ì-miâ |\n| *Mimosa invisa* Mart. |\n\n**Bí-chiu kiàn-siàu-chháu** (Hàn-jī: 美洲見笑草; Hôa-gí: 美洲含羞草; ha̍k-miâ: *Mimosa diplotricha*) kui-sio̍k-î tāu-kho (Leguminosae), sī to-nî-seng chháu-pún si̍t-bu̍t. I-ê goân-sán-tē sī jia̍t-tāi Bí-chiu, tī Tâi-oân i taⁿ chiâⁿ-chòe kui-hòa-chéng. Tī Tâi-oân i hun-pò· tī tiong-lâm-pō· ê pêⁿ-tē kàu kē hái-poa̍t soaⁿ-khu, seⁿ tī lō·-piⁿ, pha-hng-tē. Kui-nî-thàu-tang lóng-ū khui-hoe. Kah-ì seⁿ tī kui-kang ū ji̍t-thâu pha̍k ē-tio̍h ji̍t ê khoân-kéng.\n\nHêng-thāi\n---------\n\nKeng ū 4 chōa lêng-kak, kap 4 pâi ba̍t-ba̍t-ba̍t ê tò-chhah-chhì. Keng ê ki-pō· ē bo̍k-chit-hoà.\nHio̍h-á seng-tióng sūn-sū sī hō·-seng, jī-hôe í-chōng ho̍k-hio̍h, í-phìⁿ 3~8 tùi, hio̍h-me̍h ū chhì. Hio̍h-phìⁿ nā kā tāng--tio̍h ē khoan-khoan-á ha̍p--khí-lâi. \n\nHoe sió-sió--á, ū ba̍t-ba̍t-ba̍t ê tn̂g hoe-si, sī kiû-hêng thâu-chōng hoe-sū. Hoe-sek hún-âng-sek, hoe ê ti̍t-kèng siāng-tōa ē-sái ta̍t-kàu 15 mm. \n\nKóe-chí sī kiap-kó, koh kiò-chò chiat-gia̍p-kó, siāng-chē kàu 5 chat, gōa-hêng sī píⁿ-píⁿ pêⁿ-pêⁿ tn̂g thó-îⁿ-hêng, ū chiâⁿ ba̍t ê té chhì kap ngē mo·.\n\nBí chiu kiàn-siàu-chháu","meta":{"title":"Bí-chiu kiàn-siàu-chháu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[264,1334,0.19790104947526238],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1748}} -{"text":"\n**liân-oe̍h** (liân-ui̍h, 連劃, 聯-; Eng-gí: *hyphen*) a̍h-sī **liân-jī-hō** (連字號), sī chi̍t khoán piau-tiám hû-hō.\n\nChiap jī ê liân-oe̍h\n--------------------\n\nTī Dionysius Thrax ê Hi-lia̍p-gí tì-chok í-keng ū kā liân-oe̍h phiat chò bûn-hoat kì-hō. Hong-hoat sī tiám tī jī-sû ē-té (hit-chūn Hi-lia̍p bûn-jī bô keh khòng-keh) ê chi̍t sûn oan-khiau pit-oe̍h, tāi-piáu nn̄g-ê jī-sû sī ài chò chi̍t hāng tan-to̍k khài-liām lâi liáu-kái. La-tin bûn-jī tī 2 sè-kí bóe kàu 3 sè-kí ê sî, mā o̍h Hi-lia̍p bûn-jī bô ēng khòng-keh; chóng-sī kàu 8 sè-kí ê sî, koh siū hui bú-gí tha̍k-chiá, pí-lūn Celt lâng cheng-lū ê koàn-sì éng-hióng, têng-sin chhái-ēng khòng-keh. Hit-tang-chūn ê chhau-siá-sai, nā khòaⁿ tio̍h bô pit-iàu ê khòng-keh, chiō ōe chiūⁿ chá-chêng Hi-lia̍p-sek ê liân-oe̍h chò má-kuh. 9 sè-kí í-āu, Hi-lia̍p-gí mā siū éng-hióng kái-ēng khòng-keh, liáu-āu iû-kî koh siū Gutenberg sek ê ìn-soat éng-hióng, kū Hi-lia̍p-sek ê liân-oe̍h chiām-chhù hông hòe-tû.\n\nÓa-piⁿ-sek ê liân-oe̍h\n----------------------\n\nLiân-oe̍h ê lēng-gōa chi̍t khoán khí-goân, sī chi̍t khoán \"óa-piⁿ-sek\" (*marginal*) ê liân-oe̍h, sī siá tī in-ūi thiàu chōa soah thiah-khui ê jī-sû chêng pòaⁿ-pêng āu-piah, piáu-sī kap pâi ji̍p ē-kha hit chōa ê jī-sû āu pòaⁿ-pêng liân-sio̍k. Tī 10 sè-kí ê Eng-lân, chit sek ê liân-oe̍h í-keng ū ēng.\n\nPí-lūn Eng-gí ê óa-piⁿ-sek liân-oe̍h ēng-hoat thang chhiūⁿ:\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| We, therefore, the represen-\ntatives of the United States \nof America... |\n\nThâu-chêng ê sém-phoh lāi-bīn *representatives* thiah chò *represen* kap *tatives*, tiong-ng chiap liân-oe̍h piáu-kì.\n\nPe̍h-ōe-jī ê sú-iōng\n--------------------\n\nChham-oa̍t: Pe̍h-ōe-jī ê le̍k-sú\nLiân-oe̍h tī Pe̍h-ōe-jī chú-iàu ê sú-iōng, chiàu Carstairs Douglas tī 1873 nî chhut-pán ê Ē-mn̂g-ōe sû-tián lāi-bīn ké-soeh, sī ēng lâi kā liân-sio̍k ho͘-im ê jī-sû im-chat chiap chò-hóe; jî-chhiá mā khó-lū tio̍h mài kā jī chiap siuⁿ kòe tn̂g--khì. In-ūi pian-siá khang-khòe ê cheng-chha, Douglas sû-tián pún-sin tùi liân-oe̍h ê sú-iōng, iû-kî tú tio̍h 3-ê im-chat ê jī-sû ê sî-chūn, sī iû-goân iáu bô it-tì--ê. Lēng-gōa hit chūn mā í-keng ū ēng **siang-liân-oe̍h** piáu-tat khin-siaⁿ ê siat-kè.\n\nTī kin-sè khah ún-tēng thong-hêng ê Pe̍h-oē-jī kè-sio̍k 19 sè-kí ê siat-kè, kā liân-oe̍h ēng chò chiong im-chiat liâm chò jī-sû ê hû-hō. Lēng-gōa mā pó-chhî chá-chêng siang-liân-oe̍h ê ēng-hoat, piáu-sī chiap āu ê im-chat ho͘ khin-siaⁿ. \n\nPe̍h-ōe-jī ia̍h ū bô tàu liân-oe̍h ê siá-hoat. Che tang-tiong chi̍t khoán sī ēng jī-sû chò tan-goân, kā chē-ê im-chat liân chò-hóe siá. koh ū chi̍t khoán siat-sióng sī o̍h Oa̍t-lâm-gí ê chiàⁿ-jī-hoat kā im-chat pun-khui siá.\n\nTiān-náu chhú-lí\n----------------\n\nTī tiān-náu sú-iōng ê ASCII bûn-jī pian-bé lāi-bīn, liân-oe̍h kap kiám-hō sī kong-ke ēng \"hyphen-minus\" hû-hō, siat tī būn-jī 45 (*character 45*); nā Unicode sī siat tī U+002D (-); lēng-goā, oân-ná ū hun-li̍p ê pian-bé: liân-oe̍h sī U+2010 ( ‐ ); kiám-hō sī U+2212 ( − ).\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n### Su-chì\n\n* Houston, Keith (2013). *Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols, and Other Typographical Marks*. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393064421.\n* Douglas, Carstairs (1873). *Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy*.\n* Barclay, Thomas (1923). *Supplement to Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy*.\n\n### Chù-kha\n\n1. ↑ Barclay 1923, 劃 \"liên-u̍ih, a hyphen.\"\n2. 1 2 Houston 2013, Chapter 7: The Hyphen\n3. ↑ Douglas 1873, Introduction\n4. ↑ Douglas 1873, Explanation of Abbreviations, and of Peculiar Marks, &c.\n5. ↑ Barclay 1923, 劃 \"siang-liên-u̍ih, a double hyphen.\"\n6. ↑ 張洪南 (1922). *臺灣羅馬白話字自修書*.\n7. ↑ 楊允言 (1995). *台語這條路─台文工作者訪談錄*. 台笠出版社 & 學生台灣語文促進會. p. 47. ISBN 9789579974813.\n8. ↑ 張裕宏 (2014). \"40年ê文字思考\".\n\nKhòaⁿ lēng-gōa\n--------------\n\n* Dash","meta":{"title":"Liân-oe̍h","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1804,4547,0.3967451066637343],"infobox":["
    ‐
    \n
    Liân-oe̍h
    \n
    Piau-tiám
    -phiat\n ’  '\n
    goe̍h-bâi-tiám\n [ ]  ( )  { }  ⟨ ⟩\n
    tōa-kù-tiám\n :\n
    tō͘-tiám\n ,  ،  、\n
    dash\n ‒  –  —  ―\n
    ellipsis\n …  ...  . . .\n
    hāiⁿ-tiám\n !\n
    chat-tiám\n .\n
    guillemet\n ‹ ›  « »\n
    liân-oe̍h\n ‐\n
    liân-oe̍h kiám-hō\n -\n
    mn̄g-tiám\n ?\n
    ín-kù-tiám\n ‘ ’  “ ”  ' '  \" \"\n
    kù-tiám\n ;\n
    phiat-tiám\n /  ⁄\n
    \n
    Tan-jī hun-kài
    interpunct\n ·\n
    khang-pe̍h\n        \n
    \n
    Phó͘-thong ìn-kang
    kap-tiám\n &\n
    chhiⁿ-tiám\n *\n
    niáu-chhí-tiám\n @\n
    tò-phiat\n \\\n
    bullet\n •\n
    caret\n ^\n
    dagger\n † ‡\n
    degree\n °\n
    ditto mark\n ″\n
    inverted exclamation mark\n ¡\n
    inverted question mark\n ¿\n
    note\n ※\n
    pōng-tiám\n #\n
    numero sign\n №\n
    obelus\n ÷\n
    multiplication sign\n ×\n
    ordinal indicator\n º ª\n
    phă-sián, hhian-hun-bí\n % ‰\n
    ka-hō kap kiám-hō\n + −\n
    equals sign\n =\n
    basis point\n ‱\n
    pilcrow\n ¶\n
    prime\n ′  ″  ‴\n
    section sign\n §\n
    tō͘-kún-tiám\n ~\n
    underscore, understrike\n _\n
    tek-ko-tiám\n |  ‖  ¦\n
    \n
    Tì-sek châi-sán
    pán-khoân\n ©\n
    lio̍k-im pán-khoân\n ℗\n
    chù-chheh siong-phiau\n ®\n
    service mark\n ℠\n
    siong-phiau\n ™\n
    \n
    Hòe-pè
    hòe-pè kì-hō\n ¤\n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    ₳ ​\n฿ ​\n₵ ​¢ ​₡ ​₢ ​\n$ ​₫ ​₯ ​֏ ​\n₠ ​€ ​\nƒ ​₣ ​\n₲ ​\n₴ ​\n₭ ​\n₺ ​₾ ​\nℳ ​₥ ​\n₦ ​\n₧ ​₱ ​₰ ​£ ​\n៛ ​₽ ​₹ ₨ ​\n₪ ​\n৳ ​₸ ​₮ ​\n₩ ​\n¥

    \n
    \n
    Hui-phó͘-thong ìn-kang
    asterism\n ⁂\n
    hedera\n ❧\n
    index, fist\n ☞\n
    mn̄g-hāiⁿ-tiám\n ‽\n
    irony punctuation\n ⸮\n
    lozenge\n ◊\n
    tie\n ⁀\n
    \n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4266}} -{"text":"**Liân-hō** (年號) sī iōng lâi kí-nî ê miâ-hō. Liân-hō it-poaⁿ iû hông-tè hoat-khí, hoat-goân chū Tiong-kok ê Tiong-goân chèng-koân. Āu-lâi, liân-hō ê chè-tō͘ in-ūi siū-tio̍h Tiong-kok chèng-koân ê éng-hióng, tī 6 sè-kí Tiâu-sián Poàn-tó ê Sin-lô, 7 sè-kí bóe-kî ê Ji̍t-pún, iáu-ū 10 sè-kí ê O̍at-lâm lóng sian-hō͘ khai-sí sú-iōng. Kó͘-chá ê O̍at-lâm, Ko-lê kap Tāi-hân Tè-kok sî-tāi ê Tiâu-sián, iáu-ū Bông-kó͘ tī kiàn-kok chho͘-lîan, in-ūi siū-tio̍h Tiong-kok chèng-koân ê éng-hióng, mā lóng bat sú-iōng kòe liân-hō. Bo̍k-chêng iû-goân teh sú-iōng liân-hō ê kok-ka, kan-nā chhun pó-chhî tio̍h kun-chú-chè ê Ji̍t-pún. Tiong-kok, Tâi-oân, Hân-kok kap O̍at-lâm lóng in-ūi í-keng hòe-tî kun-chú-chè, choân-bīn hòe-chí liân-hō ê sú-iōng.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ 朱勇 (1996), \"中国法律的传统与现代化\", chū 张晋藩, *‘93 中国法律史国际硏讨会论文集*, 中国民主法制出版社, p. 25, 2010-01-29 khòaⁿ--ê","meta":{"title":"Liân-hō","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[127,871,0.14580941446613088],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1010}} -{"text":"**Sìn-gióng** (信仰) sī chí tùi chi̍t-ê lâng, sū-bu̍t, sîn-bêng, chong-kàu ê kàu-tiâu ia̍h kàu-tō, bô keng-giām chèng-kì ê koan-tiám (pí-lūn ū kióng-lia̍t ê chèng-tī sìn-gióng) ū sìn-sim kap sìn-jīm.\n\nSìn-gióng sī lâng tùi jîn-seng-koan, kè-ta̍t-koan kap sè-kài-koan téng ê soán-te̍k kap chhî-iú. Sìn-gióng thé-hiān tio̍h jîn-seng kè-ta̍t, jîn-seng ì-gī ê khó-khò lo̍h-si̍t. Sìn-gióng kap só͘ sìn-gióng ê tùi-siōng kám sī khek-koan chûn-chāi bô pit-jiân ê liân-kiat. Chong-kàu pēng m̄-sī sìn-gióng tùi-siōng, sī sìn-gióng ê piáu-hiān hêng-sek, piáu-hiān hêng-sek bē-sái chò-ûi sìn-gióng ê tùi-siōng. \n\nSìn-gióng it-poaⁿ tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ pī jīn-ûi sī iû gōa-chāi in-sò͘ só͘ hêng-sêng, siū-tio̍h pē-bú, siā-hōe, chong-kàu kap thoân-thóng só͘ éng-hióng. Nā-sī chi̍t ê I-su-lân-kàu ka-têng ùi chi̍t ê Ki-tok-kàu ka-têng siu-ióng chi̍t ê tú chhut-sì ê gín-á, hit-ê gín-á tióng-tōa liáu-āu piàn-sêng chi̍t ê Bok-su-lîm; tian-tò mā-sī kāng-khoán. Sìn-gióng kòe-têng pit-su sī keng-kòe lāi-chāi hôe-èng--ê, kî-tiong ài thàu-kòe kò-jîn ê keng-le̍k kap tùi lêng-sèng ê tui-sûn, chìn-chi̍t-po͘ soán-te̍k chi̍t chióng sek-ha̍p ka-kī ê chong-kàu sìn-gióng. Sìn-gióng ē-sái he̍k-tit, ē-sái pī sok-chō, iā ē-sái pī pàng-sak. Sui-jiân ū bē-chió chong-kàu tùi sìn-tô͘ ê lī-khui ū iâm-keh ê hān-chè, tān-sī kin-kì Liân-ha̍p-kok ê *Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân*, lâng ū soán-te̍k chong-kàu, ia̍h-sī soán-te̍k boaih sìn-gióng chong-kàu ê chū-iû.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Sìn-gióng ê chū-iû\n* Sìn-liām\n* Chông-pài\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85046928\n* GND: 4071867-0\n* BNF: cb16163856z (data)\n* NDL: 00571057\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Sìn-gióng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[120,1586,0.07566204287515763],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1906}} -{"text":"Thoân-thóng ê **thoân-kàu-sū** sī 1 ūi soan-thoân chong-kàu kàu-gī ê lâng, le̍k-sú-siōng chú-iàu iû cha-po͘-lâng lâi tam-jīm. Thoân-kàu-sū it-poaⁿ iû chong-kàu cho͘-chit phài khì goā-hiong, tī hia hām chāi-tē-lâng toà tàu-tīn, ha̍k-si̍p in ê gí-giân kap lé-sio̍k. Te̍k-pia̍t ūi thoân-kàu sū-kang siat ê chong-kàu cho͘-chit hō͘-chò *soan-kàu-hoē*.\n\nKi-tok-kàu ê thoân-kàu-sū bat ūi chin chē bô bûn-jī ê gí-giân liông-sin-tēng-chò bûn-jī hē-thóng. Chiap-chhiok sin gí-giân ê thoân-kàu-sū mā ū lâng hū-chek hoan-e̍k Sèng-chheh.\n\nChèng-tī siōng, Ki-tok-kàu ê thoân-kàu-sū ū-ê bē-su kap si̍t-bîn chú-gī chèng-koân kiâⁿ, ū-ê bó͘-chióng thêng-tō͘ tông-chêng he̍k-chiá pang-chān pī si̍t-bîn ê lâng.\n\n**Thoân-tō-chiá** sī khah chú-koan ê iōng-gí.\n\n \n\n\n| **Thoân-kàu-sū** |\n| --- |\n| Alexandre de Rhodes - Robert Morrison - David Abeel - Hudson Taylor \nDorothy Stang - James Laidlaw Maxwell - George Gushue-Taylor - George Leslie Mackay -\nJohn Van Nest Talmage - William Burns - Kam-ûi-lîm (Fil) - Thomas Barclay -\nMatteo Ricci Walter Henry Medhurst - Francis Xavier - |","meta":{"title":"Thoân-kàu-sū","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[249,985,0.25279187817258886],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1176}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Chhân-eⁿ |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| *Sympetrum flaveolum* |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Arthropoda |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Insecta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Odonata |\n| A-bo̍k: | Epiprocta |\n| Ē-bo̍k: | **Anisoptera**Selys, 1800 |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho |\n| * Aeshnidae\n* Austropetaliidae\n* Cordulegastridae\n* Corduliidae\n* Gomphidae\n* Libellulidae\n* Macromiidae\n* Neopetaliidae\n* Petaluridae\n |\n\n**Chhân-eⁿ** sī Odonata-ba̍k ê khun-thiông, ū tōa-lúi ho̍k-gán, 2 tùi tn̂g-tn̂g thàu-bêng ê si̍t-á, kap lò-tn̂g ê sin-khu. Chhân-eⁿ ê ba̍k-chiu put-chí-á lāi. In it-poaⁿ chia̍h báng-thâng (báng-á, hô·-sîn), phang, bé-ia̍h téng-téng ê sè-chiah thâng. Chhân-eⁿ tiāⁿ tī chúi-tî-á, khe-á, làm-tē hù-kīn chhut-hiān. In bē tèng lâng.\n\nTùi nn̄g sǹg khí, chhân-eⁿ ê sèⁿ-miā siōng té 6-kó·-go̍eh, siōng tn̂g sīm-chì ū 6~7 tang kú.[*bô chhut-chhù*] Chit tōaⁿ sî-kan tōa-pō·-hūn sī iù-thiông (chhu-thâng) ê hêng, hō chò chúi-ge̍k; in tiàm chúi-lāi lia̍h kî-tha bô-liông-kut-lūi (*invertebrate*) ê thâng chia̍h, chhin-chhiūⁿ tō·-koai-á, báng-á-chhu, kap sè-boé-á hî. Lī-khui chúi ê sêng-thâng khah tōa-hêng ê chéng ū-hoat-tō· oa̍h 4-kó·-go̍eh.\n\nChhân-eⁿ ê ba̍k-chiu iok-lio̍k ū 3-bān-lia̍p sió-gán (*facet*), ū kīn 360-tō· ê sī-le̍k, tùi lia̍h khong-tiong ê poe-thâng ū pang-chān.","meta":{"title":"Chhân-eⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[262,1134,0.2310405643738977],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1509}} -{"text":"*Iú-koan lâng-miâ--ê pō͘-hūn (姓), chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Jī-sìⁿ*\n*Khoê(khê)-sìⁿ, khoe(khe)-sìⁿ choán kah chia, iú-koan iōng iâ-á-khak chò--ê sìⁿ, chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ kûi-sìⁿ*\nchoá-sìⁿ\nkó͘-ai-li̍p--ê sìⁿ\n**sìⁿ** (sìⁿ, hàn-jī: 扇) iah-sī **khoê-sìⁿ** sī chi̍t khoán ēng chhiú ia̍t-hong lâi kàng-jia̍t--ê ke-si. Iōng iâ-á-khak chò--ê kiò kûi-sìⁿ (khoe-sìⁿ, 葵扇), mā ū iōng be̍h-chháu chò--ê be̍h-chháu-sìⁿ, tek-bi̍h-á chò--ê bi̍h-sìⁿ, ēng choá chò--ê choá-sìⁿ, iōng ha̍p-sêng châi-liāu celluloid chò--ê chiuⁿ-ló-sìⁿ, í-ki̍p iōng pin-lêng--ê ha̍h (箬, si̍t-bu̍t pau ki-kut--ê ngē hio̍h-á) chò--ê pīn-lêng-ha̍h-sìⁿ téng-téng.\n\nsìⁿ chè-cho̍k liáu-āu ū-sî ē tī sìⁿ-kut bīn-téng tah choá, kiò \"sìⁿ-bah\" iah-sī \"sìⁿ-hio̍h\". Sìⁿ-thâu (sìⁿ--ê ē-té) kiat-liân sìⁿ-kut--ê tek-sim-tiám (軸心-), hō-chò \"sìⁿ-sim\".\n\nSui-bóng taⁿ ū khong-tiâu, léng-khì iah-sī tiān-hong (hong-sìⁿ) téng tiān-khì lâi kàng-un, tān-sī sìⁿ mā tī chi̍t-koá bú-tō (舞蹈) iah-sī gî-sek sú-iōng, pí-lūn tī Tâi-oân Hàn-jîn--ê hun-lé sin-niû chhut-kè--ê sî ē kā sìⁿ tàn-tiāu. Iā ē-tàng thê-lâi jia-iam (jia-khàm) ka-tī--ê bīn.\n\nÍn-sin\n------\n\nLēng-goá mn̂g--ê pang-á mā kiò-chò mn̂g-sìⁿ, sìⁿ mā sī mn̂g-sìⁿ--ê liōng-sû (量詞), pí-lûn \"nn̄g sìⁿ mn̂g\" (siang-sìⁿ-mn̂g). Phah phi̋n-phóng (*ping pong*) sî chhiú the̍h--ê kiû-poe mā hō-chò \"kiû-sìⁿ\".\n\n* toaⁿ-sìⁿ-mn̂g\n* phi̋n-phóng--ê kiû-sìⁿ\n\nchham-khó\n---------\n\n* thoân-siàn (團扇, Ji̍t-gí *utiwa*)\n* kûi-sìⁿ\n* hong-sìⁿ (tiān-hong)\n* mn̂g-sìⁿ\n* kiû-sìⁿ","meta":{"title":"Sìⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[126,1476,0.08536585365853659],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1712}} -{"text":"**It-lē it-hiu** (一例一休) sī Tâi-oân Chhòa Eng-bûn chèng-hú tī 2016 nî chip-chèng liáu-āu só͘ thui-tōng ê lô-kang kang-chok-jit kái-kek chèng-chhek, chú-iàu sī teh siu-chèng *Lô-tōng Ki-chún Hoat*, hō͘ só͘-ū ê lô-kang ta̍k lé-pài lóng ū chi̍t kang lē-kà-ji̍t kap chi̍t kang hiu-sek-ji̍t. Lē-kà-ji̍t sī kiông-chè hiu-kà, ah hiu-sek-ji̍t pó-liû tio̍h tân-sèng ka-pan ê khong-kan, lâi khak-pó lô-kang ū chiok-gia̍h ê hiu-sek sî-kan.\n\nKò͘-chú ē-tàng tī teng-sûn lô-kang ê tông-ì liáu-āu, hō͘ lô-kang tī hoat-tēng ê hiu-sek-ji̍t ka-pan. Lē-kà-ji̍t kan-na ē-tàng tī pit-iàu ê sî-chūn, kò͘-chú chiah ē-tàng iau-kiû lô-kang ka-pan; lô-kang tī lē-kà-ji̍t ka-pan liáu-āu, kò͘-chú tio̍h-ài chiàu kui-tēng hō͘ lô-kang soán-te̍k pó-kà. *Lô-ki-hoat* ê siong-koan siu-chèng-àn í-keng tī 2016 nî 12 goe̍h chhe 6 chāi Li̍p-hoat-īⁿ sam-tho̍k thong-kòe. Lēng-gōa, put-koán lô-kang sī tī lē-kà-ji̍t he̍k-chiá sī hiu-sek-ji̍t ka-pan, kò͘-chú lóng ài chi-hù lô-kang ka-pan-hùi.","meta":{"title":"It-lē it-hiu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,947,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1090}} -{"text":"\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Mô͘-se Gō͘ Keng |\n| Chhòng-sè-kì |\n| Chhut-Ai-ki̍p-kì |\n| Lī-bī-kì |\n| Bîn-sò͘-kì |\n| Sin-bēng-kì |\n| |\n\nA-tàng hô Hā-oa\nChhòng-sè-kì sī Iû-thài Sèng-keng lu̍t-hoat-su ê thâu chi̍t koàn. Tù-chiá sī Mô-se. \n\nChhòng-sè-kì sī kì-chài \"khí-gôan\" ê su. I kì-su̍t í-tiū ê chhòng-chō, jîn-lūi ê khí-gôan, chōe-ok hô jîn-sè khó•-lān ê khai-sí.; tâng-sî kì-su̍t Sîn chóaⁿ-iūⁿ kin jîn-lūi lâi-óng. Chôan-su khó-í hun-ûi lióng pō•-hūn:\n\n* 1. Chi̍t chì cha̍p-it-chiuⁿ kì-su̍t í-tiū ê chhòng-chō hô jîn-lūi chá-kî ê le̍k-sú, pau-koat A-tàng hô Hā-oa, Kai-ín hô A-peh, Nô•-a kah hông-chúi; í-ki̍p Pa-pia̍t-thah téng sū-chek.\n\n* 2. Cha̍p-jī chì gō•-cha̍p-chiuⁿ kì-su̍t Í-sek-lia̍t chu sian-chó• ê le̍k-sú. Siú-sian sī í sìn-sim hô sūn-ho̍k tù-chheng ê A-pek-la̍h-hán, chiap-tio̍h sī i ê lâm-jî Í-sat, chú-sun Ngá-koh, hô Ngá-koh ê cha̍p-jī lâm-jî——chiū-sī kò•-sêng Í-sek-lia̍t cha̍p-jī chi -cho̍k ê cho̍k-tiúⁿ——ê le̍k-sú, te̍k-pia̍t tio̍h-tāng Iok-sek ê keng-le̍k í-ki̍p Ngá-koh hô kî-thaⁿ î ê lâm-jî chóaⁿ-ē hê-tòa kòan-sio̍k chiân-óng Ai-ki̍p ki-chū ê kò•-sū.\n\nTē-it-chiuⁿ\n-----------\n\nKì-chài Siōng-tè chhòng-chō thiⁿ-tē ú-tiū bān-bu̍t ê thâu la̍k-ji̍t. \n\nThâu-chi̍t-ji̍t, chō kng, hun ji̍t mîⁿ. （SÎ） \n\nTē-jī-ji̍t, chō kiong-chhong. (KHONG) \n\nTē-saⁿ-ji̍t, hun tē kah hái, chō si̍t-bu̍t.(MIĀ) \n\nTē-sì-jit, chō ji̍t, goe̍h kah chhiⁿ-sîn.(KÙI-CHIAT, NÎ-JI̍T, SÒE-GOA̍T) \n\nTē-gō͘-ji̍t, chō hî kah chiáu.(HIAT-KHÌ) \n\nTē-la̍k-ji̍t, chō tōng-bu̍t kah lâng.(HIAT-KHÌ vs LÊNG-MIĀ)\n\nTē-jī-chiuⁿ\n-----------\n\nTiōng-ho̍k Siōng-tè chhòng-chō ê tōa-kang, tān-sī kah chiau-tiám chi̍p-tiong tī lâng.\nKhí-thâu saⁿ-chat chiap-sòa tē-it-chiuⁿ, siá tē-chhit-ji̍t. Che sī An-hioh-ji̍t ê iû-lâi. \nSoah-lâi kóng-khí chō lâng chìn-chêng ê sè-kài i-ki̍p Siōng-tè ūi lâng só͘ pī-pān ê khoân-kéng, iah-tio̍h-sī Ài-tiān-hn̂g. Siōng-tè chō lâng liáu-āu, beh chhōe chi̍t-ê pang-chān ê lâi phit-phòe i, chóng-sī chhōe bô, só͘-í Siōng-tè ûi chi̍t-ê lâng chō chi̍t-ê cha-bó͘-lâng chòe i ê bó͘.\n\nTē-saⁿ-chiuⁿ\n------------\n\nLâng siū ín-iú lâi hoān-chōe. Lâng hoān-chōe liáu-āu hām Siōng-tè ê koan-hē sán-seng ê piàn-hòa. Siōng-tè tùi hoān-chōe liáu-āu ê lâng só͘ hē ê chiù-chó͘ kah têng-hoa̍t.\n\nTē-sì-chiuⁿ\n-----------\n\nA-tong ê nn̄g-ê hāu-siⁿ ê kò͘-sū. Chi̍t ê sī siū Siōng-tè khòaⁿ-kò͘ ê A-pek, lēng-gōa chi̍t ê bô, miâ kiò Kai-ún. Kai-ún in-ūi án-ne lâi Thâi-sí A-pek. Āu-poàn pō͘-hūn kài-siāu nn̄g ê ka-cho̍k, chi̍t ê sī chhiong-móa sio̍k-sè sek-chhái ê Kai-ún ka-cho̍k, chi̍t-ê sī sìn Siōng-tè ê Siat ê ka-cho̍k. Siat sī A-tong ê tē-saⁿ-ê hāu-siⁿ, tī Kai-ún thâi-sí A-pek í-āu só͘ siⁿ.\n\nTē-gō͘-chiuⁿ\n------------\n\nSiông-sè kì-chài A-tong ka-cho̍k cha̍p-tāi ê thâu-chiūⁿ-siⁿ. Tē-cha̍p-tāi sī Na-a.\n\nTē-la̍k-chiuⁿ\n-------------\n\nIn-ūi lâng sim-lāi só͘ siūⁿ ê liām-thâu ta̍k-ji̍t lóng sī pháiⁿ, Siōng-tè beh ēng Tōa-chúi châu-bia̍t tōe-chiūⁿ ê siok jio̍k-thé ê oa̍h-mih. Siōng-tè hoan-hù Na-a chō tōa-chûn, lâi pó-chûn in chi̍t-ke kap chi̍t-kóa tōng-bu̍t ê sìⁿ-miā.","meta":{"title":"Chhòng-sè-kì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[720,2878,0.2501737317581654],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3433}} -{"text":"**Bán-bīn** sī 1-khóan chū kó·-chá tō ū ê bí-iông-su̍t. Bán-bīn tō sī ēng ìu mî-soàⁿ kap pe̍h-hún kā bīn--ni̍h ê mn̂g, thiâu-á-chí kap tēng-phôe kháu--lo̍h-lâi, hō· bīn pìⁿ kah kng-ku̍t koh iù-phôe. Tī Tiong-tang, Lâm-a, Tang-a lóng ū bán-bīn ê thoân-thóng.\n\nBán-bīn ê thôan-thóng\n---------------------\n\n### Tâi-oân\n\nÉng-chá pēng m̄-sī lóng-chóng ê cha-bó·-lâng lóng ē-sái bán-bīn--ê, nā chiàu thôan-thóng ê hong-sio̍k, iáu-bē chhut-kè ê siàu-liân cha-bó·-gín-á tō bē-sái bán--tit. In tio̍h tán kah beh chhut-kè chìn-chêng, chó·-sian pài-liáu, chiah hō· chhin-chiâⁿ lāi-té ū-hòe koh ū hok-khì ê cha-bó· sī-tōa thè sin-niû-á chò thâu-chi̍t-kái ê bán-bīn, soah liáu-āu cha-po· chit-pêng chiah pau âng-pau hō· bán-bīn ê sī-tōa chò lé.\n\nKhah-chá hū-jîn-lâng tû-khì chiàu sî-kan kò·-tēng bán-bīn, koh ū kúi-ê-á te̍k-pia̍t ê ji̍t-chí mā ē bán-bīn. Pí-lūn sin-chiaⁿ ê sî, 24 sàn-sîn liáu-āu, keh-tńg-kang ài bán-bīn, piáu-sī kái-thâu-ōaⁿ-bīn, nā gō·-go̍eh-cheh, tiong-gôan-cheh téng-téng ê cheh-ji̍t mā ē thiau-kang khì bán-bīn.\n\nIn-ūi khah-chá ê lâng jīn-ûi bán-bīn ē-tàng kā pháiⁿ-ūn tàn-hìⁿ-sak, só·-í nî-á-cheh-á tō khah ē khì bán-bīn.\n\nBán-bīn ê pō·-sò·\n-----------------\n\nBán-bīn ê ke-si chin kán-tan, kan-taⁿ 1-khûn iù mî-sòaⁿ kap 1-a̍p hō-chò **phòng-hún** ê pe̍h-hún niā-tiāⁿ.\n\nChit-khí-khiàn ē seng kā phòng-hún boah tī bīn--ni̍h, thang khip-siu bīn iû, hō· mî-sòaⁿ khah hó thang kā mn̂g khau--khí-lâi. Koh lâi tō ēng 1-tiâu mî-sòaⁿ sio-chhé, ēng chhùi tùi sòaⁿ tiong-ng kā--leh, chiah siang-chhiú lia̍h siang-thâu, chì-la̍t lâi khau bīn, kā mn̂g, thiâu-á-chí kap tēng-phôe khau--khí-lâi. Gâu bán-bīn ê lâng bán-liáu chin chheng-khì koh bē thiàⁿ, mê-kak ū 3-tiám, tē-it sī ài ē-hiáu chì-la̍t, tē-jī sī mî-sòaⁿ ài peⁿ-ân óa hō· bā, koh ka-siōng kha-chhiú mé-lia̍h, án-ne tō ē khah-sūn-sī.\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Google Answers (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Bán-bīn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[22,1820,0.012087912087912088],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2168}} -{"text":"tóng-àn:Russian Revolution of 1917.jpg\n**Lō͘-se-a Kek-bēng** (Lō͘-se-a-bûn: Русская революция) sī 1917 nî tī Lō͘-se-a hoat-seng ê hē-lia̍t kek-bēng ūn-tōng ê thóng-chheng. Chit pái kek-bēng chòe-āu ê kiat-kio̍k sī kā Lō͘-se-a Té-kok thui-hoan, khí-chō So͘-liân. Tī 1917 nî 3 goe̍h hoat-seng ê Jī-goe̍h Kek-bēng sú-tit Romanov Ông-tiâu pī thui-hoan, iû lîm-sî chèng-hú chiáng-khoân. Kāng chi̍t nî 11 goe̍h, koh hoat-seng Cha̍p-goe̍h Kek-bēng, sú-tit lîm-sî chèng-hú koh-chài pī thui-hoan, iû Bolshevik kiōng-sán chèng-hú chhú-tāi.\n\nTī Sèng Peterburg po̍k-hoat ê Jī-goe̍h Kek-bēng (1917 nî 3 goe̍h) sī chi̍t tiûⁿ chū-jiân phó͘-ki̍p khok-sàn ê kek-bēng ūn-tōng. Lō͘-se-a Té-kok Gī-hōe tī hūn-loān tong-tiong chiáng-ak chèng-koân, sêng-li̍p Lō͘-se-a Lîm-sî Chèng-hú. Kok-ka kun-tūi jīm-ûi in bô-hoat-tō͘ ap-chè kek-bēng ê lōng-tiâu, lîm-sî chèng-hú tī Lō͘-se-a boa̍t-tāi Sa-hông Nikolai 2-sè thè-ūi liáu-āu, chèng-sek chhú-tit Lō͘-se-a ê chèng-khoân.\n\nPōe-kéng\n--------\n\n1917 nî chhe, Lō͘-se-a ê kek-bēng sî-ki í-keng sêng-se̍k; i thè siā-hōe tòa-lâi liáu choán-piàn ê khè-ki, soah mā tòa-lâi liáu chiâⁿ tōa ê bī-ti. Sàn-chhiah ê chng-kha ki-bîn tī lông-gia̍p kap kang-gia̍p khoân-kéng tiong-kan óng-lâi ê chêng-hêng jú-lâi-jú pîn-hoân, sīm-chì soán-te̍k poaⁿ-chhù, tì-sú to͘-chhī lô-tōng-la̍t chhî-sio̍k chòng-tāi. Tiong-sán kai-kip ê pe̍h-niá chit-oân, seng-lí-lâng kap choan-gia̍p jîn-sū (pau-hâm āu-kî ê i-seng, lu̍t-su, kàu-su, kì-chiá, kang-têng-su téng-téng) tē-ūi tau̍h-tau̍h-á thê-seng. Tio̍h-sǹg sī kùi-cho̍k, mā pit-su tī chit-ê put-toān piàn-hòa ê keng-chè chè-tō͘ tiong chhōe chhut sin ê seng-chûn hong-sek. Tong-tāi lēng-gōa ū sin kai-kip heng-khí (pí-lūn bû-sán kai-kip kap chu-pún-ka), chia-ê kai-kip iū-koh chiàu sin-hūn tē-ūi ê bô-kāng ū chha-ī.\n\nLō͘-se-a ê siā-hōe kûn-thé ia̍h-sī siā-hōe pian-kài piàn kah jú-lâi-jú bô hó chheng-chhó͘ kài-tēng. M̄-nā cho̍k-kûn í kok-chióng hong-sek hun-lia̍t, in-ê tēng-kài mā in-ūi poaⁿ-sóa ê lông-bîn, lô-tōng tì-sek hūn-chú, sū-sin choan-ka téng lâi tau̍h-tau̍h-á bô͘-hô͘. Khok-tián ê siong-gia̍p bûn-hòa í-keng tì-sú lâng ê seng-oa̍h kái-piàn, tiông-kiàn liáu bu̍t-chit seng-oa̍h ê bīn-māu (kiàn-tio̍k, tiàm-bīn, kóng-kò, sî-cheng kap ki-hāi), pēng pôe-io̍k liáu sin ê bu̍t-chit io̍k-bōng.\n\n### Keng-chè kap siā-hōe piàn-chhian","meta":{"title":"Lō͘-se-a Kek-bēng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2282,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2610}} -{"text":"sè tâi ê La-jí-oh\n**La-jí-oh** (Ji̍t-pún-gí: ラジオ, Eng-gí: radio) sī 1 chióng bû-soàⁿ (bô chiap soàⁿ) thoân-sàng sìn-hō ê ki-su̍t kap ke-khì, nā it-poaⁿ kóng \"la-jí-oh\", sī chí chiap-siu ê ke-khì khah-chē. Ki-su̍t-tek iōng-sû, sī \"hòng-sàng\", \"la-jí-oh hòng-sàng\" iah-sī \"kóng-pò\". La-jí-oh thoân-sàng--ê sìn-sit chú-iàu sī siaⁿ-im, thoân-sàng ê hong-sek, sī kā pîn-lu̍t khah-kē koè khó-kiàn-kng (lâng ba̍k-chiu khoàⁿ-ē-tio̍h ê kng-soàⁿ) ê tiān-chû-pho, thàu-koè tiâu-piàn kòng-chè, lâi thoân-chhut bô-kâng ê sìn-hō.\n\nThâu-chêng kóng ê tiān-chû-pho sī ēng tiān-chû-tiûⁿ chín-tōng ê hong-sek, thong-koè khòng-khoah ê khong-kan lâi thoân-sàng--ê, i pún-sin bô-su-iàu lēng-goā ê mûi-kài. Chu-sìn in-ūi tiān-pho ê bó͘-chi̍t-koá sèng-chit (pí-lūn-kóng chín-pak kap pîn-lu̍t), keng-koè tiâu-piàn sán-seng ū-hē-thóng ê piàn-hoà, ta̍t-sêng chih-chài bô-kâng ê sín-sit ê bo̍k-tek. La-jí-oh hòng-sàng ê tiān-pho nā thoân lâi tī tiān-tō-thé (chiap-siu ê ke-khì ê chú-iàu pō͘-hūn), chín-tōng ê tiān-chû-tiûⁿ tō ē ín-khí tō-thé lāi-té ê kau-liû-tiān piàn-hoà, che tiān-liû ē-tàng koh chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ choán-oāⁿ chò im-siaⁿ he̍k-chiá-sī pa̍t-hāng tài chu-sìn ê sìn-hō. Í-siōng tō-sī la-jí-oh ê ki-pún goân-lí.","meta":{"title":"La-jí-oh hòng-sàng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1221,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1386}} -{"text":"Chi̍t-kóa thòa-kǹg bôa-chiam\nBôa-chiam kap ko-sok chhiú-ki\nBôa-chiam ê ki-pún tô·-iūⁿ\n**Bôa-chiam** (Hàn-jī: 磨針; Eng-gí: burr) sī khí-kho sú-iōng lâi siu-bôa chhùi-khí ê ke-sī, ē-sái tī thūn-chhùi-khí ê sî-chūn the̍h-lâi bôa-tû chiù-chhng ,mā ē-sái tī beh chò ké-chhùi-khí ê sî-chūn iōng-lâi siū-hêng chún-pī chhùi-khí, he̍k sú-iōng tī kî-thaⁿ ū su-iàu bôa tio̍h chhùi-khí ê to·-ha̍p. Ū-sî-chūn ē kā i kiò-chò **chǹg-á** (*drill bit*), m̄-koh chǹg-á ê hâm-ì khah e̍h-sè kan-taⁿ ū chǹg-khang ê ì-sù, bôa-chiam m̄-nā ē chǹg-khang koh ē siah ē bôa. \n\nBôa-chiam ū kúi-nā-chióng, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ khoàiⁿ--ê sī tàu tī ko-sok chhiú-ki-á (*high-speed handpiece*) ê hit-chióng. Kî-thaⁿ iáu-ū, chhin-chhiūⁿ tàu tī bān-sok oan-kak chhiú-ki (*low-speed contra-angle handpiece*) ê bôa-chiam, i ê pèⁿ ū phòa-khih, chhùn-chhioh pí chêng 1 chióng khah-tōa khah-tn̂g. Koh-ū chit-chióng sī tàu tī ban-sok ti̍t chhiú-ki (*low-speed straight handpiece*) ê bôa-chiam, i ê chhùn-chhioh koh khah-tn̂g.\n\nKoh-iūⁿ ê bôa-chiam\n-------------------\n\nChiàu choán-sok lâi hun:\n\n1. bān-sok bôa-chiam (500-15,000 rpm), pèⁿ ê ti̍t-kèng 3/32 inch (2.4 mm); oan-kak chhiú-ki iōng--ê ê tn̂g-tō· tāi-iok 22 mm; ti̍t chhiú-ki ēng--ê ê tn̂g-tō· tāi-iok 5 kong-hun.\n2. ko-sok bôa-chiam (100,000-800,000 rpm), pèⁿ ê ti̍t-kèng 1/16 inch (1.6 mm), tn̂g-tō· tāi-iok 2 kong-hun chó-iū, ū chhiat-siah lêng-le̍k ê pō·-ūi ê chia̍t-bīn ti̍t-kèng tāi-iok bē chhiau-kòe 3 mm.\n\nChiàu chit-liāu lâi hun:\n\n1. thòaⁿ-kǹg bôa-chiam (*carbide burr*)\n2. o·-kǹg bôa-chiam (*tungsten carbide burr*)\n3. soān-chio̍h môa-chiam (*diamond burr*) :\n\nŪ-ê tēng-gī kóng, môa-chiam sī kí hoán-sî-kè (couterclockwise) tńg-se̍h chiah-ū chhiat-siah ê kong-lêng ê ke-si, soān-chio̍h môa-chiam in-ūi 2 ê hong-hiòng lóng ē-sái bôa, só·-í kā lēng-gōa kiò-chò soān-chio̍h bôa-chio̍h (*diamond stone*).\nChiàu hêng-thài lâi hun:\n\n1. îⁿ-hêng bôa-chiam (*round burr*) (1/4-10)\n2. hoan-liàn-tńg îⁿ-chui-thé bôa-chiam (*inverted cone burr*) (31 1/4-44)\n3. pêⁿ-bīn ti̍t-hêng lia̍t-kau bôa-chiam (*plain straight fissure burr*) (551/2-62)\n4. hoâiⁿ-chhiat ti̍t-hêng lia̍t-kau bôa-chiam (*crosscut straight fissure burr*) (556-563)\n5. pêⁿ-bīn îⁿ-chui-thé lia̍t-kau bôa-chiam (*plain tapered fissure burr*) (69-73)\n6. hoâiⁿ-chhiat îⁿ-chui-thé lia̍t-kau bôa-chiam (*crosscut tapered fissure burr*) (699-703)\n7. chhia-lián-hêng bôa-chiam (*wheel burr*) (111/2-16)\n8. íⁿ-hêng bôa-chaim (*bud burr*) (441/2-51)\n9. lâi-á-hêng bôa-chiam (*pear burr*) (230-232)\n10. tn̂g-ko-îⁿ bôa-chiam (*oval burr*) (218-221)\n11. îⁿ-chui-thé bôa-chiam (*cone burr*) (221/2-33)\n12. hóe-iām-hêng bôa-chiam (*flame burr*) (242-246)\n\nChiàu kong-lêng lâi hun:\n\n1. toan-chhiat bôa-chiam (*end-cutting burr*)\n2. ó·-khang bôa-chiam (*excavating burr*)\n3. bôa-iù bôa-chiam (*finishing burr*) mā kiò-chò thiâm-that bôa-iù bôa-chiam (*plug-finishing burr*)\n4. thui-kim bôa-chiam (*polishing burr*)\n\nhoâiⁿ-chhiat bôa-chiam (*crosscut burr*) mā kiò-chò kì-khí bôa-chiam (*dentate burr*)\nti̍t-hêng lia̍t-kau bôa-chiam (*straight fissure burr*) kap toan-chhiat bôa-chiam (*end-cutting burr*) tâng-chê mā kiò-chò îⁿ-thiāu-thé bôa-chiam (*cylinder burr*)\n\nChìn-chi̍t-pō· chhiáⁿ-khòaⁿ tńg-se̍h chhiat-siah kang-kū (khí-kho) (*rotary cutting instrument*).","meta":{"title":"Boâ-chiam","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1330,2957,0.44978018261751773],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3524}} -{"text":"Nn̄g-ê chhiⁿ-thé ê hē-thóng ōe-tàng chhōe-tio̍h 5-ê só͘-chāi thang-hó koh khǹg 1-ê chit-liōng khah sòe ê chhiⁿ-thé jı̍p-·khì, hō͘ in 3-ê ê siong-tùi ê ūi sī kò͘-tēng ê, chit-5-ê só͘-chāi tō hō-chò **Lagrange tiám**.\n\n5-ê Lagrange tiám.\nPí-lūn-kóng, goe̍h-niû kap tē-kiû se̍h in-ê chit-liōng tiong-sim teh kiâⁿ, lán ōe-tàng kā jîn-chō oē-chhiⁿ khǹg-tī goe̍h-tē hē-thóng ê Lagrange tiám, hō͘ i mā se̍h goe̍h-niû kap tē-kiû ê chit-liōng tiong-sim teh kiâⁿ. nā án-ne tāng-la̍t tō ōe tú-á-hó hō͘ jîn-chō ōe-chhiⁿ pó-chhî tī Lagrange tiám ê só͘-chāi. Ùi tē-kiû lâi khoàⁿ, goe̍h-niû kap ōe-chhiⁿ siong-tùi ê ūi bōe kái-piàn, ùi goe̍h-niû lâi khoàⁿ, tē-kiû kap ōe-chhiⁿ siong-tùi ê ūi bōe kái-piàn, ùi ōe-chhiⁿ lâi khoàⁿ, tē-kiû kap goe̍h-niû siong-tùi ê ūi mā bōe kái-piàn.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nŪi\n--\n\nLán kā 2-ê chhiⁿ-thé tiong-kan chit-liōng khah tōa-·ê hit-ê hō-chò M1, khah sòe-·ê hō-chò M2.\n\n### L1\n\nL1 tiàm-tī 2-ê chhiⁿ-thé tiong-ng, khah óa M2 ê só͘-chāi. NASA tī ji̍t-thâu kap tē-kiû ê L1 an 1-ê Advanced Composition Explorer, beh koan-chhat jı̍t-thâu ê oa̍h-tōng.\n\n### L2\n\nL2 tiàm-tī M1 kap M2 khan-·khí·lâi ê hit-tiâu soàⁿ téng-bīn, tī M2 ê gōa-kháu. NASA tī tē-kiû ê L2 an 1-ê Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe.\nNā-sī M1 phēng M2 tōa chiâⁿ-chōe, L1 kap L2 lî M2 tō chha-put-to pîⁿ hn̄g, lóng tī Hill kiû-bīn téng-koân. Hill kiû-bīn ê poàⁿ-kèng *r* sī\n\n{\\displaystyle r\\approx R{\\sqrt[{3}]{\\frac {M\\_{2}}{3M\\_{1}}}}}\n### L3\n\nL3 tiàm-tī M1 kap M2 khan-·khí·lâi ê hit-tiâu soàⁿ téng-bīn, tī M1 ê gōa-kháu, mā tī M2 ê kúi-tō gōa-kháu. \n\n### L4 kap L5\n\nL4 kap L5 tiàm-tī M2 ê kúi-tō tēng bīn, kap M1 ōe-tàng chiâⁿ-sêng chiàⁿ-saⁿ-kak-hêng ê 2-ê só͘-chāi. Chit-2-ê tiám mā hō-chò Trojan tiám, he sī in-ūi bo̍k-chhiⁿ kúi-tō ê L4 kap L5 ū 2-tīn sió-he̍k-chhiⁿ, lóng ēng Homer siá ê Iliad lāi-tóe ê kha-siàu lâi hō-miâ, só͘-í lâng kā kiò-chò Trojan sió-he̍k-chhiⁿ.\n\nÚn-tēng-sèng\n------------\n\n *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*","meta":{"title":"Lagrange tiám","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1953,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2332}} -{"text":"**Cho̍k-kûn bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī** (Eng-gí: *ethnic nationalism*) sī bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī ê chi̍t khoán, chú-iàu te̍k-sek sī chiàu cho̍k-kûn (*ethnicity*) lâi tēng-gī bîn-cho̍k (*nation*).\n\nCho̍k-kûn bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī chú-tiuⁿ ta̍k-ê jîn-lūi ê cho̍k-kûn lóng ū koân ka-tī koán-lí kap to̍k-li̍p. Bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī-chiá jīn-ûi beh ta̍t-sêng thâu-chêng chit-ê bo̍k-phiau, siōng-hó ê hong-sek tō sī hō͘ ta̍k-ê cho̍k-kûn lóng ū in ka-tī ê kok-ka he̍k-chiá sī chū-tī ê siā-hoē, bô siū-tio̍h pa̍t-ê cho̍k-kûn iah koân-le̍k-chiá ê khòng-chè kap ap-pek.\n\nChiaⁿ chē bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī-chiá lia̍h-kóng bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī sī chín-kiù sè ê iah nńg-lio̍h ê cho̍k-kûn siōng-hó ê chhiú-lō͘, in jīn-ûi chiah-ê sè ê kap pí-kàu-tek khah bô le̍k-liōng ê cho̍k-kûn in-ūi kap pa̍t-ê cho̍k-kûn sio-lām siū-tio̍h ui-hia̍p. Bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī-chiá mā siūⁿ-kóng chit-ê sè-kài ē in-ūi bûn-hoà to-iūⁿ-sèng ê cheng-ka piàn-chò koh-khah hó, in mā kā choân-kiû-sèng ê éng-hióng kap thàu-lām khoàⁿ-chò tùi to-iūⁿ-sèng ê sńg-tn̄g.","meta":{"title":"Cho̍k-kûn bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1002,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1145}} -{"text":"**Put-kui-chek tōng-sû** sī bô-ha̍h chi̍t-ê chòng-ha̍p-gí (pí-lūn kau-tio̍k-gí (膠著語) kap khut-chiat-gí (屈折語)) lāi-té--ê tōng-sû piàn-hòa kui-chek--ê tōng-sû.\n\nPí-lūn, Eng-gí--ê tōng-sû kòe-khì-sek tong-siông sī \"*goân-hêng tōng-sû*-ed\", chhin-chhiūⁿ repeat (koh chò) → repeat**ed**. M̄-koh do (chò)--ê kòe-khì-sek--sî did, só͘-í \"do\" sī put-kui-chek tōng-sû.\n\nÌn-au gí-hē\n-----------\n\n### Eng-gí\n\n* Chit-kóa tōng-sû sui-bóng sī put-kui-chek piàn-hòa, tān-sī mā ū chit-kóa kui-chek. Chún-nā chiàu \"goân-hêng - kòe-khì-sek (*past tense*) - kòe-khì hun-sû (*past principle*)\" lâi pâi, kui-chek tōng-sû--ê piàn-hòa sī: \"goân-hêng - goân-hêng + ed - goân-hêng + ed\" (pí-lūn: repeat - repeated - repeated), m̄-koh put-kui-chek tōng-sû--ê piàn-hòa nā chiàu án-ne pâi thang hun-chò ē-kha--ê hun-lūi:\n\t+ ABC hêng (chit 3-ê piàn-hòa lông bô-kâng).\n\t\t- Lē: sing - sang - sung (chhiùⁿ)\n\t+ ABB hêng (kòe-khì-sek hām kòe-khì hun-sû sio kâng).\n\t\t- Lē: leave - **left - left** (lī-khui, lâu)\n\t+ ABA hêng (goân-hêng kap kòe-khì hun-sû sio kâng).\n\t\t- Lē: **become** - became - **become** (piàn-chò)\n\t+ AAA hêng (chit 3-ê piàn-hòa pheng-hoat lóng kâng-khoán):\n\t\t- Lē: put - put - put (khǹg)\n\nŪ-sî-á in-ūi tōng-sû--ê lâi-goân bô-kâng, tiō ū bô-kâng ì-sù, jî-chhiáⁿ mā ū bô-kâng--ê tōng-sû piàn-hòa. Pí-lûn \"lead\" nā chí \"léng-tō, chhōa\"--ê ì-sù, piàn-hòa sī:\n\n* lead - led - led\n\nM̄-koh nā chí \"iân-hòa, ke iân (kim-sio̍k)\"--ê ì-sù, tio̍h-sī:\n\n* lead - leaded - leaded\n\n### Ài-ní-lân-gí\n\nÀi-ní-lân-gí tōng-sû ū nn̄g khoán piàn-hòa, 11-ê put-kui-chek tōng-sû. Kok hong-giân tùi chi̍t-ê put-kui-chhek tōng-sû--ê piàn-hòa khó-lêng ū chha-piat.\n\n* abair: kóng\n* beir: lia̍h\n* bí: sī\n* clois/cluin: thiaⁿ\n* déan: chò\n* faigh: the̍h\n* feic: khoàⁿ\n* ith: chia̍h\n* tabhair: (pun-)hō͘\n* tar: lâi\n* téigh: khì\n\nKî-thaⁿ\n-------\n\n### Ji̍t-gí\n\nHiān-tāi Ji̍t-gí Piâu-chún-gí--ê tōng-sû piàn-hòa (oa̍h-iōng, 活用), tû-liáu ū-kui-chek--ê gō͘-toāⁿ oa̍h-iōng (五段活用) kap it-toāⁿ oa̍h-iōng (一段活用) hit nn̄g lūi í-gōa, chhun--ê tōng-sû lióng-sī bô kui-chek--ê piàn-keh oa̍h-iōng (変格活用), pí-lūn: 来る (*kuru*, lâi), 〜する (*~suru*, kiâⁿ ~).\n\nTān-sī, tiō-sǹg sī it-toāⁿ tōng-sû, iā sī ū bô chiàu piàn-hòa kui-chek--ê sû.\n\nChhan-chhiūⁿ いく (*iku*, kiâⁿ) sī Ka-hâng gō͘-toāⁿ oa̍h-iōng (カ行五段活用) nā chiàu kui-chek kap im-piàn (音便), kòe-khì sî-thài èng-kai sī いいた (*iita*), m̄-koh che m̄-tio̍h, si̍t-chè-siōng sī いった (*itta*). とう (*tou*, thàm-thiaⁿ) nā chiàu Wa-hâng gō͘-toāⁿ oa̍h-iōng kap im-piàn, kòe-khì sî-thài èng-kāi sī とった (*totta*), tān-sī si̍t-chè-siōng sī とうた (*tôta*).\n\n### Sè-kài-gí\n\nUī-tio̍h hō͘ ha̍k-si̍p-chiá khah khuài o̍h, chū sè-kè tio̍h kui-tēng jīm-hô tōng-sû lóng ài chiàu kui-chek piàn-hòa, só͘-í bô put-kui-chek tōng-sû.","meta":{"title":"Put-kui-chek tōng-sû","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[842,2544,0.3309748427672956],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3062}} -{"text":"Sī Microsoft khai-hoat, chi̍t-ê tì-le̍k tī bín-chia̍t nńg-thé khai-hoat（agile software development）、khoài-sok èng-iōng khai-hoat（rapid application development）、pîⁿ-tâi to̍k-li̍p-sèng kap bāng-lō͘ thàu-bêng-hòa ê nńg-thé kheng-khak. .NET sī Microsoft ūi 2000 nî-tāi ùi server kap Kò-jîn tiān-náu nńg-thé kang-têng kiâⁿ-chhut ê tē-it-pō͘. .NET pau-koat chē-chē tùi Internet kap lōe-pō͘ bāng-lō͘ èng-iōng liú-lia̍h khai-hoat ū pang-chān ê ki-su̍t.\n\n.NET kheng-khak sī Microsoft kong-si chiap-sòa Windows DNA í-āu ê sin khai-hoat pîⁿ-tâi. .NET kheng-khak sī iōng chi̍t-chióng chhái-iōng hē-thóng hu-gí-ki ūn-hêng ê phian-têng pîⁿ-tâi, í thong-iōng gú-giân ūn-hêng khò͘（Common Language Runtime）chóe ki-chhó͘，chi-chhî to-chióng gú-giân（C#、F#、VB.NET、C++、Python téng）ê khai-hoat.\n\n.NET iā ūi èng-iōng thêng-sek kài-bīn（API）thê-kiong sin kong-lêng kap khai-hoat kang-kū. Chit-kóa kek-sin hō͘ thêng-sek siat-kè jîn-oân ē-tàng kâng-sî chìn-hêng Windows èng-iōng nńg-thé kap Bāng-lō͘ èng-iōng nńg-thé í-kip goân-kiāⁿ kap ho̍k-bū（web ho̍k-bū）ê khai-hoat. .NET thê-kiong chi̍t-ê sin ê hoán-siā-sèng--ê jî-chhiáⁿ sī Bu̍t-kiāⁿ tō-hiòng thêng-sek siat-kè phian-thêng kài-bīn. .NET siat-kè kah kàu-gia̍h thong-iōng-hòa, chiū-an-ni hō͘ chē-chē bô-kâng ê Ko-chàn thêng-sek gú-giân lióng ē-tàng hông phian-e̍k.\n\nOracle kong-si ê Java thêng-sek gú-giân kap Java pîⁿ-tâi khì-gia̍p pán ki-su̍t sī .NET pîⁿ-tâi ê kèng-cheng tùi-chhiú chi-it.\n\n2014 nî 11 goe̍h 12 hō，Microsoft soan-pò͘ beh oân-choân khai-hòng .NET Framework ê goán-sī-bé，koh thê-kiong hō͘ Linux kap macOS sú-iōng.\n\n1. ↑ Scott Guthrie (2007-10-03). \"Releasing the Source Code for the NET Framework\". goân-loē-iông tī 2010-09-07 hőng khó͘-pih. 2010-09-15 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \".NET Core is Open Source\". *.NET Framework Blog*. Microsoft. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2014-12-31. 2014-11-12 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ Foley, Mary Jo. \"Microsoft to open source more of .NET, and bring it to Linux, Mac OS X\". *ZDNet*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2014-11-12. 2014-11-12 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":".NET Kheng-khak","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[832,2408,0.34551495016611294],"infobox":["\n
    .NET Framework
    \n
    \n
    .NET Framework ê cho͘-kiāⁿ khûn
    Khai-hoat\nMicrosoft
    Goân-chho͘
    pán-pún    		\n2002 nî 2 goe̍h 13 ji̍t;​ 20 nî í-chêng​ (2002-02-13)
    Ún-tēng
    pán-pún    		\n
    OS\nWindows 98 á-sī koh-khah sin
    Windows NT 4.0 á-sī koh-khah sin
    Lūi-hêng\nnńg-thé kheng-khak
    Siū-koân\nchoan-iú nńg-thé
    FCL [en]chhái-iōng Bî-loán Ms-RSLKiōng-hióng goân tāi-má siū-khoân
    pō͘-hūn chhái-chhú MIT hú-khó-chèng
    Bāng-chām\nwww.microsoft.com/net
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2247}} -{"text":"**Ì-tôo (huat-lu̍t)** (tik-gú: Absicht, hi̍k-tsiá kiò-tsò **bo̍k-tik** ) sī Au-lio̍k huat-hē [en] hîng-huat tang-tiong tsit-tsióng ti̍k-sû ê tsú-kuan kòo-sîng iàu-kiānn, tsûn-tsāi teh tsi̍t-kuá-á ti̍k-tīng ê huān-tsuē, kiò-tsò ì-tôo-huān hi̍k-tsiá bo̍k-ti̍k-huān. Teh kòo-sîng iàu-kiānn tsân-tshù tang-tiong, Ì-tôo sio̍k-ú tshiong-hun tiâu-kiānn jî-hui pit-iàu tiâu-kiānn. Îng-bí huat-hētang-tiong ê 的 \"huān-tsuē ì-sik\" (mens rea) sui-jiân iah-ē hông huan-i̍k tsò \"huān-tsuē ì-tôo\", m̄-kù kah pún tiâu-bo̍k sóo kóng-tio̍h sī siong-ī ê khài-liām.\n\nKhài-suat\n---------\n\nTeh hîng-huat-ha̍k tang-tiong, \"kòo-ì\" (dolus) sī teh kóng huān-tsuē hîng-uî-jîn tuì kòo-sîng iàu-kiānn sū-si̍t kū-pī \"ti\" kah\", tio̍h-sî hîng-uî-jîn jīn-ti kàu tsuân-pōoê khik-kuan kòo-sîng iàu-kiānn pīng iú-ì lâi si̍t-hiān, tse tō sī kòo-sîng huān-tsuē ê pit-iàu tiâu-kiānn (tû-hui sī kuè-sit-huān); tsì-u \"ì-tôo\" (Absicht) tsik-sī teh bóo tsi̍t-kuá-á ti̍k-tīng huān-tsuē tang-tiong, li̍p-huat-tsiá tsiam-tuì hîng-uî-jîn tsi tōng-ki bo̍k-tik gia̍h-guā tsing-siat ê ti̍k-sû iàu-kiānn, bo̍k-ti̍k teh hān-sok huān-tsuē ê sîng-li̍p. Lióng-tsiá sui-jiân lóng sī tsú-kuan kòo-sîng iàu-kiānn iàu-sòo, m̄-kù tsiân-tsiá tshik-tiōng teh hîng-uî sū-si̍t ê jīn-ti tsân-bīn, hiō-tsiá tsikn thé-hiàn teh hîng-uî sóo beh si̍t-hiān ê bo̍k-ti̍k-sìng tsân-bīn. Jî ì-tôo-huān ê sîng-li̍p , tû-liáu pit-su kū-pī guân-pún ê kòo-ì tsi-guā, koh-tsài tông-sî buán-tsiok ti̍k-tīng ê huān-tsuē ì-tôo, kòo-sîng iàu-kiānn tio̍h kiò-tsò \"kai-tong\" (該當).\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 柯耀程 (2021-11). \"意圖犯意圖涵攝範圍之認定－評臺中地方法院 106 年度智訴字第 11 號刑事判決\". *月旦裁判時報*. 元照出版公司 (113期): 頁52-59. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2022-08-29. 2022-08-29 khòaⁿ--ê – via 法源法律網.  (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hèn\n-----------------\n\n* Claus Roxin [de]: *Strafrecht. Allgemeiner Teil.* (Band 1). 3. Auflage. Beck Verlag, München 1997, ISBN 3-406-42507-0, S. 366–371. (Tek-gú)\n* Johannes Wessels (Jurist) [de], Werner Beulke [de]: *Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil.* C.F. Müller Verlag, Heidelberg, 41. Auflage, ISBN 978-3-8114-9822-8. (Tek-gú)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Vorsatz (Recht)\n* Mens rea\n* Dolose Handlung (fraudulent act)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 意圖--Legispedia (Hàn-gí)\n* 意圖 - lawsWIK (Hàn-gí)\n* 本案例乃在闡釋故意，動機與意圖之區別 - Libra law center (Hàn-gí)\n* 意圖與動機―評最高法院九十六年台上字第五九八號判決 (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Ì-tô͘ (hoat-lu̍t)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[705,2246,0.3138913624220837],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2629}} -{"text":"\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Le̍k-sú-su |\n| Iok-su-a-kì |\n| Sū-su-kì |\n| Lō·-tek-kì |\n| Sat-bó·-jíⁿ-kì chiūⁿ hā |\n| Lia̍t-ông-kì chiūⁿ hā |\n| Le̍k-tāi-chì chiūⁿ hā |\n| Í-su-láh-kì |\n| Nî-hi-bí-kì |\n| Í-su-thiap-kì |\n| |\n\n**Sat-bó·-jíⁿ-kì-chiūⁿ** ê chú-tê kin Kū-iok kî-thaⁿ ê le̍k-sú-su sio-tâng, to kiông-tiāu tùi Sîn tiong-sêng chiū pit-tēng sêng-kong, lî ûi-pōe Sîn ê bēng-lēng pit-tēng cho-iàⁿ. Chit chi̍t-tiám chāi Sîn kip Í-lī ê sìn-chū tiong chheng-chhó tē chí-chhut: \"*in-ūi chun-tiōng Góa ê, Góa beh chun-tiōng I, biáu-sī Góa ê, i beh siū khòaⁿ-khin*\". Pún-su sū-su̍t Í-sek-lia̍t jîn-bîn tùi kiàn-li̍p ông-kok chit-ê sū-kiāⁿ ê ho̍k-cha̍p chêng-sū. Iâ-hô-hoa sī Í-sek-lia̍t ê si̍t-chè kun-ông, tān-sī ûi-liáu bóan-chiok jîn-bîn ê gōan-bōng, Iâ-hô-hoa ûi im sóan-li̍p chi̍t-ê kun-ông. Sū-si̍t siāng kok-ông (Sò-lô) kap jîn-bîn to siū Sîn ê lu̍t-hoat hā, só·-iú jîn-bîn to siū sio-tâng ê thāi-gū.\n\n**Sat-bó·-jíⁿ-kì-hā** sī chiūⁿ kòan ê sio̍k-phiⁿ, kì-su̍t Tāi-pi̍t chok ông ê le̍k-sú chiông i thóng-tī lâm-hong ê Iû-tāi khai-sí kàu i thóng-tī chôan-kok pau-koat pak-hong ê Í-sek-lia̍t ûi-chí. Tāi-pi̍t ê seng-pêng kah i hui-hông ê kong-gia̍p kip Í-sek-lia̍t lâng lâu-hā liáu chhim-khek ê yìn-chhiūⁿ. In-chhú chāi āu-sè, múi-chhù tang kok-ka cho-gū chai-lān, jîn-bîn khoah-bāng hiân-kun chhut-lâi kái-kiù sî-kan, im to kî-bōng chiông Tāi-pi̍t ê chú-sun tiong-kan ū ná-chhiūⁿ siōng Tāi-pi̍t ê chi̍t-ūi léng-siù chhut-hiān.","meta":{"title":"Sat-bó͘-jíⁿ-kì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[165,1359,0.12141280353200883],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1618}} -{"text":"\n**It-sim-lō͘**（Eng-gí: **Yisin Rd.**）sī Ko-hiông-chhī ê tang-sai-hiòng tiōng-iàu tō-lō͘. Pún tō-lō͘ hun-chòe nn̄g-ê pō͘-hūn, tang-pêng ùi Khái-soân-lō͘ khai-sí chiap Sūi-liông-lō͘, kàu-tī sai-pêng ê Tiong-san-jī-lō͘ kap Sam-to-saⁿ-lō͘ kháu, kan-na keng-kòe Chiân-tìn-khu.\n\nKeng-kòe ê Hêng-chèng Khu-he̍k\n------------------------------\n\n* Chiân-tìn-khu\n\nHun-tōaⁿ\n--------\n\nIt-sim-lō͘ lóng-chóng hun-chòe nn̄g-ê pō͘-hūn:\n\n* It-sim-it-lō͘: Tang-pêng ùi Khái-soân-saⁿ-lō͘, Khái-soân-sì-lō͘ kháu chiap Sūi-liông-lō͘, sai-pêng tī Bîn-khoân-jī-lō͘ kháu chiap It-sim-jī-lō͘\n* It-sim-jī-lō͘: Tang-pêng ùi Bîn-koân-jī-lō͘ kháu chiap It-sim-it-lō͘, sai-pêng soah tī Tiong-san-jī-lō͘ kap Sam-to-saⁿ-lō͘ kháu.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nLō͘-miâ ùi *Siōng-su: Chîn-sē* só͘ kì: \"Ú sîn sam-chhian ûi it-sim.\" (予臣三千惟一心) *Koán-chú: Hoat-kim*: \"Bú-ông iú sîn sam-chhian jī it-sim.\" (武王有臣三千而一心) Chhú \"Bān-chiòng it-sim (萬眾一心)\" ê ì-sù. Chiu-bú-ông ê tiâu-sîn sui-jiân ū kúi-nā chheng miâ, m̄-ko lóng ē-tàng thoân-kiat chi̍t-tiâu sim, só͘-í kok-ka it-tēng chhiong-sèng.\n\n2014 nî 7goe̍h 31 ji̍t àm-mê in-ūi hoat-seng Ko-hiông Khì-po̍k Sū-kò͘ ê éng-hióng, hō͘ It-sim-lō͘ kui-tiâu (ùi Khái-soân-lō͘ kháu kàu Kong-hôa-lō͘ kháu) bōe thong. Keng-kòe saⁿ kò goe̍h ê tiông-kiàn liáu-āu, tī kâng-nî 11 goe̍h 20 ji̍t pòaⁿ-mê 12 tiám oân-kang, tông-sî khai-hòng thong-chhia.\n\nChham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Ko-hiông-chhī chú-iàu tō-lō͘ chheng-toaⁿ (高雄市主要道路列表)","meta":{"title":"It-sim-lō͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[783,1799,0.4352418010005559],"infobox":["
    It-sim-lō͘
    ◀ Yisin Rd. ▶
    \n
    Sūi-liông-lō͘ 　東 →
    \n\"It-sim
    It-sim jī-lō͘
    Siông-sè tsu-sìn
    Tō-lōo sìng-tsit\nit-poaⁿ tō-lō͘
    Hun-tuāñ\nIt-lō͘（Chiân-tìn-khu）
    Jī-lō͘（Chiân-tìn-khu）
    Khí-tiám\nKhái-soân-lō͘
    Tsiong-tiám\nTiong-san jī-lō͘, Sam-to sam-lō͘
    Tsú-iàu tset-tiám\nHô-pêng jī-lō͘, Lî-á-lāi-lō͘, Kong-hôa jī-lō͘<=>Kong-hôa saⁿ-lō͘, Bîn-khoân jī-lō͘, Ho̍k-heng sam-lō͘, Lîm-sim sam-lō͘, Bûn-hêng sam-lō͘
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1637}} -{"text":"**It-kok-lióng-chè** (一國兩制) ê pe̍h-ōe ì-sù sī **chi̍t ê kok-ka, nn̄g chióng chè-tō͘** (Eng-bûn: *one country, two systems*), sī Tiong-kok tē-jī tāi léng-tō-jîn Tēng Siáu-pêng tī 1980 nî-tāi, ūi-tio̍h beh si̍t-hiān Tiong-kok thóng-it ê bo̍k-phiau, só͘ thê-chhut ê hiàn-hoat goân-chek. Goân-chāi sī ūi-tio̍h beh kái-koat Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chèng-hú choán-chìn kàu Tâi-oân liáu-āu ê lióng-hoāⁿ koan-hē, Chiúⁿ Keng-kok ēng it-kok-liông-chè hôe-èng Tēng Siáu-pêng. Chit-ê kháu-hō lo̍h-bóe tī Hiong-káng kap Ò-mn̂g te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu chin-chiàⁿ si̍t-si. Kî-tiong, Tēng Siáu-pêng chú-tiuⁿ tī si̍t-hiān Tiong-kok hô-pêng thóng-it ê sî, kan-na ū Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ē-tàng tāi-piáu chi̍t ê Tiong-kok, pēng-chhiáⁿ sī ûi-it ha̍p-hoat ê Tiong-kok chèng-hú. Tiong-kok mā chē-chē pái tùi-goā piáu-ta̍t chū-sin tùi Hiong-káng kap Ò-mn̂g ê chú-koân chèng-chhek ê chú-tiuⁿ, pēng-chhiáⁿ iau-kiû hām chit nn̄g ê tē-khu ū goā-kau hō͘-tōng ê kok-ka èng-kai ài thé-jīn tio̍h it-kok-lióng-chè chèng-chhek ê chûn-chāi. Tī it-kok-lióng-chè ê hong-chiam tiong, pau-hâm Hiong-káng kap Ò-mn̂g lóng ē-sái pó-liû chu-pún-chú-gī keng-chè kap siā-hōe chèng-tī chè-tō͘, ah Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê kî-thaⁿ só͘-chāi ē kè-sio̍k si̍t-hêng Tiong-kok-sek siā-hōe-chú-gī chè-tō͘.\n\nKin-kì chit-hāng goân-chek, Hiong-káng kap Ò-mn̂g ē-tàng kè-sio̍k ióng-iú ka-kī ê chèng-tī chè-tō͘, hoat-lu̍t thé-hē, keng-chè chèng-chhek, kim-iông sū-bū í-ki̍p tùi-goā koan-hē 50 tang.","meta":{"title":"It-kok-lióng-chè","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1470,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1671}} -{"text":"Phô-lân-gí jī-bó-hē. Phú-sek tāi-piáu chāi-lâi tan-jī bô ēng--ê.\n**Pho-lân-gí jī-bó-hē** sī Pho-lân-gí ê bûn-jī. sī Pho-lân-gí chiàⁿ-jī-hoat ê ki-chhó͘. In-ê ki-pún sī Latin jī-bó-hē (Lô-má-jī), lēng-gōa koh ka chiūⁿ chi̍t kóa jī-bó sī tàu phiat-im hû-hō, chhiūⁿ tàu *kreska* ia̍h chiam-tiám (eng. *acute accent*) ê *ć*, *ń*, *ó*, *ś*, *ź*; tàu téng-tiám (*overdot*) ia̍h *kropka* ê *ż*; tàu bóe-tiám (*tail*) ia̍h *ogonek* ê *ą*, *ę*; koh ū tàu chi̍t phiat ê *ł*. Jī-bó *q*, *v* kap *x*, ka-ta ēng tī gōa-gí tan-jī, tiāⁿ bô sǹg tī Pho-lân-gí jī-bó-hē lāi-bīn. Chóng-sī ùi Pho-lân-gí ê phiau-chú-hòa chìn-chêng, \"x\" jī-bó ū-sî hông ēng tī \"ks\" ê tiûⁿ-ha̍p.\n\nTī Silesia-gí kap Kashubia-gí, mā sú-ēng keng-kòe siu-kái ê Pho-lân-gí jī-bó-hē piàn-khoán, nā Sorbia-gí sī ēng Pho-lân-gí kap Chesko-gí chiàⁿ-jī-hoat ê saⁿ-lām.\n\nJī-bó\n-----\n\nNā bô hâm Q, V kap X are excluded, Pho-lân-gí jī-bó-hē lóng-chóng ū 32 ê jī-bó: 9-ê bó-im kap 23-ê chú-im.\n\nĒ-té ê piáu khai-liat chia ê jī-bó, in-ê Pho-lân-gí hō-miâ, it-poaⁿ tī Pho-lân-gí ê ho͘-im, tī pa̍t khoán giân-gí (chia chú-iàu ēng Eng-gí) ê tùi-tâng, kap kî-tha ê khó-lêng ho͘-im. Ūi chheng-chhó mā piau phiat-im hû-hô.\n\n| Tōa-jī | Sió-jī | Pho-lân-gí hō-miâ | It-poaⁿ ho͘-im | Gōa-gí tùi-tâng | Kî-tha ho͘-im |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **A** | **a** | *a* | /ä/ | Eng-gí ê l**a**rge | tī kháu-kòa chú-im (*palatal consonant*) tiong-ng sī khah thâu-chêng ê [a] |\n| **Ą** | **ą** | *ą* | /ɔ̃/ | phiⁿ-im *o* ná Eng-gí ê **ow**n | [ɔn], [ɔŋ], [ɔm]; tī /w/ chìn-chêng chham /ɔ/ sio-ha̍p |\n| **B** | **b** | *be* | /b/ | Óa Tâi-gí ê **b**ô | bô-siaⁿ-hòa (*devoiced*) ê sî sī [p] |\n| **C** | **c** | *ce* | /t̪͡s̪/ | Eng-gí ê pi**ts** | ū-siaⁿ-hòa (*voiced*) ê sî sī [d̪͡z̪]. |\n| **Ć** | **ć** | *cie* | /t͡ɕ/ | Eng-gí ê **ch**eap | ū-siaⁿ-hòa sī [d͡ʑ] |\n| **D** | **d** | *de* | /d̪/ | Eng-gí ê **d**og | /d͡ʐ/ chìn-chêng sī [d̺]; bô-siaⁿ-hòa sī [t̪]; /t͡ʂ/ chìn-chêng sī [t̺]. |\n| **E** | **e** | *e* | /ɛ/ | Eng-gí ê b**e**d | tī kháu-kòa chú-im tiong-ng sī [e] |\n| **Ę** | **ę** | *ę* | /ɛ̃/ | phiⁿ-im *e* | [ɛn], [ɛŋ], [ɛm]; tī /w/ chìn-chêng kap /ɛ/ sio-ha̍p |\n| **F** | **f** | *ef* | /f/ | Eng-gí ê **f**ingers | ū-siaⁿ-hòa sī [v] |\n| **G** | **g** | *gie* | /ɡ/ | Tâi-gí ê **g**ô | bô-siaⁿ-hòa sī [k] |\n| **H** | **h** | *ha* | /x/ | So͘-kat-lân-gí ê *lo**ch*** | [ɣ] if voiced, may be glottal [ɦ] in a small number of dialects. For *ch* and *(c)hi* see Digraphs |\n| **I** | **i** | *i* | /i/ | Tâi-gí ê t**i** | tī chú-im tiong-ng sī [j]; piáu-hiān chêng chi̍t chú-im ê kháu-kòa-hòa (*palatization*) |\n| **J** | **j** | *jot* | /j/ | Eng-gí ê **y**es | |\n| **K** | **k** | *ka* | /k/ | Tâi-gí ê **k**o | ū-siaⁿ-hòa sī [ɡ] |\n| **L** | **l** | *el* | /l/ | Tâi-gí ê **l**ô | Tang-po͘ hong-giân khó-lêng ho͘ [lʲ] |\n| **Ł** | **ł** | *eł* | /w/ | Eng-gí ê **w**ill | Tang-po͘ hong-giân khó-lêng ho͘ [ɫ̪] |\n| **M** | **m** | *em* | /m/ | Tâi-gí ê **m**ī | tī chûn-khí chú-im (*labiodental consonant*) chìn-chêng sī [ɱ] |\n| **N** | **n** | *en* | /n̪/ | Tâi-gí ê **n**â | /t͡ʂ d͡ʐ/ chìn-chêng sī [n̺]; tī /k ɡ/ chìn-chêng thang sī [ŋ]. |\n| **Ń** | **ń** | *eń* | /ɲ̟/ | Eng-gí ê ca**ny**on | Can be [j̃] in syllable coda |\n| **O** | **o** | *o* | /ɔ/ | Tâi-gí ê s**o͘** | tī kháu-kòa chú-im tiong-ng sī [o] |\n| **Ó** | **ó** | *ó*, *o z kreską* or *u zamknięte* | /u/ | Tâi-gí ê s**u** | tī kháu-kòa chú-im tiong-ng sī [ʉ] |\n| **P** | **p** | *pe* | /p/ | Eng-gí ê s**p**ot | ū-siaⁿ-hòa sī [b] |\n| **R** | **r** | *er* | /r/ | chūn-im ***r*** | kóng-ōe kín ê sî tiāⁿ sī [ɾ] |\n| **S** | **s** | *es* | /s̪/ | Eng-gí ê **s**ea | |\n| **Ś** | **ś** | *eś* | /ɕ/ | Eng-gí ê **sh**eep | ū-siaⁿ-hòa sī [ʑ] (cf. Ź) |\n| **T** | **t** | *te* | /t̪/ | Eng-gí ê s**t**art | [t̺] before /t͡ʂ/; [d̪] if voiced; [d̺] before /d͡ʐ/. |\n| **U** | **u** | *u*, *u zwykłe* or *u otwarte* | /u/ | Tâi-gí ê s**u** | tī kháu-kòa chú-im tiong-ng sī [ʉ] |\n| **W** | **w** | *wu* | /v/ | Eng-gí ê **v**ow | bô-siaⁿ-hòa sī [f] |\n| **Y** | **y** | *y* ia̍h *igrek* | /ɘ̟/ | Eng-gí ê té *i*, ná b**i**t | |\n| **Z** | **z** | *zet* | /z̪/ | Eng-gí ê **z**oo | bô-siaⁿ-hòa sī [s̪]. |\n| **Ź** | **ź** | *ziet* | /ʑ/ | Eng-gí ê vi**si**on | bô-siaⁿ-hòa sī [ɕ] |\n| **Ż** | **ż** | *żet* or *zet z kropką* | /ʐ/ | Eng-gí ê vi**si**on | bô-siaⁿ-hòa sī [ʂ] |\n\n**^** /t.t͡ʂ d.d͡ʐ/ khó-lêng ho͘ chiūⁿ [t͡ʂː d͡ʐː].\n**^** /ɘ/ khah chia̍p kì chò /ɨ/, ū-sî /ɪ/.\nJī-bó *q* (hō-miâ *ku*), *v* (hō-miâ *fau*), kap *x* (hō-miâ *iks*) bô sǹg Pho-lân-gí jī-bó-hē chi̍t hūn, m̄-koh ū ēng lâi piáu-sī gōa-gí tan-jī kap siong-phiau téng-bīn. Tī chioh-jī (ia̍h sī kóng gōa-lâi-gí), in tiāⁿ hông hun-pia̍t thè-ōaⁿ chò ''*kw*, *w*, kap *ks*, pí-lūn *kwarc* \"quartz\", *weranda* \"veranda\", *ekstra* \"extra\" téng tan-jī.\n\nJī-bó ê hō-miâ\n--------------\n\nTéng-bīn kì ê jī-bó hō-miâ, sī hán tit hông siá--chhut-lâi, tû-liáu tī te̍k-pia̍t ê gí-lūi-hòa sio̍k-siá, pí-lūn ū chi̍t keng gîn-hâng hō Pekao chit-ê miâ, sī piáu-hiān tùi P.K.O. ê kán-lio̍k.\n\nŪ-ê jī-bó khó-lêng ē ēng lēng-gōa ê hong-hoat chí-miâ, kî-tiong tiāⁿ sī ti̍t-chiap ēng in-ê ho͘-im lâi kiò, chhiūⁿ Y khó-lêng hông kiò chò *y*, m̄-sī ēng *igrek*.\n\nTeh ké-soeh tàu-jī ê sî-chūn, te̍k-pia̍t ê jī-bó ū khó-lêng ēng te̍k-sû hong-sek piáu-ta̍t lâi chò khu-pia̍t. Pí-lūn H thang chí-miâ chò *samo h* (\"tan-to̍k h\") lâi kap CH *(ce ha)* khu-pia̍t. Jī-bó Ż thang kiò chò *żet* (ia̍h *zet*) *z kropką* (\"ū tiám ê Ż\") lâi kap RZ *(er zet)* khu-pia̍t. Jī-bó U thang kiò *u otwarte* (\"khui-kháu ê u\", piáu-hiān siá-hoat), lâi kap Ó khu-pia̍t, nā chit-ê Ó thang hō *u zamknięte* (\"ha̍p-kháu ê u\") ia̍h *o kreskowane* (\"tòa phiat ê o\").\n\nJī-bó-sūn\n---------\n\nPho-lân-gí ê jī-bó-sūn chiàu téng-bīn ê piáu pâi-lia̍t. Q, V kap X, nā ū ēng ê sî, chiàu in tī phó͘-thong Lô-má-jī ê chē-ūi pâi-lia̍t.\n\nPho-lân-gí tàu phiat-im hû-hô ê jī-bó, tī pâi sūn-sī ê sî-chūn sī sǹg chò goân-choân to̍k-li̍p--ê. Pí-lūn *być* ài pâi tī *bycie* āu-piah. Phiat-im jī-bó tī jī-tián lāi-bīn oa-ná ū in choan-bûn ê chiuⁿ-chat, chhiūⁿ *ć* jī-thâu ê jī, sī bô khai-lia̍t tī *c* ê pō͘-hūn.\n\nSiang-jī-bó tī jī-bó-sūn bô te̍k-pia̍t ê chhù-lí. Pí-lūn *ch* to̍h kán-tan sǹg chò *c* ê āu-piah ū *h*, bô chhiūⁿ Chesko-gí án-ne tòng chò chi̍t-ê jī-bó.\n\nKî-tha chu-liāu\n---------------\n\n* Sadowska, Iwona (2012). *Polish: A Comprehensive Grammar*. Oxford; New York City: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-47541-9.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. ↑ \"GDL Statute\". *Wikimedia Commons*. 4 November 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Polish Pronunciation Audio and Grammar Charts\n* Online editor for typing Polish characters","meta":{"title":"Pho-lân-gí jī-bó-hē","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2181,5075,0.42975369458128077],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7259}} -{"text":"Philips\n**Hông-ka Philips** (Hô-lân-gí: *Koninklijke Philips N.V.*), kán-chheng **Philips**, it-poaⁿ Hàn-bûn im-e̍k chò **Hui-lī-phó͘** (飛利浦), sī Hô-lân ê khòa-kok tiān-chú kong-si, chóng-pō͘ siat tī Amsterdam. Philips iû Gerard Philips hām in lāu-pē Frederik Philips tī 1891 nî tī Hô-lân Eindhoven sêng-li̍p. Philips tī 2010 nî ū 254.2 ek Au-îⁿ ê siu-ji̍p, hō͘ i chiâⁿ-chò sè-kài siōng siāng tōa ê tiān-chú kong-si chi it. I tī choân sè-kài 60 kúi ê kok-ka kò͘-iōng iok 114,500 ê oân-kang.\n\nPhilips ū saⁿ ê chú-iàu pō͘-bûn: Philips siau-hùi tiān-chú sán-phín, Philips i-liâu pó-kiān kap Philips chiò-bêng. Chia̍t-chì 2012 nî, Philips sī sè-kài siāng tōa ê chiò-bêng chè-chō-siong.\n\nPhilips chú-iàu tī Amsterdam ê Euronext chiūⁿ-chhī, sio̍k-î AEX chí-sò͘ ê sêng-hūn kó͘-phiò. Jī-chhù sī tī New York Chèng-koàn Kau-e̍k-só͘ chiūⁿ-chhī.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 156603850\n* LCCN: n2015046106\n* ISNI: 0000 0004 0398 9387\n* GND: 20044-X\n* SELIBR: 271651\n* MusicBrainz: 98009f86-2783-4173-9a0d-dc1655dd3229\n* NKC: osa2014836056\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Philips","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[177,982,0.18024439918533605],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1229}} -{"text":"**Sat-thâng-che** sī chi̍t khoán tùi thâng-thōa sú-iōng ê llông-io̍h, tī lông-gia̍p, i-io̍h, kang-gia̍p kah khiā-ke khoân-kéng. Sat-thâng-che ē-tàng chiam-tùi só͘-ū hoat-tián kai-tōaⁿ ê thâng-thōa, chhin-chhiūⁿ sat-nn̄g-che chham sat-iù-thâng-che.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTī se-goân-chêng 2500 nî chìn-chêng, jîn-lūi tō ū leh sú-iōng lông-io̍h lâi ū-hông lông-chok-bu̍t ê sún-hāi. Chá-kî ê lông-io̍h èng-iōng sī tāi-iok 4,500 nî chêng sī liû. Tī 15 sè-kí, chhiūⁿ phi-sò͘, chúi-gîn kah iân chi-lūi, ū to̍k ê hòa-ha̍k bu̍t-chit tō hŏng iōng tī lông-chok-bu̍t téng lâi thâi-sí hāi-thâng. Tī 17 sè-kí, ū-lâng ùi hun-chháu thê-liān chhut nî-ko-tin chham Sulfate lâi tòng-chò sat-thâng-che sú-iōng. 19 sè-kí ín-chìn-liáu nn̄g-khóaⁿ koh-khah thian-liân ê lông-io̍h pyrethrum chham reoenone.\n\nSú-iōng sat-thâng-che hŏng jīn-ûi sī jī-cha̍p sè-kí lông-gia̍p seng-sán-le̍k seng-koân ê chú-iàu in-sò͘ chi-it. Tī 20 sè-kí, lông-gia̍p hoat-tián-liáu chok kín--ê, sat-thâng-che hō͘ lông-gia̍p ê sán-liōng chhèng-koân. Iah-m̄-koh, chha-put-to só͘-ū ê sat-thâng-che lóng ē hō͘ seng-thài-hē kái-piàn chok tōa, kî-tiong tāi-pō͘-hūn tùi jîn-thé iú-hāi, kî-thaⁿ ê ē lâu tī si̍t-bu̍t-liān tang-tiong.\n\nLông-gia̍p-iōng Sat-thâng-che ê Hun-lūi\n---------------------------------------\n\nSat-thâng-che chin chē chióng, só͘-í ū chin chē bô-kâng ê hun-lūi hong-sek:\n\n* Chiàu sú-iōng hong-sek hun:\n\t+ Hē-thóng-sèng: chham ti̍t-bu̍t kap-chò-hóe. Thâng-thōa kā ti̍t-bu̍t chia̍h--khì ê sî ē sūn-sòa khip-siu sat-thâng-che.\n\t+ Chiap-chhiok-sèng: thâng-thōa chham ti̍t-bu̍t ti̍t-chiap chiap-sio̍k ê sî-chūn, ē khip-siu-tio̍h sat-thâng-che. Tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kah hóe-hun-che chò-hóe iōng.\n* Chiàu lâi-goân hun-lūi:\n\t+ Thian-jiân: thian-jiân ê lông-gia̍p sat-thâng-che, chhiūⁿ nî-ko-tin kah âng-hoe pyrethrum, sī ùi ti̍t-bu̍t chū-jiân chè-chō--chhut-lâi--ê.\n\t+ Bû-ki: chham kim-sio̍k ha̍p-sêng, pau-koat arsenate, tâng chham hut-sò͘ ê ha̍p-sêng (chió iōng) chham liû-hông (chia̍p-chia̍p iōng).\n\t+ Iú-ki: hiān-chhú-sî siōng ū bī-lâi-sèng ê sat-thâng-che.\n* Chiàu hòa-ha̍k te̍k-sèng hun-lūi:\n\t+ Iú-ki iâm-sò͘ sat-thâng-che\n\t+ Iú-ki lîn sat-thâng-che\n\t+ Carbamate lūi sat-thâng-che\n\t+ Khòng-bu̍t-sèng sat-thâng-che\n* Chiàu chok-iōng ki-chè: chok-iōng ki-chè sī lēng-gōa chi̍t-chióng kā sat-thâng-che hun-lūi ê hong-sek. Ē-tàng ùi sat-thâng-che ê chok-iōng ki-chè liáu-kái io̍h-che tùi bo̍k-phiau hāi-thâng ê chó͘-hāi chok-iōng-tiám, mā ē-tàng lī-iōng io̍h-che ki-chè ê bô-kâng lâi chè-tēng hāi-bu̍t hông-tī ê chhek-lio̍k, lâi phiah-bián tan-it io̍h-che ê liân-sòa sú-iōng chō-sêng hāi-bu̍t ê nāi-io̍h-sèng he̍k-chiá-sī khòng-io̍h-sèng lâi sán-seng.\n\nKa-iōng Sat-thâng-che ê Hun-lūi\n-------------------------------\n\n \n\nThong-siông ē chè-sêng chhiūⁿ pe̍h-hiā-hún ê hún-che. Hông-tī pe̍h-hiā tio̍h-ài sú-iōng ū thoân-jiám-sèng koh bān-sèng ê pe̍h-hiā-hún, tio̍h sī lī-iōng pe̍h-hiā pún-sin ê nn̄g-tōa phiah-sèng lâi thòaⁿ-khui.\n\nChu-liāu Lâi-goân\n-----------------","meta":{"title":"Sat-thâng-che","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1235,2777,0.44472452286640257],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3277}} -{"text":"**Lûn-lí-ha̍k** sī tiat-ha̍k ê 1-ê hun-ki, lûn-lí-ha̍k gián-kiù ê bo̍k-tek sī beh liáu-kái tō-tek ê pún-chit, piān-pia̍t sím-mi̍h sī tio̍h, sím-mi̍h sī m̄-tio̍h--ê. Tī Se-kok thoân-thóng lāi-té, lûn-lí-ha̍k ū-sî-chūn hông kiò-chò tō-tek tiat-ha̍k(Eng-gí: *moral philosophy*). Phó-thong ēng \"lûn-lí-ha̍k\" chit-ê jī-sû, sī chí gián-kiù hām hun-sek sī-hui (tio̍h kap m̄-tio̍h), hó kap pháiⁿ ê ha̍k-kho.\n\nLûn-lí-ha̍k It-poaⁿ ê chióng-mn̂g\n---------------------------------\n\n**Lûn-lí-ha̍k** ê kài-hān chin khoah, m̄-koh ē-tàng iok-kî-lio̍k kā hun-chò **aū-siat lûn-lí-ha̍k**(Eng-gí: *meta-ethics*) kap **kui-hoān lûn-lí-ha̍k**(Eng-gí: *normative ethics*) chit 2-ki.\n\nChóng--sī lán hán-tit kóng toh-chi̍t-ê ha̍k-chiá sī aū-siat lûn-lí-ha̍k-chiá ia̍h kui-hoān lûn-lí-ha̍k-chiá, toā-pō·-hūn ê lûn-lí-ha̍k-chiá ê tù-chok lāi-té, chit 2-pō·-hūn lóng ē ke-ke-kiám-kiám siá--tio̍h.\n\n### Aū-siat lûn-lí-ha̍k\n\n**Aū-siat lûn-lí-ha̍k** gián-kiù--ê, sī lûn-lí seng-bêng ê pún-chit. Iā-chiū-sī choan-mn̂g tùi ū tō-tek phoàⁿ-toān ê koan-liām chò hun-sek ê lûn-lí-ha̍k-kho. In-ūi 20-sè-kí gí-giân tiat-ha̍k kap hun-sek tiat-ha̍k ê éng-hióng choaⁿ-á toā-heng.\n### Kui-hoān lûn-lí-ha̍k\n\n**Kui-hoān lûn-lí-ha̍k** sī khe-khó sím-mi̍h-khoán ê tō-tek (kui-hoān) hām phoàⁿ-toān sī hó--ê (chèng-gī--ê, tio̍h--ê téng-téng) ê lûn-lí-ha̍k-kho.\nKui-hoān lûn-lí-ha̍k tō chhin-chhiūⁿ aū-siat lûn-lí-ha̍k kap si̍t-iōng lûn-lí-ha̍k tiong-kan ê 1-tiâu kiô, chit-ê ha̍k-kho ti̍t-ti̍t teh cháu-chhoē si̍t-iōng ê tō-tek piau-chún, hō· lâng ē-tàng piān-pia̍t ti̍oh kap m̄-tio̍h, koh lâng beh án-choáⁿ chiah ē-tàng koè ū tō-tek ê seng-oa̍h.\n\nSi̍t-iōng lûn-lí-ha̍k\n---------------------\n\n**Si̍t-iōng lûn-lí-ha̍k** sī kā aū-siat lûn-lí-ha̍k kap kui-hoān lûn-lí-ha̍k gián-kiù ê sêng-chek, chìn-chi̍t-pō· khoàⁿ tī hiān-tāi si̍t-hêng ē ū sím-mi̍h būn-tê, koh ē ha̍h bē ha̍h ê ha̍k-kho.\n\nNā chiàu si̍t-hêng ê bô-kâng kài-hān lâi hun, siōng-bô ū ē-kha chiah-ê hun-ki:\n\n* Sèⁿ-miā lûn-lí-ha̍k\n* I-liâu lûn-lí-ha̍k\n* Khoân-kéng lûn-lí-ha̍k\n* Keng-chè lûn-lí-ha̍k\n* Chu-sìn lûn-lí-ha̍k","meta":{"title":"Lûn-lí-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[109,1983,0.054967221381744834],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2347}} -{"text":"Pas-taai, Biâu-le̍k Lâm-chng\n**Pas-taai** sī Saisiyat-cho̍k siōng-tōa ê chè-lé, gôan-té sī 1-tang pān 1-pái, Ji̍t-pún-sî-tāi chiah kái-chò 2-tang pān 1-pái. 10-tang ē pān 1-pái \"10-nî tōa-chè\".\n\nChit-ê chè-lé kap é-lâng ê bông-lêng ū koan-hē, só·-í Hàn-jîn kā kóng-chò **É-lêng-chè**.\n\nÉ-lâng ê kò·-sū\n---------------\n\nChiâⁿ-kú chìn-chêng, Saisiyat-cho̍k khiā-khí ê só·-chāi, tùi-hōaⁿ ū tòa 1-tīn sin-kôan khah-bô 3-chhioh ê é-lâng, in put-chí-á khiáu, chhiùⁿ-koa kap thiàu-bú mā chin gâu. É-lâng khòaⁿ-tio̍h Saisiyat-cho̍k-lâng ê thó·-tē chin sán, tō kà in án-chóaⁿ choh-chhân, tī chò siu-sêng ê chè-lé ê sî, mā ē iau-chhiáⁿ Saisiyat-cho̍k ê lâng lâi chham-ka. M̄-koh é-lâng chiâⁿ hòⁿ-thit, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ chhōe ki-hōe kā Saisiyat-cho̍k ê hū-jîn-lâng gio̍h-sio̍h, cho̍k-lâng sui-jiân chiâⁿ gîn, chóng--sī m̄-káⁿ pàng-siaⁿ.\n\nŪ chi̍t-pái, chi̍t-tīn é-lâng iū-koh teh kā 1-ê cha-bó·-gín-a gio̍h-sio̍h, Saisiyat-cho̍k ê siàu-liân-lâng bē-kham-tit khì, choaⁿ-á kā é-lâng beh ēng lâi kòe khe, hit-tiâu soaⁿ-gî-pê chò ê chhiū-kiô téng-kôan chhòng-khang. Tng-tang chit-tīn é-lâng kiâⁿ chiūⁿ kiô, thiaⁿ-tio̍h chhiū-oe tn̄g--khì ê siaⁿ ê sî, iáu liōng-kóng hē sī chit-pò·-ki ê siaⁿ, kiat-kó é-lâng lóng-chóng po̍ah loeh tū-chúi-sí, kan-taⁿ 2-ê é-lâng tô-o̍ah.\n\nChit-2-ê é-lâng kā kà-sī Saisiyat-cho̍k-lâng ê tāi-chì 1-hāng 1-hāng pian-chò koa-sû, kà Saisiyat-cho̍k-lâng chhiùⁿ, koh kéng-kò in tio̍h chiàu iok-sok pān kì-liām é-lâng ê chè-lé, chhiùⁿ é-lâng kà ê koa, bô tō ē tú-tio̍h pháiⁿ-nî-tang, sīm-chì kui-cho̍k bia̍t-bông. Kóng soah, tō iân khe-hōaⁿ ǹg tang-pêng lī-khui, ná kiâⁿ ná kā kong-lông-chú ê hio̍h-á liah--khui, ná chiù-chhàm. Saisiyat-cho̍k-lâng ūi-tio̍h beh hō· é-lâng ê òan-hūn tiāⁿ--lo̍h-lâi, kiam beh kiû in ê gôan-liōng, choaⁿ-á kā pún-té ê siu-sêng-chè kái chò Pas-taai ( É-lêng-chè ).\n\nPas-taai ê pō·-sò·\n------------------\n\nÙi lâm-chè-thôan chih-chiap é-lêng khí-kó·, keh-tńg-kang chiah koh ǹg pak ngiâ-chih é-lêng. Lâm kap pak 2-ê chè-thôan lóng ēng 3-mê 3-ji̍t, chú-iàu ê khám-chām chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ ē-bīn:\n\n* **Kiat koaⁿ-bang iok-tēng chè-lé ê sî-kan**\n\nChè-lé chìn-chêng 1,2 -kó·-go̍eh lâm pak 2-ê chè-thôan ē tī Lâm-chng ê khe-piⁿ khui-hōe, koat-tēng Pas-taai ê sî-kan.\n* **Chhiáⁿ sîn**\n\nPas-taai tē-it-kang thàu-chá, chú-chè ē chhōa cho̍k-lâng, Bīn ǹg tang chhiùⁿ chio-chhiáⁿ ê koa, chih-chiap é-lêng, hū-jîn-lâng cheng bí kiû hó-nî-tang. Hit-àm chha-put-to 7-tiám, chú-chè ē chhōa-thâu, koh chhiùⁿ-koa thiàu-bú ngiâ-chih é-lêng.\n* **Àn-nāi é-lêng**\n\nTē-2 àm, ēng koa kap bú hôe-siūⁿ éng-kòe kap é-lâng tàu-tīn ê chêng-hêng.\n* **Hùn-sī**\n\nTē-2 kang poàⁿ-mê 12-tiám, chú-chè khiā tī tōa-phiàn chhân-tē tiong-ng, hùn-sī cho̍k-lâng, chhiùⁿ **walowalon** ( Lûi-lú (雷女) ê koa ). Lóng-chóng ê lâng tio̍h khiā chiàⁿ, sī kui-ê chè-lé lāi-té siōng giâm-siok ê sî-chūn.\n* **Sàng é-lêng**\n\nTē-3 àm khai-sí sàng sîn ê koa-bú, it-ti̍t kah tē-4 kang thiⁿ phah-phú-kng chiah soah.\n* **Kô· thô·-môai, thiàu kôan lia̍h koaⁿ-bang kap kā chin-chhiū chhâ ê kè-á phah hō· pháiⁿ**\n\nÙi tē-4 kang thàu-chá ū sio-liân-sòa ê tián-lé khí -khiàn. Kô· thô·-môai ū chok-chhái ê lō·-iōng, thiàu kôan lia̍h koaⁿ-bang tāi-piáu hit-1-tang ê hok-khì. Kā chin-chhiū chhâ ê kè-á phah pháiⁿ ū kā é-lêng kóaⁿ cháu ê í-sù.\n* **Chū-hōe ùi-lô**\n\nTián-lé soah liáu-āu, ta̍k-ê ka-cho̍k lim-chiú, chia̍h chu̍t-bí-ko.\n* **Khe-piⁿ sàng é-lêng**\n\nTián-lé ê keh-tńg-kang, Tōa-e̍h (大隘) ê cho̍k-lâng, tioh khì kàu é-lêng khiā ê pōng-khang tùi-hōaⁿ ê khe-piⁿ sàng--in. In tī khe-piⁿ hiàn-chè, hang-bah, chhiùⁿ-koa thiàu-bú, kap chêng kúi-kang ê giâm-siok pi-ai ôan-chôan koh-iūⁿ. Kah chia, Pas-taai chiah sǹg-sī chóng soah.","meta":{"title":"Pas-taai","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[208,3499,0.059445555873106605],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4123}} -{"text":"Phaù hó ê ka-pi\n**Ka-pi** (咖啡), iah **ko-pi** (㗝呸) sī ka-pi-châng ê koé-chí ka-pi-taū, keng-koè chhú-lí liáu, iōng sio-chúi phaù chhut-lâi ê ím-liāu.\n\nKa-pi ê le̍k-sú\n---------------\n\nKa-pi siāng-chá sī chhut-sán tī *Ethiopia* (埃塞俄比亚) sai-lâm hong ê Kaffa koân-phiâⁿ tē-khu. Ū 1-chióng thôan-soat kóng, gôan-pún ū 1-ê kò· iûⁿ-á ê sin-lô (Hàn-jī :牧羊人) tī-leh bô-ì-tiong hoat-hiān iûⁿ-á nā-sī chia̍h-tio̍h 1-chióng si̍t-bu̍t liáu-āu, ta̍k-pái piàn-kah hui-siông ê hèng-hùn, sì-kè cháu, phut-phut-thiàu, chit-chióng si̍t-bu̍t to̍h-sī ka-pi. Lēng-gōa mā-ū lâng kóng sī ka-pi-nâ tio̍h-hóe-sio liáu-āu, chháu-hóe-hun bī ín-khí chāi-tē lâng ê chù-ì, chū-án-ne soah-lâi hoat-hiān ka-pi chit-chióng mi̍h-á. Siāng-chá hit-chūn, lán lâng pō· ka-pi-tāu sī beh thê-sîn, āu--lâi keng-kòe hang, géng-bôa, chiah-koh lām mī-hún lo̍h-khí chò-chiâⁿ mī-pau. Kā chit-khóan mī-pau hō· chiàn-tiûⁿ téng ê ióng-sū chia̍h-kòe liáu-āu, to̍h ē-tàng thê-seng in chok-chiàn ê ióng-khì. Kàu-kah kong-gôan 1000 nî chó-iū, chiah khai-sí iōng chúi lâi kā chú chiâⁿ ím-liāu. Kong-gôan 13 sè-kí ê sî-chūn, *Ethiopia* ê kun-tūi chhim-lio̍k *Yemen* (也门), ka-pi mā liû-thôan kàu Arab (阿拉伯) ê só·-chāi. Hit-tng-sî Islam (伊斯兰) kàu-gī kìm-chí kàu-tô· chia̍h-chiú, ū-ê chong-kàu-kài ê jîn-sū jīn-ûi ka-pi chit-chióng ím-liāu ē chhì-kek lâng ê sîn-keng, hām kàu-gī bô-ha̍h, in-chhú kìm-chí jîn-bîn keng-êng ka-pi-tiàm. Āu--lâi, *Egypt* (埃及) kah *The Sudan* (苏丹), jīn-ûi che bô-sǹg ûi-pōe kàu-gī, in chhú-siau kìm-lēng, chū án-ne, ka-pi mā chin-kín tī *Arab* tē-khu sî-kiâⁿ--khí-lâi. Ka-pi (咖啡, Coffee) chit-ê miâ-sû, to̍h-sī tùi *Qahwa* (阿拉伯语) thòaⁿ--chhut-lâi-ê, ì-sù sī \"si̍t-bu̍t ím-liāu\". Āu--lâi, thôan khì Thó·-ní-kî píⁿ-chiâⁿ \"Kahve\", che mā-sī Au-chiu (Europe) gí-giân tang-tiong piau-sī \"coffee\" chit-ê sû ê bú-gí. Ah, ka-pi chèng-choh, ka-kang ê chhiú-gē mā tit-tio̍h A-la-pek lâng put-tōan ê kái-chìn kah ôan-siān.\n\nKa-pi-châng\n-----------\n\n *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nKa-pi-taū ê chhú-lí\n-------------------\n\n *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\n### Hang ka-pi-taū\n\n### Boâ ka-pi-taū\n\n### Phaù ka-pi","meta":{"title":"Ka-pi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2051,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2439}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Chiuⁿ-pà |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Mammalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Carnivora |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Felidae |\n| A-kho: | Pantherinae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Neofelis* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***N. nebulosa*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Neofelis nebulosa***(Griffith, 1821) |\n|\n|\n|\n| Siâng-ì-miâ |\n| *Felis macrocelis**Felis marmota* |\n| Se-thoàⁿ tē-kài |\n\n**Chiuⁿ-pà** ê ha̍k-miâ hō-chò *Neofelis nebulosa*, sī 1-chíong tiong-hêng ê niau-kho tōng-bu̍t, tn̂g-tō· tī 60 kàu 110-kong-hun chi-kan, thé-tāng chha-put-to 11 kàu 20-kong-kin.\n\n**Chiuⁿ-pà** mā hō· lâng kiò-chò **o·-hûn-pà**, **niau-pà**.\n\nChiuⁿ-pà seng-khu sī ka-pi-sek hām thô·-sek--ê, téng-thâu ū chin tia̍t-sû ê hoe-chháu, sī 1-tè 1-tè hêng-chōng bô-it-tēng, kîⁿ-á khah àm-sek ê tn̂g-ko-îⁿ. It-poaⁿ hō· lâng khoàⁿ-chò chhin-chhīuⁿ hûn, só·-í tī Hoâ-gí kap Eng-gí lāi-té, i ê miâ lóng choaⁿ-á kap hûn ū tī-tāi.\n\nChiuⁿ-pà ê thâu-khak-oáⁿ ê kiat-kò· hām kāng-kho ê tōng-bu̍t lóng bô-kâng, só·-í tī tōng-bu̍t-ha̍k sī kā tòng-chò to̍k-li̍p ê 1-ê sio̍k.\n\nHun-pò· ê khu-he̍k\n------------------\n\nChiuⁿ-pà seng-oa̍h ê khu-he̍k chú-iàu sī tī Tang-lâm-a, pau-koah Lâm-Tiong-kok, Himalaya Soaⁿ-lêng tang-pō·, hām Ìn-nî Kûn-tó téng-téng.\n\nChiuⁿ-pà kah-ì tī jia̍t-tài kap a-jia̍t-tài, chha-put-to hái-poa̍t 2,000 kong-chhioh ê chhīu-nâ lāi-té seng-oa̍h, m̄-koh ū-sî-chūn mā ē tī âng-chhīu-nâ ê làm-tē hām chháu-po· khoàⁿ--tio̍h.\n\nChiuⁿ-pà ê a-chéng\n------------------\n\nChiuⁿ-pà tī hun-pō· ê ta̍k-só·-chāi, koh ū chē-chē khoán ê a-chéng, kî-tiong ū 4-chíong khah chhut-miâ--ê, che lāi-té ê Tâi-oân chiuⁿ-pà (*Neofelis nebulosa brachyurus*) chin ū khó-lêng í-keng khu̍t-chèng--khì-ah:\n\n* *Neofelis nebulosa brachyurus*: Hun-pò· tī Tâi-oân. Hō-chò **Tâi-oân chiuⁿ-pà**.\n* *Neofelis nebulosa diardi*: Hun-pò· tī Ìn-nî.\n* *Neofelis nebulosa macrosceloides*: Hun-pò· tī Nepal kàu Myanmar.\n* *Neofelis nebulosa nebulosa*: Hun-pò· tī Lâm-Tiong-kok.","meta":{"title":"Chiuⁿ-pà","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[472,1703,0.27715795654726955],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2238}} -{"text":"**\"Tâi-ôan Ū Kôan Ka-ji̍p Liân-ha̍p-kok\" ê Soan-giân** sī Tâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hōe tī 2007 nî 12 goe̍h 7 hoat-piáu ê soan-giân, ēng 3 chióng gí-giân, 4 chióng pán-pún hoat-piáu.\n\nChoân-bûn\n---------\n\n\"Tâi-ôan Ū Kôan Ka-ji̍p Liân-ha̍p-kok\"\n\nKià hō͘ Liân-ha̍p-kok kok hōe-ôan-kok tāi-piáu, sè-kài àì hô-pêng ê kok-ka jîn-bîn, kap phó͘͘-sè ê kàu-hōe: \n\nTī Liân-ha̍p-kok 59-nî-chêng hoat-piáu \"Jîn-kôan Soan-giân\" ê chiân-se̍k, pún Tâi-ôan Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hōe, kun-kù i ê 1977-nî \"Jîn-kôan Soan-giân\" kap 1985-nî \"Sìn-gióng Kò-pe̍k\" ê cheng-sîn, hoat-piáu ē-bīn ê soan-giân:\n\nTùi 1945-nî, Tē-2-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn kiat-sok liáu-āu, chôan-kiû hō͘ lâng kóan ê si̍t-bîn-tōe jîn-bîn, chiàu chū-koat ê ki-pún jîn-kôan, saⁿ-kè-sio̍k cheng-chhú tio̍h chòe to̍k-li̍p kok-ka ê toē-ūi. To̍k-to̍k Tâi-ôan 2300-bān jîn-bîn, it-ti̍t kàu kim-jît in eng-kai ū ê kok-chè jîn-keh, iáu pī hut-lio̍k, siū pâi-tû tī Liân-ha̍p-kok tōa-mn̂g-gōa. Che m̄-nā hián-chhut Liân-ha̍p-kok \"Sè-kài Jîn-kôan Soan-giân\", iáu bô lo̍k-si̍t chôan-kiû--ni̍h, siōng-chhiáⁿ lō͘-chhut Liân-ha̍p-kok tùi Tâi-ôan jîn-bîn ki-pún jîn-kôan ê chhim-hāi. \n\nTâi-ôan jîn-bîn sui-jiân tāi-tāi siū gōa-lâi si̍t-bîn thóng-tī khiok ōe-tit-thang ēng bô liû-hiat ê bîn-chú thêng-sū, tī 1996-nî tē-it-pái keng-iû jîn-bîn ti̍t-sóan Tâi-ôan ê chóng-thóng. M̄-nā kan-ta án-ni, koh tī 2000-nî, tī hô-pêng-tiong ôan-sêng chèng-kôan ê î-chóan, chiū-sī iû pún-thó͘ chèng-thôan \"Bîn-chú Chìn-pō͘-tóng\" chip-chèng, lâi thè-ōaⁿ ēng kài-giâm si̍t-bîn thóng-tī sò͘-cha̍p-nî ê \"Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng\". Taⁿ kin-á-ji̍t Tâi-ôan jîn-bîn kiông-lia̍t iàu-kiû ēng Tâi-ôan ê miâ-gī ka-ji̍p Liân-ha̍p-kok. \n\nChóng--sī Tâi-ôan sai-pêng ê kiông-kôan Tiong-kok, ēng ah-pà ê chok-hong khòng-chè kok-chè siā-hōe, it-chài bú-jio̍k, táⁿ-ap, koh ko͘-li̍p Tâi-ôan, tì-kàu Tâi-ôan ê ki-pún jîn-kôan siū thún-ta̍h. Tùi án-ni góan kám-kak pi-siong ê hùn-khài, nā-sī góan iáu-kú khak-sìn jîn-kôan sī Siōng-tè só͘-sù, Tâi-ôan ū kôan ka-ji̍p Liân-ha̍p-kok, hō͘ Tâi-ôan jîn-bîn ê chun-giâm siū kok-chè siā-hōe, tit eng-kai ū ê chun-tiōng.\n\nIn-ūi án-ni góan kiōng-kèng sêng-khún, koh giân-siok-tōe hiòng Liân-ha̍p-kok kok hōe-ôan-kok tāi-piáu, sè-kài ài kong-gī hô-pêng ê kok-ka jîn-bîn, kap phó͘-sè ê kàu-hōe ho͘-io̍k: Chhiáⁿ ióng-kám ūi pī kū-cho̍at tī Liân-ha̍p-kok mn̂g-gōa ê Tâi-ôan-lâng chú-chhî chèng-gī, chi-chhî koh chhiok-sêng hō͘ Tâi-ôan chiâⁿ-chòe Liân-ha̍p-kok ê hōe-ôan-kok, kiōng-tông lâi chhiok-chìn kong-gī kap sè-kài hô-pêng.\n\n\"Sè-kan-lâng ah, Siōng-Chú bat chí-sī lí sím-mi̍h sī hó, I ài lí sím-mi̍h? To̍k-to̍k ài lí kiâⁿ kong-gī, sim chûn lîn-bín, khiam-pi kap lí ê Siōng-tè saⁿ-kap kiâⁿ.\" (Bí-ka 6:8)\n\nGōan Siōng-tè chiok-hok Liân-ha̍p-kok, sè-kài kok-kok jîn-bîn, kap phó͘-sè ê kàu-hōe. Amen \n\n \n\nTâi-ôan Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hōe Chóng-hōe\n\nGī-tiúⁿ: Phoaⁿ Khèng-chiong\n\nChóng-kàn-sū: Tiuⁿ Tek-khiam\n\n2007-nî 12-go̍eh 7-ji̍t","meta":{"title":"\"Tâi-ôan Ū Kôan Ka-ji̍p Liân-ha̍p-kok\" ê Soan-giân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2811,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3228}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Thó͘-tī-kong-koái |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Zingiberales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Costaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Costus* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***C. speciosus*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Costus speciosus***(J.Koenig) C.D.Specht, 2006 |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\nThó͘-tī-kong-koái ê hoe\n**Thó͘-tī-kong-koái** he̍k kiò-chò **chúi-chio-hoe** (Hàn-jī: 土地公拐, 水蕉花; Hôa-gí: 閉鞘薑, 絹毛鳶尾; Eng-gí: crepe ginger, wild ginger; ha̍k-miâ: *Costus speciosus* ) sī to-nî-seng chháu-pún si̍t-bu̍t. Tī Tâi-oân hun-pò· tī tiong-pō·, lâm-pō· ê pêⁿ-tē kàu kē-hái-poa̍t ê soaⁿ-khu; seng-tióng tī chhia-lō·-piⁿ he̍k chhiu-nâ-kîⁿ. Kui-kang ū-ji̍t he̍k pòaⁿ-kang ū-ji̍t sī i kah-ì ê seng-tióng khoân-kéng. Hoe-kî ùi la̍k-go̍eh kàu cha̍p-jī-go̍eh.\n\nHêng-thāi\n---------\n\nŪ kho·-pé-khoán ê tē-hā cháu-keng, lāu-hòe-á-ki tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ē hun-chhe-khui-ki.\n\nHio̍h-á hō·-seng, tiāⁿ iân keng pâi-lia̍t chò kńg-lê-hêng ê se̍h-lê-thui ê khoán-iūⁿ; hio̍h-á pho̍ah-chiam-hêng, kha-chiah-phiaⁿ hit-pêng moa jiông-á-mo·.\n\nHoe pe̍h-sek, ū-sî-á chhián-chhián ê hún-âng-sek; hoe-koan lio̍h-lio̍h-á oai-khi ê lêng-liang-khoán, ti̍t-kèng ē-sái tōa-kàu 60 mm; sūi-chōng hoa-sū ba̍t-chi̍p téng-seng.\n\nKóe-chí sī sok-kó (蒴果), lio̍h-lio̍h-á chiâⁿ kiû-hêng, ū 3 chōa lêng-sòaⁿ, go̍k-phìⁿ siù-chûn (萼片宿存); kóe-chí ta-tiú pìⁿ âng-sek. \n\nChéng-chí sī o·-sek--ê.","meta":{"title":"Thó͘-tī-kong-koái","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[206,1276,0.1614420062695925],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1654}} -{"text":"Ēng Pak-hong-ōe La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī pheng-siá ê Tāi-chiòng Pò (Dazhong Bao 大眾報)\n**La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī** (Ē-mn̂g-ōe La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī: **Latinxua Sin Bhundzi**; Pak-hong-ōe La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī: **Latinxua Sin Wenz**) sī 1930 nî-tāi kàu 1950 nî-tāi tiong-kan, tī Tiong-kiōng khòng-chè kap So͘-liân éng-hióng ê tē-khu lāi, hiòng Tiong-kok-lâng thui-hêng ê chi̍t chióng Hàn-gí pheng-im bûn-jī. Che sī ēng lô-má-jī pheng-siá Hàn-gí ê tiōng-iàu hong-àn chi-it. 1944 nî liáu-āu, pī Tiong-kiōng hòe-chí. La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī bat chhiok-chìn Tiong-kok bûn-jī kái-kek ūn-tōng ê hoat-tián.\n\nLa-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī tī 1931 nî tī Hái-sim-ui kí-hêng ê Tiong-kok Sin Bûn-jī Tē-it-chhù Tāi-piáu Tāi-hōe tiong sán-seng. 1932 nî, Siōng-hái-ōe La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī kong-pò͘ thui-hêng, lo̍h-bóe kái hō-chò Kang-lâm-ōe La-teng-ōe Sin Bûn-jī. 1933 nî liáu-āu, kóng-hoàn tī Tiong-kok kok-tē1 thui-kóng, 1955 nî thêng-chí sú-iōng.\n\nLa-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī hong-àn ê te̍k-tiám sī bô piau-kì siaⁿ-tiāu.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Pak-hong-ōe La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī\n* Sù-chhoan-ōe La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī\n* Iông-chiu-ōe La-teng-hòa Jī-bó-piáu\n* Ē-mn̂g-ōe La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Overview of Latinxua Sinwenz","meta":{"title":"La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[166,1160,0.14310344827586208],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1374}} -{"text":" Ernest Rutherford\n**Ernest Rutherford** (1871 nî 8 goe̍h 30 – 1937 nî 10 goe̍h 19) sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka.\n\nErnest Rutherford tī Sin Jia̍t-lân-jia oá Nelson ê Brightwater chhut-sì. I tī hia tha̍k bu̍t-lí-ha̍k kap sò͘-ha̍k. 1895 nî i khì kàu Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê Cambridge Tāi-ha̍k kè-sio̍k chò gián-kiù. 1898 nî khì tī Canada ê Montreal kà-chheh, 1907 nî khì Manchester Tāi-ha̍k kà-chheh. 1908 nî the̍h tio̍h Nobel Hoà-ha̍k Chióng. 1919 nî hū-chek Cavendish Si̍t-giām-sek. \n\nErnest Rutherford thê-chhut goân-chú kúi-tō lí-lūn, koh chhoē tio̍h hòng-siā-sèng ê goân-thâu; sī hu̍t-chú bu̍t-lí-ha̍k ê sian-hêng-chiá.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 66546175\n* LCCN: n50024959\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2137 3664\n* GND: 118750488\n* SELIBR: 318218\n* SUDOC: 027711978\n* BNF: cb123759185 (data)\n* BIBSYS: 3011863\n* MusicBrainz: e3a26aeb-272e-48ce-aa55-32063ffc8391\n* MGP: 50699\n* NLA: 35183523\n* NDL: 00551327\n* NKC: skuk0004924\n* BNE: XX1468782\n* CiNii: DA05916938\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ernest Rutherford","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[286,884,0.3235294117647059],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1125}} -{"text":"**Gī-hōe keng-lí-lâng chèng-hú hêng-sek** (*council–manager government form*) sī Bí-kok nn̄g khoán chú-liû ê tē-hng chèng-hú hêng-sek chi it (lēng-gōa chi̍t khoán sī chhī-tiúⁿ gī-hōe chèng-hú). Gī-hōe keng-lí-lâng chèng-hú tī Bí-kok ê kūn chèng-hú mā ū leh ēng. Tī Kha-ná-tah kap Ài-ní-lân mā ū chit khoán chèng-hú leh ūn-choán.\n\nHêng-sek\n--------\n\nGī-hōe keng-lí-lâng hêng-sek kap kong-khai kong-si (*public company*) ū beh kâng. Chit khoán hêng-sek ū siat chi̍t-ê soán-kí sán-seng ê tī-lí ki-koan, it-poaⁿ hō chò *council* (\"gī-hōe\"), iā *board of aldermen* téng-téng, sī hū-chek tī li̍p-hoat-khoân lō͘-iōng pí-lūn kiàn-li̍p chèng-chhek, tē-hng tiâu-lē (*local ordinance*), tâu-phiò koat-tēng hun-phòe (*appropriation*), kap hoat-tián lí-sióng, kap kong-si ê táng-sū-hōe beh kâng.\n\nLi̍p-hoat ki-koan chí-tēng chi̍t-ê choan-gia̍p ê keng-lí-lâng (*manager*) khì kàn-tok hêng-chèng ūn-choán, si̍t-hêng chèng-chhek, kiam thê-chhut ì-kiàn. Chit-ê keng-lí-lâng ê khang-khòe toh kap kong-si ê chi̍t-hêng-tiúⁿ (CEO) beh kâng. Ùi pún khoán hêng-sek ê chèng-hú, \"chhī-tiúⁿ\" (*mayor*) ūi tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī gî-sek sèng-chit ê hâm-thâu, ē-tàng tùi gī-hōe gī-oân lāi-té kéng, mā ū keng-kòe soán-kí soán chò bô chi̍t-hêng lō͘-iōng ê gī-oân, kap kong-si bô chi̍t-hêng khoân ê chóng-chhâi beh kâng.","meta":{"title":"Gī-hōe keng-lí-lâng chèng-hú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1246,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1453}} -{"text":"**Ka-tī** ia̍h **ka-kī** sī chi̍t-ê kò-thé tùi i kò-jîn pún-sin ê jīn-ti khài-liām.\n\nSiā-hōe-ha̍k lí-lūn\n-------------------\n\nCharles Horton Cooley thê-chhut kiàⁿ lāi ka-tī (eng. *looking-glass self*) ê khài-liām, jin-ûi lâng tùi ka-tī ê jīn-sek sī tī jîn-chè kau-liû chi tiong hoat-tián seⁿ-sêng--ê, mā sī hoán-èng pa̍t-lâng ê khoàⁿ-hoat. \n\nGeorge Herbert Mead thê chhut it-poaⁿ-hoà tha-chiá (*generalized other*) ê koan-liām, kóng lâng ē kā kûn-thé lāi-bīn kò-piat ê tha-jîn ha̍p chò chi̍t-ê chéng-thé, pēng-chiá hoán-èng chit-ê chéng-thé tùi ka-tī ê thāi-tō͘.\n\nLēng-goā, Erving Goffman mā thê chhut ìn-siòng koán-lí (*impression management*) ê koan-tiám, jîn-ûi lâng ē khó-lū pat-lâng ê koan-kám, tio̍h ná chhiūⁿ chò-hì lâi piáu-hiān ka-tī siūⁿ-beh hō͘ lâng kám-siū ê ka-tī.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Siā-hoē-hoà\n* Jīn-ti\n* Ì-sek\n* Sim-lí\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Richard T. Schaefer. *Sociology* (9 pán.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-295299-7.","meta":{"title":"Ka-tī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[101,861,0.1173054587688734],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1060}} -{"text":"**Ka-èng Ti̍t-lē-chiu** (Hàn-jī: 嘉應直隸州), kán-chheng **Ka-èng-chiu** (嘉應州), sī Chheng-kok Kńg-tang-séng ê chi̍t ê ti̍t-lē-chiu.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Chheng-kok\n\nIong-chèng 11 nî (1733 nî) seng Tiô-chiu-hú Têng-hiong-koān (程鄉縣) tī **Ka-èng Ti̍t-lē-chiu**, lé-sio̍k tī Kńg-tang-séng. Tī-sò͘ chāi taⁿ Mûi-chiu-chhī Mûi-kang-khu, ti̍t-hat goân-pún ê Têng-hiong koān-tē. Lēng hat goân-pún Tiô-chiu-hú ê Pêng-oán-koān (平遠縣), Tìn-pêng-koān (鎮平縣) kap Hūi-chiu-hú ê Heng-lêng-koān (興寧縣), Tiông-lo̍k-koān (長樂縣). \n\nKa-khèng 11 nî (1806), seng-ûi **Ka-èng-hú** (嘉應府).\n\nKa-khèng 17 nî (1812), koh kàng-ûi ti̍t-lē-chiu.\n\nKàu hit-sî, Ka-èng Ti̍t-lē-chiu ti̍t-hat kap hat-ē sì koān jû-hā:\n\n|  Chheng-kok Kńg-tang-séng\nKa-èng-chiu |  Tiong-kok Kńg-tang-séng\nMûi-chiu-chhī | Pī-chù |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| ti̍t-hat | Mûi-koān-khu, Mûi-kang-khu | goân Têng-hiong-koān |\n| Pêng-oán-koān (平遠縣) | Heng-lêng-chhī pak-pō͘ chió-sò͘ tē-khu kap Pêng-oán-koān | |\n| Tìn-pêng-koān (鎮平縣) | Chiau-niá-koān | |\n| Heng-lêng-koān (興寧縣) | Heng-lêng-chhī tōa-pō͘-hūn | |\n| Tiông-lo̍k-koān (長樂縣) | Ngó͘-hoâ-koān | |\n\n### Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok\n\nBîn-kok goân-nî (1912) kái-chò **Mûi-chiu** (梅州), sûi kàng-ûi **Mûi-koān** (梅縣).","meta":{"title":"Ka-èng Ti̍t-lē-chiu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[363,1108,0.3276173285198556],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1352}} -{"text":"Chhiūⁿ chit-khoán só-liān sī í-chá ēng lâi sok-po̍k lô͘-lē--ê.\n**Lô͘-lē chè-tō͘** sī chi̍t khoán keng-chè ê chè-tō͘. Tī chit-ê chè-tō͘ ē-kha, ū chi̍t-koá lâng sui-jiân tio̍h chò khang-khoè m̄-koh bô kang-chîⁿ hō͘--in, chit-hō lâng, tō sī *lô͘*.\n\nKin-kì gián-kiù, tī lâng ū bûn-jī tāi-seng, tō ū lô͘-lē chè-tō͘--ah. Chit-khoán chè-tō͘ chha-put-to tī ta̍k-ê bûn-hoà, tāi-lio̍k lóng ū, koh ū kúi-nā ê khoán-sek. Ū chi̍t-koá siā-hoē ū tēng koan-hē lô͘-lē ê hoat-lu̍t, ū-ê ê keng-chè tō sī kiàn-li̍p tī chit téng-bīn.\nHiān-chú-sî ê sè-kài, toā-pō͘-hūn kok-ka tēng hoat-lu̍t kìm-chí ū lô͘-lē. Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân tō ū siá-kóng lô͘-lē chè-tō͘ sī m̄-tio̍h--ê, chóng--sī tī chi̍t-koá kok-ka iû-goân ū bó͘-mih-khoán hêng-sek ê lô͘-lē.\n\nLô͘-lē ē-sái kóng sī bô jîn-koân ê lâng.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Historical survey > Slave-owning societies. *Encyclopædia Britannica.*\n2. ↑ BBC Millions 'forced into slavery'","meta":{"title":"Lô͘-lē chè-tō͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[97,904,0.10730088495575221],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1066}} -{"text":"**Lysistrata** sī Hi-lia̍p ê hí-chhut chok-ka Aristophanes siá ê hoán-chiàn chhiò-kio̍k. Siá-chok ê nî-tāi tī kong-goân-chêng 411-nî.\n\nChit-chhut hì ê chú-kak sī Lysistrata chhoā-thâu ê 1-tīn cha-bó·-lâng. In chò-hoé kā hē kong-ke chîⁿ-hāng ê chhù-the̍h chiàm--tiâu-leh, koh sûi-lâng lóng m̄ hām in ê ang-sài khùn, thàu-koè chiah-ê chhiú-lō·, choaⁿ-á kā Peloponnesos Chiàn-cheng tòng-tiām, khoe-ho̍k hô-pêng.\n\nLysistrata kó·-chhui Sparta, Boeotia kap Corinth ê hū-jîn-lâng lâi tàu chi-chhî, chiah-ê hū-jîn-lâng chi̍t-khí-khiàn lóng tùi Lysistrata ê kiàn-gī: mài kap ang-sài khùn (mài kiâⁿ-pâng) kám-kak gông-gia̍h, m̄-koh boé--ah lóng tông-ì koh chiù-choā beh tàu-saⁿ-kāng.\n\nHì-bûn mā khan-sia̍p-tio̍h cha-bó·-lâng kám ē-ēng-tit chham-ka tī siā-hoē kap chèng-chhek chè-tēng lāi-té, chiah-ê tāi-chì hit-tang-chūn sī cha-po·-lâng chiah ū ê koân, lán ē-sái tī Lysistrata hām lâi háⁿ-heh--in ê koaⁿ-oân ê tùi-oē lāi-té, khoàⁿ-tio̍h chit-khoán thó-lūn.\n\nHì lāi-té siōng-kài khoe-hâi ê só·-chāi, sī chú-iàu ê cha-po· ián-oân chhēng lān-chiáu-hêng ê hì-saⁿ, lâi piáu-hiān lâm-sèng ê kò·-sèng.\n\nChit-chhut hì aū--lâi tī 1953-nî, hō· Hoat-kok ê kàm-tok Christian Jaque phah-chò tiān-iáⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Lysistrata","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1180,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1348}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Gōng-á-soa |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Georgia Súi-cho̍k-koán ê kiàn-pún. |\n| Pó-io̍k chōng-hóng |\n| Gûi-kip （IUCN 2.3） |\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Chondrichthyes |\n| A-kong: | Elasmobranchii |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Orectolobiformes |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | **Rhincodontidae** |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | ***Rhincodon***Smith, 1829 |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***R. typus*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Rhincodon typus***(Smith, 1828) |\n|\n|\n|\n| Gōng-á-soa ê hun-pò͘ tô͘ |\n\n**Gōng-á-soa** ia̍h-sī kiò **Tāu-hū-soa** (ha̍k-miâ: *Rhincodon typus*, Eng-gí: Whale Shark) sī sè-kan siāng toā chiah ê oa̍h hî. Chit chióng soa-hî sèng-tē un-sûn, tōng-chok sô, oân-choân khò thai (filter) sió seng-bu̍t chhoē chia̍h. I sī ***Rhincodon* sio̍k** kap **Rhincodontidae kho** î-it ê chéng. Gōng-á-soa tī jia̍t-tāi hù-kīn ê sio-lo̍h hái-chúi ū tè chhoē. Kho-ha̍k-kài jīn-ûi í-keng tī-teh 6-chheng-bān nî.\n\nGōng-á-soa ê toā-sè khó-pí hái-ang, thó-chia̍h ê hêng-ûi mā chhan-chhiūⁿ chi̍t-koá hái-ang.\n\nKap lâng phēng toā-sè\n\nChham-khó Chu-liāo\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ \"鯨鯊數量漸增加 海洋保育見成效\". Kong-sī. 2010-04-27.\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:Rhincodon typus*** |","meta":{"title":"Gōng-á-soa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[445,969,0.45923632610939114],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1404}} -{"text":"\n**Buenos Aires**, chèng-sek ê miâ sī **Buenos Aires Chū-tī Siâⁿ-chhī** (Se-pan-gâ-gí: *Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires*) sī Argentina ê siú-to͘ kiam tē-it tōa siâⁿ-chhī, tī La Plata Hô ê hōaⁿ-piⁿ. Buenos Aires ê jîn-kháu ū 305 bān, to͘-hōe-khu jîn-kháu ū 1335 bān, sī Latin Bí-chiu tē-saⁿ tōa ê to͘-hōe.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nBiâu-su̍t thâu pái khí-chō āu ê Buenos Aires ê oē-tô͘.\n### Khí-chō\n\nBoenos Aires chi̍t khai-sí tī 1536 nî 2 goe̍h 2 ji̍t kiàn siâⁿ ê sî-chūn sī hō chò *Ciudad de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre* (ì-sù: \"Lán Sūn-hong ê Sèng Má-lī Lú-sū chi Siâⁿ\"). Hit-tang-chūn tī Pedro de Mendoza ê niá-chhoā hā, Se-pan-gâ-lâng chiong kē-chhī siâⁿ-lúi siat tī kin-á-ji̍t Boenos Aires lāi-té ê San Telmo khu.\n\nĀu-lâi in-ūi goân-chū-bîn ê kong-kek, 1541 nî chit-ê siâⁿ hông hòe-khì. Kàu 1580 nî ê sî Juan de Garay chiah koh kiàn-li̍p khí sin siâⁿ. I kā chia hō chi̍t-ê chhiok-hō \"Santísima Trinidad\"; káng-kháu chheng chò \"Puerto de Santa María de los Buenos Aires\".\n\n### Si̍t-bîn sî-tāi\n\nBō͘-e̍k sī chá-kî Buenos Aires chú-iàu ê siong-gia̍p oa̍h-tāng. Siū tio̍h hái-chha̍t ê kiáu-jiáu, ūn-su ê sî-kan chin tn̂g, sêng-pún mā khah koân, koh hoat-tián chhut cháu-su oa̍h-tāng, chō-sêng chāi-tē-lâng ê put-boán.\n\nĀu-lâi Carlos 3-sè kiám-chió tùi bō͘-e̍k ê hān-chè, koh tī 1700 nî-tāi āu-kî siat Buenos Aires chò khai-hòng káng-kháu. Carlos tè-bé mā kā Virreinato del Perú hun chhut chi̍t-ê í Buenos Aires chò siú-tō͘ ê Virreinato del Río de la Plata lâi koán-lí.\n\nTāi-eng-kok ji̍p-chhim Río de la Plata ê sî-chūn, tùi Buenos Aires ū 2-kái ê kong-kek. Kàu 1806 nî, Tāi-eng-kok chiàm-niá Buenos Aires, m̄-koh koh khì hō͘ Santiago de Liniers tùi Montevideo niá--lâi ê kun-tūi phah pāi. Santiago de Liniers mā chiâⁿ chò chia ê sin hù-ông (*virrey*, si̍t-bîn-tē ê thâu-lâng); i tī 1807 nî chài chi̍t pái chiàn-iâⁿ Tāi-eng-kok.\n\nTī 1810 nî, Gō͘-goe̍h Kek-bēng hoat-seng, khái-sí liáu Argentina To̍k-li̍p Chiàn-cheng. Kàu 1816 nî, in chèng-sek soan-pò͘ to̍k-li̍p.\n\n### Hiān-tāi\n\nBuenos Aires goân-pún sī Buenos Aires Séng ê siú-hú, tī 1853 nî kàu 1860 nî kî-kan, Buenos Aires koh chiâⁿ chò Buenos Aires Chiu ê siú-hú. 1880 nî ê sî-chūn, kok-ka siú-tō͘ ê tē-ūi khak-tēng, chhī-tiúⁿ sī siū chóng-thóng lâi chí-tēng. In-ê chóng-thóng-hú hō chò Casa Rosada.\n\n19 sè-kí âu poàⁿ ê thih-lō͘ kiàn-siat, chin-ka liáu Buenos Aires ê keng-chè hoat-tián. Chia-ê bûn-hoà mā chin oa̍h-hiáⁿ, 1908 nî khai-siat ê Teatro Colón sī tong-sî sè-kài siāng hó-sè ê kio̍k-tiûⁿ chi it. Tī 20 sè-kí ê chho͘-kî, Buenos Aires kiàn-siat liáu Lâm Bí-chiu siāng chá ê tē-hā-thih hē-thóng kap hit-chūn siāng koân ê lâu-á-chhù.\n\nTī 1920 nî-tāi, Buenos Aires sī Au-chiu, iû-kî Se-pan-gâ kap Italia, he̍k-chiá sī Argentina kî-thaⁿ séng-hūn kap hū-kīn kok-ka jîn-bûn ê tiōng-iàu î-bîn tē-tiám. Kàu 1930 nî-tāi, tī siâⁿ-chhī ê kang-gia̍p tē-khu, hoat-tián chhut chi̍t koá chāi-tē-lâng chheng chò villa miseria ê sàn-chhiah siā-lí, ín-khí chin chē siā-hoē būn-tê. 1945 nî kàu 1980 nî kî-kan, siâⁿ-chhī koh chi̍t pái khoài-sok hùn-tōa. \n\nBuenos Aires sī Juan Perón kap i-ê chèng-tī sè-le̍k Perón-chú-gī ê kì-tiám. Tī hit-ê sî-kî, Buenos Aires hoat-seng chē hāng chèng-tī sū-kiāⁿ, chhan-chhiūⁿ 1945 nî tī Plaza de Mayo ê iû-hêng kap 1955 nî hái-kun hoán-tùi-phài hoat khí ê chà-tàn sū-kiāⁿ. Āu-boé Juan Perón hông thui-hoan.\n\n1970 nî-tāi chi̍t-ê siâⁿ-chhī chiâⁿ chò chó-phài kek-bēng ūn-tōng kap iū-phài bú-chng sè-le̍k ê chiàn-tiûⁿ. 1976 nî, Jorge Rafael Videla niá-chhoā ê kun-sū sè-le̍k hoat-tōng \"A-cha Chiàn-cheng\" (*Guerra Sucia*), chō-sêng 3 bān lâng ê sit-chong kap sí-bông.\n\nTī 1982 nî kap 1987 nî, Kàu-chong John Paul 2-sè hóng-mn̄g liáu Buenos Aires. 1983 nî, bîn-chú khoe-ho̍k. 1990 nî-tāi, keng-chè mā khai-sí ho̍k-heng.\n\n1993 nî ê sî-chūn, Buenos Aires tit tio̍h chū-tī ê tē-ūi, goân-lâi chóng-thóng chí-tēng chhī-tiúⁿ ê chè-tō͘ mā hùi-tû. 1996 nî 12 goe̍h 30 ji̍t, Buenos Aires ê chhī-bîn thâu chi̍t kái soán chhī-tiūⁿ.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nBuenos Aires ê tang-bīn kap tang-pak-bīn sī La Plata Hô; lâm-bīn kap tang-lâm-bīn sī Matanza Hô; tī sai-bīn, sai-lâm kap sai-pak sī í kong-lō͘ Avenida General Paz chò siâⁿ-lāi kap Buenos Aires Séng ê kài-soàⁿ. Chi̍t-ê siâⁿ-chhī toā-hūn lóng sio̍k tī Pampa pêng-goân tē-khu.\n\nBuenos Aires goân-lâi ū chit koá sià-ô͘ kap sió chúi-tō. Ūi-tio̍h pâi-chúi ê sūn-lī, toā-hūn ê chúi-tō lóng í-keng hōng chúi-kóng-hoà, chúi-kau-hoà; sió-hūn hōng thiân-pêⁿ.\n\n### Khì-hāu\n\nBuenos Aires siok tâm-lùn hù-Jia̍t-tāi khì-hāu. Kui nî pêng-kin ū 17.2 °C ê un-tō͘\n\n| Khì-hāu chu-liāu: Buenos Aires (1981 nî - 1990 nî) |\n| --- |\n| Goe̍h-hūn | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Nî pêng-kin |\n| Kì-lio̍k ko-un °C (°F) | 43.3 | 38.7 | 37.9 | 36.0 | 31.6 | 28.5 | 30.2 | 34.4 | 34 | 34 | 36.8 | 40.5 | 43.3 |\n| Pêng-kin ko-un °C (°F) | 30.4 | 28.7 | 26.4 | 22.7 | 19.0 | 15.6 | 13.9 | 17.3 | 18.9 | 22.5 | 25.3 | 28.1 | 21.5 |\n| Ji̍t pêng-kin °C (°F) | 25.1 | 23.7 | 21.4 | 17.7 | 14.3 | 11.2 | 10.9 | 12.7 | 14.2 | 17.7 | 20.6 | 23.2 | 17.2 |\n| Pêng-kin kē-un °C (°F) | 20.4 | 19.4 | 17.0 | 13.7 | 10.3 | 7.6 | 7.4 | 8.9 | 9.9 | 13.0 | 15.9 | 18.4 | 12.9 |\n| Kì-lio̍k kē-un °C (°F) | 5.9 | 4.2 | 2.8 | -2.3 | -4 | -5.3 | -5.4 | -4.0 | -2.4 | -2 | 1.6 | 3.7 | −5.4 |\n| Kàng-chúi mm (in) | 121.6 | 122.6 | 153.9 | 106.9 | 92.1 | 50.0 | 52.9 | 63.2 | 77.7 | 139.3 | 131.2 | 103.2 | 1,214.6 |\n| *Source: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional* |\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nBuenos Aires sī Argentina kang-gia̍p kap siong-gia̍p kiam kim-hiông ê iāu-tē. Chiàu 2011 nî, tē-hng ê chóng seng-sán-gia̍h (kò-bé-le̍k siu-chèng) ū 847 e̍k bí-kim, chiàm beh choân-kok ê sì hun it.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Population projections\n2. ↑ Colin M. Lewis (2002). *Argentina: A Short History*. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 1-85168-300-3.\n3. ↑ \"Características Climáticas Ciudad de Buenos Aires\".\n4. ↑ \"Economía\" (PDF) (ēng Spanish). goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 25 March 2009 hőng khó͘-pih. 22 January 2010 khòaⁿ--ê. CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)\n5. ↑ \"Distribution of Gross Value Added by jurisdiction and economic activity\" (ēng Spanish). Producto Bruto Geografico. goân-loē-iông tī 13 March 2008 hőng khó͘-pih. 22 January 2010 khòaⁿ--ê. CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Buenos Aires*** |\n\n| | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nArgentina ê séng kap chū-tī siâⁿ-chhī |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Séng(*provincia*) | \n* Buenos Aires\n* Catamarca\n* Chaco\n* Chubut\n* Córdoba\n* Corrientes\n* Entre Ríos\n* Formosa\n* Jujuy\n* La Pampa\n* La Rioja\n* Mendoza\n* Misiones\n* Neuquén\n* Río Negro\n* Salta\n* San Juan\n* San Luis\n* Santa Cruz\n* Santa Fe\n* Santiago del Estero\n* Tierra del Fuego\n* Tucumán\n\n |\n| |\n| Chū-tī Siâⁿ-chhī(*Ciudad Autónoma*) | \n* Buenos Aires (*Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires*)\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Buenos Aires","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1877,6343,0.29591675863156236],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Buenos Aires
    Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
    \n

    \n
    \n\n\n\n
    \"Buenos
    Kî-á    		 \"Buenos
    Hui-kì
    \n
    \n
    \"Buenos
    \"Buenos
    Buenos Aires
    \n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 34°36′36.00″S 58°22′11.99″W / 34.6100000°S 58.3699972°W / -34.6100000; -58.3699972
    Kok-ka\n Argentina\n
    Khí-chō1536 nî, 1580 nî
    Chèng-hú
     - Chhī-tiúⁿ\n\t\tHoracio Rodríguez Larreta
    Bīn-chek
     - Chhī-khu\n\t\t203 km2
     - Thó͘-tē\n203 km2
     - To͘-chhī-khian\n4,758 km2
    Jîn-kháu (2009 est.)
     - Chhī-khu3,050,728 lâng
     - To͘-chhī-khian13,356,715
     
    Bāng-chām
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7511}} -{"text":"Tiong-kok tê-to͘, An-khoe\n**An-khoe-koān** (Hàn-jī: 安溪縣) sī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Choân-chiu-chhī kóan-ha̍t ê chi̍t-ê koān, hông kiò chò thih-koan-im tê ê kò͘-hiong,. Kong-gôan 1985 nî, Tiong-kok Kok-bū-īⁿ phoe-chún ûi iân-hái tùi-gōa khai-hòng kōan. An-khoe ( An-khe ) tī \"Bân-lâm kim-saⁿ-kak \"ê tiong-sim tē-tài, kū-lī Ē-mn̂g 80 kong-lí, lī Chôan-chiu 50 kong-lí, lī Chiang-chiu 80 kong-lí. An-khoe chôan-kôan thó͘-tē bīn-chek 3057.28 km², jîn-kháu 106 bān lâng chó-iū, kóan-ha̍t 24-ê hiong-tìn.\n\nO͘-liông-tê ê kò͘-hiong\n-----------------------\n\nAn-khoe sī Tiong-kok o͘-liông-tê ê hoat-gôan-tē, tê-hio̍h ê sán-liōng Hok-kiàn chôan-séng pâi tē-it, phín-chit siōng pâi-chí, ē-tàng kóng sī : miâ-seng thàng Pak-kiaⁿ, chin-chiàⁿ chhut-miâ hái-lāi-gōa.\n\nChhit-thô ê hó só͘-chāi\n-----------------------\n\nAn-khoe-koan le̍k-sú iu-kiú, jîn-kia̍t tē-lêng, bêng-sèng kó͘-chek móa sì-kè. Chôan-kōan lóng-chóng ū kōan-kip í-siōng ê bûn-bu̍t pó-hō· tan-ūi 50 gōa ê, siāng chhut-miâ ê An-khoe bûn biō (安溪文廟) kah Bân-lâm kó͘ sī-biō Chheng-chúi-giâm, múi-chi̍t-nî ê iû-kheh lóng-chóng chhiau-koè chiâⁿ-phah-bân lâng hiah-nih chōe. Hiān-chú-sî, gōa-kok seng-lí-lâng tâu-chu heng-kiàn ê \"Chì-bân seng-thài lú-iû hn̂g \"(志閩生態旅遊園), pau-koat \"Soaⁿ-chôaⁿ tō͘-ká-chhun \"(山泉度假村) kah \"Un-chôaⁿ tō͘-ká-chhun \"(溫泉度假村) chit-nn̄g-ê hó-sńg ê só͘-chāi. Lú-kheh tī chia, ē-tàng thé-hōe tio̍h \"phiau-liû, iá-chiàn hūn-liān, peh chio̍h-piah \"chit-khóan hó-sńg koh chhù-bī ê ūn-tòng.\n\nTú-miâ ê kiâu-hiong\n-------------------\n\nAn-khoe sī Hok-kiàn-séng chin chhut-miâ ê kiâu-hiong, hái-gōa hôa-kiâu hiong-chhin 80-gōa-bān lâng, in khiā-tī sè-kài 30-gōa-ê bô-siâng ê kok-ka kah tē-khu. An-khoe mā-sī Tâi-ôan Hàn-jîn chú-iàu ê chó͘-chek-tē, chha-put-to 200-gōa-bān Tâi-ôan-lâng chó͘-ke sī An-khoe, chit-ê só͘-jī liōng-ki-iok chiàm Tâi-ôan chóng jîn-khàu ê 10%. Kong-gôan 1994 nî kah 1997 nî, bat tī An-khoe-kōan sêng-kong kú-pān kòe 2-kài ê \"Sè-kài An-khoe Hiong-chhin Tāi-hōe \".\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hok-kiàn-séng ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hù-séng-kip | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Ē-mn̂g-chhī | Hái-chhng-khu  **·** Ô͘-lí-khu  **·** Chi̍p-bí-khu  **·** Su-bêng-khu  **·** Tâng-oaⁿ-khu  **·** Siông-an-khu |\n\n | |\n| |\n| Tē-kip | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Hok-chiu-chhī | Kó͘-lâu-khu  **·** Chìn-an-khu  **·** Tâi-kang-khu  **·** Chhng-soaⁿ-khu  **·** Má-boé-khu  **·** Tiông-lo̍k-khu  **·** Bân-chheng-koān  **·** Bân-hâu-koān  **·** Éng-thài-koān  **·** Hok-chheng-chhī  **·** Liân-kang-koān  **·** Lô-goân-koān  **·** Pêng-thâm-koān |\n| |\n| Chiang-chiu-chhī | Hiong-siâⁿ-khu **·** Liông-bûn-khu  **·** Liông-hái-chhī  **·** Chiuⁿ-phó͘-koān  **·** Ûn-sio-koān  **·** Chiàu-an-koān  **·** Tang-soaⁿ-koān  **·** Pêng-hô-koān  **·** Lâm-chēng-koān  **·** Tiô-thoà-koān  **·** Hoâ-an-koān |\n| |\n| Choân-chiu-chhī | Lí-siâⁿ-khu  **·** Hong-te̍k-khu  **·** Lo̍k-kang-khu  **·** Choân-káng-khu  **·** Chìn-kang-chhī  **·** Chio̍h-sai-chhī  **·** Lâm-oaⁿ-chhī  **·** Hūi-oaⁿ-koān  **·** An-khoe-koān  **·** Éng-chhun-koān  **·** Tek-hoè-koān  **·** *Kim-mn̂g-koān (bô si̍t-chè thóng-tī)* |\n| |\n| Lâm-pêng-chhī | Iân-pêng-khu  **·** Kiàn-iông-khu  **·** Bú-î-soaⁿ-chhī  **·** Kiàn-au-chhī  **·** Siō-bú-chhī  **·** Chèng-hô-koān  **·** Kong-te̍k-koān  **·** Phó͘-siâⁿ-koān  **·** Siông-khe-koān  **·** Sūn-chhiong-koān |\n| |\n| Lêng-nâ-chhī | Sin-lô-khu  **·** Éng-tēng-khu  **·** Chiuⁿ-phîng-chhī  **·** Bú-pêng-koān  **·** Liân-siâⁿ-koān  **·** Siōng-hâng-koān  **·** Tiông-teng-koān |\n| |\n| Lêng-tek-chhī | Chio-siâⁿ-khu  **·** Hok-an-chhī  **·** Hok-téng-chhī  **·** Chià-êng-koān  **·** Chiu-lêng-koān  **·** Hâ-phó͘-koān  **·** Kó͘-chhân-koān  **·** Pêng-lâm-koān  **·** Siū-lêng-koān |\n| |\n| Phô͘-chhân-chhī | Siâⁿ-siuⁿ-khu  **·** Âm-kang-khu  **·** Nāi-siâⁿ-khu  **·** Siù-sū-khu  **·** Sian-iû-koān |\n| |\n| Sam-bêng-chhī | Mûi-lia̍t-khu  **·** Sam-goân-khu  **·** Éng-an-chhī  **·** Bêng-khe-koān  **·** Chheng-liû-koān  **·** Chiong-lo̍k-koān  **·** Iû-khe-koān  **·** Kiàn-lêng-koān  **·** Lêng-hoà-koān  **·** Soa-koān  **·** Tāi-chhân-koān  **·** Thài-lêng-koān |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"An-khoe-koān","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1714,3593,0.4770386863345394],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4985}} -{"text":"**Gī-tiúⁿ** (議長) sī hōe-gī ki-koan ê tāi-piáu ia̍h hōe-gī ê kàm-koán-jîn.\n\nGī-tiúⁿ thong-siông sī gī-hōe ia̍h-sī li̍p-hoat ki-koan ê siōng-koân hoāⁿ-thâu-chiá, tī bô-kāng ê kok-ka ū bô-kāng ê chit-chheng, pí-lūn úi-oân-tiúⁿ (委員長), chú-sek (主席) kap īⁿ-tiúⁿ (院長) téng-téng. Tī hiān-kim bîn-chú gī-hōe tiong, iû gī-oân hō͘-soán soán-chhut, chit-koân sī chú-chhî hōe-gī gī-têng, tiâu-kái gī-oân kan kiu-hun kap kiàn-li̍p gī-hōe ê koân-ui. Gī-tiúⁿ it-poaⁿ bô tâu-phiò-koân, tî-hui hoat-seng pêⁿ-chē-phiò (*tie*) ê kiong-kio̍k.\n\nGī-tiúⁿ thong-siông sī iû gī-hōe tiong hoah-chúi-ē-kian-tàng ê lâng chhut-jīm, tùi-goā tāi-piáu kui-ê gī-hōe. In-ūi gī-tiúⁿ tùi gī-hōe ti̍t-sū koân-gî ê koán-lí sī oá-khò i gī-tiúⁿ ê koân-ui lâi chìn-hêng kui-hoān, só͘-í tī gī-hōe tiong sit-khì koân-ui ê gī-tiúⁿ, thong-siông chiū ē sî-tiāu gī-tiúⁿ ê chit-bū. Tāi-piáu gī-tiúⁿ koân-ui ê sī gī-tiúⁿ ê chō-ūi kap gī-sū-tûi.\n\nGī-tiúⁿ mā ū-khó-lêng sī chi̍t-koá hui-chèng-tī-sèng ê hōe-gī cho͘-chit ê tāi-piáu ê miâ-hō, pí-lūn Hân-kok ê liân-ha̍p chham-bô͘ pún-pō͘ gī-tiúⁿ kap lîm-sî cho͘-sêng ê tiâu-cha úi-oân-hōe gī-tiúⁿ téng-téng.","meta":{"title":"Gī-tiúⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1147,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1310}} -{"text":"\n\nTeh huân-to siat-tī\nDorking Ke-kak kuà-tio̍h 2012 Lûntun Olympic ūn-tōng-huē ê kim-pâi.\nTah-phuè tsiam-tsit-phín\n**Dorking Ke-kak** (ing-gú: Dorking Cockerel; **Dorking ke-kang**) sī Tang-lâm Eng-lân Surrey-kūn Dorking [en]-tìn ê Deepdene huán-hîng kau-tshe lōo-kháu tíng-kuân ê tsi̍t-tsō tiau-sok. Dorking Ke-kak biâu-huē tsí-tsia̍h kang-ê Dorking ke [en], tsit-ê tiau-sok teh li̍k-sú siōng sī Dorking-tìn king-tsè ê tiōng-iàu tsoo-sîng pōo-hūn. Tsit-tsiah 10 ing-tshioh (30 kong-tshioh) kuân ê ke-kak-á sī-iû \"Peter Parkinson\" sóo tiau-khik--ê pīng-koh teh 2007-nî tshai khí-lâi--ê. Tsit-tsō tiau-sok sī tong-tē ê tē-piáu-sìng kèn-tiok, uī-tio̍h kì-liām ti̍k-sû tiûñ-ha̍p jî-lâi tsìn-hîng tsi̍t-kuá phòng-se hong-tsà [en] ua̍h-tāng.\n\nTiau-tshí hām an-tsong\n----------------------\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Lytollis, Roger (4 November 2021). *On a Pedestal: A Trip around Britain's Statues* (ēng Eng-gí). Little, Brown Book Group. p. 136. ISBN 978-1-4721-4611-3.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Sing-bûn ú-tiū [en] (Stargate Universe)\n* Merops apiaster [en]\n* Kó͘-phiò tāi-hō [en] (Kóo-phiò tāi-hō/Ticker symbol)\n* ISO 9362 [en] (SWIFT piān-sek-bé)\n* Si̍t-siu chu-pún [en] (Si̍t-siu tsu-pún/Paid-in capital/Si̍t-siu tsu-pún-gia̍h)\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* Dorking Cockerel — Fire & Iron (Eng-gí)\n* As the Dorking Cockerel celebrates its 10th birthday we ask why is it there? - Surrey Live (Eng-gí)\n* Dorking Museum Permanent Exhibition - Dorking Cockerel (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Dorking Ke-kak","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[540,1303,0.41442824251726784],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1570}} -{"text":"Chng pùn-sò ê saⁿ-lián-chhia\n**Pùn-sò** (糞埽), sī bô-su-iàu ia̍h-sī bô-lō͘-iōng ê kò͘-thé kap liû-thé bu̍t-chit, ia̍h chio̍h sī hòe-khì-bu̍t ê chi̍t khoán. Tī jîn-kháu bi̍t-chi̍p ê tōa siâⁿ-chhī, chia̍p-khoàⁿ ê pùn-sò chhú-lí hong-hoat sī tī siu-chi̍p liáu-āu sàng-óng iám-mâi-tiûⁿ, ia̍h-sī sú-iōng hûn-hòa-lô͘ kā hóe-hòa. Put-jî-kò, nn̄g-khoán hong-sek lóng ē chō-sêng khoân-kéng pó-hō͘ ê būn-tê, nā chiong-chí kòe-thâu siau-hùi, khó-lêng tiō ē-sái chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ kiám-khin iám-mâi-tiûⁿ ê páu-hô thêng-tō͘. Iám-mâi-tiûⁿ ê pùn-sò nā chhú-lí bô-hó-sè, khó-lêng ē ù-jiám tē-hā-chúi kap hoat-chut chhàu-bī, jî-chhiáⁿ chē-chē siâⁿ-chhī ē-sái iám-mâi ê só͘-chāi sī lú-lâi-lú chió. Hóe-hòa bô-hoat-tō͘ pī-bián lâi sán-seng ū-to̍k ê khì-thé, gûi-hāi seng-bu̍t-thé ê sin-thé kiān-khong. To-sò͘ ê siâⁿ-chhī lóng teh gián-kiù àn-choáⁿ lâi kiám-chió pùn-sò ê hong-hoat kap kó͘-lē chu-goân hôe-siu.","meta":{"title":"Pùn-sò","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,937,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1059}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\n**Chhiong-chek pêⁿ-po͘** (Hàn-jī: **沖積平埔**; Eng-gí: *alluvial plain*), ia̍h **chhiong-chek pêng-goân** (Hàn-jī: **沖積平原**), sī siū-tio̍h hô-chhoan tîm-chek chok-iōng ê pêng-goân tē-hêng, it-poaⁿ chhut-hiān tī hô-chhoan tiong-iû, chúi-bóe, it-ti̍t kàu khe-kháu.\n\nLūi-hêng\n--------\n\n### Sìⁿ-chōng-tē\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: sìⁿ-chōng-tē\n**Sìⁿ-chōng-tē** sī khe-chúi tùi soaⁿ-kok lâu ·ji̍p-khì pêng-goân ê sî, in-ūi tē-hêng pìⁿ khah pêⁿ, lâu-sok pìⁿ khah bān, tì-sú tîm-chek chok-iōng cheng-kiông, só͘ sán-seng ê tē-hêng, hó-chhin-chhiūⁿ chi̍t ki khe-sìⁿ. \n\n### Saⁿ-kak-chiu\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: saⁿ-kak-chiu\n**Sak-kak-chiu** sī khe-chúi lâi-kàu khe-kháu ê sî sán-seng ê chhiong-chek tē-hêng. Hô-tō khó-lêng tī chia koh pun-lâu, chhin-chhiūⁿ saⁿ-kak-hêng ê tōa-siá Hi-lia̍p jī-bó Δ só͘-í Eng-gí kā hō-chò \"**delta**\".\n\n### Hoàn-lām pêⁿ-pò\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: hoàn-lām pêⁿ-po͘\n**Hoàn-lām pêng-goân** sī tī hô-chhoan tī chúi-bóe ē hêng-sêng ê tē-hêng. Khe-chúi tī chia bān-bān-á lâu, hô-tō pìⁿ kah chin khoah, ū-sî koh ē khiau-lâi khiau-khì, chhiùⁿ chôa leh sô, kiò-chò chúi-chôa-siû; hô-tō khó-lêng tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ē kài-tō, ia̍h-sī hun chò chiok chē tiâu, chiâⁿ-chò pīⁿ-chōng-khe. Chò-tōa-chúi ê sî, hoán-lâm pêⁿ-po͘ chúi ē tiòng kòe khoe-á-kîⁿ, kā khah kē ê só͘-chāi bi̍t lo̍h-khì chúi-té.\n\nSiòng-phō͘\n----------\n\n* Tâi-oân ê Ka-lâm Pêng-goân kap Lô-chúi-khe Chhiong-chek Pêng-goân lóng sī chhiong-chek pêng-goân.Tâi-oân ê Ka-lâm Pêng-goân kap Lô-chúi-khe Chhiong-chek Pêng-goân lóng sī chhiong-chek pêng-goân.\n* Niú Se-lân ê hoán-lām pêng-goân, hô-tō sī pìⁿ-chōng-khe.Niú Se-lân ê hoán-lām pêng-goân, hô-tō sī pìⁿ-chōng-khe.\n* Bangladesh ê Hêng-hô saⁿ-kak-chiu sī sè-kài siōng tōa ê saⁿ-kak-chiuBangladesh ê Hêng-hô saⁿ-kak-chiu sī sè-kài siōng tōa ê saⁿ-kak-chiu\n* Tiong-kok Teklimakan Soa-bo̍k ê sìⁿ-chōng-tē.Tiong-kok Teklimakan Soa-bo̍k ê sìⁿ-chōng-tē.","meta":{"title":"Chhiong-chek pêng-goân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[268,1550,0.17290322580645162],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2144}} -{"text":"\n\n**1001 Mî** (Pho-su-bûn: هزار و یک شب, *Hazār-o Yak Šab*; A-la-pek-bûn: كتاب ألف ليلة وليلة, *Kitāb 'Alf Layla wa-Layla*) sī tùi A-la-pek kap Pho-su thoân--chhut-lâi ê chi̍t-hē-thóng ê kò͘-sū, chit-pún bûn-chi̍p sī tiong-sè-kí Sai-lâm-a (Tiong-tang) ê bûn-ha̍k sū-sū-si, chú-tê sī kóng 1-ê hō-chò Shahryar ê kok-ông in-ūi bó͘ hoán-poē--i, choaⁿ-á ta̍k-àm lóng kap 1-ê chāi-sek-lú khùn, thiⁿ-kng tō kā thâi--sí. Chái-siòng ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ Scheherazade (Pho-su ê Shahrzad) soah kam-goān kè hō͘ ông, ūi-tio̍h mài khì hō͘ ông tī thiⁿ-thiah-ha̍h tō kā thâi--sí, i ta̍k-àm kóng-kó͘ hō͘ i ê ang-sài thiaⁿ, koh thiau-kang ta̍k-àm lóng kā kò͘-sū thêng tī leh hō͘ lâng sim-koaⁿ hiāuⁿ-hiāuⁿ chin kín-tiuⁿ ê só͘-chāi, ti̍t-ti̍t kóng chhiau-koè 1001-mê.\n\nKhêng-si̍t che kui-thò kò͘-sū chhòng-chok ê sî-kan èng-kai ū ēng kúi-ā-ê sè-kí. Kóng-kó͘ ê lâng koh-iūⁿ, koh kóng-kó͘ ê chhiú-lō͘ mā koh-iūⁿ, chóng--sī chiah-ê kò͘-sū ū-iáⁿ soà-phah, khah chhut-miâ--ê pí-lūn: Aladdin, Ali Baba kap 40-ê cheng-piàng, hām Chúi-hu Sinbad 7-pái koè-iûⁿ téng-téng, sǹg sī chha-put-to ta̍k-só͘-chāi lóng tiāⁿ thiaⁿ-tio̍h ê kò͘-sū.","meta":{"title":"1001 Mî","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1104,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1276}} -{"text":"\n\n**Blagoveshchensk** (Lō͘-se-a-gí: Благовещенск) sī Lō͘-se-a Amur Chiu ê chi̍t ê siâⁿ-chhī.\n\nTualchhung sawrkar\n------------------\n\nKum 1876 atanga Soviet hunlai thleng khan Blagoveshchensk khawpui mayor te chu M. O. Mokeevsky, L. A. Benkendorf, V. I. Kukhterin, P. F. Turchaninov, V. P. Efimov, A. V. Kirillov, I. D. Prishepenko, P. P. Popov, A. N. Alekseevsky, A. V. Chernyak te an ni.\n\n#### Mayor-te (1991–2010) te chuan .\n\nLyashko, Yuri Gavrilovich, kum 1985 atanga 1996 chhung khan Blagoveshchensk khawpui mayor (city executive committee chairman) a ni.\n\nKolyadin Alexander Mikhailovich, kum 1996 atanga 2004 thleng khan Blagoveshchensk mayor a ni.\n\nMigulya, Alexander Anatolyevich chu November 28, 2004 khan Blagoveshchensk khawpui mayor atan thlan tlin a ni. March 1, 2009 khan term hnihna atan thlan nawn leh a ni. April 26, 2010 khan Amur Region governor thupek hmangin Alexander Anatolyevich Migulya chu Blagoveshchensk khawpui mayor a nihna aṭangin ban a ni.\n\n#### Municipality hotute an ni\n\nVladimir Kobelev hi July 15, 2010 atanga 2014 thleng khan Blagoveshchensk khawpui municipality hotu a ni.\n\nAdministration hotute an ni\n\nKum 2010-2011 chhung khan Nevedomsky leh Nikolai Alekseevich te an tel a;\n\nKum 2011-2014 chhung khan Berezovsky leh Pavel Viktorovich te an tel a;\n\nLeh. O. February 21, 2014 atanga September 19, 2014 thleng khan Alexander Alexandrovich Kozlov;\n\n#### Mayor te (kum 2014 atang khan)\n\nSeptember 19, 2014 atanga March 25, 2015 thleng khan Alexander Kozlov;\n\nJuly 25, 2015 atanga July 25, 2020 thleng - Kalita Valentina Sergeevna (March 25 atanga July 25 thleng a thawk);\n\nJuly 27, 2020 khan Imameev Oleg Gataullovich chuan Blagoveshchensk khawpui mayor hna a chelh tan a.\n\n#### Blagoveshchensk City Duma-a chairman-te an ni\n\nSeptember 19, 2019 atang khan Evglevskaya Elena Igorevna;\n\n1. ↑ Александр Козлов: вопросы к работе чиновника | Вслух.ru (vsluh.ru)","meta":{"title":"Blagoveshchensk","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[295,1802,0.1637069922308546],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Blagoveshchensk
    Благовещенск
    —  Siâⁿ-chhī  —
    \n

    \n
    \n\n\n\n
    \"Blagoveshchensk
    Kî-á    		 \"Blagoveshchensk
    Hui-kì
    \n
    \n
    \"Blagoveshchensk
    \"Blagoveshchensk\"
    Blagoveshchensk
    \n
    Kok-ka\n\"\" Lō͘-se-a\n
    Liân-pang chú-thé\nAmur\n
    Bīn-chek
     - Lóng-chóng\n\t\t321 km2
    Jîn-kháu
     - Lóng-chóng225,091 lâng
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1960}} -{"text":"\n\n| Chiâu-ûn lêng-goân |\n| --- |\n| Wind turbines near Vendsyssel, Denmark (2004) |\n| \nChóng-lám |\n| * Chiâu-ûn lêng-goân\n* Carbon-neutral fuel\n* Fossil fuel phase-out\n |\n| Chiat-iok lêng-goân |\n| * Cogeneration\n* Efficient energy use\n* Energy storage\n* Green building\n* Heat pump\n* Low-carbon power\n* Microgeneration\n* Passive solar building design\n |\n| Thang-chài-seng lêng-goân |\n| * Biofuel\n* Geothermal\n* Hydroelectricity\n* Solar\n* Tidal\n* Wave\n* Wind\n |\n| Sustainable transport |\n| * Electric vehicle\n* Green vehicle\n* Plug-in hybrid\n |\n| \n* **指令碼錯誤：沒有「portal-inline」這個模組。**\n* **指令碼錯誤：沒有「portal-inline」這個模組。**\n\n |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n**Thang-chài-seng lêng-goân** (Eng-gí: *renewable energy*) sī ùi thang-chài-seng chu-goân (ē-tàng pó͘-chhiong, chhin-chhiūⁿ ji̍t-kng, hong, hō͘, hái-tiâu, chúi-éng, kap tē-jia̍t) siu-chi̍p lâi ê lêng-goân. Thang-chài-seng lêng-goân tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ thê-kiong lêng-goân hō͘ sì ê tiōng-iàu léng-he̍k: hoat-tiān, khong-khì, chúi ka-jia̍t/chè-léng, kau-thong, kap to̍k-li̍p tiān-goân hē-thóng téng lêng-goân ho̍k-bū.\n\nKin-kì REN21 2017 nî ê pò-kò, thang-chài-seng lêng-goân tī 2015 kap 2016 nî ê sî-chūn hun-pia̍t chiàm jîn-lūi sè-kài lêng-goân siau-hàu-liōng kap seng-sán lêng-goân ê 19.3% kap 24.5%. Lêng-goân siau-hàu pun chò thoân-thóng seng-chit-lêng 8.9%, jia̍t-lêng (hiān-tāi seng-chit-lêng, tē-jia̍t, kap thài-iông-lêng) chiàm 4.2%, chúi-le̍k-tiān chiàm 3.9%, kî-thaⁿ lâi-chū hong-lêng, thài-iông-lêng, tē-jia̍t, kap kî-thaⁿ hêng-sek seng-chit-lêng ê tiān-lêng chiàm 2.2%. 2015 nî, choân-kiû tùi thang-chài-seng ki-su̍t ê tâu-chu chhiau-kòe 2,860 ek Bí-kim. 2017 nî, choân-kiû thang-chài-seng lêng-goân tâu-chu chóng-gia̍h sī 2,798 ek Bí-kim, kî-tiong Tiong-kok chiàm 1,266 ek Bí-kim, chiàm choân-kiû tâu-chu ê 45%, Bí-kok chiàm 405 ek Bí-kim, Au-chiu chiàm 409 ek Bí-kim. Choân-kiû hām thang-chài-seng lêng-goân sán-gia̍p siong-koan ê kang-chok ko͘-kè ū 770 bān ê, kî-tiong thài-iông-kng hoat-tiān sī siāng tōa ê thang-chài-seng lêng-goân thâu-ke. Thang-chài-seng lêng-goân hē-thóng tng-teh khoài-sok piàn chò koh-khah ko-hāu mā koh-khah sio̍k, in tī chóng lêng-goân siau-hàu tiong só͘ chiàm ê hūn-gia̍h mā tng-teh cheng-ka. Chia̍t-chì 2019 nî, choân-kiû sin-cheng chong-ki iông-liōng ê 3 hun-chi 2 í-siōng lóng sī thang-chài-seng--ê. In-ūi cheng-ka liáu thang-chài-seng lêng-goân kap thian-jiân-khì ê sú-iōng, mûi-thòaⁿ kap chio̍h-iû siau-hùi ê cheng-tióng khó-lêng ē tī 2020 nî kiat-sok.\n\nTī kok-ka ê chân-kip, choân-sè-kài chì-chió ū 30 ê kok-ka í-keng ū thang-chài-seng lêng-goân, chiàm lêng-goân kiong-èng ê 20% í-siōng. Ī-kè kok-ka thang-chài-seng lêng-goân chhī-tiûⁿ tī bī-lâi cha̍p tang chì í-āu ē kè-sio̍k kiông-kèng cheng-tióng. Chi̍t-kóa só͘-chāi kap chì-chió nn̄g ê kok-ka (Peng-tó kap Nô͘-ui) í-keng ēng thang-chài-seng lêng-goân hoat-tiān, ah kî-thaⁿ chē-chē kok-ka lóng siat-tēng liáu bī-lâi ta̍t-kàu 100% thang-chài-seng lêng-goân ê bo̍k-piau. Sè-kài siōng chì-chió ū 47 ê kok-ka í-keng ū chhiau-kòe 50% ê tiān-le̍k lâi-chū thang-chài-seng chu-goân. Hām khòng-bu̍t tian-tó, thang-chài-seng lêng-goân tī khoah-khoah ê tē-lí khe-he̍k lāi chûn-chāi, khòng-bu̍t jiân-lia̍t chi̍p-tiong tī chió-sò͘ kúi-ê kok-ka. Khoài-sok pō͘-sú thang-chài-seng lêng-goân kap lêng-goân hāu-lu̍t ki-su̍t ē-tàng tòa-lâi kī-tāi ê lêng-goân an-choân, kiám-bān khì-hāu piàn-hòa kap keng-chè lī-ek. Tī kok-chè kong-lūn tiâu-cha tiong, tōa-la̍t chi-chhî thui-kóng thang-chài-seng lêng-goân, pí-lūn thài-iông-lêng kap hong-lêng.\n\nSui-jiân chē-chē thang-chài-seng lêng-goân hāng-bo̍k lóng sī tōa kui-bô͘--ê, m̄-kog thang-chài-seng ki-su̍t mā tī lông-chhun kap pian-oán tē-khu í-ki̍p hoat-tián-tiong kok-ka ha̍h-ēng; tī chia-ê kok-ka, lêng-goân thong-siông tùi jîn-lūi hoat-tián chì-koan tiōng-iàu. In-ūi tōa to-sò͘ thang-chài-seng lêng-goân ki-su̍t lóng thê-kiong tiān-le̍k, thang-chài-seng lêng-goân pō͘-sú thong-siông hām chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ ê tiān-khì-hòa kiat-ha̍p sú-iōng, che ū chin chē hó-chhù: tiān-le̍k ē-tàng choán-hòa chò kia̍t-lêng (pit-iàu sî sán-seng pí hòa-chio̍h jiân-liāu koh-khah koân ê un-tō͘), ē-sái choán-hòa chò ki-hāi-lêng. Hāu-lu̍t koân, pēng-chhiáⁿ tī sú-iōng ê sî chiâⁿ chheng-khì. Lēng-gōa, thang-chài-seng lêng-goân ê tiān-khì-hòa hāu-lu̍t koh-khah koân, só͘-í ē-sái tōa-tōa kàng-kē it-chhù lêng-goân ê su-kiû.\n\nChóng-lám\n---------\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nChú-liû ki-su̍t\n---------------\n\n### Hong-lêng\n\n### Chú-le̍k-lêng\n\n### Thài-iông-lêng\n\n### Tē-jia̍t-lêng\n\n### Seng-bu̍t-lêng\n\nIông-ji̍p lêng-goân hē-thóng\n----------------------------\n\nChhī-tiûⁿ kap kang-gia̍p chhu-sè\n--------------------------------\n\nChèng-chhek\n-----------\n\nSin-heng ki-su̍t\n----------------\n\nCheng-lūn\n---------\n\nThang-chài-seng lêng-goân ê tē-iân chèng-tī\n-------------------------------------------\n\nKhoân-kéng éng-hióng\n--------------------\n\nSiá-chin\n--------\n\nChham-oa̍t\n----------\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Ellabban, Omar; Abu-Rub, Haitham; Blaabjerg, Frede (2014). \"Renewable energy resources: Current status, future prospects and their enabling technology\". *Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews*. **39**: 748–764 [749]. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.113.\n2. ↑ \"Renewables 2010 Global Status Report\" (PDF). REN21. September 2010. October 27, 2019 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ REN21, Global Status Report 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2016.\n4. ↑ Frankfurt School – UNEP Collaborating Centre for Climate & Sustainable Energy Finance (2018). *Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment 2018*. Available online at:\n5. ↑ IRENA, Renewable energy and jobs, *Annual review 2015*, IRENA.\n6. ↑ \"Global renewable energy trends\". *Deloitte Insights*.\n7. ↑ \"Renewable Energy Now Accounts for a Third of Global Power Capacity\". IRENA. 2 April 2019. goân-loē-iông tī 21 April 2019 hőng khó͘-pih. 21 April 2019 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter `|url-status=` ignored (help)\n8. ↑ Electric cars and cheap solar 'could halt fossil fuel growth by 2020' *The Guardian*\n9. ↑ \"Expect the Unexpected : The Disruptive Power of Low-carbon Technology\" (PDF). *Carbontracker.org*. pp. 3, 30.\n10. ↑ REN21 (2017). \"Renewables global futures report 2017\".\n11. ↑ Vad Mathiesen, Brian; et al. (2015). \"Smart Energy Systems for coherent 100% renewable energy and transport solutions\". *Applied Energy*. **145**: 139–154. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.075.\n12. ↑ \"12 Countries Leading the Way in Renewable Energy\". *Click Energy*.\n13. ↑ \"Renewable Electricity Capacity And Generation Statistics June 2018\". goân-loē-iông tī 28 November 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 27 November 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter `|url-status=` ignored (help)\n14. ↑ \"Renewable Electricity Capacity And Generation Statistics June 2018\". 3 January 2019 khòaⁿ--ê.\n15. ↑ International Energy Agency (2012). \"Energy Technology Perspectives 2012\" (PDF).\n16. ↑ \"Global Trends in Sustainable Energy Investment 2007: Analysis of Trends and Issues in the Financing of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in OECD and Developing Countries\" (PDF). *unep.org*. United Nations Environment Programme. 2007. p. 3. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 4 March 2016 hőng khó͘-pih. 13 October 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter `|url-status=` ignored (help)\n17. ↑ Sütterlin, B.; Siegrist, Michael (2017). \"Public acceptance of renewable energy technologies from an abstract versus concrete perspective and the positive imagery of solar power\". *Energy Policy*. **106**.\n18. ↑ World Energy Assessment (2001). Renewable energy technologies Archived 9 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine. p. 221.\n19. ↑ Armaroli, Nicola; Balzani, Vincenzo (2011). \"Towards an electricity-powered world\". *Energy and Environmental Science*. **4** (9): 3193–3222. doi:10.1039/c1ee01249e.\n20. ↑ Armaroli, Nicola; Balzani, Vincenzo (2016). \"Solar Electricity and Solar Fuels: Status and Perspectives in the Context of the Energy Transition\". *Chemistry – A European Journal*. **22** (1): 32–57. doi:10.1002/chem.201503580. PMID 26584653.\n21. ↑ Volker Quaschning, *Regenerative Energiesysteme. Technologie – Berechnung – Simulation*. 8th. Edition. Hanser (Munich) 2013, p. 49.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85112837\n* GND: 4068598-6\n* SUDOC: 027491706\n* BNF: cb119519625 (data)\n* NDL: 00970210\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Thang-chài-seng lêng-goân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3222,7130,0.45189340813464235],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8764}} -{"text":"\n***BioShock*** sī 2007 nî chhut-phín ê tiān-chú iû-hì, lūi-hêng sī FPS/RPG ê saⁿ-lām, lōe-iông sī koan-hē khong-sióng ê 1960 nî-tāi hái-té siâⁿ-chhī *Rapture* ê kho-ha̍k siáu-soat goân-sò͘ kò͘-sū.\n\nGē-su̍t iūⁿ-sek\n---------------\n\nPún gém te̍k-pia̍t tiōng Art Déco hong-keh ê bí-si̍t siat-keh, kiam thàu lām chi̍t kóa bī-lâi-sek sêng-hun.\n\n*Bioshock* tùi Ayn Rand ê chok-phín *Atlas Shrugged* chioh ji̍p khài-liām lâi chè-chō sióng-siōng ê sè-kài.\n\nSòa-chiap chok-phín\n-------------------\n\n* BioShock 2\n* BioShock Infinite\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n### Su-chì\n\n* Feige, Daniel Martin (2012). \"Computer Games as Works of Art\". *Computer Games and New Media Cultures*. ISBN 978-94-007-2777-9.\n* Rose, Jason. \"The Value of Art in BioShock: Ayn Rand, Emotion, and Choice\". Chū Luke Cuddy. *BioShock and Philosophy: Irrational Game, Rational Book*. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 9781118915868.\n\n### Chù-kha\n\n1. 1 2 Feige 2012\n2. ↑ Rose 2015","meta":{"title":"BioShock","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[322,785,0.4101910828025478],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1006}} -{"text":"**Hiân-ga̍k-khì** sī ga̍k-khì lāi-té ê 1 ki, chí--ê sī thàu-koè tùi hiân chì-kek ê hong-sek,hō͘ hiân chùn-tōng, chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ tì-sú ga̍k-khì chhut-siaⁿ ê ga̍k-khì. Beh hō͘ hiân chùn-tōng, tio̍h ū hō͘ hiân pún-seng sán-seng tiong-le̍k ê ke-si, chit-lūi ê ga̍k-khì mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ū hō͘ hiân chhut-siaⁿ liáu-āu, siaⁿ-im thang thàu-koè kiōng-bêng lâi hàm-toā ê siat-kè tī-leh.\n\nNā àn-chiàu Hornbostel-Sachs hē-thóng ê ga̍k-khì hun-lūi-ha̍k, chit-lō goân-lí ê ga̍k-khì hō-chò hiân-bêng ga̍k-khì\n\nSán-seng siaⁿ-im ê hong-sek\n---------------------------\n\nKi-pún-siōng chit-lūi ê ga̍k-khì sán-seng siaⁿ-im ê hong-sek, tō sī thàu-koè tùi hiân kā \"poé\", \"e\" iah-sī \"tiak\" chit 3 chióng chhiú-lō͘, kin-kì chit 3 chióng hong-sek, lán thang kā chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ hun-chò \"poé-hiân ga̍k-khì\", \"e-hiân ga̍k-khì\" kap \"tiak-hiân ga̍k-khì\".\n\n* Poé-hiân ga̍k-khì: Poé hiân chhut-siaⁿ, ēng chéng-thâu-á, chéng-kah he̍k-chiá sī hia̍p-chō͘ ê ke-si lâi kā hiân poé tín-tāng. Gí-tah kap cheng tō sio̍k-tī chit-lūi.\n\n* E-hiân ga̍k-khì: E hiân chhut-siaⁿ. Chhiú-khîm, hiân-á kap toā-kóng-hiân tō sī án-ne hoat-siaⁿ--ê. E-á téng-koân sù-siông ē tàu bé boé ê mn̂g téng-téng chit-khoán khah gâu khê-chhat ê mi̍h,ēng lâi ti̍t-chiap e hiân.\n\n* Tiak-hiân ga̍k-khì: Tiak hiân chhut-siaⁿ. Kǹg-khîm tō sī chit-lūi ê ga̍k-khì.\n\nSui-bóng ū koân-téng ê hun-lūi, m̄-koh pēng bô tāi-piáu ta̍k-khoán ga̍k-khì ê chàu-hoat sī kò͘-tēng--ê. Pí-lūn chhiú-khîm chit-lūi ê e-hiân ga̍k-khì mā-sī ū poé hiân ê chàu-hoat tī-leh--leh.\n\nChiah-ê lia̍h-goā, poé-hiân kǹg-khîm (*harpsichord*) kap kǹg-khîm chit 2 chióng ga̍k-khì, it-poaⁿ-tek bô sǹg-chò phó-thong ê hiân-ga̍k-khì, in koh lēng-goā chò 1 lūi, hō-chò khîm-jí ga̍k-khì.","meta":{"title":"Hiân-ga̍k-khì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[454,1637,0.2773365913255956],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1918}} -{"text":"Hiān-tāi Tek-kok lāi ê Sū-óa-bûn (âng-sek). Nn̄g-sek ê só͘-chāi sī O͘-chhiū-nâ Bâ-á Kūn, hia sī Sū-óa-bûn hong-giân kah Siōng Lâi-in hong-giân (*Oberrheinalemannisch*) kah Khang-sū-thán-ô͘ hong-giân (*Bodenseealemannisch*) ê kòe-tō͘ tē-tài. Ah Pó͘-tǹg-ô͘ Kūn sai-pō͘ m̄ sī hiān-tāi Sū-óa-bûn ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Âng-sek khu-he̍k tiong-ng hit tiâu o͘-sòaⁿ sī Baden-Württemberg (sai) kah Bavaria (tang) ê kài-sòaⁿ.\nBaden-Württemberg ê bûn-chiong\n**Sū-óa-bûn** (Hàn-jī: 士瓦文; Tek-gí: **Schwaben**) sī Tek-kok sai-lâm-pō͘ chi̍t ê bûn-hòa-siōng, le̍k-sú-siōng, mā sī gí-giân-siōng ê tē-lí-khu. Sū-óa-bûn chit-ê miâ-chheng sī ùi tiong-sè-kí ê Sū-óa-bûn Kong-kok lâi--ê, kong-kok ê léng-thó͘ kah lēng-gōa chi̍t ê thoân-thóng tē-lí-khu A-lê-bān (*Alemannen*) ū tùi-tâng.\n\nSū-óa-bûn ê chāi-tē-lâng kiò-chò Sū-óa-bûn-lâng (*Schwabe*, *Schwaben*), in kóng ê ōe sī Sū-óa-bûn-ōe (*Schwäbische Dialekte*).\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nSū-óa-bûn ê kiong-kài bô bêng-khak ê tēng-gī, Au-chiu chiok chē bûn-hòa khu-he̍k mā lóng sī án-ne. Put-jî-kò, hiān-tāi lán it-poaⁿ sī kā kó͘-chá ê Sū-óa-bûn Hêng-chèng-kho͘ (*Schwäbischer Reichskreis*), he̍k-chiá sī ì-sù kāng-khoán ê Württemberg Chiu, he̍k-chiá sī hiān-tāi Thú-bēng-kǹg Hêng-chèng-khu (*Reg.-Bez. Tübingen*; tû-khì Bodensee Kūn í-chêng Bâ-tǹg tē-khu ê pō͘-hūn lia̍h-gōa), Sū-tu̍t-kat Hêng-chèng-khu (*Reg.-Bez. Stuttgart*), koh ū Bái-ián Sū-óa-bûn (*Reg.-Bez. Schwaben*).\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nKong-goân 1000 nî chó-iū ê Sū-óa-bûn Kong-kok \nTī Thih-khì Sî-tāi, Sū-óa-bûn Tē-khu siù-tio̍h La-tián Bûn-hòa ê éng-hióng, só͘-í in ê bûn-hòa mā ū Gallia ê ki-chhó͘ tī--leh. Lô-má Tè-kok sî-tāi, chia sī Raetia-séng ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn.\n\n### Sū-óa-bûn Kong-kok\n\n**Sū-óa-bûn** **Kong-kok** sī goân-pún Tang Hu̍t-lân-khek Ông-kok (tiō-sī āu-lâi ê Sîn-sèng Lô-má Tè-kok) ê chi̍t ê pō͘-lo̍k kong-kok. Hit-chūn ū kiàn-li̍p kúi-nā-ê tiōng-iàu ê siu-hōe-īⁿ, chhiūⁿ Sèng Ka-liân (*St. Gallen*) siu-hōe-īⁿ kah Lâi-hek-náu (*Reichenau*) siu-hōe-īⁿ, Sū-óa-bûn chū-án-ne tī chit-ê sî-kî chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t ê tiōng-iàu ê Kó͘-chá Ko-tē Tek-gí ê bûn-hòa tiōng-tìn.\n\nKhah-ló͘-lēng Ông-tiâu bóe-kî, **Sū-óa-bûn** si̍t-chè-siōng sī kok-li̍p--ê. 10 sè-kí chá-kî ū nn̄g ê ông-tiâu leh thóng-tī Sū-óa-bûn, chi̍t-ê sī thóng-tī Khu-hē-chhiàn (*Churrätien*) tē-khu ê Hun-hu̍t-lī-tēng (*Hunfriding*) pek-chiok, chi̍t-ê sī thóng-tī Bā-á (*Baar*) Tē-khu ê A-ha-ló͘-heng (*Ahalolfings*) ka-cho̍k. Nn̄g ê ông-tiâu chi-kan ū hoat-seng chhiong-tu̍t, lo̍h-bóe, tī 919 nî ê Bín-thah-hù-ò (*Winterthur*) Chiàn-cheng tiong, Hun-hu̍t-lī-tēng ê Bú-hā-toh 2-sè (*Burchard II*) sèng-lī. Tang Hu̍t-lân-khek ê sin kok-ông Hái-in-lī-hi 1-sè, sêng-jīn Bú-hā-toh 2-sè sī chi̍t ê kong-chiok, m̄-kò tī 960 nî-tāi, Bú-hā-toh 3-sè thóng-tī ê Sū-óa-bûn Kong-kok khì hō͘ O͘-thô͘ 1-sè ê Sîn-sèng Lô-má Tè-kok chia̍h-tiāu.\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\n### Gí-giân\n\nAlemanni hong-giân thoân-thóng-siōng (19, 20 sè-kí) ê hun-pò͘","meta":{"title":"Sū-óa-bûn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2816,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3280}} -{"text":"\n**Ji̍t-pún tsâi-thuân** (ji̍t-gú: 日本財団, ing-gú: Nippon Foundation) sī Ji̍t-pún Tang-kiann tsi̍t-ê su-jîn ê, hui-îng-lī ê puah-khuán [en] tsoo-tsit. Ji̍t-pún tsâi-thuân sī-iû ki̍k iū-i̍k [en] tsìng-tī-ka, tsiàn-huān hiâm-gî-jîn hām sing-lí-lâng Sasakawa Ryōichi [en] tī 1962-nî sóo tshòng-li̍p. Tsit-ê ki-kim-huē ê sú-bīng sī kā Ji̍t-pún motoo-bóo [en] pí-sài ê siu-ji̍p iōng teh tsû-siān ua̍h-tāng, lî-tshiánn koh lī-iōng tsit-pit tsu-kim teh kok-lāi-guā tsáu-tshuē tsuân-kiû hái-sū huat-tián hām jîn-tō tsú-gī kang-tsok uān-tsōo. Teh jîn-tō tsú-gī líng-i̍k, tiōng-tiám sī teh kuan-tsù siā-huē hok-lī, kong-kiōng uē-sing, kàu-io̍k tíng-tíng líng-i̍k. Tsit-ê ki-kim-huē iū-koh in-uī suan-iông Ji̍t-pún li̍k-sú siu-tsìng tsú-gī [en] jî-lâi siū-tio̍h phue-phîng, Ti̍k-pia̍t sī teh hún-sik Ji̍t-pún teh jī-tsiàn tang-tiong sóo huān ê iú-kuan tsiàn-tsing hong-bīn ê tsuē-hîng [en].\n\nUì 2003-nî í-lâi, tsit-ê ki-kim-huē it-ti̍t teh thui-kóng tshiú-gú; tsong-tsí sī hōo tshàu-hīnn lâng tshiong-hun tsham-ú siā-huē, in koh-teh Gallaudet tāi-ha̍k [en] kah Tsuân-kok tshàu-hīnn lâng ki-su̍t ha̍k-īnn [en] (NTID) uī-tio̍h tshàu-hīnn lâng siat-li̍p tsiáng-ha̍k-kim [en].\n\nHiān-jīm tsú-si̍k sī tsong-tsí teh siau-bia̍t ke-jiáu-hong ê sè-kài uī-sing tsoo-tsit tshin-siān tāi-sài [en], Ji̍t-pún tsìng-hú myanmar bîn-tso̍k hô-kái ti̍k-sú Sasakawa Yōhei [en], i tio̍h-sī ki-kim-huē tshòng-sí-jîn Sasakawa Ryōichi [en] ê hāu-senn.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ The Nippon Foundation Library, accessed 14 March 2013\n2. ↑ \"Nippon Foundation financial statements ,\"\n3. ↑ Nippon Foundation – Careers (Japanese), accessed 14 March 2013\n4. ↑ \"History on Trial: French Nippon Foundation Sues Scholar for Libel to Protect the Honor of Sasakawa Ryōichi—— •French, Japanese documents available\".\n5. ↑ \"Nippon Foundation Scholars\". *Gallaudet University* (ēng Eng-gí). 2022-06-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nÊn-sin ua̍t-to̍k\n----------------\n\n* *Entretien avec Nicolas Beau : « Les journalistes ne font pas leur travail »,* nouvelobs.com, 7 juin 2006. (Huat-gú)\n* 佐藤誠三郎『笹川良一研究 異次元からの使者』 中央公論社 1998年. ISBN2 4120028178 (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n* 曽野綾子『日本財団9年半の日々』 徳間書店 2005年. ISBN2 4198620326 (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* ki̍k iū-i̍k tsìng-tī [en] (ki̍k iū-i̍k/Far-right politics})\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* The Nippon Foundations website\n* The Nippon Foundation Blog\n* The Nippon Foundation Youtube\n* Scandinavia-Japan Sasakawa Foundation\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 145602024\n* LCCN: n98950822\n* ISNI: 0000 0004 1789 2754\n* GND: 1191384411\n* BIBSYS: 8027152\n* NDL: 001120306\n* CiNii: DA14907315\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Jit-pun châi-thoân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1419,2892,0.49066390041493774],"infobox":["
    Ji̍t-pún tsâi-thuân
    \n
    Tang-kiann Akasaka [en] ê Ji̍t-pún tsâi-thuân
    Chhòng-sí sî-kan\n1962 nî 10 goe̍h 1 ji̍t ji̍t (1962-10-01)
    Chhòng-sí-jîn\n
    Chū-chiau\nKàu-io̍k, i-liâu uē-sing [en], hái-ūn [en]
    Tē-tiám\n
    Ho̍k-bū khu-e̍k
    		\nTsuân-kiû
    Hong-hoat\nKià-hù hām puah-khuán
    Chú-iàu jîn-bu̍t
    		\nTsú-si̍k Sasakawa Yohei
    Tsóng-tshâi Ogata Takeju
    Siu-ji̍p
    		\n30,938,893,000JPY (FY2012)
    Oân-kang
    		\n94 (2012)
    Bāng-chām\nwww.nippon-foundation.or.jp/en/
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2919}} -{"text":"\n***Liông-sîn Kiat-sî*** (良辰吉時) sī Tâi-oân CATCHPLAY+ ê tiān-sī-kio̍k‎ î 2022 nî 3 go̍eh 27 kàu chì 2022 nî 4 go̍eh 24 ji̍t pò͘-chhut ê liân-sio̍k-kio̍k.\n\nCheng-gī\n--------\n\nChit chhut hì ê chú-tê-khek *I Promise* siū Tē 57 Kài Kim-cheng-chióng ê khún-tēng, tek tio̍h Chú-tê Koa-khek Chióng. Chú-tê Koa-khek Chióng mā sī tī hit kài Kim-cheng-chióng thâu 1 pái siat ê chióng-lūi. Tio̍h chióng liáu-āu, soah hông hoat-hiān chit tiâu koa-khek si̍t-chè siōng sī 2021 nî Tāi-kah Má-chó͘ Sûn-kéng ê khai-bō͘ koa-khek. M̄-sī ūi pún hì-chhut só͘ choh ê koa-khek. Keng-kòe kúi-ā-ji̍t ê tiau-cha, Bûn-hòa-pō͘ jīn-tēng *I Promise* chit tiâu koa-khek khak-si̍t sī iû \"Tāi-kah Má-chó͘ Sûn-kéng\" só͘ iōng ê koa lâi kái-pian. In-ūi án-ne bô hû-ha̍p Kim-cheng-chióng ê chióng-lē iàu-tiám: Chú-tê Koa-khek Chióng èng-tong ài sī ūi bó͘ hì-chhut a̍h-sī mini hì-kio̍k lâi chhòng-chok ê choân-sin chok-phín. Só͘-í bóe-á Bûn-hòa-pō͘ kong-kò, kái kā Chú-tê Koa-khek Chióng pan hō͘ *Sio̍k-lú Ióng-sêng Kì 2* ê hì-kio̍k koa-khek *Ô-á Mī-sòaⁿ*.\n\nChham-khó Chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Tē 57 Kài Kim-cheng-chióng ê Chú-tê Koa-khek Chióng *I Promise* chhú-siau tio̍h chióng chu-keh, kái iû *Ô-á Mī-sòaⁿ* tek chióng. Bûn-hòa-pō͘ chiam-tùi hêng-chèng so͘-sit tō-khiam","meta":{"title":"Liông-sîn Kiat-sî","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[833,1837,0.45345672291780076],"infobox":["
    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    Liông-sîn Kiat-sî
    良辰吉時
    Twisted Strings
    Lūi-hêng\n
    Keh-sek\n電視劇
    Pian-kio̍k\n黃熙
    Tō-ián\n黃熙
    Chú-ián\n
    Chè-chok kok-ka\n\"\" Tâi-oân
    Gí-giân\n現代標準漢語、台語
    Kùi-sò͘\n1
    Chi̍p-sò͘\n7集
    Tn̂g-tō͘\n約47－53分鐘
    Phòe-ga̍k\n林強、許志遠
    Phìⁿ-thâu-khek\n范曉萱《I Promise》
    Phìⁿ-bóe-khek\n老王樂隊《我還年輕 我還年輕》
    Chè-chok
    Chè-chok-jîn\n邵東旭
    Kàm-chè\n陳劭怡、李志緯、張龍敏
    Gōa-kéng\n\"\" Tâi-oân
    Liap-iáⁿ\n姚宏易
    Chè-chok kong-si\n三樂電影
    Pò͘-èng\n
    Siú-pò pîn-tō\n
    \n
    Sī-sìn keh-sek\n-{zh-tw:高畫質電視;zh-hant:高清電視;zh-hans:高清电视}-
    Im-sìn keh-sek\n立體聲
    Pò-chhut kok-ka\n\"\" Tâi-oân
    Gōa-pō͘
    \nIMDb kài-siāu
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1418}} -{"text":"**Hoān Peng-peng** (范冰冰, 1981 nî 9 goe̍h 16 ji̍t chhut-sì ) sī Tiong-kok chhut-miâ ê ián-goân kiam koa-chhiú,tī Soaⁿ-tang Chheng-tó chhut-sì, chó͘-che̍k Ian-tâi, ū ián tiān-sī-kio̍k, tiān-iáⁿ kap phah kóng-kò, bāng-iú kā i chheng-ho͘ chòe Hoān-iâ(范爺), tāi-piáu chok-phín ū *Koan-im-soaⁿ* (觀音山), *Phōng-kó* (蘋果), *Chhiú-ki* (手機),*Jī-chhù pho̍͘k-kng* (二次曝光) téng-téng, gú-giân lêng-le̍k tû-liáu Hôa-gú í-gōa, i mā ōe-hiáu kóng tām-po̍h-á ê Hoat-gú, sī hiān-chhú-sî tī Tiong-kok éng-hióng-le̍k kài tōa ê gē-jîn.\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Bingbing Fan tī Bāng-lō͘ Tiān-iáⁿ Chu-liāu-khò͘\n* Fan Bingbing 范冰冰 ê Facebook choan-ia̍h\n* Hoān Peng-peng tī Sin-lōng Bî-phok (Hàn-gí) registration required\n* Hoān Peng-peng tī Instagram\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 95089126\n* LCCN: no2007114628\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 7854 4383\n* GND: 1143148878\n* SUDOC: 17623571X\n* BNF: cb16192365x (data)\n* MusicBrainz: 19e62fde-cab5-4d3f-a9f7-522893e14b28\n* NLA: 40850414\n* NKC: xx0159403\n* BNE: XX5256454\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Hoān Peng-peng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[383,921,0.4158523344191097],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1193}} -{"text":"\n\n***Lucky Luke*** sī Morris oē ê chi̍t-hē-lia̍t ang-á-oē. Kò͘-sū ê chú-kak Lucky Luke sī Bí-kok sai-pō͘ ê chi̍t-ê cowboy. Ang-á-oē āu--lâi mā ū hông kái-chò bàng-gah iáⁿ-chi̍p kap tiān-iáⁿ.\n\nChhut-pán le̍k-sú\n-----------------\n\nMorris tī 1946 nî khai-sí oē *Lucky Luke*. Tē-1-ê kò͘-sū hō chò *Arizona 1880*, tī ang-á-oē cha̍p-chì *Le Journal de Spirou* hoat-piáu. Thâu-khí-seng kúi tang lóng sī Morris kā-kī oē tô͘ kā-kī siá kò͘-sū. Āu--lâi i kap René Goscinny ha̍p-chok, 1955 nî khái-sí kái hō͘ Goscinny pian-siá kò͘-sū. Morris kap Goscinny ha̍p-chok it-ti̍t kàu Goscinny 1977 nî koè-sin chiah soah, chit-toāⁿ sî-kan sī *Lucky Luke* siāng sî-kiâⁿ ê sî-chūn.\n\nĀu--lâi Morris mā ū kap pa̍t-ê chok-chiá ha̍p-chok, pau-koat Xavier Fauche kap Jean Léturgie. Morris tī 2001 nî koè-sin liáu-āu, hiān-chú-sî ê pán-pún sī Achdé (tô͘) kap Laurent Gerra (kò͘-sū) teh chhòng-chok, ang-á-oē ê miâ mā kái chò *Les nouvelles aventures de Lucky Luke* (Lucky Luke ê sin mō͘-hiám).","meta":{"title":"Lucky Luke","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,900,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1087}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\n**Hiàn-hoat** (憲法), koh hō-chò **hiàn-chiong** (憲章), **kin-pún-hoat** (根本法) he̍k-chiá **hiàn-chè bûn-kiāⁿ** (憲制文件), sī chi̍t ê chú-khoân kok-ka, chèng-tī si̍t-thé, chū-tī tē-khu, liân-pang-chè kok-ka ê liân-pang-chiu, ia̍h-sī kok-chè cho͘-chit ê siāng ki-pún hoat-lu̍t. Hām hiàn-hoat ū kāng-khoán tē-ūi ê hoat-lu̍t iáu-koh ū ki-pún-hoat.\n\nHiàn-hoat thong-siông kui-tēng chi̍t ê kok-ka ê siā-hōe chè-tō͘, kok-ka chè-tō͘, kok-ka ki-koan, kong-bîn ê ki-pún khoân-lī kap gī-bū téng, m̄-koh bô-it-tēng pau-hâm í-siōng choân-pō͘ lōe-iông, chhin-chhiūⁿ ē chiām-chiām cheng-ka hiàn-hoat lōe-iông ê Eng-kok put-sêng-bûn hiàn-hoat. Ū-ê hiàn-hoat (te̍k-pia̍t sī sêng-bûn hiàn-hoat) ē hān-chè chèng-hú ê khoân-lī, i-ê hong-sek sī chè-tēng chi̍t-kóa chèng-hú khoân-lī ê ūn-chok hoān-ûi (chhin-chhiūⁿ jîn-bîn ê ki-pún-khoân), chhiūⁿ Bí-kok Hiàn-hoat chiū sī chit khoán hiàn-hoat. Hiàn-hoat ê chè-tēng kap siu-kái it-poaⁿ ài keng-kòe te̍k-tēng ê thêng-sū. Khó-niû Bí-kok Hiàn-hoat kap Bí-kok o͘-lô͘ chân-keng tông-sî pēng-chûn, jīn-tēng hiàn-hoat pēng m̄-sī bîn-chú kok-ka te̍k-iú ê hoat-lu̍t chióng-lūi, í hiàn-hoat ê goân-bûn *constitution* chò-ûi su-khó ê khí-tiám, hiàn-hoat ê tēng-gī kî-si̍t sī kok-ka ki-pún kiat-kò͘ ê ì-sù.\n\nÌn-tō͘ Hiàn-hoat sī sè-kài só͘-ū chú-khoân kok-ka phian-hok siāng tn̂g ê sêng-bûn hiàn-hoat, chóng-kiōng ū 444 tiâu, pun 22 chiuⁿ, 12 tiuⁿ pió, kap 118 ê siu-chèng-àn; nā hoan-e̍k chò Ìn-tō͘ Eng-gí ū 117,369 jī. Siong-tùi, Bí-kok Hiàn-hoat sī phian-hok siāng té ê sêng-bûn hiàn-hoat, chóng-kiōng 7 tiâu kap 27 ê siu-chèng-àn, ha̍p-kè 4,400 jī.\n\nTe̍k-sèng\n---------\n\nLí-lūn-siōng, hiàn-hoat ê hāu-le̍k pí pún-kok kî-thaⁿ hoat-lu̍t kap hoat-kui koân. Hiàn-hoat hoán-èng kai-kip le̍k-liōng ê tùi-pí koan-hē. M̄-koh tī hiān-si̍t tiong, hiàn-hoat pēng m̄-sī tī só͘-ū kok-ka lāi lóng ū khoân-ui-sèng. Tī bô-kāng ê sî-tāi kap lūi-hêng ê kok-ka, hiàn-hoat ê hêng-sek kap lōe-iông mā bô-siáⁿ-kāng, m̄-koh lóng sī thóng-tī kai-kip ì-chì ê piáu-hiān, sī si̍t-hiān in kai-kip choan-chèng ê tiōng-iàu kang-kū. Ūi-tio̍h beh pó-chèng hiàn-hoat ê khoân-ui-sèng, su-iàu chi̍t thò siong-èng ê thé-hē lâi khak-pó bô lâng ē-tàng ûi-pōe hiàn-hoat. Che chiū sī ûi-hiàn sím-cha. Tī hiān-tāi bîn-chú kok-ka, in-ūi si̍t-si ûi-hiàn sím-cha chè-tō͘, chi̍t tiâu hoat-kui jû-kó hām hiàn-hoat sio ûi-pōe, tiō ē sit-hāu. Ah tī hui-bîn-chú kok-ka, hiàn-hoat ê siāng koân hāu-le̍k keng-siông bē-tàng tit-tio̍h ū-hāu ê î-hō͘, tì-sú hiàn-hoat sit-khì ì-gī.","meta":{"title":"Hiàn-hoat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[46,2475,0.018585858585858588],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2808}} -{"text":"\n\n**Mahabharata** (Devanagari-bûn siá-chò महाभारत) sī kó͘-chá Ìn-tō͘ ê 1-phiⁿ chong-kàu-tek, tiat-ha̍k-tek, sîn-oē-tek sū-sū-si. Mahabharata mā sī Ìn-tō͘-kàu ê 1-phō sèng-chu, m̄-nā án-ne, Mahabharata koh sī sè-kài-siōng 3-toā sū-sū-si lāi-té ê 1-siú, koh i hām Ramayana mā kāng-sî sī kó͘-chá Ìn-tō͘ ê 2-siú chú-iàu ê Sanskrit ê sū-sū-si.\n\nMahabharata lóng-chóng ū chhiau-koè 74,000-chiat, koh lēng-goā ū chin tn̂g ê sàn-bûn ê pō͘-hūn, jī-sò͘ chha-put-to ū 180-bān, sī choân-sè-kài siōng-tn̂g ê sū-sū-si. Pí--khí-lâi, Mahabharata iok-kî-lio̍k sī Sèng-keng tn̂g-tō͘ ê 4-poē, koh tāi-iok sī Ilias hām Odusseia ka--khí-lâi ê 10-poē, nā kap Ramayana pí, Mahabharata mā ū i ê 4-poē hiah tn̂g--leh.\n\nTī Ìn-tō͘, Mahabharata ū chin khoah koh chin chhim ê chong-kàu kap tiat-ha̍k tiōng-iàu-sèng, chit-tiám, tùi i te̍k-pia̍t hō͘ lâng siu tī Ìn-tō͘-kàu ê keng-su Bhagavad Gita lāi-té, tō khoàⁿ-ē--chhut-lâi.\n\n\"Mahabharata\" ê ì-sù sī \"Úi-tāi ê Bharata\", ēng chit-má ê oē lâi kóng, tō-sī \"Úi-tāi ê Ìn-tō͘\" ia̍h-sī \"Bharata ông-tiâu úi-tāi ê kò͘-sū\" ê ì-sù.\n\nThoân-thóng ê kóng-hoat lóng sī kā Vyasa tòng-chò chok-chiá. Chóng--sī chit-siú sū-sū-si kài tn̂g--leh, kú-tn̂g í-lâi, koan-hē i ê bûn-hiàn gián-kiù, lóng ti̍t-ti̍t siūⁿ-beh hun-thiah i tī bô-kâng le̍k-sú sî-tāi ê hoat-tián kap cho͘-ha̍p. Chit-siú sū-sū-si ê kin-thâu kiám-chhái sī tī se-goân-chêng tē-8 ia̍h tē-9 sè-kí, m̄-koh hiān-chhú-sî chit-ê pán-pún siōng-chá ê nî-tāi èng-kai bē khah chá koè se-goân-chêng 400-nî.","meta":{"title":"Mahabharata","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[187,1654,0.11305925030229746],"infobox":["
    Mahabharata
    \nमहाभारतम्
    \n\"Mahabharata\"
    Manuscript illustration of the Battle of Kurukshetra
    Information
    Religion\nHinduism
    Author\nVyasa
    Language\nSanskrit
    Chapters\n18 Parvas
    Verses\n200,000
    Full text
    \n\"\" Mahabharata at English Wikisource
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1690}} -{"text":"\n**Chile Kiōng-hô-kok** (Se-pan-gâ-gí: La República de Chile) sī tī Lâm Bí-chiu sai-lâm-hōaⁿ, Andes-soaⁿ kap Thài-pêng-iûⁿ tiong-kan ê kok-ka. Piⁿ--a ū Argentina, Bolivia, Perú 3 kok.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nAtacama\nPe̍h-sek pō·-hūn sī Chile\n\nChile sī lâm-pak-tn̂g siāng tn̂g ê kok-ka, chhiau-kòe 4200 km. I ê niá-thó· sī Andes-soaⁿ-me̍h sai-pêng oá hái-kîⁿ ê 1 liâu tē. Tang-se siāng khoah ke̍k-ke 430 km chó-iū.\n\nPak-pō· ê Atacama soa-bô· ū hong-hù ê khòng-bu̍t-chit ê chu-goân, te̍k-pia̍t sī tâng kap nitrate. Tiong-pō· ê soaⁿ-kok (siú-to· Santiago ê ūi-tì) sui-bóng thó·-tē khah e̍h, khiok-sī ū choân-kok siāng tōa ê lông-gia̍p chu-goân kap siāng chē jîn-kháu. Le̍k-sú-siōng Chile oân-ná sī tùi chit tah khai-sí tùi-gōa khok-chhiong, tī 19 sè-kí boán-kî thóng-it pak-lâm ê tē-khu. Lâm-pō· ū chin chē sim-nâ kap chháu-po·, koh ū hóe-soaⁿ, ū ô·. Hit tah ê hái-hōaⁿ tē-hêng ho̍k-cha̍p, fjord, chúi-tō, hô-chhùi, oan-oan-khiau-khiau ê poàn-tó, tó-sū móa-móa-sī.\n\nChile chèng-hú jīn-ûi in ê niá-thó· pau-koah Lâm-ke̍k tāi-lio̍k ê 1 tōa pō·-hūn. Chile thóng-tī Rapa Nui (Se-pan-gâ-oē: Isla de Pascua, Eng-gí: Easter Island) chit ê Lâm-tó-bîn-cho̍k siāng tang-peng ê hái-tó (1888 nî siu-ji̍p i ê pán-tô·) í-ki̍p Juan Fernández kûn-tó tang-tiong ê Robinson Crusoe Tó (lī pún-kok 400 km hn̄g).\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nIok-lio̍k 85% ê jîn-kháu chi̍p-tiong tī to·-chhī, kî-tiong 4-siâⁿ tiàm Tōa Santiago khiā-khí. 2004 nî ê jîn-kháu ū 1580 bān, sêng-tióng-lu̍t 1.4%. Chhut-seⁿ sî ê ū-kî hòe-siū (*life expectancy at birth*) 76 nî; 5-hòe í-hā ê jî-tông sí-bông-lu̍t chheng-hun-chi-12 (2002 nî).\n\nTōa-pō·-hūn ê Chile-lâng ū Se-pan-gâ hām goân-chū-bîn ê hiat-thóng. Si̍t-bîn sî-tāi ū sió-tīn ê Éire-lâng kap Eng-kok-lâng î-bîn khì kàu Chile; in jîn-sò· chió m̄-koh ū éng-hióng-la̍t. Tùi 1848 nî khí khai-sí ū Tek-kok-lâng î-bîn kòe hia. Tī Valdivia, Llanquihue, Osorno chit-kóa lâm-pō· séng ē-tit khòaⁿ-tio̍h Tek-kok bûn-hòa ê kha-jia̍h. Khah chú-iàu ê î-bîn tīn iáu-koh ū Italia-lâng, Hrvatska-lâng (Eng-gí: Croats), Hoat-kok-lâng, Tiong-tang-lâng. Tiong-lâm tē-tài hit tah tòa 80-bān lâng chó-iū ê goân-chū-bîn, khah chē sī Mapuche-cho̍k--ê. Aymara kap Diaguita chit 2 cho̍k chú-iàu tī pak-pêng ê soa-bô· soaⁿ-kok hit tah-á. Rapanui-lâng chú-iàu tòa Rapa Nui.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nChile tī 1818 nî 2-goe̍h 12 soan-pò· tùi Se-pan-gâ to̍k-li̍p. Chèng-tī-siōng ê kái-piàn bô éng-hióng siā-hōe ê ki-pún kiat-kò·, ē-sái kóng 19 sè-kí ê Chile siā-hōe hām í-chá kai-kip hun-bêng ê si̍t-bîn siā-hōe bô jōa tōa ê chha-pia̍t. Tōa tē-chú ka-cho̍k kap Lô-má Thian-chú-kàu ê thé-chè 1 tōa pō·-hūn chiáng-ak chèng-tī koân-le̍k. Kàu kah 19 sè-kí bóe-kî, tiàm tī Santiago chit-ê tiong-sim ê chèng-koân thàu-kòe táⁿ-ap Mapuche goân-chū-bîn ê chhiú-tōaⁿ lâi kióng-kò· i tī lâm-pêng ê sè-le̍k. 1881 nî Chile hām Argentina chhiam tiâu-iok khak-li̍p Chile ê chú-koân pau-koah Magalhães Hái-kiap. 1879 nî kàu 83 nî tiong-kan, Chile kap Perú, Bolivia sio-chiàn. Chit ê Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Chiàn-cheng kiat-sok liáu-āu, Chile ê niá-thó· tōa-tōa hiòng pak khok-chhiong, ka-thiam 3-hun-chi-1 chē, kî-tiong pau-koah pak-pō· pó-kùi ê nitrate khòng-khu. Kàu-kah 19 sè-kí bóe-kî, Chile sêng-li̍p lōe-koh-chè ê bîn-chú chè-tō·. Chóng--sī āu--lâi choán-piàn chò pó-hō· thóng-tī chi̍p-thoân lī-ek ê chè-tō·. 1920 nî-tāi, sin-heng ê tiong-sán kái-kip hām lô-kang kái-kip ū-kàu si̍t-le̍k soán chhut 1-ūi kái-kek-phài ê chóng-thóng, put-jî-kò i ê kè-e̍k siū pó-siú ê kok-hōe chó·-tòng. Siâng-hit-sî ū Marx-chú-gī cho·-chit hoat-tián--khí-lâi; in siū tāi-chiòng hoan-gêng.\n\nCarlos Ibáñez chiong-kun tùi 1924 nî kàu 32 nî thóng-tī Chile. Chit tōaⁿ sî-kan ê chèng-tī, keng-chè bô ún-tēng. 1932 nî hôe-ho̍k hiàn-hoat chèng-tī, Kip-chìn-tóng (Partido Radical) chhut-thâu-thiⁿ, tī chiap-sòa ê 20 tang-lāi chiâⁿ-chò liân-ha̍p chèng-hú ê tiong-sim sè-le̍k. Chit-ê sî-kî kok-ka ke-khì tī keng-chè léng-he̍k ê kak-sek ná tōa--khí-lâi.\n\nKi-tok-kàu Bîn-chú-tóng ê Eduardo Frei Montalva tī 1964 nî ê chóng-thóng soán-kí tōa-iâⁿ, Chile chū án-ne ta̍h ji̍p 1 tōaⁿ tōa kái-kek ê sî-kî. Kok-chióng siā-hōe chèng-chhek lóng siū éng-hióng, pau-koah kàu-io̍k, ki-chū, lông-gia̍p. Chóng--sī kàu kah 1967 nî, khah chó-phài ê sè-le̍k hiâm chiah-ê kái-kek bô-kàu, ah pó-siú-phài hiâm siūⁿ kòe-thâu. 1970 hit nî, chó-phài chèng-tóng liân-bêng ê thâu-lâng Salvador Allende sió-iâⁿ kî-thaⁿ 2-ê hiō-soán-jîn. I ê \"Jîn-bîn Thoân-kiat\" (Unidad Popular) tīn-iâⁿ ê sêng-oân pau-koah Siā-hōe-tóng (Partido Socialista de Chile), kiōng-sán-chú-gī hūn-chú, kî-thaⁿ ê kip-chìn hūn-chú, kap Ki-tok-kàu Bîn-chú-tóng tóng-lāi ê ī-gī hūn-chú. Allende ê chèng-chhek pau-koah chìn-1-pō· chiong sán-gia̍p kok-iú-hòa, pau-koah Bí-kok châi-thoân tī Chile tâu-chu ê tâng-khòng. Thó·-tē mā beh têng-sin hun-phòe.\n\nTī 1973 nî 9-goe̍h 11, kun-hong hoat-tōng chèng-piàn thui-hoan Allende ê chèng-hú, ū tit-tio̍h Bí-kok ê ún-chún kap chi-chhî. Allende tī khong-kun hong-chà chóng-thóng-hú ê kî-kan sí-bông. Kun-thâu Augusto Pinochet chiong-kun chiūⁿ-tâi liáu-āu tōa-liōng phek-hāi chó-phài jîn-sū, chau-that jîn-koân. 1980 nî 9-goe̍h 11 ê kong-bîn tâu-phiò thong-kòe sin hiàn-hoat àn; Pinochet chiâⁿ-chò chóng-thóng, 1 jīm 8 tang. \n\nChóng--sī 1988 nî 10-goe̍h 5 ê kong-bîn tâu-phiò bô ún-chún Pinochet chiap-sòa liân-jīm--lo̍h-khì. Keh-tńg-nî ê 12-goe̍h 14 ê soán-kí soán chhut Ki-tok-kàu Bîn-chú-tóng ê Patricio Aylwin tam-jīm chóng-thóng, tùi 1990 nî chò kàu 1994 nî. Tī 1993 nî 12-goe̍h ê soán-kí, Ki-tok-kàu Bîn-chú-tóng ê Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle (chêng-chóng-thóng ê hāu-seⁿ) í to-sò· phiò soán tiâu, 1994 nî 3-goe̍h chiū-jīm, kàu 2000 nî ûi-chí.\n\nTī 2000 nî 3-goe̍h 11, chóng-thóng kái iû Ricardo Lagos Escovar tam-jīm. I sī chó-phài Ūi Bîn-chú ê Tóng (Partido por la Democracia) kap Siā-hōe-tóng ê jîn-bu̍t. Lagos ê jîn-khì pang-chān i ê chêng oē-seng pō·-tiúⁿ/āu--lâi ê kok-hông pō·-tiúⁿ Michelle Bachelet tī 2006 nî 3 goe̍h chiap i ê ūi.\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\nChóng-thóng sī hêng-chèng pō·-mn̂g ê thâu-lâng. Goân-pún 1 jīm 6 tang, chòe-kīn ê hiàn-hoat kái-kek kiám chò 4 tang. Chóng-thóng bē-tàng sûi liân-jīm, m̄-koh ē-tàng làng jīm chham-soán. I ū koân chí-phài lōe-koh. \n\nAugusto Pinochet tī 1981 nî thong-kòe sin hiàn-hoat cheng-ka chóng-thóng ê koân-le̍k, jī-chhiáⁿ chiong kun-hong chhap chèng-tī ê kak-sek chè-tō·-hòa. 1988 nî í-āu ê hiàn-hoat keng-kòe kúi-nā-pái ê siu-tēng, chóng-thóng kap kun-hong ê koân-le̍k kiám chió--khì.\n\nSu-hoat pō·-mn̂g ê chòe-ko ki-kò· sī i ê Chòe-ko Hoat-īⁿ. Koan-hē hiàn-hoat ê gī-tê lēng-gōa ū 1 ê Hiàn-hoat Hoat-īⁿ hoa̍t-lo̍h; i ê koân-le̍k pau-koah hó·ⁿ-koat jīn-hô pī jīn-tēng ûi-hiàn ê hoat-lu̍t.\n\nLi̍p-hoat pō·-mn̂g hun 2 īⁿ. Chham-gī-īⁿ ū 38-ê ūi iû soán-bîn tâu-phiò sán-seng, lēng-gōa ū 9-ê ūi iû chi̍t-kóa-á chèng-hú ki-kò· chí-phài, chhin-chhiūⁿ Kok-ka An-choân-hōe, su-hoat hē-thóng, kap chóng-thóng í-ki̍p chêng-jīm chóng-thóng. Chham-gī-oân 1 jīm chò 8 nî. Tāi-piáu-īⁿ (Cámara de Diputados) ū 120-ê ūi, lóng-chóng iû kong-bîn soán-chhut, 1 jīm chò 4-nî.\n\nHêng-chèng tan-ūi\n-----------------\n\nHiān-tāi ê Chile pun chò 13 ê tē-khu (chòe-ko koaⁿ-oân hō-chò *intendente*), ē-kha koh siat séng (séng-tiúⁿ hō-chò *Gobernador provincial*), séng ē-kha siat *Comuna*. Chóng-thóng chí-phài chiah-ê *intendente* kap *gobernador*. Comuna ê tiúⁿ-koaⁿ iû soán-kí koat-tēng.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nChile sī Latin Bí-chiu siāng kang-gia̍p-hòa ê 1-ê kok-ka. Pak-pō· ê sán-gia̍p chú-iàu hām khòng-bu̍t ū koan-hē. Lâm-pō· ê lông-gia̍p, hî-gia̍p, chhâ-bo̍k-gia̍p te̍k-pia̍t hoat-ta̍t. Tōa-pō·-hūn ê ho̍k-bū-gia̍p kap kang-gia̍p tī tiong-pō·. Lióng-tōa káng-kháu (Valparaíso, San Antonio) lī Santiago ke̍k-ke 100 km hn̄g.\n\nGDP 65% sī tùi-gōa bō·-ek. Khòng-bu̍t kap lông-sán-phín sī chú-iàu ê gōa-siau sán-phín. Kî-tiong tâng chiàm 4-siâⁿ ê keng-chè-ta̍t. Che pí 30 nî-chêng chiàm 7-siâⁿ khah chió gia̍h. Chòe-kīn kúi nî, Chile khai-sí gōa-siau phû-tô-chiú, chun-hî (*salmon*), chhâ-chiuⁿ téng-téng ê sán-phín.\n\nKoan-kong-gia̍p tī chòe-kīn kúi nî kip-sok sêng-tióng. Pak-pō· ê soa-bō· í-ki̍p lâm-pō· ê chhiū-nâ te̍k-pia̍t siū hoan-gêng.\n\nKeng-chè tī 1990 nî-tāi tōa sêng-tióng, ta̍k nî ê sêng-tióng-lu̍t tī 7% chì 12% chi-kan. 1997 nî A-chiu kim-iông gûi-ki hoat-seng liáu-āu, sêng-tióng-lu̍t pàng bān chhun 3% chó-iū. Chòe-kīn ū hoan-thâu ê chhu-sè, tī 2004 nî kīn 6%.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:Chile*** |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nLâm-bí ê kok-ka kap i-lāi-tē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Kok-ka | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Chú-khoân kok-ka | Argentina · Bolivia · Pa-se · Chile · Colombia · Ecuador · Guyana · Paraguay · Peru · Suriname · Uruguay · Venezuela |\n| |\n| Pō͘-hūn | Hoat-kok léng Guiana (Hoat-kok) |\n\n | |\n| |\n| I-lāi-tē | Falkland Kûn-tó / Lâm Georgia kap Lâm Sandwich Kûn-tó (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok) |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 233665742\n* LCCN: n79061242\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2169 5380\n* GND: 4009929-5\n* SUDOC: 027222950\n* BNF: cb11931184v (data)\n* BIBSYS: 90626832\n* HDS: 003394\n* NLA: 35027985\n* NDL: 00573068\n* NKC: ge128927\n* BNE: XX451164\n* CiNii: DA02624743\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Chile","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1800,9796,0.1837484687627603],"infobox":["\n
    Chile Kiōng-hô-kok
    República de Chile
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Chile
    \n
    kok-kî
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Chile
    \n
    kok-hui
    \n
    \n
    \nChu-kù: Por la razón o la fuerza
    \"Ēng lí-sèng ia̍h-sī bú-le̍k\"
    \nKok-koa: Himno Nacional de Chile
    \"Chile Kok-koa\"
    \n
    Siú-to͘
    kap siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī
    		\nSantiago
    Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân\n
    Sêng-jīn ê kok-ka gí-giân\nSe-pan-gâ-gí
    Chèng-hú\ntan-it-chè, chóng-thóng-chè, kiōng-hô-kok
    • chóng-thóng
    		\nGabriel Boric
    • Goân-ló-īⁿ gī-tiúⁿ
    		\nÁlvaro Elizalde
    • Tāi-gī-īⁿ gī-tiúⁿ
    		\nRaúl Soto
    • Hiàn-hoat Chè-tēng Hoē-gī gī-tiúⁿ
    		\nMaría Elisa Quinteros
    • Choè-ko hoat-īⁿ īⁿ-tiúⁿ
    		\nGuillermo Silva
    Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘\nKok-bîn Gī-hoē
    • Siōng-īⁿ
    		\nGoân-ló-īⁿ
    • Hā-īⁿ
    		\nTāi-gī-īⁿ
    Bīn-chek
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n756,096.3 km2 (291,930.4 sq mi) (tē 37 miâ)
    • chúi-he̍k (%)
    		\n2.1
    Jîn-kháu
    • 2017 nî phó͘-cha
    		\n17,574,003 (tē 64 miâ)
    • Bi̍t-tō͘
    		\n24/km2 (62.2/sq mi) (tē 198 miâ)
    GDP (PPP)\n2020 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Decrease\"$456.394 cha̍p-ek (tē 43 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Decrease\"$23,455 (tē 57 miâ)
    GDP (bêng-gī)\n2020 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Decrease\"$245.414 cha̍p-ek (tē 45 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Decrease\"$12,612 (tē 55 miâ)
    Gini (2021 nî)\n\"Negative 46
    ko
    HDI (2019 nî)\n\"Increase\" 0.851
    chin ko · tē 43 miâ
    Hoè-pè\nChile peso (CLP)
    Sî-khu\nUTC-4 ~ -6 (CLT/EAST)
    • Hā-sî-kan (DST)
    		\nUTC-3 ~ -5 (CLST/EASST)
    Sî-kan keh-sek\ndd/mm/yyyy
    Khui-chhia hong-hiòng\niū
    Tiān-oē khu-hō\n+56
    ISO 3166 tāi-hō\nCL
    Siōng-téng domain\n.cl
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":10322}} -{"text":"\n\n| Tiong-kok kok-kua [en] |\n| --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n|  \"Pu Tian Yue\" (hui kuan-hong) | 1878–1896\n |\n|  \"Tune of Li Zhongtang\" (hui kuan-hong) | 1896–1906\n |\n|  \"Praise the Dragon Flag\" (hui kuan-hong) | 1906–1911\n |\n|  \"Cup of Solid Gold\" | 1911–1912\n |\n|  \"Song of Five Races Under One Union\" | 1912–1913\n |\n|  \"Khing-hûn kua\" | 1913–1915\n |\n|  \"Tiong-huâ hiông-li̍p ú-tiū kan\" | 1915–1921\n |\n|  \"Khing-hûn kua\" | 1921–1928\n |\n|  \"Sam-bîn tsú-gī kua\" | 1928–present\n |\n|  \"Kok-tsè kua\" | 1931–1937\n |\n|  \"Gī-ióng-kun tsìn-hîng-khik\" | 1949–bo̍k-tsiân\n |\n\n |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\nGī-ióng-kun Chìn-hêng-khek tan-khek\n**Gī-ióng-kun Chìn-hêng-khek** (義勇軍進行曲) sī Tiong-kok hiān-sî ê kok-koa; 1935 nî iû Tiân Hàn chok-sû, Lia̍p Ní chok-khek. Lia̍p Ní tong-nî sī kan-nā chhòng-chok kán-tan ê chú-soân-lu̍t phoāⁿ-chàu ga̍k-phó͘, bô-gōa-kú tiō chiâⁿ-chò Tiong-kok tiān-iáⁿ *Hong-hûn Jî-lú* ê chú-tê-koa, pēng hō͘ Bí-kok o͘-lâng koa-chhiùⁿ-ka Paul Robeson hoan-chhiùⁿ, lâi siaⁿ-oân Tiong-kok jîn-bîn ê kek-bēng tàu-cheng. Bo̍k-chiân, kok-lūi ga̍k-tūi teh ián-chàu chit-siú koa kap ha̍p-chhiùⁿ phoāⁿ-chàu ê sî, tōa-to àn-chiàu Lí Hoàn-chi tī 1953 nî ūi chit-tiâu koa siá-chok ê koán-hiân-ga̍k chóng-phó͘. Chit-tiâu koa tī khòng-ji̍t chiàn-cheng sî-kî tiō í-keng chin liû-hêng, bat hō͘ iû Tè An-lân chiong-kun chò su-tiúⁿ ê Kok-bîn Kek-bēng-kun Tē-gō͘-kun 200-su tēng-chò kun-koa. 1949 nî , Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok sêng-li̍p ê sî, Tiong-kok Jîn-bîn Chèng-tī Hia̍p-siong Hōe-gī Tē-it-kài Choân-thé Hōe-gī kā Gī-ióng-kun Chìn-hêng-khek tēng-chò tāi-kok-koa. 1982 nî 12 goe̍h, Choân-kok Jîn-bîn Tāi-piáu Tāi-hōe kā i chèng-sek tēng-chò kok-koa, tī 2004 nî 3 goe̍h siá-ji̍p hiàn-hoat.","meta":{"title":"Gī-ióng-kun Chìn-hêng-khek","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[427,1514,0.2820343461030383],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1891}} -{"text":"**Sîn-chú-chú-gī** sī 1 chióng chèng-hú ê khoán-sek. Tī chit khoán chèng-hú--ni̍h, hêng-chèng ki-kò͘ kap tī-lí kok-ka ê lâng kap chú-iàu ê chong-kàu sī sio-liàm-tì-toà--ê. Tō chún chong-kàu ê thâu-lâng bô ti̍t-chiap chham-ú chèng-tī, in mā tùi chèng-tī ū chin toā ê éng-hióng-le̍k.\n\nHiān-chhú-sī thang tāi-piáu sîn-chú-chú-gī ê kok-ka\n---------------------------------------------------\n\n### Andorra\n\nThian-chú-kàu phah-phài tiàm Urgell ê chú-kàu sǹg-chò in kok ê ông-kong lāi-té 1 ê. M̄-koh bô si̍t-chāi ê koân.\n\n### England\n\nÀn-chiàu Eng-kok kok-kàu ê chú-tiuⁿ, England ê ông tō sī kàu-hoē ê toā-thâu-lâng. Si̍t-chè-siōng tī kàu-hoē--ni̍h chit-ê ông pēng bô si̍t-koân.\n\n### Iran\n\nTī Iran ê 2 ê ki-kò͘ Choè-ko Léng-tō kap Siú-oē Hoē-gī ê sêng-oân m̄-sī thàu-koè soán-kí chhui-kí--ê. Lāi-té ê lâng lóng sī Shia ê kàu-sū. Nā in tiong-kan só͘ soán--chhut-lâi siōng kuân ê koaⁿ-oân tō sī Iran ê chóng-thóng.\n\n### Í-sek-lia̍t\n\nŪ lâng jīn-ûi tī Í-sek-lia̍t ê chèng-tī--ni̍h mā ū sîn-chú-chú-gī ê hiān-siōng. Che sī in-ūi Lia̍p-pí ê Lu̍t-hoat (Iû-thài Bûn-sū ê Lu̍t-hoat; rabbinical law) kap Bîn-hoat tī bó͘-chi̍t-kuá chêng-hêng ē-kha tio̍h-ài lām-chham sú-iōng. Lēng-goā Í-sek-lia̍t in kok mā ū chhiàⁿ Lia̍p-pí (Iû-thài-kàu ê sian-siⁿ). Chiah-ê lia̍p-pí in m̄-nā ū chong-kàu sin-hūn, mā ū kong-bū-oân ê chek-jīm.\n\n### Vaticano\n\nLô-má Thian-chú-kàu Kàu-chong sī chit kok ê chèng-tī thâu-lâng kiam chong-kàu léng-siū.","meta":{"title":"Sîn-chú-chú-gī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1337,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1623}} -{"text":"\n\n***Sîn-bû-goa̍t Bû-lú*** (神無月の巫女, Kannazuki no Miko) sī Kaishaku chhòng-chok ê bàng-gah, mā bat hông kái-chok tōng-oē.\n\nKò͘-sū\n------\n\nLâi-chhe-chhoan Ki-chú kap Ki-kiong Chhian-ko-im sī *It-kek Ha̍k-hnn̂g* ê ha̍k-seⁿ. In mā sī Ji̍t-chi-bú-lú kap Goa̍t-chi-bú-lú ê têng-chhut-sì. Nā-sī oán-kó͘ ê sîn \"Tāi-siâ\" koh chai-lâng, 2 ê bû-lú ài lâi hō͘ thoân-soat ê Tian-chông-ûn-kiàm koh-oa̍h, kā Tāi-siâ koh hong-ìn. Ūi-tio̍h kā in chó͘-chí, Tāi-siâ e 8 ê sú-iōng-lâng chài-saⁿ kā in kong-kek. Iá-m̄-kú, Tāi-siâ chi it ê Tāi-sîn Siong-má in-ùi kah-ì Ki-chú, soah poān-poē Tāi-siâ, pó-hō͘ Ki-chú.\n\nJîn-bu̍t\n--------\n\nLâi-chhe-chhoan Ki-chú (来栖川 姫子, *Kurusugawa Himeko*?)\nJi̍t-thâu ê bû-lú. Tī It-kek Ha̍k-hnn̂g tha̍h 1 nî-ki̍p. Chi̍t-kai-sí i lia̍h-chò i kah-ì Siong-má, m̄-kú, tī kò͘-sū ê siōng-āu, i hoat-kak i ài--e sī Chhian-ko-im.\nKi-kiong Chhian-ko-im (姫宮千歌音, *Himemiya Chikane*?)\nGoa̍t-niû ê bû-lú.","meta":{"title":"Sîn-bû-goa̍t Bû-lú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[312,1179,0.26463104325699743],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Sîn-bû-goa̍t Bû-lú
    神無月の巫女
    Sîn-bû-goa̍t Bû-lú
    Kanaかんなづきのみこ
    Lô-má-jīKannazuki no Miko
    Lūi-hêngMagical girl, mecha, romance, Pek-ha̍p
    \nBàng-gah
    Chok-chiá\nKaishaku
    Chhut-pán\nKadokawa Shoten
    Tâi-oân Chhut-pán\nTâi-oân Kak-chhoan
    Demographic\nShōnen
    Cha̍p-chì\nShōnen Ace
    Original run\n2004 – 2005
    Volumes\n2
    Pang-bô͘ soat-bêng
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1025}} -{"text":"**Sîn-oē** sī chí bó·-chi̍t-lūi ê kò·-sū, chiah-ê kò·-sū sio̍k tī bô-kâng ê bûn-hoà, tī hiah-ê bûn-hoà lāi-té, ki-pún-siōng sī siong-sìn chiah-ê kò·-sū--ê, koh chiah-ê kò·-sū lāi-té, sī ēng chhiau-chū-jiân ê sū-kiāⁿ he̍k-chiá-sī jîn-bu̍t, lâi kái-soeh ú-tiū, chit sè-kài kap jîn-lūi ê pún-chit, ia̍h-sī seⁿ-sêng tō ū ê hē-hāng. Pí-lūn-kóng:\n\n* Chit-ê sè-kài sī án-choáⁿ ū--ê?\n* Lâng sī án-choáⁿ ū--ê?\n* Sī án-choáⁿ lâng ē sí?\n\nSîn-oē--ni̍h bô tiāⁿ-tio̍h ū sîn, khêng-si̍t tī Se-kok ê gí-giân (chhin-chhiūⁿ Eng-gí ê *myth*), jī-sû pún-sin ê ì-sù hām sîn pēng bô tī-tāi. Nā chún sîn-oē lāi-té ū sîn--chhut-hiān, mā bô-it-tēng sī 1-ê, he̍̍k-chiá-sī chē-chē ê.\n\nSîn-oē ū-bat tī ta̍k-bîn-cho̍k ê siā-hoē lāi-té, chò chin tiōng-iàu ê chong-kàu kap sìn-gióng ê lō·-iōng. M̄-koh chit-khoán lō·-iōng tī hiān-tāi siā-hoē í-keng tau̍h-tau̍h-á soe-pāi.\n\nChóng--sī, sîn-oē tī ta̍k-ê bûn-hoà kûn-thé--ni̍h, iû-goân chiâⁿ-chò chhiau-chhoē in su-sióng chin tiōng-iàu ê chu-liāu, tī bûn-hoà jîn-lūi-ha̍k kap Bîn-sio̍k-ha̍k téng-téng ê ha̍k-kho lāi-té, koh ē chìn-chi̍t-pō· khì chò bûn-hoà chi-kan ê sîn-oē pí-kàu (pí-kàu sîn-oē-ha̍k), pí-lūn Ná-a ê toā-chûn kap chò-toā-chúi, tī chin chē bûn-hoà kûn-thé--ni̍h lóng ū sio-siâng ê kò·-sū, ha̍k-chiá tō ē khì gián-kiù khoàⁿ bô-kâng ê cho̍k-kûn tiong-kan sī m̄-sī ū sím-mi̍h khoán ê chih-chiap.\n\nGián-kiù sîn-oē ê ha̍k-kho chú-iàu sī sîn-oē-ha̍k, koh chong-kàu-ha̍k, le̍k-sú-ha̍k, bîn-cho̍k-ha̍k, bûn-hoà jîn-lūi-ha̍k hām bûn-ha̍k, mā lóng kā i tòng-chò gián-kiù ê tùi-siōng chi-it.","meta":{"title":"Sîn-oē","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[85,1562,0.05441741357234315],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1795}} -{"text":"Associated Press\n**Associated Press**, thang hoan-e̍k chò **AP Thong-sìn**, **Bí-kok Liân-ha̍p Thong-sìn-siā** ia̍h **Bí-kok Liân-ha̍p Sin-bûn-siā**, sī iû kok sêng-ôan tan-ūi cho·-sêng ê ha̍p-chok-hêng thong-sìn-siā. Tē-jī chhù sè-kài tāi-chiàn liáu-āu, i ê sêng-ôan khok-tōa kàu tiān-tâi, tiān-sī-tâi, ún-chún hui-chèng-sek siā-ôan lâi tiāⁿ sin-bûn-ko. Associated Press ê chóng-pō· tī Niú-iok. \n\nAssociated Press chit-ê sin-bûn ki-kò· ê pian-chi̍p pō·-bûn chú-iàu ū: Kok-chè-pō·, Tùi-gōa-pō·, Keng-chè Sin-bûn-pō·, Thé-io̍k Sin-bûn-pō·, Tô·-phìⁿ Sin-bûn-pō·, Te̍k-kó-pō·, Kóng-pò· Sin-bûn-pō·, Tiān-sī-pō· (APTV). Kî-tiong Tiān-sī-pō· ê kang-chok tiong-sim siat-tī Lûn-tun, thong-kòe A-chiu, Latin Bí-chiu, Pak Bí-chiu kah Chôan-kiû Ho̍k-bū chit-4-tiâu choan-soàⁿ, hiòng chôan sè-kài tiān-sī iōng-hō· thê-kiong siaⁿ-(im) (iáⁿ)-siōng sin-bûn, iōng 6-chióng bûn-jī hoat-pò· sin-bûn-kó. \n\nKàu-kah 2004 nî, ū 1,700 ê pò-siā, 5,000 ê tiān-tâi kah tiān-sī-tâi chhái-iōng Associated Press ê sin-bûn. In ê iáⁿ-siòng tô·-si-koán ê siu-chông chhiau-koè 1,000-bān tiuⁿ.\n\nAssociated Press tī 1848 nî 5-goe̍h iû 6 keng New York ê pò-siā chhòng-li̍p.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong chām\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 152390251\n* LCCN: n80075894\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 9466 0552\n* GND: 26563-9\n* SELIBR: 109203\n* SUDOC: 034168524\n* BNF: cb131764807 (data)\n* NLA: 35009269\n* NDL: 00627891\n* NKC: xx0022741\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Associated Press","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[198,1343,0.14743112434847358],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1654}} -{"text":"\n**Thao-cho̍k** sī Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k ê 1-cho̍k.\n\nÉng-kòe ū ha̍k-chiá kin-kì Thao-cho̍k chhian-sóa ê thôan-soat, kā Thao-cho̍k tòng-chò Cou-cho̍k ê 1 ê ki-cho̍k, mā ū lâng in-ūi in kap hū-kīn ê Bunun-cho̍k koan-hē chin-bā, jīn-ûi in ê bûn-hòa sī tú-hó tī Hàn-cho̍k kap gôan-chū-bîn ê tiong-kan, kā in kóng-chò sī siōng-òaⁿ Hàn-hòa ê Pêⁿ-po·-cho̍k, he̍k-chiá-sī siōng-chá Hàn-hòa ê Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k.\n\nSū-si̍t-siōng, Thao-cho̍k ū in ka-tī chin-te̍k-sû ê gí-giân kap bûn-hòa, in pún-té tō-sī to̍k-li̍p ê 1-cho̍k.\n\nHiān-chhú-sî, Thao-cho̍k gôan-chū-bîn khiā-khí ê só·-chāi, lóng tī Ji̍t-go̍at-thâm (日月潭) hit-tah, tōa-hūn khiā tī Tek-hòa-siā ( 德化社, chín hō-chò Ji̍t-go̍at-chhun, Hàn-jī: 日月村), ū chió-chió kúi-hō· khiā tī Chúi-lí-hiong (水里鄉) Tōa-pêng-nâ (大平林). Hō·-sò iok-kî-lio̍k chóng-ū 60-gōa hō·. 2003-nî ê thóng-kè chu-liāu, in cho̍k ū 300-gōa lâng, sī Tâi-ôan chit-má lâng siōng-chió ê gôan-chū-bîn-cho̍k.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Thao*** |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hêng-chèng-īⁿ ū sêng-jīm | Amis-cho̍k (Pangcah)   Tayal-cho̍k   Bunun-cho̍k   Kanakanavu-cho̍k   Kavalan-cho̍k   Paiwan-cho̍k   Puyuma-cho̍k   Rukai-cho̍k   Saaroa-cho̍k   Sakizaya-cho̍k   Saisiyat-cho̍k   Seediq-cho̍k   Tao-cho̍k   Thao-cho̍k   Truku-cho̍k   Tsou-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Tē-hng ū sêng-jīm | Makatao-cho̍k (Pîn-tong-koān)   Siraya-cho̍k (Tâi-lâm-chhī)   Taivuan-cho̍k (Hoa-liân-koān Hù-lí-hiong) |\n| |\n| Koaⁿ-hong bô sêng-jīm | Babuza-cho̍k   Basay-cho̍k   Hoanya-cho̍k   Kaxabu-cho̍k   Ketagalan-cho̍k   Kulon-cho̍k   Luilang-cho̍k   Papora-cho̍k   Pazeh-cho̍k   Qauqaut-cho̍k   Taokas-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ hun-lūi | Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k   Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k   Formosa-lâng |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Thao-cho̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[708,1665,0.4252252252252252],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2148}} -{"text":"Inô Kanori\n**Ino Kanori** (Ji̍t-gí: 伊能嘉矩; 1867 nî 6 goe̍h 11 ji̍t [Keio 3 nî 5 goe̍h 9 ji̍t] – 1925 nî 9 goe̍h 30 ji̍t) sī 1-ê chin tiōng-iàu ê Tâi-oân gián-kiù ê ha̍k-chiá.\n\n1867-nî i tī Ji̍t-pún Iwate-koān (岩手県) ê Tôno (遠野) chhut-sì, chū sè-hàn bó-chhin tō koè-sin--khì, sī a-kong kap a-má kā chhiâⁿ toā-hàn--ê. I mā tùi a-kong hia ha̍k-si̍p Hàn-o̍h.\n\n1880 nî-tāi, Ino Kanori chin jia̍t-sèng chò Iwate tē-hng ê chū-iû bîn-koân ūn-tōng, 1886-nî ji̍p-khì Iwate-koān ê su-hoān ha̍k-hāu tha̍k-chheh, m̄-koh i tùi kàu-io̍k loē-iông kap ko-ap ê chèng-tī khì-hun put-boán, chhui-sak ha̍k-seng ūn-tōng, choaⁿ-á hō͘ lâng thè-o̍h.\n\nLiáu-aū, i khì Tang-kiaⁿ chū-siu, mā chò sin-bûn siá-chok ê khang-khoè, tùi 1893-nî khai-sí, i toè Tang-kiaⁿ Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k ê Tuboi Syogoro (坪井正五郎) kaù-siū tha̍k jîn-lūi-ha̍k, tùi jîn-lūi-ha̍k sán-seng chiâⁿ toā ê hèng-chhù. Ji̍t-chheng Chiàn-cheng khí-kó͘ liáu-aū, choaⁿ-á khai-sí ūi-tio̍h khì Tâi-oân tiau-cha chò chún-pī.\n\n1895-nî, Ji̍t-pún chiàm Tâi-oân, Ino Kanori í lio̍k-kun kò·-oân ê sin-hūn lâi tī Tâi-oân, mā khai-sí i iok-kî-lio̍k 10-tang ê Tâi-oân chāi-tē tiau-cha gián-kiù.\n\nI tāi-seng í Tâi-oân pak-pō͘ ê pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k chò tùi-siōng, 1897-nî ê sî, kā choân-tó chha-put-to lóng kiâⁿ-thàu, che liaú-aū koh ū kî-thaⁿ chē-chē pái ê tiau-cha lú-hêng. I só͘ siu-chi̍p ê chu-liāu, hō͘ i chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn gián-kiù ê khai-ki-chó·, kah taⁿ hiah-ê chu-liāu mā iû-goân sī bē-ēng-tit bô ê goân-sú chu-liāu.\n\n1906-nî, Ino Kanori sî Chóng-tok-hú ê thaû-lō͘, tńg-khì kò·-hiong Tôno, tī hia, i kāng-khoán chin piàⁿ-sè chò Tâi-oân gián-kiù kap Tôno ê hiong-thó͘ gián-kiù, sui-bóng lâng tī Ji̍t-pún, i mā hông kau-tiōng chò Tâi-oân le̍k-sú chu-liāu kap goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k tiau-cha ê pian-chip khang-khoè, jî-chhiáⁿ siá-chok Tâi-oân Bûn-hoà-chì.\n\n1925-nî, Ino Kanori tī Tâi-oân oè-tio̍h ê malaria koh giâ--khí-lâi, choaⁿ-á tī 59-hoè lâi koè-sin.\n\nI chi̍t-sì-lâng siá chin chē chheh, kap Tâi-oân ū tī-tāi--ê tō ū 10-goā pún, lūn-bûn sò͘-gia̍h chhiau-koè 1000-phiⁿ, lâng kóng i sī \"Tâi-oân-ha̍k ê sian-hêng-chiá\".\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 48249232\n* LCCN: n86097550\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 8226 5870\n* GND: 1030306257\n* SUDOC: 117655422\n* NDL: 00019326\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Inô Kanori","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[126,2140,0.058878504672897194],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2564}} -{"text":"Hán-pá-kuh\nHán-pá-kuh ka chhì-suh\n**Hán-pá-kuh**（Eng-gí: hamburg steak），iah-sī chheng-chò **Hán-pó**，sī chi̍t-chióng iōng gû ê ká-bah iah-sī kî-thaⁿ ū gû-ká-bah chò ê bah-piáⁿ.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTatars gû-bah ùi Lō-se-a thoân-ji̍p Tek-kok liáu-āu，Tek-kok-lâng kā Tatars gû-bah chian hō͘ se̍k chò--ê，sī liû-hêng tī kang-lâng tiong-kan ê chia̍h-mi̍h，chóng-sī Hán-pó sī Tek-kok kang-gia̍p tiōng-tìn，kò͘ iōng tē-hō-miâ chò i ê miâ-chheng.\n\nLēng-gōa 1 ê kóng-hoat sī，Hoat-kiàn Sî-tāi ê sî，in-ūi khǹg-tī chûn-chhng lāi ê bah ta koh tēng, chin pháiⁿ-chia̍h，ūi-tio̍h ē-tàng chia̍h-tio̍h nńg koh iù ê bah soah ián-piàn chhut-lâi ê liāu-lí hong-sek，in-ūi Hán-pó-káng sī chûn-chiah siōng-chōe teh khò-hōaⁿ ê só͘-chāi，kò͘ iōng tē-hō-miâ lâi chheng-hō.\n\nSalisbury gû-pâi sī Hán-pá-kuh ê 1 chióng piàn-hêng-thé.\n\nSiong-thoân Bí-kok tī Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn ê sî，in-ūi gû-bah chè-phín gû-pâi sī chhia-chhí-phín，só͘-í ū kau-ōaⁿ hán-pá-kuh ê ūn-tōng sán-seng. Sòa--lo̍h-lâi kā hán-pá-kuh iōng pháng gia̍p-teh，chin hó siau-lō͘，tō chhiok-chìn sán-seng āu-lâi thong-lâng-chai ê McDonald's téng-téng sok-si̍t khì-gia̍p.\n\n1960 nî-tāi í-āu Ji̍t-pún tng-leh ko-tō͘ keng-chè sêng-tióng，êng-ióng hong-hù ê si̍t-châi kè-siàu chin koân，kò͘ ián-seng chhut sú-iōng khah sio̍k ê ká-bah（ke-bah、tu-bah）liāu-lí phâng-kàu toh-á-téng，chiâⁿ-chòe ke-ke-hō͘-hō͘ tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ khòaⁿ-ē-tio̍h ê bí-si̍t，chiông-chhú í-āu ka-têng chú-hū tō kā hán-pá-kuh lia̍t-ji̍p boán-chhan ê chhài-toaⁿ. In-ūi liāu-lí ê chhiú-sio̍k kan-tan，chi̍t-ba̍k-nih chi-kan liû-hêng choân Ji̍t-pún. In-ūi 1980 nî-tāi í-āu hoat-bêng chhut kín koh to-iuⁿ-hòa ê si̍t-phín，pí-jū chhoe-chú-tē-á（liāu-lí-pau）si̍t-phín（chin-khong hán-pá-kuh），piàn-chó chiok chiap khòaⁿ ē-tio̍h ê liāu-lí kap si̍t-châi. Chhoe-chú-tē-á hán-pá-kuh liāu-lí kan-tan，chò-chi̍t-pái oân-sêng（chiùⁿ-liāu pau-hâm tī lāi-té），kan-ta iōng kún-chúi thǹg-kòe 1 pái tō ē-tàng chiūⁿ-chhài.\n\nChham-kiàn\n----------\n\n* Bah-koaⁿ\n* Bah-oân\n* Gû-pâi\n* Hán-pó\n* Chin-khong liāu-lí-hoat\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Chhiau-kip Hán-pá-kuh，Thâu-tiâu Ji̍t-pò","meta":{"title":"Hán-pá-kuh","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[98,2087,0.04695735505510302],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2392}} -{"text":"**Sūi-tián Siā-hoē Bîn-chú Kang-lâng Tóng** (Sūi-tián-gí: *Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti*, kán-chheng *Socialdemokraterna*) sī Sūi-tián chú-iàu ê chèng-tóng chi it, tī 1888/9 nî sêng-li̍p. Siā-bîn-tóng sī thong sè-kài siāng sêng-kong ê 1 ê bîn-chú chèng-tóng; i ùi 1940 kàu 1988 nî, kiàn-pái soán-kí to the̍h tio̍h 4~5 siâⁿ ê soán-phiò. Tóng ê ì-sek-hêng-thài sī siā-hoē-bîn-chú-chú-gī (ia̍h ū hō chò bîn-chú siā-hoē-chú-gī). I ê ki-chân chú-iàu sī nâ-niá kang-lâng, tì-sek-hūn-chú, kong-kiōng pō͘-mn̂g (*public sector*) oân-kang, kap î-bîn. I ê sè-le̍k toā-hūn khò Landsorganisationen i Sverige (tāi-piáu 9 siâⁿ ê nâ-niá kang-lâng). Siā-bîn-tóng ū chham-ka Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kok-chè, Au-chiu Siā-hoē-chú-gī-chiá ê Tóng, kap SAMAK. \n\nSiā-bîn-tóng tī Tē-2-pái Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn liáu-āu, khai-sí kā Sūi-tián khí chò 1 ê hok-lī-kok. M̄-nā khai-hoat chhut sè-kài chhut-miâ ê siā-hoē chèng-chhek, mā sêng-kong kā kok-bîn-só͘-tek giú koân. Kàu-kah 1970 nî, Sūi-tián ê pêng-kin 1 lâng GDP (GDP per capita) chiàm sè-kài tē 2 ūi.\n\n1991 nî kàu 1994 nî kî-kan, Siā-bîn-tóng sit-khì chip-chèng-tóng ê ūi. Chóng--sī in-ūi soà-chiap ê tiong-kan/iū-phài liân-ha̍p chèng-hú bô hoat-tō͘ kái-siān keng-chè, 1994 nî kàu 2006 nî iū-koh sī Siā-bîn-tóng chiáng-koân. Tī 2006 nî ê soán-kí, Un-hô-tóng chhoā-thâu ê tiong-iū chèng-tóng liân-bêng sió-iâⁿ Siā-bîn-tóng.\n\nSiā-bîn-tóng ê chhoā-thâu ê pō͘-tiúⁿ\n------------------------------------\n\n* Hjalmar Branting (1920, 1921-1923, 1924-1925 -- jīm-lāi koè-óng)\n* Rickard Sandler (1925-1926)\n* Per Albin Hansson (1932-1936, 1936-1946 -- jīm-lāi koè-óng)\n* Tage Erlander (1946-1969)\n* Olof Palme (1969-1976, 1982-1986 -- àm-sat koè-óng)\n* Ingvar Carlsson (1986-1991, 1994-1996)\n* Göran Persson (1996-2006)\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Bāng-chām","meta":{"title":"Sūi-tián Siā-hoē Bîn-chú Kang-lâng Tóng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[282,1682,0.16765755053507728],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2001}} -{"text":"{{Infobox Settlement\n|name = Jaroty\n|settlement\\_type = Chng-thâu\n|subdivision\\_type = Kok-ka\n|subdivision\\_name =  Pho-lân\n|subdivision\\_type1 = Séng\n|subdivision\\_name1 = Warmia-Masuria\n|subdivision\\_type2 = Kūn\n|subdivision\\_name2 = [[Olsztyn coordinates {{coord Kūn|Olsztyn coordinates {{coord]]\n|subdivision\\_type3 = Kong-siā\n|subdivision\\_name3 = Kong-siā\n|population\\_total = \n|timezone = CET\n|utc\\_offset = +1\n|timezone\\_DST = CEST\n|utc\\_offset\\_DST = +2\n|pushpin\\_map = Poland\n|pushpin\\_label\\_position = bottom\n|latd = 53\n|latm = 43\n|lats = 54\n|latNS = N\n|longd = 20\n|longm = 29\n|longs = 14\n|longEW = E\n}}\n**Jaroty** sī chi̍t ê tī Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok Warmia-Masuria Séng [[Olsztyn coordinates {{coord Kūn]] Kong-siā ê chng-thâu.\n\nChham-oa̍t\n----------\n\n* Pho-lân ê chng-thâu\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)\" (ēng Pho-lân-gí). 2008-06-01.\n\n[[Lūi-pia̍t:Olsztyn coordinates {{coord Kūn ê chng-thâu]]","meta":{"title":"Jaroty (Stawiguda Kong-siā)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[142,853,0.16647127784290738],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1031}} -{"text":"\n**Andô Rikiti** (安藤 利吉, あんどう りきち), Ji̍t-pún lio̍k-kun kun-jîn. Tē 19 ê, iā-sī chòe-āu chi̍t-ê Tâi-oân Chóng-tok.\n\nChhut-sin\n---------\n\n1884 nî (Bêng-tī 17 nî) 4 goe̍h 3 ji̍t chhut-sì tī Miyagi-koān Sendai chhī (宮城県仙台市). Chòe-koân kai-kip sī lio̍k-kun tāi-chiòng. I sī Miyagi koān Tē-jī Tiong-hak-hāu tē-it kài、Lio̍k-kun Sū-koaⁿ Ha̍k-hāu 16 kî、Lio̍k-kun Tāi-ha̍k 26 kî chhut-sin。\n\nKeng-le̍k\n---------\n\n1944 nî 4 goe̍h, tam-jīm Tâi-oân-kun su-lēng-koaⁿ ê Andô Rikiti tī Tâi-pak Thn̂g-gia̍p Liân-ha̍p hōe-koán iau-chhiáⁿ Tâi-pak tiōng-iàu ê Ji̍t-pún-lâng chū-hōe. Kî-tiong ū kúi-nā-ê Kok-chhek Hōe-siā hū-chek-jîn, sin-bûn gia̍p-chiá, Tâi-pak Tè-tāi kàu-siū. I tī chū-hōe tiong só͘ hoat-piáu ê ián-káng ín-khí hong-pho. I kóng: \n\n'Taⁿ tú-tú-sī giām-siu le̍k-jīm chóng-tok tī-lí sêng-chek-toaⁿ ê sî-chūn loh. Nā-chún ū tit-tio̍h bîn-sim, tī te̍k-kun teng-lio̍k tì-kàu choân-tó chiàn-tiûⁿ-hòa ê sî, Tâi-oân tông-pau eng-kai ē hām hông-kun ha̍p-chok, kah te̍k-kun teng-lio̍k pō͘-tūi piàⁿ-sí kau-chiàn chiah-tio̍h. Chin-chiàⁿ ê hông-bîn-hòa eng-kai ài án-ne chiah sī tio̍h. Bān-it nā-sī tò-hoán.....Í góa kò-jîn ê khòaⁿ-hoat, iá m̄-káⁿ tùi Tâi-oân tông-pau kià-thok choa̍t-tùi ê sìn-jīm......'\n\nChit-ê ián-káng lāi-iông cháu-siat liáu-āu, ín-khí chóng-tok-hú í-kip chóng-tok Hasegawa Kiyosi pún-lâng chin-tōa ê put-boán. Hasegawa Kiyosi tī pòe-kò goe̍h āu tio̍h ka-kī sî-tiāu chóng-tok chit-bū. Iû Andô Rikiti chiap-jīm.\n\n1944 nî 12 goe̍h 30 ji̍t, Andô Rikiti chiap-jīm tē-19 ūi Tâi-oân chóng-tok. Tng-sî chiàn-sū í-keng liân-sòa kúi-nā-nî, bu̍t-chu chin khiàm-khòe, só͘-í, koán-chè chin giâm-keh. 1945 nî 3 goe̍h si̍t-si kiông-chè cheng-peng. \n\n8 goe̍h 15 ji̍t, Ji̍t-pún Thian-hông hoat-piáu chiàu-su soan-pò͘ tâu-hâng. Tān-sī chit-phiⁿ chiàu-su tī Tâi-oân in-ūi put-bêng goân-in bān chi̍t-kang, iah tio̍h-sī tī 8 goe̍h 16 ji̍t chiah kong-pò͘. Andô Rikiti ah chiàu-su, khan-sia̍p pau-koa Ko͘ Chìn-hú (辜 振甫) chāi-lāi ê 1945 Tâi-oân To̍k-li̍p sū-kiāⁿ.\n\nSí-bông\n-------\n\n1945 nî, Ji̍t-pún tâu-hâng, 10 goe̍h 25 ji̍t, Andô Rikiti tāi-piáu Tâi-oân chóng-tok-hú i-ki̍p chai-Tâi ji̍t-kun, tī Tâi-pak-chhī kong-hōe-tn̂g (hiān-sî ê Tiong-san-tn̂g) hiòng Tâi-oân-séng Hêng-chèng tiúⁿ-koaⁿ Tân Gî (陳儀) chhiam-sú hâng-su, tam-jīm 'Tâi-oân Tē-khu Ji̍t-pún Koaⁿ-peng Siān-hiō Liân-lo̍k-pō͘ Pō͘-tiúⁿ', chú-chhî î-kau sū-hāng, phòe-ha̍p chip-hêng khián-hoán Ji̍t-kun kap Ji̍t-pún-lâng. \n\n1946 nî (Chiau-hô 21 nî) , Tiong-kok í Chiàn-hoān chōe-miâ tāi-pó͘ i, sàng-khì Tiong-kok chiap-siū kun-hoat sím-phòaⁿ, 4 goe̍h 19 ji̍t tī Siōng-hái ka-ga̍k iōng-to̍k chū-sat.\n\nNî-phó͘\n-------\n\n* 1901 nî (Bêng-tī 34 nî) 3 goe̍h Miyagi-koān Tē-jī Tiong-hak-hāu pit-gia̍p.\n* 1904 nî (Bêng-tī 37 nî) 10 goe̍h Lio̍k-kun Sū-koaⁿ Ha̍k-hāu pit-gia̍p. (16 kî)\n\n11 goe̍h Pō͘-peng siáu-ùi, Pō͘-peng tē-sì liân tūi-hù\n\n* 1907 nî (Bêng-tī 40 nî) 12 goe̍h Pō͘-peng tiong-ùi.\n* 1913 nî (Tāi-chèng 2 nî) 11 goe̍h Pō͘-peng tāi-ùi.\n* 1914 nî (Tāi-chèng 3 nî) 11goe̍h Lio̍k-kun Tāi-ha̍k pit-gia̍p. (26 kî)\n* 1915 nî (Tāi-chèng 4 nî) Pō͘-peng tē-50 liân-tūi tiong tūi-tiúⁿ\n* 1916 nî (Tāi-chèng 5 nî) 2 goe̍h Lio̍k-kun ki-su̍t sím-cha pō͘-hù (kun-sū tiau-cha úi-goân)\n* 1919 nî (Tāi-chèng 8 nî) 1 goe̍h - 1921nî (Tāi-chèng 10 nî) 9 goe̍h chū-chāi Eng-kok.\n* 1920 nî (Tāi-chèng 9 nî) 8 goe̍h Pō͘-peng Siàu-chò・Hô-pêng tiâu-iok si̍t-si úi-goân. (chū-chāi Au-chiu )\n* 1923 nî (Tāi-chèng 12 nî) 4 goe̍h chhan-bô͘ pún-pō͘ goân.\n* 1924 nî (Tāi-chèng 13 nî) 7 goe̍h kiam Lio̍k-tāi kàu-koaⁿ.\n\n8 goe̍h Pō͘-peng tiong-chò.\n\n* 1925 nî (Tāi-chèng 14 nî) 8 goe̍h Ìn-tō͘ chū-chāi bú-koaⁿ\n* 1927 nî (Chiau-hô 2 nî) 4 goe̍h chhan-bô͘ pún-pō͘ goân.\n* 1928 nî (Chiau-hô 3 nî) 3 goe̍h Pō͘-peng tāi-chó͘ , pō͘-peng tē13 liân tūi-tiúⁿ.\n* 1930 nî (Chiau-hô 5 nî) 3 goe̍h tē5 su-thoân chhan-bô͘-tiúⁿ.\n* 1931 nî (Chiau-hô 6 nî) 3 goe̍h Lio̍k-kun-séng Kun-bū-kio̍k peng-bū khò-tiúⁿ.\n* 1932 nî (Chiau-hô 7 nî) 5 goe̍h Eng-kok tāi-sài-koán hù bú-koaⁿ.\n\n8 goe̍h Lio̍k-kun siàu-chiòng\n\n* 1934 nî (Chiau-hô 9 nî) 5 goe̍h chhan-bô͘ pún-pō͘ hù.\n\n12 goe̍h pō͘-peng tē-1 lí thoân-tiúⁿ.\n\n* 1935 nî (Chiau-hô 10 nî) 8 goe̍h Lio̍k-kun Toiama (戸山) ha̍k-hāu hāu-tiúⁿ.\n* 1936 nî (Chiau-hô 11 nî) 4 goe̍h tē 5 to̍k-li̍p siú-pī-tūi su-lēng-koaⁿ・Lio̍k-kun tiong-chiòng.\n* 1937 nî (Chiau-hô 12 nî) 8 goe̍h kàu-io̍k chóng-kàm-pō͘ pún-pō͘-tiúⁿ\n* 1938 nî (Chiau-hô 13 nî) 2 goe̍h kàu-io̍k chóng-kàm\n\n5 goe̍h tē-5 su thoân-tiúⁿ.\n11 goe̍h tē-21 kun su-lēng-koaⁿ\n\n* 1940 nî (Chiau-hô 15 nî) 2 goe̍h Lâm Chi-ná hong-bīn kun su-lēng\n\n10 goe̍h chhan-bô͘ pún-pō͘ hù.\n12 goe̍h thāi-bēng.\n\n* 1941 nî (Chiau-hô 16 nî) 1 goe̍h ū-pī e̍k.\n\n11 goe̍h chiau-chip・Tâi-oân-kun su-lēng-koaⁿ\n\n* 1944 nî (Chiau-hô 19 nî) 1 goe̍h Lio̍k-kun tāi-chiòng\n\n9 goe̍h tē 10 hong-bīn kun su-lēng-koaⁿ\n12 goe̍h kiam Tâi-oân Chóng-tok\n\n\n|\n| |\n| **Chêng-jīm**: **Hasegawa Kiyosi** | Chāi-jīm sî-kî\n**1944 nî12 goe̍h 30 ji̍t — 1945 nî10 goe̍h 25 ji̍t** | **Āu-jīm**: **-----** |","meta":{"title":"Andô Rikiti","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2163,5043,0.42891136228435456],"infobox":["
    \n
    Kán-le̍k
    Siⁿ-ji̍t\n1884 nî 4 goe̍h 3 ji̍t
    Sí-bông\n1946 nî 4 goe̍h 19 ji̍t
    Hòe-sò͘\n62 hòe
    Chhut-seng tōe\n Miyagi-koān Sian-tâi chhī
    Tâi-oân chóng-tok
    Kai-kip\nLio̍k-kun tāi-chiòng
    Chiūⁿ-jīm chêng \nchit-bū\n

    Lio̍k-kun kàu-io̍k chóng-kàm

    \n

    Tē-gō͘-su thoân-tiúⁿ

    \nTâi-oân-kun su-lēng-koaⁿ
    Chiūⁿ-jīm\n1944 nî 12 goe̍h 30 ji̍t
    Sià-jīm\n1945 nî 10 goe̍h 25 ji̍t
    Chāi-jīm sî-kan\n11 kò͘ goe̍h
    Sià-jīm āu chit-bū\nTī Siōng-hái ka-ga̍k chū-sat
    Chêng-jīm\nHasegawa Kiyosi
    Āu-jīm\nBô
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5446}} -{"text":"**Chhim-khoân hêng-ûi**(hàn-jī: 侵權行為) sī mó͘-mí-lâng ûi-hoat chhim-hoān kî-thaⁿ lâng ê khoân-lī he̍k-chiá lī-ek ê hêng-ûi. Tī bîn-hoat siong-koan ê kui-tēng tang-tiong, iau-kiû chhim-hāi kî-thaⁿ lâng khoân-lī ê ka-hāi-chiá tùi siū-hāi-chiá ê sún-sit hū-chek pôe-siông.\n\nTī bîn-hoat thé-hē, chhim-khoân hêng-ûi in-ūi bô su-iàu siang-hong tong-sū-jîn tông-ì tio̍h ē-sái sêng-li̍p, só͘-í sio̍k-î hoat-tēng(法定) ê chè-khoân, kah it-poaⁿ in-ūi khè-iok sêng-li̍p ê ì-tēng(意定) chè-khoân bô kâng.\n\nChhim-khoân hêng-ûi ê iàu-kiāⁿ pau-koat:\n\n1. Ka-hāi-chiá ê kò͘-ì he̍k-chiá kòe-sit\n2. Khoân-lī siū chhim-hāi\n3. Hoat-seng sún-sit\n4. Chhim-hāi hêng-ûi kah sún-sit chi-kan ū in-kó koan-hē\n5. Ka-hāi-chiá ū chek-jīm lêng-le̍k\n6. Ûi-hoat-sèng\n\nNá sêng-li̍p chhim-khoân hêng-ûi, ka-hāi-chiá ài hū-chek hôe-hok goân-lâi ê chōng-thài, he̍k-chiá pôe-siông tùi-hong ê sún-sit.\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n* bîn-hoat\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 民法 第 184 條","meta":{"title":"Chhim-khoân hêng-ûi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[201,887,0.2266065388951522],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1063}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Chhiok-hio̍h-khan-gû |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n| A-kài: | Tracheobionta |\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n| A-kong: | Asteridae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Solanales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Convolvulaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Ipomoea* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***I. cairica*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Ipomoea cairica***Sweet |\n|\n|\n|\n| Siâng-ì-miâ |\n| *Ipomoea tuberculata* Roemer & Schultes*Ipomoea stipulacea* |\n\n**Chhiok-hio̍h-khan-gû** (Hàn-jī: 槭葉牽牛; Eng-gí: palmate-leaved morning glory; ha̍k-miâ: ***Ipomoea cairica***), pia̍t-miâ **hoan-á-tîⁿ**, **chiáng-hio̍h-khan-gû**, **ngó·-jiáu-kim-liông**, kui-sio̍k-î soân-hoe-kho (Convolvulaceae), sī to-nî-seng, soan-tîn-sèng, chháu-chit tîn-pún si̍t-bu̍t. Pō͘-hūn chu-liāu kóng i goân-pún seⁿ-tī Pak-bí-chiu, mā ū kóng seⁿ tī jia̍t-tāi A-chiu, Hui-chiu--ê. Tī Tâi-oân i hun-pò· tī pêⁿ-tē kap kē hái-poat soaⁿ-khu, seⁿ tī chhiū-nâ-á piⁿ-á, lō·-piⁿ, pha-hng-tē he̍k-chiá lâng-tau ê lî-á, chhiûⁿ-á. I kah-ì kui-kang ū ji̍t ê khoân-kéng. Kui-nî-thàu-tang lóng-ū khui-hoe, joa̍h--lâng kap chhiu-thiⁿ khui liáu te̍k-pia̍t chē.\n\nHêng-thāi\n---------\n\nKeng ê piáu-bīn kim-ku̍t, iù-tn̂g koh kāu hun-ki, siāng-tn̂g ē-tàng kàu 10 m; óa-kīn kin ê ki-pō· lio̍h-á bo̍k-chi̍t-hòa. \n\nHio̍h-á sī chhiú-chiáng ê hêng-chōng, choân-lia̍t, lia̍t-phìⁿ sī phi-chiam-hêng, ū 5 kàu 7 ê.\n\nHoe sio̍k-î ha̍p-pān-hoe hit-khoán sī lāu-táu-hêng; hoe-sek sī chhián-chhián ê chí-âng, hoe-koan lāi-té sī chí-âng-sek; hoe-koan ê ti̍t-kèng 4.5 kàu 6 cm; hoe pō·-pêng 1 kàu 3 lúi ùi hio̍h-á-ki ê kòe-hiⁿ-khang seⁿ-chhut, thêng-hiān chū-sàn-hoe-sū (聚繖花序); chhû-hiông-kāng-tu (雌雄同株); hiông-lúi 5 lúi tī hoe-koan thóng-á lāi.\n\nKóe-chí sī kiû-hêng ê sok-kó (蒴果). Chéng-chí sī o·-sek, 4 lia̍p, ū si-chōng ê mo·.","meta":{"title":"Chhiok-hio̍h-khan-gû","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[284,1573,0.18054672600127145],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2031}} -{"text":"**Chhim-hòa-cho͘ sū-kiāⁿ** (深化組事件 / 심화조사건) sī 1997 nî chì 2000 nî hoat-seng tī Pak-hân kok-lāi ê chi̍t tiûⁿ tōa kui-bô͘ ê siok-chheng ūn-tōng. Chit-pái ê sū-kiāⁿ chêng-āu 4 tang, iû hit-tang-chūn ê kok-ka chòe-ko léng-tō-jîn Kim Chèng-ji̍t hoat-khí, Tiâu-sián Lô-tōng-tóng hêng-chèng-pō͘ pō͘-tiúⁿ Tiuⁿ Sêng-te̍k hū-chek, Siā-hōe An-choân-pō͘ chip-hêng. Tī hit-kúi-nî nî-kan, pī bû-hām chò kàn-tia̍p ê jîn-sò͘ ū 2-bān 5-chheng gōa lâng, kî-tiong pau-hâm chē-chē pêng-bîn kap chèng-hú ko-kàn. Chia-ê lâng ū kúi-chheng ê pī chhú-koat, chhun-ê tiō tâu-ji̍p kiông-chè siu-iông-só͘. Chit-chhù ê sū-kiāⁿ lo̍h-bóe ín-khí tio̍h Pak-hân jîn-bîn ê put-boán chêng-sū, Kim Chèng-ji̍t chiah tī 2000 nî soan-pò͘ tiong-chí siok-chheng, chhú-sí sū-kiāⁿ tiong ê kúi-nā ê chip-hêng-chiá liáu-āu, sat-lio̍k chiah chèng-sek kiat-sok. Chhim-hòa-cho͘ sū-kiāⁿ hō͘ lâng hō-chò sī Pak-hân ê McCarthy-chú-gī.","meta":{"title":"Chhim-hòa-cho͘ sū-kiāⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,897,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1022}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Ngó͘-lêng-lân |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Ngó͘-lêng-lân |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Lamiales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Verbenaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Lantana* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***L. camara*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Lantana camara***L. |\n|\n|\n|\n| Siâng-ì-miâ |\n| *Lantana aculeata*\n*Lantana armata* |\n\n**Ngó͘-lêng-lân**(Hàn-jī: 五龍蘭, ha̍k-miâ: *Lantana camara*), koh kiò-chò **khí-siáu-hoe** (起痟花),**kòng-phòa-hoe**, sī to-nî-seng siông-le̍k koàn-bo̍k, chhiū-á-ki tiāⁿ chhun-tn̂g thòaⁿ-khui, kah-ì seⁿ tī kui-kang ū ji̍t-thâu pha̍k ê só·-chāi. \n\nChū-té seⁿ tī jia̍t-tāi Bí-chiu, kap Se-ìn-tō· kûn-tó. Tī Tâi-oân kui-hòa, hun-pò· tī pêⁿ-tē, kap kē-hái-po̍at soaⁿ-khu, seⁿ tī lō·-kîⁿ, pha-hng-tē, he̍k chhiū-nâ piⁿ--á. Taⁿ hông kóng-hoat chèng-chok chò hoe-hn̂g koan-sióng ēng.\n\nHêng-thāi\n---------\n\nKeng ū 4 chōa ke-kak, ū chhoaⁿ-chhì.\n\nHio̍h-á tùi-seⁿ, ke-nn̄g-hêng he̍k tn̂g-ke-nn̄g-hêng, siang-pêng-bīn pho̍ah ngē-mo·, kì-á-khí ê piān-iân. \n\nHoe kam-á-sek, kam-á-âng-sek, hún-âng-sek, he̍k n̂g-sek lóng-ū, thó·-seⁿ-á--ê kam-á-an̂g-sek siāng-che; hoe-koan sī chhim au-á-hêng, bóe-liu hit-pêng ū bô-chú-ngó· ê chhián-chhián li̍h-phāng. Ti̍t-kèng ū 8 mm. Hoe sī sàn-pâng-hoe-sū (繖房花序), gōa-hêng chhiuⁿ thâu-chōng-hoe (頭狀花) án-ne pâi-lia̍t, ùi hio̍h-á kòe-hīⁿ-khang hia seⁿ--chhut-lâi.\n\nKóe-chí sī he̍k-kó (核果) kiû-hêng, kàu-hun sî o·-nâ-sek, bah-chit.\n\n \n\n* \n* \n* \n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Lantana camara*** |\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ 佐佐木舜一. *臺灣植物名彙*. p. 352. Lantana camara, Linn. Ngó͘-lêng-lân 五龍蘭\n2. ↑ \"《馬櫻丹》\". 馬櫻丹，但是我爸他們都用台語叫它「起笑花」，我也不知道為什麼。上面是 hsuan 說的！","meta":{"title":"Ngó͘-lêng-lân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[457,1537,0.2973324658425504],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2041}} -{"text":"\n**Pek-chè**(百濟 / 백제 *Baekje*), iū-koh hō-chò **Lâm Hû-û**(南扶餘), sī kó͘-chá khiā tī Tiâu-sián Poàn-tó ê kun-chú kok-ka, sio̍k-î Tiâu-sián sam-kok chi-it.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSam-kok chá-kî ê chêng-sè.\n### Kiàn-kok\n\nKin-kù Ko-lê sú-chheh *Sam-kok Sú-kì* ê kì-lo̍k, se-goân chiân 18 nî, Ko Chu-bông ê nn̄g uī hāu-seⁿ, Hùi-liû kap Un-chó͘, tòa-niá chi̍t tīn Ko-kù-lê-lâng kàu Poàn-tó lâm-hong ji̍p-chhim Má-hân, kiàn-li̍p sin kok-ka **Pek-chè** (伯濟). Un-chó͘ tī Uì-lé-siâⁿ kiàn-kok, kok-hō **Si̍p-chè** (十濟); Hùi-liû tī Bî-chau-hut (彌鄒忽) kiàn-kok, m̄-koh hia siuⁿ oá hái, chúi siuⁿ-kòe kiâm, Bî-chau-hut ê peh-sèⁿ chiām-chiām lóng poaⁿ-sóa khì Uì-lé-siâⁿ. Hùi-liû iau-kiû Un-chó͘ ài kā ông-ūi niū hō͘ ka-kī, khì-hō͘ Un-chó͘ kī-choa̍t. Nn̄g hiaⁿ-tī sio-chiàn, Hùi-liû chiàn-pāi chū-sat; Un-chó͘ chiah kā kok-hō kái chò **Pek-chè** (百濟).\n\n### Khok-tiong\n\nPek-chè Kó-nī-ông sî-tāi, Pek-chè ê kok-ka chè-tō͘ í-keng oân-pī. Kin-kì *Ji̍t-pún Su-kì* ê kì-lo̍k, 249 nî, Pek-chè ê sè-le̍k khok-tiong kàu Lo̍k-tong-kang kap Sin-lô hām Ka-iâ sio-oá. 300 nî, Tiong-kok Chìn-tiâu hoat-seng Pat-ông chi loān; Pek-chè khai-sí kap Ko-kù-lê sio-cheⁿ Lo̍k-lōng-kūn. *Ji̍t-pún Su-kì* kì-lo̍k, 367 nî, Pek-chè tē-it pái kap Ji̍t-pún ū gōa-kau óng-lâi.\n\nKīn-siàu-kó-ông sî-tāi, Pek-chè hiòng pak ji̍p-chhim Ko-kù-lê, tông-sî mā chiām-chiām siau-bia̍t chhun-ê Má-hân pō͘-lo̍k; chit-chūn sī Pek-chè siōng-kài heng-ōng ê le̍k-sú sî-kî. Chit ê sî-kî tû-liáu chiàn-cheng, Pek-chè mā chú-tōng khip-siu chē-chē Hàn-bûn-hòa kap Tiong-kok ki-su̍t. Chia-ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ mā liû-thoân khì Ji̍t-pún, kî-tiong pau-hâm Hàn-jī, Hu̍t-kàu kap Tô-khì.\n\n\n### Hîm-chin sî-kî\n\n5 sè-kí, Ko-kù-lê hiòng lâm ji̍p-chhim Pek-chè; 475 nî, Ko-kù-lê kong-kek Uì-lé-siâⁿ. 475 nî chì 538 nî ê kî-kan, Pek-chè chhian-to͘ Hîm-chin. Hîm-chin tī soaⁿ-khu, sī hông-gū Ko-kù-lê kun-tūi chìn-kong chin hó ê só͘-chāi; m̄-koh án-ne, Pek-chè kap gōa-kháu tiō khah bô kau-liû. Lēng-gōa, in-ūi Hîm-chin khah oá Sin-lô, in-chhú nn̄g kok kiat-bêng, kiōng-tông tùi-khòng pak-hong ê Ko-kù-lê.","meta":{"title":"Pek-chè","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1962,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2297}} -{"text":"Every Little Thing (2008 nî).\n**Every Little Thing** (Kana: エヴリ・リトル・シング) sī Ji̍t-pún ê im-ga̍k thoân-thé, iû Mochida Kaori (持田 香織), Itō Ichirō (伊藤 一朗) kah Igarasi Mitsuru (五十嵐 充) saⁿ lâng chó͘-ha̍p. Every Little Thing sī sio̍k-u Avex ē-kha ê thoân-thé, it-poaⁿ kán-chheng **ELT**. 1996 nî 8 goe̍h, ELT hoat-pió tan-khek *Feel My Heart* chèng-sek chhut-tō. ELT chū chhut-tō khai-sí, í-keng hoat-hêng kóe 7 tiuⁿ it-téng choan-chhip kah 6 tiuⁿ it-téng tan-khek; kî-tiong, tē-2 tiuⁿ choan-chhip *Time to Destination* ê siau-lō͘ sò͘-liōng chhiau-kóe 352-bān tiuⁿ, sī Ji̍t-pún bo̍k-chiân siau-lō͘ sò͘-liōng pâi-miâ tē-10 hó ê im-ga̍k choan-chhip.\n\nKài-siāu\n--------\n\nSêng-goân\n---------\n\nChok-phín\n---------\n\n### Tan-khek\n\n### Choan-chhip\n\n### Cheng-soán-chhip\n\n### Cheng-soán koa-khek\n\nIán-chhiùⁿ-hōe\n--------------\n\n### Nî-tō͘ ián-chhiùⁿ-hōe\n\n### Tan-khek kong-ián\n\n### Iim-ga̍k cheh-ji̍t\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\nPang-bô͘:Evert Little Thing","meta":{"title":"Every Little Thing","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,814,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1035}} -{"text":"\n***Chiong-boa̍t ê Izetta*** (終末のイゼッタ, *Shūmatsu no Izetta*?, lit. *Izetta of the End*, mā choán-siá chò *Izetta, Die Letzte Hexe*) sī 2016 nî Ji̍t-pún kî-hoàn tōng-ōe hē-lia̍t. I tī 2016 nî 6 goe̍h chhe-cha̍p khai-sí koan-hong bāng-chām kap hòng-sàng chi̍t-ki iáⁿ-phìⁿ. Chit-ê hē-lia̍t iû Ajia-do Animation Works chè-chok,  Masaya Fujimori tō-ián, ùi 2016 nî 10 goe̍h chhe-it kàu 12 goe̍h 17 ji̍t hòng-sàng.\n\nTāi-kong\n--------\n\nKò͘-sū sī tī-leh teh-beh Tē-jī-kài Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn ê kè-khang ê tē-kiû, Izetta sī chòe-āu chi̍t-ūi ang-î, ē-sái chhau-khòng i chhiok-bong ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Izetta siūⁿ-beh pó-hō͘ Finé kap Alps soaⁿ-téng ê kok-ka Eylstadt bē-hō͘ Germania chhim-lio̍k.\n\nKak-sek\n-------\n\n### Chú-iàu kak-sek\n\nIzetta (イゼッタ, *Izetta*?)\nVoiced by: Himika Akaneya (Japanese); Skyler McIntosh (English)\n15 hòe ê Izetta tī gín-á-sî kap Finé Kong-chú sio-bat, sī Eylstadt ê Weisse Hexe chòe-āu ê hō͘-ē. Tī kò͘-sū khai-sí chìn-chêng, i ūi-tio̍h ài pó-hō͘ in chó͘-sian ê î-sán, kap in a-má sì-kè lú-hêng. Chiàn-cheng khai-sí ê sî, i koat-sim beh pó-hō͘ Finé kap Eylstadt, in-chhú chhiok-hoān i ê kìm-kī, iōng i-ê le̍k-liōng kan-sia̍p jîn-lūi ê miā-ūn. Izetta ē-sái hō͘ bú-khì î-tōng kap ka-kiông in ê kiông-tō͘. Tān-sī, chit-ê le̍k-liōng óa-khò ley line, tī bô-kâng ê só͘-chai ē ū bô-kâng ê le̍k-liōng. I tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ khiâ tī chit-ki hoán chiàn-chhia pō͘-chhèng, sui-jiân i mā ē-sái khiâⁿ tī pa̍t-hāng mi̍h-kiāⁿ, hó-pí sī mâu.\nOrtfiné \"Finé\" Fredericka von Eylstadt (オルトフィーネ・\"フィーネ\"・フリーレリカ・フォン・エイルシュタット, *Orutofīne \"Fīne\" Furederika fon Eirushutatto*?)\nVoiced by: Saori Hayami (Japanese); Mallorie Rodak (English)\nFiné sī Eylstadt ûi-it ê kè-sêng-lâng. I gōa-hiòng, siān-liông, ì-chì kian-kiông, chin siū jîn-bîn ê ài-tài, tī in lāu-pē kòe-sēng liáu-āu thóng-léng kok-ka bīn-tùi Germania ê ji̍p-chhim. Finé kap Izetta tī gín-á-sî sio-bat, jî-chhiáⁿ i bē kiaⁿ-hiâⁿ Izetta ê le̍k-liōng, tian-tò chin him-sióng, sīm-chì pó-hō͘ i bē-hō͘ pō-bîn kong-kek. In-ūi in ê ì-ài kap Weisse Hexe chiaⁿ-si̍t ê kò͘-sū, i hoan-ló Izetta ê an-choân, m̄-goān hō͘ Izetta khì-kàu chiàn-tiûⁿ.\n### Eylstadt\n\nEylstadt sī Alps soaⁿ-téng ê sió kok-ka, siú-to͘ sī Landsbruck (Tek-gí chèng-khak ê siá-hoat: Landsbrück). Chit-ê kok-ka sī tī sai-pêng ê Ò-tē-lī, pau-hâm Tyrol kap Vorarlberg, i ê siú-to͘ sī chham-khó Innsbruck. Kok-kî bīn-téng ê chu-kù sī *\"Ich bin tapfer und bin fromm\"* (ì-sù: *\"Góa ióng-kám koh khiân-sêng\"*). In ê kun-tūi chong-pī chham-khó World War I kap II chi-kan ê Hoat-kok Kun-tūi. Germania beh cheng-ho̍k Eylstadt ūi-tio̍h beh khui chit-tiâu lō͘ kàu in ê bêng-iú Romulus Liân-pang, hō͘ in kāng-chê ji̍p-chhim Tē-tiong-hái kap Hui-chiu.\n\nRudolf (ルドルフ, *Rudorufu*?)\nVoiced by: Toshiyuki Morikawa (Japanese); Philip Weber (English)\nEylstadt Tāi-kong, tī Germania ji̍p-chhim khai-sí āu sí-khì, kiông-pek in cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ kè-sêng i-ê ūi.\nSieghard Müller (ジークハート ミューラ, *Jīkuhāto Mūra*?)\nVoiced by: Hiroki Takahashi (Japanese); Christopher Wehkamp (English)\nSieghart \"Sieg\" Müller sī Kong-chiok Ông-kiong lāi ê kò͘-būn, in-tau ho̍k-sāi Kong-chiok kúi-nā sè-tāi. I hū-chek kok-ka ê chêng-pò kap hoan-chêng-pò chok-chiàn. Jonas hoat-hiān Izetta le̍k-liōng ê chè-hān ê sî, I ūi-tio̍h \"raison d'etat\" kā-i thâi--sí, tān-sī iû-goân hiō-hóe chit-kiāⁿ tāi-chì. In-chhú, Müller tī chòe-āu 1 chi̍p hō͘ chi̍t-ê seⁿ-chò chhin-chhiūⁿ Jonas ê Germania peng-á thâi--sí. \nBianca (ビアンカ, *Bianka*?)\nVoiced by: Aya Uchida (Japanese); Madeleine Morris (English)\nBianca sī Eylstadt Ông-ka Sī-ōe ê tūi-tiúⁿ kap Finé ê hō͘-ōe. Chi̍t-khai-sí m̄ sìn-jīm Izetta, tān-sī āu-lâi chai-iáⁿ i-ê chin-sim liáu-āu tio̍h kap tùi Finé kāng-khoán chiàu-kò͘ i.\nLotte (ロッテ, *Rotte*?)\nVoiced by: Nao Tōyama (Japanese); Jill Harris (English)\nLotte sī kiong-têng lāi chi̍t-ê oa̍h-phoat ê lí-po̍k, hū-chek chiàu-kò͘ Izetta. In-tau tī Eylstadt ê kū siú-to͘ khui chi̍t-keng lú-koán.\nElvira Friedmann (エルヴィラ フリードマン, *Eruvuira Furīdoman*?)\nVoiced by: Kana Hanazawa (Japanese); Tia Ballard (English)\nElvira sī Finé ê ka-têng kàu-su, kòe-khì tī Atlanta Liân-pang kúi-nā keng pò-siā kap tiān-tâi chò kì-chiá. Tī Müller ê kiàn-gī hā, i chiâⁿ-chò Izetta ê kò-jîn kò͘-būn ūi-tio̍h thê-ko Eylstadt ê sū-khì.\nGeneral Schneider (シュナイーダ, *Shunaīda*?)\nVoiced by: Kōzō Shioya (Japanese); Jeremy Schwartz (English)\nEylstadt kun-tūi ê chóng-su-lēng.\nWarmer (ヴァルマー, *Vuarumā*?)\nVoiced by: Ryunosuke Watanuki (Japanese); Ben Phillips (English)\nFiné ê siú-siòng kap i-ê kò͘-būn.\nHans Obermayer (ハンス オベルマヤ, *Hansu Oberumaia*?)\nVoiced by: Kenn (Japanese); Haulston Mann (English)\nHans sī Eylstadt's Schweizen Pó-lúi ê tùi-tiúⁿ. Tī pó-lúi lûn-hām kap pang-chō͘ Finé kap Izetta tô-bông liáu-āu, i chiâⁿ-chò Finé siōng sìn-jīm ê lâng chi-it.\nKoontz (シュナイーダ, *Kōntsu*?)\nVoiced by: Shinya Takahashi (Japanese); Chris Ryan (English)\nMüller chhiáⁿ ê thàu-á, ūi-tio̍h Tāi-kong ka chò chin-chē bē-sái hŏng chai-iáⁿ ê tāi-chì.\nJonas Gallea (ヨナス ガレラ, *Ionasu Garera*?)\nVoiced by: Hiroyuki Endo (Japanese); Jean-Luc Hester (English)\nChi̍t-ê siàu-liân ê peng-á, chhù-lāi ū chi̍t-ê sió-tī kap nn̄g-ê sió-mōe. Tī bô-tiuⁿ-tî thiaⁿ--tio̍h koan-î Izetta ê jio̍k-tiám liáu-āu, i hō͘ Germania ê thàu-á Lorenz keng-kháu-keng, chi-āu hō͘ Müller chhèng-sat ūi-tio̍h pó-bi̍t.\nTobias (トビアス, *Tobiasu*?)\nVoiced by: Junji Majima (Japanese); Kyle Phillips (English)\nTobias sī pôe Finé kàu Westria ê hō͘-ōe chi-it. I tī pang-chō͘ Finé ùi hóe-chhia tô-bông ê sî hō͘ Berkman chhèng-sat.\nHermann (ヘルマン, *Heruman*?)\nVoiced by: Ryōtarō Okiayu (Japanese); Ben Bryant (English)\nPó-hō͘ Finé kàu Westria ê hō͘-ōe chi-it. I tī Finé hŏng lia̍h-khì ê sǐ hō͘ Germania te̍k-bū chhèng-sat.\nWeisse Hexe (ヴァイス ヘクセ or 白き 魔女, *Vaisu Hekuse or Shiroki Majo*?)\nWeisse Hexe (Tek-gí ê \"pe̍h-sek ang-î ) sī kó͘-chá Eylstadt ê siú-hō͘-chiá. I kap Eylastadt ê ông-chú sio-ài, tān-sī Ông-chú tī sí--khì chìn-chêng hoan-ló ang-î ê tāi-chì ē hō͘ Kàu-hōe chai-iáⁿ, hō͘ i ê kok-ka chiâⁿ-chò ī-toan, in-chhú i kap ang-î chhut-bē hō͘ Ī-toan Sím-būn. Tān-sī, Germania iōng i ê sè-pau kā i hok-chè, chiâⁿ-chò Germania ê bú-khì. (Chham-khòaⁿ ē-kha ê ***Sophie***.)\n### Germania\n\nGermania í Nazi Germany ûi goân-hêng ê kun-sū kiông-kok, sui-jiân khòaⁿ--khì-lâi khah siūⁿ chiàn-chêng ê German Empire. I ê siú-to͘ kiò-chò Neu-Berlin, gōa-māu sī chham-khó Albert Speer siat-kè hō͘ Hitler ê \"World Capital Germania\". \n\nArnold Berkmann (アーノルド ベルクマン, *Ānorudo Berukuman*?)\nVoiced by: Junichi Suwabe (Japanese); John Burgmeier (English)\nGermania ê te̍k-bū ki-koan ê siáu-hāu. Sui-jiân khòaⁿ-khí-lâi sī tùi i-ê kok-ka chin tiong-sim, kî-si̍t sī ē khòaⁿ hong-hiòng hoán-kháu-keng. Tī i hŏng tiàu-lī Ang-î ê chok-chiàn, pēng-chhiáⁿ hō hông-tè hā-lēng chhú-sí ê sî, i sûi kā i-ê chêng-pō bē hō͘ Eylstadtians. Tī chiàn-cheng ê siōng-bóe, i koh kā i-ka-kī kap Tē 9 Gián-kiú-só ê pì-bi̍t bē hō͘ Atlanta Liân-pang.\nSophie (ゾフィー, *Zofī*?)\nVoiced by: Sora Amamiya (Japanese); Jad Saxton (English)\nGermania Tē 9 Gián-kiú-só͘ chè-chok ê Weisse Hexe ê hok-chè jîn. Chi̍t-khai-sí bô ka-kī ê ì-chì, óa-khò Izetta ê hoeh chiah khoe-ho̍k i-ê kì-ek. In-ūi hō͘ kó͘-chá ê Eylstadt hoán-pòe, i ūi-tio̍h chhin-sin húi-bia̍t Eylstadt, chiâⁿ-chò Hông-tè ê ke-si. I iōng pòaⁿ-lia̍p mô͘-hoat tio̍h chi̍p-tiong tāi-tē ê mô͘-le̍k, tān-sī in-jî kiám-chió i-ê sèⁿ-miā. I tī Izetta chi̍p-tiong choân-sè-kài ê mô͘-le̍k, pek i ài chò kâng-khoán ê tāi-chì ê sî, sin-thé bē-kham, sí--khì.\nRickert Bisterfelt (リッケルト ビスタフェルト, *Rikkeruto Bisutaferuto*?)\nVoiced by: Natsuki Hanae (Japanese); Derick Snow (English)\nBerkmann só͘-sio̍k ê te̍k-bū ki-koan ê siáu-ùi, chhut-sin kùi-cho̍k, sī Berkmann ê chó-iū-chhiú. Tī Germania thàu-á ê pang-chō͘ hā, i chǹg kàu Eylstadt ê kū siú-to͘, hoat-hiān Weisse Hexe ê pì-bi̍t, tān-sī hŏng hoat-kak liáu-āu hō͘ Bianca chhèng-sat.\nOtto (オットー, *Ottō*?)\nVoiced by: Kōichi Yamadera (Japanese); Brandon Potter (English)\nGermania ê hông-tè, goân-hêng sī Adolf Hitler kap Wilhelm II. I siong-sìn ang-î ê chûn-chāi, in-ūi i chai-iáⁿ Weisse Hesse khak-si̍t chûn-chāi, jî-chhiáⁿ beh lī-iōng chit-ê le̍k-liōng cheng-ho̍k sè-kài. I tī .1941 nî Bêng-kun kong-hā Neu-Berlin ê sî tī Hông-kiong lāi chū-sat.\nElliot (エリオット, *Eriotto*?)\nVoiced by: Daisuke Hirakawa (Japanese); Dave Trosko (English)\nElliot sī Hông-tè tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hut-sī ê thâu-ūi kò͘-būn.\nBasler (バスラー, *Basurā*?)\nVoiced by: Yoshimasa Hosoya (Japanese); Jeffrey Schmidt (English)\nGermania khong-kun siōng-ùi, ông-pâi poe-hêng-oân. I chú-tō tī Finé kàu Germania ê kóng-hô hōe-gī chìn-chêng kā i lia̍h-khì, tān-sī bô-hoat-tō͘ chó͘-chí Berkmann cháu-khau. I tùi i-ê kok-ka chin tiong-sim, tī chiàn-cheng ê chòe-āu koh khì chip-hêng i-ê chòe-āu ê jīm-bū.\nElisabeth (エリザベート, *Erisabēto*?)\nVoiced by: Kikuko Inoue (Japanese); Leah Clark (English)\nGermania ê ko-kai koan-oân, Tē 9 Gián-kiù-só͘ ê chú-koán.\nLorenz (ローレンツ, *Rōrentsu*?)\nVoiced by: Shuusaku Shirakawa (Japanese); Alejandro Saab (English)\nGermania ê siōng-ùi, chǹg kàu Eylstadt ê kun-tūi lāi chò thàu-á, hoat-kak Jonas hoat-hiān Izetta ê jio̍k-tiám. I kap Rickert tī chǹg kàu ū Hexe Weisse ê pì-bi̍t ê siâⁿ-pó āu hō͘ Ông-ka Ōe-tūi chhèng-sat.\nGörtz (ゲルツ, *Gerutsu*?)\nVoiced by: Kōji Yusa (Japanese); Michael Johnson (English)\nHū-chek chhōa Finé kap Izetta kàu Neu-Berlin ê Germania kun-koaⁿ. I tī Izetta cheng-sîn āu hŏng sat.\n### Kî-thaⁿ\n\nLord Redford (レッドフォード, *Reddofōdo*?)\nVoiced by: Mitsuaki Hoshino (Japanese); Cole Brown (ep. 1–6), David Wald (ep. 7 onwards) (English)\nBritannian Gōa-bū Tāi-sîn, tông-chêng Eylstadt.\nIzetta ê A-má (イゼッタの祖母, *Izetta no sobo*?)\nVoiced by: Hirano Fumi\nIzetta ê a-má, kà i mô͘-hoat. I tī kò͘-sū khai-sí chìn-chêng tio̍h sí--khì à.\n\nMûi-thé\n-------\n\n### Tōng-ōe\n\nChit pō͘ tōng-ōe iû Ajia-do Animation Works chè-chok, tī Ji̍t-pún ùi 2016 nî 10 goe̍h 1 ji̍t kàu 12 goe̍h 17 ji̍t hòng-sàng. Ū Eng-gí jī-bō͘ ê pán-pún iû Crunchyroll, kap Funimation ùi 2016 nî 10 goe̍h 19 ji̍t hòng-sàng. Phìⁿ-thâu-kio̍k sī \"Cross the Line\", sī Akino kap bless4 chhiùⁿ--ē ,  phìⁿ-bóe kio̍k sī \"Hikaru Aru Basho e\" (光ある場所へ, *To a Place With Light*?), iû May'n ián-chhiùⁿ.\n\nGōa-pō͘ Liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong Bāng-chām (Ji̍t-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chiong-boa̍t ê Izetta","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1715,11409,0.1503199228679113],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Chiong-boa̍t ê Izetta
    終末のイゼッタ\n\n\n


    (Shūmatsu no Izetta)

    Lūi-hêng\n

    Action, fantasy

    \n

    Anime television series

    Tō-ián\n

    Masaya Fujimori

    Chè-chok\n

    Tatsuya Yamaguchi
    Shin'ichiro Ozawa

    Pian-kio̍k\n

    Hiroyuki Yoshino

    Im-ga̍k\n

    Michiru

    Chè-chok kong-si\n

    Ajia-do Animation Works

    Siū-khoân\n
    NA
    Crunchyroll
    Hòng-sàng\n

    AT-X, Tokyo MX, SUN, BS11

    Hòng-sàng kî-kan\n

    October 1, 2016 – December 17, 2016

    Chi̍p-sò͘\n

    12

    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":11295}} -{"text":"1956 nî 5 goe̍h 2 hō, Mô͘ Te̍k-tong tī Chòe-ko Kok-bū Hōe-gī thê-chhut Siang-pek hong-chiam.\n**Pek-hoa-chê-hòng, pek-ka-cheng-bêng** (百花齊放 百家爭鳴) sī 1956 nî Tiong-kok chèng-hú thui-chhut ê chi̍t hāng chèng-chhek, sī \"tùi gē-su̍t kang-chok chú-tiuⁿ pek-hoa-chê-hòng, tùi ha̍k-su̍t kang-chok chú-tiuⁿ pek-ka-cheng-bêng\" (對藝術工作主張百花齊放 對學術工作主張百家爭鳴), che sī jîn-bîn lāi-pō͘ ê chū-iû tī bûn-gē kang-chok kap kho-ha̍k kang-chok léng-he̍k ê piáu-hiān, bo̍k-te̍k sī ūi-tio̍h beh hoat-tián kap hoân-êng siā-hōe-chú-gī Tiong-kok ê kho-ha̍k, bûn-hòa kap gē-su̍t sū-gia̍p; it-poaⁿ iā kán-chheng **Siang-pek hong-chiam** (雙百方針). Siang-pek hong-chiam ê thê-chhut, hoán-èng chhut tong-sî Tiong-kok kok-lāi tùi hoân-êng bûn-hòa gē-su̍t kap hoat-tián kho-ha̍k ki-su̍t ê su-kiû, tit-tio̍h tì-sek-kài ê hoan-gêng. Tān-sī, hoán-iū ūn-tōng tī chi̍t nî āu khai-sí, hióng-èng Siang-pek hong-chiam ê chē-chē lâng lóng piàn-chò sī iū-phài.","meta":{"title":"Pek-hoa-chê-hòng, pek-ka-cheng-bêng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,928,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1054}} -{"text":"**Luī-pia̍t-sû** (ing-gú: classifier, sok-siá-sû sī **clf** hi̍k-tsiá **cl**; **hun-luī-sû**); mā-ū lâng kā kiò-tsò liōng-sû [en]) teh gú-giân-ha̍k lāi-té sī tsí phuānn-suî bîng-sû ê jī-sû hi̍k-tsiá sû-tuè [en], ē-tàng kun-kù luī-pia̍t-sû sóo tsí ê tuì-siōng ê luī-hîng hông khuànn-tsò \"hun-luī\" ê bîng-sû. Hun-luī-sû ū-tang-sî-á mā-hông kiò-tsò liōng-sû hi̍k-tsiá kè-sòo-sû. Hun-luī-sû teh tsi̍t-kuá gú-giân tang-tiong huat-hui-tio̍h tiōng-iàu ê tsok-iōng, iû-kî-sī Tang-a ê gú-giân [en], pau-kuat hàn-gú, bânlâm-gú, ji̍t-gú kah ua̍tlâm-gú tíng-tíng ê gú-giân. Au-tsiu ê gú-giân [en] lāi-té luī-pia̍t-sû nā m̄-sī bô tsok-iōng tō-sī hông pian-iân-huà. Teh ing-gú lāi-té khó-lîng sú-iōng ê hun-luī-sû huān-lē sī té-gú (phiàn-gú) lāi-té ê tsi̍t-kuá-á phiàn-tuān ê iōng-huat, pí-jû: \"three pieces of paper (sann-tiunn tsuá)\" tíng-tíng ê huān-lē.\n\nTeh kū-iú liōng-sû ê gú-giân lait-e, liōng-sû thong-siông teh bîng-sû hông kè-sòo ê sî-tsūn sú-iōng, tsik-sī hit-tong-sî liōng-sû hām sòo-sû [en] tâng-tsê tshut-hiān ê sî-tsūn. Teh tsit-khuán hun-luī-sû sī gú-huat ti̍k-sik ê gú-giân tang-tiong, tsu-jû \"sann-ê\" tsi-luī ê té-gú thong-siông su-iàu piáu-sī tsò \"sann-ê X (siánn-mi̍h khuán) lâng\", kî-tiong X sī sik-iōng teh \"lâng\" tsit-ê bîng-sû ê hun-luī-sû. Hun-luī-sû ū-tang-sî-á mā-ū kî-thann ê kong-lîng; teh Tiong-bûn lāi-té, hun-luī-sû thong-siông kǹg-teh bîng-sû ê thâu-tsîng tsò tsí-sī-sû [en] (sû-gī sī \"tsit-ê\" hi̍k-tsiá \"hit-ê\"). Hàn-gú ê hun-luī-sû thong-siông ia̍h hông kiò-tsò liōng-sû [en], sui-bóng ū tsi̍t-kuá-á tsok-tsiá ū-kā tsit nn̄g-ê su̍t-gú tsìn-hîng hun-luī ê khu-hun. Koh teh Bí-kok ê tshiú-gú lāi-té, ti̍k-tīng ê tshiú-hîng hun-luī-sû [en] in-ê tshiú-hîng tāi-piáu-tio̍h bîng-sû teh khong-kan tang-tiong ê hong-hiòng.\n\nHun-lūi hē-thóng hām bîng-sû luī-pia̍t [en] tsi-kan tsûn-tsāi-tio̍h tsi̍t-kuá-á sio-kāng-khuán ê sóo-tsāi, sui-bóng in tsi-kan ū tsûn-tsāi bîng-hián ê tsha-ī. Tsah-ū hun-luī-sû ê gú-giân, teh tsia--ê gú-giân lāi-té khó-lîng tsûn-tsāi-ū sòo-pah-ê hun-luī-sû. Kū-iú bîng-sû-luī (ti̍k-pia̍t sī-ū sìng-pia̍t [en] khu-hun ê ti̍k-sìng) ê gú-giân, óng-óng kū-iú khah tsió-liōng ê hun-luī-sû. Tsit-khuán bíng-siù-luī ê gú-giânbô-tiānn-tio̍h uá-khò bîng-sû sóo pau-hâm ê ì-gī, m̄-kù tsit-khuán gú-giân kū-iú tsiann-tsē-tsiòng ê gú-huat kiat-kó hâm-gī.\n\nKài-su̍t\n--------\n\nLuī-pia̍t-sû sī teh tsi̍t-kuá-á gú-huat piáu-sī ê siōng-hā-bû tang-tiong tînn-tuè bîng-sû ê tān-sû (hi̍k-tsiá teh tsi̍t-kuá-á hun-sik lāi-té, pak-tīng gū-sóo [en]), thong-siông huán-ìng-tio̍h bîng-sû ê bóo-tsióng kài-liām hun-luī, tsú-iàu khiā-tī i sóo tsì tuì-siōng [en] ê ti̍k-ting. In-tshú, tsi̍t-tsióng gú-giân khong-lîng ū tsi̍t-ê hun-luī-sû iōng teh piáu-sī lâng-ê bîng-sû, līng-guā tsi̍t-ê iōng teh piáu-sī pîng-bīn bu̍t-thé ê bîng-sû, koh līng-guā tsi̍t-ê iōng teh piáu-sī sî-kan-tuan ê bîng-sû, tíng-tíng Kā hun-luī-sû hun-phuè hōo mā-ū khó-lîng teh bóo-tsióng thîng-tōo siōng sī pukho ū-tshik ê, ū tsi̍t-kuá-á ê bîng-sû àn-tsiàu li̍k-sú siōng khak-li̍p ê kuàn-lē tshái-iōng bóo tsi̍t-kuá-á ê hun-luī-sû.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Comrie, Bernard; Haspelmath, Martin; Bickel, Balthasar (2008). \"Leipzig glossing rules: Conventions for interlinear morpheme-by-morpheme glosses\". goân-loē-iông tī 2019-08-04 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-04-12 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* Dixon, R. M. W. (1982). Classifiers in Yidiny. In R. M. W. Dixon (ed.), *Where have all the adjectives gone?* (pp. 185–205.) Berlin: Mouton. (Eng-gí)\n* Walsh, M. (1997). Noun classes, nominal classification and generics in Murrinhpatha. In M. Harvey & N. Reid (eds.), *Nominal classification in Aboriginal Australia* (pp. 255–292). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. (Eng-gí)\n* Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. (2000). *Classifiers: A typology of noun categorization devices*. Oxford studies in typology and linguistic theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-823886-X. (Eng-gí)\n* Allan, Keith. (1977). Classifiers. *Language*, **53**, 2, 285–311. (Eng-gí)\n* Craig, Colette. (ed.) (1986). *Noun Classes and Categorization: Proceedings of a Symposium on Categorization and Noun Classification, Eugene, Oregon, October 1983*. Typological Studies in Language, 7. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. (Eng-gí)\n* Rude, Noel. (1986). Graphemic classifiers in Egyptian hieroglyphics and Mesopotamian cuneiform. In Colette Grinevald (ed.), *Noun Classes and Categorization* (pp. 133-138.) Amsterdam: John Benjamins. (Eng-gí)\n* Senft, Gunther. (ed.) (2008). Systems of nominal classification. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Eng-gí)\n* Grinevald (Craig), Colette. (2004). \"97. Classifiers,\" in: C. Lehmann, J. Mugdan et al. (eds.), Morphology, An International Handbook on Inflection and Word-Formation. Volume 2. Berlin – New York: De Gruyter, 1016–1032. (Eng-gí)\n* Goldwasser, Orly & Colette Grinevald (Craig) (2012). \"What Are Determinatives Good For?,\" in: E. Grossman, S. Polis & J. Winand (eds.), Lexical Semantics in Ancient Egyptian. Hamburg: Widmaier, 17–53. (Eng-gí)\n* Bauer, Brigitte. L. M. (2017). Nominal Apposition in Indo-European Its Forms and Functions, and Its Evolution in Latin-Romance. Berlin – Boston: De Gruyter. Chapter 3: 62–88. (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Chí-sia̍p tuì-siōng [en] (Tsí-tshing/Referent)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* SIL: Glossary of Linguistic Terms: What is a noun class? (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Lūi-pia̍t-sû (gú-giân-ha̍k)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1912,4992,0.38301282051282054],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5804}} -{"text":"\n**Lū Siù-liân** (呂秀蓮, 1944 nî 6 goe̍h 7 ji̍t chhut-sì ), chó͘-ke Hok-kiàn Chiang-chiu Lâm-chēng Su-iûⁿ-chhoan (書洋村). 1944 nî 6 go̍eh 7 hō, chhut-sī tī Tâi-ôan Thô-hn̂g-kōan, kàu-taⁿ bī-hun. \n\nSió-ha̍k pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, Lū Siù-liân khó-ji̍p Tâi-pak-chhi Tē-it Lú-chú Tiong-ha̍k. Che í-āu, khó-ji̍p Tâi-ôan Tāi-ha̍k Hoat-lût-hē, āu--lâi iū-koh tī chit-keng tāi-ha̍k ê Hoat-lu̍t Gián-kiù-só· tha̍k sek-sū, put-jī-kò kan-na tha̍k 1-nî to̍h hòng-khì. 1969 nî, Lū Siù-liân khò chióng-ha̍k-kim khì-kàu Bí-kok Illinois Tāi-ha̍k (University of Illinois) liû-ha̍k chhim-chō, pēng-chhiáⁿ tī 1971 nî the̍h-tio̍h pí-kàu hoat-ha̍k sek-sū ê ha̍k-ūi. Tiàm Bí-kok tha̍k-chheh kî-kan, i bat choan-kang khì-kòe 1-pái Au-chiu, hām Tâi-ôan To̍k-li̍p Kiàn-kok Liân-bêng Au-chiu pún-pō· ê hū-chek-lâng Tiuⁿ Ûi-ka (張維嘉) chhú-tit liân-hē, che sī Lū Siù-liân chit-sì-lâng tē-it pái hām hái-gōa tâi-to̍k sè-le̍k kau-koan. Mā-sī in-ūi án-ne, chhiok-sú Lū Siù-liân ho̍ah-chhut tâi-to̍k ê tē-it pō·, pēng-chhiáⁿ tī ji̍t-āu ê jîn-seng lō·-thô· siōng, lú kiâⁿ lú tōa ho̍ah. \n\nÀn Bí-kok tò-tńg-khì Tâi-ôan liáu-āu, Lū Siù-liân bat tiàm Hêng-chèng-īⁿ Hoat-kui Úi-ôan-hōe chò kòe kho-tiúⁿ, choan-ôan kah chu-gī (諮議), āu--lâi, koh bat tī *Tiong-kok Sî-pò* kah *Tâi-ôan Sî-pò* tām-jīm choan-nôa chok-ka (專欄作家), hit-sî, i tī Ko-hiông kah Tâi-pak siat-li̍p pó-hō· lí choan-sòaⁿ, thê-chhiòng pó-hō· hū-lú kôan-lī, sok-chō sin lú-sèng, chū án-ne, ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á khai-sí chìn-hêng hū-lú ūn-tōng. Lū Siù-liân pún-jiân sī Kok-bîn-tóng tóng-ôan, m̄-koh àn 1974 nî khai-sí to̍h chin-chió chham-ka Kok-bîn-tóng ê tóng-bū o̍ah-tōng. Āu--lâi i khui chhut-pán-siā (miâ hō-chòe Thok-hong-chiá <拓荒者>), ka-tī chò chhut-pán-siā ê siā-tiúⁿ, chhú-khì i kiâⁿ-hiòng tóng-gōa hóan-tùi sè-le̍k chit-tiâu ê tō-lō·. 1978 nî, the̍h-tio̍h Bí-kok Harvard Tāi-ha̍k (Harvard University) hoat-ha̍k sek-sū ê ha̍k-ūi. Pún-jiân, i koat-tēng beh tī chit-ê sî-chūn tńg-lâi Tâi-ôan chham-sóan Thô-hn̂g tē-khu ê cheng-gia̍h li̍p-hoat úi-ôan, put-jī-kò āu--lâi i pēng-bô án-ne chò, tian-tó sī í tóng-gōa jîn-sū ê sin-hūn chham-sóan Thô-hn̂g-kōan ê kok-tāi tāi-piáu. In-ūi án-ne, Kok-bîn-tóng soah-lâi khai-tû i ê tóng-che̍k. Mā to̍h-sī tī chit-1-nî ê nî-tē, Bí-kok soan-pò· kah Tâi-ôan tōan-cho̍at gōa-kau koan-hē, Lū Siú-liân hām 50 gōa ê Kok-bîn-tóng ê tóng-gōa jîn-sū thīn-thâu, hoat-piáu só·-ūi ê kok sī seng-bêng, ho·-iok siā-hōe kok-kài to̍h-ài kian-chhî chú-tiuⁿ Tâi-ôan ê miā-ūn iû 1700-bān jîn-bîn ka-tī chò koat-tēng, i koh kóng chéng-kô Tâi-ôan ê le̍k-sú sī 1-phō hō· gōa-lâi cho̍k-kûn thóng-tī kah hóan-khòng kiông-kôan ê bîn-cho̍k ūn-tōng sú, kiông-tiāu Kok-bîn-tóng sī gōa-lâi chèng-kôan. \n\n1979 nî 8 ge̍h, Lū Siù-liân chham-ú *Bí-lē-tó* chit-pún cha̍p-chì ê chhòng-pān, chhut-jīm cha̍p-chì-siā siā-tiúⁿ, mā chiâⁿ-chòe āu-kî tóng-gōa ūn-tōng ê chú-iàu jîn-bu̍t. Hit-nî ê 12 ge̍h 10 hō, *Bí-lē-tó* cha̍p-chì siā thàn-tio̍h kì-liām sè-kài jîn-kôan-ji̍t ê ki-hōe, tī Ko-hiông-chhī chó·-chit chi̍p-hōe pēng-chhiáⁿ gia̍h hóe-kū iû-hêng se̍h ke-á-lō·, kiông-lia̍t iau-kiû chèng-hú kài-tû \"Kài-giām\", khai-hòng \"tóng-kìm\" kah \"pò-kìm\", āu--lâi cho-siū chèng-hú tìn-a̍p. In-ūi chham-ú chit-pái ê sū-kiāⁿ, sia̍p-hiâm pōan-lōan chōe hō· kun-sū hoat-têng pòaⁿ-hêng 12 nî. 1984 nî 3 go̍eh, tng-leh ho̍k-hêng ê Lū Siù-liân, in-ūi sin-thé bô sóng-khoài, lāu chèng-thâu iū-koh hoat-chok, tit-tio̍h pó-gōa chiū-i ê ki-hoē choâⁿ sūn-soà chhut-ga̍k. Chāi chhin-chiâⁿ ê pang-chān chi-hā, Lū Siù-liân chiah ū-hoat-thang khì Bí-kok tha̍k-chheh. Tiàm Bí-kok kî-kan, i chhòng-pān Pak-Bí-chiu Tâi-ôan Hū-lú-hōe, hām hái-gōa ê Tâi-to̍k jîn-sū liân-hē kiâⁿ chin kīn. Lū Siù-liân tn̂g-kî thui-sak Hū-lú ūn-tōng, cheng-chhú bîn-chú chū-iû, hóan-khòng Kok-bîn-tóng to̍k-chhâi thóng-tī, hō· lâng khōaⁿ-chò sī Tâi-ôan sin lú-sèng chú-gī chhòng-chō-chiá, thui-tōng-chiá kah tóng-gōa siāng-kài ū châi-chêng ê cha-bó·-lâng. M̄-koh chit-ê sî-chūn ê Lū Siù-liân si̍t-chè-siōng í-keng ôan-chôan chiâⁿ-chòe \"kek-toan tâi-to̍k hūn-chú\". 1988 nî, Lū Siù-liân tò-tńg-khì Tâi-ôan, keh-nî chiâⁿ-chòe Bîn-chú jîn Tông-bêng-hōe kah Sin lú-sèng Liân-ha̍p-hōe ê lí-sū-tiúⁿ. Kāng nî-tō· ê 11 ge̍h, Lū Siú-liân ka-ji̍p Bîn-chìn-tóng, chhú-khí liáu-āu, tiàm Tâi-oân chèng-tôaⁿ, i it-ti̍t-thàu pōan-ián tio̍h \"kek-toan Tāi-to̍k jîn-sū\" ê kak-sek. \n\n| |\n| --- |\n| **Lū Siù-liân** |\n| chèng-hú chit-bū\n |\n| Chiap-sio̍kLiāu Pún-iông tāi-lí | **Thô-hn̂g-koān koān-tiúⁿ**1997 nî–2000 nî | Kè-sio̍kKhó͘ Èng-chhim tāi-lí |\n| Chiap-sio̍kLiân Chiàn | **Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok hù-chóng-thóng**2000 nî–2008 nî | Kè-sio̍kSiau Bān-tiông |\n| chèng-tóng chit-bū |\n| Chiap-sio̍kSo͘ Cheng-chhiong | **Bîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng tóng-chú-se̍k (tāi-lí)**2005 nî–2006 nî | Kè-sio̍kIû Sek-khun |\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong-hoâ Bîn-kok hù-chóng-thóng |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n* Lê Goân-hông\n* Pâng Kok-chiong\n* *bô* (1917–1948)\n* Lí Chong-jîn\n* Tân Sêng\n* Giâm Ka-kàm\n* Siā Tong-bín\n* Lí Teng-hui\n* Lí Goân-chhok\n* Liân Chiàn\n* Lū Siù-liân\n* Siau Bān-tiông\n* Ngô͘ Tun-gī\n* Tân Kiàn-jîn\n* Lōa Chheng-tek\n\n | Flag of the Republic of China |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nThô-hn̂g-chhī Chhī-tiúⁿ |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Koān sî-tāi(Thô-hn̂g-koān Koān-tiúⁿ) | \n* Chhî Giân\n* Chhî Chông-tek\n* Tiuⁿ Hong-siat\n* Gô͘ Hông-lîn\n* Tân Tn̂g-siū\n* Khó͘ Sin-ki\n* Lí Sū-iû (tāi-lí)\n* Gô͘ Pek-hiông\n* Ang Khiám (tāi-lí)\n* Khó͘ Sìn-liông\n* Ia̍p Kok-kong (tāi-lí)\n* Chhî Hông-chì\n* Lâu Pang-iú\n* Liāu Pún-iông (tāi-lí)\n* Lū Siù-liân\n* Khó͘ Èng-chhim (tāi-lí)\n* Chu Li̍p-lûn\n* N̂g Bín-kong (tāi-lí)\n* Gô͘ Chì-iông\n\n | |\n| |\n| Ti̍t-hat-chhī sî-tāi | \n* Tēⁿ Bûn-chhàn\n* Tiuⁿ Siān-chèng\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nBîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng chú-se̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chú-se̍k | Kang Pêng-kian **·** Iâu Ka-bûn **·** N̂g Sìn-kài **·** Khó͘ Sìn-liông **·** Si Bêng-tek (tāi-lí) **·** Si Bêng-tek **·** Tiuⁿ Chùn-hông (tāi-lí) **·** Khó͘ Sìn-liông (2 kài) **·** Lîm Gī-hiông **·** Siā Tiông-têng **·** Tân Chúi-píⁿ **·** Koa Kiàn-bêng (tāi-lí) **·** So͘ Cheng-chhiong **·** Lū Siù-liân (tāi-lí) **·** Iû Sek-khun **·** Chhòa Tông-êng (tāi-lí) **·** Tân Chúi-píⁿ (2 kài) **·** Siā Tiông-têng (tāi-lí) **·** Chhòa Eng-bûn **·** Tân Kiok (tāi-lí) **·** So͘ Cheng-chhiong (2 kài) **·** Chhòa Eng-bûn (2 kài) **·** Lîm Iū-chhiong (tāi-lí) **·** Toh Êng-thài **·** Chhòa Eng-bûn (3 kài) **·** Tân Kî-māi (tāi-lí) **·** Lōa Chheng-tek |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 27868657\n* LCCN: n85377729\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 1469 7150\n* GND: 118844202\n* NLA: 36643637\n* CiNii: DA12462477\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Lū Siù-liân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2225,6502,0.3422023992617656],"infobox":["\n
    Lū Siù-liân
    \n呂秀蓮
    \n
    Tē 10, 11 jīm Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok hù-chóng-thóng
    \nJīm-kî
    2000 nî 5 goe̍h 20 ji̍t – 2008 nî 5 goe̍h 20 ji̍t
    Chóng-thóng\nTân Chúi-píⁿ
    Chêng-jīm\nLiân Chiàn
    Kè-jīm\nSiau Bān-tiông
    Kò-jîn chu-sìn
    Chhut-sì\n1944 nî 6 goe̍h 6 ji̍t （1944-06-06）(78 hòe)
    \"Ji̍t-pún Ji̍t-pún léng Tâi-oân Sin-tek-chiu Thô-hn̂g-kūn Thô-hn̂g-ke
    (taⁿ sio̍k \"\" Tâi-oân Thô-hn̂g-chhī Thô-hn̂g-khu)
    Chèng-tóng\nBîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng
    Bú-hāu\nKok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k
    Illinois Tāi-ha̍k
    Harvard Tāi-ha̍k
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7568}} -{"text":"\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Le̍k-sú-su |\n| Iok-su-a-kì |\n| Sū-su-kì |\n| Lō·-tek-kì |\n| Sat-bó·-jíⁿ-kì chiūⁿ hā |\n| Lia̍t-ông-kì chiūⁿ hā |\n| Le̍k-tāi-chì chiūⁿ hā |\n| Í-su-láh-kì |\n| Nî-hi-bí-kì |\n| Í-su-thiap-kì |\n| |\n\n**Lō·-tek-kì** sī chi̍t-phiⁿ khó-í ko-siōng, un-hiong tōng-jîn ê kò·-sū, Sū-su-kì só· kì-chài ê hōan-lān sî-kî ûi pòe-kéng, biâu-su̍t chi̍t-tōaⁿ le̍k-sú ê chhah-khek. Sū-su-kì ū put-siáu kò·-sū kì-su̍t Sîn ê jîn-bîn chāi lī-khì Sîn sî-hāu cho-gū kàu ê chai-lān. Lō·-tek ê kò·-sū khioh biâu-siá gōa-kok-lâng kui-hiòng Í-sek-lia̍t ê Siōng-tè in-jî bông-siū hok-khì, piàn-sêng Sîn tiong-sim chú-bîn ê chi̍t pō·-hūn.\n\nPún-su Tê-iàu\n-------------\n\n* Ná-o-bí kap Lō·-tek hóan-hê Pek-lī-hêng. (Chi̍t-chiuⁿ: Chi̍t kàu 22-chat)\n\n* Lō·-tek gū-siāng Pho-a-su. (Nn̄g-chiuⁿ: Chi̍t-chat kàu Saⁿ-chiuⁿ :18-chat)\n\n* Pho-a-su kin Lō·-tek kiat-hun (Sì-chiuⁿ: Chi̍t-kàu 22-chat)","meta":{"title":"Lō͘-tek-kì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[379,818,0.4633251833740831],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1005}} -{"text":"Evo Morales\n**Juan Evo Morales Aima** (1959 nî 10 goe̍h 26), Bolivia chó-phài chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t, coca chèng-choh ūn-tōng ê thâu-lâng, tī 2005 nî ê chóng-thóng soán-kí tōa-iâⁿ tùi-chhiú, chiâⁿ-chò hit-kok thâu-1-ê goân-chū-bîn (Aymara-cho̍k) chóng-thóng.\n\nI sī *cocalero* ūn-tōng kap Ǹg Siā-hōe-chú-gī Ūn-tōng (*Movimiento al Socialismo*, MAS) ê thâu-lâng. *Cocalero* sī chèng coca ê choh-sit-lâng cho·-ha̍p ê liân-bêng; in hoán-tùi Bí-kok bia̍t coca ê chèng-chhek.\n\nChóng-thóng jīm-lāi\n-------------------\n\nTī 2006 nî i soan-pò͘ Bolivia beh chiōng goā-kok kong-si ê thian-jiân-khì sán-gia̍p kok-iú-hoà pēng-chhiáⁿ sûi phài peng-á kap koaⁿ-oân khì hoāⁿ 53 cho͘ siat-si. I kóng goā-kok kong-si ū 6 goe̍h-ji̍t ê sî-kan thang hām chèng-hú kau-sia̍p sin koan-hē. Siū éng-hióng ê kong-si ū 20 goā keng, pau-koah Pa-se ê kok-iú kong-si Petrobras. Bolivia ê thian-jiân-khì chu-goân sī Latin Bí-chiu tē 2 toā--ê, pâi toà Venezuela āu-piah.","meta":{"title":"Evo Morales","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,866,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1032}} -{"text":"The Eye of Providence, as seen on the US $1 bill, has been perceived by some to be evidence of a conspiracy linking the founding fathers of the United States to the Illuminati.:58:47–49\n**Im-bô͘-lūn** (陰謀論) sī tùi le̍k-sú ia̍h tong-tāi sū-kiāⁿ chò-chhut te̍k-pia̍t kái-soeh ê kóng-hoat, thong-siông àm-siā sū-kiāⁿ ê kong-khai kái-soeh sī thiau-kang khi-moâ, iû pōe-āu ê chi̍p-thoân teh chhau-chhiòng sū-thài ê hoat-tián hām kiat-kó, lâi chhú-tit chi̍p-thoân ê siōng-toā lī-ek. Chit-khoán te̍k-pia̍t ê kái-soeh hām it-poaⁿ phó͘-phiàn hō͘ lâng chiap-siū ê kái-soeh bô-kāng, in ē kā sū-kiāⁿ kái-soeh chò kò-jîn ia̍h thoân-thé pì-bi̍t chhek-ōe ê kiat-kó.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Barkun, Michael (2003). *A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America*. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 3–4.\n2. ↑ Issitt, Micah; Main, Carlyn (2014). *Hidden Religion: The Greatest Mysteries and Symbols of the World's Religious Beliefs*. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-61069-478-0.\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikiquote ū ***Im-bô͘-lūn*** ê ín-iōng-kù. |\n\nKhì Wiktionary chhâ \n***conspiracy theory*** chit ê sû.\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Conspiracy theories*** |\n\n* Conspiracy Theories, *Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy*\n\nConspiracy theories [en]","meta":{"title":"Im-bô͘-lūn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[425,1144,0.3715034965034965],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1444}} -{"text":"***Chhiau-kip Âng-lâng-pńg*** (超級紅人榜) sī Tâi-oân Sam-lip Tiān-sī-tâi ê chhiùⁿ-koa pí-sài chiat-bo̍k. Iû U Bí-jîn (于美人) kah Chhoà Chhiong-hiàn (蔡昌憲) liân-ha̍p tsú-tshî. 2010 nî 11 gue̍h 7 ji̍t khai-sí pò-tshut. Sam-lip Tâi-oân-tâi múi lé-pài-ji̍t àm-sî 6-tiám-poànn kàu 8-tiám pò-chhut. Tak-lé-pài ū tshiánn gōo-ê phîng-phuànn. Ū Iû Hông-bêng (游鴻明), N̂g Su-chùn (黃舒駿), Âng Kèng-giâu (洪敬堯), Khó͘ Siông-tek (許常德), Siù-lân Má-ngá (秀蘭瑪雅), Chiam Ngá-bûn (詹雅雯) kah Tân Khèng-jîn (陳慶仁). Tak-ê pîhng-phuànn siōng-tsē ē-sái phuánn gōo-hun. Ha̍p leh puán-hun sī ji̍p-tsah-gōo-hun. Tshiat-bo̍k sī iōng kok-gí chú-chhî kah pêng-lūn, iōng tâi-gí tshiùnn-kua.\n\nKui-tshek\n---------\n\nPí-sài pun-choè 30-hoè í-hā ê \"ngó͘-siōng-cho͘\" kap 30-hoè í-siōng ê \"chheng-chhun-cho͘\". Chit 2-cho͘ tak-lé-pài lóng ū 2-ê pí-sài-chiá. Siōng-koân-hun ê lâng chiah-kok kah téng-lé-pài iâⁿ ê lâng sio-pí.","meta":{"title":"Chhiau-kip Âng-lâng-pńg","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,873,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1006}} -{"text":"**Kâng-miâ-jī** (Eng-gí: *homonym*; Óa-im: \"***HÓ-MO-NÌM**-yes*\"; gí-goân: *homo-* \"sio-siâng\" + *-nym* \"hō-miâ\") ia̍h **tông-im-gí** (Ji̍t-gí: 同音語) sī ho͘-im kap siá-hoat sio-siâng m̄-koh ì-sù bô-kâng ê tan-jī, nā chiàu goân-choân ì-sù thang hō chò \"kâng-im kâng-hêng bô-kàng ì-sù ê tan-jī\". Chit-khoán jī mā ē-sài kóng sī ū chē khoán ì-sù ê chi̍t-ê tan-jī, chóng-sī chia ê ì-sù tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī bô-kâng lâi-goân, ka-ta sī bô tú-hó ū sio-siâng ê ho͘-im ia̍h tàu-jī.\n\nPí-lūn chiàu Pe̍h-ōe-jī chò chiàⁿ-jī-hoat ê Hō-ló-oē lâi-kóng, \"su-hoat\" (司法) kap su-hoat (書法) tiō sǹg sī chi̍t khoán kâng-miâ-jī. Bô-kâng siá-hoat m̄-koh ho͘-im sio-siâng ê jī mā sǹg sī kâng-miâ-jī, chhan-chhiūⁿ Ji̍t-pún-ōe ê \"機関\" (ki-koan) kap \"器官\" (khì-koan) lóng tha̍k *kikan*, m̄-koh chiàu Hàn-jī lâi kóng sī bô-kâng siá-hoat. Nā tùi Hàn-jī ê koan-tiám lâi kóng, che nn̄g lē lóng sǹg chò ī-hêng-jī (*heterograph*).\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. ↑ \"homonym (n.)\". *Online Etymology Dictionary*. 2018-12-13 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"同音語\". *Kotobank.jp*. 2018-12-13 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Kâng-miâ-jī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[111,981,0.11314984709480122],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1176}} -{"text":"**Sèng Francis--ê Kî-tó-bûn** (Hoat-gí: *Prière de saint François*), hőng lia̍h-chó sī Sèng Francis siá--ê kî-tó-bûn, m̄-koh bô chèng-kù kóng i tī 1912 nî chìn-chêng tio̍h chhut-hiān.\n\nHoat-gí-pán\n-----------\n\nKin-kù *La Clochette* cha̍p-chì 1912 nî 12 goe̍h (Tē 12 Hō)--ê tē 285 ia̍h, bô lo̍h-miâ:\n\nSeigneur, fais de moi un instrument de ta paix.\nLà où il y a de la haine, que je mette l’amour.\nLà où il y a l’offense, que je mette le pardon.\nLà où il y a la discorde, que je mette l’union.\nLà où il y a l’erreur, que je mette la vérité.\nLà où il y a le doute, que je mette la foi.\nLà où il y a le désespoir, que je mette l’espérance.\nLà où il y a les ténèbres, que je mette votre lumière.\nLà où il y a la tristesse, que je mette la joie.\nÔ Maître, que je ne cherche pas tant à être consolé qu’à consoler,\nà être compris qu’à comprendre,\nà être aimé qu’à aimer,\ncar c’est en donnant qu’on reçoit,\nc’est en s’oubliant qu’on trouve,\nc’est en pardonnant qu’on est pardonné,\nc’est en mourant qu’on ressuscite à l’éternelle vie.\n\n1 chióng Eng-gí hoan-e̍k\n------------------------\n\nLord, make me an instrument of thy peace.\nWhere there is hatred, let me sow love;\nWhere there is injury, pardon;\nWhere there is doubt, faith;\nWhere there is despair, hope;\nWhere there is darkness, light;\nWhere there is sadness, joy.\nO divine Master, grant that I may not so much seek\nTo be consoled as to console,\nTo be understood as to understand,\nTo be loved as to love;\nFor it is in giving that we receive;\nIt is in pardoning that we are pardoned;\nIt is in dying to self that we are born to eternal life.\n\nHô-ló-oē hoan-e̍k\n-----------------\n\nChú--ah, hō͘ goá chò lí hô-pêng--ê kang-kū.\nŪ oan-siû--ê só͘-chāi, hō͘ goá iā ài.\nŪ siong-hāi-ê só͘-chāi, hō͘ goá iā sià-bián.\nŪ giâu-gî--ê só͘-chāi, hō͘ goá iā siong-sìn.\nŪ choa̍t-bāng--ê só͘-chāi, hō͘ goá iā ǹg-bāng.\nŪ pi-siong--ê só͘-chāi, hō͘ goá iā hí-lo̍k.\nSèng-chú--ah, èng-ún goá m̄-thang kiû\nSiū an-ùi khah-chē an-ùi pa̍t-lâng,\nSiū liáu-kái khah-chē liáu-kái pa̍t-lâng,\nSiū lâng thiàⁿ khah-chē thiàⁿ pa̍t-lâng.\nIn-ūi hō͘ pa̍t-lâng--ê sî, gún ē tit-tio̍h;\nSià-bián pa̍t-lâng--ê sî, gún ē siū sià-bián.\nTī sí-bông--ê sî, gún ē oa̍h tī éng-oa̍h.","meta":{"title":"Sèng Francis ê Kî-tó-bûn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1927,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2378}} -{"text":"**Nigeria chà-khi** (Eng-gí: *Nigerian scams*), mā thang hō **419 chà-khi**, sī chi̍t khoán chà-khi (chà-phiàn, phiàn-kio̍k) hêng-sek. \n\nNigeria chà-khi bô it-tēng kap Nigeria ū koān-hē, i ki-pún ê sêng-hun mā kiò sìn-jīm phiàn-su̍t. Chú-iàu sī phiàn kóng beh pun chi̍t pit chîⁿ hō͘ pī-hāi-chiá , m̄-koh tāi-seng iau-kiû pī-hāi-chiá la̍p chi̍t kóa só͘-hùi, nā pī-hāi-chiá khak-si̍t hō͘ pián--khì, pián-sian sòa--lo̍h-lâi to̍h ū khó-lêng koh pian chi̍t liân-sòa sin lí-iû lâi thó chîⁿ.\n\nÍ-chá Nigeria chài-khi sī lī-ēng phoe-sìn chiap-chhio̍k pī-hāi-chiá. Bāng-lō͘ hoat-tián liáu-āu, chá-kî sī lī-ēng e-mail, che mā sī \"Nigeria\" chi̍t-ê miâ-hō sán-seng ê pōe-kéng, in-ūi pián-sian tiāⁿ phiàn lâng kóng ū Nigeria ê chu-kim iā sī ka-tī sī \"Nigeria Ông-chú\"; nā \"419\" chit-ê sò͘-jī sī tùi Nigeria chà-khi-chōe hoat-lūt pian-hō 4-1-9 hō--lâi-ê.\n\nĀu-lâi koh hoat-tián ēng siā-kau ho̍k-bū phì-jû Facebook ia̍h Line téng mn̂g-lō͘ phiàn chîⁿ.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\nChit khoán chà-khi ū chi̍t khoán kó͘-chá hêng-sek kiò \"Se-pan-gâ Kaⁿ-siû\" (Spanish Prisoner).","meta":{"title":"Nigeria chà-khi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1024,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1202}} -{"text":"2017 Tâi-oân Teng-hōe chāi Hûn-lîm\n**Tâi-oân Teng-hōe** (臺灣燈會; Eng: *Taiwan Lantern Festival*) sī iû Tâi-oân Kau-thong-pō͘ Koan-kong-kio̍k chú-pān, ùi 1990 nî khai-sí tī ta̍k-nî Goân-siau kí-hêng ê tōa-hêng teng-hōe oa̍h-tāng. Che goân-té sī kan-na tī Tâi-pak-chhī kí-pān ê **Tâi-pak Teng-hōe** (臺北燈會), lo̍h-bóe tī 2001 nî khai-sí kái-miâ pēng khai-hòng choân-kok kok koān-chhī sio-cheⁿ múi-chi̍t nî ê chú-pān-khoân, chiâⁿ-chò choân-kok-sèng ê kok-ka-kip oa̍h-tāng.\n\nIû Tâi-pak-chhī Chèng-hú só͘ kí-pān ê teng-hōe hō-chò Tâi-pak Teng-cheh.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân Teng-hōe |\n| --- |\n| |\n| 1990 nî-tāi | \n* 1990\n* 1991\n* 1992\n* 1993\n* 1994\n* 1995\n* 1996\n* 1997\n* 1998\n* 1999\n\n |\n| |\n| 2000 nî-tāi | \n* 2000\n* 2001\n* 2002\n* 2003\n* 2004\n* 2005\n* 2006\n* 2007\n* 2008\n* 2009\n\n |\n| |\n| 2010 nî-tāi | \n* 2010\n* 2011\n* 2012\n* 2013\n* 2014\n* 2015\n* 2016\n* 2017\n* 2018\n* 2019\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Teng-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[182,708,0.2570621468926554],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1063}} -{"text":"NASA oē-chheⁿ tô͘\n*Moai*, lâng-hêng ê chio̍h-tiau\n**Koh-oa̍h-cheh-tó**, chāi-tē ê goân-chū-bîn kiò i chò **Rapa Nui** (goân-miâ **Te pito o te henua**), sī 1-ê tī tang Thài-pêng-iûⁿ ê ko͘-tó, siāng kīn koh ū tòa lâng ê lio̍k-tē sī Pitcairn Kûn-tó (2,075 km hn̄g), lī Lâm Bí-chiu tāi-lio̍k 3,515 km hn̄g. Che sī Polynesia lâng siāng tang ê si̍t-bîn-tē. Chèng-tī-siōng Rapa Nui sio̍k-î Chile, Se-pan-gâ miâ kiò-chò **Isla de Pascua** (**Koh-oa̍h-cheh-tó**). \n\nKoh-oa̍h-cheh-tó ê kī-hêng chio̍h-tiau (*moai*) sè-kài chhut-miâ.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nKoh-oa̍h-cheh-tó tī 27°09′ S 109°25′ W, bīn-chek 163.6 km², sī 1-ê saⁿ-kak-hêng, múi-1-ê kak sī 1-ê tùi hái-té thóng--chhut-lâi ê hóe-soaⁿ niá-thâu, miâ hō Poike (tang-lâm kak), Rano Kau (sai-lâm kak), Terevaka (pak kak). Poike siāng kó͘, Terevaka siāng sin. Terevaka tī 20-bān nî-chêng po̍k-hoat, lâu--chhut-lâi ê ko khàm kòe piáu-bīn 95% ê bīn-chek. Lâng iáu-bōe si̍t-bîn Rapa Nui chìn-chêng chiah-ê hoé-soaⁿ tō í-keng tiāⁿ--khì.\n\nKoh-oa̍h-cheh-tó tē-hêng bô chhiūⁿ Hawai‘i a̍h-sī chi̍t-kóa-á Polynesia si̍t-bîn-tē ū ko-soaⁿ ū soaⁿ-kok. Ūn-su lī-piān.\n\nSeng-thài\n---------\n\nHiān-tāi ê Koh-oa̍h-cheh-tó piáu-bīn bē-su 1 tè chháu-po͘, téng-bīn hán-tit ū chhiū-á. Chāi-tē iá-seng ê si̍t-bu̍t kan-taⁿ ū 48 chióng, kî-tiong siāng tōa-châng--ê sī *toromiro*-chhiū (*Sophora toromiro*), chhun--ê chú-iàu sī chháu-á lūi. Hoe-hún hun-sek chèng-bêng kó͘-chá-kó͘-chá tó-siōng ū 1-phiàn a-jia̍t-tài sim-lîm, pau-koah hiān-chāi tó-siōng bô-tè-chhōe--ê tōa-châng chhiū (*palm*, *Alphitonia* cf. *zizyphoides*, *Elaeocarpus rarotongensis* téng-téng). Hiah-ê chhiū āu--lâi chhò-tiāu chè-chō chûn-á, chò jiân-liāu, téng-téng.\n\nKhó-kó͘ hoat-hiān éng-kòe ū 6 chióng í-siōng ê chāi-tē lio̍k-tē chiáu-á kap 25-gōa-chióng hái-chiáu. In-ūi Rapa Nui pún-té oân-choân bô thian-jiân ê lia̍h-chia̍h tōng-bu̍t, tó-siōng ê khoân-kéng tùi chiáu-lūi chin iú-lī. Kīn-hái ê hî bô chē.\n\nLâng āu--lâi tòa ke, niáu-chhí lâi kàu tó-siōng. Sui-bóng niáu-chhí sī bô-tiuⁿ-tî chài--kòe-lâi-ê, āu--lâi mā chiâⁿ-chò tong-tē ê chia̍h-mi̍h chi-it.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nHiān-tāi ê Koh-oa̍h-cheh-tó jîn-kháu 3,791 ê (2002 ke-kah), chú-iàu tī hú-siâⁿ Hanga Roa. Kīn-lâi tùi tāi-lio̍k lâi ê Chile-lâng jú lâi jú chē. Le̍k-sú-siōng chāi-tē jîn-kháu piàn-tōng chin chē. Gōa-tē-lâng tòa--lâi ê thoân-jiám-pēⁿ bat kúi-nā-pái ín-khí tōa chai-lān.\n\nKó͘-chek\n--------\n\n300 ê *ahu*.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* Diamond, Jared. *Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed.* Penguin Books: 2005. ISBN 0-14-303655-6.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Easter Island*** |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTāi-iûⁿ-chiu ê kok-ka kap i-lāi-tē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chú-khoân kok-ka | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Si̍t-thé | Ò-chiu · Micronesia Liân-pang · Fiji · Kiribati · Marshall Kûn-tó · Nauru · New Zealand · Palau · Papua New Guinea · Samoa · Só͘-lô-bûn Kûn-tó · Tonga · Tuvalu · Vanuatu |\n| |\n| Pō͘-hūn | Koh-oa̍h-cheh-tó / Juan Fernández Kûn-tó (Chile) · Sai Papua / Papua (Ìn-nî) · Ogasawara (Ji̍t-pún) · Hawaii / Palmyra Khoân-chiau (Bí-kok) |\n\n | |\n| |\n| New Zealand ê liân-hē-pang | Niue · Cook Kûn-tó |\n| |\n| I-lāi-tē | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Ò-chiu | Ashmore kap Cartier Kûn-tó · Cocos (Keeling) Kûn-tó · Norfolk-tó · San-ô͘-hái-tó · Sèng-tàn-tó |\n| |\n| Bí-kok | Bí-kok léng Samoa · Baker-tó · Guam · Howland-tó · Jarvis-tó · Johnston Khoân-chiau · Kingman-chiau · Midway Khoân-chiau · Pak Mariana Kûn-tó · Wake-tó |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | Hoat-kok léng Polynesia / New Caledonia / Wallis kap Futuna (Hoat-kok) · Tokelau (New Zealand) · Pitcairn Kûn-tó (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok) |\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 242535628\n* GND: 4044035-7\n* SUDOC: 027252310\n* BNF: cb11933548k (data)\n* NKC: ge136505\n* BNE: XX450847\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Koh-oa̍h-cheh-tó","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1107,3499,0.3163761074592741],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4644}} -{"text":"Cheng-chú kap loán-chú tng-teh chìn-hêng siū-cheng chok-iōng.\nKóng-gī lâi kóng ê sèng-pia̍t ē-sái sī seng-lí sèng-pia̍t, sim-lí sèng-pia̍t, siā-hōe sèng-pia̍t, chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ í kài-siàu seng-lí sèng-pia̍t ûi-chú.\n\n**Seng-lí sèng-pia̍t** (生理性別) koh kiò-chò **seⁿ-si̍t sèng-pia̍t** (生殖性別) he̍k-chiá **seng-bu̍t sèng-pia̍t** (生物性別); seng-bu̍t tiong ū chē-chē bu̍t-chéng ē-sái khu-hun chò 2 ê ia̍h-sī 2 ê í-siōng ê chéng-lūi, hō-chò **sèng-pia̍t** (*sex*). Chia-ê bô-kāng ê sèng-pia̍t kò-thé ē kiat-ha̍p pó͘-chiok hō͘-siong ê ûi-thoân-chú lâi seⁿ-thoàⁿ āu-tāi, chit-khoán kòe-têng hō-chò seⁿ-thoàⁿ. Tián-hêng ê chêng-hòng hā, chi̍t ê bu̍t-chéng ē ū 2 chióng sèng-pia̍t: hiông-sèng kap chhu-sèng. Kî-tiong, chhu-sèng sī pī kài-tēng chò seng-sán khah-toā phòe-ngó͘-chú ê hit chi̍t hong. In-chhú, sèng-pia̍t ê chéng-lūi sī iû seng-bu̍t kò-thé tī sèⁿ-miā chiu-kî ê bó͘ chi̍t toāⁿ sî-kan lāi ē-tàng chip-hêng ê seⁿ-thoàⁿ kong-lêng só͘ koat-tēng.","meta":{"title":"Sèng-pia̍t (seng-bu̍t)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,968,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1115}} -{"text":"Tân Kùi-tông\n**Tân Kùi-tông** (陳季同; 1851 nî  – 1907 nî ), piáu-jī **Kèng-jû** (敬如), hō **Sam-sêng Cha-khek** (三乘槎客), sī Tiong-kok Boán-chheng Hâu-koaⁿ-koān chhut-sin ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I sī Boán-chheng bóe-kî ê Tiong-kok sin-chèng ê chham-ú-chiá, mā sī kāng chi̍t sî-kî ê gōa-kau-ka kap chok-ka.\n\nI tī 1867 nî khó-tiâu Kiû-sī Tông-gē Kio̍k (求是堂藝局), lo̍h-bóe ê Chûn-chèng O̍h-tn̂g. 1875 nî, Ji̍t-ì-kek tńg-khì Hoat-kok chhái-kò͘ chûn-kàm, Chûn-chèng Tāi-sîn Sím Pó-cheng kéng-soán Chûn-chèng O̍h-tn̂g ê iu-siù ha̍k-seng Tân Kùi-tông téng lâng tòe Ji̍t-ì-kek chò-hóe iû-le̍k Au-chiu. 1878 nî kàu 1889 nî i tī Hoat-kok Pa-lí Chèng-tī O̍h-tn̂g liû-ha̍k o̍h kong-hoat choan-gia̍p.\n\n1895 nî, Tâi-oân in-ūi *Shimonoseki Tiâu-iok* hō͘ Tiong-kok koah-niū hō͘ Ji̍t-pún, i chú-tiuⁿ sêng-li̍p kok-ka lâi tùi-gōa kiû-oān. Bóe-á chham-ú chhek-oe̍h Tâi-oân Bîn-chú Kok pēng khí-chhó *Bîn-chú-kok Soan-giân*, âu-lāi hō͘ Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok Tāi-chóng-thóng Tn̂g Kéng-siông jīm-bēng chò Gōa-bū Tāi-sîn, hū-chek hit kok ê gōa-kau sū-bū. M̄-koh, Ji̍t-pún kun-tūi teng-lio̍k liáu-āu, i mā tùi Tn̂g Kéng-siông lī-khui Tâi-oân.","meta":{"title":"Tân Kùi-tông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1086,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1255}} -{"text":"\n\n***Citrus*** (シトラス, Shitorasu) sī Saburôta ê pek-ha̍p loân-ài bàng-gah, tī It-sìn-siā (一迅社) ê *Comic Pek-ha̍p Ki* ùi 2013 nî 1 goe̍h hō khai-sí liân-chài. Kái-pian--ê tiān-sī tōng-oē tī 2018 nî 1 goe̍h khí khai-sí hòng-sàng.\n\nKò͘-sū\n------\n\nChāi-lâi m̄-bat loân-ài ê cha-bó͘ ko-tiong-seⁿ Lâm-goân Iū-chú in-ùi a-bú chài-hun, soán-kàu chi̍t-keng lú-chú ko-tiong. Tī hia, i tú-tio̍h hia ê ha̍k-seⁿ-hoē-tiúⁿ Gâ-i, soà m̄-chai, i tio̍h sī Iū-chú sin ê sió-moē, jī-chhiáⁿ in ài khùn kâng-chi̍t-keng pâng-keng. Kò͘-sū tio̍h sī chit 2-ê cha-bó͘-gín-á sī án-noá jú lâi jú oá, siōng-boé hoat-kak pí-chhú ê kám-chêng.\n\nJîn-bu̍t\n--------\n\nLâm-goân Iū-chú (藍原 柚子, *Aihara Yuzu*?)\nPhoè-im-oân: Tiok-ta̍t Chhái-nāi (竹達彩奈, Taketatsu Ayana)\nChú-kak. 8 goe̍h 8 ji̍t chhut-sì. Ùi a-bú chài-hun ê chhiu-thiⁿ choán-ha̍k kàu Lâm-goân Ha̍k-oân ê 1 nî A pan.\nI kā thâu-mo͘ ní chó ka-pi-sek. Sui-jiân khoàⁿ--khì-lâi chin iau-kiau, m̄-kuh m̄-bat loân-ài. Choán-khió sin ê ha̍k-hāu mā m̄ kái-piān i ê chēng-chhah. Sui-jiân kap iap-thiap ê o͘-niau Kok-kháu Chêng-bí chin tàu-tah, tān-sī kap ki-thaⁿ ê tông-o̍h lóng bô goā hó.\nLâm-goân Gâ-i (藍原 芽衣, *Aihara Mei*?)\nPhoè-im-oân: Chin-tiân Bí-pho (津田美波, Tsuda Minami)\nLēng-goā chi̍t-ê chú-kak. 9 goe̍h 13 ji̍t chhut-sì. Lí-sū-tiúⁿ ê cha-bó͘-sun, koh chi̍t-nî-á tio̍h chò ha̍k-seⁿ-hoē-tiúⁿ.\nThâu-mo͘ o͘ koh tn̂g, ho͘ lâng kám-kak chiaⁿ ko͘-sng. Chin gâu tha̍k cheh, tiaⁿ-tiaⁿ hō͘ in tông-o̍h ûi--leh. Mā chin tit hak-seⁿ-hoē ê lâng ê sìn-khò.\nKok-khió Chêng-bí (谷口 はるみ, *Taniguti Harumi*?)\nPhoè-im-oân: Têng-chéng Hēng-tāi (藤井ゆきよ, Fujii Yukiyo)\nIū-chú ê tông-o̍h, ko-tiong chiah lâi chit-keng ha̍k-hāu.\nI kā ti̍t thâu-mo͘ pa̍k chò nn̄g-pêng. Tī ha̍k-hāu ê sî kah siú-kui-kí, chāi-goā ê sî mā kap Iū-chú kāng-koán chng kah súi-súi.\nThô-bo̍k-iá Ki-chú (桃木野 姫子, *Momokino Himeko*?)\nPhoè-im-oân: Kiú-pó Pe̍k-ha̍p-hoa (久保ユリカ, Kubo Yurika)\nGâ-i ê tiok-má-chi-iú, ha̍k-seⁿ-hoē ê hù-hoē-tiúⁿ.\nSúi-te̍k Ba̍k-nī (水沢 まつり, *Mizusawa Maturi*?)\nPhoè-im-oân: Khut-iá Sa-iá-ka (堀野紗也加, Horino Sayaka)\nIū-chú ê tiok-má-chi-iú. Kok-tiong 2 nî-kip. Lâu kah keng-kah ê thâu-mo͘ hō i ní chó chhián-sek.\n\nChhut-pán ê chheh\n-----------------\n\n| Chi̍p-sò͘ |  Ji̍t-pún It-sìn-siā |  Tâi-oân Tong-li̍p Chhut-pán-siā |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Hoat-siū Ji̍t-kî | ISBN | Hoat-siū Ji̍t-kî | ISBN |\n| 1 | 2013 nî 8-goe̍h 1-ji̍t | ISBN-978-4-7580-7264-9 | 2015 nî 3-goe̍h 6-ji̍t | ISBN-978-986-382-506-7 |\n| 2 | 2014 nî 4-goe̍h 1-ji̍t | ISBN-978-4-7580-7297-7 | 2015 nî 7-goe̍h 7-ji̍t | ISBN-978-986-382-507-4 |\n| 3 | 2014 nî 12-goe̍h 1-ji̍t | ISBN-978-4-7580-7372-1 | 2016 nî 1-goe̍h 28-ji̍t | ISBN-978-986-382-508-1 |\n| 4 | 2015 nî 8-goe̍h 1-ji̍t | ISBN-978-4-7580-7449-0 | 2016 nî 5-goe̍h 24-ji̍t | ISBN-978-986-431-879-7 |\n| 5 | 2016 nî 5-goe̍h 18-ji̍t | ISBN-978-4-7580-7540-4 | | |\n\nGoā-pō͘ Liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* (Ji̍t-pún-gí)citrus(ピクシブ百科事典)\n* (Ji̍t-pún-gí)It-sìn-siā WEB bàng-gah Pek-ha̍p-ki","meta":{"title":"Citrus","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[840,2951,0.2846492714334124],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Citrus
    シトラス
    Citrus
    Kanaシトラス
    Lô-má-jīShitorasu
    Lūi-hêngLô-bān-sú, Pek-ha̍p
    \nBàng-gah
    Chok-chiá\nSaburouta
    Chhut-pán\nIt-sìn-siā
    Imprint\nYuri Hime Comics
    Cha̍p-chì\nComic Pek-ha̍p Ki
    Original run\nNovember 17, 2012 – present
    Volumes\n5
    Pang-bô͘ soat-bêng
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3276}} -{"text":"\n**Lichfield tuā kàu-tn̂g** (ing-gú: Lichfield Cathedra (Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St Chad)) sī England Staffordshire Lichfield ê tsi̍t-tsō Sìng-kong-huē tuā kàu-tn̂g, sī uî-it ê tsi̍t-tsō ióng-iú sann-ê tsiam-tíng ê tiong sè-kí Ing-kok tuā kàu-tn̂g. Lichfield tuā kàu-tn̂g (sī Lichfield kàu-khu ê tuā kàu-tn̂g, hâm-kài Staffordshire, Shropshire ê tuā-pōo-hūn tē-khu, í-ki̍p Black Country [en] hām West Midlands ê pōo-hūn tē-khu. Lichfield tuā kàu-tn̂g sī Lichfield tsú-kàu ê sóo-tsāi-tē, hiān-jīm tsú-kàu sī Michael Ipgrave [en], i tī 2016-nî hông jīm-bīng. Lichfield tuā-kàu-tn̂g mā sī it-kip pó-hōo kiàn-tio̍k.\n\nKhài-lám\n--------\n\nTuā kàu-tn̂ sī hiàn-hōo St Chad hām Saint Mary ê. Tuā kàu-tn̂ ê lāi-pōo tn̂g 113 m (371 ing-tshioh), tiong-tiān ê khuah-tōo 21 m (69 ing-tshioh). Tiong-iong tsiam-tíng kuân 77 m (253 ing-tshioh), sai-pîng tsiam-tíng kuân tāi-iok 58 m (190 ing-tshioh). Tsit-tè tsio̍h-thâu sī sua-giâm, lâi-tsū Lichfield lâm-pîng ê tsi̍t-ê tshái-tsio̍h-tiûnn. Iû-î thian-hua-pán kióng-tíng tang-tiong sú-iōng ê tsio̍h-thâu ê tāng-liōng, tiong-tiān ê piah sió-khuá-á hiòng-guā uai-tshua̍h; uī-tio̍h hông-tsí piah ē tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo ê uai-tshua̍h kî-tiong tāi-iokkî-tiong tāi-iok 200-300 tùn hông thiah-tiāu.\n\nLichfield teh Ing-kok lāi-tsiàn kî-kan tso-siū giâm-tiōng ê phò-hāi, sóo-ū ê tshái-sik po-lê lóng hông tshui-huí. Sui-bóng án-ne, Lady Chapel ê thang-á-mn̂g iu-guân pau-kuat tsi̍t-kuá hiàn-tsûn siong-hó ê tiong-sè-kí Flemish tshái-huē po-lê. Uì 1530 nî-tāi khai-sí, Lichfield lâi-tsū Belgium ê Herkenrode siu-tō-īnn,tī 1801-nî Napoleon tsiàn-tsing kî-kan Herkenrode siu-tō-īnn hông kái-suànn ê sî-tsūn hōo Brooke Boothby kòo-bé. Lichfield iōng kāng-khuán ê kè-siàu hông bē-hōo tuā-kàu-tn̂g. Betton hām Evans (1819-nî) mā-ū tsi̍t-kuá tsing-bí ê thang-a̍m, í-ki̍p 19 sè-kí āu-kî ê tsiânn-tsē thang-á-mn̂g, iû-kî sī Charles Eamer Kempe ê thang-á-mn̂g.\n\nLichfield hok-im-su, mā hông kiò-tsò \"Chad tsi su\" (Book of Chad), sī Matthew hok-im kah Mark hok-im, í-ki̍p Luke hok-im ê tsá-kî pōo-hūn; tsú-iàu iōng latin bûn-jī siá khí-lâi ê, ū tsi̍t-kuá bûn-jī sī tsá-kî ê -gú, ē-tàng tui-sòo kàu 730-nî tsîng-āu hit-tang-tsūn. Siōng-thâu-á ū nn̄g-kuàn, m̄-koh ū tsi̍t-kuàn teh İng-lân lāi-tsiàn kî-kan sit-tsong. Lichfield hok-im-su teh hong-keh siōng kah Lindisfarne hok-im-su bi̍t-tshiat siong-kuan. Uì Ho̍k-ua̍h-tsiat kàu Sìng-tàn-tsiat, tsit hūn tshiú-kó teh hun-huē-kuán tián-tshut.\n\nTuā kàu-tn̂g hū-kīn sī England siong uân-tsíng ê kàu-tn̂g tsi-it, pau-kuat tsi̍t-ê tiong-sè-kí tiânn-īnn, í-tsîng sī ha̍p-tshiùnn-thuân ê jîn-sū sóo tuà ê sóo-tsāi. Tsit sann-ê tsiam-tíng thong-siông hông kiò-tsò \"Suann-khenn ê Lú-sū\" (Ladies of the Vale),\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Historic England. \"Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St Chad (1298431)\". *National Heritage List for England*. 13 June 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. 1 2 \"Lichfield: The cathedral Pages 47–57 A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 14, Lichfield. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1990\". *British History Online*.\n3. ↑ Hawkes, Ross (9 July 2010). \"American experts help record Lichfield Cathedral's St Chad Gospels\". goân-loē-iông tī 11 October 2019 hőng khó͘-pih. 22 November 2019 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* Willis-Bund, John William (1905). *The Civil War in Worcestershire, 1642–1646; and the Scotch Invasion of 1651*. Birmingham: The Midland Educational Company. OCLC 767905615.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Black Country [en]\n* Michael Ipgrave [en]\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Lichfield tōa kàu-tn̂g*** |\n\n* Lichfield Cathedral website\n* Manuscripts of Lichfield Cathedral—Digital facsimiles of the St Chad Gospels and Cathedral's Wycliffe New Testament; includes overlay viewer, multispectral images, historical images (going back to 1887), collation, and presently sixteen interactive 3D and RTI renderings—University of Oklahoma\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 127830403\n* LCCN: n79081512\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 0683 6093\n* GND: 5516581-3\n* NLA: 35463974\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Lichfield tōa kàu-tn̂g","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2043,4702,0.43449595916631223],"infobox":["
    Lichfield tuā kàu-tn̂g
    \n(Sìng-bió Mary hām Sìng Chad tuā-kàu-tn̂g)
    \n
    Lichfield Cathedral ê se-bīn
    \n
    \"Lichfield
    \"Lichfield
    Lichfield tuā kàu-tn̂g
    Teh Staffordshire tē-khu lāi-té ê uī-tì
    Location\nStaffordshire Lichfield
    Country\nEngland
    Denomination\nChurch of England
    Previous denomination\nLô-má thian-chú-kàu
    Tradition\nHigh church
    Website\nwww.lichfield-cathedral.org
    History
    Status\nŪn-tsok tang-tiong
    Architecture
    Functional status\nCathedral
    Style\nGothic
    Years built\nc. 1195–1340
    Specifications
    Length\n113 m (371 ft)
    Nave width\n21 m (69 ft)
    Width across transepts\n50 m (160 ft)
    Height\n76.8 m (252 ft) (tiong-iong tsiam-tíng)
    Number of towers\n3
    Number of spires\n3
    Spire height\n76.8 m (252 ft) (huâinn-tn̄g-bīn), 60.5 m (198 ft) (se-bīn)
    Administration
    Province\nCanterbury
    Diocese\nLichfield (since 787–1075, c.1200–)
    Clergy
    Bishop(s)\nMichael Ipgrave
    Dean\nAdrian Dorber
    Precentor\nAndrew Stead
    Canon Chancellor\nGregory Platten
    Canon(s)\nJan McFarlane (Pó-kuán-jîn)
    Canon Treasurer\nkhang-uī
    Laity
    Director of music\nBen Lamb
    Organist(s)\nMartyn Rawles
    _BLANK_
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4540}} -{"text":"\n**Chester Nimitz** (Eng-bûn: *Chester William Nimitz*; 1885 nî 2 goe̍h 24 ji̍t – 1966 nî 2 goe̍h 20 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok Hái-kun le̍k-sú siōng ê chi̍t ūi chiong-kun, i siōng kôan ê kun-kai sī gō͘-chheⁿ goân-sòe. Nimitz chá-nî choan-bûn gián-kiù chǹg-chúi-théng, āu-lâi chiâⁿ-chòe Bí-kun lāi-bīn chhâ-iû iân-jín ê ki-su̍t choan-ka. Tī Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Chiàn-cheng po̍k-hoat liáu-āu, Nimitz chhut-jīm Bí-kok Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Lām-tūi ê chóng-su-lēng, khai-sí chú-tō tùi Ji̍t-pún ê chiàn-sū. Chiàn-āu, Nimitz tam-jīm Hái-kun Chok-chiàn Pō͘-tiúⁿ, it-ti̍t chò kàu 1947 nî thè-ngó͘ ûi-chí.\n\nNimitz tī 1966 nî kòe-sin. Bí-kok Hái-kun ūi-tio̍h beh kì-liām Nimitz, kā i kòe-sin liáu-āu ê tē-it chiah hâng-khong-bú-lām hō-chòe Nimitz-kip Hâng-khong-bú-lām, mā sī lo̍h-bóe ê Nimitz-hō Hâng-khong-bú-lām. Lēng-gōa, tī Hawaii Honolulu kap California Kū-kim-soaⁿ, iáu-ū chi̍t tiâu kì-liām i ê Nimitz ko-sok kong-lō͘.","meta":{"title":"Chester Nimitz","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[184,1066,0.1726078799249531],"infobox":["
    Chester Nimitz
    \n
    1960 nî chó-iū
    Tshut-sì\n1885 nî 2 goe̍h 24 ji̍t(1885-02-24)
    \"\" Bí-kok Texas
    Kuè-sin\n1966 nî 2 goe̍h 20 ji̍t (80 hòe)
    \"\" Bí-kok California Kū-kim-soaⁿ
    Kok-tsi̍k\n\"\" Bí-kok
    Tsit-gia̍p\nkun-jîn
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1010}} -{"text":"**Hoán-choân-kiû-hòa** sī hoán-tùi hiān-chhú-sî tng sî-kiâⁿ ê choân-kiû-hòa ê khoán-sek ê lâng iah thoân-thé in só͘ ēng ê kháu-hō he̍k-chiá-sī chí in ê hêng-tōng.\n\nHoán Lausanne ê Sè-kài Keng-chè Lūn-toâⁿ ê piah-chō (graffiti). Téng-koân siá-kóng: *La croissance est une folie* (\"Sêng-tióng tō sī siáu-kông\").\nChin chē lâng kā \"hoán-choân-kiû-hòa\" tòng-chò 1 ê siā-hoē ūn-tōng, m̄-koh m̄a ū lâng kā khoàⁿ-chò sī kúi-ā-ê bô-siâng ê siā-hoē ūn-tōng. M̄-koán án-choáⁿ, hoán-choân-kiû-hòa ê chham-ú-chiá ū hô-chê teh kap toā khì-gia̍p ê chèng-tī sè-le̍k tùi-tu, chiah-ê toā khì-gia̍p ê sè-le̍k tiàm bō͘-e̍k tiâu-iok kap chē-chē só͘-chāi lóng koan-chhat ē-tio̍h, hoán-choân-kiû-hòa-chiá piáu-sī chiah-ê kiâⁿ-pàng kap hiān-siōng ū sńg-tn̄g khoân-kéng, lô-kang koân-lī, kok-ka chú-koân, kap Tē-saⁿ Sè-kài téng-téng.\n\nToā-to-sò͘ hō͘ lâng kiò-chò \"hoán-choân-kiû-hòa\" ê jîn-sū khah kah-ì lâng chheng-ho͘ in sī **Choân-kiû Chèng-gī Ūn-tōng** ê sêng-oân, tī Italia khah chia̍p kóng-chò ūn-tōng ê ūn-tōng (movimento dei movimenti), nā tī Hoat-kok sī tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kiò-chò kái-piàn chông-kiû-hòa (l'altermondialisme), chit-ê ūn-tōng ū chē-chē hō-miâ.\n\nTaⁿ lán só͘ chai ê chiah-ê thoân-thé iah kò-jîn sī tī 20 sè-kí boé-kî hoat-tián chò \"hoán-choân-kiû-hoà ūn-tōng\"--ê, in tùi-ke̍h khì-gia̍p hoa̍t-tōng kap Hoat-tián Kok-ka (developing nations) chhui-sak ê chū-iû bō͘-e̍k só͘ kiám-chhái ē chō-sêng ê choân-kiû-hòa.\n\nPa̍t-ê bāng-chām\n----------------\n\n* The Scorecard on Development: 25 Years of Diminished Progress (CEPR)\n* About Globalization\n* Center for Economic and Policy Research\n* International Monetary Fund\n* World Bank Group\n* World Economic Forum\n* World Trade Organization\n* Wobblies\n* Economic Globalization and the Environment\n* Smygo Hui-thóng-tī-chú-gī-chiá kap Hêng-tōng-chiá ê Sin-bûn kap Koan-tiámNews & views for anarchists & activists\n* Corporatewatch\n* History of the G8 - Eng-kok chèng-hú ê bāng-chām\n* YaleGlobal Online - Yale Tiong-sim ūi-tio̍h Choân-kiû-hòa gián-kiù chò--ê soàⁿ-téng chu-liāu chām\n* New World Disorder - Éire Kok-ka Hòng-sàng Tiān-tāi (RTÉ) só͘ chò ê siāu-kài bāng-chām.\n* \"The ABCs of the Global Economy\" chhut-chhù: Dollars & Sense Magazine","meta":{"title":"Hoán-choân-kiû-hòa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[648,2080,0.31153846153846154],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2432}} -{"text":"\n\n***Railroad Tycoon*** sī 1 ê keng-chè bô·-gí kap chhek-lia̍k ê iû-hì. Ū 3 ê pán-pún: thâu-seng ê *Railroad Tycoon* (1990 nî), *Railroad Tycoon II* (1998 nî), kap *Railroad Tycoon 3* (2003 nî). Railroad Tycoon chū-té sī iû-hì siat-kè-chiá (*game designer*) Sid Meier só· siá, MicroProse só· hoat-hêng, ah sui-bóng ū \"Tycoon\" chit-ê suffix, i kah RollerCoaster Tycoon kap Transport Tycoon chia-ê iû-hì oân-choân bô tī-tāi, in sī Eng-kok tn̂g-sek siat-kè-chiá Chris Sawyer só· hoat-tián--ê.\n\nBo̍k-tek\n--------\n\nIû-hì ê bo̍k-tek sī chhòng-pān kap koán-lí 1 keng thih-lō· kong-sī, pau-koah pho·-siat thih-ki-lō·, khí-chō hóe-chhia-thâu, kap bé hóe-chhia chham an-pâi chhia-pang. Chit-ê iû-hì bô·-gí hòe-kiāⁿ kap lú-kheh ê kèng-su, koh-ū bî-hêng ê kó·-phiò-chhī-tiûⁿ ē-sái bé-bē ka-tī kap tùi-chhiú kong-sī ê kó·-phiò\n\nRailroad Tycoon\n---------------\n\nThâu-khí-seng pán-pún thê-kiong chhit-thô-chiá ē-bīn chit kúi-ê tē-khu soán-tek kui kong-sī: Bí-kok se-pō·, kap tiong-se-pō· he̍k tang-pak-pō·, Eng-kok (tī khah-sè ê chhioh-tō· iáu-ū Eng-kok ê lâm-pō·), kap Au-chiu. \n\nChhit-thô ê lâng tam-jīm kong-sī ê keng-lí, ài po·-siat thih-ki-lō·, khí-chō hóe-chhia-thâu, kò·-bé hóe-chhia kap an-pâi chhia-pang, ah nā siūⁿ-beh ka-tī chí-hui hóe-chhia ūn-choán kap khí gia̍h-gōa ê kang-tiûⁿ mā ē-sái. Iû-hì lāi-té mā ū kî-thaⁿ ê thih-lō· kong-sī thàu-kòe kó·-phiò bé-bē kap \"Rate Wars\" lâi cheng-toat kong-sī ê keng-êng-koân \n\nIû-hì tú-khai-sí, chhit-thô-chiá ū chu-pún chi̍t-pah-bān (chi̍t-pòaⁿ sī kó·-piò, chi̍t-pòaⁿ sī tāi-khóaⁿ). Chhit-thô-chiá ē-sái hoat-hêng chài-koàn lâi cheng-ka hiān-kim, lī-lu̍t àn-chiàu iû-hì lāi-té bô-kâng sî-kî ê keng-chè kéng-khì jî-tēng. Tī Bí-kok se-pō· hit-ê iû-hì tiûⁿ-kéng, thâu-chi̍t-ê kā thih-lō· ùi Mississippi liâm kàu se-hōaⁿ ê lâng ē tit-tio̍h chi̍t-pah-bān ê siúⁿ-kim. \n\nIû-hì lāi-té ê hóe-chhia-thâu ū 4 chióng koh-iūⁿ kiàn-tiok: Sìn-hō-thá (*Signal Tower*), Sió-chām (*Depot*), Tōa-chām (*Station*), kap thih-lō· chóng-chām (*Railroad terminal*). Sìn-hō-thá thoân-sàng hóe-chhia thong-kòe ê sìn-hō, ē-sái khòng-chè hóe-chhia ê ūn-choán. Tû-liáu sìn-hō-thá, kî-thaⁿ ê chhia-thâu ho̍k-bū hū-kīn ê tē-khu; sió-chām ho̍k-bū ka-tī hit-ê square kap piⁿ-á 8 ê square (1 lìn), chóng-kiōng 9 ê square; tōa-chām ê ho̍k-bū hoān-ûi koh ke 1 lìn; ah chóng-chām ho̍k-bū tiong-hng hit-khu kap 3 lìn ê khu-he̍k. Chhit-thô-chiá siāng-chē ē-sái khí 32 ê chhia-thâu. Khí tē-1-ê chhia-thâu ê sî, mā khí tē-1-ê ên-jín pó-iúⁿ-tiûⁿ. Ta̍k keng pó-īúⁿ-chhiúⁿ ia̍h-sī chhit-thô-chiá koh-iūⁿ hóe-chhia-kiàⁿ ê seng-sán kang-tiûⁿ. Chhit-thô-chiá ē-sái kā chhia-thâu seng-kip he̍k kàng-kip. Kî-thaⁿ ê siat-si hó-pí léng-chông-khò·, kap hō·-thé-luh mā ē-sái cheng-ka. \n\nChhit-thô-chiá kā chhia-thâu khí hó-sè liáu-āu, ē-sái tī jīn-hô 1 keng iên-jín-kang-chhiûⁿ tá-chō hóe-chhia-bú, koh ka-siōng hóe-chhia-kiàⁿ, jiân-āu kā phài-chhut-khì ūn-choán. Chhit-thô-chiá ē-sái sûi-sî kái-piàn hóe-chhia tī bô-kâng chhia-thâu beh thoa ê hóe-chhia-kiàⁿ lia̍t-toaⁿ. Chia-ê hóe-chhia-kiàⁿ lia̍t-toaⁿ pau-koah sàng-phoe ê iū-piān-chhia, chài-lâng ê kheh-chhia, kap tek-pia̍t ê hòe-kiāⁿ chhia-siuⁿ. Hòe-kiāⁿ chhia-siuⁿ ū 9 chióng, hun-pia̍t ūn-sàng koh-iūⁿ lông-sán he̍k khòng-sán. \n\nPhoe-sìn nā kín sang kàu-ūi, siu-ji̍p khah-chē. Kî-thaⁿ ê hòe-kiāⁿ nā jú-kín sang mā-sī than jú-chē, m̄-koh nā-sī hoè chài móa-móa ê sî, chit-ê hāu-kó tio̍h khah-chió, thong-siông chài-móa chiah khui-chhia chhut-hoat, án-ne khah-hó.\n\nPō·-siat thih-lō· ê sî, hóe-chhai ê sok-tō· sī khó-lū ê tiōng-tiám. Ká-sú thih-lō· ti̍t-ti̍t khui-kòe 1 lia̍p soaⁿ, sui-bóng kī-lî siāng-kīn, sok-tō· soah bān-tu-tu, án-ne m̄-sī siāng keng-chè ê hoat-tō·; èng-kai ài tī pêⁿ-tē pôaⁿ-seh, he̍k kai-chîⁿ ó· pōng-khang chiah-tio̍h. Sio-siâng ê khó-lū sī tō·-chûn ê èng-iōng, i sui-jiân khah-kùi khah-bān, m̄-koh tī bó·-mi̍h-á chêng-hêng hā, ē-sái sok-té kī-lî, án-ne tiān-tó khah keng-chè. \n\nPēng-m̄-sī ta̍k-ê chhia-thâu lóng-ē bé ta̍k-hāng ūn-sàng kàu hia ê hòe-kiāⁿ. Ū-ê hòe-kiāⁿ seng-sán-chiá bô su-iàu jīn-hô goân-liāu. Ū 2 chióng bô·-sek chhit-thô-chiá ē-sái soán-tek: Kán-tan Keng-chè (hó-pí, 1 ê chhia-thâu nā ho̍k-bū 2 ê siâⁿ-chhī í-siōng, án-ne i tio̍h ē bé só·-ū ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ) kap Ho̍p-cha̍p Keng-chè (1 ê chhia-thâu nā ho̍k-bū 2 ê siâⁿ-chhī, kan-taⁿ ē bé iû-piān, lú-kheh, chi̍t-kóa-á hòe-kiāⁿ; ho̍k-bū 4 ê chng-thâu ê chhia-thâu ē bé lú-kheh, kap bô-kâng ê hòe-kiāⁿ; ū thih-kang-tiûⁿ ê chhia-thâu chiah-ē bé mûi-thòaⁿ; kî-thaⁿ ê sán-phín ū koh-chū ê kò·-kheh bé-chú). Sì ê tē-khu tiûⁿ-he̍k ū koh-iūⁿ ê sán-phín chióng-lūi.","meta":{"title":"Railroad Tycoon","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,4475,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5163}} -{"text":"Tân La̍k-sàiTân La̍k-sài\n**Tân La̍k-sài** (陳六使/Tan Lark Sye, 1896 ~ 1972), Hok-kiàn Ē-mn̂g Chi̍p-bí (廈門集美) lâng. Chāi-seⁿ ê sî, sī Hoan-pêng Sin-Má tē-khu chhiū-leng hâng-gia̍p ê koan-ui jîn-bu̍t, tōa seng-lí-lâng.\n\nGín-á sî-tāi\n------------\n\nTân La̍k-sái chhut-sì tī Ē-mn̂g Chi̍p-bí-hiong ê 1-ê lông-bîn ka-têng. Sè-hàn ê sî, sī-tōa-lâng khò chò-chhân kah thó-hâi lia̍h-hî chhī 1-ke-kháu-á lâng. Tân La̍k-sài lóng-chóng ū 7-ê hiaⁿ-tī-á, i pâi tē-6, sī-tōa-lâng chôaⁿ kā hō-miâ **La̍k-sài**. \n\n1902 nî hit-1-nî, La̍k-sái tú-tú chiah 5-hōe, i-ê pē-bú to̍h in-ūi chhiau-lô kòe-tō·, soah lâi siang-siang tī tāng-pīⁿ, kèng-jiân koh tī kāng-i-kang chò-hóe lī-khui jîn-sè-kan. Sè-hàn ê sî, sī a-hiaⁿ mê-sài-la̍k-jiō, chhiâⁿ-ióng La̍k-sài. Hit-sî La̍k-sài koh bat tiàm Tân Kah-kiⁿ chhòng-pān ê **Chi̍p-bí O̍h-tn̂g** tha̍k-kòe chu. āu--lâi, saⁿ-hiaⁿ **Tân Bûn-khak** kah sì-hiaⁿ **Tân Kho-táu** tit-tio̍h chhin-chiâⁿ ê pang-chān, tāi-seng kòe-hoan khì Hoan-pêng thàn-chia̍h.\n\nKòe-hoan phah-piàⁿ\n------------------\n\nSe-gôan 1916 nî, Tân La̍k-sái tī hiaⁿ-ko ê khan-sêng chi-hā mā kòe-hoan lâi-kàu Má-lâi-a, hit-sî i tiàm a-chek Tân Kah-kiⁿ khui--ê **Khiam-ek Chhiūⁿ-ni Kong-si** ē-kha ê 1-keng chhiūⁿ-nî-hn̂g chòe-sit. Mā-sī in-ūi La̍k-sài ū tha̍k-kòe chheh, ke-chió ū 1-kóa-á bûn-hòa tì-sek, koh ka-siōng i chòe tāi-chì tiám-tîn, kut-la̍t koh súi-khūi, chin-kín i to̍h tit-tio̍h Tân Kah-kiⁿ ê khòaⁿ-tiōng, chôaⁿ phài-i khì Sin-ka-pho ê 1-keng chhiūⁿ-leng chhiúⁿ tàu kóan-lí. \n\nTân La̍k-sái lóng-chóng tī **Khiam-ek Kong-si** than-chia̍h 9-nî. 9-nî tiong-kan, i thiat-té liáu-kái kah se̍k-sāi tio̍h Tn̂g-lâng siā-hōe hām kang-siong-gia̍p, m̄-nā o̍h-tio̍h chin-chōe kang-chhiúⁿ khì-gia̍p ê kóan-lí keng-giām, kang-chok châi-lêng mā tit-tio̍h chho·-pō· hoat-hui. I khai-sí kah kang-siong-kài ê seng-lí-lâng chhú-tit liân-hē, ūi ji̍t-āu kā-kī chhut-lâi khui kong-si phah ki-chhó·. \n\n1923 nî, Tân La̍k-sái in hiaⁿ-tì-á kā-tī ha̍p-chu khui tē-it keng chhiūⁿ-ni kong-si, miâ hō·-chòe **Liân-hô**, koh kòe bô-lōa-kú, La̍k-sài sî-khì Tân Kah-kiⁿ hit-pêng ê thâu-lō·, choan-tê tò-lâi kah hiaⁿ-tī tàu keng-iâⁿ. 1924 nî, in hiaⁿ-tī-á iū-koh khui liáu tē-jī keng chhiūⁿ-leng kong-si, ah ūi-tio̍h beh kám-siā tong-chhoe-sî Tân Kah-kiⁿ ê chai-phôe, La̍k-sài choaⁿ kā sin kong-si ê miâ hō·-chòe **Ek-hô**, chhin-sin tam-jīm chóng-keng-lí. Sui-jiân kong-si ê keng-iâⁿ ū-sî ē tú-tio̍h 1-kóa-á khùn-lân, chóng--sī ē-tàng sūn-lī hòa-kái. Kàu-kah 20 sè-kí ê tiong-āu-kî, **Ek-hô kong-si** í-keng chiâⁿ-chòe Sin-Má tē-khu chhiū-ni-kài chiok chhut-miâ ê khì-gia̍p--ah. \n\n1938 nî liáu-āu, Tân La̍k-sái chiong kong-si gia̍p-bū thok-tián kàu Má-lâi-se-a, Ìn-nî, Thài-kok kah Oa̍t-lâm chià-ê só·-chāi. Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn kî-kan, Ji̍t-pún chhim-lio̍k ê éng-hiáng, hō· La̍k-sái ê khì-gia̍p siū-tio̍h chin tōa ê sún-sit, chiàn-cheng soah liáu-āu, iū-koh hoe-ho̍k hoat-tián. Chhú-khì, Tân La̍k-sài ê seng-lí ná chòe ná tōa, sia̍p-ki̍p ê hâng-gia̍p pau-koat **chhiūⁿ-leng, pó-hiám, âng-mô·-hoe (hoan-á-hoe /水泥) chè-chō, chō-chóa, kim-iông-gia̍p** téng-téng. Ah i siōng chú-iàu ê **Ek-hô Kong-si** kah Lí Kong-chiân hōaⁿ-ke ê **Lâm-ek Kong-si** ma chiâⁿ-chòe hit-chūn-sî Sin-Má tē-khu chhiū-leng-kài siōng-kài pâi-chí ê tōa khì-gia̍p, i ko-jîn mā chiâⁿ-chòe Tang-lâm-a tú-miâ ê khì-gia̍p-ka.\n\nHû-tî kàu-io̍k sū-gia̍p\n-----------------------\n\n1950 nî, Tân Kah-kiⁿ tò-tńg-khì Tiong-kok liáu-āu, Tân La̍k-sài chiap-jīm Hokkien Hōe-kóan chú-se̍k ê chit-bū. Sio-siâng tī chit-nî, La̍k-sài hông thui-sóan chòe **Tiong-hôa Chóng-siong-hōe** hōe-tiúⁿ. \n\nTân La̍k-sái kè-sêng Kah-kiⁿ sian-siⁿ ê chok-hong, i chin-sim î-hō͘ Tiong-hôa Bûn-hòa, thôan-kiat Tn̂g-lâng, hû-tî ( Tn̂g-lâng ) siā-hōe hok-lī sū-gia̍p kah kàu-io̍k sū-gia̍p. Tân La̍k-sài chit-sì-lâng tùi hoat-tián Tn̂g-lâng bûn-kàu sū-gia̍p siōng tu̍t-chhut ê kòng-hiàn to̍h-sī kiàn-siat Lâm-iûⁿ Tāi-ha̍k, che sī Tang-lâm-a, mā-sī Hái-gōa tē-it-keng ê **Hôa-bûn** tāi-ha̍k.","meta":{"title":"Tân La̍k-sài","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,3755,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4414}} -{"text":"***Khu-pia̍t-ia̍h:** Ū kúi-nā-ê lâng hō͘-chò Tân Lûi*\n**Tân Lûi** (陳雷, pún-miâ **Gô͘ Kéng-jū** 吳景裕, 1939 nî chhut-sì, Tâi-lâm-koān Moâ-tāu), Tâi-oân Hō-ló-oē ê chok-ka. I ê sió-soat, hì-kio̍k te̍k-pia̍t chhut-miâ.\n\nTân Lûi tī Tâi-lâm-chhī toā-hàn. 1964 nî tùi Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k i-kho pit-gia̍p. Seng khì Bí-kok si̍t-si̍p, liáu-āu tī Kha-ná-tah tha̍k-chheh, the̍h-tio̍h bián-e̍k-ha̍k phok-sū ha̍k-ūi. 1973 nî khai-sí tī Ontario chò khai-gia̍p-i.\n\nI tāi-ha̍k sî-tāi khai-sí siá Tiong-bûn ê si kap sàn-bûn. 1985 nî liáu-āu chiah khai-sí hoat-piáu Hō-ló-oē ê bûn-ha̍k chok-phín. \"Bí-lē ê Chiuⁿ-nó·-nâ\" (1986) sī i ê tē-1-phiⁿ té-phiⁿ sió-soat.\n\nI ê bûn-ha̍k chok-phín chha-put-to lóng iōng hàn-lô ê siá-hoat hoat-piáu. *Tâi-bûn Thong-sìn* sī i chú-iàu ê hoat-piáu hn̂g-tē.\n\nTù-chok\n-------\n\n* *Éng-oán ê Kò͘-hiong* (1994)\n* *Tân Lûi Tâi-gí Bûn-ha̍k Soán* (1995)\n* *Tân Lûi Hì-kio̍k Soán-chi̍p* (1996)\n* *Hiong-sú Pó͘-kì* (2008)","meta":{"title":"Tân Lûi (chok-ka)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[118,872,0.1353211009174312],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1044}} -{"text":"\n***K-On!*** (けいおん!, Hùn-lēng-sek: Keion!) a̍h **Kheng-im-pō͘** (輕音部) sī 1 pō͘ Ji̍p-pún--ê sì-keh bàng-gah. Iû Kakifly chòng-chò. Āu-lâi hō kái-chò kâng-miâ--ê tōng-oē.\n\nKio̍k-chêng\n-----------\n\nJîn-but Kài-siāu\n----------------\n\n### Pàng-khò-āu (放課後) Tea Time\n\nPêng-te̍k Uî (平沢 唯 (ひらさわ ゆい) Hirasawa Yui)\nThian-tho̍h ê cha-bó͘-gin-a, tī ga̍k-thuân lāi tuâⁿ gì-tah. Tha̍k-chheh kap ūn-tōng lóng bô chin gâu, ga̍k-khì ián-chàu mā sī oân-choân ê chho͘-ha̍k-chiá, m̄-kuh soah ì-goā hoat-hui chhut-chiòng ê chiah ē, ū choa̍t-tùi-im-kám. I kā ka-kī ê gì-tah kiò-chò 'Gì-thài'.\nChhiu-soaⁿ Lêng (秋山 澪 (あきやま みお) Akiyama Mio)\nŪ lâu kàu io ê tn̂g thau-mn̂g. Jîn-khì chiâⁿ koân. Kheng-im-pō͘ ê tiān-poè-su(bass)-siú, mā sī chú-chhiùⁿ. Piáu-bīn chin ta-tiú, kong-khò mā bē-bái, tān sèng-keh chin pì-sù, chin kiaⁿ khióng-pò͘ ê kò͘-sū kap oē-tê. Tam-jīm choh sû. Sī chi̍t-ê tò-chhiú-koái.\nTiân-chéⁿ-tiong Lu̍t (田井中 律 (たいなか りつ) Tainaka Ritu)\nKheng-im-pō͘ ê siā-tiúⁿ kap kó͘ chhiú. Thâu téng koà tioh hoat-kho͘. Ū tām-po̍h cha-po͘-sèng ê cha-bó͘-gín-á.\nKhîm-chhoe Tiû (琴吹 紬 (ことぶき つむぎ) Kotobuki Tumugi)\nBa̍k-bâi chiâⁿ chho͘. Kheng-im-pō͘ ê khí-poâⁿ chhiú. Pún-lâi sī siūⁿ-beh ka-ji̍p ha̍p-chhiùⁿ-thoân, tān hō Lu̍t giù ji̍p Kheng-im-pō͘.\nTiong-iá Chú (中野 梓 (なかの あずさ) Nakano Azusa)\nKo͘-chi̍t-ê āu-poè. Sèng-keh jīn-chin, chóng-sī kám-kak siā-thoân ê ha̍k-chiá siuⁿ nńg-si.\n### Wakaba Girls\n\nTiong-iá Chú (中野梓)\nPêng-te̍k Iu (平沢憂)\nLêng-bo̍k Sûn (鈴木 純 (すずき じゅん), Suzuki Zyûn)\nChê-têng Kín (斉藤 菫 (さいとう すみれ), Saitô Sumire)\nÒ-tiân Ti̍t(奥田 直 (おくだ なお), Okuda Nao)\n\nBàng-gah\n--------\n\nJi̍t-gí pán iû Hong-bûn-siā chhut-pán, tī Tâi-oân kap Hiang-káng sī Chiam-toan Chhut-pán tāi-lí.\n\nTiān-sī Tōng-oē\n---------------\n\nTē 1 kî tī 2009 nî 9 goe̍h khai-sí hòng-sàng, tē 2 kî tī 2010 nî 4 goe̍h khai-sí hòng-sàng. Lóng sī chhim-iā tōng-oē. Iû Kiaⁿ-to͘ Tōng-ōe chè-chok.\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Ji̍t-gí: わかばガールズ，Hoan-e̍k: Jio̍k-hio̍h (若葉, chíⁿ-hio̍h) Siàu-lú","meta":{"title":"K-On!","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[80,1785,0.04481792717086835],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2268}} -{"text":"\n***Seqalu***（Paiwan-gí: Seqalu, Eng-gí: *Seqalu: Formosa 1867*）sī 2021 nî ê Kong-sī tiān-sī-kio̍k. Kái-pian chū siáu-soat *Ka-lé Hoe*, kio̍k-miâ goân-chū bat chûn-chāi tī Tâi-oân pún-tó Lông-kiau tē-khu（Hêng-chhun it-tài）ê chèng-koân——Suh-ka-lò͘（Lông-kiau cha̍p-peh siā）. Iû Ngô͘ Khong-jîn, Un Cheng-lêng, Camake Valaule, Masiswagger Zingrur, Fabio Julien Victor Grangeon, N̂g Kiān-úi, Chiu Kāu-an, N̂g Oán, Lûi Hông, Hē Chēng-têng, Û Tiok-jû, Tiuⁿ Úi-phâng, Koeh Chí-ûn, Tiâⁿ Í-ngá téng ián-chhut. Tī 2021 nî 8 ge̍h 14 hō khí tī Kong-sī chú-pîn ta̍k pài-la̍k àm-sî 21-23 tiám siú-pò͘, LINE TV ta̍k pài-la̍k àm-sî 22 tiám pò͘-chhut, ta̍k lé-pài àm-sî 18 tiám tī myVideo kap Netflix chiūⁿ-kè sin-ê chi̍p-sò͘.\n\nChè-chok\n--------\n\n### Soan-pò͘ kái-pian\n\n2017 nî 9 ge̍h, Kong-kiōng Tiān-sī soan-pò͘ beh kái-pian *Ka-lé Hoe*, kā chok-phín í Tāi-hô kio̍k ê hêng-sek chè-chok chò 12 chip ê tiān-sī liân-sio̍k-kio̍k, tī Chiân-chiam Ki-chhó Kiàn-siat Kè-ōe ê pó͘-chō͘ chi-hā, í múi chi̍p iok sin-Tâi-phiò 1550 bān, chóng-kiōng khai-liáu 1.55 ek ê ū-soàn chè-chok *Ka-lé Hoe*, che-sī Kong-sī chiat-bo̍k chè-chok chiau-pio chhái-kò͘ àn-sú siōng hán-tit khòaⁿ-tio̍h ê koân-gia̍h. Tâi-oân Kong-kóng chi̍p-thoân táng-sū-tiúⁿ, Tân Hiok-siù tn̂g-kî koan-chhat Ji̍t-pún ê Tāi-hô-kio̍k koh in-chhú chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ liáu-kái Ji̍t-pún ê le̍k-sú, khiok hoat-hiān ka-kī hoán-tńg tùi Tâi-oân le̍k-sú bô-kàu liáu-kái, só͘-í i siūⁿ-beh thàu-kòe chè-chok Tāi-hô-kio̍k hō͘ koan-chiòng koh-khah liáu-kái Tâi-oân. I jīn-ûi Kong-kiōng Tiān-sī ê chōe-chōe chiat-bo̍k sui-bóng ū ka-kī ê te̍k-sek, khiok-sī khiàm-khoeh liân-koàn-sèng, i hi-bāng ē-tàng chéng-ha̍p Kong-sī ê chiat-bo̍k, koh jīn-ûi tī HBO ASIA ha̍p-chok chè-chok ê《Thong-lêng Siàu-lú》siū-tio̍h kok-chè hó-phêng í-āu ē-sái chhiok-chìn Tâi-oân gia̍p-kài ê tâu-chu , kā Tâi-oân sak-ǹg kok-chè, *Ka-lé Hoe* tō-sī chi̍t-pō͘ kàu-gia̍h tāi-piáu Tâi-oân cheng-sîn koh ē-tàng thui-hiòng kok-chè bú-tâi ê Tāi-hô-kio̍k, i koh hióng Bûn-hòa-pō͘ chhéng-bēng, ǹg-bāng ta̍k-nî lóng ē-tàng thui-chhut chi̍t-pō͘ kî-lām kip ê le̍k-sú kio̍k. Tân Hiok-siù chí-chhut《Ka-lé Hoe》ê chè-chok kui-bô͘ chêng-só͘-bī-iú, jî-chhiáⁿ ē chin khùn-lân, in-ūi chok-phín tiong m̄-nā pau-hâm kok cho̍k-kûn kap chōe-chōe tiûⁿ-kéng, koh-ū hái-chiàn tiûⁿ-bīn, tek-khak ē liáu tōa-liōng ū-soàn kap sim-sîn tī chêng-tì chok-gia̍p téng-bīn, pit-su ài ū tōa-bô͘ ê chu-kim chi-oân, ài ū téng-chin ê sú-liāu hun-sek kap tùi tiûⁿ-kéng, ho̍k-chong kap gí-giân ê khó-kiù, m̄-koh chit-kóa tóng-àn, ho̍k-chong, tō-kū kap tiûⁿ-kéng lóng-sī teh ūi Tâi-oân ê iáⁿ-sī sán-gia̍p phah ki-chhó͘, ē-tàng thê-kiong bī-lâi kè-siok sú-iōng. Kong-sī chiat-bo̍k-pō͘ keng-lí Î Pôe-hôa piáu-sī Kong-sī chū 2016 nî khí tō ū chè-chok sî-tāi le̍k-sú-kio̍k ê kui-ōe, kî-bāng thàu-kòe le̍k-sú-kio̍k tê-châi kóng Tâi-oân ê kò͘-sū, pēng-chhiáⁿ í hì-kio̍k hêng-sek ín-khí siā-hōe tāi-chiòng tùi le̍k-sú ê hoán-su. Chóng-sī《Ka-lé Hoe》sī Kong-sī le̍k-sú-kio̍k hē-lia̍t ê khí-tiám, bī-lâi Kong-sī beh kiàn-li̍p koh-khah chōe tī bô-kâng nî-tāi tiong hoat-seng tī Tâi-oân chit-tè thó͘-tē ê kò͘-sū. Tùi ka-kī ê chok-phín teh-beh hông kái-pian, Tân Iāu-chhiong tî-liáu ǹg-bāng ta̍k-ke tī khòaⁿ-kè tiān-sī-kio̍k liáu-āu ē-tàng hôe-thâu thak goân-chok, iā piáu-sī bô khòa-ì siu-kái goân-chok tiong ê pian-pâi，chí-iàu le̍k-sú sî-tāi ê cheng-chhóe hông liû-chûn lo̍h--lâi, pēng-chhiáⁿ ē-tàng chhiok-chìn koan-chiòng kèng-ka chiap-kīn le̍k-sú tō ē-sái.\n\n### Hì-miâ Cheng-gī\n\n\"Ka-lé Hoe\"(魁儡花) sī chá-kî Kheh-ka Tâi-oân-lâng khî-sī goân-chū-bîn ê iōng-sû，in-chhú ín-hoat cheng-gī. Thàu-kòe bāng-lō͘ phiò-soán, hì-miâ kài-chòe *Suh-ka-lò͘*.\n\n### Tēng-ūi\n\nChô Sūi-goân thàu-lō͘ ka-kī hip chit-chhut hìj siōng khí-thâu ê tōng-le̍k, sī siūⁿ-beh hip hō͘ gōa-kok-lâng o-ló chòe「Formosa」ê Tâi-oân, hip-chhut *Tâi-oân Thong-sú* biâu-su̍t ê \"pô-so chi iûⁿ, bí-lē chi tó\", koh piáu-sī chè-chok thoân-tūi ē iōng kèng-khiân kap kám-kek lâi têng-hiān chit-ê kò͘-sū. I piáu-sī kòe-khì chip-tō《Ge̍k-chú》ê sî bat siū chit-gî sèng kheng-hiòng, tī chip-tō *Chi̍t Pé Chheng* ê sî iā-ū lâng chit-gî i teh bí-hòa Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng, in-ūi Tâi-oân kok cho̍k-kûn ê kè-ta̍t-koan kap le̍k-sú-koan tng-leh iông-ha̍p kai-tōaⁿ, in-chhú Chô Sūi-goân ū-liāu *Ka-lé Hoe*oân-sêng liáu-āu, pit-tēng ē siū-tio̍h chit-gî, m̄-koh kio̍k-cho͘ iû-goân ē chhì-khòaⁿ beh tián-hiān Tâi-oân cho̍k-kûn tī tng-sî ê kok-chè kà-kò͘ chi-hā só͘ khiā ê ūi-tì. Chô Sūi-goân jīn-ûi Lô-hoat-hō Sū-kiāⁿ sī Tâi-oân thâu-chi̍t-pái phû-hiān tī sè-kài pán-tô͘ téng, m̄-sī kan-ta sio̍k-tī Tâi-oân、khiok-sī ē-tàng thui-hiòng sè-kài ê hó tê-châi. I lia̍h Tiong-kok chè-chok、í Ji̍t-pún sî-kî ê Tâi-oân ûi tê ê《Tâi-oân Óng-sū》chò lē, jīn-ûi Tiong-kok khai chia-nî-á tōa ê chu-goân chhoan-sek Tâi-oân ê le̍k-sú, sui-bóng *Ka-lé Hoe* hō͘ gia̍p-kài khòaⁿ-chò chi̍t-ê tōa-khiⁿ, m̄-koh Tâi-oân-lâng lóng tī chit-ê khiⁿ lāi-té, siáⁿ iā bô-hoat-tō͘ cháu-siám. Chô Sūi-goân jīn-ûi *Ka-lé Hoe* tī Tâi-oân iáⁿ-sī sán-gia̍p ê tiōng-iàu-sèng ē-kham-tit pí-phēng Dunkirk Chiàn-e̍k, koh jīn-ûi Tiong-kok 「kā Bîn-chín-tóng chi-chhî--ê lóng khòaⁿ-chò sī Tâi-to̍k sī chi̍t-chióng chin-e̍h ê koan-tiám.\n\nPian-kio̍k Si Jû-hong piáu-sī, *Ka-lé Hoe* ê kio̍k-pún hui-siông oh siá, chóng-sī in-ūi án-ne, i hi-bāng ē-tàng thàn-ki-hōe chèng-bêng Tâi-oân ū lêng-le̍k chè-chok chhut keh-kio̍k hông-tāi ê chok-phín.\n\n### Chhú-kéng\n\nJi̍t-pún sî-kî ê Hōaⁿ-lāi thn̂g-chhiúⁿ\nŪi-tio̍h beh tiong-si̍t têng-hiān le̍k-sú, kio̍k-cho͘ pàng-sak tī Tâi-oân pak-pō͘ tah-kéng, chóng-sī bô sioh pún-chîⁿ lâi cheng-ka keng-hùi kàu Pîn-tong si̍t-tē chhú-kéng, Pîn-tong Koān-chèng-hú piáu-sī, 《Ka-lé Hoe》ē í Pîn-tong-koān chò chú-iàu tiûⁿ-kéng, koh chīn-le̍k hō͘ tiûⁿ-kéng tī soah-hì liáu-āu hông pó-liû, ǹg-bāng í chit-chhut sú-si téng-kip ê tōa chok-phín thê-seng Pîn-tong ê kok-chè ti-miâ-tō͘ kap koan-kong kè-ta̍t, ji̍t-āu iā ē-tàng chò kî-thaⁿ kio̍k-cho͘ chhú-kéng ê tiûⁿ-só͘.\n\nTî-liáu tī Pîn-tong chhú-kéng, Tâi-lâm Chhī-chèng-hú iā cheng-chhu tio̍h Chiân-chiam Ki-chhó͘ Kiàn-siat Kè-ōe keng-hùi, kā ùi 1994 nî thêng-sán liáu-āu êng-êng khǹg-teh 24 tang ê Kiâm-chúi-khu Hōaⁿ-lāi Thn̂g-chhiúⁿ kái-kiàn chò iáⁿ-sī hn̂g-khu, kî-tiong chi̍t-pō͘-hūn beh chò《Ka-lé Hoe》phah-hì sî só͘ su-iàu ê ke-kéng. 2018 nî 11 ge̍h 7 hō, Bûn-hòa-pō͘, Tâi-lâm Chhī-chèng-hú, Tâi-oân Thn̂g-gia̍p Kong-si kap《Ka-lé Hoe》kio̍k-cho͘ chòe-hé chhut-se̍k, ùi tah-kéng khai-kang tián-lé chián-chhái. Kan-ta sī tah tiûⁿ-kéng ê pō͘-hūn, tō khai-liáu chóng-ū-soàn ê saⁿ-hūn-chi̍t, tī iáⁿ-sī hn̂g-khu hip ê tiûⁿ-kéng pau-koat Tâi-oân-hú-siâⁿ kap Hàn-jîn chū-lo̍h, kio̍k-cho͘ tek-pia̍t ǹg Sêng-kong Tāi-ha̍k Kiàn-tiok hē-só͘ chhèng-kàu, kî-thāi hoân-goân tong-sî kéng-siōng.\n\n### Soah-hì\n\n2020 nî 1 ge̍h, *Ka-lé Hoe* chèng-sek soah-hì.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n*Kim-cheng-chióng* hì-kio̍k-chiat-bo̍k-chióng |\n| --- |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| 1970 nî-tāi | 1971 Tiong-sī *Chhun-luî* **·** 1972 Tiong-sī *Cheóng-pi̍k-san Siōng* **·** 1973 *Tiong-sī Bān-kó͘-liû-hong* **·** 1974 Tâi-sī *Tâi-sī Kio̍k-tiûⁿ*: *Ngô͘ ài Ngô͘ Su*  **·** 1975 Tiong-sī *Chi̍t-tāi Pō-kun* **·** 1976 Tiong-sī *Tāi-tē Hong-hûn* **·** 1977 Tâi-sī *Bóan-tîng-hong* **·** 1978 Hôa-sī *Muê-hn̂g Chhun-hui* |\n| |\n| 1980 nî-tāi | 1981 Tâi-sī *Tâi-sī kio̍k-tiûⁿ*: *kiú-kiàn--ah A-hiaⁿ* **·** 1982 Hôa-sī *Chhun-bōng* **·** 1983 Tâi-sī *Pa-lê Ki-tiûⁿ* **·** 1984 Tâi-sī *Chheⁿ Chai án Sim* **·** 1985 Tâi-sī *Taⁿ-kang* **·** 1986 Hôa-sī *Hûn ê Hiuⁿ-lí* **·** 1987 Tiong-sī *Tiong-sī Kio̍k-tiûⁿ*: *Pa̍t-cheóng siaⁿ-im* **·** 1988 Tiong-sī *A-pah Gôan-liōng Góa* **·** 1989 Hôa-sī *Kiaⁿ-hôa Ian-hûn* |\n| |\n| 1990 nî-tāi | 1990 Tâi-sī *Chhun khì Chhun iū-koh lâi* **·** 1991 Hôa-sī *Lio̍k Kò Bōng: é-bó͘* **·** 1992 Hôa-sī *Kiaⁿ-siâⁿ Sù Siáu* **·** 1993 Hôa-sī *Su-kiàm-un-siû-lio̍k* **·** 1995 Hôa-sī *Hiaⁿ-tī Ū-iân* **·** 1997 Hôa-sī *Khǹg-sè Sin-pū* **·** 1999 Bîn-sī *Chhun-thiⁿ Āu-bú-sim/Chhun-thiⁿ Pē-bú-sim* |\n| |\n| 2000 nî-tāi | 2000 Kong-sī *Bat* **·** 2001 Tiong-sī *Ngō͘-hó͘-chhàng-liông* **·** 2002 Tāi-ài Tiān-sī *Tāi-ài Kio̍k-tiûⁿ*: *BI YA SU NA Pia̍t-lâi-bû-iāng* **·** 2003 Kong-sī *Gia̍t-chú* **·** 2004 Kong-sī *Hù-iàn* **·** 2005 Bîn-sī *Lōng-tô-soa* **·** 2006 Hôa-sī *Sèng-lêng ê Chheⁿ-kng* **·** 2007 Kong-sī *Guî-hiám Sim-lîng* **·** 2008 Sam-li̍p *Miā-tiong-chù-tiāⁿ Góa Ài Lí* **·** 2009 Kong-sī *Phí-chú Eng-hiông* |\n| |\n| 2010 nî-tāi | 2010 Tāi-ài Tiān-sī *Tāi-ài Kio̍k-tiûⁿ*: *Chêng-gī Go̍eh-kng* **·** 2011 Kheh-ka Tiān-sī *Kheh-ka Kio̍k-tiûⁿ*: *Hûn-téng-thiⁿ Hún Lâm* **·** 2012 Pat-tāi Tiān-sī *Ngó͘ Khó-lêng Put-hōe Ài Lí* **·** 2013 Kong-sī *Hâm-pau-io̍k-tūi ê Múi Chi̍t Thian* **·** 2014 Kong-sī *Chhì-ūi Lâm-hâi* **·** 2015 TVBS *16 kò Hā-thiⁿ* **·** 2016 Kong-sī *Chi̍t Pé Chheng* **·** 2017 Tâi-sī *Thian-hek Chhiáⁿ Pì-gán* **·** 2018 Tâi-sī *Hoa-kah Lâm-hâi Tńg-tōa-lâng* **·** 2019 Kong-sī *Lán kap Ok ê Kū-lî* |\n| |\n| 2020 nî-tāi | 2020 Tiong-si *Sióng Kiàn--lí* **·** 2021 Kong-sī *Thian-kiô siōng ê Mô͘-su̍t-su* **·** 2022 Kong-sī *Seqalu* |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Seqalu (tiān-sī-kio̍k)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2617,9298,0.2814583781458378],"infobox":["
    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    Seqalu
    斯卡羅
    Seqalu: Formosa 1867
    Goân-chhòng\nKa-lé Hoe
    chok-chiá Tân Iāu-chhiong
    Pian-kio̍k\n
    \n\n
    Tō-ián\n
    \n\n
    Chú-ián\n
    \n\n
    Chè-chok kok-ka\n\"\" Tâi-oân
    Gí-giân\n
    \n\n
    Jī-bō͘\nTiong-bûn
    Chi̍p-sò͘\n13-chi̍p
    Tn̂g-tō͘\n
    \n
    • 90-hūn
    \n
    Phìⁿ-bóe-khek\n
    \n\n
    \"風\"
    Chè-chok
    Chè-chok-jîn\n
    \n\n
    Chhut-phín-jîn\n
    \n\n
    Kán-chip\n
    \n\n
    Liap-iáⁿ\n
    \n\n
    Chè-chok kong-si\n
    \n\n
    Hoat-hêng kong-si\nKong-sī
    Pò͘-èng\n
    Siú-pò pîn-tō\nKong-sī
    Sī-sìn keh-sek\nKo-ōe-chit tiān-sī
    Im-sìn keh-sek\nStereo
    Pò-chhut kok-ka\n\"\" Tâi-oân
    Pò-chhut ji̍t-kî\n2021 nî 8 goe̍h 14 ji̍t (2021-08-14)－2021 nî 9 goe̍h 18 ji̍t (2021-09-18)
    "],"td_tables":["
    "],"text_length":10340}} -{"text":"**Choa̍t-si̍t** (絕食), koh kiò **choa̍t-si̍t khòng-gī** (絕食抗議), sī te̍k-pia̍t kóng ūi-tio̍h chèng-tī he̍k-chiá sī kî-thaⁿ bo̍k-tek só͘ chìn-hêng ê hui-po̍k-le̍k tí-khòng he̍k-chiá khòng-gī ê chi̍t chióng hong-sek. Hui khòng-gī sèng-chit ê chū-chú-sèng thêng-chí ím-si̍t it-poaⁿ hō-chò kìm-si̍t.\n\nChoa̍t-si̍t-chiá kong-khai soan-pò͘ tī it-tēng kî-kan lāi thêng-chí chìn-si̍t, chió-sò͘ kang-sî thêng-chí lîm-chúi, sīm-chì kī-choa̍t chēng-me̍h chù-siā. Choa̍t-si̍t khòng-gī ê hāu-kó, ài chhú-koat chāi choa̍t-si̍t-chiá ê miâ-bōng, choa̍t-si̍t sū-kiāⁿ ê kong-khai thêng-tō͘, kong-chiòng tùi choa̍t-si̍t-chiá sò͘-kiû ê chàn-tông thêng-tō͘, pī-khòng-gī-hong ê it-koàn thài-tō͘ kap chêng-sè téng-téng.\n\nChoa̍t-si̍t ē-tàng tì-sú sí-bông, tān-sī choa̍t-si̍t-chiá in-ūi ū bêng-khak ê iau-kiû, eng-kai hām lī-iōng thêng-chí ím-si̍t lâi chū-sat ê chêng-hòng ū khu-pia̍t.","meta":{"title":"Choa̍t-si̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,904,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1018}} -{"text":"Kok-thài Jîn-siū Tōa-lâu\n**Kok-thài Jîn-siū Pó-hiám Kó͘-hūn Iú-hān Kong-si** (國泰人壽保險股份有限公司), káng-chheng **Kok-siū** (國壽), sī chi̍t keng Tâi-oân ê jîn-siū pó-hiám kong-si; chóng-pō͘ siat tī Tâi-pak-chhī Tāi-an-khu. Kok-thài Jîn-siū sī Kok-thài Kim-iông Khòng-kó͘ kî-hā ê chi̍t keng chú-kong-si. 2018 nî Bí-kok *Fortune* cha̍p-chì tiong pâi choân-kiû tē-410 tōa kong-si.\n\nKok-thài Jîn-siū tī 1957 nî 8 goe̍h 15 hō iû Chhòa Bān-chhun kap Chhòa Bān-lîm hiaⁿ-tī nn̄g lâng kiōng-tông chhòng-li̍p, mā sī Lîm-oân Chi̍p-thoân kap chi̍p-thoân kî-hā ê Kok-thài Kim-khòng ê he̍k-sim khì-gia̍p. 1964 nî 11 goe̍h 7 hō, Kok-thài Jîn-siū kó͘-phiò tī Tâi-oân Chèng-koàn Kau-e̍k-só͘ kòa-pâi, kó͘-phiò tāi-hō 2882, sī Tâi-oân tē-it keng kó͘-phiò chiūⁿ-chhī ê pó-hiám kong-si.\n\n2004 nî 12 goe̍h, Kok-thài Jîn-siū kap Tiong-kok Tang-hong Hâng-khong kiōng-tông chhut-chu tī Tiong-kok Siōng-hái siat-li̍p Kok-thài Jîn-siū Pó-hiám Iú-hān Chek-jīm Kong-si (國泰人壽保險有限責任公司). 2005 nî 1 goe̍h 24 hō, Kok-thài Jîn-siū Pó-hiám Iú-hān Chek-jīm Kong-si chèng-sek tùi-gōa siau-siū pó-toaⁿ. 2005 nî 2 goe̍h 24 hō, Kok-thài Jîn-siū Iú-hān Chek-jīm Kong-si tī Siōng-hái Kok-chè Hōe-gī Tiong-sim kí-hêng khai-gia̍p tián-lé. Kok-thài Jîn-siū ùi 2005 nî khai-sí lio̍k-sio̍k tī Tiong-kok ê chú-iàu siâⁿ-chhī siat-tì hun-kong-si kap ho̍k-bū kì-tiám, sī tē-it keng he̍k-chún tī Tiong-kok siat-li̍p hun-kong-si ê Tâi-oân kim-iông kong-si. 2008 nî 7 goe̍h 4 hō, Kok-thài Jîn-siū tī Oa̍t-lâm Ô͘-chì-bêng-chhī to̍k-chu siat-li̍p Oa̍t-lâm Kok-thài Jîn-siū (越南國泰人壽), só͘-tēng tī Oa̍t-lâm tâu-chu ê Tâi-siong kap tong-tē bîn-chiòng ǔi-chú ê siū-hiám chhī-tiûⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Kok-thài Jîn-siū","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1608,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1843}} -{"text":"**Kim Bí-lêng** (金美齡, 1934 nî 2 goe̍h 7 - ), Tâi-oân lâng, Ji̍t-pún chhut-miâ ê chèng-tī phêng-lūn-ka. I tn̂g-kî tī Ji̍t-pún hoán-tùi Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok thé-chè, chò Tâi-to̍k ūn-tōng. Tân Chúi-píⁿ chiū-jīm liáu-āu, phèng i chò Chóng-thóng-hú kok-ka chèng-chhek kò·-būn.\n\nI 1934 nî chhut-sì tī Ji̍t-pún Tè-kok thóng-tī ê Tâi-oân Tâi-pak. Tùi chhī-lāi ê lú-chú ko-kip tiong-ha̍k pit-gia̍p. Chiàn-āu (1959 nî) khì tī Ji̍t-pún Waseda Tāi-ha̍k (早稲田) liû-ha̍k. 1971 nî siu-liáu Waseda ê bûn-ha̍k gián-kiù-kho ê phok-sū khò-thêng. I bat tam-jīm tāi-ha̍k ê káng-su. I chiông-sū Eng-gí kàu-io̍k iok-lio̍k 20 tang, kàu-kah 1996 nî 3-goe̍h ûi-chí.\n\nI tn̂g-kî lâu tī Ji̍t-pún; 1980 nî-tāi Tâi-oân lōe-pō· chèng-tī khoân-kéng khai-hòng liáu-āu chiah ū tńg--khì. I chi-chhî bîn-chú ūn-tōng, tī 1963 nî tī Waseda cho· ha̍k-seng īⁿ-gī thoân-thé Tâi-oân Tiū-mn̂g Hōe (台灣稻門會). Sú-bêng bat the̍h chîⁿ chhut-lâi chàn-chō·--in. Siâng-hit-sî, i mā tī 1961 nî chham-ka to̍k-phài ê Tâi-oân Chheng-liân Hōe, sī chá-kî ê hōe-oân mā sī tē-1-ê cha-bó· hōe-oân. I hām Chiu Eng-bêng (周英明) tēng-hun liáu-āu 2 lâng chiah chai-iáⁿ tùi-hong oân-nā sī hōe-oân. Hit-chūn ê Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chù-Ji̍t tāi-sài-kóan iáu m̄-chai i ê sin-hūn, chhiâng-chāi chhōe i chò hoan-e̍k kang-chok. 1968 nî 7-goe̍h Ji̍t-pún ê *Tiong-iong Kong-lūn* (中央公論, Tyûyô Kôron) hū-lú pán khan chhut i ê bûn-chiuⁿ, \"Tâi-oân Liû-ha̍k-seng Chò-lâng ê Tiâu-kiāⁿ\", khòng-sò· Ji̍t-pún chèng-hú ûi-hoán jîn-koân, khián-sàng hoán Kok-bîn-tóng ha̍k-seng tńg Tâi-oân -- ín-khí siong-tong ê gī-lūn.\n\nKim Bí-lêng ê miâ tī Tâi-oân tó-lāi pún-chiâⁿ chió lâng chai. Káu-kah ? nî i ka-ji̍p *Tâi-oân-lūn* chit pún tù-chok ê lūn-chiàn, chiah khah chē lâng tùi i ū ìn-siōng. Bô-lūn sī i ê nî-hòe, sèng-pia̍t, káⁿ kóng-oē ê sèng-keh, lóng hām Tâi-oân siā-hōe koàn-sì ê mûi-thé bûn-hòa chha chin chē. Tùi i ê phêng-kè ē-sái kóng chin lióng-kip-hòa. Hoán-tùi Tâi-to̍k ê pó-siú-phài mûi-thé, jîn-bu̍t kah thoân-thé tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ chí-khòng i \"chhin-Ji̍t\", te̍k-pia̍t sī Ji̍t-pún ê iù-phài sè-le̍k. Tông-chêng i ê sè-le̍k chú-iàu sī só·-kóng ê \"Tâi-oân-phài\". I hām Lí Teng-hui tīn-iâⁿ ê li̍p-tiûⁿ sio-oá, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ piáu-hiān chhut pí Tân Chúi-píⁿ chèng-hú a̍h sī Bîn-chú Chìn-pō· Tóng koh khah kiông-lia̍t ê thāi-tō·.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Kim Bí-lêng Homepage (Ji̍t-bûn)","meta":{"title":"Kim Bí-lêng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[31,2272,0.013644366197183098],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2646}} -{"text":"Abraham Lincoln tī Gettysburg\n**Gettysburg Ián-káng** (Gettysburg Address) sī tē-16 jīm Bí-kok Chóng-thóng Abraham Lincoln siōng chhut-miâ ê ián-káng, iā sī tī Bí-kok le̍k-sú siōng, hō͘ lâng ín-iōng siōng-chē pái ê chèng-tī-sèng ián-káng.\n\n1863 nî 11 goe̍h 19 hō, sī Lâm-pak Chiàn-cheng tiong Gettysburg Chiàn-tò͘ kiat-sok liáu-āu 4 kò-goe̍h, Lincoln tī Pennsylvania Gettysburg ê Gettysburg Kok-ka Kong-bōng ê kiat-bō͘ gî-sek tiong hoat-piáu chit pái ián-káng, ai-tō tī 5 kò-goā-goe̍h ê Gettysburg Chiàn-tò͘ lāi tīn-bông ê kun-jîn. Lincoln ê ián-káng tī hit-kang tē-2 sūn-ūi hoat-piáu, lo̍h-bóe chiâⁿ-chò Bí-kok le̍k-sú siōng siōng úi-tāi ê ián-káng chi-it. Ēng bô-kàu 300 jī ê jī-sò͘, 2 kàu 3 hun-cheng ê sî-kan, Lincoln ēng To̍k-li̍p Soan-giân só͘ chi-chhî ê \"lâng-lâng seⁿ-lâi pêng-téng\" ê goân-chek, tiông-sin tēng-gī chit tiûⁿ lōe-chiàn; m̄-nā sī ūi-tio̍h liân-pang ê chûn-sio̍k hùn-tàu, mā sī \"chū-iû ê sin-seng\", kā chin-chiàⁿ ê pêng-téng chhoā hō͘ choân-thé kong-bîn.","meta":{"title":"Gettysburg Ián-káng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,962,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1109}} -{"text":"**Chiang-chiu-hú** (漳州府) sī Tāi-bêng kap Tâi-chheng Hok-kiàn-séng ê chi̍t ê hú, hoān-ûi chhat-put-to sī taⁿ Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng ê Chiang-chiu-chhī.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Tāi-bêng\n\n### Tāi-chheng\n\nTâi-chheng ê sî, hú-siâⁿ iáu tī Liông-khe-koān. \n\nIong-chèng 12 nî (1734 nî) āu, hoān-ûi chhat-put-to sī taⁿ Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng ê Chiang-chiu-chhī (bô pau-hâm Liông-hái-khu Kak-bí-tìn chió-sò͘ tē-khu, Lâm-chēng-koān sai-pak-kak ê Tn̂g-tah-) Lêng-nâ-chhī Chiuⁿ-phîng-chhī chió-sò͘ tē-khu, Éng-tēng-khu chió-sò͘ tē-khu, Ē-mn̂g-chhī Hái-chhng-khu lâm-pòaⁿ-pō͘, Kńg-tang-séng Sòaⁿ-thâu-chhī Lâm-ò-koān tang-pòaⁿ-po͘ kap Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kim-mn̂g-koān Kim-siâⁿ-tìn ê Tang-tiàⁿ-tó.\n\nIong-chèng 10 nî (1732 nî), í Kńg-tang-séng Tiô-chiu-hú Jiâu-pêng, Hok-kiàn-séng Chiang-chiu-hú Chiàu-an-koān put-piat chhî-iú ê Lâm-ò-tó chu-ò ha̍p-tī Lâm-ò-thiaⁿ, iû Tiô-chiu-hú, Chiang-chiu-hú, kiōng-koán.\n\nIong-chèng 12 nî (1734 nî), seng Lêng-nâ-koān ûi Lêng-nâ Ti̍t-lē-chiu (龍巖直隸州), ōe Chiuⁿ-phîng-koān pēng Lêng-iông-koān kui Lêng-nâ Ti̍t-lē-chiu koán-hat, Chiang-chiu-hú hat-kéng sok-sió, kan-taⁿ siong-tong taⁿ Hok-kiàn-séng Kiú-liông-kang tiong-hā-iû kip kî se-lâm tē-khu. Kāng-nî, ōe Chiuⁿ-phó͘-koān Tang-soaⁿ-tó (東山島) tang-pak-kak Tâng-soaⁿ-pó (銅山保) sio̍k Chiàu-an-koān。\n\nIong-chèng 12 nî (1735 nî), ōe Lâm-chēng-koān Chhia-tiân (車田) chóng cha̍p-gō͘ pó sio̍k Chiuⁿ-phó͘-koān.\n\nKa-khèng 3 nî (1798 nî), sek Pêng-hô, Chiúⁿ-phó͘, Chiàu-an saⁿ koán-tē tì Ûn-sio-thiaⁿ.\n\nKàu hit-sî, Chiang-chiu-hú hat 7 ê koān, 2 ê sòaⁿ-thiaⁿ.\n\n1. Liông-khe-koān (龍溪縣): taⁿ ê Hiong-siâⁿ-khu, Hôa-an-koān, Liông-bûn-khu\n2. Hái-têng-koān (海澄縣): taⁿ ê Chiang-chiu-chhī Liông-hái-khu tang-lâm-pō͘ kap Ē-mn̂g-chhī Hái-chhng-khu lâm-pòaⁿ-pō͘, koh ū Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kim-mn̂g-koān Kim-siâⁿ-tìn Tang-tiàⁿ-tó\n3. Tiông-thài-koān (長泰縣): taⁿ ê Tiông-thài-khu\n4. Lâm-chēng-koān (南靖縣): taⁿ ê Lâm-chēng-koān\n5. Pêng-hô-koān (平和縣): taⁿ ê Pêng-hô-koān\n6. Chiuⁿ-phó͘-koān (漳浦縣): taⁿ ê Chiuⁿ-phó͘-koān\n7. Chiàu-an-koān (詔安縣): taⁿ ê Chiàu-an-koān\n8. Ûn-sio-thiaⁿ (雲霄廳): taⁿ ê Ûn-sio-koān\n9. Lâm-ò-thiaⁿ (南澳廳), hām Tiô-chiu-hú kiōng-koán: Sòaⁿ-thâu-chhī Lâm-ò-koān tang-pòaⁿ-po͘","meta":{"title":"Chiang-chiu-hú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[631,2142,0.2945845004668534],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2439}} -{"text":"**Thé** sī sò͘-ha̍k lāi-tóe hō͘-chò thiu-siōng tāi-sò͘ ê chi̍t-ki teh gián-kiù ê mi̍h-kiaⁿ, chi̍t-ê chi̍p-ha̍p lāi-tóe ê sêng-ôan nā-sī ū ka-hoat, kiám-hoat, sêng-hoat kap tû-hoat, chia-ê ūn-sǹg koh kap sǹg-sò͘ ê ūn-sǹg sio-siâng-á sio-siâng, án-ne chit-ê chi̍p-ha̍p tio̍h sī thé.\n\nSò͘-ha̍k ê lē sī ēng {\\displaystyle \\mathbb {K} } lâi piáu-sī thé, che sī tùi Tek-gí ê Körper lâi-·ê, ì-sù sī 'sin-khu'.\n\nChèng-sek ê tēng-gī\n-------------------\n\nThé sī chi̍t-ê ū sêng-hoat tan-ūi-ôan ê kau-ōaⁿ-khôan (*F*, +, ×), jî-chhiáⁿ\n\n* sêng-hoat tan-ūi-ôan *1* kap ka-hoat tan-ūi-ôan *0* sī bô-kâng ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ,\n* chún-kóng *a*∈*F*, *a* m̄-sī ka-hoat-tan-ūi-ôan, lán tiāⁿ-tio̍h ōe-tàng tī *F* nih chhōe-tio̍h chi̍t-ê *b*, hō͘ *a*×*b*=1, ia̍h-tio̍h-sī kóng *a* ū sêng-hoat ge̍k-ôan.\n\nThé ê tû-hoat\n-------------\n\nChiàu thé ê tēng-gī, *F* ê jīm-hô 1-ê seng-oân *a* kap m̄-sī ka-hoat tan-ūi-oân ê *b* ōe-tàng the̍h-lâi tû, tû liáu-āu ōe tit-tio̍h 1-ê siong. Siong ê tēng-gī sī \n\n{\\displaystyle {\\frac {a}{b}}=}b-1×a\nChit-ê *b*-1 sī *b* ê sêng-hoat ge̍k-oân.\n\nTû-hoat bô kau-oāⁿ hoat-chek mā bô kiat-ha̍p hoat-chek. I tùi ka-hoat ū hiòng chiàⁿ-chhiú-pêng ê hun-phòe hoat-chek, tio̍h-sī\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\frac {(a+b)}{c}}={\\frac {a}{c}}+{\\frac {b}{c}}}\n\nLē\n--\n\n1. Ho̍k-cha̍p-sò͘ {\\displaystyle \\mathbb {C} } kap it-poaⁿ teh ēng ê ka-hoat kap sêng-hoat. I koh ū kúi-nā-ê pō͘-hūn-thé, chhin-chhiūⁿ iú-lí-sò͘ {\\displaystyle \\mathbb {Q} } kap sı̍t-sò͘ {\\displaystyle \\mathbb {R} }.\n2. Galois thé sī ū chīn-pōng ê thé, tī sò͘-lūn, tiān-naú-kho-ha̍k kap chu-sìn kang-thêng sī chin tiōng-iàu ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ.\n\nSèng-chit\n---------\n\n* Chi̍t-ê thé *F* lāi-tóe m̄-sī 0 ê sêng-ôan chiâⁿ-sêng ê chi̍p-ha̍p ( it-poaⁿ sī kì-chò *F*×), kap *F* ê sêng-hoat chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t-ê abelian kûn. *F*× ê pō͘-hūn-kûn sī sûn-khôan-kûn.\n* Thé ê piau-sò͘ nā m̄-sī 0 tio̍h-sī sò͘-sò͘.\n* Iú-hān-thé ê seng-ôan sò͘-ba̍k it-tēng sī sò͘-sò͘ ê chéng-sò͘ chhù-hong.\n* Kā thé tòng-chò khôan, i kan-taⁿ u 2-ê lí-sióng, {0} kap i ka-tī.","meta":{"title":"Thé (sò͘-ha̍k)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[929,1876,0.4952025586353945],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2264}} -{"text":"**Fasci-chú-gī** ê sû-goân sī *fasces* chit-ê jī, Lô-má Tè-kok ê sî bat ēng chit-ê sû lâi chí pa̍k-chò kui-kún ê chhâ-ki, ē chioh chit-ê sû lâi ēng, sī beh chhú hit āu-piah: 1 ki chhâ-ki beh áu hō͘ tn̄g chin khoài, m̄-koh pa̍k-chò kui-khún beh áu tō chin oh ê ì-sù. Fasci-chú-gī-chiá jīn-ûi, nā ta̍k-ê lâng lóng kian-sim kin-toè 1 ê thâu-lâng, án-ne chit-ê kok-ka chiū ē chhin-chhiūⁿ chiâⁿ khún ê chhâ-ki hiah-ni̍h-á ióng-kò͘.\n\nIā Fasci-chú-gī khêng-si̍t sī kóng 1 chióng chèng-hú ê khoán-sek, tī thàn Fasci-chú-gī ê kok-ka--ni̍h, kok-ka sī khoàⁿ-chò pí jīn-hô kò-jîn koh khah tiōng-iàu--ê, ū chit-khoán chèng-hú ê kok-ka sù-siông ū 1 ê to̍k-chhâi-chiá leh chò chú-chhâi, i ū la̍k tùi chèng-hú kap jîn-bîn oân-choân khòng-chè ê koân, sui-bóng toā-to-sò͘ ê fasci-chú-gī-chiá ē tông-ì kok-ka sī siōng-tiōng-iàu ê mi̍h, chóng--sī hiān-si̍t-tek in ê kiâⁿ-pàng khah sêng sī in beh hō͘ to̍k-chhâi-chiá khah iâⁿ koè kok-ka lāi-té ê sū-sū hāng-hāng, sīm-chì poâⁿ-koè tī jîn-lūi kap oa̍h-miā pún-sin.\n\nFasci-chú-gī sī tī tē-jī chhù sè-kài tāi-chiàn hit-tah-á tī Au-chiu chhut-hiān--ê, khí-tì sī ū chiâⁿ chē lâng kiaⁿ kiōng-sán-chú-gī, chū-án-ne in siūⁿ-kóng bîn-chú bô kàu-gia̍h thang pó-hō͘--in, iā Fasci-chú-gī tō sī beh kái-koat hit-tang-chūn ê lâng tùi kiōng-sán-tóng ê kiaⁿ-hiâⁿ.\n\n| | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nChèng-tī ì-sek-hêng-thài |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n* Bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī\n* Bîn-cho̍k pó-siú-chú-gī\n* Bîn-chú siā-hōe-chú-gī\n* Chéng-cho̍k-chú-gī\n* Chìn-pō͘-chú-gī\n* Chheⁿ-sek bû-chèng-hú-chú-gī\n* Chheⁿ-sek kang-hōe-chú-gī\n* Chū-iû-chú-gī\n* Chū-iû-lâng-chú-gī\n* Chū-iû-lâng siā-hōe-chú-gī\n* Chū-iû pó-siú-chú-gī\n* Fasci-chú-gī\n* Goân-lí-chú-gī\n* Hui-thóng-tī-chú-gī\n* Hui-thóng-tī kang-hōe-chú-gī\n* Hui-thóng-tī kiōng-sán-chú-gī\n* Hui-thóng-tī siā-hōe-chú-gī\n* Hu̍t-kàu siā-hōe-chú-gī\n* Islam-chú-gī\n* Islam goân-lí-chú-gī\n* Islam siā-hōe-chú-gī\n* Jîn-bûn pó-siú-chú-gī\n* Kái-hòng sîn-ha̍k\n* Kang-hōe-chú-gī\n* Khoân-kéng-chú-gī\n* Kiōng-sán-chú-gī\n* Kiōng-tông-thé-chú-gī\n* Ki-tok-kàu bîn-chú-chú-gī\n* Ki-tok-kàu kiōng-sán-chú-gī\n* Ki-tok-kàu siā-hōe-chú-gī\n* Kun-kok-chú-gī\n* Sè-kài-chú-gī\n* Seng-thài siā-hōe-chú-gī\n* Siā-hōe bîn-chú-chú-gī\n* Siā-hōe-chú-gī\n* Siā-hōe chū-iû-chú-gī\n* Pó-siú-chú-gī\n* Pó-siú chū-iû-chú-gī\n\n |\n| |\n| **Chèng-tī chú-tê** |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Fasci-chú-gī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[948,2223,0.42645074224021595],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2682}} -{"text":"Ibn Khaldun ê tiau-siōng\n**Ibn Khaldun** (A-la-pek-gí: أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي‎, *Abū Zayd ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Khaldūn al-Ḥaḍramī*; 1332 nî 5 goe̍h 27 ji̍t – 1406 nî 3 goe̍h 17 ji̍t) sī chi̍t ūi 14 sè-kí ê A-la-pek sú-ha̍k-sú kiam le̍k-sú-ha̍k-chiá. I pī kóng-hoàn jīn-tēng sī hiān-tāi sú-ha̍k-sú, siā-hōe-ha̍k, keng-chè-ha̍k kap jîn-kháu-ha̍k ê sian-hêng-chiá. I siāng chhut-miâ ê chheh sī *Muqaddimah*. Chit pún chheh éng-hióng tio̍h 17 sè-kí ê Ottoman le̍k-sú-ha̍k-chiá, chhin-chhiūⁿ Kâtip Çelebi, Ahmed Cevdet Pasha kap Mustafa Naima téng; in iōng chit pún chheh ê lí-lūn lâi hun-sek Ottoman Tè-kok ê sêng-tióng kap soe-bông. 19 sè-kí ê Au-chiu ha̍k-chiá mā jīn-ti tio̍h chit pún chheh ê tiōng-iàu-sèng, jīn-ûi Khaldun sī Tiong-sè-kí siāng úi-tāi ê tiat-ha̍k-ka.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 41841661\n* LCCN: n50052785\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2129 6275\n* GND: 118639773\n* SELIBR: 63193\n* SUDOC: 027317250\n* BNF: cb119081451 (data)\n* BIBSYS: 90054920\n* NLA: 35217597\n* NDL: 00444184\n* NKC: jn20011211046\n* RLS: 000003721\n* BNE: XX1059103\n* CiNii: DA00435171\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ibn Khaldun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[244,1010,0.24158415841584158],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1274}} -{"text":"***Gay*** (\"Géi\", \"Kéi\") sī tùi Eng-gí khí-goân ê tan-jī, chí tông-sèng-loân-chiá he̍k-chiá sī ū tông-sèng-loân sèng-chit ê lâng. Chit jī goân-lâi sī \"chheng-sim\", \"ia̍t-lo̍k\" ê ì-sù. Āu--lâi chí tông-sèng-loân ê ì-sù, chá-kî chhut-hiān tī 19 sè-kí, chóng-sī kàu 20 sè-kí chiah chiām-chhù liû-hêng--khí-lâi. *Gay* ia̍h thang te̍k-pia̍t chí lâm-sèng tông-sèng-loân-chiá. \n\n*Gay* chit jī sī tông-sèng-loân bûn-hòa ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, sī LGBT thoân-thé chū-sin chhui-chiàn ê ēng-gí, ùi chi̍t kóa kài-siāu chu-liāu, in ēng chit jī chí siū kâng sèng-pia̍t khip-ín ê lâng.\n\nKoan-liân iōng-gí\n-----------------\n\nPau-koat Bân-lâm-gí chāi-lāi, koh khoán giân-gí ū chē chióng chí tông-sèng-loân ia̍h lâm-sèng tông-sèng-loân, he̍k-chiá sī kî-tha ì-sù beh-óa (koh bûn-hòa bô it-tēng ū hiān-tāi ê \"tông-sèng-loân\" koan-liām) ê iōng-gí, pí-lūn Tâi-gí ê khaⁿ-á-sian ia̍h Tang-lâm-a Hok-kiàn-ōe ê a-koaⁿ, chóng-sī chia ê iōng-gí sú-iōng ê lí-lō͘, le̍k-sú kap in tī siā-hōe-siōng ê ì-bī lóng kap Eng-gí ê *gay* sī ke-kiám bô-kâng--ê.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. ↑ John Macgowan (1883). \"Gay\". *English and Chinese dictionary of the Amoy dialect*.\n2. ↑ \"GLAAD Media Reference Guide – Offensive Terms To Avoid\". 21 April 2012.\n3. ↑ \"Avoiding Heterosexual Bias in Language\". *American Psychologist*. Committee on Lesbian and Gay Concerns (American Psychological Association, Inc). **46** (9): 973–974. September 1991. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.46.9.973. 14 March 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Gay","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[352,1349,0.2609340252038547],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1613}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân Pit-hōe** (台灣筆會) sī Tâi-oân ê bûn-ha̍k cho͘-chit. 1987 nî 1 goe̍h 18 hō, iû Tâi-oân bûn-gē chok-ka hoat-khí sêng-li̍p, kāng chi̍t nî ê 2 goe̍h 15 hō chèng-sek sêng-li̍p. Tâi-oân Pit-hōe sêng-li̍p ê chong-chí sī: \"pó-chiòng chok-ka jîn-khoân, tè-chō Tâi-oân sin bûn-hòa\". Sêng-li̍p ê sî-chūn, hōe-oân tāi-khài ū 160 lâng, in bat hióng Kok-chè Pit-hōe sin-chhéng ji̍p-hōe, tān-sī in-ūi Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Pit-hōe í-keng sī hōe-oân, só͘-í pī kī-choa̍t. Tâi-oân Pit-hōe ê khan-bu̍t pau-hâm *Pit-hōe Goe̍h-pò* (筆會月報) kap *Tâi-oân Pit-hōe Choan-lân* (台灣筆會專欄); lēng-gōa koh ē kí-pān thui-chiàn pún-thó͘ chheh kap pian-chip *Tâi-oân Bûn-ha̍k Liân-soán-chi̍p* (台灣文學年選集) téng-téng. I-ê le̍k-jīm hōe-tiúⁿ ū Iûⁿ Chheng-chhiok, Tân Chhian-bú, Cheng Tiāu-chèng, Lí Bín-ióng, Lí Khoe-hiân, Tēⁿ Chheng-bûn, Lí Kiâu kap Chan Kùi-hái.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. 1 2 \"Bûn-sú siā-thoân sûn-lé -- Tâi-oân Pit-hōe \"ùi pún-thó͘ chhut-hoat kap kok-chè chiap-kúi\"\". 2011-08-25 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Pit-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[116,944,0.1228813559322034],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1102}} -{"text":"Bae Suzy (2017).\n**Bae Su-ji** (Hân-kok-gí: 배수지, 1994 nî 10 goe̍h 10 ji̍t chhut-sì ), gē-miâ **Suzy**, sī Hân-kok ê koa-chhiú, bú-chiá, ián-goân, model kah MC. Suzy siōng ū miâ-siaⁿ ê chok-phín sī *Dream High*, *Big*, *Gu Family Book* kah tiān-iáⁿ *Architecture 101*; i tī lāi-té hun-pia̍t ián-chhut Go Hye-mi, Jang Ma-ri, Dam Yeo-wool kah Yang Seo-yeon. Suzy tông-sî mā sī lú-chú thoân-thé miss A ê sîng-oân. Suzy tī *The 2013 Independent Critics List of the 100 Most Beautiful Faces* pâi-miâ 14.\n\nSing-pîng\n---------\n\n### Chá-nî\n\nSuzy tī Gwangju chhut-sì. I tha̍k Seoul Performing Arts High School pit-gia̍p. Chhut-tō chìn-chîng, i sī internet bé-bē ê model. 2009 nî, i chham-ka Mnet Superstar K ê chiat-bo̍k, tān-sī tiong-tô͘ tô-thài. Iáu-m̄-koh, i koh chham-ka JYP Entertainment ê hùn-liān. Keh-tńg-nî, i kah Wang Feifei, Meng Jia iáu-ū Min tàu-tīn cho͘-ha̍p miss A chhut-tō.\n\n### miss A\n\nmiss A (2013), Suzy tshīng âng sann.\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: miss A\n2010 nî, Suzy kah thoân-oân kiōng-tông sîng-li̍p lú-chú thoân-thé miss A. Chit ê thoân-thé chi̍t khai-sí chú-iàu tī Tiong-kok hoat-tián. Miss A hoat-piáu koa-khik *Love Again* lâi hō͘ Samsung Beat Festival tī kóng-kò lāi-té sú-iōng; chit tiâu koa-khik iû Super Changddai chhòng-chok, MV iû Hong Won Ki tō-ián. miss A āu-lâi koh ka-ji̍p tē-sì uī sîng-oân, Min. 2010 nî 7 gue̍h, miss A chóng sǹg thàu-koè JYP Entertainment hoat-piáu tē-it tiuⁿ toaⁿ-khik *Bad Girl Good Girl*.\n\nSîng-kong hoat-piáu toaⁿ-khik liáu-āu, in tī 7 lé-pài āu koh thui-chhut tē-jī tiuⁿ toaⁿ-khik *Step Up*. 2011 nî 7 goe̍h, miss A hoat-piáu tē-it tiuⁿ choan-chi̍p *A Class*; chit tiuⁿ choan-chi̍p siau-lō͘ chin hó. In-chhú, in liâm-mi thui-chhut Hoâ-gí ê chok-phín. 2012 nî 2 goe̍h, miss A hoat-piáu bô-kāng hong-keh ê choan-chi̍p chok-phín *Touch*; 2012 nî 12 goe̍h, koh thui-chhut chi̍t tiuⁿ mini choan-chi̍p *Independent Women Part III*. 2013 nî 11 goe̍h, miss A tī chi̍t nî āu koh-chài hoat-piáu in tē-jī tiuⁿ choan-chi̍p *Hush*; chú-tê koa-khik sī Hân-kok chin chhut-miâ ê chok-khik-chiá E-Tribe ê chhòng-chok.\n\n### 2010 nî í-āu\n\nPī-chù\n------\n\n1. ↑ (Eng-gí) \"Nana, Taeyeon, Suzy and 11 Others in \"100 Most Beautiful Faces of 2013″ List\". Soompi. December 24, 2013.\n2. ↑ (Eng-gí) \"More pre-debut footage of miss A uncovered\". 6Theory Media, LLC. July 2, 2010.\n3. ↑ (Hân-kok-gí) Lee, Jeong-Ah (June 29, 2010). \"미쓰에이, 홈페이지-유튜브 공식채널 오픈\" (ēng Hân-kok-gí). OSEN. November 6, 2013 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ (Eng-gí) miss A unleashes debut mini album bad but good. allkpop. June 30, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2010.","meta":{"title":"Bae Suzy","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[400,2254,0.1774622892635315],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2733}} -{"text":"**Pian-bé** sī jī ê chi̍p-ha̍p kap lēng-gōa 1-ê chi̍p-ha̍p ê tùi-èng. Lēng-gōa chit-ê chi̍p-ha̍p tiāⁿ-tīaⁿ sī sò·-jī, mā ū khó-lêng sī tiān-chú sìn-hō. Pí-lūn kóng, Morse bé sī 1-chióng Latin-jī kap telegraph key ê tùi-èng; ASCII kā Eng-gí iōng ê Latin-jī, sò·-jī, kap 1-kóa hû-hō tùi-èng kàu chéng-sò· kap chit-ê chéng-sò· ê 7-bit 2-chìn-ūi piáu-sī.\n\nTiān-náu\n--------\n\nBeh iōng tiān-náu lâi chhú-lí bûn-jī, su-iàu tùi chit-ê bûn-jī chòe pian-bé. Pian-bé ê kòe-têng tī kài-liām téng ē-sái thià-chòe 2 pō-hūn. Tē 1-pō-hūn sī kā chit-ê bûn-jī hē-thóng ê ki-pún tan-ūi (ē-sái sī jī, jī-tô·, kap Grapheme) tùi-èng kàu 1-ê chéng-sò·.\n\n* jī --> chéng-sò·\n* jī-tô· --> chéng-sò·\n* Grapheme --> chéng-sò·\n\nTē 2-pō-hūn sī kā chit-ê chéng-sò· tùi-èng kàu 1-ê sek-hap tiān-náu chhú-lí ê 2-chìn-ūi sò·-jī. Siōng kán-tan ê sī iōng chit-ê chéng-sò· ê 2-chìn-ūi piáu-sī. Khah ho̍k-cha̍p ê sī kā chit-ê chéng-sò· tùi-èng kàu 1-ê í-siōng (bô it-teng ài kò·-tēng kùi-ê) ê 2-chìn-ūi sò·-jī.\n\n* chéng-sò· --> chéng-sò· ê 2-chìn-ūi piáu-sī.\n* chéng-sò· --> 1-ê í-siōng ê 2-chìn-ūi sò·-jī.\n\nPian-bé lia̍t-toaⁿ\n------------------\n\n* ASCII\n* EBCDIC\n* ISO 8859:\n\t+ ISO 8859-1, ISO 8859-2, ISO 8859-3, ISO 8859-4, ISO 8859-5, ISO 8859-6, ISO 8859-7, ISO 8859-8, ISO 8859-9, ISO 8859-10, ISO 8859-11, ISO 8859-13, ISO 8859-14, ISO 8859-15, ISO 8859-16\n* Windows character sets:\n\t+ Windows-1251, Windows-1252, Windows-1258\n* KOI8-R, KOI8-U\n* ISCII\n* VISCII\n* Big-5\n* GB:\n\t+ GB2312\n\t+ GB18030\n* ISO 2022\n* Unicode (And subsets thereof, such as the 16-bit 'Basic Multilingual Plane'). See UTF-8\n* Taiwanese Package","meta":{"title":"Pian-bé","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[541,1496,0.36163101604278075],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1811}} -{"text":"\n**Hasimoto Ai** (橋本 愛; 1996 nî 1 goe̍h 12 ji̍t chhut-sì ) sī chi̍t ūi Ji̍t-pún ê cha-bó͘ ián-goân kiam sî-kiâⁿ model.\n\nBân-lâm-gí ê tha̍k-chheh-im ti̍t-chiap tha̍k chò **Kiô-pún Ài**.\n\nKeng-le̍k\n---------\n\n2008 nî, Hasimoto chham-ka Sony kí-hêng ê \"HUAHUA\" chin-soán-hōe, tit-tio̍h tāi-chióng; tong-sî chiah 12 hòe ê Hasimoto tī ián-gē-kài chhut-tō. Keh-tńg-nî, Hasimoto koh chham-ka lú-sèng sî-kiâⁿ cha̍p-chì *Seventeen* kí-pān ê \"Miss Seventeen\" model chin-soán-hōe, tùi 5,267 ūi kèng-cheng-chiá tang-tiong sèng-chhut. Hasimoto sī tong-sî *Seventeen* cha̍p-chì hōe-siā lāi-té siōng siàu-liân ê model. 2010 nî, Hasimoto chham-ú tiān-iáⁿ *Give and Go* ê ián-chhut.\n\n2010 nî, Hasimoto ián-chhut tiān-iáⁿ *Confessions* tang-tiong ê pan-tiúⁿ. *Confessions* āu-lâi siau-lō͘ hui-siông hó, tit-tio̍h chin chē chióng-hāng ê khéng-tēng, Hasimoto in-chhú siū-tio̍h koan-chù. 2012 nî 5 goe̍h, Hasimoto ián-chhut tiān-iáⁿ Sadako 3D tiong ê sadako, koh-chài ín-khí tāi-chiòng ê thó-lūn. Ē pòaⁿ-nî, Hasimoto tam-jīm *The Kirishima Thing* ê chú-kak. Koh ka-siōng nî-bóe ê *Tsunagu*, Hasimoto tī 2012 nî lóng-chóng chiū ián-chhut 8 chhut tiān-iáⁿ.\n\n2013 nî, Hasimoto ián-chhut NHK sîn-kàiⁿ hì-kio̍k *Amachan* ê *Adachi Yui* (足立 結衣).","meta":{"title":"Hasimoto Ai","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[139,1283,0.1083398285268901],"infobox":["
    Hasimoto Ai
    \n
    2014 nî
    Tshut-sì\n1996 nî 1 goe̍h 12 ji̍t （1996-01-12）(27 hòe)
    \"\" Ji̍t-pún Kumamoto-koān
    Kok-tsi̍k\n\"\" Ji̍t-pún
    Tsit-gia̍p\nIán-gôan, model
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1351}} -{"text":"**Kok-koa** (國歌) sī hō͘ chi̍t-ê kok-ka ê chèng-hú chèng-sek sêng-jīn ia̍h-sī tī thoân-thóng-siōng hō͘ kok-bîn sú-iōng, ē-sái tāi-piáu hit-ê kok-ka ê ga̍k-khek. Kok-ka it-poaⁿ lóng tài-iú ài-kok-chú-gī ê sek-chhái. Sè-kài siōng-lāu-kó͘-chá ê kok-koa tī 1568 nî chè-tèng, sī Hô-lân ê *Wilhelmus*; put-kò, tōa-pō͘-hūn ê kok-koa lóng sī tī 19 sè-kí kap 20 sè-kí chiah chè-tèng ê.\n\nKok-koa tī chiâⁿ chē tiûⁿ-ha̍p pī sú-iōng, thong-siông tī kok-tēng kà-ji̍t ián-chàu, mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ tī thé-io̍k kēng-sài tiong sú-iōng, iōng-lâi hoàn-khí ia̍h-sī piáu-ta̍t kok-bîn ê ài-kok sim-chêng. Tī seng-kàng-kî ê gî-sek tiong, kok-koa thong-siông chok-ûi seng-kàng kok-kî sî só͘ ián-chàu ê ga̍k-khek. Tōa-pō͘-hūn ê kok-ka, chok-ûi ài-kok kàu-io̍k ê chit-pō͘-hūn, ha̍k-hāu tùi ha̍k-seng ián-chàu kok-koa. Thài-kok kap Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok bat kui-tēng tī kio̍k-īⁿ ia̍h-sī tiān-iáⁿ-iⁿ chèng-sek hòng-iáⁿ chêng ài ián-chàu kok-koa ia̍h-sī ông-sek siōng-ko. Tī tōa-hêng kok-chè pí-sài chhiūⁿ kha-kiû, kan-ná-kiû sài-sū sî, thong-siông ē ián-chàu siang-hong ê kok-koa. Bí-kok kap Ka-ná-tāi téng chi̍t-kóa kok-ka tī pún-kok ê thé-io̍k sài-sū khai-sài chêng mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ē ián-chhiùⁿ kok-koa. Tī Ò-lîm-phit-khek Ūn-tōng-hōe, Sè-kài Kím-phiau-sài pan-hoat chióng-pâi sî, mā ē ián-chàu kim-pâi tit-chú ê kok-koa.","meta":{"title":"Kok-koa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1303,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1487}} -{"text":"3 khoán kó͘-chhoe\nKó͘-chhoe sī 1 chióng chú-iàu ēng tī Se-kok kó͘-tián im-ga̍k kap jazz--ni̍h ê kim-sio̍k koán-ga̍k-khì. Chit-khoán ga̍k-khì lāi-té siōng sù-siông khoàⁿ--ê sī B*b* kó͘-chhoe, chit-khoán kó͘-chhoe nā pûn C chit-ê im, ē tú-hó sī piau-chún im-kuân ê B*b*, só͘-í ū chit-ê miâ.\n\nKó͘-chhoe ê siaⁿ, sī khò pûn ê lâng tùi kó͘-chhoe-chhùi pûn-hong hoat \"pu\" ê siaⁿ, thàu-koè ga̍k-khì pún-sin ê kiōng-bêng thoân tò--chhut-lâi lâi ū--ê. Bô-kāng khoán-sek ê kó͘-chhoe kò͘-chō mā koh-iūⁿ, ū jí bô jí, toā ki sè ki, ū chhun-kiu siat-kè bô chhun-kiu siat-kè téng-téng, lán kí B*b* kó͘-chhoe chò-lē, i ê téng-koân tō ū 3 ê jí, hō͘ pûn ê lâng thang chhi̍h, chò khòng-chè im-koân ê lō͘-iōng.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nKó͘-chhoe ê ga̍k-khek\n---------------------\n\nTī Se-kok kó͘-tián im-ga̍k--ni̍h, ū ūi kó͘-chhoe siá ê to̍k-chàu-khek, kau-hiáng-khek mā tiāⁿ ēng kó͘-chhoe phoāⁿ-chàu. Kó͘-chhoe tī jazz im-ga̍k iû-kî tiōng-iàu, liû-hêng-koa lāi-té mā tiāⁿ thiaⁿ ē-tio̍h kó͘-chhoe ê siaⁿ.\n\nKó͘-chhoe-chhiú\n---------------\n\nChhut-miâ ê kó͘-chhoe-chhiú pau-koat:\n\n* Maurice Andre\n* Rolf Smedvig\n* Sergei Nakariakov\n* Veselin Bozhilov\n\nNā kā jazz to̍k-to̍k kéng chhut-lâi khoàⁿ, jazz chhut-miâ ê kó͘-chhoe-chhiú ū:\n\n* Miles Davis\n* Louis Armstrong\n* Arturo Sandoval\n* Ian McGilp\n* Winston Marsalis\n* Dizzy Gillepsie\n* Maynard Ferguson","meta":{"title":"Kó͘-chhoe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[145,1295,0.11196911196911197],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1580}} -{"text":"\n**Curiosity** (Eng-gí ho͘-im: /kjʊərɪˈɒsɪti/ \"Óa-im: \"*ku-li-ó-si-tih*\"\") sī Bí-kok NASA siat-kè chè-chō ê chi̍t chiah Hóe-chheⁿ thàm-chhâ-chhia (*rover*). Hō-miâ *Curiosity* chit jī ê ì-sù sī \"hòⁿ-kî.\" Curiosity sī thàm-chhâ oa̍h-tāng Hóe-chheⁿ Kho-ha̍k Si̍t-giām-sek (*Mars Science Laboratory*; MSL) jīm-bū lāi-bīn chòe chú-iàu ê pō͘-hūn.\n\nHoat-siā kap hâng-hêng\n----------------------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Hóe-chheⁿ Kho-ha̍k Si̍t-giām-sek\nMSL jīn-bū chhut-hoat ê tē-tiám sī Florida ê Canaveral Hái-kak, ùi chāi-tē sî-kan ê 2011 nî 11 goe̍h 26 ji̍t ê chái-khí 10:02 (UTC sî-kan 15:02) hoat-siā. Sú-iōng ê hóe-chìⁿ sī Liân-ha̍p Hoat-siā Liân-bêng (United Launch Alliance) seng-sán ê Atlas V khoán-sek. \n\nCuriosity chhia, sī hông té ùi hóe-chhìⁿ lāi-bīn ê sûn-hâng-tōaⁿ (*cruise stage*), Atlas V kî-tha ê pō͘-hūn lóng thoat-lî liáu-āu, chhun--lo̍h-lâi sûn-hâng-tōaⁿ chò chòe-āu ê thài-khòng hâng-hêng.\n\nIáu bōe kàu Hóe-chheⁿ chìn-chêng, tī 2011 nî ê 12 goe̍h 13, Curiosity í-keng khai-sí teh koan-chhek thài-khong ê hòng-siā-sòaⁿ chōng-hóng, che sī beh chhái-chi̍p bī-lâi chài-lâng jīn-bū só͘ su-iàu ê chu-liāu.\n\nKàng-lo̍h\n---------\n\nUTC sî-kan 2012 nî 8 goe̍h 6 ji̍t ê 05:17, hông chài tī sûn-hâng-tōaⁿ lāi-bīn ê Curiosity tī Gale Ún-se̍k-khut (*Gale Crater*) kàng-lo̍h. Tong-sî ki-hâi chián-á seng chiong lām-soh chián tn̄g, hō͘ sûn-hâng-tōaⁿ kap tāi-khì-khak (*aeroshell*) hun--khui. Liáu-āu sûn-hâng-tōaⁿ siám ji̍p pa̍t-ê tôaⁿ-tō (*trajectory*), tī Hóe-chheⁿ ê tāi-khì-chân lāi sio tiāu.\n\nÙi Hóe-chheⁿ ê sì-ûi, ū saⁿ lia̍p í-chá hông sàng kòe hia--ê, koh tī pún jīn-bū sio phòe-ha̍p ê kúi-tō-ki (*orbiter*) Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, 2001 Mars Odyssey, kap Mars Express, lóng khak-jīm liáu kàng-lo̍h ê khang-khòe.\n\nCuriosity kàng-lo̍h tī lî Gale Ún-se̍k-khut tiong-sim 2.4 kong-lí ê só͘-chāi. Chit-ê tē-tiám hông NASA hō-miâ chò Bradbury Landing.\n\nHóe-chheⁿ oa̍h-tāng kap hoat-kiàn\n---------------------------------\n\n### 2012 nî\n\n8 goe̍h 6 ji̍t ēng MAHLI hip ê thâu chi̍t tiuⁿ chhái-sek siòng-phìⁿ.\n2012 nî 8 goe̍h 8 ji̍t, Jīm-bū Khòng-chè-só͘ khai-si kái-sin Curiosity ê tiān-náu nńg-thé, chiong goân-lâi ēng tī kàng-lo̍h kòe-têng ê nńg-thé, tùi tē-kiû ap-ló͘ kòe beh ēng tī Hóe-chheⁿ piáu-bīn chok-gia̍p ê nńg-thé. Thè-ōaⁿ khang-khòe tī 15 ji̍t goân-sêng. Curiosity tùi 8 goe̍h 15 khai-sí liáu liân-sio̍k kúi kang ê chhì-giām. I tī 19 ji̍t ê sî, tùi kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê chi̍t lia̍p pian-hō N165 ê chio̍h-thâu chhì ēng ChemCam chong-pī ê laser.\n\nCuriosity tī 8 goe̍h 29 thâu chi̍t kái sóa tāng, sái hiòng tang-pêng tāi-iok 400 kong-chhioh hn̄g ê Glenelg. Iáu bōe kàu chìn-chêng ê lō͘ lìn, Curiosity gián-kiù liáu chi̍t lia̍p kim-jī-thah hêng ê chio̍h-á, chit lia̍p chio̍h-thâu hông hō-miâ \"Jake Matijevic\", sī Curiosity ê chi̍t ūi tiōng-iàu siat-kè-chiá ê miâ-jī, i tī Curiosity kàng-lo̍h kòe-āu bô loa̍h kú tio̍h kòe-sin--ah. Jack chio̍h-thâu, ū 25 kong-hun koân, 40 kong-hun khoah.\n\n2012 nî 9 goe̍h 27, NASA ê kho-ha̍k-ka soan-pò͘ Curiosity hoat-kiàn kó͘-tāi chúi-liû ê chèng-kù.\n\n9 goe̍h 30 ji̍t ê sî, Curiosity koh tiâu-cha lēng-gōa chi̍t lia̍p hō-miâ \"Bathurst Inlet\" ê sè-lia̍p chio̍h. Bathurst Inlet chit-ê miâ sī tòe Ka-ná-tah pak hái-hōaⁿ ê chi̍t-ê hái kháu Bathurst Inlet hō--ê.\n\nKàu 10 goe̍h 7 ji̍t, koh tī Rocknest chi̍t ūi hoat-kiàn chi̍t tè \"kim-kim ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ\", kho-ha̍k-ka hi̍p-siōng liáu-āu, tāi-seng sī jīn-ûi che sī thài-khong-chûn ka-tī lak--lo̍h-lâi ê sè-iú-á. Āu--lâi hū-kīn koh kè-sio̍k chhōe tio̍h kâng lūi ê mi̍h, hông jīn-ûi khó-lêng sī chāi-tē chûn-chāi ê bu̍t-chit.\n\n11 goe̍h 22, Curiosity ēng APXS chong-pī lâi hun-sek \"Rocknest 3\" chio̍h-thâu. Liáu-āu chiō hiòng \"Point Lake\" kè-sio̍k sái kòe. 12 goe̍h 3 ji̍t, NASA pò-tō Curiosity thâu chi̍t pái siông-sè ê soa-thô͘ hun-sek. Tī Hóe-chheⁿ thô͘-kha lāi-bīn chhōe tio̍h chúi hun-chú, liû-hông kap iâm-sò͘.\n\n### 2013 nî\n\n2013 nî ê 2 goe̍h 2 ji̍t, Curiosity thâu chi̍t pái sú-iōng chǹg-á, tī Yellowknife Bay chǹg \"John Klein\" chio̍h-thâu. Kun-kù chit hāng kiám-giām, NASA tī 3 goe̍h sî pò-kò Curiosity hoat-kiàn liáu Gale Crater í-chá pat sek-ha̍p bî-seng-bu̍t ê tē-chit hòa-ha̍k khoân-kéng. Kî-tiong i giām tio̍h chúi, jī-sng-hòa thòaⁿ-sò͘, sng-sò͘, jī-sng-hòa liû-hông kap liû-hòa-chúi-sò͘.\n\n4 goe̍h 8 ji̍t, NASA pò-kò Hóe-chheⁿ ê tāi-khì-chân siau-si̍t ê chêng-hêng. Che sī kun-kù argon tông-ūi-sò͘ pí-lē (*argon isotope ratios*) gián-kiù thui-lūn--ê. 7 goe̍h 19, in koh pò-kò tùi tāi-khì-chân ê sin hun-sek, chai-iáⁿ liáu kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám hū-kīn khiàm me-sán (*methane*) ê chêng-hêng. Lēng-gōa ia̍h hoat-kiàn Hóe-chheⁿ í-keng sit khí liáu tōa-liōng ê tāi-khì-chân; in ūi tī tông-ūi-sò͘ cho͘-sêng lāi goân khì-thé goân-sò͘ chin hong-hù, iû-kî sī argon kap thòaⁿ-sò͘.\n\n### 2014 nî\n\n2014 nî 9 goe̍h 11, Curiosity lâi kàu Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons) tē-tiám.\n\n### 2017 nî\n\nSol (hóe-chheⁿ-téng 1 kang) 1852 ê sî, Curiosity ēng Navcam chhōe hûn kap tîn-hong (*dust devil*).\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ The *Curiosity* Rover Preps for Big Plans After its Daring Descent *Time*. August 9, 2012\n2. ↑ M. Wall - Mars rover survives 'brain transplant' with flying colors - NBC\n3. ↑ Brown, Dwayne; Cole, Steve; Webster, Guy; Agle, D.C. (2012-09-27). \"NASA Rover Finds Old Streambed On Martian Surface\". NASA. 2017-01-26 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ Brown, Dwayne; Webster, Guy; Neal-Jones, Nancy (December 3, 2012). \"NASA Mars Rover Fully Analyzes First Martian Soil Samples\". NASA. December 3, 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ Agle, DC; Brown, Dwayne (March 12, 2013). \"NASA Rover Finds Conditions Once Suited for Ancient Life on Mars\". NASA. March 12, 2013 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ Webster, Guy (2013-04-08). \"Remaining Martian Atmosphere Still Dynamic\". *NASA*. 2017-03-15 khòaⁿ--ê.\n7. ↑ Ken Herkenhoff (2017-10-20). \"Sol 1852: Feeding SAM some sand\". *NASA Mars Rover Curiosity: Mission Updates*. Jet Propulsion Laboratory.\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n* NASA Mars Rover Curiosity: Mission Updates. *Jet Propulsion Laboratory.*","meta":{"title":"Curiosity","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[814,5457,0.14916620853949056],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6516}} -{"text":"Kó͘-chek\n**Kó͘-chek** sī sian-bîn tī le̍k-sú, bûn-hoà, kiàn-tio̍k, gē-su̍t siōng ê kū-thé ûi-sán ia̍h ûi-chí. pau-hâm kó͘-chá kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t, thoân-thóng chū-lo̍h, kó͘-chá chhī-ke, khó-kó͘ ûi-chí í-ki̍p kî-thaⁿ le̍k-sú bûn-hoà ûi-chek; hâm-kài chèng-tī, kun-sū, chong-kàu, chè-sū, khiā-ke, seng-oa̍h, gû-lo̍k, lô-tōng, siā-hōe, keng-chè, kàu-io̍k téng-téng hong-bīn léng-he̍k, mí-pó͘ bûn-jī kap le̍k-sú kì-lo̍k put-chiok ê só͘-chāi.\n\nIt-tàn chi̍t ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t ia̍h ûi-chí pī lia̍t chò kó͘-chek, ia̍h chiām-tēng kó͘-chek sî, thong-siông chiū ē siū-tio̍h chú-koán ki-koan ê pó-hō͘, bô keng-kòe hí-khó, pau-koat só͘-iú-chiá chāi-lāi ê jīm-hô-lâng, lóng bē-tàng jīm-ì piàn-tōng kap siu-kái. Jû-kó in-ūi kiàn-tio̍k kang-têng khai-oé só͘ hoat-hiān ê kó͘-chek ia̍h khó-kó͘ ûi-chek, ūi-tio̍h pó-hō͘ le̍k-sú bûn-bu̍t, kang-têng thong-siông su-iàu má-siōng chiām-tēng.","meta":{"title":"Kó͘-chek","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,926,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1017}} -{"text":"Ibn Battuta\n**Ibn Battuta**, ia̍h ***Ibn Baṭūṭah*** (A-la-pek-bûn: محمد ابن بطوطة), choân-miâ ***ʾAbū ʿAbd al-Lāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Lāh l-Lawātī ṭ-Ṭanǧī ibn Baṭūṭah*** (1304 nî 2 goe̍h 25 ji̍t – 1369 nî  ia̍h 1368 nî; A-la-pek-bûn: أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبد الله اللواتي الطنجي بن بطوطة), Hàn-bûn hoan-e̍k chò **Pa-tô͘-thah** (巴圖塔) ia̍h **Pe̍k-tô͘-thài** (白圖泰), sī chi̍t ūi Morocco Muslim ha̍k-chiá kiam tiong-sè-kí sè-kài lí-hêng-ka. Tī 30 tang lāi, Battuta khì kòe kui-ê Muslim sè-kài kap chē-chē kî-thaⁿ só͘-chāi, pau-hâm Pak Hui, Hui-chiu Kak, Se Hui, Tiong Tang, Tiong A, Tang-lâm A, Lâm A kap Tiong-kok. I-ê iû-kì *Rihla* thê-kiong tiong-sè-kí sî-tāi sè-kài ê chē-chē kì-lio̍k.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 90635782\n* LCCN: n50082288\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2143 2476\n* GND: 118639765\n* SELIBR: 191293\n* SUDOC: 027719154\n* BNF: cb11908143b (data)\n* BIBSYS: 90533569\n* NLA: 35217547\n* NDL: 00444181\n* NKC: jn20011210248\n* BNE: XX1076718\n* CiNii: DA00926468\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ibn Battuta","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[232,853,0.2719812426729191],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1114}} -{"text":"\n\nMontenegro-lâng| |\n| |\n| Montenegro-lâng |\n| Chóng Jîn-kháu |\n| 500,000+ |\n| Hun-pò͘ Tē-khu |\n| \n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  Montenegro | 267,669 (2003-nî) | |\n|  Serbia | 69,049 (2002-nî) | |\n|  Í-tāi-lī | 50,000 (200?-nî) | |\n|  Bí-kok | 30,000 (2001-nî) | |\n|  Croatia | 4,926 (2001-nî) | |\n|  Pak Macedonia | 2,686 (2002-nî) | |\n|  Slovenia | 2,667 (2002-nî) | |\n|  Albania | 2,000-2,500 (2000-nî) | |\n\n |\n| Gí-giân |\n| O͘-soaⁿ-gí |\n| Chong-kàu Sìn-gióng |\n| Tang-chèng-kàu, Ki-tok-kàu |\n\n**Montenegro-lâng** (Crnogorci) sī Au-chiu bîn-cho̍k chi-it. Lâng-sò͘ iok gō͘-cha̍p-pueh bān-lâng (1981-nî thóng-kè sò͘-jī), chú-iàu hun-pò͘ tī Montenegro kah Serbia. Jîn-chióng sio̍k \"Au-chiu-Balkan\" hîng, to-sò͘ sìn-hōng Tang-chèng-kàu. Montenegro-lâng ê gí-giân kah Serbia-gí sio-kāng, Bûn-hoà hong-sio̍k iā-sī chhin-kīn. In sī kó͘-chá Slav-lâng ê āu-tāi.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nLi̍k-sú\n-------\n\nGí-giân\n-------\n\nBûn-hoà\n-------\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* O͘-soaⁿ-lâng","meta":{"title":"Montenegro-lâng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[351,778,0.45115681233933164],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1104}} -{"text":"**Tu̍t-piàn** (突變; Eng: *mutation*), he̍k-chiá **hoán-chéng**, tī seng-bu̍t-ha̍k siōng ê hâm-gī sī sè-pau lāi ê ûi-thoân ki-in hoat-seng ê kái-piàn. Hoat-seng seng-bu̍t tu̍t-piàn ê goân-in ū-khó-lêng sī sè-pau hun-lia̍t sî, ûi-thoân ki-in ê ho̍k-chè hoat-seng chhò-gō͘, ia̍h-sī siū-tio̍h hoà-ha̍k bu̍t-chit, ki-in to̍k-sèng, hok-siā ia̍h pēⁿ-to̍k téng-téng goā-chāi ê éng-hióng.\n\nTu̍t-piàn thong-siông ē tì-sú sè-pau ūn-chok bô-chèng-siông ia̍h sí-bông, sīm-chì tī khah ko-téng ê seng-bu̍t-thé thé-lāi ín-hoat gâm-chèng. Put-kò, tu̍t-piàn mā pī khoàⁿ-chò sī chìn-hoà ê thui-sak-la̍t, bô-lí-sióng ê tu̍t-piàn ē keng-iû chū-jiân soán-te̍k ê kòe-têng pī thai-tiāu, iú-lī ê tu̍t-piàn ē kè-sio̍k liû-thoân lo̍h-khì.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Petit, Jean-Michel; adapté par Arico, Sébastien (2013). *Mini Manuel de Génétique 3ème édition*. Paris: Dunod. ISBN 2-1007-0027-8. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)","meta":{"title":"Tu̍t-piàn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[162,894,0.18120805369127516],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1040}} -{"text":"Chopin ê siòng-phìⁿ kap chhiam-miâChopin's signature\n**Frédéric François Chopin** (Pho-lân-bûn: **Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin**; 1810 nî 3 goe̍h 1 ji̍t – 1849 nî 10 goe̍h 17 ji̍t) sī Pho-lân ê chok-khek-ka kiam kǹg-khîm-ka. I sī le̍k-sú siōng siōng ū éng-hióng-le̍k jî-chhiáⁿ iā siōng siū-tio̍h hoan-gêng ê kǹg-khîm chok-khek-ka chi-it; i tông-sî iā sī Pho-lân im-ga̍k le̍k-sú siōng chòe tiōng-iàu ê jîn-bu̍t chi-it. Chopin sī Au-chiu 19 sè-kí lōng-bān-phài im-ga̍k ê tāi-piáu jîn-bu̍t.\n\nChopin ê pē-bú hun-pia̍t sī Hoat-kok-lâng kap Pho-lân-lâng, i kò-jîn chiâⁿ-si̍t ê chhut-sì ji̍t-kî bo̍k-chêng iû-goân chûn-chāi cheng-gī. Chopin chū sè-hàn chiū chin kah-ì Pho-lân bîn-cho̍k im-ga̍k; i tī 7 hòe ê sî-chūn chiū chhòng-chok liáu Pho-lân bú-khek; 8 hòe sî teng-tâi ián-chhut; 20 hòe bô-kàu chiū í-keng chhut-miâ ah. Chopin tī 39 hòe chiū eng-liân chá-sē, i āu-pòaⁿ-sì-lâng chú-iàu tī Hoat-kok seng-oa̍h; tī hia, i chhòng-chok chhut chē-chē kǹg-khîm chok-phín; pí-lūn-kóng, 4 siú sū-sū-khek, 10-gōa siú Pho-lân bú-khek pau-koat *Kun-tūi* kap *Eng-hiông*, 26 siú kǹg-khîm khek-thâu pau-koat *Hō͘-tih*, 27 siú liān-si̍p-khek pau-koat *Lī-pia̍t* kap *Kek-bēng*, 4 pō͘ scherzo, 3 pō͘ kǹg-khîm sonata, chì-chió 22 siú nocturne kap 59 siú mazurka téng-téng. Chopin it-seng ê chhòng-chok chok-phín tōa-pòaⁿ lóng sī kǹg-khîm-khek, in-chhú pī lâng hō-chò **kǹg-khîm si-jîn**.","meta":{"title":"Frédéric Chopin","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1278,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1511}} -{"text":"**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán Tóng léng-tō ê to-tóng ha̍p-chok kap chèng-tī hia̍p-siong chè-tō͘**, kán-chheng **chèng-tī hia̍p-siong chè-tō͘** (政治協商制度), sī Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok hiān-hêng ê chèng-tóng chè-tō͘, í-ki̍p thui-sak ê ki-pún chèng-tī chè-tō͘ chi-it.\n\nKin-kì chit-ê chè-tō͘, Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán Tóng sī Tiong-kok ê ûi-it chip-chèng-tóng, peh ê bîn-chú tóng-phài tī chiap-siū Tiong-kiōng ê léng-tō hā, ū chham-chèng-tóng (參政黨) ê tē-ūi. Tiong-kiōng tùi bîn-chú tóng-phài chìn-hêng \"chèng-tī léng-tō\", chiū sī Tiong-kiōng thong-kòe chèng-tī hia̍p-siong ê hong-sek sòe-ho̍k bîn-chú tóng-phài tī chèng-tī goân-chek, chèng-tī hong-hiòng kap tiōng-tāi hong-chiam chèng-chhek siōng hām Tiong-kiōng pó-chhî it-tì. M̄-koh, Tiong-kiōng bē-sái bēng-lēng, kan-sia̍p he̍k-chiá khòng-chè bîn-chú tóng-phài, eng-tong pó-chèng bîn-chú tóng-phài ê cho͘-chit to̍k-li̍p kap hoat-lu̍t tē-ūi pêng-téng, bē-tàng kan-jiáu bîn-chú tóng-phài ê to̍k-li̍p-sèng kap ji̍t-siông sū-bū.","meta":{"title":"Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán Tóng léng-tō ê to-tóng ha̍p-chok kap chèng-tī hia̍p-siong chè-tō͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,995,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1121}} -{"text":"\n**Tiong-kok Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi** (中国中央电视台/CCTV), Tiong-kok kok-ka tiān-sī-tâi, 1958 nî 5 goeh 1 hō chhì pò· chiat-bo̍k, kāng-nî 9 ge̍h 2 hō chèng-sek khai-thong. Tiān-sī-tâi tú sêng-li̍p ê sî, miâ hō·-chò Pak-kiaⁿ Tiān-sī-tâi, chêng 1978 nî 5 ge̍h 1 hō, kóe miâ Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi, Eng-bûn kán-chheng sī **CCTV**, kàu-taⁿ í-keng hoat-tián chiâⁿ-chòe chi̍p-ha̍p tiān-sī, tiān-iáⁿ, khá-thong chè-chok, bāng-lō·, pò-chóa, sò·-ūi tiān-sī téng kok-chióng múi-thé kong-lêng chāi-lāi ê tōa-hêng sin-bûn gû-lio̍k ki-kò·, hêng-sêng mûi-thé soan-thôan, kóng-kó keng-êng kah sán-gia̍p thok-tián chit-khóan to-gôan-hòa keng-eng ê kiok-bīn. \n\nTiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi sī Tiong-kok siōng tiōng-iàu ê sin-bûn gû-lio̍k ki-kò·, sī chi̍p-chèng-tóng kah chèng-hú siāng tiōng-iàu ê soan-thôan bú-khì, i tī chôan-kok jîn-bîn tang-tiong ê tē-ūi mā sī bô lâng pí-ē-tio̍h. Tiong-kok-lâng thàu-té thong-kòe Tiong-iong-tâi liáu-kài gōa-khàu ê sè-kài, ah sè-kài óan-á chia̍p-chia̍p keng-kòe Tiong-iong-tâi teh se̍k-sāi Tiong-kok.\n\nChiat-bo̍k pîn-tō kán-kài\n-------------------------\n\nTiong-kok chêng kái-kek khai-hòng liáu-āu, Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi to̍h hoat-tián kài kín, piàn-hòa kài chia̍p. Bo̍k-chiân, Tiong-iong-tâi lóng-chóng khai-pān 15 thò ê tiān-sī chiat-bo̍k, kū-thé pau-koah: **sin-bûn-tâi, chong-ha̍p-tâi, keng-chè-tâi, chong-gē-tâi, kok-chè pîn-tō, thé-io̍k-tâi, lông-giap kun-sū tâi, tiān-sī-kio̍k pîn-tō, Eng-gú-tâi, kho-kàu-tâi, hì-khio̍k pîn-tō, se-pō· pîn-tō, siáu-jî pîn-tō, im-ga̍k-tāi** téng-téng, i ê lāi-iông chha-put-to í-keng hok-khàm Tiong-kok siā-hōe seng-o̍ah ê kok-ê léng-he̍k. Chôan-pō· tiān-sī chiat-bo̍k lóng-chóng tit-beh 400 tòng, múi kang hòng-sàng ê sî-kan chhiau-kòe 270 tiám-cheng, kî-tiong sio̍k-î kā-kī chè-chok ê chiat-bo̍k liōng-kî-iok-á chiàm 7-siâⁿ-pòaⁿ. Tiong-iong-tāi chú-iàu ê sī sú-iōng Tiong-bûn (Hôa-gí), sòa--lâi sī Eng-gú, che í-gōa, óan-á ū chió-sò· ê Hoat-gú, Se-pan-gâ-gú, Bân-lâm-gú kah Kńg-tang-ōe ê chiat-bo̍k. Tiong-iong-tâi tī Tiong-kok Tāi-liok ê jîn-khàu hok-khàm-lu̍t ta̍t-kàu 90%, koan-chiòng lâng-sò· chhiau-kòe 11-ek. Kî-tiông, tē-4-tâi sī Tiong-bûn kok-chè pîn-tō, tē-9-tâi sī Eng-gú pîn-tō. Chit 2 tâi tiān-sī chiat-bo̍k thong-kòe ōe-chheⁿ thôan-sàng ê ki-su̍t, ē-tàng hok-khàm chôan sè-kài.\n\nHoat-siā ki-su̍t\n----------------\n\nTiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi sin-hō hoat-siā siat-pī taⁿ i-keng kū-pī siong-tong ê kui-bô·, hoat-siā ê ki-su̍t mā í-keng ta̍t-kàu sè-kài sian-chìn chúi-pêng. Î-tōng tē-bīn ōe-chheⁿ he-thióng (DSNG) ū hoat-tō· sûi-sî chiam-tùi tiōng-tōa sin-bûn sū-kiāⁿ chò hiān-tiûⁿ ti̍t-pò·. Chiat-bo̍k chè-chok, sìn-hō· thôan-sàng, ōe-chheⁿ chóan-hoat, sin-bûn hôe-sàng, chôan-pō· lóng-chóng si̍t-hiān sò·-jī-hòa; to-mûi-thé-bāng(多媒体联网) hē-thóng, ū-kóa-á í-keng si̍t-hiān chu-gôan kiōng-hiáng, chho·-pō· hêng-sêng pān-kong chū-tōng-hòa kah tì-lêng-hòa ê kóan-lí thé-hē.\n\nki-kò·\n------\n\nTiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi bo̍k-chiân sī kok-ka hù-pō·-kip ê hêng-chèng tan-ūi, lāi-pō· siat 15 ê kho-sek, ôan-kang tit-beh chiâⁿ-bān lâng. Tit-sio̍k tan-ūi(直属单位) pau-koah **Tiong-kok Tiān-sī-kio̍k Chè-chok Tiong-sim**, **Tiong-iong Sin-bûn-kí-lio̍k Tiān-iáⁿ Chè-pìⁿ-chhiúⁿ**, **Pak-kiaⁿ Kho-hak kàu-iok Tiān-iáⁿ Chè-pìⁿ-chhiúⁿ** téng-téng. \n\n**Iong-sī Kok-chè Bāng-lo̍k** sī Tiong-kok 6 tōa sin-bûn bāng-chām chi-it. \n\n**Tiong-kok Tiān-sī-pò** pêng-kin ê hoat-hêng-liōng chhiau-kòe 300-bān hūn, chôan-kok pâi tē-it. \n\n**Tiān-sī Gián-kiù** sī chôan-kok tē-it pún kong-khai chhut-pán ê tiān-sī choan-gia̍p lí-lūn khan-bu̍t. \n\nIû Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi to̍k-chu keng-êng ê **Tiong-kok Kok-chè Tiān-sī Chóng-kong-si** chú-iàu sī chè-chok kah hoat-hêng tiān-sī chiat-bo̍k, kiam chò tiān-sī ki-su̍t ho̍k-bū, tiāu-cha chu-sûn, kóng-kò tāi-lí ê gia̍p-bū, sī kok-lāi sia̍p-ki̍p si̍t-gia̍p tâu-chu kah chu-pún ūn-chok ê chhiau-tōa-hêng chip-thôan kong-si; sī keng-kòe Kok-bū-īⁿ phoe-chún--ê, ûi-it ē-tàng keng-êng tiān-sī chiat-bo̍k pán-kôan kok-chè kau-e̍k ê kong-si. **Tiong-kok Kok-chè Tiān-sī Chóng-kong-si** bo̍k-chiân í-keng kiàn-li̍p 1-ê hok-khàm chôan-kiû 36-ê kok-ka, kóan-ha̍t 145 keng chú-kong-si ê chiat-bo̍k êng-siau bāng-lo̍k, tī Kang-so·-séng Bû-sek-chhī, Kńg-tang-séng Lâm-hái-chhī, Soaⁿ-tang-séng Ui-hái-chhī, Hô-pak-séng Tok-chiu-chhī (涿州市) téng só·-chāi khí kúi-nā-chō bô-kāng kiàn-tiok kui-bô· ê iáⁿ-sī-siâⁿ.\n\nChâi-sán\n--------\n\nKàu 2000 nî nî-bóe, **Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi** chéng-kô ki-kò· ê kò·-tēng chu-sán chóng kim-gia̍h ta̍t-kàu 54-ek kho· Jîn-bîn-pē. Ah 2001 nî chôan-nî ê siu-ji̍p chhiau-kòe 60-ek kho· Jîn-bîn-pē, tī chôan-kok kok sin-bûn mûi-thé tang-tiong pâi tē-it.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Iong-sī Kok-chè Bāng-lo̍k\n\n1. ↑ \"Ownership and control of Chinese media\". 14 June 2021. goân-loē-iông tī 30 July 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. 30 July 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter `|url-status=` ignored (help)","meta":{"title":"Tiong-kok Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[719,5216,0.13784509202453987],"infobox":["
    China Central Television
    \n
    \n
    Type\nState media
    Country\n
    China
    First air date
    		\n1 May 1958 nî;​ 64 nî í-chêng​ (1958)
    Founded\nBeijing
    Headquarters\nCCTV Headquarters, Beijing, People's Republic of China
    Broadcast area
    		\nWorldwide
    Owner\n\"\" Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party
    Parent\n\"Flag China Media Group
    (Government of the People's Republic of China)
    Former names
    		\nBeijing Television
    \n25
    \n19
    Callsigns\nVoice of China (external)
    Affiliation(s)\nChina Global Television Network
    Official website
    		\ncctv.com
    Subsidiary\nChina International Television Corporation
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5405}} -{"text":"**Kok-ka Ōe-seng Gián-kiù-īⁿ** (國家衛生研究院), kán-chheng **Kok-ōe-īⁿ** (國衛院) ia̍h **Kok-ka Ōe-seng-īⁿ** (國家衛生院), sī Tâi-oân ê i-io̍h kap ōe-seng gián-kiù ki-koan, sio̍k kong-siat ê châi-thoân hoat-jîn. Tī Biâu-le̍k-koān Tek-lâm-tìn, sio̍k-î Sin-tek Kho-ha̍k Hn̂g-khu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Siāng-chá ê sêng-li̍p kò͘-sióng sī tī 1988 nî, 1996 nî kin-kì *Châi-thoân Hoat-jîn Kok-ka Ōe-seng Gián-kiù-īⁿ Siat-tì Tiâu-lē* (財團法人國家衛生研究院設置條例) chèng-sek sêng-li̍p. Chhòng-li̍p ki-kim lâi-chū chèng-hú koan-chō͘, ta̍k-nî ūn-chok ê chú-iàu keng-hùi mā lâi-chū chèng-hú (Ōe-hok-pō͘).\n\nKok-ōe-īⁿ chú-iàu gián-kiù ê tùi-siòng sī i-ha̍k, io̍h-bu̍t, ōe-seng ia̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ sèⁿ-miā kho-ha̍k léng-he̍k, í-ki̍p siong-koan ê ki-su̍t, pí-lūn e̍k-biâu gián-hoat. Tû-liáu gián-kiù í-gōa, mā thê-kiong chi̍t-kóa gián-kiù chu-goân, chhin-chhiūⁿ sè-pau-khò͘, Choân-bîn Kiān-pó chu-liāu-khò͘ kap ta̍k-nî chéng-ha̍p-hêng i-io̍h ōe-seng gián-kiù kè-ōe keng-hùi ê pó͘-chō͘, ia̍h-sī chìn-hêng i-ha̍k choan-kho jîn-châi ê hùn-liān. Gián-kiù-īⁿ hù-siat liáu chi̍t chō cGMP seng-bu̍t chè-che-chhiúⁿ, hū-chek e̍k-biâu gián-kiù kap e̍k-biâu sêng-kó kap sán-gia̍p-kài tōa-liōng ê hâm-chiap.","meta":{"title":"Kok-ka Ōe-seng Gián-kiù-īⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1193,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1346}} -{"text":"Ji̍t-pún Jîn-lūi-ha̍k-chiá Torii Ryuzo ( Hàn-jī: 鳥居龍藏) tī 1896-nî khì-kàu Tâi-tang Puyuma ûi-chí, kā chit-ê go̍eh-niû khóan-sì ê chio̍h-thiāu hip-siòng. Chit-ê chio̍h-thiāu tī Puyuma bûn-hòa ê kin-thâu ū chiâⁿ-tōa ê ì-gī.\n**Puyuma-cho̍k** sī Tâi-ôan ê 1-ê gôan-chū-bîn-cho̍k. In khiā tī Tiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng ê tang-pêng, Pi-lâm-khe ( 卑南溪 ) lâm-pêng ê hái-hōaⁿ só·-chāi, iā-tō-sī Tâi-tang-chhiòng-kok ( 台東縱谷 ) ê pêⁿ-iûⁿ lâm-pō· téng-kôan.\n\nNā chiàu jîn-kháu lâi-khòaⁿ, hiān-chhú-sî Tâi-tang-chhī ( 台東市 ) Puyuma-cho̍k-lâng pí-lē siōng-kôan, koh lâi chiah-sī Pi-lâm-hiong ( 卑南鄉 ). Kàu 2003-nî ê thóng-kè, Puyuma-cho̍k lóng-chóng ū 9,000-gōa-lâng.\n\nKhiā-khí ê khu-he̍k\n-------------------\n\nPuyuma-cho̍k-lâng tōa-hūn tòa tī Tâi-tang-kōan Pi-lâm-hiong, lóng-chóng hun-chò 8-ê siā, chit 8-ê siā tī chit-má ê hêng-chèng khu-he̍k lâi kóng, pau-koat Ti-pún-chhun ( 知本村 ), Kiàn-hô-chhun ( 建和村 ), Lī-ka-chhun ( 利嘉村 ), Thài-an-chhun ( 泰安村 ), Pin-nn̂g-chhun ( 檳榔村 ), Bí-lông-chhun ( 美農村 ), Chho·-lo̍k-chhun ( 初鹿村 ), Lâm-ông-chhun ( 南王村 ), Un-chôaⁿ-chhun ( 溫泉村 ). Khah-chá hông hō-chò Pat-siā-hoan ( 八社番 ).\n\nNā àn kin-thâu ê thôan-soeh, téng-bīn chiah-ê só·-chāi thang hun-chò 2-ê hē-thóng:\n\n* **Chio̍h-thâu kin-thâu** ê **Ti-pún** ( 知本 ) hē-thóng:\n\nKin-thâu ê só·-chāi sī **Ruvoahan**, chit-ê hē-thóng ū Ti-pún ( 知本 ), Kiàn-hô ( 建和 ), Lī-ka ( 利嘉 ), Chho·-lo̍k ( 初鹿 ), kap Thài-an ( 泰安 ).\n* **Tek-á kin-thâu** ê **Lâm-ông** ( 南王 ) hē-thóng:\n\nKin-thâu ê só·-chāi sī **Panapanayan**, chit-ê hē-thóng ū Lâm-ông ( 南王 ), Pin-nn̂g ( 檳榔 ), kap Pó-sng ( 寶桑 ).\n\nBú-hē-siā-hōe ê thôan-thóng\n---------------------------\n\nPuyuma-cho̍k kap Amis-cho̍k kāng-khóan, sī Bú-hē-siā-hōe, só·-í thôan-thóng ê Puyuma siā-hōe ū ē-kha chiah-ê hiān-siōng:\n\n* Hun-in gôan-chek-siōng sī cha-po· hō· lâng chio.\n\n* Sī-cho̍k ( 氏族 ) ê jī-sèⁿ sī cha-bó·-lâng kè-sêng.\n\n* Châi-sán sī ùi a-bú thôan hō· cha-bó-kiáⁿ.\n\n* Chè-sū ê kôan ê kóng-lí kap chek-jīm mā-sī hō· bó-chhin chit-pêng ê cha-bó-lâng lâi sêng-sio̍k.\n\nChóng--sī chit-khóan hong-sio̍k in-ūi sî-tāi kái-î mā liâu-liâu-á teh piàn, the̍h kè-chhōa chò lē, chit-má tōa-hūn sī tòe ang-sài khiā ê pē-hē-siā-hōe hun-in thé-chè. Gín-á ê sèⁿ mā sī tòe lāu-pē--ê khah-chē, ū ê ka-têng sī chi̍t-pòaⁿ tòe a-bú, chi̍t-pòaⁿ tòe lāu-pē.\n\n3-pái tńg-tōa-lâng ê lé\n-----------------------\n\nPuyuma-cho̍k ê cha-po·-gín-á ū 3-pái tńg-tōa-lâng ê lé:\n\n* **mangamangayau**\n\nJi̍p-khì lâng-thûn-á hōe-só· tio̍h chò mangamangayau, chú-iàu ê o̍ah-tōng sī hō· sin ji̍p-hōe ê lâng-thûn-á gia̍h chhiuⁿ tu̍h láng-á lāi-té ê kâu-san. Chit-má í-keng ēng chháu-á chò ê kâu-san lâi thè. Chit-ê chè-lé, Hàn-jîn kā hō-chò kâu-chè.\n* **mangayau**\n\nKa-ji̍p siàu-liân-lâng hōe-só· tio̍h chò mangayau. Ū chi̍t-tōa-tīn lâng ē chò-hóe khì phah-la̍h, koh ū sin hōe-ôan ōaⁿ tháng-kûn kap cháu-pio ê pí-sài.\n* **chhut-gia̍p ê lé**\n\nChit-ê lé mā-sī ēng mangayau ê lé lâi chò. Nā lâng-thûn-á hōe-só· ē ke ē-kha chiah-ê o̍ah-tōng, pîn-thâu lâi pān:\n* Siu chè-lé ê chek-á\n* Phah-la̍h\n* Thâi kâu-san ê chè-lé\n* Kiû hó-siu-sêng ê chè-lé\n* Thiàu-bú\n* Phah-la̍h\n\nNā siàu-liân-lâng seng 1-kip ê lé, ū:\n* Chè-lé ê ji̍t ê hōe-gī\n* Ēng chiáu-á pok-kòa\n* Kā la-sâm piáⁿ-cháu, kiû hó-nî-tang\n* Ōaⁿ sin kûn\n* Kóaⁿ kúi\n* Hái-kîⁿ-á cháu-pio\n\nSiā-hōe kap bûn-hòa\n-------------------\n\n* **Sparta khóan-sek ê hōe-só· hùn-liān**\n\nCha-po·-lâng chò lâng-thûn-á kap siàu-liân-lâng ê sî tio̍h siū chin giâm-keh ê kàu-io̍k hùn-liān, thong-kòe chit-ê kai-tōaⁿ liáu-āu chiah ē-sái kiat-hun.\n* **Chhut-kioh ê chhiah-hoe kang-gē**\n\nSi̍p-jī khóan-sek ê chhiah-hoe siōng chia̍p khòaⁿ-tio̍h. Lēng-gōa chhiah lâng ê hêng teh thiàu-bú sī Puyuma-cho̍k chiah ū ê hoe-jī.\n* **Hoe-khôan**\n\nSui-bóng m̄-sī kan-taⁿ Puyuma-cho̍k tì hoe-khôan, m̄-koh in ê hoe-khôan khóan-sek lóng chin sio-siâng, hoe-khôan koh ū cha-po·-gín-á chiūⁿ-teng ê ì-sù, che sī pa̍t-ê cho̍k-kûn bô--ê.\n* **Kōng-thâu sî-kiâⁿ**\n\nKhah-chá Puyuma-cho̍k chiâⁿ sî-kiâⁿ pàng-kōng, pa̍t-ê cho̍k-kûn lóng kiaⁿ kah beh hāi. Kōng-thâu ū hun-chò pe̍h-khiò kap o·-khiò, pe̍h-khiò thè lâng i-pēⁿ, nā o·-khiò sī chò-khiò kā lâng hāi.\nHiān-chhú-sî Puyuma 8-ê siā iáu-koh ū kúi-ā-ê ang-î kap tâng-ki, kan-taⁿ Lâm-ông 1-ūi tō ū 20-gōa-ê. In m̄-nā hū-chek pō·-lo̍k ê chè-lé, mā thè cho̍k-lâng kiû-hok chok-chhái.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hêng-chèng-īⁿ ū sêng-jīm | Amis-cho̍k (Pangcah)   Tayal-cho̍k   Bunun-cho̍k   Kanakanavu-cho̍k   Kavalan-cho̍k   Paiwan-cho̍k   Puyuma-cho̍k   Rukai-cho̍k   Saaroa-cho̍k   Sakizaya-cho̍k   Saisiyat-cho̍k   Seediq-cho̍k   Tao-cho̍k   Thao-cho̍k   Truku-cho̍k   Tsou-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Tē-hng ū sêng-jīm | Makatao-cho̍k (Pîn-tong-koān)   Siraya-cho̍k (Tâi-lâm-chhī)   Taivuan-cho̍k (Hoa-liân-koān Hù-lí-hiong) |\n| |\n| Koaⁿ-hong bô sêng-jīm | Babuza-cho̍k   Basay-cho̍k   Hoanya-cho̍k   Kaxabu-cho̍k   Ketagalan-cho̍k   Kulon-cho̍k   Luilang-cho̍k   Papora-cho̍k   Pazeh-cho̍k   Qauqaut-cho̍k   Taokas-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ hun-lūi | Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k   Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k   Formosa-lâng |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Puyuma-cho̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1340,4670,0.28693790149892934],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5785}} -{"text":"United States Supreme Court casePang-bô͘:SHORTDESC:United States Supreme Court case \n**California ti̍k-hú king-îng-suè uí-uân-huē soo Hyatt àn (2019)** (Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt (short: Franchise Tax Bd. of Cal. v. Hyatt or Hyatt III)), 587 U.S. \\_\\_\\_ (2019), sī Bí-kok tsuè-ko huat-īnn ê tsi̍t-ê àn-kiānn, tsit-ê àn-kiānn khak-tīng tû-hui in tông-ì, kok-ka hiáng-iú tsú-kuân hat-bián-kuân, ē-tàng bián-tû teh līng-guā tsi̍t-ê tsiu ê huat-īnn tuì-in thê-khí su-jîn ê sòo-siōng. Tsit-ê 5 pí 4 ê kuat-tīng thui-huan 1979-nî tsuè-ko huat-īnn àn-kiānn tang-tiong khak-li̍p ê sian-lē, tsik sī Nevada sòo Hall àn [en] (Nevada v. Hall). Tse sī sòo-siōng tong-sū-jîn tē-3 pái hiòng huat-īnn the̍h-kau àn-kiānn, in-uī huat-īnn í-king tī 2003-nî hām 2016-nî tō tuì tsit-ê būn-tê tsò-tshut tshâi-kuat.\n\nTsit-ê tshâi-kuat kiat-sok Hyatt hām California tsi-kan iú-kuan Hyatt sia̍p-hiâm suè-bū khi-tsà ê tn̂g-kî suè-bū kiù-hun. Hyatt it-ti̍t teh tsit-gî California ti̍k-hú king-îng suè-bū uí-guân-huē (\"FTB\") uì 1993-nî í-lâi thong-kuè huat-tîng hām hîng-tsìng sòo-siōng iau-kiû Hyatt tsi-hù ê suè-bū tsà-khi tshú-hua̍t. Iû-î tsuè-ko huat-īnn ê tshâi-kuat, Hyatt hông iau-kiû tsi-hù i sóo sán-sing ê sóo-ū ê huat-lu̍t huì-iōng, lî-tshiánn pīng-bô siu--tio̍h tsiam-tuì FTB ê phuànn-kuat. Teh tsit-ê àn-kiānn tíng-kuân, Clarence Thomas tāi-huat-kuann án-ne siá: \"Tuì huat-bîng-lâng lâi-kóng, hiō-kó tio̍h-sī i tio̍h-beh sún-sit 20-nî ê sòo-siōng huì-iōng, pīng in-uī i-ê ok-lua̍t ê hîng-uî jî-lâi tuì táng-sū-huē tsò-tshut tsue-tsiong ê phuànn-kuat……tsia--ê kū-thé àn-kiānn ê huì-iōng sī sio̍k-ú ē-lâi suè-ho̍k lán kian-tshî í tshò-ngōo hong-sik lâi kái-kuat tiōng-iàu hiàn-huat būn-tê ê i-lāi lī-ik\".\n\nTshî huán-tuì ì-kiàn ê Stephen Breyer [en] tāi-huat-kuann kíng-kò kóng, tuā-to-sòo ê lâng guān-ì thui-huan sian-lē; i kóng: \"Thui-huan tshiūnn Hall tsi̍t-khuànn ê ha̍p-lí kuat-tīng……ē tì-sú kong-tsiòng lú-lâi lú bô khak-tīng huat-īnn tio̍h-beh hóo-tīng tá tsi̍t-kuá-á àn-kiānn, í-ki̍p tá tsi̍t-kuá-á àn-kiānn tio̍h ū huat-tōo kè-sio̍k tsûn-tsāi\", pīng-í Planned Parenthood sòo Casey àn (Planned Parenthood v. Casey) uî-lē, tse sī tsi̍t-ê huat-sing tī 1992-nî ê àn-kiānn; khak-jīn kū-iú lí-thîng-pi ì-gī ê tuī-thai-kuân ê àn-kiānn Roe sòo Wade àn (Roe v. Wade). Iû-ú tsit-hāng tshâi-kuat, Gilbert Hyatt pīng-bô uì California hi̍k-tit 100,000 bí-kim ê puê-siông-kim. Sui-bóng Nevada tsiu ê puê-sím-thuân siōng-thâu-áphuànn hōo i 3.89 ik bí-kim ê puê-siông-kim, m̄-kù Nevada tsiu tsuè-ko huat-īnn hām Bí-kok tsuè-ko huat-īnn ê tshâi-kuat kā puê-siông-kim kiám-kàu 10 bān [en]-khoo bí-kim.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Leading Case, Franchise Tax Board v. Hyatt, 133 Harv. L. Rev. 362, 362 (Nov. 8, 2019). (Eng-gí)\n\nÊn-sin ua̍t-to̍k\n----------------\n\n* List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 587 (Eng-gí)\n* Hans v. Louisiana, a decision which re-affirmed state immunity in federal courts (Eng-gí)\n* Janus v. AFSCME (2018), a case in which the liberal minority of the Supreme Court questioned the willingness of the conservative majority of the Supreme Court to ignore long-standing precedent and to overturn past rulings/to overrule precedent (Eng-gí)\n* Knick v. Township of Scott, Pennsylvania (2019), another case in which the liberal minority of the Supreme Court questioned the willingness of the conservative majority of the Supreme Court to ignore long-standing precedent and to overturn past rulings/to overrule precedents (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 587\n* Hans v. Louisiana, a decision which re-affirmed state immunity in federal courts\n* Janus v. AFSCME (2018), a case in which the liberal minority of the Supreme Court questioned the willingness of the conservative majority of the Supreme Court to ignore long-standing precedent and to overturn past rulings/to overrule precedent\n* Knick v. Township of Scott, Pennsylvania (2019), another case in which the liberal minority of the Supreme Court questioned the willingness of the conservative majority of the Supreme Court to ignore long-standing precedent and to overturn past rulings/to overrule precedents\n* Nevada sòo Hall àn [en] (Nevada v. Hall)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Text of *Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt*, 587 U.S. \\_\\_\\_ (2019) is available from: Justia  Oyez (oral argument audio)  Supreme Court (slip opinion)  (Eng-gí)\n\ntemplate:US11thAmendment [en]","meta":{"title":"California te̍k-hú keng-êng-sòe úi-oân-hōe sò͘ Hyatt àn (2019)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2178,4790,0.45469728601252607],"infobox":["
    California te̍k-hú keng-êng-sòe úi-oân-hōe sò͘ Hyatt àn (2019)
    \n\"Seal
    Argued January 9, 2019
    Decided May 13, 2019
    Full case name\nFranchise Tax Board of California, Petitioner v. Gilbert P. Hyatt
    Citations\n587 U.S. ___ (more)
    139 S. Ct. 1485
    203 L. Ed. 2d 768
    Argument\nOral argument
    Decision\nOpinion
    Case history
    Prior\n
    • 538 U.S. 488 (2003) \n
    • 335 P.3d 125 (2014) \n
    • 578 U.S. ___,Pang-bô͘:Indent136 S. Ct. 1277 (2016) \n
    • 407 P. 3d 717 (2017) \n
    Holding
    \nStates have sovereign immunity from private suits against them in courts of other states without their consent. Judgement of the Nevada Supreme Court reversed and remanded.
    Court membership
    Case opinions
    Majority\nThomas, joined by Roberts, Alito, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh
    Dissent\nBreyer, joined by Ginsburg, Sotomayor, Kagan
    Laws applied
    \nU.S. Const. Amend. XI
    \n
    This case overturned a previous ruling or rulings
    \nNevada sòo Hall àn [en] (1979)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4738}} -{"text":"Carl Ludwig Blume ê tù-chok *Collection des Orchidées les plus remarquables de l'archipel Indien et du Japon* chheh-poê\n**Carl Ludwig Blume** (1789 nî 6 goe̍h 29 - 1862 nî 2 goe̍h 3), Tek-kok/Kē-tē-kok ê si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka. Chhut-sì tī Tek-kok Braunschweig, m̄-koh i ê choan-gia̍p seng-gâi chú-iàu tī Kē-tē-kok. Tī Leiden i tam-jīm Kok-ka Si̍t-bu̍t Piau-pún Koán (Rijksherbarium Herbarium) ê chú-jīm. I ê miâ ū-sî toè Kē-tē-gí ê hêng-sek siá chò **Karel Lodewijk Blume**; chóng--sī chū-pún ê Tek-gí miâ siōng chia̍p chhut-hiān tī si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k bûn-hiàn tang-tiong.\n\nI gián-kiù chē-chē Lâm-a (Tang-lâm-a?) ê si̍t-bu̍t chéng, te̍k-pia̍t sī tī Java (Kē-tē-kok si̍t-bîn-tē) hit-tah-á.\n\n*Blumea* chit ê si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k ha̍k-su̍t kî-khan hō i ê miâ.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 8133425\n* LCCN: nr00032217\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 6316 8661\n* GND: 116208228\n* SELIBR: 236715\n* BPN: 27951182\n* NLA: 40412779\n* Si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka: Blume\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Carl Ludwig Blume","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[161,861,0.18699186991869918],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1095}} -{"text":"\n**Bęsia** sī chi̍t ê tī Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok Warmia-Masuria Séng Olsztyn Kūn Kolno Kong-siā ê chng-thâu.\n\nChham-oa̍t\n----------\n\n* Pho-lân ê chng-thâu\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)\" (ēng Pho-lân-gí). 2008-06-01.\n\nBęsio ojczyzno moja ty jesteś jak zdrowie!\n\nJak stara lilia na morzu\n\nJak stara łódka pana Henryka\n\nJak stary żagiel w sumie też pana Henryka\n\nJak stary liść w kiblu NIESPUSZCZONY!!!!!!!\n\nJak na drzwiach kartki z ocenami \n\nJak zostawienie w środku karty do drzwi\n\nJak opozycjonista ruski \n\nJak ruch Antifa\n\nJak dzieci chodzące po dachu i śmiejące się z wychowawców\n\nJak zakaz energetyków\n\nJak normalny inaczej smok ziejący ogniem\n\nJak brud, pył, syf, kiła i mogiła\n\nJak prażące Słońce\n\nJak butelka w jeziorze Bęsia\n\nJa lubie Jędrka i Morawieckiego\n\nJak gęś na wodzie\n\nJak Jędrek\n\nJak Artur\n\nJak polo\n\nchuj w dupe kadrom ~~no i nam~~ By sie (bęsie) i nice <3\n\nJak Maja\n\nJak słoneczko\n\njak Słońce w nocy\n\nJak Apap dzień na noc\n\nJak piosenka \"Nie Umieraj Dżdżownico\"\n\nJak scam\n\nJak wredna pani kierownik\n\nJak surowe kary\n\nJak siren head\n\nJak gówniana karta, która nie otwiera drzwi \n\nJak stary pomościk z azbestu\n\nJak głupie dziecie co je kanapkę z szynką i dżemem \n\nJak UwU\n\nJak ashuiasuiasa!@W\\*SDK\n\nJak Starlinki na niebie\n\nJak stary twój stary\n\njak zasady\n\nJak Jan Paweł II\n\nJak Tusk\n\nJak plemnik\n\nJak Ekipa Friza\n\nJak diss\n\nJak\nDziś ostatni dzień koloni naszej\nNigdy nie widziałem grupy lepszej niż waszej\nPan Patryk zajęcia z lego prowadzi\nA pan Mikołaj w budowie dobrze radzi,\nPan Henryk lubi żeglarstwo\nNatomiast Pani Ola woli malarstwo\nPan Robert nauczył nas grać na gitarze\nA pan Rafał nazwał nas: młodzi wędkarze\nPani Karolina poprowadziła nas na tropie przygody\nA pani Marcelina nauczyła nas jak rozróżniać jagody\nPani maja w boxie każdego porobi,\nPan Radek zdjęcie nam zrobi\nZa wszystkim patrzy pani kierownik\nJest dla nas jak wspólny ratownik,\nniestety to koniec.... to koniec koloni naszych \nDziękuje za troskę serc waszych.\n\nJak twoja mama\n\nJak szmata w achterpiku na łódce pana Henryka\n\nJak stare mleko Marcela rozlane\n\nJak Pana mikołaja szafka z telefonami\n\nJak stary Lewiatan na uboczu drogi z spleśniałymi czipsami i tanim alkoholem\n\nJak stare węzły na morzu\n\nJak penis 14 cm\n\njak TikTok\n\njak seks bez przymusu przed 15 rokiem życia\n\nJak Among Us\n\nJak wikipedia\n\nJak MS Paint\n\njak policja\n\nJak emo\n\nJak Bydgoszcz\n\nBęsia jest WSZYSTKIM!!!","meta":{"title":"Bęsia","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[356,2233,0.1594267801164353],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Bęsia
    —  Chng-thâu  —
    \n
    \"Bęsia
    \"Bęsia\"
    Bęsia
    \n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 53°56′51″N 20°59′53″E / 53.94750°N 20.99806°E / 53.94750; 20.99806
    Kok-ka\n\"\" Pho-lân\n
    Séng\nWarmia-Masuria\n
    Kūn\nOlsztyn\n
    Kong-siā\nKolno\n
    Sî-khuCET (UTC+1)\n\t
     - Jo̍at--lângCEST (UTC+2)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2519}} -{"text":" \n\n\n| 2006 nî |\n| --- |\n| 1 goe̍h · 2 goe̍h · 3 goe̍h · 4 goe̍h · 5 goe̍h · 6 goe̍h · 7 goe̍h · 8 goe̍h · 9 goe̍h · 10 goe̍h · 11 goe̍h · 12 goe̍h |\n\n10 goe̍h 16\n-----------\n\n* Bí-kok kap Lō͘-se-a ê kho-ha̍k-ka chhoē tio̍h siāng tāng ê hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘ Uuo, goân-chú-hoan 118. 2002 nî bat ū ké-paû ê hoat-hiān, chit pái ū keng-koè khah giân-keh ê khak-jīn. (Reuters)\n\n10 goe̍h 13\n-----------\n\n2006 nî ê Nobel Hô-pêng Chióng pan hō͘ Bangladesh ê Muhammad Yunus kap i hoat-khí ê Grameen Gîn-hâng, in-ūi \"in chhut-la̍t ùi ē-kha-chân khí-chō keng-chè kap siā-hoē khai-hoat\". (Nobel Ki-kim-hoē)\n\n10 goe̍h 9\n----------\n\nGoogle kong-si tng teh hām soàⁿ-téng iáⁿ-phìⁿ bāng-chām YouTube tâm bé-siu, khó-lêng ē ēng kè-ta̍t 16.5-ek bí-kim ê Google kó͘-phiò kā YouTube bé--lo̍h-lâi. Nā kóng-liáu hó-sè, hoān-sè kin-á-ji̍t tō ē kò͘-pe̍h. (WSJ)\n\n10 goe̍h 5\n----------\n\n* Thian-bûn-ha̍k-ka hoat-hiān 1 khoán sin ê thài-iông-hē-goā he̍k-chheⁿ (extrasolar planet) hō chò ke̍k-té-chiu-kî he̍k-chheⁿ (ultra-short-period planet). (BBC)\n\n10 goe̍h 4\n----------\n\n2006 nî ê Nobel Hoà-ha̍k Chióng pan hō͘ Bí-kok Stanford Tāi-ha̍k ê Roger D. Kornberg. I gián-kiù chin-he̍k sè-pau tī hun-chú chân-chhù ê choán-lio̍k (*transcription*) thêng-sū. (Nobel Ki-kim-hoē)\n\n10 goe̍h 3\n----------\n\n2006 nî ê Nobel Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k Chióng pan hō͘ Bí-kok ê John C. Mather kap George F. Smoot. In \"hoat-hiān ú-tiū bî-pho poē-kéng hok-siā (*cosmic microwave background radiation*) ê o͘-thé (*black body*) hêng-sek kap i ê *anisotropy*\". (Nobel Ki-kim-hoē)\n\n10 goe̍h 2\n----------\n\n2006 nî ê Nobel Seng-lí-ha̍k I-ha̍k Chióng pan hō͘ Andrew Z. Fire kap Craig C. Mello 2 lâng. In \"hoat-hiān RNA kan-jiáu (*interference*): siang-tiâu RNA [ē-tàng] kā gene (ki-in) kuiⁿ-tiāu\". (Nobel Ki-kim-hoē)","meta":{"title":"2006 nî 10 goe̍h","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[456,1536,0.296875],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1929}} -{"text":"**Tiong-kok Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi Chhun-cheh Liân-hoan Boán-hōe** (中國中央電視台春節聯歡晚會), kán-chheng **Iong-sī Chhun-boán** (央視春晚), sī Tiong-kok Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi ūi-tio̍h beh khèng-chiok kū-le̍k sin-nî, ùi 1983 nî khí tī ta̍k-nî ê jī-káu-mê ám-sî kí-pān ê tiān-sī chong-ha̍p boán-hōe. Tiong-kok Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi, Tiong-iong Jîn-bîn Kóng-pò͘ Tiān-tâi, Tiong-kok Kok-chè Kóng-pò͘ Tiān-tâi kap kî-thaⁿ choa̍t tōa pō͘-hūn ê Tiong-kok tē-hng tiān-sī-tâi lóng ē hiān-tiûⁿ hòng-sàng chit-ê boán-hōe. Iong-sī Chhun-boán sī Tiong-kok koan-chù-tō͘ siāng koân ê tiān-sī chiat-bo̍k chi it, mā hō͘ Kim-sī Sè-kài Kì-lio̍k jīn-chèng chò sè-kài siōng koan-chiòng jîn-sò͘ siāng chē ê chiat-bo̍k.\n\n| | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong-kok Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi Chhun-cheh Liân-hoan Boán-hōe |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Le̍k-kài | \n1983 nî ·\n1984 nî ·\n1985 nî ·\n1986 nî ·\n1987 nî ·\n1988 nî ·\n1989 nî ·\n1990 nî ·\n1991 nî ·\n1992 nî ·\n1993 nî ·\n1994 nî ·\n1995 nî ·\n1996 nî ·\n1997 nî ·\n1998 nî ·\n1999 nî ·\n2000 nî ·\n2001 nî ·\n2002 nî ·\n2003 nî ·\n2004 nî ·\n2005 nî ·\n2006 nî ·\n2007 nî ·\n2008 nî ·\n2009 nî ·\n2010 nî ·\n2011 nî ·\n2012 nî ·\n2013 nî ·\n2014 nî ·\n2015 nî ·\n2016 nî ·\n2017 nî ·\n2018 nî ·\n2019 nî\n |\n| |\n| Jîn-bu̍t | N̂g It-ho̍k ·Hah Bûn ·Jiám Siáu-pêng ·Pâng Siáu-kong ·Iûⁿ Tong-seng |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tiong-kok Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi Chhun-cheh Liân-hoan Boán-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[496,1197,0.4143692564745196],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1509}} -{"text":"\n**Phó͘-Hoat Chiàn-cheng**, mā hō **Tek-Hoat Chiàn-cheng** (tek. *Deutsch-Französischer Krieg*) ia̍h **Hoat-Tek Chiàn-cheng** (hoat. *Guerre franco-allemande*), sī 1870 nî khí Tē-jī Hoat-lân-se Tè-kok (Hoat-kok) tùi Phó͘-ló͘-su Ông-kok (Phó͘-kok) só͘ chhōa-thâu ê Pak Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân (*Norddeutscher Bund*) ê chiàn-cheng.\n\nKhí-in\n------\n\n1866 nî 7 goeh 3 ji̍t, siú-siōng Otto von Bismarck chhōa-thâu ê Phó͘-kok tī Königgrätz Chiàn-tò͘ chiong Ò-tē-lī phah-pāi (Phó͘-Ò Chiàn-cheng). Siū Phó͘-kok chiàn-kó ê éng-hióng, Hoat-kok ê koaⁿ-liâu kiàn-gī Hoat-kok hông-tè Napoleon 3-sè hiòng Phó͘-kok hoat-peng chó͘-gāi Phó͘-kok.\n\nTōng-oân\n--------\n\nHoat-kok tī 1870 nî 7 goe̍h 15 ji̍t gī-koat chiàn-cheng sìn-chioh liáu-āu, ùi 19 hō hiòng Phó͘-kok soan-chiàn.\n\nPhó͘-kok chong-kun Helmuth von Moltke tī 8 goe̍h 3 ji̍t ê sî, í-kēng tī Hoat-Tek pian-kài phòe-tì liáu 320,000 lâng pō͘-tūi.\n\nChiàn-tò͘\n---------\n\n* Wissembourg\n* Spicheren\n* Wörth\n* Borny–Colombey\n* Strasbourg\n* Toul\n* Mars-la-Tour\n* Gravelotte\n* Metz\n* Beaumont\n* Noisseville\n* Bazeilles\n* Sedan\n* Bellevue\n* Coulmiers\n* Havana\n* Amiens\n* Beaune-la-Rolande\n* Villepion\n* Loigny et Poupry\n* Beaugency\n* Hallue\n* Bapaume\n* Villersexel\n* Le Mans\n* Lisaine\n* St. Quentin\n* Pa-lí\n\t+ Châtillon\n* Belfort\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n### Su-chì\n\n* Wawro, Geoffrey (2003). *The Franco-Prussian War: The German Conquest of France in 1870–1871*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-33728-4.\n\n### Chù-kha\n\n1. ↑ Wawro 2003, 1 Causes of the Franco-Prussian War\n2. 1 2 Wawro 2003, 3 Mobilization for War","meta":{"title":"Phó͘-Hoat Chiàn-cheng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[463,1325,0.34943396226415097],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1662}} -{"text":"\n**Bo̍h Sū-lîn** (莫士麟, Oa̍t-lâm-gí: Mạc Sĩ Lân, Thài-kok-gí: ม่อซื่อหลิน, 1700 nî  – 1780 nî ), mā thang kiò chò **Bo̍h Chong** (鄚琮, Mạc Tông, Khmer-gí: ម៉ាក់ តុង), **Bo̍h Thian-sù** (鄚天賜, Mạc Thiên Tứ, ម៉ាក់ ធានទឺ) ia̍h **Bo̍h Thian-sek** (鄚天錫, Mạc Thiên Tích), sī Hà Tiên (Hô-sian) chóng-tok, 1736 nî kàu 1771 nî kap 1773 nî kàu 1777 nî chāi-jīm. Kampuchea bûn-hiàn kiò i **Neak Somdec Preah Sotoat** (អ្នកសម្ដចព្រះសុទត្ដ), Siam-lô (Thài-kok) ê bûn-hiàn kiò i **Phraya Rachasethi Yuan** (พระยาราชาเศรษฐี ญวน) ia̍h **Ong Chien Chun** (องเชียงชุน).\n\nBo̍h Sū-lîn sī Bo̍h Kiú ê toā-kiáⁿ, tī 1736 nî kè-jīm Hà Tiên chóng-tok, hō͘ Nguyễn Phúc Chú chhek-hong chò *Tông Đức hầu* (琮德侯, Chong-tek Hâu). Chāi-jīm ê sî-kî, chiong Hà Tiên hoat-tián sêng Thài-kok-oan ê tiōng-iàu káng-kháu. 1739 nî, i pang-chān Outey 2-sè toa̍t kàu Kampuchea ông-ūi.\n\n1767 nî, Bián-tiān bia̍t-bông Ayutthaya Ông-kok, Thai Sa ê sun-á Chao Chui cháu lâi Hà Tiên. Siam-lô kok-ông Taksin iau-kiû kau chhut Chao Chui, hō͘ i kī-choa̍t. 1771 nî, Taksin phài Phraya Phiphit (Tân Liân) chiàm-niá, i cháu khì Trấn Giang (kin-á-ji̍t Cần Thơ), 1773 nî chiah tńg lâi Hà Tiên.\n\nBo̍h Sū-lîn tī Oa̍t-lâm loē-chiàn lāi-bīn chi-chhî Nguyễn Chú, hoán-tùi Tây Sơn Tiâu. Nguyễn Chú bia̍t-bông í-āu, i cháu khì Siam-lô, siū kàu Taksin ê siu-liû. 1780 nî, i siūⁿ-beh cháu tńg Hà Tiên, hō͘ Taksin lia̍h khí-lâi sím-mn̄g. I tī kaⁿ-lô lāi-bīn chū-sat.\n\nKa-cho̍k\n--------\n\nBo̍h Sū-lîn ū chin chē kiáⁿ-jî, pau-koat:\n\n* Kiáⁿ:\n\t+ Bo̍h Chú-hông (鄚子潢, Mạc Tử Hoàng)\n\t+ Bo̍h Chú-iông (鄚子溶, Mạc Tử Dung) *ia̍h* Bo̍h Chú-iân (鄚子沿, Mạc Tử Duyên)\n\t+ Bo̍h Chú-tóng (鄚子淌, Mạc Tử Thảng)\n\t+ Bo̍h Chú-seng (鄚子泩, Mạc Tử Sanh)\n\t+ Bo̍h Chú-chùn (鄚子浚, Mạc Tử Tuấn)\n\t+ Bo̍h Chú-thiam (鄚子添, Mạc Tử Thiêm)\n* Cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ:\n\t+ Bo̍h--sī Liông (鄚氏隆, Mạc Thị Long)\n\t+ Bo̍h--sī Tâi (鄚氏咍, Mạc Thị Hai)\n\t+ Bo̍h--sī Kak (鄚氏灚, Mạc Thị Giác)\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រប្រទេសកម្ពុជា-ជំពូកទី៣\" (ēng Khmer-gí).\n2. 1 2 Ooi 2004, p. 806\n3. ↑ Cooke & Li 2004, p. 44–46\n4. 1 2 *Việt Nam sử lược*, Quyển 2, Tự chủ thời đại, Chương 6\n5. 1 2 3 *Đại Nam liệt truyện tiền biên*, vol. 6\n6. 1 2 *Hà Tiên trấn Hiệp trấn Mạc thị gia phả*\n7. ↑ พระราชพงศาวดารกรุงธนบุรี\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Coedes, George (1966), *The making of South East Asia*, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-05061-7\n* Cooke, Nola; Li, Tana (2004), *Water frontier: commerce and the Chinese in the Lower Mekong Region, 1750-1880*, Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 978-0-7425-3083-6\n* Ooi, Keat Gin (2004), \"Mac Thien Tu (1780-1800)\", *Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Volume 1*, ABC-CLIO, pp. 806–807, ISBN 1-57607-770-5","meta":{"title":"Bo̍h Sū-lîn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1244,2598,0.47882986913010006],"infobox":["
    Bo̍h Sū-lîn
    Chhut-sì-tē\n白馬市 (柬埔寨) \"Edit
    Koè-sin-tē\nThonburi \"Edit
    Kok-che̍k\nOa̍t-lâm \"Edit
    ē kóng\nOa̍t-lâm-gú \"Edit
    Chit-gia̍p\nKun-chú, Si-jîn \"Edit
    Kiáⁿ-jî\nBo̍h Chú-iông, Bo̍h Chú-seng, Bo̍h Chú-thiam, Bo̍h Chú-hông, Bo̍h Chú-tóng \"Edit
    Lāu-pē\nBo̍h Kiú \"Edit
    \n
    [tī Wikidata kái]
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2886}} -{"text":"**Tē-jī-chhù sán-gia̍p** (第二次產業), he̍k-chiá **kang-gia̍p** (工業), sī í seng-sán sán-phín ûi-chú ê sán-gia̍p. Tē-jī-chhù sán-gia̍p toā-poàⁿ ē í tē-it-chhù sán-gia̍p ia̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ chè-chō-siong ê sán-phín lâi chò-ûi i-ê goân-liāu; só͘ chè-chō chhut-lâi ê siong-phín khó-lêng ē chhut-kháu ia̍h-sī hoàn-bē hō͘ it-poaⁿ ê kheh-hō͘, mā ū khó-lêng ē chiâⁿ-chò kî-thaⁿ chè-chō-siong ê goân-liāu. Tē-jī-chhù sán-gia̍p koh ē-sái hun-chò kheng-kang-gia̍p kap tāng-kang-gia̍p. Tī kā goân-liāu ka-kang chò sán-phín ê kòe-têng tiong, khó-lêng ē siau-hàu toā-liōng ê lêng-goân, iā ē su-iàu kang-chhiúⁿ kap ki-hâi siat-pī, sīm-chì iáu-koh ū hòe-khì goân-bu̍t-liāu ia̍h-sī hòe-jia̍t téng-téng khó-lêng ē éng-hióng khoân-kéng kap chō-sêng u-jiám ê būn-tê. Put-kò, tē-it-chhù kap tē-saⁿ-chhù sán-gia̍p lóng su-iàu tē-jī-chhù sán-gia̍p ê chi-chhî.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Sán-gia̍p\n* Tē-it-chhù sán-gia̍p\n* Tē-saⁿ-chhù sán-gia̍p\n* Tē-sì-chhù sán-gia̍p\n* Tē-gō͘-chhù sán-gia̍p","meta":{"title":"Tē-jī-chhù sán-gia̍p","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[109,986,0.1105476673427992],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1136}} -{"text":"\n***Bûn-hòa Chu-sán Pó-chûn Hoat*** (文化資產保存法), kán-chheng ***Bûn-chu-hoat*** (文資法), sī Tâi-oân Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú ūi-tio̍h beh pó-chûn bûn-hòa chu-sán, chhiong-si̍t kok-bîn cheng-sîn seng-oa̍h, kap hoat-iông to-goân bûn-hòa só͘ li̍p ê hoat-lu̍t. It-chhè bûn-hòa chu-sán ê pó-chûn, î-hō͘, soan-iông, kap khoân-lī choán-î lóng-chóng ài chiàu chit tiâu hoat-lu̍t ê kui-tēng lâi chò; bô kui-tēng ê pō͘-hūn, chiàu kî-thaⁿ siong-koan hoat-lu̍t ê kui-tēng. *Bûn-chu-hoat* siāng chá tī 1982 nî chè-tēng; 2005 nî chìn-hêng chéng-thé-sèng kap kiat-kò͘-sèng ê siu-hoat; 2016 nî chìn-hêng choân-bûn siu-chèng, hiān-sî chóng-kiōng ū 11 chiong 113 tiâu.\n\nKin-kì siāng sin ê *Bûn-chu-hoat* lōe-iông, bûn-hòa chu-sán sī keng-kòe chí-tēng ia̍h teng-lio̍k ê kok-chióng ū kè-ta̍t ê sū-bu̍t. Iú-hêng bûn-hòa chu-sán pun chò \"kó͘-chek\", \"le̍k-sú kiat-tio̍k\", \"kì-liām kiàn-tio̍k\", \"chū-lo̍k kiàn-tio̍k kûn\", \"khó-kó͘ ûi-chí\", \"sú-chek\", \"bûn-hòa kéng-koan\", \"kó͘-bu̍t\" (kok-pó, tiōng-iàu bûn-bu̍t, kap it-poaⁿ bûn-bu̍t), kap \"chū-jiân tē-kéng\" téng 9 lūi. Bû-hêng bûn-hòa chu-sán pun chò thoân-thóng piáu-ián gē-su̍t, thoân-thóng kang-gē, kháu-su̍t le̍k-sú, bîn-sio̍k, thoân-thóng tì-sek kap si̍t-chiān téng 5 lūi. Tû-liáu chū-jiân tē-kéng iû Lông-úi-hōe chú-koán í-gōa, kî-thaⁿ kok-lūi lóng-chóng iû Bûn-hòa-pō͘ chò chú-koán ki-koan.","meta":{"title":"Bûn-hòa Chu-sán Pó-chûn Hoat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1311,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1500}} -{"text":"**Tiong-kok Tong-hong Hâng-khong 5735-hō pan-ki sit-sū**（koh-kiò-chòe**\"3·21\"Tong-hâng MU5735 Hâng-khong-khì Poe-hêng sū-kò͘**, **3·21 Tong-hâng kheh-ki sū-kò͘**、**Tong-hâng\"3·21\"tūi-ki sū-kò͘**a̍h-sī**Ngô͘-chiu Khong-lān**、**Têng-koān khong-lān**、**Kńg-sai Khong-lān**）sī hoat-seng tī Pak-kiaⁿ sî-kan 2022-nî 3-ge̍h 21-hō e-po͘ ê chi̍t-kiāⁿ ê Tiong-kok kheh-ki tūi-lo̍h sū-kò͘. Sit-sū hui-ki sī Tong-hong Hâng-khong Hûn-lâm iú-hān Kong-si poe-ê Pho-im 737-800-hêng hui-ki, pian-hō B-1791, tùi Khun-bêng poe-khì Kńg-chiu, hâng-pan pian-hō sī **MU5735**（IATA）抑是**CES5735**（ICAO）.Hui-ki hō͘-lâng kàm-chhek kàu khoài-sok tūi-lo̍h hām sit-liân liáu-āu tāi-iok-á tī 14:22 sî tī Kńg-sai Chòng-cho̍k Chū-tī-khu Ngô͘-chiu-chhī Têng-koān Lông-lâm-tìn Bo̍k-lông-chhoan chi̍t-ê kam-á-hn̂g tūi-lo̍h.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ 温璐、秦华 (2022-03-24). \"国务院安委办、应急管理部：以东航\"3·21\"坠机事故为警示 立即开展民航安全隐患排查\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 人民网. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2022-03-24. 2022-03-24 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"一夜过去，东航客机坠毁事故有这些最新情况\". *湖南省应急管理厅*. 2022-03-24 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"藤县空难搜寻工作持续展开\". *新华网* (ēng Hôa-gí). Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2022-03-26. 2022-03-24 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"藤县空难丨失事飞机的一部黑匣子已找到-今日头条\". *光明網* (ēng Hôa-gí). Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2022-03-26. 2022-03-24 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Tiong-kok Tong-hong Hâng-khong 5735-hō pan-ki sit-sū","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[524,1320,0.396969696969697],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1514}} -{"text":"Bí-kok Kok-ka Chit-gia̍p An-chôan Ōe-seng Géng-kiù-só͘.\n**Bí-kok Kok-ka Chit-gia̍p An-chôan Ōe-seng Géng-kiù-só͘** (Eng-gí: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, kán-chheng **NIOSH**) sī Bí-kok kok-lāi ê chi̍t-ê Liân-pang ki-kò͘, hū-chek tùi kang-chok siòng-koan ê siong-hāi hô chi̍t-pēⁿ chìn-hêng géng-kiù í-ki̍p thê-keng ī-hông ê kiàn-gī. NIOSH lē-sio̍k Bí-kok Ōe-seng ki̍p Kong-kiōng Ho̍k-bū-pō͘ tiong ê Chi̍t-pēⁿ Khòng-chè kah Ī-hông Tiong-sim (CDC). \nNIOSH ê Chóng-pō͘ siat-li̍p tī Washington, D.C. Ohio, Cincinnati, West Virginia Morgantown, Pennsylvania Pittsburgh, Colorado Denver, Alaska Anchorage, Washington Spokane, í-ki̍p Georgia Atlanta lóng-ū in ê géng-kiù si̍t-giām-sek kah pān-kong-sek. NIOSH sī chi̍t-ê iû chiok-chē choan-gia̍p chó͘-sêng ê ki-kò͘, lāi-pō͘ chit-kang chhiau-kòe 1,400 lâng, In tāi-pió chiok-chē ê chit-gia̍p, pau-koat liû-hêng-pēⁿ-ha̍k, i-ha̍k, kang-gia̍p ōe-seng, an-chôan, sim-lí-ha̍k, kang-têng-ha̍k, hòa-ha̍k kah thóng-kè-ha̍k. Bo̍k-chêng NIOSH ê hū-chek-jîn sī John Howard.","meta":{"title":"Bí-kok Kok-ka Chit-gia̍p An-chôan Ōe-seng Géng-kiù-só͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1008,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1141}} -{"text":"\n**Bo̍h Kiú** (鄚玖, Oa̍t-lâm-gí: Mạc Cửu, Khmer-gí: ម៉ាក គីវ, 1655 nî  – 1736 nî ) sī chi̍t ê Tiong-kok ê mō͘-hiám-ka, i tī Kampuchea kap Oa̍t-lâm chi-kan pān-ián tiōng-iàu kak-sek.\n\nI tī Tiong-kok Kńg-tang Lûi-chiu chhut-sì. Boán-chheng ji̍p Koan í-āu cháu khì Kampuchea. Tāi-khài 1687 nî kàu 1695 nî chi-kan, hō͘ Kampuchea kok-ông jīm-bēng chò Peam (Khmer-gí: ពាម) ê *Uknhea* (ឧកញ៉ា), toà-niá Tiong-kok î-bîn lâi Banteay Meas hū-kīn khai-hoat. Tān-sī, Banteay Meas ê Khmer-cho̍k iáu iû Khmer-cho̍k chóng-tok *Uknhea Reachea Settheay* (ឧកញ៉ារាជាសេដ្ឋី) koán-lí kàu 1771 nî.\n\nI tī Peam khí--liāu chi̍t ê kiò chò Hà Tiên (Hô-sian) ê siâⁿ-chhī. 1708 nî, Bo̍h Kiú poān-loān, tâu-hâng Oa̍t-lâm ê Nguyễn Chú, hō͘ Nguyễn Phúc Chu chhek-hong chò *Cửu Ngọc hầu* (玖玉侯, Kiú-gio̍k Hâu), Peam kái chò Oa̍t-lâm miâ-jī *Hà Tiên trấn*. 1715 nî, Kampuchea kok-ông Thommo Reachea 3-sè phah *Hà Tiên trấn*, i cháu khì Lũng Kỳ (Kep), kàu 1735 nî chiah tńg lâi.\n\nI tī 1736 nî koè-sin, i ê kiáⁿ Bo̍h Sū-lîn kè-jīm Hà Tiên chóng-tok.\n\nKa-cho̍k\n--------\n\n* Kiáⁿ: Bo̍h Sū-lîn\n* Cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ: kè hō͘ Tân Siōng-chhoan","meta":{"title":"Bo̍h Kiú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[266,1212,0.21947194719471946],"infobox":["
    Bo̍h Kiú
    Chhut-sì-tē\nLûi-chiu-chhī \"Edit
    Koè-sin-tē\nHà Tiên Chhī \"Edit
    Kok-che̍k\nOa̍t-lâm, Kán-po͘-chē \"Edit
    ē kóng\nOa̍t-lâm-gú \"Edit
    Chit-gia̍p\nKun-chú, mō͘-hiám-ka \"Edit
    Kiáⁿ-jî\nBo̍h Sū-lîn \"Edit
    \n
    [tī Wikidata kái]
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1210}} -{"text":"**Tetracycline khòng-seng-sò·**(Hôa-gí: 四環黴素) sī 1 cho· tī hòa-ha̍k-sèng hong-bīn siong-tong chiap-kīn ê khòng-seng-sò· (抗生素; antibiotic), ū chha-pu̍t-to kāng-khoán ê khoah-hāu-sèng tùi-khòng sè-khún hōan-ûi (Eng-gí: broad antibacterial spectrum), ē-tàng tùi-khòng chiâⁿ-chē chióng ê Gram (+) kap Gram(-) sè-khún, iah-koh ū spirochetes kap rickettsia téng-téng. Tetracycline khòng-seng-sò· ê choh-iōng hoat-tō· sī kan-jiáu sè-khún ê nn̄g-pe̍h-chit ê sán-seng. Tetracycline khòng-seng-sò· ū 200-gōa chióng, siāng-chia̍p khòaⁿ--kìⁿ-ê ū Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline téng-téng. \n\nTetracycline ê hòa-ha̍k kiat-kàu. Chit 4-ê îⁿ-kho·-á sī i-ê miâ-chheng ê iû-lâi.\n\nPharmacodynamics\n----------------\n\nTetracycline khòng-seng-sò· kā sè-khún sè-pau ê ribosome ê 30S hi̍t pō·-hūn chiàm--khì, kan-jiáu polypeptide ê hô-sêng. \n\nSè-khún sè-pau pìⁿ-sêng tùi tetracycline khòng-seng-sò· ū khòng-io̍h-sèng (*resistant*) siāng-bô ū 2-ê ki-chè: efflux kap ribosomal protection.\n\nPharmacokinetics\n----------------\n\nTetracycline tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ iōng chia̍h--ê, m̄-koh ū-sî ē iōng chēng-be̍h chù-siā (*intravenus*) kap ki-ba̍h chù-siā (*intramuscular*) ê hong-sek. Ùi ūi-tn̂g kip-siu ê sok-tō· siong-tong ê kín, tān-sī ū chiâⁿ-tōa ê sò-liōng lâu-tī tn̂g-á lāi. Tetracycline nā kah gû-leng he̍k-chiá hâm-ū calcium, magnesium, he̍k aluminum ê chia̍h-mi̍h chò-hóe chia̍h, in-ūi in ē kah i kiat-ha̍p, kip-siu ê liōng ē kàng-kē. \n\nGoân-sú ê tetracycline khòng-seng-sò·, hó-pí-kóng tetracycline, chlortetracycline, kap oxytetracycline ta̍k-ê 6 tiám-cheng chia̍h 250 mg tio̍h ē-tàng î-chhî sek-tòng ê hoeh-tiong lông-tō·. In-ê pòaⁿ-seng-kî (half-life) sī 6-10 tiám-cheng; chia̍h liáu 2-4 tiám-cheng ta̍t-kàu siāng-koân ê hoeh-tiong lông-tō·; 9-12 tiám-cheng āu kàng-kē 1-pòaⁿ ê hoeh-tiong lông-tō·; 24 sió-sî āu hoeh-tiong lông-tō· tio̍h chiok-kē--á.\n\nDemeclocycline kap methacycline pòaⁿ-seng-kî 16 tiám-cheng; ū-hāu ê hoeh-tiong lông-tō· ē-tit î-chhî kàu 24 sió-sî he̍k koh-khah kú.\n\nDoxycycline kap minocycline pòaⁿ-seng-kî tāi-iok 16 kàu 18 tiám-cheng; kí-lē lâi kóng, doxycycline tē-1 pái chia̍h 200 mg, 2 tiám-cheng āu ta̍t-kàu siāng-koân ê hoeh-tiong lông-tō·, jiân-āu ta̍k-kang chia̍h 100 mg tio̍h ē-sái-tit.\n\nTetracycline khòng-seng-sò· ê chí-iông-sèng (脂溶性) chiâⁿ koân, chin iông-ì chìn-jip cerebrospinal fluid, náu cho·-chit, ba̍k-chiu cho·-chit, kap prostate gland. In-ūi kah calcium ê kiat-ha̍p, in lóng chi̍p-tiong tī ku̍t-thâu kap chhùi-khí khah-chē. \n\nTetracycline khòng-seng-sò· ê pâi-sià sī keng-kòe jiō-sio̍h kap tāi-piān, chú-iàu sī thàu-kòe sīn-chōng (kidney). M̄-koh doxycycline kap minocycline sī thàu-kòe tāi-piān lâi pâi-sià.\n\nHù-choh-iōng\n------------\n\nTetracycline khòng-seng-sò· ê kòe-bín-hoán-èng hán-tit tú--tio̍h, ah nā-sī tùi chit-ê hē-lia̍t kî-tiong 1 chióng kòe-bín, tio̍h ē-ū kau-chha-kòe-bín-hoán-èng (*cross-hypersensitivity*). \nKoân chè-liōng ê tetracycline khòng-seng-sò· ū siong-hāi koaⁿ-chōng ê pò-kò. \n\nIn-ūi i ē thong-kòe thai-pôaⁿ iân-tî thai-jî ê ku̍t-keh hoat-io̍k, khó-lêng kah thai-jî kî-hêng ū koan-hē, tī FDA ê hun-kip sī D-kip, bô kiàn-gī sú-iōng tī ū sin-ūn ê hū-jîn-lâng. In-ūi i tāi-pō·-hūn thàu-kòe sīn-chōng pâi-sià, ū sīn kong-lêng būn-tê ê lâng mài sú-iōng; minocycline kap doxycycline lī-gōa.\n\nIn-ūi tetracycline khòng-seng-sò· ek-chè tāi-to-sò· ê sè-khún, sú-iōng i lâi tī-liâu ē-tit tī chhùi-khiuⁿ, ē-tn̂g-tō (*lower intestinal tract*), kap in-tō só·-chāi (*vaginal area*) hoat-seng chèng-siông khún-lo̍h (*normal flora*) hō· tāi-liōng ê opportunistic organism chhú-tāi ê chhiau-kip kám-jiám chêng-hêng. Chhin-chhiūⁿ Candidiasis, 1-chióng liâm-mo̍h ê mûi-khún kám-jiám tio̍h ē hoat-seng tī chit-kóa-á só·-chāi.\n\nBô sek-tòng pó-chûn he̍k-chiá kòe-kî ê tetracycline ē hun-kái pìⁿ-chit, ē siong-hāi sīn-chōng.\n\nSú-iōng ê hoat-tō·\n------------------\n\n### Tī khí-kho ê sú-iōng\n\nÉng-kòe tetracycline hông tòng-chòe penicilline āu-piah ê tē-2 soán-tek (*second-choice*) khòng-seng-sò·, chiàng-sî í-keng m̄-sī, chiâⁿ-chió ū sú-iōng ê ki-hōe. Ū sî-chūn tetracycline go̍k-chhùi-chúi (*mouthwash*) ē sú-iōng tī giâm-tiōng ê recurrent aphthae, lichen planus, kap herpetic ulcer, lâi kiám-kheng khùi-iông só·-tī ê thiàⁿ. I-ê gôan-lí bô cheng-chhó, hāu-kó bô khak-tēng, khó-lêng kan-taⁿ sī tùi ī-hông koh-hoat-sèng (*secondary*) kám-jiám ū-hāu. Tetracycline bōe-sái sú-iōng chhiau-kòe liân-soah 3-kang, bô, ū candida albicans chiau-kip kám-jiám (*superinfection*) ê hûi-hiám. Kīn-lâi tetracycline khàng-seng-sò· pī sú-iōng tī khí-chiu-pēⁿ ê tī-liâu, chhái-iōng kio̍k-pō· hoat-tō· khǹg-tī khí-chiu tē-á (*periodontal pocket*) lāi-té, tòng-chòe chèng-kui ê ki-hâi-sèng tī-liâu ê hú-chō· tī-liâu.","meta":{"title":"Tetracycline","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,4508,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5208}} -{"text":"Tek-kho ê hêng-chèng tōa-lâu\n**Sin-tek Kho-ha̍k Kang-gia̍p Hn̂g-khu** (新竹科學工業園區), kán-chheng **Sin-tek Kho-ha̍k Hn̂g-khu** ia̍h **Tek-kho** (竹科), sī Tâi-oân ê tē-it chō kho-ha̍k hn̂g-khu. Hoān-ûi hâm-kài Sin-tek-chhī Tang-khu kap Sin-tek-koān Pó-san-hiong. Hn̂g-khu\nlāi ê chhiúⁿ-siong í keng-êng tiān-chú tāi-kang ho̍k-bū ûi-chú, sī Tâi-oân ko-tō͘ hoat-tián ko-kho-ki tāi-kang sán-gia̍p ê chú-iàu kho-ki tiōng-tìn chi it, ū \"Tâi-oân Sia̍k-kok\" (台灣矽谷) ê miâ-hō.\n\nSêng-li̍p kàu-taⁿ ū 400 keng í-siōng ko-kho-ki tāi-kang-gia̍p, ho̍k-bū-gia̍p chhiúⁿ-siong chìn-chù, chú-iàu sán-gia̍p pau-koat ū pòaⁿ-tō-thé-gia̍p, tiān-náu-gia̍p, thong-sìn-gia̍p, kng-tiān-gia̍p, cheng-bi̍t ki-hāi-gia̍p kap seng-bu̍t kho-ki-gia̍p, sī choân-kiû pòaⁿ-tō-thé chè-chō-gia̍p siāng-kài bi̍t-chi̍p ê só͘-chāi chi-it, bo̍k-chiân í-khai-hoat Sin-tek Hn̂g-khu iok 632 kong-khéng kap Tek-lâm Hn̂g-khu iok 141 kong-khéng, iok ū 12 bān lâng tī hn̂g-khu lāi kang-chok. Keng-kòe chē nî khai-hoat, Sin-tek Kho-ha̍k Hn̂g-khu chiām-chiām chiâⁿ-chò Pak Tâi-oân ê kho-ki sán-gia̍p tiong-sim, pēng-chhiáⁿ chiàu kok-ka hoat-tián kè-ōe khok-tāi ki-tē, bo̍k-chiân khok-chhiong kè-ōe pau-koat Thô-hn̂g Liông-thâm Hn̂g-khu, Biâu-le̍k Tâng-lô Hn̂g-khu, Sin-tek Seng-bu̍t I-ha̍k Hn̂g-khu í-ki̍p Gî-lân Hn̂g-khu. Mā in-ūi i-ê sêng-kong keng-giām, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú lio̍k-sio̍k tī Tâi-oân kî-thaⁿ tē-khu siat-li̍p Tiong-kho kap Lâm-kho. M̄-koh chia-ê sán-gia̍p phōaⁿ-sûi tio̍h ko-u-jiám ê hù-sán-phín, in-chhú pòaⁿ-tō-thé chè-chō-gia̍p lóng sī khoân-pó kap kiān-khong būn-tê, sī Au-Bí kok-ka só͘ bē-tàng chiap-siū, in-chhúhoat-kui kap chip-hoat khoan-sang ê Tâi-oân chiâⁿ-chò siāng sek-ha̍p ê siat-chhiúⁿ tē-tiám, mā sī sè-kài pòaⁿ-tō-thé tāi-kang chè-chō ê tiōng-tìn, chhòng-chō liáu bē-chiókeng-chè kap chiū-gia̍p ki-hōe, pí-lūn Tâi-chek-tiān téng ū-miâ kho-ki tōa-chhiúⁿ lóng tī chia siat-tì kì-tiám.","meta":{"title":"Sin-tek Kho-ha̍k Kang-gia̍p Hn̂g-khu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1876,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2118}} -{"text":"Ông Hiong-siân.\n**Ông Hiong-siân**(王香禪; 1886-?) pún-miâ **Bóng-tshī**(罔市), iū miâ **Liû-sian**(留仙), **Hiong-siân**(香嬋), piáu-jī **Tāi-khing**(黛卿), gē-miâ **Bóng-tshi**(夢癡). Ông Hiong-siân tī Tâi-pak Báng-kah tshut-sì, sī Tshing-tiâu kah Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi tshut-miâ ê gē-tuànn tsham tsa-bóo si-jîn. I sī Liân Hîng ê tē-tsú, Siā Kài-tsio̍h ê bóo.\n\nÔng Hiong-siân tshut-sin sàn-tshiah, tshù-lāi ê king-tsè lóng khò in a-hiann Ông Á-thôo(王仔塗) sîng-tam. Tsū sè-hàn, i tō khì hōo Táng Á-tī(董仔治) siu tsò khè-kiánn. Hiong-siân khai-sí tī Pîng-lo̍k-iû(平樂遊) tsiú-lâu kah Hok-tsiu-á sai-hū o̍h Pah-khik.Tsa̍p-it huè ê sî-tsūn, Hiong-siân thàu-kuè si-jîn Ông Tsú-ho̍k(王子鶴) ê kài-siāu, khì kàu Tuā-tiū-tiânn ê Kiàm-lâu su-sio̍k(劍樓書塾) hiòng Tiō It-san o̍h siá hiong-liâm-si(香奩詩), kàu-ha̍k N̂g Jīm ê *Hiong-tsháu tsian-ngóo tsù*(香草箋偶註). Hiong-siân in-uī kah-ì tha̍k *Hông-lâu bóng*, him-siān tsú-kak Lîm Tāi-gio̍k, sóo-í kā piáu-jī hō-tsò **Tāi-khing**.\n\nHit tang-tsūn, Hiong-siân hōo lâng hō-tsò **Tâi-uân sam-tāi bí-jîn**, tàm Tuā-tiū-tiânn Íng-lo̍k-tsō tshiùnn King-hì, Liân Hîng ta̍k kang lóng tsáu khì hia kā phâng-tiûnn. Hiong-siân mā bat kàu Tâi-lâm Pó-bí-lâu(寶美樓) piáu-ián *Jī tsìn-kiong*(二進宮), *Sam-liông kàu tsú*(三娘教子), kah *Tsè kang*(祭江), tsin tsē sū-sin lóng uī i tshi-bê. Hiong-siân tuà tī Tâi-lâm ê sî-tsūn, Liân Hîng tsìng-sik siu i tsò tē-tsú, kà i *Si-king*, *Tshóo-sû*, kah Lí Siong-ún ê si-tsi̍p, Liân Hîng koh o-ló i kóng *Kim tsik huí-jiân sîng-tsiong, put kiám Siā-tîng ēng sù.*(今則斐然成章，不減謝庭詠絮。). Iáu-m̄-koh, nn̄g lâng pīng bô kiat-hun, Hiong-siân āu-lâi kè hōo Lô Siù-huī, siá si *Būn hue*(問花). Tān-sī, Lô Siù-huī suah pàng-sak i, tsáu khì kah Tshuà Phik-gîm tàu-tīn, nn̄g lâng tsiông-tshú lī-iân.\n\nHiong-siân tsin tsheh-sim, khai-sí tāi-liōng siá si, iōng **Tāi-khing** tsò pit-miâ, tâu-kó Tâi-uân ji̍t-ji̍t sin-pò, tshin-tshiūnn *Tshiu-kám*(秋感), *Su-huâi*(書懷), *Mûi-hui*(梅妃), kah *Hô mûi-hui ūn*(和梅妃韻) tō sī hit tang-sî ê tsok-phín.","meta":{"title":"Ông Hiong-siân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1882,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2211}} -{"text":"A right-handed Cartesian coordinate system, illustrating the *x* (right-left), *y* (forward-backward) and *z* (up-down) axes relative to a human being.\n**Sin-thé ê siong-tùi hong-ūi** (ing-gú: Body relative direction, mā kiò-tsò \"í tsū-ngóo uî tiong-sim ê tsō-piau\" (egocentric coordinates)) sī siong-tuì sin-thé (pí-jū lâng ê sin-thé) ê kí-hô hong-hiòng [en]. Siōng tsia̍p-khuànn ê ū : tsó-iū; hiòng-tsîng hām hiòng-āu; tíng-kuân hām ē-kha. Tsia-ê hong-hiòng hîng-sîng sam-tuì tsìng-kau-tio̽k.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Deutscher, Guy (August 26, 2010). \"Does Your Language Shape How You Think?\". *The New York Times*. August 31, 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* VSMPO-AVISMA [en]\n* Bunge kong-si [en] (Bunge Limited)\n* ADM kong-si [en] (ADM (company))\n* Wilmar International kong-si [en] (Wilmar International)\n* Ted Osius [en]\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* Whitman Richards 1975. VISUAL SPACE PERCEPTION. HANDBOOK Of PERCEPTION, VOL. V, Chapter 10. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. New York, San Francisco, London","meta":{"title":"Sin-thé ê siong-tùi hong-ūi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[376,876,0.4292237442922374],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1068}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Âng-pak Thī-ke |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Kang ê |\n| | Bú ê |\n| Pó-io̍k chōng-hóng |\n| Kē-gûi-hiám （IUCN 3.1） |\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Aves |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Galliformes |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Phasianidae |\n| A-kho: | Phasianinae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Tragopan* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***T. temminckii*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Tragopan temminckii***(Gray, 1831) |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n *Tragopan temminckii*\n**Âng-pak Thī-ke** (Eng-gí: Temminck's Tragopan; Ha̍k-miâ: Tragopan temminckii) sī chi̍t-chióng tiong-téng thé-hêng ê Thī-ke, thé-tn̂g khó-ta̍t 64 kong-hun, hiông-chiáu ú-mn̂g gân-sek sī chhim âng-sek, ū pe̍h-sek pan-tiám, hūi o͘-sek, thúi hún-sek, bīn-pō͘ lâm-sek. Tòa pe̍h-sek pan-tiám. Gōa-pió kah âng-heng kak-thī sio-siāng, chia̍h-mi̍h ū Chiuⁿ-kó, chháu-á.\nSeng-o̍ah tī Tang-lâm-a pak-pō͘ ê sim-lîm tiong, Ìn-tō͘ tang-pak-pō͘, O̍at-lâm sai-pak pō͘ kah Tiong-kok lâm-hong chu-séng lóng-ū hūn-pò͘.\n\n1. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). **Tragopan temminckii**. *nî IUCN Siū Ui-hia̍p Bu̍t-chéng Âng Miâ-toaⁿ*. IUCN. chih-chiap.","meta":{"title":"Âng-pak Thī-ke","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[361,874,0.41304347826086957],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1228}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\nHasegawa Kiyosi (長谷川 清, はせがわ きよし), Ji̍t-pún hái-kun kun-jîn, Tâi-oân tē-18 ê chóng-tok. Chòe-koân kai-kip chèng-sam-ūi, hun it-téng, kong it-kip, hái-kun tāi-chiòng.\n\nChhut-sin\n---------\n\n1883 nî 5 goe̍h 7 ji̍t chhut-sì tī Hukui-koān Asuwa-kūn Yasiro-chhoan(Hiān-chāi Hukui-chhī.\n\nKeng-le̍k\n---------\n\n1940 nî 11 goe̍h 27 ji̍t chiūⁿ-jīm Tâi-oân chóng-tok. Jīm-lāi tńg-hô chêng-jīm chóng-tok Kobayasi Seizô ê chong-kàu chèng-chhek, sêng-li̍p Hông-bîn hōng-kong-hōe. Chho͘-téng phó͘-thong kàu-io̍k gī-bū hoa. Si̍t-si lio̍k-kun te̍k-pia̍t chì-goān-peng í-kip hái-kun te̍k-pia̍t chì-goān-peng chè-tō͘. \n\n1944 nî, kio̍k-sè tùi Ji̍t-pún chin put-lī, Tâi-oân-tó í-keng ti̍t-chiap bīn-tùi Bí-kok ui-hia̍p. Ji̍t-pún chèng-hú phah-sǹg hō͘ Tâi-oân-kun su-lēng kiam-jīm Tâi-oân chóng-tok lâi èng-hù ûi-ki, tī án-ne ê chêng-hêng chi-hā, Hasegawa tī 12 goe̍h 1 ji̍t sî tiāu chóng-tok chit-bū, kái-jīm kun-sū chham-gī koaⁿ. [1]\n\nSí-bông\n-------\n\nNî-phó͘\n-------\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ 'Tâi-oân-sú Sió-sū-tián *, Oán-liû chhut-pán-siā,《台灣史小事典》遠流出版社, 155 ia̍h.*\n\n \n\n\n\n|\n| |\n| **Chêng-jīm**: **Kobayasi Seizô** | Chāi-jīm sî-kî\n**1940 nî 11 goe̍h 27 ji̍t — 1944 nî 12 goe̍h 1 ji̍t** | **Āu-jīm**: **Andô Rikiti** |","meta":{"title":"Hasegawa Kiyosi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[676,1600,0.4225],"infobox":["
    \n
    Kán-le̍k
    Siⁿ-ji̍t\n1883 nî 5 goe̍h 7 ji̍t
    Sí-bông\n1970 nî 7 goe̍h 2 ji̍t
    Hòe-sò͘\n87 hòe
    Chhut-seng tōe\n Hukui-koān Asuwa-kūn Yasiro-chhoan (Hiān-chāi Hukui-chhī)
    Tâi-oân chóng-tok
    Kai-kip\nHái-kun tāi-chiòng
    Chiūⁿ-jīm chêng \nchit-bū\n

    Hái-kun chhù-koaⁿ

    \n

    Tē-saⁿ kàm-tūi su-lēng tiúⁿ-koaⁿ\n

    Hêng-tìn su-lēng tiúⁿ-koaⁿ
    Chiūⁿ-jīm\n1940 nî 11 goe̍h 27 ji̍t
    Sià-jīm\n1944 nî 12 goe̍h 1 ji̍t
    Chāi-jīm sî-kan\n4 nî 1 kò͘ goe̍h
    Sià-jīm āu chit-bū\nKun-sū chham-gī-koaⁿ
    Chêng-jīm\nKobayasi Seizô
    Āu-jīm\nAndô Rikiti
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1381}} -{"text":"Sap-bûn chi̍t-tè.\n**Sap-bûn** sī chi̍t lūi chheng-kiat-che, iōng chí-hông-sng chham kah-sò͘ (K) ia̍h la̍p-sò͘ (Na) ê iông-lī-chú hóan-èng chè-chō, chāi hòa-ha̍k-siōng sī iâm-lūi. \n\nSap-bûn chheng-kiat ê gôan-lí sī lī-iōng iông-lī-chú ê chhin-chúi-sèng kap chí-hông-sng ê ià-chúi-sèng, chi̍t hong-bīn chham a-cha-mi̍h sio-khan; chi̍t hong-bīn koh kah chúi-hun-chú sio-khan, liáu-āu kā a-cha khan lî-khui mi̍h-kiāⁿ ê piáu-bīn.\n\nGí-gôan\n-------\n\nHō-ló-ōe \"sap-bûn\" chit jī mā ū lâng kóng \"sat-bûn\" ia̍h \"soat-bûn\". (Hàn-jī: 雪文), in ê goân-thâu sī Au-chiu gí-giân, pí-lūn Phû-tô-gâ-gí kóng \"sabão\" (IPA: /sɐ.ˈβɐ̃w̃/).\n\nTī chi̍t kóa só͘-chāi, sap-bûn chit khóan mi̍h-kiāⁿ hō chò \"tê-kho͘\" (he̍k-chiá choan-bûn chí chi̍t lūi sap-bûn), che sī in-ūi kó͘-chá-sî lī-iōng tê-kho͘, iā-chiū-sī chè-chō tê-iû chhun--lo̍h ê iû-tái lâi chheng sin-khu, sé mi̍h-kiāⁿ.\n\nLēng-gōa mā ū chi̍t kóa só͘-chāi kóng \"hoan-kiⁿ\".\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Sap-bûn-hún","meta":{"title":"Sap-bûn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[12,914,0.01312910284463895],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1071}} -{"text":"\nDer Tagesspiegel ê piau-tsì.\nDer Tagesspiegel pò-tsuá ê thâu-ia̍h tshut-pán tī 1945 9-gue̍h 27.\n**Der Tagesspiegel** (ì-sù sī \"Muí-ji̍t kìng-pò\" (Muí-ji̍t kiànn-pò; Daily Mirror); tik-gú: Der Tagesspiegel; ing-gú: The Daily Mirror) sī tsi̍t-hūn Tik-kok ji̍t-pò. Der Tagesspiegel teh Washington D.C. kah Potsdam siat-iú khu-i̍k thong-sìn tshù. Potsdam sī siú-too uî-it tsi̍t-hūn huat-hîng liōng tsing-ka ê tsú-iàu pò-tsuá; hiān-tsú-sî huat-hîng-liōng uî 148,000 hūn, tse sī uì tiông-sin thóng-it í-lâi ê huat-hîng kè-sǹg. Der Tagesspiegel sī tsi̍t-hūn tsū-iû-phài [en] ê pò-tsuá, teh Tik-kok tsìng-tī puē-kíng tsi-hā hông kui-luī tsò tiong-kan phài ê muî-thé [en].\n\nLi̍k-sú hām khing-khak\n----------------------\n\nDer Tagesspiegel tī 1945-nî 9-gue̍h 27-ji̍t iû Erik Reger, Walther Karsch kah Edwin Redslob tíng-jîn sóo tshòng-li̍p. Tsóng-pōo khiā-ti Berlin ê khiā-tī Kreuzberg [en] tē-khu ê Askanischer Platz, kī-lî Potsdamer Platz [en] tāi-iok 600 m (2,000 ft), iah-sī í-tsîng Peklîm tshiûnn-uî-á (Berlin Wall) ê sóo-tsāi.\n\nTeh tshiau-kuè 45-nî ê sî-kan lāi-té, Der Tagesspiegel iû tsi̍t-king to̍k-li̍p sìn-thok kong-si sóo-iú. 1993-nî, uī-tio̍h ìng-tuì kìng-tsing jû-lâi jû ki̍k-lia̍t ê tshut-pán khuân-kíng, pīng-tshiánn khip-ín ki-su̍t hiān-tāi-huà sóo su-iàu ê tâu-tsu; pí-jû sin ìn-suat-tshiúnn ê uí-thok kah kái-siān hûn-siau, Der Tagesspiegel hōo Holtzbrinck tshut-pán tsi̍p-thuân [en] siu-kòo. Der Tagesspiegel bo̍k-tsiân ê tshut-pán-siong sī Dieter von Holtzbrinck, tsú-pian [en] sī Stephan-Andreas Casdorff hām Lorenz Maroldt; Pierre Gerckens, Giovanni di Lorenzo [en] kah Hermann Rudolph sī Der Tagesspiegel ê pian-tsi̍p. Mā ū tsi̍t-kuá-á tù-bîng ê tsok-ka pau-kuat Bas Kast [en] hām Harald Martenstein [en].\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Annikki Koskensalo; John Smeds; Angel Huguet; Rudolf De Cillia (2012). *Language: Competence-Change-Contact*. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 90.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ Craig R. Eisendrath; Melvin Allan Goodman; Melvin A. Goodman, pian. (2001). *The Phantom Defense: America's Pursuit of the Star Wars Illusion*. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 136.  (Eng-gí)\n3. ↑ Glen Segell, pian. (2004). *Disarming Iraq*. Glen Segell Publishers. p. 352.  (Eng-gí)\n4. ↑ W. Pojmann, pian. (2004). *Migration and Activism in Europe since 1945*. Springer. p. 2008. This qualitative analysis was complemented by a quantitative media analysis of coverage of the two case studies in two major Berlin dailies; the leftist Berliner Zeitung and the more centrist Tagesspiegel.  (Eng-gí)\n5. ↑ \"Der Tagesspiegel\". *VoxEurop*. 28 April 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Tāi-pò [en] (Broadsheet)\n* Sin-bûn muî-thé [en] (News media)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Der Tagesspiegel*** |\n\n* Official website (Tek-gú)\n* Society for News Design Tagesspiegel World's Best-Designed Detail Page\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 217311514\n* GND: 7535453-6\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Der Tagesspiegel","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1285,2942,0.43677770224337187],"infobox":["
    Der Tagesspiegel
    \n\"Tagesspiegel-Logo\"
    Der Tagesspiegel pò-siā ê pān-kong tuā-lâu.
    Type\nJi̍t-pò
    Format\nTāi-pò [en]
    Owner(s)\nVerlag Der Tagesspiegel GmbH (Dieter von Holtzbrinck muî-thé)
    Editor\nStephan-Andreas Casdorff
    Lorenz Maroldt
    Founded\n1945 nî 9 goe̍h 27 ji̍t;​ 77 nî í-chêng​ (1945-09-27)
    Language\nTik-kok
    Headquarters\nBerlin
    ISSN\n1865-2263
    Website\ntagesspiegel.de
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3223}} -{"text":"\n\n| Tiong-kok kok-kua [en] |\n| --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n|  \"Pu Tian Yue\" (hui kuan-hong) | 1878–1896\n |\n|  \"Tune of Li Zhongtang\" (hui kuan-hong) | 1896–1906\n |\n|  \"Praise the Dragon Flag\" (hui kuan-hong) | 1906–1911\n |\n|  \"Cup of Solid Gold\" | 1911–1912\n |\n|  \"Song of Five Races Under One Union\" | 1912–1913\n |\n|  \"Khing-hûn kua\" | 1913–1915\n |\n|  \"Tiong-huâ hiông-li̍p ú-tiū kan\" | 1915–1921\n |\n|  \"Khing-hûn kua\" | 1921–1928\n |\n|  \"Sam-bîn tsú-gī kua\" | 1928–present\n |\n|  \"Kok-tsè kua\" | 1931–1937\n |\n|  \"Gī-ióng-kun tsìn-hîng-khik\" | 1949–bo̍k-tsiân\n |\n\n |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n**Khing-hûn kua** (hàn-gú: 卿雲歌; ing-gú: Song to the Auspicious Cloud), tshut-tsū \"Siōng-su tāi-tuān [zh]·Gû hā tuān\" (尚書大傳·虞夏傳). Khing-hûn sī tsi̍t-tsióng siông-suī tsi hûn, Su-má Tshian \"Sú-kì·Thian-kuan su\" (史記·天官書), ū kì-tsài: \"jio̍k ian hui ian, jio̍k hûn huihûn, iok-iok hun-hun, siau-sok lûn-khun, sī uī khing-hûn. Khing-hûn, hí-khì iā. (若煙非煙, 若雲非雲, 郁郁紛紛, 蕭索輪囷，是謂卿雲. 卿雲, 喜氣也) Kiû tông kiû, \"Kiû buān-buān hê\" (糺縵縵兮) hîng-iông khing-hûn u-sû khiok-tsiat tsi tsōng. \"Khing-hûn-kua\" pat nńg-tōo iû Tiong-hua bîn-kok Pak-iûnn tsìng-hú tiông-sin phóo-khik pīng-tshiánn tīng-tsò kok-kua.\n\nLi̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSiōng-thâu-á ê pán-pún iû Belgium tsok-khik-ka kah sèkài-gú tsiá [en] tsuan-ka \"Jean Hautstont\" tī 1896-nî tshòng-tsok, Pīng-tshiánn tī 1913-nî tsì 1915-nî kî-kan iōng-tsò lîm-sî kok-kua. Tē-2 tshù ê pán-pún iû Siàu Iú-buê [en] (肖友梅) tsok-khik, tī 1921-nî tsì 1928-nî kî-kan hông iōng-tsò kuan-hong kok-kua. Tsit nn̄g-siú kua ê kua-sû lóng tshú-tshâi tsū Ho̍k Sing [en] (伏生) tī kong-guân tsiân 200-100 nî tsi-kan sóotù-tsok ê \"Siōng-su tāi-tuân\".\n\nNn̄g ê pán-pún ê \"Khing-hûn kua\" (卿雲歌) ê kua-sû lóng sī kin-kì \"Siōng-su tāi-tuān [zh]\" (尚書大傳) lāi-té ê tsi̍t-siú kua-khik kái-pian ê, thiann-kóng sī Tiong-kok kóo-tāi Sùn-tè thuân-uī hōo Tāi-ú ê sî-tsūn sóo tshiùnn ê. Siông-hûn kua ê kóo-bûnguân kua-sû jû-hā:\n\nKhing-hûn lān-hê, kiû buān-buān hê. Ji̍t-gua̍t kong-huâ, tàn-ho̍k tàn-hê. (卿雲爛兮, 糺縵縵兮. 日月光華, 旦復旦兮)\n\nTsit siú kua ê ì-siōngsī siōng-ting tio̍h tsuán-î kah piàn-huà, sóo tsí ê sī Tiong-kok kóo-tāi thuân-suat tang-tiong ê kun-tsú sè-si̍p tsè-tōo tsìn-tsîng, Giâu-sùn [zh] sî-tāi ê hông-tè jiōng-tsō jiōng-uī ê tsun-kuì tsik-uī tsè-tōo. Kun-tsú tsè-tōo kiat-sok, kiōng-hô-kok sîng-li̍p liáu-āu. Tsit siú kua-khik ê kua-sû siū-tio̍h tsiânn-tsē lâng ê khuànn tsiūnn-ba̍k, tsiânn-tsò sin tsìng-hú ê kok-kua.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"HAUTSTONT, Jean - [Dictionnaire international des militants anarchistes]\".\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Jîn-tì-ha̍k [en] (Anthroposophy)\n\nGuap-oo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Song to the Auspicious Cloud*** |\n\n* \"第二次《卿云歌》\". Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2015-07-13. 2009-03-01 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n* Audio, sheet music, and lyrics (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Kheng-hûn koa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[730,2580,0.28294573643410853],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3201}} -{"text":"**Gán-kiû Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi** (眼球中央電視台) sī Tâi-ôan ê chi̍t keng bāng-lō͘ mûi-thé, tī 2015 nî 8 goe̍h 5 ji̍t sêng-li̍p, chú-iàu hòng-sàng \"Iong-sī Chi̍t Hun-cheng\" (央視一分鐘) hē-lia̍t sin-bûn iáⁿ-phìⁿ, i ēng khau-sé ê hêng-sek chū-chheng \"Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Koaⁿ-mûi\" (中華民國官媒), bô͘-hóng Tiong-kok Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi ê pò-tō hong-sek chè-chok chhin-chhiūⁿ sin-bûn pò-tō ê chhòng-khang iáⁿ-phìⁿ kap streaming ti̍t-pò͘, pò-tō lōe-iông í ok-pìⁿ Hái-kiap lióng-hōaⁿ chèng-tī, kong-kiōng gī-tê kap khau-sé pó-siú-chú-gī ûi-chú.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"為何自稱官媒？ 眼球中央電視台：用反諷凸顯憲法荒謬\". 自由時報. 2016-11-03.\n2. ↑ \"什麼！30年交不到女朋友 也是陸客不來的錯？\". 聯合新聞網. 2016-09-07.\n3. ↑ \"自製反諷新聞影片 網路媒體好吸睛\". 公視新聞. 2016-12-11.\n4. ↑ \"對岸看過來！網推「藍八大攔轎寶島旅遊攻略」\". 自由時報. 2016-10-17.\n5. ↑ \"「金罵獎」酸片神嘲諷 摑面黨大贏家\". 蘋果日報. 2015-11-22.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Gán-kiû Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi ê Facebook choan-ia̍h\n* YouTube téng ê **Gán-kiû Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi** pîn-tō","meta":{"title":"Gán-kiû Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[428,1004,0.4262948207171315],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1170}} -{"text":"Bēng Boán-chiu\n**Bēng Boán-chiu** (孟晚舟) sī chi̍t ūi Tiong-kok seng-lí-lâng, hiān-jīm Hôa-ûi kong-si ê hù-táng-sū-tiúⁿ kiam châi-bū-tiúⁿ. I sī Hôa-ûi chhòng-pān-jîn Jīm Chèng-hui hām tē-it ê bó͘ Bēng Kun (孟軍) ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ.\n\n1993 nî ka-ji̍p Hôa-ûi kong-si. 1997 nî, tī Hôa-tiong Lí-kang Tāi-ha̍k tha̍k se̍k-sū. I tī pit-gia̍p āu tò-tńg khì Hôa-ûi siōng-pan, bat chò kòe Hôa-ûi kok-chè hōe-kè-pō͘ chóng-kàm, Hôa-ûi Hiong-káng kong-si châi-bū-tiúⁿ kap tiòng-bū koán-lí-pō͘ chóng-chhâi. 2011 nî 4 goe̍h, i chiâⁿ-chò Hôa-ûi siông-bū táng-sū kiam châi-bū-tiúⁿ. 2018 nî 3 goe̍h, seng-jīm hù-táng-sū-tiúⁿ kiam châi-bū-tiúⁿ, mā sī hiān-sî Hôa-ûi kî-hā 11 keng kong-si ê táng-sū.\n\n2018 nî 12 goe̍h chhe 1, Ka-ná-tāi kéng-hong èng Bí-kok chèng-hú ê su-hoat hō͘-chō͘ iau-kiû tái-pó͘ tī Un-ko-hôa choán-ki ê Bēng Boán-chiu, ín-hoat khan-sia̍p Bí-kok, Tiong-kok, Ka-ná-tāi 3 kok ê su-hoat, chèng-tī, gōa-kau sū-kiāⁿ. 2019 nî 1 goe̍h 28 hō, Bí-kok soan-pò͘ chèng-sek iau-kiû ín-tō͘ Bēng Boán-chiu, í 23 hāng chōe-miâ khí-sò͘ Hôa-ûi.","meta":{"title":"Bēng Boán-chiu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1014,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1169}} -{"text":"Marcel Duchamp\n**Marcel Duchamp** (Kok-chè Im-phiau: [maʀsɛl dyʃɑ̃]) (1887 nî 7 goe̍h 28 – 1968 nî 10 goe̍h 2) sī 1 ê Hoat-kok gē-su̍t-ka (āu—lâi tī 1955 nî pìⁿ Bí-kok-chek). I ê chok-phín kap lí-liām tùi Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn liáu-āu ê Se-iûⁿ bí-su̍t-kài ū chin toā ê éng-hióng. Lâng tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kā i kap Dada, Chhiau-hiān-si̍t-chú-gī ê ūn-tōng khan chò-hoé, chóng—sī i tī Chhiau-hiān-si̍t-phài ê kak-sek chú-iàu sī kha-chhiah-āu—ê. \n\nŪ chiok chē lâng siá chheh, bûn-chiuⁿ gī-lūn Duchamps ê chok-phín kap i ê su-sióng ê ì-gī. Tùi i lâi kóng, hit-koá kái-soeh oân-ná sī chhòng-chok; in hoán-èng kái-soeh ê lâng. I keng-koè i ê chok-phín thàm-thó gē-sut ê koè-thêng kap hêng-siau. Chhiūⁿ kóng i kā 1 chō jiō-chō (urinal) hō chò gē-su̍t, hō-miâ \"Choâⁿ-thâu\" (Fountain). Āu—lâi sīm-chì pàng-sak bí-su̍t, choan-tô͘ kiâⁿ se-iûⁿ-kî. I ê chok-phín bô chē; tong-sî ê *avant-garde* tiâu-liû lóng ū chhap—tio̍h.\n\nSeng-gâi\n--------\n\nI pún-miâ **Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp**, chhut-sì tī Hoat-kok Haute-Normandie tē-tāi ê Seine-Maritime ê chng-thâu, hō chò Blainville-Crevon. Ka-têng tiōng-sī bûn-hoà oa̍h-tōng, tī chhù-lāi sù-siông saⁿ-kap kiâⁿ-kî, tha̍k chheh, oē-tô͘, chàu im-ga̍k. Chhù—ni̍h ū koà chē-chē goā-kong Emile Nicolle ê koè-oē kap khek-pán chok-phín.\n\nChheng-siàu-liân sî, khai-sí o̍h oē-tô͘, thâu-khí-seng sī o̍h Ìn-siōng-chú-gī ê hong-keh. \n\n1927 nî 6 goe̍h 8, kap Lydie Sarazin-Lavassor kiat-liân-lí, 6 goe̍h-ji̍t tō lî-iân. 1954 nî kap Alexina \"Teeny\" Sattler kiat-hūn, it-ti̍t kàu Duchamps pia̍t-sè. 1955 nî i chiâⁿ chò Bí-kok kong-bîn.\n\nChok-phín kap bí-ha̍k su-sióng\n------------------------------\n\n### Chò-piān-mi̍h\n\nDuchamps khai-hoat chò-piān-mi̍h (readymades) chún gē-su̍t-phín ê su-sióng. I kéng koá thong-sio̍k, chè-chō piān ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ, ū-sî ē sió kái—koè, án-ne kā hō chò gē-su̍t. Tī chit ê koè-têng, kéng 1 hāng mi̍h-kiāⁿ, hō 1 ê miâ, chhiam 1 ê jī, hit ê thong-sio̍k mi̍h tō pìⁿ-chiâⁿ gē-su̍t-phín. Duchamps tùi sûn sī-kak gē-su̍t bô chhù-bī, keng-thé kóng he sī \"sī-bāng-moh gē-su̍t\" (retinal art). Ūi beh cháu-chhoē pa̍t chióng piáu-hiān ê hoat-tō͘, i tī 1915 nî khai-sí siat-kè chò-piān-mi̍h. Hit-tang-chūn \"chò-piān-mi̍h\" sī iōng lâi khu-pia̍t kang-tiûⁿ chè-chō—ê kap thoân-thóng chhiú-kang chò ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ. I kéng piān-mi̍h te̍k-pia̍t kéng hit-koá \"sī-kak-te̍k bô-bī-bô-sò͘\"--ê (visual indifference). I ê soán-tek hoán-èng chhut i kāu-khoe-hâi, gâu sau-that, hèng kiâⁿ ài-māi ê hong-keh. I bat kóng: \"...chū-pún to khài-liām iu-sian, m̄ sī sī-kak ê lē...sī 1 chióng teh hò͘ⁿ-tēng chiōng gē-su̍t lâi tēng-gī ê khó-lêng-sèng\" [*bô chhut-chhù*].\n\nDuchamp hān-chè chò-piān-mi̍h ê sán-gia̍h, kui-sì-lâng ke̍k-ke chiah 20 kiāⁿ nā-niā. I kám-kak án-ne lâi hān-chè, i chiah ū hoat-tō͘ pī-bián poa̍h lo̍h-khì phín-bī (taste) ê hām-khut. I liáu-kái oân-nā siám-pī phín-bī oân-nā kéng mi̍h-kiāⁿ, chit 2 hāng chi-kan ū mâu-tún. Phín-bī, \"hó\"--ê ia̍h \"bái\"--ê, i kám-kak lóng sī gē-su̍t ê sí-te̍k.\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:Marcel Duchamp*** |","meta":{"title":"Marcel Duchamp","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[68,2902,0.02343211578221916],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3439}} -{"text":"**Tōa Tâi-lâm Kong-chhia** (大台南公車) sī **Tâi-lâm-chhī Chhī-khu Khì-chhia Kheh-ūn** ê phín-pâi hêng-siōng miâ-chheng. Tōa Tâi-lâm Kong-chhia í Tâi-lâm-chhī kong-kiōng ūn-su chò-ûi chú-koán ki-koan ê khì-chhia ho̍k-bū, chú-iàu iû \"kàn-chi-sòaⁿ kong-chhia\" (幹支線公車) kap \"chhī-khu kong-chhia\" (市區公車) nn̄g tōa pō͘-hūn cho͘-sêng.\n\n2010 nî 12 goe̍h 25 hō, Tâi-lâm-koān kap Tâi-lâm-chhī (séng-hat-chhī) hat-khu ha̍p-pèng kái-chè chò chit-má ê Tâi-lâm-chhī (ti̍t-hat-chhī) liáu-āu, Kau-thong-pō͘ Kong-lō͘ Chóng-kio̍k Ka-gī-khu Kàm-lí-só͘ kā lō͘-sòaⁿ pí-lē tī Tâi-lâm-chhī hat-he̍k lāi chhiau-kòe 50% ê kong-lō͘ khì-chhia kheh-ūn lō͘-sòaⁿ î-kau hō͘ Tâi-lâm-chhī Chèng-hú kàm-lí. Chia-ê goân kong-lō͘ khì-chhia kheh-ūn lō͘-sòaⁿ tī 2013 nî 3 goe̍h chì 2013 nî 12 goe̍h kan tio̍k-pō͘ chéng-pèng chò 6 tiâu kàn-sòaⁿ kong-chhia lō͘-sòaⁿ kap 74 tiâu chi-sòaⁿ kong-chhia lō͘-sòaⁿ, í le̍k-sek, nâ-sek, chang-sek, kam-á-sek, n̂g-sek kap âng-sek hun-pia̍t chò-ûi 6 tiâu kàn-sòaⁿ kong-chhia hē-thóng ê sek-pia̍t gân-sek, iû Heng-lâm Kheh-ūn kap Sin-iâⁿ Kheh-ūn chit nn̄g keng bîn-êng khì-chhia kheh-ūn kong-si keng-êng.\n\nTōa Tâi-lâm Kong-chhia ê \"chhī-khu kong-chhia\" hē-thóng sī goân-té Tâi-lâm-chhī (séng-hat-chhī) só͘ hat ê 6 ê chhī-hat-khu (Tiong-se-khu, Tang-khu, Lâm-khu, Pak-khu, An-pêng-khu kap An-lâm-khu) kap Éng-khong-khu, Jîn-tek-khu kap Ko-hiông-chhī Ka-tiāⁿ-khu téng jîn-kháu bi̍t-chi̍p khu chò-ûi ho̍k-bū hoān-ûi ê kong-kiōng khì-chhia ho̍k-bū, iû Hú-siâⁿ Kheh-ūn, Heng-lâm Kheh-ūn kap Sù-hong Kheh-ūn keng-êng, tāi-pō͘-hūn lō͘-sòaⁿ sêng-si̍p ha̍p-pèng chêng chiū í-keng chûn-chāi ê Tâi-lâm-chhī (séng-hat-chhī) chhī-khu khì-chhia kheh-ūn lō͘-sòaⁿ.\n\nBo̍k-chiân, Tōa Tâi-lâm Kong-chhia ê êng-ūn lō͘-sòaⁿ sò͘ ū 113 tiâu: kàn-sòaⁿ kong-chhia 6 tiâu, chi-sòaⁿ kong-chhia 75 tiâu, chhī-khu kong-chhia 20 tiâu, koan-kong kong-chhia 4 tiâu, siang-chân pa-suh 1 tiâu, Ko-thih khoài-chia̍p 2 tiâu, tân-sèng chiap-poh kong-chhia 7 tiâu.","meta":{"title":"Tōa Tâi-lâm Kong-chhia","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1904,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2164}} -{"text":"Tōa pe̍h-hoe kúi-chiam-chháu\nTōa pe̍h-hoe kúi-chiam-chháu ê hoe\nTōa pe̍h-hoe kúi-chiam-chháu ê kóe-chí\n**Tōa pe̍h-hoe kúi-chiam-chháu** (Hàn-jī: 大白花鬼針草; Hôa-gí: 大花咸豐草; ha̍k-miâ: *Bidens pilosa* var. *radiata*) kui-sio̍k-î kiok-kho (*Compositae*) sī to-nî-seng ê chháu-pún si̍t-bu̍t. \n\nI kui-nî-thàu-tang lóng-ē khui-hoe, kah-ì seⁿ tī kui-kang ū ji̍t-thâu pha̍k ê só·-chāi.\n\nTī Tâi-oân i hun-pò· tī pêⁿ-tē kàu kē hái-poa̍t ê soaⁿ-khu, tī hái-piⁿ mā chiâⁿ chia̍p khòaⁿ--kìⁿ. I seⁿ tī lō·-piⁿ, pha-hng-tē, kap chháu-pō·-tē.\n\nHêng-thāi\n---------\n\nKeng sì-kak-hêng, ū lêng-kak.\n\nHio̍h-á sī tan-hio̍h, he̍k ki-sò· ú-chōng ho̍k-hio̍h; sió-hio̍h sī ke-nn̄g-hêng he̍k phi-chiam-hêng, ū chho· ê kì-á khí ê pian-iân.\n\nI ê hoe pâi-lia̍t hêng-sêng thâu-chōng-hoe-sū (*頭狀花序*) tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hông kiò-chò thâu-hoe. I ê thâu-hoe ê piⁿ-hoe (sia̍t-chōng-hoe, *邊花, 舌狀花*) ū 5~8 hio̍h, pe̍h-sek, ū-tang-sî--á sī chí-âng-sek, tn̂g 10~18 mm; sim-hoe (*心花, 筒狀花*) n̂g-sek; thâu-hoe ê ti̍t-kèng ē tōa kàu 4~5 mm, thêng-hiān sòaⁿ-pâng-chōng (*繖房狀*) pâi-lia̍t.\n\nKóe-chí sī sán-kó, o·-sek, ū 2~3 mûi phi tò-chhà-chhì ê bâng-chōng koan-mô· (*芒狀冠毛*). \n\nLēng-gōa iáu-ū sió pe̍h-hoe kúi-chiam-chháu (*Bidens pilosa* var.*minor*), kap n̂g-hoe kúi-chiam-chháu (*Bidens bipinnata*) seⁿ tio̍h chiok-sêng.","meta":{"title":"Tōa pe̍h-hoe kúi-chiam-chháu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1254,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1467}} -{"text":"The reverse side of the Great Seal of the United States (1776). The Latin phrase \"*novus ordo seclorum*\", appearing on the reverse side of the Great Seal since 1782 and on the back of the U.S. one-dollar bill since 1935, translates to \"New Order of the Ages\" and alludes to the beginning of an era where the United States of America is an independent nation-state; conspiracy theorists claim this is an allusion to the \"New World Order\".\n**Sin sè-kài tia̍t-sū (im-biô-lūn)** (ing-gú: The New World Order (NWO)) sī tsi̍t-tsióng im-biô-lūn, i ká-siat tsi̍t-ê pì-bi̍t tshut-hiān ê ki̍k-kuân tsú-gī sè-kài tsìng-hú. Kuan-î sin sè-kài tia̍t-sū ê im-biô-lūn ê kiōng-tông tsú-tê sī, tsi̍t-ê kū-iú tsuân-kiû tsú-gī gī-tîng ê pì-bi̍t kuân-lī tsing-ing tng-teh bi̍t-biô thong-kuè tsi̍t-ê to̍k-tshâi ê tan-it to̍k-tshâi ê tan-it sè-kài tsìng-hú —— i tio̍h-beh tshú-tāi tsú-kuân bîn-tso̍k kok-ka —— kah tsi̍t-ê pau-lô bān-siōng ê suan-thuân tsue-tsiong thóng-tī sè-kài, i-ê ì-sik hîng-thài huan-hoo sin sè-kài tia̍t-sū ê kiàn-li̍p sī li̍k-sú tsìn-pōo ê tíng-tiám. In-tshú, tsiânn-tsē ū íng-hióng-li̍k ê li̍k-sú kah tong-tāi jîn-bu̍t hông tsí-khòng sī im-biô tsi̍p-thuân ê tsi̍t-pōo-hūn, tsit-ê im-biô tsi̍p-thuân [en] thong-kuè tsiânn-tsē iám-hōo ki-kòo [en] lâi tshik-uē tiōng-tāi ê tsìng-tī hām kim-iông sū-kiānn; tsū ín-huat hē-thóng sìng uî-ki kàu teh kok-ka hām kok-tsè tsân-bīn thui-tōng ū tsing-gī ê tsìng-tshik, lâi tsok-uî tshú-lí hām tsin-hing ê pōo-sòo.\n\nTī 1990 nî-tāi tshoo tsi-tsîng, Sin sè-kài tia̍t-sū im-biô-lūn kan-na hān-tsè teh nn̄g-tsióng Bí-kok huán tsú-liû bûn-huà. Tsú-iàu sī hó-tsiàn ê huán tsìng-hú iū-i̍k, koh-lâi tō sī Ki-tok-kàu guân kàu-tsí tsú-gī [en] tang-tiong kah guī ki-tok [en] ê bua̍t-sè-lūn [en] tshut-hiān iú-kuan ê pōo-hūn. Gián-kiù im-biô-lūn kah tsong-kàu ki̍k-tuan tsú-gī ê ha̍k-tsiá, pí-jû Michael Barkun [en] hām Chip Berlet [en], kuan-tshat kàu iú-kuan Sin sè-kài tia̍t-sū ê iū-i̍k bîn-tshuì tsú-gī [en] im-biô-lūn m̄-nā hōo tsiânn-tsē u-miâ-huà tì-sik ê kiû-tō-tsiá sóo tsiap-siū; lî-tshiánn í-king siàm-thàu kàu liû-hîng bûn-huà tang-tiong, tsū-án-ne khui-tshòng 20 sè-kí bua̍t hām 21 sè-kí tshoo Bí-kok ê tsi̍t-tuān sî-kî; hit-tang-tsūn ta̍k-ke tng-teh tsik-ki̍k uī-tio̍h tshian-hi-nî ê sè-kài bua̍t-ji̍t tsîng-kíng tsò tsún-pī. Tsia--ê tsìng-tī ha̍k-kài tam-sim, tuì sin sè-kài tia̍t-sū im-biô-lūn êtuā-kui-bôo khí-môo-kong tsuè-tsiong khó-lîng tuì Bí-kok tsìng-tī sing-ua̍h sán-sing huí-bia̍t-sìng íng-hióng;tsū-án-ne put-tuān sing-kip ê to̍k-lông kiông-pōo tsú-gī kàu to̍k-tshâi ki̍k-tuan bîn-tso̍k tsú-gī siàn-tōng-ka [en] ê hiau-khí.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Lewis and Short, *A Latin Dictionary* (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ \"Novus Ordo Seclorum – Origin and Meaning of the Motto Beneath the American Pyramid\". GreatSeal.com.  (Eng-gí)\n3. 1 2 Camp, Gregory S. (1997). *Selling Fear: Conspiracy Theories and End-Times Paranoia*. Commish Walsh. ASIN B000J0N8NC.  (Eng-gí)\n4. 1 2 3 4 Berlet, Chip; Lyons, Matthew N. (2000). *Right-Wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort*. Guilford Press. ISBN 1-57230-562-2.  (Eng-gí)\n5. 1 2 Goldberg, Robert Alan (2001). *Enemies Within: The Culture of Conspiracy in Modern America*. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09000-5.  (Eng-gí)\n6. 1 2 3 4 Barkun, Michael (2003). *A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America*. University of California Press; 1 edition. ISBN 0-520-23805-2.  (Eng-gí)\n7. 1 2 Fenster, Mark (2008). *Conspiracy Theories: Secrecy and Power in American Culture* (2nd pán.). University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-5494-9.  (Eng-gí)\n8. ↑ Berlet, Chip (September 2004). \"Interview: Michael Barkun\". 1 October 2009 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n9. ↑ Pete Williams, Andrew Blankstein (1 November 2014). \"Sources: Alleged LAX gunman had 'new world order' conspiracy tract\". *NBC News*. 10 July 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n\nÊn-sin ua̍t-to̍k\n----------------\n\nThe following is a list of non-self-published non-fiction books that discuss New World Order conspiracy theories.\n\n* Carr, William Guy (1954). *Pawns in the Game*. Legion for the Survival of Freedom, an affiliate of the Institute for Historical Review. ISBN 0-911038-29-9.  (Eng-gí)\n* Still, William T. (1990). *New World Order: The Ancient Plan of Secret Societies*. Huntington House Publishers. ISBN 0-910311-64-1.  (Eng-gí)\n* Cooper, Milton William (1991). *Behold a Pale Horse*. Light Technology Publications. ISBN 0-929385-22-5.  (Eng-gí)\n* Kah, Gary H. (1991). *En Route to Global Occupation*. Huntington House Publishers. ISBN 0-910311-97-8.  (Eng-gí)\n* Martin, Malachi (1991). *Keys of This Blood: Pope John Paul II Versus Russia and the West for Control of the New World Order*. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-74723-1.  (Eng-gí)\n* Robertson, Pat (1992). *The New World Order*. W Publishing Group. ISBN 0-8499-3394-3.  (Eng-gí)\n* Wardner, James (1994) [1993]. *The Planned Destruction of America*. Longwood Communications. ISBN 0-9632190-5-7.  (Eng-gí)\n* Keith, Jim (1995). *Black Helicopters over America: Strikeforce for the New World Order*. Illuminet Press. ISBN 1-881532-05-4.  (Eng-gí)\n* Cuddy, Dennis Laurence (1999) [1994]. *Secret Records Revealed: The Men, The Money and The Methods Behind the New World Order*. Hearthstone Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 1-57558-031-4.  (Eng-gí)\n* Marrs, Jim (2001) [2001]. *Rule by Secrecy: The Hidden History That Connects the Trilateral Commission, the Freemasons, and the Great Pyramids*. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-093184-1.  (Eng-gí)\n* Lina, Jüri (2004). *Architects of Deception*. Referent Publishing. ASIN B0017YZELI.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Anti-globalization movement\n* Tâi-oân jîn-théseng-bu̍t chu-liāu-khò͘\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* World Government summit Official Website\n* Quotations related to New World Order at Wikiquote\n\nConspiracy theories [en]","meta":{"title":"Sin sè-kài tia̍t-sū (im-bô͘-lūn)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2517,5211,0.4830166954519286],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6147}} -{"text":"\n**Toubon huat** (tsuân-tshing: 1994-nî 8-gue̍h 4-ji̍t kuan-î huat-gú sú-iōng ê tē 94-665-hō huat-lu̍t: huat-gú: loi Toubon; ing-gú: Toubon Law) sī Huat-kok tsìng-hú [en] kui-tīng **kiông-tsè sú-iōng huat-gú ê tsi̍t-hāng huat-lu̍t**. Toubon huat kui-tīng kiông-tsè teh i-hā ê ki-kuan [de], tsoo-tsit [en], kuan-hong tsu-tsōo ê ha̍k-hāu tt. ê ki-kòo [de] pit-su kiông-tsè sú-iōng Huat-gú; kui-tīng sī teh kuan-hong tsìng-hú tshut-pán ê tshut-pán-bu̍t [en], sóo-ū ê kóng-kò, sóo-ū ê kang-tsok tiûñ-sóo, teh siong-gia̍p ha̍p-tông [en], kah kî-thañ ê tsi̍t-kuá siong-gia̍p thong-sìn khuân-kíng, sóo-ū tsìng-hú tsu-tsōo ê ha̍k-hāu hām līng-guā kî-thañ ê tsi̍t-kuá-á khuân-kíng lāi-té lóng-sī pit-su sú-iōng huat-gú lâi hén-sī piáu-ta̍t kóo-thong sìn-sit.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ See the text of the Toubon Law in English at La Délégation Générale à la Langue Française. (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Tsiong Thài-iām [zh]\n* Oxford tāi-ha̍k chhut-pán-siā [en] (Oxford tāi-ha̍k tshut-pán-siā/Oxford University Press)\n* Pī kik [en] (Aversive case)\n* Sin Tui [en] (Xin Zhui)\n* Chū-iû A-chiu tiān-tâi [en] (Tsū-iû A-tsiu tēn-tâi/Radio Free Asia)\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* Proposition de loi complétant la loi n° 94-665 du 4 août 1994 relative à l'emploi de la langue française (Eng-gí)\n* La protection linguistique des salariés dans la mondialisation: l’exemple de la France, communication de J-Cl. Amboise (Eng-gí)\n* L'emploi de la langue française : le cadre légal, sur le site de la DGLFLF (Eng-gí)\n* La loi Toubon est-elle applicable aux NTIC ? (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Toubon hoat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[774,1548,0.5],"infobox":["
    Toubon huat
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    \n
    Toubon huat
    (Loi Toubon)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1690}} -{"text":"1930 nî ê Bū-siā\n**Bū-siā sū-kiāⁿ** (霧社事件) sī Tâi-oân tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi tiong-kî ê 1930 nî hoat-seng ê goân-chū-bîn bú-chong khí-gī sū-kiāⁿ. Po̍k-hoat ê tē-tiàm tī-leh chit-má ê Lâm-tâu-koān Jîn-ài-hiong. Sū-kiāⁿ ê khí-in sī Seediq-cho̍k goân-chū-bîn put-boán Chòng-tok-hú tn̂g-kî í-lâi ê po̍k-chèng, iû thâu-lâng Mona Rudo su̍t-niá kok pō͘-lo̍h liân-ha̍p khí-sū, kong-kek iû Ji̍t-pún-lâng kiàn-li̍p ê iūⁿ-pán chū-lo̍h Bū-siā, thàn Bū-siā kong-ha̍k-hāu kí-hêng ūn-tōng-hōe sî thâi-sí chē-chē Ji̍t-pún-lâng. Sū-hoat liáu-āu, Ji̍t-pún hong-bīn má-siōng tiàu-chi̍p kun-tūi kap kéng-chhat, ēng hui-hêng-kim soaⁿ-phàu, to̍k-khì téng-téng bú-khì kiông-le̍k tìn-ap. Chòe-āu, Mona Rudo chū-sat, chham-ú hêng-tōng ê pō͘-lo̍h cho-gū bia̍t-cho̍k, chē-chē cho̍k-jîn chi̍p-thé tiàu-tāu, chhun-ê î-seng-chiá pī Ji̍t-pún-lâng soá khì Chhoan-tiong-tó chi̍p-tiong koán-lí. Chit pái ê sū-kiāⁿ gông-gia̍h tio̍h Ji̍t-pún chèng-hú kap kok-chè siā-hōe, tî-liáu Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú ê lí-hoan chèng-chhek cho-gū tio̍h tiōng-tāi thiáu-chiàn, mā chō-sêng hit-tang-chūn ê chóng-tok Isizuka Eizô lī-chit.","meta":{"title":"Bū-siā sū-kiāⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1112,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1252}} -{"text":"\n\n**Lōan í chè-chok-jîn** (Hàn-jī: 戀與製作人, Ji̍t. 恋とプロデューサー〜EVOL×LOVE〜, Eng. Mr Love: Queen's Choice / Mr Love: Dream Date) sī So͘-chiu-tia̍p-chí-bóng-lo̍k-kho-kī-iú-hān-kong-si (蘇州疊紙網絡科技有限公司) khai-hoat ê lú-sèng-hiòng **chhiú-ki**-iû-hì.\n\nSè-kài-koan\n-----------\n\n### Chhiah-sek lú-ông ká-soat (赤色女王假說, The Red Queen Hypothesis)\n\n### Evol\n\nEvol sī bun chok tiong chhiau-lêng-le̍k ê chheng-ho͘.\n\n### Black Swan Kè-hoa̍t (Black Swan Project)\n\nTeng-tiûⁿ jîn-bu̍t\n------------------\n\n### Khó-kong-lio̍k tùi-siōng\n\n* Pe̍h-khí (白起)\n\nLoān-gí-chhī te̍k-chhiam-sú(特遣署) ê Evol tek-pia̍t-kéng-chhat, Evol sī khòng-chè hong.\n* Lí Te̍k-giân (李澤言)\n\nHôa-juē(華銳)-chi̍p-toân ê CEO , Evol sī khòng-chè sî-kan.\n* Hí-be̍k (許墨)\n\nLoān-gí-tāi-ha̍k(戀語大學) ê khek-chō(客座) kàu-siū, Evol bī-ti.\n* Chiu Kî-lo̍k (周棋洛)\n\nChhiau-kip kī-seng(巨星), Evol sī choa̍t-tui khip-ín-le̍k.\n1. ↑ Au-bí sū-ho̍k-khì, chhàm-kiàn koan-hong Twitter.\n2. ↑ Tang-lâm-a sū-ho̍k-khì, chhàm-kiàn koan-hong Twitter.","meta":{"title":"Lōan í chè-chok-jîn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[180,920,0.1956521739130435],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1106}} -{"text":"\nIm-ga̍k (Bí-kok Hái-kun Ga̍k-thoân ián-chàu)\n**Kun chi Tài** (君之代, Ji̍t-pún-oē: 君が代, Hepburn-sek Lô-má-jī: Kimigayo), ia̍h-sī **Kun-tāi-koa** (君代歌), sī Ji̍t-pún ê kok-koa. Koa-sû chhut-chù (出處) sī *Kó͘-kim Hô-koa-chi̍p* (古今和歌集), tâu chi̍t kù sī 我が君は (wa ga kimi wa, gún kok-kun (國君)). Liáu-āu tī *Hô-Hàn Lóng-ēng-chi̍p* (和漢朗詠集) chhut-hiān hiān-tāi pán. Chò-khek-chiá sī Hayashi Hiromori (林廣守).\n\n*Kun chi Tài* siōng chá tī Bêng-tī Sî-tāi (明治時代) tēng-chò Ji̍t-pún kok-koa. Hiong-káng Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi (香港日本時代) ū chèng-sek Tiong-bûn (Bûn-giân-bûn) pán, hō-choè *Hông-chò͘* (皇祚). Tē 2 pái sè-kài tāi-chiàn (第二擺世界大戰) í-āu, in-ùi Chù-ji̍t Bêng-kun Chóng-su-lēng (駐日盟軍總司令) kong-pò͘ Ji̍t-pún chèng-hú tāi-chiàn chìn-chêng ê kong-kò (公告) bô-hāu, só͘-í piàn-chò sū-si̍t siōng (事實上, de facto) ê kok-koa. 1999 nî 8 goe̍h 9 ji̍t, Ji̍t-pún Chham-gī-īⁿ (日本參議院) tong-koè *Koan-sia̍p (關涉) Kok-kî kap Kok-koa ê Hoat-lu̍t* (国旗及び国歌に関する法律, kán-lio̍k-chò (簡略做) *Kok-kî Kok-koa Hoat*), *Kun chi Tāi* koh chiâⁿ-chò chèng-sek ê Ji̍t-pún kok-koa, ùi 2000 nî 3 goe̍h 1 ji̍t khí ū hāu.\n\nKoa-sû\n------\n\n| Goân-bûn (1999 nî) | Choan iōng kana | Ji̍t-pún-sek Lô-má-jī | Hiong-káng Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê bûn-giân hoan-e̍k (Bân-lâm-gú tha̍k-chhè-im) | Hui chèng-sek Bân-lâm-gú hoan-e̍k |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 君が代は千代に八千代にさざれ石[1]のいわお[2]となりて苔の生すまで | きみがよはちよにやちよにさざれいしのいわおとなりてこけのむすまで | kimigayo watiyo ni yatiyo nisazareisi noiwao to naritekoke no musu made | 皇祚連綿兮久長 \n萬世不變兮悠長\n小石凝結成巖兮\n更巖生綠苔之祥\nHông-chò͘ liâm-biân hê kú-tiông,\nbān sè put piàn hê iû-tiông.\nSió se̍k gêng-kiat sêng giâm hê,\nkèng giâm seng lio̍k thai chi siông.[3] | Lí ê nî-hè \nū chheng-tāi, it-ti̍t-kàu peh-chheng tāi, \nùi chio̍h-á kiat-chò gâm-chio̍h,\nkàu gâm-chio̍h seⁿ thî. |\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ さざれ石 mā ē-sái siá-chò 細石.\n2. ↑ いわお ê Hàn-jī sī 巖.\n3. ↑ liân-ue̍h sī chham-khó, si̍t-chè siōng ta̍k jī lóng bô piàn-tiàu.\n\nKoan-liân Bûn-chiuⁿ\n-------------------\n\n* Hino kī-choa̍t phoāⁿ-chàu Kun chi Tāi ê sò͘-siōng (Hino 拒絕伴奏君之代的訴訟)\n* Kun chi Tāi siáu-liân\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 东京教师未唱君之代遭处分 上法庭告教委 (Hoâ-gí)\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**:ja:君が代** |","meta":{"title":"Kun chi Tāi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1051,2199,0.4779445202364711],"infobox":["
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    Ji̍t-bûn\n君が代
    Kana\nきみがよ
    Hepburn-sek Lô-má-jī\nKimigayo
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2600}} -{"text":"2009 nî sè-kài kok-kok ê kun-tūi jîn-sò͘\n**Kun-tūi** (軍隊), iā hō-chò bú-chong le̍k-liōng, sī kok-ka ūi-tio̍h pó-hō͘ i-ê kok-ka kap jîn-bîn ê lī-ek, siū-khoân sú-iōng tì-bēng bú-le̍k kap bú-khì ê chèng-kui bú-chong le̍k-liōng. Kun-tūi ê jīn-bū it-poaⁿ sī pó-hō͘ kok-ka kap jîn-bîn, í-ki̍p tùi kî-thaⁿ kok-ka hoat-tōng chiàn-cheng; mā ū chi̍t-kóa kok-ka ê chèng-kui bú-chong le̍k-liōng bô kiò-chò \"kun-tūi\", chhin-chhiūⁿ oân-choân kun-sū-hòa ê Ji̍t-pún Chū-ōe-tūi.\n\nTaⁿ it-poaⁿ kok-ka ê kun-tūi tāi-iok ū lio̍k-kun (hâm hiàn-peng), hái-kun (hâm hái-kun lio̍k-chiàn-tūi) kap khong-kun téng kun-chióng. Lēng-gōa koh ū te̍k-sû pō͘-tūi, thài-khong pō͘-tūi, tiān-chú-chiàn pō͘-tūi téng-téng. Tī kun-jîn tiong, ū kun-koaⁿ, sū-koaⁿ, sū-peng téng kun-kai. Kun-tūi ē-tàng lī-iōng kok-ka gī-bū-e̍k ia̍h-sī chì-goān-e̍k lâi pó-chhiong peng-goân.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85007241\n* BNF: cb11952003d (data)\n* NDL: 00562612\n* NKC: ph123886\n* BNE: XX524775\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kun-tūi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[91,937,0.09711846318036287],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1147}} -{"text":"\n**Bí-kok Kok-bū Pō͘** (Eng-gí: *United States Department of State*), Hàn-bûn mā hoan-e̍k chò **Kok-bū-īⁿ** (國務院), sī Bí-kok chú-koán kok-chè koan-hē ê liân-pang chân-kip hêng-chèng pō͘-mn̂g.\n\nHō-miâ\n------\n\n1789 nî 9 goe̍h 15, Bí-kok kok-hōe thong-kòe chi̍t hāng hoat-àn, lāi-bīn pau-koat kā chìn-chêng ê Gōa-bǔ-pō͘ (*Department of Foreign Affairs*) kái miâ chò Kok-bū-pō͘, che chú-iàu sī phòe-ha̍p hit-chūn phài chi̍t kóa kok-lāi sū-bū hō͘ in. Hia ê tāi-chì pau-koat ū hoat-pò͘ kap pó-koán Bí-kok hoat-lu̍t téng chē khoán kì-lio̍k khang-khòe. Hiān-chāi iáu koh î-chhî kok-lāi sū-bū ū Tōa-chiong (*Great Seal*) ê pó-chûn kap Pe̍h-kiong ê gî-sek téng tāi-chì.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Why is the Department called the Department of State?\". *Office of the Historian*. Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, United States Department of State. 2017-01-25 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Bí-kok Kok-bū Pō͘-tiúⁿ\n\n| | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nBí-kok liân-pang hêng-chèng pō͘-bûn |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Pō͘-bûn | \n* Châi-chèng\n* Hông-bū\n* Kàu-io̍k\n* Kok-bū\n* Lêng-goân\n* Lông-gia̍p\n* Ōe-seng kap Kong-kiōng Ho̍k-bū\n* Kok-thó͘ An-choân\n* Khiā-chhù kap To͘-chhī Hoat-tián\n* Lōe-chèng\n* Su-hoat\n* Lô-kang\n* Ūn-su\n* Siong-gia̍p\n* Thè-ngó͘ Kun-jîn Sū-bū\n\n |\n| |\n| Khah-chá | \n* Khong-kun\n* Lio̍k-kun\n* Siong-bū kap Lô-kang\n* Ōe-seng, Kàu-io̍k kap Hok-lī\n* Hái-kun\n* Iû-chèng\n* Chiàn-cheng\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Bí-kok Kok-bū Pō͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[641,1296,0.49459876543209874],"infobox":["
    Bí-kok Kok-bū Pō͘
    \nUnited States Department of State
    \n
    \n
    Bí-kok Kok-bū Pō͘ chóng-pō͘
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1622}} -{"text":"Sin-pán Te̍k-khu\n**Sin Pang-kiô Chhia-chām Te̍k-tēng Choan-iōng-khu** (新板橋車站特定專用區) sī tī Tâi-oân Sin-pak-chhī Pang-kiô-khu ê chi̍t ê kok-ka tiōng-tiám kiàn-siat kè-ōe khu-he̍k, it-poaⁿ kán-chheng **Sin-pán Te̍k-khu** (新板特區) ia̍h **Sin-chām Te̍k-khu** (新站特區), khu-he̍k lāi ū choân Tâi-oân tē-it ê sêng-hêng ê sì-thih kiōng-kò͘ (Ko-thih, Tâi-thih, Chia̍t-ūn, kap Kheh-ūn) chhia-chām, bān-pêⁿ to͘-hōe kong-hn̂g kap tōa-hêng kóng-tiûⁿ, Sin-pak-chhī Chèng-hú kok kio̍k-chhù kap tiong-iong chèng-hú hat-hā ê Hêng-chèng-īⁿ Kim-iông Kàm-tok Koán-lí Úi-oân-hōe, Tì-hūi Châi-sán Hoat-īⁿ, Kau-thong-pō͘ Thih-tō-kio̍k téng pō͘-hōe chìn-chù tī chia; khu-lāi mā ū chē keng ho̍k-ha̍p-sek kò͘-bu̍t tiong-sim kap siong-tiûⁿ iáⁿ-siâⁿ, bī-lâi koh ū Tōa Tâi-pak Sin Kio̍k-īⁿ, hōe-tián tiong-sim kap koan-kong pn̄g-tiàm ê kui-ōe. Pang-kiô-khu pī tēng-gī chò Sin-pak-chhī ia̍h Tâi-pak to͘-hōe-khu sai-pêng (Tām-chúi-hô sai-hōaⁿ) ê chú-iàu to͘-sim siâⁿ-chhī kap kau-thong chhu-liú, ah Sin-pán Te̍k-khu sī siong-gia̍p he̍k-sim, bo̍k-chiân iu-goân teh chhî-sio̍k hoat-tián lâi khok-tāi hoān-ûi ê chhu-sè.","meta":{"title":"Sin Pang-kiô Chhia-chām Te̍k-tēng Choan-iōng-khu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1091,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1238}} -{"text":"Paiwan-cho̍k\nKaviyangan siā siú-léng ê chhù\n**Paiwan-cho̍k** sī Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn ê 1-cho̍k. In khiā-khí ê khu-he̍k tī Tâi-oân lâm-pō·, siōng-pak kàu Tāi-bú-soaⁿ (大武山) soaⁿ-tē, siōng-lâm kah Hêng-chhun (恆春), nā ǹg sai sī kàu E̍h-liâu (隘寮), tang-pêng kàu Thài-mâ-lí (太麻里) lâm-bīn ê hái-hoāⁿ. Paiwan ê hoat-chó· sī Pak-tāi-bú-soaⁿ (北大武山).\n\nPaiwan-cho̍k koh hun-chò **Raval** kap **Vutsul** 2-ê a-cho̍k, nā **Vutsul** iū-koh lēng-goā hun-chò **Paumaumaq**, **Chaoboobol**, **Parilario** kap **Paqaroqaro** chit kúi-ê kûn.\n\nIn ê jîn-kháu chi̍p-tiong tī Pîn-tong-koān, nā kōan lāi-té, sī Lâi-gī-hiong (來義鄉) Paiwan ê lâng siōng-chē. Lēng-goā chhin-chhiūⁿ Má-ka-hiong (瑪家鄉), Soaⁿ-ti-mn̂g-hiong (三地門鄉), Thài-bú-hiong (泰武鄉), Chhun-ji̍t-hiong (春日鄉), Sai-chú-hiong (獅子鄉), Bó͘-tan-hiong (牡丹鄉) hām Tâi-tang-koān ê chi̍t-kóa hêng-chèng-khu mā lóng ū in khiā-ke ê só·-chāi.\n\nSio̍k-tī Paiwan ê Parilario ê Bó-tan-hiong tī le̍k-sú-sīong chin ū-miâ, Chhin-kok-sî-tāi ê Tông-tī (同治) kî-kan, bat hoat-seng Bó͘-tan-siā sū-kiāⁿ (牡丹社事件), āu--lâi sīm-chì piàn-chò kok-chè-sèng ê toā-tāi-chì.\n\nKàu 2003-nî ê thóng-kè chu-liāu, Paiwan-cho̍k ê jîn-kháu kè-kīong ū 7-bān gōa lâng.\n\nPaiwan ê gē-su̍t\n----------------\n\nPaiwan-cho̍k siōng-kài hō· lâng chù-ba̍k ê tō-sī in lè-táu ê saⁿ kap chng-thāⁿ, kìⁿ-nā in hun-lé he̍k-chiá sī chè-lé ê to·-ha̍p, tō thang khoàⁿ-tio̍h cho̍k-jîn thâu-khak-téng tì chin súi ê bō-á, he bō-á ēng hoe, chháu, chiáu-mn̂g kap tōng-bu̍t ê kak hām gê chò chng-thāⁿ, nā saⁿ mā ū chin-chē hoe-chháu, ū chhiah-siù kap chng lîu-lî-chu, jî-chhiáⁿ ta̍k-ê Paiwan-lâng saⁿ téng-koân ê hoe-chháu koh lóng bô-kāng-khoán, in ê ho̍k-chong ê gē-su̍t ē-sái kóng chin chhut-miâ.\n\nGē-su̍t hong-bīn, in ê tiau-khek mā chin hō· lâng o-ló, in-ūi in cho̍k ê kai-kip chè-tō·, ki-pún-siōng sī kan-taⁿ kùi-cho̍k chiah ē-tàng ū chhù--ni̍h ê tiau-khek--ê, pí-lūn-kóng mn̂g-táu, khi̍t-á, liân phó·-thong-sî-á teh ēng ê au-á, thng-sî-á, loa̍h-á kap cha-po·-lâng chò chng-thāⁿ ê to ê to-pìⁿ lóng ū chit-khoán ê hān-chè. In cha̍k-hoe ê chú-tê, chú-iàu sī í sîn-oē, thoân-soeh, kap chó·-lêng ê sīong.\n\nLēng-goā 1-khóan gē-su̍t piáu-hiān, sī tī in seng-khu-téng ê chhiah-hoe, Paiwan-lâng ê chhiah-hoe kan-taⁿ chhiah tī cha-bó·-lâng ê chhiú-poâⁿ, cha-po·-lâng ê heng-khám kap kha-chiah-phiaⁿ. Nā beh chhiah-hoe, tio̍h ài-sī pō·-lo̍k lāi-té ê kùi-cho̍k, he̍k-chiá-sī ū te̍k-sû ê kong-lô, keng-koè mamazangilan (thâu-bo̍k) ún-chún, chiah ē-tàng-tit. Só·-í chhiah-hoe pún-sin hām chhiah-hōe ê hoe-chháu, mā tāi-piáu-tio̍h in ê siā-hoē kai-kip.\n\nMamazangilan (thâu-bo̍k) kap kùi-cho̍k ū chi̍t-koá chng-thāⁿ ê tia̍t-koân, pí-lūn chin sêng pah-pō·-chhiuⁿ hoe-chháu ê kang lāi-hi̍oh chiáu-mn̂g, ko-kùi ê lîu-lî-chu hām tia̍t-pia̍t ê hoe-chháu ( lâng-thâu kap pah-pō·-chhiuⁿ ê hoe-chháu téng-téng).\n\nHīan-chhú-sî, mamazangilan éng-koè choan-īong ê hoe-chháu í-keng khai-hòng--ah, m̄-koh thâu-chhah téng-koân ê 1-kóa choan-iōng chng-thāⁿ khoán-sek, iáu ū chiâⁿ-chē pō·-lo̍k chun-síu.\n\nKai-kip chè-tō·\n---------------\n\nPaiwan ê kai-kip chè-tō· chin giâm-keh, tāi-khài hun-chò **mamazangilan** (thâu-bo̍k), **kùi-cho̍k**, **íong-sū** kap **peh-sèⁿ-lâng** 4-ê kai-kip. Kùi-cho̍k lāi-té, koh chiàu in kap mamazangilan ê chhin-chiâⁿ koan-hē hun-chò 2-ê kàu 3-ê kai-kip.\n\nKùi-cho̍k ê hun-in chin ài tùi-thâu-chhin, só·-í mamazangilan tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kap kî-thaⁿ pō·-lo̍k ê mamazangilan chò chhin-chiâⁿ.\n\nMamazangilan tī Paiwan sī tē-chú, in ū thó·-tē, khe-chúi kap la̍h-tîuⁿ ê só·-iú-koân, koh ē-tàng thàu-koè hun-in lâi kā ka-tī ê léng-tē hùn-toā, nā-sī kai-kip khah-kē ê cho̍k-jîn tō ǹg-bāng ē-tàng kap kai-kip khah-koân ê lâng kiat-hun, thang hō· ka-tī ê kai-kip piàn koân, só·-í in ê kiáⁿ-jî cha-bó·-kiáⁿ tō ē ū kai-kip kái-piàn ê hiān-siōng.\n\nPaiwan ê kai-kip koan-liām m̄-nā piáu-hiān tī châi-sán kap hun-in téng-koân, in liân hō-miâ mā tio̍h chiàu kai-kip lâi kiâⁿ. Lán ē-sái khoàⁿ lâng-miâ tō chai-iáⁿ 1-ê Paiwan-lâng tī cho̍k lāi-bīn ê kai-kip.\n\nŪ ê lâng ê miâ sī mamazangilan siú-sū--ê, tio̍h keng-koè mamazangilan ê ún-chún, chiah ē-sái ēng pí ka-tī kai-kip khah-koân ê miâ.\n\nMamazangilan sī pō·-lo̍k ê thóng-tī-chiá, mā-sī in cheng-sîn ê siōng-teng, cho̍k-jîn ūi i choh-si̍t, siu-sêng tio̍h la̍p-soè hō·--i. Mamazangilan mā chú-chhî pō·-lo̍k ê toā-tāi-chì, chhin-chhiūⁿ chiàn-cheng, chè-lé, kap goā-kau ê khang-khoè.\n\nKai-kip chè-tō· sī 1-tāi thoân-koè 1-tāi--ê, m̄-koh tī lâm-lú chit-pō·-hūn, Paiwan sī 1-ê líong-sèng pêng-téng ê siā-hoē. Ka-cho̍k ê châi-sán kap koân-lī sī hō· sīong-toā-hàn ê gín-á lâi kè-sêng, kî-thaⁿ ê hiaⁿ-tī-chí-bē tī kiat-hun liáu-āu tō poaⁿ--chhut-khì, lēng-goā khí-ke, chin-chē pō·-lo̍k ū chhut-hiān cha-bó· ê mamazangilan.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hêng-chèng-īⁿ ū sêng-jīm | Amis-cho̍k (Pangcah)   Tayal-cho̍k   Bunun-cho̍k   Kanakanavu-cho̍k   Kavalan-cho̍k   Paiwan-cho̍k   Puyuma-cho̍k   Rukai-cho̍k   Saaroa-cho̍k   Sakizaya-cho̍k   Saisiyat-cho̍k   Seediq-cho̍k   Tao-cho̍k   Thao-cho̍k   Truku-cho̍k   Tsou-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Tē-hng ū sêng-jīm | Makatao-cho̍k (Pîn-tong-koān)   Siraya-cho̍k (Tâi-lâm-chhī)   Taivuan-cho̍k (Hoa-liân-koān Hù-lí-hiong) |\n| |\n| Koaⁿ-hong bô sêng-jīm | Babuza-cho̍k   Basay-cho̍k   Hoanya-cho̍k   Kaxabu-cho̍k   Ketagalan-cho̍k   Kulon-cho̍k   Luilang-cho̍k   Papora-cho̍k   Pazeh-cho̍k   Qauqaut-cho̍k   Taokas-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ hun-lūi | Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k   Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k   Formosa-lâng |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Paiwan cho̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[658,5245,0.12545281220209722],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6265}} -{"text":"Chi̍t-pîng \"**Bûn-jī hē-thóng**\" ê ia̍h-bīn sī pe̍h-ōe-jī, ū hàn-jī liân-kiat\"**文字系統**\" ê ia̍h-bīn tī chi̍t-hāng tiám-chhut.\n*Koan-hē tiān-náu ê \"bûn-jī\" chu-liâu, khòaⁿ bûn-jī (tiān-náu).*\n\n| Su-siá hē-thóng |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Abjad |\n|   Arabic   Hebrew |\n| Abugida |\n|   Canadian syllabic   Ethiopic   North Indic   South Indic   Thaana |\n| Alphabetical |\n|   Armenian   Cyrillic   Georgian   Greek   Hangul   Latin |\n| Logographic and Syllabic |\n|   Hanzi [L]   Kana [S] / Kanji [L]   |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n**Bûn-jī hē-thóng** sī iōng tô·-hêng lâi kì-lok gí-giân ê hē-tóng. Chit chióng tô·-hêng, it-poaⁿ kiò-chòe bûn-jī. 1-ê gí-giân ē-sài iōng 1-chóng í-siōng ê bûn-jī hē-thóng lâi piáu-ta̍t. 1-ê bûn-jī hē-thóng ē-sài iōng tī 1-chóng í-siōng ê gí-giân. 1 thò bûn-jī hē-thóng kap 1-chóng gí-giân sio-kap ê sî, su-iàu 1-thò chiàⁿ-jī-hoat.\n\nBûn-jī hē-thóng it-poaⁿ ē-sài chho· hun chòe 3-lūi. **Piáu-ì bûn-jī** (logographic), **Im-chiat bûn-jī** (syllabic) kap **Phèng-im bûn-jī** (alphabetic).\n\nBûn-jī hē-thóng ê le̍k-sú\n-------------------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nPiáu-ì/Tô·-siōng (Logographic) bûn-jī hē-thóng\n----------------------------------------------\n\nTī piáu-ì bûn-jī hē-thóng lāi, ki-pún-siōng 1-ê jī tio̍h tāi-piáu 1-ê oân-chéng ê kài-liām iah-sī ì-sù. Ūi-tio̍h beh piáu-ta̍t kap siá 1-ê gí-giân só·-ū ê kài-liām/ì-sù, su-iàu chin-chē bô-kâng ê jī. Kah phèng-im bûn-jī hē-thóng pí-khì-lâi, beh o̍h iōng piáu-ì bûn-jī siá 1-ê gí-giân ài ke poē chin-chē jī. Che sī piáu-ì bûn-jī ê 1-ê khat-tiám. In-ùi piáu-ì bûn-jī ê jī kap ì-sù sī sio-kap chò-hoé--ê. Kâng-khoán 1-thò piáu-ì bûn-jī hē-thóng chiáu-kóng ē-sài iōng-lâi siá bô-kâng-khoán ê gí-giân. M̄-koh, si̍t-chè siōng 1-thò piáu-ì bûn-jī tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ka-na ē-sài tī chin oá ê gí-giân tiong-kan sio-thong. Pí-lūn kóng hàn-jī kap hàn-gí hē-thóng ê gí-giân. Che sī in-ùi SYNTAX ē hān-chè 1-ê piáu-ì bûn-jī ê thong-iōng-sèng. Ji̍p-pún-oē kap Hân-kok-oē lóng ū iōng hàn-jī, chia-ê hàn-jī ê ì-sù kap hàn-gí hē-thóng ê ì-sù chin-oá. M̄-koh, che 2-ê gí-giân kap hàn-gí chha chin-hn̄g. Só·-í, iōng hàn-jī siá ê hàn-gí bûn-jī tùi Ji̍p-pún-lâng kap hân-kok-lâng lâi kóng bô-hoat-tō lí-kái. \n\nSiōng tiōng-iàu ê piáu-ì bûn-jī hē-thóng sī hàn-jī. Kó·-chá ê Egypt bûn kap Maya bûn mā sī piáu-ì bûn-jī. M̄-koh chit 2-chióng bûn-jī í-kēng bô-leh-iōng--ah.\n\nIm-chiat (Syllabic) bûn-jī hē-thóng\n-----------------------------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nPhèng-im (Alphabetic) bûn-jī hē-thóng\n-------------------------------------\n\n1-ê phèng-im bûn-jī hē-thóng iōng 1-koá jī-bó lâi siá 1-ê gí-giân. Chia-ê jī-bó kap chit-ê gí-giân ê im-sò· ū siong-tong ê koan-hē. 1-ê lí-sióng ê phèng-im bûn-jī hē-thóng jī-bó kap im-sò· sī 1-ê tùi 1-ê tùi hó-hó: ē-hiáu siá tio̍h ē-hiáu tha̍k, ē-hiáu-tha̍k tio̍h ē-hiáu siá.\n\nBûn-jī hē-thóng hun-lūi\n-----------------------\n\n| Type of writing system | What each symbol represents | Example |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Piáu-ì | morpheme | Hàn-jī |\n| Im-chat | syllable | Katakana |\n| Pheng-im | Im-sò· | Latin |\n| Abugida | consonant+vowel, vowel | Devanagari |\n| Abjad | consonant | Arabic |\n| Featural | phonetic feature | Korean |\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Bûn-jī hē-thóng lia̍t-toaⁿ\n* Chiàⁿ-jī-hoat","meta":{"title":"Bûn-jī hē-thóng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[485,2914,0.1664378860672615],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3738}} -{"text":"**Bûn-hoat** (文法), mā kiò **gí-hoat** (語法), sī lán lâng chhùi-kóng iah-sī su-siá 1 ê gí-giân ê sî sūn-thàn ê kui-chek. Chit thò kui-chek chhù-lí liáu chú-kù, phiàn-gí, kap tan-jī ê cho͘-ha̍p. Lēng-gōa, chi̍t jī mā thang chí tùi chia kui-chek ê gián-kiù ha̍k-būn.\n\nIōng-gí\n-------\n\n\"Bûn-hoat\" iā \"gí-hoat\" che iōng-gí, ū khó-lêng piáu-sī ē-kha chia-ê bô-kâng ê ì-sù:\n\n1. gí-giân ê gián-kiù: bó͘-chi̍t-chióng gí-giân ê ūn-chok, koan-hē i lóng-chóng ê te̍k-sèng. Chit-ê ì-sù sī teh kóng *tùi gí-giân ê lāi-té só͘-ū ê tì-sek ê gián-kiù*.\n2. gí-kù kiat-kò͘ ê gián-kiù. Thàu-kòe kui-chek kap lē lâi khui-phòa gí-giân lāi-té ê gí-kù sī án-chóaⁿ khí-chō--ê. Tī chit-ê ì-sù--lí, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī chí it-poaⁿ teh kóng *chèng-khak ê gí-hoat*, iā tō sī tī kàu-kho-chu ia̍h gí-giân kàu-châi lāi-té ê kui-chek.\n3. Lán lâng teh sêng-tióng ê kòe-têng-tiong chiam-tùi lán ê bô͘-gí lâi kiàn-li̍p ê gí-giân hē-thóng. Che sī hō-chò *bó-gí-lâng ê gí-hoat* (native-speaker's grammar).p446p453\n\nLán kìⁿ-nā kóng bó-gí ê sî-chūn, tō sī teh êng-ióng bó-gí-lâng ê gí-hoat, siōng-bô lán sim-lāi lóng ke-ke-kiám-kiám ū 1 ê piau-chún tī--leh. Lán hoân-nā siá siáⁿ, mā ē thàn chèng-khak ê gí-hoat. Chóng--sī, chhùi-kóng kap su-siá ê hóng-kheh hām piau-chún tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ bô lóng sio-siâng.\n\nKhah khoah-bīn lâi kóng, gí-hoat ê gián-kiù, siōng-bô koh hun-chò kù-hoat, seng-ūn-ha̍k, hoat-im-ha̍k téng-téng.\n\nBô-kâng-khoán ê gí-giân\n-----------------------\n\nTa̍k-khoán gí-giân lóng ū in ka-kī ê gí-hoat. Sio̍k tī kāng 1 ê gí-hē ê gí-giân, gí-hoat mā ē khah óa. Pí-lūn: Bô-kâng ê Hàn-gí ū chin chē sio-siâng ê só͘-chai, tō ná-chhin-chhiūⁿ Au-chiu ê gí-giân tiong-kan ū kài chē saⁿ-tâng ê ūi-á. Ah nā sī gí-giân hō͘-siong chi-kan koan-hē khah hn̄g--ê, tō cheng-chha khah chē, chhin-chhiūⁿ Ji̍t-gí kap Au-chiu ê gí-giân tō chha-tōa-bé--khì.\n\nHō-ló-ōe sio̍k tī Hàn-gí, i bô chhiūⁿ Ìn-au-gí-hē ū chin chē sû-tòe (affix). M̄-koh, che pēng bô tāi-piáu kóng Hō-ló-ōe (kap pa̍t-ê Hàn-gí) tō bô gí-hoat. It-poaⁿ lâi kóng, bô sû-tòe hām sû-tòe khah ha̍t ê gí-giân, i ê sû-sū (word order) tō ke khah iàu-kín.\n\nSû-sū sī gí-hoat lāi-té 1 ê tiōng-iàu ê gī-tê, Hàn-gí ê oa̍h-jī (tōng-sû) sù-siông sī tī chò pin-gí ê si̍t-jī (bêng-sû) thâu-chêng, m̄-koh Ji̍t-gí tú tian-tò-péng. Pêⁿ-pêⁿ lóng sī Au-chiu ê gí-giân, Lo͘-bàn-suh-gí-hē(Romance languages) ê hêng-iông-jī (hêng-iông-sû) sī tòe tòa si̍t-jī ê āu-piah, ah Jī-mé-nī-khuh-gí-hē (Germanic languages) tō tùi-hoán--ah.\n\nLán khòaⁿ sû-tòe kap sû-sū tiong-kan ê khan-liân, sû-tòe chin phong-phài ê Gô-lô-gí kap Tek-gí sû-sū chin chū-iû, sû-tòe khah chiò ê Eng-gí sû-sū tō khah bô hiah chū-iû. Chha-put-to lóng bô sû-tòe ê Hàn-gí, sû-sū tō chin kín-iàu--ah.\n\nGí-giân ê piàn-hòa\n------------------\n\nSu-siá ê gí-hoat phēng chhùi-kóng ê gí-hoat khah bô hiah khoài piàn. Chóng--sī, gí-hoat tek-khak teh piàn, cheng-chha kín-choa̍h-bāⁿ niā-tiāⁿ. Taⁿ lán kám-kak bô būn-tê ê sû-kù, tī 100 tang chêng, hoān-sè lâng thiaⁿ-tio̍h chin ngāi-gio̍h. Gí-giân kap gí-hoat ē kái-piàn, ū-sî-á sī sú-iōng-chiá in pún-sin lāi-té ê piàn-hòa, ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á thòaⁿ--khui; lēng-gōa mā chin chia̍p sī in-ūi gí-giân chiap-chhiok. Tek-pia̍t sī tī chèng-tī hām keng-chè chiàm iâⁿ-bīn ê gí-giân, tùi siong-tùi-tek khah su-sè ê gí-giân, tō ē chō-sêng kài tōa ê éng-hióng. Ba̍k-kim tī Tiong-kok kap Tâi-oân, tō in-ūi Hôa-gí siū-tio̍h chèng-hú, kàu-io̍k, chham mûi-thé kā saⁿ-thāⁿ, ke chiâⁿ kiông-sè, ah Hō-ló-ōe ê su-siá koh bô phó͘-phiàn, chū-án-ne Hō-ló-ōe ê gí-hoat kōe piàn. \n\nKāng-chi̍t-ê gí-giân lāi-té, mā ē ū gí-hoat ê chha-īⁿ, pêⁿ-pêⁿ sī Hō-ló-ōe, Ē-mn̂g, Choân-chiu, Chiang-chiu tō ū koh-iūⁿ ê só͘-chai, kah 1 ê thêng-tō͘, bô-kāng chng-thâu, ia̍h-chiá-sī kò-jîn chham kò-jîn tiong-kan, to ē ū cheng-chha. Chit-khoán chha-īⁿ, hō-chò hong-giân-chha.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Ogawa Naoyosi, pian. (1931). \"文法\". *Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten* 臺日大辭典 [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*] (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí).\n2. ↑ John Macgowan (1883). \"Grammar\". *English and Chinese dictionary of the Amoy dialect*.\n3. ↑ McArthur, Tom (ed) 1992. *The Oxford companion to the English language. Oxford University Press*.\n4. ↑ Crystal, David 1995. *The Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language*. Cambridge University Press.","meta":{"title":"Bûn-hoat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[962,4044,0.23788328387734917],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4786}} -{"text":"Chân-liû ê liû-soàⁿ chêng-hêng\n**Chân-liû** (層流; *laminar flow*) sī chi̍t khoán liû-thé ê liû-tōng chōng-thài. Tī liû-sok chin sió ê sî-chūn, liû-thé sī hun-chân liû-tōng, bōe hō͘-siong hūn-ha̍p; chit sî ê liû-tōng chōng-thài hō-chò chân-liû. Tān-sī, nā-chún liû-sok ta̍uh-ta̍uh cheng-ka, liû-thé ê liû-soàⁿ ē khai-sí chhut-hiān pho-chōng ê hàiⁿ-tōng, hàiⁿ-tōng ê pîn-lu̍t kap chín-hok ē tòe-tio̍h liû-sok ê cheng-ka lâi cheng-ka; chit sî ê liû-tōng chōng-thài hō-chò kòe-tō͘-liû. Nā-chún kè-sio̍k cheng-ka liû-sok kàu chin tōa, liû-thé ê liû-soàⁿ í-keng hun bōe chheng-chhó, liû-tiûⁿ lāi-bīn chhut-hiān chē-chē kńg-chn̄g, che chiū hō-chò loān-liû.\n\nTéng-bīn ê liû-tōng piàn-hòa ê chêng-hêng ē-ēng iōng Reynolds sò͘ lâi liōng-hòa. Tī Reynolds sò͘ khah-sè ê sî-chūn, liû-thé ê liâm-tī-le̍k (黏滯力) tùi liû-tiûⁿ ê éng-hióng tāi-î koàn-sèng-le̍k (慣性力), liû-sok ê jiáu-tōng ē in-ūi liâm-tī-le̍k lâi kiám-chió, liû-thé ê liû-tōng ún-tēng, sī chân-liû ê chōng-thài. Hoán-tian-tò, nā-chún Reynolds sò͘ khah-tōa, liû-thé ê koàn-sèng-le̍k tùi liû-tiûⁿ ê éng-hióng tāi-î liâm-tī-le̍k, liû-thé ê liû-tōng khah bô ún-tēng, liû-sok ê bî-sió piàn-hòa iông-ī hoat-tián kap cheng-kiông, hêng-sêng būn-loān koh bô-kui-chek ê loān-liû liû-tiûⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Chân-liû","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1239,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1416}} -{"text":"Frank Lloyd Wright\n**Frank Lloyd Wright** (chhut-sì hō-chò **Frank Lincoln Wright**; 1867 nî 6 goe̍h 8 ji̍t – 1959 nî 4 goe̍h 9 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê kiàn-tio̍k-su, sek-lāi siat-kè-su, chok-ka kap kàu-io̍k-ka. Wright it-seng siat-kè chhiau-kòe 1,000 ê kiàn-tio̍k, kî-tiong í-keng ū 532 ê oân-sêng. Wright ê siat-kè tiat-ha̍k sī iú-ki kiàn-tio̍k, kiông-tiāu kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t kap khoân-kéng sī hô-hâi koh jîn-sèng-hòa ê. Chit hāng tiat-ha̍k ê siōng-hó ê lē chiū sī Fallingwater (1935 nî), pī hō-chò \"Bí-kok le̍k-sú siōng siōng-úi-tāi ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t\". Wright siá-kòe 20 pún chheh kap lēng-gōa chē-chē bûn-chiuⁿ, i pún-sin tī Bí-kok kap Au-chiu iā sī chin siū-tio̍h hoan-gêng ê kà-chheh káng-su. Chāi-sè ê sî chiū í-keng chin chhut-miâ ê Wright, tī 1991 nî pī Bí-kok Kiàn-tio̍k-su Hia̍p-hōe hō-chò \"siōng-úi-tāi ê Bí-kok kiàn-tio̍k-su\".\n\nGalleri\n-------\n\n* Fallingwater, Pennsylvania 1937.\n* Arthur Heurtley House, Oak Park, Illinois 1902.\n* Taliesin, Spring Green, Wisconsin 1902.\n* Darwin D. Martin House, Buffalo, New York 1904.\n* Frank Lloyd Wright Home 1898.\n* Charles Weltzheimer Residence, Oberlin, Ohio 1948.\n* Wright's Johnson Wax headquarters complex, Racine, Wisconsin 1939.\n* The Walter Gale House, Oak Park, Illinois 1893.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Brewster, Mike (July 28, 2004). \"Frank Lloyd Wright: America's Architect\". *Business Week*. The McGraw-Hill Companies. January 22, 2008 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Frank Lloyd Wright","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[446,1270,0.35118110236220473],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1514}} -{"text":"**Sin bûn-ha̍k ūn-tōng** (新文學運動), koh kiò **bûn-ha̍k kek-bēng** (文學革命), **pe̍h-ōe-bûn ūn-tōng** (白話文運動), sī Tiong-kok ê chi̍t tiûⁿ bûn-ha̍k kap gú-bûn ê kái-kek ūn-tōng, iû chok-ka kap ha̍k-chiá tī 1910 nî-tāi āu-kî hoat-khí.\n\nKhí-in\n------\n\nSin bûn-ha̍k ūn-tōng sī bûn-ha̍k hoat-tián ê chū-jiân chhu-sè. Pe̍h-ōe-bûn bûn-ha̍k ê khai-ki sî-tāi pēng m̄-sī chū Ngó͘-sù khai-sí, ē-tàng tui-sok kàu Bêng Chheng ê pe̍h-ōe-bûn chhòng-chok. *Jû-lîm Gōe-sú*, *Jī-si̍p-liân Bo̍k-tó͘ chi Koài Hiān-chōng*, *Âng-lâu-bāng* lóng-chóng sī iōng pe̍h-ōe-bûn siá chhut-lâi ê. Tiong-kok thoân-thóng bûn-ha̍k kàu liáu Chheng-tiâu boa̍t-kî, bô-lūn si sû sán-bûn, siáu-soat hì-kio̍k, kan-na í-keng kàu biān-lîm tô͘ kiông kiû piàn ê kai-toāⁿ, hàn-bûn iā sek-bî. Sêng-chiap kòe-khì Tông-tiâu ê piàn-bûn, Sòng Goân ê oā-pún, Kim Goân ê hì-khiok kap Bêng Chheng ê chiong-hôe siáu-soat ê pe̍h-ōe bûn-ha̍k, kiam siū thoân-thóng bîn-kan bûn-ha̍k kap Koaⁿ-ōe ê éng-hióng, kek-sin bûn-ha̍k ê lūn-kiàn chú-tiuⁿ pit-jiân sán-seng.\n\nÙi Sin-hāi Kek-bēng liáu-āu, Tiong-kok siā-hōe phó͘-phiàn chûn-chāi kok-chióng kái-kek kó͘-chá bûn-hoà ê su-sióng; kî-tiong, sin bûn-ha̍k ūn-tōng chú-iàu khí-goân chū 1915 nî Tân To̍k-siù tī Siōng-hái chhòng-pān ê *Chheng-liân Cha̍p-chì* (青年雜誌), lo̍h-bóe kái miâ chò *Sin Chheng-liân* (新青年). Tī Sin Chheng-liân cha̍p-chì lāi, iu-goân í 1917 nî chì 1919 nî chi-kan iû Ô͘ Sek hoat-piáu ê kúi-nā phiⁿ lūn-su̍t ûi tiòng-sim. Pí-lūn 1917 nî 1 goe̍h ê *Bûn-ha̍k Kái-liông Cho͘-gī* (文學改良芻議) kap 1918 nî 4 goe̍h ê *Kiàn-siat tek Bûn-ha̍k Kek-bēng Lūn* (建設的文學革命論) téng-téng. Tòe 1919 nî só͘ hoat-seng ê Ngó͘-sù ūn-tōng, hit-tang-chūn Tiong-kok choân-kok chhiong-boán tio̍h hoán-thoân-thóng (反傳統) kap kiû-kek-sin (求革新) ê ho͘-siaⁿ, chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ thui-tōng sin bûn-ha̍k ūn-tōng ê hoat-tián, put-kò sin-bûn-ha̍k ūn-tōng kap Ngó͘-sù ūn-tōng chi-kan kî-si̍t pēng bô ti̍t-chiap ê koan-hē.\n\nSin bûn-ha̍k ūn-tōng goân-chū chèng-kio̍k tōng-tōng, lia̍t-kiông khi-lêng kap bîn-cho̍k chū-kak. Chū A-phiàn Chiàn-cheng liáu-āu, Tiong-kok siū-tio̍h lia̍t-kiông ê khoân-sù, chhim-lêng ap-pek, put-toàn pī pek koah-tē pôe-khoán, kok-ka lōe-iu-gōe-hoàn, hui-siông giâm-tiōng. Tì-sek hūn-chú hō-tiàu bîn-cho̍k chū-kak, put-ûi-î-le̍k, tui-sûn bîn-cho̍k tô͘-kiông chi lō͘, bē-chió kek-sin ūn-tōng in-chhú sán-seng. Chia-ê ūn-tōng ê éng-hióng m̄ kan-na tī chèng-tī hong-bīn, iā chhì-kek tì-sek hūn-chú tùi Tiong-kok bûn-hoà, su-sióng, bûn-ha̍k ê tiông-sin su-khó, ín-khí phó͘-kip kàu-io̍k ê su-kiû, chek-ke̍k thui-tōng sin bûn-ha̍k ūn-tōng ê sán-seng.\n\nSin bûn-ha̍k ūn-tōng lâi-chū \"giân-bûn it-thé\" (言文一體) ê su-kiû. Hàn-bûn chò-ûi kū bûn-ha̍k ê ke-si, í-keng put-ha̍p-sî-gî, bōe-tàng sek-èng sin sî-tāi kap pò-chiong cha̍p-chì ê su-iàu. Ka-siōng se-hong sin ha̍k-būn ê chhì-kek, it-chhè sin ha̍k-su̍t kap sin su-sióng, pit-su í chi̍t chióng sin bûn-thé chiah thang hó piáu-ta̍t liû-thiòng. In-chhú iú-sek-chi-sū thê-chhiòng pe̍h-ōe-bûn, lâi phó͘-kip kap khai-hòng kàu-io̍k, kái-chìn bîn-tì.","meta":{"title":"Sin bûn-ha̍k ūn-tōng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2942,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3383}} -{"text":"Bí-kok tē-5 jīm chóng-thóng James Monroe\n**Monroe Chú-gī** (Eng: *Monroe Doctrine*) sī Bí-kok tē-5 jīm chóng-thóng James Monroe tī 1823 nî hoat-piáu ê chi̍t hāng koan-î Bí-chiu tāi-lio̍k khòng-chè-koân ê Bí-kok gōa-kau chèng-chhek. Monroe Chú-gī seng-bêng Au-chiu kok-ka nā-sī chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ tùi Pak Bí-chiu kap Lâm Bí-chiu ê thó͘-tē chìn-hêng si̍t-bîn, tùi in-ê chèng-koân chìn-hêng kan-ū, lóng ài kā che khoàⁿ-chò sī chhim-lio̍k ê hêng-ûi, Bí-kok lóng ài kài-ji̍p. Bí-kok mā seng-bêng bōe khì kan-ū hiān-chûn ê Au-chiu si̍t-bîn-tē, mā bōe chham-ú Au-chiu kok-ka lāi-pō͘ ê sū-bū.\n\nHit-tang-chūn, chha-put-to só͘-ū ê La-teng Bí-chiu si̍t-bîn-tē lóng í-keng ia̍h-sī tng-teh tui-kiû to̍k-li̍p, pái-thoat Se-pan-gâ kap Phû-tô-gâ ê si̍t-bîn thóng-tī. Lēng-gōa, Bí-kok mā hām Eng-kok ta̍t-sêng kiōng-sek, hi-bāng Au-chiu sè-le̍k m̄-thang koh chìn-ji̍p Bí-chiu.\n\nMonroe Chú-gī ê bo̍k-tek hām éng-hióng lo̍h-bóe liân-sòa liáu chhiau-kòe chi̍t-ê sè-kí ê sî-kan.","meta":{"title":"Monroe Chú-gī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,949,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1090}} -{"text":"**Châi-bū koán-lí** (財務管理) sī tùi cho͘-chit lāi ê chu-kim su-iàu kap chu-kim tiû-chhò͘ thê-kiong khó-lêng-sèng ê tiâu-chéng oa̍h-tāng. Tī Eng-gí tiong, ū-sî iā hō-chò kim-iông (*finance*); m̄-koh, hām kim-iông bô-kāng, châi-bū koán-lí chù-tiōng kong-si ê chu-kim su-kiû kap tiû-chhò͘, chu-pún kiat-kò͘, kó͘-lī chèng-chhek téng. Tī Eng-gí tiong tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kui-lūi chò kong-si lí-châi (*corporate finance*). Ah lí-châi iáu-koh pau-hâm tio̍h tâu-chu koán-lí téng chē-chē kî-thaⁿ lōe-iông.\n\nChâi-bū koán-lí sī tī it-tēng ê chéng-thé bo̍k-piau hā, koan-î chu-sán ê kò͘-tì (tâu-chu), chu-pún ê iông-thong (tiû-chu), keng-êng tiong hiān-kim liû-liōng (êng-ūn chu-kim) kap lī-sûn hun-phòe ê koán-lí. Se-hong châi-bū-ha̍k chú-iàu iû saⁿ tōa léng-he̍k kò͘-sêng, chiū sī kong-si châi-bū, tâu-chu-ha̍k kap hông-koan châi-bū. Kî-tiong, kong-si châi-bū tī Tiong-kok tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ pī hoan-e̍k chò \"kong-si lí-châi-ha̍k\" ia̍h \"khì-gia̍p châi-bū koán-lí\".\n\nChâi-bū koán-lí ê bo̍k-piau ū sán-ti̍t chòe-tāi-hòa, lī-sûn chòe-tāi-hòa, kó͘-tong châi-hù chòe-tāi-hòa kap khì-gia̍p kè-ta̍t chòe-tāi-hòa téng.","meta":{"title":"Châi-bū koán-lí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1085,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1236}} -{"text":"Cheng-chú chham loán-chú kiat-ha̍p chiâⁿ-chò siū-cheng-loán.\n**Siū-cheng-loán** (受精卵; *zygote*), he̍k-chiá **ha̍p-chú** (合子), tī hoat-seⁿ seng-bu̍t-ha̍k lāi sī the̍h-lâi biâu-su̍t seng-bu̍t ê tē-it kai-toāⁿ, chit-sî i kan-na sī chi̍t ê tan-sè-pau. Chi̍t lia̍p siū-cheng-loán thong-siông sī thàu-kòe nn̄g ê tan-pōe-thé sè-pau, chhin-chhiūⁿ cha-bó͘ ê loán-chú hām cha-po͘ ê cheng-chú, thàu-kòe siū-cheng kiat-ha̍p chò-hóe só͘ hêng-sêng ê jī-pōe-thé sè-pau. Só͘-í siū-cheng-loán pau-hâm liáu lâi-chū lāu-pē kap lāu-bú ê DNA, thê-kiong liáu chi̍t ê sin ê kò-thé ê choân-pō͘ ûi-thoân sìn-sit.\n\nTī chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t ê seⁿ-thoàⁿ kòe-têng tiong, siū-cheng liáu-āu só͘ hêng-sêng ê siū-cheng-loán ē soá-tāng chì su-loán-kńg, hun-lia̍t chò koh-khah chē ê sè-pau, tān-sī i-ê toā-sè pēng bōe kái-piàn. Siū-cheng-loán ê hun-lia̍t sī iú-si hun-lia̍t. \nSó͘-ū ê chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t chāi it-seng tiong lóng ē keng-kòe siū-cheng-loán chit-ê kai-toāⁿ. Siū-cheng-loán ē hoat-io̍k chiâⁿ-chò phoe-thai, jiân-āu piàn-sêng the-jî.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ O’Reilly, Deirdre. \"Fetal development,\" *MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia* (2007-10-19). Retrieved 2009-02-15.\n2. ↑ Klossner, N. Jayne and Hatfield, Nancy. *Introductory Maternity & Pediatric Nursing,* p. 107 (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006).","meta":{"title":"Siū-cheng-loán","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[218,1259,0.17315329626687848],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1457}} -{"text":"**Tì-sek châi-sán-koân** (智識財產權) he̍k-chiá **tì-hūi châi-sán khoân** (智慧財產權) (Eng-gí: intellectual property), sī chi̍t-chióng châi-sán, pau-koat tio̍h jîn-lūi tì-hūi ê bû-hêng chhòng-chok. Tì-sek châi-sán khoân ū chin-chē chióng-lūi, ū-chi̍t-kóa kok-ka ē pí pat-ê kok-ka sêng-jīn koh-khah chē chióng ê chióng-lūi. Tang-tiong khah ū-miâ ê chióng-lūi sī  tù-chok khoân (pán-khoân), choan-lī, siong-phiau kah êng-gia̍p pì-bi̍t.  Tì-sek châi-sán khoân ê chá-kî khài-liām tī Lô-má sî-tāi tio̍h khòaⁿ-ē-tio̍h ah, iáu-m̄-koh hiān-tāi ê tì-sek châi-sán khoân khài-liām sī tùi 17 sè-kí kah 18 sè-kí ê Eng-lân khai-sí hoat-tián--ê. Ài kàu 20 sè-kí, sè-kài kok-kok chiah kah tì-sek châi-sán la̍p-ji̍p hoat-lu̍t thé-hē tiong.\n\nTì-sek châi-sán khoân hoat ê bo̍k-tek sī-beh kó͘-lē lâng khì hoat-tián kok-chióng hêng-sek ê tì-sek châi-sán. Ūi-tio̍h ta̍t-sêng chit-ê bo̍k-phiau, nā-sī jîn-lūi he̍k-chiá siong-gia̍p ū chhòng-chō tì-sek châi-sán, hoat-lu̍t ē pó-chiòng in só͘-iú he̍k-chiá sú-iōng chit-ê châi-sán ê khoân-lī, ū-tang-sî-á mā-ē ū sî-kan ê hān-chè. Chit-khoán chò-hoat sán-seng chhòng-chō tì-sek châi-sán ê iú-in, in-ūi ta̍k-ke ē-sái ēng tì-sek châi-sán  khì sán-seng lī-ek. Ēng thê-kiong keng-chè iú-in ê hong-sek, hi-bāng ē-sái chō-sêng chhì-kek chhòng-sin kah tùi kho-ki chìn-pō͘ ū kòng-hiàn ê hāu-kó. Hāu-kó ê hó-bái tio̍h ài khòaⁿ hoat-lu̍t tùi chhòng-chok-chiá ê pó-hō͘ ū gōa-hó.\n\nTì-sek châi-sán kah thoân-thóng ê châi-sán siōng-tōa ê chha-ī, sī tì-sek châi-sán pèng-bô kò͘-tēng ê hêng-thé. Tì-sek châi-sán bē-sái hun-koah, jî-chhiáⁿ bô-lūn gōa-chē-lâng sú-iōng tì-sek châi-sán, châi-sán ê sò͘-liōng kah kè-ta̍t mā bē kiám-chió. Tì-sek châi-sán koh-ū chi̍t-ê giâm-tiōng ê būn-tê, tio̍h-sī só͘-iú-chiá bô-hoat-tō͘ ū-hāu khòng-chè kî-thaⁿ lâng hok-chè he̍k-chiá ēng khah-ke ê kè-siàu bē--chhut-khì. Beh jû-hô chi̍t-hong-bīn thê-kiong ū-la̍t ê hoat-lu̍t pó-chiòng, hō͘ ta̍k-ke ū tōng-ki khì chhòng-chok, chi̍t-hong-bīn koh ài kiam-kò͘ siong-phín ê chū-iû liû-thong, sī hiān-tāi tì-sek châi-sán khoân hoat ê tiōng-iàu khò-tê.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n1710 nî seng-hāu ê Anne hoat-àn\nChū jîn-lūi ū le̍k-sú kì-lo̍k í-lâi, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ē-sái khòaⁿ-tio̍h kok-kok pó-hō͘ ka-kī siong-gia̍p ia̍h-sī kang-gia̍p chè-chō pì-bi̍t ê chêng-hêng. Pí-jû kó͘-tāi Tiong-kok tio̍h kìm-chí chè-chō hûi-á ê ki-su̍t liû-thoân chhut--khì.\n\nHiān-tāi lī-iōng hoat-lu̍t pó-hō͘ tì-sek châi-sán ê chò-hoat, lâi-chū se-hong. Siōng kó͘-chá pó-hō͘ tì-sek châi-sán khoân ê hoat-lu̍t chhut-hiān tī Eng-kok. 1624 nî ê lóng-toān hoat-àn (Statute of Monopolies) kah 1710 nî ê Anne hoat-àn (Statute of Anne) pó-chiong choan-lī kah tù-chok, pī jīn-ûi sī tē-it-pái chhut-hiān tio̍h tì-sek châi-sán ê khài-liām.\n\n19 sè-kí ê Eng-kok kah Tek-kok, tû-liáu bān-bān-á khai-sí ū khah bêng-khak ê khài-liām í-gōa, tī chèng-sek ê bûn-su chi-tiong, mā khai-sí sú-iōng chit-ê bêng-sû.\n\nChìn-ji̍p 20 sè-kí liáu-āu, tòe-tio̍h liân-ha̍p-kok kah sè-kài bō͘-e̍k cho͘-chit iau-kiû hōe-oân kok chun-siú siong-koan ê pó-chiong tì-sek châi-sán khoân tiâu-iok, tì-sek châi-sán khoân ê khài-liām tī kok-kok siū-tio̍h tiōng-sī.\n\nTì-sek châi-sán khoân ê chióng-lūi\n----------------------------------\n\n* Choan-lī (patent)\n* Tù-chok (copyright)\n* Kang-gia̍p siat-kè (industrial design right)\n* Si̍t-bu̍t sin phín-chéng (plant variety)\n* Siong-phiau (trademark)\n* Siong-gia̍p gōa-koan (trade dress)\n* Siong-gia̍p pì-bi̍t (trade secret)\n* Chek-thé tiān-lō͘ tiān-lō͘ pò͘-kio̍k (integrated circuit layout)\n\nTì-sek châi-sán khoân hoat-lu̍t ê bo̍k-phiau\n--------------------------------------------\n\nChhim-khoân, tō-iōng kah chip-hoat\n----------------------------------\n\nPhoe-phêng\n----------\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\nChù-kha\n-------","meta":{"title":"Tì-sek châi-sán-koân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[275,3525,0.07801418439716312],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4205}} -{"text":"Pìⁿ bâi-ho̍k-khí ê ē-táu **tì-hūi-khí**\n**Tì-hūi-khí** (Hàn-jī: 智慧齒, Eng-gí: *wisdom teeth*) he̍k-sī **tì-khí**, tio̍h-sī **tē-3 tمōa-kiū-khí** (第三大臼齒, *third molar*), pâi-lia̍t tī khí-lia̍t (齒列, *dentition*) múi 1-ê *quadrant* ê siāng āu-piah, lóng-chóng ū 4 khí. Tì-hūi-khí thiⁿ-chan tāi-khài tī 18 kap 20 hòe chi-kan, m̄-koh ū lâng ē khah-bān chhut-khí. Tì-hūi-khí tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ bô-hoat-tō· thiⁿ-chan oân-choân, khā tī tē-2 tōa-kiū-khí ê āu-piah ē-kha, án-ne kiò-chò pa̍k-khí (縛齒, 阻生牙, *impacted teeth*).Tì-hūi-khí pa̍k-khí bô pō· mi̍h-kiāⁿ ê kong-lêng, gâu tui-chek khí-khún-pan ín-khí tē-2 tōa-kiū-khí ê āu-piah ē-kha khí-kin chiù-khí he̍k-sī gê-chiu-iām, nā-sī án-ne tio̍h-ài khiā tī ī-hông ê li̍p-tiûⁿ sū-sian kā bán-tû. Bán-tû pa̍k-khí ê siāng-hó sî-ki sī tī 20 hòe chó-iū, khang-chhùi khah-hó siu-sok , hù-chok-iōng mā khah-chió. M̄-koh ūi-tì siūⁿ chhim-pō· ê pa̍k-khí chin pháiⁿ bán-tû iū-koh bē ín-khí chiù-khí he̍k-sī gê-chiu-pēⁿ, gê-i-su ē khó-lū soán-tek bô-beh bán-tû; tēng-kî koan-chhat, nā-ū hoat-seng kî-thaⁿ ê pēⁿ-piàn (病變), chiah-koh bán-tû.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Wisdom teeth*** |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nGê-khí kái-phòa-ha̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Beng-miâ-hoat | \n* Glossary of dentistry\n* Universal Numbering System\n\n |\n| |\n| Lâng ê chhùi-khí | \n* Éng-kiú-khí\n\t+ Mn̂g-khí\n\t+ Kak-khí\n\t+ Sió-āu-chan\n\t+ Āu-chan\n* Ni-khí\n\n |\n| |\n| Siōng-go̍k-kut ê chhùi-khí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mn̂g-khí | \n* Chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí\n* Lateral incisor\n* Canine\n\n |\n| |\n| Sió-āu-chan | \n* First premolar\n* Second premolar\n\n |\n| |\n| Āu-chan | \n* First molar\n* Second molar\n* Tē-3 tōa-kiū-khí\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Hā-go̍k-kut ê chhùi-khí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mn̂g-khí | \n* Central incisor\n* Lateral incisor\n* Canine\n\n |\n| |\n| Sió-āu-chan | \n* First premolar\n* Second premolar\n\n |\n| |\n| Āu-chan | \n* First molar\n* Second molar\n* Tē-3 tōa-kiū-khí\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Chhùi-khí ê kok-pō͘-hūn | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Crown | \n* Cusp\n\t+ Cusp of Carabelli\n* Zuckerkandl's tubercle\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Khí-chhoé\n* Kin-kńg tī-liâu\n\t+ Apical foramen\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Cementoenamel junction\n* Khí-iū-chit\n* Dental-enamel junction\n* Khí-pún-chit\n* Dental papilla\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Mamelon\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Dental alveolus\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tì-hūi-khí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[761,1859,0.4093598708983324],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2953}} -{"text":"**Āu-chin-siòng(siàng) chèng-tī** (後-, Eng-gí: *post-truth politics*) sī 1 khóan chèng-tī hiān-siōng. Kin-kù *Oxford Eng-gí Sû-tián*, \"āu-chin-siàng\" hêng-iông kan-sia̍p iah-sī piáu-sī 1 chióng chêng-hóng, chiū sī tùi chiâⁿ û-lūn　(輿論, *public opinion*) lâi kóng, kheh-koan--ê sū-si̍t pí sò͘-kiû kám-chêng kap kok-jîn sìn-gióng khah bô éng-hióng. Mā thang kóng chin-siàng kap sū-si̍t bô-hoat-tō͘ hō͘ tāi-chiòng sio thīn, tian-tó sī ka-kiông kám-chêng chiah thang the̍h-tio̍h chi-chhî.\n\n2016 nî, Oxford Sû-tián kéng chit sû chò 2016 nî--ê tāi-piáu-sû (-詞). Chóng-chhâi Casper Grathwohl piáu-sī, \"post-truth\" siōng chá chhut-hiān tī 1992 nî, m̄-koh 2016 nî chit-ê sû--ê sú-iōng-lu̍t (-率) pí 2015 nî ke 20 poē, tī Eng-kok thoat-au (脫歐) kong-tâu kap Bí-kok Kiōng-hô-tóng thui-chiàn Donald Trump chò 2016 nî bî-kok chóng-thóng hāu-soán-jîn--ê sî, Eng-gí--ê āu-chin-siòng hőng chia̍p-chia̍p sú-iōng. I iā kóng in-ūi siā-kûn bāng-chām (Eng-gí: *Social Network Service*) chiām-chiām piàn-chó sin-bûn lâi-goân, lâng mā m̄ sìn thoân-thóng lâi-goân--ê sin-bûn chin-siòng, \"āu-chin-siòng\" chiah chiām-chiām-á chiâⁿ-chò choan-iú--ê sû.\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Mā tha̍k-chò \"î-lūn\". \"Tâi-ji̍t Tāi-sû-tián tùi \"Û-lún\" (輿論)--ê kiám-sek kiat-kó\". 2016-12-03 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"post-truth - definition of post-truth in English (Oxford Dictionaries)\". Oxford University Press. 2016-12-03 khòaⁿ--ê. (Eng-gí)\n3. ↑ Kùi Ka-chê (桂家齊) (2016-11-16). \"川普當選後　「後真相」（Post-truth）成年度代表字\". Phōng-kó Ji̍t-pò. 2016-12-03 khòaⁿ--ê. (Koaⁿ-oē)","meta":{"title":"Āu-chin-siòng chèng-tī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[372,1474,0.25237449118046135],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1695}} -{"text":"Tì-sek sī lán sìn-taú ê chin-siòng\n**Tì-sek**【Chai-bat】 kán-tan kóng tō sī lán ē-tàng lī-iōng lán tùi bó͘ 1 hāng mi̍h-kiāⁿ ê liáu-kái khì chò chi̍t-koá tāi-chì. Chiah-ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ hoān-sè sī sū-si̍t, chin-siòng, iah sī chu-sìn. Tit tio̍h tì-sek ê koè-têng hō chò ha̍k-si̍p. Tiat-ha̍k tùi tì-sek ê gián-kiù hō chò tì-sek-lūn.\n\nTì-sek-lūn\n----------\n\n**Tì-sek** kap ì-gī, chu-sìn, chí-lēng, ko͘-thong, piáu-ta̍t, ha̍k-si̍p, sim-lí chhì-khek chiah-ê koan-liām ū chiâⁿ bā ê koan-hē.\n\nTì-sek kap chu-sìn lóng sī leh kóng chin-siòng, m̄-koh tì-sek koh tio̍h kiông-tiāu bo̍k-tek iah sī iōng-tô͘. Tiat-ha̍k-ka kā che hō chò chu-sìn kap ì-tô͘ ê koan-liân.\n\nÙi Plato ê Theaetetus hoat-tián--chhut-lâi ê tì-sek-lūn, kā tì-sek khoàⁿ chò sī ū chèng-tong lí-iû (justified) ê chiaⁿ-si̍t (true) ê sìn-taú (belief). M̄-koh che kan-taⁿ sī tì-sek ê pit-iàu tiâu-kiāⁿ.\n\nChin-siòng tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ bô hoat-tō͘ khak-tēnĝ, tì-sek taù-té beh án-choáⁿ khak-tēng? Chit ê̂ būn-tê Tiat-ha̍k-ka, le̍k-sú-ha̍k-ka, siā-hoē-ha̍k-ka iáu chiâⁿ ū tè chhiâu. Ludwig Wittgenstein ū siá 1 pún \"On Certainty\" thàm-thó chit khoán hêng-tōng tiat-ha̍k ê būn-tê.\n\n### Án-choáⁿ kóng ū chèng-tong lí-iû\n\nÉng-koè ê tiat-ha̍k tiāⁿ kā **tì-sek** khoàⁿ chò thè sìn-taú chhoē̄ chèng-tong lí-iû, lí-iû jú khak-tēng jú hó. Bô lí-iû--ê sìn-taú kan-taⁿ sī 1 chióng khó-lêng ê ì-kiàn. Tì-sek-lūn tō sī leh chhú-lí tì-sek ê pún-chit, khí-goân, kap hoān-ûi.\n\n \n\nM̄-koh sìn-taú beh chiâⁿ-chò tì-sek tio̍h ài ū lí-iû kap chèng-kù, án-ne chiah ū chèng-tong lí-iû kóng sìn-taù sī chiaⁿ-si̍t--ê. \n\nTì-sek ēng chit chióng hong-sek lâi tēng-gī ē tú tio̍h \"Gettier būn-tê\". \n\n### Hoâi-gî-chú-gī\n\nKho-ha̍k-ka iah s̄i tiat-ha̍k-ka mn̄g kóng \"Tì-sek kám ū khó-lêng?\" ê sî, in sī piáu-sī \"Kám ū chhiong-hūn ê lí-iû kap chèng-kù hō͘ lán siong-sìn?\" Chhái-chhú tiat-ha̍k hoâi-gî-chú-gī ê tiat-ha̍k-ka ē kóng \"bô\", in-ūi in chhái-chhú siōng giâm-keh ê thài-tō͘ lâi khoàⁿ-thāi chiah-ê lí-iû kap chèng-kù, m̄-koh bô sím-mih chèng-kù sī chin-chiàⁿ ē-tàng 100% khak-tēng--ê. Ah nā chhái-chhú kho-ha̍k hoâi-gî-chú-gī ê kho-ha̍k-ka ē tán-thāi chèng-kù ū kaù khak-tēng chiah chiap-siū.\n\nTì-sek koán-lí\n--------------\n\nTì-sek ē-tàng khoàⁿ chò 1 ê ti̍t-ti̍t chū-ngó͘ chham-khó ê hē-thóng. **Tì-sek koán-lí** tō sī siūⁿ beh liáu-kái 1 ê cho͘-chit lāi-té án-choáⁿ ūn-iōng kap kau-oāⁿ tì-sek. Ùi chit ê kak-tō͘ lâi khoàⁿ, tì-sek ê tēng-gī ē tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kái-piàn. Ēng keng-giām chò té-tì, tì-sek ē-tit-thang kóng sī chu-sìn leh piàn-hoà ê 1 ê hêng-sek. Ah chu-sìn ê pún-chit tō sī ùi bô kâng ê kak-tō͘ lâi kái-tho̍k chu-liāu.\n\nTì-sek siā-hoē-ha̍k\n-------------------\n\nTì-sek mā ē-tit khoàⁿ chò siā-hoē ê 1 chióng chu-pún (iah sī pa̍t chióng kak-sek). **Tì-sek siā-hoē-ha̍k** kap Kho-ha̍k tì-sek siā-hoē-ha̍k tō sī beh liáu-kái tì-sek kap siā-hoē choáⁿ-iūⁿ hō͘-tōng.\nKò-jîn kap bûn-hoà ē-sái thaù-koè keng-giām, koan-chhat, kap chhui-lūn lâi tit tio̍h tì-sek. Tì-sek nā thoân-pò--chhut-khì, lâng tō ē pìⁿ chò koh khah ū chhòng-ì, káⁿ khip-siu sin ê siūⁿ-hoat kap chò-hoat. Chit ê koè-têng--nih, tì-sek tō ē-tit toè leh hoat-tián.\n\nŪ lâng án-ne kóng\n-----------------\n\n1998 nî **T. Davenport** kap chi̍t-koá lâng kóng tì-sek sī 1 chióng chu-sìn, i kap keng-giām, téng-ē-bûn, kái-tho̍k, hoá-siā kap-chò-hoé, pìⁿ-chò chiâⁿ ū kè-ta̍t, ē-tàng ēng tiàm koat-chhek kap hêng-tōng.\n1994 nî **I. Nonaka** kóng tì-sek 1 hong-bīn ē-tàng ēng chèng-sek, hē-thóng-hoà ê gí-giân bêng-khak siá--lo̍h-lâi, koh ē-tit thoân-pò; lēng-goā 1 hong-bīn tì-sek chhàng tī lâng ê thaû-khak lāi, chiâⁿ oh hêng-sek-hoà, mā chiâⁿ oh ko͘-thong.","meta":{"title":"Tì-sek","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,3441,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4085}} -{"text":"Hō-ló Wikipedia thâu-ia̍h ê QR Bé\n**QR Bé** sī 1994-nî Ji̍t-pún kong-si Denso (hiān-chhú-sî kiò Denso-Wave) khai-hoat--chhut-lâi ê 1-khoán jī-chhù-goân ê sûn-bé, ēng o͘ pe̍h kau-koah ê keh-á khoán-sek lâi tāi-piáu chu-liāu. **QR** sī tùi **Quick Response** lâi--ê, in-ūi tong-goân-chhoe khai-hoat ê sî, tō ǹ̍g-bāng tiān-chú ke-si thang kín-chia̍p tha̍k che sûn-bé ê chu-liāu. QR Bé sī chit-má Ji̍t-pún siōng tiāⁿ khoàⁿ-tio̍h ê jī-chhù-goân sûn-bé.\n\nJi̍t-pún QR Bé ê piau-chún JIS X 0510 sī tī 1999-nî 1--goe̍h kong-pò͘--ê, chit-hāng piau-chún tùi-èng--ê sī 2000-nî 6--goe̍h he̍k-chún ê ISO/IEC18004.\n\nTia̍t-teng\n----------\n\nTī QR Bé 4-ê kak-á lāi-té, ū 3-ê kak-á ū ìn chiàⁿ-sì-kak-hêng, he khoán-sek chhin-chhiūⁿ 1-ê pe̍h--ê sù-hong-chhioh téng-koân, koh tha̍h 1-ê khah sè-ê ê o͘-sek sù-hong-chhioh, chit-3-ê chiàⁿ-sì-kak-hêng sī hō͘ kái-bé nńg-thé lia̍h ūi ê tô͘, sú-iōng-chiá m̄-bián siòng-chún, m̄-koán ēng sím-mi̍h kak-tō͘, tiān-chú ke-si lóng ē-ēng-tit tha̍k-tio̍h chu-liāu.\n\nPhó-thong ê sûn-bé sī kā chu-liāu kià-chò hoâiⁿ--ê, m̄-koh QR Bé sī kāng-sî-chūn kā chu-liāu kià-chò ti̍t--ê kap hoâiⁿ--ê, chit-khoán siat-kè sī beh pó-chûn sò͘-jī lia̍h-goā ê chū-liāu, hō͘ lô-má-jī, Hàn-jī kap kana mā ē kià-tit.\n\nSiōng toā ê gia̍h-siàu\n----------------------\n\n* Sò͘-jī: 7,089-ê\n* Lô-má-jī (US-ASCII): 4,296-ê\n* Jī-chìn-ūi-sò (8 bit): 2,953-ê ūi-goân\n* Hàn-jī kap kana: 1,817-ê\n\nSi̍t-iōng\n---------\n\nQR Bé goân-té sī khì-chhia kang-tiûⁿ ēng lâi koán liāu--ê, taⁿ í-keng chia̍p tī ta̍k-tô͘ ê chûn-hoè koán-lí sú-iōng. Kìⁿ-nā ū RS-232C kài-bīn ê tiān-chú ke-si hām kái-bé nńg-thé, thàu-koè lia̍p-tô͘-khì he̍k-chiá-sī kha-me-lah tō ē-tàng kā QR Bé ê chu-liāu tha̍k--chhut-lâi.\n\nJi̍t-pún ê chhiú-ki-á kong-si chín ū tī chng kha-me-lah ê chhiú-ki-á lāi-té kah tha̍k QR Bé ê nńg-thé, chin-chē bāng-chām, cha̍p-chì hām kóng-kò téng-téng mā lóng khai-sí ēng QR Bé thê-kiong ho̍k-bū.\n\nLinks\n-----","meta":{"title":"QR Bé","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[111,1841,0.060293318848451925],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2187}} -{"text":"**Éng** (湧), **hong-éng** (風湧) ia̍h **hái-éng** (海湧), sī hái, ô͘, thâm téng-téng só͘-chāi, chúi siū-tio̍h goā-la̍t só͘-ín-khí ê chit-chióng hiān-siōng. Hong sī kî-tiong kài chú-iàu-ê in-sò͘. Hong ê kiông-tō͘, chhe-ê hoān-ûi, kah chhe goā-kú lóng oē-ū bô-kâng-ê éng. Sio-oá nn̄g-gê éng kài-koân nn̄g-tiám ê kū-lî sī goā-tn̂g, chi̍t-gê éng ê kài-kè-tiám kap i kài-koân-tiám ê kū-lî sī goā-koân, éng î-soá sok-tō͘ ê kín-bān hong-hiòng, éng sī siū sím-mi̍h goā-la̍t lâi khí-tì--ê, téng-téng sī líau-kái éng ê siong-koan ê ki-pún tì-sek.\n\nNiau-pi-pa ê hái-éng.\nChúi-bīn sī tông-sî siū-tio̍h bô-kâng hong-hiòng, bô-kâng le̍k-liōng ê hong teh chhe, tì-sú lán só͘ khoàⁿ-tio̍h ê chúi-bīn sī kok-chióng hêng-thé-ê éng só͘ chong-ha̍p khí-lâi--ê kiat-kó: ū niau-pi-pa ê chúi-bīn. Chū-án-ne lán mā oē-tàng iû khoàⁿ bô-kâng--ê chúi-bīn lâi liáu-kái hiān-siōng, lâi thui-chhek bī-lâi hái-nih ê piàn-hoà.\n\nÉng nā jú-tn̂g, sok-tō͘ jú-kín. Éng nā jú-koân, kài-koân-tiám ê éng nā-sī chih-chài boē-tiâu, éng tio̍h-oē phoà-khì hō͘-lán khoàⁿ-tio̍h pe̍h-phe̍h. Hái-éng tī goā-hái koáⁿ chi̍t-pâi koh chi̍t-pâi ê éng hiòng hái-hoāⁿ ek-kè--lâi, chiūⁿ hoāⁿ liáu-āu, éng phoà, siau-sit-bû-chong. Sū-si̍t-siōng i oē pun chhut nn̄g-kó͘ thoa-la̍t chiok-kiông ê chúi-lâu, chi̍t-kó͘ sūn hái-phiâⁿ ê chhiâ-tō͘ kiâⁿ hái-tóe kah chi̍t-kó͘ lî-hoāⁿ ê chúi-lâu lâi khoài-sok lâu-chhut toā-hái. Che nā chhim-tō͘ an-choân sī lán-lâng ka-kī o̍h siû-chúi bián-lâng-kà chin-hó ê chō͘-la̍t kah khoân-kéng. M̄-koh, nā tùi hái-phiâⁿ tē-hêng bô-se̍k koh siuⁿ-chhim, hái-piⁿ sńg-chúi ê lâng oē hoat-seng giû-hiám, lâi sit-lo̍h, mā-sī tī chia.","meta":{"title":"Éng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1634,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1876}} -{"text":"Iratay is located in Lân-sūIratayIratayIratay tī Lân-sū ê ūi-tì.\n**Iratay**, Hàn-miâ Hî-lâng (漁人), sī Lân-sū lâm-pō͘ ê chi̍t ê Tao-cho̍k pō͘-lo̍k, hêng-chèng-siōng sio̍k-tī Tâi-tang-koān Lân-sū-hiong Âng-thâu-chhoan Iratay khiā tī Imatoron kap Imorod tiong-kan, sī tó téng bīn-chek siōng sè ê pō͘-lo̍k.\n\nMiâ-chheng\n----------\n\nIratay sī tùi Tao-gí gí-sò͘ *ratay* lâi ·ê. *Ratay* ê ì-sù sī pêⁿ-po͘. Gōa-chnge ê lâng mā kā Iratay kiò-chò Ilasapen, ì-sù sī hō͘ tōa-chúi im-khì ê só͘-chāi.\n\nJi̍t-pún sî-tāi, Iratay ba̍t hō͘ Ji̍t-pún-lâng hō-miâ chò 南根村, Iwatashi, Iwatasu. Chiàn-āu, 1947 nî, Iratay hŏng hō chi̍t ê Hàn-miâ kiò-chò Hî-lâng (漁人).\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nIratay ūi-tī Tâi-soaⁿ (臺山, 236 m) tang-lâm-khàm ê gâi-chui tui-chek-chân (崖錐堆積層; Eng-gí: talus deposit). Iratay ê lâm-hong sī Pat-tāi-oan.\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\n* Lân-un Bûn-kàu Kî-kim-hōe (蘭恩文教基金會)\n* Tâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hōe Hî-lâng Kàu-hōe (臺灣基督長老教會漁人教會)\n\nKau-thong\n---------\n\n### Ki-tiûⁿ\n\n* Lân-sū Ki-tiûⁿ ūi-tī Iratay ê sai-pêng, sī Lân-sū ê mn̂g-hō͘ chi-it.\n\n### Kong-lō͘\n\n* TW THWtt80.svg Tang-80-sòaⁿ: Iratay ūi-tī Tang-80-sòaⁿ 29.5K ê só͘-chāi.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ \"蘭嶼的地名：蘭嶼地誌資料庫介紹\" (PDF), *民族學研究所資料彙編* (ēng Hôa-gí), 中央研究院民族學研究所, **185**, p. 221, 2007, 2022-08-17 khòaⁿ--ê\n2. ↑ \"武界部落【Bukai】\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 原住民族委員會. 2015. goân-loē-iông tī 2021-01-15 hőng khó͘-pih. 2022-08-05 khòaⁿ--ê. .\n3. ↑ 黃清琦 (2016-07-24). \"蘭嶼部落「被命名」的經過\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 2022-08-17 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Iratay","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[586,1374,0.4264919941775837],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1707}} -{"text":"Tiong-kok kho-ha̍k-īnn Tshim-tsùn sian-tsìn ki-su̍t gián-kiù-īnn tang-lâm mn̂g.\n**Tiong-kok kho-ha̍k-īnn tshim-tsùn sian-tsìn ki-su̍t gián-kiù-īnn** (hàn-gú: 中國科學院深圳先進技術研究院, kán-tshing kiò-tsò **Tshim-tsùn sian-tsìn-īnn** (深圳先進院)), khiā-tī Tiong-kok Kńg-tang síng Tshim-tsùn tshī Lâm-san khu Tshim-tsùn tāi-ha̍k siânn, Kong-bīn khu kong-bîng kho-ha̍k siânn. Sîng-li̍p tī 2006-nî, iû Tiong-kok khoh-ak-īnn, Tshim-tsùn tshī jîn-bîn tsìng-hú í-ki̍p Hiong-káng tiong-bûn tāi-ha̍k sam-hong kiōng-tông sóo kiàn-li̍p.\n\nLi̍k-sú ên-kik\n--------------\n\n### Tshim-tsùn sian-tsìn ki-su̍t gián-kiù-īnn\n\n2006-nî, 9-gue̍h, Tiong-kok kho-ha̍k-īnn tshim-tsùn sian-tsìn ki-su̍t gián-kiù-īnn sîng-li̍p.\n\n2009-nî, 5-gue̍h, Tiong-kho-īnn Tshim-tsún sian-tsìn-īnn ji̍p-tsū Tshim-tsùn tāi-ha̍k-siânn; 12-gue̍h, Tiong-kho-īnn Tshim-tsún sian-tsìn-īnn thong-kuè Tiong-kok kho-ha̍k-īnn hām Tshim-tsùn tshī ê tsìng-sik giām-siu.\n\n2010-nî, 1-gue̍h, Tiong-kho-īnn Tshim-tsùn sian-tsìn-īnn tsio-khui tē-it kài li-su-huē.\n\n2013-nî, 6-gue̍h, Tiong-kok kho-ha̍k-īnn tē-it king ê tsuan-gia̍p ha̍k-īnn Tiong-kok kho-ha̍k-īnn tshim-tsùn sian-tsìn ki-su̍t gián-kiù-īnn sîng-li̍p.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"人民网：院市合作共建中科院深圳先进技术研究院----中国科学院\". *www.cas.cn*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2020-10-23. 2020-10-21 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"深圳先进技术研究院入驻新园区\". *中国科学院*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2023-02-25. 2023-02-25 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"中科院深圳先进技术研究院12月17日正式通过验收\". *中国政府网*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2023-02-25. 2023-02-25 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"深圳先进院第一届理事会一次会议召开\". *中国科学院*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2023-02-25. 2023-02-25 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"中国科学院大学深圳先进技术学院在深揭牌成立-中新网\". *www.chinanews.com*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2020-10-23. 2020-10-21 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Chinese Academy of Sciences (中國科學院)\n* Black Hornet Nano\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n (Hàn-gí)\n* 突破技術封鎖 中國自主研發核磁共振儀成功並啟動量產 (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Tiong-kok kho-ha̍k-īⁿ chhim-chùn sian-chìn ki-su̍t gián-kiù-īⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[798,1969,0.4052818689690198],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2263}} -{"text":"*\"Thn̂g-lūi\" choán lâi chia, khah thong-sio̍k ê ì-sù chhiáⁿ khòaⁿ: thn̂g.*\n**Thoàⁿ-chúi-hoà-bu̍t** (Eng-gí: *carbohydrate*) sī hâm-ū sng-sò͘, chúi-sò͘, kap thòaⁿ-sò͘ ê hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t. I sī iû tan-thn̂g-lūi ê thn̂g cho͘-sêng, ē-sái iōng hòa-ha̍k-sek Cn(H2O)n lâi piáu-sī, he̍k chit-chióng sêng-hun ê ián-seng-bu̍t. \n\nPau-koah si̍t-bu̍t kap tōng-bu̍t ê tāi-to-sò͘ seng-bu̍t chāi-lāi, bó͘-mih-á thòaⁿ-chúi-hòa-bu̍t sī lêng-liōng tû-chûn kap choán-î ê tiōng-iàu hêng-sek. Àn-chiàu cho͘-sêng ê thn̂g ê sò͘-bo̍k, thòaⁿ-chúi-hòa-bu̍t ē-sái hun-chò: tan-thn̂g (chhan-chhiūⁿ phô-thô-thn̂g kap kó-thn̂g), siang-thn̂g (*disaccharide*; chhan-chhiūⁿ chià-thn̂g, be̍h-gê-thn̂g kap ni-thn̂g), chió-thn̂g (*oligosaccharide*), kap to-thn̂g (*polysaccharide*; chhan-chhiūⁿ tiān-hún, koaⁿ-thn̂g, kap chhiam-ûi-sò͘. \n\nKó-thn̂g (Fischer projection)\nTan-sûn ê thòaⁿ-chúi-hòa-bu̍t hâm-ū thòaⁿ-sò͘, chúi-sò͘ kap sng-sò͘ goân-chú, í 1:2:1 ê mole pí-lu̍t cho͘-sêng, ē-sái siá chò hun-chú-sek C*n*(H*2*O)*n*. (Chit-ê hun-chú-sek kan-taⁿ sek-ha̍p tan-thn̂g, ah C*n*(H*2*O)*m* khah sek-ha̍p tāi-to-sò͘ ê thòaⁿ-chúi-hòa-bu̍t. Sui-bóng chiâⁿ-chē tiōng-iàu ê \"carbohydrate\" sī ián-seng chū chit-ê kiat-kò, chhan-chhiūⁿ deoxyribose kap glycerol, in pēng-bô hù-ha̍p giâm-keh ê thòaⁿ-chúi-hòa-bu̍t ê tēng-gī, só·-í in m̄-sī thòaⁿ-chúi-hòa-bu̍t. Ū chi̍t-kóa hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t hâm-ū kî-thaⁿ ê goân-sò· mā sǹg-sī thòaⁿ-chúi-hòa-bu̍t (chhan-chhiūⁿ chitin, i hâm-ū nitrogen). \n\nSiāng kán-tan ê thòaⁿ-chúi-hòa-bu̍t sī tan-thn̂g, 1 tiâu sè-tiâu ti̍t-ti̍t ê aldehyde kap ketone kò·-chō, tû-tiāu siang-pêng-thâu ê kong-lêng-ki bô í-gōa, ū chē-chē ê hydroxyl group tī ta̍k-ê carbon ê piⁿ-á. Kî-thaⁿ ê thòaⁿ-chúi-hòa-bu̍t sī iû tan-thn̂g chò tan-ūi lâi cho·-sêng, ē-sái thàu-kòe chúi-kái lâi hun-kái. Hâm 2 ê tan-thn̂g ê kìo-chò siang-thn̂g, 2 ê kàu 9 ê ê kiò-chò chió-thn̂g, 10 ê í-siōng ê kìo to-thn̂g.","meta":{"title":"Thoàⁿ-chúi-hoà-bu̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1886,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2149}} -{"text":"\n15 sè-kí gē-su̍t-ka só͘ ōe ê Jeanne d'Arc bô͘-iūⁿ.\n**Jeanne d'Arc** (ho͘-im: [ʒanˈdaʁk] Óa-im: \"*jiáng-tak*\"; iok 1412 nî  – 1431 nî 5 goe̍h 30 ji̍t) sī Hoat-kok ê eng-hiông jîn-bu̍t. I tī Lorraine tē-hng chhut-sì, jīn-ûi ka-kī chiap tio̍h Sîn ê khé-sī, tâu-kun jî-chhiá sut-niá Hoat-kok ê kun-tūi tī Pah-nî Chiàn-cheng tit tio̍h kúi-ā pái sèng-lī. Kàu-bóe i hō͘ Eng-lân-lâng lia̍h--tio̍h, keng-kòe chong-kàu sím-phòaⁿ liáu-āu hông phòaⁿ ī-toan kap lú-bû chōe-miâ, āu-bóe siū hóe-thiāu sí-hêng. Tī 1456 nî, kàu-hông chiah têng-sin kiám-cha sím-phòaⁿ, soan-pò͘ Jeanne d'Arc sī bô-chōe--ê.\n\nChhut-sin\n---------\n\nTùi Jeanne ê tāi-chì têng-sin chò sím-phòaⁿ ê sî-chūn, ū kì-lio̍k tio̍h Jeanne ê pē-bú sǹg sī pêng-bîn chhut-sin, bô te̍k-pia̍t hó-gia̍h ia̍h bô sàn-chhia̍h. Tī 1423 nî 10 goe̍h 7 hō ê chi̍t hāng àn-kiāⁿ tang-tiong, ū kì-su̍t Jeanne ê lāu-pē Jacques d'Arc sī Ceffonds ê lâng, i sī Domrémy chng-siā ê tiúⁿ-ló. Jeanne ê pē-bú tī chng lāi ū chha-put-to 20 khéng (*hectare*) ê thó͘-tē, hâm 12 khéng ê chhân-hn̂g kap 4 khéng ê nâ-á tē. Isabelle Romée, Jeanne ê a-bú, sī Vouthon ê phó͘-thong ka-têng chhut-sin.\n\nLâi-le̍k\n--------\n\n1415 nî kàu 1429 nî ê chêng-sè:\n  Eng-lân ê Henry 6-sè khòng-chè ê niá-tē.\n  Bourgogne ê Philip 3-sè khòng-chè ê niá-tē.\n  Hoat-lân-se ê Charles 7-sè khòng-chè ê niá-tē.\n  Chú-iàu chiàn-sū\n  Eng-lân tī 1415 nî ê hoat-peng\n  Jeanne tùi Domrémy kàu Chinon ê lō͘-tô͘\n  Jeanne tī 1429 hiòng Reims ê hoat-peng\n\n### Tâu-kun\n\nJeanne d'Arc chhut-sin ê Domrémy chng, tī i hit-chūn tú hó sī Hoat-kok kap Anglo-Bourgogne sè-le̍k saⁿ-cheⁿ ê chiân-sòaⁿ. Siū Bourgogne lâng ê ui-sè gūi-hiap, hit-chūn chng-bîn í-keng cháu-siám pa̍t ūi khì. Jeanne, kám-kak ka-tī siū tio̍h chi̍t khoán siaⁿ-im leh ín-chhōa, tī 1428 nî 5 goe̍h tùi Domrémy chiân-óng Vaucouleurs, óa-kīn jî-chhiá siū dauphin Charles (āu--lâi ê Charles 7-sè) khòng-chè ê iāu-sài. Chóng-sī Charles hit-chūn bô beh chhap, Jeanne taⁿ thang tńg chhù.\n\nLâi-kàu 1429 nî 1 goe̍h, Jeanne koh chi̍t kái kòe Vaucouleurs, chit kái kìⁿ tio̍h ê iâⁿ-koaⁿ siong-sìn i, hō͘ i khì Chinon pài-hóng Charles. Hoat-kok kun-tūi hō͘ Jeanne chò ta-po͘-khoán ê táⁿ-pān, kap chi̍t tīn jîn-bé lóng-chóng 6-ê lâng chò-phōaⁿ, kiâⁿ kòe te̍k-kun niá-tē, jî-chhiá tī 2 goe̍h 23 lâi kàu tī Chinnon. Chiong i siūⁿ beh tùi-khòng Eng-lân ê siūⁿ-hoat soeh-bêng hō͘ kok-ông liáu-āu, Jeanne siū kàu-hōe ê lâng sím-mn̄g ê sî, i piáu-sī beh tī Orléans chèng-bêng ka-tī.\n\n19 sè-kí sî biâu-siá Jeanne d'Arc tī Orléans Ûi-siâⁿ sî-chūn ê chok-phín.\nĀu-bóe Jeanne tó-tńg Chinon, 4-goe̍h sî, Charles thê-kiong hō͘ Jeanne tī Tours chi̍t kóa jîn-bé. Jean d’Aulon chò i-ê siú-ōe chhin-ióng. Orléans ê pau-ûi-chiàn chū 1428 nî 10 goe̍h 12 khai-sí, Eng-lân tī siâⁿ-chhī sì-ûi khí-siat kun-lúi. Jeanne kap chí-hui-koaⁿ La Hire tī 1429 nî 4 goe̍h 29 lâi kàu ūi, chí-sī chāi-tē ê kun-tūi tán-thāi oān-peng.\n\n### Chhut-chiàn\n\n5 goe̍h 4 hō, Jeanne hú-jiân soan-pò͘ i beh khai-sí kong-táⁿ Eng-lân-lâng, siū i kó͘-bú ê Hoat-kok kun-tūi lo̍h-bóe chiàm lo̍h--lâi chi̍t chō kun-lúi. Kàu 5 goe̍h 6 hō, in koh hiòng lēng-gōa chi̍t-ê kun-lúi chìn-peng, Eng-lân-lâng siūⁿ beh thè-kun, soah hō͘ Jeanne kap La Hire kong-kek. 7 ji̍t ê sî, Hoat-kok-lâng koh hiòng kun-lúi Les Tourelles chìn-hoat. Chit kái Jeanne soah tio̍h-siong. Keh kang Suffolk Pek-chiok (*Earl of Suffolk*) niá-chhōa ê Eng-lân kun-tūi thè cháu, m̄-koh Jeanne bô ài tī lé-pài-ji̍t kè-sio̍k sio-thâi.\n\n5 goe̍h 9 hō, Jeanne lî-khui liáu Orléans, ùi Tours hōe-kìⁿ Charles, kó͘-bú Charles kóaⁿ-kín kòe Reims chiap-siū ka-bián. Āu--lâi Jeanne koh kiàn-gī chhim-lio̍k Normandy. Chóng-sī in koat-tēng seng hiòng Loire Khe iân-hōaⁿ ê siâⁿ-chhī hoat-peng, Jeanne kap duc d’Alençon chiàm-niá chi̍t-ê chng-thâu liáu-āu, koh hiòng Eng-lân-lâng ê kun-iâⁿ Beaugency chìn-peng, mā chiap-siū Connétable de Richemont pang-chō͘, kàu-bóe Beaugency tâu-hâng.\n\n1429 nî 6 goe̍h 18, Hoat-kok kap Eng-lân kun-tūi tī Patay sio-tú. Jeann pó-chèng Hoat-kok ē-tàng sèng-lī, āu-bóe mā chiàn-iâⁿ. Jeanne kap kî-thaⁿ chiòng-sū tńg Sully-sur-Loire kap Charles hōe-ha̍p, koh chi̍t chhù kiàn-gǐ Charles hiòng Reims sóa ūi, keng-gòe saⁿ-cheⁿ, sòe-ho̍k liáu Charles. 6 goe̍h 29, in chhut-hoat hiòng Reims chìn-peng. Tī Reims, Charles ùi 1429 nî 7 goe̍h 14 siū ka-bián.\n\nCharles 7-sè tī 6 goe̍h 20 lî-khui Reims. Chiàu hit tang-chūn sú-ka ê kì-lio̍k, Jeanne í-keng sī thong Hoat-kok iú-miâ ê lâng. ÙI Senlis, Hoat-kok kap Eng-lân kun-tūi chhài chi̍t pái sio-tùi, Jeanne chit chūn chin ǹg-bāng kín kong hā Pa-lí, i kap Alençon tī 8 goe̍h 26 lâi kàu Pa-lí pak-pêng ê Saint-Denis. Tong kok-ông lâi kàu liáu-āu, in ùi 9 goe̍h 8 hō hiòng Pa-lí ê siâⁿ-mn̂g kong-kek, kong-siâⁿ ê sî, Jeanne ka-tī khiā khí thô͘-tun téng kiò Pa-lí-lâng tâu-hâng, kiat-kó soah siū-siong, keh-kang, kok-ông iau-kiû thè-kun.\n\nJeanne tòe Charles kòe Loire, in tī 9 goe̍h 22, ùi Gien kái-sàn kun-tūi, āu-bóe koh chò-hóe khì Bourges. 10 goe̍h ê sî, Jeanne hông sàng khì kong-táⁿ Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier, ēng chin chió ê jîn-bé chiàn iâⁿ. M̄-koh āu-lâi phah La Charité-sur-Loire ê sî sit-pāi. 12 goe̍h, Jeanne kap i-ê pē-bú hiaⁿ-tī, hō͘ kok-ông hong chò hôa-cho̍k.\n\n### Chhiok-ná tēng-chōe\n\n1430 nî 5 goe̍h 14, Jeanne kap i-ê hiaⁿ-tī Pierre chham Jean d’Aulon lâi kàu Compiègne, hit tang-chūn in tng leh tùi-khòng Bourgogne. Jeanne cháu ji̍p Compiègne siâⁿ lāi, 5 goe̍h 23 i niá chi̍t tīn lâng chhut-lâi sio-thâi, sui-jiân phah-thè Bourgogne, oaⁿ-ná bô hoat-tō͘ tí-khòng Eng-lân oān-peng. Beh kòe Oise Khe ê sî-chūn, Jeanne siak lo̍h bé-á, kap Pierre, Jean d’Aulon chò-hòe hō͘ Luxembourg ê Jean ê jîn-bé chhōa khì Bourgogne só͘ niá ê Margny.\n\nChit tang chūn, Reims ê tāi-chú-kàu Renaud de Chartres khòng-sò͘ Jeanne kì-choa̍t kiàn-gī jî-chhiá sûi-ì oa̍h-tāng; tông-sî siūⁿ beh kap Bourgogne thêng-chiàn ê kok-ông Charles mā bô hèng-chhù ka oân-kiù. Jeanne hō͘ chhōa khì Vermandois ê siâⁿ-pó, i kúi--a kái thau-cháu, chi̍t kái tùi thah téng thiàu--lo̍h siak hîn--khì, chòe-āu sī sàng khì Arras. Pa-lí tī 5 goe̍h 25 chiap tio̍h Jeanne hông lia̍h tio̍h ê siau-sit, keh-kang Eng-lân khòng-chè ê Pa-lí Tāi-ha̍k, tiō iau-kiû kā Jeanne sàng kòe chòe sím-phòaⁿ.\n\nKàu 1431 nî 1 goe̍h 3 ji̍t, Jeanne í-keng tī Beauvais ê chú-kàu Pierre Cauchon ê chhiú lāi. I tùi 2 goe̍h 21 kàu 3 goe̍h 24 kî-kan siū cha̍p gōa kái ê chit-mn̄g. Chóng-sì Jeanne m̄ goān-ì thê-kiong jīm-hô chêng-pò. Jeanne siū tio̍h kúi-a cha̍p hāng chí-khòng, tōa-pō͘-hūn lóng kap tùi sîn put-kèng ū koan-hē. Āu-bóe chí-khòng kiám kah chhūn 12 hāng, sàng kòe hō͘ Rouen kap Pa-lí ê sîn-ha̍k-ka kiám-sī.\n\n4 goe̍h 18, Cauchon kòe khì khòaⁿ Jeanne, hit tong-sî Jeanne í-keng phòaⁿ-pēⁿ. Kàu 5 goe̍h 23 ê sî, Pa-lí Tāi-ha̍k thong-ti liáu in ê koa-tēng, nā Jeanne î-chhî goân-lâi ê kóng-hoat, tiō beh í īⁿ-toan chò lí-iû ka khòaⁿ sí-hêng. 5 goe̍h 24, Jeanne hông sàng khì kaⁿ-ga̍k. 5 goe̍h 30 ji̍t ê sî tī Place du Vieux-Marché siū hóe-hêng chhú-koat.\n\nSiū chheng sèng-jîn\n-------------------\n\n1869 nî, Orléans ê chú-kàu Félix Dupanloup khai-sí hiòng Sèng-chō (Lô-má Kàu-hông léng-tō ê chú-kàu thoân) chhéng-goān têng-sin khó-lū koan-hē Jeanne ê àn-kiāⁿ. 1920 nî 5 goe̍h 16, Thian-chú-kàu ùi Sèng Pí-tek Tōa-sèng-tn̂g soan-pò͘ sêng-jīm Jeanne chò sèng-jîn. Félix Dupanloup pún-sin pat kiám-giām Jeanne ê le̍k-sú, i tha̍k kòe ha̍k-chiá Jules Quicherat tī 1840 nî-tāi só͘ chhut-pán, choán-siá ê chhâi-phòaⁿ bûn-su.\n\nTī bûn-gē chok-phín lāi-bīn\n---------------------------\n\nClément de Fauquembergue ê ang-á-ōe\n1429 nî 5 goe̍h 10 hō, tong Hoat-lân-se tī Orléans chiàn-iâⁿ ê siau-sit thoân kàu Pa-lí ê sî, gī-hōe ê su-kì-koaⁿ Clément de Fauquembergue tī kì-lio̍k-phō͘ ōe--lo̍h-lâi chi̍t sian Jeanne ê ang-á. Fauquembergue m̄ pat khòaⁿ kòe Jeanne pún-lâng, chóng-sī i siá ê ang-á sī hiān-tāi só͘ lâu-chûn î-it Jeanne chài-seⁿ sî-chūn ê ōe-iáⁿ.\n\nBí-kok ê Mark Twain bat chiam-tùi Jeanne d'Arc ê chi̍t sì lâng chò gián-kiù, āu-bóe siá liáu chi̍t pō͘ siáu-soat *Tùi Jeanne d'Arc ê Kò-jîn Tui-ek* (*Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc*), 1896 nî chhut-pán.\n\nChū tiān-iáⁿ hoat-bêng í-lâi, ū chin chē kì-su̍t Jeanne d'Arc ê chok-phín. Pau-koat 1999 nî hoat-kok kàn-tok Luc Besson phah ê *Jeanne d'Arc* (Eng-gí tê-bo̍k: *The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc*).\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n### Su-chì\n\n* Castor, Helen (2015). *Joan of Arc: A History*. Harper. ISBN 978-0062384393.\n* Pernoud, Régine; Clin, Marie-Véronique (1998). *Joan of Arc: Her Story*. Translated by Jeremy duQuesnay Adams. St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 0-312-22730-2.\n* Kuiper, Kathleen (2010). \"Joan of Arc\". *Britannica Guide to the World's Most Influential People : 100 Most Influential Women of All Time*. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. ISBN 978-1-61530-058-7.\n* Jaques, Tony (2007). *Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century*. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0313335365.\n\n### Chù-kha\n\n1. 1 2 3 Castor 2015\n2. ↑ Pernoud & Clin 1998\n3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Kuiper 2010\n4. ↑ Jaques 2007, Orleans | 1428–1429 | Hundred Years War\n5. ↑ Castor 2015, Epilogue: 'Saint Joan'\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n* *Joan of Arc Archive*, siu-chi̍p Jeanne d'Arc chu-liāu ê bûn-khò͘.\n* *Sè-kài cha̍p-jī Uí-jîn lūn*, ū 1927 nî 9 goe̍h *Kòa-chhài chí* cha̍p-chì tùi Jeanne ê kài-siāu.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 97108273\n* LCCN: n79033041\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2144 6253\n* GND: 118557238\n* SELIBR: 191568\n* SUDOC: 02874005X\n* BNF: cb11945486j (data)\n* BIBSYS: 90117305\n* ULAN: 500343198\n* MusicBrainz: 511c0e77-5d1c-4c47-a7e7-7dd9e43afe22\n* NLA: 35244296\n* NDL: 00620883\n* NKC: jn20000720114\n* BNE: XX983805\n* CiNii: DA06777258\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Jeanne d'Arc*** |","meta":{"title":"Jeanne d'Arc","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1580,9319,0.16954608863611975],"infobox":["
    Jeanne d'Arc
    Chhut-sì-ji̍t\n約1412 nî \"Edit
    Chhut-sì-tē\nDomrémy-la-Pucelle \"Edit
    Pún-miâ\n未知數值
    Koè-sin-ji̍t\n1431 nî Gō·-goe̍h 30 ji̍t \"Edit (18 hòe)
    Koè-sin-tē\nRouen \"Edit
    Koè-sin goân-in\nHóe-hêng \"Edit
    Kok-che̍k\nHoat-lân-se Ông-kok \"Edit
    Bú-gí\n中古法語 \"Edit
    ē kóng\n中古法語 \"Edit
    chong-kàu\nThian-chú-kàu \"Edit
    Chit-gia̍p\nKun-jîn \"Edit
    Lāu-pē\n雅克·達爾克 \"Edit
    Lāu-bú\n伊莎貝拉·洛美 \"Edit
    Hiaⁿ-tī chí-moē\nCatherine d'Arc, Jacques of Arc, Jean d'Arc, Pierre d'Arc \"Edit
    \n
    [tī Wikidata kái]
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":10720}} -{"text":"Tiáu Píng-kun \nTiáu Píng-kun\n**Tiáu Píng-kun** (hàn-gú: 趙秉鈞; 1859-nî 2-gue̍h 3ji̍t—1914-nî 2-gue̍h 26-ji̍t; **Tiō Píng-kun**), jī Tì Am (智庵), Tiong-kok Hô-lâm síng Jú-tsiu (汝州) Ti̍k-lē tsiu (直隸州) jîn-sū. Tiong-kok tshing bua̍t bîn tshoo tsìng-tī-ka, Uân Sè-khái êtshin-sìn. Iah-sī Tiong-kok hiān-tāi kìng-tshat tsè-tōo tshòng-sí jîn. Tiong-hua bîn-kok tshoo-nî pat tam-jīm kuè Tiong-hua bîn-kok kok-bū tsóng-lí; pīng-tshiánn teh tong-sî ka-ji̍p kok-bîn-tóng tam-jīm lí-sū. M̄-ko kî-āu in-uī puē-hū Sòng Kàu-jîn gū tshì àn (遇刺案) ê hiâm-gî jî-lâi sî-khì tsóng-lí it-tsi, iû Tuān Kî-suī tsiām-khuân. Āu--lâi tiòng-hong sí-bông.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 李宗一《趙秉鈞》中国社会科学院近代史研究所 (1980). *民国人物传 第2卷*. 中華書局.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Tiong-kok kìng-tshat tsè-tōo (中國警察制度)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Zhao Bingjun*** |\n\n* 趙秉鈞是怎麼死的 (Hàn-gí)\n* 后人忆史：民国总理赵秉钧死于中风 与宋案无关 (Hàn-gí)\n* 笔者：走进民国总理赵秉钧 (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Tiáu Péng-kun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[289,940,0.3074468085106383],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1154}} -{"text":"\n\n**Tn̂g-oē Hoan-jī Chho͘-ha̍k** (hàn-jī: 唐話番字初學) sī Chheng-tiâu Hâm-hong 2 nî (1852 nî) ê sî-chūn, iû Talmage bo̍k-su tī Ē-mn̂g khan-teng ê kà-chheh, choan-bûn kài-siāu Pe̍h-oē-jī ê sú-iōng hong-sek. Chit pún Pe̍h-oē-jī kà-chheh lóng-chóng 15 ia̍h, tong-chho choān-siá ê chú-iàu bo̍k-tek sī beh the̍h lâi hoan-e̍k *Sèng-keng*. Chheh-miâ tiong só͘ kóng ê \"Tn̂g-oē\" chiū-sī Bân-lâm-gí ê Ē-mn̂g hong-giân, ah \"Hoan-jī\" chiū-sī Lô-má-jī.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nChit pún chheh iân-khí chū 1850 nî ê Ē-mn̂g, 1852 nî ôan-sêng. Bân-lâm-gí pán-pún ê *Sèng-keng* *Lō͘-tek-kì*(1853), *Lō͘-ka Hok-im*(1866), *Loh-hān It-su*, *Loh-hān Jī-su*, *Loh-hān Sam-su*(1870) kah *Má-thài Hok-im*(1872) lóng sī chham-khó chit pún kà-chheh ê hong-àn. Tâi-ôan ê *Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe Kong-pò* (台灣教會公報) mā chhái-iōng chit pún chheh só͘ chè-tēng ê chit thò pheng-im bûn-jī.\n\n1894 nî, Talmage bo̍k-su kòe-sin 2 nî liáu-āu, koh chhut-pán *Ē-mn̂g-im ê jī-tián* (廈門音个字典), sī chìn chi̍t pō͘ sú-iōng Pe̍h-oē-jī phian-pâi ê Bân-lâm-gí Ē-mn̂g hong-giân jī-tián.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Pe̍h-oē-jī\n* Ē-mn̂g-im ê jī-tián","meta":{"title":"Tn̂g-oē Hoan-jī Chho͘-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[346,1340,0.2582089552238806],"infobox":["
    唐話番字初學
    \n
    Chok-chiá\n打馬字
    Original title\nTn̂g-oē Hoan-jī Chho͘-ha̍k
    Kok-ka\n中國廈門
    Gí-giân\n白話字
    Hē-lia̍t\n音韻學
    Chhut-pán ji̍t-chí
    		\n1852年
    Mûi-thé\n平裝本
    Chheh-ia̍h\n15
    ","
    \n唐話番字初學
    Hàn-jī\n唐話番字初學
    Pe̍h-ōe-jī\nTn̂g-ōe Hoan-jī Chho͘-ha̍k
    Tâi-lô\nTn̂g-uē Huan-jī Tshoo-ha̍k
    Bbánpìng\nTn̄gwê Huānzzǐ Coō'hák
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1228}} -{"text":"**Ji̍t-pún kok-tsè būn-tê gián-kiù-sóo** (ing-gú: Japan Institute of International Affairs; kán-tshing **JIIA**; ji̍t-gú: 公益財団法人日本国際問題研究所 (nihon kokusai mondai kenkyūshio (にほんこくさいもんだいけんきゅうしょ)), kán-tshing **Kok-būn-gián** (国問研, koku mon ken (こくもんけん))) sī Ji̍t-pún ê tsi̍t-king guā-kau tsìng-tshik hām an-tsuân tì-khòo [en]. JIIA sîng-li̍p tī 1959-nî 12-gue̍h, sī-í Ing-kok hông-ka kok-tsè sū-bū gián-kiù-sóo (Chatham House) tíng-tíng ki-kòo uî lâm-pún. Ji̍t-pún siú-siòng Yoshida Shigeru (吉田茂) sī JIIA ê tē-1 jîm tsú-si̍k. JIIA ê hiān-jīm tsú-si̍k sī Ji̍t-pún guā-bū-síng tsiân pōo-tiúnn kiam tsù Bí-kok tāi-sài Sasae Kenichiro (佐佐憲一郎).\n\nKin-kì guā-kau tsa̍p-tsì hām Pennsylvania tāi-ha̍k Lauder gián-kiù-sóo tì-khòo kah Civil Societies Program ê sòo-kì, JIIA sī Ji̍t-pún ê tíng-kip tì-khòo, teh A-tsiu tíng-kip tì-khòo pâi-miâ tang-tiong pâi tē-1: Tiong-kok, Ìn-tōo, Ji̍t-pún kah Hân-kok.\n\nJIIA sī tsi̍t-ê su-jîn ê, bô tóng-phài ê tsìng-tshik tì-khòo, hū-tsik sím-tsa Ji̍t-pún ê guā-kau tsìng-tshik pīng hiòng jit-pu tsìng-hú thê-tshut kiàn-gī. JIIA í-king tshut-pán 100 guā-pún tsheh. JIIA iah-koh tshut-pán tsit-hūn kuan-î guā-kau sū-bū ê Ji̍t-gú gue̍h-khan Kokusai Mondai. JIIA tsan-kingt lē-sio̍k teh guā-kau-pōo.\n\nJIIA tīng-kî tsoo-tsit lūn-tân, gián-thó-huē kap kok-tsè huē-gī, hōo Ji̍t-pún hām kok-tsè tsuan-ka thó-lūn kah piān-lūn Ji̍t-pún ê guā-kau tsìng-tshik hām sè-kài sū-bū.\n\nJIIA iah-koh khai-tián kap A-thài tē-khu, Tang-pak-a, Bí-tsiu, Au-tsiu, Gôlôsu kah to̍k-lián-thé, Tiong-tang hām Hui-tsiu, an-tsuân kah tsuân-kiû-huà iú-kuan ê guā-kau tsìng-tshik būn-tê ê gián-kiù kè-uē.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"ABOUT US - JIIA -The Japan Institute of International Affairs-\". *www2.jiia.or.jp*.\n2. ↑ *The Think Tank Index*, Foreign Policy, goân-loē-iông tī 2009-01-19 hőng khó͘-pih\n3. ↑ *PENN LIBRARIES Scholarly Commons*\n4. 1 2 \"RESEARCH & PUBLICATION - JIIA -The Japan Institute of International Affairs-\". *www2.jiia.or.jp*.\n5. ↑ \"EVENT - JIIA -The Japan Institute of International Affairs-\". *www2.jiia.or.jp*.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Kenichirō Sasae\n* Chatham House\n* Think tank\n* Foreign Affairs\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Official Website of JIIA (English)\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 159390186\n* LCCN: n50064644\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2238 6520\n* GND: 108639206X\n* SUDOC: 059396032\n* BNF: cb121782387 (data)\n* NDL: 00281432\n* CiNii: DA00330796\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ji̍t-pún kok-chè būn-tê gián-kiù-só͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[588,2232,0.26344086021505375],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2716}} -{"text":"Pastillas (*pellets*) de combustible nuclear para un reactor de agua ligera.\nUranium oxide tablets. They are then packed on top of each other in tubes of the same section of zirconium, to form a fuel rod about 4 meters long..\nNuclear fuel, the enlargement on the left shows the so called pellets. Original size of the module is about 4.5m in length.\n**Hūn-ha̍p ióng-huà-bu̍t jiân-liāu**, thong-siông kiò-tsò **MOX jiân-liāu** (MOX fuel; Mixed oxide fuel; **Hūn-ha̍p sng-huà-bu̍t jiân-liāu**), sī hâm-iú tsi̍t-tsióng í-siōng iông-ī liat-piàn tsâi-liāu iông-huà-bu̍t ê hi̍k jiân-liāu, thong-siông iû plutonium kap thian-jiân uranium, tsài ka-kang uranium hi̍k-tsiá \"pîn-huà uranium\" (depleted uranium) hūn-ha̍p jî-sîng. MOX jiân-liāu sī khin-tsuí \"huán-ìng-tui\" (reactor) tang-tiong suiong ê \"kē lông-sok uranium\" (LEU) jiân-liāu ê thè-tāi-phín. tsit-ê \"huán-ìng-tui\" (reactor) tsú-iàu iōng-teh hi̍k-lîng huat-tiān.\n\nPí-jû, 7% plutonium (pòo) hām 93% thian-jiân uranium (iû) ê hūn-ha̍p bu̍t kah LEU jiân-liāu (3% tsì 5% uranium 235) ê huán-ìng luī-sū, m̄-koh bô uân-tsuân sio-kāng. MOX thong-siông iû nn̄g kai-tuānn tsoo-sîng, UO2 hām PuO2, hām/hi̍k tan kai-tuānn kòo iông-thé (U, Pu)O2. PuO2 ê hâm-liōng khó-lîng uì 1.5 wt.% kàu 25–30 wt.% put-tíng, kū-thé kài-tsāi teh hi̍k \"huán-ìng tui\" (nuclear reactor) ê luī-hîng.\n\nMOX jiân-liāu ê tsi̍t-ê khip-ín-li̍k teh i sī tsi̍t-tsióng lī-iōng tshun-ê buk-hi kip plutonium ê hong-huat, sītsi̍t-tsióng thú-tsûn tshun-ê plutonium ê thè-tài hong-àn, su-iàu khak-pó tshun-ê plutonium bô-hông thau-the̍h, í iōng-teh hi̍k bú-khì. Līng-guā tsi̍t hong-bīn, ū tsi̍t-kuá-á kíng-kò kóng, tsuân-kiû MOX jiân-liāu siong-gia̍p sú-iōng ê tsìng-siông huà, í-ki̍p hi̍k āu tshú-lí ê siong-kuan khok-tián; tse lóng teh kóo-lē teh bîn-kan hi̍k jiân-liāu sûn-huân tang-tiong tsing-ka uì \"hua̍t jiân-liāu\" (spent fuel) lāi-té hun-lî tshut plutonium. Tsiū-án-ni tsing-ka suah m̄ sī kiám-tsió hi̍k thuànn-khui ê hong-hiám.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Military Warheads as a Source of Nuclear Fuel - Megatons to MegaWatts - World Nuclear Association\". *www.world-nuclear.org*. goân-loē-iông tī 2013-02-24 hőng khó͘-pih. 2008-09-06 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"U.S. MOX program wanted relaxed security at the weapon-grade plutonium facility\". 11 April 2011.\n3. ↑ \"Is U.S. Reprocessing Worth The Risk? - Arms Control Association\". *www.armscontrol.org*.\n4. ↑ \"Factsheets on West Valley · NIRS\". 1 March 2015. goân-loē-iông tī 20 March 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. 6 September 2008 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ Podvig, Pavel (10 March 2011). \"U.S. plutonium disposition program: Uncertainties of the MOX route\". International Panel on Fissile Materials. 13 February 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Nuclear breeder reactor\n* Nuclear fission\n* Nuclear fuel cycle\n* Nuclear power\n* Nuclear power plant\n* Remix Fuel\n* Spent nuclear fuel shipping cask\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Technical Aspects of the Use of Weapons Plutonium as Reactor Fuel\n* Synergistic Nuclear Fuel Cycles of the Future\n* Nuclear Issues Briefing Paper 42\n* Burning Weapons Plutonium in CANDU Reactors\n* Program to turn plutonium bombs into fuel hits snags Archived 2007-09-12 at the Wayback Machine.\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* NDL: 01074886\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"MOX jiân-liāu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[998,2857,0.34931746587329365],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3477}} -{"text":"**Pak-iông kun-i ha̍k-tông** (hàn-gú: 北洋軍醫學堂; **Pak-iûnn kun-i ha̍k-tông**) khai-sí tshòng-li̍p tī 1902-nî (Tshing Kong-sū 28-nî), sī kin-á-ji̍t teh Tâi-uân ê kok-hông i-ha̍k-īnn, hi̍k-tsiá kiò-tsò Kok-hông i-ha̍k tiong-sim (NDMC) ê tsiân-sin. Iōng tsit-khuánn ê tshing-hoo tio̍h-hōo Tiong-hua bîn-kok kok-hông i-ha̍k-īnn tsiânn-tsò Tiong-hua bîn-kok kun-sū īnn-hāu tang-tiong li̍k-sú siōng iu-kiú ê ha̍k-hú.\n\nLi̍k-sú\n-------\n\nPak-iông kun-i ha̍k-tông tshòng-li̍p tī 1902-nî 11-gue̍h 14-ji̍t, sī hit tong-sî Ti̍t-lē tsóng-tok pak-iông tāi-sîn Uân Sè-khái sóo tshòng-li̍p, iû Pak-iông kun-tsìng-su kun-kio̍k hū-tsik tiû-pān. Kun-i-kio̍k tsóng-pān Sû Huâ-tshing (徐華清/Tshî Huâ-tshing) kiam-jīm ha̍k-tông tsóng-lí. Phìng-tshiánn Ji̍t-pún tsū-kun pēnn-īnn ê īnn-tiúnn Hiraga Seijilou (平賀精次郎/ひらが せいじろう) lio̍k-kun jī-tíng kun-i-tsìng (軍醫正) uî tsóng-kàu-si̍p (總教習). Tsuan-bûn puê-ióng Pak-iông lio̍k-kun kun-i uî bo̍k-ti̍k, tī 1902-nî 12 gue̍h 1-ji̍t kú-pān thâu-tsi̍t-kî tsio-sing khó-tshì, lio̍k-tshú tsiann-pī ha̍k-guân 46 jîn. 1902-nî 12-gue̍h khai-sí siū-khò. 1903-nî tshun-thinn, ho̍k-tshì tsin-suántsin-sua, tsiann-tshú ha̍k-sing 37-jîn; uî lio̍k-tshú ê ha̍k-guân khàu-tû miâ-gia̍h, tio̍h-sî hù-khò tsiá (附課者). Kin-kì Pak-iông kun-i ha̍k-tông tsiong-tîng (北洋軍醫學堂章程), ha̍k-tsè 3-nî puànn, siat-li̍p tsóng-huē-pān 2-guân, tsóng-kàu 1-guân, hun-kàu 8-guân. Pak-iông ta̍k-nî puah-khuánn 2 bān-niú king-huì. 1906-nî tshòng-pān io̍h-kho. Tīng Siū (鄭壽), Bīng Bo̍k-tik (孟目的), Tîn Phok (陳璞) tíng-tíng jîn-sū sian-āu tam-jīm tsú-jīm.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 天津史志丛刊. 1, 二十世纪初的天津概况 [地方志] / 日本中国驻屯军司令部编 ; 侯振彤译 (1986年4月第1版) 内部发行. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Pak-iông hông-i̍k pēnn-īnn (北洋防疫醫院)\n* Thian-tsin kuann pēnn-īnn (天津官醫院)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 国防医学院首页-National Defense Medical Center，NDMC (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Pak-iông kun-i ha̍k-tông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[248,1816,0.13656387665198239],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2106}} -{"text":"\n**Tiong Tîng-gio̍k** (hàn-gú: 張廷玉; 1672-nî 10-gue̍h 29-ji̍t—1755-nî 5-gue̍h 19-ji̍t; **Tiunn Tîng-gio̍k**), jī Hîng-sîn (衡臣), hō Giân-tsai (研齋), Tiong-kok An-hui Tông-sîng (桐城) jîn-sū, tshut-sin Tông-sîng Tiong-sī ka-tso̍k. Tshing-kok tsing-ti jîn-bu̍t, Khong Iong Khiân (康雍乾) sam-tiâu tiōng-sîn; \"Bîng-sú\" tsóng-tsuán kuan (總纂官), sí-āu phuè-hióng thài-biō. Tiong Tîng-gio̍k teh Khong-hi 39-nî (1700-nî) kho-tiòng tsìn-sū. Khong-hi tiâu, jīm Hîng-pōo Tsó sū-lông (左侍郎). Iong-tsìng tiâu, jīm Lé-pōo Siōng-su (禮部尚書), Hōo-pōo Siōng-su (戶部尚書), Lī-pōo Siōng-su (吏部尚書), Pó-hê tiān Tāi-ha̍k sū (保和殿大學士), Kun-ki tāi-sîn (軍機大臣) tíng-tíng, uân-siān Kun-ki tshú (軍機處) tsè-tōo. Khiân-liông nî-kan, ka-hong Thài-pó (太保); āu tik-tsuē Khiân-liông tè, hiám-á tso-hō. Āu-lâi iu-guân i-kì Iong-tsìng tè i-bīng phuè-hióng thài-biō, sī tshing-tiâu uî-it phuè-hióng thài-biō ê hàn-tso̍k tāi-sîn. Sī Bûn-hê (文和).\n\nSing-pîng\n---------\n\n### Khong-hi tiâu\n\nKhong-hi 11-nî 9-gue̍h tshe 9-ji̍t (1672-nî 10-gue̍h 29-ji̍t), Tiong Tîng-gio̍k tshut-sì teh kiann-su. Sī Khong-hi tiâuTāi-ha̍k sū Tiong Ing ê kiánn. Khong-hi 39-nî (1700-nî), kho-tiâu tsìn-sū, siū hān-lîm-īnn (翰林院) kiám-thó (檢討), ji̍p-ti̍t Lâm su-hông (南書), In-uī pē-bú siong-sū tńg--khì. Ting-iu uân-pit, kái-jīm Su-king kio̍k (司經局) Sé-bé (洗馬). Li̍k-jīm Sū-tsí (庶子), Sū-káng ha̍k-sū (侍講學士), Luē-kok ha̍k-sū (內閣學士)[1]. Khong-hi 59-nî (1720年), siū Hîng-pōo Tsó sū-lông (左侍郎). Suann-tang iâm-huàn (鹽販) Ông Bí-kong (王美公) tíng-tíng kiû-tsi̍p tsiòng-jîn thuân-kàu, Sûn-hú (巡撫) Lí Sū-tik (李樹德) bīng-līng tāi-pōo tîng-tî, lia̍h--tio̍h 150 guā-lâng. Tshing sìng-tsóo (清聖祖) bīng Tiong Tîng-gio̍k hām Too-thóng (都統) Thok-lāi (託賴), Ha̍k-sū Ting Tik (登德) it-tông sím-lí, í sat 7-jîn, liû-hòng 35-jîn sut-pian (戍邊) tīng-àn. Tshù-nî siū Lé-pōo tsó sū-lông (吏部左侍郎).\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 《清史稿》（卷288）:\"五十九年，授刑部侍郎。山東鹽販王美公等糾眾倡邪教，巡撫 李樹德令捕治，得百五十餘人。上命 廷玉與都統託賴、學士 登德會勘，戮七人、戍三十五而讞定。旋調吏部。\" (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Kun-ki tshú (軍機處)\n* Kun-ki tāi-sîn (軍機大臣)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 雍正與張廷玉之情誼 (Hàn-gí)\n* 張廷玉--張英家族三人 (Hàn-gí)\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 57982381\n* LCCN: n83002654\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2134 6447\n* GND: 1013308093\n* SUDOC: 18521276X\n* BNF: cb170369131 (data)\n* NLA: 36617403\n* NDL: 00748650\n* BNE: XX4723406\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tiong Têng-gio̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1208,3041,0.3972377507398882],"infobox":["\n
    Tiong Tîng-gio̍k
    \n
    Chief Grand Councillor
    \nJīm-kî
    1731–1732
    Chêng-jīm\nMarsai
    Kè-jīm\nOrtai
    Grand Councillor
    \nJīm-kî
    1729–1749
    Grand Secretary of the Baohe Hall
    \nJīm-kî
    1728–1749
    Grand Secretary of the Wenhua Hall
    \nJīm-kî
    1727–1728
    Grand Secretary of the Wenyuan Library
    \nJīm-kî
    1726–1727
    Assistant Grand Secretary
    \nJīm-kî
    1725–1726
    Minister of Revenue
    \nJīm-kî
    1723–1726
    kap Xuyuanmeng tông-sî chāi-chit
    Chêng-jīm\nTian Congdian
    Kè-jīm\nJiang Tingxi
    Lé-pōo
    \nJīm-kî
    1723–1723
    kap Suku tông-sî chāi-chit
    Chêng-jīm\nChen Yuanlong
    Kè-jīm\nZhang Boxing
    Kò-jîn chu-sìn
    Chhut-sì\n1672 nî 10 goe̍h 29 ji̍t(1672-10-29)
    Tiong-kok Pak-kiann
    Kòe-sin\n1755 nî 5 goe̍h 19 ji̍t (82 hòe)
    Tongcheng, Anhui
    Ka-sio̍k\nZhang Tinglu (hiann-tī)
    Kiáⁿ-jî\nZhang Ruoai, Zhang Ruocheng, Zhang Ruoting
    Chit-gia̍p\ntsìng-tī ka, ha̍k-tsiá, li̍k-sú ha̍k-ka
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2740}} -{"text":"\n**Sin-ka-pho** (新加坡), choân-chheng **Sin-ka-pho Kiōng-hô-kok** (新加坡共和國, Eng-gí: Republic of Singapore), sī Má-lâi poàn-tó lâm-hong ê tó-kok, thó͘-tē bīn-chek 647.5 km².\n\nSin-ka-pho ê jîn-kháu ū tāi-iok 400-bān lâng. Tn̂g-lâng chiàm 76.9%, Má-lâi-lâng 14%, Ìn-tō͘-lâng 7.7%, ki-thaⁿ cho̍k-kûn chiàm 1.4%.\n\nChú-iàu ê chong-kàu ū: Hu̍t-kàu, Tō-kàu, Islam-kàu, Ki-tok-kàu kah ìn-tō͘-kàu. \n\nMá-lâi-gí sī kok-gí. Eng-gí, Hôa-gí (tong-tē chheng Tn̂g-lâng-ōe), Tamil-gí lóng-sī koaⁿ-hong gí-giân, kî-tiong Eng-gí iū-koh sī hêng-chèng iōng-gí, thong-iōng ê kang-chok gí-giân.\n\nHôa-jîn cho̍k-kûn ê thong-iōng gí-giân ū: Hôa-gí, Hok-kiàn-oē, Tiô-chiu-oē, Kńg-tang-ōe kap Kheh-ka-gí sù tāi hong-giân.\n\nTē-miâ\n------\n\nTû-liáu \"Sin-ka-pho\" í-goā, chit-ê só͘-chāi koh ū chin chē kî-tha ê miâ, chhan-chhiūⁿ \"Sai-siâⁿ\" (獅城) kap Má-lâi-gí ê \"Temasek\"; Ji̍t-pún chhàm-niá ê sî-chūn ia̍h bat kái chò \"Syônantô\" (昭南島). Í-chá ê hàn-jī siá-hoat pau-koa 星加坡, 新嘉坡, 新加坡 í-ki̍p 星嘉坡, 1965 nî to̍k-li̍p í-āu, hàn-jī it-lu̍t ēng 新加坡.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSai-thâu-hî\nSin-ka-pho le̍k-sú chin té-chiām, chá-kî chú-iàu sī Má-lâi-lâng tī chia tòa, tāi-iok tī-leh kong-gôan 13, 14 sè-kí hit-chūn, Tiong-kok-lâng to̍h í-keng lâi-kàu Sin-Má tē-khu. Bêng, Chheng sî-tāi ê Hok-kiàn-lâng, kā Sin-ka-pho kiò-chòe \"Sit-la̍t\" (gí-goân sī Má-lâi-gí ê *Selat*) he̍k-chiá \"Sit-la̍t-po͘\". Kong-gôan 1819 nî 1 ge̍h 29 hō, Eng-kok Tang-ìn-tō͘ kong-si ê sin-lô Stamford Raffles lâi-kàu Sin-ka-pho, pēng-chhiáⁿ khai-sí kóan-ha̍t chit-tè thó͘-tē. Kong-gôan 1824 nî, Sin-ka-pho chèng-sek chiâⁿ-chòe Eng-kok ê si̍t-bîn-tē. \n\nKong-gôan 1941 nî, Thài-pêng-iûⁿ chiàn-cheng ê sî-kî, Sin-ka-pho cho-siū Ji̍t-pún-lâng thóng-tī 3 nî koh 6 go̍eh-ji̍t. Kàu-kah 1945 nî 8 ge̍h, Eng-kok chiah-koh chia̍p-kóan Sin-ka-pho. 1959 nî, Sin-ka-pho tit-tio̍h chū-tī ê tē-ūi, liáu-āu, tī 1963, iū-koh kiat-ha̍p hit-tong-sî ê Má-lâi Liân-pang, Sarawak kah Pak Borneo (iā-to̍h-sī chit-chūn ê \"Sabah\" ), kiōng-tông sêng-li̍p Má-lâi-se-a Liân-pang, thoat-lī Eng-kok ê thóng-tī. Kong-gôan 1965 nî 8 ge̍h 9 hō, Sin-ka-pho soan-pò͘ thè-chhut Má-lâi-se-a Liân-pang, chèng-sek chiâⁿ-chò 1-ê chú-kôan to̍k-li̍p ê kok-ka. \n\nChhú-khì 30-nî tiong-kan, Sin-ka-pho keng-chè tit-tio̍h hui-sok ê hoat-tián, chiâⁿ-chòe Tang-lâm-a tiōng-iàu ê kim-iông kah chóan-kháu bō͘-ek tiong-sim, sī A-chiu sì-sió-liông chi-chi̍t.\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\nSin-ka-pho sī gī-hōe-chè ê kok-ka, kok-ka ki-kò͘ si̍t-hêng sam-koân hun-li̍p, chóng-thóng sī ti̍t-chiap bîn-sóan sán-seng--ê, sī kok-ka ê gôan-siú. Kok-hōe gī-ôan mā-sī sóan-kú sán-seng. Ah chóng-lí sī àn kok-hōe to-sò͘ tóng tang-tiong sán-seng, i léng-tō ê lōe-koh iong-iú hêng-chèng-kôan. Chóng-lí ē-tàng ùi gī-ôan tang-tiong sóan-chhut lōe-koh sêng-ôan. \n\nSe-hong kok-ka phoe-phêng kóng, Sin-ka-pho Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng tn̂g-kî chiáng-khòng tio̍h Sin-ka-pho ê chèng-tī bú-tâi, kok-hōe sêng-ôan tōa-to-sò͘ lóng-sī chit-ê tóng ê lâng, ah chêng-āu 3-jīm ê chóng-lí (Lí Kong-iāu, Gô͘ Chok-tòng kah Lí Hián-liông) mā sî lâi-chū chit-ê tóng. Sin-ka-pho chèng-hú thé-chè kán-ná koh-khah chiap-kīn choan-chè thóng-tī, iah hām bîn-chú chèng-tī chin bô sio-siâng. Iah m̄-ko̍h hō͘ lâng kám-kak kiaⁿ-kî kah chheng-chàn ê sī, Sin-ka-pho chèng-hú kèng-jiân sī 1-ê ôan-chôan thàu-bêng, chheng-liâm iū-koh ko-hāu ê chèng-hú.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nChhī-tiong-sim ê lâu-á-chhù\nKong-gôan 1965 nî liāu-āu, Sin-ka-pho ê keng-chè sìn-sok hoat-tián--khí-lâi, chiâⁿ-chòe sin-heng ê hiān-tāi-hòa kang-gia̍p kok-ka. Kang-gia̍p chú-iàu pau-koat kok-lāi siōng-tōa ê liàn-iû tiong-sim, hòa-kang, chō-chûn, tiān-chú kah ki-hâi téng. Tù-miâ ê Jū-lông kang-gia̍p-khu (Hàn-jī:裕廊, Eng-gí :Jurong Industrial Park) to̍h-sī tī Sin-ka-pho. Kok-chè bō͘-ek kah kim-iông gia̍p tī Sin-ka-pho keng-chè tang-tiong pān-ián tio̍h chin-chiàⁿ tiōng-iàu ê kak-sek. Bo̍k-chiân, Sin-ka-pho sī chôan-kiu tē-4-tōa gōa-hōe chhī-tiûⁿ kau-ek tiong-sim, kan-ta pâi-tī Niú-iok, Lûn-tun kah Tang-kiaⁿ ê āu-piah. Sin-ka-pho ūn-su gia̍p hui-siông hoat-ta̍t, chit-tè ū chôan-kiû siāng hôan-bâng, siāng lāu-jia̍t ê káng-kháu kah ki-tiûⁿ. Choè-kīn kúi nî, Sin-ka-pho toā-liōng tâu-chu, kè-oē seng-bu̍t kho-ki ê sán-gia̍p hoat-tián. Jîn-bîn seng-oa̍h chúi-pêng chin-kôan, jîn-kin kok-bîn seng-sán chóng-ti̍t chhiau-kòe 3-bān Bí-gôan, pâi-tī sè-kài thâu-kúi-miâ. Lú-iû gia̍p mā tī kok-ka chéng-kô ê keng-chè kiat-kò͘ tang-tiong chiàm-kū tiōng-iàu ê pí-tāng, lâi chia chhit-thô, lú-iû ê lâng-kheh chú-iàu lâi-chū Ji̍t-pún, Tiong-kok, Au-Bí kah Tang-lâm-a kî-thaⁿ kok-ka .\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTang-lâm-a ê kok-ka |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Bûn-lâi · Hui-li̍p-pin · Ìn-nî · Kán-po͘-chē · Láu-o · Má-lâi-se-a · Bián-tiān · Oa̍t-lâm · Sin-ka-pho · Thài-kok · Tang Timor |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nA-chiu ê kok-ka kah i-lāi-tē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Kok-ka | A-la-pek Liân-ha̍p Thâu-lâng-kok · Abkhazia1 4 · Afghanistan · Ai-ki̍p5 · Armenia · Artsakh1 · Azerbaijan4 · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Bián-tiān · Bông-kó͘ · Bûn-lâi · Gruzia4 · Hui-li̍p-pin · Í-sek-lia̍t · Ìn-nî6 · Ìn-tō͘ · Iok-tàn · Iran · Iraq · Ji̍t-pún · Kán-po͘-chē · Kazakhstan4 · Ku-pí-lō͘4 · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Lâm Ossetia1 4 · Lī-pa-lùn · Láu-o · Lō͘-se-a4 · Má-lâi-se-a · Maldives · Nî-pô-lô · Oa̍t-lâm · Oman · Pak Ku-pí-lō͘1 4 · Pakistan · Palestine1 2 · Qatar · Saudi A-la-pek · Sin-ka-pho · Sri Lanka · Su-lī-a · Hân-kok · Tâi-oân1 3 · Tajikistan · Tang Timor6 · Thài-kok · Pak Tiâu-sián · Tiong-kok · Thó͘-ní-kî4 · Turkmenistan · Uzbekistan · Yemen |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ ê léng-thó͘ | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok | Akrotiri kap Dhekelia |\n| |\n| Tiong-kok | Hiong-káng  · Ò-mn̂g |\n| |\n| Ò-chiu | Cocos Kûn-tó  · Sèng-tàn-tó |\n\n |\n| |\n| Chhù: 1. M̄-sī Liân-ha̍p-kok ê hoē-oân-kok. 2.Chiáⁿ-koàⁿ Palestine būn-tê 3.M̄-sī chèng-sek ê kok-miâ, hō͘ Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok ê chèng-hú thóng-tì. Chiáⁿ-koàⁿ Tâi-oân būn-tê. 4. Mā sī Au-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. 5. Mā sī Hui-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. 6. Mā sī Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 151204333\n* LCCN: n79059023\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2185 1814\n* GND: 4055089-8\n* SUDOC: 026400960\n* BNF: cb11865542f (data)\n* HDS: 003426\n* NLA: 35501559\n* NDL: 00571024\n* NKC: ge130813\n* CiNii: DA02072374\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Sin-ka-pho","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2578,6939,0.37152327424700965],"infobox":["\n
    Sin-ka-pho Kiōng-hô-kok
    Republik Singapura
    \n
    \n
    kî-thaⁿ chāi-tē gí-giân
    \n
    • Republic of Singapore
      新加坡共和国
      சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Sin-ka-pho
    \n
    kok-kî
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Sin-ka-pho
    \n
    kok-hui
    \n
    \n
    \nChu-kù: Majulah Singapura
    \"Hiòng-chiân Sin-ka-pho\"
    \nKok-koa: Majulah Singapura
    \"Hiòng-chiân Sin-ka-pho\"
    \n
    Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân\n
    Sêng-jīn ê kok-ka gí-giân\nMá-lâi-gí
    Chèng-hú\ntan-it-chè, it-tóng iu-sè, gī-hoē kiōng-hô-chè
    • chóng-thóng
    		\nTharman Shanmugaratnam
    • chóng-lí
    		\nLí Hián-liông
    Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘\nKok-hoē
    Bīn-chek
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n728.6 km2 (281.3 sq mi) (tē 176 miâ)
    Jîn-kháu
    • 2021 nî kó͘-kè
    		\n\"Neutral 5,453,600 (tē 115 miâ)
    • Bi̍t-tō͘
    		\n7,804/km2 (20,212.3/sq mi) (tē 2 miâ)
    GDP (PPP)\n2021 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Increase\"$600.063 cha̍p-ek (tē 38 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Increase\"$102,742 (tē 2 miâ)
    GDP (bêng-gī)\n2021 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Increase\"$374.394 cha̍p-ek (tē 38 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Increase\"$64,103 (tē 8 miâ)
    Gini (2017 nî)\n\"Steady\" 45.9
    tiong
    HDI (2019 nî)\n\"Increase\" 0.938
    chin ko · tē 11 miâ
    Hoè-pè\nSin-ka-pho dollar (S$) (SGD)
    Sî-khu\nUTC+8 (SST)
    Sî-kan keh-sek\ndd/mm/yyyy
    Siong-iōng tiān-goân\n230 V–50 Hz
    Khui-chhia hong-hiòng\nchó
    Tiān-oē khu-hō\n+65
    ISO 3166 tāi-hō\nSG
    Siōng-téng domain\n.sg
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7153}} -{"text":"\n**ChatGPT** (Eng-gí: *Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer*), ì-sù ī **Khai-káng Seⁿ-sêng Ī-hùn-liān Piàn-ōaⁿ Bô͘-hêng**, sī OpenAI khai-hoat ê chi̍t ê jîn-kang tì-lêng khai-káng ke-khì-lâng thêng-sek, tī 2022 nî 11 goe̍h thui-chhut. Chit-ê thêng-sek sī kin-kì GPT-3.5 kè-kò͘ ê tōa-hêng gí-giân bô͘-hêng pēng thàu-kòe kiông-hòa ha̍k-si̍p lâi chìn-hêng hùn-liān.\n\nChatGPT bo̍k-chiân iu-goân sī ēng bûn-jī hong-sek hō͘-tōng, ah tû-liáu ē-tàng thàu-kòe jîn-lūi chū-jiân tùi-ōe hong-sek chìn-hêng hō͘-tōng, iáu-koh ē-tàng chò siong-tùi ho̍k-cha̍p ê gí-giân khang-khòe, pau-hâm chū-tōng bûn-jī seⁿ-sêng, chū-tōng būn-tap, chū-tōng tiah-iàu téng chāi-lāi ê chē chióng jīm-bū. Chhin-chhiūⁿ: tī chū-tōng bûn-jī seⁿ-sêng hong-bīn, ChatGPT thang kin-kì su-ji̍p ê bûn-jī chū-tōng seⁿ-sêng lūi-sū ê bûn-jī (kio̍k-pún, koa-khek, khì-oe̍h téng-téng); tī chū-tōng būn-tap hong-bīn, ChatGPT thang kin-kì su-ji̍p ê būn-tê chū-tōng seⁿ-sêng tap-àn; iáu-koh ū pian-siá kap tû-chhò tiān-náu thêng-sek ê lêng-le̍k. Tī thui-kóng kî-kan, só͘-ū lâng thang bián-hùi chù-chheh, pēng tī teng-ji̍p liáu-āu bián-hùi sú-iōng ChatGPT si̍t-hiān hām AI ke-khì-lâng tùi-ōe.\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"ChatGPT – Release Notes\". goân-loē-iông tī August 4, 2023 hőng khó͘-pih. August 4, 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* **ChatGPT** tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn.\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām\n\n* ChatGPT Prompt Engineering for Developers, course by Andrew Ng and OpenAI\n* Can ChatGPT write a podcast episode? (*Planet Money* podcast, May 2023)\n* Will Chat GPT do more harm than good? (Gary Marcus and Keith Teare debate, February 2023)\n* The Cost of AI - \"Projected Revenue & Losses Worldwide\"\n* \"What OpenAI Really Wants\" by *Wired*\n* Videos:\n\t+ Study finds ChatGPT struggles with public health referrals (CBS, June 2023)\n\t+ What if ChatGPT had a body? (ABC, March 2023)\n\t+ What is ChatGPT? (BBC, January 2023)\n\t+ How good is ChatGPT? (CNN, January 2023)\n\t+ Cheating With ChatGPT (*WSJ*, December 2022)","meta":{"title":"ChatGPT","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[973,2156,0.4512987012987013],"infobox":["\n
    ChatGPT
    \n
    Khai-hoat\nOpenAI
    Goân-chho͘
    pán-pún    		\n2022 nî 11 goe̍h 30 ji̍t;​ 9 kò go̍eh í-chêng​ (2022-11-30)
    Ún-tēng
    pán-pún    		\n
    2023 nî 8 goe̍h 3 ji̍t;​ 48 ji̍t í-chêng​ (2023-08-03) \n
    Gí-giân\nPython
    Ia̋n-jín\n
    \n\n
    Pêng-tâi\nCloud computing platforms
    Lūi-hêng\nPang-bô͘:Indented plainlist
    Siū-koân\nProprietary
    Bāng-chām\nchat.openai.com/chat \"Edit
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2194}} -{"text":"Phòa-chhùi ê chū-iû\n**Kong-bîn chū-iû** (公民自由; *civil liberties*) sī kong-bîn ê chèng-tī chū-iû. Kong-bîn chū-iû hān-chè tio̍h chèng-hú ê koân-le̍k, hông-chí chèng-hú lām-iōng koân-le̍k kap kiáu-chhá i-ê kong-bîn ê seng-oa̍h. Ki-pún ê kong-bîn chū-iû pau-koat tio̍h chi̍p-hōe chū-iû, chong-kàu chū-iû kap giân-lūn chū-iû. Tông-sî, kong-bîn mā ū-koân iau-kiû ha̍p-hoat ê sò͘-siōng têng-sū, kong-pêng ê sím-phoàⁿ kòe-têng, ún-su-koân kap chū-ngó͘ hông-ōe ê koân-lī. Chiâⁿ-chē sè-kài téng ê bîn-chú kok-ka, iû-kî sī Bí-kok kap Au-chiu, lóng ū kok-chū ê hiàn-hoat lâi pó-chiòng kong-bîn chū-iû, bîn-chù chèng-hú mā ū-chek-jīm pó-hō͘ chia-ê kong-bîn chū-iû; tian-tò-péng, koân-ui-chú-gī kok-ka tiō khiàm-khoeh chia-ê pó-hō͘, chèng-hú sīm-chì ē chú-tōng chhim-hoān chia-ê chū-iû. Chi̍t-kóa chū-iû sī-m̄-sī sio̍k-î kong-bîn chū-iû mā chûn-chāi tio̍h cheng-gī, in sī-m̄-sī ài pī pó-hō͘ mā sī cheng-lūn ê gī-tê. Ū-cheng-gī ê lē pau-koat tio̍h seⁿ-si̍t ê koân-li, tông-sèng hun-in í-ki̍p chhî-iû chhèng-ki ê koân-lī. Tû-chhú-chi-gōa, tio̍h-sǹg sī pī hoat-lu̍t pó-hō͘ ê kong-bîn chū-iû, ū-sî-chūn mā ē pī hòe-chí, iû-kî sī tī chiàn-cheng ê sî-kî.","meta":{"title":"Kong-bîn chū-iû","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1147,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1311}} -{"text":" \n\n\n| 2006 nî |\n| --- |\n| 1 goe̍h · 2 goe̍h · 3 goe̍h · 4 goe̍h · 5 goe̍h · 6 goe̍h · 7 goe̍h · 8 goe̍h · 9 goe̍h · 10 goe̍h · 11 goe̍h · 12 goe̍h |\n\n9 goe̍h 26\n----------\n\nAbe Sinzô kin-á-ji̍t chèng-sek tòng-soán, chē-ūi chiâⁿ-chò Ji̍t-pún tē-90-jīm ê siú-siòng, i mā-sī in kok chū Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn kah taⁿ, siōng-kài siàu-liân ê siú-siòng, kin-nî chiah 51-hoè.\n\n(IHT)\n\n9 goe̍h 20\n----------\n\nJi̍t-pún Chū-iû-bîn-chú-tóng kin-á-ji̍t soán-kí chóng-chhâi, ū-koân soán-kí--ê sī in tóng ê kok-hoē gī-oân (403-ê) kap tóng-oân (300-phiò), kiat-kó Abe Sinzô tòng-soán, i sī Chū-iû-bîn-chú-tóng tē-21-jīm ê chóng-chhâi, pān-phoe tī 9 goe̍h 26 ê lîm-sî kok-hoē hoē-kî--ni̍h, Abe Shinzo ē soà-chiap Koizumi Zyun'itirô chiâⁿ-chò Ji̍t-pún ê tē-90-jīn siú-siòng. (Yomiuri)\n\n9 goe̍h 19\n----------\n\nThài-kok hoat-seng chèng-piàn. Kun-tūi thàn chóng-lí Thaksin Shinawatra tī Bí-kok chham-ka Liân-ha̍p-kok tāi-hoē ê sî, khòng-chè chèng-hú kap tiān-sī-tâi, soan-pò· kài-giâm. Che sī Thài-kok chit 15-tang thâu-chi̍t-pái ê kun-tūi chèng-piàn. Kun-hong tī keh-tńg-kang kóng, in chip-chèng sī chiām-sî--ê, tī chèng-tī kái-kek liáu-aū, ē kā chèng-koân hêng hō· jîn-bîn.(FT)","meta":{"title":"2006 nî 9 goe̍h","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[115,1093,0.10521500457456541],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1324}} -{"text":"**Ainu-gú** (*aynu itak*/アイヌイタㇰ, Ji̍t-bûn: アイヌ語) sī Ji̍t-pún Ainu goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k ê thoân-thóng gú-giân. \n\n| Ainu-gú (**aynu itak**) |\n| --- |\n| Kok-ka: | Ji̍t-pún, Lō͘-se-a |\n| Tē-khu: | Pak-hái-tō, Sakhalin-tó; í-chá Kuril-kûn-tó kap pa̍t-ūi mā sī |\n| Sú-iōng jîn-sò͘: | > 1000? |\n| Pâi-miâ: | > 100 |\n| Hun-lūi: | Ko·-gí\n **Ainu-gú** |\n| Gú-giân má |\n| ISO 639-2 | mis |\n| SIL | AIN |\n| Linguasphere | 45-B |\n\nSú-iōng chêng-hêng\n------------------\n\n### Tē-lí hun-pò͘\n\nAinu-gú éng-kòe ê tē-lí hun-pò͘ pí hiān-chāi ke chin khoah, pau-koah Ji̍t-pún Pún-chiu pak-pêng, Pak-hái-tō, Lō͘-se-a ê Sakhalin-tó ê lâm-pêng, kap Kurile-kûn-tó (Ji̍t-gí: 千島列島). Taⁿ chú-iàu tī Pak-hái-tō ū lâng teh iōng, iû-kî sī lâm-pō͘ Saru (沙流) hit tah ê Nibutani (二風谷) siāng hoa̍t-phoat.\n\n### Lâng-sò·\n\nBô lâng khak-si̍t chai-iáⁿ Ainu-lâng tang-tiong ū jōa-chē-lâng ê bó-gú (tē-it gú-giân) sī Ainu-gú. 1 phiⁿ pò-kò jīn-ûi ū 30 ê, chha-put-to lóng 80-hòe í-siōng ê lāu-lâng. Khah pó-siú ê kóng-hoat jīn-ûi ke̍k-ke 100 ê. Le̍k-sú-siōng in-ūi Ainu-lâng chhiâng-chāi hō͘ gōa-cho̍k siat-kè chò \"tiāⁿ-tio̍h ē bia̍t-chéng ê bîn-cho̍k\", Ainu-lâng bô jīn-tông chit khoán \"sò͘-jī iû-hì\".\n\nSiāng oa̍h-thiàu ê sú-iōng-chiá m̄ sī bó-gú jîn-kháu, tian-tò sī āu--lâi chiah o̍h kóng ê tē-2 gú-giân sú-iōng-kûn. In khah chē sī sêng-jîn.\n\nHong-giân\n---------\n\nHiān-tāi tī--leh a̍h sī khah siū tiōng-sī ê hong-giân:\n\n* Saru (沙流) hong-giân: Pak-hái-tō, Saru (Nibutani tē-tài); siāng ū la̍t, sī piau-chún-gú ê té.\n* Titose (千歳) hong-giân: Titose-chhī hit tah.\n\nHun-lūi, gú-hoat\n----------------\n\nAinu-gú ê piáu-bīn te̍k-cheng chhin-chhiūⁿ Ji̍t-pún-oē. Chóng--sī, ha̍k-kài jīn-ûi Ainu-gú sī 1 ê ko͘-gú, hām kî-thaⁿ ê gú-giân bô bêng-hián ê chhin-chiâⁿ koan-hē.\n\nAinu-gú sī SOV-hêng ê gú-giân, hām Ji̍t-gí sio-siâng, chú-sû (S) tī oē-kù thâu-chêng, tōng-sû (V) kòa tī bóe-liu, siū-sû (O) tī tiong-kan. Ainu-gú ū āu-tī-sû (postposition). Bêng-sû ē-sái tàu chò-hóe; siāng bóe-ê sī sû-thâu. Tōng-sû chiap-siū sû-thâu-bóe (affix).\n\nSiaⁿ-ūn\n-------\n\nAinu-gú ê im-chiat kiat-kò͘ sī CV(C). Chú-im hán-tit kiap chò chú-im-chhoàⁿ (*consonant cluster*).\n\nBó-im ū 5 ê:\n\n```\ni u\ne o\n a\n```\n\nChú-im:\n\n```\np t k ʔ (glottal stop is not written in transcription)\n s h\n c (piáu-hiān chhut-lâi sī [ʧ], [ʦ], [ʤ] a̍h [ʣ])\nw y ([j])\nm n\n r\n```\n\n/ti/ piáu-hiān chhut-lâi sī [ʧi], /s/ tī/i/ thâu-chêng pìⁿ [ʃ]; tī im-chiat bóe mā pìⁿ [ʃ]. Ū hong-giân-chha: tī Sakhalin hong-giân, im-chiat boé ê /p, t, k, r/ pìⁿ /h/.\n\nAinu-gú ū im-koân tāng-im (pitch accent) ê hiān-siōng; ū sû-tòe (affix) ê gí-sû, koân-im khǹg tī sû-kin (stem); ah nā siāng-bó-im (diphthong) iah sī tē 1 ê im-chiat-bóe sī chú-im, tō khǹg tī tē 1 ê im-chiat; chhun--ê lóng khǹg tī tē 2 ê im-chiat.\n\nBûn-jī kap bûn-ha̍k\n-------------------\n\nAinu-gú ū 2 chióng bûn-jī hē-thóng: lô-má-jī kah katakana-sek. Thong-iōng-bé ū chi-oān Ainu choan-iōng ê katakana hû-hō.\n\n1987 nî khai-sí hoat-hêng ê *Ainu Sî-pò* (アイヌタイムズ) 2 chióng bûn-jī ê bûn-chiuⁿ lóng ū thê-kiong.\n\nyukar: kháu-thoân bûn-ha̍k.\n\nKoh-oa̍h ūn-tōng\n----------------\n\nChêng-jīm siú-siòng Nakasone Yasuhiro tī 1986 nî seng-bêng kóng, Ji̍t-pún bô chió-sò͘ bîn-cho̍k. Ainu jîn-sū jīn-ûi chit ê sū-kiāⁿ tùi in ê ūn-tōng ū le̍k-sú-te̍k ê ì-gī. Chit kù oē mā hoán-èng chhut Ji̍t-pún kòe-khì 200-tang í-lâi ê tông-hòa chèng-chhek. Maher (2001) jīn-ûi chō-chiâⁿ Ainu-gú liû-sit ê in-sò͘ tùi 19 sè-kí chho͘-kî khai-sí tī teh, kàu-kah 20 sè-kí boán-kî chiah bô chok-iōng.\n\nKayano Sigeru (萱野茂) sī koh-oa̍h ūn-tōng ê tiong-sim jîn-bu̍t. Pak-hái-tō Utari Hia̍p-hōe (北海道ウタリ協会) sī chú-iàu ê cho·-chit chi it.\n\n* 1983 nî: Ainu \"bîn-kan-kò͘-sū-ka\" kiam chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t Kayano Sigeru tī Pak-hái-tō khui tē-1-mn̂g Ainu-gú ê khò.\n* 1987 nî: Pak-hái-tō chèng-hú, tiong-iong chèng-hú khai-sí chàn-chō͘ Ainu-gú khò-têng (アイヌ語教室).\n* 1989 nî: Tē-it-kài Ainu-gú Piān-lūn Tāi-hōe tī Tang-kiaⁿ kí-pān.\n* 1993 nî, Liân-ha̍p-kok Kok-chè Goân-chū-bîn Nî, tòa lâi sin tōng-le̍k.\n* 1994 nî: Kayano Sigeru chiâⁿ-chò tē-1-ê ji̍p Kok-hōe ê Ainu-lâng. I iōng Ainu-gú hoat-piáu chiū-jīm ián-káng. Siâng-hit-nî, tē-1-pún hiān-tāi kàu-kho-su chhut-pán, hō͘-chò *Akor Itak* (Lán ê Oē).\n* 1997 nî: chèng-hú khai-sí si̍t-hêng Ainu Sin-hoat (choân-miâ: アイヌ文化の振興並びにアイヌの伝統等に関する知識の普及及び啓発に関する法律). Pak-hái-tō Sapporo Hoat-īⁿ soan-pò͘ kúi-nā-hāng iú-lī Ainu-lâng ê koat-gī, kî-tiong pau-koah ū jīm-tēng Ainu-lâng sī goân-chū-bîn, sek-iōng Liân-ha̍p-kok Kong-bîn kap Chèng-tī Koân-lī Kok-chè Kong-iok tē-27-tiâu kap Ji̍t-pún hiàn-hoat tē-13-tiâu.\n\nKàu-io̍k\n--------\n\nBo̍k-chêng sió-ha̍k kap tiong-ha̍k lóng bô Ainu-gú ê khò. Pak-hái-tō ū kúi-nā-keng tāi-ha̍k ū siat Ainu-gú ê khò-têng. Koan-tang tē-khu mā ū tāi-ha̍k ū teh kà Ainu-gú:\n\n* Waseda Tāi-ha̍k (tī Tang-kiaⁿ,1975 khui-khò kàu taⁿ)\n* Tiba Tāi-ha̍k: kàu-ha̍k gián-kiù ê tiong-sim.\n\n1987 nî khai-sí ū tē-hng siā-khu thoân-thé tī in ê siā-khu tiong-sim siat Ainu Kàu-sek. Kāng hit nî Pak-hái-tō STV tiān-tâi khai-sí hòng-sàng Ainu-gú La-jí-o͘h Káng-chō chit ê khong-tiong kàu-ha̍k chiat-bo̍k.\n\nKàu-châi tùi 1980 nî-tāi ū ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á teh hoat-tián, lia̍p-chek.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\nMaher, J. C. 2001. Akor Itak – our language, your Language: Ainu in Japan. Tī Joshua A. Fishman (pian) ê *Can threatened languages be saved?* Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* IIPN Archived 2004-02-17 at the Wayback Machine. - ē-tàng thiaⁿ Ainu-gú.\n* Pak-hái-tō STV tiān-tâi ê Ainu-gú La-jí-o·h Káng-chō Archived 2003-10-09 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Ji̍t-pún Gú-giân Chèng-chhek ê Khó-chhat kap Tián-bōng Archived 2004-10-22 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Katakana pó͘-chhiong hû-hō","meta":{"title":"Ainu-gú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1664,5216,0.31901840490797545],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6347}} -{"text":"Kang-tiûⁿ\n**Kang-tiûⁿ** (工場), ia̍h **kang-chhiúⁿ** (工廠), sī teh seng-sán hòe-bu̍t ê tōa-hêng kang-gia̍p kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t. Tōa pō͘-hūn ê kang-tiûⁿ lóng ū siat tōa-hêng ke-khì ia̍h iû siat-pī kò͘-sêng ê seng-sán-sòaⁿ.\n\nSiāng chá-kî ê kang-tiûⁿ (pí-lūn 18 sè-kí khí tī Eng-kok si̍t-bîn-tē ê kang-tiûⁿ) pēng bô tōa-hêng ê chū-tōng-hòa ke-khì. Hit-tang-chūn ê kang-tiûⁿ sûn-chhùi sī hō͘ chi̍t tīn chiông-sū chhiú-kang-gia̍p (chhin-chhiūⁿ pháng-chit-gia̍p) ê kang-lâng chū-chi̍p khí-lâi, chò-hóe chìn-hêng seng-sán khang-khòe. Chit chióng chò-hoat khah hó koán-lí, ah goân-liāu mā khah ē-tàng ū-hāu hun-phòe.\n\nTi̍t-kàu tōng-le̍k chit-pò͘-ki kap cheng-khì-ki téng ki-hāi hoat-bêng liáu-āu, khai-sí chhut-hiān í ke-khì seng-sán ê kang-tiûⁿ. Ki-hāi kap khó-thè-ōaⁿ ê lêng-kiāⁿ hō͘ seng-sán koh-khah ū hāu-lu̍t, mā kiám-chió hùi-bu̍t. Kang-tiûⁿ ê tōa-liōng chhut-hiān sī kang-gia̍p kek-bēng ê khai-toan.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85046823\n* GND: 4250288-3\n* HDS: 013882\n* NDL: 00566918\n* BNE: XX527704\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kang-tiûⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[81,993,0.08157099697885196],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1214}} -{"text":"Ko-hiông Kang-tiûⁿ tōa-mn̂g.\n**Ji̍t-pún A-lú-mih Tu-sek Hōe-siā** (日本アルミニウム株式會社 *nippon aruminiumu kabusiki-gaisya*; Eng-gí miâ: *The Japan Aluminium Company, Limited*), sī Tâi-oân Tiān-le̍k Tu-sek Hōe-siā ê siā-tiúⁿ Matuki Kanitirô (松木幹一郎) kap hù-siā-tiúⁿ Andati Husazirô (安達房治郎) thui-tōng hā, Isaka Takasi (井坂孝) téng si̍t-gia̍p-ka tī 1935 nî kiàn-li̍p ê a-lú-mih chè-chō hōe-siā.\n\nIn pún-siā tī Tang-kiaⁿ, tē-it keng kang-tiuⁿ siat tī Ko-hiông-chhī, āu-lâi mā tī Hoa-lian-káng-chhī kap Ji̍t-pún pún-thó͘ ê Yawata-chhī (八幡市) siat chhiúⁿ. In--ê kang-tiûⁿ tī Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn tang-tiong siū-hāi giâm-tiōng.\n\nChiàn-āu ê chhú-tì\n------------------\n\nIn ùi Tâi-oân ê sán-gia̍p chiàn-āu sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok siu chò Tâi-oân Lú-gia̍p Kong-si, āu--lâi koh bē hō͘ Tiong-kok Kǹg-thih, kái hō Tiong-kǹg Lú-gia̍p.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* *昭和十八年 臺灣會社年鑑*. 臺灣經濟研究會. 1942.\n* \"日本アルミニウム會社\". *臺灣を代表するもの*. 臺灣新聞社. 1935.\n* 陳慈玉 (2012). \"日本統治期における台湾輸出産業の発展と変遷（下）\". *立命館経済学*. 立命館大学. **61** (1).\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Ji̍t-pún A-lú-mih Tu-sek Hōe-siā Ko-hiông Kang-tiûⁿ","meta":{"title":"Ji̍t-pún A-lú-mih Tu-sek Hōe-siā","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[250,1057,0.23651844843897823],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1254}} -{"text":"\n**Piān-hê-sik tshau-tsok hē-thóng tsiap-khió** (ing-gú: POSIX; **Piān-hê-sik tshau-tsok hē-thóng kài-bīn**) sī IEEE tiān-náu hia̍p-huē tsí-tīng ê tsi̍t hē-lia̍t piau-tsún [en], iōng teh uî-hōo tshau-tsok hē-thóng tsi-kan ê kiam-iông-sìng. POSIX tīng-gī hē-thóng-kip hām iōng-hōo-kip ìng-iōng pian-tîng tsiap-khió [en] (API), í-ki̍p bīng-līng tsuā shell hām si̍t-iōng tsiap-kháu, í-lâi si̍t-hiān hām Unix kî-thann tshau-tsok hē-thóng piàn-thé ê nńg-thé kiam-iông-sìng (ē-tàng î-ti̍t-sìng). POSIX mā sī IEEE ê siong-piau. POSIX tsú-iàu teh kiong-ìng ìng-iōngtîng-sū hām hōo hē-thóng khai-huat jîn-guân lâi sú-iōng.\n\nMiâ-jī ên-khí\n-------------\n\nSiōng-thâu-á, \"POSIX\" tsit-ê bîng-tshing sī teh piáu-sī 1988-nî huat-pòo ê IEEE Std 1003.1-1988. POSIX piau-tsún hē-lia̍t tsìng-sik tsí-tīng tsò IEEE 1003, ISO/IEC piau-tsún pian-hō tsò ISO/IEC 9945.\n\nTsia--ê piau-tsún guân-î 1984-nî khai-sí ê tsi̍t-ê hāng-bo̍k, tsit-ê hāng-bo̍k í siong-kuan USENIX ua̍h-tāng ê kang-tsok uî ki-tshóo. Richard Stallman hiòng IEEEthê-tshut POSIX ê miâ-tshing (huat-im uî pahz-icks, tshiūnn positive, m̄ sī poh-six), koh m̄ sī í-tsîng ê IEEE-IX. Uí-guân-huē huat-hiān i koh-khah 委Uí-guân-huē huat-hiān i koh-khah iông-ī huat-im kah kì-ik, in-tshú kā tshái-iōng.[\n\nKhài-lám\n--------\n\nSuán-ti̍k Unix tsò-uî piau-tsún hē-thóng kài-bīn ê ki-tshóo pōo-hūn sī in-uī i-sī \"tsè-tsō-siong tiong-li̍p--ê\". M̄-koh, tsûn-tsāi kui-ê tsú-iàu pán-pún ê Unix, in-tshú su-iàu khai-huat tsi̍t-ê kiōng-tông ê hē-thóng. Luī-sū Unix hē-thóng [en] tshau-tsok hē-thóng ê POSIX kui-huān siōng-thâu-á sī iû tsi̍t-ê iōng teh hi̍k-sim pian-tîng kài-bīn [en] (API) ê bûn-tóng tsoo-sîng, m̄-koh tsuè-tsiong huat-tián tsò 19-ê tan-to̍k ê bûn-tóng (POSIX.1, POSIX.2 tíng-tíng). Piau-tsún-huà ê iōng-hōo bīng-līng hâng kah kha-pún kài-bīn sī khiā-tī UNIX System V shell. Tsiânn-tsē iōng-tsiá-kip ê tîng-sū, ho̍k-bū kah si̍t-iōng tîng-sū (pau-kuat awk, echo, ed) í-ki̍p sóo su-iàu ê tîng-sū-kip ho̍k-bū (pau-kuat ki-pún ê I/O: bûn-kiānn, tsiongtuan kah bāng-lōo) mā hông piau-tsún-huà. POSIX iah-koh tīng-gī tuā-to-sòo hiān-tāi tshau-tsok hē-thóng lóng tsi-tshî ê piau-tsún suànn-tîng tsu-liāu-khòo API. Tī 2008-nî, POSIX ê tuā-pōo-hūn lāi-iông hông ha̍p-pìng tsò tsi̍t-ê piau-tsún (IEEE Std 1003.1-2008,mā hông kiò-tsò POSIX.1-2008).\n\nTsia̍t-tsì 2014-nî, POSIX bûn-tóng hun-tsò nn̄g pōo-hūn: \n\n* POSIX.1, 2013 pán: POSIX ki-pún tīng-gī, hē-thóng kài-bīn, bīng-līng kah si̍t-iōng tîng-sū (pau-kuat POSIX.1, POSIX.1 ê khok-tián, tsik-sî ho̍k-bū, suànn-tîng kài-bīn, tsik-sî khok-tián, an-tsuân kài-bīn, bāng-lōo bûn-kiānn hia̍t-tshú kah bāng-lōo tsìn-tîng tsi-kan ê thong-sìn, iōng-tsiá ē-tàng î-si̍ ti-sìng khok-tián, king-tsìng kah khok-tián, pó-hōo kah khòng-tsè si̍t-iōng tîng-sū í-ki̍p phue-tshù tshú-lí hē-thóng si̍t-iōng tîng-sū. Tse sī POSIX 1003.1-2008 kah ki-su̍t khàm-gōo 1.)\n* POSIX it-tì-sìng tshik-tshì: POSIX tshik-tshì thò-kiānn phuānn-suî piau-tsún: VSX-PCTS hi̍k-tsiá VSX POSIX it-tì-sìng tshik-tshì thò-kiānn.\n\nPOSIX piau-tsún ê khai-huat huat-sing teh Austin kûn-tsoo [en] (IEEE The Open Group kah ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 [en]/WG 15 tsi-kan ê liân-ha̍p kang-tsok-tsoo).\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 3 \"POSIX.1 FAQ\". The Open Group. 13 June 2020. 22 January 2022 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ \"Introduction\". *The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 edition*. 22 July 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n3. ↑ \"Introduction\". *The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 edition*. 22 July 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n4. ↑ \"JimIsaak - POSIX Impact\". *sites.google.com* (ēng Eng-gí). 2022-09-15 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"The origin of the name POSIX\". 2011. 28 September 2013 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n6. ↑ PASC Status (including POSIX) (Report). IEEE Computer Society. 4 December 2003. 1 March 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n7. ↑ \"Shell Command Language - The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2013 Edition\". 28 April 2020 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n8. ↑ \"Test Suites VSX-PCTS2003\". The Open Group.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Certified Software Development Professional\n* Engineering and Technology History Wiki\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***POSIX*** |\n\n* \"The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 edition IEEE Std 1003.1™-2017\". The Open Group/IEEE.  (Eng-gí)\n* \"POSIX Certification home\". The Open Group/IEEE.  (Eng-gí)\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh97002559\n* BNF: cb131708561 (data)\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"POSIX","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2036,4491,0.45335114673792026],"infobox":["
    Piān-hê-sik tshau-tsok hē-thóng tsiap-khió (IEEE 1003)
    Abbreviation\nPOSIX
    Status\nÍ-king huat-pòo
    Year started\n1988 nî;​ 33 nî í-chêng​ (1988)
    Latest version\nIEEE Std 1003.1-2017
    2017 nî;​ 4 nî í-chêng​ (2017)
    Organization\nAustin kûn-tsoo [en] (IEEE tiān-náu hia̍p-huē, The Open Group, ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 [en]/WG 15)
    Related standards\nISO/IEC 9945
    Domain\nÌng-iōng pian-tîng tsiap-khió [en] (API)
    Website\nget.posixcertified.ieee.org
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4904}} -{"text":"\n**Ak-chhân** (Eng-bûn: *irrigation*), bûn-giân kóng-hoat sī **koàn-khài** (灌溉), sī lī-iōng jîn-ûi ê hong-sek lâi sú-iōng thian-jiân kàng-chúi (hō͘-chúi) í-gōa ê kî-thaⁿ chúi-goân lâi kiong-kip thó͘-tē ia̍h-sī thô͘-jióng chúi-hūn. Ak-chhân tōa-pòaⁿ lóng sī iōng-lâi chèng-choh lông-chok-bu̍t he̍k-chiá kî-thaⁿ si̍t-bu̍t, lēng-gōa iā ē-ēng iōng-lâi î-chhî kéng-koan. Oân-choân bô lī-iōng ak-chhân ki-su̍t ê lông-gia̍p chhân-hn̂g pī hō-chò bô-chúi-chhân.\n\nAk-chhân hē-thóng iā ē iōng-lâi ah-chè thô͘-hún iáu-ū pâi-hòng u-chúi. Ak-chhân hē-thóng chia̍p-chia̍p hām pâi-chúi hē-thóng tàu-tīn gián-kiù, hō͘-chiá sī iōng-lâi pâi-tû chi̍t ê só͘-chāi tē-piáu ia̍h-sī tē-piáu í-hā ê chúi-hūn ê thian-jiân he̍k-chiá jîn-kang ki-su̍t. Ak-chhân ē-ēng kóng sī lông-gia̍p hoat-tián ê tiong-sim te̍k-teng, iā sī bûn-hòa ê sêng-kó; i sī chē-chē kok-ka keng-chè kap siā-hōe ê ki-chhó͘.\n\nTe̍k-sû ki-su̍t\n---------------\n\n* Tih-chúi-ak (*drip irrigation*)\n* Îⁿ-kho͘-ak (*circle irrigation*)\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Ak-chúi\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Ak-chhân*** |","meta":{"title":"Ak-chhân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[120,1021,0.11753183153770813],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1242}} -{"text":"Type of Tshiú-liû-tān [en]{{SHORTDESC:Type of Tshiú-liû-tān [en]|noreplace}}\nРГД-5 и запал для неё, отверстие для запала в корпусе гранаты закрыто пластмассовой пробкой, чтобы не попадала грязь.\nГраната РГД-5 в разрезе (музей ДОСААФ в Минске)\nСумка на две гранаты, из комплекта снаряжения, ВС СССР, 1982 год.\n**RGD-5** (РГД-5 (Индекс ГРАУ — 57-Г-717); gô-gú: Ручная Граната, Дистанционная); ing-gú: uán-tîng tshiú-liû-tān (hand grenade remote)) sī tsi̍t-tsióng jī-tsiàn liáu-āu soo-liân sat-siong phuà-phìnn tshiū-liû-tān, siat-kè tī 20 sè-kí 50 nî-tāi tshe. RGD-5 tī 1954-nî khai-sí teh soo-liân kun-tuī ho̍k-i̍k. RGD-5 kóng-huàn tshut-kháu, tsì-kim iû-uân teh Tiong-tang hām tsiân soo-liân tsi̍p-thuân ê tsiânn-tsē kun-tuī tang-tiong ho̍k-i̍k.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* Hogg, Ian V. (1991). *Jane's Infantry Weapons 1991-92*. Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-0963-9.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Gôlôsu bú-khì lia̍t-tuann (List of Russian weaponry)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Photos of RGD-5 grenades at inert-ord.net\n* Labelled diagram of an RGD-5 grenade\n* RGD-5 data (in Russian)\n* Various photos of Russian RGD-5s\n* Photo of Chinese Type 59 grenade (RGD-5 clone)\n* Video #2 of RGD-5 being thrown\n* Video #3 of RGD-5 being thrown","meta":{"title":"RGD-5","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[931,1884,0.49416135881104034],"infobox":["
    RGD-5
    \n
    RGD-5 hand grenade with UZRGM fuze fitted
    Luī-hîng\nTshiú-liû-tān [en]
    Guân-sán-tē\nSoviet Union
    Ho̍k-i̍k kì-lo̍k
    Ho̍k-i̍k kî-kan\n1954–bo̍ktsên
    Tsèn-tsing\nVietnam War
    Six-Day War
    Yom Kippur War
    Soviet–Afghan War
    Iran–Iraq War
    Invasion of Kuwait
    Kosovo War
    First Chechen War
    Second Chechen War
    Iraq War
    2008 South Ossetia War
    2011 Libyan Civil War
    Syrian Civil War
    Russo-Ukrainian War
    Ki-pún tsu-guân
    Tāng-liōng\n310 g
    Tn̂g-tōo\n114 mm
    Ti̍t-kìng\n58 mm
    \n
    Effective firing range\n15–20 m
    Maximum firing range\n30 m
    Filling\nTrinitrotoluene
    Filling weight\n110 g
    Detonation
    mechanism
    		\n3.2 to 4.2 sec. pyrotechnic delay fuse
    Blast yield\ntāi-iok 350 tè
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1544}} -{"text":"Seal of the United States Congress\nSchematische Darstellung des US-Gesetzgebungsverfahrens.\n**Bí-kok kok-huē huat-àn** (ing-gú: Act of Congress ) sī Bí-kok kok-huē tsè-tīng ê huat-līng. Huat-àn khó-lîng kan-na sik-iōng kò-pia̍t ê thuân-thé (kiò-tsò su-huat), hi̍k-tsiá sik-iōng it-puann kong-tsiòng (kiò-tsò kong-huat). Tsi̍t-hāng huat-àn beh tsiânn-tsò tsi̍t-hāng huat-àn, bûn-pún pit-su í to-sòo thong-kuè Tsham-Tsiòng lióng-īnn, jiân-āu iû Bí-kok tsóng-thóng tshiam-sú tsiânn-tsò huat-lu̍t, hi̍k-tsiákok-huē thui-huan tsóng-thóng êhóo-kuat-kuân.\n\nKong-huat, Su-huat, Tsí-tīng\n----------------------------\n\nPrivate Law 86–407\nPart of Public Law 86–90\nTeh Bí-kok, kok-huē huat-àn hông tsí-tīng tsò kah kong-tsiòng siong-kuan ê kong-huat; hi̍k-tsiá kah ti̍k-tīng ki-kòo hi̍k kò-jîn siong-kuan ê su-huat. Uì 1957-nî í-lâi, sóo-ū ê kok-huē huat-àn lóng hông tsí-tīng tsò \"Kong-huat X-Y\" (Public Law X–Y ) hi̍k-tsiá \"Su-huat X-Y\" (Private Law X–Y), kî-tiong X sī kok-huē ê pian-hō, Y sī piáu-sī huat-àn ê sūn-sū (teh i hông pan-pòo ê sî-tsūn). Pí-jû, P. L. 111–5 (2009-nî Bí-kok ho̍k-soo kah tsài tâu-tsu huat-àn) sī tē 111 kài Bí-kok kok-huē pan-pòo ê tē-5 pōo kong-huat. Koh-lâi \"kong-huat\" it-sû ê kiat-kòo mā hông tiānn-tiānn sok-siá tsò \"Kong-huat No. X–Y\" (Pub. L. No. X–Y) Teh thê-tshut tse nn̄g-tsióng li̍p-huat ê sî-tsūn, hun-pia̍t kā i kiò-tsò Kong-huat huat-àn kah Su-huat huat-àn.\n\nIōng-huat\n---------\n\n\"Kok-huē huat-àn\" it-sû tang-tiong sú-iōng ê \"huat-àn\" it-sû sī tsi̍t-ê phóo-thong bîng-sû, m̄ sī tsuan-iú bîng-sû. Ū tsi̍t-kuá-á sû-tián kah sú-iōngkuân-ui sī bô tsàn-sîng sú-iōng \"huat-àn\" (act) it-sû iōng tuā-siá lâi piáu-sī (iû-kî sī tòng-tsò tan-to̍k sú-iōng tsit-ê sû-gí lâi tsí-sī tāi-piáu thâu-tsîng kóng-tio̍h ê hîng-uî tsi tsuan-miâ ê sî-tsūn). M̄-koh, lâm-phuê-su (Bluebook) iau-kiû \"Act\" it-sû teh kóng-tio̍h kū-thé ê li̍p-huat hîng-uî êsî-tsūn ài tuā-siá. Teh Bí-kok huat-tián sī kā \"Act\" tuā-siá. \"Kok-huē huat-àn\"tsi̍t-sûū-tang-sî-á teh hui tsìng-sik ê ián-káng lāi-té sī iōng-lâi piáu-sī hi̍k-tik hí-khó m̄-ku tse lóng-sī mâ-huân ê tāi-tsì. Pí-jû, \"例如，\"Su-iàu thong-kuè kok-huē huat-àn tsiah ē-tàng teh tsit-ê siânn-tìn hi̍k-tik kiàn-tio̍khí-khó\".\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"How Our Laws Are Made\" infographic by Mike Wirth and Dr. Suzanne Cooper-Guasco for Sunlight Foundation \"Design for America Competition\" 2010, sources: \"How Our Laws Are Made\" by John V. Sullivan (Rev. 6.24.07 thomas.loc.gov) and What is a Lobbyist? - wiseGEEK and \"What is reconciliation in Congress?\" (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ \"About Bills, Resolutions, and Laws\". LexisNexis. 2007. 2008-09-04 khòaⁿ--ê. About Public Laws  (Eng-gí)\n3. ↑ Bartleby.com Archived March 14, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. (Eng-gí)\n4. ↑ 2Infoplease.com (Eng-gí)\n5. ↑ \"Cambridge.com\". goân-loē-iông tī January 26, 2004 hőng khó͘-pih. February 28, 2009 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n6. ↑ }} (Eng-gí)\n7. ↑ Merriam-Webster.com (Eng-gí)\n8. ↑ \"Homework Help and Textbook Solutions | bartleby\". goân-loē-iông tī March 4, 2009 hőng khó͘-pih. 2009-02-28 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n9. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica (Eng-gí)\n10. ↑ *The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation*, 20th ed. Rule R8(c)(ii) (Cambridge: The Harvard Law Review Association, 2015), 92. (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* United States Statutes at Large\n* Congress.gov\n* LexisNexis\n* Wikipedia:Bare URLs\n\nGuap-oo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**Acts of the United States Congresses** |\n\nKhì Wiktionary chhâ \n***act of Congress*** chit ê sû.\n\n* How Our Laws Are Made - Congress.gov Resources (Eng-gí)\n* Legal glossaryArchived 2006-06-17 at the Wayback Machine. (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Bí-kok kok-hōe hoat-àn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1133,3289,0.34448160535117056],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3964}} -{"text":"Édouard Manet ê chok-phín *Le Suicidé*\n**Chū-sat** (自殺; Eng-bûn: *suicide*), he̍k-chiá **chū-chīn** (自盡), **kiâⁿ té-lō͘** (行短路), sī thiâu-kang chō-sêng ka-kī sí-bông ê hêng-ûi. Chū-sat hêng-ûi ê hoat-seng it-poaⁿ sī ut-chut ê kiat-kó; khí-in tī cheng-sîn-pēⁿ, pí-lūn iu-ut-chèng, sò-ut-chèng, cheng-sîn-hun-lia̍t-chèng, pian-iân-sèng jîn-keh chiòng-gāi, chiú-cheng tiòng-to̍k, ia̍h-sī io̍h-bu̍t lām-iōng, lēng-gōa iáu-koh ū ap-le̍k in-sò͘ chhan-chhiūⁿ keng-chè khùn-lân, jîn-chè koan-hē būn-tê, kap lêng-tī téng-téng in-sò͘. Chū-sat hông-tī ê khang-khòe pau-koat hān-chè chiông-sū chū-sat hêng-ûi ê hong-hoat kap ki-hōe, pí-lūn chhèng-ki kap to̍k-io̍h koán-chè, tī-liâu cheng-sîn-pēⁿ, iáu-ū kái-siān keng-chè tiâu-kiāⁿ. Sui-jiân gûi-ki jia̍t-sòaⁿ chin chia̍p-khòaⁿ, m̄-koh in tùi chū-sat hông-tī hāu-kó pēng-bô ti̍t-chiap koan-liân.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Paris, J (June 2002). \"Chronic suicidality among patients with borderline personality disorder\". *Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)*. **53** (6): 738–42. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.53.6.738. PMID 12045312.\n2. ↑ Hawton K, van Heeringen K (April 2009). \"Suicide\". *Lancet*. **373** (9672): 1372–81. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60372-X. PMID 19376453.\n3. ↑ Bottino, SM; Bottino, CM; Regina, CG; Correia, AV; Ribeiro, WS (March 2015). \"Cyberbullying and adolescent mental health: systematic review\". *Cadernos de saude publica*. **31** (3): 463–75. PMID 25859714.\n4. ↑ Sakinofsky, I (June 2007). \"The current evidence base for the clinical care of suicidal patients: strengths and weaknesses\". *Canadian Journal of Psychiatry*. **52** (6 Suppl 1): 7S–20S. PMID 17824349.","meta":{"title":"Chū-sat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[651,1497,0.4348697394789579],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1755}} -{"text":"Chiu Pek-ngá\n**Chiu Pek-ngá** (周柏雅, 1959 nî 3 goe̍h 8 ji̍t - ) sī Tâi-oân ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t, Chiong-hoà-koān Tiân-tiong-tìn lâng. 2009-nî 2 goe̍h 8 ji̍t, Chiu Pek-ngá iû Bîn-chú Chìn-pō͘-tóng teng-tiàu tāi-piáu Bîn-chìn-tóng chham-soán chiân li̍p-úi Lí Khèng-an (李慶安) in-ūi siang-têng kok-chi̍p-àn só͘ lâu-lo̍h--lâi ê Tâi-pak-chhī tē-6 soán-khu li̍p-úi pó͘-soán。\n\n2010-nî 12 goe̍h 25 ji̍t, Chiu Pek-ngá tāi-piáu Bîn-chìn-tóng soán Tâi-pak-chhī Gī-hoē hù-gī-tiúⁿ. Choè-āu í 1-phò iâⁿ-koè Kok-bîn-tóng tê-miâ ê goân-jīm hù-gī-tiúⁿ Tân Kím-siông (陳錦祥). I chiâⁿ-choè Tâi-pak-chhī Gī-hoē thâu-chi̍t-ê Bîn-chìn-tóng tóng-che̍k hù-gī-tiúⁿ.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ 北市立委補選 民進黨周柏雅對決國民黨蔣乃辛 2009 nî 2 goe̍h 9 ji̍t，《Chū-iû Tiān-chú-pò》\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Tâi-pak-chhī Gī-hoē gī-goân kán-kài\n* Chiu Pek-ngá bāng-lō͘ ho̍k-bū-chhù\n* Chiu Pek-ngá ê Blog","meta":{"title":"Chiu Pek-ngá","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[182,867,0.209919261822376],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1032}} -{"text":"**Chng Koan-eng** (莊鵑瑛), mā hō **Sió Kiû** (小球), 1985 nî tshut-sì, sī Tâi-uân ê tshòng-tsok kua-tshiú. Mā sī ga̍k-thuân Mî-hue-thn̂g ê tsú-tshiùnn. Ga̍k-thuân tsū 2013 nî hiu thuân. 2017 nî hô khuân-kiû im-ga̍k tshiam-iok, í kò-jîn bîng-gī \"Sió Kiû\" kè-sio̍k huat-tián ián-gē sū-gia̍p. \n\n2007 nî ê sî, Sió Kiû tsham-ka tāi-ha̍k ê kua tshiùnn pí-sài, hōo tsò phîng-sím ê sím siànn tiat huat ku̍t, nn̄g kò-jîn tàu-tīn tsoo-sîng Mî-hue Thn̂g ga̍k-thuân. Hō tsit-ê thuân miâ sī in-uī sió kiû ê kua-siann tshin-tshiūnn mî-hue thn̂g kâng-khuán nńg-khiū-khiū. \n\nMî-hue thn̂g tuì ke-thâu khai-sí, ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á luí-tsik, tsū-tsi̍p ua̍t lâi ua̍t tsē kua-bê, sīm-tsì tī-leh bāng-lōo siōng tit tio̍h \"tsit-sì-lâng it-tīng ài thiann-kuè hiān-tiûnn ê ga̍k-thuân\" tsit khuán ê miâ-siann.\n\n2013 nî, ga̍k-thuân sîng-li̍p 6 nî ê sî, kuat-tīng beh tsiām-sî hioh sik. Archived 2020-06-06 at the Wayback Machine.\n\n2014 nî, sió kiû khai-sí í kò-jîn ê sin-hūn huat-tián. Tsit tuānn kî-kan, i huat liáu nn̄g tiunn tuann-khik kiam tsi̍t pún tsheh.\n\n2016 nî, ián-tshut bú-tâi hì \"sìng-tàn khuài-lo̍k\".\n\n2017 nî, tī-leh Tâi-uân tō-ián Gūi Tek-sèng ê im-ga̍k tiān-iánn \"52 Hz guá ài lí\" lāi-té tshut ián lú tsú-kak. Kāng nî, í khuân-kiû im-ga̍k tshiam iok kua-tshiú ê sin-hūn, huat-hîng tē-it tiunn kò-jîn tsuan-tsi̍p. \n\n2018 nî, huat-hîng tē-jī tiunn kò-jîn tsuan-tsi̍p \"pa suh ti̍k hī-á\"hô tsi̍t pún huē pún *tsin-si̍t sè-kài*.","meta":{"title":"Chng Koan-eng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1326,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1562}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?**Chúi-pit-á**\n |\n| --- |\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n| Ba̍k: | Malpighiales |\n| Kho: | Rhizophoraceae |\n| Sio̍k: | *Kandelia* |\n| Chéng: | *K. candel* |\n\n |\n| **Siang-bêng-hoat** |\n| ***Kandelia Candel***? |\n\n**Chúi-pit-á** (水筆仔), **Chúi-pit** (水筆), **Ka-tîn** (茄藤), **Âng-hái-ka-tang** (紅海茄苳) sī chi̍t-chióng âng-chhiū kho ê si̍t-but. Sī âng-chhiū-nâ chú-iàu ê si̍t-but chi-it.\n\n* Ha̍k-kho: *Rhizophoraceae* (Âng-chhiū kho)\n* Ha̍k-miâ: *Kandelia candel*\n\nTī Pat-lí, Tām-chúi kap Kan-tāu iân-hōaⁿ ê tām-chúi-hô ê khe-piⁿ ê âng-chhiū-nâ chú-iàu sī chúi-pit-á. Sin-tek ê hái-hōaⁿ ê âng-chhiū-nâ sî hái-ka-tang thàu-lām chúi-pit-á. \n\nChúi-pit-á tī chhiū oe thâu puh khì-kin théⁿ--leh, hio̍h-á tùi-siⁿ, ke-nn̄g-hêng, kāu-kāu ē hóan-kng. Chí puh-íⁿ liáu-āu, ùi tì-thâu-á seⁿ tn̂g-ko-hêng ê chhiⁿ-sek the-seng-biâu (胎生苗), gōa-phê khah ku̍t-liu.\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n* Si̍t-bu̍t ê Tâi-oân-miâ: Chúi-pit-á Archived 2009-03-26 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Chúi-pit-á","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[323,888,0.36373873873873874],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1170}} -{"text":"\n**Huat-iām** (ing-gú: Inflammation; lâi-tsū latin-gú: inflammatio; **huat-hông** (發癀); **iām-tsìng** (炎症); hàn-gú: 發炎) sī sin-thé ê tsoo-tsit tuì iú-hāi tshì-kik (pí-jû pīng-guân-thé (pathogen), siū-sún sè-pau hi̍k-tsiá tshì-kik bu̍t) ê ho̍k-tsa̍p sing-bu̍t huán-ìng ê tsi̍t-pōo-hūn, sī sia̍p-ki̍p bián-i̍k sè-pau, hiat-kuán kap hun-tsú kài-tsit (分子介質) tíng-tíng tsoo-tsit ê pó-hōo sìng huán-ìng. Huat-iām ê kong-lîng sī siau-tû sè-pau sún-siong ê siōng-thâu-á ê guân-in, tshing-tû guân-sí sún-siong kah iām-tsìng kuè-tîng jî-lâi siū-sún ê huāi-sí (壞死) sè-pau hām tsoo-tsit; pīng-tshiánn khé-tōng tsoo-tsit siu-ho̍k.\n\nNgóo ê tsú-iàu ê thé-ting sī jia̍t, thiànn, âng, tsíng kap kong-lîng sòng-sit (latin-gú: calor, dolor, rubor, tumor kap functio laesa). Huat-iām sī tsi̍t-tsióng t-it-puann ê huán-ìng, in-tshú huat-iām hông jīn-uî sī sian-thian bián-i̍k ê tsi̍t-tsióng ki-tsè; put-kò sik-ìng sìng bián-i̍k tio̍h-ē tsiam-tuì ta̍k-tsióng pīng-guân-thé (pathogen). Huat-iām siunn-tsió khó-lîng ē tì-sú ū-hāi ê tshì-kik (pí-jû ba̋i-khín (bacteria)) tuì tsoo-tsit ū tsìn-hîng sìng ê phò-hāi; pīng-tshiánn sún-hāi sing-bu̍t thé ê sing-tsûn. Tò-píng lâi kóng, kuè-to ê bān-sìng huat-iām hîng-sik ê huat-iām kah to-tsióng pēnn-tsìng ū kuan-hē, pí-jû hue-hún tsìng (花粉症), gê-tsiu pēnn(牙周病), tōng-me̍h tsiok-iōng ngē-huà (動脈粥樣硬化) kap kut kuan-tsat-iām (骨關節炎).\n\nHuat-iām ē-tàng hun-tsò kip-sìng hām bān-sìng tsit nn̄g-tsióng. Kip-sìng huat-iām sī sin-thé tuì ū-hāi tshì-kik ê siōng-thâu-á ê huán-ìng, tō sī thong-kuè hiat-tsiong hām pe̍h sè-pau (ti̍k-pia̍t sī lia̍p sè-pau) uì hiat-i̍k tsìn-ji̍p siū-sún tsoo-tsit ê ūn-tōng tsing-ka lâi si̍t-hiān ê. It hē-lia̍t sing-huà sū-kiānn thuân-pò kap sîng-si̍k ê huat-iām huán-ìng, sia̍p-ki̍p kio̍k-pōo hiat-kuán hē-thóng, bián-i̍k hē-thóng kap siū-siong tsoo-tsit lāi ê kok-tsióng sè-pau. Tn̂g-kî huat-iām (kiò-tsò bān-sìng huat-iām) ē tì-sú huat-iām pōo-uī ê sè-pau luī-hîng (pí-jû tan-hi̍k (單核) sè-pau) huat-sing ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á piàn-huà, i-ê ti̍k-ting sī huat-iām kuè-tîng tang-tiong tsoo-tsit tông-sîphò-hāi hām siu-kian.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Ferrero-Miliani L, Nielsen OH, Andersen PS, Girardin SE (February 2007). \"Chronic inflammation: importance of NOD2 and NALP3 in interleukin-1beta generation\". *Clinical and Experimental Immunology*. **147** (2): 227–235. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03261.x. PMC 1810472 Freely accessible. PMID 17223962.\n2. ↑ Chen L, Deng H, Cui H, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, et al. (January 2018). \"Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs\". *Oncotarget*. Impact Journals, LLC. **9** (6): 7204–7218. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.23208. PMC 5805548 Freely accessible. PMID 29467962.\n3. ↑ Abbas AB, Lichtman AH (2009). \"Ch.2 Innate Immunity\". Chū Saunders (Elsevier). *Basic Immunology. Functions and disorders of the immune system* (3rd pán.). Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4160-4688-2.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Anaphylatoxin\n* Anti-inflammatories\n* Essential fatty acid interactions\n* Healing\n* Inflammaging\n* Inflammatory cytokine\n* Inflammatory reflex\n* Interleukin\n* Lipoxin\n* Neurogenic inflammation\n* Substance P\n* Stress (biology)\n* Endothelial Cell Tropism\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Inflammations*** |\n\n* Inflammation at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85066108\n* GND: 4014975-4\n* BNF: cb119720196 (data)\n* NDL: 00562014\n* NKC: ph135115\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Hoat-iām","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1379,3498,0.39422527158376214],"infobox":["
    Huat-iām
    \n
    Iām-tsìng ê tsú-iàu pēnn-tsìng pau-kuat: thàng-thiànn, huat-jia̍t, huat-âng, hàng-tsíng kap kong-lîng sòng-sit. Iû-î kuè-bín huán-ìng, uì tsiah ē-tàng khuànn-tio̍h tsi̍t-kuá-á tsí-piau.
    lūi-pia̍t kap goā-pō͘ chu-goân
    I-ha̍k choan-kho\nImmunology, rheumatology
    \n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3887}} -{"text":"\n**Eng-lân** (英蘭; Eng-gí: *England*) sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. \"Eng-kok\" ū-sî sī chí England.\n\nHō-miâ\n------\n\nTī goân Eng-gí ho͘-im, *England* sī tha̍k chò /ˈɪŋɡlənd/. Kó͘ Eng-gí ê goân-thâu sī *Englaland*, ì-sù sī \"Angle lâng ê thó͘-tē\". Angle lâng sī Chá-kî Tiong-sè-kí seng-oa̍h tī Tōa Britain tē-hng ê German-hē pō͘-cho̍k.\n\n*England* chit-ê miâ tī Ho̍h-ló-ōe bûn-su ia̍h kháu-gí, pau-koat hiān-chāi í-keng hàn tit ēng ê chāi lāi, ū **Eng-kok** (英國), **Tāi-eng-kok** (大英國), **Âng-mn̂g-kok** (紅毛國), **Eng-kek-lân** (英格蘭), **Eng-lân** téng khoán.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nEng-lân ê pak-pêng sī So͘-kat-lân; sai-pêng sī Ài-ní-lân Hái, Ui-le̍k-sū kap Tāi-se-iûⁿ; tī lâm-pêng sī Eng-lân Hái-tō; hiòng tang-pêng sī Pak-hái.\n\nTē-hêng ê hong-bīn, Eng-lân ê koân-tō͘ bô koân, chóng-sī tû-liáu óa tang-pō͘ ê só͘-chāi, tōa-hūn lóng m̄-sī te̍k-pia̍t pêⁿ-tháⁿ. Eng-lân ê thó͘-tē it-poaⁿ sī sè-lia̍p kē soaⁿ-lūn cho͘-sêng--ê. Pennine Soaⁿ-lūn, Cotswold Soaⁿ-lūn, kiam chi̍t kóa *moor* tē-hêng kap lâm-pō͘ ê pe̍h-thô͘ (*chalk*) tē-chit, sī Eng-lân hô-chhoan chú-iàu ê pun-chúi tē-hêng.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Eng-lân ê le̍k-sú\nSó͘ chai-iáⁿ siāng chá tī Eng-lân tē-hng chhut-hiān ê hui hiān-tāi chéng jîn-lūi sī *Homo antecessor*, Eng-lân chāi-tē só͘ hoat-kiàn ê kut-thâu sio̍k tī 50 bān tang chêng. Tī Norfolk ê Happisburgh chng, koh ū hoat-kiàn tāi-iok 90 bān tang chêng chè-chō ê jîn-chō-bu̍t. Siōng-bô ū 9 pho sú-chêng jîn-kûn tùi Au-chiu lâm-pêng sóa ji̍p Eng-lân, kî-tiong siāng bóe kûn chêng 15,000 tang chêng to̍h seng-oa̍h tī kin-á-ji̍t ê Nottinghamshire, Norfolk kap Devon téng só͘-chāi. Tong-sî ê Pak Hái iáu koh sī pêⁿ-po͘ kap nâ-á-tē. Keng-kòe Ch. 4700 nî kàu Ch. 2000 nî kan ê Sin-chio̍h-khì sî-kî, Eng-lân ê jîn-kháu chiàu ko͘-sǹg chin-ka kàu 300,000 chó-iū. Tī Ch. 3000 nî ê sî, í-keng ū ēng chio̍h-thâu khí ê chhiûⁿ-á hun-keh thó͘-tē.\n\nLô-má-lâng tī Ch. 55 nî ê sî thâu chi̍t pái chhim-ji̍p Eng-lân. Tong-sî Eng-lân pō͘-cho̍k ê chi̍t ūi siú-léng sī Cassivellaunus. Caesar niá kun-tūi hiòng Britain chìn-peng, tāi-seng tī Deal hū-kīn chiūⁿ-hōaⁿ, keng-kòe chē pái chiàn-tò͘ liáu-āu thè-kun. Chóng-sī chit chūn Britain lâm-pō͘ chi̍t kóa pō͘-cho̍k mā khai-sí Lô-má-hòa. Kàu Claudius chò Lô-má hông-tè ê sî, chiong-kun Aulus Plautius tī Āu 43 nî niá tāi-iok 2 bān lâng ê kun-tūi kòe Eng-lân. Ùi Medway Khe Chiàn-tò͘, Caratacus chhōa-thâu ê chāi-tē kun-tūi hō͘ Lô-má phah-pāi. Liáu-āu Claudius niá peng lâi kàu Eng-lân hiòng chāi-tē siâⁿ-chhī Camulodunum chò siāng bóe ê kong-kek. Chit kái ê chiàn-sū, hō͘ Lô-má khai-sí liáu tùi Eng-lân ê cheng-ho̍k. Āu 47 nî, Boudicca niá-chhōa ê Iceni pō͘-cho̍k hiòng Lô-má ê thóng-tī hoat-tōng hoán-khòng, chhim-ji̍p liáu pau-koat Tè-kok tē-hng siú-hú Colchester chāi-lāi ê só͘-chāi. Kàu-bé Boudicca tī Watling Tōa-ke Chiàn-tò͘ chiàn su Lô-má chiong-kun Suetonius Paulinus ê kun-tūi. Tī Lô-má sî-kî, Eng-lân ê káng-kháu, kim-sio̍k kap cho͘-sòe ū pang-chō͘ Lô-má siong-gia̍p ê chok-iōng. Āu--lâi chia mā piàn chò sī Au-chiu ê lông-sán-tē.\n\n430 nî ê sî, chi̍t kóa sió ông-kok só͘ cho͘-sêng ê liân-bêng thâu-lâng Vortigern, chhōe Saxon lâng chò iông-peng lâi tùi-khòng So͘-kat-lâng ê Pict lâng kap chi̍t kóa Ài-ní-lân sè-le̍k. Pict lâng hòng-khì chhim-ji̍p liáu-āu, Saxon iông-peng siu bô só͘-hùi, soah tùi Tang Anglia tē-hng khai-sí hoán-loān, in hiòng Thames Valley tē-hng hoat-tián, koh ín--lâi lēng-gōa ê German pō͘-cho̍k, pau-koat Angle lâng, Saxon lâng, Frisia lâng, kap Jute lâng. Chia-ê pō͘-cho̍k tāi-seng sī tī Thames Kang, Trent Kang kap Humber Kang iân-sòaⁿ hoat-tián. In tī 6 sè-kí ê sî hō͘ le̍k-sú-ka chheng chò Anglo-Saxon lâng. Kàu 540 nî-tāi, tùi Ai-ki̍p hiòng kui-ê Lô-má-hòa sè-kài thoân chhut--lâi chi̍t kái un-e̍k, ū-ê gián-kiù kè-sǹg tong-sî 3, 4 pah-bān jîn-khái kiám kah chhun 1 pah-bān chó-iū. Un-e̍k tùi chāi-tē ê jîn-kûn phò-hoāi pí Anglo-Saxon lâng koh khah giâm-tiōng, sī Anglo-Saxon thang kè-sio̍k hiòng sai-pêng khok-tiong ê goân-in chi it. Saxon ê chi̍t ūi thâu-lâng Ceawlin pa̍t tī 577 nî ê sî hoat-tián khì kàu Cirencester, Gloucester, kap Bath; i-ê sè-le̍k āu-bóe koh hiòng Eng-lân tiong-ng thàng kòe, pek cháu chāi-tē ê kok-ông. Tang-tiong ia̍h ū-ê chāi-tē jîn-kûn sóa hiòng Hoat-lân-se sai-pak-pêng ê Armorica, sán-seng chi̍t kûn kiò Breton lâng ê cho̍k-hē.\n\n9 sè-kí chhe, Eng-lân ū Wessex, Mercia kap Northumbria 3 ê chú-iàu ông-kok, lēng-gōa koh ū Tang Anglia, Kent, Sussex kap Essex 4-ê khah sió ê ông-kok. Chá-chêng, tī 790 nî ê sî-chūn, ū chi̍t tīn Norse lâng tùi Dorset hái-hōaⁿ chhim-ji̍p Eng-lân. Sòa--lo̍h-lâi kúi tang, in chìn chi̍t pō͘ kong-kek chē-ê só͘-chāi. Liáu-āu koh lâi Tan-be̍h-lâng, in chú-iàu kong Kent kap Tang Anglia. Ùi Kent ê Sandwich hū-kīn, hoat-seng liáu Eng-lân siāng chá ê chi̍t pái hái-chiàn. 866 nî, Tan-be̍h-lâng chiàm-niá liáu York. Liáu-āu koh hiòng Nottingham chhim-lio̍k, kàu-bóe Northumberland kap Tang Anglia lóng siū in khòng-chè. Kàu 870 nî ê sî, Tan-be̍h-lâng chìn tī Reading an-iâⁿ, chún-pī hiòng Wessex Ông-kok hoat-peng.\n\nEng-lân ê Alfred Tāi-ông to̍h sī tī chit chūn tek-sè. Keng-kòe chē pái chiàn-su liáu-āu, i ēng chîⁿ siu-bé Tan-be̍h kun-tūi, hō͘ hia Tan-be̍h-lâng thè tńg Lûn-tun, chit-ê sî-kî Alfred sǹg sī Tan-be̍h sè-le̍k ê phoan-chú. Liáu-āu Alfred koh tī Chippenham chiàn-pāi, liû-bông kòe Somerset tē-hng. I ùi Athelney khí siat chi̍t chō iàu-sài. 878 nî ê chhun-thiⁿ, Alfred Tāi-ông niá Somerset, Wiltshire, kap pō͘-hūn Hampshire ê kun-tūi khì kàu chi̍t-ê hō chò \"Egbert ê Chio̍h-thâu\" (*Egbert’s Stone*) ê só͘-chāi. Tī Wiltshire ê Edington i kap Tan-be̍h thâu-lâng Guthrum ê kun-tūi khí Edington Chiàn-tò͘, lo̍h-bé phah iâⁿ. Liáu-āu Guthrum chiap-siū kiat-kó jî-chhiá kap chē-ê chí-hui-koaⁿ siū-sé ji̍p Ki-tok-kàu.\n\nTan-be̍h-lâng, mā hō chò Viking lâng, tī 10 sè-kí bóe oa-ná koh tī Eng-lân oa̍h-tāng. Eng-lân ê kun-chú Ethelred chū Maldon Chiàn-tò͘ chiàn-pāi liáu-āu to̍h chē pái hiòng Tan-be̍h-lâng ê sè-le̍k la̍p sòe-kim. Tan-be̍h-ông Swein Forkbeard koh tī 1013 nî kap hāu-seⁿ Canute chhōa chûn-tūi kòe Eng-lân, chiàⁿ iâⁿ Ethelred ê sè-le̍k. Canute tī 1016 nî tit tio̍h ông-ūi; chiūⁿ-ūi liáu-āu to̍h khai-sí thâi Eng-lân hôa-cho̍k. I mā choán sìn Ki-tok-kàu, koh chham goân-té Ethelred ê bó͘ Emma kiat-hun. Canute tī Eng-lân kiàn-li̍p tiat-sū, koh chū-chheng sī So͘-kat-lân, Ài-ní-lân kiam Ui-le̍k-sū ê kun-chú. I hi-chūn oa-ná sī Tan-be̍h kiam Nô͘-ui ê ông. 1035 nî Canute kòe-sin, keng-kòe in kiáⁿ Harold Harefoot kap Harthacanute ê té-chām thóng-tī, āu--lâi khoân-le̍k thoân kàu Ethelred kap Emma ê hāu-seⁿ Edward khì. 1043 nî siū ka-bián liáu-āu, Edward to̍h siat chi̍t kóa lī-ek Normandy sè-le̍k ê chèng-chhek, chhan-chhiūⁿ pun Lûn-tun ê bé-thâu hō͘ Rouen ê seng-lí-lâng.\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Breton lâng ū pō͘-hūn āu--lâi koh tòe William Cheng-ho̍k-chiá ji̍p Eng-lân.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n### Su-chì\n\n* Ackroyd, Peter (2012). *Foundation: The History of England Volume I*. Macmillan. ISBN 9780330544283.\n\n### Chù-kha\n\n1. ↑ \"Eng-lân\". *Tē-lí Kàu-kho-su 2*. 1920.\n2. ↑ \"England\". Online Etymology Dictionary. 2017-02-18 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ John Macgowan (1883). \"England\". *English and Chinese dictionary of the Amoy dialect*.\n4. ↑ Tēⁿ Jî-gio̍k (1960 nî 10 goe̍h). \"Chong-kàu kái-kek kap phó͘-sè kàu-hōe ūn-tōng\". *Tâi-ôan Kàu-hōe Kong-pò*.\n5. ↑ Ông Chú-chiau (1961 nî 11 goe̍h). \"Chheng-kàu-tô͘ ê cheng-sîn\". *Tâi-ôan Kàu-hōe Kong-pò*. Sin Eng-lân\n6. ↑ *Tē-lí Kàu-kho-su Koàn Jī*. Tiong Se Tōe-miâ Piáu.\n7. 1 2 William Harford Thomas; Peter Kellner. \"England\". *Encyclopædia Britannica*. 2017-08-11 khòaⁿ--ê.\n8. ↑ \"500,000 BC – Boxgrove\". *Current Archaeology*. Current Publishing. 20 December 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.\n9. ↑ Ackroyd 2012, 1. Hymns of stone\n10. ↑ Ackroyd 2012, 2. The Roman way\n11. ↑ Ackroyd 2012, 4. Spear points\n12. 1 2 Ackroyd 2012, 5. The blood eagle\n13. ↑ Ackroyd 2012, 7. The coming of the conquerors\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nLiân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê cho͘-sêng |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Kò͘-sêng-kok | Ui-le̍k-sū • Eng-lân • Pak Ài-ní-lân • So͘-kat-lân | Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê kok-kî |\n| |\n| Hái-goā léng-thó͘ | Akrotiri kap Dhekelia • Anguilla • Bermuda • Eng-kok léng Lâm-ke̍k Tē-he̍k • Eng-kok léng Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ Tē-he̍k • Eng-kok léng Virgin Kûn-tó • Cayman Kûn-tó • Falkland Kûn-tó • Gibraltar • Montserrat • Pitcairn Kûn-tó • Saint Helena, Ascension kap Tristan da Cunha (Saint Helena • Ascension Tó • Tristan da Cunha) • Lâm Georgia kap Lâm Sandwich Kûn-tó • Turks kap Caicos Kûn-tó |\n| |\n| Ông-sek Sio̍k-léng | Guernsey • Man • Jersey |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 142995804\n* LCCN: n82068148\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2293 4507\n* SUDOC: 02735895X\n* BNF: cb11930575r (data)\n* NKC: ge134022\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Eng-lân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2273,8687,0.261655347070335],"infobox":["\n
    Eng-lân
    England
    \n
    Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê kò͘-sêng-kok
    \n\n
    \n
    \"Eng-lân
    kî-á
    \"Eng-lân
    hui-chiong
    \n
    Chú-khoân kok-ka\nLiân-ha̍p Ông-kok
    Hoat-he̍k\nEng-lân kap Ui-le̍k-sū
    Siú-hú
    kap siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī
    		\nLûn-tun
    sêng-jīn ê kok-ka gí-giân\nEng-gí
    Chèng-hú\nkun-chú li̍p-hiàn, Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ti̍t-chiap thóng-tī
    • kun-chú
    		\nCharles 3-sè
    Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok Kok-hōe
    • Sù-bîn-īⁿ
    		\n533
    Bīn-chek
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n130,279 km2 (50,301 sq mi)
    Jîn-kháu
    • 2019 nî kó͘-kè
    		\n\"Neutral56,286,961
    • Bi̍t-tō͘
    		\n432/km2 (1,118.9/sq mi)
    GVA\n2019 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n£1.9 bān-ek
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n£33,800
    Hoè-pè\nEng-pōng (£) (GBP)
    Sî-khu\nUTC (GMT)
     • Joa̍h-thiⁿ (DST)
    		\nUTC+1 (BST)
    Sî-kan keh-sek\ndd/mm/yyyy
    yyyy-mm-dd (AD)
    Khui-chhia hong-hiòng\nchó
    Tiān-oē khu-hō\n+44
    ISO 3166 tāi-hō\nGB-ENG
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":9744}} -{"text":"**Tāng lia̍p-tsí hòng-siā tī-liâu** (ji̍t-gú: 重粒子線がん治療 (じゅうりゅうしせんがんちりょう), ing-gú: heavy particle therapy, charged particle radiotherapy, heavy ion therapy tíng-tíng; **tāng lia̍p-tsí hòng-siā-suànn gâm-tsìng tī-liâu**), sī tsi̍t-luīlī-iōng ka-sok kàu kín tsì kong-sok 70% ê tāng lia̍p-tsí hòng-siā-suànn tī-liâu tsíng-liû ê hong-huat. In-uī Tāng lia̍p-tsí hòng-siā tī-liâu kū-iú ē-sái tsìn-hîng ko tsè-liōng kio̍k-pōo tī-liâu ê ti̍k-sìng, iōng thuànn lia̍p-tsí sok tsing-khak tīng-uī tsíng-liû ê pēnn-piàn. Teh hōo gâm-tsìng pēnn-tsàu tsiok-gia̍h siong-hāi ê tông-sî, mā ē-tàng siōng-tuā hān-tōo lâi kiám-tsió tuì tsìng-siông sè-pau ê put-lī íng-hióng. Kah hiān-tsāi kóng-huàn sú-iōng ê kong-tsí hòng-liâu sio-pí, Tāng lia̍p-tsí hòng-siā tī-liâu ē-tàng thê-kiong koh-khah hó ê bu̍t-lí tsè-liōng hun-pòo, í-ki̍p koh-khah kuân ê sing-bu̍t-ha̍k hāu-ìng; tsiū-án-ni ta̍t-tio̍h koh-khah kuân ê kio̍k-pōo khòng-tsè-lu̍t hām koh-khah kē ê hù-tsok-iōng. Tāng lia̍p-tsí hòng-siā tī-liâu sī bo̍k-tsîng siōng sian-tsìn ê hòng-siā liâu-huat tsi-it.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"This radiotherapy utilizes heavy ion (carbon ion) beams\". *hirt-japan.info*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2019-11-21. 2014-03-06 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ Agence France-Presse. \"Japanese specialist tests non-surgical 'heavy ion radiotherapy' breast cancer therapy\". *Raw Story*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2014-03-06. 2014-03-06 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Radiation therapy\n* Superconducting magnet\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 国立研究開発法人 量子科学技術研究開発機構 量子医学・医療部門 (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n* 国立研究開発法人 量子科学技術研究開発機構 QST病院 (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n* 群馬大学重粒子線医学研究センター (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n* Tāng lia̍p-tsí gâm-tsìng tī-liâu ki-su̍t kài-siāu (重粒子癌症治療技術介紹) (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Tāng lia̍p-chí hòng-siā tī-liâu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[617,1726,0.3574739281575898],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1995}} -{"text":"\n**Choân-chiu-chhī/chhǐ** (Hàn-jī: 泉州市；Choân-chiu-ōe: Choân-chiu-chhǐ) sī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng ê tē-kip-chhī, ūi-tī Hok-kiàn ê tang-lâm-pō͘, Tâi-ôan Hái-kiap sai-hōaⁿ, tang-keng 117-tō͘ 25-hun kàu 119-tō͘ 05-hun, pak-úi (北緯) 24-tō͘ 30-hun kàu 25-tō͘ 56-hun, tang-sai chóng-khoah 153 kong-lí, lâm-pak chôan-tn̂g 157 kong-lí. Chôan-chiu kah Tâi-ôan \"keh-hái-sio-khòaⁿ\", siōng-kīn--e, lī Tâi-ôan kan-nā 97 hái-lí. Chôan-chhī thó͘-tē bīn-chek 11,015 pêng-hong kong-lí.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nChôan-chiu-chhī óa-soaⁿ khò-hái, ū kôan-soaⁿ, ū pêⁿ-iûⁿ; ū hô-liû, ū hái-káng. Khî-tiong 1000 kong-chhioh í-siōng ê tōa-soaⁿ 455-chō, chú-iàu hun-pò͘ tī Tek-hōe, Éng-chhun, An-khoe, Lâm-oaⁿ ê soaⁿ-khu. Tē-hûn soaⁿ-me̍h chū tang-pak hiòng sai-lâm chhun-tn̂g, chú-hong kôan 1856 kong-chhioh, hō͘-lâng pí-lūn chòe \"Hok-kiàn ê tiong-chit \"(閩中屋脊). \n\nChôan-chiu hái-hōaⁿ-sòaⁿ oan-kiau khiok-chiat, tōa-to-sò͘ sī giâm-chio̍h hái-hoaⁿ, chôan-tn̂g tāi-iok 421 kong-lí. Kang-oan 4-ūi, sī Bî-chiu-oan, Chôan-chiu-oan, Chhim-hō͘-oan kah Ûi-thâu-oan; lēng-gōa koh-ū khang-kháu 14-ūi.\n\nHêng-chèng tan-ūi\n-----------------\n\nChôan-chiu ē-kha si̍t-chè thóng-tī 4 ê khu, 4 ê koān kap 3 ê koān-kip-chhī, iáu ū 1 ê bô si̍t-chè thóng-tī ê koān: Kim-mn̂g-koān.\n\n* Lí-siâⁿ-khu (鯉城區)\n* Hong-te̍k-khu (豐澤區)\n* Lo̍k-kang-khu (洛江區)\n* Chôan-káng-khu (泉港區)\n* Chìn-kang-chhī (晉江市)\n* Chio̍h-sai-chhī (石獅市)\n* Lâm-oaⁿ-chhī (南安市)\n* Hūi-oaⁿ-koān (惠安縣)\n* An-khoe-koān (安溪縣)\n* Éng-chhun-koān (永春縣)\n* Tek-hòe-koān (德化縣)\n* *Kim-mn̂g-koān (金門縣) (Taⁿ bô si̍t-chè thóng-tī.)*\n\nJîn-kháu kap gú-giân\n--------------------\n\nSe-gôan 1997-nî té, Chôan-chiu-chhī jîn-kháu chóng-sò͘ ta̍t-kàu 646-bān lâng, kî-tiong chhī-khu jîn-kháu 21.8-bān, chôan-chhī jîn-kháu, Hàn-cho̍k siāng-chē, chhiàm 99% khah-ke, sió-sò͘ bîn-cho̍k chú-iàu sī Hôe-chok, Bông-kó͘-cho̍k, Sia-cho̍k, Miâu-cho̍k. Chôan-chiu siâⁿ-hiuⁿ thong-iōng ê gú-giân sī Phó͘-thong-ōe kah Bân-lâm-gú. \n\nChôan-chiu sī chhut-miâ ê kiâu-hiong kah Tâi-ôan-lâng ê chó͘-che̍k-tē. Bo̍k-chiân lâi-kóng, chó·-ke Chôan-chiu ê hôa-kiâu ū 620-gōa-bān lâng, Káng-Ò tông-pau 75-bān lâng. Hái-gōa chin-chōe keng-chè-kài kah kho-ki bûn-hòa-kài ê miâ-lâng, chó͘-ke tī Chôan-chiu. Chôan-chiu ê hôa-kiâu chı̍p-tiong tī Tang-lâm-a. Tâi-ôan Hàn-jîn ū 44.8% ê lâng chó͘-che̍k sī Chôan-chiu. Chôan-chiu kah Tâi-ôan, huih-me̍h siong-chhin, bûn-hòa sio-kâng, gí-giân sio-thong.\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\nChôan-chiu sī Tiong-kok Kok-bū-īⁿ thâu-chı̍t-phoe kong-pò 24-ê le̍k-sú bûn-hòa bêng-siâⁿ chi-chı̍t. sī Tiong-kok kó͘-tāi \"tong-hong tē-it tōa-káng\", sī \"Hái-siōng Si-tiû chi Lō͘\" ê khí-tiám.\n\n### sió-chia̍h\n\nchoân-chiu iû-î le̍k-sú iu-kiú, lî-chhiáⁿ lîn-bûn hong-hù, bûn-hòa kau-hōe, só͘-í ū chin-chē ê bí-si̍t, pí-jū, mi-sòaⁿ-kô͘ (麵線糊), thô͘-sún-tāng (土筍凍), ô-á-chian (蚵仔煎), sù-kó͘-thng (四果湯), iûⁿ-kam-ki (余乾枝), soàn-iông-ki (蒜蓉枝), bah-chàng (肉粽), chhài-thâu-sng (菜頭酸), lūn-piaⁿ-kàu (潤餅卷), gû-bah-kiⁿ (牛肉羹), kòng-thn̂g (貢糖), ke-kńg (雞卷), so͘-kó (酥糕), ô-piáⁿ (蠣餅), tāu-koaⁿ (金淘豆乾), hông-lāi koe-kha (洪瀨雞爪).\n\n### thó͘-oē\n\nchoân-chiu chī thó͘-oē chú-iàu sī choân-chiu-ōe, gí-giân-ha̍k bīn-téng kui-lūi sio̍k-î bân-lâm-gí ê choân-chiang-phìⁿ. \n\nChhiáⁿ cham-khó Bân-lâm bûn-hòa\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hok-kiàn-séng ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hù-séng-kip | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Ē-mn̂g-chhī | Hái-chhng-khu  **·** Ô͘-lí-khu  **·** Chi̍p-bí-khu  **·** Su-bêng-khu  **·** Tâng-oaⁿ-khu  **·** Siông-an-khu |\n\n | Hok-kiàn |\n| |\n| Tē-kip | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Hok-chiu-chhī | Kó͘-lâu-khu  **·** Chìn-an-khu  **·** Tâi-kang-khu  **·** Chhng-soaⁿ-khu  **·** Má-boé-khu  **·** Tiông-lo̍k-khu  **·** Bân-chheng-koān  **·** Bân-hâu-koān  **·** Éng-thài-koān  **·** Hok-chheng-chhī  **·** Liân-kang-koān  **·** Lô-goân-koān  **·** Pêng-thâm-koān |\n| |\n| Chiang-chiu-chhī | Hiong-siâⁿ-khu **·** Liông-bûn-khu  **·** Liông-hái-chhī  **·** Chiuⁿ-phó͘-koān  **·** Ûn-sio-koān  **·** Chiàu-an-koān  **·** Tang-soaⁿ-koān  **·** Pêng-hô-koān  **·** Lâm-chēng-koān  **·** Tiô-thoà-koān  **·** Hoâ-an-koān |\n| |\n| Choân-chiu-chhī | Lí-siâⁿ-khu  **·** Hong-te̍k-khu  **·** Lo̍k-kang-khu  **·** Choân-káng-khu  **·** Chìn-kang-chhī  **·** Chio̍h-sai-chhī  **·** Lâm-oaⁿ-chhī  **·** Hūi-oaⁿ-koān  **·** An-khoe-koān  **·** Éng-chhun-koān  **·** Tek-hoè-koān  **·** *Kim-mn̂g-koān (bô si̍t-chè thóng-tī)* |\n| |\n| Lâm-pêng-chhī | Iân-pêng-khu  **·** Kiàn-iông-khu  **·** Bú-î-soaⁿ-chhī  **·** Kiàn-au-chhī  **·** Siō-bú-chhī  **·** Chèng-hô-koān  **·** Kong-te̍k-koān  **·** Phó͘-siâⁿ-koān  **·** Siông-khe-koān  **·** Sūn-chhiong-koān |\n| |\n| Lêng-nâ-chhī | Sin-lô-khu  **·** Éng-tēng-khu  **·** Chiuⁿ-phîng-chhī  **·** Bú-pêng-koān  **·** Liân-siâⁿ-koān  **·** Siōng-hâng-koān  **·** Tiông-teng-koān |\n| |\n| Lêng-tek-chhī | Chio-siâⁿ-khu  **·** Hok-an-chhī  **·** Hok-téng-chhī  **·** Chià-êng-koān  **·** Chiu-lêng-koān  **·** Hâ-phó͘-koān  **·** Kó͘-chhân-koān  **·** Pêng-lâm-koān  **·** Siū-lêng-koān |\n| |\n| Phô͘-chhân-chhī | Siâⁿ-siuⁿ-khu  **·** Âm-kang-khu  **·** Nāi-siâⁿ-khu  **·** Siù-sū-khu  **·** Sian-iû-koān |\n| |\n| Sam-bêng-chhī | Mûi-lia̍t-khu  **·** Sam-goân-khu  **·** Éng-an-chhī  **·** Bêng-khe-koān  **·** Chheng-liû-koān  **·** Chiong-lo̍k-koān  **·** Iû-khe-koān  **·** Kiàn-lêng-koān  **·** Lêng-hoà-koān  **·** Soa-koān  **·** Tāi-chhân-koān  **·** Thài-lêng-koān |\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 136054622\n* LCCN: n81111354\n* GND: 4231037-4\n* BNF: cb15535090b (data)\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Choân-chiu-chhī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2688,5496,0.4890829694323144],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Choân-chiu-chhī
    —  Tē-kip-chhī  —
    泉州市
    \"Choân-chiu-chhī
    Choân-chiu-chhī tī Hok-kiàn-séng ê ūi-tì ê uī-tì
    Choân-chiu-chhī tī Hok-kiàn-séng ê ūi-tì\n
    \n
    \"Choân-chiu-chhī
    \"Choân-chiu-chhī\"
    Choân-chiu-chhī
    Choân-chiu-chhī tī Tiong-kok ê ūi-tì\n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 24°52′28″N 118°40′33″E / 24.8744°N 118.6757°E / 24.8744; 118.6757
    Kok-ka\n \"\" Tiong-kok\n
    Séng\nHok-kiàn\n
    Chèng-hú só͘-chāiLí-siâⁿ-khu
    Bīn-chek
     - Lóng-chóng\n\t\t11,218.91 km2
    Jîn-kháu (2010)
     - Lóng-chóng8,128,533 lâng
     - Bi̍t-tō͘\n724.5/km2
    Sî-khuTiong-kok Piau-chún Sî-khu (UTC+8)\n\t
    Iû-piān hō-bé362000\n\t
    Tiān-oē khu-bé0595
    Chhia-pâi hō-bé闽C
    Bāng-chāmwww.quanzhou.gov.cn
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6568}} -{"text":"\n**2017 nî Catalunya to̍k-li̍p kong-bîn tâu-phiò** tī 2017 nî 10 goe̍h 1 ji̍t kí-hêng, lâi koat-tēng Catalunya kám beh thoat-lī Se-pan-gâ to̍k-li̍p. Chit-pái kong-tâu iû Catalunya Chū-tī-khu Chèng-hú giâ-thâu, keng-kòe Chū-tī-khu Gī-hōe he̍k-chún liáu-āu kí-pān. Se-pan-gâ Chèng-hú kin-kì hiàn-hoat hoat-īⁿ phòaⁿ-koat jīn-tēng chit-pái kong-tâu sī hui-hoat--ê, kī-choa̍t sêng-jīn tâu-phiò ê kiat-kó, mā tōng-iōng kong-khoân-le̍k chó͘-chí kong-tâu chìn-hêng. Sui-jiân tâu-phiò-lu̍t kan-na 43%, tān-sī Catalunya hong-bīn tāi-seng thàu-kòe siu-hoat kā kong-tâu kái chò siong-tùi to-sò͘-koat, só͘-í í chàn-sêng phiò 204-bān tiuⁿ, iok chiàm tit-phiò-lu̍t 92.01% lâi thong-kòe kong-tâu. Catalunya Chū-tī-khu Chèng-hú tī gī-hōe jīn-khó tâu-phiò kiat-kó liáu-āu chū-hêng tī 10 goe̍h 27 hō soan-pò͘ Catalunya to̍k-li̍p, kiàn-li̍p Catalunya Kiōng-hô-kok.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Catalan independence referendum, 2017\n* Catalonia Votes\n* Opinion Studies Center","meta":{"title":"2017 nî Catalunya to̍k-li̍p kong-bîn tâu-phiò","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[571,1433,0.39846475924633634],"infobox":["
    2017 nî Catalunya to̍k-li̍p kong-bîn tâu-phiò
    \nLí sī m̄ sī hi-bāng Catalunya sêng-ûi to̍k-li̍p ê kiōng-hô-kok?
    tē-tiám\nCatalunya
    sî-kan\n2017 nî 10 goe̍h 1 ji̍t ji̍t (2017-10-01)
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    kiat-kó
    chàn-sêng ia̍h-sī hoán-tùiphiò-sò͘pah-hun-pí
    chàn-sêng2,044,03892.01%
    hoán-tùi177,5477.99%
    ū-hāu-phiò2,221,58597.17%
    bô-hāu-phiò64,6322.83%
    chóng-phiò-sò͘2,286,217100.00%
    tâu-phiò-lu̍t43.03%
    soán-bîn jîn-sò͘5,313,564
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    kok tē-khu ê kiat-kó
      chàn-sêng
      hoán-tùi
    \nProvisional results.
    Source: Government of Catalonia
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1078}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?A-chiu o͘-hîm |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Mammalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Carnivora |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Ursidae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Ursus* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***U. thibetanus*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Ursus thibetanus***(G. Cuvier, 1823) |\n|\n|\n|\n| Siâng-ì-miâ |\n| * *Selenarctos thibetanus*\n |\n| Seⁿ-thoàⁿ tē-tô͘ |\n\n**A-chiu o͘-hîm** (ha̍k-miâ: *Ursus thibetanus*), mā hō **káu-hîm**, sī tiong-hêng ê hîm chéng. A-chiu lâm-pō͘, tang-pō͘, tang-pak-pō͘ sī in thoân-thóng ê tē-poâⁿ.\n\nA-chiu o͘-hîm sin-tn̂g 130 chì 190 cm, tāng 100 chì 200 kg. In it-poaⁿ seⁿ-chò o͘-sek--ê, chhùi khah chhián-sek, hêng-khám ê mo· ū 1 tah sī V-hêng ê pe̍h-phú-sek. A-chiu o͘-hîm ê hīⁿ-á pí pa̍t chéng ê hîm ke chin tōa sìⁿ. Bó--ê pí kang--ê khah sè-chiah.\n\nIn hiān-chhú-sî ê oa̍h-tōng hoān-ûi pí éng-kòe ke chin sè, jī-chhiáⁿ hông thiah chò bô sio-liâm ê tē-tài. Siāng sai-pêng ê kak-á pún-té tī Afghanistan, tùi hia kàu khah tang ê Pakistan, pak Ìn-tō͘, lâm Tiong-kok, pak Tang-lâm-a. Lō͘-se-a ê Siberia, tang-pak Tiong-kok, Hân-kok, Ji̍t-pún, Tâi-oân mā tī thoân-thóng ê hoān-ûi lāi-té.\n\nA-chiu o͘-hîm khah koàn-sì khah ōm ê sim-nâ, te̍k-pia̍t sī \"alpine elevation\" í-hā ê soaⁿ-khu, jia̍t-tài sim-nâ. Joa̍h--lâng ē pê kàu 3000 m ê koân-tō͘, kôaⁿ--lâng chiah soá kàu khah kē ê ūi. Tī khah koâⁿ ê tē-tài, in tiāⁿ-tio̍h ē khí siū kòe-tang (khùn tang-mî).\n\nIn chia̍h-chhài mā chia̍h-chho. Thâng, sè-chiah chiáu-á a̍h sī chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t, sí-bah, phang-siū, kóe-chí...lóng ē chia̍h. Ū-sî mā ē lia̍h cheng-siⁿ lâi chia̍h. Chhiu-thiⁿ ē peh khí-lih seⁿ tāu-chí ê chhiū-á téng chhōe chia̍h.\n\nIn ji̍t--sî hioh tī chhiū-téng a̍h sī soaⁿ-tōng lāi-té. Àm-sî oa̍h-tōng. Múi-1-chiah ê kò͘-tēng tē-poâⁿ kiám-chhái ū 10~20 km².\n\nHîm-bó 4-hòe chó-iū sèng-sêng-se̍k. Hîm-á-kiáⁿ tī 12-goe̍h, 1-goe̍h chhut-siⁿ. Poàⁿ-tang liáu-āu tō tn̄g-leng, m̄-koh ū khó-lêng tòe tiâu hîm-bó 3 tang kú.\n\nA-chiu o͘-hîm sī seng-chûn ū gûi-hiám ê tōng-bu̍t. In ê pak-lāi (lōe-chōng) tī A-chiu io̍h-á chhī-tiûⁿ ū siang-gia̍p kè-ta̍t. In hiān-chhú-sî lia̍t tī CITES ê \"Appendix I\" téng-bīn.\n\nĒ-kha-chéng\n-----------\n\n* Tâi-oân káu-hîm (*Ursus thibetanus formosanus*)\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* The Bear Den","meta":{"title":"A-chiu o͘-hîm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[279,1995,0.13984962406015036],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2578}} -{"text":"**Dorothy Stang** (1931 nî 6 goe̍h 7 – 2005 nî 2 goe̍h 12) sī 1-ūi Notre Dame de Namur Hōe ê siu-lú. I tn̂g-kî tī Pa-se Amazon ú-lîm tē-tài ūi tong-tē ê sàn-chhiah-lâng kap khoân-kéng kóng-oē. I bat hō· hit-tah-á ê tē-chú kap chhò-chhiū--ê lī-ek chi̍p-thoân kéng-kò. Tī 2005 nî 2 goe̍h 12 hō put-bêng jîn-sū chiong i chhèng-sat.\n\nStang Siu-lú chhut-sì tī Bí-kok Ohio-chiu Dayton-chhī. 17-hòe (1948 nî) ka-ji̍p Notre Dame de Namur Siu-lú-hōe, 1956 nî oân-sêng siāng-bóe 1 pái khí-sè (*professed final vows*). 1951 nî kàu 1966 nî chit tōaⁿ sî-kan i tòa kúi-nā-ê Thian-chú-kàu ha̍k-hāu kà-chheh. 1966 hit nî khì tī Pa-se Maranhao-chiu hit pêng khai-sí thoân-kàu sū-kang, kàu kah kòe-sin ê sî-chūn í-keng tiàm hia khiā-khí 30 tang khah chē.\n\nI chú-iàu tī Pará-chiu hit-tah-á ê chng-kha só·-chāi (hō-chò Anapu) oa̍h-tōng. Tī 1970 nî-tāi, Pa-se ê kun-chèng-hú chiong Amazon hù-kīn phian-phiah ê tōa phiàn tē poah hō· lâng khai-hoat. Chiah-ê tē āu--lâi in-ūi chió lâng lī-iōng tōa-pō·-hūn iū-koh siu tńg-khì. Kàu-kah 1990 nî-tāi pa̍t-ūi ê lô-kang liû-lōng kàu Anapu tō· seng-oa̍h. In kā chèng-hú tâu, hi-bāng ē-tit the̍h tio̍h thó·-tē koân. Chóng--sī in-ūi Anapu kīn kong-lō·, hong-piān ūn-su tong-tē chhut-sán ê chhâ-bo̍k, chiah-ê sin ki-bîn hām kū tē-chú hoat-seng lī-ek chhiong-tu̍t, tì-tio̍h 1985 nî kàu 2003 nî chi-kan ū 1349 lâng hông thâi--sí, kî-tiong 3-hun-chi-1 hoat-seng tī Pará. Kū tē-chú jīn-ûi hiah-ê tē iû-goân sī in ê. Stang siu-lú thàu-kòe Thian-chú-kàu Chng-kha Thó·-tē Úi-jīm-hōe (*Comissão Pastoral da Terra*) thīn chng-kha lô-kang kap lông-jîn ê koân-lī, mā chi-chhî thó·-tē kái-kek. I chhiàng-siaⁿ phoe-phêng tē-chú kap chhò-chhiū chi̍p-thoân kiông-kiông chiàm lông-jîn ê tē. Kin-kù Pa-se chèng-hú thê-kiong ê sò·-kì , tan-tan 2003 nî tō ū 14,754 km² ê Amazon chhiū-nâ hông chhò tiāu. \n\nTī 2004 nî 6 goe̍h, Pará-chiu chiu-chèng-hú chèng-sek po-chióng i sī \"Kin-nî Iu-siù ê Cha-bó·-lâng\". 12 goe̍h Pa-se Lu̍t-su Hia̍p-hōe o-ló i chò ê khang-khòe, pan \"Kin-nî ê Jîn-tō-chú-gī-chiá\" ê chióng hō· i. 2005 nî nî-chhe, chiu-chèng-hú koh-chài khéng-tēng i chò ê tāi-chì, sù hō· i \"Êng-ū Kong-bîn\" ê hâm-thâu.\n\nChhèng-sat sū-kiāⁿ hoat-seng liáu-āu, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Chóng-thóng phài i ê pō·-tiúⁿ khì tong-tē tiau-cha. Tī 2005 nî 12 go̍eh, Pa-se hoat-īⁿ phòaⁿ Rayfran das Neves Sales kap Clodoaldo Carlos Batista 2 lâng ū-chōe, pēng-chhiáⁿ tio̍h hun-pia̍t koaiⁿ 27 tang kap 17 tang. Lēng-gōa koh ū Vitalmiro Bastos de Moura giâu-gî sī chhiàⁿ in chò sat-chhiú ê lâng, hoat-īⁿ tī 2007 nî 5 go̍eh phòaⁿ koaiⁿ 30 tang, m̄-koh tī 2008 nî 5 go̍eh kái phòaⁿ bô-chōe. Tī sū-kiāⁿ hoat-seng ê chêng 30 tang bat ū 770-thóng-ê \"thó·-tē ūn-tōng-chiá\" siū-hāi, m̄-koh phòaⁿ-chōe ê chhù-sò· bô-kàu 10 pái .\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* *The Economist*: \"Dorothy Stang – a martyr for the Amazon\" [*biân-uán bô-hāu liân-kiat*]\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Notre Dame de Namur Hōe ê kài-siāu bûn\n* Brazil police hunt nun's killers (BBC)\n\n\n\n \n\n\n| **Thoân-kàu-sū** |\n| --- |\n| Alexandre de Rhodes - Robert Morrison - David Abeel - Hudson Taylor \nDorothy Stang - James Laidlaw Maxwell - George Gushue-Taylor - George Leslie Mackay -\nJohn Van Nest Talmage - William Burns - Kam-ûi-lîm (Fil) - Thomas Barclay -\nMatteo Ricci Walter Henry Medhurst - Francis Xavier - |","meta":{"title":"Dorothy Stang","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[392,3032,0.12928759894459102],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3642}} -{"text":"2003 Koaⁿ-hong Gí-giân Hoat (Éire ōe: Acht na dTeangacha Oifigiúla 2003) sī chi̍t phō keng-kòe Ài-ní-lân Oireachtas Gī-hōe só͘ thong-kòe ê hoat-lu̍t. Chit ê Hoat siá bêng kong-kiōng pō͘-mn̂g sú-iōng Éire ōe ê kui-tēng. Koh siat-li̍p Gí-giân Pān-sū Chhù (An Coimisinéir Teanga) lâi kàm-tok siāng-sî mā khak-pó kok kong-kiōng tan-ūi lóng tio̍h ài àn-chiàu Koaⁿ-hong Gí-giân Hoat ê kui-tēng.\n\nÀi-ní-lân ōe kap Eng-gí Tē-ūi Pêng-téng\n---------------------------------------\n\nKin-kù chit phō Hoat, it-poaⁿ lâi kóng, kāng-khoán ê tāi-chì, Ài-ní-lân ōe kap Eng-gí chit 2 chióng ho̍k-bū kok-ka èng-kai lóng ài thê-kiong. Ì-sù tio̍h sī kóng jīm-hô kok-ka ê bûn-kiāⁿ, tiōng-iàu ê pò-kò lóng ài ū chit 2 chióng ōe-gí ê pán-pún. Koh-lâi, mā tio̍h khak-tēng ū kàu chē lâng ē-hiáu kóng Ài-ní-lân ōe lâi tī kong-kiōng ki-koan ho̍k-bū, m̄ chiah thang lī-piān kóng Ài-ní-lân ōe ê lâng pān kong-ka ê tāi-chì.\n\nTē-hō-miâ\n---------\n\nÙi 2003 nî 10 goe̍h 30 hō khai-sí, hū-chek ê pō͘-tiúⁿ (bo̍k-chêng sī Koan-kong, Bûn-hòa, Gē-su̍t, Gaeltacht, Ūn-tōng kap Mûi-thé Pō͘ hū-chek) tio̍h chiàu Koaⁿ-hong Gí-giân Hoat ê Tē 5 Pō͘-hūn ê kui-tēng lâi kái tē-hō-miâ. In ē chiap-siū pēng-chhiáⁿ chham-khó Tē-hō-miâ Úi-oân-hōe ê kiàn-gī chiah iû pō͘-tiúⁿ lâi soan-pò͘ Tē-hō-miâ Bēng-lēng lâi kui-hoān chèng-sek ê Ài-ní-lân ōe pán-pún ê tē-hō-miâ. Che Tē-hō-miâ Bēng-lēng chú-iàu ê hoat-lu̍t éng-hióng ū ē-kha chit 2 pō͘-hūn:\n\n* Tī Gaeltacht tē-khu (chú-iàu kóng Ài-ní-lân ōe ê só͘-chāi) í-gōa ê só͘-chāi ê tē-hō-miâ, Ài-ní-lân ōe kap Eng-gí pán-pún tī hoat-lu̍t siōng ū kāng-khoán ê tē-ūi.\n\n* Tī Gaeltacht tē-khu, tī hoat-lu̍t siōng kan-ta àn-chiàu Ài-ní-lân ōe ê tē-hō-miâ, bô sú-iōng Eng-gí tē-miâ.\n\n2021 Koaⁿ-hong Gí-giân Siu-chèng Hoat\n-------------------------------------\n\nChit ê Hoat siōng chú-iàu ê bo̍k-phiau sī beh ài tī 2030 nî ū 20% ê kong-bū-oân khoeh sī khai-hòng hō͘ ē-hiáu kóng Ài-ní-lân ōe--ê. Koh chìn chi̍t pō͘ kui-tēng kok-ka chū-pún chiàm tōa ê kong-si in kóng-kò ê ū-sǹg ài khai 20% tī iōng Ài-ní-lân ōe ê soan-thoân, koh chit 20% tong-tiong ê 4 hun chi 1 ài thàu-kòe Ài-ní-lân ê mûi-thé lâi kóng-kò. Koh-lâi, mā kui-hoān kóng kong-ka tan-ūi tio̍h ài chiong lâng ê Ài-ní-lân ōe ê miâ kap chū-chí siá ho͘ tio̍h, te̍k-pia̍t sī fadas (siaⁿ-tiāu hû-hō).\n\nHoat-lu̍t Hoan-e̍k\n------------------\n\nKin-kù che 2003 Koaⁿ-hong Gí-giân Hoat ê kui-tēng, Ài-ní-lân Gī-hōe (Oireachtas) ê múi chit tiâu hoat-lu̍t lóng tio̍h ài ū koaⁿ-hong ê Éire ōe hoan-e̍k pán-pún, kap Eng-gí pán siāng-sî kong-kò. M̄-koh ū chi̍t kóa ho̍k-cha̍p ê hoat-lu̍t tiâu-bûn soah bô chiàu chit ê kui-tēng.\n\n20 Nî Bo̍k-phiau\n----------------\n\nIn-ūi chit ê hoat-àn lâi sêng-kong si-hêng (chìn-hêng), āu-lâi m̄ chiah koh ū \"Éire Ōe-gí ê 20 Nî Chhek-lio̍k: 2010-2030\", bo̍k-phiau sī ǹg-bāng kàu 2030 nî ta̍k-kang chì-chió ū 250,000 kóng Éire ōe.\n\nChham-khó Lâi-goân\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ President signs Irish language rights legislation into law - The Irish Times 2022\n2. ↑ \"Official Languages Act 2003: Amendments, Commencement, SIs made under the Act\". Irish Statute Book. Effects, \"S. 7 application restricted\" and \"S. 7 non-application of\". Retrieved 24 November 2016.\n3. ↑ Official Languages Act (Amendment) 2021 signed by the President of Ireland December 2021","meta":{"title":"2003 Koaⁿ-hong Gí-giân Hoat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[600,2951,0.20332090816672316],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3614}} -{"text":"Voyager 2 hō hip--ê\n**Enceladus**, Thó͘-chheⁿ tē 6 toā lia̍p ê oē-chheⁿ, William Herschel tī 1789 nî hoat-kiàn ê. Sui-bóng sè lia̍p, khiok-sī piáu-bīn ū bô siâng khoán ê piáu-hiān, ū í-chá lòng toā toā khang ê cheng-khut (*impact crater*), mā ū kīn-lâi siū tē-pang tín-tāng lâi chō-chiâⁿ ê sin tē-hêng. Enceladus ê lâm-ke̍k ē phùn gá-suh, piáu-bīn pí-kàu iū-koh siàu-liân-khoán, mā ū sio-khì ùi loē-pō͘ pàng chhut-lâi, tì-tio̍h bo̍k-chêng jīn-ûi sī tē-chit ū teh oa̍h-tāng ê thian-bûn-thé. Tī goā thài-iông-hē kan-taⁿ ū kî-thaⁿ 2 ê thian-bûn-thé (Bo̍k-chheⁿ ê Io kap Hái-ông-chheⁿ ê Triton) oân-ná ū koan-chhat tio̍h po̍k-hoat oa̍h-tāng. Kin-kù hun-sek, phùn--chhut-lâi ê gá-suh sī tùi piáu-bīn ē-bīn ê e̍k-thài chúi-thé lâi ê. Enceladus ê piáu-bīn khàm 1 têng ùi choâⁿ-khang kap Thó͘-chheⁿ ê E khoân lâi ê lia̍p-mi̍h (*particles*), tì-tio̍h i ū Thài-iông-hē khoàⁿ--khí-lâi siōng kim-ku̍t ê piáu-bīn.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Planetary Body Names and Discoverers. Retrieved March 22, 2006.\n2. ↑ Cassini Images Of Enceladus Suggest Geysers Erupt Liquid Water At The Moon’s South Pole. Retrieved March 22, 2006.\n3. ↑ C. C. Porco *et al.*, *Science* **311**, 1393 (2006).\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nThó͘-chheⁿ ê thian-jiân oē-chheⁿ |\n| --- |\n| |\n| *Temporary names in italics.* |\n| |\n| Ring shepherds | \n* *S/2009 S 1*\n* Propeller moonlets\n* Pan\n* Daphnis\n* Atlas\n* Prometheus\n* ?(*S/2004 S 6*\n* *S/2004 S 4*\n* *S/2004 S 3*)\n* Pandora\n\n |\n| |\n| Co-orbitals | \n* Epimetheus\n* Janus\n\n |\n| |\n| G Ring | \n* Aegaeon\n\n |\n| |\n| Mimas and Alkyonides | \n* **Mimas**\n* Methone\n* Anthe\n* Pallene\n\n |\n| |\n| Inner large (with trojans) | \n* **Enceladus**\n* **Tethys**\n\t+ Telesto\n\t+ Calypso\n* **Dione**\n\t+ Helene\n\t+ Polydeuces\n\n |\n| |\n| Outer large | \n* **Rhea**\n* **Titan**\n* Hyperion\n* **Iapetus**\n\n |\n| |\n| Inuit group | \n* Kiviuq\n* Ijiraq\n* Paaliaq\n* Siarnaq\n* Tarqeq\n\n |\n| |\n| Gallic group | \n* Albiorix\n* Bebhionn\n* Erriapus\n* Tarvos\n\n |\n| |\n| Norse group | \n* Phoebe\n* Skathi\n* *S/2007 S 2*\n* Skoll\n* *S/2004 S 13*\n* Greip\n* Hyrrokkin\n* Mundilfari\n* Jarnsaxa\n* *S/2006 S 1*\n* *S/2004 S 17*\n* Narvi\n* Bergelmir\n* Aegir\n* Suttungr\n* *S/2004 S 12*\n* Bestla\n* Farbauti\n* Hati\n* *S/2004 S 7*\n* Thrymr\n* *S/2007 S 3*\n* *S/2006 S 3*\n* Surtur\n* Kari\n* Fenrir\n* Ymir\n* Loge\n* Fornjot\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Rings of Saturn\n* Cassini–Huygens\n* Themis\n* Chiron\n* In fiction\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Enceladus (oē-chheⁿ)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[893,1805,0.49473684210526314],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2842}} -{"text":"United States Supreme Court casePang-bô͘:SHORTDESC:United States Supreme Court case \n**Schlup sòo Delo àn**, 513 U.S. 298 (1995) (Schlup v. Delo, 513 U.S. 298 (1995)), sī tsi̍t-kiānn iú-kuan hîng-sū ê àn-kiānn; tsik-sī Bí-kok tsuè-ko huat-īnn kin-kì sin-ê bô-tsuē tsìng-kì khok-tāi tiông-sin sím-lí guân-sian àn-kiānn ê lîng-li̍k.\n\nMissouri tsiu siû-huān, tio̍h-sī sió tshíng-guān-tsiá Lloyd E. Schlup, Jr. in-uī 1984-nî bôo-sat tsi̍t-miâ kiò-tsò Arthur Dade ê huān-jîn jî-lâi hông phuànn sí-hîng; Dade thê-tshut jîn-sin pó-hōo-līng tshíng-guān su, sing-tshing hiàn-huat tshò-ngōo pak-tua̍t puê-sím-thuân ê pún-lâi ē-tàng tsìng-bîng i bô-tsuē ê tsìng-kì. Huat-īnn siū-ú tiau-kuàn-līng í-lâi khó-lū Sawyer sòo Whitley àn ê piau-tsún kám ē-tàng thê-kiong sik-tòng ê pó-hōo; í-lâi hông-tsí in-uī tshú-kuat si̍t-tsè siōng bô-koo-tsiá jî-lâi tì-sú su-huat ê ngōo-phuànn.\n\nHuat-īnn ê ì-kiàn\n-----------------\n\nHuat-īnn jīn-uî Murray sòo Carrier ànê piau-tsún iau-kiû jîn-sin pó-hōo ê tshíng-kiû-jîn tsìng-bîng \"uî-huán hiàn-huat khó-lîng tì-sú tuì tsi̍t-ê si̍t-tsè siōng bô-koo ê lâng hông tīng-tsuē\", id. tē-496 ia̍h —— teh hông phuànn-tshù sí-hîng ê tshíng-guān jîn thê-tshut si̍t-tsè bô tsuē ê iau-kiû, í-lâi pī-bián tîng-sū siōng kìm-tsí khó-lū i-ê hiàn-huat iau-kiû ê huâinn-ti̍t ê sî-tsūn; jî m̄ sī koh-khah giâm-keh ê Sawyer piau-tsún, kuán-hat su-huat put-kong ê tiâu-tsa. Lē-guā tshú-kuat teh tsîng-guān jîn í khó-khò ē-sái sìn-jīmê tsìng-kì lâi tsìng-bîng ka-kī sī tshing-pi̍k ê. Uī-tio̍h buán-tsiok Murray sòo Carrier àn ê piau-tsún; tsîng-guān jîn pit-su piáu-bîng, khiā-tī sin tsìng-kì tsi-hā, puê-sím-guân tsiânn-ū khó-lîng bē lâi tīng-tsuē. Tsuè-ko huat-īnn huat-huê tiông-sím, tshâi-tīng Schlup kám ū àn-tsiàu Carrier ê iau-kiû tshut-sī tsit-ê tsìng-kì.\n\nSuà--lo̍h-lâi ê huat-tián\n-------------------------\n\nTī 1996-nî, Schlup hi̍k-tik jîn-sin pó-hōo līng-tsōng; lí-iû sī Schlup guân-lâi ê tshut-tîng tāi-lí-jîn bī-lîng tshiong-hun tāi-piáu i. Koh tī 1999-nî, Teh tiông-sím ê tē-2 kang, Schlup tông-ì sîng-jīn huān-iú 2-kip bôo-sat tsuē, tse hōo Schlup bián-phuànn sí-hîng. Sclup ê tông-àn pī-kò Robert Earl O'Neal in-uī tī 1995-nî bôo-sat Dade jî-lâi hông phuànn sí-hîng.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 *Schlup v. Delo*, 513 U.S. 298 (1995).\n2. ↑ *Sawyer v. Whitley*, 505 U.S. 333 (1992).\n3. ↑ *Murray v. Carrier*, 477 U.S. 478 (1986).\n4. ↑ \"Additional Innocence Information\". *Death Penalty Information Center*. January 5, 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"Missouri inmate executed\". *United Press International*. December 6, 1995. April 3, 2022 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 513\n* List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rehnquist Court\n* Death Penalty Information Center\n* United Press International\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Text of *Schlup v. Delo*, 513 U.S. 298 (1995) is available from: Cornell  CourtListener  Findlaw  Google Scholar  Justia  Library of Congress  Oyez (oral argument audio)","meta":{"title":"Schlup sò͘ Delo àn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1244,3368,0.3693586698337292],"infobox":["
    Schlup sòo Delo àn
    \n\"Seal
    Argued October 3, 1994
    Decided January 23, 1995
    Full case name\nLloyd Schlup, Petitioner v. Paul K. Delo, Superintendent, Potosi Correctional Center
    Citations\n513 U.S. 298 (more)
    115 S. Ct. 851; 130 L. Ed. 2d 808; 1995 U.S. LEXIS 701
    Case history
    Prior\n11 F.3d 738 (8th Cir. 1993); cert. granted, 511 U.S. 1003 (1994).
    Holding
    \nA condemned man can bypass the procedural bar on successive federal habeas corpus petitions if he shows that \"a constitutional violation has probably resulted in the conviction of one who is actually innocent\".
    Court membership
    Case opinions
    Majority\nStevens, joined by O'Connor, Souter, Ginsburg, Breyer
    Concurrence\nO'Connor
    Dissent\nRehnquist, joined by Kennedy, Thomas
    Dissent\nScalia, joined by Thomas
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3243}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Hái-gû |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Se Ìn-tō͘ hái-gû |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Mammalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Sirenia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | **Trichechidae**Gill, 1872 |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | ***Trichechus***Linnaeus, 1758 |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng |\n| *Trichechus inunguis*\n*Trichechus manatus*\n*Trichechus senegalensis* |\n\n**Hái-gû** sī 1 khoán tōa-phiāng ê hái-té chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t, sī Trichechidae-kho, *Trichechus*-sio̍k ê chéng. Hái-gû gōa-hêng chhin-chhiūⁿ jû-kùn (儒艮), cheng-chha thâu-khak-kut kah bóe-liu bô kāng hêng. Hái-gû bóe kui sìⁿ, bô chhiūⁿ jû-kùn bóe ū khui-chhe. Hái-gû chia̍h chhài, tōa pō·-hūn sî-kan tī chhián-chúi chhoē-chia̍h (thó-chia̍h).\n\nHái-gû tī Bí-chiu pak, tiong, lâm-pêng ê chhián-hái-kîⁿ làm-tē (pau-koah Carib-haí) lóng ū-tè-chhōe.\n\nChéng:\n\n* *T. senegalensis*: Hui-chiu se-hoāⁿ.\n* *T. inunguis*: Lâm Bí-chiu tang-hoāⁿ.\n* *T. manatus*: Se Ìn-tō· (Carib-hái).\n\t+ Bí-kok Florida-chiu ê chéng ū lâng jīn-ûi bô kāng chéng. ITIS jīn-ûi sio-siâng.\n\nSe Ìn-tō· chéng ū khu̍t-chéng ê gûi-ki. In tī chū-jiân-kài bô te̍k-jîn, m̄-koh in-ūi lâng ná lâi ná chē ê koan-hē, hái-kîⁿ làm-tē chió--khì; oân-ná ū chē-chē hái-gû khì hō· chûn-á ê chū-tōng chûn-poe (ia̍p-á/propeller) ká tio̍h-siong, a̍h sī kóng chia̍h-tio̍h hî-tiò-á soàⁿ, kau-á, téng-téng ê jîn-chō-bu̍t. Hî-tiò-á soàⁿ nā bô-sòe-jī thun lo̍h pak, bián lōa-kú ê sî-kan, hái-gû tō ē sí--khì.\n\nHái-gû chhiâng-chāi chū-chi̍p tī hoat-tiān-chhiáng hū-kīn ê chúi--ni̍h. In taⁿ giàn chit khoán bô chū-jiân ê un-chúi, bô chhiūⁿ í-chá ē àn-sî sóa khì thian-jiân ê sio-chúi. In-ūi Bí-kok ū-ê hoat-tiān-chhiáng tit-beh kuiⁿ-tiāu, chit-mái in hia ê Hî kap Iá-seng Tōng-bu̍t Ho̍k-bū-kio̍k mā tng-leh siūⁿ pān-hoat pó-hō a̍h-sī chhòng-chō sek-ha̍p hái-gû seng-o̍ah ê khôan-kéng, bo̍k-tek sī beh hō· hià-ê hái-gû ē-tàng éng-góan ū sio-lō ê hái-chúi thang-hó siû.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Trichechus*** |\n\n* Hái-gû? Bí-jîn-hî? Archived 2006-05-30 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Hái-gû","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[508,1842,0.2757871878393051],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2390}} -{"text":"**Jī-sò͘** sī 1 hūn bûn-kiāⁿ (*document*) lāi-té jī (*word*) ê chóng-sò͘.\n\nLō͘-ēng\n-------\n\nChin chē só͘-chāi ū hān-chè jī-sò͘ chē-chió, chhiūⁿ ha̍k-su̍t lūn-bûn, hoat-lu̍t bûn-kiāⁿ, ...\n\nBeh tō͘ phah-jī iah sī tha̍k-chheh ê sok-tō͘, jī-sò͘ chē-chió tō chin iàu-kín.\n\nKe-si\n-----\n\nChi̍t-koá bûn-su chhú-lí (*word processing*) ê nńg-thé lóng ē kah sǹg jī-sò͘ ê ke-si. Chhiūⁿ OpenOffice ê Writer ē-tit ēng menu ê *tòng-àn\\sèng-chit\\thóng-kè* lâi sǹg, Microsoft Word ē-tit ēng *menu* ê *ke-si\\jī-sò͘ thóng-kè* lâi sǹg. Tī Unix, Linux chit lūi ê hē-thóng ē-tit ēng wc lâi sǹg.\n\nÁn-choáⁿ sǹg\n------------\n\nBo̍k-tek bô kâng, jī-sò͘ ê sǹg-hoat mā bô sio-siâng. Chhiūⁿ chù-kái (*footnote*) tō ē-tàng sǹg, mā ē-tàng bô sǹg. Che tio̍h khoàⁿ nńg-thé (*software*) ê ián-soàn-hoat (*algorithm*) án-choáⁿ chhú-lí, bô kāng nńg-thé sǹg--chhut-lâi ê kiat-kó ē ū cheng-chha.\n\nIáu bô nńg-thé thang ēng chìn-chêng, Eng-gí tiāⁿ ēng 5 ê jī-goân (*character*) chò 1 jī lâi sǹg. Bûn-kiāⁿ nā sī ēng kò͘-tēng-khoah-tō͘ (*monospace*) chhiūⁿ phah-jī-ki (*typewrite*) hit khoán ê jī-thé (*font*), ēng 1 jī 5 ê jī-goân chit tiâu kui-chek, jī-sò͘ tō chin hó chat.\n\nKin-kì Tâi-gí-bûn gí-liāu-khò͘ 2005 nî 7 goe̍h ê POJ gí-liāu, phó͘-lio̍k-á ū 3,415,031 ê im-chat (*syllable*) lâi sǹg, POJ ê bûn-chiūⁿ 1 ê im-chat chha-put-to ū 5.1 ê jī-goân.\n\nKin-kì *Tâi-gí Su-bīn-gí Im-chat Sû-pîn Thóng-kè* chit ê kè-oē ê lô-má-jī chu-liāu, 3,462,367 ê im-chat chha-put-to sī 2,436,599 jī, POJ 1 jī chhat-put-to 1.42 ê im-chat, 7.2 ê jī-goân.\n\nHiān-chú-sî ê nńg-thé ē-tit lī-iōng khàng-pe̍h (*whitespace*) kap chi̍t-koá piau-tiám hû-hō chò keh-kài chū-tōng lâi sǹg jī-sò͘.\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Tâi-gí-bûn Concordance\n* Tâi-gí Su-bīn-gí Im-chat Sû-pîn Thóng-kè\n* Word Count, Character Count, and Line Count Software\n* A free web-based cut-and-paste word count JavaScript script\n* Hermetic Word Frequency Counter Windows software which counts word frequencies in a file or on the clipboard; supports multiple languages.\n* Word, sentence, paragraph, and character counting web application that is free and has no limits.\n* Free Word Counter Web Application Free web application that counts words, charters, sentences, and paragraphs.","meta":{"title":"Jī-sò͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[458,2017,0.2270699058006941],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2446}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Ka-ka-á |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Aves |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Passeriformes |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Corvidae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Dendrocitta* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***D. formosae*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Dendrocitta formosae***Swinhoe, 1863 |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Ka-ka-á** (咖咖仔，Hôa-gú Hàn-jī: 樹鵲) (Eng-gú: *Himalayan Tree Pie*, *Grey Tree Pie*; ha̍k-miâ: *Dendrocitta formosae*), Tâi-oân te̍k-iú a-chéng. Seng-oa̍h tī tiong kē hái-poa̍t ê soaⁿ-khu. Tī Gio̍k-san Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g 2,800 m hái-poa̍t ê koân-tō· bat ū chhut-hiān ê kì-lo̍k.\n\nTāi-pō·-hūn hioh-tī tōa-châng chhiū-á ê tiong-kan kap téng-koân-chàn. Poe--khí-lâi ûn-ûn-á, hui-hêng ê sî ē-tàng chheng-chhó khoàⁿ-tio̍h si̍t-á ê pe̍h-pan kap pak-tó·-io ê pe̍h-mo·.\n\nKa-ka-á kiò-siaⁿ chiâⁿ chho·, chhin-chhiūⁿ \"ka-á ka-á\" ê siaⁿ, só·-í hō-chò ka-ka-á.\n\nChhùi-hêng chho·-ióng, lio̍h-á oan-khiau. Si̍t-bu̍t lâi-goân chē, sio̍k-î cha̍p-si̍t-sèng. Kóe-chí, thâng-thōa, pâ-thiông, lióng-chhe-lūi, ah-sī chiáu-á-siū lāi-té ê chiáu-á-kiáⁿ kap nn̄g, lóng sī i ê si̍t-bu̍t.\n\nSòaⁿ-téng chu-gôan\n------------------\n\n* 還我台灣鳥仔的本名[*biân-uán bô-hāu liân-kiat*]","meta":{"title":"Ka-ka-á","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[220,1003,0.2193419740777667],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1366}} -{"text":"\n**Khe-san Hîng-lí Tôo** (hàn-gú: 谿山行旅圖) uî Tiong-kok Ngóo-tāi bua̍t Pak Sòng tshoo uē-ka Huān Khuan (范寬) ê tsok-phín; sú-iōng si-tsit ê kìn tsok-uî uē-pòo, thán-ti̍t 206.3 cm, hîng-khuah 103.3 cm. Í tshián-tām ê sik-tshái tsò ki̍k-uî tsâm-gâm kòo-tôo; huân-nā san-tshuan liû-suí, ko-san giâm-tsio̍h kai tsām-gám kau-lik, pīng-tshiánn thîng-hiān tshut li̍p-thé ê khong-kan kám; lî-tshiánn jîn-bu̍t, bé-phit iah ē-tàng teh tshùn-tshioh ki̍k-uî biáu-siáu ê hiàn-tsè tsi-hā ua̍h-lîng ua̍h-hiàn. Kì-thuân Bîng-tāi Tóng Kî-tshiong (董其昌) phîng-kè tsit-pak uē uî \"Sòng uē tē-it\" (宋畫第一). Hiān-tsú-sî siu-tsông teh Tâi-pak Kok-li̍p Kòo-kiong Phok-bu̍t-īnn.\n\nKòo-kiong sam pó\n----------------\n\nHuān Khuan \"Khe san hîng-lí tôo\" kah Kok Hi (郭熙) \"Tsó tshun tôo\" (早春圖), Lí Tông (李唐) \"Bān hok siông-hong tôo\" (萬壑松風圖) sann-kiānn siu-tsông teh Tâi-pak kok-li̍p Kòo-kiong Phok-bu̍t-īnn ê tuā-pak san-suí tsok-phín, hông ū-uî \"Kòo-kiong sam pó\" (故宮三寶).\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 《大觀：北宋書畫特展圖錄》。2006年，國立故宮博物院。 ISBN 9789575625047 (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Tsó tshun tôo (早春圖)\n* Bān hok siông-hong tôo (萬壑松風圖)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 宋西元960-1279范寬谿山行旅 (Hàn-gí)\n* 解讀范寬《谿山行旅圖》密碼（上） (Hàn-gí)\n* 與神遇：再訪范寬故里的新發現 (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Khe-san Hêng-lí Tô͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[724,1670,0.43353293413173655],"infobox":["
    Khe-san Hîng-lí Tôo
    \n\"Huān
    Gē-su̍t-ka\nHuān Khuan
    Nî\nPak Sòng（10 sè-kí bua̍t－11 sè-kí tshoo）
    Châi-liāu\nKìn
    Ūn-tōng\nSuí-ba̍k uē、San-suí uē、Kài uē
    Chhùn-chhioh\n206.3 cm × 103.3 cm (81.2 in × 40.7 in)
    Designation\nSòng Huān Khuan Khe san hîng-lí tôo tio̍k
    Só͘-chāi\n\"\" Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok (Tâi-oân) Tâi-pak Sū-lîm-khuKok-li̍p Kòo-kiong Phok-bu̍t-īnn
    Accession\n故畫00005300000
    Website\nKok-li̍p Kòo-kiong Phok-bu̍t-īnn su-uē tián-tsông tsu-liāu kiám-sok hē-thóng (國立故宮博物院書畫典藏資料檢索系統)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1435}} -{"text":"\n**Koa-á-hì**, 1-chióng iōng Bân-lâm-gí ián-chhiùⁿ ê hì-khiok, liû-hêng tī Tâi-ôan, Hok-kiàn Chiang-chiu, Ē-mn̂g kah Tang-lâm-a ê Bân-lâm-lâng siā-khu. \n\nKoa-á-hì hêng-sêng tī Tâi-ôan. Chá-kî ê hì-khek hām kó·-chá-sî Chiang-chiu chāi-tē ê bîn-kan khiok-gē \"koa-á\" (錦歌, gím-koa) koan-hē bi̍t-chhiat, khan-liân chin chhim. Hit-tong-sî liû-hêng tī Chiang-chiu, Ē-mn̂g chit-tah ê bîn-kan im-ga̍k gē-su̍t koa-á, tòe-tio̍h Tn̂g-soaⁿ-lâng î-bîn ê kha-pō·, thôan khì-kàu Tâi-ôan. Koa-á sī Kóa-á-hì siōng ki-pún ê chó·-sêng pō·-hūn. Chha-put-to tī kong-gôan 20 sè-kí chho·-kî, kóa-á-hì ùi Tâi-ôan thôan tò-tńg-khì Hok-kiàn Bân-lâm tē-khu, tit-tio̍h Chiang-chiu, Ē-mn̂g peh-sèⁿ ê hí-ài kah thiàⁿ-sioh, chiâⁿ-chòe Bân-lâm thôan-thóng tē-hng hì-khiok. Koa-á-hì tī Bân-lâm só·-chāi iū kiò-chòe \"Hiong-kio̍k\" (薌劇). Koa-á-hì ê im-ga̍k khiok-tiàu cha̍p-chiok hong-hù, ū chhit-jī-á, \"tōa-tiāu\", \"pōe-su-tiāu\", \"cha̍p-liām-tiāu\", siāng tiōng-iàu ê sī \"khàu-tiâu-á\". Che í-gōa, iū-koh khip-siu chin-chōe Tâi-ôan bîn-kan koa-iâu kah tē-hng im-ga̍k, chhin-chhiūⁿ Kheh-ka soaⁿ-koa. Koa-á-hì chú-iàu ê ián-chàu ga̍k-khì sī tōa-kóng-hiân, khak-á-hiân, Tâi-ôan phín-á kah go̍eh-khîm. Koa-á-hì ê piáu-ián, kak-sek, hì-ho̍k, hòe-chong, lô-kó·-chhim (鑼鼓鋟) téng táⁿ-kek ga̍k-khì ki-pún-siōng hām Kiaⁿ-kio̍k sio-siâng. \n\nKoa-á-hì ê ián-chhut kio̍k-bo̍k, tōa-to-sò· sī bîn-kan thôan-soat, pí-lūn-kóng *San-pek Eng-tâi*, *Tân-saⁿ Ngō·-niû* téng-téng, āu--lâi, iū-koh kái-phian chin-chōe ê Kiaⁿ-kio̍k kio̍k-bo̍k, mā cheng-ka chin-chōe Tiong-kok le̍k-sú tê-châi ê kio̍k-bo̍k.\n\nKoa-á-hì ê piáu-ián hêng-thài\n-----------------------------\n\n* Iá-tâi (goā-tâi) koa-á-hì.\n* Lāi-tâi koa-á-hì.\n* Tiān-sī koa-á-hì.\n* Tiān-iáⁿ koa-á-hì.\n* Kóng-pò· koa-á-hì.\n\n### Lo̍h-tē-sàu (落地掃) koa-á-hì\n\nGî-lân tē-khu chá-kî ê koa-á piáu-ián sī chò \"pún-tē koa-á,\" mā ū lâng kóng sī \"lāu koa-á,\" \"thoân-thóng koa-á,\" \"kū-kǹg koa-á.\" Chit chióng lo̍h-tē-sàu koa-á-hì sī khah kó͘-chá ê piáu-ián hêng-sek, lūi-sū po-koa, á-sī chhia-kó͘ sió-hì.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Koa-á-hì chu-sìn-chām\n* Tâi-oân koa-á ha̍k-hoē Archived 2003-12-04 at the Wayback Machine.\n* 台灣民間文學歌仔冊資料庫(Tâi-oân bîn-kan bûn-ha̍k koa-á-chheh chu-liāu-khò͘) Archived 2017-06-01 at the Wayback Machine. (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Koa-á-hì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[321,2205,0.145578231292517],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2558}} -{"text":"\n \n**Kok-li̍p Kim-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k** (國立金門大學) sī Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Hok-kiàn-sing Kim-mn̂g-kuān ê tsi̍t-king kok-li̍p tāi-ha̍k, uî Kim-mn̂g-kuān ê siōng-kuân ha̍k-hú. Tsiân-sin sī 1972-nî Kok-li̍p Ko-hiông kho-ha̍k ki-su̍t ha̍k-īnn (National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences) hù-siet tsuan-kho-pōo Kim-mn̂g hun-pōo. Hāu pún-pōo khiā-tī Kim-lêng-hiong, bo̍k-tsiân lóng-tsóng ū 4-ê ha̍k-īnn, 17-ê hē, 12-ê gián-kiù-sóo si̍k-sū-pan, 2-ê si̍k-sū tsāi-tsit tsuan-pan. Tsio-siu ha̍k-tsè siet-iú tāi-ha̍k-pōo, tsìn-siu-pōo, si̍k-sū-pan, si̍k-sū tsāi-tsit tsuan-pan, sán-gia̍p phok-sū-pan tíng-tíng pan-pia̍t.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"校訓、校歌 (Chinese)\". Nat'l Quemoy U. 2014-08-27 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* **National Quemoy University** tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn.\n* Kok-li̍p Kim-mn̂g tāi-ha̍k\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* ISNI: 0000 0004 0634 2415\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kok-li̍p Kim-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[484,1121,0.431757359500446],"infobox":["
    Kok-li̍p Kim-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k
    \n
    國立金門大學
    \n
    Kok-li̍p Kim-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k se hāu-mn̂g
    Hāu-hùn\nTsin-ti, li̍k-hing, kiam-siān thian-hā
    (真知、力行、兼善天下)
    Lūi-pia̍t\nkok-li̍p
    Khí-chō\n1997 nî 7 goe̍h 1 ji̍t(1997-07-01)
    Hāu-tiúⁿ\nTân Kiàn-bîn
    Só͘-chāi\n
    \"\" Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Kim-mn̂g-koān
    Bāng-chām\n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1051}} -{"text":"\n**Ukraina** (Україна *Ukrayina* Óa-im: \"*uk-la-í-nah*\"), mā thang im-e̍k chò **Ú-khek-lân** (宇克蘭), sī tang Au-chiu ê 1 ê kiōng-hô-kok. Ukraina sī Au-chiu tiong-pō͘ ê 1 ê kok-ka. Tī O͘-hái ê pak-hong; Lō͘-se-a ê sai-hong; Belarus ê lâm-hong; Pho-lân, Slovakia kap Hông-gâ-lī ê tang-hong; Romania kap Moldova ê tang-pak-hong.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nUkraina ê thó͘-tē chú-iàu sī pûi thô͘-bah ê pêng-goân kap ko-goân tē. Dniepr, Donets, Dnister, Lâm Bug chit kúi tiâu hô chhng kòe pêng-goân, lâu tùi O͘-hái, Azov-hái hit pêng khì. Tī sai-lâm-pêng Danube-hô ê saⁿ-kak-chiu sī Romania ê piⁿ-kài. Soaⁿ kan-na ū sai-pêng ê Karpat-soaⁿ (Eng-gí: *Carpathian Mountains*) kap tī Crimea Poàn-tó téng-koân ê Yaila-Dagh-soaⁿ.\n\nUkraina ū un-hô ê tāi-lio̍k-sèng khì-hāu; lâm-pō͘ Crimea hái-hoāⁿ khah sêng tē-tiong-hái-hêng ê khì-hāu. Hō͘-chúi hun-phòe bô chiâu: sai kap pak siāng chē, tang kap tang-lâm siāng chió. Koâⁿ--lâng ê un-tō͘ tùi liâng (O͘-hái hù-kīn) kàu léng (lōe-tē) lóng ū. Joa̍h--lâng ê sî lâm-pō͘ pí pa̍t-ūi ke khah joa̍h.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nUkraina-lâng chiàm jîn-kháu 75%, Lō͘-se-a-lâng 20%. Kî-thaⁿ iá-ū Romania-lâng hām Moldova-lâng (0.8%), Belarus-lâng (0.6%), Crimea Tatar (0.5%), Bulgaria-lâng (0.4%), Hông-gâ-lī-lâng, Pho-lân-lâng (0.4%), Iû-thài-lâng (0.3%). Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân sī Ukraina-gí, put-jî-kò Lō͘-se-a-gí chiâⁿ phó͘-phiàn.\n\nTang-pêng, tang-lâm ê kang-gia̍p tē-tài jîn-kháu siāng bi̍t-chi̍p; 7-siâⁿ tiàm to͘-chhī khiā-khí.\n\nUkraina Chèng-kàu (sio̍k-î Tang-hong Chèng-kàu) kap Ukraina Hi-lia̍p Thian-chú-kàu sī chú-iàu ê kàu-phài. To̍k-li̍p liáu-āu, Lō͘-se-a chhōa-thâu ê Chèng-kàu kàu-hōe cho͘-chit mā tòe leh hun-chhe, pun 1 ê Kyiv Chong-chú-kàu (Eng-gí: *Patriarchy*) chhut-lâi. Lēng-gōa koh ū chió-sò͘ ê O-khek-lân *Autocephalous* (\"Chū-thâu\") Chèng-kàu, Lô-má Thian-chú-kàu, Sin-kàu, Iû-thài-kàu, kap Islam-kàu.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nI pún-té sī So͘-liân (SSKL, Eng-gí: *Union of Soviet Socialist Republics*) se-lâm pō͘ ê 1 ê kiōng-hô-kok. Aū--lâi SSKL pang-pāi, Ukraina choaⁿ-á tī 1991 nî 8 go̍eh soan-pō͘ to̍k-li̍p. Hiān-chhú-sî sī To̍k-li̍p-kok-ka Cho͘-ha̍p (Eng-gí: *Commonwealth of Independent States*) ê sêng-ôan.\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\n2004 nî ê chóng-thóng soán-kí kiat-kó\nUkraina sī 1 ê 3-koân-hun-li̍p ê bîn-chú chèng-tī thé-chè. Chóng-thóng thê-miâ chhōa-thâu ê pō͘-tiúⁿ, chiah koh keng-kòe kok-hōe tông-ì chiah ū chún-sǹg.\n\n2004 nî ê chóng-thóng sóan-kí kiat-kó chhut-lâi liáu-āu, hoat-seng chin tōa ê cheng-gī. Khah óa Lō͘-se-a ê Viktor Yanukovich the̍h tio̍h 49.42% ê sóan-phiò, khah óa Se-hng ê hóan-tùi-phài hiō-sóan-jîn Viktor Yushchenko the̍h tio̍h 46.70%. Yushchenko m̄-sêng-jīn sóan-kí ê kiat-kó, thê-chhut chin chē chèng-kì kóng sóan-kì ū chò-khang. I ê tīn-iâⁿ hoat-tōng kûn-chiòng pau-ûi chèng-hú ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t, tī To̍k-li̍p Kóng-tiûⁿ hù-kīn. Chi-chhî-chiá kiò che hō͘-chò \"Kam-á-sek Kek-bēng\". Tang-pêng ê tē-tài tùi che put-móa, ū chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t thê-chhut tang-pêng \"chū-li̍p\" ê chú-tiuⁿ.\n\nHêng-chèng tan-ūi\n-----------------\n\nUkraina pun chò 24 ê tē-khu (hō͘-chò *oblasti*; tan-sò͘ *oblast*), 1 ê chū-chú kiōng-hô-kok (tī Crimea) kap 2 ê ū te̍k-sû hoat-tēng tē-ūi ê chhī (hō͘-chò *mista*; tan-sò͘ *misto*):\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| * Cherkasy\n* Chernihiv\n* Chernivtsi\n* Dnipropetrovs'k\n* Donets'k\n* Ivano-Frankivs'k\n* Kharkiv\n* Kherson\n* Khmel'nyts'kyy\n* Kirovohrad\n* Kyiv \\*\n* Kyiv oblast'\n* Luhans'k\n* L'viv\n | * Mykolayiv\n* Odessa\n* Poltava\n* Qırım Chū-chú Kiōng-hô-kok\n* Rivne\n* Sevastopol \\*\n* Sumy\n* Ternopil'\n* Vinnytsya\n* Volyn\n* Zakarpattya\n* Zaporizhzhya\n* Zhytomyr\n |\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Ukraina*** |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nAu-chiu ê kok-ka kap i-lāi-tē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chú-khoân kok-ka | Albania · Andorra · Armenia1 · Ò-tē-lī · Azerbaijan1 · Pak Macedonia · Belarus · Pe̍k-ní-gī · Bosnia kap Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Ku-pí-lō͘1 · Chesko · Tan-be̍h · Estonia · Hun-lân · Hoat-kok · Gruzia1 · Tek-kok · Hi-lia̍p · Hông-gâ-lī · Peng-tó · Ài-ní-lân · Í-tāi-lī · Kazakhstan1 · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lietuva · Luxembourg · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Hô-lân · Ná-ui · Pho-lân · Phû-tô-gâ · Romania · Lō͘-se-a1 · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Se-pan-gâ · Sūi-tián · Sūi-se · Thó͘-ní-kî1 · Ukraina · Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok · Vaticano | |\n| |\n| Pō͘-hūn sêng-jīn ê kok-ka | Abkhazia1 · Artsakh1 · Kosovo · Pak Ku-pí-lō͘1 · Lâm Ossetia1 · Transnistria |\n| |\n| I-lāi-tē | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tan-be̍h | Faroe Kûn-tó (kò͘-sêng-kok) |\n| |\n| Hun-lân | Åland Kûn-tó (kò͘-sêng-kok) |\n| |\n| Ná-ui | Jan Mayen ·Svalbard (Hui-kiàn-chè i-lāi-tē) |\n| |\n| Eng-kok | Akrotiri kap Dhekelia1 · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Man ·Jersey |\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ chú-khoân si̍t-thé | Au-chiu Liân-bêng  · Malta Khî-sū-thoân |\n| |\n| 1 Pō͘-hūn tī A-chiu, it-poaⁿ jīn-ûi sī Au-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 123791201\n* LCCN: n81017756\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2358 7973\n* GND: 4061496-7\n* SUDOC: 02640267X\n* BNF: cb11865672n (data)\n* HDS: 025007\n* NDL: 00573982\n* NKC: ge131211\n* BNE: XX451278\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ukraina","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2782,5832,0.4770233196159122],"infobox":["\n
    Ukraina
    Україна
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Ukraina
    \n
    kok-kî
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Ukraina
    \n
    kok-hui
    \n
    \n
    \nKok-koa: Ще не вмерла України і слава, і воля
    \"Ukraina ê êng-iāu kap chū-iû iáu-boē bia̍t-bông\"
    \n
    Siú-to͘
    kap siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī
    		\nKyiv
    Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân\nUkraina-gí
    sêng-jīn ê tē-hng gí-giân\nBelarus-gí, Bulgaria-gí, Crimea Tatar-gí, Gagauz-gí, Hi-lia̍p-gí, Hi-pek-lâi-gí, Hông-gâ-lī-gí, Pho-lân-gí, Romania-gí, Lō͘-se-a-gí, Slovak-gí, Yiddish-gí
    Chèng-hú\ntan-it-chè, poàn-chóng-thóng-chè, kiōng-hô-kok
    • chóng-thóng
    		\nVolodymyr Zelensky
    • chóng-lí
    		\nDenys Shmyhal
    • Verkhovna Rada gī-tiúⁿ
    		\nRuslan Stefanchuk
    Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘\nVerkhovna Rada
    Bīn-chek
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n603,628 km2 (233,062 sq mi) (tē 45 miâ)
    • chúi-he̍k (%)
    		\n7
    Jîn-kháu
    • 2021 nî kó͘-kè
    		\n\"Neutral41,319,838 (tē 35 miâ)
    • 2021 nî phó͘-cha
    		\n48,457,102
    • Bi̍t-tō͘
    		\n73.8/km2 (191.1/sq mi) (tē 115 miâ)
    GDP (PPP)\n2021 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Increase\"$584 cha̍p-ek (tē 48 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Increase\"$14,150 (tē 108 miâ)
    GDP (bêng-gī)\n2021 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Increase\"$184 cha̍p-ek (tē 56 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Increase\"$4,380 (tē 119 miâ)
    Gini (2019 nî)\n\"Negative 26.6
    kē
    HDI (2019 nî)\n\"Increase\" 0.779
    ko · tē 74 miâ
    Hoè-pè\nUkraina hryvnia (₴) (UAH)
    Sî-khu\nUTC+2 (EET)
    • Hā-sî-kan (DST)
    		\nUTC+3 (EEST)
    Khui-chhia hong-hiòng\niū
    Tiān-oē khu-hō\n+380
    ISO 3166 tāi-hō\nUA
    Siōng-téng domain\n.ua
    .укр
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5997}} -{"text":"\n**2020 nî Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chóng-thóng soán-kí**, he̍k-chiá **Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok tē 15 jīm chóng-thóng kah hù-chóng-thóng soán-kí**, tī 2020 nî 1 goe̍h 11 ji̍t kí-hêng, kah tē 10 kài li̍p-hoat úi-oân soán-kí tâng-chê kí-pān. Chit pái soán-kí sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok tē 7 pái chèng, hù chóng-thóng ti̍t-soán. Tòng-soán-jîn ē tī 2020 nî 5 goe̍h 20 ji̍t soan-sè chiū-chit.\n\nChit piàn soán-kí ê hāu-soán-jîn chóng-kiōng ū 3 cho͘, hun-pia̍t sī tāi-piáu Bîn-chú chìn-pō͘ Tóng beh liân-jīm ê hiān-jīm chóng-thóng Chhòa Eng-bûn kah chêng Hêng-chèng-īⁿ īⁿ-tiúⁿ Lōa Chheng-tek (ha̍p-chheng \"Eng-tek phòe\"), tāi-piáu Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng ê hiān-jīm Ko-hiông chhī-tiúⁿ Hân Kok-jû kah chêng Hêng-chèng-īⁿ īⁿ-tiúⁿ Tiuⁿ Siān-Chèng (ha̍p-chheng \"Kok-chèng phòe\"), tāi-piáu Chhin Bîn Tóng ê tóng-chú-se̍k Sòng chhó͘-jû kah chu-chhim kóng-kò-jîn Û Siong (ha̍p-chheng \"Sòng-û phòe\"). Soán-kí kiat-kó sī Eng-tek phòe teh--tio̍h 817 bān phiò, tong-soán chèng, hù chóng-thóng. Eng-tek phòe ê soán-phiò sò͘-ba̍k chhiau-kòe 2008 nî Má Eng-kiú teh--tio̍h ê 765 bān phiò, sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok tùi 1997 nî khai-hòng chóng-thóng ti̍t-soán í-lâi, siōng koân ê tit-phiò kì-lo̍k, jî-chhiáⁿ tit-phiò-lu̍t 57.13% mā-sī tē-jī koân kì-lo̍k.\n\nPōe-kéng\n--------\n\n### Tâi-oân kok-lāi chêng-hêng\n\nLōe-chèng hong-bīn, chú-chiông Chhòa Eng-bûn 2016 nî tòng-soán chóng-thóng í-lâi, Bîn-chìn Tóng ê chiok chē chèng-chhek tio̍h siū-tio̍h chit-gî kah phoe-phêng. Pí-lūn-kóng lô-ki-hoat ê siu-kái, nî-kim kái-kek, tông-sèng hun-in, lêng-goân chèng-chhek, khong-khì u-jiám, choán-hêng chèng-gī, oán-iûⁿ gû-gia̍p téng-téng ê gī-tê, lóng tùi chip-chèng-tóng ê chi-chhî-tō͘ chō-sêng hū-bīn ê éng-hióng.\n\nTī 2018 nî tē-hng siú-tiúⁿ soán-kí, Kok-bîn Tóng ê se̍k-chhù tùi goân-lâi ê 6 sek cheng-ka kàu 15 sek, kî-tiong pau-koat ti̍t-hat chhī ê Sin-pak chhī, Tâi-tiong chhī kah Ko-hiông chhī. Bîn-chìn Tóng ê se̍k-chhù kiám-chió kàu chhun 6 sek. Bû-tóng chek ê Tâi-pak chhī-tiúⁿ Koa Bûn-thiat sui-jiân liân-jīm sêng-kong, tān-sī the̍h-tio̍h phiò-sò͘ pèng-bô kah tùi-chhiú chha tsiok chē. Bîn-chìn Tóng tn̂g-kî chip-chèng ê Ko-hiông chhī tī chit-pái ê soán-kí mā ho͘ Kok-bîn Tóng ê hāu-soán-jîn Hân Kok-jû iâⁿ tio̍h sèng-lī, ē-sái kóng sī chit piān soán-kí siōng hō͘-lâng kám-kak ì-gōa ê kiat-kó. Lēng-gōa chi̍t-hong-bīn, tâng-chê kí-pān ê kong-tâu, tāi-pō͘-hūn ê tâu-phiò kiat-kó mā oân-choân hó͘-tēng Chhòa Eng-bûn chèng-hú ê si-cheng hong-hiòng.\n\n2018 nî soán tiâu Ko-hiông chhī-tiúⁿ ê Hân Kok-jû siū-tio̍h tāi-chiòng ê hoan-gêng kah chi-chhî. I mā sêng-ûi tāi-to-sò͘ mûi-thé ê pò-tō tùi-siōng. In-ūi múi chi̍t-pái Hân Kok-jû ê oa̍h-tāng lóng ū tōa-liōng sí-tiong ê chi-chhî-chiá chhut-hiān, kui-ê tiûⁿ-bīn chhiong-boán kok-chióng bē mi̍h-kiāⁿ ê lâng, chhin-chhiūⁿ iā-chhī án-ne lāu-jia̍t. Chit-khoán ê chêng-hêng hō͘-lâng kiò-chò \"Hân-liû\". M̄-koh, Hân ê chèng-kiàn kah chèng-chhek mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ siū lâng chit-gî. Pí-jū i tī soán chêng piáu-sī beh khì Thài-pêng-tó ó͘ chio̍h-iû, khí Disney lo̍k-hn̂g téng-téng, tī tòng-soán liáu-āu lóng it-ti̍t bô si̍t-hiān. Pō͘-hūn ê Ko-hiông chhī-bîn put-boán i thiàu-phiò ê hêng-ûi, mā hoat-khí pā-bián Hân Kok-jû ê hêng-tōng.\n\n### Lióng-hōaⁿ kah kok-chè hêng-sè\n\nTùi Bîn-chìn Tóng chip-chèng í-lâi, Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok tio̍h put-toān ka-kiông tùi Tâi-oân ê táⁿ-ap. Chhiú-tōaⁿ pau-koat kiám-chió lâi Tâi-oân ê koan-kong-kheh sò͘-liōng, kun-ki jiàu Tâi, cho͘-tòng Tâi-oân chham-ú Sè-kài Ōe-seng tāi-hōe téng-téng. Tī chit tōaⁿ sî-kan lāi, chóng-kiōng ū 7 ê kok-ka kah Tâi-oân toān-kau, lēng-gōa kah Tiong-kok kiàn-kau.\n\nKâng-chi̍t-ê sî-kan, Tâi-oân kah Bí-kok ê koan-hē ū siong-tong ê chìn-pō͘. Bí-kok chèng-hú tû-liáu tiông-sin Tâi-oân koan-hē-hoat kah 6 hāng pó-chèng chi-gōa, Bí-kok kok-hōe thong-kòe Kok-hông siū-khoân-hoat, Tâi-oân lú-hêng-hoat, 2018 A-chiu cài-pó-chèng-hoat, 2019 Tâi-oân pó-chèng-hoat. Bí-kok mā tî-siok mē bú-khì hō͘ Tâi-oân, jî-chhiáⁿ khok-tāi siang-hong kun-sū jîn-oân kau-liû. Tâi-oân chèng-hú hū-chek chhú-lí iú-koan Bí-kok sū-bū ê ki-kò͘ mā kái-miâ chò \"Tâi-oân Bí-kok sū-bū úi-oân-hōe\".\n\n2019 nî 1 goe̍h, Tiong-kiōng tiong-iong chóng-su-kì Si̍p Kīn-pêng tī Kò Tâi-oân tông-pau su hoat-piáu 40 chiu-nî kì-liām-hōe tang-tiong thê-chhut pau-koat kian-chhî \"chi̍t-ê Tiong-kok goân-chek\", thàm-soh it-kok lióng-chè Tâi-oân hong-àn téng-téng 5 hāng tùi Tâi chèng-chhek, mā tiông-sin bô hòng-khì tùi Tâi-oân sú-iōng bú-le̍k. Chhòa Eng-bûn má-siōng hôe-èng Tâi-oân hoán-tùi it-kok lióng-chè.\n\n2019 nî 6 goe̍h khai-sí, tī Hiong-káng hoat-seng ê hoán-sàng-tiong ūn-tōng ín-khí tio̍h Tâi-oân jîn-bîn tùi it-kok lióng-chè ê put-an chêng-sū. Chhòa Eng-bûn hoán-tùi it-kok lióng-chè ê thāi-tō͘ hō͘ i chi-chhî-tō͘ thu̍t-jiân giâ-koân, mā tì-sú i tī Bîn-chìn Tóng ê chho͘-soán sèng-lī, tit-tio̍h Bîn-chìn Tóng ê thê-miâ. Lēng-gōa chi̍t hong-bīn, Kok-bîn Tóng hāu-soán-jîn Hân Kok-jû tùi Hiong-káng ê sū-kiāⁿ chhái-chhú khah ài-māi ê thāi-tō͘, jî-chhiáⁿ i tī hóng-mn̄g Tiong-kok kî-kan, kah Hiong-káng te̍k-siú Lîm-tēⁿ Goa̍t-ngô͘, Ò-mn̂g te̍k-siú Chhui Sè-an, Hiong-káng tiong-liân-pān chú-jīm Ông Chì-Bêng, Ò-mn̂g tiong-liân-pān chú-jīm Pò͘ Chū-èng, Kok-tâi-pān chú-jīm Lâu Kiat-it téng-téng ê koaⁿ-oân kìⁿ-bīn, tông-sî piáu-sī ka-kī chi-chhî Kiú-jī kiōng-sek.\n\n2019 nî 11 goe̍h té, chū-chheng Tiong-kiōng kàn-tia̍p ê Ông Le̍k-kiông tī Ò-chiu chiap-siū mûi-thé hóng-mn̄g, soan-chheng tī 2018 nî soán-kí tang-tiong, Hân Kok-jû bat siu Tiong-kiōng chèng-hú 2000 bān jîn-bîn-pè ê chèng-tī hiàn-kim. I mā piáu-sī Tiong-kok chèng-hú ǹg-bāng Chhòa Eng-bûn lo̍k-soán, só͘-í ū kài-ji̍p 2020 nî soán-kí ê hêng-ûi. Tiong-kok Siōng-hái-chhī Kong-an-kio̍k hoat-pò͘  thong-pò, kóng Ông Le̍k-kiông m̄-sī kàn-tia̍p, sī chi̍t-ê sia̍p-hiâm chà-khi ê tô-hoān.\n\nChho͘-soán\n----------\n\nSoán-kí kòe-thêng\n-----------------\n\n### Tōa tāi-chì\n\n### Chèng-kiàn hoat-piáu-hōe\n\n### Piàn-lūn\n\nBîn-tiāu\n--------\n\nSoán-kí kiat-kó\n---------------\n\nKok-kài hoán-èng\n----------------\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 台灣大選結果出爐：蔡英文獲超過八百萬票，創總統直選史上新高. 端傳媒. 2020-01-11 [2020-01-12]\n2. ↑ 嘉鴻. 台灣選舉：2018「九合一」 民進黨大敗 國民黨拿下逾三分之二地方席位. BBC. 2018-11-24. 2020-3-7 khòaⁿ--ê\n3. ↑ 柯文哲險勝丁守中 台北市長選舉恐有延長賽. Tiong-iong Siā. 2018-11-25. 2020-3-7 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ 韓國瑜拿下89萬2545票 勝陳其邁15萬票. Chū-iû Sî-pò. 2018-11-25. 2020-3-7 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ 韓國瑜在高雄市意外刮起一股風潮. Now sin-bûn. 2018-11-24. 2020-3-7 khòaⁿ--ê\n6. ↑ 李順德. 新新聞》七件公投案過關，重挫民進黨政府. 2018-11-28.\n7. ↑ 孔德廉, 嚴文廷. 反論述、反菁英、接地氣，「韓流」是怎麼捲起的？. 報導者. 2018-11-24.\n8. ↑ 被批未編太平島挖石油預算 韓國瑜反問挖石油誰說的[影]. 中央通訊社. 2019-9-23.\n9. ↑ 協助就學就業創業 韓國瑜承諾設青年局. 中央通訊社. 2018-12-20.\n10. ↑ 公民團體發起罷韓 3萬份提議書送抵中選會. 中央社. 2019-12-26.\n11. ↑ 暫停陸客來台自由行 學者：與反送中及大選有關. 中央社. 2019-7-31.\n12. ↑ 李宗憲. 台灣自由行禁令：中國對台施壓如何影響兩岸關係. 2019-8-2.\n13. ↑ 中共軍機頻繞台 陸委會：破壞台海和平. 中央社. 2018-5-11.\n14. ↑ WHA報名截止 中國施壓下台灣3度未獲邀請函. 中央社. 2019-5-7.\n15. ↑ 《告台灣同胞書》發表40周年紀念會在京隆重舉行 習近平出席紀念會並發表重要講話. 新華網. 2019-1-2.\n16. ↑ 總統針對中國國家主席習近平發表《告臺灣同胞書》40週年紀念談話說明我政府立場. 中華民國總統府. 2019-01-02.\n17. ↑ 鄭仲嵐. 香港「反送中」抗議：藍綠說法如何影響台灣總統大選走向. BBC. 2019-11-16.\n18. ↑ 韓國瑜會劉結一 稱九二共識是兩岸定海神針. 中央社. 2019-03-25. [2020-03-08]\n19. ↑ 'Chinese spy' seeking asylum in Australia - reports. BBC news. 2019-11-23. [2020-03-08]\n20. ↑ 上海公安机关：外媒报道的所谓\"中国特工\"王立强系涉案在逃人员. 新华网. 2019-11-23. [2020-03-08]\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân chóng-thóng soán-kí |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n* 1954 nî\n* 1960 nî\n* 1966 nî\n* 1972 nî\n* 1978 nî\n* 1984 nî\n* 1990 nî\n* 1996 nî\n* 2000 nî\n* 2004 nî\n* 2008 nî\n* 2012 nî\n* 2016 nî\n* 2020 nî\n* *2024 nî*\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"2020 nî Tâi-oân chóng-thóng sóan-kí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2235,7993,0.2796196672088077],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    2020 nî Tâi-oân chóng-thóng sóan-kí
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    2016 nî ←
    		2020 nî 1 goe̍h 11 ji̍t→ 2024 nî
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    chù-chheh soán-bîn19,311,105
    tâu-phiò-lu̍t74.9%\n

    \"Increase\" 8.6 pp

     
    Thê-miâ-chiáChhoà Eng-bûn Hân Kok-jûSòng Chhó͘-jû
    Chèng-tóngBîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ TóngTiong-kok Kok-bîn TóngChhin Bîn Tóng
    Hù-chhiúLōa Chheng-tek
    (Bîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng)    		Tiuⁿ Siān-chèng
    (Bô tóng-che̍k)    		Û Siong
    (Bô tóng-che̍k)
    Bîn-soán tek-phiò8,170,2315,522,119608,590
    Tek-phiò-lu̍t57.1%38.6%4.3%
    \n

      Chhoà Eng-bûn léng-sian
    \n
      Hân Kok-jû léng-sian
    \n\n\n\n
    chóng-thóng
    \n

    Chhoà Eng-bûn
    \nBîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng

    		Tòng-soán chóng-thóng
    \n

    Chhoà Eng-bûn
    \nBîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng

    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8697}} -{"text":"\n**Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o** (Gikuyu ê ōe kóng: [ᵑɡoɣe wá ðiɔŋɔ]; 1938 nî Chiaⁿ--goe̍h chhe 5 tī **James Ngugi** chhut-sì) sī chi̍t ūi Kenya ê chok-ka, mā sī ha̍k-chiá. I chá-chêng iōng Eng-gí siá-chok, chit-má ê chok-phín chú-iàu sī iōng Gikuyu ōe siá. Lâng kóng i í-keng sǹg sī \"Tang Hui-chiu siáu-soat ka ê sian-hong\". I só͘ siá ê tù-chok pau-koat siáu-soat, hì-chhut, té phiⁿ kò͘-sū kap sòaⁿ-bûn. Ū siá bûn-ha̍k, siā-hōe phêng-lūn koh mā ū gín-á chheh. I chhòng-pān Gikuyu bûn ê kî-khan hō-chò Mũtĩiri, siāng-sî mā tī tang-tiong chò phian-chi̍p. I siá ê té phiⁿ kò͘-sū *Kek-bēng Khiā Ho͘ Thēng: A̍h-sī Kóng Lâng Kiâⁿ-lō͘ Án-chóaⁿ Tio̍h Ài Khiā Ho͘ Thēng* tī choân sè-kài hō͘-lâng hoan-e̍k chò 100 chióng bô-kâng ōe-gí ê pán-pún.\n\nTī 1977 nî, Ngũgĩ ūi tio̍h beh chiong hì-kio̍k hòa ê kòe-têng ùi i só͘ jīn-ûi ê hit chióng \"chu-sán kai-kip ê kàu-io̍k hē-thóng\" tang-tiong ka tháu-pàng chhut-lâi, i khai-sí tī in ka-tī ê Kenya chhòng chi̍t khoán sin hì-kio̍k lâi kó͘-lē lâng ē chū-tōng chū-hoat khì khòaⁿ piáu-ián. I che kè-ōe tio̍h sī beh hō͘ lâng thang chai-iáⁿ kóng hì-kio̍k hòa ê kòe-têng lāi-té sī teh \"bē siáⁿ-mi̍h io̍h\". Ngũgĩ i mā jīn-ûi mài ū \"ē kā lâng keh-khui ê kòe-têng, he ē chè-chō chi̍t phoe chhut-miâ ê ián-oân kap chi̍t tōa tīn bô kò-jîn siūⁿ-hoat, chin hèng miâ-chheⁿ ê mê-chiòng\", in-ūi án-ne bē hō͘ \"it-poaⁿ lâng\" kám-kak chhù-bī. I hit chhut kap Ngũgĩ wa Mirii ha̍p-chok chò-hóe siá ê, siāng ū tāi-piáu sèng ê hì-chhut *Ngaahika Ndeenda* sui-jiân sêng-kong ū hō͘ i thàn chîⁿ, m̄-koh ián liáu kòe 6 lé-pài sûi tio̍h hō͘ Kenya choan-chè ê chèng-hú kìm-chí.\n\nChiap-sòa Ngũgĩ chū-án-ne chē-kaⁿ chi̍t tang gōa. Kok-chè Chōe-kò Sià-bián Cho͘-chit jīn-ûi chit ê gē-su̍t ka sī liông-sim hoān. I chhut kaⁿ liáu tō cháu lī-khui Kenya. Chit-má i chiâⁿ-chò Chhut-chiòng Kàu-siū tī Bí-kok ê Ka-chiu Tāi-ha̍k Irvien Hun-hāu ê Eng-gí kap Pí-kàu Bûn-ha̍k Hē kà chheh. Chìn-chêng i mā bat tī Sai Pak Tāi-ha̍k, Yale Tāi-ha̍k, kap Niú-iok Tāi-ha̍k kà kòe. Ngũgĩ i sî-siông hō͘-lâng jīn-ûi ē tek tio̍h Nobel Bûn-ha̍k Chióng. Tī 2001 nî i tī Italy the̍h tio̍h Kok-chè Nonino Chióng. Koh tī 2016 nî the̍h tio̍h Park Kyong-ni Chióng. In ê gín-á ū 2 ūi mā sī chok-ka, in miâ hō-chò Mũkoma wa Ngũgĩ kap Wanjiku wa Ngũgĩ.\n\nJîn-seng Kò͘-sū\n---------------\n\n### Kái miâ, lí-sióng kap kàu-ha̍k\n\n1967 nî Ngũgĩ i só͘ siá ê siáu-soat *A Grain of Wheat* piáu-hiān chhut i ūi Fanon chú-gī kap Marx chú-gī chàn-siaⁿ; kāng hit nî, i mā khai-sí tī Nairobi Tāi-ha̍k chò kàu-siū kà Eng-kok bûn-ha̍k. I kè-sio̍k tī tāi-ha̍k kà chheh kà 10 tang, tiong-kan mā tī Makerere chò su-siá chhòng-chok ê Gián-kiù Oân. Kî-tiong i mā bat ū 1 tang tī Sai Pak Tāi-ha̍k ê Eng-kok kap Hui-chiu Gián-kiù Hē kheh-chō kà khò. Āu-lâi i tō hòng-khì iōng Eng-gí siá-chok, mā hòng-khì hit ê hō-chò James Ngugi, sit-bîn chú-gī chiá ê miâ; kàu 1970 nî i kā i ê miâ kái chò **Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o**, khai-sí iōng i ê bó-gí Gikuyu ōe lâi siá-chok.\n\nChham-khó Lâi-goân\n------------------\n\n1. 1 2 3 Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, *Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature*, 1994, pp. 57–59.\n2. ↑ \"Committee for the Release of Political Prisoners in Kenya Collection: 1975-1998\". George Padmore Institute. 13 May 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ Evan Mwangi, \"Despite the Criticism, Ngugi is 'Still Best Writer. AllAfrica, 8 November 2010.\n4. ↑ Page, Benedicte, \"Kenyan author sweeps in as late favourite in Nobel prize for literature\", *The Guardian*, 5 October 2010.\n5. ↑ Provost, Claire, \"Ngugi wa Thiong'o: a major storyteller with a resonant development message\", *The Guardian*, 6 October 2010.\n6. ↑ \"MUKOMA WA NGUGI\". *MUKOMA WA NGUGI*.\n7. ↑ \"A Family Affair at Calabash: Lit Fest hosts First Family of Kenyan Letters\". *Jamaica Observer*. 18 May 2014. goân-loē-iông tī 17 April 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. 4 April 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter `|url-status=` ignored (help)\n8. ↑ Baraka, Carey (13 June 2023). \"Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o: three days with a giant of African literature\". *The Guardian*.\n9. ↑ Brown, David Maughan (1979). \"Reviewed Work(s): *The Emergence of African Fiction* by Charles R. Larson\". *English in Africa*. **6** (1): 91–96. JSTOR 40238451.\n10. ↑ \"Ngugi wa Thiong'o (b. James Ngugi, 1938)\". *Craig White's Literature Courses*. goân-loē-iông tī 2013-12-09 hőng khó͘-pih.  Unknown parameter `|url-status=` ignored (help)","meta":{"title":"Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1408,4184,0.3365200764818356],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o
    Chhut-sìJames Ngugi
    (1938-01-05) 5 January 1938 (age 85)
    Kamiriithu, Kenya Colony (present day Kiambu County, Kenya)
    Chit-gia̍pChok-ka
    Ōe-gíEng-gí, Kikuyu
    Kàu-io̍kMakerere Tāi-ha̍k (BA)
    Leeds Tāi-ha̍k
    Khan-chhiúNjeeri
    Kiáⁿ-jîMũkoma, Wanjiku téng-téng
    Bāng-chām
    Official website
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4738}} -{"text":"\n**Ka-ip hîng-siān thuân** (hàn-gú: 嘉邑行善團; ing-gú: Chiayi Charitable Organization), tsuân-tshing Siā-thuân huat-jîn Ka-gī tshī Ka-ip hîng-siān thuân (社團法人嘉義市嘉邑行善團). Tī 1965-nî iû Hô Bîng-tik (何明德) sóo tshòng-pān, sī Tâi-uân Ka-gī tshī tsi̍t-ê í tsō-kiô phoo-lōo uî-tsú ê siā-huē kong-ik thuân-thé. Teh bô tsìng-hú ū-sǹg ê tsi-uān tsi hā, tsì 2021-nî 10-gue̍huî-tsí í-king hing-kiàn 620 tsō kiô, tsú-iàu khiā tī suann-khu kah phian-hiong tē-khu, tsō-hok bîn-tsiòng. 2010-nî i-ê siān-hîng hōo Tiong-hua bîn-kok tsóng-thóng Má Ing-kiú tsán-ū uî \"M̄-nā sī Tâi-uân tsi kong, kìng-ka sī sè-kài ê kî-tsik\".\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"嘉邑造橋鋪路 總統：世界奇蹟\". *人間福報*. 2010-07-25. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2018-02-05. 2010-10-16 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* 921 tōa tē-tāng (九二一大地震/921 tuā tē-tāng)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Ka-gī tshī Ka-ip hîng-siān thuân thâu-ia̍h (嘉義市嘉邑行善團首頁) (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Ka-ip hêng-siān thoân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[476,1105,0.4307692307692308],"infobox":["
    Ka-ip hîng-siān thuân
    Formation\n1965 sîng-li̍p
    1998年3月23日 li̍p-àn
    Founder\nHô Bîng-tik (何明德)
    Location\n
    Website\nwww.chiayidogood.org/index
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1048}} -{"text":"AUV REMUS (thâu-tsîng) ham Seafox (āu-piah)\nUUV\nUUV (AUV) der Seahorse-Klasse\nATLAS Seafox-1, ein militärisches ROV für die Beseitigung von Seeminen\n**Bô-jîn tsuí-hā tsài-kū** (ing-gú: unmanned underwater vehicles (**UUV**), mā kiò-tsò **bô-jîn tsiâm-hâng-khì** hi̍k-tsiá **tsuí-hā bô-jîn-ki** (underwater drones)) huān-tsí teh tsuí-bīn hā ê bô-jîn kà-sú tsài-kū. Tsú-iàu ē-tàng hun-tsò nn̄g-tuā luī, it-luī sī su-iàu jîn-luī tshau-tsok ê \"iâu-khòng tsiâm-tsuí-khì\" (remotely operated underwater vehicles, ROVs), ROV sú-iōng tsi̍t-tiâu pau-kó ū tâng-suànn kah kong-tshiam êk kè-sîn (tether) kah kang-tsok bó-tsûn liân-tsiap; tshau-tsok-tsiá ē-tàng tsik-sî thuân-tē bīng-līng hōo tsài-kū. Līng-guā tsi̍t-luī sī bô kè-sîn, ē-tàng to̍k-li̍p i-tsiàu sū-tsîng ê siat-tīng kang-tsok, bô su-iàu jîn-luī iâu-khòng ê \"tsū-tsú tsuí-hā tsài-kū\" (autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs)); koh-lâi AUV sio̍k-î ke-khì-lâng ê tsi̍t-tsióng. Bo̍k-tsiân siong-gia̍p siōng kóng-huàn sú-iōng ê sī ROV, AUV tuā-to-sòo iōng teh kho-ha̍k gián-kiù kah kun-sū hong-bīn.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Spies Target Underwater Drone Fleet: Report\". *ABC News*. 27 October 2011. 11 April 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ \"Autonomous Underwater Vehicles | AUV Technology | Underwater Gliders\". *Unmanned Systems Technology* (ēng Eng-gí). 2021-11-04 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Elbit Systems\n* Elbit Skylark\n* Elbit Hermes 900\n* Elbit Hermes 450\n* E-LynX\n* Silver Marlin\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Russia Says It's Working on a Drone That Can Imitate Any Submarine - *The Surrogat* - Saint\n* TWINBOT project\n* GIRONA500","meta":{"title":"Bô-jîn chuí-hā chài-kū","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[391,1428,0.27380952380952384],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1721}} -{"text":"**Bāng-chì** (**blog**) sī chi̍t-chióng bāng-lō· mûi-thé ê hêng-sek. Tián-hêng ê bāng-chì sī 1-ê chia̍p-chia̍p keng-sin ê bāng-chām. I ê lōe-iông it-poaⁿ chiam-tùi kî-thaⁿ ê bāng-chām ê bûn-chiuⁿ, siau-sit, a̍h-sī chu-gôan chò siāu-kài a̍h-sī phêng-lūn. Àn-chiáu thôan-thóng, siōng sin ê bûn-chiuⁿ hē bāng-ia̍h siōng téng-kôan, khah kū ê bûn-chiuⁿ àn-chiàu ji̍t-kî, tê-bo̍k siu khì tī chhng-khò·. Bāng-chì ê chú-tê chē-chē khóan.\n\nBāng-chì chit-sû kap Eng-bûn ê *weblog*, *blog* pêng-hêng sú-iōng, ē-sái tòng-chò sī tông-gī-sû. It-poaⁿ jīn-ûi siōng tāi-seng iōng *weblog* chit sû--ê sī Jorn Barger, tī 1997 nî, 12-go̍eh. *Bāng-chì* chit sû tùi 2003 nî, 5-go̍eh Tâi-gí-bûn Weblog Tiong-sim Archived 2005-02-08 at the Wayback Machine. siat-chām liáu-āu khai-sí chhut-hiān.\n\nBāng-chì ê lūi-pia̍t\n--------------------\n\nBlog ē-sái chí kò-jîn-te̍k--ê bāng-chì. Chit-khóan bāng-chì bē-su thôan-thóng ê ji̍t-chì, thê-kiong chok-chiá khong-kan siá chhut i ê sim-siaⁿ, pau-koat i tùi ji̍t-siông seng-oa̍h ê koan-chhat kap siūⁿ-hoat, i ê khi-mó·-chih, gē-su̍t chhòng-chok, téng-téng. Blog ê chok-chiá ē-tàng 1-ê í-siōng, khó-pí kóng ka-têng 1-ke-hóe a̍h-sī pêng-iú ê kho·-á. Tōa-pō·-hūn ê blog khai-hòng hō· lâng lâu oē hôe-èng. Kiàn-nā lāu-jia̍t--khí-lâi, chiâⁿ-chò 1-ê kò·-tēng ê thó-lūn kho·-á, bûn-chiūⁿ pún-sin pìⁿ-chiâⁿ thó-lūn ê chhut-hoat-tiám nā-niā.\n\nBlog ê chú-tê a̍h-sī bo̍k-tek bān-bān chióng. Bē-chió blog hèng hoat-piáu tùi chú-liû chèng-tī, bûn-hòa, a̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ kong-kiōng sū-bū ê koan-chhat a̍h-sī phêng-lūn. Tâi-oân ê TWblog.net Archived 2004-11-16 at the Wayback Machine. sī 1-ê lē.\n\nMoblog sī *mobile* kap *blog* ê ha̍p-sû, sī thàu-kòe hêng-tōng tiān-ōe (chhiú-ki-á) hoat siau-sit, tah siòng ê bāng-chì.\n\nBāng-chì ê ke-si kap kho-ki\n---------------------------\n\nChoan-bûn ūi blog iōng-chiá siat-kè ê nńg-thé ná lâi ná chē. Hiān-tāi ê blog nńg-thé bô iau-kiû ē-hiáu jīm-hô tiān-náu gí-giân (pau-koat HTML). Tùi pian-chip, chhut-pán kàu kóan-lí hôe-èng bûn, thui-siau bûn-chiuⁿ, lóng pau-hâm chāi-lāi.\n\nIn-ūi bāng-chì kiông-tiāu sî-kan-sèng, pō·-hūn nńg-thé ē tiàm bāng-chām hián-sī go̍eh-thiah-á a̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ chéng-lí kū bûn-chiuⁿ ê hoat-tō·.\n\nŪi beh hong-piān blog sio tùi-ōe, Movable Type ê siat-kè-jîn hoat-bêng \"khan-tńg--lâi\" (trackback) ê ki-chè, hoat-piáu tī 2002 nî.\n\nBlog ê lōe-iông mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ iōng RSS, Atom ê XML chu-liāu kek-sek chhut-pán. Chit-khóan tóng-àn hong-piān chām-gōa ê ke-khì kái-tha̍k kap hián-sī siōng sin ê lōe-iông (\"liân-pò·\", *syndication*). Mā ū bāng-chām choan-bûn teng-kì, siu-chi̍p, chéng-lí, kap hián-sī tùi chē-chē só·-chāi lia̍h--lâi ê tóng-àn.\n\nHō-ló-ōe bāng-chì ê le̍k-sú\n---------------------------\n\n2003 nî 5-go̍eh chiah chhut-hiān iōng choan-gia̍p bāng-chì nńg-thé chhut-pán ê Hō-ló-gí bāng-chì: Tâi-gí-bûn Weblog Tiong-sim (pian-bé iōng Bān-kok-bé) kap Taiwanese Blog (iōng Taiwanese Package). Chìn-chêng sui-bóng í-keng ū lūi-sū ê bāng-chām tī--leh (chhin-chhiūⁿ Tâi-oân Bûn-ha̍k Kang-chok-sek, Àm-kong-chiáu ê Chhù), khiok-sī bô iōng bāng-chì nńg-thé pian-chip, chhut-pán; hū-chek-jîn mā bô jīn-ūi in ê bāng-chām hō·-chò bāng-chì.\n\nChām-gōa chu-gôan\n-----------------\n\n* Moblogging.org Archived 2004-11-17 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Archive.org pó-chûn ê kū pán Tâi-gí-bûn Weblog Tiong-sim\n* 'Blog' tī 線頂字典排第一名\n* Introduction to Blogging[*biân-uán bô-hāu liân-kiat*]","meta":{"title":"Bāng-chì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[180,3197,0.05630278385986863],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3779}} -{"text":"Eng-gí sī Sai German gí-giân ê chi̍t hūn-chú. Goân-thâu chú-iàu sī German-lâng ji̍p Britain ê sî-chūn chah--ji̍p-khì ê Anglo-Frisii-hē kok khoán hong-giân. Hia-ê German-lâng, goân-sin chú-iàu sī khiā tī kin-á-ji̍t Tek-kok ê sai-pak kiam Kē-tē-kok tē-khu.\n\nKhí-seng, Kó͘ Eng-gí hâm chin choē hun-soàⁿ ê khiuⁿ-kháu, liû-thong tī hit chūn Eng-lân tē-hng ê chiòng Anglo-Saxon ông-kok. Āu--lâi, kî-tiong ê Āu-kî Sai Saxon hong-giân (*Late West Saxon*) ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á pìⁿ chò chú-liû.\n\nGoân-pún ê Kó͘ Eng-gí koh tī 8, 9 sè-kí ê sî-chūn, siū tio̍h tùi Scandinavia lâi cheng-ho̍k ê bîn-chok só͘ kóng ê Pak German gí-giân éng-hióng. Kàu 11 sè-kí, sio̍k Romance gí-giân ê Kó͘ Norman-gí, mā tī Norman lâng thóng-tī Eng-lân ê sî-chūn éng-hióng Eng-gí.\n\nSiū Scandinavia-lâng ê éng-hióng, Eng-gí ê gí-hoat piàn khah tan-sûn, sû-lūi piàn hong-hù. Norman-lân ê thóng-tī, koh hō͘ Eng-gí ka-thiam chin choē sio̍k La-teng-hē ê Romance gí-giân sû-lūi, te̍k-pia̍t sī koaⁿ-hú ê iōng-gí.\n\nSî-tāi hun-tōaⁿ\n---------------\n\nEng-gí ê hoat-tián le̍k-sú ē-tàng hun 3-ê chú-iàu sî-tāi, Kó͘ Eng-gí sī chha-put-to kong-goân 1100 nî í-chêng; Tiong-kó͘ Eng-gí (*Middle English*) s tāi-khài 1100 nî kàu 1500 nî; Kīn-tāi Eng-gí (*Modern English*) sī tāi-khài 1500 nî í-āu. Kīn-tāi Eng-gí ē-tàng koh hun chò Chá-kî kap Boán-kî, kài-sòaⁿ siat tī 1700 nî chó-iū.\n\nGoân-chho͘ Eng-gí\n-----------------\n\nGerman-lâng ê gí-giân sī Eng-gí khí-sian ê goân-thâu, ki-tiong pâu-koat liáu Angle-lâng, Saxon-lâng, Frisii-lâng kap Jute-lâng, lēng-gōa mā khó-lêng ū Frank-lâng. Tī chia-ê German-lâng khì kàu Britain í-chêng, in chiū í-keng tùi Lia̍p-teng-gí lāi-bīn o̍h liáu chin chē ēng-gí, phì-jû \"wine\" (phû-tô-chiú), \"cup\" (poe-á), \"bishop\" (chú-kàu) téng-téng.\n\nKó͘ Eng-gí\n----------\n\nIt-poan sǹg kong-goân 449 ní German pō͘-lo̍k khai-sí ji̍p-chhim Britain tē-hng.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Terttu Nevalainen (2006). *An Introduction to Early Modern English*. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1523-7.\n2. ↑ Baugh, Albert C.; Cable, Thomas (2002). *A History of the English Language* (Tē-5 pán.). Routledge. ISBN 0-203-99463-9.","meta":{"title":"Eng-gí ê le̍k-sú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[212,1938,0.10939112487100103],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2314}} -{"text":"**PTT** chú-chām ê teng-ji̍p ōe-bīn (2007 nî 7 goa̍h 29 hō êng-bō͘ liap-iáⁿ ê tô͘)\n**Phi-thek-thek Si̍t-gia̍p-hong** (批踢踢實業坊), he̍k-chiá **PTT**, sī chi̍t ê BBS, í ha̍k-su̍t sèng-chit ûi bo̍k-tek, tī bāng-lō͘ téng thê-kiong giân-lūn khong-kan. PTT bo̍k-chiân sī iû Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k ê Tiān-chú Pò͘-kò-lân Hē-thóng Gián-kiù-siā (電子佈告欄系統研究社) koán-lí, toā-pō͘-hūn ê hē-thóng goân-tāi-bé bo̍k-chiân sī iû Chu-sìn Kang-têng Ha̍k-hē ê ha̍k-seng kap hāu-iú chìn-hêng î-hō͘, pēng iau-chhiáⁿ hoat-lu̍t choan-gia̍p jîn-sū tam-jīm hoat-lu̍t kò͘-būn. I ū nn̄g ê hun-chām, **Phi-thek-thek Thò͘** (批踢踢兔) kap **Phi-thek-thek Som** (批踢踢參). Bo̍k-chiân tī Phi-thek-thek Si̍t-gia̍p-hong kap Phi-thek-thek Thò͘ téng ê chù-chheh jîn-sò͘ lóng-chóng tāi-iok ū 150-bān lâng; tī chiam-hong sî-toāⁿ nn̄g chām ū chhiau-kòe 15-bān ūi sú-iōng-chiá kāng sî-kan chiūⁿ-soàⁿ, ióng-iú chhiau-kòe 2-bān ê bô-kāng chú-tê ê khan-páng, ta̍k-kang chhiau-kòe 2-bān phiⁿ sin bûn-chiuⁿ kap 50-bān chek thui-bûn pī hoat-piáu.","meta":{"title":"PTT","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1004,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1157}} -{"text":"\n***Casablanca*** sī chi̍t-chhut 1942 nî Bí-kok ê lōng-bān chêng-chat-tek iáⁿ-hì. Tō-ián sī Michael Curtiz. Chú-iàu ián-oân ū Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman kap Paul Henreid, kî-thaⁿ koh ū Claude Rains, Conrad Veidt, Sydney Greenstreet kap Peter Lorre. Chit-phìⁿ tī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn oân-sêng. Kò͘-sū siōng chú-iàu sī teh kóng chi̍t-ê lâm-chú lāi-sim chêng-ài kap tō-tek ê kau-chiàn. I pit-su soán-tek i-ê kiū-chêng, ia̍h-sī pang-chō͘ chit-ê ko͘-niû kap in Československo-kok Tí-khòng Phài ê ang-sài tô-thoat Vichy Chèng-hú khòng-chè ê Morocco ê Casablanca chhī lâi kè-sio̍k tí-khòng Nazi.\n\nSui-bóng chit-phìⁿ sī cheng-soán iáⁿ-hì, ián-oân kap hì-bûn chok-chiá chhin-chhiūⁿ Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein kap Howard Koch téng-téng mā lóng-sī hit-tang-sî siōng ū miâ-siaⁿ ê hì-hó͘, khí-thâu hì-pan lāi-té bô-lâng lia̍h-chún *Casablanca* ē chiâⁿ-mi̍h. I mā put-kò sī Hollywood pah-pah-iūⁿ iáⁿ-hì ê kî-tiong chi̍t-chhut niâ-tiāⁿ. Tùi-chiò chit-chhut iáⁿ-hì chhut-hì chìn-chêng bô-lâng koan-sim ê chêng-hêng, i khai-ián to̍h put-chí-á sêng-kong. I mā thàn Khè-bêng-kun thó-hoa̍t Pak Hui-chiu taⁿ-á hoat-seng kúi lé-pài ê sî-ki koáⁿ-kín chhut-hì. Sui-bóng hì-bûn chok-chiá tiāⁿ lîm-sî lām-sám tàu, jiáu-loān liap-iáⁿ chìn-tō͘, Bogart koh sī tē-it pái poaⁿ lōng-bān hì ê chú-kak, *Casablanca* iû-goân tit-tio̍h 3 ê Oscar Chióng. Pau-hâm Iáⁿ-hì Chok-phín Siúⁿ. Lāi-té ê jîn-bu̍t, kháu-pe̍h kap im-ga̍k lóng chiâⁿ-choè tián-hêng. Jî-chhiáⁿ *Casablanca* mā chiâⁿ-choè lú-lâi-lú choē lâng sim-lāi kā tòng-chò sī kó͘-kim tē-it téng iáⁿ-hì. \n\n1. ↑ Archived 2011-06-05 at the Wayback Machine.\n2. ↑\n\nChêng-chat\n----------\n\nChit-chhut iáⁿ-hì sî-tāi siat-tēng tī 1941 nî ê Cha̍p-jī-goe̍h chhe. Rick Blaine (Humphrey Bogart) sī chi̍t-ê khek-po̍k ê Bí-kok hái-goā kok-bîn, toà tī Casablanca. I khui chi̍t-keng \"Rick's Café Américain\", sī chi̍t-keng ko-kip ê kū-lo̍k-pō͘ kap kiáu-keng. Ū kúi-nā chióng kok-che̍k ê lâng-kheh óng-lâi -- Vichy Hoat-kok, Italia, kap Nazi chèng-hú jîn-oân. Liû-bông-chiá tùi jîn-seng î-it ê ǹg-bāng to̍h-sī beh siūⁿ pān-hoat tô khì Bí-kok, hia iáu-bē ka-ji̍p tāi-chiàn. Sui-jiân Rick hi-bāng tùi só͘-ū tāi-chì lóng pó-chhî tiong-li̍p, kàu āu-piah to̍h ē hoat-hiān i ūi-tio̍h tùi-khòng 1935 Italia chhim-hoa̍t Ethiopia, bat ūn hoé-chhèng khhì kàu hia. I mā bat tī Se-pan-gâ Jîn-bîn Cheng-chiàn khiā tī Kiōng-hô Tóng chit-pêng tùi-khòng Francisco Franco ê Kok-bîn Tóng.","meta":{"title":"Casablanca (iáⁿ-hì)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[42,2332,0.018010291595197257],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2707}} -{"text":"**Christopher Langton** (1949 nî—) sī gián-kiù jîn-kang sìⁿ-miā (artificial life) ê sian-hêng-chiá. Langton tiû-pī ê \"Jîn-kang sìⁿ-miā 1\" gián-thó-hoē (International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems) 1987 nî tī Los Alamos Kok-ka Si̍t-giām-sek (Los Alamos National Laboratory) kí-pān, liáu-āu chit ê gián-kiù léng-he̍k tō ēng Langton chhòng-chō ê jîn-kang sìⁿ-miā lâi hō-miâ.\n\nLangton tī Michigan Tāi-ha̍k the̍h tio̍h ha̍k-ūi, i hoat-bêng Langton káu-hiā kap Langton hoê-lō͘ (Langton loop) 2 chióng kán-tan ê jîn-kang sìⁿ-miā bô͘-gí (simulation). Langton koh ēng Lambda chham-sò͘ lâi tō͘ khoàⁿ ho̍k-cha̍p-tō͘ ham sè-pau chū-tōng-ki (cellular automata) ê kè-sǹg lêng-le̍k, chhin-chhiūⁿ Conways Sìⁿ-miā ê Lambda chham-sò͘ tō sī 0.273.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\nChhiáⁿ chham-khó Hūn-tūn kîⁿ (Edge of chaos)\n\n* Christopher G. Langton. \"Computation at the edge of chaos\". *Physica D*, **42**, 1990.\n* J. P. Crutchfield, K. Young, \"Computation at the Onset of Chaos\", in *Entropy, Complexity, and the Physics of Information*, W. Zurek, editor, SFI Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, VIII, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts (1990) pp. 223-269.\n* Melanie Mitchell, Peter T. Hraber, James P. Crutchfield. *Revisiting the edge of chaos: Evolving cellular automata to perform computations Archived 2000-09-18 at Archive.is*. *Complex Systems*, **7**:89--130, 1993.\n* Melanie Mitchell, James P. Crutchfield, Peter T. Hraber. *Dynamics, Computation, and the \"Edge of Chaos\": A Re-Examination Archived 2006-10-19 at the Wayback Machine.*\n* *Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution* by Stuart Kauffman\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Lambda chham-sò͘\n* Swarm bô͘-gí","meta":{"title":"Christopher Langton","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[704,1524,0.46194225721784776],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1834}} -{"text":"**Tsōo-sîng kuè-sit** (ing-gú: contributory negligence; hàn-gú: 助成過失; ū-iú kuè-sit (與有過失),hūn-ha̍p kuè-sit (混合過失), hūn-ha̍p kuè-tshò (混合過錯), kiōng-tông kuè-sit (共同過失), kià-ú kuè-sit (寄與過失), kiōng-tông soo-hut (共同疏忽), hōo-iú soo-hut (互有疏忽), kiōng-hun soo-hut (共分疏忽), hun-thn̄g soo-hut (分搪疏忽), tsū-phiah soo-hut (自避疏忽), pōo-hūn soo-hut (部分疏忽), tshiok-sîng soo-hut (促成疏忽), tshiok-sîng ê kuè-sit (促成的過失), tsōo-sîng soo-hut (助成疏忽), kuè-sit siong-té guân-tsik (過失相抵原則), khó kui-tsik î-kī ê kuè-sit (可歸責於己的過失); *when the plaintiff's actions contributed to his own injury*) teh îng-bí huat-hē ê su-huat kuán-hat thong-siông sī khiā tī kuè-sit (soo-hut) jî uî puê-siông tsi piān-hōo; tse iah-sī tsi̍t-tsióng tshim-kuân ê hîng-uî. Tsit-ê guân-lí kah khak-tīng tsik-jīm iú-kuan, pīng-tshiánn tong-sî guân-kò [en] tsik-sī \"sok-puê hong\" (索賠方), iû-î in ê soo-hut tsō-sîng in ka-kī tso-siū sún-hāi ê sî-tsūn sik-iōng. Teh bóo-mih su-huat kuán-hat lāi-té, tuì tuì-tio̍h tsōo-sîng kuè-sit, huat-īnn ē-sái khuànn-tsò tshim-kuân hîng-uî jî-lâi sik-iōng, bô-lūn sī--bô hông tshíng-kiû tsò-uî piān-hōo ê lí-iû.\n\nTsōo-sîng kuè-sit ê piān-hōo ū khó-lîng siau-tû pī-kò siū-sún ê guân-kò tsi-hù sún-hāi puê-siông ê tsik-jīm. Pí-jû, tsi̍t-ê kuè-lōo-lâng in-uī bô tsim-tsiok tsù-ì lōo-siōng siang-pîng lâi ê tshia-lióng jî-lâi tshǹg-kuè tsi̍t-tiâu bé-lōo, suah hōo tsi̍t-ê mā sī bô tsim-tsiok tsù-ì teh tshǹg-kuè tshia-lōo kuè-lōo-lâng ê kà-sú sóo-lâi lòng-tio̍h Iû-î tshǹg-kuè tshia-tō ê kuè-lōo-lâng mā sī tsōo-sîng tsit-ê sū-kòo, sóo-í kuè-lōo-lâng khó-lîng bô-huat-tōo ē-tàng uì tsit-ê sū-kòo ê kà-sú (hi̍k-tsiá pó-hiám kong-si) tit-tio̍h tsuân-bīn hue-ho̍k guân-tsōng ê sún-hāi puê-siông-kim. In-uī in (kà-sú hām kuè-lōo-lâng) jû-kó nā ē-tàng pó-tshî sik-tòng lâi tsù-ì tō-lōo ê kau-thong tsîng-hóng. sū-kòo tō bô-i-siann ū khó-lîng ē huat-sing Līng-guā tsi̍t-ê tsōo-sîng kuè-sit ê àn-lē tō-sī: ,teh bóo tsi̍t-ê ua̍h-tāng tang-tiong, guân-kò pún-lâng ing-kai tsù-ì tsiâm-tsāi ê huî-hiám suah bô-i tsha̍p kíng-kò, hi̍k-tsiá bô-lâi uī ka-kī ê an-tsuân tshái-tshú ha̍p-lí ê hông-huān pōo-sòo; tsū-án-ne teh i ka-kī tsiap lo̍h-lâi ê ua̍h-tāng lāi-té, guân-kòtō pit-su sîng-tam it-tīng thîng-tōo ê hong-hiám. Pí-jû, siūnn-kóng teh tshián-tsuí lāi-té tshàng-tsuí-bī, tō ē-tàng bô sū-sian thàm-tshâ tsuí-tshim, í-ki̍p tsuí-té ê kî-thann tsîng-hóng.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Contributory Negligence\". *Wex*. Cornell Law School. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2021-11-19. 28 June 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ \"Douglas v. Harris, 35 N.J. 270, 281, 173 A.2d 1 (1961)\". *Google Scholar*. Google. 28 June 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.  \"[T]he rule requiring a defendant to so affirmatively plead [contributory negligence] is mandatory. However, the court may relax that rule when its enforcement would be inconsistent with substantial justice.\" (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 中華民國最高法院民事判決『最高法院107年度台上字第773號判決』 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n。 (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Au-lio̍k hoat-hē [en] (Au-lio̍k huat-hē/Civil law (legal system))\n* Defamation\n* Injunction\n* Black hoat-lu̍t sû-tián [en] (Black huat-lu̍t sû-tén/Black's Law Dictionary)\n* last-clear-chance doctrine\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Worldlii links to resources on the subject of damages Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n (Eng-gí)\n* 混合過錯；混合過失；助成過失 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n (Hàn-gí)\n* 美国统一州法委员会《统一比较过错法案》（1979修订版） (Hàn-gí)\n\ntemplate:Tort law [en]","meta":{"title":"Chō͘-sêng kòe-sit","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[889,3335,0.26656671664167914],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3865}} -{"text":"\nPaddingtong hîm sī jî-tông bûn-ha̍k toing ê chhòng-chok jîn-bu̍t. I tē-it-pái chhut-hiān tī 1958 nî 10 goe̍h 13 hō jî-tông tho̍k-bu̍t 《Paddingtong hîm》lāi-té, jî-chhiáⁿ tī Eng-kok chok-ka Michael Bond siá—ê 20 gōa pún chheh lāi-té chhut-hiān, sī Peggy Fortnum, David McKee kap kî-thaⁿ gē-su̍t-ka ūi chhah-tô͘.\n\nÙi \"Siōng o͘-àm ê Peru\" lâi ê iú-siān ba̍k-kiàⁿ-hîm, tì i ê kū bō-á, phòa-kô͘-kô͘ ê phê-siuⁿ, cho͘-mn̂g gōa-thò kap tùi kam-á ké-chí-chiùⁿ ê jia̍t-ài, í-keng chiâⁿ-chòe jî-tông bûn-ha̍k lāi-té ê keng-tián jîn-bu̍t. Paddington hîm sī chi̍t-chiah gí-lâng ê hîm, i lóng chiok ū lé-māu, chheng-ho͘ lâng \"sian-siⁿ\", \"hu-jîn\" kap \"sió-chiá\", chin chió ti̍t-chiap kiò lâng ê miâ. Jî-chhiáⁿ i chin hó-sim, sui-jiân i ē tùi hit-kóa i bē-sóng ê lâng giâm-giâm kā gîn. I ū bû-hān ê lêng-le̍k bû-ì toing jiá mâ-hoân, m̄-koh ta̍k-ke lóng-chai, i \"chin-sim chin-le̍k kā tāi-chì chò hó-sè\". I sī tī Paddington chhia-thâu hông (jîn-lūi) Brown in chi̍t-ke hoat-hiān, kā i siu-ióng, hō-miâ kiò \"Paddington Brown\", in-ūi i goân-lâi ê hîm-gú miâ tùi in lâi-kóng siuⁿ-kè oh hoat-im.\n\n1. ↑ \"Michael Bond: 'Paddington stands up for things, he's, not afraid of going to the top and giving them a hard stare'\". *The Guardian*. 10 September 2019 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Paddington Hîm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[139,1190,0.11680672268907563],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1382}} -{"text":"Huè-ki Antonov An-225 Mriya (ukraina-gí: Антонов Ан-225 Мрія, NATO tāi-hō: Cossack, C tsit-e̊ lī-bó piáu-sī huè-ūn ia̍h-sī ūn-su-ki).\n**NATO tài-hō** (NATO bīng-miâ, pak-iok tāi-hō, pak-iok bīng-miâ ; eng-gí: NATO reporting name; hàn-gí: 北約代號, 北約命名) sī líng-tsèn ê sî-tsūn NATO khah soo-lên kap tiong-kok kun-sū tsong-pī (military technology) sóo khí ê pian-hō (numbering scheme) kap bīng-miâ (name). Ná-ū tsit-e̊ NATO tāi-hō ê tshut-hēn, sī in-uī teh líng-tsèn sî-tāi tsit nng-e̊ kok-ka ê kun-sū tsong-pī tsi si̍t-tsè tài-hō kap bīng-miâ it-puañ lóng bô hoo se-hong kok-ka sóo liáu-kái. Pí-lû, Lōo-si-ia ê hong-tsà-ki Tupolev Tu-160, NATO tāi-hō kiò-tsò \"Blackjack\". Lî-tshiáñ soo-lên kah tiong-kok tsit nn̄g-e̊ kok-ka pīng-bô tshiūñ NATO kok-ka hit-tsióng hoo sóo-ū-e̊ kun-sū tsong-pī pen tāi-hō ê thuân-thóng. In-tshú in tsiâñ-tse ê tsong-pī sī bô tāi-hō-e̊. Koh uî-tio̍h NATO lāi-pōo ê kun-sū tsham-siông khí-kèn, sóo-í NATO tan hong-bīn tsè-tīng tsit-tsióng bīng-miâ hē-thóng ê tsè-tōo.\n\nKoh-lâi, pōo-hūn kuè-khì bat-sī Warsaw tiâu-iok tsoo-tsit (Организация Варшавского Договора) ê sîng-guân, m̄-kù tsit-má í-king ka-ji̍p NATO ê tang-au kok-ka, pí-lû: Chesko, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria tíng-tíng kok-ka. Sui-jiân tsia-e̊ kok-ka iu-guân tiāñ-tiāñ koh-teh sú-iōng soo-lên tsè-tsō ê kun-hué, m̄-kù tsia-e̊ kok-ka sóo-ū-e̊ soo-lên tsè-tsō ê kun-hué, í-king uì guân-sen soo-lên e lāi-pōo tāi-hō kái-tsō NATO tāi-hō, tsit-má í-king m̄ sī hēn-tsú-sî Lōo-si-ia ê GRAU pian-hō (Индекс ГРАУ). Lia̍h-tsún-kóng koh-teh sú-iōng kah Lōo-si-ia kāng-khuán kiril zī-bó ê Bulgaria, tsit-e̊ kok-ka hēn-tsú-sî sóo-ū-e̊ soo-lên tsè-tsō-e̊ kun-hué iá-sī iōng NATO tāi-hō lâi ting-lo̍k-e̊.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"NATO Code Names for Submarines and Ships: Submarine Classes / Reporting Name\". *Art and Aerospace Page*. Univ. of Michigan, UMCC / AIS. 29 April 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Iû-soat oa̍h-tāng [en] (İû-suat ua̍h-tāng/Lobbying)\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles (Eng-gí)\n* Aerospace Web (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"NATO tāi-hō","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[287,2026,0.1416584402764067],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2364}} -{"text":"\n**Skydio** sī Bí-kok tsi̍t-king bô-jîn-ki tsè-tsō-siong, tsóng-pōo khiā-tī Bí-kok California tsiu San Mateo. Tī 2021-nî 3-gue̍h, Skydio tsit-king kong-si suah piàn-sîng tsi̍t-tsiah to̍k-kak-siù (獨角獸); tsiânn-tsò Bí-kok tē-it king tsu-pún gia̍h tshiau-kuè 10 ik bí-kim ê bô-jîn-ki tset-so-siong.\n\nLi̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSkydio kong-si iû Adam Bry, Abe Bachrach kap Matt Donahoe tī 2014-nî tshòng-li̍p, in lóng pat-teh Massachusetts lí-kang ha̍k-īnn ha̍k-si̍p kuè. Adam Bry hām Abe Bachrach tsham-ú kiông-tāi ê ke-khì-lâng hāng-bo̍k, gián-kiù tsè-tsō bô su-iàu GPS tō ē-sái ka-kī hui-hîng ê hui-ki tsi hong-huat; siōng-bué-á gián-tsè tshut tsah-ū laser tshik-kū-gî (測距儀) ê kòo-tīng i̍k bô-jîn-ki, tsi̍t-tsiah bô-jîn-ki ē-tàng teh thîng-tshia tiûnn sì-khoo uî-á tsū-tōng tō-hâng. Tī 2012-nî, Bry hām Bachrach pang-tsān khai-huat tsū-tsú khòng-tsè sǹg-huat, ē-tàng kè-sǹg hui-ki ê kuí-tsik pīng-tshiánnkhak-tīng hui-ki i-ê \"tsōng-thài\"——hui-ki ê uī-tì, bu̍t-lí hong-hiòng, sok-tōo kap ka-sok-tōo. Pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, Bry hām Bachrach tī 2012-nî tsiông-sū kang-gia̍p khang-khuè, teh Google ê Project Wing khui-khé Google ê tsū-tsú bô-jîn-ki hāng-bo̍k. Khuànn-tio̍h bô-jîn-ki tuì tsū-tsú sìng ê su-kiû, 2014-nî, Bry, Bachrach kap Donahoe tshòng-li̍p Skydio; tō-lâi si̍t-hiān bô-jîn-ki teh ta̍k ê hâng-gia̍p kah ìng-iōng tang-tiong kū-iú tuā-bong tsiâm-li̍k ê guān-kíng. Tsá-kî ê tâu-tsu-tsiá pau-kuat hong-hiám tâu-tsu-ka Andreessen Horowitz.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Autonomous drone maker Skydio raises $170M led by Andreessen Horowitz\". *TechCrunch* (ēng Eng-gí). 2021-08-31 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"American company Skydio becomes first U.S. drone company to reach $1 billion valuation\". *CNBC* (ēng Eng-gí). 2021-03-11. 2021-08-31 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ News, M. I. T. \"The Autonomous 'Selfie Drone'\". *cacm.acm.org* (ēng Eng-gí). 2021-09-16 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"The autonomous \"selfie drone\"\". *MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology* (ēng Eng-gí). 2021-09-16 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ Popper, Ben (2015-01-15). \"Meet the tiny startup building self-navigating drones\". *The Verge* (ēng Eng-gí). 2021-08-31 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Andreessen Horowitz\n* Unicorn (finance)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Skydio Stops Selling Consumer Drones\n* Skydio is pivoting to enterprise — its consumer drones are dead\n* YouTube YouTube téng ê **5 Steps to Implementing Patrol-Led Deployment** ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ","meta":{"title":"Skydio","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1049,2465,0.4255578093306288],"infobox":["
    Skydio
    \n
    Hîng-thài\nPrivate
    Hâng-gia̍p\n
    \n\n
    Tshòng-kiàn nî\n2014 nî;​ 8 nî í-chêng​ (2014)
    Tshòng-kiàn-tsiá\nAdam Bry, Abe Bachrach and Matt Donahoe
    Tsóng-pōo\n
    United States California Redwood City
    Líng-tō jîn-bu̍t
    		\n
    \n\n
    Ho̍k-bū sán-phín\nUnmanned aerial vehicles
    Bāng-tsām\nwww.skydio.com
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2577}} -{"text":"Linking Open Data project in September 2007\n**Khai-hòng Chu-liāu**（Eng-gí: open data）sī chi̍t-chióng keng-kòe kéng-soán kap hú-khó ê chu-liāu. Chit-khoán bô siū tù-chok-khoân kap choan-lī-khoân, í-kip kî-thaⁿ koán-lí ki-chè só͘ hān-chè, ē-tàng khai-hòng hō͘ siā-hōe bîn-chiòng, jīm-hô lâng lóng ē-tàng chū-iû chhut-pán sú-iōng, bô-lūn sī beh the̍h-lâi chhut-pán iah-sī chòe kî-thaⁿ ê ūn-iōng lóng bô hān-chè.\n\nOpen data ūn-tōng hi-bāng ta̍t-sêng ê bo̍k-phiau kap khai-hòng goân-sí-má, lōe-iông khai-hòng, khai-hòng tit-tio̍h téng kî-thaⁿ \"Khai-hòng\" ūn-tōng lūi-sū. Open data pōe-āu ê he̍k-sim su-sióng í-keng chin-kú chi̍t-tōaⁿ sî-kan（phì-jū sī Mertonian tradition of science），m̄-ku Open data chit-ê bêng-sû kàu kūn-tāi chiah chhut-hiān，in-ūi Internet ê chhut-thâu soah thong-lâng-chai，tek-pia̍t sī Data.gov téng Open data chèng-hú chō͘-chit ê siat-li̍p.\n\nKhài-lūn\n--------\n\nOpen data m̄-sī chi̍t-ê sin-ē khài-liām；sui-bóng lán lú-lâi-lú chia̍p iōng-tio̍h Open Data chit-ê sû，m̄-ku bo̍k-chiân pèng-bô chi̍t-ê tāi-ke phó͘-phiàn jīm-tông ê tēng-gī (kap kî-thaⁿ lūi-sū ūn-tōng bô-kâng，pí-jū tī Khai-hòng Tit-tio̍h，lán í-keng khòaⁿ-tio̍h chōe-chōe siū-tio̍h tāi-chiòng jīm-tông koh chèng-sek kong-pò͘ ê soan-kò).\n\nIt-poaⁿ kóng--khí-lâi，Open Data ê èng-iōng chú-iàu sī chòe hui-bûn-jī ê chu-liāu sò͘-châi，chhin-chhiūⁿ Tē-tô͘、Ûi-thoân-thé、Liân-kiat-thé、Hòa-ha̍k hun-chú、sò͘-ha̍k í-kip kho-ha̍k kong-sek, i-ha̍k chu-liāu kap èng-iōng，sìⁿ-miā kho-ha̍k í-kip seng-bu̍t to-iuⁿ-sèng. Khai-hòng chit-kóa chu-liāu tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ē in-ūi chit-kóa chu-liāu pún-sin só͘-ū--ê siong-gia̍p kè-ta̍t，iah-sī keng-kòe chéng-lí liáu-āu ē-tàng chiâⁿ-chòe ū kè-ta̍t ê sán-phín，āu-sio̍k sán-seng Chu-liāu keng-chè，soah ín-hoat chhut bô-kâng siaⁿ-im ê ì-kiàn. Tha̍k chu-liāu，koh-chài sú-iōng téng，it-poaⁿ lóng iû te̍k-tēng chō͘-chit só͘ kàm-koán，chit-kóa chō͘-chit khó-lêng sī su-jîn iah-sī kong-ka ki-koan. Tha̍k chu-liāu kap koh-chài sú-iōng ê kàm-koán hong-hoat khó-lêng sī tha̍k chu-liāu ê hān-chè，thàu-kòe pán-koân kap siū-koân，choan-lī ê sin-chhéng，iah-sī hù-hùi iau-kiû téng. Open Data ê chhiòng-gī-chiá jīm-ûi，chit-kóa hān-chè lóng ûi-hoán kong-chiòng ê lī-ek, tông-sî chit-kóa chu-liāu lóng eng-kai ē-tàng chū-iû chhú-tit，bô hān-chè iā put-eng-kai siu-hùi. Chhú-gōa，chu-liāu koh-chài sú-iōng iā put-kai su-iàu kî-thaⁿ ê hú-khó，sui-jiân chiàu koh-chài sú-iōng ê bô-kâng sèng-chit（pí-jî iân-sin-sèng ê chhòng-chok）ē-tàng thong-kòe siū-koân lâi khòng-koán.\n\nTâi-oân Khai-hòng Chu-liāu ê thui-sak\n-------------------------------------\n\n2010 nî iû Chheng-pîⁿ-tâi khai-sí thui-sak「Tâi-oân Khai-hòng Chu-liāu Kè-ōe」，koh chù-chheh opendata.tw / opendata.org.tw nn̄g-ê bāng-chí.\n\n2011 nî Tâi-pak-chhī Hok Liông-pin chhī-hú sêng-li̍p Tâi-oân tē-it-ê chèng-hú ê khai-hòng chu-liāu pîⁿ-tâi.\n\n2015 nî 4 goe̍h，Mô͘ Tī-kok lōe-koh soan-pò͘ chè-tēng「Chèng-hú Chu-liāu Khai-hòng Chu-sûn sió-cho͘ siat-tī iàu-tiám」，tōa-tōa iau-chhiáⁿ bîn-kan kong（hia̍p）hōe、siā-hōe thoân-thé tāi-piáu、ha̍k-chiá choan-ka kap kok ki-koan tāi-piáu téng chham-ú，tī chèng-īⁿ chân-kip iû sî-jīm Hêng-chèng-īⁿ hù-īⁿ-tiúⁿ Tiuⁿ Siān-chèng tam-jīm tiàu-chi̍p-jîn，tī kâng-nî 6 goe̍h chhoe-it tiàu-khui thâu-pái hōe-gī，kok tiong-iong jī-kip ki-koan iā hun-pia̍t siat-tī chu-sûn sió-cho͘，thui-sak khai-hòng chu-liāu kang-chok.","meta":{"title":"Khai-hòng Chu-liāu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,3311,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3749}} -{"text":"**Tōa-hêng gí-giân bô͘-hêng** (Eng-gí: *large language model*; LLM) sī chi̍t chióng gí-giân bô͘-hêng, iû chē-chē chham-sò͘ (thong-siông 10 ek gōa ê khoân-tiōng) ê jîn-kang sîn-keng bāng-lō͘ chó͘-sêng, sú-iōng chū-kàm-tok ha̍k-si̍p ia̍h pòaⁿ-kàm-tok ha̍k-si̍p tùi tōa-liōng bô piau-kì bûn-pún chìn-hêng hùn-liān. Tōa-hêng gí-giân bô͘-hêng tī 2018 nî chó-iū chhut-hiān, jiân-āu tī kok-chióng jīm-bū tiong ū chhut-sek ê piáu-hiān. Sui-jiân chit-ê su̍t-gí bô chèng-sek ê tēng-gī, m̄-koh i thong-siông kóng--ê sī chham-sò͘ sò͘-liōng tī kúi-nā cha̍p-ek ia̍h koh-khah chē sò͘-liōng-kip ê chhim-tō͘ ha̍k-si̍p bô͘-hêng. Tōa-hêng gí-giân bô͘-hêng sī thong-iōng ê bô͘-hêng, tī kóng-hoàn ê jīm-bū tiong piáu-hiān chhut-sek, mā bōe chiam-tùi chi̍t hāng te̍k-tēng ê jīm-bū (chhin-chhiūⁿ chêng-kám hun-sek, hō-miâ si̍t-thé sek-pia̍t ia̍h sò͘-ha̍k thui-lí) lâi chìn-hêng hùn-liān. Sui-jiân tī ī-chhek bûn-kù tiong ê ē chi̍t ê tan-sû téng kán-tan jīm-bū siōng chiap-siū kòe hùn-liān, m̄-koh hoat-hiān kū-iú chiok-gia̍h hùn-liān kap chham-sò͘ sò͘-liōng ê sîn-keng gí-giân bô͘-hêng ē-tàng lia̍h-tio̍h jîn-lūi gí-giân ê tōa-pō͘-hūn gí-hoat kap ì-sù. Lēng-gōa, tōa-hêng gí-giân bô͘-hêng tián-sī liáu siong-tong chē koan-î sè-kài ê siông-sek, pēng-chhiáⁿ ē-hiáu tī hùn-liān kòe-têng kā tōa-liōng sū-si̍t kì-tiâu.","meta":{"title":"Tōa-hêng gí-giân bô͘-hêng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1328,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1508}} -{"text":"**Pòaⁿ-kàm-tok ha̍k-si̍p** (Eng-gí: *semi-supervised learning*) sī ki-hāi ha̍k-si̍p ê chi̍t ê hun-iá, itī hùn-liān sî sú-iōng tio̍h chió-liōng ê ū-piau-chhiam sò͘-kì kap tōa-liōng ê bô-piau-chhiam sò͘-kì. Pòaⁿ-kàm-tok ha̍k-si̍p kài tī bô-kàm-tok ha̍k-si̍p (hùn-liān sò͘-kì choân-pō͘ lóng bô piau-chhiam) kap kàm-tok ha̍k-si̍p (hùn-liān sò͘-kì choân-pō͘ lóng ū piau-chhiam) tiong-kan. Pòaⁿ-kàm-tok ha̍k-si̍p sī ūi-tio̍h beh oān-kái hùn-liān sò͘-kì tiong chûn-chāi piau-chhiam sò͘-kì iú-hān ê bûn-tê.\n\nBô-kàm-tok ha̍k-si̍p ha̍h-ēng ê būn-tê it-poaⁿ sī ū tōa-liōng bô-piau-chhiam iūⁿ-pún, ah beh chhú-tit ū-piau-chhiam siūⁿ-pún sêng-pún khah koân. Pō͘-hūn kî-thaⁿ ki-hāi ha̍k-si̍p hun-chi ū sio-siāng ê tōng-ki, m̄-koh chun-chiông bô-kāng ê ká-siat kap hong-hoat, chhin-chhiūⁿ chú-tōng ha̍k-si̍p kap jio̍k-kàm-tok ha̍k-si̍p. Kā bô-piau-chhiam iūⁿ-pún kap chió-liōng ū-piau-chhiam iūⁿ-pún chò-hóe sú-iōng ê sî, ē tùi ha̍k-si̍p ê chún-khak-sèng sán-seng chin tōa ê kái-siān. Ūi-tio̍h te̍k-tēng būn-tê só͘ siu-chi̍p ê sò͘-kì thong-siông su-iàu choan-ka tì-sek ia̍h chìn-hêng bu̍t-lí si̍t-giām. In-chhú, chhú-tit ū-piau-chhiam iūⁿ-pún ê sêng-pún it-poaⁿ mā khah koân, ah nā beh chhú-tit tōa-hêng koh oân-choân piau-kì ê iūⁿ-pún-chi̍p sī bô-siáⁿ khó-lêng--ê; ah nā-sī beh chhú-tit bô-piau-chhiam iūⁿ-pún ê sêng-pún it-poaⁿ siong-tùi khah kē. Án-ne lâi khòaⁿ, pòaⁿ-kàm-tok ha̍k-si̍p tī ki-hāi ha̍k-si̍p kap jîn-lūi ha̍k-si̍p ê kiàn-bô͘ hong-bīn mā ū lí-lūn kè-ta̍t.","meta":{"title":"Pòaⁿ-kàm-tok ha̍k-si̍p","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1502,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1701}} -{"text":"Tâi-oân ê to͘-hōe-khu.\n\n \n\n**Tâi-oân ê to͘-hōe-khu** tāi-khài hun chò 5 ê toā to͘-hōe-khu kap 2 ê chhù-kip to͘-hōe-khu; hun-pia̍t sī Tâi-pak, Thô-hn̂g, Sin-tek, Tâi-tiong, Ka-gī, Tâi-lâm kap Ko-hiông, kiōng-tông cho͘-sêng Tâi-oân Se-pō͘ Cháu-lông ê tiōng-iàu tē-tài. Tâi-oân ê 6 ê ti̍t-hat-chhī (Tâi-pak, Sin-pak, Thô-hn̂g, Tâi-tiong, Tâi-lâm, Ko-hiông) chiū sī chit 5 ê toā to͘-hōe-khu, 3 ê chhī (Ke-lâng, Sin-tek, Ka-gī) tiong ê nn̄g ê iā sī 2 ê chhù to͘-hōe-khu ê he̍k-sim só͘-chāi.\n\nKin-kì Chú-kè-chhù tī 2010 nî 5 goe̍h 18 hō hoat-pò͘ tī sin-bûn-kó, téng-bīn ê tēng-gī hoān-ûi liân-tông choân Tâi-oân kok-chióng thóng-kè tē-khu ê hun-lūi tēng-gī, tī tong-nî ê 12 goe̍h 25 hō thêng-chí sek-iōng.\n\nToā to͘-hōe-khu\n---------------\n\n### Tēng-gī\n\nTī kāng chi̍t ê khu-he̍k lāi, iû chi̍t ê ia̍h-sī chi̍t ê í-siōng ê tiong-sim to͘-chhī chò-ûi he̍k-sim, liân-kiat hām chit-ê tiong-sim to͘-chhī tī siā-hōe, keng-chè siōng ha̍p tàu-tīn ê chhī, tìn, hiong (ōe-seng chhī-tìn) só͘ kiōng-tông cho͘-sêng ê tē-khu, jî-chhiáⁿ khu lāi jîn-kháu chóng-sò͘ ta̍t 100-bān lâng í-siōng (30-bān lâng í-siōng, 100-bān lâng í-hā sī chhù to͘-hōe-khu).\n\n### Tâi-pak Ke-lâng Toā To͘-hōe-khu\n\nTâi-pak To͘-hōe-khu\n#### Hoān-ûi\n\n**Tâi-pak tē-khu** hoàn-chí Tâi-oân pak-pō͘ it-tài pau-koat tio̍h Tâi-pak-chhī, Sin-pak-chhī kap Ke-lâng-chhī ê tē-khu. Chì 2016 nî 1 goe̍h ûi-chí, Tâi-pak Ke-lâng To͘-hōe-khu ê jîn-kháu í-keng ta̍t 7,048,243 lâng, chóng bīn-chek sī 2,457.1253 pêng-hong kong-lí. Tâi-pak To͘-hōe-khu sī sè-kài tē-**44** toā to͘-hōe-khu. Lēng-goā chi̍t chióng thóng-kè hong-sek sī ka-ji̍p Thô-hn̂g-chhī, jîn-kháu ta̍t 9,157,029 lâng, sī sè-kài tē-36 toā to͘-hōe-khu.\n\n#### Biâu-su̍t\n\nChit khu sī Tâi-oân ê keng-chè tiōng-tìn, siong-gia̍p hoat-tián iā sī í Tâi-pak tē-khu chòe-ûi hián-tù. Tâi-pak tē-khu tī Chheng-kok sî-tāi chho͘-kî, ū Khong-hi Toā Tē-tāng chō-sêng ê Tâi-pak Toā-ô͘，tì-sú sek-ha̍p lâng toà ê pêⁿ-po͘ bīn-chek siong-tùi koh-khah chió; Chheng-kok sî-tāi bóe-kî, Tâi-pak Toā-ô͘ tui-chek chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-pak Phûn-tē, Tâi-oân ê khai-khún jîn-bîn ta̍uh-ta̍uh óng pak-pō͘ soá, hoat-hiān pak-pō͘ ê soaⁿ-lūn tē-tài sek-ha̍p seng-sán toā-liōng ê tê-hio̍h, lo̍h-bóe in-ūi Tâi-oân chia̍p-chia̍p hoat-seng bîn-piàn, Chheng-kok chèng-hú chiū khai-sí kā goân-pún hâm-kài kui-ê Ka-lâm Pêng-goân í-pak ê Chu-lô-koān (chit-má ê Ka-gī-koān) hun chò saⁿ ê tē-khu, kî-tiong ê Tām-chúi-thiaⁿ ê tāi-khài hoān-ûi chiū sī chit-má ê Tâi-pak tē-khu. Tâi-oân kiàn-séng liáu-āu, Tâi-oân sûn-hú Sím Pó-cheng tī Báng-kah kiàn-li̍p Tâi-oân-séng-siâⁿ sî, Tâi-oân ê keng-chè, chèng-tī tiōng-sim khai-sí ta̍uh-ta̍uh hiòng pak soá-tāng. Jiân-āu ê Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi kap Kok-bîn chèng-hú lóng kā Tâi-oân ê chèng-tī kap keng-chè tiong-sim khǹg tī Tâi-pak, tì-sú toā Tâi-pak tē-khu ê hoat-tián ta̍t-tiò liáu chòe ko-hong, bo̍k-chiân sī Tâi-oân jîn-kháu siōng-chē, kok-chióng kaìn-siat siōng-kài hoat-ta̍t ê tē-khu.\n\nTâi-pak-chhī kap Sin-pak-chhī lóng sī ti̍t-hat-chhī, Tâi-pak-chhī iā sī Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok bo̍k-chiân ê tiong-iong chèng-hú só͘-chāi-tē, in-ūi chiū-gia̍p ki-hōe chē, kau-thong kiàn-siat hoat-ta̍t, kàu-io̍k kap i-liâu chu-goân phong-phài, tì-sú Tâi-oân tāi-iok ū 4 hun-chi 1 chì 3 hun-chi 1 ê jîn-kháu chi̍p-tiong tī-leh toā Tâi-pak tē-khu.\n\n### Thô-hn̂g Tiong-le̍k Toā To͘-hōe-khu\n\nTiong-le̍k Toā To͘-hōe-khu\n#### Hoān-ûi\n\n**Thô-hn̂g tē-khu** hoàn-chí Thô-hn̂g-chhī kap Sin-pak-chhī Eng-ko-khu tē-khu, to͘-hōe he̍k-sim sī Thô-hn̂g-chhī ê Thô-hn̂g-khu kap Tiong-le̍k-khu, sī Tâi-oân tē-4 toā to͘-hōe-khu.\n\n#### Biâu-su̍t\n\nChit-ê tē-khu chiū ūi-tī Toā Tâi-pak To͘-hōe-khu ê se-lâm-hong, í nn̄g ê ti̍t-hat-khu ûi chú-iàu ê keng-chè hoat-tián tiong-sim (Thô-hn̂g-khu kap Tiong-le̍k-khu). Thô-hn̂g tē-khu ùi kó͘-chà í-lâi, lóng m̄-sī keng-chè hoat-tián ê tiong-sim, it-ti̍t kàu Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi khai-sí, Thô-hn̂g it-tài ê hêng-chèng khu-he̍k kai-kip chiah ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á thê-seng. It-ti̍t-kàu Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chèng-hú soá lâi Tâi-oân, si̍t-si cha̍p-toā kiàn-siat liáu-āu, chit-ê tē-khu heng-kiàn liáu Tiong-chèng Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ, tì-sú Thô-hn̂g chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-oân pak-pō͘ tùi-goā kau-thong ê nn̄g toā mn̂g-hō͘ (lēng-goā chi̍t ê sī Ke-lâng-chhī). Kang-sî Thô-hn̂g tē-khu sī Tâi-oân keng-gia̍p hoat-ta̍t ê só͘-chāi chi-it, sán-ti̍t iā siong-tong koân. Bo̍k-chiân tī Thô-hn̂g-chhī ê Thô-hn̂g-khu, Tiong-le̍k-khu kap Tâi-pak tē-khu ê Tâi-pak-chhī chi-kan óng-lâi ê jîn-kháu siong-tong chē, thong-kîn ê jîn-sò͘ iā siong-tong koân, tāi-to-sò͘ sī kang-chok goân-in (toà tī Thô-hn̂g tē-khu ê bîn-chiòng su-iàu kàu Tâi-pak tē-khu kang-chok). Chit khu bok-chiân sī Tâi-oân jîn-kháu sêng-tióng sok-tō͘ siōng-kín ê khu-he̍k, chit kúi-nî heng-kiàn ê Thô-hn̂g Chiat-ūn kap Gō͘-kó͘ Iûⁿ-mûi Ko-kè-kiô thè Thô-hn̂g tē-khu ê kau-thong chhoā-lâi sin bīn-bo̍k.\n\n### Tâi-tiong Chiang-hoà Toā To͘-hōe-khu\n\nTâi-tiong To͘-hōe-khu ê thian-chè-soàⁿ\n#### Hoān-ûi\n\n**Toā Tâi-tiong tē-khu** hoàn-chí Tâi-oân tiong-pō͘ it-tài pau-koat tio̍h Tâi-tiong-chhī, Chiang-hoà-koān kap Lâm-tâu-koān ê pō͘-hūn tē-khu, sī Tâi-oân tē-3 toā to͘-hōe-khu.\n\n#### Biâu-su̍t\n\nChit-ê tē-khu bo̍k-chiân tng-teh khoài-sok hoat-tián, Tâi-tiong koān-chhī tī 2010 nî seng-keh chò ti̍t-hat-chhī. Chit khu sī Tâi-oân lâm-pak kau-thong ê tiong-tiám, sī Tâi-oân 3-toā to͘-hōe-khoan chi-it. Tâi-tiong Chiat-ūn tng-teh kè-ōe heng-kiàn tiong, ah Tâi-tiong-chām ê Ko-thih kap Tâi-thih beh ha̍p-pèng, hêng-sêng saⁿ-thih kiōng-kò͘ ê hêng-thài; Tâi-thih mā tng-teh chìn-hêng Tâi-tiong to͘-hōe-khu thih-lō͘ ko-kè-hoà ê kè-ōe, oân-kang liáu-āu ē-tàng chhiok-sêng to͘-chhī thīn-ha̍p, kái-tû to͘-chhī hoat-tián ê chiòng-gāi. Tâi-tiong-káng tī káng-kháu bō͘-e̍k-liōng í-keng sī Tâi-oân ê tē2 toā káng, ah Tiong-pō͘ Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ lú-kheh kap ūn-hòe ê sêng-tióng-sò͘ iā ta̍k-nî teh sêng-tióng, 2013 nî Kok-chè Hâng-hā iā lo̍h-sêng khè-iōng. Tiong-pō͘ Kho-ha̍k Hn̂g-khu tī Sai-tūn-khu kap Āu-lí-khu siat ū Tâi-tiong ki-tē kap Āu-lí ki-tē, tì-sú Tâi-tiong chiām-chiām chiâⁿ-chò ko-kho-ki sán-gia̍p ê tiōng-tìn. Goân-pún ūi-tī chhī-khu ê Chúi-làm Ki-tiûⁿ iā pī ōe chò Chúi-làm Keng-bō͘ Hn̂g-khu, ī-kè í ūn-choán tiong-sim, tāi-ha̍k-siâⁿ, tiong-iong kong-hn̂g, chúi-hoāⁿ khāi-ke ê tēng-ūi têng-hiān, oân-kang āu ē thè Toā Tâi-tiong oāⁿ-siōng sin ê bīn-bo̍k.\n\nTâi-tiong ū chin chē hong-kéng-khu kap phok-bu̍t-koán, pí-lūn Tâi-tiong To͘-hōe Kong-hn̂g, Kok-li̍p Chū-jiân Kho-ha̍k Phok-bu̍t-koán, Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Bí-su̍t-koán, Toā-kheⁿ Hong-kéng-khu, Ko-bí Sip-tē, Tâi-tiong Kok-ka Koa-kio̍k-īⁿ. Chiang-hoà-koān tī kau-thong piān-chia̍p liáu-āu, siat-li̍p hoe-hùi kap so͘-kó choan-gia̍p seng-sán-khu, thê-kiong to͘-chhī ê it-poaⁿ bîn-chiòng kap choan-gia̍p jîn-sū ê su-kiû. Lēng-goā Tiong-pō͘ Kho-ha̍k Hn̂g-khu ê 4-kî kap Ko-téng Gián-kiù Hn̂g-khu ê khai-hoat hia̍p-chō Chiang-hoà kap Lâm-tâu ê sán-gia̍p seng-kip. Tâi-tion To͘-hōe-khu tī jîn-kháu siōng, teh-beh chhiau-kòe Ko-hiông To͘-hōe-khu.\n\n### Tâi-lâm Toā To͘-hōe-khu\n\nTâi-lâm To͘-hōe-khu\n#### Hoān-ûi\n\n**Tâi-lâm tē-khu** pau-koat Tâi-lâm-chhī kap Ko-hiông-chhī Ka-tiāⁿ kap Ô͘-lāi tē-khu, sī Tâi-oân tē-5 toā tó͘-hōe-khu.\n\n#### Biâu-su̍t\n\nKa-lâm Pêng-goân hiān-kim sī Tâi-oân lông-gia̍p tiōng-tìn kap Lâm Tâi-oân kho-ki-gia̍p tiōng-tìn. Tâi-lâm to͘-hōe-khu sī Ka-lâm Pêng-goân téng ê tē-it toā to͘-hōe-khu. Hô-lân sî-tāi, tī An-pêng kiàn-li̍p Jia̍t-lân-chia-siâⁿ; lo̍h-bóe ê Tong-lêng ông-tiâu koh tī Tâi-lâm kiàn-li̍p siú-to͘, hō͘ Tâi-lâm ê hoat-tián ta̍t-tiò ko-hong. Chheng-kok sî-tāi bóe-kî, in0ūi Tâi-oân hoat-tián tiōng-sim óng pak soá, An-pêng-káng mā in-ūi chek-tài būn-tê si̍t-khì iu-sè. Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi iáu-sī Tâi-oân ê tē-jī toā siâⁿ, pēng chāi Ka-lâm Toā-chùn, 烏O͘-soaⁿ-thâu Chúi-khò͘ oân-sêng liáu-āu. hō͘ Ka-lâm Pêng-goân chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-oân ê niû-chhng. Bo̍k-chiân in-ūi Kang-gián-īⁿ Lâm-īⁿ kap Lâm-pō͘ Kho-ha̍k Hn̂g-khu ê siat-li̍p, koh ū Kok-li̍p Sêng-kong Tāi-ha̍k kap Kok-li̍p Kau-thong Tāi-ha̍k Tâi-lâm Hāu-khu, hō͘ Tâi-lâm chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-oân lâm-pō͘ ê sán-ha̍k tiōng-tìn (pak-pō͘ sī Sin-tek-chhī), koan-kong hong-bīn ū An-pêng Kó͘-pó, Ek-chái Kim-siâⁿ téng-téng, ū Tâi-oân Kó͘-tō (台灣古都) kap Bí-si̍t chi To͘ (美食之都) ê chheng-hō.\n\n### Ko-hiông Toā To͘-hōe-khu\n\nKo-hiông to͘-hōe-khu ê thian-chè-soàⁿ\n#### Hoān-ûi\n\n**Ko-hiông tē-khu** kóng Ko-hiông-chhī kap Pîn-tong-koān ê pō͘-hūn tē-khu, sī Tâi-oân ê tē-jī toā to͘-hōe-khu.\n\n#### Biâu-su̍t\n\nKo-hiông-chhī sī Tâi-oân Chú-iàu ê tāng-kang-gia̍p hoat-tián khu-he̍k, lâm Tâi-oân ê tē-it toā siâⁿ-chī. In-ūi tē-lí ūi-tì iu-sè, Ko-hiông it-ti̍t chò-ûi tiōng-iàu ê kun-káng.\n\nKo-hiông ê hoat-tián, chú-iàu sī tī Tâi-oân ùi lông-gia̍p siā-hōe chián-hêng chò kang-gia̍p siā-hōe liáu-āu, 1950 nî-tāi chì 1960 nî-tāi, íkheng-kang-gia̍p ûi-chú, siat-tì Ko-hiông Ka-kang Chhut-kháu-khu. 1970 nî-tāi, si-hêng cha̍p-toā kiàn-siat, siat-li̍p Ko-hiông-káng lap toā-hêng chī-chûn-chhiúⁿ, liān-iû-chhiúⁿ, chio̍h-hoà-chhiúⁿ, lo̍h-bóe Ko-hiông-káng chiū it-ti̍t sī Tâi-oân tē-it toā hái-káng, sī Tâi-oân chìn-chhut-kháu ê tiōng-iàu káng-kháu. 1990 nî-tāi, tiong-iong chèng-hú bat kè-ōe hō͘ ióng-iú siang-káng iu-sè ê Ko-hiông sêng-li̍p hái-káng choán-ūn tiong-sim, tān-sī in-ūi A Thài êng-ūn tiong-sim kè-ōe thui-tōng bô sūn, tī 2000 nî āu pī àn-hā.\n\n2000 nî āu, Ko-hiông lio̍k-sio̍k ū toā-hêng kong-kiōng kiàn-siat, Ko-hiông Kok-ka Thé-io̍k-tiûⁿ, Ko-hiông Kū-tàn, Ài-hô chéng-tī, Ko-hiông Chhī-li̍p Tô͘-su-koán Chóng-koán, Ōe-bú-iâⁿ Gē-su̍t Bûn-hoà Tiong-sim, Hái-iûⁿ Bûn-hoà kip Liû-hêng Im-ga̍k Tiong-sim, Ko-hiông thih-lō͘ tē-hā-hoà, kap í-keng thong-chhia ê Ko-hiông Chiat-ūn, Tâi-oân Ko-thih, hō͘ Ko-hiông ê sán-gia̍p put-chài to̍k-to̍k tāng-kang-gia̍p. Tān-sī Ko-hiông to͘-hōe-khu iáu-sī biān-lîm sán-gia̍p goā-î kap jîn-kháu kiám-chió ê thiáu-chiàn, Ko-hiông tng-teh sán-gia̍p choán-î ê chìn-thòng-kî, jîn-kháu mā khì hō͘ Tâi-tiong to͘-hōe-khu chhiau-oa̍t.\n\nChhù to͘-hōe-khu\n----------------\n\n### Tēng-gī\n\nTī kāng-chi̍t ê khu-he̍k lāi, chi̍t ê ia̍h-sī chi̍t ê í-siōng ê tiong-sim to͘-chhī chò-ûi he̍k-sim, liân-kiat hām chit-ê tiong-sim to͘-chhī tī siā-hōe, keng-chè siōng ha̍p tàu-tīn ê chhī, tìn, hiong (ōe-seng chhī-tìn) só͘ kiōng-tông cho͘-sêng ê tē-khu, jî-chhiáⁿ khu lāi jîn-kháu chóng-sò͘ ta̍t 30-bān lâng í-siōng, 100-bān lâng í-hā (100-bān lâng í-siōng sī toā to͘-hōe-khu).\n\n### Sin-tek Chhù To͘-hōe-khu\n\nSin-tek Chhù To͘-hōe-khu\n#### Hoān-ûi\n\n**Sin-tek tē-khu** ū Sin-te̍k-chhī kap Sin-tek-koān kap Biâu-le̍k-koān的 ê pō͘-hūn tē-khu cho͘-sêng, sī Tâi-oân tē-la̍k toā to͘-hōe-khu. To͘-hōe-khu ê he̍k-sim sī Sin-tek-chhī Pak-khu, Sin-tek-koān ê hō͘-chek jîn-kháu teh-beh tu̍t-phoà 100-bān lâng, si̍t-chè toà tī hia ê jîn-kháu í-keng chhiau-kòe 100-bān lâng, teh-beh chiâⁿ-chò toā to͘-hōe-khu.\n\n#### Biâu-su̍t\n\nSin-tek tē-khu ê ki-bîn tī Sin-tek-chhī sī í Bân-lâm-lâng ûi-chú (75%), tī Sin-tek-koān sī í Kheh-ka-lâng ûi-chú. Sin-tek-chhī ê kau-thong piān-chia̍p, tì-sú jîn-kháu kū-cheng, bo̍k-chiân sī Tâi-oân chhut-seⁿ-lu̍t siōng-koân ê to͘-hōe-khu. Sin-tek-chhī ū ko-tō͘ ê kàu-io̍k chúi-chún, Kok-li̍p Chheng-hoâ Tāi-ha̍k, Kok-li̍p Kau-thong Tāi-ha̍k chē-chē miâ-hāu lóng tī chia. In-ūi jîn-kháu chhî-sio̍k sêng-tióng, kīn-nî í-lâi í-keng heng-kiàn Tâi-thih La̍k-ke-soàⁿ, kui-ōe Tek Tek Biâu kheng-kúi chē hāng toā-hêng kau-thong kiàn-siat lâi kái-koat kau-thong bûn-tê. Sin-tek Kho-ha̍k Hn̂g-khu hām 1930 nî Kang-gián-īⁿ ê siat-li̍p liáu-āu chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-oân的 ê ko-kho-ki tiōng-tìn, ū Tâi-oân si-lí-khóng soaⁿ-kok ê miâ-chheng, tī kok-goā iā ū tang-hong si-lí-khóng soaⁿ-kok ê chheng-hō. Chheng-kok sî-tāi chiū í-keng kiàn-li̍p Ke-lâng kàu Sin-tek ê thih-lō͘, Sin-tek Chhia-chām í-keng ū 100-goā tang ê le̍k-sú ah. Goân-té sī Taokas Cho̍k toà ê só͘-chāi. Tī 2007 nî, Ko-thih thong-chhia, Sin-tek kap kî-thaⁿ Tâi-oân siâⁿ-chhī kín-bi̍t liân-kiat, hō͘ siong-bū óng-lâi koh-khah khoài-sok. Kīn-oá ê 10 tang í-lâi, kang-siong-gia̍p hui-siông jia̍t-lo̍k, khip-ín goā koān-chhī bîn-chiòng chiân-lâi toà, mā in-chhú, Sin-tek chiâⁿ-chì Tai4-oân chió-sò͘ jîn-kháu tng-tej cheng-tióng ê to͘-hōe-khu, koh in-ūi sin-seⁿ-jî seng-io̍k-lu̍t koân, chiâⁿ-chò lāu-hoà chí-sò͘ kē ê siáu-liân siâⁿ-chhī.\n\n### Ka-gī Chhù To͘-hōe-khu\n\nKa-gī Chhù To͘-hōe-khu\n#### Hoān-ûi\n\n**Ka-gī tē-khu** pau-hâm Ka-gī-chhī, mā pau-hâm pō͘-hūn Ka-gī-koān ê hêng-chèng-khu só͘ cho͘-sêng ê to͘-hōe-khu, sī Ka-gī, pak Tâi-lâm kap Hûn-lîm siōng tiōng-iàu ê kau-thong, keng-chè kap i-liâu he̍k-sim.\n\n#### Biâu-su̍t\n\nŪi-tī Ka-lâm Pêng-goân ê tiong-sim tē-tài, tē-lí ūi-tì liông-hó. He̍k-sim to͘-chhī Ka-gī-chhī sī Hûn Ka Lâm tē-khu kīn-chhù-î Tâi-lâm-chhī ê tē-jī toā siâⁿ, iā sī nn̄g ê to͘-hōe-khu chi-kan (Tâi-tiong-chhī í-lâm kap Tâi-lâm-chhī í-pak) ê siōng-taō siâⁿ-chhī. Tān-sī kīn-nî lâi hoat-tián siū-hān, jin6-kháu cheng-ka sok-tō͘ khoaⁿ-bān, bo̍k-chiân sī Tâi-oân siōng-sè ê to͘-hōe-khu. Tî-liáu Ka-gī-chhī pún-sin í ho̍k-bū-gia̍p, siong-gia̍p kap pō-hūn kang-gia̍p ûichú í-goā, chiu-piⁿ tē-khu ú lông-gia̍p, kang-gia̍p, bûn-hoà koan-kong ûi-chú, kīn-nî í-lâi Ka-gī-chhī kap i-ê ōe-seng to͘-chhī chhin-chhiūⁿ Bîn-hiông, Chúi-siōng, Thià-pó téng-téng khu-he̍k, in-ūi kok-kài koan-kong chu-goân ê tâu-ji̍p, ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á choán-hêng chò koan-kong tiōng-tìn, tài-tōng khu-he̍k hoat-tián; A-lí-san sī iû lîm-gia̍p choán chò koan-kong-gia̍p ûi-chú, chit-má sī koan-kong sèng-tē, ū A-lí-san Sim-lîm Thih-lō͘ kap iû Ka-gī-koān Kong-chhia só͘ keng-êng ê Tâi-oân Hó-kiâⁿ A-lí-san-soàⁿ. Chit khu lāi ûi-it ê khong-káng sī Ka-gī Khong-káng, ū poe-óng Phêⁿ-ô͘ Má-kong kap Kim-mn̂g ê kò͘-tēng hâng-pan, mā ē-tàng pau-ki poe kok-chè-soàⁿ. Kīn-nî lâi tpu1-hōe-khu tiōng-iàu ê kau-thong kiàn-siat ū Ka-pak Chhia-chām, Ka-gī BRT kap Ka-gī Choán-ūn-chām, Ko-thih Ka-gī-chām, Kò͘-kiong Lâm-īⁿ téng-téng. Chit khu lāi ū Kok-li̍p Tiong-chèng Tāi-ha̍k, Kok-li̍p Ka-gī Tāi-ha̍k kúi keng ū-miâ ê ha̍k-hāu, khu-he̍k he̍k-sim Ka-gī-chhī iā sī khu-he̍k lāi ê i-liâu tiōng-sim, ióng-iú 10 keng pēⁿ-īⁿ, i-liâu siong-koan chiông-gia̍p pí-lē siong-tong koân.\n\nChham-khó\n---------","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân ê to͘-hōe-khu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,13542,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":15572}} -{"text":"Elfriede Jelinek\n**Elfriede Jelinek** (1946 nî 10-goe̍h 20 chhut-sì) sī 1-ūi Tang-kok ê cha-bó·-chú-gī hì-ke̍k-ka kiam siáu-soat-ka. I tit-tio̍h 2004 nî ê Nobel Bûn-ha̍k Chióng. Sím-cha tan-ūi phêng-lūn kóng: \"i ê siáu-soat kah hì-ke̍k thàu-kòe im-ga̍k-sèng ê siaⁿ-im/hoán-siaⁿ-im, po̍k-chhut siā-hōe ê chhàu-phú-ōe jōa-ni̍h-á hàm koh án-choáⁿ khì chi-phoè lâng\".\n\nJelinek tī Tang-kok Styria ê Mürzzuschlag-tìn chhut-sì. I tī kok-gōa sī siū lâng chun-kèng ê chok-ka, tī kok-lāi khiok-sī bô lâng-iân koh siū tio̍h chē-chē phoe-phêng. \n\nI tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ tī i ê tù-chok lāi-bīn thàm-thó cha-bó·-lâng ê sèng, te̍k-pia̍t sī hông chau-that, khó·-to̍k ê hit bīn. I iōng bô kám-chêng ê gí-giân biô-siá lâng kah lâng chi-kan châm-jím, chhau-chok koân-le̍k ê hō·-tōng koan-hē. I ê chhiú-toāⁿ tùi tho̍k-chiá ū chin tōa ê chìn-hām-sèng. Tùi i lâi kóng, koân-le̍k, chhim-lio̍k-sèng sī lâng ê koan-hē ê tōng-le̍k. I ê sàn-bûn kah hì-ke̍k ū bē-chió cheng-gī-sèng.\n\nI kīn-kî ê chok-phín khai-sí thàm-thó cha-bó·-chú-gī í-gōa ê gī-tê, ǹg it-poaⁿ-sèng ê siā-hōe phêng-lūn kiâⁿ. I ê hì-ke̍k hm̍h-hm̍h, m̄-koh bú-tâi siat-kè hôa-chhái, kiông-tiāu bú-tō-su̍t. I ê *Sportstück* thàm-thó thé-io̍k ê po̍k-le̍k kah fascio-chú-gī.\n\nChèng-tī siōng, i hoán-tùi Tang-kok Wolfgang Schüssel ín-chhoā ê iù-phài chèng-hú. I tùi 1974 nî chham-ka Tang-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng, kàu-kah 1991 nî.\n\nJelinek's ê siáu-soat *Die Klavierspielerin* ū kái chò tiān-iáⁿ (*Kǹg-khîm-ka*, 2001).\n\nI bô ài hong-sîn, mā kóng i kiaⁿ chheⁿ-hūn. I bô àn-sǹg chhin-sin chham-ka Nobel Chióng ê pan-chióng tián-lé. I ū kóng i hoaⁿ-hí tio̍h-chióng, m̄-koh i mā kám-kak ut-chut, in-ūi i taⁿ chiâⁿ-chò kong-kiōng jîn-bu̍t. I mā hoai-gî sī in-ūi i sī cha-bó·--ê chiah ē tio̍h-chióng.\n\nChok-phín\n---------\n\n### Siáu-soat\n\n* *bukolit. hörroman* 1979\n* *wir sind lockvögel baby!* 1970\n* *Michael. Ein Jugendbuch für die Infantilgesellschaft* 1972\n* *Die Liebhaberinnen* 1975\n* *Die Ausgesperrten* 1980\n* *Die Klavierspielerin* (Kǹg-khîm-ka) 1983\n* *Oh Wildnis, oh Schutz vor ihr* 1985\n* *Lust* 1989\n* *Die Kinder der Toten* 1997\n* *Gier* 2000\n\n### Hì-kek\n\n* *Was geschah, nachdem Nora ihren Mann verlassen hatte*; 1977\n* *Clara S.*; 1981\n* *Burgtheater*; 1983\n* *Krankheit oder Moderne Frauen*; 1984\n* *Präsident Abendwind*; 1987\n* *Wolken.Heim*; 1988\n* *Totenauberg*; 1991\n* *Raststätte*; 1994\n* *Stecken, Stab und Stangl*; 1996\n* *Ein Sportstück*; 1998\n* *er nicht als er*; 1998\n* *In den Alpen*\n* *Das Werk*\n* *Prinzessinnendramen*\n* *Bambiland*; 2003\n\n### Hoan-e̍k\n\n* *Die Enden der Parabel* Thomas Pynchon ê siáu-soat; 1976\n* *Herrenjagd* Georges Feydeau ê hì-kek; 1983\n* *Floh im Ohr* Georges Feydeau ê hì-kek; 1986\n* *Der Gockel* Georges Feydeau ê hì-kek; 1986\n* *Die Affaire Rue de Lourcine* Eugène Labiche ê hì-kek; 1988\n* *Die Dame vom Maxim* Georges Feydeau ê hì-kek; 1990\n* *Der Jude von Malta* Christopher Marlowe ê hì-kek; 2001\n* *Ernst sein ist alles* Oscar Wilde ê hì-kek; 2004\n* Lyrik und Kurzgeschichten (latein-)amerikanischer AutorInnen\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* I ê bāng-chām (Tek-gí)\n* Nobel Chióng ê siāu-kài-bûn","meta":{"title":"Elfriede Jelinek","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[979,2722,0.35966201322556945],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3356}} -{"text":"Sendai hái-hoāⁿ ê siū-chai chêng-hêng.\n**Ji̍t-pún Tang-pak tē-hng tē-tāng** hoat-seng tī tong-tē sî-kan 2011 nî 3 goe̍h 11 ji̍t 14 sî 46 hun; tē-tāng tiong-sim tī Ji̍t-pún Tang-pak tē-hng Sanriku ê kīn-hái. Tē-tāng ê lēng-liōng kui-bô͘ ū M9.0, sī Ji̍t-pún ū kho-ha̍k kì-lio̍k í-lâi siāng toā ê tē-tāng.\n\nTē-tāng ín-khí toā kui-bô͘ ê hái-tiòng kap hoé-chai, koh ū goân-chú-le̍k hoat-tiān-só͘ ê sún-hāi. Kun-kù 2017 nî 3 goe̍h 10 ji̍t ê pò-kò, ū 15,893 lâng sí-bông; 2,553 lâng sit-chong.\n\nTē-tāng khài-iàu\n----------------\n\nTē-tāng tiong-sim hun-pò͘ ê koan-chhek tē-tô͘\nKun-kù Bí-kok USGS ê koan-chhek, chú-chìn ê lêng-liōng kui-bô͘ ū M9.0. Tē-tāng ê tiong-sim tī Tang-pak tē-hng tang-pêng kīn-hái, tāi-iok lî Osika poàn-tó 130 kong-lí, chhim-tō͘ 24.4 kong-lí chó-iū.\n\nTī Ji̍t-pún chāi-tē, Khì-siōng-thiaⁿ kā tē-tāng hō chò \"Heisei 23 nî (2011 nî) Tang-pak tē-hng Thài-pêng-iûⁿ chhiong tē-chìn\" (平成23年（2011年）東北地方太平洋沖地震). Lēng-goā mā ū NHK só͘ hō ê \"Tang-pak Koan-tang toā chìn-chai\" (東北関東大震災), Sankei, Asahi ê \"Tang Ji̍t-pún toā chìn-chāi\" (東日本大震災) téng-téng.\n\nKàu 4 goe̍h 12 ji̍t, lóng-chóng ū chhiau-koè 410 kài M5.0 í-sōng ê î-chìn.\n\nKiù-chai\n--------\n\nMiyagi-koān Sendai-chhī ê hái-hoāⁿ tī hái-tiòng chhim-hāi liáu-āu hoat-kiàn 200 kàu 300-ūi sí-chiá.. Tī Iwate-koān ê Rikuzentakata-chhī chhī-ke mā hoat-kiàn 300 kàu 400-ūi sí-chiá.\n\nSiong-bông\n----------\n\nChiàu 2017 nî 3 goe̍h 10 ji̍t Ji̍t-pún Kéng-chhat-thiaⁿ ê pò-kò, thóng-kè ū sí-bông 15,893 lâng, sit-chong 2,553 lâng, siū-siong 6152 lâng. Kok-tē sò͘-jī chiàu ē-bīn ê piáu:\n\n| Hêng-chèng-khu | Sí-bông | Sit-chong | Siū-siong |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Pak-hái-tō | 1 | | 3 |\n| Aomori-koān | 3 | 1 | 112 |\n| Iwate-koān | 4,673 | 1,122 | 213 |\n| Miyagi-koān | 9,540 | 1,230 | 4,145 |\n| Akita-koān | | | 11 |\n| Yamagata-koān | 2 | | 29 |\n| Fukushima-koān | 1,613 | 197 | 183 |\n| Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘ | 7 | | 117 |\n| Ibaraki-koān | 24 | 1 | 712 |\n| Totigi-koān | 4 | | 133 |\n| Gunma-koān | 1 | | 42 |\n| Saitama-koān | | | 45 |\n| Tiba-koān | 21 | 2 | 258 |\n| Kanagawa-koān | 4 | | 138 |\n| Niigata-koān | | | 3 |\n| Yamanasi-koān | | | 2 |\n| Nagano-koān | | | 1 |\n| Sizuoka-koān | | | 3 |\n| Gihu-koān | | | |\n| Mie-koān | | | 1 |\n| Tokusima-koān | | | |\n| Koti-koān | | | 1 |\n| Chóng-kè | 15,893 | 2,553 | 6,152 |\n\nHái-tiòng\n---------\n\nHái-tiòng ê thoân-pò sî-kan ko͘-sǹg.\nTē-tāng ín-khí ê hái-tiòng tùi Sanriku tē-khu chō-sêng chin toā ê ûi-hāi, Iwate-koān kap Miyagi-koān lóng siù toā hái-tiòng lâi chhim-hāi, chin choē lio̍k-tē hō͘ im khì. Ji̍t-pún kok tē toā-hūn só͘-chāi mā lóng hoat-pò͘ hái-tiòng kéng-pò. \n\nTû-liáu Ji̍t-pún, tī Thài-pêng-iûⁿ sì-chiu-ûi, pâu-hâm Tâi-oân, Hui-li̍p-pin, Lō͘-se-a, Niú-se-lân, Guam kap chit-koá kî-tha ê Thài-pêng-iûⁿ tó-sū, koh ū pō͘-hūn ê Bí-chiu iân-hái, long ū hoat-pò͘ hái-tiòng kéng-pò, mā koan-chhek tio̍h kui-bô͘ put-téng ê chúi-tiòng.\n\nHái-tiòng tī Bí-kok California mā ín-khí chāi-hāi.\n\nHoé-chai\n--------\n\nTī Miyagi-koān ê Kesennuma-chhī in-ūi tàng-iû tùi iû-chô goā sia̍p, ín-khí choân chhī toā kui-bô͘ hoé-sio. Sendai-chhī ê JX kong-si chè-iû-só͘ mā ū chhut hoé ê chêng-hêng.\n\nTī Tiba-koān, Itihara-chhī, mā ū Cosmo Chio̍h-iû kong-si ê chè-iû-só͘ po̍k-chà. Tī Tiba-chhī, JFE Kǹg-thih kong-si ê chè-thih-só͘ mā ū po̍k-chà ê chêng-hêng.\n\n14 ji̍t, Iwate-koān Morioka-chhī ê pa̍h-hoè-tiàm po̍k-chà, chō-sêng siong-bông.\n\nTiān-le̍k sún-hāi\n-----------------\n\nKúi-a ūi ê hoat-tiān-só͘ lóng thêng-chí ūn-chok. Aomori-koān, Akita-koān, Iwate-koān choân-bīn thêng-tiān; Yamagata-koān, Miyagi-koān toā-hūn thêng-tiān; Kui-ê Tang-pak tē-hng tāi-iok ū 440 bān hō͘ thêng-tiān. Koan-tang tē-hng mā ū 405 bān hō͘ thêng-tiān.\n\nTī tē-tāng liáu-āu, Ji̍t-pún kok tē Tang-pak Tiān-le̍k kap Tang-kiaⁿ Tiān-le̍k kong-si ê kong-tiān tē-khu si̍t-si kè-oē-sèng ê hiān-tiān.\n\nHu̍t-chú chai-hāi\n-----------------\n\nTang-kiaⁿ Tiān-le̍k kong-si ê Hukusima Tē-it Goân-chú-le̍k Hoat-tiān-só͘ ê 1-hō-ki goā-khak hoat-seng po̍k-chà, ū chió-liōng hòng-siā-sèng bu̍t-chit ia̍t chhut, hū-kīn chū-bîn so͘-khai. 14 ji̍t, kâng chi̍t keng hoat-tiān-só͘ ê 3-hō-ki chài po̍k-chà. Nn̄g kài ê po̍k-chà sī chúi-sò͘ chū-chi̍p chō-sêng.\n\n15 ji̍t, 2-hō-ki ê goân-chú-lô͘ po̍k-hoat, iông-khì ū sún-siong; lēng-goā 4-hō-ki ê jiân-liāu-chô mā po̍k-chà.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. 1 2 \"USGS analysis as of 2011-03-12\". Earthquake.usgs.gov. 2011-03-13 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. 1 2 \"Damage Situation and Police Countermeasures associated with 2011Tohoku district - off the Pacific Ocean Earthquake\" (PDF). *警察庁*. 2017-03-10. 2017-03-11 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Séisme et tsunami dévastateurs: plus de 1000 morts et disparus au Japon\". Le Parisien. 2011-03-11. 2011-03-13 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"Tsunami hits north-eastern Japan after massive quake\". *BBC News*. 2011-03-11. 2011-03-13 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"「平成23年（2011年）東北地方太平洋沖地震」について（第2報）\". 気象庁. 2011-03-11. 2011-03-13 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ NHKニュース 東北関東大震災（動画）\n7. ↑ 仙台放送局 東北関東大震災\n8. ↑ 東日本大震災の安否情報・被害状況\n9. ↑ \"１カ月でＭ５以上余震が４１０回、年平均の２・６倍\". MSN産経ニュース. 2011-04-12. 2011-04-12 khòaⁿ--ê.\n10. ↑ \"巨大地震、死者・不明660人 仙台では遺体200人以上\". 日本経済新聞社. 2011-03-12. 2011-03-12 khòaⁿ--ê.\n11. ↑ \"【仙台市若林区の遺体は200～300人か 宮城県内の死者は16人に】\". 毎日新聞. 2011-03-11. 2010-03-12 khòaⁿ--ê.\n12. ↑ \"陸前高田 300～400人の遺体\". NHK. 2011-03-12. 2010-03-12 khòaⁿ--ê.\n13. ↑ \"Waves sweep 4 out to sea in Crescent City as tsunami surges reach west coast\". News10.net. 2011-03-11. 2011-03-11 khòaⁿ--ê.\n14. ↑ \"気仙沼で大規模火災、陸前高田市街壊滅的被害\". 読売新聞. 2011-03-12. 2011-03-12 khòaⁿ--ê.\n15. ↑ JX日鉱日石エネルギー ニュースリリース 2011年3月11日\n16. ↑ \"コスモ石油でタンク爆発 千葉県市原市\". MSN産経ニュース. 2011-03-11. 2011-03-12 khòaⁿ--ê.\n17. ↑ \"タンクに相次ぎ延焼 千葉・製油所火災で3人重軽傷\". スポニチ. 2011-03-11. 2011-03-13 khòaⁿ--ê.\n18. ↑ \"盛岡の百貨店で爆発、男性１人死亡　１１人けが\". MSN産経ニュース. 2011-03-14. 2011-03-14 khòaⁿ--ê.\n19. ↑ \"東北地方の440万世帯で停電」\". YOMIURI ONLINE. 2011-03-11.\n20. ↑ \"東京電力 405万世帯で停電」\". NHKニュース. 2011-03-11.\n21. ↑ 東京電力からのお願い, 東京電力\n22. ↑ 最大限の節電ならびに緊急的な計画停電実施へのご協力のお願いについて, 東北電力\n23. ↑ \"Tsunami victims suffer as Japan struggles with nuclear accident\". Reuters. 2011-03-12. 2011-03-13 khòaⁿ--ê.\n24. ↑ \"Explosion at Japan nuclear plant\". BBC News. 2011-03-14. 2011-03-14 khòaⁿ--ê.\n25. ↑ \"福島４号機の燃料プールで爆発　２号機も格納容器に損傷　放射性物質が漏出か\". MSN産経ニュース. 2011-03-15. 2011-03-15 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n **2011 nî Ji̍t-pún tē-tāng** tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn.\n\n* 平成23年（2011年）東北地方太平洋沖地震への対応, 首相官邸\n* 東北地方太平洋沖地震, Google Crisis Response\n* 東日本大震災：東北地方太平洋沖地震に関する情報, MSN Japan","meta":{"title":"2011 nî Ji̍t-pún Tang-pak tē-hng tē-tāng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2640,6141,0.4298974108451392],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7462}} -{"text":"***Khu-pia̍t-ia̍h:** Ū kúi-nā-ê lâng hō·-chò Iûⁿ Sam-lông*\n**Iûⁿ Sam-lông** (楊三郎, 1919 nî 10-goe̍h 18 – 1990 nî 5-goe̍h 25), Tâi-oân ê liû-hêng-koa ga̍k-su, chok-khek-ka. I tī 1940, 50 nî-tāi hoat-piáu ê koa-iâu kàu-taⁿ iû-goân chiâⁿ chhut-miâ.\n\nI tī Tâi-pak Éng-hô, āu--lâi ê Jîn-ài-ke hia chhut-sì, pún-miâ Iûⁿ Ngó·-sêng (楊我成). Ka-thêng bô siáⁿ keng-chè lêng-le̍k. Bat poaⁿ khì kàu Toā-tiū-tiâⁿ, tī hia tha̍k Ji̍t-sin Kong-ha̍k-hāu. Chū sè-hàn tùi ga̍k-khì te̍k-pia̍t chhù-bī, kong-ha̍k-hāu, tiong-ha̍k lóng ū chham-ka ga̍k-tūi, pûn lá-pah. 18-hoè chhut-gia̍p liáu-āu, seng tī bú-thiaⁿ chò tiān-thui ho̍k-bū-seng. Ū Ji̍t-pún-lâng kài-siāu i khì Ji̍t-pún o̍h im-ga̍k. Pún-té siūⁿ beh tha̍k chèng-sek ê im-ga̍k ha̍k-hāu, m̄-koh chhù--lìn hoán-tùi, ko·-put-chiong toè ga̍k-su sai-hū Simizu Sigeo (Ji̍t-bûn: 清水茂雄) o̍h chok-khek, pian-khek, ga̍k-lí 3-tang (1937-1940). \"Sam-lông\" chit ê miâ tō-sī hit chām-á hō--ê.\n\n1940 nî i lī-khui Ji̍t-pún khì kàu Boán-chiu, chiân-āu bat tī Tāi-liân, Tn̂g-chhun, Sím-iông, Chheng-tó ê bú-thiaⁿ tam-jīm ga̍k-su. 1944 nî tńg khì Tâi-oân.\n\nChiàn-āu Ē-mn̂g ê 1 keng bú-thiaⁿ phèng i khì hia tam-jīm ga̍k-su. I kā bó·-kiáⁿ lâu tī Tâi-oân, ka-kī 1 ê khì chia̍h thâu-lō·. Chhut-hoat chêng phó· 1 tiâu \"Khó·-loân-koa\", tńg--lâi sî í-keng chin sî-kiâⁿ.\n\n1946 nî i chó· ga̍k-tūi ka-ji̍p tong-sî ê Tiong-iong Tiān-tâi (chêng Tâi-pak Hòng-sàng-kio̍k) chò hiān-tiûⁿ ê ián-chàu. Tiān-tâi ta̍k-kó·-goe̍h hoat-piáu sin koa, im-ga̍k chó·-tiúⁿ Lū Choân-seng tō kó·-lē i phó·-khek. I hām ga̍k-tūi ê kó·-chhiú Nakano ha̍p-chok chhòng-chok \"Bāng Lí Chá Kui\", iû Nakano chok-sû, keng-koè tiān-tâi kóng-pò, chū án-ne toā liû-hêng--khí-lâi.\n\nI tī 1948 nî a̍h-sī 1951 nî bat tī Tâi-pak chhī-lāi kí-pān koa-khek hoat-piáu-hoē. (Ū-ê chu-liāu jīn-ûi sī tī Tiong-san-tn̂g, ū-ê jīn-ûi tī Îⁿ-khoân hù-kīn ê \"Sin Tâi-oân Kong-kiōng Si̍t-tn̂g\".) I án-ne lâi se̍k-sāi bī-lâi ê ha̍p-chok tùi-siōng Chiu Thiam-ōng. Chiu--sian sī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê chiân-poè chok-sû-ka; in 2 lâng āu--lâi ha̍p-chok oân-sêng chin chē ê chok-phín, chhin-chhiūⁿ \"Chhiu-hong-iā-ú\", \"Su-liām Kò·-hiong\", \"Ko·-loân-hoe\", \"Tâi-pak Siōng-ngó· Lêng-sî\", \"Chhiu-oàn\" téng-téng chhut-miâ ê koa lóng-sī.\n\n1953 nî cho· O·-niau Koa-bú-thoân, 1965 nî kiat-sok chìn-chêng tī kui-ê Tâi-oân \"cháu kang-ô·\" ián-chhut kok-chióng se-hng ê jazz liû-hêng-ga̍k. I chit toāⁿ sî-kan hām Chiu Thiam-ōng ha̍p-siá ê khek te̍k-pia̍t chhut-miâ. Liáu-āu in-ūi koa-bú-thoân oh tō·, i kái kiâⁿ Tâi-gí tiān-iáⁿ phoè-im ê thâu-lō· 10-goā-nî, put-jî-kò ji̍t-chí bô hó koè. I chit toaⁿ sî-kan ê chok-phín, pán-koân toā-pō·-hūn bē hō· Hái-soaⁿ (海山) Chhiùⁿ-phìⁿ Kong-si. I bat piáu-sī kóng, i bô siū-tio̍h tù-chok-koân hoat-lu̍t ê pó-chiong, che kiám-chhái sī i bô-hoat-tō· tī ga̍k-kàu sêng-chûn ê in-sò·, só·-í i āu--lâi hi-bāng chèng-hú ē-tit-thang ka-kiông siong-koan ê chèng-chhek. I mā hiō-hoé tong-sî tī hit-khoán put-lī ê siā-hoē tiâu-kiāⁿ chi-hā, bô àn-chiàu pē-bó ê ì-sù kiâⁿ pa̍t tiâu lō·.\n\nTâi-pak koān-chèng-hú tī 1992 nî 10-goe̍h kí-pān i ê gián-thó-hoē, chu-liāu tián-lám kap kúi-nā-tiûⁿ ián-chhiùⁿ-hoē, jī-chhiáⁿ chhut-pán siong-koan ê kì-liām chu-liāu, pau-koat 1 tè CD.\n\nChhut-miâ ê chok-phín\n---------------------\n\nIn-ūi chham-khó chu-liāu thê-kiong ê ji̍t-kî tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sio-ta̍h-thut, ē-kha pō·-hūn iok-kî-liōng lia̍t-chhut.\n\n* Bāng Lí Chá Kui (c. 1946)\n* Khó·-loân-koa (1947)\n* Ī-hiong-iā-goe̍h (異鄉夜月, c. 1947)\n* Hông-hun Chài-hoē (c. 1949)\n* Lo̍h-hoe-lūi-iáⁿ (落花淚影, 1950)\n* Káng-to·-iā-ú (1951)\n* Chhiu-hong-iā-ú (1954)\n* Su-liām Kò·-hiong (1954)\n* Tâi-pak Siōng-ngó· Lêng-sî (1954)\n* Chhun-hong Koa-siaⁿ (c. 1954)\n* Ko·-loân-hoe (c. 1957)\n* Chhiu-oàn (秋怨, 1957)","meta":{"title":"Iûⁿ Sam-lông (im-ga̍k-ka)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[314,3556,0.08830146231721035],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4127}} -{"text":"Bé-chhia sī chi̍t-koá Amisch lâng chú-iàu ê kau-thong kang-khū (2004 nî)\n**Amisch** (Eng-gí: *Amish*) sī 1 tīn chài-chìm-lé-phài ê Ki-tok-tô͘, chú-iàu khiā tī Bí-kok kap Canada Ontario Séng. In khiā tī chong-kàu lí-iû, kā ka-kī hām goā-kài ê chú-liû hiān-tāi siā-hoē hun-khui. In bô chiông-kun, bô chiap-siū chèng-hú chi-oān, chin chē kū-choa̍t pān pó-hiám. In in-ūi hān-chè chi̍t-koá sin ki-su̍t ê lī-iōng (chhin-chhiūⁿ chū-tōng-chhia, tiān-oē), tī goā-kài te̍k-pia̍t chhut-miâ. Toā-hūn kóng 1 chióng Tek-gí-hē ê hong-giân hō chò *Deitsch* (\"Tek-gí\"). In pun chò sò͘-10-tīn thoân-khè, sûi ê koh pun chò to̍k-li̍p ê khu ia̍h kàu-hoē. Ta̍k ê khu ū ka-kī bô siá chò jī ê kui-kí, hō chò *Ordnung*. Siōng pó-siú ê Amisch kiò chò Kū Amisch Tia̍t-sū (Old Order Amish). Sin Amisch Tia̍t-sū (New Order Amish) ū chiap-siū chi̍t-koá sin ki-su̍t.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nAmisch kap Bûn-nó͘-hoē sio-siâng, sī Au-chiu 16 sè-kí chho͘-kî ê Ki-tok-kàu Sin-kàu ūn-tōng lāi-bīn ê Sūi-se Chài-chìm-lé-phài. Tī 1693 nî, Jacob Amman chhoā--ê phài tùi Sūi-se Bûn-nó͘-phài hun-lia̍t--chhut-lâi, goân-in sī Amman kian-chhî ài giâm-keh siám-pī hit-koá bô siú kàu-hoē kui-kí ê hūn-chú.\n\nChū 18 sè-kí, khai-sí ū Amisch î-bîn khì kah Bí-kok, chú-iàu ūi beh siám-phiah chong-kàu pek-hāi kap chiông-kun ê iau-kiû. Chē-chē toà Pennsylvania, Lancaster County khiā-khí. Kî-thaⁿ ê thoân-thé āu--lâi khiā tī pa̍t-chiu ia̍h-sī soá khì hia, pau-koat tī Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Maryland, Tennessee, Wisconsin, Maine. Mā ū khì kah Canada--ê. Lâu tī Au-chiu ê kàu-hoē ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á hām Bûn-nó͘-phài ha̍p-pèng, siōng boé-ê tī 1937 nî.\n\nToā-hūn ê Bí-chiu Amisch siā-khu āu--lâi sit-khì in ê Amisch jīn-tông. Siōng chá-kî ê toā hun-lia̍t tī 1860 nî-tāi. Hit-chūn ū chú-kàu khui toā hoē-gī gī-lūn án-choáⁿ èng-hù hiān-tāi siā-hoē ê ap-le̍k. Chóng--sī pó-siú-phài chin kín tō thoè--chhut-khì. Toā-hūn ê chìn-pō͘-phài āu--lâi lóng pìⁿ-chiâⁿ Bûn-nó͘-phài.\n\nKè-ta̍t-koan\n------------\n\nAmisch ê kè-ta̍t-koan lâi chū in chhiâng-chāi ín-iōng ê Sèng-keng keng-cha̍t:\n\n* \"M̄-thang chiong bô sìn Chú ê lâng khòaⁿ-chò tông-téng ê, siūⁿ-boeh lâi kap in kau-chhap, in-ūi bē-ēng-tit án-ne. Kong-chèng kap put-hoat kám ē-tàng chò-hóe? Kong-bêng kap o·-àm kám ē-tàng tòa chò-hóe?\" (Ko-lîm-to Hō͘-su 6:14)\n* \"Lín tio̍h lī-khui in, tio̍h kap in hun-lī. M̄-thang chiap-chhiok bô chheng-khì ê, án-ne Góa chiū ē kā lín chiap-siū.\" (Ko-lîm-to Hō͘-su 6:17)\n* \"Lín m̄-thang kap sè-sio̍k tông-hòa, tio̍h hō· Siōng-chú lâi kā lín kái-piàn, keng-sin lín ê sim-chì, lín chiah ē bêng-pe̍k sím-mih sī Siōng-chú ê chí-ì; sím-mih sī hó-sū, sím-mih sī Siōng-chú só· hoaⁿ-hí ê, sím-mih sī ôan-chôan ê.\" (Lô-má-su 12:2)\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Amisch*** |\n\n* Amish (Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online)\n* Amish in the jungle Archived 2007-01-03 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Amisch","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[772,2832,0.2725988700564972],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3365}} -{"text":"Phage ê kiat-kòo :1 — thâu (DNA), 2 — boé-liu, 3 — hu̍t-sng, 4 — i-khak, 5 — «i-niá», 6 — siu-sok siàu, 7 — boé siam-uî, 8 — chiam-chhì, 9 — té-puâñ.\nPhage T4 ê kái-phió-ha̍k kah kám-jiám chiu-kî.\n**Bacteriophage** (Eng-gí ho͘-im: /ˈbækˈtɪər.i.oʊˌfeɪdʒ/, gí-goân: bacteria \"sè-khún\" + phagein \"chia̍h\"), kán-lio̍k **phage** (\"hoè-jih\"), sī ē-sài kám-jiám sè-khún pēng-chhiá tī khún thé-lāi siⁿ-thòaⁿ ê pēⁿ-to̍k. Bacteriophage ki-pún ê kò͘-chō sī nn̄g-pe̍h-chit gōa-khak kap pau tī khak lāi ê tùi DNA he̍k-chiá RNA kò͘-sêng ê ûi-thoân-thé. In-ê khah chió ê ū 4-ê ûi-thoân-chú, khah chē ē-tàng kàu kúi pah ê.\n\nBacteriophage tī seng-bu̍t chi tiong siāng phó͘-phiàn ê chi̍t khoán. \"Bacteriophage\" chit lūi m̄ sī ûi-thoân he̍k-chiá chìn-hòa siōng ê hun-lūi, i sī àn-chiàu tùi sè-khùn kám-jiám ê lêng-le̍k tēng-gī chhut--lâi ê lūi-pia̍t, kî-tiong hâm 1 bo̍k (order) kap 13-ê kho (family), lóng-chóng chhiau-kòe 5,100 khoán phage. In oa̍h tī chhiau-kòe 140 khoán ê sè-khún he̍k-chiá kó͘-sè-khún ê sio̍k (genus) lāi-bīn.\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ H.-W. Ackermann (2003) Bacteriophage observations and evolution. *Research in Microbiology*.\n\nChham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* Hauser, AR (2016). \"Beyond Antibiotics: New Therapeutic Approaches for Bacterial Infections\". *Clinical Infectious Diseases*. **63** (1): 89–95. doi:10.1093/cid/ciw200. PMC 4901866 Freely accessible. PMID 27025826.\n* Strathdee, Steffanie; Patterson, Tom (2019). *The Perfect Predator*. Hachette Books. ISBN 978-0316418089.\n\nChham-oa̍t\n----------\n\n* Phage T4(eng-gí: Escherichia virus T4; hàn-gí: T4噬菌體)\n* I-khak (eng-gí: capsid; hàn-gí: 衣殼)\n* Kám-jiám (eng-gí: infection; hàn-gí: 感染)\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Bacteriophage*** |\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikiquote ū ***Bacteriophage*** ê ín-iōng-kù. |\n\n* Häusler, T. (2006) \"Viruses vs. Superbugs\", Macmillan\n* Animation of bacteriophage targeting E. coli bacteria\n* Phage.org general information on bacteriophages\n* bacteriophages illustrations and genomics\n* Bacteriophages get a foothold on their prey","meta":{"title":"Bacteriophage","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[794,1850,0.4291891891891892],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2304}} -{"text":"**Lí Sin** (李紳; 772-nî — 846-nî), jī Kong-suî (公垂), Tiong-kok Tông-tāi Po̍k-tsiu (hiān-kim An-hui) jîn-sū, tshut-sì teh Oo-tîng [zh] (hiān-kim ê Tiong-kok Tsiat-kang Ôo-tsiu, sîng-tióng teh Jūn-tsiu Bû-sik (hiān-kim ê Tiong-kok Kang-soo). Lí Sin sī Tiong-kok Tông-tāi tāi-sîn, pat tsham-ú kuè Tông-tiâu ê Gû-lí Tóng-tsing [zh] (牛李黨爭). Iah-sī si-jîn, bûn-ha̍k-sū; tsham-ú kuè sin-ga̍k-hú ê ūn-tōng.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 《旧唐书》卷一百七十七：\"紳六歲而孤，母盧氏教以經義。紳形狀眇小而精悍，能為歌詩。鄉賦之年，諷誦多在人口。\" (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Gû-lí Tóng-cheng [zh] (Gû-lí Tóng-tsing/牛李黨爭)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 李紳\n* 請不要再污衊寫下「鋤禾日當午」的那個唐朝詩人\n* Books of the *Quan Tangshi* that include collected poems of Li Shen at the Chinese Text Project:\n\t+ Book 480\n\t+ Book 481\n\t+ Book 483\n\t+ Book 483\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 38200449\n* LCCN: n79118745\n* SUDOC: 174330553\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Lí Sin","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[403,823,0.4896719319562576],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1074}} -{"text":"\n**Khe san hîng-lí tôo** (hàn-gú: 谿山行旅圖) uî Tiong-kok Ngóo-tāi bua̍t Pak Sòng tshoo uē-ka Huān Khuan (范寬) ê tsok-phín; sú-iōng si-tsit ê kìn tsok-uî uē-pòo, thán-ti̍t 206.3 cm, hîng-khuah 103.3 cm. Í tshián-tām ê sik-tshái tsò ki̍k-uî tsâm-gâm kòo-tôo; huân-nā san-tshuan liû-suí, ko-san giâm-tsio̍h kai tsām-gám kau-lik, pīng-tshiánn thîng-hiān tshut li̍p-thé ê khong-kan kám; lî-tshiánn jîn-bu̍t, bé-phit iah ē-tàng teh tshùn-tshioh ki̍k-uî biáu-siáu ê hiàn-tsè tsi-hā ua̍h-lîng ua̍h-hiàn. Kì-thuân Bîng-tāi Tóng Kî-tshiong (董其昌) phîng-kè tsit-pak uē uî \"Sòng uē tē-it\" (宋畫第一). Hiān-tsú-sî siu-tsông teh Tâi-pak Kok-li̍p Kòo-kiong Phok-bu̍t-īnn.\n\nKòo-kiong sam pó\n----------------\n\nHuān Khuan \"Khe san hîng-lí tôo\" kah Kok Hi (郭熙) \"Tsó tshun tôo\" (早春圖), Lí Tông (李唐) \"Bān hok siông-hong tôo\" (萬壑松風圖) sann-kiānn siu-tsông teh Tâi-pak kok-li̍p Kòo-kiong Phok-bu̍t-īnn ê tuā-pak san-suí tsok-phín, hông ū-uî \"Kòo-kiong sam pó\" (故宮三寶).\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 《大觀：北宋書畫特展圖錄》。2006年，國立故宮博物院。 ISBN 9789575625047 (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Tsó tshun tôo (早春圖)\n* Bān hok siông-hong tôo (萬壑松風圖)\n* Mahāvaipulya Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 宋西元960-1279范寬谿山行旅 (Hàn-gí)\n* 解讀范寬《谿山行旅圖》密碼（上） (Hàn-gí)\n* 與神遇：再訪范寬故里的新發現 (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Khe san hêng-lí tô͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[760,1705,0.44574780058651026],"infobox":["
    Khe san hîng-lí tôo
    \n\"Huān
    Gē-su̍t-ka\nHuān Khuan
    Nî\nPak Sòng（10 sè-kí bua̍t－11 sè-kí tshoo）
    Châi-liāu\nKìn
    Ūn-tōng\nSuí-ba̍k uē水、San-suí uē、Kài uē
    Chhùn-chhioh\n206.3 cm × 103.3 cm (81.2 in × 40.7 in)
    Designation\nSòng Huān Khuan Khe san hîng-lí tôo tio̍k
    Só͘-chāi\n\"\" Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok (Tâi-oân) Tâi-pak Sū-lîm-khuKok-li̍p Kòo-kiong Phok-bu̍t-īnn
    Accession\n故畫00005300000
    Website\nKok-li̍p Kòo-kiong Phok-bu̍t-īnn su-uē tián-tsông tsu-liāu kiám-sok hē-thóng (國立故宮博物院書畫典藏資料檢索系統)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1475}} -{"text":"Mathias E. Mnyampala (1917-1969) sī chi̍t ūi Tanzania ê lu̍t-su, chèng-tī ūn-tōng chiá, le̍k-sú ha̍k-chiá, mā sī chok-ka. I ū siá sòaⁿ-bûn, jî-chhiáⁿ i iōng Kiswahili bûn só͘ siá ê si mā chiâⁿ chhut-miâ.\n**Mathias E. Mnyampala** (1917–1969) sī chi̍t ūi Tanzania ê chok-ka, lu̍t-su koh mā sī si-jîn. Kin-kù Mnyampala tī 1956 só͘ lâu--ê kò-jîn chu-liāu ê kì-lio̍k, i sī tī 11 goe̍h 18 chhut-sì, chóng--sī i tī he siá i ka-tī ê kò͘-sū ê chheh lāi-té kóng i kan-ta ū khak-tēng i chhut-sì ê hit tang niā-tiāⁿ. I chhut-sì ê Muntundya lông-chhoan sī tī Dodoma khu lāi-té ê Chamwino khu ê Ihumwa chhun. Hit tong-sî hia sī sio̍k-î Tek-kok ê Tang Hui-chiu. I 1969 nî 6 goe̍h chhe 8 tī Tanzania ê Dodoma chhī kòe-sin. Mnyampala i bô iōng i ka-tī ê cho̍k-gí Cigogo ōe lâi siá-chok, chóng--sī i iōng Tang Hui-chiu ê phó͘-thong ōe Swahili lâi siá.\n\nMnyampala i só͘ siá ê chheh chhiau-kòe 25 pún. Tang-tiong pau-koat *Historia, mila, na desturi za Wagogo (Gogo Lâng: Le̍k-sú, Hong-sio̍k, kap Thoân-thóng)*, sī chi̍t pún siá Gogo lâng siū Eng-kok sit-bîn chèng-hú só͘ thóng-tī ê le̍k-sú chheh. Chit pún chheh ū hō͘ Gregory H. Maddox ka hoan-e̍k chò Eng-gí tī 1995 nî chhut-pán.\n\nTī Tanzania siū sit-bîn thóng-tī ê sî-kî, Mnyampala i tī Dodoma ê Pún-tē Châi-chèng Pō͘ tam-jīm Sòe-bū Oân. Ūi tio̍h beh siu sòe-kim kap chìn-hêng jîn-kháu kap lâng ê châi-sán ê phó͘-phiàn tiâu-cha, i hit-chūn kui ê Ugogo tē-khu lóng sì-kè khì. Tio̍h sī in-ūi án-ne i khì hām Gogo ê thoân-thóng Ông, Chō Hō͘ Chiá Watemi ū chiap-chhiok. Watemi chiong i khai 10 tang phah-piàⁿ só͘ chò--ê kháu-gí chu-liāu thê-kiong hō͘ i thang siá hit pún le̍k-sú chheh. Siá hit pún chheh ê Mnyampala tī 1940 nî-tāi chá-kî bîn-cho̍k le̍k-sú ê tiâu-liû tang-tiong, siāng thâu-á i tio̍h tâu-ji̍p chò Kiswahili ōe. Kāng sî-chūn, i mā sī chi̍t ê ē-khò-tit ê tiong-kan jîn, hū-chek hit tong-sî iáu kiò chò Tanganyika Hui-chiu Kok-ka Liân-bêng ê Chū-iû Chiàn-sū Ūn-tōng kap Watemi in nn̄g pêng ê te̍k-pia̍t sìn-sit ê lâi-óng.\n\nTanganyika tī 1961 nî to̍k-li̍p liáu-āu, Mathias E. Mnyampala kè-sio̍k chò kong-bū jîn-oân, ōaⁿ tī Su-hoat hē-thóng lāi-té ho̍k-bū, chò hoat-koaⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Mathias E. Mnyampala","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2001,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2371}} -{"text":"**Sī kinn-sìng lia̍p sè-pau** (ing-gú: Basophils; hàn-gú: 嗜鹼性粒細胞) sī pe̍h sè-pau ê tsi̍t-tsióng. Sī kinn-sìng lia̍p sè-pau sī siōng bô tiānn-tiānn khuànn-tio̍h ê lia̍p sè-pau luī-hîng, tāi-iok tsiàm sûn-huân pe̍h sè-pau ê 0.5% tsì 1%. M̄-ko, in sī siōng-tūa ê lia̍p sè-pau luī-hîng. In hū-tsik bián-i̍k huán-ìng kuè-tîng tiong ê iām-tsìng huán-ìng; í-ki̍p kip-sìng hām bān-sìng kuè-bín sìng pēnn-tsìng ê tsiânn-tsò; pau-kuat kuè-bín huán-ìng, he-ku, ti̍k ing-sìng phuê-iām kah hue-hún tsìng. Sī kinn-sìng lia̍p sè-pau koh sán-sing hia̍p-tiāu bián-i̍k huán-ìng ê hua-ha̍p-bu̍t; pau-kuat ín-khí iām-tsìng ê tsoo-an hiat-tshing sòo; í-ki̍p hông-tsí hiat-i̍k gîng-kòo ê kuann-sòo (肝素), sui-bóng hâm-liōng pí puî-tuā sè-pau lia̍p tang-tiong ê hâm-liōng khah-tsió. Puî-tāi sè-pau pat hông jīn-uî sī uì hiat-i̍k tshian-î kàu i-ê tsù-liû tsoo-tsit (kiat-tè tsoo-tsit (結締組織)) ê Sī kinn-sìng lia̍p sè-pau; m̄-ko hiān-tsāi í-king tsai á in sī bô kâng luī-hîng ê sè-pau.\n\nSī kinn-sìng lia̍p sè-pau sī-iû Tik-kok i-sing Paul Ehrlich tī 1879-nî huat-hiān ê, 1-nî tsîng Paul Ehrlich teh tsoo-tsit tang-tiong huat-hiān tsi̍t-tsióng sè-pau luī-hîng, Paul Ehrlich kā i kiò-tsò Mastzellen (tsit-má ê puî-tāi sè-pau). Ehrlich in-uī i-ê huat-hiān jî-lâi hi̍k-tik 1908-nî Nobel sing-lí tsióng hi̍k-tsiá i-ha̍k tsióng.\n\nSī kinn-sìng lia̍p sè-pau tsit-ê bîng-tshing guân-î tsia--ê sè-pau sī sī kinn-sìng ê,; tio̍h-sī in tsiânn iông-ī hōo kinn-sìng ní-liāu ní-sik, jû tôo sóo-sī.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Blood differential test\". *Medline Plus*. U.S. National Library of Medicine. goân-loē-iông tī 21 April 2016 hőng khó͘-pih. 22 April 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter `|url-status=` ignored (help)\n2. ↑ Mukai K, Galli SJ (2013). \"Basophils\". *eLS*. Online. doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0001120.pub3. ISBN 978-0470016176. goân-loē-iông tī 2016-05-01 hőng khó͘-pih.  Unknown parameter `|url-status=` ignored (help); Missing or empty `|title=` (help)\n3. ↑ Khurana (2009). *Textbook Of Medical Physiology* (2nd pán.). Elsevier. p. 180. ISBN 978-81-8147-850-4. goân-loē-iông tī 2018-05-04 hőng khó͘-pih.  Unknown parameter `|url-status=` ignored (help)\n4. ↑ Stone KD, Prussin C, Metcalfe DD (February 2010). \"IgE, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils\". *The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology*. **125** (2 Suppl 2): S73–80. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.11.017. PMC 2847274 Freely accessible. PMID 20176269.\n5. ↑ Franco CB, Chen CC, Drukker M, Weissman IL, Galli SJ (April 2010). \"Distinguishing mast cell and granulocyte differentiation at the single-cell level\". *Cell Stem Cell*. **6** (4): 361–8. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2010.02.013. PMC 2852254 Freely accessible. PMID 20362540.\n6. ↑ Blank U, Falcone FH, Nilsson G (September 2013). \"The history of mast cell and basophil research - some lessons learnt from the last century\". *Allergy*. **68** (9): 1093–101. doi:10.1111/all.12197. PMID 23991682.  Unknown parameter `|s2cid=` ignored (help)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Allergy\n* Diamine oxidase\n* Eosinophil\n* Food intolerance\n* Histamine\n* Histamine intolerance\n* Histamine N-methyltransferase]- or HNMT\n* Mast cell\n* List of distinct cell types in the adult human body\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Basophils*** |","meta":{"title":"Sī kiⁿ-sèng lia̍p sè-pau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1427,2902,0.4917298414886285],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3513}} -{"text":"\nPaddingtong hîm sī jî-tông bûn-ha̍k toing ê chhòng-chok jîn-bu̍t. I tē-it-pái chhut-hiān tī 1958 nî 10 goe̍h 13 hō jî-tông tho̍k-bu̍t 《Paddingtong hîm》lāi-té, jî-chhiáⁿ tī Eng-kok chok-ka Michael Bond siá—ê 20 gōa pún chheh lāi-té chhut-hiān, sī Peggy Fortnum, David McKee kap kî-thaⁿ gē-su̍t-ka ūi chhah-tô͘.\n\nÙi \"Siōng o͘-àm ê Peru\" lâi ê iú-siān ba̍k-kiàⁿ-hîm, tì i ê kū bō-á, phòa-kô͘-kô͘ ê phê-siuⁿ, cho͘-mn̂g gōa-thò kap tùi kam-á ké-chí-chiùⁿ ê jia̍t-ài, í-keng chiâⁿ-chòe jî-tông bûn-ha̍k lāi-té ê keng-tián jîn-bu̍t. Paddington hîm sī chi̍t-chiah gí-lâng ê hîm, i lóng chiok ū lé-māu, chheng-ho͘ lâng \"sian-siⁿ\", \"hu-jîn\" kap \"sió-chiá\", chin chió ti̍t-chiap kiò lâng ê miâ. Jî-chhiáⁿ i chin hó-sim, sui-jiân i ē tùi hit-kóa i bē-sóng ê lâng giâm-giâm kā gîn. I ū bû-hān ê lêng-le̍k bû-ì toing jiá mâ-hoân, m̄-koh ta̍k-ke lóng-chai, i \"chin-sim chin-le̍k kā tāi-chì chò hó-sè\". I sī tī Paddington chhia-thâu hông (jîn-lūi) Brown in chi̍t-ke hoat-hiān, kā i siu-ióng, hō-miâ kiò \"Paddington Brown\", in-ūi i goân-lâi ê hîm-gú miâ tùi in lâi-kóng siuⁿ-kè oh hoat-im.","meta":{"title":"Paddington Bear","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1051,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1209}} -{"text":"Bengali giân-gú ūn-tōng\n1952-nî 2-go̍eh 21-ji̍t tī Dhaka kí-hêng ê iû-hêng ūn-tōng.\n**Bengali Giân-gú Ūn-tōng** (ভাষা আন্দোলন; *Bengali Language Movement*) sī Bangladesh chi̍t-ê chèng-tī ūn-tōng. Chit-ê ūn-tōng bat thê-chhiòng Bengali giân-gú choè Pakistan koaⁿ-hong chi-it. Chit-chióng sêng-jīn chiah thang hō͘ Bengali giân-gú tī kàu-io̍k-hē kap chèng-hú ki-kò͘ lâi iōng. Hit-sî Pakistan tī 1947-nî to̍k-li̍p-kiàn-kok ê sî-chūn, Tang Pakistan kap Sai Pakistan ê bûn-hòa, tē-lí, kah giân-gú bô sio-tâng. Tān-sī Pakistan tiong-iong-chèng-hú kui-tēng Urdu-bûn choè Pakistan î-it ê kok-ka giân-gú. Só͘-í chi̍t-ê sū-kiāⁿ ín-khí tang-pakistan jîn-bîn ê kóng-hoat khòng-gī ūn-tōng. Chi̍t-ê Bengali Giân-gú Ūn-tōng tī Bengal ū sán-seng chin-tōa ê éng-hiáng-le̍k, sī Bangladesh to̍k-li̍p-ūn-tōng ê sian-hêng-chiá.\n\nSiang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* Gú-giân-lia̍t-sū-ji̍t\n* Kok-chè Bó-gí-ji̍t\n\nChham-koan\n----------\n\n* Bengali Giân-gú Ūn-tōng Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Giân-gú ūn-tōng tī BSS\n* Bangladesh ê le̍k-sú\n* Bengali Giân-gú Ūn-tōng Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Bengali Giân-gú Ūn-tōng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[212,1038,0.20423892100192678],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1230}} -{"text":"2023 Koaⁿ-hong Gí-giân Hoat (Éire ōe: Acht na dTeangacha Oifigiúla 2003) sī chi̍t phō sio̍k-î Ài-ní-lân Oireachtas Hoat ê hoat-lu̍t. Chit ê Hoat siá bêng kong-kiōng pō͘-mn̂g sú-iōng Éire ōe ê kui-tēng. Koh siat-li̍p Gí-giân Pān-sū Chhù (An Coimisinéir Teanga) lâi kàm-tok siāng-sî mā khak-pó kok kong-kiōng tan-ūi lóng tio̍h ài àn-chiàu Koaⁿ-hong Gí-giân Hoat ê kui-tēng.\n\nHoat-lu̍t Hoan-e̍k\n------------------\n\nKin-kù che 2023 Koaⁿ-hong Gí-giân Hoat ê kui-tēng, Ài-ní-lân Gī-hōe (Oireachtas) ê múi chit tiâu hoat-lu̍t lóng tio̍h ài ū koaⁿ-hong ê Éire ōe hoan-e̍k pán-pún, kap Eng-gí pán siāng-sî kong-kò. M̄-koh ū chi̍t kóa ho̍k-cha̍p ê hoat-lu̍t tiâu-bûn soah bô chiàu chit ê kui-tēng.\n\nChham-khó Lâi-goân\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ \"Official Languages Act 2003: Amendments, Commencement, SIs made under the Act\". Irish Statute Book. Effects, \"S. 7 application restricted\" and \"S. 7 non-application of\". Retrieved 24 November 2016.","meta":{"title":"2023 Koaⁿ-hong Gí-giân Hoat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[173,836,0.2069377990430622],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1016}} -{"text":"**Guā-kho tsiànn-tsong** (hàn-gú: 外科正宗) sī Bîng-tiâu tiong-i ha̍k tù-tsok, Tîn Si̍t-kong (陳實功/Tân Si̍t-kong) tù-tsok, uân-sîng tī Bān-li̍k 45-nî (1617-nî). Guân su 45-kuàn, m̄-ku king-kuè āu-jîn tsing-san, kái-tsok 12-kuàn.\n\nLuē-iông\n--------\n\nGuā-kho tsiànn-tsong khai-sí sing lūn pēnn-guân, tsín-tuàn kap tī-liâu tíng-tíng; koh-lâi kā guā-kho tian-tian khuànn-tio̍h ê 100 guā-tsióng pēnn-tsìng hun-luī kui-sio̍k; pīng-tshiánn lūn-su̍t in-ê tsìng-hāu (證侯), pēnn-lí (病理), tī-liâu hong-io̍h (治療方藥), tsiam-kù (針灸), kip-kiù giām-tsìng (急救驗案) í-ki̍p io̍h-bu̍t liān-tsè (藥物煉製) ta̍k tsióng ê hong-huat; lóng-tsóng ū 150 guā lūn; pīng-tshiánn hù-iú pēnn-tsìng huē-tôo (症狀繪圖), hong-io̍h kua-kuat tíng-tíng.\n\nKòng-hiàn\n---------\n\nTsheh lāi jīn-uî guā-tsìng pit-su kin-ki teh luē-tsìng, tsú-tiunn put-ta ài tiong-si guā-tī, koh su-iàu tiōng-sī luē-tī; kì kiông-tiāu tsá-kî tshiú-su̍t, iū-koh huán-tuì lām-sú to-tsiam. Huat-tián tsia̍t-ki (截肢), pháinn kut (壞骨) the̍h-tû, phīnn-tī (鼻息肉) tik-tû (摘除), ín-liû tíng-tíng ê tshiú-su̍t; pīng-tshiánn thâu-sing koh siông-sè kì-tsài khì-kńg guā-siong ê thīn-ha̍p-su̍t (縫合術).\n\nGuā-kho tsiànn-tsong tsóng-kiat Bîng-tiâu í-tsîng guak-ho ha̍k í-tsîng guā-kho ha̍k ê sîng-tsiū, sī tiong-i guā-kho ha̍k tiōng-iàu ê tù-tsok.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 陳實功，\"外科正宗\"，中國，中醫古籍出版社，1999-/07-01. ISBN 7800138399 (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* phīnn-tī (鼻息肉)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 外科正宗 中藥方劑圖像數據庫 (香港浸會大學中醫藥學院) (Hàn-gí) (Eng-gí)\n* 外科正宗 (Hàn-gí)\n* 外科正宗--中國哲學書電子化計畫 (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Gōa-kho chiàⁿ-chong","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[225,1526,0.1474442988204456],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1791}} -{"text":"**Chū-iû-chú-gī** sī 1 khoán tùi chèng-tī kap chèng-hú ê su-khó hong-sek. Chū-iû-chú-gī-chiá jīn-ûi chū-iû tō sī sù-siông-tek chèng-hú tio̍h mài khì kan-sia̍p jîn-bîn.\n\nChū-iû-chú-gī-chiá án-choáⁿ siūⁿ\n--------------------------------\n\n* Kò-jîn ê chū-iû: Tī mài siong-gāi pa̍k-lâng kap sńg-tn̄g lâng ê mi̍h ê tiâu-kiāⁿ ē-kha, sûi-lâng lóng ū ūi in ka-tī chò koat-tēng ê koân.\n\n* Siū-chè-hān ê chèng-hú: Chèng-hú chûn-chāi ê chú-iàu lí-iû sī beh pó-hō͘ kò-jîn ê chù-iû. Che piáu-sī chèng-hú tek-khak tio̍h pó-hō͘ jîn-bîn kap in ê châi-sán.\n\n* Chū-iû ê chhī-tiûⁿ: Nā bô siong-gāi lâng, lán lâng eng-kai ē-tàng kap jīn-hô lâng bé-bē jīn-hô mi̍h-kiāⁿ.\n\n* Hô-pêng: Jîn-lūi bô-eng-kai hoat-tōng chiàn-cheng iah sú-iōng pō-le̍k.\n\n### Chū-jiân-hoat\n\nChiaⁿ chē chū-iû-chú-gī-chiá siong-sìn chū-jiân-hoat (*natural law*). Chū-jiân-hoat sī 1 chióng su-khó ê hong-sek, jīn-ûi ta̍k-ê lâng lóng ū seng-chûn, chū-iû kap kò-jîn só͘-iú-bu̍t ê koân. Che tō piáu-sī lán eng-kai chó͘-tòng jīn-hô lâng khì sat-hāi jīn-hô-lâng, nā in bē khì siong-hāi pa̍t-lâng lâi kóng, lán tio̍h bô-eng-kai chó͘-chí lâng khì chò in siūⁿ-beh chò ê tāi-chì. Koh lán mā bô-eng-kai tī lâng bô ùn-chún ê chêng-hêng-hā kā in ê mi̍h the̍h--khì. Chū-iû-chú-gī-chiá chhut-chāi in lia̍h-kóng he tō sī jîn-lūi chèng-khak ê hō͘-siong tùi-thāi ê hong--sek, só͘-í in siong-sìn chū-jiân-hoat.\n\n### Keng-chè ê chū-iû-chú-gī\n\nŪ chi̍t-koá chū-iû-chú-gī-chiá sī keng-chè-ha̍k-ka. In bô tì-ì tī lâng chi-kan hō͘-siong tùi-thāi ê hē-hāng, in sī tì-ì beh chhoē-chhut lâng nā siūⁿ-ài ū chiok-chē mi̍h-kiāⁿ, án-ne lâng tio̍h án-choáⁿ hō͘-siong chih-chiap. In kóng nā lâng mài hō͘-siong siong-gāi, koh mài khì sńg-tn̄g pa̍k-lâng ê só͘-iú-bu̍t iah châi-sán, án-ne sûi-lâng lóng ē koè-liáu khah hó.\n\nTiat-ha̍k\n---------\n\nTiat-ha̍k-ka (iah su-sióng-ka) leh thó-lūn chū-iû-chú-gī ê sî, in tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ê kóng-tio̍h chi̍t-koá lâng-miâ. Chiah-ê miâ sù-siông sī 19 sè-kí ê John Stuart Mill kap Jeremy Bentham, kap 20 sè-kí ê Isaiah Berlin. Nā in kóng-khí chū-iû chhī-tiûⁿ keng-chè, in tō khó-lêng ē thê-khí Adam Smith, Adam Smith tī 18 sè-kí siá chin chē koan-hē chū-iû chhī-tiûⁿ ê tù-chok.\n\n### Éng-hióng\n\nChiah-ê lí-lūn ū éng-hióng Karl Marx kap Friedrich Engels. In jīn-ûi lâng nā ē-thang ū in chia̍h-thâu-lō͘ ê kong-si ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn só͘-iú-koân, án-ne in tō ē koh-khah ū seng-sán-le̍k. Chit-khoán siūⁿ-hoat hō-chò siā-hoē-chú-gī.\n\nAu-chiu kap Bí-kok tī chū-iû-chú-gī téng-koân ê cheng-chha\n----------------------------------------------------------\n\nChū-iû-chú-gī tī Au-chiu kap Bí-kok ê ì-sù pēng bô lóng sio-siâng.\n\n### Au-chiu ê chū-iû-chú-gī\n\nTī Au-chiu ê chū-iû-chú-gī-chiá sī iū-phài--ê, in khah sio̍k-tī pó-siú-phài, koh jīn-ûi keng-chè chū-iû pí kò-jîn chū-iû khah tiōng-iàu.\n\n### Bí-kok ê chū-iû-chú-gī\n\nBí-kok ê chū-iû-chú-gī kap Au-chiu--ê tò-péng, Bí-kok ê chū-iû-chú-gī-chiá sio̍k-tī kek-sin-phài. I jīn-ûi kò-jîn ê chū-iû khah tiōng-iàu keng-chè chū-iû. Tī Bí-kok ê chū-iû-chú-gī-chiá nā lâi tī Au-chiu, iok-kî-lio̍k ê hông kiò-chò Siā-hoe-bîn-chú-chú-gī-chiá. Chóng--sī ū sî-chūn Au-chiu ê Siā-hoē-bîn-chú-chú-gī tùi keng-chè chū-iû ê chè-hān ē khah poâⁿ-koè toā-to-sò͘ Bí-kok chū-iû-chú-gī-chiá só͘ chú-tiuⁿ ê khoàⁿ-hoat.\n\nChū-iû-chú-gī--ni̍h ê hui-thóng-tī-chú-gī\n-----------------------------------------\n\nŪ koá chū-iû-chú-gī-chiá thang kóng sī hui-thóng-tī-chú-gī-chiá. In lia̍h-kóng chèng-hú tùi kò-jîn ê chū-iû hām chū-iû chhī-tiûⁿ ui-hia̍p siuⁿ toā, só͘-í bô-eng-kai chûn-chāi. In jīn-ûi lâng ē-tàng tī bô chèng-hú ê chêng-hóng pó-hō͘ ka-tī ê sìⁿ-miā kap só͘-iú-bu̍t, chhin-chhiūⁿ bé 1 tâi chhia iah 1 tiâu tiān-oē-soàⁿ án-ne lâi bé-tio̍h pó-hō͘. Chiah-ê chū-iû-chú-gī-chiá hō-chò chhī-tiûⁿ hui-thóng-tī-chú-gī-chiá kap hui-thóng-tī-chu-pún-chú-gī-chiá.","meta":{"title":"Chū-iû chú-gī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[476,3588,0.1326644370122631],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4289}} -{"text":"\n**Gê-i-su** (*dentist*) sī i-su ê 1 chióng, chiàu-kò· lán ê chhùi-khiuⁿ kiān-khong būn-tê pau-koah chhùi-khí. Beh chò gê-i-su pit-su ài the̍h-tio̍h chèng-sek jīn-tēng ê khí-kho ha̍k-hāu ê ha̍k-ūi, koh thong-kòe kok-ka khó-chhì the̍h-tio̍h gê-i-su chip-chiàu, chiah ē-tàng chip-hêng khí-kho ê i-liâu hêng-ûi.\n\nTâi-oân\n-------\n\nTâi-oân ê gê-i-su ióng-sêng kàu-io̍k sī tāi-ha̍k kàu-io̍k, kah i-su ióng-sêng kàu-io̍k hun-liû, siu-gia̍p 6 tang, kî-tiong soah-bóe 1 tang sī si̍t-si̍p, pī-gia̍p siū-ú gê-i ha̍k-sū ha̍k-ūi. Pī-gia̍p í-āu ài keng-kòe khó-chhì-īⁿ kok-ka choan-bûn ki-su̍t jîn-goân khó-chhì, hun-chò ki-chhó· kap lîm-chhn̂g 2 kai-tōaⁿ ê khó-chhì, khó-chhì ki̍p-keh chiah ē-tàng the̍h tio̍h gê-i-su chip-chiàu. Ki-chhó· khó-chhì ē-sái tī tāi-ha̍k tē-4 nî siu-oân ki-chhó· ha̍k-kho liáu-āu tāi-seng chham-ka. The̍h tio̍h gê-i-su chip-chiàu chiah ē-sái sin-chhéng chip-gia̍p chip-chiáu, khai-sí hêng-i. Tú pī-gia̍p kan-taⁿ ē-sái tī pēⁿ-īⁿ he̍k chín-só· ho̍k-bū, ho̍k-bū móa 2 tang chiah ē-sái to̍k-li̍p khai-gia̍p. Chip-gia̍p chip-chiáu 6 tang keng-ōaⁿ 1 pái, chit 6 tang lāi ài chiap-siū gê-i kè-sio̍k kàu-io̍k 180 ê ha̍k-hun chiah ē-sái--tit. \n\n### Gê-i ha̍k-hē\n\n* Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k I-ha̍k-īⁿ gê-i ha̍k-hē (1953), chio-seng jîn-sò·30 lâng.\n* Tâi-pak I-ha̍k Tāi-ha̍k kháu-khiuⁿ i-ha̍k-īⁿ gê-i ha̍k-hē (1960), chio-seng jîn-sò·87 lâng.\n* Ko-hiông I-ha̍k Tāi-ha̍k kháu-khiuⁿ i-ha̍k-īⁿ gê-i ha̍k-hē (1957), chio-seng jîn-sò·85 lâng.\n* Tiong-san I-ha̍k Tāi-ha̍k kháu-khiuⁿ i-ha̍k-īⁿ gê-i ha̍k-hē (1957), chio-seng jîn-sò·80 lâng.\n* Tiong-kok I-io̍h Tāi-ha̍k i-ha̍k-īⁿ gê-i ha̍k-hē (1980), chio-seng jîn-sò·49 lâng.\n* Iông-bêng Tāi-ha̍k gê-i ha̍k-īⁿ gê-i ha̍k-hē (1976), chio-seng jîn-sò·40 lâng.\n* Kok-hông I-ha̍k-īⁿ gê-i ha̍k-hē (1941 tī Tiong-kok, 1950 tī Tâi-oân), chio-seng jîn-sò·13 lâng.\n\nChoân-kok ta̍k-tang chio-seng miâ-gia̍h 384 lâng, pit-gia̍p 300 kàu 360 gōa lâng.\n\n### Choân-kok ta̍k-ê kong-hōe hōe-goân jîn-sò· thóng-kè pió\n\n**Choân-kok ta̍k-ê kong-hōe hōe-goân jîn-sò· thóng-kè pió**| kong-hōe lūi-pia̍t | khai-gia̍p | ho̍k-bū | sûn hōe-goân | chóng-sò· | kong-hōe lūi-pia̍t | khai-gia̍p | ho̍k-bū | sûn hōe-goân | chóng-sò· |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Tâi-pak-chhī | 1211 | 1157 | 23 | 2391 | Lâm-tâu-koān | 99 | 43 | 2 | 144 |\n| Ko-hiông-chhī | 529 | 356 | 22 | 907 | Ka-gī-chhī | 108 | 53 | 0 | 161 |\n| Ke-lâng-chhī | 88 | 46 | 0 | 134 | Ka-gī-koān | 54 | 31 | 0 | 85 |\n| Tâi-pa̍k-koān | 942 | 647 | 13 | 1602 | Hûn-lîm-koān | 107 | 36 | 0 | 143 |\n| Gî-lân-koān | 84 | 35 | 2 | 121 | Tâi-lâm-chhī | 276 | 171 | 5 | 452 |\n| Sin-tek-chhī | 121 | 79 | 2 | 202 | Tâi-lâm-koān | 177 | 109 | 1 | 287 |\n| Sin-tek-koān | 74 | 37 | 0 | 111 | Ko-hiông-koān | 217 | 155 | 2 | 374 |\n| Thô-hn̂g-koān | 381 | 337 | 7 | 725 | Pîn-tong-koān | 143 | 49 | 1 | 193 |\n| Biâu-le̍k-koān | 88 | 44 | 3 | 135 | Hoa-liân-koān | 69 | 60 | 2 | 131 |\n| Tâi-tiong-chhī | 513 | 353 | 13 | 879 | Tâi-tang-koān | 33 | 23 | 0 | 56 |\n| Tâi-tiong-koān | 356 | 185 | 9 | 550 | Pêⁿ-ô·-koān | 17 | 12 | 0 | 29 |\n| Chiong-hòa-koān | 256 | 174 | 8 | 438 | Kim-mn̂g-koān | 8 | 4 | 0 | 12 |\n| | | | | | ha̍p-kè | 5951 | 4194 | 115 | 10260 |\n\n2006 nî 6 goe̍h 30 ûi-chí, Tâi-oân-gê-i-kài cha̍p-chì, 2006 nî tē-25 kńg tē-7 kî .\n\n### 1910 nî kàu 1945 nî Tâi-oân gê-i-su jîn-sò· thóng-kè\n\n**1910 nî kàu 1945 nî Tâi-oân gê-i-su jîn-sò· thóng-kè**| Nî-hūn | Gê-i-su jîn-sò· | Múi 5 tang cheng-ka jîn-sò· | Ji̍t-pún-che̍k | Tâi-oân-che̍k |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1910 | 8 | 0 | | |\n| 1915 | 15 | 7 | | |\n| 1920 | 60 | 45 | | |\n| 1925 | 94 | 34 | | |\n| 1930 | 217 | 123 | | |\n| 1935 | 336 | 119 | | |\n| 1940 | 474 | 138 | 188 | 286 |\n| 1945 | 738 | 264 | 245 | 493 |\n\nChu-liāu lâi-goân: 重修台灣省通志卷七政治志衛生篇（第一冊）, 白榮熙, Lâm-tâu-chhī, Tâi-oân-séng Bûn-hiàn-hōe.\n\nLâm-tiâu-sian\n-------------\n\nKin-kù Lâm-tiâu-sian sím-cha phêng-kè-īⁿ (*審查評計院*) 2005 nî 12 goe̍h chhe-peh só· kong-pò· ê chu-liāu, lóng-chóng ū 120 keng ê khí-kho pēⁿ-īⁿ, 12,483 keng khí-kho chín-só·; ū 11 keng tāi-ha̍k ū siat gê-i ha̍k-hē, ta̍k-tang chhut-gia̍p ê khí-kho ha̍k-seng tāi-iok 800 gōa miâ; si̍t-chè niá-ū chip-chiàu koh chip-gia̍p ê khí-kho-i chóng-sò· sī 16,150 miâ.\n\nTī Lâm-ti6au-sian, khí-kho pēⁿ-īⁿ kap khí-kho chín-só· êng-gia̍p sî-kan sī pài-1 kaù pài-5 ê 9-tiám kàu 18-tiám, pài-6 ê 9-tiàm kàu 16-tiám.\n\n### Gê-i ha̍k-hē\n\n* *Dental college of Seoul university (首爾)*\n* *Dental college of Korea university (高麗)*\n* *Dental college of YonSei university (延世)*\n* *Dental college of KyungHee university (慶熙)*\n* *Dental college of DanKook university (檀國)*\n* *Dental college of WonKwang university (圓光)*\n* *Dental college of ChonNam university (全南)*\n* *Dental college of ChonBuk university (全北)*\n* *Dental college of ChoSun university (朝鮮)*\n* *Dental college of KyungPook university (慶北)*\n* *Dental college of PuSan university (釜山)*\n\nChu-liāu lâi-goân : Tiong-hôa bîn-kok kháu-khiuⁿ si̍t-thé ha̍k-hōe ê newsletter tē-55 kî, p38-41, 2006 nî\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 牙醫史大事紀\n\n* 九十三學年度大學日間學制各學系組招生名額分配表\n\nWi fi","meta":{"title":"Gê-i-su","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2064,4243,0.4864482677350931],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5566}} -{"text":"Tī Éire (Ài-ní-lân) tó in chèng-hú só͘ jīn-tēng ê **Ghaeltacht** tē-khu ê hoān-ûi.\n**Gaeltacht** (Ài-ní-lân Gael-gí: [ˈɡeːl̪ˠt̪ˠəxt̪ˠ]), sī Éire (iā-tio̍h-sī Ài-ní-lân) in chèng-hú só͘ jīn-tēng chú-iàu kóng Éire-gí (Gaeilge) ê só͘-chāi. Chit ê só͘-chāi tio̍h sī Éire-gí ê kò͘-hiong. Ghaeltacht siōng thâu-á sī tī 1920 nî-tāi Éire Chū-iû Chiu ê sî-tāi siū koaⁿ-hong jīn-tēng, chèng-hú mā tī hit chūn khai-sí ū chi̍t kóa chèng-chhek lâi beh hôe-ho̍k Éire ōe. Tī Ghaeltacht só͘-chāi, in ê ōe-gí í-keng thè-pō͘ kah chin giâm-tiōng. Tī Gaeltacht soán-kí lóng-chóng hun chò 155 soán khu. Kin-kù 2015 nî só͘ hoat-piáu ê gián-kiù, tī só͘-ū ê Gaeltacht soán khu tang-tiong kan-ta ū 21 khu ū chhiau-kòe 2/3 (3 hun chi 2) ê jîn-kháu ta̍k-kang ū teh kóng Éire-gí. Ha̍k-chiá jīn-ûi, chi̍t chióng ōe-gí nā beh ài ē-tit thoân-sêng, phó͘-thong sî-á tio̍h ài ū chì-chió 2/3 ê jîn-kháu lâi teh sú-iōng hit khoán ōe-gí.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nKin-kù Gaeltachta Chèng-hú ê thóng-kè, Gaeltacht ê jîn-kháu lóng-chóng ū 95,503 lâng. Kî-tiong tòa tī Gaillimh ê ū 14,000 lâng.\n\nBo̍k-chêng Gaeltacht hêng-chèng khu ê kui-ōe iáu sī ū chin chē gī-lūn.\n\n| **Koān-chhī** | **Tē-khu** | **Jîn-kháu** | **Kóng Éire ōe ê pí-lē** |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Contae Dhún na nGall | Alt na Péiste | 188 | 55% |\n| Anagaire | 2235 | 55% |\n| Árainn Mhór | 529 | 62% |\n| Cró Beithe | 161 | 53% |\n| An Clochán | 514 | 41% |\n| Cnoc Fola | 1326 | 83% |\n| Dún Lúiche | 695 | 76% |\n| An Fál Carrach | 2168 | 44% |\n| Baile na Finne | 316 | 57% |\n| Gort an Choirce | 1599 | 81% |\n| An Ghrafaidh | 209 | 52% |\n| Na Gleannta | 1496 | 44% |\n| Gaoth Dobhair | 2651 | 77% |\n| Teileann | 726 | 41% |\n| Contae Mhaigh Eo | Eachléim | 921 | 46% |\n| Ceathrú Thaidhg | 375 | 67% |\n| Fionnaithe | 248 | 44% |\n| Contae na Gaillimhe | Oileáin Árann | 1247 | 81% |\n| Bothúna | 963 | 74% |\n| Camus | 375 | 90% |\n| Carna | 798 | 81% |\n| An Cheathrú Rua | 2294 | 83% |\n| Corr na Móna | 573 | 45% |\n| Na Forbacha | 1239 | 43% |\n| Doire Iorrais | 313 | 76% |\n| Gleann Trasna | 122 | 61% |\n| Indreabhán | 1362 | 83% |\n| Cill Chiaráin | 619 | 87% |\n| Leitir Móir | 875 | 88% |\n| Leitir Mealláin | 1288 | 89% |\n| Ros an Mhíl | 1304 | 84% |\n| Ros Muc | 557 | 87% |\n| An Spidéal | 1357 | 66% |\n| Contae Chiarraí | Baile an Fheirtéaraigh | 455 | 77% |\n| Baile na nGall | 508 | 75% |\n| Cé Bhréanainn | 168 | 48% |\n| Cinn Aird | 318 | 45% |\n| An Clochán | 273 | 46% |\n| Dún Chaoin | 159 | 72% |\n| An Fheothanach | 462 | 78% |\n| Márthain | 276 | 67% |\n| An Mhin Aird | 387 | 53% |\n| Ceann Trá | 413 | 56% |\n| Contae Chorcaí | Béal Átha an Ghaorthaidh | 542 | 46% |\n| Baile Bhuirne | 816 | 42% |\n| Oileán Chléire | 127 | 48% |\n| Cúil Aodha | 420 | 53% |\n| Contae Phort Láirge | An Rinn | 1176 | 51% |\n| Contae na Mí | Ráth Cairn | 401 | 56% |\n|\n\nHêng-chèng Khang-khòe\n---------------------\n\nHêng-chèng khang-khòe sī tiong-iong ê Koan-kong, Bûn-hòa, Gē-su̍t, Gaeltacht, Ūn-tōng kap Mûi-thé Pō͘ () lâi chhōa-thâu, hū-chek Gaeltacht só͘-chāi ê só͘-ū chèng-chhek í-ki̍p koán-lí Gaeltacht só͘-ū ê chèng-hú tan-ūi. La-jí-oh ū RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta tiān-tâi chú-iàu hòng-sàng Éire-gí ê chiat-bo̍k. Chóng-pō͘ chhāi tī Gaillimh ê TG4 tiān-sī tâi chú-iàu hū-chek chò chhui-kóng Éire ōe ê tiān-sī chiat-bo̍k.\n\nÙi 2005 nî 3 goe̍h khai-sí, tī Gaeltacht tē-khu ê lō͘ pâi-á kan-ta lia̍t Éire ōe ê tē-hō-miâ, bô koh lēng-gōa phiau siá Eng-gí miâ. Chit hāng kái-piàn tē-hō-miâ ê khang-khòe sī chun-chiàu Koaⁿ-hong Gí-giân Hoat hoat-pò͘ liáu-āu só͘ hoat ê Tē-hō-miâ Bēng-lēng lâi kā oân-sêng.\n\nGí-giân Ho̍k-heng kap Chhòng-sin\n--------------------------------\n\nKui ê Ài-ní-lân, ùi lâm kàu pak, ū put-chí-á chē só͘-chāi lóng siūⁿ-beh koh tiông-sin kiàn-li̍p kóng Éire-gí ê siā-khu. Kok tē só͘ chò ê thêng-tō͘ bô kāng. M̄-nā tī chng-kha, to͘-chhī mā kāng-khoán ū só͘-chāi teh chò. Chit-má phó͘-thong sî-á ū teh kóng Éire-gí--ê tōa pō͘-hūn lóng tòa tī Gaeltacht í-gōa ê só͘-chāi. Iû-kî tī Dublin kóng Éire-gí ê lâng siōng chē.\n\n### Dublin\n\nTī Dublin-chhī lāi kap kui ê Tōa Dublin Tē-khu ū siōng chē ta̍k-kang lóng ū teh kóng Éire-gí ê jîn-kháu, lóng-chóng chiàm in choân-kok kóng Éire-gí ê lâng ê 18%, ū 14,229 lâng.\n\nTī Dublin-koān ū chhiau-kòe 50 keng Ài-ní-lân-gí ha̍k-hāu, iā-tio̍h-sī iōng Éire-gí lâi kà-chheh ê ha̍k-hāu. Kî-tiong ū 10 keng tiong-ha̍k.\n\nGaeilge Ha̍k-īⁿ\n---------------\n\nGaeilge Ha̍k-īⁿ tio̍h sī teh kà Gaeilge (Éire-gí) ê ha̍k-hāu. Khò-têng it-poaⁿ ē an-pâi tī joa̍h-thiⁿ ū 3 lé-pài ê sî-kan hō͘ ha̍k-seng lâi ha̍k-hāu ji̍t-sî siōng-khò àm-sî tòa tī sok-sià, thé-giām choân Gaeilge ê khoân-kéng.\n\nChe Gaeilge ha̍k-īⁿ kap it-poaⁿ ha̍k-hāu kāng-khoán, chio-seng lâng-sò͘, kà-chheh ê chu-keh téng-téng lóng tio̍h ài àn-chiàu Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ ê kui-tēng. Ū ê khò-têng sī í tāi-ha̍k chò ki-chhó͘ lâi an-pâi ê.\n\nChham-khó Lâi-goân\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Webster's Dictionary – definition of Gaeltacht\n2. ↑ Maguire, Peter A. (Fall 2002). \"Language and Landscape in the Connemara Gaeltacht\". Journal of Modern Literature. 26 (1): 99–107. doi:10.2979/JML.2002.26.1.99. S2CID 161439552.\n3. ↑ Mac Donnacha, Joe, 'The Death of a Language,' Dublin Review of Books, Issue 58, 16 June 2014:\n4. ↑ RTÉ News Report of Friday 29 May 2015\n5. ↑ NUASHONRÚ AR AN STAIDÉAR CUIMSITHEACH TEANGEOLAÍOCH AR ÚSÁID NA GAEILGE SA GHAELTACHT: 2006–2011\n6. ↑ \"Udaras.ie - Na meáin - Fíricí gasta\". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2011-05-27. Dáta rochtana: 2011-08-07.\n7. ↑ \"The death of the Irish language: a qualified obituary\", Reg Hindley (Google Books)\n8. ↑ Irish Statute Book\n9. ↑ \"Profile 9 What We Know – Education, skills and the Irish language\". CSO. 22 November 2012.","meta":{"title":"Gaeltacht","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1677,4660,0.35987124463519315],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6111}} -{"text":"Sú-iōng-chiá hun-pò͘-tô\n**Ài-ní-lân-gí** (Piau-chún Ài-ní-lân-gí: *Gaeilge*) sī chi̍t-khoán liû-thoân tī Ài-ní-lân-tó--ê Gael-gú (Gaelic), iā sī Ài-ní-lân ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it (Lēng-gōa chit ê sī Eng-gí). Sī chit-ê kok-ka ū le̍k-sú í-lâi liû-thoân siōng kú mā bat sī Éire-tó siōng tōa--ê giân-gí. M̄-koh tùi 19 sè-kí í-lâi, Éire-tó tiō khai-sí í Eng-gí ûi chú-liû. Bó-gú sú-iōng-chiá ū 7 bān goā ê, tē-jī gí-giân iōng-chiá ū 100 bān gōa ê (tī 2016 nî).\n\nGí-giân--ê miâ\n--------------\n\n\"Gaeilge\" tī Ài-ní-lân-gí, mā ū Gael-gí--ê ì-sù. Beh te̍k-pia̍t chí Ài-ní-lân-gí--ê sî, siá-chò \"Gaeilge na hÉireann\".\n\nGaeilge tī kok hong-giân--ê piàn-thé:\n\n* Kó͘-gí: Gaoidhealg, Gaedhealg\n* Piau-chún-gí: Gaeilge\n* Hong-giân:\n\t+ Ulster kap Pak Connacht: Gaedhilic, Gaeilic, Gaeilig iah-sī Gaedhlag\n\t+ Lâm Connacht: Gaeilge (í-chá sī Gaedhilge)\n\t+ Munster: Gaedhealaing, Gaoluinn, Gaelainn téng\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nÀi-ní-lân-gí thang hun-chò:\n\n* Goân-sú Ài-ní-lân-gí (3 sè-kí iah-sī khah-chá - 6 sè-kí), tùi Goân-sú Celtic-gí bun--chhut-lâi, sī Gael-gí--ê chó͘-sian, iōng Ogham bûn-jī siá. Lē: ᚈᚑᚃᚔᚄᚐᚉᚔ (*tovisaci*, \"thâu-lâng\"--ê sio̍k-keh).\n* Kó͘ Ài-ní-lân-gí (Goídelc) (6 sè-kí - 10 sè-kí).\n* Tiong-kó͘ Ài-ní-lân-gí (Gaoidhealg) (10 sè-kí - 12 sè-kí), ián-hoà chò Manx-gí (Gaelg), Scotland Gael-gí (Gàidhlig) kap Hiān-tāi Ài-ní-lân-gí (Nua-Ghaeilge).\n\nHō͘ Elizabeth I khoàⁿ--ê Chē giân-gí té-gú-chi̍p (短語集), ū La-teng-gí, Kīn-kó͘ Eng-gí kap Kīn-kó͘ Ài-ní-lân-gí\n* Kīn-kó͘ Ài-ní-lân-gí (Gaoidhealg) (13 sè-kí - 18 sè-kí), sī Scotland kap Ài-ní-lân 13 sè-kí kàu 18 sè-kí--ê su-siá giân-gí. tùi 12 sè-kí--ê Eire-gí kái--lâi.\n\nÀi-ní-lân-gí tī 1871 nî--ê sú-iōng-chiá tē-tô͘\n* Hiān-tāi Éire-gí (Nua-Ghaeilge): Éire Toā Ki-hng, táⁿ-ap Gael-gí--ê kok-bîn kàu-io̍k kap phiau-liû kàu hái-goā--ê tiâu-liû tì-kàu Ài-ní-lân-gî tī 19 sè-kì kín-kín soe-thoè, jî-chhiáⁿ sú-iōng-chiá tuā-poàⁿ tī se-hái-hoāⁿ. M̄-koh tī 19 sè-kí boé khai-sí ū gí-giân ho̍k-heng ūn-tōng. 1983 nî chhòng-li̍p Ài-ní-lân-gí liân-bêng (*Conradh na Gaeilge*, *Gaelic League*). Tī Ài-ní-lân-kok to̍k-li̍p āu, chèng-hú thui-sek giân-gí-ê sú-iōng, mā ū chhòng-li̍p Ài-ní-lân-gí Ha̍k-hāu, chóng--sī tī Ài-ní-lân-gí Tē-khu (*Gaeltacht*)--ê bó-gú iōng-chiá--ê lâng-gia̍h iah-sī soe-thoè. Iu-koan hiān-tāi-gí--ê hong-giân chhiáⁿ-khoàⁿ #Hong-giân.\n\nHong-giân\n---------\n\nÀi-ní-lân-gí tē-khu tē-tô͘\nHiān-tāi chū-jiân hong-giân thang chiàu séng-hūn (cuige, province) hun-chò 3 khoán, ta̍k chióng hong-giân--ê hoat-im, sû-gí, sīm-chí sī bûn-hoat ū bô-kâng.\n\n* Ulster Ài-ní-lân-gí (Gaeilic Uladh): tī Ulster, chiap-kīn Scotland Gael-gú, taⁿ hun-pò͘ tī Donegal. Bat sú-iōng tī Pak Ài-ní-lân, hia--ê Ài-ní-lân-gí sú-iōng-chiá iōng--ê Piau-chún-gí mā siū-tio̍h Ulster hong-giân--ê éng-hióng.\n* Connacht Ài-ní-lân-gí (Gaeilge Chonnacht): tī Connacht, tāⁿ hūn-pò͘ tī Galway, Mayo téng koān. sú-iōng jîn-kháu siōng chē. Ū Ulster kap Munster hong-giân--ê te̍k-sek.\n* Munster Ài-ní-lân-gí (Gaolainn na Mumhan): tī Munster, tāⁿ hūn-pò͘ tī Kerry, Cork, Waterford téng koān, pó-liû chi̍t-koá kó͘-gí te̍k-teng.\n\nLeinster Séng ka-tī--ê hong-giân í-keng bia̍t-bô.\n\nTī 20 sè-kí, Ài-ní-lân chèng-hú thui-chhut su-siá--ê piau-chún-gí \"An Caighdeán Oifigiúil\", sī kó͘-gí kap chē-chē hong-giân--ê bûn-hoat kap gí-sû--ê kán-hoà iah-sī sio-lām. Tī kàu-io̍k, chèng-hú bûn-su sú-iōng.\n\nHoat-im\n-------\n\nÀi-ní-lân-gí bô-kong-jīm--ê hoat-im piau-chún. Kok-tē--ê hoat-im hong-sek iā bô-kâng.\n\n### Chú-im\n\nÀi-ní-lân-gí--ê chú-im chē-chē ū pun khoah-im (ngē-ngo̍k-hoà(硬顎化)) kap ē-im (nńg-ngo̍k-hoà (軟顎化)), im-ūi (音位) siōng chió ū: \n\nConsonant phonemes| | Tûn-im | Chi̍h-chiam-im | Chi̍h-poē-im | Siaⁿ-mn̂g-im |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Khoah | E̍h | Khoah | E̍h | Khoah | E̍h |\n| Po̍k-phò-im | Bô-siaⁿ | pˠ | pʲ | t̪ˠ | tʲ | k | c | |\n| Ū-siaⁿ | bˠ | bʲ | d̪ˠ | dʲ | ɡ | ɟ | |\n| Mô͘-chhat-im/Kīn-im | Bô-siaⁿ | fˠ | fʲ | sˠ | ʃ | x | ç | h |\n| Ū-siaⁿ | w | vʲ | | | ɣ | j | |\n| Phīⁿ-im | mˠ | mʲ | n̪ˠ | nʲ | ŋ | ɲ | |\n| Siám-im | | | ɾˠ | ɾʲ | | | |\n| Phīⁿ-thong-im | | | l̪ˠ | lʲ | | | |\n\n### Bó-im\n\nTī Connacht kap Munster--ê hong-giân, toaⁿ-bó-im ū 11--ê im-ūi, siang-bó-im siōng chió ū 4 ê im-ūi:\n\n#### Toaⁿ-bó-im\n\n**Tāng-im**\n\n| Té | Tn̂g |\n| --- | --- |\n| a | aː |\n| ɛ | eː |\n| ɪ | iː |\n| ɔ | oː |\n| ʊ | uː |\n\n**Kheng-im**\nIt-poaⁿ ē piàn-chò /ә/.\n\n#### Siang-bó-im\n\nChì-chió ū /əi/, /əu/, /iə/ kap /uə/.\n\n### Tāng-im\n\nConnacht hong-giân ū-hun tāng-im, chhù-tāng-im kap kheng-im. Goân-chek-siōng tàng-im tī thâu im-cha̍t.\n\nJī-bó\n-----\n\nChú-iāu ū: a b c d e f g h i l m n o p r s t u, kap piáu-sī tn̂g-bó-im--ê á é í ó ú. J, k, q, v, w, x, y, z iōng tī goā-lâi-gú.\n\nJī-ha̍p jī-bó (二合字母) ū: bh, ch, dh, fh, gh, mh, ph, sh, th. Í-chá siá-chò: ḃ, ċ, ḋ, ġ, ṁ, ṗ, ṡ, ṫ.\n\nTùi Kó͘ Ài-ní-lân-gí it-ti̍t kàu 20 sè-kí, thoân-thóng iōng La-teng-jī--ê Gael jī-thé (Cló Gaelach, Gaelic Type) siá.\n\nJī-bó tha̍k-hoat kok-tē bô-kâng, khah ho̍k-cha̍p, mā ū siá-hoat bô ha̍p kok-tē tha̍k-hoat--ê jī, jû: \"deirfiúr\" (a-chí).\n\nGí-hoat\n-------\n\n### Chú-im kau-thè\n\nAì-ní-lân-gí kah kî-tha Celtic gí-cho̍k kâng-khoán, ū chú-im kau-thè (*consonant mutation*)--ê hiān-siōng. Sû-thâu--ê chú-im (ū-sî-á sī ho̍k-ha̍p-sû) ē siū-tio̍h gí-hoat tiâu-kiāⁿ piàn-chò pa̍t-khoán chú-im. Ài-ní-lân gí lāi-té ū nn̄g-chióng kau-thè: jio̍k-im-hòa (弱音化; *lenition*) kap si̍t-im-hòa (蝕音化; *eclipsis*).\n\nJio̍k-im-hòa goân-chek-pió:\n\n| Goân jī-bó | Kái-piàn-āu jī-bó | Goân hoat-im | Kái-piàn-āu hoat-im |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| b | bh | /bˠ/, /bʲ/ | /vˠ/, /vʲ/ |\n| c | ch | /k/, /c/ | /x/, /ç/ |\n| d | dh | /d̪ˠ/, /dʲ/ | /ɣ/, /ʝ/ |\n| f | fh | /fˠ/, /fʲ/ | bô-siaⁿ |\n| g | gh | /g/, /ɟ/ | /ɣ/, /ʝ/ |\n| m | mh | /mˠ/, /mʲ/ | /vˠ/, /vʲ/ |\n| p | ph | /mˠ/ /mʲ/ | /fˠ/, /fʲ/ |\n| s | sh(ts) | /s/ /ʃ/ | /h/ (/tˠ/ /tʲ/) |\n| t | th | /tˠ/ /tʲ/ | /h/ |\n|\n\nSi̍t-im-hòa--ê pió, hoat-seng tī jī-thâu:\n\n| Goân-jī-bó | Kái-piàn-āu jī-bó |\n| --- | --- |\n| b | mb |\n| c | gc |\n| d | nd |\n| g | ng |\n| p | bp |\n| t | dt |\n| bó-im | n-bó-im (lē: na n-úll; [phông-kó sio̍k-keh]) |\n\nTû-liáu \"ng\" tha̍k /ŋ/, \"n-bó-im\" ke-tha̍k thâu-chêng--ê \"n\" , kî-tha lóng kan-ta tha̍k ke-tī thâu-chêng--ê jī-bó.\n\nKoh ū jī-thâu ke t (*t-prothesis*) kap jī-thâu ke h (*h-prothesis*).\n\n### Gí-sū (語序)\n\nKap Celtic gí-cho̍k--ê kî-thaⁿ gí-giân kâng-khoán, gí-sū sī VSO (Tōng-sû - Chú-gí - Pin-gí)\nPí-lūn:\n\nÓlann sé uisce.\nLim-Hun-sek-sek (分析式) i (iông-sèng) chúi.\nI (iông-sèng) lim chúi.\n### Chú-im kau-thè\n\nCeltic gí-cho̍k ū chú-im kau-thè--ê te̍k-teng, Ài-ní-lân-gí mā ū. Ū Jio̍k-im hoà (弱音化， Lenition) kap Àm-im-hoà (暗音化, Eclipsis).\n\nThâu 1 jī sī bó-im--ê sû, ū jī-thâu ke h (H-prothesis), ke t (T-prothesis)--ê hiān-siōng. Jī-thâu ke n sǹg-sī àm-im-hoà.\n\n### Hē-sû (系詞)\n\nÀi-ní-lân-gí--ê hē-sû \"is\" (hiān-chāi-sek) iōng-lâi liân 2 ê tāi-sû (代詞) iah-sī bêng-sû--ê sû-cho͘ (詞組) téng. Kap tōng-sû \"bí\" thang hoan-chò Eng-gí--ê \"be\" (sī), m̄-koh Iōng-hoat bô-kâng.\nLe:\n\n**Is** duine mé.\n[hē-sû] lâng-toaⁿ-sò͘ chú-keh goá.\nGoá sī lâng.\n### Tāi-sû\n\nTâi-sû ū hun toaⁿ-ho̍k-sò͘, tē 3 jîn-chheng ū hun im-iông, mā koh hun liân-chiap-hêng (*conjunctive form*) kap hun-lî-hêng (*disjunctive form*), koh hun ū-bô kiông-tiāu (*emphatic*)--ê hêng.\n\n### Bêng-sû\n\nBêng-sû ū hun chú-keh (kiam siū-keh), sio̍k-keh (só͘-iú-keh), ú-keh (與格, chiap tī chi̍t-koá kài-sû āu) , ho͘-keh (呼格, kho͘ lâng--ê sî iōng). Mā ū hun toaⁿ-sò͘ kap ho̍k-sò͘ (複數), Im-sèng (陰性) kap iông-sèng (陽性).\n\nThong-siông sio̍k-keh, ho͘-keh kap chú-keh sio-siâng. Ū 5 khoán piàn-keh (變格), mā ū bô kui-chek--ê bêng-sû. Bô-kâng hong-giân--ê piàn-keh ū lio̍k-á bô-kâng.\n\nLē:\n\n**Tír** (thó͘-tē), tē 2 piàn-keh (piau-chún-gí).\n\n| Kheh | Toaⁿ-sò͘ | Ho̍k-sò | lē |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Chú-keh | tír | tíortha | Tá **tír** againn.Lán ū thó͘-tē. |\n| Ho͘-keh | a thír | a thíortha | **A thír!**Thó͘-tē--ah! |\n| Sio̍k-keh | tíre | tíortha | ainm **tíre**Thó͘-tē--ê miâ |\n| Ú-keh | tír | tíortha | ag **tír**tī thó͘-tē. |\n\n### Koàn-sû\n\nÉire-gí chí ū 2 ê tēng-koàn-sû (定冠詞): \"an\" (toā-pō͘-hūn toaⁿ-sò͘) kap \"na\" (Ho̍k-sò͘ kap toaⁿ-sò͘ sio̍k-keh im-sèng bêng-sû). Lē:\n\n* **An** bhean (chit-ê cha-bó͘)\n* Poblacht \"**na'** hÉireann\" (\"Ài-ní-lân\" kiōng-hô-kok)\n* **Na** cailíní (Chia-ê cha-bó͘-gín-á)\n\n### Tong-sû Piàn-hoà\n\nÀi-ní-lân-gí sī khut-chiat-gí (屈折語), tōng-sû--ê bóe-liu ū chē-chē--ê piàn-hoà. Ài-ní-lân-gí ū 11--ê put-kui-chek tōng-sû, 2 khoán tōng-sû piàn-hoà. Bô-kâng hong-giân--ê tōng-sû piàn-hoà ū khó-lêng bô-kâng.\n\n### Hêng-iông-sû\n\nHêng-iông-sû ū hun-choè goân-kip (原級) kap pí-kàu-kip. Hêng-iông-sû piàn-hoà siū-tio̍h bêng-sû--ê keh, toaⁿ-ho̍k-sò͘, im-iông-sèng, kiông/jio̍k-bêng-sû (strong/weak noun) téng éng-hióng.\n\n### Kài-sû\n\nChi̍t-koá kài-sû ū jîn-chheng--ê piàn-hoà kap ū-bô kiông-tiāu (emphatic)--ê piàn-hoà.\n\nTāi-chiòng mûi-thé\n------------------\n\n### Tiān-sī-tâi\n\n* TG4\n\n### Tiān-tâi\n\n* RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta - Ho̍k-bū Éire-gí tē-khu--ê.\n* Raidió na Life - Ho̍k-bū Dublin tē-khu--ê.\n* Raidió Fáilte - Ho̍k-bū Pak-ài-ní-lân-ê.\n\nTé-kù\n-----\n\nÍ-hā--ê té-kù iōng piau-chún Ài-ní-lân-gí siá:\n\n* Dia duit: Lí hó.\n* Séan is ainm dom: Goá kiò-chò Séan (Iok-hān).\n* Tá fáilte romhat: Hoan-gêng--lí / (Lí) bián kheh-khì.\n* Go raibh maith agat: To-siā--lí.\n* Slán: Chài-hoē.\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 \"ts\" iōng tī thâu-chêng chiap koàn-sû--ê pō͘-hūn s- khí-thâu--ê im-sèng bêng-sû.","meta":{"title":"Ài-ní-lân-gí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3258,8212,0.3967364831953239],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":10311}} -{"text":"Tâi-oân ê hoat-tiān pí-lē\nTâi-oân khiàm chū-sán lêng-goân, ko-tō͘ óa-khò chìn-kháu. 2018 nî-tō͘ ê lêng-goân kiong-kip ū 97.80% lâi-chū chìn-kháu. In-èng chit-khoán chêng-sè, Tâi-oân ê lêng-goân hoat-tián bo̍k-piau sī khak-pó lêng-goân an-choân, le̍k-sek keng-chè, khoân-kéng éng-sio̍k kap siā-hōe kong-pêⁿ ê kun-hêng hoat-tián. Tâi-oân tī 2015 nî ê thòaⁿ pâi-hòng iok chiàm thong-sè-kài ê 0.77%. 2018 nî chio̍h-iû siau-hùi-liōng sī 49,074-chheng kong-péng iû-tong-liōng, pí 2017 nî cheng-ka 0.07%. Tiān-le̍k siau-hùi-liōng sī 264,386 pah-bān tō͘, pí 2017 nî cheng-ka 1.14%. Ūi-tio̍h kiám-kē tùi chìn-kháu lêng-goân ê óa-khò, chū 1990 nî-tāi khai-sí, í Keng-chè-pō͘ Lêng-goân-kio̍k, Kho-ki-pō͘, Goân-chú-lêng Úi-oân-hōe kap kúi keng tāi-ha̍k ûi-chú, khai-sí chài-seng lêng-goân ê gián-kiù, ǹg-bāng thang cheng-ka pún-thó͘ chū-sán lêng-goân ê pí-lē. 2022 nî, Tâi-oân ê chài-seng lêng-goân hoat-tiān-liōng chiàm chéng-thé hoat-tiān-liōng ê 8.3%, chhiau-kòe he̍k-lêng ê 8.2%. Che sī chài-seng lêng-goân choân nî-tō͘ hoat-tiān-liōng tē-it pái chhiau-kòe he̍k-lêng. Chài-seng lêng-goân ê hoat-tiān-liōng hām kū-nî sio-pí cheng-ka 36%. Tâi-oân Keng-chè-pō͘ piáu-sī, ē koh kè-sio̍k cheng-ka le̍k-sek tiān-le̍k chong-tì iông-liōng, ī-kè kàu 2025 nî kàu 29 chheng óa.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân ê lêng-goân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1257,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1424}} -{"text":"**Big-5** sī 1-chóng iōng-lâi chhú-lí Hôa-gí iōng ê thôan-thóng hàn-jī ê pian-bé. Bô pau-koat Kńg-tang-oē, Bân-lâm-gí téng-téng ê te̍k-sû Hàn-jī. HKSCS sī Hiang-káng chèng-hú pó·-chhiong Big5 ê thê-àn, pau-koat-tio̍h Kńg-tang-oē-bûn su-iàu ê hàn-jī.\n\nHoâ-gí miâ-chheng ê ián-piàn\n----------------------------\n\nBig-5 ê Hôa-gí miâ ū 2 chióng, kió-chóe **五大碼 (Ngó·-tāi-bé)** iah-sī **大五碼 (Tāi-ngó·-bé)**\n\nTâi-oân ê 13-keng kong-si tâng-chê khai-hoat 五大中文套裝軟體，財團法人資訊工業策進會 pang 五大中文套裝軟體 ché-tēng tiān-náu pian-bé, in-ūi chit-thō tiān-náu pian-bé tong-chho·-sî sī ūi 五大中文套裝軟體 so· khai-hoat, so·-í tioh kiò-chóe **Big-5**。\n\nChham-khó· Bûn-hiàn\n-------------------\n\n1. ↑ Lâi-oân chham-khó·：(Hàn-gí)財團法人中文數位化技術推廣基金會——認識中文碼 Archived 2009-03-07 at the Wayback Machine.\n2. ↑ Lâi-oân chham-khó·：(Hàn-gí)行政院主計處電子處理資料中心中文全字庫——中文碼介紹 Archived 2015-03-18 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Big-5","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[240,873,0.27491408934707906],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1046}} -{"text":"**Hu̍t-kàu** (**Pu̍t-kàu**, 佛教), sè-kài 3-tōa chong-kàu chi-it, (Lēng-gōa 2-ê sī Ki-to̍k-kàu kah Islam-kàu). Se-gôan-chêng 6 sè-kí ê sî-tāi, Sek-khia-mô·-nî tī Kó·-Ìn-tō· chhòng-kiàn liáu Hu̍t-kàu, kiò-chòe **hu̍t-tô**. Àn thôan-pō· sòaⁿ-lō·, ē-tàng kā Hu̍t-kàu pun-chòe Lâm-thôan Hu̍t-kàu kah Pak-thôan Hu̍t-kàu, ah nā àn-chiàu **kàu-gī** ê cheng-chha lâi kóng, koh ē-sái pun-chò Sió-sêng Hu̍t-kàu (小乘佛教) kah Tāi-sêng Hu̍t-kàu (大乘佛教). Hiān-chú-sî, Hu̍t-kàu chú-iàu sī liû-hêng tī Tiong-kok, Hân-kok, Ji̍t-pún chià-ê Tang-a tē-khu kah 1-kóa-á Tang-lâm-a ê kok-ka (phì-jû-kóng Thài-kok)\n\nHu̍t-kàu ê le̍k-sú\n------------------\n\n*Ē-ēng--ê chham-khó Hu̍t-kàu le̍k-sú*\n\nSek-khia-mô·-nî kòe-sin liáu-āu, Hu̍t-kàu tī tng-sî ê Ìn-tō· tit-tio̍h chin-kín hoat-tián, kàu-kah **Khóng-chhiok Ông-tiâu A-io̍k-ông** ê sî-tāi, Hu̍t-kàu í-keng chiâⁿ-chòe Ìn-tō· ê kok-kàu, hui-siông ê liông-sēng. Kèng-hōng hu̍t-chó· ê hu̍t-thah mā khai-sí tāi-liōng teh kiàn-chō. Ùi se-gôan-chêng 150-nî khai-sí kiàn-chō ê **A-chiân-tô chio̍h-khut** (阿旃陀石窟), it-ti̍t kàu-kah se-gôan 7 sè-kí chiah chò soah. \n\nSûi-tio̍h hêng-sè teh hoat-tián, Hu̍t-kàu mā put-tōan teh siu-chèng kah hong-hù Sek-khia-mô·-nî ê ha̍k-soat, kàu-bóe-á hun-hòa chò 18-pō· ( ū lâng kóng 20 pō· ). Se-gôan 1 sè-kí ê sî, sán-seng **Tāi-sêng Hu̍t-kàu**. \n\nÀn **Khóng-chhiok Ông-tiâu** khai-sí, Hu̍t-kàu to̍h pun 2-ê bô-kāng ê hong-hiòng hiòng gōa-kok thôan-pò·. **Lâm-thôan Hu̍t-kàu** (Sió-sêng Hu̍t-kàu ) chú-iàu thn̂g-thòaⁿ kàu Thài-kok, Bián-tiān, Kán-po·-chē kah Su-lí-lân-khah chià-ê só·-chāi. **Pak-thôan Hu̍t-kàu** (Tāi-sêng Hu̍t-kàu ) koh-chài pun-chòe 2-ê phài-pia̍t. 1-phài keng-iû Keshen Mil thòaⁿ khì-kàu Sin-kiong, jī-chhiáⁿ tī Hàn-tāi ê sî-chūn thôan-ji̍p Tiong-kok, hêng-sêng Hàn-thôan Hu̍t-kàu (漢傳佛教), āu--lâi koh-chài thôan-ji̍p-khì Tiâu-sián, Ji̍t-pún kah O̍at-lâm. Lēng-gōa koh 1-phài chú-iàu tī Se-chōng tē-khu thòaⁿ-kin, lâng kiò-chòe Chōng-thôan Hu̍t-kàu (藏傳佛教), mā-to̍h-sī **Lā-ma-kàu**.\n\nKi-pún kàu-gī\n-------------\n\nPài-hu̍t ê lâng jīn-ûi sè-kan chhiong-bóan thòng-khó·, bān-bu̍t lóng m̄-sī kò·-tēng put-piàn--ê, che hō·-chòe **bû-siông**. Hu̍t-kàu ê ki-pún kàu-gī sī **sù-tè** (四谛), to̍h-sī \"**khó·, chi̍p, bia̍t, tō**\" (苦,集,灭,道). \n\n**Khó·-tè** sī Hu̍t-kàu ê khí-tiám, jîn-ûi jîn-seng ū 7-hāng khó· : **\"seⁿ\", \"lāu\", \"pīⁿ\", \"sí\", \"hun-lî\", \"òan-hūn\", \"kiû--lâng\"(求不得). Chí-beh lâi kàu chia, to̍h pit-tēng ài siū thòng-khó· ê chiat-bôa.** \n\n**Chi̍p-tè** kái-soeh sán-seng thòng-khó· ê kun-gôan, jīn-ûi kóng, sī lâng to̍h-ū iok-bōng, to̍h-ē sán-seng hiō-kó, ah hiō-kó to̍h-sī thòng-khó· ê kin-gôan. Che to̍h-sī **in-kó** ha̍k-soat. \n\n**Bia̍t-tè** soeh-bêng liáu beh án-chóaⁿ lâi siau-tû thòng-khó·. Jīn-ûi koan-kiàn sī ài siau-tû iok-bōng. \n\n**Tō-tè** kā lâng kóng-bêng siu-tō ê lō·-tô· kah hong-hoat, kóng ài thong-kòe **pat-chèng-tō** (八正道) ê siu-hēng chiah ē-tàng ta̍t-kàu **put-seng, put-bia̍t, cho̍at-tùi ê tiām-chēng kah éng-góan chhiau-thoat** ê kéng-kài. \n\nHu̍t-kàu kàu-tō lâng ài **lún-khúi-kiû-seng, jīm-lô-jīm-òan**, ài ū **chú-ngó· hi-seng** ê cheng-sîn. Hu̍t-kàu thê-chhiòng chiòng-seng pêng-téng, jīn-ûi jīm-hô lâng chí-beh siong-sìn Hu̍t to̍h ē-tàng tit-tio̍h kái-thoat. \n\nSek-khia-mô·-nî bat chhì-kòe kúi-á-khóan ê pō·-sò·, siūⁿ-beh thè lâng tit-tio̍h kái-thoat. Kàu-bóe-á, i tī 1-châng phô·-thê-chhiū-kha siūⁿ 7-mê 7-ji̍t, chóng-sǹg kak-ngō·, i ngō·-chhut 1-tiâu lí-lūn : lâng tiāⁿ-tio̍h ài keng-kòe siu-hēng chiah ē-tàng siau-tû hôan-ló kah hi-bî, ta̍t-kàu ôan-chôan kái-thoat ê kéng-kài, liáu-āu to̍h tit-tio̍h tōa tì-hūi, liáu-chhiat seⁿ-sí, án-ne chú-jiân to̍h-ē ôan-lî khó·-chhó·. \n\nHu̍t-kàu kok kàu-phài tī hoat-tián tang-tiong lóng-chóng hêng-sêng kok-chū ê te̍k-sek kah kàu-gī. \n\nSió-sêng Hu̍t-kàu kian-chhî Hu̍t-kàu siōng-chá-sî ê kàu-gī, jīn-ûi Sek-khia-mô·-nî sī siōng tāi-seng thiat-té kak-ngō· ê lâng, m̄-sī sîn-bêng, chí-sī í-kéng ôan-chôan kái-thoat ê úi-jîn. Ah phó·-thong lâng nā beh kin-sûi hu̍t ê kàu-tō, pit-su seng ài chhut-ke chò hôe-siūⁿ chò 1-chām sî-kan, chòe-āu thiat-tē kái-thoat chiâⁿ-chò a-lô-hàn (阿罗汉). Sió-sêng Hu̍t-kàu chông-pài sī-biō ê ti̍t-sū (秩序), kóng sī-biō siong-tin tio̍h sè-kan ê hu̍t-thah, iā-to̍h-sī **bān-tô-lô** (曼陀罗). \n\nTāi-sêng Hu̍t-kàu jîn-ûi lâng-lâng lóng ē-tàng sêng-hu̍t, lâng keng-kòe siu-hēng lóng ē-tàng khì-kàu se-hng ke̍k-lo̍k sè-kài, to̍h-sī chiâⁿ-chò hu̍t. Tāi-sêng Hu̍t-kàu chông-pài hu̍t-siōng (佛像), jīn-ûi bô-it-tēng ài chhut-ke，chí-beh sim-lāi ū hu̍t, chóng-ū 1-kang kāng-khóan mā-ē chiâⁿ-chòe **hu̍t**.\n\nHu̍t-kàu ê éng-hiáng\n--------------------\n\nHu̍t-kàu tùi A-chiu kok-ka ê éng-hiáng siōng-kài chhim, Hu̍t-kàu ê su-sióng í-keng chiâⁿ-chòe sìn-kàu kok-ka jîn-bîn ê jîn-seng koan-liām. M̄-koh tī Ìn-tō·, Hu̍t-kàu bûn-hòa khiok-sī lú-lâi-lú pāi-hài, hiān-chú-sī hu̍t-tō· tī Ìn-tō· chí-ū 0.6% ê jîn-khàu, jī-chhiáⁿ chin hun-sòaⁿ. \n\nHu̍t-kàu liông-sēng ê kok-ka kah tē-khu, in ê bîn-cho̍k bûn-hòa kah gē-su̍t lóng-chóng siū-tio̍h Hu̍t-kàu su-sióng chiok tōa ê éng-hiáng. \n\n* Hu̍t-kàu gē-su̍t\n* Hu̍t-kàu im-ga̍k\n\nHu̍t-keng\n---------\n\n*chham-khó Hu̍t-keng lia̍t-toaⁿ*\n\nHu̍t-keng pau-hâm Hu̍t-kàu it-chhè ha̍k-soat. Hu̍t-keng ê chôan-chi̍p hō·-chòe Tāi-chōng-keng。\n\nHu̍t-kàu chong-phài\n-------------------\n\n* Sian-chong\n* Thian-tâi-chong\n* Hian-siu-chong\n* Chēng-thó·-chong\n* Chōng-bi̍t\n\nHu̍t-kàu chè-tō·\n----------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nHu̍t-kàu bûn-hòa\n----------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Motomoto Taiwan Archived 2006-02-09 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Hu̍t-kàu siâⁿ-chhī : Hu̍t-kàu mn̂g-chhùi-kháu\n* Tiong-hòa Hu̍t-kàu\n* Tiong-kok Hu̍t-kàu Hia̍p-hōe Archived 2015-11-04 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Sè-kài Chēng-chong Hia̍p-hōe\n* Tiong-kok Hu̍t-kàu Chu-gôan Bāng-chām Archived 2015-11-04 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Ìn-sun Hu̍t-kàu Ki-kim-hōe (Ìn-sūn hoat-su chôan-chi̍p\n* Hu̍t-kàu Chû-chè Ki-kim-hōe\n* Hu̍t-kong-san Chôan-kiû Chu-sìn Bāng Archived 2007-09-09 at the Wayback Machine.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85017454\n* GND: 4008690-2\n* BNF: cb11938935j (data)\n* HDS: 011393\n* NDL: 00560947\n* NKC: ph114205\n* BNE: XX4659777\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Hu̍t-kàu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[677,5898,0.11478467277043065],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7091}} -{"text":"\n\n**Pat-kòa** (ha̍k-miâ: *Birgus latro*) sī siāng tōa chiah ê lio̍k-tē chiat-chiok-tōng-bu̍t. Kang--ê ē-tàng hoat-io̍k kàu 1 kong-chhioh tn̂g (tùi thâu kàu bóe), 17 kong-kin tāng. Pat-kòa ki-pún-siōng sī 1 khoán kià-seⁿ-á. I ū-hoat-tō· iōng i chho·-ióng ê \"khîⁿ-á\" chiong iâ-chí khak kòng phòa, thang chia̍h lāi-bīn ê iâ-iû.\n\nPat-kòa tī chi̍t-kóa-á gí-giân hō-chò \"thó·-húi-hē\" a̍h-sī \"iâ-á-chha̍t\" (Tek-gí: *Palmendieb*), in-ūi ū sî-chūn ē tùi lâng chhù--lìn sa cháu kim-tang-tang ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ.\n\nBu̍t-chéng\n----------\n\nPat-kòa kha-chiah-phiaⁿ-bīn (1849 nî ê ang-á)\n*Birgus latro* sī choân sè-kài siāng-kài tōa-chia̍h ê lio̍k-tē-hē. Kang--ê thong-siông pí bó--ê khah tōa-chiah. Bûn-hiàn kì-chài ê tōa-sè bô it-tēng: kin-kù tōa pō·-hūn ê chu-liāu, thang tn̂g 40 cm,, siāng tāng kàu 4.1 kg, kha nā chhun tn̂g ē-tàng kàu 0.91 m tn̂g. Ū pò-kò soan-chheng ū 17 kg tāng, 1 m tn̂g ê pat-kòa. Ū lâng jīn-ûi lio̍k-tē chiat-chiok-lūi lí-lūn-siōng bô khó-lêng pí che koh khah tōa. (Chúi-lāi ê chiat-chiok-lūi in-ūi ū chúi tàu phô·, iáu ū khó-lêng khah tōa.)\n\nPat-kòa ê sin-khu chhin-chhiūⁿ kî-thaⁿ ê cha̍p-chiok-lūi, pun thâu-chêng pō·-ūi (hō-chò thâu-heng-khám, *cephalothorax*) kap pak-tó· pō·-ūi. Chit-ê sin-khu tàu 10 ki kha. Siāng thâu-chêng hit-tùi kha ū chho·-ióng ê tōa-ki khîⁿ-á, che si̍t-giām chèng-bêng ū gia̍h 29 kg tāng ê hoat-tō·. Khah āu-piah ū 3-tùi kha ū khah sè-ki ê chiáu-thâu, tû-liáu iōng lâi tiàm tē-bīn pê í-gōa, iū-koh ē-tàng pang in peh--khí-lih chhiū-á-téng (6 m koân m̄ sī būn-tê). Siāng bóe-liu hit tùi kha ke chin iù, it-poaⁿ kiu tī sin-khu lāi-té, î-it ê kong-lêng sī chheng in-ê chhoán-khùi khì-koan. Pat-kòa pêng-kin ē-tàng oa̍h 30 chì 60 tang kú (siông-sè jōa kú, bûn-hiàn bô 1-ê tēng-lūn).\n\nSui-bóng *Birgus latro* sio̍k-î kià-seⁿ-á ê 1 lūi, kan-taⁿ iù-hē ē tàu khak-á pó-hō· in nńg-nńg ê pak-tó·. Khah sêng-se̍k--ê ū-sî ē the̍h phòa iâ-chí-khak lâi tàu. Chóng--sī sêng-se̍k ê pat-kòa bô teh khàm khak; in pak-tó· pō·-ūi ê khak ke-thiⁿ *chitin* kap chio̍h-hún ê sêng-hūn lâi ka-kiông bú-chong. Koh, in ē kā bóe chhun tò-oa̍t lâi pó-hō· ē-pêng. Bú-chong--kòe ê pak-tó·-pêng oân-ná ū kiám-chió chúi-hun liû-sit ê lō·-iōng. Î-it ê khoat-tiám tō-sī pak-tó·-pêng su-iàu tēng-kî thǹg khak, thang koh-chài seⁿ sin--ê chhut--lâi. Oāⁿ khak tio̍h khai 30 kang ê sî-kan. Tng chit-ê sî-kî sī pat-kòa siāng chhùi-jio̍k ê sî-chūn, tì-sú in it-poaⁿ ē cháu khì bih.\n\nChia̍h\n------\n\nPat-kòa chú-iàu chia̍h kok-chióng kóe-chí, pau-koah iâ-chí kap bû-hoa-kó. Chóng--sī chí-iàu sī iú-ki--ê lóng ē-chia̍h-tit, chhin-chhiūⁿ hio̍h-á, ku nn̄g, tōng-bu̍t ê sí-thé kap khak-á (ē-tàng pó· Ca). Oa̍h--ê, siuⁿ sô ê tōng-bu̍t oân-ná sī in ê tùi-siōng. Pat-kòa ē hō·-siong thau-the̍h chia̍h-mi̍h.\n\nPat-kòa ē peh chhiū chia̍h kóe-chí, nà-liâng, a̍h-sī siám-phiah te̍k-jîn. In khui iâ-chí ê kang-hu tī tōng-bu̍t-kài ē-sái kóng chin te̍k-sû. Ū kú-kú 1 tōaⁿ sî-kan ū lâng giâu-gî pat-kòa ū châi-tiāu ngiáu khui iâ-chí. An-chhah tī si̍t-giām-sek lāi ê pat-kòa hō· in chē-chē iâ-chí mā sī iau-iau--sí. Put-jî-kò tī 1980 nî-tāi Holger Rumpf sêng-kong tī iá-gōa koan-chhat tio̍h in khui iâ-chí. In ū te̍k-pia̍t ê ki-su̍t. Ká-sú iâ-chí ê gōa-phôe iáu tī--teh, in ē seng iōng chiáu-thâu kā pak tiāu (tiāⁿ-tio̍h tùi iâ-chí ê 3-ê puh-gê-khang lo̍h-chhiú). Pat-kòa iōng khîⁿ-á ti̍t-ti̍t kòng hit 3 ê khang, kàu phòa chiah siu-soah. Liáu-āu in oa̍t 180-tō·, kái iōng pa̍t-kha khah sè-ki ê khîⁿ-á chiong lāi-bīn ê pe̍h bah ó·--chhut-lâi. Khah tōa-chiah ê pat-kòa ū-hoat-tō· kā iâ-chí thiah chò kúi-nā-tè, khah hong-piān chia̍h.\n\nTòa\n---\n\nSêng-se̍k ê pat-kòa tòa tī lio̍k-tē, it-poaⁿ kéng oá hái ê tē-tiám; lī hái 6 km hn̄g mā ū khó-lêng. In bih tī soa-á a̍h-sī sang thô· lāi ê khang; chio̍h-thâu phāng mā ē-tòa-tit. Ta̍k-chiah pat-kòa ka-kī ó· 1 khut ka-kī tòa. Ji̍t--sî ko·-1-ê bih tòa hia, che tû-liáu ē-tàng pó-hō· ka-kī, mā ū kiám-chió chúi-hun liû-sit ê lō·-iōng. In kā 1-ki kha khòe tī khut-chhùi hit tah, án-ne kā \"chhù\" hong tiâu leh, thang î-chhî 1-ê sip-sip ê khoân-kéng. Che pang-chān in chhoán-khùi. Pat-kòa sò·-liōng chē ê só·-chāi khòaⁿ-ē-tio̍h ū pat-kòa ji̍t--sī cháu--chhut-lâi-ê. Che kiám-chhái sī chhōe-chia̍h kēng-cheng só· ín-khí ê hêng-ûi. Kiàn-nā lo̍h-hō·-thiⁿ a̍h-sī sip-tō· koân, in oân-ná khéng chhut-lâi.\n\nPó-io̍k tē-ūi\n-------------\n\nIUCN Âng-miâ-toaⁿ jīn-ûi bo̍k-chêng bô-kàu chu-liāu phoàⁿ-toān pat-kòa ê seng-thài chōng-hóng. It-poaⁿ jīn-ûi pat-kòa tī chi̍t-kóa-á tó-siōng put-chí-á phó·-phiàn, ah tī kî-thaⁿ só·-chāi tō ke chin hi-hán. Hái-hōaⁿ khai-hoat kè-e̍k sok-pa̍k in i-lāi seng-chûn ê thian-jiân khoân-kéng kap tē-pôaⁿ. Jîn-kháu chē--ê só·-chāi kiám-chhái tùi pat-kòa khah put-lī. Kòe-tō· lia̍h oân-ná chō-chiâⁿ sò·-liōng kiám-chió--khì. Pō·-hūn tē-hng ū hoat-kui pó-hō· pat-kòa, khó-pí kóng kìm lia̍h sè-chiah--ê a̍h-sī kìm-chí lâng tī hoân-si̍t-kî-kan lo̍h-chhiú.\n\nPat-kòa-kiáⁿ te̍k-pia̍t siū lâng ín--ji̍p-lâi ê bah-sit tōng-bu̍t gûi-hāi, chhin-chhiūⁿ kóng niáu-chhí, ti-á, káu-hiā. Sêng-se̍k ê pat-kòa tû-liáu lâng í-gōa, bô kî-thaⁿ ê thian-te̍k. In ê sī-le̍k bái, tio̍h khò cheng-chhek thô·-kha tín-tāng lâi chat te̍k-jîn ê tōng-chēng.\n\nSeⁿ-thòaⁿ\n---------\n\n5 goe̍h kàu 9 goe̍h (te̍k-pia̍t sī 7~8 goe̍h) sī pat-kòa ê kau-phòe kî. Múi 1 pái ê sî-kan té-té--ah, m̄-koh tōng-chok chin chia̍p, thong-siông tiàm ta-sò ê soa-á-téng chò. Kang--ê, bó--ê seng sio-tak chi̍t--khùn-ah, liáu-āu kang--ê kā bó--ê chhia péng-pêng, khai-sí chìn-hêng, chiân-āu tāi-iok 15 hun-cheng kú. Bó--ê sûi pàng-nn̄g, pēng-chhiáⁿ kā hiah-ê siū-cheng--kòe ê nn̄g kô· tòa pak-tó·-téng, sûi-sin chah tiâu-tiâu iok-lio̍k kúi-nā-kó·-goe̍h. Kàu-kah 10 goe̍h, 11 goe̍h hit-chūn, pat-kòa-bó kui-tīn tán chúi khí-tiòng chiah kā nn̄g kui-thoaⁿ pàng ji̍p-khì hái-chúi lāi-bīn.\n\nSin iù-hē hō-chò *zoea*. In tī hái-chúi-lāi phû 28 kang; chit-tōaⁿ sî-kan chē-chē khì hō· pa̍t-khoán seng-bu̍t chia̍h--khì. Chûn-oa̍h--lo̍h-lâi-ê tiàm hái-té kap hái-kîⁿ oa̍h-tōng 28 kang. In chioh khang hái-lê khak-á lâi pó-hō· sin-khu. Hām kî-thaⁿ ê kià-seⁿ-á sio-siâng, kiàn-nā tōa--khí-lâi tio̍h chhōe sin khak lâi tàu. 28 kang kòe-liáu, in tō éng-kiú lī-khui hái, mā sit-khì tī chúi-lāi chhoán-khùi ê châi-tiāu. Nā-chún chhōe bô tú-tú ē ha̍h ê lê-khak, ū-sî-chūn ē chioh phòa-khang ê iâ-chí khak lâi tāi-thè. Sêng-se̍k ê pat-kòa tō lóng oân-choân bô koh-chài phāiⁿ khak. Tùi nn̄g puh--chhut-lâi liáu-āu 4 chì 8 tang chiah sǹg sêng-se̍k, chiah ū thang kau-phòe, seⁿ-thòaⁿ. Tùi kah-khak-lūi lâi kóng sǹg sī put-chí-á tn̂g ê sî-kan.\n\nHun-pò͘\n-------\n\nPat-kòa tī Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ kap sai Thài-pêng-iûⁿ ū-tè-chhōe. Sèng-tàn-tó (tī Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ) ū choân sè-kài siāng tōa tīn, pó-chûn liáu siāng chiâu-chn̂g ê pat-kòa tīn. Kî-thaⁿ chú-iàu ê tē-tiám pau-koah Cook Kûn-tó (te̍k-pia̍t sī Pukapuka, Suwarrow, Mangaia, Takutea, Mauke, Atiu kap Palmerston khah sè ê tó), Sesel-tó (te̍k-pia̍t sī Aldabra, Glorieuse, Astove, Assumption, kap Cosmoledo).\n\nIn-ūi sêng-se̍k ê pat-kòa bô siû-chúi ê châi-tiāu, si̍t-bîn hiah-ê tó-sū ê pat-kòa tiāⁿ-tio̍h sī iáu ū-hoat-tō· siû ê sè-chiah iù-hē (*larvae*). Chóng--sī, in-ūi chi̍t-kóa-á tó-sū hn̄g-kīn si̍t-chāi chha thài chē, ū gián-kiù-chiá jīn-ûi iù-hē 28 kang ê sèⁿ-miā-kî bô-kàu gia̍h, ah in èng-kai ū tit-tio̍h kî-thaⁿ hong-sek ê pang-chān, khó-pí kóng tiàm tī phû-chhâ téng-koân sūn hái-chúi ê sè phiau-lōng kàu-ūi.\n\nPat-kòa ê tē-lí hun-pò· ū chi̍t-kóa-á bêng-hián ê phāng. Khó-pí kóng Ìn-nî Borneo hù-kīn a̍h-sī Papua Sin Guinea. Chiah-ê tó lī pat-kòa khiā-khí ê tē-tiám pēng-bô kóng kài hn̄g, jī-chhiáⁿ koh ū sek-tong ê chûn-oa̍h khoân-kéng, khiok-sī tó-siōng oân-choân bô pat-kòa. Che sī in-ūi tong-tē ê pat-kòa tīn í-keng hō· lâng chia̍h kah bô chhun, tn̄g-chéng khì ah.\n\nTô͘-siōng\n---------\n\n* Pat-kòa — chiân-sī-tô͘Pat-kòa — chiân-sī-tô͘\n* Kok-chióng sek-chhái ê pat-kòaKok-chióng sek-chhái ê pat-kòa\n* \n* Tòa-tio̍h lê-á-khak koh pak-tó͘ kiu khí-lâi ê siàu-liân pat-kòa piau-púnTòa-tio̍h lê-á-khak koh pak-tó͘ kiu khí-lâi ê siàu-liân pat-kòa piau-pún\n*\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. ↑ Cumberlidge, N. (2020). \"Birgus latro\". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T2811A126813586. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T2811A126813586.en.\n2. ↑ McLaughlin, Patsy (2010). McLaughlin, P. (ed.). \"Birgus latro (Linnaeus, 1767)\". World Paguroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved March 3, 2011.\n3. ↑ McLaughlin, Patsy A.; Komai, Tomoyuki; Lemaitre, Rafael; Rahayu, Dwi Listyo (2010). Low, Martyn E.Y.; Tan, S.H. (eds.). \"Part I – Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea, and Paguroidea\" (PDF). Zootaxa. Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea). Suppl. 23: 5–107. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-22.\n4. ↑ Piotr Naskrecki (2005). *The Smaller Majority*. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-674-01915-7.\n5. ↑ World Wildlife Fund (2001). \"Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests (IM0125)\". *Terrestrial Ecoregions*. National Geographic. April 15, 2009 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nChham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* *Chagos Conservation Management Plan* par le Dr. Charles Sheppard et le Dr. Mark Spalding Department of Biology Sciences, University of Warwick UK (Eng-gí)\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Le̍k-tó pat-kòa kán-kài\n* The Coconut Crab (*Birgus latro*): A Comprehensive Account Of The Biology And Conservation Issues (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Pat-kòa (tōng-bu̍t)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1795,9353,0.19191703196835241],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Pat-kòa
    (Coconut crab)
    Kho-ha̍k hun-lūi \"e\"
    Kài:Animalia
    A-mn̂g:Crustacea
    Kong:Malacostraca
    Bo̍k:Decapoda
    Kho:Coenobitidae
    Sio̍k:Birgus
    Leach, 1816
    Chéng:
    B. latro
    Ha̍k-miâ
    Birgus latro
    (Linnaeus, 1767) 
    Hun-pò͘ tô͘; pat-kòa seng-oa̍h tī chúi-sek hoān-ûi lāi ê hái-kîⁿ; âng tiám sī chú-iàu chhe-tē, n̂g-sek sī chhù-iàu--ê.
    Siâng-ì-miâ
    \n
    • Cancer crumenatus Rumphius, 1705 (Linnean chêng)
      • \n
    • Cancer crumenatus orientalis Seba, 1759
      • \n
    • Cancer latro Linnaeus, 1767
      • \n
    • Birgus laticauda Latreille, 1829
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":10565}} -{"text":"**Hân Liông-chùn** (韓良俊) (1936~), Tâi-oân Tâi-lâm-chhī lâng, Hân chio̍h-chôaⁿ (韓石泉) ê tē-3 hāu-seⁿ, 1962 nî Tâi-oân Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k gê-i ha̍k-sū, 1970 nî Ji̍t-pún-kok Ji̍t-pún Tāi-ha̍k khí-ha̍k phok-sū.\n\nTam-jīm kòe Tâi-tāi Gê-i-ha̍k-hē kàu-siū, chú-jīm, kap gê-kho gián-kiù-só· só·-tiúⁿ. Chiân-jīm Tâi-oân Hêng-chèng-īⁿ Ōe-seng-sú Gê-i Chu-sûn Úi-goân-hōe chú-úi. Chit-má tam-jīm Tâi-oân Kok-ka Ōe-seng Gián-kiù-īⁿ pin-nn̂g kap chhùi-khiuⁿ-gâm gián-kiù sió-cho· tiāu-chi̍p-jîn, kap Tâi-tāi Gê-i-ha̍k-hē ê bêng-ī kàu-siū. I sī tē-12-kài I-liâu Hōng-hiàn-chióng ê te̍k-chú. \n\nChú-iàu gián-kiù léng-e̍k:\n\n* *放射線性顎骨壞死之診斷與治療；接受頭頸部放射線治療患者之牙科照護*\n* *齒牙顏面發育畸形－改良式閉合式髁突下位截骨術之應用*\n* *台灣檳榔嚼塊之致癌性*\n\nI mā chiâⁿ koan-sim Tâi-gí-bûn ê sú-iōng kap hoat-tián.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 韓良俊名譽教授\n\n* Hân Liông-chùn, tē-12-kài I-liâu Hōng-hiàn-chióng te̍k-chú","meta":{"title":"Hân Liông-chùn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[209,910,0.22967032967032966],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1050}} -{"text":" \n***Il Postino*** (Italia-gí ê \"iû-chhe\", \"the̍h-phoe-ê\" ê ì-sù) sī 1994 nî Italia tō-ián Michael Radford chí-tō ê iáⁿ-hì. Chit-chhut hì chi̍t-khai-sí tī Bí-kok khai-ián sī iōng ***The Postman*** ê miâ. Sī ti̍t-chiap kā Italia-gí phiau-tê hoan-e̍k chò Eng-gí. M̄-koh lō͘-boé in-ūi Kevin Costner ê kâng-miâ iáⁿ-hì khai-ián, chit-phìⁿ chhut-pán ê DVD to̍h lóng-sī iōng ***Il Postino: The Postman*** ê miâ. Iōng Eng-bûn siá ê iáⁿ-hì phêng-lūn it-poaⁿ mā lóng-sī iōng i-ê Italia-gí pún-miâ lâi chheng.\n\nChit-phìⁿ kè-khang iáⁿ-phìⁿ kan-sia̍p tio̍h chi̍t-ê Chile si-jîn Pablo Neruda kap chi̍t-ê siū i éng-hióng khai-sí tha̍k si, siá si ê the̍h-phoe-ê chiâⁿ-chò pêng-iú ê kò͘-sū. Chú-iàu ián-oân ū Philippe Noiret, Massimo Troisi kap Maria Grazia Cucinotta [en]. Hì-bûn sī Anna Pavignano [en], Michael Radford, Furio Scarpelli [en], Giacomo Scarpelli [en] kap Massimo Troisi chiū Antonio Skármeta ê siáu-soat *Ardiente paciencia [en]* koè-siá ê. Skármeta pún-lâng mā bat tī 1985 iōng *Ardiente Paciencia* ê miâ kā koè-siá chò hì-bûn.\n\nChiâⁿ-choè ián-oân kap hì-bûn chok-chiá ê Massimo Troisi ūi-tio̍h chit-chhut hì kā i-ê sim-chōng chhiú-su̍t oān-ji̍t. Iáⁿ-hì oân-sêng keh bô-kúi kang, i to̍h sim-chōng-pēⁿ hoat-chok koè-sin ah.\n\nChêng-chat\n----------\n\nSè-kài ū-miâ ê Chile si-jîn, Pablo Neruda, sī chi̍t-ê Kiōng-sán-tóng-oân. In-ūi chèng-tī ê koan-hē, i khì hō͘ lia̍h-phoè kàu Italia ê chi̍t-ê ko͘-tó, kan-taⁿ in bó͘ kap i choè-phoāⁿ. Tī chit-ê tó ū chi̍t-ê m̄-kam-goān kè-gia̍p in lāu-pē chò thó-hái-lâng ê siàu-liân, Mario Ruoppolo. I chhoē-tio̍h lēng-goā chi̍t-ê lîm-sî iû-chhe ê thâu-lō͘. M̄-koh in-ūi tó lāi ê lâng tāi-pō͘-hūn lóng-sī chhiⁿ-mî-gû, i ho̍k-bū ê kò͘-kheh to̍h kan-taⁿ Neruda chi̍t-ê. I ta̍k-kang khiâ chū-choán-chhia sàng phoe hō͘ Neruda, ū-sî ē chhoē ki-hoē kau-poê. Neruda mā kap chit-ê siàu-liân-ê chiâⁿ-choè pêng-iú.\n\nKâng-sî Mario mā ài-tio̍h chi̍t-ê ko͘-niû, Beatrice Russo. I tī chhoan-lāi in a-ḿ ê café khang-khoè. Mario tùi Beatrice sī chin siu-siap, to̍h pài-thok Neruda tàu-saⁿ-kāng. Mario ka-tī siá si hō͘ Beatrice piáu-ta̍t sim-lāi-ì. Sui-bóng a-ḿ put-chí-á hoán-tùi, Beatrice iû-goân mā ài-tio̍h Mario. \n\nLō͘-boé in nn̄g-ê kiat-hun. Hun-lé ê sî, Neruda siu-tio̍h phoe kóng Chile chèng-hú í-keng thiat-khì kā i tòng-chò hiân-sióng choē-hoān. I mā ē-tit-thang tò-tńg-khì in chó͘-kok.\n\nKúi-nā tang āu. Neruda têng-iû chit-ê tó. I tī éng-koè-á ê café tú-tio̍h Beatrice kap in hāu-seⁿ. I thiaⁿ Beatrice kóng chiah chai-iáⁿ, Mario tī hāu-seⁿ chhut-sì chìn-chêng tō siū-hāi koè-sin. I pún-té í-keng an-pâi hó beh tī Kiōng-sán-tóng tī Naples ê toā chū-hoē siōng-tho̍k i-ê si. M̄-koh sī-ui khì hō͘ kéng-chhat chho͘-pō tiong-chí. Beatrice kā Mario ê ûi-bu̍t kau hō͘ i. He sī te̍k-pia̍t ūi-tio̍h i lo̍k ê, chit-ê hái-tó ê siaⁿ-im, mā-sī Mario siōng ài ê kò͘-hiong ê siaⁿ-im.\n\nIán-oân Toaⁿ\n------------\n\n* Philippe Noiret - Pablo Neruda\n* Massimo Troisi - Mario Ruoppolo\n* Maria Grazia Cucinotta [en] - Beatrice Russo\n* Renato Scarpa [en] - Telegrapher\n* Linda Moretti [en] - Donna Rosa\n\nSiat-tēng\n---------\n\nSiáu-soat kap 1985 nî ê iáⁿ-hì lóng hoat-seng tī Chile, sī Neruda tī 1970 nî-tāi toà-tī Isla Negra [en] ê chhù ê kò͘-sū. *Il Postino* kā kò͘-sū poaⁿ khì-kàu 1950 nî-tāi ê Italia. Chit-phìⁿ sī tī oá Sicily pak hoāⁿ ê chi̍t-ê hō-chò {{ill|Island Salina Tó] ê hoé-soaⁿ-tek ko͘-tó oân-sêng ê. Tiān-iáⁿ chhut-miâ liáu-āu chō-sêng chi̍t-ê toā pāi-hāi sī tó lāi ê Pollara Beach siū-tio̍h chiâⁿ-choē iû-lâng o͘-pe̍h chō.\n\nIm-ga̍k\n-------\n\n1994 nî, ūi-tio̍h beh sak chit-phìⁿ, Miramax [en] chhut-pán \"phoè-ga̍k *Postino* [en]\". Lāi-té koh hù Luis Enríquez Bacalov [en] só͘ chò ê ga̍k-phó͘, kap chiâⁿ-choē gē-jîn siōng-tho̍k ê Neruda si-chok. Chia-ê gē-jîn pau-hâm Sting [en], Miranda Richardson [en], Wesley Snipes, Ralph Fiennes [en], Ethan Hawke [en], Rufus Sewell [en], Glenn Close [en], Samuel L. Jackson, Andy García [en], Willem Dafoe [en], Madonna, Vincent Perez [en], kap Julia Roberts.\n\nHoán-èng\n--------\n\n### Phêng-lūn hoê-èng\n\nChit-chhut iáⁿ-hì chiâⁿ siū hoan-gêng. Rotten Tomatoes [en] téng-bīn ê 35 phiⁿ phêng-lūn ū 92% lóng-sī o-ló. I mā tī Metacritic [en] ê 13 phiⁿ phêng-lūn tit-tio̍h 81 hun, ta̍t-sêng \"Sè-kài-tek Chàn-siōng\" ê phiau-chù.\n\n### Po-chióng\n\nChit-phìⁿ tit-tio̍h BAFTA [en]. Luis Enríquez Bacalov só͘ chò ê phoè-ga̍k tit-tio̍h Ha̍k-īⁿ Chok-khek Siúⁿ [en]. Lēng-goā mā siū-tio̍h Lâm-chú-kak Siúⁿ [en] (Massimo Troisi), Tō-ián Siúⁿ [en], Iáⁿ-hì Chok-phín Siúⁿ [en] kap Koè-siá Siúⁿ [en].\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Oscar Chióng chu-liāu-khò͘ kì-lio̍k sī *The Postman (Il Postino)* Archived 2014-03-28 at the Wayback Machine.. Lēng-goā mā ū chi̍t-ê iōng *The Postman* chò phiau-tê ê hái-pò têng-hip khǹg tī Bāng-lō͘ Tiān-iáⁿ Chu-liāu-khò͘.\n2. ↑ Iû-lâng pāi-hāi Il Postino hái-kîⁿ\n3. ↑ Il Postino Movie Reviews, Pictures - Rotten Tomatoes (2010 nî Cha̍p-goe̍h 24 kì-lio̍k)\n4. ↑ Il Postino Reviews at Metacritic[*biân-uán bô-hāu liân-kiat*] (2010 nî Cha̍p-goe̍h 24 kì-lio̍k)\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* *Il Postino* teh IMDb\n* *Il Postino* at Rotten Tomatoes\n* *Il Postino: The Postman* at Variety Distribution","meta":{"title":"Il Postino","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1037,5163,0.20085221770288592],"infobox":["
    Il Postino
    \ntóng-àn:Il Postino hái-pò.jpg
    Iáⁿ-hì hái-pò
    Kàm-tok\nMichael Radford
    Chè-chok\nMario Cecchi Gori
    Vittorio Cecchi Gori
    Gaetano Daniele
    Chú-ián\nPhilippe Noiret
    Massimo Troisi
    Maria Grazia Cucinotta
    Phòe-ga̍k\nLuis Enríquez Bacalov
    Chiūⁿ-èng\n1994 nî 9 goe̍h 1 ji̍t ji̍t (1994-09-01) (VFF)
    1994 nî 9 goe̍h 22 ji̍t ji̍t (1994-09-22)
    Phìⁿ-tn̂g\n108 hun-cheng
    Kok-ka\nItalia
    Gí-giân\nItalia-gí
    Se-pan-gâ-gí
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5681}} -{"text":"\n\nKok-kok ê thih-ki-kui\n**Thih-ki-kui** (Hàn-jī: **鐵枝規**; Eng-gí: **track** **gauge**; Ji̍t-gí: **軌間**; Hôa-gí: **軌距**) sī thih-ki-lō͘ nn̄g tiâu thih-ki ê kī-lī. Kok-chè Thih-lō͘ Liân-bêng tī 1937 nî chè-tēng 1,435 mm (4 ft 8½ in) ê **phiau-chún thih-ki-kui**, mā ē-sái kán-chheng **phiau-chún-kui**. Hiān-chhú-sî sè-kài siōng tāi-iok ū 6 siâⁿ ê thih-ki-lô͘ sī phiau-chún thih-ki-kui.\n\nPí **phiau-chún-kui** khah khoah--ê kiò-chò **khoah-kui**. Chú-iàu ê lē ū Chiân So͘-liân Kok-ka, Se-pan-gâ kap Ìn-tō͘.\n\nPí **phiau-chún-kui** khah e̍h--ê kiò-chò **e̍h-kui**. Chú-iàu ê lē ū Ji̍t-pún, Tâi-oân, koh ū Eng-kok, Hoat-kok só͘ thóng-tī kòe ê Hui-chiu kok-ka.\n\nKok-tē ê Thih-ki-kui\n--------------------\n\n### A-chiu\n\n#### Tâi-oân\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Tâi-oân ê thih-lō͘ ūn-su\nTâi-oân tī Chhēng léng sî-tāi ê 1880 nî-tāi beh pho͘ thih-ki-lō͘ ê sî, chhái-iōng Eng-kok kang-têng-su ê kiàn-gī, soán-te̍k 1,067 mm ê thih-ki-kui, che tú-á-hó kap Ji̍t-pún sio-kâng. Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi sui-jiân kā Chheng-tiâu lâu--lo̍h-lâi ê thih-ki-lō͘ kiông-beh thiah-liáu, goân-chāi tī Se-pō͘ Kan-sòaⁿ ū pó-liû 1,067 mm ê thih-ki-kui.\n\nSī-kóng, in-ūi tē-hêng kap ūn-liōng ê hān-chè, tī Hoa-tang-sòaⁿ, koh-ū tn̂g-gia̍p thih-lō͘, lîm-gia̍p thih-lō͘ téng-téng ê sán-gia̍p thih-lō͘ lóng sú-iōng 762 mm ê thih-ki-kui.\n\n#### Ji̍t-pún\n\n#### Tāi-hân Bîn-kok\n\n#### Tiong-kok\n\n#### Hiong-káng","meta":{"title":"Kúi-kī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1237,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1526}} -{"text":"Siáⁿ-mi̍h hō-chòe **Bân-lâm bûn-hòa**? Kin-kù **Ē-mn̂g-chhī Bân-lâm bûn-hòa Hâk-su̍t Gián-kiù-hōe** hù pì-su-tiúⁿ Iûⁿ Hō-chûn (楊浩存) ê kái-soeh, **Bân-lâm bûn-hòa** sī tī Tiong-kok kó·-tāi Chìn Tông sî-kî Tiong-gôan bûn-hòa ê ki-chhó· siōng, thàu-lām Hok-kiàn chāi-tē ê gôan-chū-bîn bûn-hòa, pēng-chhiáⁿ keng-kòe chhian-pah nî ê piàn-hòa kah hoat-tián, chiah bān-bān tēng-hêng--lo̍h-lâi-ê. Kó·-chá sî-chūn, 1-kóa-á hoan-á bûn-hòa óan-á tùi Bân-lâm bûn-hòa sán-seng chin-tōa ê éng-hiáng, pí-lūn-kóng **A-la-pek (Arabic) bûn-hòa**, **Lâm-iûⁿ bûn-hòa**, **se-hong bun-hòa** kah **Ji̍t-pún bûn-hòa**. Bân-lâm bûn-hòa ū chin bêng-hián ê tē-hng sek-chhái, i ê kò-sèng te̍k-sû, lôe-hâm hong-hù. Bân-lâm bûn-hòa ê kin-pún sī Hàn-cho̍k bûn-hòa. \n\nBân-lâm bûn-hòa ū-sî mā hông kiò-chò Bân-Tâi bûn-hòa, tī Tâi-ôan mā kiò-chò Hō-ló bûn-hòa.\n\nLiû-thôan ê hōan-ûi\n-------------------\n\nKúi-nā-pah nî lâi, Bân-lâm-lâng put-tōan ê kòe-hoan î-bîn, Bân-lâm-lâng ê kha-liah piàn-pò· chôan sè-kài. Bân-lâm bûn-hòa chú-iàu liû-thôan tī Hok-kiân lâm-pō·, Tâi-ôan, Tang-lâm-a ê Má-lâi-se-a, Sin-ka-pho, Hui-lu̍t-pin chià-ê kok-ka ê Tn̂g-lâng siā-khu.\n\nBân-lâm Bûn-hòa ê lōe-hâm\n-------------------------\n\n**Ē-mn̂g-chhi Bân-lâm Bûn-hòa Gián-kiù-só·** ê só·-tiúⁿ Tân-keng (陳耕) sian-siⁿ túi Bân-lâm bûn-hòa ê lōe-hâm chò-liáu kái-tho̍k, i kóng, Bân-lâm bûn-hòa ū chheng-gōa-nî ê le̍k-sú, i ê lōe-hâm hui-siông ê hong-hù. Kàu-taⁿ (ha̍k-su̍t-kài) tùi i ê gián-kiu, siāng-chió ài pau-koat: **Bân-lâm bu̍t-chit seng-o̍ah bûn-hòa**, Bân-lâm-gí-giân, Bân-lâm bîn-kan hong-sio̍k, Bân-lâm kháu-thôan bûn-ha̍k (閩南口傳文學), Bân-lâm bîn-kang gē-su̍t, Bân-lâm bîn-kan sìn-gióng, Bân-lâm bîn-kan kang-gē, Bân-lâm bîn-kan i-io̍h, **Bân-lâm ka-cho̍k chè-tō·** kah Bân-lâm-lâng ê **sèng-keh kò-sèng** téng-téng. Khan-sia̍p tio̍h le̍k-sù, gē-su̍t, Bîn-sio̍k, chong-kàu, gí-giân, sim-lí, i-io̍h téng-téng chin-chōe ê ha̍k-kho.\n\nGoā-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\nHok-kián Kiâu-liân","meta":{"title":"Bân-lâm bûn-hòa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1825,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2175}} -{"text":"\n**Bí-kok kok-huē tôo-su-kuán** (ing-gú: Library of Congress (LOC)) sī tsìng-sik uī-tio̍h Bí-kok kok-huē lâi ho̍k-bū ê gián-kiù hîng tôo-su-kuán, iah-sī Bí-kok sū-si̍t siōng ê kok-ka tôo-su-kuán. Kok-huē tôo-su-kuán sîng-li̍p tī 1800-nî, sī Bí-kok li̍k-sú siōng iu-kiú ê liân-pang bûn-huà ki-kòo. Kok-huē tôo-su-kuán khia teh Washington D.C. kok-hue̋ san [en] ê sam-tsō kiàn-tio̍k lāi-té; iah-koh teh Virginia tsiu ê Culpeper siat-iú tsi̍t-ê pó-hōo tiong-sim. Kok-huē tôo-su-kuán ê tsit-lîng sī-iû kok-huē tôo-su-kuán ê kuán-tiúnn lâi kàm-tok; i-ê kiàn-tio̍k sī-iû kok-huē tāi-hā ê kiàn-tio̍k-su uî-hōo. Bí-kok kok-huē tôo-su-kuán sī sè-kài siōng siōng-tuā ê tôo-su-kuán tsi-it. Kok-huē tôo-su-kuán ê \"kuán-tsông sī phóo-phiàn ê, put-siū tsú-tê, keh-sik hi̍k-tsiá kok-kài ê hān-tsè; pau-kuat lâi-tsū sè-kài kok-tē ê 470 guā-tsióng gú-giân ê gián-kiù tsu-liāu\".\n\nKok-huē teh New York tshī hām Philadelphia ê lîm-sî siú-too kí-hîng 11-nî ê huē-gī liáu-āu, tī 1800-nî tshian-tsì Washington, D.C. Teh tsit nn̄g-ê siânn-tshī, Bí-kok kok-huē gī-guân lóng ē-sái sú-iōng \"New York siā-huē tôo-su-kuán\" (New York Society Library) hām \"Philadelphia tôo-su-kuán kong-si\" (Library Company of Philadelphia) ê tāi-liōng tsông-phín. Tī 19 sè-kí ê tāi-pōo-hūn sî-kan lāi-té, it-ti̍t kàu 1890 nî-tāi ê tshoo-kî, sió-hîng tôo-su-kuán lóng siat-teh Bí-kok kok-hue tāi-hā lāi-té.\n\nTāi-pōo-hūn guân-sí tsông-phín tī 1812-nî tsiàn-tsing kî-kan hōo Ing-kok kun-tuī sio-huí. Tôo-su-kuán tī 1815-nî khai-sí hue-ho̍k i-ê tsông-phín. Tôo-su-kuán kòo-bé Thomas Jefferson ê tsuân-pōo kò-jîn tsông-su 6,487-pún. Sui-bóng tī 1851-nî kok-huē tāi-hā ê huē-gī-thiann tsài-tshù huat-sing hué-tsai; m̄-kuh i-ê tsông-phín teh suà--lo̍h-lâi kuí-lo̍h-nî ûn-ûn-á khok-tāi. Tse hué-tsai huí-huāi tāi-liōng ê tsông-phín, pau-kuat Jefferson ê tsiânn-tsē su-tsi̍k. Bí-kok lâm-pak tsiàn-tsing liáu-āu, kok-huē tôo-su-kuán ê tiōng-iàu sìng tuè-tio̍h i-ê huat-tián jî-lâi tsing-ka; pīng-tshiánn huat-khí uî hông sio-huí ê su-tsi̍k kòo-bé thè-tāi hù-pún ê ūn-tōng. Tôo-su-kuán hik-tik sóo-ū pán-kuân tsok-phín ê tsuán-jiōng-kuân; ē-tàng tsûn-hòng nn̄g-hūn teh Bí-kok ìn-suat ê su-tsik, tē-tôo, tshah-tôo kah tôo-piáu. Kok-huē tôo-su-kuán iah-koh khai-sí kiàn-li̍p ka-kī ê siu-tsông. Kok-huē tôo-su-kuán ê huat-tián tī 1888-nî tsì 1894-nî tsi-kan ta̍t-kàu tíng-hong, kiàn-tsō ka-kī to̍k-li̍p ê tuā-hîng tôo-su-kuán; tsit-má kiò-tsò Thomas Jefferson tāi-hā, kah kok-huē kik-ke siong-bōng. Līng-guā nn̄g-tsō sio-uá ê tôo-su-kuán kiàn-tiok, tio̍h-sī kiàn-siat tī 1930 nî-tāi ê John Adams tuā-lâu hām kiàn-siat tī 1970 nî-tāi ê James Madison kì-liām tuā-lâu, ióng-iú khok-kiàn ê pōo-hūn kuán-tsông; pīng-tshiánn uī-tio̍h gia̍h-guā ê tôo-su-kuán ho̍k-bū thê-kiong khong-kan.\n\nTôo-su-kuán ê tsú-iàu jīm-bū sī gián-kiù kok-huē gī-guân thê-tshut ê tsa-sûn, tse-sī thong-kuè kok-huē gián-kiù ho̍k-bū-pōo tsìn-hîng ê. Tôo-su-kuán hiòng kong-tsiòng khai-hòng gián-kiù; m̄-kuh kan-na ko-kip kuann-guân hām tôo-su-kuán ê guân-kang ē-tàng tsioh-ua̍t (tiō sī uì lāi-té kā tôo-su tsioh-tsáu) su-tsik hām tsu-liāu.\n\nLi̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### 1800–1851: khí-guân hām Jefferson ê kòng-hiàn\n\nVirginia tsiu ê James Madison í-lâi tshòng-kiàn kok-huē tôo-su-kuán ê siūnn-huat jī–lâi tù-tshing, James Madison tio̍h tī 1783-nî siu-tshú thê-tshut án-ne ê thê-gī. Kok-huē tôo-su-kuán sîng-li̍p tī 1800-nî 4-gue̍h 24-ji̍t, tong-sî John Adams tsóng-thóng tshiam-sú tsi̍t-hāng kok-huē huat-àn, tsit-ê kok-huē huat-àn iah-koh kui-tīng kā tsìng-hú sóo-tsāi-tē uì Philadelphia tshian-tsì sin siú-too Washington. Pōo-hūn li̍p-huat puah-khuán 5,000 bí-guân, \"iōng teh kòo-bé kok-huē sú-iōng ê tsit-luī su-tsi̍k......í-kip tsng-siu ha̍p-sik ê kong-ú í-lâi tsiap-la̍p tsia–ê su-tsi̍k\". Su-tsi̍k sīu uì London tsù-bûn ê, siu-tsông-phín pau-kuat 740-pún tsheh kah sann-tiunn tē-tôo, tsuân-hòng teh sin-ê Bí-kok kok-huē tāi-hā.\n\nThomas Jefferson tsóng-thóng kiàn-li̍p kok-huē tôo-su-kuán ê kiat-kòo hong-bīn huat-hui tio̍h tiōng-iàu ê tsok-iōng. Tī 1802-nî 1-gue̍h 26-ji̍t, Jefferson tshiam-sú tsi̍t-hāng huat-àn, un-tsún tsóng-thóng jīm-bīng kok-huē tôo-su-kuán kuán-tiúnn, pingthiann sîng-li̍p tsi̍t-ê tôo-su-kuán liân-ha̍p uí-uân-huē lâi kui-huān hām kàm-tok tôo-su-kuán. Sin huat-lu̍t iah-koh kā tsià-ua̍t ti̍k-kuân (borrowing privileges) khok-tāi kàu tsóng-thóng hām hù tsóng-thóng.\n\n1814-nî 8-gue̍h, teh Bladensburg kik-khuì bí-kun liáu-āu, Ing-kok-lâng bô lâu-huè ê tsiàm-niá Washington, D.C.; uī-tio̍h pò-ho̍k bí-kok tshui-huí Dover káng, Ing-kok-lâng hā-līng tshui-huí Washington, D.C. ê tsiòng-to kong-kiōng kiàn-tiok. Ing-kok kun-tuī sio-huí kok-huē tôo-su-kuán, pau-kuat tôo-su-kuán ê tsông-su 3,000 tsheh. Tsia–ê su-kuàn í-king teh kok-huē tāi-hā ê tsham-gī-īnn tshik-pâng kí-hîng. Uī-sòo bô guā-tsē ê liû-tsûn lo̍h-lâi ê kok-huē su-tsi̍k tsi-it sī tsìng-hú 1810-nî ê siu-tsi siàu-pòo. Tsia–ê siu-tsi siàu-pòo hōo Ing-kok hái-kun kun-kuann George Cockburn tsiok-sū tsok-uî kì-liām-phín tsah-tsáu, Cockburn ê ka-jîn tī 1940-nî kā tsia–ê tsheh-phōo hîng-tńg hōo Bí-kok tsìng-hú.\n\nBô-kàu tsit-ko gue̍h, Thomas Jefferson thê-tshut tshut-siû i kan-kí tuā-hîng kò-jîn ê tôo-su-kuán tsok-uî thè-tāi-phín. Kok-huē tī 1815-nî 1-gue̍h tsiap-siu Jefferson ê thê-gī, puah-khuán ê thê-gī, puah-khuán 23,950 bí-guân kòo-bé Jefferson的 6,487-pún tsheh. Ū tsi̍t-kuá-á tsiòng-gī-īnn gī-uân huán-tuì ti̍t-tsiap kòo-bé, pau-kuat New Hampshire tsiu tāi-piáu Daniel Webster. Jefferson siūnn-beh kui-huân \"sóo-ū kū-iú bô-sîn-lūn, huán tsong-kàu kah bô tō-tik khing-hiòng ê su-tsi̍k\".\n\nJefferson khai 50-nî ê sî-kan luí-tsik guā-tsiòng gú-giân ê su-tsi̍k, khan-kha̍p tiat-ha̍k, li̍k-sú, huat-lu̍t, tsong-kàu, kiàn-tiok, lí-iû, tsū-jiân kho-ha̍k, sòo-ha̍k, kóo-tián ê Elláda kah Ruma gián-kiú, hiān-tāi bûn-bîng, jia̍t khì-kiû tíng-tíng ê tsú-tê, im-ga̍k, tshàng-tsuí-thîng, huà-tsio̍h, lông-gia̍p khan khì-siōng-ha̍k. Jefferson iah-koh siu-tsi̍p thong-siông hông khuànn-tsò li̍p-huat tôo-su-kuán ê tsi̍t-pòo-hūn tsú-tê ê su-tsi̍k; pí-jū si̍t-phóo. M̄-kuh, Jefferson siong-sìn sóo-ū ê tsú-tê lóng teh kok-huē tôo-su-kuán tang-tiong tsiàm-iú ì-sik tsi tē. Jefferson kóng:\n\n> Guá m̄ tsāi-á i pau-kuat kok-huē hi-bōng uì siu-tsông tang-tiong pâi-tû ê jīm-hô ê kho-ha̍k hun-tsi; sū-si̍t-siōng, kok-huē gī-uân khó-lîng bô ki-huē thê-ki̍p jīm-hô tsú-tê.\n> \n> \n\nJefferson siu-tsông ê to̍k-ti̍k tsi-tshù teh i sī ha̍k-tsiá ê khang-khuè siu-tsông; jîn m̄-sī sin-sū iōng-teh tián-sī ê siu-tsông. Tuè–tio̍h Jefferson ê tsông-phń ê siu–ji̍p, sú guân-lâi tôo-su-kuán ê kui-bôo khok-tāi tsi̍t-puē, kok-huē tôo-su-kuán uì tsuan-ka tôo-su-kuán tsuán-piàn uì koh-khah thong-iōng ê tôo-su-kuán. Jefferson siōng thâu-tsîng ê siu-tsông hōo tsoo-tsit tsiânn-tsò tsi̍t-ê khai-tî Francis Bacon tì-sik tsoo-tsit ê kè-uē. Kū-thé lâi-kóng, Jefferson kā i-ê tsheh hun-tsò kì-ik, thui-lí kah sióng-siōng-li̍k; lî-tshiánn kā in hun-tsò 44-ê sè-hun. It-ti̍t kàu 19 sè-kí bua̍t-kî, tôo-su-kuán it-ti̍t tsun-sûn Jefferson ê tsoo-tsit hong-àn, tong-sî tôo-su-kuán kuan-uân Herbert Putnam khai-sí gián-kiú koh-khah lîng-ua̍h ê kok-huē tôo-su-kuán hun-luī kiat-kòo. Tsit-má, tse lóng sik-iōng teh tshiau-kuè 1.38 ik kiānn bu̍t-phín.\n\nTsù-kiok\n--------\n\n1. ↑ The collection includes: 25 million catalogued books, 15.5 million other print items, 4.2 million recordings, 74.5 million manuscripts, 5.6 million maps, and 8.2 million sheet music pieces.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Year 2020 at a Glance\". Library of Congress. 2020. goân-loē-iông tī February 23, 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. November 5, 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. 1 2 \"2021 Annual Report of the Librarian of Congress\" (PDF). Library of Congress. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī February 3, 2023 hőng khó͘-pih. December 2, 2022 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. 1 2 \"Library of Congress\". *Encyclopedia Britannica*. goân-loē-iông tī April 5, 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. September 3, 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. 1 2 \"Fascinating Facts\". Library of Congress. goân-loē-iông tī April 5, 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. April 25, 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"General Information\". Library of Congress. goân-loē-iông tī February 23, 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. January 28, 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ \"Fascinating Facts – Statistics\". *The Library of Congress*. goân-loē-iông tī April 5, 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. February 16, 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.\n7. ↑ \"History of the Library of Congress\". *Library of Congress*. goân-loē-iông tī October 6, 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. October 20, 2020 khòaⁿ--ê.\n8. ↑ \"FY 2019–2023 Strategic Plan of the Library of Congress\". *Library of Congress*. Library of Congress. October 20, 2020 khòaⁿ--ê.\n9. 1 2 Murray, Stuart. The Library: An Illustrated History (New York, Skyhouse Publishing, 2012): 155.\n10. ↑ 2 Stat. 55\n11. 1 2 3 \"Jefferson's Legacy: A Brief History of the Library of Congress\". Library of Congress. March 6, 2006. goân-loē-iông tī March 12, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. January 14, 2008 khòaⁿ--ê.\n12. ↑ 2 Stat. 128\n13. 1 2 Murray, Stuart P. (2009). *The library: an illustrated history*. New York, NY: Skyhorse Pub. pp. 158. ISBN 9781602397064.\n14. ↑ Greenpan, Jesse (August 22, 2014). \"The British Burn Washington, D.C. 200 Years Ago\". *History.com*. goân-loē-iông tī January 8, 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. January 8, 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.\n15. ↑ Murray, Stuart (2009). *The Library An Illustrated History*. Chicago, Illinois: Skyhorse Publishing. p. 159.\n16. ↑ Murray, Stuart (2009). *The library : an illustrated history*. New York, NY: Skyhorse Pub. ISBN 978-1-60239-706-4.\n17. ↑ \"Thomas Jefferson's personal library, at LibraryThing, based on scholarship\". LibraryThing. goân-loē-iông tī April 7, 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. November 4, 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.\n18. ↑ LibraryThing profile page for Thomas Jefferson's library Archived September 3, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. summarizing contents and indicating sources\n19. ↑ \"Jefferson's Library\". *Library of Congress*. April 24, 2000. goân-loē-iông tī March 22, 2015 hőng khó͘-pih. October 24, 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.\n20. 1 2 Murray, Stuart P. (2009). *The library : an illustrated history*. Chicago: Skyhorse Pub. pp. 162. ISBN 9781602397064.\n21. ↑ Murray, Stuart A.P. *The Library: An Illustrated History*. Skyhorse Publishing, 2012. 9781616084530, pp. 161\n22. ↑ Murray, Stuart (2009). *The Library: An Illustrated History*. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-60239-706-4.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* Mearns, David Chambers. *The Story Up to Now: The Library Of Congress, 1800–1946* (1947), detailed narrative\n* Cole, John Y. and Henry Hope Reed. *The Library of Congress: The Art and Architecture of the Thomas Jefferson Building* (1998) excerpt and text search\n* Small, Herbert, and Henry Hope Reed. *The Library of Congress: Its Architecture and Decoration* (1983)\n\nÊn-sin ua̍t-to̍k\n----------------\n\n* Aikin, Jane (2010). \"Histories of the Library of Congress\". *Libraries & the Cultural Record*. **45** (1): 5–24. doi:10.1353/lac.0.0113.\n* Anderson, Gillian B. (1989), \"Putting the Experience of the World at the Nation's Command: Music at the Library of Congress, 1800-1917\", *Journal of the American Musicological Society*, **42** (1): 108–49, doi:10.2307/831419, JSTOR 831419\n* Bisbort, Alan, and Linda Barrett Osborne. *The Nation's Library: The Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.* (Library of Congress, 2000)\n* Cole, John Young. *Jefferson's legacy: a brief history of the Library of Congress* (Library of Congress, 1993)\n* Cole, John Young. \"The library of congress becomes a world library, 1815–2005.\" *Libraries & culture* (2005) 40#3: 385–398. in Project MUSE\n* Cope, R. L. \"Management Review of the Library of Congress: The 1996 Booz Allen & Hamilton Report,\" *Australian Academic & Research Libraries* (1997) 28#1 online\n* Ostrowski, Carl. *Books, Maps, and Politics: A Cultural History of the Library of Congress, 1783–1861* (2004) online\n* Rosenberg, Jane Aiken. *The Nation's Great Library: Herbert Putnam and the Library of Congress, 1899–1939* (University of Illinois Press, 1993)\n* Shevlin, Eleanor F.; Lindquist, Eric N. (2010). \"The Center for the Book and the History of the Book\". *Libraries & the Cultural Record*. **45** (1): 56–69. doi:10.1353/lac.0.0112.\n* Tabb, Winston; et al. (2003). \"Library of Congress\". *Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science*. **3**: 1593–1612.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Documents Expediting Project\n* Federal Research Division\n* Feleky Collection\n* Law Library of Congress\n* Library of Congress Classification\n* Library of Congress Country Studies\n* Library of Congress Living Legend\n* Library of Congress Subject Headings\n* Minerva Initiative\n* National Digital Library Program (NDLP)\n* National Film Registry\n* National Recording Registry\n* National Archives and Records Administration\n* United States Senate Library\n* Architecture of Washington, D.C.\n* Encyclopedia Americana\n* United States Statutes at Large\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Library of Congress*** |\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Scholia has a *topic* profile for ***Bí-kok kok-hōe tô͘-su-koán***. |\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource has the text of a 1905 *New International Encyclopedia* article about \"**Library of Congress**\". |\n\n* The Library of Congress website\n* Library of Congress channel on YouTube\n* Search the Library of Congress catalog\n* Congress.gov, legislative information\n* Library Of Congress Meeting Notices and Rule Changes from The Federal Register RSS Feed\n* Library of Congress photos on Flickr\n* Outdoor sculpture at the Library of Congress\n* of Congress tī Project Gutenberg ê chok-phín\n* Bí-kok kok-hōe tô͘-su-koán tī Internet Archive ê chok-phín\n* Library of Congress at FamilySearch Research Wiki for genealogists\n* \"Congress, Library of\". *Encyclopedia Americana*. 1920.\n* C-SPAN's Library of Congress documentary and resources Archived April 12, 2021, at the Wayback Machine.\n* The Library of Congress National Library Service (NLS)\n* Video: \"Library of Congress in 1968 – Computer Automation\"\n* Library of Congress Web Archives – search by URL\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 151962300\n* LCCN: n78089035\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2186 288X\n* GND: 35626-8\n* SELIBR: 278328\n* SUDOC: 026459450\n* BNF: cb11870393s (data)\n* BIBSYS: 90053333\n* ULAN: 500312782\n* NLA: 35304669\n* NDL: 00276285\n* NKC: ko2003162209\n* BNE: XX97980\n* CiNii: DA00238760\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Bí-kok kok-hōe tô͘-su-koán","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[6159,13236,0.4653218495013599],"infobox":["
    Bí-kok kok-huē tôo-su-kuán
    \n
    \n
    Tsú-iàu ua̍t-to̍k-sik luē-pōo
    Established\n1800 4-gue̍h 24
    Location\nWashington, D.C.
    Coordinates\n38°53′19″N 77°0′17″W / 38.88861°N 77.00472°W / 38.88861; -77.00472
    Collection
    Size\n173 pah-bān hāng-bo̍k
    Access and use
    Circulation\nKan-na hān-tsè luē-pōo sú-iōng
    Population served\nBí-kok kong-huē hām kok-ka
    Other information
    Budget\n$802.128 pah-bān
    Director\nCarla Hayden [en]
    Staff\n3,105
    Website\nloc.gov \"Edit
    Map
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":15264}} -{"text":"Boston Massachusetts tsiu u̍t-su kong-hōe [en] guā-kháu ê tsiau-pâi.\n**Bí-kok ê tsiu lu̍t-su kong-huē [en]** (ing-gú: state bar association) uî bí-kok koh tsiu ê lu̍t-su kong-huē [en], tāi-piáu hi̍k-tsiá siâm-kiû tāi-piáu teh Bí-kok kok tsiu tsip-gia̍p ê lu̍t-su tsi kuân-ik. Kong-huē ê tsip-lîng ê tuè–tio̍h kok tsiu jî bô-kâng; m̄-kuh thong-siông pau-kuat tsiu lu̍t-su khó-tshì ê kuán-lí, lu̍t-su ê huat-ha̍k tshî-siok kàu-io̍k (CLE) kui-tīng kah kî-thann ê iau-kiû; í-kip ù-tsù tuì tō-tik hi̍k-tsiá kî-thann uî-huat hîng-uî ê kì-lu̍t kuán-lí. Tsiu lu̍t-su kong-huē thong-siông ê uī-tio̍h huē-guân thê-kiong ho̍k-bū; pí-jū uī-hóo tsiu-lāi ê lu̍t-su bo̍k-lio̍k ho̍k-bū, tshiok-tsìn lu̍t-su ê siā-kau ua̍h-tāng, tshut-pán lu̍t-su kong-huē kî-khan; í-kip thê-kiong buán-tsiok tsia–ê \"huat-ha̍k tshî-siok kàu-io̍k (CLE) ha̍k-hun iau-kiû ê khò-tîng.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* \"MCLE Credit Requirements by State\". Huat-lu̍t si̍t-tsiān gián-kiú hia̍p-huē [en]. goân-loē-iông tī 2018-08-26 hőng khó͘-pih. 2012-09-08 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n* \"About KLU (Kentucky Law Update)\". Kentucky Bar Association. 2008-11-01 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Hoat-ha̍k chhî-siok kàu-io̍k (Continuing legal education/CLE/Huat-ha̍k tshî-siok kàu-io̍k)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Directory of State and Local Bar Associations, American Bar Association (Eng-gí)\n* Avvo.com - LegalArchived 2021-05-01 at the Wayback Machine. (Eng-gí)\n\ntemplate:State bar associations navbox [en]","meta":{"title":"Bí-kok ê chiu lu̍t-su kong-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[461,1375,0.3352727272727273],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1621}} -{"text":"Bān Chin-chu (siāng chiàⁿ-pêng) kap Tâi-lâm Lú-ha̍k ê ha̍k-seng.\n**Bān Chin-chu** (萬真珠, 1862 nî 12 goe̍h 16 ji̍t – 1933 nî 3 goe̍h 8 ji̍t), goân-miâ **Margaret Barnett**, mā siū chun-chheng **Bān Ko͘-niû** (萬姑娘), sī So͘-kat-lân chhut-sin ê Ki-tok-kàu soan-tō-su, i ùi 1888 nî ê sî kòe Tâi-oân, tī Tâi-lâm-hú-siâⁿ chhōa lú-ha̍k. I bat tī 1920 nî tńg Eng-kok chi̍t chām, keh-nî koh tó-tńg Tâi-oân. I āu--lâi tòa tī Sin-lâu Pēⁿ-īⁿ hū-kīn, it-ti̍t kàu 1933 nî kòe-sin.\n\nLâi-le̍k\n--------\n\nBān Chin-chu 1862 nî 12 goe̍h 16 ji̍t tī So͘-kat-lân ê pak-pō͘ chhut-sì, sè-hàn tiō tòe pē-bú sóa khì Aberdeen. Chhù-lāi Bān--sī kap hiaⁿ-ko, sió-tī kiam sió-mōe lóng-chóng sì-ê gín-á. Bān--sī ùi Aberdeen tha̍k sió-ha̍k-hāu chut-gia̍p, tè-bé koh kòe Lûn-tun ji̍p Ko-téng ha̍k-hāu kap Sîn-ha̍k.\n\n1888 nî, i tòe Eng-kok ê Lú Soan-tō-hōe chì-goān kòe Tâi-oân. Kâng nî ê 11 goe̍h, tùi An-pêng káng chiūⁿ-lio̍k, 12 goe̍h 8 ji̍t khì kàu Tâi-lâm-hú-siâⁿ. Chha-put-to chit chūn, i-ê a-hiaⁿ kap sió-tī lóng tio̍h tn̂g-chek-hu-su kòe-sin.\n\nBān--sī o̍h liáu Tâi-oân chāi-tē ê gí-giân liáu-āu, chiū kap chá-chêng lâi kàu Tâi-lâm chhòng-siat lú-ha̍k-hāu ê Chu Iok-an kiau Bûn An chò-hóe kà Lú-o̍h, jî-chhiá lûn-liû sûn kàu-hōe, kà hū-lú, kiam tī Sin-lâu Pēⁿ-īⁿ ùi-būn pēⁿ-lâng. Bān Ko͘-niû koh pat tī 1893 nî siá-phoe hiòng soan-kàu-su-hōe chhéng-kiû khok-tián lú-ha̍k-hāu, chú-iàu beh sī siu nî-hòe khah tōa bē-tàng ji̍p lú-ha̍k ê cha-bó͘-lâng, hùn-liān in chò kàu-hōe khang-khòe. In ùi 1895 nî ê sî sin-siat Hū-o̍h, ia̍h chiū sī Hū-lú Sèng-keng Ha̍k-hāu, Chu, Bûn, Bān saⁿ-ê lâng chiū lûn-liû chò Lú-o̍h, Hū-o̍h, kap chháu-tē chí-mōe ê kà-ha̍k.\n\n1910 nî ê sî, Chu--sī kap Bûn--sī kòe Chiang-hòa hū-chek khang-khòe; Bān Ko͘-niû chit chūn tio̍h choan-kang kà Hū-o̍h, chhōa lâng sìn Ia-so͘. 1913 nî 12 goe̍h ê sî Tâi-lâm ê soan-tō-su-hōe thè Bān--sī kí-pān kòe Tâi-oân 25 tang ê khèng-chhio̍k-hōe. I lóng-chóng pat hôe-kok 5 pái, phì-jū tī 1920 nî ê sî ū tńg chi̍t kái Eng-kok, kàu 1921 nî chia̍h koh kòe Tâi-oân, lái-āu, in-ūi pē-bú lóng í-keng kòe-sin, i chiū m̄-bat koh tńg--khì. Bô lōa kú, in sió-mōe mā kòe-óng, chit-chūn khai-sí Bān--sī ê sin-thé tio̍h chiām-chiām lám--khì.\n\nKàu 1926 nî, Bān--sī tùi So͘-kat-lân ê Lú Soan-tō-hōe sî-jīm, khiā ùi Tâi-oân ê Sin-lâu Pēⁿ-īⁿ khàn-hō͘-hū tòa ê só͘-chāi, lī-piān i-seng chiàu-kò͘. I sin-thé khah khòaⁿ-oa̍h ê sî-chūn mā ke-kiám chò tāi-chì, chhan-chhiūⁿ kà lâng Lô-má-jī, ia̍h sī siá phoe he̍k-chiá sī kià chheh hō͘ lâng. Té-bé i koh ka-tī ùi Sin-lâu Chheh-pâng āu-bīn khí chhù.\n\n1933 nî ê 3 goe̍h 6 hō ē-po͘, Bān Ko͘-niû khí kan-khó͘, kàu 8 hō àm-sî 8 tiám 15 hun kòe-sin. Chòng-sek ùi 3 goe̍h 11 ji̍t tī Tâi-lâm Thài-pêng-kéng Lé-pài-tn̂g kí-hêng; ū Ko Kim-seng, Lîm Iàn-sîn téng bo̍k-su hoat-piáu tiàu-sû. Kî-tiong Lîm Iàn-sîn ê Hàn-bûn tiàu-sû pat khan ùi 7 goe̍h ê *Tâi-lâm Sîn-ha̍k-hāu Hāu-iú Cha̍p-chì*. Lîm Bō͘-seng ia̍h tī *Kàu-hōe Kong-pò* hoat-piáu ê bûn-chiong *Siàu-liām Kòe-khì ê lâng* kì-liām Bān--sî, kóng tio̍h Bān Ko͘-niû pat siá phoe hō͘ i, koan-sim tī Tai-pak ê chheng-liân.\n\nChok-phín\n---------\n\n* *Bú-tī Sian-seⁿ*\n* *Hóe-chhia ê Khí-in*\n* *Lūn Iû-thài lâng*\n* *Sit-lo̍h ê Sèng-chheh*\n* *Lōng-tōng Chú* (浪蕩子)\n* *Liû-thoân ê Kó͘-sū*\n* *Lú-kài Bêng-jîn* (女界名人)\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Chu Iok-an (Joan Stuart), tī Bān--sī chìn-chêng kòe Tâi-oân--ê.\n* Bûn An (Annie E. Butler), sio-siâng thâu-chêng; koh bat kap Bān Chin-chu chò-hóe chhōe chi̍t kóa jîn-bu̍t chu-liāu, pian-e̍k chò chi̍t pún *Lú-kài Bêng-jîn*, 1923 nî chhut-pán.\n* Lô͘ Jîn-ài, 1903 nî kòe Tâi-lâm.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 \"萬真珠姑娘（1859-1933）\". *賴永祥長老史料庫*.\n2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lô͘ Jîn-ài (1933 nî 5 goe̍h). \"Kò͘ Bān Chin-chu Ko͘-niûⁿ ê Lâi-le̍k\". *Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe Kong-pò*. **578**.\n3. ↑ \"Kò͘ Bān Chin-chu Ko͘-niû ê Chòng-sek\". *Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe Kong-pò*. **576**. 1933 nî 3 goe̍h.\n4. ↑ \"弔萬真珠姑娘 （林燕臣）\". *賴永祥長老史料庫*. 2016-08-13 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ 張妙娟 (2004 nî 6 goe̍h). \"《台灣教會公報》──林茂生作品介紹\". *臺灣風物*. **54** (2).\n6. ↑ Lîm Bō͘-seng (1933 nî 4 goe̍h). \"Siàu-liām Kòe-khì ê lâng\". *Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe Kong-pò*. **577**.\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n* 2010 nî ê bōng-tē siòng-phìⁿ[*biân-uán bô-hāu liân-kiat*] (blog)","meta":{"title":"Bān Chin-chu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[938,3920,0.2392857142857143],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4726}} -{"text":"HMS Cornwallis (1813)\n**HMS Cornwallis** (HMS Cornwallis (1813)) sī tsi̍t-tsiah phuè-pī 74-mn̂g hué-phàu ê hông-ka hái-kun sann-liû kàm-thíng, tī 1813-nî 5-gue̍h 12ji̍t teh Bombay hā-tsuí.[1] Cornwallis-hō sī-iōng iū-bo̍k (柚木) kiàn-tsō ê. USS Constitution-hō tuì Java ê tsiàm-líng thui-tî Cornwallis-hō ê uân-kang, in-uī Java it-ti̍t uì Ing-kok tsah lâi Cornwallis ê tâng hōo-thò.\n\nCornwallis tī1814-nî 5-gue̍h 31-ji̍t sái-kàu Kent kūn ê Deal, hōo-sàng sòo-miâ Tang Ìn-tōo siong-tsûn (pau-kuat Baring-hō Charles Mills hō kap Fairlie-hō) hām nn̄g-tsiah póo-king tsûn (pau-kuat Indispensable-hō).\n\n1815-nî 4-gue̍h 27-ji̍t àm, Cornwallis-hō kah Bí-kok tan-uî (單桅) phâng-tsûn Hornet-hō (1805) kau-tsiàn, āu-tsiá Hornet-hō ngōo-jīn Cornwallis-hō sī tsi̍t-tsiah siong-tsûn. Iû-î hué-li̍k giâm-tiōng put-tsiok, Hornet-hō hông hông pī-pik thiat-thè. Hornet-hō ê tsûn-guân uī-tio̍h làng-káng suà-lâi kā tsûn-tsiah, hué-tshìng kap kî-thann siat-pī tàn-loh hái-té.\n\nTiong-kok teh tē-1 pái A-phiàn tsiàn-tsing tang-tiong sit-pāi liáu-āu, Ing-kok kah Tshong-kok ê tāi-piáu teh Lâm-kiann ê Cornwallis-hō tíng-kuân tâm-phuànn hô-pîng tiâu-iok. Tī 1842-nî 8gue̍h 29-ji̍t, Ing-kok tāi-piáu Henry Pottinger tsiok-sū kah Tshing-kok tāi-piáu Kiing (耆英), Ilibu (伊里布), Gû Kàm (牛鑑) teh Cornwallis-hō tsûn-tíng tshiam-sú Lâm-kiann tiâu-iok (南京條約).\n\n1855-hō, Cornwallis-hō phuè-pī kńg-lê thui-tsìn tsong-tì, hué-phàu sòo-liōng kiám-tsió kàu 60 mn̂g; pīng-tshiánn tsham-ka Crimean tsiàn-tsing, iû bī-lâi ê hái-kun siōng-tsiòng, tē-1 hái-bū tāi-sîn, Wellington kong-tsiok ê ti̍t-á George Wellesley lâi tsí-hui.\n\n1865-nî, Cornwallis-hō teh Sheerness hông kái-kiàn tsò bé-thâu. Tī 1916-nî, Cornwallis-hō king-bîng tsò HMS Wildfire; pīng-tshiánn iōng-tsò ki-tē tsûn. Cornwallis-hō tsue-tsiong tī 1957-nî teh Sheerness kái-thé, kī i hā-tsuí tāi-iok 144-nî.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Parkinson (1954), p. 421.\n2. ↑ \"Ship News\" *The Times* (London, England), June 2, 1814; pg. 2; Issue 9236.\n3. ↑ James (1837), Vol.6, p.387.\n4. 1 2 Lavery, Ships of the Line vol. 1, p. 189.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006). *Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy* (Rev. pán.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.\n* James, William (1837). *The Naval History of Great Britain, from the Declaration of War by France in 1793, to the Accession of George IV*. R. Bentley.\n* Lavery, Brian (2003). *The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850*. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-851-77252-8.\n* Parkinson, C. Northcote (1954). *War in the Eastern Seas, 1793-1815*. London: George Allen & Unwin. p. 421.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* First Opium War\n* HMS Nymphe (1888)\n* USS Hornet (1805)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***HMS Cornwallis (1813)*** |","meta":{"title":"HMS Cornwallis (1813)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[756,2581,0.29290972491282447],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3108}} -{"text":"**Khu It-hoân** (邱一帆, Sì-koān-khiuⁿ Tâi-oân Kheh-pheng (客拼): Hiuˊ Idˋ Famˇ, 1971 nî-), Tâi-oân lâm-sèng Kheh-ka si-jîn, Tī Miâu-le̍k-koān Lâm-chng-hiong (南庄-) chhut-sì, Sin-tek Su-choan (師專) pī-gia̍p, Sin-tek Kàu-io̍k Tāi-ha̍k Tâi-gí-só͘ Kheh-gí-chho sek-sū, hiān-jīm Miâu-li̍p Lâm-chng Kok-sió kàu-sū kiam chú-jīm, Kok-li̍p Tiong-iong Tāi-ha̍k Kheh-ka Gí-bûn Ū (與, kap) Sia-hoē Ko-ha̍k Ha̍k-hē Phok-sū-seng. Chhòng-chok bûn-thé í si (詩) ûi-chú, kut-la̍t siá Kheh-oē Hiān-tāi-si. I tī Kheh-oē si-chi̍p *Iû-tâng-hoe Ē--ê (下个) Su-liām* (Sì-koān-khiuⁿ Kheh-pheng: *Iuˇ Tungˇ Faˊ Haˊ Ge Siiˊ Ngiam*)--ê chū-sū (自序) kóng: \"Chiâⁿ-choè Kheh-lâng, beh lâi siá kán-tōng jîn-sim--ê Kheh-ka-si\".\n\nTit-chióng\n----------\n\nKheh-oē-sī bat ji̍p-soán: Miâu-le̍k-koān Bāng-hoe (夢花) Bûn-ha̍k-chióng, Lí Kang-khioh (李江卻) Tâi-gí-bûn Chhòng-chok-chióng, *Tâi-oân Kheh-gí Lóng-tho̍k (朗讀) Bûn-chuⁿ Soán-chi̍p* (Kàu-io̍k-pō͘), *Thiⁿ.Kng - 228 Tâi-oân Pún-thó͘ Bó-gú Bûn-ha̍k-soán* (Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Bûn-ha̍k-koán), *2012 Si-kiâⁿ (詩行) - Tâi-oân Si-jîn Tāi-hoē Choan-chi̍p*, *101 Nî Kheh-ka-gí Lóng-tho̍k Pí-sài Bûn-chiūⁿ*, *Tàu-tīn Siá Lán Ê Thó͘-tē -- Sàn-bûn-chi̍p (散文-)*, Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ Bân-Kheh-gí (閩客-) Bûn-ha̍k-chióng. Bat khó *Pài-iâ* (拜爺, ì-sù: pài-pài) tio̍h 1998 nî Kheh-Tâi-gí té-phiⁿ sió-soat pí-sài tē 3 miâ, chok-phín *Sioh: Seng-oa̍h 3 Thiap* (惜：生活三帖) tit Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ \"97 Nî Ēng Lán Ê Bó-gí Siá Lán Ê Bûn-ha̍k Chhòng-chok-chióng\" (Kheh-pheng: *Iung Enˊ Deu Ge Muˊ Ngiˊ Siaˋ Enˊ Deu Ge Bunˇ Hog Congˋ Zogˋ Jiongˋ*) Kheh-ka-gí sán-bûn lūi kàu-su-cho͘ tē 2 miâ. Eng *Hoé-iām-thâng--ê Kùi-chiat* (火焰蟲个-, Hóe-kim-ko͘--ê Kùi-chiat) tit 2008 nî Kheh-ka-gí sán-bûn lūi kàu-su-cho͘ tē 1 miâ. 2009 nî the̍h Pak-bí Kheh-ka Tâi-oân Gí-giân Bûn-hoà Ki-kim-hoē kap Choân-bí (-美) Tâi-oân Kheh-ka Bûn-hoà Ki-kim-hoē--ê \"Kheh-ka Tâi-oân Bûn-hoà-chióng\".\n\nTù-chok (著作)\n------------\n\n* Si-chi̍p, jû:\n\t+ *Ū-iáⁿ*\n\t+ *Chhân-lê*\n\t+ *Iû-tâng-hoe Ē--ê Su-liām*\n\t+ *Soa-tō͘--ê àm-iā* (山肚个-, Soa-lāi--ê Àm-mî)\n* *Chok-kûn, Gú-giân, Bûn-ha̍k -- Kheh-gí Si-koa Bûn-ha̍k Lūn-chi̍p*\n* *Si-jîn, Gú-giân, Si-koa -- Kheh-che̍k (客籍) Chok-ka Ngô͘ Cho̍k-liû (吳濁流)--ê Si-koa Piáu-hiān Lūn-chi̍p (論集)*\n\nGoā-kháu liân-kiat\n------------------\n\n* 客籍詩人邱一帆新作行銷山城風情- 台灣客家電子報- PChome (Koaⁿ-oē)\n* 台灣文學藝術獨立聯盟 邱一帆的頁面 Archived 2014-05-13 at the Wayback Machine.(Koaⁿ-oē)(Kheh-oē)\n* Facebook - 邱一帆(Koaⁿ-oē)(Kheh-oē)","meta":{"title":"Khu It-hoân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[462,2286,0.2020997375328084],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2686}} -{"text":"\n\n**Liû-khiû-kok** (琉球國, Okinawa-gí: ルーチュークク) sī Tang-a khá-chá ê ji̍t ê kok-ka, tī kin-á-ji̍t ê Liû-khiû Kûn-tó.\n\nLiû-khiû tī Tâi-oân kap Ji̍t-pún chi-kan, kó͘-chá hiòng Tiong-kok tiâu-kòng. 1609 nî, Ji̍t-pún ê Satsuma Hoan chhim-lio̍k Liû-khiû, kiông-pek Liû-khiû mā hiòng i tiâu-kòng. 1879-nî, Liû-khiû hō͘ Ji̍t-pún bia̍t-bông, kái miâ kiò chò Okinawa-koān. M̄-koh kin-á-ji̍t chiâⁿ chē Tâi-oân lâng iáu kiò Okinawa chò Liû-khiû.\n\nLiû-khiû kap Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn ê Hok-chiu koan-hē chiânn chhim, kin-á-ji̍t Hok-chiu-chhī ê Tâi-kang-khu iáu ū Liû-khiû-koán (Jiû-oán-ia̍h), kó͘-chá sī iōng-lâi toà Liû-khiû-lâng ê.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nKun-kù Liû-khiû koaⁿ-hong siá ê le̍k-sú-chheh *Tiong-san Sè-kàm*, *Tiong-san Sè-phó͘* kap *Kiû-iông Kì-sū* ê kóng-hoat, Liû-khiû Kûn-tó sī iû lú-sîn Amamikyu chhòng-chō ê. Āu-boé Amamikyu ê toā kiáⁿ chiâⁿ-chò Liû-khiû siōng-chá ê kok-ông, kiò chò Thian-sun--sī. Thian-sun--sī thoân 15 kok-ông, hō͘ lâng chhoàn-ūi, choân-kok toā loān. 1187-nî, iû Urasoe ê Aji Shunten thóng-it Liû-khiû.\n\nShunten ông-tiâu thoân kàu tē-3 tāi, niō-ūi hō͘ sêng-siòng Eiso. Eiso ông-tiâu thoân kàu tē-4 kok-ông Tamagushiku ê sî-chūn, Liû-khiû pun siâⁿ Tiong-san, Lâm-san kap Pak-san 3-ê kok-ka, Tamagushiku to̍k-to̍k thóng-tī siōng kiông-tāi ê Tiong-san. 1349-nî, Tiong-san ông Seii sí--liáu í-āu, Urasoe ê Aji Satto chiōⁿ-tâi. 1372-nî, phài lâng khì Bêng-tiâu tiâu-kòng, 1392-nî, Bêng Thài-chó͘ phài Bân-jîn Sam-si̍p-lio̍k-sèng khì Liû-khiû toà, pang-chān hit-tah ê hoat-tián. Chit koá lâng to toà Kiú-bí-chhun hia, tùi Liû-khiû ê goā-kau kòng-hiàn chin toā.\n\n1406-nî, Tiong-san kok-ông Bunei hō͘ Lâm-san ê chi̍t ê chiong-kun Siōng Pa-chì koáⁿ hā-tâi, Siōng Pa-chì jiōng i a-pa Siōng Su-siāu choè kok-ông, kiàn-li̍p Tē-it Siōng--sī ông-tiâu. Siōng Pa-chì tī 1429-nî bia̍t-bông kî-thaⁿ 2-ê kok-ka, thóng-it Liû-khiû.\n\n15 kàu 16 sè-kí sī Liû-khiû ê n̂g-kim sî-kî, hit sî-hāu ê Liû-khiû chin pù, kap Tiong-kok, Tiâu-sián, Thài-kok téng téng kok-ka lóng ū chò-seng-lí. 1469-nî, kok-ông Siōng Tek hō͘ tāi-sîn Siōng Oân chhoàn-ūi. Che Siōng Oân kiàn-li̍p Tē-jī Siōng--sī ông-tiâu. Liû-khiû tī Siōng Oân ê kiáⁿ Siōng Chin chhiú leh choè kiông-tāi, phah ē Yaeyama kap Miyako. I ê kiáⁿ Siōng Chheng chāi-ūi ê sî-hāu, iū phah ē Amami kûn-tó, chit sî-hāu ê kok-thó͘ bīn-chek choè toā. Ji̍t-pún hoat-tōng chhim-lio̍h Tiâu-sián ê Jîm-sîn E Loān ê sî-hāu, Liû-khiû tiau-tî pang-chān Bêng-tiâu kap Tiâu-sián. 1609-nî, Ji̍t-pún pò-ho̍k Liû-khiû, phài pō͘-tūi khì phah, chiong kok-ông Siōng Lêng lia̍h khì, che tāi-chì tō sī Kí-iú E Loān. 2-nî í-āu in-ūi kiaⁿ Bêng-tiâu, chiong Siōng Lêng pàng tńg chhù. Tān-sī Ji̍t-pún chiong Liû-khiû ê Amami kûn-tó toa̍t khì, iū phài peng-á kàm-sī i ê loē-chèng, hit-sî í-āu Liû-khiû si̍t-chè í-keng pìⁿ chiâⁿ Ji̍t-pún ê hū-iûⁿ kok-ka liáu.\n\n1871-nî, Liû-khiû ê chûn in-ūi hong-thai phiau kàu Tâi-oân, chē tī chûn lāi-bīn ê lâng hō͘ Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn thâi--sí. Ji̍t-pún chioh chia tāi-chì phah Tâi-oân, pek Chheng-kok sêng-jīn che sī „pó bîn gī-kú\" (保民義舉). Tē-2 nî chiū ēng che lâi kóng Chheng-kok sêng-jīn „Liû-khiû sī Ji̍t-pún ê\", tan-hong-bīn chiong Liû-khiû kàng choè ka-kī ê chi̍t ê hoan. Liû-khiû kok-ông Siōng Thài phài lâng khì Tang-kiaⁿ khòng-gī, Ji̍t-pún lâng kin-pún bô lí i. Siōng Thài koh phài lâng khì Chheng-kok hia kò-chōng, choè chiong Ji̍t-pún lâng ló͘--liáu, tī 1879-nî chiong Liû-khiû bia̍t--tiāu.\n\nHit sî-hāu toā-pō͘-hūn Liû-khiû lâng tùi Ji̍t-pún ê thóng-tī chin put-boán, Ji̍t-pún ê Bêng-tī Thian-hông kiaⁿ in hoán-khòng, chiong Siōng Thài kap i ê ka-cho̍k lóng páng-kà kàu Tang-kiaⁿ hia toà. Chin chē hoán-tùi Ji̍t-pún ê Liû-khiû lâng cháu khì Tiong-kok, ū ê tī Pak-kiaⁿ, ū ê tī Thian-tin, ū ê tī Hok-chiu. In boeh siūⁿ niū Chheng-kok chhut-peng khì phah Ji̍t-pún, tī Chóng-lí gê-mn̂g hia ti̍t-ti̍t kóng. 1894-nî Kap-ngó͘ Chiàn-cheng po̍k-hoat ê sî-hāu, in khǹg Chheng-kok phah Liû-khiû, m̄-koh Chheng-kok ê hông-tè bô thiaⁿ. Thiaⁿ-kóng Chheng-kok kap Ji̍t-pún hoat-seng chiàn-cheng, hoán-tùi Ji̍t-pún ê Liû-khiû lâng lóng chin hoaⁿ-hí, ǹg-bāng Chheng-kok ê pō͘-tūi phah koè--lâi „kái-hòng Liû-khiû\", kiat-kó bô khoàⁿ-tio̍h i ê iáⁿ. Choè chiong Chheng-kok chiàn-pāi, chiong Tâi-oân koah hō͘ Ji̍t-pún, Liû-khiû to̍k-li̍p iā bô hi-bāng liáu. Lâi Tiong-kok ê Liû-khiû lâng iā kám-kak bô-bāng, bô-goā-kú lóng tńg chhù liáu.\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\nLiû-khiû choè ko ê thóng-tī-chiá sī kok-ông, Liû-khiû lâng kiò i „Ushū Ganashii\" (御主加那志) ia̍h-sī „Shuri Ten Ganashi\" (首里天加那志). Ông-hiō ū Sashiki Magiri (佐敷間切) ê hong-tē, kiò choè „Sashiki Aji Ganashi\" (佐敷按司加那志). Thài-chú kiò choè „Kani Ganashii\" (黄金加那志), in-ūi ū Nagagusuku Magiri (中城間切) ê hong-tē, iā kiò choè „Nagagusuku Udun\" (中城御殿).\n\nLiû-khiû choè toā ê koaⁿ sī liap-chèng (摂政), chí iû ông-chú lâi choè, m̄-kò i chí kóng lé-gî, bô khoân-le̍k. Si̍t-chè choè toā ê koaⁿ sī sam-su-koan (三司官), iā kiò choè hoat-su (法司), siong-tong Tiong-kok ê sêng-siòng (丞相). Che koaⁿ bē-sái iû ông-cho̍k ê lâng lâi choè. Ē-kha sī piáu-si̍p-ngó͘-jîn (表十五人), siong-tong Tiong-kok lio̍k-pō͘ (六部) ê pō͘-tiúⁿ.\n\nKun-sū\n------\n\nLiû-khiû bô chèng-sek ê pō͘-tūi, m̄-kò ū ka-kī ê chū-oē bú-chong cho͘-chit. 1554-nî, keng-koè kok-ông Siōng Chheng ê kái-kek, chèng-sek khak-tēng bú-chong cho͘-chit ê „Koori Hiki chè-tō͘\" (庫理・ヒキ制度).\n\nLiû-khiû tī siú-to͘ Shuri hū-kīn siat 12-tūi Hiki (ヒキ), chi̍t tūi jia̍p kúi ê lâng. Hiki sī kok-ông ê oē-tūi, pêng-kin pun chiâⁿ 3-cho͘, 3-ê sam-su-koan chi̍t ê lâng kóng chi̍t ê cho͘, múi ê cho͘ ū 4-tūi.\n\nPak-san siat Pak-san kàm-siú (北山監守) ê kéng-oē, kóng chi̍t ê kúi pah lâng ê pō͘-tūi, toà Nakijin-siâⁿ lāi-bīn.\n\nKî-thaⁿ ê tē-hng iû chāi-tē ê Magiri koaⁿ-liâu ka-kī siat bîn-peng cho͘-chit lâi î-chhî tī-an.\n\nHêng-chèng tan-ūi\n-----------------\n\nLiû-khiû kui-ê kok-ka pun „3-séng 36-tó\" (三省三十六島). „3-séng\" sī chí Okinawa-tó ê Tiong-san, Lâm-san kap Pak-san 3-ê pō͘-hūn, chèng-sek miâ-chheng kiò choè Nakagami-hong (中頭方), Shimajiri-hong (島尻方) kap Kunigami-hong (国頭方), che 3-séng ê tē-khu tō sī Sam-san Sî-tāi 3-ê kok-ka ê léng-thó͘. „36-tó\" sī chí Miyako, Yaeyama, Yonaguni, Amami téng téng Liû-khiû ē-bīn kóng ê tó.\n\nSi̍t-chè „3-séng 36-tó\" tī Liû-khiû hêng-chèng khu-he̍k lāi-té sī hi ê kóng-hoat, Liû-khiû kin-pún bô siat séng-kip ê koaⁿ-liâu kap hêng-chèng ki-kò͘. Liû-khiû si̍t-chè choè ko ê hêng-chèng tan-ūi sī Magiri (間切), tī séng-kip ê ē-té, iā kiò choè kūn (郡) ia̍h-sī hú (府). Shuri Mifira (首里三平等), Naha (那覇), Tomari (泊) kap Kume (久米) it-poaⁿ tâng-chê kiò choè „4 hú\", bô pau-koat tī Magiri lāi-té.\n\nMagiri ē-té sī Mura (村), iā kiò choè chhun, sī choè kē ê hêng-chèng tan-ūi.\n\nSin-hūn chè-tō͘\n---------------\n\nLiû-khiû ê sin-hūn chè-tō͘ tī 1509-nî khak-tēng, āu-boé hoat-lu̍t-hoà, pun 9-phín (品) 18-kai (階).\n\nLiû-khiû choè koân ê sī ông-cho̍k, bô tī 9-phín 18-kai lāi-té, hō͘ lâng kiò choè Udun. Ông-cho̍k pun Ōji (王子) kap Aji (按司) 2-chióng, kî-tiong Ōji sī kok-ông ê kiáⁿ.\n\nKo-kip sū-cho̍k ê koan-ūi àn chèng 1-phín kàu chiông 4-phín, kiò choè Samure (侍) ia̍h-sī Yukatchu (良人). \n\nIt-poaⁿ sū-cho̍k sī chí chèng 5-phín chi hē ê sū-cho̍k. It-poaⁿ sū-cho̍k ê koan-ūi ū Satunushi Peechin (里之子親雲上), Chikudun Peechin (筑登之親雲上), Satunushi (里之子), Satunushi (里主), Chikudun (筑登之), Shii (子) kap Niya (仁屋) 7-chióng.\n\nIt-poaⁿ sū-cho̍k pun Satunushi ka-cho̍k (里之子筋目) kap Chikudun ka-cho̍k (筑登之筋目) 2-chióng. Satunushi ka-cho̍k sêng-oân ê seng-koaⁿ sūn-sī sī: Chii, Satunushi, Satunushi Peechin, khah koân tō sī ko-kip sū-cho̍k ê Peekumii; Chikudun ka-cho̍k sêng-oân ê seng-koaⁿ sūn-sī sī: Chii, Satunushi, Chikudun Peechin, khah koân iā sī Peekumii.\n\nKo-kip sū-cho̍k kap it-poaⁿ sū-cho̍k lóng ū ka-phó͘ , kiò choè Keimochi (系持チ), ì-sù sī „ū ka-phó͘ ê\". Peh-sèⁿ bô ka-phó͘ , kiò choè Mukei (無系). Iā ū peh-sèⁿ ū kong-lô, seng khì choè sū-cho̍k, kiò choè sin-chham sū-cho̍k (新參士族). Sin-chham sū-cho̍k choè kē ê koan-ūi sī Niya.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nLiû-khiû ê léng-thó͘ chin soè, bô-hoat-tō͘ hoat-tián lông-gia̍p choè ki-chhó͘ ê keng-chè, to̍k-to̍k ū pān-hoat thàu-koè tùi-goā bō͘-e̍k tit kàu chîⁿ-châi. Liû-khiû hiòng Tiong-kok tiâu-kòng, tit kàu chin chē bu̍t-chu; i-ê tē-lí só͘-chāi tiōng-iàu, chiū-án-ne piàn-sêng Ji̍t-pún kap Tang-lâm-a kok-ka tùi Tiong-kok bō͘-e̍k ê „chóng tāi-lí\".\n\nLiû-khiû hiòng Tiong-kok chhut-kháu Ji̍t-pún ê pe̍h-gîn, chhat-khì, to kiàm, pîn-hong, kap khoê-sìⁿ, chiong Tiong-kok ê hàn-io̍h, hûi-á, si-tiû, tâng-chîⁿ boē kàu Ji̍t-pún kap Tiâu-sián, iū chiong Tang-lâm-a, Ìn-tō͘ kap A-la-pek kok-ka ê sai-gû-kak, so͘-bo̍k, phang-liāu, siah, thn̂g, chhiūⁿ-gê téng téng ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ boē khì Tiong-kok, Ji̍t-pún kap Tiâu-sián. Liû-khiû tī hit sî-hāu iû choán-kháu bō͘-e̍k lāi-té thàn kàu chin chē chîⁿ, hō͘ lâng kiò choè „Bān-kok tin-niû\" (萬國津樑), ì-sù sī chha-put-to só͘-iū boeh siūⁿ choè tùi-goā bō͘-e̍k ê seng-lí-lâng lóng iû chit-tah kiâⁿ.\n\nM̄-kò, kàu 1609-nî Ji̍t-pún chhim-lio̍h Liû-khiû í-āu, kìm-chí Liû-khiû kap Tiâu-sián, Tang-lâm-a téng téng kok-ka choè-seng-lí, Liû-khiû hiòng Tiong-kok chìn-kòng tit kàu ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ toā-pō͘-hūn hō͘ Ji̍t-pún toa̍t khì, Liû-khiû jú piàn jú kêng. Keng-koè Hiòng Siōng-hiân (Haneji Tyôsyû) kap Chhoà Un nn̄g ê lâng ê ló͘-le̍k, keng-chè chiah khai-sí ū chi̍t-koá-á hó. M̄-kò, kàu 19 sè-kí, iū khai-sí piàn kêng, gō--sí chin chē lâng, Liû-khiû kok-ông siūⁿ chin chē hong-sek khì kiù, lóng bô-hoat-tō͘ kái-koat.\n\nChîⁿ\n----\n\nLiû-khiû choè chá bô hoè-pè. 1413-nî, Bêng Sêng-chó͘ sàng hō͘ Liû-khiû „Éng-lo̍k Thong-pó\" (永樂通寶) ê chîⁿ. Tùi hit sî-hāu khai-sí, Liû-khiû sái tâng-chîⁿ.\n\nLiû-khiû ū choè koè kúi chióng ka-kī ê tâng-chîⁿ, pau-koat Siōng Thài-kiú ê Tāi-sè Thong-pó (大世通寶), Siōng Tek ê Sè-ko Thong-pó (世高通寶), Siōng Oân ê Kim-oân Sè-pó (金圓世寶) kap Siōng Chin ê Tiong-san Thong-pó (中山通寶). Tùi 1656-nî khai-sí, Liû-khiû ēng khiu-bo̍k-chîⁿ (鳩目錢) choè hoè-pè. Che khiu-bo̍k-chîⁿ chit-liōng chin pháiⁿ, chí tī i ka-kī kok-ka teh sú-iōng.\n\nTû-liáu ka-kī ê chîⁿ, Liû-khiû iā ēng Tiong-kok ê Hông-bú Thong-pó (洪武通寶), Éng-lo̍k Thong-pó, kap Ji̍t-pún ê Khoan-éng Thong-pó (寬永通寶).\n\nHoat-lu̍t\n---------\n\nLiû-khiû ê hoat-lu̍t pun sí-hêng kap khin-hêng (輕刑) 2-chióng. Kî-tiong, sí-hêng pun lêng-tî, thâi-thâu, chhiong-chhì (槍刺) 3-chióng. Lêng-tî choan-bûn iōng-lâi thâi boeh siūⁿ chō-hoán ê lâng. Chhiong-chhì sī chiong hoān-lâng pa̍k tī si̍p-jī-kè bīn-téng, ēng chhiong thuh sim-chōng thâi--sí, jiân-āu chiong thâu chām khì. Khin-hêng pun liû-hòng, pha̍k-ji̍t, ngeh (夾), kê (枷, giâ kê iû-ke), thi (笞, ēng soh phah).\n\nLiû-khiû-lâng sèng-keh khah láu-si̍t, chiū-án-ne hoat-lu̍t iā khah kán-tan, choân-kok lóng bô siat hoat-īⁿ. Nā-sī ū àn-kiāⁿ, tō hiòng sam-su-koan kò-chōng, iû sam-su-koan (三司官) lâi phoàⁿ.\n\nBûn-hoà\n-------\n\nLiû-khiû im-ga̍k.\nKarate.\nLiû-khiû bûn-hoà siū kàu Tiong-kok, Ji̍t-pún 2-ê kok-ka ê íng-hióng, tān-sī Liû-khiû ū ka-kī te̍k-sek ê bûn-hoà.\n\nTī 1537-nî kàu 1623-nî chi-kan, Liû-khiû pian koè le̍k-sú lāi-bīn thâu pō͘ Liû-koa chi̍p (琉歌集), kiò choè „Omoro saosi\" (おもろさうし). Kî-tiong, „Omoro\" tī Liû-khiû-gí lāi-té sī „koa\" ê ì-sù. „Omoro saosi\" lāi-bīn ū Liû-koa 1554-siú.\n\n17 sè-kí ê sî-hāu, thú-chêng (抒情) ê Liû-koa choè liû-hêng. Liû-koa choè siông ê iūⁿ-sek sī 8, 8, 8, 6 hit khoán ê 30-im iūⁿ-sek, kah Ji̍t-pún ê Hô-koa (和歌) chin chhiūⁿ.\n\nLiû-khiû lâng ēng chit chióng miâ-jī kiò choè „sansin\" (三線) ê khîm. Che sansin sī iû Tiong-kok ê sam-hiân (三弦) hoat-tián lâi ê, āu-boé thoân kàu Ji̍t-pún ê Kyûsyû, hoat-tián sêng „syamisen\" (三味線).\n\nLiû-khiû ê kang-gē siū kàu Hok-kiàn chin toā ê íng-hióng, Liû-khiû chhat-khì sī tùi Hok-chiu ê thoat-thai chhat-khì (脫胎漆器) hoat-tián lâi ê.\n\nBêng-tiâu ê sî-hāu, Bân-jîn Sam-si̍p-lio̍k-sèng chiong Tiong-kok bú-su̍t tài kàu Liû-khiû, hoat-tián chêng Liû-khiû ka-kī ê bú-su̍t „tii\" (ティー), choè-āu hoat-tián sêng kin-á-ji̍t ê Karate.\n\nI-ha̍k kap ki-su̍t\n------------------\n\nLiû-khiû ê i-ha̍k siū kàu Hok-kiàn ê íng-hióng. Kó͘-chá chin choē Ji̍t-pún ê i-seng keng-koè Liû-khiû khì Hok-kiàn ha̍k-si̍p, ū i-seng in-ūi hong-thai bô-hoat-tō͘ khì Hok-kiàn, chiū lâu tī Liû-khiû. Pí-kàu chhut-miâ ê sī choan-bûn hō͘ Siōng Lêng khoàⁿ-pīⁿ ê i-seng Yamazaki Nikyû (山崎 二休).\n\nLiû-khiû le̍k-sú lāi-té iā ū chin choē chhut-miâ ê i-seng, kî-tiong chin choē lâng ū khì Tiong-kok liû-ha̍k koè. *Kiû-iông Kì-sū* (球陽記事) lāi-bīn kóng, Liû-khiû phài koè lâng khì Hok-chiu o̍h lāi-kho, goā-kho, tī thian-hoa téng-téng ê i-liâu ki-su̍t. 1846-nî, Liû-khiû i-seng Nakati Kizin (仲地 紀仁) hiòng thoân-kàu-sū Bernard Jean Bettelheim o̍h chèng-chu (種珠) tī thian-hoa ê hong-hoat.\n\n1787-nî, Liû-khiû lâng Tobi Asato (飛び安里) hoat-bêng chi̍t khoán hui-hêng-ki.\n\nChong-kàu\n---------\n\nUtaki.\nLiû-khiû lâng sìn Liû-khiû sîn-tō, Ji̍t-pún sîn-tō, Hu̍t-kàu, Jû-kàu kap Tō-kàu, í-āu iā ū lâng sìn Ki-tok-kàu.\n\nLiû-khiû sîn-tō sī Liû-khiû lâi goân-sí ka-kī ê chong-kàu, pau-koat pài chó͘-sian, sìn Utaki (御嶽), sìn Niraikanai (ニライカナイ), sìn Onarigami (おなり神) téng téng. Án Liû-khiû sîn-tō ê kóng-hoat, lâng sí--ah í-āu ē khì Niraikanai lāi-bīn khì, piàn-sêng chit ê pì-iū ka-cho̍k ê sîn-bêng. Che sîn-bêng ē tēng-kî tńg chhù khoàⁿ, pì-iū ka-cho̍k ê pêng-an. Chiū-án-ne Liû-khiû lâng kah Tiong-kok lâng siāng-khoán, ē kiong-hōng ka-kī ê chó͘-sian. Liû-khiû lâng te̍k-pia̍t sìn san-súi kah sim-lîm ê sîn-bêng, che chiū sī Utaki sìn-gióng. Liû-khiû lâng iā kah Hok-kiàn lâng hit khoán sìn thó͘-tī-kong, Liû-khiû lâng kiò i „Tudiikuu\" (トゥティークー ).\n\nTī Liû-khiû sîn-tō lāi-té, cha-bó͘ ê tē-ūi chin koân. Liû-khiû sîn-tō ê chè-su kiò choè Noro (ノロ), bîn-kan ê ang-î kiò choè Yuta (ユタ). Kui-ê kok-ka choè ko ê Noro sī Kikoe Ōkimi (聞得大君), it-poaⁿ iû kok-ông ê chí-mōe ia̍h-sī cha-bó͘-lâng lâi choè.\n\nHu̍t-kàu chha-put-to tī 13 sè-kí ê sî-hāu thoân kàu Liû-khiû. Oân-kak-sī (圓覺寺), Thian-ông-sī (天王寺) kah Thian-kè-sī (天界寺) tâng-chê kiò choè „Liû-khiû 3 toā sī\", tān-sī tī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn ê sî-hāu, Ji̍t-pún lâng tī chia khí kun-sū ki-tē, choè-āu chit 3-ê sī hō͘ Bí-kok ê hui-hêng-ki chà pháiⁿ--khì.\n\nLiû-khiû lâng iā sìn Tō-kàu, ū pài chó͘-sian kah kuì-choá ê si̍p-koàn. Chhiūⁿ Ná-kong (拿公), Ná-pô (拿婆), Lîm-chúi hu-jîn (臨水夫人), Tân Siōng-su (陳尚書) kah Má-chó͘ chit-khoán Hok-kiàn ê Tō-kàu sîn-bêng, lóng ū Liû-khiû lâng kī biō lâi kiong-hōng.\n\n1622-nî, thâu chi̍t ê Ki-tok-kàu thoân-kàu-sū lâi Liû-khiû ê Yaeyama thoân-kàu. 1844-nî, Hoat-kok thoân-kàu-sū Théodore-Augustin Forcade lâi Liû-khiû, i sī thâu chi̍t ê kàu Okinawa-tó thoân-kàu ê lâng. 1846-nî, Eng-kok lâng Bernard Jean Bettelheim lâi Okinawa thoân-kàu, tī chia ha̍k-si̍p Okinawa-gí, i sī sè-kài bīn-téng thâu chi̍t ê ēng Okinawa-gí hoan-e̍k *Sèng-keng* ê lâng.\n\nLiû-khiû ê kok-ông\n------------------\n\n|\n| |\n**Liû-khiû ê kok-ông**| tô͘ | miâ-jī | hàn-jī | chāi-ūi |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **Shunten ông-tiâu** |\n| | Shunten | 舜天 | 1187–1237 |\n| | Shunbajunki | 舜馬順熈 | 1238–1248 |\n| | Gihon | 義本 | 1249–1259 |\n| **Eiso ông-tiâu** |\n| | Eiso | 英祖 | 1260–1299 |\n| | Taisei | 大成 | 1300–1308 |\n| | Eiji | 英慈 | 1309–1313 |\n| | Tamagusuku | 玉城 | 1314–1336 |\n| | Seii | 西威 | 1337–1354 |\n| **Satto ông-tiâu****Tiong-san kok-ông** |\n| | Satto | 察度 | 1355–1397 |\n| | Bunei | 武寧 | 1398–1406 |\n| **Haniji ông-tiâu****Pak-san kok-ông** |\n| | Haniji | 怕尼芝 | 1322?–1395? |\n| | Min | 珉 | 1396?–1400 |\n| | Hananchi | 攀安知 | 1401?–1416 |\n| **Ofusato ông-tiâu****Lâm-san kok-ông** |\n| | Ofusato | 承察度 | 1314–1398 |\n| | Oueishi | 汪英紫 | 1398?–1402 |\n| | Ououso | 汪応祖 | 1403?–1413 |\n| | Tafuchi | 達勃期 | 1413?–1414? |\n| | Taromai | 他魯毎 | 1414?–1429 |\n| **Tē-it Siōng--sī ông-tiâu****Liû-khiû-kok Tiong-san-ông** |\n| | Siōng Su-siāu | 尚思紹 | 1407–1421 |\n| | Siōng Pa-chì | 尚巴志 | 1422–1439 |\n| | Siōng Tiong | 尚忠 | 1440–1442 |\n| | Siōng Su-ta̍t | 尚思達 | 1443–1449 |\n| | Siōng Kim-hok | 尚金福 | 1450–1453 |\n| | Siōng Thài-kiú | 尚泰久 | 1454–1460 |\n| | Siōng Tek | 尚徳 | 1461–1469 |\n| **Tē-jī Siōng--sī ông-tiâu****Liû-khiû-kok Tiong-san-ông** |\n| | Siōng Oân | 尚円 | 1470–1476 |\n| | Siōng Soan-ui | 尚宣威 | 1477 |\n| | Siōng Chin | 尚眞 | 1477–1526 |\n| | Siōng Chheng | 尚清 | 1527–1555 |\n| | Siōng Goân | 尚元 | 1556–1572 |\n| | Siōng Éng | 尚永 | 1573–1586 |\n| | Siōng Lêng | 尚寧 | 1587–1620 |\n| | Siōng Hong | 尚豊 | 1621–1640 |\n| | Siōng Hiân | 尚賢 | 1641–1647 |\n| | Siōng Chit | 尚質 | 1648–1668 |\n| | Siōng Cheng | 尚貞 | 1669–1709 |\n| | Siōng Ek | 尚益 | 1710–1712 |\n| | Siōng Kèng | 尚敬 | 1713–1751 |\n| | Siōng Bo̍k | 尚穆 | 1752–1795 |\n| | Siōng Un | 尚温 | 1796–1802 |\n| | Siōng Sêng | 尚成 | 1803 |\n| | Siōng Hō | 尚灝 | 1804–1828 |\n| | Siōng Io̍k | 尚育 | 1829–1847 |\n| | Siōng Thài | 尚泰 | 1848 – 1879 |\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n### Chù-kha\n\n1. ↑ \"琉球国金石文献述略\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 中国社会科学院古代史研究所. 2018-12-25.\n\n### Chham-khó bûn-hiàn\n\n* 真境名安興『沖縄一千年史』（真境名安興全集第一巻）琉球新報社 1993年\n* 『沖縄門中大事典』那覇出版社 1998年 ISBN 4-89095-101-6\n* 上里隆史、「古琉球の軍隊とその歴史的展開」『琉球アジア社会文化研究』 5号 p.105-128, 2002-10, 琉球アジア社会文化研究会, NAID 40005617274\n\nKoh Khoàⁿ\n---------\n\n* Kiú-bí-chhun\n* Bân-jîn Sam-si̍p-lio̍k-sèng\n* Jiû-oán-ia̍h (Liû-khiû-koán)\n* Liû-khiû to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Ryukyu Kingdom*** |\n\n* *Brief History of the Uchinanchu (Okinawans)*, Uninanchu .\n* *Okinawa Filming Guide Book 2014–2015* (PDF), Okinawa Convention & Visitors Bureau (OCVBOkinawaFilmOffice), goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2017-02-11 hőng khó͘-pih, 2017-02-11 khòaⁿ--ê\n* Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan, Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties\n\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Liû-kiû Kok-ông |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Sùn-thian Ông-tiâu | Sùn-thian · Sùn-má-sūn-hi · Gī-pún |\n| |\n| Eng-chó͘ Ông-tiâu | Eng-chó͘ · Tāi-sêng · Eng-chû · Gio̍k-sêng · Se-ui |\n| |\n| San-san Sî-tāi | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| **Tiong-san Ông-kok** | Chhat-tō͘ · Bú-lêng |\n| |\n| **Lâm-san Ông-kok** | Sêng-chhat-tō͘ · Ang-eng-chí · Ang-eng-chó͘ · Thaⁿ-ló͘-muí |\n| |\n| **Pak-san Ông-kok** | Pà-nî-chi · Bîn · Phan-an-ti |\n\n |\n| |\n| Tē-it Siōng--sī | Siōng Su-siāu · Siōng Pa-chì · Siōng Tiong · Siōng Su-ta̍t · Siōng Kim-hok · Siōng Thài-kiú · Siōng Tek |\n| |\n| Tē-jī Siōng--sī | Siōng Oân · Siōng Soan-ui · Siōng Chin · Siōng Chheng · Siōng Goân · Siōng Éng · Siōng Lêng · Siōng Hong · Siōng Hiân · Siōng Chit · Siōng Cheng · Siōng Ek · Siōng Kèng · Siōng Bo̍k · Siōng Un · Siōng Sêng · Siōng Hō · Siōng Io̍k · Siōng Thài |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Liû-kiû-kok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3763,17806,0.21133325845220713],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n
    Tāi Liû-kiû-kok
    (kàu 17 sè-kí)
    大琉球國 うふるーちゅーくく
    Liû-kiû-kok
    (tùi 17 sè-kí)
    琉球國 るーちゅーくく
    \n1429 nî–1879 nî
    \n
    \n
    \"Liû-kiû
    \n
    Kok-ông ê ka-bûn
    \n
    \n
    Siú-to͘\nShuri
    Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân\nOkinawa-gí
    Thong-iōng gí-giân\nLiû-kiû-gí, pau-koat:
    Okinawa-gí, Yaeyama-gí, Miyako-gí, Yonaguni-gí, Nakijin-gí, Amami-gí
    Chong-kàu
    		\nLiû-kiû sîn-tō, Ji̍t-pún sîn-tō, Hu̍t-kàu, Jû-kàu, Tō-kàu
    Chèng-hú\nkun-chú chè-tō͘
    Liû-kiû-kok Tiong-san-ông (琉球國中山王)\n 
    • 1429–1439
    		\nSiōng Pa-chì
    • 1477–1526
    		\nSiōng Chin
    • 1587–1620
    		\nSiōng Lêng
    • 1848–1879
    		\nSiōng Thài
    Liap-chèng\n 
    • 1666–1673
    		\nHiòng Siōng-hiân
    Kok-su (國師)\n 
    • 1751–1752
    		\nChhoà Un
    Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘\nShuri ông-hú (首里王府), Sam-su-koan (三司官)
    Le̍k-sú\n 
    • thóng-it
    		\n1429 nî
    \n1609 nî 4 goe̍h 5 ji̍t
    • hō͘ Ji̍t-pún bia̍t-bông
    		\n1879 nî 3 goe̍h 11 ji̍t
    Bīn-chek
    \n2,271 km2 (877 sq mi)
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    í-chêng kok-ka    		í-āu kok-ka
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"\"Hokuzan
    \"\"Chūzan
    \"\"Nanzan
    		\n\n\n\n\n
    Tāi-ji̍t-pún Tè-kok\"\"
    Taⁿ siok-tī\n\"\" Ji̍t-pún
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":20684}} -{"text":"\n**EPUB** (ing-gú: Electronic Publication (EPUB)) sī tsi̍t-tsióng sú-iōng \".epub\" bûn-kiānn khok-tián miâ ê tiān-tsí tshut-pán-bu̍t bûn-kiānn keh-sik. Tsi̍t-ê su̍t-gí sī tian-tsí tshut-pán-bu̍t ê sok-siá, ū-tang-sî-á kiò-tsò ePub. Tsiânn-tsē tiān-tsí ua̍t-to̍k-khì lóng tsi-tshî EPUB, tuā-to-sòo tì-lîng tshiú-kī, pîng-pán tiān-náu kah kè-sǹg-ki lóng ē-tàng sú-iōng kiam-iông ê nńg-thé. EPUB sī iû kok-tsè sòo-jī tshut-pán lūn-tân (IDPF) huat-pòo ê ki-su̍t piau-tsún. EPUB tī 2007-nî 9-gue̍h-á tsiânn-tsò IDPF ê kuan-hong piau-tsún, tshú-tāi kū-ê khai-hòng tiān-tsí-tsheh (OEB) piau-tsún.\n\nTôo-su hâng-gia̍p gián-kiù sió-tsoo jīn-khó EPUB 3 tsò pau-tsong luē-iông êsiú-suán keh-sik; pīng-tshiánn piáu-sī tsuân-kiû tôo-su tshut-pán hâng-gia̍p ing-kai se̍h teh tan-it piau-tsún thuân-kiat it-tì. EPUB keh-sik hông si̍t-hiān tsò tsi̍t-ê tsûn-tóng bûn-kiānn; iû gīm-tuà lāi-iông ê XHTML bûn-kiānn í-ki̍p tôo-siōng kah kî-thann tsi-tshî ê bûn-kiānn sóo tsoo-sîng ê. EPUB sī siōng kóng-huàn tsi-tshî ê to̍k-li̍p teh kiong-ìng-siong ê khiā-ttī XML ê tiān-tsí-tsheh keh-sik; iah tio̍h-sī kóng, tsha-put-to sóo-ūê ngē-thé ua̍t-to̍k-khì lóng tsi-tshî EPUB.\n\nLi̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTsò-uî khai-hòng tiān-tsí-tsheh tshut-pán kiat-kòo ê hōo-kè pán-pún, EPUB 2.0 tī 2007-nî 10-gue̍h hi̍k-tik phue-tsún; pīng-tshiánn tī 2010-nî 9-gue̍h hi̍k-tik uî-hōo king-sin (2.0.1).\n\nEPUB 3.0 kui-huān tī 2011-nî 10-gue̍h sing-hāu; iû 2014-nî 6-gue̍h ê tshù-iàu uî-hōo king-sin (3.0.1) tshú-tāi. Sin-ê tsú-iàu kong-lîng pau-kuat tsi-tshî tsing-khak pòo-kio̍k hi̍k-tsiá tsuan-iōng keh-sik (kòo-tīng pòo-kio̍k bûn-tóng-àn); pí-jû báng-gà tsheh, kah MathML ê tsi-tshî. Tong-tsiân ê EPUB pán-pún sī 3.2, tī 2019-nî 5-gue̍h 8-ji̍t sing-hāu. Keh-sik kui-huān (ê bûn-pún) tsìn-hîng tiōng-tsoo kah tshing-lí; keh-sik tsi-tshî uán-tîng thok-kuán tsu-guân kah sin jī-thé keh-sik (WOFF 2.0 hām SFNT); pīng-tshiánn sú-iōng koh-khah sûn ê HTML kah CSS.\n\nTī 2016-nî 5-gue̍h, IDPF sîng-guân phue-tsú World Wide Web liân-bîng (W3C) ê ha̍p-pìng, \"í uân-tsuân tuì-tsê tshù-pān-gia̍p kah hi̍k-sim Web ki-su̍t\".\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"EPUB 3.2 specification\". *IDPF*. February 27, 2022 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"OPS 2.0 Elevated to Official IDPF Standard\". *IDPF*. eBooklyn. Oct 15, 2007.\n3. ↑ \"Endorsement of EPUB 3\". *BISG*. Book Industry Study Group. 2012-08-06. goân-loē-iông tī 2016-04-17 hőng khó͘-pih. 2020-05-05 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"The Different Ebook Formats Explained: EPUB, MOBI, AZW, IBA, and More\". 27 July 2018.\n5. ↑ \"Older Versions of EPUB\". *International Digital Publishing Forum*. goân-loē-iông tī 2017-08-31 hőng khó͘-pih. 2017-05-10 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ \"1.1 EPUB Revision History\". IDPF. 11 October 2011.\n7. ↑ \"EPUB 3.0\". *International Digital Publishing Forum*. goân-loē-iông tī 2012-04-17 hőng khó͘-pih. 2017-01-12 khòaⁿ--ê.\n8. ↑ Rothman, David (July 27, 2008). \"The ePub torture test: Starring 'Three Shadows,' a graphic novel\". *TeleRead: Bring the E-Books Home*.\n9. ↑ \"EPUB 3.2\". *World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)*. 2021-02-20 khòaⁿ--ê.\n10. ↑ \"EPUB 3.1 Changes from EPUB 3.0.1\". *IDPF*. 2017-01-12 khòaⁿ--ê.\n11. ↑ \"EPUB 3.1 Changes from EPUB 3.0.1\". *IDPF*. 2017-01-12 khòaⁿ--ê.\n12. ↑ \"EPUB 3.1 Changes from EPUB 3.0.1\". *IDPF*. 2017-01-12 khòaⁿ--ê.\n13. ↑ \"IDPF Members Approve W3C Merger\". *Publishing Perspectives*. 9 November 2016.\n14. ↑ \"World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF) Explore Plans to Combine\". *W3C*.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* GNU General Public License (GPL)\n* MathML\n* Open eBook\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* ISO/IEC TS 30135-1:2014 - EPUB3 — Part 1: EPUB3 Overview (Eng-gí)\n* IDPF EPUB Validator (Github-repository) (Eng-gí)\n\nEbooks [en]\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* GND: 102917637X\n* NKC: ph867757\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"EPUB","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1804,3856,0.4678423236514523],"infobox":["
    Tiān-tsú tshut-pán (EPUB)
    \n
    Filename extension\n
    \n.epub
    Internet media type\n
    \napplication/epub+zip
    Magic number\nPK\\x03\\x04 (Zip)
    Developed by\nInternational Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF)
    Initial release\n2007 nî 9 goe̍h;​ 25 tiám-cheng í-chêng​ (2007 -09)
    Latest release\n
    3.2
    2019 nî 5 goe̍h 15 ji̍t;​ 3 nî í-chêng​ (2019-05-15)
    Type of format\ne-book file format
    Contained by\nOEBPS Container Format (OCF; Zip)
    Extended from\nOpen eBook, XHTML, CSS, DTBook
    Standard\nISO/IEC TS 30135
    Open format?\nYes
    Website\nwww.w3.org/publishing/epub32/
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4090}} -{"text":"Kè-sǹg gí-giân-ha̍k kóng ê **pîn-lu̍t-pió** (*frequency list*) tō sī kā jī (*word*, *word type*) chiàu pîn-lu̍t (*frequency*) koân-kē lâi pâi, ah pîn-lu̍t tō khoàⁿ hit ê jī tī gí-liāu-khò͘ (*corpus*) chhut-hiān kúi pái lâi sǹg.\n\nEng-gí ê lē\n-----------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| the | 3789654 |\n| he | 2098762 |\n| ... |\n| king | 57897 |\n| boy | 56975 |\n| ... |\n| outragious | 76 |\n| ... |\n| stringyfy | 5 |\n| ... |\n| transducionalify | 1 |\n\nPe̍h-oē-jī ê lē\n---------------\n\nĒ-kha sī 2005 nî 7 goe̍h POJ gí-liāu-khò͘ thóng-kè--chhut-lâi ê pîn-lu̍t. Pîn-lu̍t siōng koân ê 31 ê jī lóng sī toaⁿ-im-chat. \n\n| sūn-sū | POJ | pîn-lu̍t | pí-lē | ha̍p-chóng |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | ê | 198203 | 8.13% | 8.13% |\n| 2 | i | 59922 | 2.46% | 10.59% |\n| ... |\n| 9 | bô | 28770 | 1.18% | 20.96% |\n| ... |\n| 20 | kaù | 13968 | 0.57% | 30.26% |\n| ... |\n| 32 | in-ūi | 10634 | 0.44% | 36.36% |\n| ... |\n| 42 | ēng | 8010 | 0.33% | 40.17% |\n| ... |\n| 94 | toà | 2934 | 0.12% | 50.03% |\n| ... |\n| 228 | sèng | 1219 | 0.05% | 60.03% |\n| ... |\n| 559 | kan-taⁿ | 466 | 0.019% | 70.01% |\n| ... |\n| 1000 | tīn | 255 | 0.0105% | 76.18% |\n| ... |\n| 1463 | piáu-bêng | 162 | 0.0066% | 80.00% |\n| ... |\n| 4864 | lat-bí-ah | 35 | 0.0014% | 90.00% |\n| ... |\n|\n| 10000 | saⁿ-chiap | 11 | 0.0005% | 94.15% |\n| ... |\n|\n| 20000 | haū-iú-hoē | 4 | 0.0002% | 96.83% |\n| ... |\n\nLō͘-ēng\n-------\n\nKè-sǹg gí-giân-ha̍k chha-put-to ta̍k hong-bīn ê gián-kiù lóng tio̍h-ài ū tiān-chú jī-tián (*electronic dictionary*), ah beh chò tiān-chú jī-tián tiāⁿ-tio̍h ài seng ū pîn-lu̍t-pió.\n\nBeh pian kaù-châi, mā tio̍h lī-iōng pîn-lu̍t-pió kā ta̍k ê kai-toāⁿ beh o̍h ê jī kap ē-tit ēng ê jī lia̍t--chhut-lâi, ha̍k-si̍p haū-kó chiah ē khah hó.\n\nBeh pian jī-tián, 10000 jī, 20000 jī, 40000 jī, ... toā-sè pún ê jī-tián beh siu sím-mih jī, pîn-lu̍t-pió mā sī siōng hó ê chham-khó. Án-ne pian--chhut-lâi ê jī-tián chiah ē-tit hù-ha̍p bô-siâng sú-iōng-chiá ê su-iàu.\n\nLí-lūn\n------\n\nHó chhan-chhiūⁿ ta̍k chióng chū-jiân gí-giân ê pîn-lu̍t-pió lóng hù-ha̍p Zipf tēng-lu̍t (*Zipf's law*).\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Chôan-lô Tâi-gú-bûn sû-pîn thóng-kè chu-liāu Archived 2007-12-22 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Pîn-lu̍t-pió","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[586,1633,0.35884874464176364],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2359}} -{"text":"\n**Pò·-tē-hì** (布袋戲) sī 1-chióng tē-hng hì-kio̍k, **Bân-lâm pò·-tē-hì** chú-iàu liû-hêng tī Bân-lâm kah Tâi-ôan, pēng-chhiáⁿ tī Tâi-ôan tit-tio̍h chin tōa ê kái-liông, siāng chhut-miâ--ê, pí-lūn N̂g Chùn-hiông pò·-tē-hì, sǹg-sī Tâi-ôan **tiān-sī pò·-tē-hì** ê tāi-piáu, i ê piáu-ián gē-su̍t kah gí-giân hong-keh ū chin-kôan ê chúi-chún. Pò·-tē-hì tī Tâi-ôan sīm-chí hoat-tián chiâⁿ-chòe 1-khóan liû-hêng bûn-hòa.\n\nIú-koan pò·-tē-hì ê kì-chài\n---------------------------\n\nPò·-tē-hì, tī Tiong-kok bîn-kan, mā kiò-chòe **chhiú-tiong ka-lé**, i ê le̍k-sú hàm-hàm kú-tn̂g. Kin-kù *Bú-lîm kū-sū* kah *Tang-kiaⁿ bāng-hôa-lio̍k* ê kì-chài, Tiong-kok Sòng-tāi ê sî to̍h í-keng ū pò·-tē-hì ê piáu-ián chhut-hiān tī kiong-têng iàn-hōe tang-tiong.\n\nBân-lâm pò·-tē-hì siāng-chá chhut-hiān tī Bêng-tiâu Ka-chēng ê sî-tāi. Thôan-soat kóng, Chôan-chiu siù-châi **Niû Péng-lân** (梁炳鳞), in-ûi khó kong-bêng bô-tiâu, sim-chêng ut-chut, ū 1-kang i chio pêng-iú tàu-tìn khì Chôan-chiu Khai-gôan-si thiu-chhiam pak-kòa, siòng-miā-sian tī i ê chhiú-chiúⁿ siá liáu 5-ê jī **kong-bêng chāi chiáng-tiong**. Lái kóng chit-ê Niû--sian-si chêng ùi Khai-gôan-sī tò-tńg-lâi liáu-āu, mā m̄-bat koh khó-tio̍h kong-bêng, i khòaⁿ-phòa liû-liōng tī ke-thâu-hāng-bóe, kóng-kó· tō· ji̍t-chí, in-ūi kiaⁿ kiàn-siàu, thiau-kang iōng 1-tè pò·-lî-á (布帘仔) lia̍h bīn, bô ài hō·-lâng jīn chhut i lâi, i chú-ngó· kái-soeh kóng che hō-chòe **keh lî-á kóng-kó·**. Ū 1-ji̍t, 1-ê lāng ka-lé-hì ê sai-hū mā lâi thiaⁿ **Niû siù-châi** kóng-kó·. Chit-ê lāng ka-lé-ang-á ê sai-hū kám-kak **Niû siù-châi** kóng-kó· kóng liáu chin-chiàⁿ chán, iu-kî gí-giân chhù-bī koh kho̍k-khe (chhiò-khoe), kò·-sū kóng-kah khiā-chin-khiā-hiān. Liáu-āu, chit-ê **ka-lé-sai** chôaⁿ kiàn-gī **Niû siù-châi** kóng-kó· ê sî to̍h-ài chhiú theh ka-lé-ang-á, ná kóng ná lāng, pēng-chhiáⁿ kà i lāng ka-lé-ang-á ê phiat-pō·. Che í-āu, tī Bân-lâm tē-khu to̍h ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á chhut-hiān chit-chióng **chhiú-tiong ka-lé-hì**, in-ūi ka-lé-ang-á ê sin-khu sī iōng pò· chò ê **lâng-á-pak**, chhin-chhiūⁿ pò·-tē, chāi-tōe ê peh-sèⁿ chôaⁿ kā i hō·-chòe **pò·-tē-hì**. \n\nPut-jî-kò lēng-gōa koh ū chi̍t-chióng kóng-hoat, kóng he sī in-ūi piáu-ián ê ke-si-thâu-á chin kan-tan, kan-ta ū 1-kha pò·-tē to̍h ē-tàng sì-kè khì piáu-ián, só· í kiò-chòe **pò·-tē-hì**. \n　 \nBûn-jī kì-chài kóng, pò·-tē-hì khai-sí tī Chôan-chiu chit-ê só·-chāi sî-kiâⁿ--khí-lâi, chha-put-to sī tī Chheng-tiâu Khiân-liông ê sî-tāi. tī Chheng-tāi, Chôan-chiu-hú kóan-ha̍t chi-hā ê 5-ê kōan lóng-ū choan-tê leh lāng pò·-tē-hì thàn-chia̍h ê ka-cho̍k.\n\nPò·-tē-hì ê phài-hē\n-------------------\n\nKó·-chá lâng kóng, pò·-tē-hì tāi-seng chhut-hiān tī Chôan-chiu-hú 5-ê kōan, lō·-bóe chiah-koh thôan kàu Chiang-chiu-hú chit kak-sì, tio̍k-chiām hêng-sêng 2-ê bô-siâng ê phài-pia̍t. Chóng--ê lâi kóng, Chôan-chiu ê pò·-tē-hì hō·-lâng kiò-chòe **lâm-phài**, Chiang-chiu ê pò·-tē-hì hō-chò **pak-phài**. Lâm-phài ê piáu-ián sī mô·-hóng Chôan-chiu chāi-tē ê ka-lé-hì, iōng chéng-thâu-á lāng, che to̍h-sī **ka-lé chiúⁿ-tiong pan**, lēng-gōa nā-sī mô·-hóng lê-hn̂g-hì piáu-ián--ê, kiò-chòe **lê-hn̂g-chiúⁿ**. Pak-phái ê piáu-ián hong-sek chú-iàu sī mô·-hóng Kiaⁿ-kio̍k, só·-í lâng kiò-chòe **kiaⁿ-pan-thé**.\n\nGōa-pō·-thâu ê liân-kiat\n------------------------\n\n* Se-tiân-siā pò·-tē-hì ki-kim-hōe Archived 2005-01-26 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Tiông-heng-keh Pò·-tē-hì kio̍k-thôan","meta":{"title":"Pò͘-tē-hì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[113,3279,0.03446172613601708],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3882}} -{"text":"Ludwik Zamenhof\n**Esperanto**, mā thang hoan-e̍k chò **Sè-kài-gí** (世界語), sī sè-kài siōng siāng-kài chōe lâng sú-iōng ê jîn-kang gú-giân, Polska gán-kho i-seng L. L. Zamenhof thong-kòe 10 gōa nî ê gián-kiù chhòng-chok, tī kong-gôan 1887 nî chèng-sek kiàn-lı̍p chit-chióng gí-giân ê ki-chhó· (chham-khó Esperanto ê le̍k-sú). I ê bo̍k-tek sī siūⁿ-beh iōng 1-chióng kán-tan iū-koh iông-ī o̍h ê gí-giân lâi chò-ûi kok-chè hú-chō· gí-giân. Chit-chióng gí-giân tùi sè-kài múi-1-ê lâng lâi kóng, lóng sī tē-jī gí-giân, m̄-sī beh iōng-lâi tāi-thè jīm-hô 1-chióng chū-jiân gú-giân, kàu-kah hiān-chú-sî, tōa-to-sò· Esperanto sú-iōng-chiá lóng-sī phāu-chhî chit-chióng ê lí-liām, in sú-iōng Esperanto ê bo̍k-tek, chí-sī siūⁿ-beh kah gōa-kok-lâng chò kau-liû, he̍k-chiá liáu-kái kî-thaⁿ kok-ka kah bûn-hòa. Hiān-chú-sî, sè-kài siōng ū chiok-chē chiok-chē ê lâng teh sú-iōng Esperanto. \n\nHām kî-thaⁿ ê bîn-cho̍k gí-giân sio-pí, Esperanto ē-sái kóng sī 1-chióng siōng-kài iông-ī ha̍k-sı̍p ê gōa-gí, iû-kî pí hià-ê chûn-chāi chin-chē bô kui-chek hiān-siōng ê gí-giân, he̍k-chiá hui-piáu-im (非表音) gí-giân hó o̍h chin-chōe, pí-lūn Eng-gí, Hoat-gí, Hàn-gí. Ū chèng-kì piáu-bêng, seng ha̍k-sı̍p Esperanto, tùi jı̍t-āu ha̍k-sı̍p kî-thaⁿ ê gōa-gí (iû-kî sī Ìn-tō·-Europa gí-hē) pang-chō· chin-tōa. \n\nBí-kok Washington Tāi-hak Sidney S. Culbert phok-sū thong-kòe gián-kiù, jīn-ûi sè-kài siōng lóng-chóng ū 1,600,000 lâng ê Esperanto ta̍t-kàu hàm-hàm kôan ê chúi-pêng. Sè-kài jîn-kháu tang-tiong chha-put-to 0.03% ê lâng sú-iōng Esperanto, sò·-liōng m̄-sī chin-chōe. In-ūi chióng-chióng ê gôan-in, Esperanto mā siū-tio̍h chin-chōe ê phoe-phêng, te̍k-pia̍t sī kî-thaⁿ hú-chō· gí-giân thôan-thé ê phoe-phêng. \n\nEsperanto ū 6-ê tài hù-ka-hû-hō ê jī-bó: ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ kah ŭ, ē-kha ê jī-bó toaⁿ bô pau-hâm ê jī-bó sī: q, w, x, kah y. \n\nEsperanto jī-bó toaⁿ:\n\n| | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **Aa** | **Bb** | **Cc** | **Ĉĉ** | **Dd** | **Ee** | **Ff** |\n| [a] | [b] | [ts] | [ʧ] | [d] | [e] | [f] |\n| **Gg** | **Ĝĝ** | **Hh** | **Ĥĥ** | **Ii** | **Jj** | **Ĵĵ** |\n| [g] | [ʤ] | [h] | [x] | [i] | [j] | [ʒ] |\n| **Kk** | **Ll** | **Mm** | **Nn** | **Oo** | **Pp** | **Rr** |\n| [k] | [l] | [m] | [n] | [o,ɔ] | [p] | [r] |\n| **Ss** | **Ŝŝ** | **Tt** | **Uu** | **Ŭŭ** | **Vv** | **Zz** |\n| [s] | [ʃ] | [t] | [u] | [w] | [v] | [z] |\n\nPêng-iú mā ē-tàng chham-khó gōa-pō· ê liân-kiat Evertype ê Sè-kài-gí jī-bú-pió. \n\n**Chù-ì**： \n\n1. **R r** sī 1-ê chùn-im (颤音).\n2. **Ĉĉ, Ĝĝ, Ĥĥ, Ĵĵ, Ŝŝ, Ŭŭ** ū-sî ūi-tio̍h ìn-soat ê lī-piān, ē-sái hun-pia̍t iōng \"ch, gh, hh, jh, sh, uh \"he̍k-chiá iōng \"cx, gx, hx, jx, sx, ux \"lâi thè-tāi.\n3. Im-chiat ê ōe-hun: gôan-im (元音) ē-sái tan-to̍k kò·-sêng im-chiat, ah hú-im (辅音) pit-su kah gôan-im tàu chò-hóe chiah ē-tāng chó·-sêng ôan-chéng ê im-chiat. Ká-sú 2-ê gôan-im tiong-kan bô hú-im, to̍h tùi in-ê tiong-ng pun—khui, pí-lūn-kóng: \"mia \"pun chò 2-ê im-chiat \"mi \"kah \"a \". Esperanto bô ho̍k-ha̍p gôan-im. Ká-sú 2-ê gôan-im tiong-kan ê hú-im sò·-bo̍k sī khia-sò·, nā-án-ne, āu-piah ê gôan-im só·-chāi ê im-chiat to̍h-ài ke hun-phòe 1-ê hú-im, ah nā-sī 2-ê gôan-im tiong-kan hú-im ê sò·-bo̍k sī siang-sò·, nā-án-ne, chit-2-ê gôan-im hun-phòe ê hú-im sò·-bo̍k pêⁿ-pêⁿ-chōe.\n4. Tāng-im (重音): Esperanto tan-sû ê tāng-im tī bóe-á-tē-jī ê im-chiat, tan-im-chiat ê sû bô tāng-im.\n\n2003 nî 4 ge̍h, Esperanto pán-pún chiâⁿ-chòe Wikipedia ê tē-6 tōa gí-giân pán-pún. Hiān-sî í-keng ū chhiau-kòe 5000-phiⁿ ê bûn-chiuⁿ.\n\nSiong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* Tâi-oân ESP Hia̍p-hōe\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\nWikipedia\nWikipedia ū ***Esperanto*** ê pán-pún.\n\n Wikibooks ū koan-hē **Esperanto** ê kàu-châi kap soat-bêng-su.\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Esperanto*** |\n\n* Wikipedia ê Esperanto pán-pún\n* a,b,c, Esperanto (www.lernu.net/ lernu!) - bián-chîⁿ ê chiàⁿ-thé Tiong-bûn chham kán-thé Tiong-bûn pán ê Esperanto khò-thêng, koh ū kî-thaⁿ 10-gōa-chióng gí-giân ê pán-pún.\n* Esperanto.net - chhiau-kòe 55 chióng gí-giân ê Esperanto chu-sìn.\n* Esperanto: Hō͘ Tē-kiû-chhoan ê 1 chióng gí-giân - chok-chiá Sylvan Zaft, Eng-bûn\n* Learn Not To Speak Esperanto - Phoe-phêng Esperanto (chok-chiá Justin Rye, Eng-bûn)\n* Free Esperanto Course - Eng-bûn\n* 绿网\n* 中国世界语论坛\n* 世界语入门15讲\n* 中国世界语聊天室\n* 中国世界语信息网\n* 绿洲世界语论坛\n* Diskutgrupo \"Ni parolas Esperante\"","meta":{"title":"Esperanto","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1617,3805,0.4249671484888305],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4866}} -{"text":"**Graphite** sī 1-thò jī-hêng oē-chè ê ki-su̍t. 1997 nî SIL International khai-sí hoat-tián chit-ê ki-su̍t. Graphite ê bo̍k-tek sī beh siat-kè 1-thò sek-ha̍p chhú-lí kap hián-sī bûn-jī hē-thóng tiong su-iàu ê ho̍k-cha̍p hêng-ûi, pí-lūn kóng (lē):\n\n* Liân-jī\n* Cho͘-ha̍p phiat-im hû-hō\n* t.t.\n\nTī 2002 nî, SIL International siat-kè chhut Graphite ki-su̍t ê goân-sú thêng-sū. Graphite kái-chò 1-ê chū-iû/khai-hòng nńg-thé kè-oē. Miâ-kiò **SILGraphite**.\n\nSILA Archived 2012-10-20 at the Wayback Machine. sī 1 ê chhì-giām-sèng ê Mozilla liû-lám-khì, ū châi-tiāu lī-iōng Graphite ê oē-chè gí-giân (Graphite Description Language) hián-sī chhut ho̍k-cha̍p ê bûn-jī.\n\nChi-gôan Graphite jī-hêng ki-su̍t ê nńg-thé\n-------------------------------------------\n\n* Chi-gôan Graphite2 ê Firefox kap Thunderbird (Windows, OS X kap Linux pán)\n* Chi-gôan SILGraphite ê Apache OpenOffice (Windows, Linux pán)\n* Chi-gôan SILGraphite ê LibreOffice (Windows, OS X kap Linux pán)\n* Chi-gôan Graphite2 ê XeTeX (Windows, OS X kap Linux pán)\n\nChi-gôan SILGraphite jī-hêng ki-su̍t ê jī-hêng\n----------------------------------------------\n\n* Adinatha Tamil Brahmi\n* Abyssinica SIL\n* Andika\n* Annapurna\n* Charis SIL\n* Dai Banna SIL Book\n* Dai Banna SIL Light\n* Doulos SIL\n* Fedorovsk Unicode\n* FreeSerifTW\n* Gentium Plus\n* Krishna Tamil\n* Linux Libertine G\n* Menaion Unicode\n* Miao Unicode\n* Monomakh Unicode\n* Padauk\n* Ponomar Unicode\n* Scheherazade\n* Sophia Nubian\n* Tuladha Jejeg\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* SIL ê Graphite bāng-ia̍h\n* Sourceforge téng ê SILGraphite thaû-ia̍h\n* Palaso Projects téng ê Graphite2 thaû-ia̍h Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Graphite","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[662,1365,0.484981684981685],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1760}} -{"text":"\n**Melvin Jerome** \"**Mel**\" **Blanc** (1908 nî 5 goe̍h 30 ji̍t – 1989 nî 7 goe̍h 10 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê siaⁿ-im ián-oân, ián-oân, chhiò-khoe gē-jîn kiam lio̍k-im-su. I tāi-seng sī chò la-jí-oh piáu-ián, tè-bé tâu ji̍p tōng-ōe kak-sek ê phòe-im.\n\nI phòe-im ê tùi-siòng pau-koat ū Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Tweety Bird, Sylvester the Cat, Yosemite Sam, Foghorn Leghorn, Marvin the Martian, Pepé Le Pew, Speedy Gonzales, Wile E. Coyote, Road Runner, Tasmanian Devil téng sio̍k *Looney Tunes* kiam *Merrie Melodies* hē-lia̍t ê jîn-bu̍t. Ē-tàng kóng sī chha-put-to só͘-ū Warner Bros. chhut-phín cartoon ê chú-iàu kak-sek thâu chi̍t tāi phòe-im-chiá.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Arthur Q. Bryan\n* Bí-kok tōng-ōe ê n̂g-kim sî-tāi\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 51886599\n* LCCN: n79059536\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 6310 3008\n* GND: 118859781\n* SUDOC: 079415105\n* BNF: cb14008976c (data)\n* MusicBrainz: 9d235478-e372-46c4-ba80-ea51efff658c\n* BNE: XX4421606\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Mel Blanc","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[241,837,0.28793309438470727],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1095}} -{"text":"\n**Hông Tîng-kian** (hàn-gú: 黃庭堅; 1045-nî — 1105-nî; **N̂g Tîng-kian**), jī Lóo-ti̍k (魯直), hō San-kok tō-jîn (山谷道人), Ū-tsiong sian-sinn (豫章先生), buán hō Hiû-Ong (涪翁), Tiong-kok Kang-se Hông-tsiu Hun-lîng (kin-á-ji̍t ê Kang-se Kiú-kang tshī Siu-tsuí kuān) ê jîn-sū; iah tsū-tshing uî Lâm-tshiong jîn (南昌人). Pak-Sòng si-jîn, suh-uat ka, Kang-se si-phài tsóo-su. Su-huat mā ē-tàng ka-kī tsiânn-tsò tsi̍t-khuànn hong-keh, uî Sòng-tāi sù-ka tsi-it. Tîng-kian tok-sìn Hu̍t-kàu; iah bōo-sìn Tō-kàu, hōng-thāi pē-bió put-tsí-á hàu-sūn, sui-jiân teh tsò-kuann, khiok tshin-tsū uī sī-tuā-lâng sé-tn̄g piān-khì, mā sī 24 hàu tsi-it. Hông Tîng-kian kah Tiong Luē (張耒), Tiâu Póo-tsi (晁補之), Tsîn Kuan (秦觀) tsiah-ê lâng lóng pat teh Soo Sik (蘇軾) ê mn̂g-hā ha̍k-si̍p; pīng-tshiánn lóng hông kiò-tsò Soo mn̂g sù ha̍k-sū (蘇門四學士). It-sing hām-ji̍p (陷入) Sin-kū tóng-tsing (新舊黨爭), hōo Sin tóng (新黨) bû-hāi (誣害), liû-hòng (流放), tsò-kuann tsò-kàu Ti-tsiu (知州). Siāu-hing tshoo-nî, Sòng Ko-tsong (宋高宗) tui-hong i tsò Thài-su (太師), Liông-tôo kok (龍圖閣) Ti̍k ha̍k-sū (直學士), ik (謚) Bûn-tsiat (文節)。\n\nHông Tîng-kian ê tsok-phín\n--------------------------\n\n* \n* \n* \n*\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"求新求变与道教传统——以黄庭坚为例对江西诗派诗趣追求的个案研究\". Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2021-03-13. 2013-03-02 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Guân-iū tóng-tsi̍k pi (元祐黨籍碑)\n* Sin-kū tóng-tsing (新舊黨爭)\n* Kang-se si phài (江西詩派)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 浅见洋二：黄庭坚诗注的形成与黄膋《山谷年谱》Archived 2021-01-08 at the Wayback Machine. (Hàn-gí)\n* 高桥幸吉：金末元初文人论黄庭坚Archived 2021-01-08 at the Wayback Machine. (Hàn-gí)\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 37708306\n* LCCN: n81014386\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 8117 1629\n* GND: 118553984\n* SELIBR: 301060\n* SUDOC: 075145138\n* BNF: cb16697881m (data)\n* ULAN: 500319755\n* NLA: 36603510\n* NDL: 00315312\n* NKC: jx20080119001\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Hông Têng-kian","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[797,1924,0.41424116424116425],"infobox":["
    Hông Tîng-kian
    \n
    (黃庭堅)
    \n
    Hông Tîng-kian.
    Tshut-sì\n1045-nî 8-gue̍h tshe 9
    Tiong-kok Kang-se Siu-tsuí kuān
    Kuè-sin\n1105 nî 05 goe̍h 24 ji̍t (59 hòe)
    Tiong-kok Kńg-se Tshong-lâm kuān
    Tsit-gia̍p\nSu-huat-ka, uē-ka, si-jîn
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2155}} -{"text":"**Gôo Tsong-sìn** (hàn-gí: 吳宗信; 1964-nî -), tâi-uân kho-ha̍k-ka, kok-li̍p kau-thong tāi-ha̍k ki-hāi (Machine) hē ti̍k-phìng kàu-siū (professor). I-e̊ tsuan-tióng (profession) sī \"hi-po̍k khì-thé tōng-li̍k ha̍k (kinetic theory of gases) bôo-gí (simulation)\" (稀薄氣體動力學模擬), hué-tsìñ thui-tsìn (thrust) jiân-sio, hué-tsìñ hē-thóng tsíng-ha̍p, plasma (Plasma (physics)) i-ha̍k, plasma lông-gia̍p, pîng-hîng kè-sǹg (parallel computing) tt.\n\nSing-pîng\n---------\n\n1964 nî teh Tâi-lâm tshut-sì, 1995-nî līm-tsit kok-ka thài-khong tiong-sim, 1996-nî iā bat thui-hîng 5% tâi-i̍k kè-uē (5%台譯計畫) thui-kóng ho̍h-ló-uē tâi-gí, kheh-ka tâi-gí bûn-jī hēn-tāi-hua (Modernization theory). Mā-bat tsham-ú (civic engagement) Tâi-uân kuan-hong ê Hapith kè-uē (Hapith Project) gén-kiù hué-tsìñ líng-i̍k. 2012-nî tshòng-siet kok-li̍p kau-thong tāi-ha̍k tsiân-tsiam hué-tsìñ gián-kiù tiong-sim (Advanced Rocket Research Center (ARRC)).\n\nI mā-sī gōo-gue̍h-thiñ 2016-nî im-ga̍k tsuan-tsi̍p (album) tsū-tuān (自傳 (五月天專輯)) lāi-té kua-khik \"guân-kòo (頑固)\" ê MV (音樂錄影帶) kòo-sū tsú-kak (protagonist) tsi guân-hîng (archetype) lîn-bu̍t.\n\nGôo tsong-sìn, 2021-nî 8-gue̍h tshe-it tsiap-tsióng kok-ka thài-khong tiong-sim tsú-līm it-tsit. I piáu-sī: ǹg-bāng Tâi-uân ē-sái huat-tén (economic development) thài-khong king-tsè, thài-khong sán-gia̍p mn̂g-khám kuân, hù-ka kè-ta̍t (economic value added) kuân, ū ki-huē (opportunity cost) sîng-uî līng-guā tsi̍t-tsō hōo-kok sîn-suañ.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 商品,\"5%台譯計畫(7本/套)\",教會公報社網路書房,2019. (Hàn-gí)\n2. ↑ 文／李雪莉　攝影／吳逸驊 (2016-01-28). \"吳宗信：仰望星空的火箭人\". 報導者.  (Hàn-gí)\n3. ↑ \"《非常人語》田庄阿伯上太空　吳宗信\". 壹週刊(臺灣). 2016-04-07.  (Hàn-gí)\n4. ↑ 沈孟學 (2015-03-31). \"專訪 ARRC 吳宗信：台灣早有能力上太空，卻因「沒有決心」輸了韓國 Posted on\". TechOrange 科技報橘.  (Hàn-gí)\n5. ↑ 中央社 記者蘇思云台北26日電,\"火箭阿伯吳宗信：太空產業有機會成為護國神山\",經濟日報,2021-01-26;19:30. (Hàn-gí)\n6. ↑ 作者 中央社,\"\"火箭阿伯吳宗信，擬於 8/1 接掌國家太空中心主任,TechNews科技新報,2021-01-26;10:30. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Liông-chú ián-sǹg hoat (Liông-tsú én-sǹg huat; eng-gí: quantum algorithm; hàn-gí: 量子演算法)\n* Hūn-ha̍p-sek hóe-chìⁿ [en] (Hūn-ha̽p-sik hué-tsìñ/Hybrid-propellant rocket)\n* Tiong-kok bîn-iōng hâng-khong kio̍k [en] (Tiong-kok bîn-iōng hâng-khong kio̽k/Civil Aviation Administration of China)\n* Soân-sí khong-kan [en] (旋矢空間/suân-sí khong-kan/陀螺矢量空間/Kan-lo̽k sí-liōng khong-kan/陀螺向量空間/Kan-lo̽k hiòng-liōng khong-kan)\n* Planet Labs [en]\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* YouTube YouTube téng ê **Mayday五月天[頑固Tough]** ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ(Official Music Video) (Hàn-gí)\n* 交通大學機械系-吳宗信簡介、吳宗信個人網站 (Hàn-gí)\n* YouTube YouTube téng ê **台灣本土火箭 要讓太空旅行夢想成真(吳宗信在TEDxTaipei演講)** ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ (Bân-lâm-gú)\n* 完全MIT！火箭阿伯吳宗信：西拉雅火箭最快2026上太空\n\n \n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* ORCID: 0000-0003-3764-9690\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Gô͘ Chong-sìn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1309,2743,0.4772147283995625],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3218}} -{"text":"Canada ê Rideau Khe.\n**Khe/Khoe** (溪) iā-sī **chhoan** (川), sī seⁿ-sêng tī tē-chiūⁿ, iân kò͘-tēng ê lō·-sòaⁿ teh lâu ê chiáⁿ-chúi. Nā khah toā tiâu lâi kóng, tō tiāⁿ hō-chò **kang** (**kang-chúi**) ia̍h **hô**. Khe teh kiâⁿ ê chúi-lō͘ ê ē-té, hō-chò káng-té-tē, nā chúi-lō͘ 2-pêng khah-kôan--khí-lâi ê só͘-chāi, hō-chò khe-hōaⁿ. Khe sù-siông sī ùi soaⁿ-lūn, soaⁿ-thâu, kôan-soaⁿ téng-téng khah-kôan ê só͘-chāi hoat-chó͘--ê. Khe siōng-bóe--ā nā m̄-sī lâu ji̍p-khì 1-ê ô͘, lēng-gōa 1-tiâu koh-khah-tōa ê hô, bô tō-sī lâu ji̍p tōa-hái. Khe--ni̍h ê chúi ē kiâⁿ sī in-ūi tē-kiû pún-sin ê tāng-le̍k teh éng-hióng, hō͘ chúi ti̍t-ti̍t ǹg khah-kē ê só·-chāi khì.\n\nKhe lāi-té ê chúi bô iâm-hūn, sī chiáⁿ--ê, in-ūi chit-ê in-toaⁿ, tōng-bu̍t kap si̍t-bu̍t lóng chin ài óa-kīn khe. Jîn-lūi mā kah-ì tòa tī khe-piⁿ, m̄-nā ū chúi lâi chia̍h lâi ēng, koh thang tī khe--ni̍h kiâⁿ-chûn lâi sàng-hòe chài lâng.\n\nKhe ê hō-miâ\n------------\n\nTī Bân-lâm-lâng ia̍h-sī Hok-kiàn-lâng tòa ê só͘-chāi, \"khe\" kap \"kang\" chit 2-jī khah chia̍p teh ēng, \"kang\" sī chāi-tē ê té-chân gí-giân (底層語言), ah \"khe\" sī chāi-tē ê piáu-chân gí-giân (表層語言). Kin-kì gián-kiù thóng-kè 490-tiâu hun-pò͘ tī Hok-kiàn kap Kńg-tang ê khe, hoat-hiān ū 73% sī ēng \"khe\" hō-miâ, 17.5% ēng \"hô\", 7.05% ēng \"kang\". Nā tan-sûn kè-sǹg Bân-lâm-lâng hun-pò͘ ê só͘-chāi, ū 90% ēng \"khe\", 5.6% ēng \"kang\", 4% ēng \"hô\".\n\nIōng lâi piáu-ta̍t khe chit-ê kài-liām ê jī tû-liáu \"khe\" (溪) pún-sin í-gōa, koh ū \"chúi\" (水), \"kang\" (江), \"hô\" (河), \"chhoan\" (川) téng-téng. \"Kang\" mā sī kó͘-chá Tn̂g-kang ê miâ; \"hô\" sī kó͘-chá N̂g-hô ê miâ. It-poaⁿ kóng-khí, sè-tiâu ê chúi-liû hō-chò \"khe\" khah chē, m̄-koh bô it-tēng ê piau-chún.\n\nTī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn, tōa-tiâu ê hô It-poaⁿ hō-chò \"kang\", chhin-chhiūⁿ Bân-kang kap Chìn-kang, sè-tiâu hō-chò \"khe\", chhin-chhiūⁿ Kiàn-khe.\n\nTī Tâi-ôan, tōa-hūn ê hô lóng-sī hō-chò \"khe\", chhin-chhiūⁿ Ko-pîn-khe, chió-sò͘ hō-chò \"hô\", chhin-chhiūⁿ Ke-lâng-hô ia̍h Tām-chúi-hô. Siū Ji̍p-pún thóng-tī ê éng-hióng, Tâi-ôan mā-ū chi̍t-kóa hô hōng kiò chò \"chhoan\", chhin-chhiūⁿ Tâi-tiong ê Le̍k-chhoan, ia̍h-sī Ko-hiông ê Ko-hiông-chhoan (hiān-chāi ê Ài-hô).\n\nSiong-koan ê bûn-chiong\n-----------------------\n\n* Sió-khe\n* Ūn-hô\n* Chúi-kau\n\nWi fi\n\n\n\n1. ↑ Kheh, Bân cho̍k-kûn tùi hô-liû thong-miâ chi iōng-hoat chha-ī","meta":{"title":"Khe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[81,2187,0.037037037037037035],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2611}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Sat-ba̍k-hî |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Actinopterygii |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Gonorynchiformes |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | **Chanidae** |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | ***Chanos*** |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***C. chanos*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Chanos chanos***(Forsskål, 1775) |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Sat-ba̍k-hî** (Hàn-jī: 虱目魚), mā kóng **sat-ba̍k-á**, sī Tang-lâm-a tē-khu tiōng-iàu ê chi̍t-chióng si̍t-iōng-hî. In hî-sin siōng-tn̂g ē-sài kàu 1.7 kong-chhioh tn̂g. M̄-koh, tōa-pō͘-hūn tn̂g chi̍t kong-chhioh chó-iū. In bô chhùi-khí, chia̍h chó-lūi kap bô kha-chhiah-kut ê tōng-bu̍t (*invertebrates*).\n\nSat-ba̍k-hî sī jia̍t-tāi kiâm-chúi-hî (??). Tī Thài-pêng-iûⁿ kap Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ lóng ū. Tâi-ôan chhī sat-ba̍k-hî ū saⁿ-pah nî í-siōng ê le̍k-sú. Hiān-chhú-sî chú-iàu chhī tī Hûn-lîm Gî-lân ê chiáⁿ-chúi hî-ùn kap kiâm-chúi hî-ùn.\n\nSat-ba̍k-hî ê Ji̍t-pún miâ o̍h Hō-ló im tha̍k *sabahî* (サバヒー).\n\nSòaⁿ-téng chu-gôan\n------------------\n\n* Archived 2007-11-07 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Sat-ba̍k-hî","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[219,829,0.26417370325693607],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1184}} -{"text":"\n***Sió-eng ê Kò·-sū*** sī 1970 nî-tāi ê 1 chhut tiān-sī báng-gah iáⁿ-chi̍p. Kò·-sū kin-kì Hector Malot 1893 nî ê siáu-soat *Ko·-lí Nó·-le̍k Kì* (Hoat-gí: *En Famille*) kái-pian oân-sêng ê.\n\nHòng-sàng-sú\n------------\n\nGoân-pán sī Ji̍t-pún Zuiyô Khì-gia̍p Kong-si (āu--lâi ê Ji̍t-puń Tōng-oē) chhut-phín ê *Perînu Thoân-kî* (ペリーヌ物語). Che tī 1978 nî (1-goe̍h 1) khai-sí tī Ji̍t-pún ê tiān-sī-tâi hòng-sàng, kàu-kah 12-goe̍h 31 kiat-sok, lóng-chóng poaⁿ 53 chi̍p.\n\nTâi-oân ê Tâi-sī tùi 1979 nî (7-goe̍h 2) khai-sí hòng-sàng (tng-nî 9-goe̍h 4 kiat-sok), miâ iōng *小英的故事*; 1981 nî, 86 nî koh-chài têng hòng-sàng. Chû-chè-tōa-ài tī 1999 nî koh poaⁿ 1 pái, m̄-koh ū têng phoè-im--kòe, jîn-bu̍t mā ū kái-miâ.\n\nJîn-bu̍t kah kò·-sū\n-------------------\n\n### Ke̍k-chêng\n\nIáⁿ-chi̍p biô-siá 1-ūi siàu-lí Sió-eng kiâⁿ hn̄g-lō· khì kàu Hoat-kok chhōe a-kong sio-jīn ê kò·-sū. I sí lāu-pē liáu-āu, i hām a-bú kah 1 chiah n̂g-sek káu-á chē lî-á-chhia chiūⁿ-lō·. Iá-bē kàu-ūi chìn-chêng a-bú soah lâi kòe-sin, i hoan-hù Sió-eng kóng, i tiāⁿ-tio̍h tán a-kong chū-goān jīn--i chiah hó kong-khai i ê sin-hūn.\n\n### Jîn-bu̍t\n\n* Sió-eng (Jit-gí: ペリーヌ, Hoat-gí: Perrine)\n* Sió-eng ê a-bú (マリ, Marie)\n* Sió-n̂g (バロン): Sió-eng ê káu-á\n* Pe̍h Táng-sū-tiúⁿ (ビルフラン, Vulfran Paindavoine): Sió-eng ê a-kong\n* Ha-ko (哈哥, パリカール, Palikare): 1-chiah sí-tiong ê lî-á\n\nTâi-oân pán\n-----------\n\nTâi-sī ê pán-pún tî-liáu phòe-im í-gōa, mā ū tēng-chò 1 tè chú-tê-koa, koa-sû chok-chiá sī \"Kong-bêng\", chok-khek-chiá sī Tân Khèng-hong (陳慶鋒). Chit ê pán-pún ê Hôa-gí phòe-im bó-tòa-á thiaⁿ-kóng siū-tio̍h 2001 nî ê Nari Hong-thai phò-hāi. Ah Chû-chè-tōa-ài-tâi tī 1999 nî ê pán-pún sī sin pán ê phòe-im. Lâng-miâ kah chú-tê-koa ê koa-sû ū sió-khoá bô kâng. \"Siau-sit ê Siaⁿ-im\" chit ê bāng-chām jīn-ûi kóng, che kiám-chhái sī in-ūi phoè-im ê lâng bô goân kha-pún chiah ē án-ne-siⁿ.\n\nGōa-pō· ê liân-kiat\n-------------------\n\n* Siau-sit ê Siaⁿ-im Archived 2004-09-12 at the Wayback Machine.\n* DVD kong-si ê chu-liāu Archived 2004-10-25 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Sió-eng ê Kò͘-sū","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[344,1897,0.18133895624670532],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2306}} -{"text":"Kim Stanley Robinson chhut-hiān tī tē 63 kài ê Sè-kài Kho-hoàn Siáu-soat Tāi-hoē, Glasgow, 2005 nî\n**Kim Stanley Robinson** (1952 nî 3 goe̍h 23 ji̍t chhut-sì ), Bí-kok kho-hoàn siáu-soat chok-ka. Siōng ū miâ-siaⁿ ê chok-phín sī i ê Hoé-chheⁿ saⁿ-pō͘-khek. I ê tù-chok chhiâng-chāi thàm-thó seng-thài, siā-hoē-ha̍k, keng-chè/siā-hoē kong-gī hong-bīn ê gī-tê.\n\nI ê *Âng Hoé-chheⁿ* tit tio̍h 1993 nî ê Nebula Siúⁿ kap British SF Siúⁿ. Keh-tńg-nî *Chheⁿ Hoé-chheⁿ* oân-ná tit tio̍h Hugo Siúⁿ kap Locus Siúⁿ. *Nâ Hoé-chheⁿ* tī 1997 nî tit tio̍h kāng 2 ê chióng.\n\nToān-kì\n-------\n\nRobinson seⁿ tī Illinois Waukegan hit-tah-á. 1974 nî the̍h tio̍h Ka-chiu Tāi-ha̍k San Diego hun-hāu ê bûn-ha̍k ha̍k-sū ha̍k-ūi. 1975 nî soà-chiap tùi Boston Tāi-ha̍k the̍h tio̍h Eng-bûn sek-sū ê ha̍k-ūi. 1982 nî koh-chài ùi Ka-chiu Tāi-ha̍k San Diego hun-hāu the̍h tio̍h Eng-bûn phok-sū ha̍k-ūi. Lūn-bûn siá Philip K. Dick ê siáu-soat (1984 nî chhut-pán).\n\nI ê khan-chhiú Lisa Howland Nowell sī 1 ê khoân-kéng hoà-ha̍k-ka. In ū 2 ê cha-po͘ kiáⁿ. I bat toà koè Ka-chiu, Washiongton, DC, Sūi-se. Hiān-chú-sî toà Ka-chiu Davis.\n\nChú-tê\n------\n\nRobinson ê chok-phín piáu-hiān chhut hām kho-hoàn-siáu-soat-kài sî-kiâⁿ ê chū-iû-chì-siōng-chú-gī (*libertarianism*) bô siâng ê só͘-chāi.\n\n### Seng-thài soà-chiap-sèng\n\nRobinson ê tn̂g-phiⁿ siáu-soat chha-put-to ta̍k phiⁿ to ū lūn tio̍h seng-thài ê gī-tê. Pí-lūn Orange County saⁿ-pō͘-khek thàm-thó ki-su̍t hām chū-jiân chi-kan ê hō͘-tōng kap î-chhî chiâu-ûn ê iàu-kín. Tī Hoé-chheⁿ saⁿ-pō͘-khek lāi-bīn, siā-hoē siōng toā ê pit-sûn sī tùi hoé-chheⁿ tē-kiû-hoà ê khoàⁿ-hoat. Tàu-té hoé-chheⁿ pha-hng ê thó͘-tē kám ē-pí-tit Tē-kiû oa̍h-liu-liu ê seng-thài-chân (*ecosphere*), ta̍t-tit lâng pó-chûn? Che sī koan-kiān būn-tê. *Zodiac* kap *Forty Signs of Rain* chit 2 pún siáu-soat thiat-té sī koan-sim seng-thài-chú-gī ê chok-phín, kî-tiong *Forty Signs of Rain* ê chú-tê sī choân-kiû sio-lo̍h-hoà.\n\n### Keng-chè kong-gī\n\nRobinson ê chok-phín sî-siông thàm-thó āu-chu-pún-chú-gī ê khó-lêng-sèng. Tī Hoé-chheⁿ saⁿ-pō͘-khek ê sè-kài, Tē-kiû ê chu-pún keng-chè hē-thóng í-keng hoat-tián kàu chīn-pōng, kong-si ha̍p-pèng kàu chhun bô kúi keng chhiau-kip kong-si, hō-chò *metanats* (\"ta̍h tī kok-ka téng-koân ê kong-si\"). Siong-tùi kū Tē-kiû, sin Hoé-chheⁿ ki-pún ê keng-chè cho͘-chit sī kang-lâng só͘-iú ê ha̍p-chok-siā (*cooperative*), m̄ sī kong-si. Orange County saⁿ-pō͘-khek oân-ná thàm-thó chhin-chhiūⁿ ê su-sióng.\n\nChok-phín\n---------\n\n### Tn̂g-phiⁿ siáu-soat\n\n#### Orange County saⁿ-pō͘-khek\n\n* *The Wild Shore* (1984)\n* *The Gold Coast* (1988)\n* *Pacific Edge* (1990)\n\n#### Hoé-chheⁿ saⁿ-pō͘-khek\n\n* *Red Mars* (1992)\n* *Green Mars* (1993)\n* *Blue Mars* (1995)\n\n#### Siú-to͘ saⁿ-pō͘-khek\n\n* *Forty Signs of Rain* (2004)\n* *Fifty Degrees Below: Science in the Capital* (2005)\n* *Sixty Days and Counting* (2007)\n\n#### Kî-thaⁿ\n\n* *Icehenge* (1984)\n* *The Memory of Whiteness: A Scientific Romance* (1985)\n* *A Short, Sharp Shock* (1990 - hoàn-sióng siáu-soat)\n* *Antarctica* (1998)\n* *The Years of Rice and Salt* (2002)\n\n### Té-phiⁿ siáu-soat chi̍p\n\n* *The Planet on the Table* (1986)\n* *Escape from Kathmandu* (1989)\n* *Remaking History* (1991)\n* *The Martians* (1999)\n* *Vinland the Dream* (2001)\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikiquote ū ***Kim Stanley Robinson*** Eng-gí ê ín-iōng-kù. |\n\n* Internet Speculative Fiction Database ê chu-liāu\n* Internet Book List ê chu-liāu\n* Siāu-kài i ê tn̂g-phiⁿ siáu-soat\n* Hóng-būn:\n\t+ An interview with K.S. Robinson\n\t+ Guardian interview with K.S. Robinson\n\t+ Audio interview from IT Conversations\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 44318934\n* LCCN: n84002790\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2024 8706\n* GND: 110954300\n* SUDOC: 028807022\n* BNF: cb120566744 (data)\n* BIBSYS: 90808994\n* MusicBrainz: 1936fb58-2b49-4978-aa89-c7b0e0fed527\n* NLA: 35259810\n* NDL: 00454413\n* NKC: xx0054327\n* BNE: XX1143054\n* CiNii: DA12423781\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kim Stanley Robinson","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[968,3469,0.2790429518593254],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4346}} -{"text":"Tng-leh chng-phòe A-31 Vengeance hong-chà-ki ê lú-kang, Nashville, Tennessee 1943\n**Kóng-teng-kang Lô͘-si**（Rosie the Riveter）sī Lī-chhù-tāi-chiàn ê bûn-hòa hû-hō chi-it, i ê hêng-siōngdsī chiàn-sî la̍k-pah bān chìn-li̍p chè-chō-gia̍p kang-chhiúⁿ ê lú-sèng ê tāi-piáu（Chit-kóa sit-thâu thoân-thóng-siōng sī lâm-sèng chòe--ê）, āu-lâi koh chiâⁿ-chòe Lú-sèng-chú-gī í-kip lú-sèng keng-chè le̍k-liōng ê siōng-tin. Bí-kok siā-hōe tùi lú-sèng chheng khò͘-chong ê khòng-hoān chiap-siū iā kui-kong tī kóng-teng-kang Lô͘-si.\n\nKóng-teng-kang Lô͘-si siōng ū-miâ ê hêng-siōng sī chit-tiuⁿ J. Howard Miller tī 1943 nî siat-kè ê hái-pò, phiau-tê sī:「Lán Chòe Ōe Kàu！」\n\nNorman Rockwell iā tī 1943 nî 5 goe̍h 29 hō hoat-piáu kòe 1 tiuⁿ lūi-sū ê chhah-tô͘. Norman Rockwell kám-ū khòaⁿ-kòe Miller ê hái-pò pèng-bô chheng-chhó. Norman Rockwell ê \"Kóng-teng-kang Lô͘-si\" iû《Pài-la̍k Boán-pò》sòe hō͘ Bí-kok Châi-chèng-pō͘ lâi chòe thui-siau chiàn-cheng chè-kǹg ê soan-thoân hái-pò. Chiàn-cheng kiat-sok liáu-āu, chit-pak tô͘ in-ūi siū-tio̍h pán-koân pó-hō͘ soah ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á thòe-chhut kong-chiòng ê koan-chù. Norman Rockwell kòe-sin liáu-āu, i só͘-ū ê ōe-chok ûi-sán lóng siū-tio̍h chek-ke̍k ê pó-hō͘. Chit-chióng pó-hō͘ mā hō͘ i ê chok-phín ê siu-chông kè-ta̍t khí--khí-lâi, 2002 nî, chit-pak tô͘ í 5 pah-bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu bōe-chhut. \"Lán Chòe Ōe Kàu！\" soah kap che tò-pêng, khiàm-khoeh pó-hō͘ tú-hó-sī i āu-lâi tit-tio̍h têng-thâu-siⁿ ê goan-in chi-it .\n\nTô͘-phìⁿ\n--------\n\n### Lán Chòe Ōe Kàu！\n\nJ. Howard Miller só͘ siat-kè ê《Lán Chòe Ōe Kàu！》hái-pò\n1942 nî, Se-ok Tiān-khì kong-si chhiàⁿ Pittsburgh gē-su̍t-ka J. Howard Miller, ùi kong-si iōng「chiàn-sî tâu-li̍p」chòe chú-tê siat-kè chi̍t-hē-lia̍t hái-pò. 《Lán Chòe Ōe Kàu！》sī chit hē-lia̍t hái-pò tiong siōng chhut-miâ ê chit-tiuⁿ, hit-tiuⁿ hái-pò ōe-chhut kóng-teng-kang Lô͘-si ê keng-tián hêng-siōng（sui-bóng hit-tong-sî「Kóng-teng-kang Lô͘-si」chit-ê miâ-sû iáu-bōe chhut-hiān）.\n\nLiû-thoân siōng khoah ê kóng-hoat chi-it sī, Miller sī kun-kù 1942 nî ê chit-tiuⁿ o͘-pe̍h siòng-phìⁿ chè-chok「Lán Chòe Ōe Kàu！」, hit-tiuⁿ siòng-phìⁿ ê chū-kak sī 17 hòe lú-kang Geraldine Doyle（i tong-sî ê miâ-sìⁿ sī Geraldine Hoff Doyle）, m̄-ko chit-ê kóng-hoat āu-lâi hông chèng-si̍t sī m̄-tio̍h--ê.. Siòng-phìⁿ téng-bīn ê cha-bó͘ si̍t-chè-siōng sī lēng-gōa chi̍t-ūi lú-kang Naomi Parker Fraley 。.\n\nChham-kiàn\n----------\n\n* Lú-sèng-chú-gī\n* Sèng-pia̍t\n\nChham-khó Bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Rosie's proud of her band of sisters Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine. by Kevin Cullen, Seattle Times, May 30, 2004\n2. ↑ McLellan, Dennis (2010-12-31). \"Geraldine Hoff Doyle dies at 86; inspiration behind a famous wartime poster\". *Los Angeles Times*. goân-loē-iông tī 2012-09-20 hőng khó͘-pih. 2013-06-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ Williams, Timothy (2010-12-29). \"Geraldine Doyle, Iconic Face of World War II, Dies at 86\". *The New York Times*. The New York Times Company. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2013-11-13. 2013-11-13 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ Memmot, Mark (2010-12-31). \"Michigan Woman Who Inspired WWII 'Rosie' Poster Has Died\". NPR. goân-loē-iông tī 2013-05-05 hőng khó͘-pih. 2013-06-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"Tale of two Rosie the Riveters untangled\". *Lansing State Journal*. 2016-03-01 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ Fox, Margalit (January 22, 2018). \"Naomi Parker Fraley, the Real Rosie the Riveter, Dies at 96\". *The New York Times*. goân-loē-iông tī 2018-01-22 hőng khó͘-pih. January 22, 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.\n7. ↑ \"Pretty Naomi Parker is as easy to look at as overtime pay on the... News Photo | Getty Images\". *www.gettyimages.com*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2018-01-27. 2018-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n8. ↑ \"Museum Collections, U.S. National Park Service -\". *museum.nps.gov*. goân-loē-iông tī 2016-03-07 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-03-01 khòaⁿ--ê.\n9. ↑ \"Naomi Parker Fraley\". *www.naomiparkerfraley.com*. goân-loē-iông tī 2016-03-05 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-03-01 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nGōa-pō͘ Liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Library of Congress Webcast\n* Rosie the Riveter World War II / Home Front National Historical Park\n* Rosie the Riveter\n* Regional Oral History Office / Rosie the Riveter / WWII American Homefront Project\n* American Rosie the Riveter Association\n* A Real-Life \"Rosie the Riveter\"\n* Another Real-Life \"Rosie\" from the Library of Congress' image set\n* *The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter* movie\n* Oral history interview with Audrey Lyons, a \"real life\" Rosie, who worked in the Brooklyn shipyard during WWII from the Veterans History Project at Central Connecticut State University\n* Oral history interview with Mary Doyle Keefe, who modeled for Norman Rockwell's \"Rosie the Riveter\" painting from the Veterans History Project at Central Connecticut State University","meta":{"title":"Kóng-teng-kang Lô͘-si","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1934,4323,0.44737450844321075],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5097}} -{"text":"Thoân-thóng-sek ê Newton ê iô-kô\n**Newton ê iô-kô** sī 1 khoán kàu-io̍k sèng-chit ê chhit-thô-mi̍h, kà lâng kó·-tián bu̍t-lí-ha̍k ê ūn-tōng kap lêng-goân ê pó-chûn tēng-lu̍t (siú-hêng-tēng-lu̍t). Siāng tián-hêng ê siat-kè ū 5-cho· hàiⁿ-á, múi-1-ê hàiⁿ-á ū 2 tiâu pêⁿ tn̂g ê iù soh-á pa̍k chò V-hêng, ē-kha tiàu 1 lia̍p thih kiû, 5 lia̍p thih kiû tú-tú pâi 1 pâi. Chí-iàu ni gōa-kháu ê 1~2 lia̍p kiû, pàng tiāu liáu-āu 5 lia̍p kiû tō ē tī kāng 1-ê pêng-bīn sio-khok put-chí-á kú.\n\nNewton ê iô-kô chū 1970 nî-tāi khai-sí sî-kiâⁿ--khí-lâi, chin chē lâng kā chhāi tòa toh-á-téng khòaⁿ chhù-bī. Siat-kè mā ke chin chē khoán-sek chhut-lâi.\n\nSiong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* Isaac Newton\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Newton's cradle*** |\n\n* Iáⁿ-phìⁿ Archived 2007-03-10 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Newton ê iô-kô","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[121,786,0.15394402035623408],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1005}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Ba̍k-nī |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Lamiales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Oleaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Jasminum* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***J. sambac*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Jasminum sambac***(L.) Aiton |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Ba̍k-nī** he̍k **ba̍k-nī-hoe** (ha̍k-miâ: *Jasminum sambac*) kui-sio̍k-tī Bo̍k-sai-kho (Oleaceae), sī siông-le̍k koàn-bo̍k. Goân-pún seⁿ-tī Ìn-tō͘ kap A-la-pek tē-khu. I kah-ì sio-lō chhî-lūn kap ji̍t-thâu iām ê khoân-kéng. I ū phang-bī, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hō͘-lâng ka-ji̍t tê-bí lāi-té chò phang-thâu, mā chèng tī hoe-hn̂g he̍k hoe-khaⁿ khoàⁿ-súi. I tī 5--goe̍h chì 10--goe̍h khui-hoe.\n\nHêng-thài\n---------\n\nBa̍k-nī châng koân 0.5 kàu 2 m kha-tau. Keng chiâⁿ iù, ū jiû-nńg ê mo͘. \n\nHio̍h-á tùi-seⁿ, khoah ke-nn̄g-hêng, boa̍t-toan tūn-tūn he̍k lap-lap, ki-pō͘ îⁿ-hêng, pian-iân choân-iân.\n\nHoe pe̍h-sek, phang-phang, sàn-pâng hoe-sū; hoe-go̍k li̍h-phìⁿ sī soàⁿ-tiâu-hêng; hoe-koan hêng-chōng sī chhim phiat-á ê khoán, hoe-hio̍h tn̂g thó-îⁿ-hêng he̍k îⁿ-hêng; hiông-lúi 2 lia̍p bih tī hoe-koan phiat-á té. \n\nKoé-chí sī chiuⁿ-kó.","meta":{"title":"Ba̍k-nī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[171,968,0.17665289256198347],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1327}} -{"text":"**Negeri Sembilan Yang di-Pertuan Besar** (Má-lâi-gí: Yang di-Pertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan) sī Negeri Sembilan ê choè ko thóng-tī-chiá. Chia chheng-hō tī 1773 nî siat-li̍p, iû 4 ê Putera Yang Empat (ông-chú) lāi-bīn soán-kí chhut-lâi: Tunku Besar Seri Menanti, Tunku Laksamana, Tunku Musa Serting, Tunku Panglima Besar.\n\nÀn Má-lâi-se-a ê hiàn-hoat, Negeri Sembilan ê Yang di-Pertuan Besar ū khoân-le̍k tī Raja-Raja Hoē-gī (Majlis Raja-Raja) tâu-phiò soán-kí Yang di-Pertuan Agong, iā ū koân-le̍k tòng-soán.\n\nKin-á-ji̍t Negeri Sembilan ê Yang di-Pertuan Besar sī Tuanku Muhriz ibni Almarhum Tuanku Munawir.\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nNegeri Sembilan Yang di-Pertuan Besar |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n* Raja Melewar\n* Raja Hitam\n* Raja Lenggang\n* Raja Radin\n* Yamtuan Imam\n* Tengku Ampuan Intan (pemangku Raja)\n* Yamtuan Antah\n* Tuanku Muhammad\n* Tuanku Abdul Rahman\n* Tuanku Munawir\n* Tuanku Jaafar\n* Tuanku Muhriz\n\n | |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Negeri Sembilan Yang di-Pertuan Besar","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[209,762,0.2742782152230971],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1004}} -{"text":"\n**Kó·-lōng-sū** (鼓浪嶼), Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k kài chhut-miâ ê hong-kéng-khu, tī Hok-kiàn Ē-mn̂g-chhī Ē-mn̂g-tó ê sai-lâm hong, kah Ē-mn̂g-tó keh chi̍t-tiâu 600 kong-chhioh khoah ê Lō·-kang (鷺江). Kó·-lōng-sū sī chi̍t-ê hái-siōng ê sió tó-sū. \n\nBêng-tiâu chìn-chêng gôan-miâ hō·-chòe \"Îⁿ-soa-chiu\" a̍h sī \"Îⁿ-chiu-á\" (圓洲仔). Bêng-tiâu chiah kóe-miâ hō·-chòe \"Kó·-lōng-sū\". Thiaⁿ-í-kóng he sī in-ūi múi kang hái-chúi tiòng-tīⁿ ê sî, chúi-éng to̍h lâi lòng tio̍h hái-kîⁿ ê ta-chio̍h (礁), he siaⁿ-soeh thiaⁿ tio̍h bōe-su ná lòng-kó· siaⁿ...chū-án-ne, chāi-tōe-lâng chôan kā chi̍t-ê tó-sū hō·-miâ \"Kó·-lōng-sū\".\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nKó·-lōng-sū ê bīn-chek chiâⁿ-sòe, kan-ta 1.91 k㎡, put-jî-kò i ôan-á sī Ē-mn̂g-chhī siōng tōa ê ōe-chhiⁿ-tó. Tó-siōng ê chio̍h-thâu thàu-té siⁿ-chòe saⁿ-chiam-la̍k-kak, kî-hêng kòai-chōng. Ū-ê kūn hái-kîⁿ ê soaⁿ-tōe kah giâm-chio̍h, in-ūi kui-nî-thàng-thiⁿ hō· hái-chúi put-tōan hú-si̍t kah chhiong-lòng, nî-kú go̍eh-chhim soah chôaⁿ pìⁿ-kah chi̍t-khang chi̍t-khut, li̍h-li̍h lap-lap. Thian-jiân ê soaⁿ-khàm, chio̍h-thâu kah pōng-khang, chiâⁿ-chòe Kó·-lōng-sū te̍k-sû ê kong-kéng.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n19 sè-kí ê Kó·-lōng-sū* Kó·-lōng-sū kong-kiōng tsoo-kài ê kíng-tshat bō-huiKó·-lōng-sū kong-kiōng tsoo-kài ê kíng-tshat bō-hui\n\nBêng-tiâu bóe, Tīⁿ Sêng-kong tī Ē-mn̂g khí-peng, Kó·-lōng-sū chiâⁿ-chòe Tēⁿ--sī liān-peng ê chi̍t-ê tiûⁿ-só·, kàu-taⁿ, Giâm-á-soaⁿ téng-thâu koh pó-chûn tio̍h chúi-chhau-tâi (水操台) kah chio̍h-chē-mn̂g (石寨門) chit-kóa kó·-chek. \n\nSe-gôan 1842 nî, A-phiàn Chiàn-cheng kòe-āu, Eng, Bí, Hoat, Ji̍t, Tek, Se, Phû, Hô téng-téng, lóng-chóng 13 ê se-hng kok-ka sio-liân-sòa tiàm Kó·-lōng-sū khui léng-sū-kóan. Chiâⁿ chōe seng-lí-lâng, thôan-kàu-sū kah lâng-hòan-á tī chia pôaⁿ-nóa, phah-phún. Bô lōa kú liáu-āu, gōa-kok lâng to̍h í-keng tī Kó·-lōng-sū-téng sì-kòe khí kong-kóan, kàu-tn̂g, pīⁿ-īⁿ kah o̍h-tn̂g. Hit-ê sî-chūn bóe-bōe chhù-tōe kah ku-lí ( 苦力, mā hō· lâng keng-thóe \"ti-á\" ) chiâⁿ-chōe kài sî-kiâⁿ, kài phó·-thong ê tāi-chì, hoan-á lâng sīm-chì tī chia siat-li̍p hoat-têng kah lūi-sū hêng-sū-kio̍k ê ki-kò·. Che to̍h-sī Kó·-lōng-sū hō· lâng kiò-chòe **bān-kok cho·-kài** ê gôan-in. Lâng kóng **ū iūⁿ khòaⁿ iūⁿ, bô iūⁿ ka-kī siūⁿ**, ū-ê hó-gia̍h ê hoan-kheh mā chhian-hong-pek-kè piàⁿ lâi-kàu Kó·-lōng-sū bóe tōe, khí pia̍t-sú (pia̍t-chong), chòe seng-lí. Hit-tong-sî, hoan-kheh chú-iàu sī keng-êng chúi-tō-chúi kah tiān-ōe chit 2 chióng hâng-gia̍p.\n\nKàu-kah 1942 nî 12 ge̍h, Ji̍t-pún-lâng kóaⁿ-cháu kî-thaⁿ ê âng-mn̂g-hoan, tok-chū pà-chiàm Kó·-lōng-sū. 1945 nî Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn kiat-sok, Ji̍t-pún bô tiâu-kiāⁿ tâu-hâng liáu-āu, thè-chhut Tiong-kok, kàu hit-chūn, Kó·-lōng-sū chiah chin-chiàⁿ kiat-sok pah-thóng-nî ê si̍t-bîn thóng-tī.\n\nKéng-tì\n-------\n\nKó·-lōng-sū ê khoe-á-lō· o̍eh-o̍eh tn̂g-tn̂g, hôaiⁿ-khiā kau-chhap, kài chheng-khí. Tó-siōng khôan-kéng chheng-iu, khong-khí sin-sián, chi̍t-sì-kòe lóng sī chhiⁿ-lin-lin ê chhiū-châng, âng-phà-phà ê hoe-chháu, siap-tia̍p koh gōa-khúi ê hoan-á-lâu. Án-ni chhiū-tiong ū hoe, hoe-tiong ū chhù, ū-iáⁿ súi-kah hō· lâng pàng-bōe-lī. \n\nKó·-lōng-sū ê kiàn-tiok chhiong-bóan lông-hō· ê Se-Au hong-keh, chin chōe kok-lāi-gōa kiàn-tiok-kài ê tāi-su lóng o-ló i sī \"kiàn-tiok phok-bu̍t-kóan\". Ti chia, lí ē-tàng him-siúⁿ tio̍h Hi-lia̍p kiàn-tiok ê kó·-ngá, Lô-má kiàn-tiok ê hiông-chòng, Gothic khóan-sek ê jia̍t-chêng, Islam hong-keh ê iu-bí, kah Baroque gē-su̍t ê iú-siú. Ū lâng kóng Kó·-lōng-sū ê hoan-á-lâu, kó-pí sī án Au-chiu 1-lo̍h 1-lo̍h poaⁿ--kè-lâi ê, sī hiah-nī-á lōng-bān kah kó·-phok. \n\nKó·-lōng-sū téng-thâu bô leh cháu ki-tòng-chhia, khôan-tó-lō· chôan tn̂g 6 k㎡. Kó·-lōng-sū chú-iàu ê lú-iû kéng-tì sī:\n\n* Hō-go̍at-hn̂g (皓月園)\n* Tāi-tek-kì E̍k-tiûⁿ (大德記浴場)\n* Koan-hái-hn̂g(觀海園)\n* Siok-chōng Hoe-hn̂g (菽莊花園)\n* Káng-á-āu E̍k-tiûⁿ (港仔後浴場)\n* Eng-hiông-soaⁿ Pōng-khang(英雄山隧道)\n* Kó·-lōng-chio̍h (鼓浪石)\n* Kó·-lōng Pia̍t-sú (鼓浪别墅)\n* Hôa-kiâu A-jia̍t-tài Si̍t-bu̍t-hn̂g (華僑亞熱帶植物引種園)\n* Hái-té Sè-kài\n\n* Tīⁿ Sêng-kong Kì-liām-kóan\n* Pek-niáu-hn̂g (百鳥園)\n* Kó·-siâⁿ Hong-hûn Iû-lám-kóan (古城風雲遊覽館)\n* Giâm-á-soaⁿ (日光岩)\n* Bān-kok Kiàn-tiok (萬國建筑)\n\nKǹg-khîm chi-tó\n---------------\n\nKó·-lōng-sū sī Tiong-kok ê \"kǹg-khîm chi-tó\", phí-phí-á sió tó kèng-jiân ū khah-ke 600 tâi ê kǹg-khîm tī--leh, chit-ê pí-lē chôan-kok bô lâng pí ē tio̍h. Tī Kó·-lōng-sū tó ê múi-chi̍t-ê kak-lo̍k, put-kóan-sî lóng ē-tàng thiaⁿ tio̍h bí-biāu ê se-iûⁿ-khîm im-ga̍k-siaⁿ, sió-thê-khîm im-ga̍k-siaⁿ, a̍h-sī khin-sang ê gì-tah. \n\nKó·-lōng-sū ū chiâⁿ chōe kńg-khîm sè-ka, ū im-ga̍k ha̍k-hāu, im-ga̍k-thiaⁿ, kau-hiàng-ga̍k-thôan kah kǹg-khîm phok-bu̍t-kóan. Im-ga̍k chiâⁿ-chòe Kó·-lōng-sū ê chi̍t-chióng te̍k-sû ê phiau-chì.\n\nKó·-lōng-sū chhut kài-chōe im-ga̍k ê thian-châi, in tī kok-lāi-gōa lóng ū it-tēng ê tē-ūi.\n\n* Un Sêng-chong (殷承宗)\n* Khó· Húi-seng (許斐星)\n* Khó· Húi-pêng (許斐平)\n* Khó· Heng-gāi (許興艾)\n* Chiu Siok-an (周淑安)\n* Lîm Chùn-kheng (林俊卿)\n* Ngô· Thian-kiû (吳天球)\n* Tân Chó-hông (陳佐湟)\n* Lí Ka-lo̍k (李嘉祿)\n* Toh It-liông (卓一龍)\n\nGōa-pō· liân-sòaⁿ\n-----------------\n\n* Ē-mn̂g-chhī Lú-iû-kio̍k Archived 2005-02-08 at the Wayback Machine. koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nĒ-mn̂g |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hêng-chèng-khu | \n* Chi̍p-bí\n* Hái-chhng\n* Ô͘-lí\n* Siông-an\n* Su-bêng\n* Tâng-oaⁿ\n\n |\n| |\n| Kàu-io̍k | \n* Chi̍p-bí Tāi-ha̍k\n* Chi̍p-bí Tāi-ha̍k Sêng-gē Ha̍k-īⁿ\n* Ē-mn̂g Gōa-kok-gí Ha̍k-hāu\n* Ē-mn̂g Hôa-hā Ha̍k-īⁿ\n* Ē-mn̂g I-ha̍k-īⁿ\n* Ē-mn̂g Kang-ha̍k-īⁿ\n* Ē-mn̂g Kok-chè Ha̍k-hāu\n* Ē-mn̂g Lí-kang Ha̍k-īⁿ\n* Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k\n* Hôa-kiâu Tāi-ha̍k Ē-mn̂g Hāu-khu\n* Hok-chiu Tāi-ha̍k Ē-mn̂g Kang-gē Bí-su̍t Ha̍k-īⁿ\n* Ē-mn̂g Siang-si̍p Tiong-ha̍k\n\n |\n| |\n| Koan-kong | \n* Ē-mn̂g Hái-kéng Chhian-hí Tōa Chiú-tiàm\n* Ē-mn̂g SM Siâⁿ-chhī Kóng-tiûⁿ\n* Kó͘-lōng-sū\n* Lâm Phó͘-tô Sī\n* SM Sin Seng-oa̍h Kóng-tiûⁿ\n* Tiong-kok Kok-chè Tâu-chu Bō͘-e̍k Hia̍p-tâm Hōe\n\n |\n| |\n| Bûn-hòa | \n* Ē-mn̂g Ài-ga̍k Ga̍k-thoân\n* Ē-mn̂g Koan-im-soaⁿ Lú-chú Ûi-kî Tūi\n* Ē-mn̂g Kok-chè Má-la-siông\n* Ē-mn̂g Kóng-pò͘ Tiān-sī Chi̍p-thoân\n* Ē-mn̂g-ōe\n* Ē-mn̂g Thé-io̍k Tiong-sim\n\n |\n| |\n| Kau-thong | \n* Ē-mn̂g Ko-kiā Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ\n* Ē-mn̂g Siông-an Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ\n* Ē-mn̂g Chām\n* Ē-mn̂g Pak Chām\n* Ē-mn̂g Ko-kiā Chām\n* Ē-mn̂g-káng\n* Ko-chi̍p Hái-thê\n* Ē-mn̂g Tōa-kiô\n* Hái-chhng Tōa-kiô\n* Chi̍p-bí Tōa-kiô\n* Hēng-lîm Tōa-kiô\n* Siông-an Sūi-tō\n* Hái-chhng Sūi-tō\n* Siông-an Tōa-kiô\n* Ē-mn̂g Hâng-khong\n* Ē-mn̂g Kúi-tō Kau-thong\n* Ē-mn̂g Khoài-sok Kong-kau\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kó͘-lōng-sū","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2125,6371,0.33354261497410137],"infobox":["
    Kó͘-lōng-sū
    UNESCO Sè-kài Ûi-sán
    \n
    Ē-mn̂g-chhī Kó͘-lōng-sū
    Criteria\nbûn-hoà: ii, iv
    Reference\n1541
    Inscription\n2017 nî (41 session)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7514}} -{"text":"*Link 22 tshiau-kip bāng-lōo* (Link 22 SN (Super Network)) ê kài-liām tôo.\n**Link 22** (Link 22) sī HF hām UHF pîn-tuān ê an-tsuân sòo-jī bô-suànn-tiān liān-lōo, tsú-iàu iû kun-tuī iōng-teh tsiàn-su̍t sòo-kì liān [en].\n\nLi̍k-sú\n-------\n\nLink 22 ê bo̍k-piau sī:\n\nLink 22 kài-lám\n---------------\n\nLink 22 sī pak tāi-se-iûñ kong-iok tso-tsit (NATO) ê an-tsuânbô-suànn-tiān hē-thóng, ē-tàng thê-kiong tshiau sī-pîn [en] (BLOS) thong-sìn. Link 22 hōo-siong liân-thong khong-tiong, tē-bīn, tsuí-hā kah tē-bīn tsiàn-su̍t sòo-kì hē-thóng; pīng-tshiánn iōng teh tsham-ú-kok kun-sū tan-uī tsi-kan ê tsiàn-su̍t sòo-kì kau-uānn. Link 22 tio̍h-beh teh hô-pîng sî-kî, guî-kî sî-kî kah tsian-tsing tang-tiong pōo-sú; í-lâi tsi-tshî pak-iok hām bîng-kun ê tsian-tsing jīm-bū.\n\nLink 22 kè-uē siōng khai-sí sī iû 7 ê kok-ka \"lí-kái pī-bōng-lio̍k\" (MOU [en]) ê tsi-tshî tsi-hā ha̍p-tsok khai-tián. Siōng khai-sí 7 ê kok-ka sī Canada, Huat-kok, Tik-kok, Italy, Hô-lân, Ing-kok (UK) kah Bí-kok (US), kî-tiong Bí-kok sī tsú-pān-kok. Sepangâ í-king tshú-tāi sîng-uî NILE \"NATO Link 11 ê kái-tsìn pán\" (NATO Improved Link Eleven) ê ing-gú kán-sok jī-thâu) kok-ka.\n\nLink 22 khai-huat sī uī-tio̍h tshú-tāi hām khik-ho̍k Link 11 ê í-ti khuat-hām. Link 22 iah-koh tsí-tsāi teh kah Link 16 tsìn-hîng póo-tshiong hām khin-sang hōo-siong tshau-tsok. Link 22 ê siat-kè kū-iú tsū-tōng-huà hām kán-tan ê kuán-lí; í-lâi khak-pó Link 22 pí Link 11 kah Link 16 koh-khah iông-ī kuán-lí. Tsit-ê kè-uē hông kiò-tsò \"NATO Link 11 ê kái-tsìn pán\", kán-tshing \"NILE\". NILE hē-thóng thê-kiong ê tsiàn-su̍t sòo-kì-liān í-king tsìng-sik bīng-miâ kiò-tsò Link 22.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Tolk, Andreas (2012-02-14). *Engineering Principles of Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation* (ēng Eng-gí). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-18030-3.\n2. ↑ Deakin, Richard S. (2010). *Battlespace Technologies: Network-enabled Information Dominance* (ēng Eng-gí). Artech House. ISBN 978-1-59693-338-5.\n3. ↑ \"TACTICAL DATA LINK – FROM LINK 1 TO LINK 22\". *Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy*. **19** (2). 2016-12-15. doi:10.21279/1454-864x-16-i2-046. ISSN 2392-8956.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* The Link 22 portal for NILE Nations @ NATO Improved Link Eleven (NILE)\n* The Link 22 portal for Foreign Nations @ NATO Improved Link Eleven (NILE)\n* Link 22 modem (SPC) @ DRS Technologies\n* Link 22 modem (SPC) @ Rockwell Collins (This product has been discontinued in 2015.)\n* Link 22 modem (SPC) @ Elbit Systems Deutschland\n* Link 22 International Government-Off-The-Shelf products presentation @ Northrop Grumman\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* MIL-STD-6011 (Link 11)\n* Link 16\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* Link 22 solutions\n* TechnoBit LINPro Tactical Data Link Processor for Link-22 and more","meta":{"title":"Link 22","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[853,2426,0.3516075845012366],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2939}} -{"text":"Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ m̄-sī teh kóng Bali.\n\n**Pa-lí** (巴里; Hoat-gí: Paris, Hoat-gí ho͘ Sound [paʀi]?) sī Hoat-kok ê siú-to͘ kiam tē-it toā ê siâⁿ-chhī, só͘-chāi tī Île-de-France tē-hng. Pa-lí ê jîn-kháu ū 2,167,994, to͘-hōe-khu (*aire urbaine*) jîn-kháu ū 1100 bān.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTāi-iok tī Ch. 4200 nî ê sî, Pa-lí chit-ê só͘-chāi to̍h ū jîn-lūi khiā-khí. Lô-má Tè-kok tī Ch. 52 nî cheng-ho̍k Pa-lí chit ūi, hit-tong-sî ê siâⁿ hō chò *Lutetia*, āu-bóe koh piàn *Lutèce*. Soah--lo̍h-lâi Lô-má Tè-kok ê bia̍t-bông kap German-lâng ê ji̍p-chhim, chō-sêng Lutèce chiām-chhù hông khì-sak. Chóng-si kàu 508 nî ê sî, koh ū Frank Tè-kok ê kok-ông Clovis 1-sè kā Pa-lí siat chò i ê siú-to͘.\n\nHek-sú-pēng tī 1348 nî thoân lâi kàu Pa-lí, chō-sêng Pa-lí ê jîn-kháu kiám kah chhun 20 bān. Tiām Pah-nî Chiàn-cheng hit tang-chūn, Pa-lí sit tiāu Hoat-kok chèng-kôan siú-hú ê tē-ūi. Hit-tong-sî Hoat-kok kok-ông tòa tī Vallée de la Loire; it-ti̍t kàu 1528 nî, kok-ông François 1-sè chiah kā siú-hú poaⁿ tó-tńg Pa-lí.\n\nTī Hoat-kok Chong-kàu Chiàn-cheng lāi-bīn, Pa-lí sī Thian-chú-kàu ê kù-tiám. 1572 nî 8 goe̍h, Pa-lí ê Thian-chú-kàu-tô͘ tùi sin-kàu-tō͘ Huguenot phaì hoat-tōng Sèng Barthélemy Ji̍t Sóe-siâⁿ, tōng-loān koh hiòng tē-hng thoân-sàng. Tī Fronde loē-loān sî-kî, siâⁿ-chhī hoat-seng po̍k-tōng, ông-sek tô chhut Pa-lí. Louis 14-sè koh tī 1682 nî kā tiâu-têng sóa kòe Versailles.\n\nPa-lí tī 18 sè-kí chiâⁿ chò Hoat-kok Kek-bēng ê tiong-sim. Tī 1789 nî 7 goe̍h 14 ji̍t, chhī-bîn kong-chiàm Bastille kaⁿ-ga̍k, koh tī 1792 nî 9 goe̍h thui-hoan kun-chú chè-tō͘.\n\n1889 nî Bān-kok Phok-lám kap hit chūn ê Eiffel Thah.\n1814 nî 3 goe̍h Napoléon 1-sè chiàn-pāi liáu-āu, Pa-lí khì hō͘ Lō͘-se-a ê Kozaky-lâng kap Kalmyk-lâng chiàm-niá chi̍t-chām-á. 1840 nî-tāi, in-ūi Kang-gia̍p Kek-bēng ê hoat-tián, Pa-lí ê jîn-kháu tōa-liōng chin-ka. Napoléon 3-sè tī 1852 nî kiàn-li̍p Tē-jī Tè-kok, i jīm-bēng Georges Eugène Haussmann chú-chhî Pa-lí ê chhī-ke kap siat-si hoan-sin, kái-chō chhut óa-kīn kin-á-ji̍t Pa-lí ê ki-pún hêng-thé.\n\n19 sè-kí āu-kî, Pa-lí kí-pān liáu chē pái ê Bān-kok Phok-lám-hoē, tang-tiong tī 1889 nî ê phok-lám-hoē lāi-bīn, tián-sī tú khí hó-sè ê Eiffel Thah. Kàu 1930 nî chìn-chêng, Eiffel Thah iû-goân koh sī thong sè-kài siāng koân ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t. Lēng-goā, tē-it tiâu Pa-lí Tē-hā-thih (*Métro*) mā ùi 1900 nî phok-lám-hoē ê sî-chūn khai-thong.\n\nPa-lí tē-khu tī Tē-it-chhù Tāi-chiàn sî-kî, bat sī Eng-kok kap Hoat-kok tùi-khòng Tek-kok ji̍p-chhim ê chiàn-tiûⁿ; mā sī 1919 nî hô-phêng hoē-gī ê kú-pān tē-tiám. Chiàn-kan sî-kî ê Pa-lí, chiâⁿ chò hit-tong-sî chin chē gē-su̍t-ka oa̍h-tāng ê só͘-chāi. Kàu 1940 nî Tē-jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn kî-kan, Pa-lí khì hō͘ Tek-kok chiàm-niá, it-ti̍t kàu 1944 nî kha koh kái-hòng.\n\nChiàn-āu sî-kî, Pa-lí ê kau-goā khai-sí sìn-sok hoat-tián, in koh tī Pa-lí gōa-ûi ê Hauts-de-Seine koān kiàn-siat sin ê siong-gia̍p-khu La Défense, jî-chhiá khai-siat sin ê thih-lō͘ kap kong-lō͘ lō͘-soáⁿ. Chāi-tē ê chi̍t koá thoân-thóng sán-gia̍p mā choán-piàn chò ko-kho-ki sū-gia̍p.\n\nSPOT oē-chheⁿ tô͘\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nPa-lí chē-chí Seine Hô chi̍t-ê oan-oat ê só͘-chāi, siâⁿ-chhī lāi-bīn ū nn̄g-ê tó-sū, Île Saint-Louis kap Île de la Cité, sī Pa-lí le̍k-sú siāng kó͘ ê khu-he̍k. Pa-lí kôan-tō͘ siāng kē ê só͘-chāi ū hái-po̍at 35 m; siāng kôan ê ū 130 m, sī Montmartre Soaⁿ.\n\n### Khì-hāu\n\nPa-lí sio̍k un-tài hái-iûⁿ-sèng khì-hāu, siū Pak Tāi-se-iûⁿ Iûⁿ-liû ê éng-hióng. Nî pêng-kin un-tō͘ sī 10.8 °C; kàng-chúi sī 649.6 mm. Tī Pa-lí it-poaⁿ 7 goe̍h siāng joa̍h pêng-kin ū 18.4 °C; 1 goe̍h siāng koâⁿ, ū 3.5 °C. Kàng-chúi liōng tī 5 goe̍h siāng koân, ū 65 mm; 8 goe̍h siāng chió, ū 43 mm. \n\nChū 1873 nî í-āu, Pa-lí kì-lio̍k siāng koân ê ūn-tō͘ sī 1947 nî 7 goe̍h 28 ji̍t tī Parc Montsouris hông koan-chhek--tio̍h-ê, ū 40.4 °C; siāng koâⁿ sī 1879 nî 12 goe̍h 10 ji̍t, ū -23.9 °C. \n\n| Khì-hāu chu-liāu: Pa-lí (1971 nî – 2000 nî) |\n| --- |\n| Goe̍h-hūn | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Nî pêng-kin |\n| Pêng-kin ko-un °C (°F) | 6.9 | 8.2 | 11.8 | 14.7 | 19.0 | 22.7 | 25.2 | 25.0 | 20.8 | 15.8 | 10.4 | 7.8 | 15.5 |\n| Pêng-kin kē-un °C (°F) | 2.5 | 2.8 | 5.1 | 6.8 | 10.5 | 13.3 | 15.5 | 15.4 | 12.5 | 9.2 | 5.3 | 3.6 | 8.5 |\n| Kàng-chúi mm (in) | 53.7 | 43.7 | 48.5 | 53 | 65 | 54.6 | 63.1 | 43 | 54.7 | 59.7 | 51.9 | 58.7 | 649.6 |\n| Pêng-kin kàng-chúi ji̍t-sò͘ | 10.2 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 9.4 | 10.3 | 8.6 | 8 | 6.9 | 8.5 | 9.5 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 111.5 |\n| Ji̍t-chiò sî-sò͘ | 62 | 80 | 122 | 147 | 203 | 189 | 211 | 229 | 159 | 114 | 69 | 46 | 1,630 |\n| *Source: Météo France* |\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nKun-kù 1999 nî ê tiau-cha, Pa-lí ū 2,125,246 ê jîn-kháu; lēng-goā 2004 nî ê ko͘-sǹg mā-ū 2,144,700 lâng. Nā chiàu 1999 nî ê sò͘-bo̍k lâi sǹg, jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ sī bí pêng-hông kong-lí 20,164 lâng.\n\nPa-lí kui-ê chhī-khu ê jîn kháu chiàu 2006 nî ê tiau-cha ū 10,142,983 ê jîn-kháu; to͘-chhī khian ê jîn-kháu sī 11,769,433.\n\nHêng-chèng-khu\n--------------\n\nHêng-chèng-khu pian-hō\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Pa-lí ê arrondissement\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| * Pa-lí 1 khu\n* Pa-lí 2 khu\n* Pa-lí 3 khu\n* Pa-lí 4 khu\n* Pa-lí 5 khu\n* Pa-lí 6 khu\n* Pa-lí 7 khu\n* Pa-lí 8 khu\n* Pa-lí 9 khu\n* Pa-lí 10 khu\n | * Pa-lí 11 khu\n* Pa-lí 12 khu\n* Pa-lí 13 khu\n* Pa-lí 14 khu\n* Pa-lí 15 khu\n* Pa-lí 16 khu\n* Pa-lí 17 khu\n* Pa-lí 18 khu\n* Pa-lí 19 khu\n* Pa-lí 20 khu\n |\n\nKau-thong\n---------\n\n* Pa-lí Tē-hā-thih\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ \"La population par arrondissement de 1990 à 2009\". Mairie de Paris. 2009-01-01. 2009-07-09 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ Ogawa Naoyosi, pian. (1931). \"Pa-lí 巴里\". *Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten* 臺日大辭典 [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*] (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí). **2**. p. 575.\n3. ↑ INSEE. \"\" Estimation de population par département, sexe et grande classe d'âge – Années 1990 à 2006\"\". 2008-02-16 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques. \"\"Aire Urbaine '99 – pop totale par sexe et âge\"\". 2006-04-10 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. 1 2 Mairie de Paris. \"Paris, Roman City - Chronology\". 2006-07-16 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ The Role of Trade in Transmitting the Black Death. TED Case Studies.\n7. ↑ Massacre of Saint Bartholomew's Day, Britannica Online Encyclopedia\n8. ↑ \"consulted 29 November 2008\". Victorianweb.org. 2007-08-10. 2009-05-05 khòaⁿ--ê.\n9. ↑ \"Battle of Paris 1814\". Napoleonistyka.atspace.com. 2009-05-05 khòaⁿ--ê.\n10. ↑ \"Montmartre\". Paris-walking-tours.com. 2009-01-06 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nHoat-kok Hoat-kok ê koān (*département*) |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Ain • Aisne • Allier • Alpes-de-Haute-Provence • Hautes-Alpes • Alpes-Maritimes • Ardèche • Ardennes • Ariège • Aube • Aude • Aveyron • Bouches-du-Rhône • Calvados • Cantal • Charente • Charente-Maritime • Cher • Corrèze • Corse-du-Sud • Haute-Corse • Côte-d'Or • Côtes-d'Armor • Creuse • Dordogne • Doubs • Drôme • Eure • Eure-et-Loir • Finistère • Gard • Haute-Garonne • Gers • Gironde • Hérault • Ille-et-Vilaine • Indre • Indre-et-Loire • Isère • Jura • Landes • Loir-et-Cher • Loire • Haute-Loire • Loire-Atlantique • Loiret • Lot • Lot-et-Garonne • Lozère • Maine-et-Loire • Manche • Marne • Haute-Marne • Mayenne • Meurthe-et-Moselle • Meuse • Morbihan • Moselle • Nièvre • Nord • Oise • Orne • Pas-de-Calais • Puy-de-Dôme • Pyrénées-Atlantiques • Hautes-Pyrénées • Pyrénées-Orientales • Bas-Rhin • Haut-Rhin • Rhône • Haute-Saône • Saône-et-Loire • Sarthe • Savoie • Haute-Savoie • Paris • Seine-Maritime • Seine-et-Marne • Yvelines • Deux-Sèvres • Somme • Tarn • Tarn-et-Garonne • Var • Vaucluse • Vendée • Vienne • Haute-Vienne • Vosges • Yonne • Territoire de Belfort • Essonne • Hauts-de-Seine • Seine-Saint-Denis • Val-de-Marne • Val-d'Oise \n**Hái-goā:** Guadeloupe • Martinique • Guyane • Réunion |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 158822968\n* LCCN: n79058874\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2114 268X\n* GND: 4044660-8\n* SUDOC: 026397765\n* BNF: cb152821567 (data)\n* HDS: 006604\n* NDL: 00629026\n* NKC: ge130380\n* BNE: XX451222\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Pa-lí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3085,7175,0.4299651567944251],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Pa-lí
    Paris
    \n\"Eiffel
    Eiffel Thah kap La Défense
    \n
    \n\n\n\n
    \"Pa-líParis
    Kî-á    		 \"Pa-líParis
    Hui-kì
    \n
    Piau-gí: Fluctuat nec mergitur
    \"ê
    ê uī-tì
    \n
    Chèng-hú
     - Chhī-tiúⁿ\n\t\tBertrand Delanoë
    Jîn-kháu
     - Lóng-chóng2,203,817 lâng
     - Bi̍t-tō͘\n24,948/km2
    Sî-khuCET (UTC +1) (UTC)\n\t
    Bāng-chāmparis.fr
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8766}} -{"text":"**Chìn-kang**-chhī (晉江市), Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn Choân-chiu kóan-ha̍t ê chi̍t-ê kōan-kip-chhī.\n\nHok-kiàn Choân-chiu Chìn-kang-chhī\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nChìn-kang-chhī tiàm-tī Hok-kiàn-séng tang-lâm-pō· ê hái-kîⁿ, Chìn-kang (Hok-kiàn tē-3 tōa ê khe) hā-iû óa lâm-pêng ê só·-chāi, cho̍at-tùi tē-lí hong-ūi sī tòa-leh pak-úi 24°30′44″~24°54′21″, tang-keng 118°24′56″~118°41′10″ chi-kan. \n\nChìn-kang-chhī óa-soaⁿ khò-hái, tang-pak-pêng sī Chôan-chiu-oan, chiàⁿ-tang-pêng sī Chio̍h-sai-chhī, tang-lâm sī Tâi-ôan-hái-kiap, sai-pak phian sai hām Lâm-oaⁿ-chhī sio-chiap, siōng lâm-pêng kah Chôan-chiu chhī-khu liâm chòe-chi̍t-ē. Chôan-chhī thó·-tē bīn-chek beh óa 722 km².\n\nChìn-kang kéng-lāi siōng kôan ê soaⁿ, hō·-chòe Chí-bō-soaⁿ, hái-po̍at 517.8 kong-chhioh. Hái-hōaⁿ-sòaⁿ tn̂g--ta̍t 110 km, tng-tē khì-hāu sio̍k-î lâm-a-jia̍t-tài hái-iû-hêng kùi-hong khì-hāu, múi nî pêng-kun khì-un liōng-kî-iok 20.5 ℃, kàng-hō·-liōng ta̍t-kàu 911.7~1231 kong-lî. Chôan-chhī ê sim-lîm hok-khàm-lu̍t sī 20.2％.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nChóng jîn-kháu tú-hó chhiau-kòe 100 bān, kî-tiong Hôe-cho̍k liōng-kî-iok 1.8 bān, Bóan-cho̍k chiâⁿ-chheng lâng chó-iū, chhun--ê lóng-chóng sī Hàn-cho̍k. Tē-hng gú-giân sī Bân-lâm-gú. \n\nChìn-kang-chhī sī Tiong-kok chhut-miâ ê kiâu-hiong, hiān-chú-sî tī chôan-kiû 50-gōa ê kok-ka kah tē-khu tang-tiong, lóng-chóng ū 200-gōa bān Hôa-kiâu chó·-ke sī Chìn-kang. Che í-gōa, Chìn-kang iū-koh sī Tâi-ôan Hō-ló cho̍k-kûn khah chú-iàu chó·-ke chi-it.\n\nHêng-chèng khu-ōa\n-----------------\n\nHiān-chú-sî Chìn-kang-chhī ū 6-ê koe-tō pān-sū-chhù kah 13-ê tìn.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nLe̍k-sú kì-chài, Chôan-chiu chit-ê só·-chāi, siōng chá ū jîn-lūi o̍ah-tōng sī kū-lī hiān-taⁿ iok-lio̍k 7000 nî í-chêng. Chôan-chiu sī le̍k-sú bûn-hòa bêng-siâⁿ, kàu-kah Tông-tiâu ê sî-tāi, chiah khai-sí ū tāi-liōng ê Tiong-gôan Hàn-jîn lo̍h-lâm lâi chit-tah khai-khún. Kó·-chá ê Chôan-chiu, ôan-á ū chi̍t-chām kiò-chòe \"Chìn-kang\". Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī Tāi-lio̍k kiàn-kok liáu-āu bô lōa kú, Chìn-kang-kōan ê kōan-tī to̍h ùi chit-chūn ê Chôan-chiu-siâⁿ poaⁿ-khì tī Chhiⁿ-iûⁿ-tìn (青陽鎮). 1978 nî koh àn Chìn-kang-kōan pun chhut-lâi 4 ê hiuⁿ-tìn, chó·-chiâⁿ hiān-chú-sî ê Chio̍h-sai-chhī. 1992 nî, Chìn-kang-kōan kóe-miâ Chìn-kang-chhī.\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\nTông, Sòng ê sî-tāi, Chìn-kang sī sè-kài \"hái-siōng si-tiû chi-lō·\" ê khí-tiám, hit-tong-sî Chôan-chiu sī \"tang-hong tē-it tōa káng\", tùi gōa chúi-lō· kau-thong kah bō·-e̍k chiâⁿ hôan-bâng, chē-chē sè-kài kok só·-chāi ê seng-lí-lâng kah chong-kàu jîn-sū lâi chit-tah thàn-chia̍h, phah-piàⁿ. In-ūi án-ne, Chôan-chiu chāi-tōe ê bûn-hòa mā chōe-chió siū-tio̍h gōa-lâi bûn-hòa ê éng-hiáng, chú-iàu thé-hiān tī chong-kàu kah kiàn-tiok hong-bīn.\n\nChìn-kang-chhī kéng-lāi ê bêng-sèng kó·-chek ē-sái kóng ba̍t-ba̍t-sī, chhī-kip í-siōng ê bûn-bu̍t pó-hō· tan-ūi kah chū-jiân pó-hō·-khu ū 71 ê, kî-tiong Chháu-am-sī (草庵寺) sī kok-ka tiōng-tiám bûn-bu̍t pó-hō· tan-ūi, mā sī tong-kim sè-kài siōng pó-chûn kah siōng-kài ôan-chéng ê Mô·-nî-kàu ûi-chí. Kok-ka bûn-bu̍t pó-hō· tan-ūi iáu-koh ū Oaⁿ-pêng-kiô (安平橋) kah Liông-san-sī. Che í-gōa, Chhim-hō· Hái-té Sim-lîm Kó·-jiah (深滬海底森林古跡), sī kok-ka-kip ê chū-jiân pó-hō·-khu, sī sè-kài kî-thaⁿ só·-chāi *tiám teng-á-hóe ā bô-tè-chhōe* ê hó kong-kéng.\n\nTī Chìn-kang-chhī, sì-kòe lóng ē-tàng kám-siū tio̍h Bân-lâm tē-hng bûn-hòa ê bī-le̍k. Lâi chit-tah thit-thô ê lâng-kheh, put-kóan-sî ē-tàng thiaⁿ-tio̍h kó·-ló ê Chôan-chiu Bân-lâm-gú, ē-tàng him-siúⁿ lâm-kóan im-ga̍k, ka-lé-hì, ko-kah-hì, pò·-tē-hì, lê-hn̂g-hì chiah-ê bô-kâng hong-keh ê Bân-lâm im-ga̍k hì-kio̍k.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nTiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k si̍t-hêng kái-kek khai-hòng chit-hāng keng-chè chèng-chhek liáu-āu, Chìn-kang-chhī to̍h chhiong-hun khip-ín kah lī-iōng hái-gōa Hôa-kiâu ê keng-chè le̍k-liōng, hē-la̍t piàⁿ keng-chè kiàn-siat. Chìn-kang ê keng-chè kiàn-siat ū ka-kī ê te̍k-sek, tī Tiong-kok kok-lāi, hō·-lâng khòaⁿ-chòe \"sù-tāi bô·-sek\" chi-it. Chêng 1990 nî-tāi khai-sí, Chìn-kang-chhī ê chong-ha̍p keng-chè si̍t-la̍t to̍h sio-liân-sòa kúi-nā-nî tī chôan-kok pâi thâu-chêng, tī Hok-kiàn pâi thâu-miâ. 2001 nî, Chìn-kang-chhī ê \"siā-hōe keng-chè chong-ha̍p chí-sò·\" tī chôan-kok 100 ê \"siōng-kài hoat-ta̍t kōan\" tang-tiong pâi tē-13 ūi, \"keng-chè ki-pún kēng-cheng-la̍t\" pâi tē-6 ūi. 2002 nî, chôan-chhī si̍t-hiān GDP chóng-gia̍h chhiau-kòe 330 ek kho· Jîn-bîn-pē; kang-gia̍p kah lông-gia̍p chóng-gia̍h chhiau-kòe 566 ek kho·; hiuⁿ-tìn khì-gia̍p chóng sán-ti̍t ta̍t-kàu 640 ek kho·; chèng-hú châi-chèng siu-ji̍p tu̍t-phò 20 ek kho· Jîn-bîn-pē, kî-tiong ū 6-ê hiuⁿ-tìn châi-chèng siu-ji̍p chhiau-kòe 1 ek.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Chìn-kang Chèng-bū bāng Archived 2005-02-12 at the Wayback Machine.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hok-kiàn-séng ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hù-séng-kip | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Ē-mn̂g-chhī | Hái-chhng-khu  **·** Ô͘-lí-khu  **·** Chi̍p-bí-khu  **·** Su-bêng-khu  **·** Tâng-oaⁿ-khu  **·** Siông-an-khu |\n\n | Hok-kiàn |\n| |\n| Tē-kip | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Hok-chiu-chhī | Kó͘-lâu-khu  **·** Chìn-an-khu  **·** Tâi-kang-khu  **·** Chhng-soaⁿ-khu  **·** Má-boé-khu  **·** Tiông-lo̍k-khu  **·** Bân-chheng-koān  **·** Bân-hâu-koān  **·** Éng-thài-koān  **·** Hok-chheng-chhī  **·** Liân-kang-koān  **·** Lô-goân-koān  **·** Pêng-thâm-koān |\n| |\n| Chiang-chiu-chhī | Hiong-siâⁿ-khu **·** Liông-bûn-khu  **·** Liông-hái-chhī  **·** Chiuⁿ-phó͘-koān  **·** Ûn-sio-koān  **·** Chiàu-an-koān  **·** Tang-soaⁿ-koān  **·** Pêng-hô-koān  **·** Lâm-chēng-koān  **·** Tiô-thoà-koān  **·** Hoâ-an-koān |\n| |\n| Choân-chiu-chhī | Lí-siâⁿ-khu  **·** Hong-te̍k-khu  **·** Lo̍k-kang-khu  **·** Choân-káng-khu  **·** Chìn-kang-chhī  **·** Chio̍h-sai-chhī  **·** Lâm-oaⁿ-chhī  **·** Hūi-oaⁿ-koān  **·** An-khoe-koān  **·** Éng-chhun-koān  **·** Tek-hoè-koān  **·** *Kim-mn̂g-koān (bô si̍t-chè thóng-tī)* |\n| |\n| Lâm-pêng-chhī | Iân-pêng-khu  **·** Kiàn-iông-khu  **·** Bú-î-soaⁿ-chhī  **·** Kiàn-au-chhī  **·** Siō-bú-chhī  **·** Chèng-hô-koān  **·** Kong-te̍k-koān  **·** Phó͘-siâⁿ-koān  **·** Siông-khe-koān  **·** Sūn-chhiong-koān |\n| |\n| Lêng-nâ-chhī | Sin-lô-khu  **·** Éng-tēng-khu  **·** Chiuⁿ-phîng-chhī  **·** Bú-pêng-koān  **·** Liân-siâⁿ-koān  **·** Siōng-hâng-koān  **·** Tiông-teng-koān |\n| |\n| Lêng-tek-chhī | Chio-siâⁿ-khu  **·** Hok-an-chhī  **·** Hok-téng-chhī  **·** Chià-êng-koān  **·** Chiu-lêng-koān  **·** Hâ-phó͘-koān  **·** Kó͘-chhân-koān  **·** Pêng-lâm-koān  **·** Siū-lêng-koān |\n| |\n| Phô͘-chhân-chhī | Siâⁿ-siuⁿ-khu  **·** Âm-kang-khu  **·** Nāi-siâⁿ-khu  **·** Siù-sū-khu  **·** Sian-iû-koān |\n| |\n| Sam-bêng-chhī | Mûi-lia̍t-khu  **·** Sam-goân-khu  **·** Éng-an-chhī  **·** Bêng-khe-koān  **·** Chheng-liû-koān  **·** Chiong-lo̍k-koān  **·** Iû-khe-koān  **·** Kiàn-lêng-koān  **·** Lêng-hoà-koān  **·** Soa-koān  **·** Tāi-chhân-koān  **·** Thài-lêng-koān |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Chìn-kang-chhī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1777,6336,0.28046085858585856],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8100}} -{"text":"\n**Tsu Hōng-liân** (hàn-gú: 朱鳳蓮; 1977-nî 11-gue̍h —), Tiong-kok Kńg-tang síng Muî-tsiu tshī jîn-sū, kheh-ka jîn, Tiong-kiōng tiong-iong tâi-uân kang-tsok pān-kong-sik suan-thuân kio̍k hù kio̍k-tiúnn, Tiong-kok kok-bū-īnn tâi-uân sū-bū pān-kong-sik sin-bûn kio̍k hù kio̍k-tiúnn, sin-bûn huat-giân jîn.\n\nHa̍k-li̍k\n---------\n\n* Pak-kiann hâng-khong hâng-thian tāi-ha̍k guā-kok gú ha̍k-īnn pún-kho (tāi-ha̍k pōo).\n* Pak-kiann hâng-khong hâng-thian tāi-ha̍k guā-kok gú ha̍k-īnn si̍k-sū.\n* Tshing-huâ tāi-ha̍k kong-kiōng kuán-lí si̍k-sū.\n\nKing-li̍k\n---------\n\nTī 2003-nî 7-gue̍h khí teh Tiong-kiōng tiong-iong tâi-uân pān-kong-sik, Tiong-kok kok-bū-īnn tâi-uân sū-bū pān-kong-sik kang-tsok. 2010-nî 9-gue̍h tsì 2019-nî 1-gue̍h, tam-jīm Tiong-kiōng tiong-iong tâi-pān, Tiong-kok kok-bū-īnn tâi-pān káng-ò (港澳) siap-tâi sū-bū kio̍k hù tshù-tiúnn, tshù-tiúnn. 2019-nî 1-gue̍h, tam-jīm Tiong-kiōng tâi-pān, Tiong-kok Tiong-kok kok-bū-īnn kok-tâi pān káng-ò sia̍p-tâi sū-bū kio̍k hù kio̍k-tiúnn, kâng--nî 2019-nî 8-gue̍h khí tshut-jīm Tiong-kiōng tiong-iong tâi-pān, Tiong-kok kok-tâi pān sin-bûn kio̍k hù kio̍k-tiúnn.\n\nSiong-kuan hîng-su̍t\n--------------------\n\nTī 201-nî 11-gue̍h 27-ji̍t, Tiong-kiōng tâi-pān, Tiong-kok kok-tâi pān teh Pak-kiann kí-hîng sin-bûn huat-pòo huē, Tsu Hōng-liân tsìng-sik bīn-hiòng muî-thé liōng-sióng (亮相), khai-sí í Tiong-kiōng tiong-iong tâi-pān sin-bûn kio̍k hù kio̍k-tiúnn sin-hūn kiam-jīm sin-bûn huat-giân jîn. Tse-sī suà-lo̍h Huān Lē-tshing (范麗青) liáu-āu Tiong-kiōng kok-tâi pān tē-jī uī lú-sìng sin-bûn huat-giân jîn. Muî-thé pò-tō, Tsu Hōng-liân ē-hiáng kóng bân-lâm uē, kheh-ka uē; Thâu-tsi̍t-pái huat-pòo huē tíng-kuân i iōng phóo-thong uē (普通話), bân-lâm gú kap kheh-ka uē (客家話) hiòng Tâi-uân-lâng mn̄g hó; pīng-tshiánn piáu-sī ū ki-huē teh sin-bûn huat-pòo tâi tíng-kuân uī Tâi-uân hiong-tshin the̍h-kiong ho̍k-bū. 2021-nî 3-gue̍h 17-ji̍t, Tsu Hōng-liân piáu-sī, 2020-nî tāi-lio̍k í-king hiòng tâi-uân thong-pò ông-lâi bô ha̍p-keh tsîng-hóng ta̍t-kàu 28 phue-tshù, khiok bī tik-tio̍h tâi-uân hong-bīn jīm-hô huê-ìng, lî-tshiánn Tâi-uân lông-ui-huē (台灣農委會) huán-pok kan-na ū 13 kiānn niā-niā. 2021-nî 3-gue̍h 29-ji̍t, tsiam-tuì 2021-nî 新Sin-kiong mî-hue tsing-gī sū-kiānn, Tsu Hōng-liân kóng: (Guā-pōo huán-huâ sè-li̍k phàu-tsè (炮製) kiông-pik lô-tōng (強迫勞動), tsióng-tso̍k bia̍t-tsua̍t (種族滅絕) ting-ting iâu-giân, bo̍k-tik sī buah-oo tāi-lio̍k ê hîng-siōng, phò-huāi Sin-kiong an-tsuân ún-tīng, at-tsóo tāi-lio̍k ê huat-tián; in tsia-ê lâng sa mî-hue ê tāi-tsì, siūnn-khang siūnn-phāng kóng-tang kóng-sai (說事), kuānn nâ-á ké sio-kim (醉翁之意不在酒), sī lóng-bô té-suànn tiam-hiah lóng-teh lām-sám-bú (亂搞) koh-lâi bû-bia̍t buah-oo (誣衊抹黑). 2021-nî 11-gue̍h, tsiam-tuì hông lia̍t-tuann teh (Tâi-to̍k) ê bân-tshâ-thâu (áu-siòng-kong) tshing-tuann tíng-kuân ê lâng kám-kak kong-îng ê kóng-huat,Tsu Hōng-liân kóng: Thiàu jû kuân, siak jû tāng! (跳得越高，摔得越重!)\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"國台辦發言人朱鳳蓮：盼能來台與客家鄉親面對面交流\". *聯合新聞網*. 2022-01-26. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2022-10-06. 2022-10-04 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. 1 2 \"国台办新任发言人朱凤莲首秀：双硕士学历且熟练掌握闽南语、客家话\". *央视网*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2020-03-27. 2019-11-27 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"外国语学院校友朱凤莲新任国台办发言人\". *北京航空航天大学外国语学院*. 2019-11-28. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2020-01-30. 2019-11-28 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ 王子瑄 (2021-03-17). \"誰有錯？國台辦曝曾通報鳳梨違規28次 網酸：民進黨已讀不回\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 中時新聞網. goân-loē-iông tī 2021-11-06 hőng khó͘-pih.\n5. ↑ 楊淑閔 (2021-03-31). \"國台辦稱通報台灣鳳梨不合格28件 陳吉仲批數據不實\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 中央通訊社. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2021-04-01.\n6. ↑ 呂佳蓉 (2021-03-29). \"陸國台辦：民進黨政府抹黑誣衊大陸「是極端惡毒的」\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 經濟日報. goân-loē-iông tī 2021-11-06 hőng khó͘-pih.\n7. ↑ \"聯合新聞網：被列台獨清單感光榮？ 朱鳳蓮：跳得越高，摔得越重！\". Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2021-11-11. 2021-11-11 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Pak-kiann hâng-khong hâng-thian tāi-ha̍k (北京航空航天大學)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 雞蛋再現搶購潮…國台辦發言人朱鳳蓮嘲執政黨「八缺」：袒護包庇、推諉卸責 (Hàn-gí)\n* 國台辦朱鳳蓮來台適當時機？陸委會：兩岸疫情趨緩後 (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chu Hōng-liân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1749,4383,0.3990417522245038],"infobox":["\n
    Tsu Hōng-liân
    \n(朱凤莲)
    \n
    Tī 2021-nî 3-gue̍h tsiū tâi-to̍k tsè-hiàn (台獨制憲) huat-giân.
    Tiong-kok kok-bū-īnn tâi-uân sū-bū pān-kong-sik
    \n
    \nChiū-jīm
    2019-nî 8-gue̍h
    Kio̍k-tiúnn\nMá Hiáu-kong (马晓光)
    Chêng-jīm\nAn Hong-san (安峰山)
    Kò-jîn chu-sìn
    Chhut-sì\n1977 nî 11 goe̍h (45 hòe)
    Tiong-kok Kńg-tang Muî-tsiu
    Chèng-tóng\nCommunist Party of China
    Bú-hāu\nBeihang University
    Tsinghua University
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4586}} -{"text":"\n**David Abeel** (Hàn-miâ Ya Bili, 雅裨理, 1804 nî 6-go̍eh 12 kàu 1846 nî 9-go̍eh 4), Bí-kok Kong-lí-hōe phài khì Tang-lâm-a, Tiong-kok ê thoân-kàu-sū, i-seng; 1840 nî-tāi tī Ē-mn̂g soan-kàu.\n\nKap Bí-kok Kui-chèng Kong-hōe Kàu-hōe ū ha̍p-chok koan-hē.\n\n1826 nî tùi New Brunswick Sin-ha̍k-īⁿ pit-gia̍p.\n\nTī 1829 nî seng khì kàu Kńg-chiu. Hóng-mn̄g Java-tó, Thài-kok (1831). Sin-khu khiàm-an, tī 1833 nî tńg khì Bí-kok. Hóng-mn̄g Melaka, Borneo (1839).\n\n1842 nî (?) tī Kó·-lōng-sū (*Kolongsu*) siat 1-ê soan-thoân Ki-tok-kàu ê tiong-sim.\n\n1844 nî liáu-āu, i hām Borneo lâi ê Elihu Doty, William John Pohlman ha̍p-chok.\n\nI seⁿ tī Bí-kok New Jersey-chiu ê New Brunswick (1804); sí tī New York-chiu, Albany (1846).\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* Ricci Roundtable on the History of Christianity in China Archived 2004-08-14 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Amoymagic.com\n\n \n\n\n| **Thoân-kàu-sū** |\n| --- |\n| Alexandre de Rhodes - Robert Morrison - David Abeel - Hudson Taylor \nDorothy Stang - James Laidlaw Maxwell - George Gushue-Taylor - George Leslie Mackay -\nJohn Van Nest Talmage - William Burns - Kam-ûi-lîm (Fil) - Thomas Barclay -\nMatteo Ricci Walter Henry Medhurst - Francis Xavier - |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 55821496\n* LCCN: n93029310\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 1063 7273\n* GND: 137154186\n* SUDOC: 224978470\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"David Abeel","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[461,1131,0.40760389036251105],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1474}} -{"text":"\nChia kài-siāu ê sī 1949 nî iû tiong-kok kiōng-sán-tóng kiàn-li̍p, chit-má it-poaⁿ kóng ê kok-ka Tiong-kok, nā hâm-hô͘ ê \"Tiong-kok\" khài-liām, khòaⁿ Tiong-kok (iōng-gí); nā í-chêng thóng-tì tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k, chit-má sóa-khì tâi-oân ê chèng-khoân, khòaⁿ tiong-hôa-bîn-kok\n\n**Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok** (Hàn-jī: 中華人民共和國; Kán-hòa-jī: 中华人民共和国; Eng-gí: People's Republic of China), kán-chheng **Tiong-kok** (中國, Kán-hòa-jī: 中国), sī tiàm tī Tang A-chiusī ê siā-hōe-chú-gī kok-ka, tī 1949-nî 10 go̍eh 1 ji̍t sêng-li̍p, siú-to͘ tī Pak-kiaⁿ-chhī. Tiong-kok , thó͘-tē bīn-chek tāi-iok sī 960 bān pêng-hong kong-lí, sī sè-kài siōng pâi tī chêng kúi miâ ê kok-ka.\n\nTiong-kok ū 34 ê it-kip hêng-chèng-khu, pau-koat 23 ê séng, 5 ê chū-tī-khu, 4 ê ti̍t-hat-chhī, kap 2 ê te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu. \n\nTiong-kok ê jîn-kháu chhiau-kòe 14 ek (2022 nî), sī bo̍k-chêng sè-kài siōng jîn-kháu siōng chē ê kok-ka. Tiong-kok mā sī chi̍t ê to-bîn-cho̍k kok-ka, ū 56 ê bîn-cho̍k, kî-tiong Hàn-cho̍k jîn-kháu siōng chē, chiàm siōng-bô 9 siâⁿ.\n\nTiong-kok ê kok-gí sī Hôa-gí, chèng-sek chheng-ho͘ sī Hiān-tāi Piau-chún Hàn-gí chi-tiong ê Phó͘-thong-ōe, i sú-iōng ê bûn-jī sī kui-hoān Hàn-jī, mā kiò-chò kán-hòa-jī.\n\nTiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok bo̍k-chêng sī sè-kài tē-2 tōa keng-chè-thé, 2021 nî Tiong-kok ê GDP ū 17.7 tiāu Bí-kim, àn-chiàu kok-chè hōe-lu̍t kè-sǹg, pâi sè-kài tē-jī, kan-taⁿ su Bí-kok, àn-chiàu kò͘-bé-le̍k pêng-kè lâi kè-sǹg, sī sè-kài tē-it. 1978 nî Kái-kek khai-hòng āu, Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok sī keng-chè sêng-tióng siōng kín ê chi̍t ê chú-iàu keng-chè-thé, i ê GDP sêng-tióng-lu̍t tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī sè-kài thâu 20 miâ keng-chè-thé chi-tiong siōng koân ·ê.\n\nKok-miâ\n-------\n\nTiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok kok-miâ tiong, \"Tiong-hôa\" tāi-piáu Tiong-hôa Bîn-cho̍k, \"jîn-bîn\" tāi-piáu kang-lâng, chò-sit-lâng, sió chu-sán kai-kip kap bîn-cho̍k chu-sán kai-kip, \"kiōng-hô-kok\" tāi-piáu i ê kok-thé.\n\nTiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ū-sî ē hō͘ lâng kiò-chò \"Sin Tiong-kok\", che sī beh hām Sin Bīn-chú Chú-gī Kek-bēng sî-kî ê \"Kū Tiong-kok\" chò khu-hun. M̄-kò 1949 nî kàu 1971 nî chi-kan, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú î-sóa khì Tâi-oân liáu-āu, iu-goân hō͘ kok-chè siā-hōe tòng-chò sī Tiong-kok chèng-hú, jî-chhiáⁿ tī Liân-ha̍p-kok tiong koh chiàm-iú Tiong-kok ê se̍k-chhù; chit-ê sî-chūn ê Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok hō͘ lâng kiò-chò \"Âng-sek Tiong-kok\" (紅色中國; Eng-gí: Red China) ia̍h-sī \"Kiōng-sán Tiong-kok\" (共產中國; Eng-gí: Communist-controlled China), chóng-·sī i oân-á kian-chhî i ka-kī sī tāi-piáu Tiong-kok ê î-it ha̍p-hoat chèng-hú.\n\n1971 nî 10 goe̍h, Liân-ha̍p-kok Tāi-hōe thong-kòe Liân-ha̍p-kok Tāi-hōe Tē 2758 Hō Koat-gī, Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok tùi hit-sî khai-sí chhú-tit \"Tiong-kok\" ê se̍k-chhù kap siong-koan tē-ūi, \"Tiong-kok\" chit-ê sû mā chiām-chiām chiâⁿ-chò kok-chè siā-hōe tùi Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê chheng-ho͘. \"Tiong\" (中) ia̍h-sī \"Hôa\" (華) chia-ê kán-chheng mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ lóng sī teh chí-chheng Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok, chhiūⁿ-kóng \"Tiong-Ji̍t koan-hē\", \"chū-Hôa tāi-sài\" téng-téng.\n\n1949 nî í-āu, khòng-chè Tâi-oân tē-khu ê Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú kàu-taⁿ iáu-bōe tī hiàn-hoat chân-kip chú-tiuⁿ i ka-kī kap Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok sī bô-kâng ê nn̄g ê chú-khoân kok-ka, só͘-í i bô ài iōng chèng-sek kok-miâ lâi chheng-ho͘ Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok, tian-tò sī kā i kiò-chò \"Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k\", \"Tāi-lio̍k\", \"Tāi-lio̍k Tong-kio̍k\", \"Pak-kiaⁿ Tong-kio̍k\", ia̍h \"Tiong-kiōng\" téng-téng. Sī-kóng, Bîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng chip-chèng sî-kî, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú ū-sî mā ē ti̍t-chiap kóng \"Tiong-kok\" ia̍h-sī \"Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok\".\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Tiong-kok tē-lí\n### Niá-thó͘\n\nTiong-kok ê hoat-tēng kiong-he̍k pak chì Hek-liông-kang-séng Bô͘-hô-koān ê Hek-liông-kang hô-chhoan hâng-tō tiong-sim-tiám, tang chì Hek-liông-kang kap O͘-so͘-lí-kang ha̍p-káng ê Heixiazi-tó, sai chì Sin-kiong Uyghur Chú-tī-khu Ulugqat-koān se-hng ê Pamir koân-phiâⁿ, lâm chì Hái-lâm-séng koán-hat chi-hā, Lâm-soa Kûn-tó ê Chan-bú Àm-soa. Tang-sai kī-lī tāi-iok ū 5,200 km (hāⁿ-kòe 5 ê sî-khu), lâm-pak kī-lī tāi-iok ū 5,500 km.\n\nTiong-kok ê hái-hōaⁿ-sòaⁿ ū 18,000 km, óa-kīn Pu̍t-hái, N̂g-hái, Tang Tiong-kok Hái, Lâm Tiong-kok Hái, kî-tiong Pu̍t-hái sī Tiong-kok ê lāi-hái, lāi-hái kap piⁿ-hái chúi-he̍k bīn-chek tāi-iok 470 bān km2. iân-hái tó-sū ū 5000 gōa ê. Tiong-kok koh ū 3 ê chú-iàu ê hái-kiap: Pu̍t-hái Hái-kiap, O͘-chúi-kau, Khêng-chiu Hái-kiap.\n\nTiong-kok ê pian-kài-sòaⁿ lóng-chóng ū 22000 gōa km, sui-jiân iá ū chèng-gī, iû-goân sī sè-kài siōng tn̂g. I ū 14 ê lio̍k-siōng lîn-kok, sè-kài siōng chē, kah Lō͘-se-a pêⁿ chē.\n\nTiong-kok ê tēng-hêng-tô͘\n### Tē-hêng kap khì-hāu\n\nTiong-kok ê tē-sè sī sai koân tang kē, ē-sái hun-chò saⁿ gám gám-á\". Tē-1 gám sī se-lâm-pō͘ ê Chheng-Chōng Ko-gôan mā hō͘ lâng kiò-chò \"Sè-kài Chhù-chit\".\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n: Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok le̍k-sú kap Tiong-kok le̍k-sú\n### Kok-kiōng lāi-chiàn\n\n1917 nî Lō͘-se-a Cha̍p-goe̍h Kek-bēng sêng-kong, kiōng-sán-chú-gī thoân ·ji̍p-khì Tiong-kok. 1921 nî Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán Tóng tī Siōng-hái sêng-li̍p, in ê bo̍k-phiau sī beh kiàn-ji̍p chi̍t ê bû-sán kai-chip choan-chèng ê chèng-khoân. Chi̍t-khai-sí, in ka-ji̍p Kiōng-sán Kok-chè chiap-siū chí-tō, koh kap Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng ha̍p-chok, chham-ú Pak-hoa̍t Chiàn-cheng, m̄-koh 1927 nî Chiúⁿ Kài-chio̍h chò-thâu ê Tiong-kok Khòng-ji̍t Chiàn-cheng si̍t-si \"Chheng-tóng\", nn̄g-pêng soah koan-hē phò-lia̍t, sòa·-lo̍h-lâi 10 nî ê sî-kan tō put-sî teh sio-chiàn. 1930 nî-tāi, í Mô͘ Te̍k-tong chò-thâu ê pún-thó͘ phài la̍k-khoân, kiàn-li̍p tē-it ê iû Kiōng-sán-tóng chip-chèng ê chèng-khoân: Tiong-hoâ Soviet Kiōng-hô-kok. Tiong-kok Khòng-ji̍t Chiàn-cheng sî-kî, Kiōng-sán Tóng koh-chài hām Kok-bîn-tóng ha̍p-chok, chhú-sî Kiōng-sán-tóng ê sè-le̍k tau̍h-tau̍h-á hùn-tōa.1945 nî Tiong-kok Khòng-ji̍t Chiàn-cheng kiat-sok liáu-āu, Kok-kiōng chi-kan ê chhiong-tu̍t ián-piàn chiâⁿ-chò Tē-jī-chhù Kok-Kiōng Lāi-chiàn, lo̍h-bóe, Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán Tóng léng-tō ê Tiong-kok Jîn-bîn Kái-hòng Kun phah-pāi Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng ê Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kok-kun, thui-hoan Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok, chiàm-niá Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k, ah Chiúⁿ Kài-chio̍h kap i ê chèng-khoân tō͘-hái liû-bông kàu Tâi-oân tē-khu.\n\n### Kek-bēng Kiàn-siat\n\n### Kái-kek khai-hòng\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\nPak-kiaⁿ Tiong-an-ke tiong-ng ê Thian-an-mn̂g siâⁿ-lâu kap kóng-tiûⁿ sī Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê kok-ka kap chèng-tī siōng-teng.\nThian-an-mn̂g bīn-chêng ê tōa pak Mô͘ Te̍k-tong ōe-siōng sī ōe-ka Wang Guodong tī 1967 nî ōe ·ê. Siòng-phìⁿ ê chiân-kéng sī chi̍t sian Pak-kiaⁿ hong-siâⁿ ê suanni tiau-siōng, kiōng-kiōng só͘-ū ê chèng-hú ki-koan thâu-chêng lóng ū suanni, i sī kok-ka khoân-ui ê siōng-teng chi-it.\n### Kok-thé kap chèng-thé\n\nÀn-chiàu Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hiàn-hoat, Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok kok-thé sī ûi kang-lâng kai-chip léng-tō ê, í kang-lông liân-bêng ûi ki-chhó͘ ê, jîn-bîn bīn-chú choan-chèng ê siā-hōe-chú-gī kok-ka. Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok mā sī sè-kài siōng chió-sò͘ iû kiōng-sán-tóng chip-chèng, jî-chhiáⁿ soan-iông kiōng-sán-chú-gī ê kok-ka chi-it. Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê kok-ka ì-sek-hêng-thài sī Má-khek-su-chú-gī, koh ū Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán Tóng tī Má-khek-su-chú-gī ê ki-chhó͘ siōng thê-chhut ê Mô͘ Te̍k-tong Su-sióng, Tēng Siáu-pêng Lí-lūn, Saⁿ ê Tāi-piáu, Kho-ha̍k Hoat-tián Koan, Si̍p Kīn-pêng Sin Sî-tāi Tiong-kok Te̍k-sek Siā-hōe-chú-gī Su-sióng téng-téng lí-lūn. Kok-chèng hong-chiam pau-koat Jîn-bîn bîn-chú choan-chèng, Tiong-kok Te̍k-sek Siā-hōe-chú-gī kap Siā-hōe-chú-gī Chhī-tiúⁿ-keng-chè.\n\n### Chèng-hú kiat-kò͘\n\nChoân-kok Jîn-bîn Tāi-piáu Tāi-hōe (全國人民代表大會) sī kok-ka chòe-ko khoân-le̍k ki-koan; chú-iàu hêng-sú li̍p-hoat-khoân, pēng soán-chhut kok-ka goân-siú (Kok-ka Chú-se̍k), hêng-chèng ki-koan (Kok-bū-īⁿ), su-hoat ki-koan (Chòe-ko Jîn-bîn Hoat-īⁿ), kiám-chhat ki-koan (Chòe-ko Jîn-bîn kiám-chhat Īⁿ), kū-su ki-koan (Tiong-iong Kun-sū Úi-oân-hōe), kám-chhat ki-koan (Kok-ka Kàm-chhat Úi-oân-hōe) téng-téng ê.\n\n### Chèng-tī khoân-lī\n\n### Hêng-chèng-khu\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê hêng-chèng-khu\n\n| Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok hêng-chèng-khu tô͘ | Chân-kip | Hôa-hō, miâ, kán-chheng, séng-to͘/siú-hú |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n|   Séng (23 ê) \n  Chū-tī-khu (5 ê)) \n  Ti̍t-hat-chhī (4 ê)\n  Te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu (2 ê)\n |   si̍t-chè khòng-chè, tān-sī ū cheng-gī ê tē-khu\n  chú-tiuⁿ ū chū-khòaⁿ, tān-sī bô si̍t-chè thóng-tī ê tē-khu, ū cheng-gī ê tē-khu\n |\n\n | Séng | \n \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| \n* 1) Hô-pak-séng (Kì, Chio̍h-ka-chng-chhī)\n* 2) Soaⁿ-sai-séng (Chìn, Thài-goân-chhī)\n* 3) Liâu-lêng-séng (Liâu, Sím-iông-chhī)\n* 4) Kiat-lîm-séng (Kiat, Tiông-chhun-chhī)\n* 5) Hek-liông-kang-séng (Hek, Harbin-chhī)\n* 6) Kang-so͘-séng (So͘, Lâm-kiaⁿ-chhī)\n* 7) Chiat-kang-séng (Chiat, Hâng-chiu-chhī)\n* 8) An-hui-séng (Oán, Ha̍p-pûi-chhī)\n* 10) Kang-sai-séng (Kàm, Lâm-chhiong-chhī)\n* 11) Soaⁿ-tang-séng (Ló͘, Chè-lâm-chhī)\n* 12) Hô-lâm-séng (Ū, Tēⁿ-chiu-chhī)\n\n | \n* 13) Hok-kiàn-séng (Bân, Hok-chiu-chhī)\n* 13) Ô͘-pak-séng (Go̍k, Bú-hàn-chhī)\n* 14) Ô͘-lâm-séng (Siong, Tiông-sa-chhī)\n* 15) Kńg-tang-séng (Oa̍t, Kng-chiu-chhī)\n* 16) Hái-lâm-séng (Khêng, Hái-kháu-chhī)\n* 18) Kùi-chiu-séng (Kùi/Khiâm, Kùi-iông-chhī)\n* 19) Hûn-lâm-séng (Hûn/Tian, Khun-bêng-chhī)\n* 20) Siám-sai-séng (Siám/Chîn, Se-an-chhī)\n* 21) Kam-siok-séng (Kam/Lóng, Lân-chiu-chhī)\n* 22) Chheng-hái-séng (Chheng, Se-lêng-chhī)\n* 23) Tâi-oân-séng (Tâi, Tâi-pak-chhī) (ū cheng-gī)\n\n |\n\n |\n| Chú-tī-khu | \n* 24) Lāi-bông-kó͘ Chū-tī-khu (Lāi-bông-kó͘, Hohhot-chhī)\n* 25) Kńg-sai Chòng-cho̍k Chū-tī-khu (Kùi, Lâm-lêng-chhī)\n* 26) Se-chōng Chū-tī-khu (Chōng, Lhasa-chhī)\n* 27) Lêng-hā Hoê-cho̍k Chū-tī-khu (Lêng, Gîn-chhoan-chhī)\n* 28) Sin-kiong Uyghur Chū-tī-khu (Sin, Ürümchi-chhī)\n\n | * Séng kap chū-tī-khu ē-kha thong-siông ē ōe-hun tē-kip-chhī (pau-koat hù-séng-kip-chhī), tē-khu hêng-chèng kong-sú, chū-tī-chiu, bêng téng-téng tē-kip hêng-chèng-kun, tē-kip hêng-chèng-kun ē-kha ōe-hun koān, chū-tī-koān, koān-kip-chhī, kî, chū-tī-kî, chhī-hat-khu téng-téng koān-kip hêng-chèng-khu (koh ū Lîm-khu kap Te̍k-khu kok chi̍t ê te̍k-lē), koān-kip hêng-chèng-khu ē-kha ōe-hun hêng-chèng kiàn-chè tìn, hiong, bîn-cho̍k-hiong, sumu, ke-tō pān-sū-chhù téng-téng hiong-kip hêng-chèng-khu.\n* Ti̍t-hat-chhī ē-kha bô siat tē-kip hêng-chèng-khu, ti̍t-chiap ōe-hun koān-kip hêng-chèng-khu, (pau-koat hù-séng-kip chhī-hat-khu).\n* Káng-ò Te̍k-khu i It-kok-lióng-chè goân-chek, kin-kì Káng-ò Te̍k-khu ê *Ki-pún-hoat* chiàu-goân-ēng kū ê hêng-chèng khu-hun.\n* Tâi-oân-séng kap Hok-kiàn-séng ê Kim-mn̂g, Má-chó͘, O͘-khiu téng-téng tē-khu lóng sī iû Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú si̍t-chè thóng-tī.\n |\n| Ti̍t-hat-chhī | \n* 29) Pak-kiaⁿ-chhī (Kiaⁿ, Thong-chiu-khu)\n* 30) Thian-chin-chhī (Chin, Hô-sai-khu)\n* 31) Siōng-hái-chhī (Hō͘, Hông-phó͘-khu)\n* 32) Tiông-khèng-chhī (Jû, Jû-tiong-khu)\n\n |\n| Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu | \n* 33) Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu (Káng)\n* 34) ò-mn̂g Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu (ò)\n\n |\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\n### Keng-chè chōng-hóng\n\n### Lêng-goân kap khòng-sán\n\nTiong-kok sī sè-kài siōng gâu khai lêng-goân ê kok-ka, mā sī lêng-goân seng-sán siōng chē ê kok-ka. 2016 nî seng-sán tiān-le̍k 5.883 tiāu tō͘ tiān, siau-mô͘ 5.564 tiāu tō͘ tiān.\n\n### Kau-thong\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Tiong-kok ê kau-thong\nTiong-kok ū thih-lō͘ hē-thóng, kong-lō͘ hē-thóng, hâng-khong hē-thóng, hâng-ūn hē-thóng kap pipeline ūn-su kò͘-sêng ê kau-thong ūn-su-bāng.\n\n### Kok-chè bō͘-e̍k\n\nTiong-kok sī Sè-kài Bō͘-e̍k Cho͘-chit ê sêng-goân, i sī tī 2001 nî ká-ji̍t-·khì ·ê.\n\nKho-ki\n------\n\n### Chū-sìn kho-ki\n\nTiong-kok ū Hôa-ûi, Lenovo chi̍p-thoân, Siáu-bí Kho-ki, OPPO téng-téng kò-jîn tiān-náu kap chhiū-ki kong-si.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\n### Cho̍k-kûn\n\n: Tiong-hôa Bîn-cho̍k kap Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê bîn-cho̍k chèng-chhek\nTiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê hoat-tēng bîn-cho̍k ū 56 ê, ha̍p-chheng Tiong-hôa Bîn-cho̍k, kî-tiong ê chú-thé sī Hàn-cho̍k. Tû-khì Hàn-cho̍k lia̍h-gōa ê 55 cho̍k lóng hŏng kiò-chò \"siáu-sò͘ bîn-cho̍k\", \n\n### Gí-giân kap bûn-jī\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Tiong-kok ê gí-giânChham-oa̍t: Hiān-tāi Piau-chún Hàn-gí, Phó͘-thong-ōe, kui-hoān Hàn-jī, kap Hàn-gí Pheng-imTiong-kok ê gí-giân chin chē, ē-sái hun-c 5 ê hò gí-giân ka-cho̍k: Hàn-chōng gí-hē, Altai gí-hē, Lâm-tó gí-hē, Lâm-a gí-hē, Ìn-au gí-hē. Hàn-chōng gí-hē ē-kha ê Hàn-gí sī Tiong-kok lāi-té sú-iōng jîn-kháu siōng chē ·ê, mā sī sè-kài siōng sú-iōng jîn-kháu siōng ·ê. Hàn-gí ē-kha pau-hâm 7 ê tōa hun-chi: Koaⁿ-ōe, Ngô͘-gí, Oa̍t-gí, Bân-gí, Siong-gí, Kàm-gí, Kheh-ka-gí, in hō͘ Tiong-kok ê gí-giân-ha̍k-ka tòng-chò Hân-gí ê \"hong-giân\".\n\nTiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok tī 2000 nî thong-kòe *Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Thong-iōng Gí-giân Bûn-jī Hoat*, i-hoat chiong Phó͘-thong-ōe kap kui-hoān Hàn-jī tēng ûi kok-ka thong-iōng gí-giân bûn-jī, í-piān choân-kok kok-cho̍k jîn-bîn ko͘-thong kau-liû. Chèng-hú ūn-hù tī te̍k-tēng chêng-hêng hā pó-liû hoân-thé hàn-jī, jî-chhiáⁿ hō͘ kok bîn-cho̍k ē-sái khì sú-iōng kap hoat-tián ka-kī ê gí-giân kap bûn-jī. Kok-ka thong-iōng-gí Phó͘-thong-ōe sī \"í Pak-kiaⁿ gí-im ûi phiau-chún im, í pak-hng-ōe ûi ki-chhó͘ hong-giân, í tián-hoān ê hiān-tāi pe̍h-ōe-bûn tù-chok ûi gí-hoat kui-hoān.\"\n\nTiong-kok ê siáu-sò͘ cho̍k-kûn mā sú-iōng in ka-kī ê gí-giân, pí-lūn-kóng Bông-kó͘-gí, Chōng-gí, Uyghur-gí, Kazakh-gí, Tiâu-sián-gí, Î-gí, Chòng-gí téng-téng. \n\nSui-jiân Tiong-kok tī hoat-lu̍t siōng siá kóng ē pó-chiong só͘-ū gí-giân, si̍t-chè-siōng put-sî leh táⁿ-ap Phó͘-thong-ōe lia̍h-gōa ê gí-giân. Pí-lūn-kóng tī siáu-sò͘ bîn-cho̍k tē-khu, Tiong-kok chèng-hú chiām-chiām hān-chè siáu-sò͘ bîn-cho̍k sú-iōng bîn-cho̍k gí-giân lâi kha-chheh, chhut-pán, chhiūⁿ Bông-kó͘-gí, Chōng-gí, Uyghur-gí lóng ū siū-hāi ê kì-lio̍k, chit khoán chêng-hêng mā put-sî leh siū-tio̍h jîn-khoân jîn-sū ê phoe-phêng.\n\n### Chong-kàu sìn-ióng\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Tiong-kok ê chong-kàu\nTiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê koaⁿ-hong li̍p-tiûⁿ sī bû-sîn-lūn, bô siat-tì hoat-tēng chong-kàu, chèng-hú chi-chhî pēng chip-hêng hoán-chong-kàu ūn-tōng. Sui-jiân *Hiàn-hoat* pó-chiong chong-kàu chū-iû, koh ū Kok-ka Chong-kàu Sū-bū Kio̍k koán-lí kok-lāi chong-kàu sū-bū, tān-sī bô hō͘ chèng-hú phoe-chún ê chong-kàu cho͘-chit ē siū-tio̍h, ah-chē sīm-chì phò-hāi.\n\n* Hëytgah Chheng-chin-sī\n* Potala Kiong\n* Mō͘-ko-khut\n* Hoat-lûn-kong\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\n### Bûn-ha̍k\n\n### Gē-su̍t\n\n### Thé-io̍k\n\nKoh khòaⁿ\n---------\n\n* Tiong-kok (iōng-gí)\n* Tiong-kok-lâng\n* Tiong-hôa Bîn-cho̍k\n* Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok\n\nPī-chù\n------\n\n1. ↑ Nā sī bô pau-koat lio̍k-tē téng-koân ê chúi-he̍k, Tiong-kok sī tē-2 tōa; nā-sī sǹg chóng-bīn-chek, i sī tē-3 ia̍h tē-4 tōa. Bô-kâng ê kè-sǹg hong-sek ē hō͘ Tiong-kok kap Bí-kok ê pâi-miâ bô-kâng.\n2. ↑ Pau-koat i seng-chheng ûi niá-thó͘ tān bô si̍t-chè thóng-tī ê Tâi-oân-séng. Si̍t-chè koán-hat ·ê ū 22 ê séng.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ \"Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok siú-to͘\". Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Tiong-iong Jîn-bîn Chèng-hú. 2022-05-26 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ Countries of the world ordered by land area Archived 2010-03-05 at the Wayback Machine.. List of countries of the world in alphabetical order. [2022-05-26] (Eng-gí).\n3. ↑ 曹晓轩 (2012-04-20). \"*2010 nî Tē-6 Kài Choân-kok Jîn-kháu Phó͘-cha Chú-iàu Sò͘-kì Kong-pò*\" (ēng Hôa-gí). Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Kok-bū-īⁿ. 2016-01-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ Garry White (2013-02-10). \"China trade now bigger than US\". *The Telegraph* (ēng Eng-gí). 2022-05-26 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ Carl J. Dahlman和Jean-Eric Aubert (2001年). \"China and the Knowledge Economy: Seizing the 21st Century. WBI Development Studies\" (ēng Eng-gí). Education Resources Information Center. 2016-01-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ Angus Maddison (2007年). \"Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run\" (PDF) (ēng Eng-gí). Keng-chè Ha̍p-chok kap Hoat-tián Cho͘-chit. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2014-10-15 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-01-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n7. ↑ \"【圖表】台灣或中華民國？中國還是中國大陸？四位總統任內這樣叫\". *If Lin* (ēng Hôa-gí). The News Lens. 2018-08-23. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2021-10-30. 2022-05-26 khòaⁿ--ê.\n8. ↑ \"中国与邻国边界问题现状：约90%陆地边界已划定\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 搜狐新闻中心. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2013-12-17. 2010-04-01 khòaⁿ--ê.\n9. 1 2 \"中华人民共和国宪法\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 中国政府网. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2018-03-22. 2022-05-26 khòaⁿ--ê.\n10. ↑ 人民網. 黨的最終目標是什麼？共產主義社會有哪些基本特徵？. 中國共產黨新聞網. 2007年9月1日 [2016年1月22日] .\n11. ↑ 白墨 (2015-05-25). 「四個全面」：習近平為「中國夢」解夢. *BBC中文網*. BBC. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2022-05-23. 2022-05-26 khòaⁿ--ê.\n12. ↑ 习近平在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告. *党史教育学习网* (ēng Hôa-gí). 2017-10-28. goân-loē-iông tī 2022-05-23 hőng khó͘-pih. 2022-05-26 khòaⁿ--ê.\n13. ↑ An. Xi reiterates adherence to socialism with Chinese characteristics Archived 2013-12-06 at the Wayback Machine.. Sin-hôa-siā. 2013-01-05 [2016-01-22] (Eng-gí).\n14. ↑ \"The World Factbook - China\" (ēng Eng-gí). CIA. 2022-05-20.\n15. ↑ \"China and the WTO\" (ēng Eng-gí). WTO. 2022-05-27 khòaⁿ--ê.\n16. 1 2 中国语言文字概况. *Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Kàu-io̍k-pō͘* (ēng Hôa-gí). 中国政府网. 2019-03-22. goân-loē-iông tī 2022-03-22 hőng khó͘-pih. 2022-05-26 khòaⁿ--ê.\n17. ↑ 我国汉语七大方言区 (ēng Hôa-gí). 江山文艺广场. 2007-10-03. goân-loē-iông tī 2011-11-06 hőng khó͘-pih. 2022-05-27 khòaⁿ--ê.\n18. ↑ 第九屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會 (2005-08-31). \"中华人民共和国国家通用语言文字法\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 中華人民共和國政府. 2016-02-17 khòaⁿ--ê.\n19. ↑ *Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Thong-iōng Gí-giân Bûn-jī Hoat*. Pak-kiaⁿ: Choân-kok Jîn-bîn Tāi-piáu Tāi-hōe Siông-bū Úi-oân-hōe. 2000-10-31. (ēng Hôa-gí)\n20. ↑ Language Planning and Policy in Asia, Vol.1: Japan, Nepal and Taiwan and Chinese Characters. Multilingual Matters. 2008年8月7日: 第42頁 [2016年1月24日]. ISBN 978-1847690951 (Eng-gí).\n21. ↑ \"Ethnic Mongolians in China protest removal of traditional language in schools\" (ēng Eng-gí). Reuters. 2020-09-02. goân-loē-iông tī 2021-12-12 hőng khó͘-pih. 2022-05-27 khòaⁿ--ê.\n22. ↑ \"China's \"Bilingual Education\" Policy in Tibet—Tibetan-Medium Schooling Under Threat\" (ēng Eng-gí). Human Rights Watch. 2020-03-04. goân-loē-iông tī 2022-05-26 hőng khó͘-pih. 2022-05-27 khòaⁿ--ê.\n23. ↑ \"Poetry, the soul of Uighur culture, on verge of extinction in Xinjiang\". *Lily Kuo*. The Guadian. 2020-12-06. goân-loē-iông tī 2022-04-22 hőng khó͘-pih. 2022-05-27 khòaⁿ--ê.\n24. ↑ 对华援助协会发布《中国大陆境内基督教会和基督徒遭受政府逼迫的2016年度报告》 (ēng Hôa-gí). 2017-03-03. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2022-04-05. 2022-05-27 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Tiong-iong Jîn-bîn Chèng-hú Mn̂g-kháu Bāng-chām\n* Tiong-kok-bāng\n\n \n\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTang-a ê kok-ka |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Bông-kó͘ · Ji̍t-pún · Hân-kok · Pak Tiâu-sián · Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok (Tâi-oân) · Tiong-kok \n**I-lāi-tē**: Hiong-káng · Ò-mn̂g |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nA-chiu ê kok-ka kah i-lāi-tē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Kok-ka | A-la-pek Liân-ha̍p Thâu-lâng-kok · Abkhazia1 4 · Afghanistan · Ai-ki̍p5 · Armenia · Artsakh1 · Azerbaijan4 · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Bián-tiān · Bông-kó͘ · Bûn-lâi · Gruzia4 · Hui-li̍p-pin · Í-sek-lia̍t · Ìn-nî6 · Ìn-tō͘ · Iok-tàn · Iran · Iraq · Ji̍t-pún · Kán-po͘-chē · Kazakhstan4 · Ku-pí-lō͘4 · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Lâm Ossetia1 4 · Lī-pa-lùn · Láu-o · Lō͘-se-a4 · Má-lâi-se-a · Maldives · Nî-pô-lô · Oa̍t-lâm · Oman · Pak Ku-pí-lō͘1 4 · Pakistan · Palestine1 2 · Qatar · Saudi A-la-pek · Sin-ka-pho · Sri Lanka · Su-lī-a · Hân-kok · Tâi-oân1 3 · Tajikistan · Tang Timor6 · Thài-kok · Pak Tiâu-sián · Tiong-kok · Thó͘-ní-kî4 · Turkmenistan · Uzbekistan · Yemen |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ ê léng-thó͘ | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok | Akrotiri kap Dhekelia |\n| |\n| Tiong-kok | Hiong-káng  · Ò-mn̂g |\n| |\n| Ò-chiu | Cocos Kûn-tó  · Sèng-tàn-tó |\n\n |\n| |\n| Chhù: 1. M̄-sī Liân-ha̍p-kok ê hoē-oân-kok. 2.Chiáⁿ-koàⁿ Palestine būn-tê 3.M̄-sī chèng-sek ê kok-miâ, hō͘ Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok ê chèng-hú thóng-tì. Chiáⁿ-koàⁿ Tâi-oân būn-tê. 4. Mā sī Au-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. 5. Mā sī Hui-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. 6. Mā sī Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 132441531\n* LCCN: n79091151\n* GND: 4009937-4\n* BNF: cb11936107m (data)\n* HDS: 003405\n* NDL: 00326118\n* NKC: ge131732\n* BNE: XX4575410\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[9379,20663,0.45390311184242366],"infobox":["\n
    Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok
    中华人民共和国
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Tiong-kok
    \n
    kok-kî
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Tiong-kok
    \n
    kok-hui
    \n
    \n
    \nKok-koa: 义勇军进行曲
    \"Gī-ióng-kun chìn-hêng-khek\"
    \n
    Siú-to͘\nPak-kiaⁿ
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nSiōng-hái
    Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân\nHàn-gí Phó͘-thong-ōe
    sêng-jīn ê tē-hng gí-giân\n
    Chèng-hú\ntan-it-chè, Marx-Lenin-chú-gī, it-tóng-chè, Siā-hōe-chú-gī, kiōng-hô-kok
    • kok-ka chú-se̍k
    		\nSi̍p Kīn-pêng (mā sī Tiong Kiōng chóng-su-kì)
    • kok-bū-īⁿ chóng-lí
    		\nLí Kiông
    • Jîn-tāi úi-oân-tiúⁿ
    		\nTiō Lo̍k-chè
    • Chèng-hia̍p chú-se̍k
    		\nÔng Hō͘-lêng
    Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘\nChoân-kok Jîn-bîn Tāi-piáu Tāi-hōe
    Bīn-chek
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n9,596,961 km2 (3,705,407 sq mi) (tē 3 miâ)
    • chúi-he̍k (%)
    		\n2.8
    Jîn-kháu
    • 2020 nî phó͘-cha
    		\n\"Neutral 1,411,778,724
    • Bi̍t-tō͘
    		\n145/km2 (375.5/sq mi) (tē 83 miâ)
    GDP (PPP)\n2021 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Increase\" $26.66 bān-ek (tē 1 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Increase\" $18,931 (tē 100 miâ)
    GDP (bêng-gī)\n2021 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Increase\" $16.64 bān-ek (tē 2 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Increase\" $11,819 (tē 56 miâ)
    Gini (2018 nî)\n\"Negative 46.7
    ko
    HDI (2019 nî)\n\"Increase\" 0.761
    ko · tē 85 miâ
    Hoè-pè\nJîn-bîn-pè (元/¥) (CNY)
    Sî-khu\nUTC+8 (CST)
    Sî-kan keh-sek\nyyyy-mm-dd
    yyyy年m月d日 (CE; CE-1949)
    Siong-iōng tiān-goân\n220 V–50 Hz
    Khui-chhia hong-hiòng\niū
    Tiān-oē khu-hō\n+86
    ISO 3166 tāi-hō\nCN
    Siōng-téng domain\n.cn
    .中国
    .中國
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":22877}} -{"text":"Tiong-kok kho-ha̍k-īnn Tshim-tsùn sian-tsìn ki-su̍t gián-kiù-īnn tang-lâm mn̂g.\n**Tiong-kok kho-ha̍k-īnn tshim-tsùn sian-tsìn ki-su̍t gián-kiù-īnn** (hàn-gú: 中國科學院深圳先進技術研究院, kán-tshing kiò-tsò **Tshim-tsùn sian-tsìn-īnn** (深圳先進院)), khiā-tī Tiong-kok Kńg-tang síng Tshim-tsùn tshī Lâm-san khu Tshim-tsùn tāi-ha̍k siânn, Kong-bīn khu kong-bîng kho-ha̍k siânn. Sîng-li̍p tī 2006-nî, iû Tiong-kok khoh-ak-īnn, Tshim-tsùn tshī jîn-bîn tsìng-hú í-ki̍p Hiong-káng tiong-bûn tāi-ha̍k sam-hong kiōng-tông sóo kiàn-li̍p.\n\nLi̍k-sú ên-kik\n--------------\n\n### Tshim-tsùn sian-tsìn ki-su̍t gián-kiù-īnn\n\n2006-nî, 9-gue̍h, Tiong-kok kho-ha̍k-īnn tshim-tsùn sian-tsìn ki-su̍t gián-kiù-īnn sîng-li̍p.\n\n2009-nî, 5-gue̍h, Tiong-kho-īnn Tshim-tsún sian-tsìn-īnn ji̍p-tsū Tshim-tsùn tāi-ha̍k-siânn; 12-gue̍h, Tiong-kho-īnn Tshim-tsún sian-tsìn-īnn thong-kuè Tiong-kok kho-ha̍k-īnn hām Tshim-tsùn tshī ê tsìng-sik giām-siu.\n\n2010-nî, 1-gue̍h, Tiong-kho-īnn Tshim-tsùn sian-tsìn-īnn tsio-khui tē-it kài li-su-huē.\n\n2013-nî, 6-gue̍h, Tiong-kok kho-ha̍k-īnn tē-it king ê tsuan-gia̍p ha̍k-īnn Tiong-kok kho-ha̍k-īnn tshim-tsùn sian-tsìn ki-su̍t gián-kiù-īnn sîng-li̍p.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"人民网：院市合作共建中科院深圳先进技术研究院----中国科学院\". *www.cas.cn*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2020-10-23. 2020-10-21 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"深圳先进技术研究院入驻新园区\". *中国科学院*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2023-02-25. 2023-02-25 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"中科院深圳先进技术研究院12月17日正式通过验收\". *中国政府网*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2023-02-25. 2023-02-25 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"深圳先进院第一届理事会一次会议召开\". *中国科学院*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2023-02-25. 2023-02-25 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"中国科学院大学深圳先进技术学院在深揭牌成立-中新网\". *www.chinanews.com*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2020-10-23. 2020-10-21 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Chinese Academy of Sciences (中國科學院)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院Archived 2020-10-27 at the Wayback Machine. (Hàn-gí)\n* 突破技術封鎖 中國自主研發核磁共振儀成功並啟動量產 (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Tiong-kok Kho-ha̍k-īⁿ Chhim-chùn Sian-chìn Ki-su̍t Gián-kiù-īⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[795,1966,0.4043743641912513],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2257}} -{"text":"**Tiuⁿ Siù-khîm** (張秀琴; 1963 nî  chhut-sì ) sī chi̍t ūi Tâi-oân ê koa-á-hì ián-oân kiam tō-ián, lâng lóng kiò i **A-gû** (阿牛), **Gû-ko͘** (牛姑) ia̍h-sī **Gû-î** (牛姨).\n\nTiuⁿ Siù-khîm bat chham-ú kòe Tiong-sī ê *Chû-hûn Thài-chú* (慈雲太子), *Lí Sè-bîn Bāng-iû Kì* (李世民夢遊記) ê tiān-sī koa-á-hì ê piáu-ián; lēng-goā mā chham-ú kòe lo̍k-chè *Sam Chìn-sū* (三進士), *Liông-hōng-siuⁿ* (龍鳳廂), *Hoa-tiân-chhò* (花田錯) téng-téng tiān-sī koa-á-hì chok-phín.\n\nI só͘ tō-ián ê koa-á-hì chok-phín ū *Hiat-jiám-chêng* (血染情).\n\nI mā niá-hâm chú-ián *Chōe* (罪), *Ang-bó͘-chêng* (尪某情), *Sio-piáⁿ Hông-tè* (燒餅皇帝), *Chiong-kûi Thoân-kî* (鍾馗傳奇), *Sam-chhun-hui* (三春暉), *Hiat-jiám-chêng*, *Hoān-lê Hiàn Se-si* (范蠡獻西施), *Mūi-ô͘-chiù* (魅湖咒), *Gio̍k-se̍k-piàn* (玉石變) téng-téng ê toā-hêng bú-tâi kong-ián ê koa-á-hì.\n\nKî-tiong, *Hiat-jiám-chêng*, *Hoān-lê Hiàn Se-si* kap *Gio̍k-se̍k-piàn* ū tit-tio̍h Kok-ka Bûn-hoà Gē-su̍t Ki-kim-hōe ê choan-àn chióng-chō͘.\n\n外部連結\n----\n\n* Tâi-oân Kok-li̍p Thoân-thóng Gē-su̍t Tiong-sim ê Tiuⁿ Siù-khîm chu-liāu bāng-ia̍h Archived 2013-06-27 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Tiuⁿ Siù-khîm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[120,1051,0.11417697431018078],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1250}} -{"text":"**Tân Ta̍t-jû** (**陳達儒**) (1917 nî 2 goe̍h 10 ji̍t – 1992 nî 10 goe̍h 24 ji̍t), pún-miâⁿ **Tân Hoat-seng** (**陳發生**), Tâi-ôan chhut-miâⁿ ê liû-hêng im-ga̍k-ka. 1917 nî chhut-sì tī Tâi-pak Báng-kah. Siá chin-chē koa-sû. I khah chut-miâⁿ ê koa-khek ū *Pe̍h-bó͘-tan*, *Chheng-chhun Niáⁿ*, *Sim-seng-seng* (心酸酸), *An-pêng Tui-sióng-khek*, *Chheng-chhun Pi-hí khek*, *Káng-piⁿ Sioh-pia̍t*, *Lâm-to͘ Iā-khek* téng-téng. Kî-tiong *Pe̍h-bó-tan*, *Chheng-chhun Pi-hí Khiok*, kap *Lâm-to͘ Iā-khek* siōng chhut-miâⁿ. Chit 3-siú koa hun-piat biâu-siá bô-kâng sî-tāi, bô-kâng pōe-kéng, kap bô-kâng kéng-gū ê 3-tōaⁿ ài-chêng kò-sū, tī Tâi-ôan chin-chē lâng chit 3 tiâu koa ke-kiám ē-hiáu chhiùⁿ 1-2 kù--a. Tân Ta̍t-jû it-seng siá ê koa-sû liong-kî-iok ū 300 gōa siú, kî-tiong 50 gōa siú koa khah ū-lâng chaiⁿ. Tī 1989 nî siū-poaⁿ Tiong-hôa bîn-kok chú-pān ê \"Kim-khek-chióng\" ê tiat-piat-chióng, hō-lâng kóng sī \"Tâi-oân koa-iâu-kài ê châi-chú\".\n\nTân Ta̍t-jû siá-ê koa-sū\n------------------------\n\n1945 í-chêng\n* Pe̍h-bó͘-tan (白牡丹)\n* Siang Gān Iáⁿ (雙雁影)\n* Chheng-chhun Niáⁿ (青春嶺)\n* Káng-piⁿ Sek-pia̍t/Sioh-pia̍t (港邊惜別)\n* Gún M̄-chai--lah (阮不知啦)\n\n1945 í-aū\n* An-pêng Tui-sióng-khek (安平追想曲)\n* Lâm-to͘ Iā-khek (南都夜曲)\n* Hun-chiú Koa (煙酒歌)\n* Chheng-chhun Pi-hí Khek (青春悲喜曲)\n\nGōa-pō͘-thâu ê liân-kiat\n------------------------\n\n* Archived 2004-12-07 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Archived 2004-12-17 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Tân Ta̍t-jû","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[331,1272,0.26022012578616355],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1562}} -{"text":"\n**Tēng Siáu-pêng** (鄧小平, 1904 nî 8 goe̍h 22 ji̍t – 1997 nî 2 goe̍h 19 ji̍t), chêng Tiong-kiōng Tiong-iong kun-úi chú-se̍k, Kok-bū-īⁿ hù chóng-lí. Tēng Siáu-pêng chāi-siⁿ ê sî-chūn kóng ka-kī sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng kah Tiong-kok kok-ka ê tē-jī tāi léng-tō-lâng, chit-ê kóng-hoat hō͘-lâng kóng-hōan ūn-iōng. Tēng Siáu-pêng sī Tiong-kok kái-kek khai-hòng kah it-kok-lióng-chè ê thê-gī chiá, sī Tiong-kok àn 1978 nî kàu 1997 nî tiong-kan, chèng-hú si̍t-chè siōng-kôan ê léng-tō-jîn. Tēng Siáu-pêng ê chèng-chhek chha-put-to í-keng éng-hiáng tio̍h chit-ê sî-kî múi-1-ê tòa-tī Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k ê lâng, tī i ê léng-tō chi-hā, chhian-chhian bān-bān ê Tiong-kok-lâng, seng-o̍ah chúi-pêⁿ tit-tio̍h chin-tōa ê kái-siān.\n\nChá-nî ê seng-oa̍h\n------------------\n\nTēng Siáu-pêng gôan-miâ kiò **Tēng Hi-hiân** (鄧希賢), chhut-sì tī Sù-chhoan-séng tang-pō͘ ê Kóng-an-kōan, hit-tong-sî i ê ka-kéng ôan-ná sǹg-sī bōe-bái. 1919 nî, Tēng Siáu-pêng lī-khui ka-hiong, tī Tiông-khèng 1-keng Liû-ha̍k Ū-pī Ha̍k-hāu tha̍k-chheh, 1920 nî 9 go̍eh, chèng-sek khì Hoat-kok liû-ha̍k. Tī Hoat-kok kî-kan, i ka-ji̍p Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng, chiông-sū kiōng-sán chú-gī ūn-tōng. 1925 nî nî-bóe, Tēng Siáu-pêng lī-khui Hoat-kok, chêng-óng So͘-liân. Tī Bo̍k-su-kho seng-o̍ah tit-beh 1-nî ê sî-kan, liáu-āu tò-tńg-khì Tiong-kok. Hôe-kok āu, Tēng Siáu-pêng bat tiàm Se-an chham-ka kong-chok. Tāi-iok tī-leh Tē 1 chhù Kok-Kiōng Ha̍p-chok phò-lia̍t liáu-āu, Tēng--sian ê kang-chok chóan-kàu Bú-hàn, \"Tēng Siáu-pêng \"chit-ê miâ to̍h-sī hit-ê sî-chūn ké--kòe-lâi-ê. 1928 nî, Tēng Siáu-pêng tam-jīm Tiong-kiōng Tiong-iong pì-su-tiúⁿ, hoat-tòng kòe kúi-nā-pái ê khí-gī. \n\n1931 nî, Tēng Siáu-pêng lâi-kàu Kang-sai, hit-sî i sī Mô͘ Te̍k-tong ê chi-chhî-chiá chi-it, só͘-í mā siū-tioh chó-phài sè-le̍k ê ap-pek. 1934 nî 10 go̍eh, Âng-kun tiông-cheng khai-sí, tī Chun-gī hōe-gī liáu-āu, Mô͘ Te̍k-tong chiâⁿ-chòe Kiōng-sán-tòng ê léng-tō-lâng, koat-tēng hoe-ho̍k Tēng Siáu-pêng gôan-té ê chit-bū. Khòng-Ji̍t chiàn-cheng po̍k-hoat liáu-āu, Tēng Siáu-pêng chiâⁿ-chòe Pat-lō͘-kun chèng-tī-pō· hù chú-jīm. 1945 nî, tī Tiong-kiōng tē-7 chhù tāi-piáu tāi-hōe siōng, i tòng-sóan Tiong-iong úi-ôan. Kok-Kiōng lâi-chiàn ê sî-kî, i chham-ú chin-chōe pái tiōng-tāi ê chiàn-e̍k, sī i hām Lâu Pek-sêng chò-hóe kong-chiām sai-lâm tē-khu ê Hûn-lâm, Kùi-chiu kah Sù-chhoan chià-ê séng-hūn.\n\nTiong-kok kiàn-kok chho͘-kî\n---------------------------\n\nTiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok kiàn-kok ê chho͘-kî, Tēng Siáu-pêng it-ti̍t tiàm-tī sai-lâm séng-hūn kong-chok (tam-jīm sai-lâm-kiok su-kì), chú-iàu sī thui-sak thó͘-tē kái-kek chèng-chhek. 1952 nî, Tēng Siáu-pêng tiāu-khì Pak-kiaⁿ, tam-jīm Kok-bū-īⁿ (hit-sî kiò Chèng-bū-īⁿ) hù chóng-lí, keh-nî iū-koh chiap-jīm Châi-chèng pō͘-tiúⁿ. 1954 nî ê 4 go̍eh, Tēng Siáu-pêng chhut-jīm Tiong-kiōng Tiong-iong pì-su-tiúⁿ, kang-chok tāng-sim ùi chèng-hú chóan-î kàu tóng-lāi. 1955 nî 4 go̍eh, Tēng Siáu-pêng iū-koh ji̍p-sóan Chèng-tī-kio̍k, chìn-ji̍p Kiōng-sán-tóng ê hu̍t-sim ki-kò͘. Tiong-kiōng tē-8 kài it-tiong chôan-hōe liáu-āu, Tēng Siáu-pêng tòng-sóan chò Tiong-iong úi-ôan-hōe chóng-su-kì, kah Lâu Siàu-kî chò-hóe hū-chek ji̍t-siông ê sū-bū. \n\nPún-jiân, Tēng Siáu-pêng hām Mô͘ Te̍k-tong, Chiu Un-lâi it-ti̍t sǹg-sī tah-sim ê pêng-iú, chìn-chêng in ê su-jîn koan-hē mā chin-bā. Tāi-io̍k-chìn (大躍進) liáu-āu, Mô͘ Te̍k-tong tī Kiōng-sán-tóng lāi-pō͘ ê kôan-ui tē-ūi siū-kàu thiáu-chiàn, Lâu Siàu-kî hām Tēng Siáu-pêng ê tē-ūi khai-sí siōng-seng, in 2-lâng thui-hêng ê kái-kek tī chôan-kok siū-tio̍h chin-tōa ê chi-chhî. Che chin-tōa ê chhì-kek tio̍h Mô͘Te̍k-tong, Mô͘ Te̍k-tong lú-lâi-lú hôan-ló ē sit-khì kôan-le̍k. Mô͘ Te̍k-tong khai-sí lī-iōng i ê chèng-tī éng-hiáng, tī chôan-kok hōan-ûi-lāi hoat-tōng 1-tiûⁿ ê chèng-tī ūn-tōng, khì-tô͘ chhia-tó i ê chèng-te̍k.\n\nBûn-hòa tāi kek-bēng\n--------------------\n\n1966 nî, Tiong-kok bûn-hòa tāi kek-bēng po̍k-hoat, Tēng Siáu-pêng hông jīn-tiāⁿ sī \"tē-jī hō cháu-chu-phài \"(kiâⁿ chu-pún chú-gī lō͘-sòaⁿ ê phái-pia̍t ), chū-án-ne, chêng 1967 nî liáu-āu, Tēng Siáu-pêng to̍h hán-tit kong-khai lō͘-bīn lo̍h, chhú-khì, Tēng Siáu-pêng koh-khah sī siū-tio̍h âng-ōe-peng giâm-gâi ê phoe-tò͘ kah nńg-kìm, i ê tōa-hàn hāu-seⁿ Tēng Phok-hong hō͘ âng-ōe-peng lêng-tī kah pìⁿ-chiâⁿ pòan-sin-put-sûi, 1-sì-lâng thoa-phiaⁿ (chân-hùi). 1968 nî 10 go̍eh, Tēng Siáu-pêng hông thiat-siau tī tóng-lāi it-chhè ê chit-bū. \n\n1969 nî 10 go̍eh, Tēng Siáu-pêng hô͘-lâng sàng-khì Kang-sai ê chi̍t-ê kang-tiûⁿ chiap-siū lô-kài. Kàu-kah 1971 nî, chèng-tī kio̍k-sè kái-piàn, Tēng Siáu-pêng siāng chú-iàu ê chèng-te̍k Lîm Piu hoat-tòng chèng-piàn sit-pāi jî-chhiáⁿ tī-leh tô-bông ê sî-chūn in-ūi hui-ki sit-sū siak--sí. Tēng Siáu-pêng siá-phoe hō͘ Mô͘ Te̍k-tong, iau-kiû hoe-hok kang-chok. 1973 nî 2 go̍eh, Tēng Siáu-pêng lī-khui Kang-sai, tò-tńg-khì Pak-kiaⁿ, hoe-hok Kok-bū-īⁿ hù chóng-lí ê chit-bū. Ah-m̄-koh bô-lōa-kú liáu-āu, \"Sù-lâng-pang \"hoat-tōng àm-tiong chiam-tui Chiu Un-lâi ê \"phoe Lîm phoe khóng ūn-tōng \", tō-tì Tēng Siáu-pêng ê tē-ūi ū khó-lêng sûi-sî péng-pôaⁿ. Hó-ka-chài, chit-tiûⁿ ê phoe-tò· pēng bô ián-tó Chiu Un-lâi. 1974 nî nî-thâu, Chiu Un-lâi kiàn-khong chōng-hóng ok-hòa, Tēng Siáu-pêng chhut-bīn chú-chhî chèng-hú ji̍t-siông ê khang-khoè. 1974 nî 4 go̍eh, Tēng Siáu-pêng tī-leh Niú-iok chhut-se̍k Liân-ha̍p-kok hōe-gī ê sî-chūn, thê-chhut chiong kok-che pun-chòe \"3-ê sè-kài \"ê koan-tiám. 1975 nî, tī Mô͘ Te̍k-tong ê thê-gī chi hā, Tēng Siáu-pêng chhut-jīm Kok-bū-īⁿ tē-it hú chóng-lí, lio̍h-á ū chhú-tāi Ông Hông-bûn chiap-pan ê khóan-sè, tī-sú 4-lâng-pang ê tē-ūi khai-sí tín-tāng--khì-lâi. 1975 nî nî-thâu ê hêng-sè tùi Tēng Siáu-pêng hām i ê chi-chhî-chiá lâi-kóng kán-na ū khah iú-lī, Mô͘ Te̍k-tong koh 1-pái tī tóng-lāi phoe-phêng 4-lâng-pang, Ông Hông-bûn mā hông tiāu tńg-khì Siōng-hái. Put-lī-kò kàu-kah nî-té, kio̍k-sè hiông-hiông iū-koh chóan-piàn, Tēng Siáu-pêng chhiáng-gī pēng-chhiáⁿ thui-sak keng-chè kiàn-siat ê chèng-chhek ín-khì Mô͘ Te̍k-tong ê hóan-kám, hit-sî, Mô͘ Te̍k-tong jîn-ûi chèng-tī kang-chok iu-gôan ài khng-tī tē-it-ūi. 1976 nî nî-thâu, Chiu Un-lâi kòe-sin, Tēng Siáu-pêng koh-1-pái cho-siū phoe-tò͘. Sui-jiân 4-lâng-pang thàn-tio̍h ki-hōe hòng-sù khau-sé kah boah-o͘ Tēng Siáu-pêng, m̄-koh khiok-sī bōe-tàng tī-tio̍h kûn-chiòng ê hiáng-èng, tian-tó, tī 4 go̍eh-hūn ê Thian-an-bûn sū-kiāⁿ--lih, chin-chōe lâng tah-chhut tōa-jī-pò, piáu-sī ài Tēng Siáu-pêng chhut-lâi chiap-pan. Kòe-āu, Mô͘ Te̍k-tong koh-1-pái phoe-chún kái-tû Tēng Siáu-pêng ê it-chhe chit-bū, chí-sī pó-liû i ê tóng-chek.\n\nChiâⁿ-chòe Kiōng-sán-tóng ê léng-tō-lâng\n----------------------------------------\n\n1977 nî 3 go̍eh, Hòa Kok-hong tiāu-khui kang-chok hōe-gī, ū-lâng thê-gī hōe-hok Tēng Siáu-pêng ê thâu-lō͘. 4 go̍eh 10 hō, Tēng Siáu-pêng siá-phoe hō͘ Hòa Kok-hong, piáu-sī chi-chhî, āu--lâi ,tī 7 ge̍h tiāu-khui ê Tiong-kiōng 10-kài 3-tiong chôan-hōe, koat-tēng hoe-hok Tēng Siáu-pêng chìn-chêng tī Tóng, chèng, kun (黨政軍) ê it-chhè chit-bū. Tēng Siáu-pêng mā tī chit-chhù ê hōe-téng hoat-piáu káng-ōe, piáu-sī it-tēng ài kian-chhî \"si̍t-sū kiû-sī \"(實事求是), put-kò, khiok-sī bô kóng-tio̍h Hòa Kok-hong ê \"2-ê hōan-sī \"(两個凡是). \n\n1978 nî 5 go̍eh, *Kong-bêng ji̍t-pò* hoat-piáu 1-phiⁿ iû Tēng Siáu-pêng ê chhin-sìn Ô͘ Iāu-pang chhin-pit só͘-siá ê bûn-chiuⁿ, tê-bo̍k hō-choè *Si̍t-chiàn sī kiám-giām chin-lí ê ûi-it piau-chún* (實踐是檢驗真理的唯一標準). Bûn-chiuⁿ bêng-hiān sī teh phoe-phêng iòng-hō͘ \"2-ê hōan-sī \"ê Hòa Kok-hong kah Ang Tong-heng, bûn-chiuⁿ ê hoat-piáu, tī chôan-kok chiâⁿ-chòe chiau-tiám, tit-tio̍h chin-chē chiàⁿ-bīn ê phêng-kè. Che mā ûi Tēng Siáu-pêng ê chiūⁿ-tāi phah lo̍h chin-hó ê gû-lūn ki-chhó͘. Tī che í-āu, tng-nî 12 go̍eh ê Tiong-kiōng 11-kài 3-tiong chôan-hōe tang-tiong, Tēng Siáu-pêng chiâⁿ-chòe siōng-kôan ê léng-tō-chiá, i tī hōe-gī téng, chài-tō· kiông-tiāu *si̍t-sū kiû-sī, kái-hōng su-sióng* (實事求是 解放思想), thê-chhut beh tī Tiong-kok kiàn-siat \"4-ê hiān-tāi-hòa \"(四個現代化) kah thiat-té kiú-chèng chìn-chêng chhò-gō͘ ê chèng-tī lō͘-sòaⁿ. Tī chit-pái ê hōe-gī liáu-āu, Ô͘ Iāu-pang chiâⁿ-chòe Chèng-tī-kio̍k úi-ôan, bô-lōa-kú liáu-āu iū-koh chhut-jīm Tiong-iong pì-su-tiúⁿ kiam Soan-thôan pō͘-tiúⁿ. \n\n1980 nî, Tēng Siáu-pêng ê lēng-gōa 1-miâ chi-chhî-chiá Tiō Chí-iông chhú-tāi Hòa Kok-hong, chhut-jīm Kok-bū-īⁿ chóng-lí. 1981 nî, Ô͘ Iāu-pang iū-koh chhú-tāi Hòa Kok-hong ê tóng-chú-se̍k chit-bū. Kàu-kah chit-ê khám-chām, Tēng Siáu-pêng sui-jiân miâ-gī siōng chí-sī Tóng-tiong-iong kun-sū úi-ôan-hōe chú-se̍k, m̄-koh si̍t-chè siōng í-keng sī Tiong-kok siōng-kôan ê léng-tō-lâng.\n\nKái-kek khai-hòng: Tiong-kok te̍k-sek ê siā-hōe chú-gī\n------------------------------------------------------\n\nTēng Siáu-pêng kái-kek ê bo̍k-phiau sī kā Tiong-kok kiàn-siat chiâⁿ-chòe i-ê lông-gia̍p, kang-gia̍p, kho-ki kah kok-hông chôan-bīn hiān-tāi-hòa ê kok-ka, gôan-chek to̍h-sī siā-hōe chú-gī chhī-tiûⁿ keng-chè. \n\nTēng Siáu-pêng thê-chhut tù-miâ ê siā-hōe chú-gī chho͘-kip kai-tōaⁿ (社會主義初級階段) lí-lūn, i jīn-ûi che to̍h-sī Tiong-kok bo̍k-chiân ê siā-hōe chú-gī, Kiōng-sán-tóng ê chit-chek to̍h-sī ôan-siān Tiong-kok Te̍k-sek Siā-hoē-chú-gī (中國特色社會主義). Chit-chióng kái-sek kàng-kē keng-chè būn-tê tang-tiong ì-sek hêng-thāi ê tiōng-iàu-sèng, koh-khah chù-tiōng chèng-chhek ê si̍t-chè hāu-lêng. Tēng Siáu-pêng chí-chhut, siā-hōe chú-gī m̄-sī ì-bī tio̍h kiōng-tông sàn-chhiah, che hām Mô͘ Te̍k-tong ê koan-tiám ôan-chôan bô-kâng. Tēng Siáu-pêng kah kî-thaⁿ ê Kiōng-sán-tóng lâng bô kāng-khóan, i sī 1-ê chhiong-bóan kái-kek su-sióng ê léng-tō-lâng. \n\nTēng Siáu-pêng ūi Tiong-kok ê kái-kek thê-chhut sin ê lí-lūn ki-chhó͘, i tī-leh chè-tēng chèng-chhek ê sî m̄-nā ài seng tiàm tē-hng chèng-hú si̍t-si chhì-giām, mā ē chham-khó chiok-chōe gōa-kok-lâng ê keng-giām.\n\nIt-kok lióng-chè\n----------------\n\nTēng Siáu-pêng tī-leh gōa-kau hong-bīn ê chok-hong, mā hām Mô͘ Te̍k-tong bô-kâng, i hán-tit tâm kek-bēng, kēng-ka kiông-tiāu thong-kòe hô-pêng chhiú-tōaⁿ kái-koat kok-ka chi-kan ê cheng-toan. Lēng-gōa Tēng Siáu-pêng ê gōa-kau chèng-chhek mā pí i ê chiân-pòe koh-khah bū-si̍t, i jīn-ûi gōa-kau to̍h-sī kok-ka cheng-kiông si̍t-la̍t kah kok-chè éng-hiáng ê chhiú-tōaⁿ chi-it. Tiong-kok tī-leh ka-kiông kah Bí-kok koan-hē ê tông-sî, mā ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á teh kái-siān chham So͘-liân ê koan-hē. Siōng kin-pún--ê, Tiong-kok ê gōa-kau chèng-chhek sī hōng-hêng To̍k-li̍p chū-chú ê gôan-chek. \n\nKah kî-thaⁿ ê Tiong-kok léng-tō-jîn kāng-khóan, Tēng Siáu-pêng chin-chiàⁿ tiōng-sī kok-ka ê thóng-it, i siōng-chá khó-lū tio̍h ê sī Tâi-ôan. 1981 nî, Tēng Siáu-pêng tùi 1-ê Bí-kok tāi-piáu-thôan piáu-sī kóng, thóng-it liáu-āu Tâi-ôan ē-tàng pó-chhî ka-tī ê chèng-tī chè-tō͘, chèng-hú kah kun-tūi, Tâi-ôan léng-tō-jîn sīm-chí koh ē-tit tam-jīm chôan-kok-sèng ê léng-tō chit-bū. che to̍h-sī it-kok-lióng-chè (一國兩制) siōng-chá ê thê-gī. it-kok lióng-chè siōng chá sī chiam-tūi Tâi-oân būn-tê lâi siat-kè--ê, chòe-āu seng-kong ê ūn-iōng tī Hiong-káng kah Ò-mn̂g, iah Tâi-ôan khiok-sī it-chài kū-cho̍at chit-ê thê-àn. 1984 nî 12 ge̍h, Tiong-Eng 2-kok chhiam-sú liân-ha̍p seng-bêng, koat-tēng chiong Hiong-káng hêng hō͘ Tiong-kok; 1986 nî , Tiong-Phû 2-kok mā kāng-khóan chhiam-sú kui-hêng Ò-mn̂g ê seng-bêng. Hiong-káng kah Ò-mn̂g hun-pia̍t tī 1997 kah 1999 nî hôe-kui Tiong-kok.\n\nÉng-hiáng kah phêng-kè\n----------------------\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 我们对香港问题的基本立场\n* 邓小平纪念馆 --Tiong-kok koaⁿ-hong ê phêng-kè\n* 邓小平传\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| **Tēng Siáu-pêng** |\n| chèng-tóng chit-bū |\n| **Sin hâm-thâu** | **Tiong Kiōng Kò͘-būn Úi-oân-hōe chú-jīm**1982 nî–1987 nî | Kè-sio̍kTân Hûn |\n| Chiap-sio̍kHòa Kok-hong | **Tiong Kiōng Tiong-iong Kun-sū Úi-oân-hōe chú-se̍k**1981 nî–1989 nî | Kè-sio̍kKang Te̍k-bîn |\n| Chiap-sio̍kMô͘ Te̍k-tong***chò-ûi chú-se̍k*** | **Tiong Kiōng Tiong-iong su-kì-chhù chóng-su-kì**1956 nî–1967 nî | Kè-sio̍kÔ͘ Iāu-pang(tùi 1980 nî) |\n| Gī-hoē \n |\n| Chiap-sio̍kChiu Un-lâi(kàu 1976 nî) | **Tiong Kiōng Tiong-iong su-kì-chhù chóng-su-kì**1978 nî–1983 nî | Kè-sio̍kTēng Éng-chhiau |\n| koaⁿ-liâu |\n| **Sin hâm-thâu** | **Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Tiong-iong Kun-sū Úi-oân-hōe chú-se̍k**1983 nî–1990 nî | Kè-sio̍kKang Te̍k-bîn |\n| chèng-hú chit-bū\n |\n| Chiap-sio̍kPo̍h It-pho | **Châi-chèng pō͘-tiúⁿ**1953 nî–1954 nî | Kè-sio̍kLí Sian-liām |\n| pō͘-tūi chit-bū\n |\n| Chiap-sio̍kN̂g Éng-sèng | **Tiong-kok Jîn-bîn Kái-hòng Kun chóng-chham-bô͘-tiúⁿ**1975 nî–1980 nî | Kè-sio̍kIûⁿ Tit-chì |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong Kiōng tē 12 kài Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k úi-oân (1982 nî–1987 nî) |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Siông-úi | \n1. Ô͘ Iāu-pang\n2. Ia̍p Kiàm-eng (1985 nî 9 goe̍h thè-hiu)\n3. Tēng Siáu-pêng\n4. Tiō Chí-iông\n5. Lí Sian-liām\n6. Tân Hûn\n\n | |\n| |\n| Úi-oân | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| 5 Tiong Choân-hoē í-chêng(1985 nî 9 goe̍h) | \n* Bān Lí\n* Si̍p Tiōng-hun\n* Ông Chìn\n* Úi Kok-chheng\n* Ulanhu\n* Png Gī\n* Tēng Éng-chhiau\n* Lí Tek-seng\n* Iûⁿ Siōng-khun\n* Iûⁿ Tek-chì\n* Î Chhiu-lí\n* Sòng Jīm-kiông\n* Tiuⁿ Têng-hoat\n* Ô͘ Kiâu-bo̍k\n* Lia̍p Êng-chin\n* Gê Chì-hok\n* Chhî Hiòng-chiân\n* Phêⁿ Chin\n* Liāu Sêng-chì † (1983 nî 6 goe̍h koè-sin)\n\n |\n| |\n| 5 Tiong Choân-hoē í-āu(1985 nî 9 goe̍h) | \n* Bān Lí\n* Si̍p Tiōng-hun\n* Png Gī\n* Tiân Kí-hûn\n* Kiâu Se̍k\n* Lí Phêng\n* Iûⁿ Siōng-khun\n* Iûⁿ Tek-chì\n* Gô͘ Ha̍k-khiam\n* Î Chhiu-lí\n* Ô͘ Kiâu-bo̍k\n* Ô͘ Khé-li̍p\n* Iâu I-lîm\n* Gê Chì-hok\n* Phêⁿ Chin\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Hāu-pó͘ úi-oân | \n* Iâu I-lîm (1985 nî 9 goe̍h khí sī chèng-sek úi-oân)\n* Chîn Ki-úi\n* Tân Bō͘-hoâ\n\n |\n| |\n| 7 kài→8 kài→9 kài→10 kài→11 kài→12 kài→13 kài→14 kài→15 kài→16 kài→17 kài→18 kài→19 kài→20 kài |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong Kiōng tē 11 kài Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k úi-oân (1977 nî–1982 nî) |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Siông-úi | \n* Hòa Kok-hong\n* Ia̍p Kiàm-eng\n* Tēng Siáu-pêng\n* Lí Sian-liām\n* ~~Ang Tong-heng~~ (1980 nî 2 goe̍h sî-chit)\n* *Tân Hûn* (1978 nî 12 goe̍h pó͘-soán)\n* *Ô͘ Iāu-pang* (1980 nî 2 goe̍h pó͘-soán)\n* *Tiō Chí-iông* (1980 nî 2 goe̍h pó͘-soán)\n\n | |\n| |\n| Úi-oân | \n* *Ông Chìn* (1979 nî pó͘-soán)\n* Úi Kok-chheng\n* Ulanhu\n* Png Gī\n* *Tēng Éng-chhiau* (1979 nî pó͘-soán)\n* Lâu Pek-sêng\n* Khó͘ Sè-iú\n* ~~Kí Teng-ke~~ (1980 nî sî-chit)\n* So͘ Tín-hoâ † (1979 nî koè-sin)\n* Lí Tek-seng\n* ~~Gô͘ Tek~~ (1980 nî sî-chit)\n* Î Chhiu-lí\n* Tiuⁿ Têng-hoat\n* Tân Éng-kùi\n* ~~Tân Sek-liân~~ (1980 nî sî-chit)\n* *Tiō Chí-iông* (1979 nî pó͘-soán)\n* Kéng Phiau\n* Lia̍p Êng-chin\n* Gê Chì-hok\n* Chhî Hiòng-chiân\n* Phêⁿ Chhiong\n* *Phêⁿ Chin* (1979 nî pó͘-soán)\n\n |\n| |\n| Hāu-pó͘ úi-oân | \n* Tân Bō͘-hoâ\n* ~~Tiō Chí-iông~~ (1979 nî khí sī chèng-sek úi-oân)\n* Saifuddin Azizi\n\n |\n| |\n| 7 kài→8 kài→9 kài→10 kài→11 kài→12 kài→13 kài→14 kài→15 kài→16 kài→17 kài→18 kài→19 kài→20 kài |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong Kiōng tē 10 kài Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k úi-oân (1973 nî–1977 nî) |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Siông-úi | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1976 nî 10 goe̍h í-chêng | \n1. Mô͘ Te̍k-tong † (1976 nî 9 goe̍h koè-sin)\n2. Chiu Un-lâi † (1976 nî 1 goe̍h koè-sin)\n3. Ông Hông-bûn (1976 nî 10 goe̍h tāi-pó͘)\n4. Khng Seng † (1975 nî 12 goe̍h koè-sin)\n5. Ia̍p Kiàm-eng\n6. Lí Tek-seng (1975 nî 1 goe̍h sî-chit)\n7. Chu Tek † (1976 nî 7 goe̍h koè-sin)\n8. Tiuⁿ Chhun-kiô (1976 nî 10 goe̍h tāi-pó͘)\n9. Táng Pit-bú † (1975 nî 4 goe̍h koè-sin)\n10. Tēng Siáu-pêng (1975 nî 1 goe̍h pó͘-soán, 1976 nî 4 goe̍h bián-chit)\n11. *Hòa Kok-hong* (1976 nî 4 goe̍h pó͘-soán)\n\n |\n| |\n| 1976 nî 10 goe̍h í-āu | \n1. Hòa Kok-hong\n2. Ia̍p Kiàm-eng\n3. *Tēng Siáu-pêng* (1977 nî 7 goe̍h khoe-ho̍k)\n\n |\n\n | |\n| |\n| Úi-oân | \n* Úi Kok-chheng\n* Lâu Pek-sêng\n* Kang Chheng (1976 nî 10 goe̍h tāi-pó͘)\n* Khó͘ Sè-iú\n* Hòa Kok-hong (1976 nî 4 goe̍h khí sī siông-úi)\n* Kí Teng-ke\n* Gô͘ Tek\n* Ang Tong-heng\n* Tân Éng-kùi\n* Tân Sek-liân\n* Lí Sian-liām\n* Iâu Bûn-goân (1976 nî 10 goe̍h tāi-pó͘)\n* Tēng Siáu-pêng (1973 nî 12 goe̍h pó͘-soán, 1975 nî 1 goe̍h khí sī siông-úi)\n* *Lí Tek-seng* (1975 nî 1 goe̍h khí)\n\n |\n| |\n| Hāu-pó͘ úi-oân | \n* Gô͘ Kùi-hiân\n* So͘ Tín-hoâ\n* Gê Chì-hok\n* Saifuddin Azizi\n\n |\n| |\n| 7 kài→8 kài→9 kài→10 kài→11 kài→12 kài→13 kài→14 kài→15 kài→16 kài→17 kài→18 kài→19 kài→20 kài |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong Kiōng tē 8 kài Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k úi-oân (1956 nî–1969 nî) |\n| --- |\n| |\n| 11 Tiong Choân-hoē í-chêng(1966 nî 8 goe̍h) | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Siông-úi | \n1. Mô͘ Te̍k-tong\n2. Lâu Siàu-kî\n3. Chiu Un-lâi\n4. Chu Tek\n5. Tân Hûn\n6. *Lîm Piu* (1958 nî 5 goe̍h pó͘-soán)\n7. Tēng Siáu-pêng\n\n |\n| |\n| Úi-oân | \n* Lîm Pek-kû † (1960 nî 5 goe̍h koè-sin)\n* Lîm Piu (1958 nî 5 goe̍h khí sī siông-úi)\n* Táng Pit-bú\n* Phêⁿ Chin\n* Lô Êng-hoân † (1963 nî 12 goe̍h koè-sin)\n* Tân Gī\n* Lí Hù-chhun\n* Phêⁿ Tek-hoâi\n* Lâu Pek-sêng\n* Hō Liông\n* Lí Sian-liām\n* Koa Khèng-si † (1958 nî 5 goe̍h pó͘-soán, 1965 nî 4 goe̍h koè-sin)\n* *Lí Chéng-choân* (1958 nî 5 goe̍h pó͘-soán)\n* *Thâm Chìn-lîm* (1958 nî 5 goe̍h pó͘-soán)\n\n |\n| |\n| Hāu-pó͘ úi-oân | \n* Ulanhu\n* Tiuⁿ Bûn-thian\n* Lio̍k Tēng-it\n* Tân Pek-ta̍t\n* Khng Seng\n* Po̍h It-pho\n\n |\n\n | |\n| |\n| 11 Tiong Choân-hoē í-āu(1966 nî 8 goe̍h) | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Siông-úi | \n1. Mô͘ Te̍k-tong\n2. Lîm Piu\n3. Chiu Un-lâi\n4. Tô Chù (1967 nî 1 goe̍h siok-chheng)\n5. Tân Pek-ta̍t\n6. Tēng Siáu-pêng (1967 nî 1 goe̍h siok-chheng)\n7. Khng Seng\n8. Lâu Siàu-kî (1967 nî 1 goe̍h siok-chheng)\n9. Chu Tek\n10. Lí Hù-chhun\n11. Tân Hûn\n\n |\n| |\n| Úi-oân | \n* Táng Pit-bú\n* Tân Gī\n* Lâu Pek-sêng\n* Hō Liông (1967 nî 9 goe̍h siok-chheng)\n* Lí Sian-liām\n* Lí Chéng-choân (1967 nî 1 goe̍h siok-chheng)\n* Thâm Chìn-lîm (1967 nî 8 goe̍h siok-chheng)\n* Chhî Hiòng-chiân\n* Lia̍p Êng-chin\n* Ia̍p Kiàm-eng\n\n |\n| |\n| Hāu-pó͘ úi-oân | \n* Ulanhu (1966 nî 8 goe̍h siok-chheng)\n* Po̍h It-pho (1967 nî 1 goe̍h siok-chheng)\n* Lí Siat-hong\n* Sòng Jīm-kiông (1967 nî 8 goe̍h siok-chheng)\n* Chiā Hù-tī\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| 7 kài→8 kài→9 kài→10 kài→11 kài→12 kài→13 kài→14 kài→15 kài→16 kài→17 kài→18 kài→19 kài→20 kài |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong Kiōng tē 7 kài Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k úi-oân (1945 nî–1956 nî) |\n| --- |\n| |\n| su-kì-chhù su-kì | \n1. Mô͘ Te̍k-tong\n2. Chu Tek\n3. Lâu Siàu-kî\n4. Chiu Un-lâi\n5. Jîm Pih-sî † (1950 nî koè-sin) → *Tân Hûn* (1950 nî)\n\n | |\n| |\n| Úi-oân | \n* Tân Hûn (1950 nî 5 goe̍h khí sī su-kì-chhù su-kì)\n* Kng Seng\n* Ko Kong † (1954 nî chū-sat)\n* Phêⁿ Chin\n* Táng Pit-bú\n* Lîm Pek-kû\n* Tiuⁿ Bûn-thian\n* Phêⁿ Tek-hoâi\n* *Lîm Piu* (1955 nî pó͘-soán)\n* *Tēng Siáu-pêng* (1955 nî pó͘-soán)\n\n |\n| |\n| 7 kài→8 kài→9 kài→10 kài→11 kài→12 kài→13 kài→14 kài→15 kài→16 kài→17 kài→18 kài→19 kài→20 kài |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 120735493\n* LCCN: n81021998\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 1456 2686\n* GND: 118621297\n* SELIBR: 48803\n* SUDOC: 028041798\n* BNF: cb12988100v (data)\n* BIBSYS: 90149515\n* NLA: 36730148\n* NDL: 00317835\n* NKC: jn20000701787\n* ICCU: IEIV012009\n* CiNii: DA00885994\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tēng Siáu-pêng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[7641,18698,0.40865333190715586],"infobox":["\n
    Tēng Siáu-pêng
    \n邓小平
    \n
    Tēng Siáu-pêng
    Tiong Kiōng Kò͘-būn Úi-oân-hōe chú-jīm
    \nJīm-kî
    1982 nî 9 goe̍h 13 ji̍t – 1987 nî 11 goe̍h 2 ji̍t
    Hù-chhiú\n
    \n\n
    Chóng-su-kì\n
    \n\n
    Kè-jīm\nTân Hûn
    Tiong Kiōng Tiong-iong Kun-sū Úi-oân-hōe chú-se̍k
    \nJīm-kî
    1981 nî 6 goe̍h 28 ji̍t – 1989 nî 11 goe̍h 9 ji̍t
    Hù-chhiú\n
    \n\n
    Chóng-su-kì\n
    \n\n
    Chêng-jīm\nHòa Kok-hong
    Kè-jīm\nKang Te̍k-bîn
    Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Tiong-iong Kun-sū Úi-oân-hōe chú-se̍k
    \nJīm-kî
    1983 nî 6 goe̍h 6 ji̍t – 1990 nî 3 goe̍h 19 ji̍t
    Kè-jīm\nKang Te̍k-bîn
    Choân-kok Chèng-hia̍p chú-se̍k
    \nJīm-kî
    1978 nî 3 goe̍h 8 ji̍t – 1983 nî 6 goe̍h 17 ji̍t
    Chêng-jīm\nChiu Un-lâi (kàu 1976 nî)
    Kè-jīm\nTēng Éng-chhiau
    Tiong Kiōng Tiong-iong su-kì-chhù chóng-su-kì
    \nJīm-kî
    1956 nî 9 goe̍h 13 ji̍t – 1967 nî 3 goe̍h 25 ji̍t
    Kè-jīm\nÔ͘ Iāu-pang (tùi 1980 nî)
    Tiong-kok Jîn-bîn Kái-hòng Kun chóng-chham-bô͘-tiúⁿ
    \nJīm-kî
    1975 nî 1 goe̍h 5 ji̍t – 1976 nî 4 goe̍h 7 ji̍t
    Chêng-jīm\nN̂g Éng-sèng (kàu 1971 nî)
    Kè-jīm\nkā-kī (tùi 1977 nî)
    \nJīm-kî
    1977 nî 7 goe̍h 7 ji̍t – 1980 nî 3 goe̍h 2 ji̍t
    Chêng-jīm\nkā-kī (kàu 1976 nî)
    Kè-jīm\nIûⁿ Tit-chì
    Châi-chèng pō͘-tiúⁿ
    \nJīm-kî
    1953 nî 9 goe̍h 18 ji̍t – 1954 nî 6 goe̍h 19 ji̍t
    Chóng-lí\nChiu Un-lâi
    Chêng-jīm\nPo̍h It-pho
    Kè-jīm\nLí Sian-liām
    Kò-jîn chu-sìn
    Chhut-sì\n1904 nî 8 goe̍h 22 ji̍t(1904-08-22)
    \"\" Chheng-kok Sù-chhoan-séng Kóng-an-koān
    (kin-á-ji̍t Kóng-an-chhī)
    Kòe-sin\n1997 nî 2 goe̍h 19 ji̍t (92 hòe)
    \"\" Tiong-kok Pak-kiaⁿ
    Chèng-tóng\nTiong-kok Kiōng-sán Tóng
    Pō͘-tūi ho̍k-e̍k
    Hāu-tiong\n\"\" Tiong-kok
    Ho̍k-e̍k/hun-chi\n\"\" Tiong-kok Jîn-bîn Kái-hòng Kun
    \"\" Tiong-kok Kang-lông Âng-kun
    Ho̍k-e̍k sî-kan\n1929–1952: Tiong-kok Kang-lông Âng-kun
    1975–1980: Tiong-kok Jîn-bîn Kái-hòng Kun
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":21772}} -{"text":"**Tōa Hîm Ú-lîm** (Eng-gí: Great Bear Rainforest) sī 1 phiàn tī Pak Bí-chiu Thài-pêng-iûⁿ hái-hōaⁿ ê un-tài ú-lîm. Thài-pêng-iûⁿ un-tài ú-lîm tōa pō͘-hūn tī Canada, pak-pêng chió pō͘-hūn sio̍k-î Bí-kok Alaska-chiu. Bo̍k-chêng choân sè-kài chhiau-kòe 4-hun-chi-1 ê un-tài ú-lîm tī Canada British Columbia-séng ê sai-hōaⁿ. Chit phiàn ú-lîm (hō͘-nâ) bīn-chek bô tōa, chiàm kui-ê Canada 1.2% ê lio̍k-tē bīn-chek nā-tiāⁿ. Kî-tiong siāng tōa phiàn, siāng goân-sú ê pō͘-ūi hō-chò Tōa Hîm Ú-lîm (tē-tô͘).\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nTōa Hîm Ú-lîm chāi-lāi ê Thài-pêng-iûⁿ un-tài ú-lîm pí kúi-pah-nî-chêng ke chin sè tè.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nSeng-thài\n---------\n\nTùi peng-goân lâu--lo̍h-lâi ê chúi chek chò khe-á chhng kòe Tōa Hîm Ú-lîm ê soaⁿ-kok-té. Chiah-ê khe-á chē chun-hî. In kui-tīn tùi Thài-pêng-iûⁿ siû tian-tò-hiàng tńg lâi pàng nn̄g, só͘ tòa--lâi ê ióng-hūn tùi sim-lîm ê seng-thài hē-thóng ū chin tōa ê kòng-hiàn. In thê-kiong o͘-hîm, chong-hîm, lông, bā-hio̍h, téng-téng chia̍h-mi̍h. Tōa-hêng bah-si̍t tōng-bu̍t chia̍h chhun ê hî-á-bah koh hō· kok-chióng sió tōng-bu̍t khêng khì chia̍h, siâng-sî mā thê-kiong si̍t-bu̍t lūi pó-kùi ê nitrogen (N).\n\nTōa Hîm Ú-lîm ê hîm chéng tang-tiong ū 1 khoán hō-chò \"lêng-hîm\" (*spirit bear*) ê hîm. Lêng-hîm kui hêng-khu lóng pe̍h--ê, in-ūi sò·-liōng chió, gōa-kài hán-tit khoàⁿ-kìⁿ. Seng-bu̍t ha̍k-ka ké-siat che sī bān nî chêng peng-hô sî-kî hit-chūn ûi-thoân--lo̍h-lâi ê sek-tì.\n\nPó-io̍k ūn-tōng\n---------------\n\nKàu-kah chòe-kīn kúi-nî chiah khai-sí ū pó-hō͘ ê thê-àn chhut-lâi. Seng-thài pó-io̍k thoân-thé phoe-phêng chhâ-bo̍k kong-si khui-lō͘ ji̍p--khì, liáu-āu chin ū hē-thóng-sèng khì kā chheng-nî kó͘-chhiū kui-phiàn chhò tiāu, tì-tio̍h i-lāi sim-lîm ê bu̍t-chéng sit-khì oa̍h-lō͘.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Khoân-kéng pó-hō͘ thoân-thé ê chām","meta":{"title":"Tōa Hîm Ú-lîm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[37,1786,0.020716685330347144],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2126}} -{"text":"1897-nî hip--ê, Tâi-pak Kanatsui-siā ê Pêⁿ-po·-cho̍k-lâng.\nChá-kî Tâi-ôan ê gôan-chū-bîn-cho̍k hun-pò͘.\n**Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k** sī khiā tī Tâi-ôan pêⁿ-iûⁿ khu-he̍k ê gôan-chū-bîn-cho̍k. \"Pêⁿ-po͘\" tō-sī pêⁿ-iûⁿ ê ì-sù. Ū sî mā kā pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k kóng chò **Pêⁿ-po͘**, chóng--sī Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k khêng-si̍t sī chí bô-kâng bûn-hòa, bô-kâng gí-giân, bô-kâng po͘-lo̍k jīn-tông ê kúi-ā-tīn cho̍k-kûn, só͘-í mā ū lâng chú-tiuⁿ tio̍h hō-chò **Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k-kûn** khah tùi-tâng.\n\nTī chha-put-to 400-tang chêng Hàn-jîn chiah tú chhian-sóa lâi Tâi-ôan khui-hng kap khiā-khí chìn-chêng, Tâi-ôan sai-pêng ê pêⁿ-iûⁿ, chá tō ū chiâⁿ-chē Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k tī hia, ùi Ke-lâng it-ti̍t kàu Hêng-chhun lóng ū Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k khiā-khí, sīm-chì pau-koat āu-soaⁿ ê Gî-lân mā ū Kavalan Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k. \n\nPêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k chit-ê miâ, í-keng ū ta̍k-ê kòan-sì ê hōan-ûi tī leh, chhin-chhiūⁿ Amis-cho̍k sui-bóng tōa-pō͘-hūn mā khiā tī pêⁿ-iûⁿ, m̄-koh tō bô sǹg tī Pêⁿ-po͘ lāi-té.\n\nPêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k kap Hàn-jîn ê gí-giân hām bûn-hòa lóng koh-iūⁿ, nā chiàu gí-giân, siā-hōe, bûn-hòa kap thé-chit lâi khòaⁿ, in hām \"Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k\" kāng-khóan, tī Jîn-lūi-ha̍k lóng sio̍k-tī Lâm-tó-gí-cho̍k.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Plains Aborigines of Taiwan*** |\n\n* Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ ê Pêⁿ-po· Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn-bāng ( 平埔文化資訊網 ) Archived 2004-11-04 at the Wayback Machine. (Hôa-gí)\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hêng-chèng-īⁿ ū sêng-jīm | Amis-cho̍k (Pangcah)   Tayal-cho̍k   Bunun-cho̍k   Kanakanavu-cho̍k   Kavalan-cho̍k   Paiwan-cho̍k   Puyuma-cho̍k   Rukai-cho̍k   Saaroa-cho̍k   Sakizaya-cho̍k   Saisiyat-cho̍k   Seediq-cho̍k   Tao-cho̍k   Thao-cho̍k   Truku-cho̍k   Tsou-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Tē-hng ū sêng-jīm | Makatao-cho̍k (Pîn-tong-koān)   Siraya-cho̍k (Tâi-lâm-chhī)   Taivuan-cho̍k (Hoa-liân-koān Hù-lí-hiong) |\n| |\n| Koaⁿ-hong bô sêng-jīm | Babuza-cho̍k   Basay-cho̍k   Hoanya-cho̍k   Kaxabu-cho̍k   Ketagalan-cho̍k   Kulon-cho̍k   Luilang-cho̍k   Papora-cho̍k   Pazeh-cho̍k   Qauqaut-cho̍k   Taokas-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ hun-lūi | Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k   Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k   Formosa-lâng |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[850,2036,0.4174852652259332],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2576}} -{"text":"Bachelet, 2006\n**Verónica Michelle Bachelet Jeria** /βeˈɾonika miˈʃɛl baʃˈle ˈçeɾja/ (1951 nî 9 goe̍h 29 seⁿ) sī Chile Siā-hōe-tóng ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I pún-té sī gōa-kho kiam sió-jî-kho i-seng. I iâⁿ 2006 nî ê chóng-thóng tāi-soán, 3 goe̍h 11 chiū-jīm, chiâⁿ-chò hit-kok thâu-1-ê cha-bó· chóng-thóng. I kiâⁿ un-hô ê tiong-kan-phian-chó lō·-soàⁿ, 1 hong-bīn beh chiap-sòa Ricardo Lagos ê chū-iû chhī-tiûⁿ chèng-chhek, lēng-gōa 1 hong-bīn oân-ná kóng beh ka-kiông siā-hōe hok-lī thang kiám-chió hó-gia̍h kap sàn-chhiah chi-kan ê chha-īⁿ. Bachelet ê sèng-pia̍t kap i tan-sin bó-chhin ê sin-hūn siū-tio̍h kok-chè kap Chile mûi-thé te̍k-pia̍t chù-ì.\n\nBachelet ê lāu-pē sī Chile Khong-kun ê chiong-kun, in-ūi hoán-tùi Augusto Pinochet chiong-kun tī 1973 nî kun-piàn, āu--lâi sí tī kaⁿ-ga̍k. I kap lāu-bó hō· sin chèng-koân koaiⁿ kúi-ā-lé-pài. 1975 nî lī-khui Chile, tī Tang-tek oân-sêng i-ha̍k ha̍k-ūi. 1979 nî tńg-khì Chile. I tāi-ha̍k sî-tāi tō chham-ka Siā-hōe-chú-gī Chheng-liân-hōe, tī 1980 nî-tāi ē-kî koh-chài kiâⁿ-ji̍p chèng-tī. 1995 nî tam-jīm Chile Siā-hōe-tóng ê Tiong-iong Úi-oân; 1998 kàu 2000 nî sī Chèng-tī Úi-oân-hōe (*Political Commission*) ê chek-ke̍k hūn-chú. 1996 nî tâu-ji̍p Las Condes ê chhī-tiúⁿ soán-kí, tùi-chhiú sī āu--lâi ê chóng-thóng tùi-chhiú Joaquín Lavín. Lavín iâⁿ 78% ê phiò, i kan-taⁿ the̍h-tio̍h 2.35%, pâi tē-4-ūi. 1999 nî i ūi Ricardo Lagos tī chóng-thóng chho·-soán chō·-soán. Lagos chiū-jīm liáu-āu, chi-phài i chò oē-seng pō·-tiúⁿ (2000 nî) kap kok-hông pō·-tiúⁿ (2002 nî). I sī tē-1-ê tī Latin Bí-chiu kok-ka hoāⁿ hit-ūi ê cha-bó·-lâng.\n\nSiā-hōe-tóng chhōa-thâu ê *Concertación* liân-bêng chū 1990 nî bîn-chú-hòa liáu-āu hoāⁿ-koân kàu-taⁿ. Ricardo Lagos chip-chèng ê kî-kan, Chile ê keng-chè sêng-tióng chhiau-kòe 5%.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Michelle Bachelet*** |\n\n* Chóng-thóng kēng-sóan bāng-chām Archived 2014-02-08 at the Wayback Machine. (Se-pan-gâ-gí)","meta":{"title":"Michelle Bachelet","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[150,1886,0.07953340402969247],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2230}} -{"text":"\n\n**Mr.Children** (Ji̍t-bûn: ミスターチルドレン) sī Ji̍t-pún ê ga̍k-thoân; kán-chheng chò **Misuchiru** (**ミスチル**). Mr.Children ê thoân-oân lóng-chóng ū 4-ê lâng; hun-pia̍t sī chú-chhiùⁿ Sakurai Kazutoshi (桜井和寿), gì-tah-chhiú Tahara Kenichi (田原健一), bass Nakagawa Keisuke (中川敬輔), kap kó͘-chhiú Suzuki Hideya (鈴木英哉). Mr.Children ê chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ kong-si sī Toy's Factory.\n\nKo-tiong sî-kî, Sakurai Kazutoshi hām Nakagawa Keisuke tī kheng-im-ga̍k-siā sio-bat, pēng-chhiáⁿ tàu-tīn kè-ōe beh cho͘-chit ga̍k-thoân; āu-lâi Sakurai koh iû-soat iau-chhiáⁿ goân-lâi sī iá-kiû-siā ê Tahara Kenichi ka-ji̍p. 1988-nî 9-goe̍h, 3-lâng lóng chū ko-tiong pit-gia̍p, tī Nakagawa ê kài-siāu chi-hā, Suzuki Hideya mā ka-ji̍p ga̍k-thoân; in-ê thoân-miâ hō-chò **THE WALL**. 1989-nî 1-goe̍h chhe-1, in chiah kái-miâ hō-chò Mr.Children; chiū-àn-ne, in khai-sí tī sì-kè cháu-chhiùⁿ piáu-ián, it-ti̍t kàu 1992-nî tī pêng-iú ê khan-ín chi-hā, in hām chè-chok-jîn Kobayashi Takeshi se̍k-sāi. Chiông-chhú, Mr.Children chiâⁿ-chò ji̍t-āu sî-kiâⁿ Ji̍t-pún liû-hêng ga̍k-toâⁿ ê sin sè-le̍k, hian-khí hit-tang-chūn ê \"Misuchiru hiān-siōng\".\n\nChū Mr.Children chhut-tō kàu taⁿ, í-keng hoat-hêng 30-tiuⁿ koan-kun tan-khek kap 12-tiuⁿ koan-kun choan-chip. Kàu 2011-nî 8-goe̍h, Mr.Children ê seng-gâi siau-lō͘ tāi-iok ū 5498-bān tiuⁿ, tī Ji̍t-pún le̍k-sú siōng pâi tī tē-jī.\n\nThoân-oân\n---------\n\n| Miâ-jī | Pō͘-hūn | Seⁿ-ji̍t | Kò͘-hiong | Hoeh-hêng |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **Sakurai Kazutoshi**(桜井和寿) | lâng-siaⁿgì-tahchhùi-khîmkǹg-khîm | 1970 nî 3 goe̍h 8 ji̍t | Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘ | O |\n| **Tahara Kenichi**(田原健一) | gì-tahCheng-khîmmandolinPIANICA | 1969 nî 9 goe̍h 24 ji̍t | Hukuoka-koān | O |\n| **Nakagawa Keisuke**(中川敬輔) | bass | 1969 nî 8 goe̍h 26 ji̍t | Nagasaki-koān | A |\n| **Suzuki Hideya**(鈴木英哉) | chiok-sū-kó͘hô-senglâng-siaⁿ | 1969 nî 11 goe̍h 14 ji̍t | Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘ | A |\n\nKeng-le̍k\n---------\n\nChok-phín\n---------\n\n### Tan-khek\n\n### Choan-chip\n\nTi̍t-chióng kap kì-lo̍k\n-----------------------\n\n### Oricon Chart\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ 桜井は「自分達がロックバンドだとは、そもそも思っていない」と述べている。\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* MR.CHILDREN (Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām)\n* TOY'S FACTORY (Chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ kong-si)","meta":{"title":"Mr.Children","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[984,2394,0.41102756892230574],"infobox":["
    Mr.Children
    Cho͘-ha̍p
    Goân-bûn miâ\nミスターチルドレン
    Chit-gia̍p\nGa̍k-thoân
    Im-ga̍k lūi-hêng\nJ-POP
    Ga̍k-khì\nLâng-siaⁿ, gì-tah, bass, kó͘
    Chhut-tō tē-tiám\n\"\" Ji̍t-pún Tang-kiaⁿ Sibuya
    Oa̍h-hiáⁿ sî-tāi\n1988-nî chì 1997-nî
    1998-nî kàu taⁿ
    Chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ kong-si\nToy's Factory
    Bāng-chām\nmrchildren.jp
    Sêng-oân
    \nSakurai Kazutoshi
    Suzuki Hideya
    Nakagawa Keisuke
    Tahara Kenichi
    ","
    Ji̍t-bûn siá-hoat
    Ji̍t-bûn\nMr.Children
    Kana\nミスターチルドレン
    Hepburn-sek Lô-má-jī\nMisutā Chirudoren
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2425}} -{"text":"**wiki** (hoat-im \"úi-kih\" a̍h \"u-it-kih\") kap **WikiWiki** chí 1 khóan chhiau-bûn-jī (*hypertext*) ê bûn-kiāⁿ-chi̍p he̍k-chiá sī sêng-sán hit-kóa bûn-kiāⁿ ê ha̍p-chok-tek nńg-thé. \"**Wiki wiki**\" lâi chū Hā-oái-ih-oē, ì-sù sī \"iáu-siū-á kín\". *Wiki* ('W' tōa-siá) kap *WikiWikiWeb* ū-sî chí Portland Pattern Repository -- tē-1-ê wiki. It-poaⁿ-sèng ê iōng-hoat sī kiàn-gī siá sió-siá ê 'w'.\n\nWikipedia sī 1 khóan wiki.\n\nTe̍k-sek\n--------\n\nWiki ê bûn-kiāⁿ hō·-chò \"ia̍h\". Iōng-chiá thàu-kòe *browser* ē-sái chhau-chok wiki-ia̍h ê lōe-iông kap kiat-kò·. Iōng wiki kho-ki siat sin ia̍h a̍h-sī siu-kái í-keng chûn-chāi ê ia̍h lóng chin kan-tan, in-ūi wiki sú-iōng 1 khoán kán-hòa ê markup gí-giân, iōng-chiá bē-hiáu HTML iû-goân ū-hoat-tō· chè-chō bûn-kiāⁿ.\n\nIt-poaⁿ lâi kóng, siu-kái--kòe ê ia̍h bián keng-kòe lâng sím-cha tō ē-iōng-tit pī chiap-siū. Tōa-pō.-hūn ê wiki tùi-gōa kong-khai, chì-chió sī tùi kâng-ê server ê iōng-chiá kong-khai. Chù-chheh m̄-sī pit-iàu--ê.\n\n### Pian-chi̍p wiki-ia̍h\n\nThoân-thóng ê wiki-ia̍h siâng-sî ū 2 chióng hêng-thài tāi-piáu múi-1-ia̍h: hián-sī iōng--ê hêng (it-poaⁿ sī sek-ha̍p browser nńg-thé kái-tha̍k ê HTML) kap pian-chi̍p iōng--ê hêng (kán-hòa ê markup gí-giân). In-ūi HTML sú-iōng chē-chē-khoán *nested tag*, tag kap lōe-iông thàu-lām chò-hóe, pian-chi̍p bûn-kiāⁿ pí-kàu-tek khah bān, khah ho̍k-cha̍p. Koh in-ūi HTML ún-chún lâng iōng chhin-chhiūⁿ JavaScript kap Cascading Style Sheet chiah-ê hú-chō· kho-ki, iau-kiû iōng wiki te̍k-sû ê tag khah hó î-chhî it-tì ê kek-sek kap chéng-thé ê kám-kak.\n\nIōng-chiá iōng wiki gí-hoat chéng-lí hó lōe-iông liáu-āu, \"wiki iân-jín\" tō chiōng goân-sú ê bûn-kiāⁿ choán-oāⁿ chò HTML, HTML bûn-kiāⁿ chiah koh sàng hō· iōng-chiá ê browser kái-tha̍k, hián-sī.\n\nWiki chiap-siū ê gí-hoat ū bē-chió chióng \"hong-giân\". Kán-tan ê wiki iân-jín kan-na ū-hoat-tō· chiap-siū ki-pún ê bûn-jī kek-sek-hòa chí-lēng (chhin-chhiūⁿ chho·-thé, sin toāⁿ-lo̍h). Khah ho̍k-cha̍p ê wiki chi-oān *table*, iáⁿ-siòng, hong-thêng-sek, téng-téng. Ūi beh chéng-ha̍p to-goân ê gí-hoat, ū lâng tng teh chè-tēng 1 thò piau-chún ê *Wiki Markup Standard* .\n\nChām-gōa liân-kiat\n------------------\n\n* MeatballWiki ê \"Tour bus stop\"\n* WikiWikiWeb (tē-1-ê wiki)\n* MeatBall:WikiCommunityList\n* MeatBall:BiggestWiki\n* \n* Home library wiki\n* EvoWiki: How wikis evolve Archived 2006-02-10 at the Wayback Machine.\n* How did you come up with the idea for the Wiki? (Mûi-thé hóng-būn Ward Cunningham)\n* Parsewiki","meta":{"title":"Wiki","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[253,2313,0.10938175529615218],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2736}} -{"text":"\n***Hō͘-káng Ke-lâng*** (Hoâ-gí: 雨港基隆, *Yǔgǎng Jīlóng*) sī 1 ê í chiàn-āu kàu 228 sū-kiāⁿ--ê Ke-lâng-chhī chò poē-kéng--ê Bí-siàu-lú (美少女) iû-hì, chú-iāu iōng Hoâ-gí, iû Erotes Studio chhòng-chok. 2014 nî 2 goe̍h 28 ji̍t thui-chhut thé-giām-pán.\n\nKak-sek\n-------\n\n* Lí Tiāu-ûi (李肇維)\n\nLâm-chú-kak. Bat tī Ji̍t-pún--ê Tang-kiaⁿ tha̍k-chheh, toà tī Lîm Bêng-hoâ--ê kong-gū (公寓), tī Tiuⁿ Hiáu-jû--ê tê-koán chò hoé-kè.\n* Lîm Bêng-hoâ (林明華)\n\nLú-chú-kak chi 1, Ji̍t-pún-oē miâ tha̍k-chò \"Hayasi Asuka\" (Hùn-lēng-sek), in pa-pah sī Ji̍t-pún-láng, ma-mah sī Tâi-oân-lâng. Lí Tiāu-ûi só͘ tuà kong-gū--ê chhù-chú.\n* Tiuⁿ Hiáu-jû (張曉瑜)\n\nLú-chú-kak chi 1, tê-siong (茶商)--ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ, Lí Tiāu-ûi--ê téng-si.\n* Tân Gio̍k (陳鈺)\n\nLú-chú-kak chi 1, Choân-chiu-lâng, kap-ì pò͘-tē-hì. In lāu-pē sī chiap-siu Ke-lâng--ê Kok-bîn-kun kun-koaⁿ.\n\nHē-thóng Su-kiû\n---------------\n\n* Chok-gia̍p hē-thóng: Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8\n* CPU: Pentium 4 1.4GHz í-siōng\n* Kì-ek-thé (記憶體): 1GB í-siōng\n* DirectX: DirectX 9.0c\n* kái-sek-tō͘ (解析度, resolution): 1280×720 í-siōng.\n\nGoā-kháu liân-kiat\n------------------\n\n* *Hō͘-káng Ke-lâng* Official Site Archived 2014-07-01 at the Wayback Machine.(Koaⁿ-oē)\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 郭建伸 (20140228). \"7年級生寫遊戲 「雨港基隆」帶你重回228\". Liân-ha̍p-pò (聯合報). (Koaⁿ-oē)*(liân-kiat tn̄g-khì)*\n2. ↑ Erotes Studio. \"雨港基隆 Official Site/資訊\". (Koaⁿ-oē)","meta":{"title":"Hō͘-káng Ke-lâng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[495,1279,0.38702111024237684],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1545}} -{"text":"**Kiaⁿ-to͘ Gī-tēng-su** sī chiam-tùi 1 ê Liân-ha̍p-kok kok-chè kong-iok ê siu-tēng thê-àn, bo̍k-tek sī beh chiam-tùi choân-kiû-sèng ê un-sek hāu-èng ín-khí ê choân-kiû loán-hòa tēng 1 ê chhú-lí ê hoat-tō͘. \n\nI ê choân-miâ hō͘-chò **Liân-ha̍p-kok Khì-hāu Piàn-hòa Framework Kong-iok ê Kiaⁿ-to· Gī-tēng-su** (UNFCCC).\n\nChhiam-jī ê kok-ka chū-goān kiám-chió in pàng--chhut-lâi ê un-sek khì-thé (CO2 téng-téng).\n\nChit ê gī-tēng-su sī tī 1997 nî 12-goe̍h tī Ji̍t-pún Kiaⁿ-to͘ hia̍p-tiâu chhut-lâi--ê. Tùi 1998 nî 3-goe̍h 16 khai-sí khai-hòng hō͘ ta̍k-kok ê chèng-hú chhiam-sú, kàu 1999 nî 3-goe̍h 15 uî-chí.\n\nKàu-kah 2002 nî ū 104 ê kok-ka chhiam-sú, pau-koat Europa Liân-bêng. Bí-kok chū 2001 nî tō kū-choat kè-siok chham-siông. Lō͘-se-a chèng-hú tī 2004 nî 9-goe̍h-té piáu-sī goān-ì chhiam-jī, tī 11 goe̍h 18 chèng-sek thong-kòe. 2005 nî 2 goe̍h 16 khai-sí si̍t-si.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n### Bûn-kiāⁿ\n\n* Hôa-bûn pán (kán-thé-jī, PDF keh-sek)\n* Eng-bûn pán\n\n### Kî-thaⁿ\n\n* \n\nWi fi","meta":{"title":"Kiaⁿ-to͘ Gī-tēng-su","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[48,926,0.05183585313174946],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1117}} -{"text":"\nTsiang-huà Oân-lîm Seng-siaⁿ-ga̍k(生新樂) Ko-kah ke̍k-thoân ián-chhut Ko-kah-hì Hing-hàn-tôo(《興漢圖》)\n**Ko-kah-hì**, iū kiò-chòe \"Káu-kak-hì \", sī Hok-kiàn chú-iàu ê hì-khiok kio̍k-chéng, iōng Bân-lâm-gí chò-ûi ián-chhut ê gí-giân. Ko-kah-hì chú-iàu liû-hêng tī Chôan-chiu, Ē-mn̂g, Kim-mn̂g, Tâi-oân chià-ê thong-hêng Bân-lâm-gí ê só·-chāi, siāng-chá ê hoat-gôan-tē sī Chôan-chiu.\n\nHêng-sêng ê le̍k-sú\n-------------------\n\nKo-kah-hì hêng-sêng tī Chheng-tiâu tiong-kî. Lâi-kóng hit-chūn-sī ê Chôan-chiu siâⁿ, kiàn-nā tú-tio̍h cheh-ji̍t ah-sī hí-khèng ê ji̍t-chí, lóng-ài kí-pān oah-tōng iû-hêng seh ke-á-lō·. seh ke-á-lō· ê tiong-kan, chhoan-bîn to̍h-ài chng kok-chióng kak-sek ê Chúi-hó· jîn-bu̍t. Án-ne, ū-lâng phah-kûn-thâu, ū-lâng kòng-kó·, pûn phín-á, mā-ū lâng chhiūⁿ-khek liām koe-si, ián-chhut kán-té ê kó·-sū. Hoat-tián kàu āu--lâi chit-chióng choan-tê piáu-ián Song-Kang eng-hiông kó·-sū ê hì-pan chiū chhut-hiān--lo·h. peh-sèⁿ kā chit-chiong hì-pan ê ián-ôan kiò-chòe \"sòng-kang-á \", chit-khóan ê hì-bûn hō·-chòe \"Sòng-kang-hì \". Kàu-kah Chheng-tiâu āu-kî, Lâm-oaⁿ niá-tau-chhoan chhut-hiān 1-pan miâ-kiò \"Ha̍p-heng \"ê hì-pan , in ê piáu-ián hêng-sek tu̍t-phò thôan-thóng hì-pan kan-nā piau-ián Sòng-Kang kó·-sū ê kheng-kè, tōa-táⁿ ka-ji̍p 1-kóa-á bûn-hì ê pō·-hūn, āu--lâi iū-koh hoat-tián kàu siù-páng-hì (绣房戏). Chit-khóan iû sòng-kang-hì kah ha̍p-heng-hì hō·-siong thàu-lām khip-siu pēng-chhiáⁿ tio̍k-chiām tēng-hêng--lo̍h-lâi ê hì-khek, to̍h-sī hiān-chú-sī lán kóng--ê \"ko-kah-hì \".\n\nKo-kah-hì ê kio̍k-bo̍k\n----------------------\n\nKo-kah-hì ê kio̍k-bo̍k hun-chòe \"tāi-khì-hì \"( kiong-têng hì kah bú-hì ), \"siù-pâng hì \"kah \"thiú-tòaⁿ hì \"chit 3-tōa lūi-hêng, iu-kî bú-hì, tiú-tòaⁿ hì kah kong-àn hì siāng-kài chōe. Kio̍k-bo̍k tōa-to-sò· lâi-chū ka-lé-hì, pò·-tē-hì kah kó·-tián siáu-soat, pí-lūn-kóng Sam-kok, Lia̍t-kok, Chúi-hó·-tōan, Ga̍k-hui tōan téng-téng. mā-ū 1-pō·-hūn sī ko-kah-hì gē-jîn ka-tī àn bîn-kan thôan-soat khì kái-pian--ê, pí-lūn *Hoan-pô-lāng*, *Tông-jī-pia̍t*, *Kóan-hú-sàng* chià-ê thôan-thóng kio̍k-bo̍k.\n\nKo-kah-hì ê im-ga̍k\n-------------------\n\nKo-kah-hì ê im-ga̍k ki-chhó· sī Lâm-im (iū kiò-chòe Lâm-kóan, Lâm-khiok he̍k-chiá Lâm-ga̍k ), che í-gōa, iū-koh khip-siu ka-lé-tiāu kah bîn-kan koa-iâu, pēng-chhiáⁿ tī sôan-lu̍t chiat-chàu téng-bīn chòe-liáu kái-kek, hō· i ē-tàng koh-khah hó lâi phòe-ha̍p hì-tâi-téng piáu-ián kok-chióng jîn-bu̍t ê sèng-keh. Ko-kah-hì ū chin lông-hō· ê hiong-thó·-bī, i ê chhiùⁿ-khiuⁿ iōng pún-siaⁿ, ū-sî kôan-tiāu āng-siaⁿ, ū-sî iū-koh khin-siaⁿ sè-gí.\n\nKo-kah-hì sú-iōng ê ga̍k-khì\n----------------------------\n\nKo-kah-hì ê ga̍k-khì, pun-chòe bûn-ga̍k kah bú-ga̍k. Bûn-ga̍k í kó·-chhoe ûi-chú, kî-thaⁿ phōaⁿ-chàu ê ga̍k-khì ū : phín-á, tōng-siau, sam-hiân, jī-hiân, gî-pê, iûⁿ-khîm, hiân-á, tiong-hiân, sio-thê-khîm kah tōa-thê-khîm. Bú-ga̍k ū : phah-kó·, sió-kó·, thong-kó·, tōa-sè-lô, tōa-sè-chhim-á téng-téng ga̍k-khì.\n\nKo-kah-hì ê kak-sek\n-------------------\n\nKo-kah-hì ê kak-sek hām kiaⁿ-kio̍k chha-put-to sio-siâng, thiú-kak ê piáu-ián iu-kî tu̍t-chhut. Kan-nā thiú-kak to̍h ē-sái pun-chòe cha-po· thiú kah cha-bó· thiú; iah, cha-po· thiú koh pun-chòe bûn-thiú kah bú-thiú. Bûn-thiú iū-koh ū tn̂g-saⁿ thiú kah té-saⁿ thiú chi-hun; bú-thiú mā koh-chāi pun-chòe su-iâ thiú kah khún-sin thiú. cha-bó·-thiú ū hu-jîn thiú, hm̂-lâng thiú, lāu-pô-á thiú, kán-á thiú téng sò·-cha̍p-hāng. Thiú-kak ê piáu-ián gē-su̍t chin-chiàⁿ hong-hù, chhin-chhiūⁿ \"kong-chú thiú \", \"phòa-saⁿ thiú \", \"ka-lé thiu \", \"cha-bó· thiú \"téng-téng lóng-chóng sī ko-kah-hì gē-jîn àn seng-o̍ah tang-tiong thê-chhú sò·-chhâi, thong-kòe ka-tī ê nó·-le̍k siat-kè--chhut-lâi-ê. Chià-ê tiú-kak piáu-ián tōng-chok bí-biāu kî-khiáu; piáu-chêng chhiò-khoe o̍ah-phoat. Im-ga̍k ê chiat-chàu chheng-chhó, bú-tō-sèng kiông, m̄-nā khin-khòai chhù-bī, iū-koh te̍k-sû, si̍t-chāi hō·-lâng kám-siū tio̍h chin-chhim ê hiong-thó·-chêng kah khin-sang lōng-bān ê khì-hūn. Khòaⁿ-hì ê lâng m̄-nā ē-tàng àn tang-tiong thé-hōe tio̍h khin-sang kah lû-khòai, iū-koh e-tàng kak-ngō· chhut chin-chōe jîn-seng ê tiat-ha̍k.\n\nKo-kah-hì tī Tâi-oân\n--------------------\n\nKh-kha-hì liû-thoân kaù tâi-oân aū, chiām-chiām thaù-lām kî-thāⁿ liû-hêng tī Tâi-oân ê hì-kio̍k kap im-ga̍k (chú-iaù sī lâm-koán kap pak-koán).\n\nGoā-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Oân-lîm Seng-siaⁿ-ga̍k káu-kak-hì ke̍k-thoân Archived 2004-08-13 at the Wayback Machine. (員林生新樂高甲戲劇團)","meta":{"title":"Ko-kah-hì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[106,4304,0.02462825278810409],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5012}} -{"text":"Chi̍t tâi Kok-kong Kheh-ūn ê tōa-kheh-chhia, iû Hân-kok Daewoo kong-si só͘ seng-sán**.**\n\n \n\n**Kok-kong Khì-chhia Kheh-ūn Kó͘-hūn Iú-hān-kong-si** (國光汽車客運股份有限公司), kán-chheng **Kok-kong Kheh-ūn** (國光客運), sī Tâi-oân chi̍t-keng bîn-kan ê kong-lō͘ kheh-ūn kong-si. I ê chiân-sin sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú ê kong-êng sū-gia̍p **Tâi-oân Khì-chhia Kheh-ūn Kong-si** (臺灣汽車客運公司), kán-chheng **Tâi-khì** (臺汽). \n\nKok-kong Khé-ūn tī choân Tâi-oân ū 28 ê tōa chhia-chām kap 60 ê iân-lō͘ bē-phiò-chhù.\n\nLe̍k-sú iân-kek\n---------------\n\n* 1946 nî, Tâi-oân-séng Chèng-hú Kau-thong-kio̍k Kong-lō͘-chhù (臺灣省政府交通處公路局).\n* 1980 nî, hoat-lu̍t kui-tēng kong-lō͘ kheh-ūn gia̍p ài cho͘-chit kong-si, jî-chhiáⁿ êng-ūn kap kàn-lí ài hun-li̍p, só͘-í chèng-hú sêng-li̍p Tâi-oân Khì-chhia Kheh-ūn Kong-si.\n* 2001 nî, chèng-hú koat-tēng kong-êng sū-gia̍p bîn-êng-hòa, só͘-í siat-li̍p sin ê Kok-kong Khì-chhia Kheh-ūn Kó͘-hūn Iú-hān-kong-si.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Archived 2022-04-16 at the Wayback Machine.\n2. ↑ Archived 2023-02-26 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Kok-kong Kheh-ūn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[479,990,0.48383838383838385],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1198}} -{"text":"\n**Ng (jī-ha̍p jī-bió [en])** (sió-siá: ng) sī iû jī-bó ⟨N⟩ hām jī-bó ⟨G⟩ sóo tsoo-sîng ê lating jī-bió tsi jī-ha̍p jī-bó [en]. ⟨Ng⟩ Sú-iōng teh ing-gú, welsh-gú (gallois), tik-gú, lingala-gú [en], tuvalu-gú, uzbek-gú, hunlân-gú, ua̍tlâm-gú, māori-gú, tagalog-gú, tonga-gú, filipino-gú, gilbert-gú tíng-tíng ê gú-giân lāi-té. Kok-tsè im-piau ê piáu-sī uî ŋ (ū-tang-sî-á iah-iōng [ŋɡ); lî-tshiánn teh tsi̍t-kuá-á Hui-tsiu gú-giân [en] lāi-té mā hông khuànn-tsò sī tsi̍t-ê tan-it jī-bó.\n\nIm-ti̍t piáu-sī\n---------------\n\n⟨Ng⟩ thong-siông ê im-ti̍t piáu-sī Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im (teh kok-tsè im-piau (IPA) lāi-té iû /ŋ/ hû-hō piáu-sī), hi̍k-tsiá tso̍k nńg-kok sat-im (/ɡ/) ê tsiân phīnn-huà [en] (/n͡g/ hi̍k-tsiá /ⁿg/).\n\nKok gú-giân ê im-ti̍k piáu-sī\n-----------------------------\n\nİ-hā sī ⟨ng⟩ teh kok-tsióng gú-giân, pí-lû Pak-bí-tsiu gú-giân, Au-tsiu gú-giân [en], Tiong-a gú-giân, Hui-tsiu gú-giân [en], Lâm-tó gú-giân, A-tsiu gú-giân [en], tíng-tíng ê gú-giân tang-tiong in-ê im-ti̍k tsi piáu-sī:\n\n### Pak-bí-tsiu gú-giân\n\nTeh Pak-bí-tsiu ê ing-gú tang-tiong tsú-iàu iōng teh sû-bué [en] í ⟨ing⟩ lâi piáu-sī, iōng-lâi kòo-sîng hiān-tsāi hun-sû kah tōng-bîng-sû. ⟨Ng⟩ mā iōng teh kî-thann tsi̍t-kuá-á gú-sû tang-tiong, pí-jû teh ⟨king⟩ (kok-ông) tsit-ê gú-sû lāi-té. Iú-kuan ⟨Ng⟩ tsit-ê jī-ha̍p jī-bó teh ing-gú tang-tiong huat-im ê huat-tián; tshiánn tsham-ua̍t NG ha̍p-pìng [en] hām G hā-kàng [en]. Teh Pak-bí-tsiu guân-tsū-bîn gú-giân ê jī-bó tang-tiong, thong-siông lóng ē iōng ⟨Ŋ ŋ⟩ lâi tshú-tāi ⟨Ng ng⟩.\n\n### Au-tsiu gú-giân\n\nTeh Au-tsiu gú-giân [en] ê Gaeilge-gú tang-tiong, ⟨ng⟩ siōng-thâu-á iōng-tsō ⟨g⟩ ê eclipsis [en] pīng piáu-sī /ŋ/, pí-jû ⟨ár ngalar⟩ /ɑːɾˠ ˈŋɑɫəɾˠ/ \"lán ê pēnn\" (tsham-kiàn /ˈɡɑɫəɾˠ/). Teh tsit-ê gú-kù ê ūn-tsok kong-lîng tang-tiong, ⟨ng⟩ sī tuā-siá ê ⟨nG⟩, pí-jû \"i teh *nG*aillimh\".\n\nWelsh-gú hām Rheinische Dokumenta [en] iōng ⟨ng⟩ lâi piáu-sī nńg-kok phīnn-im /ŋ/.\n\nİah koh-teh Hunlân-gú sú-iōng jī-ha̍p jī-bó \"⟨ng⟩\" lâi piáu-sī im-uī tn̂g ê nńg-kok phīnn-im /ŋː/, kah ⟨nk⟩ /ŋk/ hîng-sîng tuì-pí, āu-tsiá sī hú-im tsiām-piàn tsi-hā ê \"kiông\" hîng-sik, sī tsi̍t-tsióng ka-tn̂g ê hîng-sik. Jio̍k-huà ê /k/ sán-sing tsi̍t-ê guân-sú ê \"nng-kok tshat-im\", tsò-uî piau-tsún ê Hunlân-gú tang-tiong put-tsûn-tsāi ê nńg-kok tshat-im. ⟨Ng⟩ tông-huà tsò thâu-tsîng ê /ŋ/, sán-sing tsit-ê im /ŋː/. Sui-bóng phing-siá uî \"⟨ng⟩\"; m̄-ku teh siánn-mih sî-tsūn ⟨ng⟩ lóng bô sia̍p-ki̍p /ɡ/. Sóo-í jī-ha̍p jī-bió ⟨ng⟩ m̄ sī tsi̍t-ê to̍k-li̍p ê jī-bió. ⟨G⟩ thong-siông tuè-teh ⟨N⟩ ê āu-piah tâng-tsê huat ⟨Ng⟩ ê im, kî-thann ê tsîng-hóng ⟨G⟩ mā kan-na iōng-lâi phing-siá guā-lâi-gú. In-tshú ⟨ng⟩ sī im-uī guân-tsik ê tsi̍t-ê lē-guā, ⟨n⟩ iah-sī ⟨g⟩ sī piau-tsún Hunlân-gú jī-bió tang-tiong tsiânn-tsē ê jī-bió lāi-té ê tsi̍t-ê.\n\n### Tiong-a gú-giân\n\nTī Tiong-a gú-giân ê Uzbek-gú lāi-té, ⟨ng⟩ sī jī-bó tang-tiong ê tē-29 ê jī-bó. ⟨Ng⟩ hông khuànn-tsò tsi̍t-ê tan-to̍k ê jī-bó; sī Uzbek-gú jī-bó ê tsuè-āu ê tsi̍t-ê ( tio̍h-sī tē-29 ê) jī-bó, āu-piah tsiap \"phiat-hō\" (tutuq belgisi). Lî-tshiánn teh Alapik-gú lāi-té, ⟨ng⟩ sī tsò-uî jī-bó ⟨ڭ ⟩ ê tsuán-siá.\n\n### Hui-tsiu gú-giân\n\nTeh Hui-tsiu guân-tsū-bîn ê gú-giân [en] tang-tiong, thong-siông lóng ē iōng ⟨Ŋ ŋ⟩ lâi tshú-tāi ⟨ng⟩. Līng-guā teh tsi̍t-kuá-á Hui-tsiu gú-giân (Lingala-gú [en], Bambara-gú [en], Wolof-gú) tang-tiong piáu-sī tsiân-phīnn-huà [en] /ɡ/ (/ⁿɡ/)。\n\n### Lâm-tó gú-giân\n\nTeh tsiânn-tsē Lâm-tó gú-giân Māori-gú, Tagalog-gú, Tonga-gú, Gilbert-gú, Tuvalu-gú, Ìnnî-gú, Chamorro-gú, tang-tiong, ⟨ng⟩ hông jīn-uî sī tan-it jī-bó.\n\nKoh-teh Sepangâ sî-tāi ê Tagalog-gú kah kî-thann ê Huili̍ppin gú-giân [en] lāi-té, ⟨ng⟩ tāi-piáu tsîng phīnn-huà im hē-lia̍t /ŋɡ/. Nńg-kok phīnn-im /ŋ/ ū tsiânn-tsē tsióng su-siá hong-sik, tsik-sī \"⟨n͠g⟩\", \"⟨ñg⟩\", \"⟨gñ⟩\" (pí-jû teh jī-sû \"Sagñay\" lāi-té ê ⟨gñ⟩), í-ki̍p——teh guân-im tsi āu——ū-tang-sî-á sī \"⟨g̃⟩\". Koh-lâi teh 20 sè-kí tsá-kî Tagalog-gú, kah kî-thann Huili̍ppin gú-giân ê piau-tsún-huà kuè-tîng tang-tiong, ⟨ng⟩ hông iōng teh nńg-phīnn-im /ŋ/; put-jî-kò tsîng phīnn-huà im /ŋɡ/ tio̍h hông siá-tsò ⟨ngg⟩. Tshú-guā, ⟨ng⟩ mā iōng teh huat-im tsò /naŋ/ ê tiānn-tiānn khuànn ê sio̍k-kik [en] tsōo-sû, tio̍h kā i kah hù-sû [en] tsōo-sû ⟨nang⟩ khu-hun tshut-lâi. Teh Tagalog-gú lāi-té, ⟨ng⟩ iah-sī tsi̍t-ê tan-to̍k ê jī-bó, tha̍k-tsò \"Nang\". \n\nKî-thann ê Lâm Thài-pîng-iûnn [de] ê gú-giân tang-tiong, /ŋ/ im ū-tang-sî-á phing-tsò \"⟨ng⟩\", iah ū-tang-sî-á kan-nā phing-tsò \"⟨G⟩\" nā-niā. Tuì New Zealand Māori-gú lâi-kóng, ⟨ng⟩ sī tsi̍t-ê tan-to̍k ê jī-bó. Teh Tâi-uân guân-tsū-bîn tso̍k-gú lāi-té, ⟨ng⟩ sī tsi̍t-ê tan-to̍k ê jī-bôo, piáu-sī /ŋ/ im.\n\n### A-tsiu gú-giân\n\nA-tsiu gú-giân [en] ⟨ng⟩ teh hàn-tsōng gú-giân tang-tiong, Kah ing-gú í-ki̍p kî-thann kuí-ā tsióng Au-tsiu sóo ián-sing ê tsìng-jī-huat (pí-jû ua̍t-lâm-gú) kāng-khuán, thong-siong piáu-sī nńg-kok phīnn-im /ŋ/. Teh Bân-lâm-gú , Kheh-ka-uē, Bân-tang-gú Hok-tsiu-uē lāi-té; ⟨ng⟩ sī tsi̍t-ê tan-to̍k ê jī-bó, tāi-piáu tio̍h ūn-huà hú-im nńg-kok phīnn-im tha̍k-tsò /ŋ/.\n\nKè-sǹg-ki tāi-bé\n----------------\n\nTshiūnn tuā-to-sòo jī-ha̍p jī-bió kāng-khuán, teh tan-it ê hû-hō tsi-hā pīng-bô ⟨ng⟩ ê pian-bé, ⟨ng⟩ tsóng--sī thong-kuè sio-tsiap tsi̍t-ê ⟨N⟩ hām tsi̍t-ê ⟨g⟩ lâi kòo-sîng e̊.\n\n* jī-bió kiat-kòo hun-kái (ki-pún lating jī-bió, piàn-im hû-hō):\n\n| Hîng-sik | Jī-bú | Jī-hû ket-kòo | 16 tsìn-tsè tāi-bé | Suat-bîng | Pī-tsù |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Tuā-siá | **Ng** | NU+004EgU+0067 | `U+004E, U+0067` | Lating tuā-siá jī-bó ⟨N⟩ka-siōng latin sió-siá jī-bó ⟨g⟩ | N ka-siōng g |\n| Sió-siá | **ng** | nU+006EgU+0067 | `U+006E, U+0067` | Lating sió-siá jī-bó ⟨n⟩ka-siōng latin sió-siá jī-bó ⟨g⟩ | n ka-siōng g |\n|\n\nTsù-kiok\n--------\n\n1. ↑ The short velar nasal is an allophone [en] of /n/ in /nk/, and the long velar nasal /ŋŋ/, written *ng*, is the equivalent of /nk/ under weakening consonant gradation [en] (type of lenition [en]) and thus occurs only medially, e.g. *Helsinki* – Helsingin kaupunki (city *of Helsinki*) /hɛlsiŋki – hɛlsiŋŋin/. (Eng-gí)\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 de Haan, Ferdinand (2010-11-25). \"Typology of Tense, Aspect, and Modality Systems\". *Oxford Handbooks Online*. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199281251.013.0021.  (Eng-gí)\n2. 1 2 Torrence, Harold (2013-01-18). *The Clause Structure of Wolof*. Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today. **198**. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. doi:10.1075/la.198. ISBN 978-90-272-5581-5.  (Eng-gí)\n3. ↑ Adelaar, K Alexander; Himmelmann, Nikolaus, pian. (2004-11-25). *The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar*. doi:10.4324/9780203821121. ISBN 9781136755101.  (Eng-gí)\n4. ↑ Baxter, William H. (1992-01-31). *A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology*. Berlin, New York: DE GRUYTER MOUTON. doi:10.1515/9783110857085. ISBN 978-3-11-085708-5.  (Eng-gí) (Eng-gí)\n5. ↑ Nguyễn-Ðăng-Liêm (2019-03-31). *Vietnamese Pronunciation*. University of Hawaii Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv9zcm4h. ISBN 978-0-8248-8161-0.  (Eng-gí)\n6. ↑ Bithell, Jethro (2018-10-29), \"Sounds, Symbols and Alphabets\", *German Pronunciation and Phonology*, Routledge, pp. 1–45, doi:10.4324/9780429468926-1, ISBN 978-0-429-46892-6  (Eng-gí)\n7. ↑ Gussmann, Edmund (2000), \"Underlying forms\", *Morphologie*, Berlin • New York: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 499–510, doi:10.1515/9783110111286.1.7.499, ISBN 978-3-11-011128-6  (Eng-gí)\n8. ↑ Anderson, Gregory D. S. (2008), \"The Velar Nasal\", chū Haspelmath, Martin; Dryer, Matthew S; Gil, David; et al. *The World Atlas of Language Structures Online*, Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h pó-chûn tī 2011-04-25, 2008-04-30 khòaⁿ--ê  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Latin jī-bó ê hù-ka jī-bió [fr] (Lettres supplémentaires de l'alphabet latin)\n* Digramme\n* Garay alphabet\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* N on the website Scriptsource.org(Eng-gí)\n* n on the website Scriptsource.org(Eng-gí)\n* g on the website Scriptsource.org(Eng-gí)\n* Буква Nна сайте graphemica.com (Eng-gí)\n* Буква n на сайте graphemica.com (Eng-gí)\n* Буква g на сайте graphemica.com (Eng-gí)\n* List of languages with [g] on PHOIBLE (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Ng (jī-ha̍p jī-bió)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2973,8002,0.37153211697075733],"infobox":["
    Ng (jī-ha̍p jī-bió)
    \nNg ng
    Sú-iōng huat
    Su-siá hē-thóng\nLating jī-bió
    Luī-hîng\nJī-bió
    Gú-im sú-iōng\nThong-siông ê im-ti̍t piáu-sī Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im (teh kok-tsè im-piau lāi-té iû /ŋ/ hû-hō piáu-sī), hi̍k-tsiá tso̍k nńg-koksat-im (/g/) ê tsîng phīnn-huà [en] (/n͡g/ hi̍k-tsiá /ⁿg/).
    Unicode bé-uī\n(U+004E, U+0067);
     (U+006E, U+0067)
    Li̍k-sú
    Huat-tén\n
    • Ng ng
    Kî-thañ
    \nPún-bûn pau-kuah IPA gú-im hû-hō. Bô sik-tong ê nńg-ngē-thé ê tsi-uān, lí khó-lîng ē khuàñ-tio̍h gue̍h-bâi, tuāñ-lo̍h hû-hō, ia̍h-sī kî-thañ ê hû-hō, ten-tò m̄ sī Unicode ê dzī-hû. İú-kuan IPA hû-hō ê dzı̽p-mn̂g tsí-lâm, tshiáñ tsham-ua̍t Pang-tsān:IPA.
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8787}} -{"text":"Hoat-lân-se si̍t-bîn tè-kok\n**Hoat-lân-se si̍t-bîn tè-kok** (*Empire colonial français*) sī Hoat-kok tī 17 sè-kí kàu 1960 nî-tāi tiong-kan só͘ khòng-chè ê chē-chē tè i̍t-bîn-tē. Tī 19 kàu 20 sè-kí chho͘-kî, i chiâⁿ-chò sè-kài tē-jī tōa si̍t-bîn tè-kok, tē-it sī Tāi-eng Tè-kok. Tī 1919 kàu 1939 nî chit-ê tian-hong sî-kî, i hâm-kài 1234.7-bān pêng-hong kong-lí ê thó͘-tē. Nā-sī kā Hoat-kok pún-thó͘ iā sǹg ji̍p-lâi ê ōe, i-ê biān-chek tiō ū 1289.8-bān pêng-hong kong-lí, chiàm sè-kài thó͘-tē chóng biān-chek ê 8.6%. Chia-ê si̍t-bîn-tē tī 20 sè-kí ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á to̍k-li̍p liáu-āu, kàu-taⁿ kan-na pó-liû hun-pò͘ chāi pak Tāi-se-iûⁿ, Carib Hái, Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ, lâm Thài-pêng-iûⁿ kap pak Thài-pêng-iûⁿ kúi pah ê bô-kāng ê tó-sū ia̍h-sī kûn-tó, lēng-gōa iáu-koh ū Hoat-kok léng Lâm-hong kap Lâm-ke̍k Tē-he̍k, chóng biān-chek ū 12.315-bān pêng-hong kong-lí; che sī 1939 nî sî ê 1%.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Hoat-kok Hái-gōa","meta":{"title":"Hoat-lân-se si̍t-bîn tè-kok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[17,892,0.01905829596412556],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1047}} -{"text":"**Sarah Flannery** (1982 nî —) tī Éire Contae Chorcaí chhut-sì, 16 hoè ê sî tī Baltimore Ki-su̍t (Baltimore Technologies) si̍t-sip koè chi̍t-chām-á, liáu-āu hoat-tián Cayley-Purser ián-sǹg-hoat, boé--á tit tio̍h 1999 nî BT Chheng-siàu-liân Kho-ha̍k-ka kap Ki-su̍t Tián-lám (BT Young Scientist and Technology Exhibition) ê chóng koan-kun. Sarah ê gián-kiù kè-oē hō chò \"Àm-bé-ha̍k - Chi̍t ê sin ê ián-sǹg-hoat kap RSA ê pí-phēng\" (\"Cryptography - A new algorithm versus the RSA\"), mā tit tio̍h 1999 nî Au-chiu Liân-bêng Chheng-siàu-liân Kho-ha̍k-ka Pí-sài (European Union Contest for Young Scientists) ê kim-pâi. Sarah kap lāu-pē ha̍p-siá ê chheh *In Code* tī 2001 nî chhut-pán.\n\nSarah boé--á khì Cambridge Tāi-ha̍k Peterhouse Ha̍k-īⁿ tha̍k tiān-náu kho-ha̍k, 2003 nî chhut-gia̍p. 2006 nî ê sî tiàm tī Tiān-chú Gē-su̍t (Electronic Arts) khang-khoè.\n\nKa-cho̍k\n--------\n\nSarah Flannery ê pē-bú sī David kap Elaine Flannery. Ū 4 ê sió-tī.\n\nChham-khó chu-bo̍k\n------------------\n\n* Sarah Flannery kap David Flannery. *In Code: A Mathematical Journey*, 2001 ISBN 1-56512-377-8\n* Àm-bé-ha̍k - Chi̍t ê sin ê ián-sǹg-hoat kap RSA ê pí-phēng.\n\nSiong-koan chu-liāu\n-------------------\n\n* Intel Kok-chè Kho-ha̍k kap Kang-têng Phok-lám-hoē (Intel International Science and Engineering Fair)\n* Soàⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘\n* Àm-bé-ha̍k\n* Cayley-Purser ián-sǹg-hoat\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Mathematica kap Pì-bi̍t ê Kho-ha̍k Archived 2010-01-08 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Sarah ê phò-kái ián-sǹg-hoat","meta":{"title":"Sarah Flannery","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[392,1314,0.2983257229832572],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1613}} -{"text":"Pepper stand at Central Market in Houston, Texas, showing its peppers ranked on the Scoville scale\nThe ghost pepper of Northeast India is considered to be a \"very hot\" pepper, at about 1 million SHU.\nThe Naga Morich, with around 1 million SHU, is primarily found in Bangladesh.\n**Scoville niû-pió** (ing-gú: Scoville scale; **Scoville liōng-huà tsí-piau**) sī kin-kì huan-kiunn-á sòo ê lông-tōo, í Scoville jia̍t tan-uī (SHU) kì-lio̍k ê huan-kiunn-á [en] kah kî-thann bu̍t-tsit ê hiam-lua̍h tōo (hi̍k-tsiá \"jia̍t-tōo\") ê tshik-liông ti̍t, kî-tiong hiam-lua̍h sòo sī tsú-iàu sîng-hūn.\n\nTsit-ê niû-pió í-kî tshòng-sū jîn, Bí-kok io̍h-tse-su Wilbur Scoville ê miâ-jī bīng-miâ, Wilbur Scoville tī 1912-nî the̍h-tshut ê hong-huat hông kiò-tsò Scoville kám-kuan tshik-tshì. Scoville kám-kuan ê tshik-tshì sī tsi̍t-tsióng tsú-kuan ê pîng-kóo, iû-î tsia̍h-kuè hiam-kiunn-á ê jîn-luī tuì luī hiam-kiunn-á sòo ê m-bín-kám-tōo sóo ttik-tshut–ê.\n\nLīng-guā tsi̍t-tsióng hong-huat, tio̍h-sī ko-hāu i̍k-siōng sik-phóo-huat (HPLC); ē-tàng iōng-teh hun-sik liōng-huà luī hiam-kiunn-á sòo hâm-liōng, tsò-uî tshì-kik liōng-huà tsí-piau. Tsia̍t-tsí 2011-nî, tsú-kuan kám-kuan tshik-tshì í-king teh tsiânn-tuā thîng-tōo tíng-kuân hōo HPLC tíng-tíng hun-sik hong-huat sóo-lâi tshú-tāi.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Barry-Jester, Anna Maria (October 15, 2014). \"Rating Chili Peppers On A Scale Of 1 To Oh Dear God I'm On Fire\". *FiveThirtyEight*. 2014-11-02 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"Some Like It Hot: Dorset's Ultra-Hot Chillies\". goân-loē-iông tī 19 November 2012 hőng khó͘-pih. 25 August 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. 1 2 3 4 Twilight Greenaway (10 January 2013). \"How Hot is That Pepper? How Scientists Measure Spiciness\". Smithsonian.com, US Smithsonian Institution. 17 December 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ Scoville, Wilbur (May 1912). \"Note on Capsicums\". *Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association*. **1** (5): 453–454. doi:10.1002/jps.3080010520.\n5. ↑ Collins MD, Wasmund LM, Bosland PW (1995). \"Improved method for quantifying capsaicinoids in *Capsicum* using high-performance liquid chromatography\". *HortScience*. **30** (1): 137–139. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.30.1.137.\n6. ↑ Al Othman, Zeid Abdullah (2011). \"Determination of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin in Capsicum Fruit Samples using High Performance Liquid Chromatography\". *Molecules*. **16** (10): 8920. doi:10.3390/molecules16108919. PMID 22024959.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* pH\n* Sng\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Wilbur ScovilleIa̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n profile on NNDB","meta":{"title":"Scoville niû-pió","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[990,2227,0.44454422990570275],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2647}} -{"text":"N̂g Chheng-tiâⁿ ka-tī oē ka-tī\n**N̂g Chheng-tiâⁿ** (黃清埕) sī Tâi-oân ū-miâ ê gē-su̍t-ka, choan-koàn tiau-sok kap iû-oē, 1912 nî tī Phîⁿ-ô͘ Sai-sū chhut-sì, 1943 nî chē ê chûn hō͘ Bí-kok tiàm-bī-chûn ê hî-lûi khian--tio̍h, nî-hoè chiah 31 soah lâi koè-sin.\n\nSeng-pêng\n---------\n\n1912 nî N̂g Chheng-tiâⁿ tī Phîⁿ-ô͘ Sai-sū Tî-tang-chhoan chhut-sì, tha̍k kong-ha̍k-haū ê sî tō khai-sí toè Laû Chheng-êng (劉清榮) o̍h oē-tô͘, chin ū bí-su̍t ê thian-hūn. 1925 nî khó tiâu Ko-hiông Tiong-ha̍k, m̄-koh i lóng kò͘ oē-tô͘, boé--á ha̍k-gia̍p pha-hng, soà lâi thoè-ha̍k. 1933 nî laū-pē sàng i khì Tang-kiaⁿ chún-pī khó i-kho, m̄-koh 1936 nî i chaú khì khó Tang-kiaⁿ Bí-su̍t Ha̍k-haū, khó tiaû tiau-sok-kho. I kap Tân Tek-ōng (陳德旺), Nâ Ūn-teng (藍運登) chò-hoé soè 1 keng oē-sek, kui-sim oē-tô͘ kap tiau-sok. 1939 nî kap Tân Hā-ú (陳夏雨) chò-hoé ji̍p-soán Tè-tián. 1940 nî ji̍p-soán Ji̍t-pún Tiau-khek-ka Hia̍p-hoē ê nî-tián, 1941 nî tit tio̍h Tiau-khek-ka Hia̍p-hoē-siúⁿ.\n\nHio̍h-joa̍h ê sî, i lóng ē tńg Tâi-oân, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ chioh toà Chiā Kok-iong (謝國鏞) chhù--nih. 1941 nî tī Tâi-lâm Kong-hoē-tn̂g kí-hêng tē 1 pái ê kò-tián. I mā ū chham-ú MOUVE Chō-hêng Bí-su̍t Hia̍p-hoē ê liân-tián.\n\nN̂g Chheng-tiâⁿ mā bat ēng **N̂g Chheng-têng** (黃清呈, 黃清庭) ê miâ-jī lâi hoat-piáu chok-phín.\n\nTha̍k-chheh kî-kan, N̂g Chheng-tiâⁿ chú-iàu khó hiaⁿ-ko N̂g Chheng-sùn (黃清舜) leh kā chi-chhî, i mā bat thè lâng chò-saⁿ lâi thàn só͘-hùi.\n\n1943 nî 31 hoè, chhut-gia̍p liáu-aū chiap-siū Pak-pêng Gē-choan ê phèng-su. M̄-koh tī tńg Tâi-oân ê lō͘-thaû, chē ê chûn Takatiho-maru (高千穗丸) hō͘ Bí-kok khian tîm--khì, kap ài-jîn Lí Kùi-hiong chò-hoé koè-sin.\n\nBí-su̍t Sêng-chiū\n-----------------\n\nO͘-saⁿ cha-bó͘\nN̂g Chheng-tiâⁿ siōng ū-miâ ê chok-phín sī i ê 1 pak iû-oē **O͘-saⁿ Cha-bó͘**, mā ū lâng kā kiò chò Tâi-oân ê Mona Lisa.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 南方紀事之浮世光影: Hip N̂g Chheng-têng ê tiān-iáⁿ\n* Archived 2016-04-12 at the Wayback Machine. Archived 2016-04-12 at the Wayback Machine. Ko-hiông Chhī-li̍p Bí-su̍t-kóan ū N̂g Chheng-têng ê tiau-sok","meta":{"title":"N̂g Chheng-tiâⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[189,1925,0.09818181818181818],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2304}} -{"text":"\n**N̂g Hiān-hôan** (Hàn-jī: 黃現璠; 1899 nî 11 goe̍h 13 ji̍t - 1982 nî 1 goe̍h 18 ji̍t) sī Tiong-kok hiān-tāi chhut-miâ ê jîn-lūi-ha̍k-ka kiam le̍k-sú-ha̍k-ka. I mā sī Cuengh-cho̍k le̍k-sú ê khai-ki-chó͘ kah Pat kùi ha̍k-phài ê thâu-lâng. Bat tī Tiong-kok ê hóan-iū ūn-tōng hit-chām-á, hō͘ Tiōng-kiōng phah-chòe Cuengh-cho̍k ia̍h-sī sú-ha̍k-kài siōng-kài-tōa ê iū-phài, siū-tio̍h 20-tang ê pek-hāi. \n\nN̂g Hiān-hôan kàu-siū chāi-siⁿ ê sî tī bîn-cho̍k-ha̍k chham le̍k-sú-ha̍k chia--ê léng-he̍k kut-la̍t piàⁿ-sè,1-sì-lâng siá kòe chiok chōe iu-siù ê chok-phín. I siá ê Cuengh-cho̍k kán-sú (壯族簡史) kap Cuengh-cho̍k thong-sú (壯族通史) lóng sī Tiong-kok thâu-chi̍t pún gián-kiù Cuengh-cho̍k le̍k-sú ê tì-chok. I siá ê Tông-tāi Siā-hōe khài-lio̍k (唐代社會概略) sī Tiong-kok thâu-chi̍t pún gián-kiù Tông-tiâu Siā-hōe ê tì-chok. I siá ê Sòng tāi thài-ha̍k-seng kiù-kok ūn-tōng (宋代太學生救國運動) sī Tiong-kok thâu-chi̍t pún gián-kiù ha̍k-seng ūn-tōng ê tì-chok.\n\nKeng-le̍k\n---------\n\n1899 nî i tī Tiong-kok Kńg-sai-séng ê Hû-sui-kōan chhut-sì, chhut-sì ê sî hō chò Kam Kìm-eng (甘錦英), chū sòe-hàn lāu-bó tō koè-sin--khì, sī lāu-pē kā i chhiâⁿ-iúⁿ toā-hàn--ê. I siàu-liân ê sî-chūn tī ka-hiong ê o̍h-tn̂g tha̍k-chheh. 1922 nî khó-tiâu Kńg-sai Séng-li̍p Sam-su. 1926 nî chhut-gia̍p liáu-āu, khó-tiâu Kok-li̍p Pak-kiaⁿ Su-hoān Tāi-ha̍k ū-kho, tī hia ha̍k-si̍p Tiong-kok le̍k-sú, sī Ông Tông-lêng (王桐齡), Tô Hi-sèng (陶希圣) kap Siau It-san (蕭一山) ê o̍h-tn̂g-seng. 1932 nî lo̍ah-lâng chut-gia̍p, the̍h tio̍h le̍k-sú ha̍k-sū ê ha̍k-ūi. liáu-āu, iû-û i phín-ha̍k-kiam-iu, m̄-bián khó-chhì ji̍p-khì Pak-su-tāi ê gián-kiù-só͘ chhim-chō, toè Tîn-uân (陳垣) kah Chu Hi-chóo (朱希祖) cheng-gián kàu-io̍k-ha̍k kap le̍k-sú-ha̍k. 1935 nî the̍h tio̍h kàu-io̍k sek-sū ê ha̍k-ūi. Pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, kâng-nî 11 goe̍h khì Ji̍t-pún liû-o̍h, tī Tang-kiaⁿ Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k (chit-má ê Tang-kiaⁿ Tāi-ha̍k) ê Tāi-ha̍k-īⁿ (Gián-kiù-īⁿ) tha̍k-chheh, chiap-siū Tang-tāi Tāi-ha̍k-īⁿ kàu-siū Wada Sei (和田清), Ka-têng Hoân (加藤繁) kah Harada Yoshito (原田淑人) ê chí-tō, choan-kong Tang-iûⁿ-sú, Ji̍t-pún-sú, Bîn-sio̍k-ha̍k, 1937 nî in-ūi Tiong-Ji̍t Chiàn-cheng po̍k-hoat, tī kôaⁿ-lâng tò-tńg-khì Tiong-kok ê Kńg-sai, tī Kńg-sai Tāi-ha̍k kà-chheh chò sian-siⁿ. 1940 nî kàu 1941 nî tiong-kan, tī Kńg-sai Tāi-ha̍k sing khí-lâi chò hù-kàu-siū--ah. Che í-āu,iū-koh chóan-khì Kńg-tang, hō͘ Tiong-san Tāi-ha̍k phèng-chhiáⁿ chò kàu-siū, chiâⁿ-chòe Cuengh-cho̍k thâu-chi̍t-ê kàu-siū.1942 nî 8 goe̍h, hō͘ Kok-li̍p Kùi-lîm Su-hoān Ha̍k-īⁿ phèng-jīm chò le̍k-sú kàu-siū.kàu-kah 1943 nî chhiu-thiⁿ,N̂g Hiān-hôan koh-chài tò-tńg-khì Kńg-sai Tāi-ha̍k chò kàu-siū. 1949 nî lo̍ah-thiⁿ,seng khí-lih kiam-jīm Kńg-sai Tāi-ha̍k ê hùn-tō-tiúⁿ ; hit kâng nî tang-bé,tiàu-kàu Tiong-bûn-hē kiam chú-jīm kàu-siū, 1950 nî 10 goe̍h,iū-koh tiàu-jīm Tô͘-su-kóan kóan-tiúⁿ.1952 nî hit-chūn, tiōng-kiōng hui-hêng ko-téng o̍h-tn̂g tiâu-chéng,i hō͘ tiàu-phài khì Kńg-sai Su-hoān Ha̍k-īⁿ (chit-chūn ê Kńg-sai Su-hoān Tāi-ha̍k)chò le̍k-sú-hē ê kàu-siū chham koh-chài kiam-jīm Tôo-su-kóan kóan-tiúⁿ. Chū-àn-ne ê 30-tang, i lóng tī hia Kńg-sai) Su-hoān Ha̍k-īⁿ chia̍h-thâu-lō͘ .N̂g Hiān-hôan chham kî-thaⁿ ê ha̍k-chiá bô kâng,i tùi 1942 nî kàu-kah 1982 nî ê 40 tang lóng lâu toà Kńg-sai, ūi-tio̍h Cuengh-cho̍k ê ha̍k-su̍t sū-gia̍p phah-piàⁿ.I tī chò Cuengh-cho̍k ê ha̍k-su̍t tiau-cha hit-sî,chha-put-to kā Kńg-sai kiâⁿ thàu-thàu--ah,the̍h tio̍h chin chē pó-kùi ê khó-kó͘ kap bûn-jī chu-liāu,mā thè Cuengh-cho̍k ê jîn-lūi-ha̍k chham bîn-cho̍k-ha̍k gián-kiù khiā tiōng-iàu ê ki-chhó·. 1982 nî 1 goe̍h 18 hō, in-ūi náu-ek-hiat pīⁿ, tī Kńg-sai Kùi-lîm kòe-sin. Hòe-siū 83. I óng-sing liáu-āu,tng-sî ê Kńg-sai Cuengh-cho̍k Chū-tī-khu chèng-hú tài-liām N̂g Hiān-hôan 1-sì-lâng chòe-chhut ê kū-tāi kòng-hiān,choan-kang lo̍h-chòng i tiàm Lâm-lêng ê \"Kńg-sai Cuengh-cho̍k Chū-tī-khu kek-bēng kong-bōng\". 1999 nî 11 goe̍h,bat tī Kńg-sai Su-hoān Tāi-ha̍k kú-pān \"N̂g Hiān-hôan kàu-siū chhut-sì pah tang kì-liām chō-tâm-hōe\".sàn-huē liáu-āu,Kńg-sai Su-hoān Tāi-ha̍k pian-chi̍p Chhut-pán kè \"N̂g Hiān-hôan kàu-siū chhut-sì pah tang kì-liām bûn-chi̍p\" chham \"N̂g Hiān-hôan ha̍k-su̍t lūn-bûn-chi̍p\". hiān-chú-sî Kùi-lîm tiong-ha̍k kap Kńg-sai Su-hoān Tāi-ha̍k kok-chū khiā-iú \"N̂g Hiān-hôan chióng-ha̍k-kim\" chham \"N̂g Hiān-hôan siáu-sò͘ bîn-cho̍k chióng-ha̍k-kim.\n\nChāi-seⁿ ê kiam-chit\n--------------------\n\nN̂g Hiān-hôan chāi-sè ê sî, i kiam-jīm kòe chē-chē siā-hōe chham ha̍k-su̍t chit-bū. Chú-iàu ū: Tiong-iong Bîn-cho̍k Hóng-būn-thôan Kńg-sai Hun-thôan ê hù-thôan-tiúⁿ (thôan-tiúⁿ sī: Huì Hàu-thong), tē-it-kài Chôan-kok Jîn-tāi tāi-piáu, tē-it-kài Tiong-kok Jîn-bîn Tùi-gōa Bûn-hòa Hia̍p-hōe ê lí-sū, tē-it-kài Chôan-kok Jîn-tāi Bîn-cho̍k Úi-ôan-hōe ê úi-ôan, Tiong-iong Tùi-gōa Bûn-hòa Liân-lo̍k Úi-ôan-hōe ê úi-ôan, tē-gō͘-kài Chôan-kok Chèng-hia̍p úi-ôan, Kńg-sai chió-sò͘ bîn-cho̍k siā-hōe le̍k-sú tiau-cha-cho͘ thâu-lâng, thâu-it kài Tiong-kok bîn-cho̍k-ha̍k ha̍k-hōe kò͘-būn,thâu-it kài Tiong-kok pah-o̍at bîn-cho̍k-sú géng-kiù-hōe ê hù-hōe-tiúⁿ,thâu-it kài Tiong-kok sai-lâm bîn-cho̍k géng-kiù ha̍k-hōe kò͘-būn kah Tiong-kok tōa-pek-kho-choân-su bîn-cho̍k phian-chip úi-ôan-hōe úi-ôan chia-ê kiam-chit. bóan-sòe bat chhòng-pān Lî-kang Gia̍p-û Tāi-ha̍k,tī hia chò hāu-tiúⁿ.\n\nTiōng-iàu ê tù-chok\n-------------------\n\n* *Tiong-kok Thong-sú Kong-iàu*, 1932 nî kàu 1934 nî, Pak-pêng Bûn-hòa Ha̍k-siā\n* *Tông-tāi Siā-hōe Khài-lio̍k*, 1936 nî, Siong-bū Ìn-su-kóan\n* *Sòng-tāi Thài-ha̍k-seng Kiù-kok Ūn-tōng*, 1936 nî, Siong-bū Ìn-su-kóan\n* *Cuengh-cho̍k kán-sú*, 1957 nî, Kńg-sai Jîn-bîn Chhut-pán-siā\n* *Tiong-kok Le̍k-sú Bô Lô͘-lē Siā-hōe*, 1981 nî, Kńg-sai Su-hoān Ha̍k-īⁿ\n* *Lâng Tì-ko*,1983 nî, Kńg-sai Jîn-bîn Chhut-pán-siā\n* *Cuengh-cho̍k Thong-sú*, 1988 nî, Kńg-sai Bîn-cho̍k Chhut-pán-siā\n* *N̂g Hiān-hôan Ha̍k-su̍t Lūn-bûn-chi̍p*, 2004 nî ,Kńg-sai Su-hoān Tāi-ha̍k\n* *Uî Po̍at-kûn ê Phîng-tōan*, 2008 nî, Kńg-sai Su-hoān Tāi-ha̍k\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ www.china.com.cn\n2. ↑ Ji̍t-pún ha̍k-chiá **thióng-chhân Sêng- chi** siá ê thâu-sū (塚田诚之寫的頭序)\n3. ↑ Tiong-kok sin-bûn chhut-pán-pò(中國新聞出版報)\n4. ↑ Tân Kiat-chheⁿ siá ê e̍k kùi-hái ha̍k-su̍t thâu-lâng N̂g Hiān-hôan(陳吉生寫的忆桂海学术泰斗黄现璠)\n5. ↑ [《历史文化名人在桂林·画集》第147页，新世纪出版社，2005年。ISBN 7-5405-2950-4/K·29]\n\nGōa-kháu liân-kiat\n------------------\n\n* Tiong-kok-bāng ê Tiong-kok bîn-cho̍k--kùi-hái ha̍k-su̍t thâu-lâng (Hàn-jī)--中國網的中國民族-桂海學術頭人\n* Jîn-bîn-bāng(Hàn-jī) --人民網\n* Tiong-gōa siaⁿ-thâu-tháu ê jîn-lūi-ha̍k-ka kap bîn-cho̍k-ha̍k-ka ê siàu-siōng (中外聲頭敁的人類學家佮民族學家的肖像)","meta":{"title":"N̂g Hiān-hôan","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1162,6465,0.1797370456303171],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7435}} -{"text":"O͘-ji̍t-khu\n**O͘-ji̍t-khu** (烏日區) sī Tâi-oân, Tâi-tiong-chhī ē-kha ê 1-ê khu.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nO͘-ji̍t-khu tī tong-keng 120.38-tō͘, pak-hūi 24.07-tō͘. Tâi-tiong-chhī ê se-lâm kak, pak-pêng sio-chiap Lâm-khu kap Lâm-tūn-khu, tang-pêng sī Tāi-lí-khu kap Bū-hong-khu, lâm-pêng sī Hun-hn̂g-hiong, sai-pêng sī Tōa-tō͘-khu kap Chiong-hòa-chhī.\n\nTang-se ū 8.4 km, lâm-pak ū 10.4 km. Chóng-bīn-chek sī 43.3 km².\n\nO͘-ji̍t chē hô-chhoan. Tōa-tō͘-khe, O͘-khe kap in ê hun-ki chhng kòe O͘-ji̍t. Ū chò tōa-chúi ê gûi-ki, chóng-sī mā sī chá-chêng ê keng-chè ki-chhó͘ chi it.\n\nLí\n--\n\nHiān-tāi ê O͘-ji̍t-khu ū 16 lí: \n\n* Chiân-tek\n* Êng-chôaⁿ\n* O̍h-chhân\n* Kiú-tek\n* Jîn-tek\n* Kong-bêng\n* Khe-bóe\n* Khe-pà\n* Lâm-lí\n* Lê-thâm\n* Ngó͘-kong\n* O͘-ji̍t\n* Ô͘-ji̍t\n* Pak-lí\n* Sam-hô\n* Tang-hn̂g\n\nO͘-ji̍t tī 1946-nî siat hiong, 2010 nî 12 goe̍h 25 ji̍t siat khu.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nTī Khiân-liông sî-tāi, O͘-ji̍t tē-khu ê hàn-jîn ná lâi ná chē. Khí Ông-chhân-chùn (王田圳) liáu-āu, tùi Tâi-tiong ín--lâi ê chúi-gôan chı̍t-ē ún-tēng, jîn-kháu tō tōa cheng-ka. Ke-ê tiū-bí thàu-kòe hô-chhoan hē-thóng tùi Ô͘-ji̍t-káng ūn kàu Lo̍k-káng. Khiân-liông 50-nî chìn-chêng, seng chóan-ūn kaù An-pêng-káng, chiah tùi hia chài kòe hái-kiap bē khì Hok-kiàn. Khiân-liông 50-nî í-āu, tō ti̍t-chiap tùi Lo̍k-káng ūn khì Hok-kiàn.\n\nKo-sok-thih-lō͘ ê Tâi-tiong chām beh khí tī Sam-hô-lí.\n\nSiā-hōe\n-------\n\nTùi O͘-ji̍t ê chi̍t-kóa kū tē-miâ (chhin-chhiūⁿ Hoan-á-hn̂g) ē-tit liáu-kái O͘-ji̍t tē-khu gôan-pún sī lâm-tó pêⁿ-po͘ cho̍k-kûn ê o̍ah-tōng tē-pôaⁿ.\n\nKin-kù 1926-nî (?) ê tiau-cha, O͘-ji̍t ê jîn-kháu ū 8,500-lâng, kî-tiong 94% chó͘-chek sī Hok-kiàn Chiang-chiu.\n\nO͘-ji̍t ê sîn-bêng pau-koat Kóng-hūi Chun-ông, Thian-siōng Sèng-bó, Hiân-thân Gôan-sòe, Khai-chiong Sèng-ông.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* 烏日文史協會 烏日文史匯編第一集\n* 中縣烏日鄉公所 烏日鄉志文化篇\n\nChām-gōa chu-gôan\n-----------------\n\n* O͘-ji̍t Khu-kong-só͘\n* O͘-ji̍t Kok-bîn Sió-ha̍k, O͘-ji̍t Kok-bîn Tiong-ha̍k\n* O͘-ji̍t Siau-hông Hun-tūi\n* O͘-ji̍t Bûn-sú Hia̍p-hōe\n\n| | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-tiong-chhī ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Khu: | Aū-lí-khu **·** Bū-hong-khu **·** Chheng-chúi-khu **·** Chio̍h-kng-khu **·** Goā-po͘-khu **·** Gô͘-chhe-khu **·** Hong-goân-khu **·** Hô-pêng-khu **·** Lâm-khu **·** Lâm-tūn-khu **·** Liông-chéⁿ-khu **·** O͘-ji̍t-khu **·** Pak-khu **·** Pak-tūn-khu **·** Sai-tūn-khu **·** Se-khu **·** Sin-kóng-khu **·** Sin-siā-khu **·** Soa-la̍k-khu **·** Tāi-an-khu **·** Tāi-kah-khu **·** Tāi-lí-khu **·** Tāi-ngé-khu **·** Tang-khu **·** Tang-sì-khu **·** Thài-pêng-khu **·** Thâm-chú-khu **·** Tiong-khu **·** Toā-tō͘-khu | |\n\n |\n\n \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | *Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ pún-té khan tī holopedia.net.* |","meta":{"title":"O͘-ji̍t-khu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[853,2405,0.3546777546777547],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3107}} -{"text":"Bó--ê\nKang--ê\n**O͘-tiám-hún-tia̍p** (Hàn-jī: 黑點粉蝶, ha̍k-miâ: *Leptosia nina*) sī Hún-tia̍p-kho (Pieridae) ê chi̍t-khoán boé-ia̍h-á. \n\nChhî Io̍k-hong (徐堉峰) tī 1999 nî \"Tâi-oân-tia̍p Tô͘-kàm\" (台灣蝶圖鑑) tē-it kńg chheh--nih, ū-kóng choân-kiû ê o͘-tiám-hún-tia̍p hō͘-lâng hun-chò 14 ê a-chéng, Tâi-oân ê chit-chéng pī jīn-ûi sī te̍k-iú a-chéng. Tâi-oân o͘-tiám-hún-tia̍p (*Leptosia nina niobe Wallace*) ê tē-it-ūi chhái-chi̍p kì-lo̍k-chiá sī Eng-kok-lâng Robert Swinhoe.\n\nHêng-thài\n---------\n\nI ê si̍t-kó͘ nā thíⁿ--khui ū 40 kaù 45 mm khoah. I ê si̍t-kó͘ piáu-bīn kui-ê sī pe̍h--ê; chú-iàu ê te̍k-teng sī téng-koân-si̍t-kó͘ kha-chiah-phiaⁿ-bīn tiong-hng oá goā-chhek ū 1 lia̍p bêng-hián ê o͘-sek pan-tiám; pak-tó͘-bīn téng-koân-si̍t-kó͘ thâu-chêng-iân kap ē-kha-si̍t-kó͘ ū iù-iù sè-sè o͘-ka-pi-sek ê tiám chhin-chhiūⁿ hûn ê khoán. Bó--ê si̍t khah îⁿ khah khoah, kha-chiah-phiaⁿ-bīn téng-koân-si̍t ê si̍t-toan ū hoe-o͘-sek ê pan, pak-tó͘ boa̍t-toan kah ē-kha-si̍t āu-piah-iân lia̍h-chê. Kang--ê si̍t-kó͘ goā-hêng khah e̍h khah tn̂g, pak-tó͘ tn̂g-tō͘ chám-jiân khah té.\n\nHun-pò͘\n-------\n\n濱野榮次 ê \"Tâi-oân Tia̍p-lūi Seng-thài Toā-tô͘-kàm\" (台灣蝶類生態大圖鑑, 1986) chheh--nih siá-kóng, o͘-tiám-hún-tia̍p khòng-hoat hun-pò͘ tī Tâi-oân pa̍k-pō͘ kàu Hêng-chhun poàⁿ-tó it-tāi, lâm-pō͘ kē hái-poa̍t soaⁿ-khu khah-chia̍p-khoàiⁿ. Tû-liáu Tâi-oân, iah hun-pò͘ tī Ìn-tō͘, Sri Lanka, Jawa, Hui-li̍p-pin, Tiong-lâm poàⁿ-tó, kap Tiong-kok lâm-pō͘ chia ê só͘-chāi. Lí Chùn-iân (李俊延) kap Ông Hāu-ga̍k (王效岳) ê \"Tâi-oân Ô͘-tia̍p Tô͘-kàm\" (2002 nî) mā-ū kóng--tio̍h, o͘-tiám-hún-tia̍p tī tiong-lâm-pō͘ kui-tang lóng-ū thang khoàⁿ, ah pa̍k-pō͘ sī hhun-thiⁿ kàu chhiu-thiⁿ khah-chē. Tī Tâi-oân ê hun-pò͘ ē-sái koân kàu hái-poa̍t 1500 kong-chhioh. Tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ē-tàng khoàⁿ tio̍h i tī chhiū-nâ-piⁿ chhiū-á-kha leh phoe, khin-sńg khoaⁿ-bān.\n\nKià-chú si̍t-bu̍t\n-----------------\n\nO͘-tia̍m-hún-tia̍p ê kià-chú si̍t-bu̍t ū Pe̍h-hoe-chhài-kho (Capparaceae) ê loē-hio̍h soaⁿ-kam (*C. acutifolia*), soaⁿ-kam (*C. formosana*), sió-chhì soaⁿ-kam (*C. henri*), Lân-sû soaⁿ-kam (*C. lanceolaris*), hî-bo̍k (*C. adansonii*), pêng-ho̍k-keng pe̍h-hoe-chhài (*C. rutidosperma*), téng-téng.\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n Archived 2006-11-09 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"O͘-tiám-hún-tia̍p","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2195,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2554}} -{"text":"Kǹg-thih.\nKǹg-pán, chi̍t-khóan kǹg-thih sán-phín.\n**Kǹg**, **kǹg-thih**, ia̍h **thih-kǹg**, sī thih saⁿ-lām chió-liōng ê thòaⁿ-sò͘ liān-chè--chhut-lâi ê ha̍p-kim. Chiàu su-iàu mán-gàn (Mn), khu-ló͘-mih (Cr), wolfram (W) chham vanadium (V) téng goân-sò mā ū chò kǹg-thih ê gôan-liāu. Liān-chè kǹg-thih ê kòe-têng hō chò liān-kǹg, sǹg sī chè-chō-gia̍p chi khoán.\n\nTēng-gī\n-------\n\nFe-C ha̍p-kim ê chōng-thài piàn-hòa.\nTī kim-sio̍k-ha̍k ê tēng-gī lāi-bīn, \"kǹg\" sī thòaⁿ (C) hâm-liōng 0.0218% kàu 2.14% (chit-liōng ê %) chi-kan ê Fe-C jī-gôan ha̍p-kim. Nā-sī chhiau-kòe 2.14% hō-chòe chù-thih (鑄鐵); bōe-móa 0.0218% ê hō-chòe thih.\n\nGôan-lí\n-------\n\nThòaⁿ gôan-chú ē kau-chham ji̍p-khì thih ē kim-sio̍k chiⁿ-thé lāi-bīn, kái-piàn thih gôan-chú ê pâi-lia̍t hong-sek. Liān-chè un-tō͘ ê ko-te piàn-hòa, chham thòaⁿ ê pi-lē, ē éng-hióng kǹg-thih ê sèng-chit.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nKó͘-chá sî-tāi chiō ū kǹg-thih, tī Tang-hui ū hoat-kiàn Chêng 1400 nî ê kǹg.. Tī Kó͘ Lô-má chham Tiong-kok ê Chiàn-kok Sî-tāi mā-ū. Tī Ìn-tō͘ , tāi-iok Chêng 300 nî chiō ū, jî-chhiáⁿ chè-chō ki-su̍t tī 5-sè-kí thôan-kàu Tiong-kok.\n\nSán-gia̍p\n---------\n\n \n\nKǹg-thih sī chin-chōe sán-gia̍p ê gôan-liāu, ē éng-hióng kui-ê keng-chè ê hoat-tián, in-chhú, kǹg-thih ê chè-chō sī tiōng-iàu ê keng-chè chí-piau. Kun-kù 2006 nî ê chu-liāu, thong-sè-kài kǹg-thih sán-liōng siāng-chē ê kok-ka sī Tiong-kok, koh-lâi sī Ji̍t-pún. Sán-liōng tē-it ê kong-si sī ArcelorMittal.\n\nHun-lūi\n-------\n\n### Sêng-hun hun-lūi\n\n* Thòaⁿ-kǹg\n\t+ Kē-thòaⁿ-kǹg\n\t+ Tiong-thòaⁿ-kǹg\n\t+ Ko-thòaⁿ-kǹg\n\n* Ha̍p-kim-kǹg\n\t+ Kē-ha̍p-kim-kǹg\n\t+ Tiong-ha̍p-kim-kǹg\n\t+ Ko-ha̍p-kim-kǹg\n\n### Hêng-chōng hun-lūi\n\n* Khúi-tiâu (軌條)\n* Hêng-kǹg (形鋼)\n* Pāng-kǹg (棒鋼)\n* Sòaⁿ-châi (線材)\n* Kāu-iong-pán (厚中板)\n* Po̍h-pán (薄板)\n* Kǹg-kóng (鋼管)\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Civilizations in Africa: The Iron Age South of the Sahara Archived 2011-05-03 at the Wayback Machine.\n2. ↑ Wagner, Donald B (1993). *Iron and Steel in Ancient China: Second Impression, With Corrections*. Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 243. ISBN 90-04-09632-9.\n3. ↑ Needham, Volume 4, Part 1, 282.\n4. ↑ International Iron and Steel Institute (2006). *\"World Steel in figures\"* Archived 2009-07-10 at the Wayback Machine. abgerufen am 14. Januar 2006 (PDF, englisch)\n\nIa̍h khòaⁿ-māi\n--------------\n\n* Stainless kǹg","meta":{"title":"Kǹg-thih","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[634,2087,0.3037853378054624],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2562}} -{"text":"\n**Arizona** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. I ê siú-hú kap siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Phoenix. \n\nArizona tī 1912 nî ka-ji̍p Bí-kok Liân-pang, chiâⁿ-chò Bí-kok tē 48-ê chiu. \n\nGrand Canyon Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g tiàm-tī Arizona.\n\nTē-hō-miâ\n---------\n\n*Arizona* chit-ê miâ gí-goân sī chá-chêng ê Se-pan-gâ hō-miâ *Arizonac*, pún jī goân-thâu sī O'odham-gí ê *alĭ ṣonak*, ì-sù sī \"sió chúi-chôaⁿ,\" tāi-seng sī piáu-sī Planchas de Plata gîn-khòng hū-kīn tē-hng.\n\nTû-liáu í-siōng ké-soeh, mā ū chi̍t khoán kóng-hoat, sī jīn-ûi chit-ê miâ goân-lâi sī lâi chia chhī iûⁿ ê Basque lâng ê chi̍t kù *haritz ona*, ì-sū kóng \"hó chhiūⁿ-chhiū.\"\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nArizona ūi tī leh Bí-kok ê sai-lâm-pō͘, sī \"Sì-kak\" (Four Corners) chiu-hūn chi it. Chiàu biān-chek lâi sǹg, Arizona sī Bí-kok pâi tē-6 tōa ê chiu, ū 295,000 pêng-hong kong-lí; 15% sī su-jîn thó͘-tē, nā kî-tha lóng sī kong-ka ê chhiū-nâ-tē, kong-hn̂g-tē, chiu ê sìn-thok thó͘-tē ia̍h goân-chū-bîn pó-liû-tē.\n\nTī Arizona lâm-pō͘ chú-iàu sī soa-bo̍k kap soaⁿ-tē. Pún chiu óa tī Bí-kok pian-kài, tī lâm-pêng tio̍h sī Mexico ê Sonora Chiu.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nArizona goân-lâi ū Hohokam, Mogollon, Pueblo bûn-hòa chē khoán ê goân-chū bîn-cho̍k. Só͘ chai-iáⁿ Au-chiu-lâng thâu chi̍t pái kap chā-tē ê lâng chiap-chhio̍k, sī Se-pan-gâ-hē Hoat-kok-lâng Marcos de Niza ùi 1539 nî ê sî-chūn. I thàm-châ liáu chi̍t pō͘-hūn kin-á-ji̍t ê Arizon tē-hng. 1540 nî kàu 1542 nî kî-kan, koh ū Francisco Vázquez de Coronado ji̍p lâi pún tē-khu, i ê bo̍k-te̍k sī chhōe thoân-soat ê \"n̂g-kim-siâⁿ\" Cíbola.\n\nSòa--lo̍h-lâi koh ū Ia-so͘-hōe ê soan-tō-su Eusebio Kino ji̍p khì pún tē-hng pò͘-kàu; 1690 nî-tāi kàu 18 sè-kí chá-kî, chin chē ūi Pimería Alta (óa kin-á-ji̍t Arizona lâm-pō͘ kap Sonora pak-pō͘) goân-chū-bîn to tòe sìn Ki-to̍k. Se-pan-gâ-lâng koh tī 1752 nî ê sî tī Tubac khí siâⁿ, kàu 1775 iū khí Tucson. Tong 1821 nî Mexico to̍k-li̍p ê sî-chūn, Arizona tio̍h piàn chò sī in Nueva California léng-thó͘ ê chi̍t hūn. Se-pan-gâ-cho̍k kap Mestizo-lâng (Se-pan-gâ-lâng kap Mexico goân-chū-bîn saⁿ-lām ê bîn-cho̍k) hit-chūn óa-ná iá koh tī pún tē khiā-khí.\n\n1847 nî, Bí Be̍k Chiàn-cheng khai-sí, chiàm-niá liáu Mexico siâⁿ-chhī ê Bí-kok, tio̍h iau-kiû pau-koat āu-lâi Arizona chāi-lāi ê thó͘-tē. Bí-kok lēng-gōa mā keng-kòe Gadsden Siu-bé (*Gadsden Purchase*) ê hong-sek tit tio̍h Gila Hô í lâm ê thó͘-tē. \n\nArizona pún-té sī New Mexico Léng-thó͘ ê chi̍t hūn; 1861 nî 3 goe̍h 16, New Mexico lâm-pêng pun chhut-lâi sin siat Arizona Pang-liân Léng-thó͘ (*Confederate Territory of Arizona*). Chit sî tng sī Bí-kok Lōe-chiàn sî-kî, pang-liân-kok chóng-thóng Jefferson Davis tī 1862 nî 2 goe̍h 14 chiap-siū sin-ê Arizona léng-thó͘. Ka-ji̍p liáu pang-liân-kok liáu-āu, Arizona chi-chhî in lōe-chiàn lāi ê jîn-bé kap chu-goân. Tong-sî koh chhut-hiān Arizona Thàm-bé Kio̍k (*Arizona Scout Company*) chham-ú chiàn-cheng. 1863 nî, liân-pang chèng-hú sin-siat Arizona Léng-thó͘, sī tùi goân-lâi ê New Mexico Léng-thó͘ pun--chhut-lâi ê sai-pòaⁿ-pêng. 19 sè-kí bóe-kî, Brigham Young phài liáu chi̍t kóa Mormon kàu-tô͘ hiòng Arizona hoat-tián, in kiàn-li̍p liáu pí-lūn Mesa, Snowflake, Heber, Safford téng chng-thâu.\n\n1912 nî 2 goe̍h 14, Arizona sêng-li̍p chò Bí-kok ê chi̍t chiu, sī tē 48-ê chiu, mā sī liân-sio̍k pō͘-hūn ê siāng bóe chi̍t chiu. 1910 nî kàu 1920 nî kî-kan, sī Mexico Kek-bēng ê sî-chūn, chin-chē kau-chiàn tio̍h hoat-seng ùi Arizona pian-kài, bē-chió Arizona ê lâng mā chham-ka chia ê chiàn-tò͘. 1918 nî hit kái ê Ambos Nogales Chiàn-tò͘ (*Battle of Ambos Nogales*), sī Mexico kap Bí-kok kun-tūi ê sio-thâi, tè-bé Bí-kok chiàn iâⁿ.\n\nTōa Siau-tiâu sî-kî, goân-lâi hoat-ta̍t ê mî-hoe-gia̍p kap tâng-khòng-gia̍p siū tio̍h phò-hoāi. M̄-koh tông-sî tùi 1920 kiam 30 nî-tāi, koan-kong gia̍p hoán-tian chò Arizona chāi-tē tiōng-iàu ê sán-gia̍p.\n\nKàu Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn ê sî, Arizona hông tòng chò sī Tek-kok chiàn-siû (*prisoners of war*) kiam Ji̍t-pún-hē Bí-kok-lâng siu-iông-só͘ ê só͘-chāi-tē. Tī Arizona hit-chūn koh ū Phenix Indian Ha̍k-hāu, siu Bí-kok goân-chū-bîn ê gín-á ji̍p khì chia̍p-siū Se-iûⁿ-sek ê kàu-io̍k, éng-hióng in-ê gí-giân kap chong-kàu.\n\nSè-kài Tāi-chiàn kiat-sok liáu-āu, Arizon ê jîn-kháu kap sán-gia̍p lóng sìn-sok hoat-tián, siū tio̍h khong-tiâu ki-su̍t ê phó͘-phiàn, chāi-tē ê seng-oa̍h mā piàn khah sù-sī. 1970 nî ê sî, chiu lāi jîn-kháu chin-ka kàu 175.2 bān.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nArizona tī 2014 nî ê chiu-lāi seng-sán chóng-gia̍h sī 286,554 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Kin-á-ji̍t Arizona ê sán-gia̍p siāng chú-iàu ê pau-koat ū kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘, ūn-su, kap chèng-hú siat-si. Nā le̍k-sú-siōng, tâng-khòng, mî-hoe, chhī-gû téng sū-giap sī chin hoat-ta̍t.\n\nSiòng-phìⁿ\n----------\n\n* \n* \n*\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Arizona – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary\". Merriam-webster.com. April 25, 2007. December 28, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"2010 Census State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates\". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved February 14, 2012.\n3. ↑ \"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015\" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 24, 2015. December 24, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"Frisco\". *NGS data sheet*. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. October 20, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī October 15, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. December 28, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. 1 2 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n7. ↑ Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Arizona, FRED.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"Arizona","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2089,6496,0.32158251231527096],"infobox":["\n
    Arizona Chiu
    State of Arizona
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: The Grand Canyon State; The Copper State
    \nPiau-gí: Ditat Deus (Siū Sîn chō͘-hù)
    \nChiu-koa: \"The Arizona March Song\" kap \"Arizona\"
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Arizona highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nEng-gí
    Liû-thong gí-giân\n

    Chiàu 2010 nî

    \n
    • Eng-gí 74.1.%
      • \n
    • Se-pan-gâ-gí 19.5%
      • \n
    • Navajo-gí 1.9%
      • \n
    • Kî-tha 4.5 %
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nArizonan
    Siú-hú
    (kiam siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī)    		\nPhoenix
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nPhoenix tō͘-hōe-khu
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-6
     • Ha̍p-kè\n113,990 sq mi
    (295,234 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n310 lí (500 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n400 lí (645 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n0.35
     • Hūi-tō͘\n31°  20′ N to 37° N
     • Keng-tō͘\n109°  03′ W to 114°  49′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-14
     • Ha̍p-kè\n6,828,065 (2015 nî ko͘-sǹg)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n57/sq mi  (22/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-33
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nHumphreys Peak
    12,637 ft (3852 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n4,100 ft  (1250 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nColorado Hô (Sonora pian-kài)
    72 ft (22 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nArizona Territory
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\n1912 nî 2 goe̍h 14 (tē-48)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nDoug Ducey (R)
    Secretary of State\nMichele Reagan (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nArizona Li̍p-hoat-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-īⁿ
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-īⁿ
    Chham-gī-goân\nVacant
    Jeff Flake (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n5-ê Kiông-hô-tóng; 4-ê Bîn-chú-tóng (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \n 
     • most of state\nMountain: UTC -7 (no DST)
     • Navajo Nation\nMountain: UTC -7/-6
    ISO 3166\nUS-AZ
    Kán-siá\nAZ, Ariz.
    Bāng-chām\nwww.az.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6134}} -{"text":"\n**Pennsylvania** sī Bí-kok tang-pak ê chi̍t-ê chiu, jîn-kháu tāi-iok ū 12,281,054, pâi-miâ tē 6. I ê siú-hú sī Harrisburg, siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Philadelphia.\n\nMiâ\n---\n\nPennsylvania chiu chèng-sek ê Eng-gí miâ sī \"Commonwealth of Pennsylvania\", tī Bí-kok chú-iàu ū sì-ê chiu sú-iōng chit thò hō-miâ.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nPennsylvania lâm-pak ū 274 kong-lí hn̄g, tang-sai ū 455 kong-lí; biān-chek ū 119,282 pêng-hong kong-lí. Chiu ê lâm-pêng pian-kài hō-chò Mason–Dixon Soàⁿ, kap Delaware chi-kan kài-sòaⁿ sī *Twelve-Mile Circle*. Tī chiu ê tang-pêng koh ū Delaware Hô.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTī Au-chiu-lâng lâi-kàu chìn-chêng, chit-ūi sī Delaware, Susquehannock, Iroquois, Erie kap Shawnee téng goân-chū-bîn seng-oa̍h ê só͘-chāi.\n\nChá-kî Pennsylvania siū Hô-lân kap Sūi-tián ê si̍t-bîn, 1664 nî ōaⁿ Eng-kok niá-chiàm. William Penn sī Eng-kok si̍t-bîn-tē chhòng-kiàn-chiá. Āu-lâi Pennsylvania kiam chú-siâⁿ Philadelphia lâi-liáu chi-chē jîn-bîn sī Ki-tok-kàu Quaker phài.\n\nKàu 18 sè-kí, Pennsylvania iū koh khip-ín Tek-kok kap Scot-lân kiam Ire-lân î-bîn.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"Pennsylvania","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[216,1203,0.17955112219451372],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Pennsylvania
    —  Chiu  —
    Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
    \n\n\n\n
    \"Pennsylvania
    Kî-á    		 \"Pennsylvania
    Ìn-á
    \n
    \"Pennsylvania
    Pennsylvania ê uī-tì
    \n
    Kok-ka\n \"\" Bí-kok\n
    siú-húHarrisburg
    Bīn-chek
     - Lóng-chóng\n\t\t46,055 km2
    Jîn-kháu (2018)
     - Lóng-chóng12,807,060 lâng
     - Bi̍t-tō͘\n278.1/km2
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1167}} -{"text":"\n***Bô-bí-lo̍k*** (Hàn-jī: 無米樂), Tâi-oân 2004 nî kì-lo̍k-phìⁿ, koan-hē Tâi-lâm Āu-piah-hiong Chheⁿ-liâu-chhoan (taⁿ Āu-piah-khu Chheⁿ-liâu-lí) 4-ê lāu choh-sit-lâng ê kò·-sū. Phìⁿ-tn̂g: 112 hun-cheng. Tō-ián Gân Lân-koân (顏蘭權, *Tē-tāng Kì-liām-chheh*), Chng Ek-cheng (莊益增). Tit-tio̍h tē-4-kài ê Tâi-oân Kok-chè Kì-lo̍k-phìⁿ Siang-liân-tián Tâi-oân-chióng.\n\n2004 nî 9 goe̍h pān kòe chhì-khoàⁿ-hōe, 9 goe̍h kap 10 goe̍h hun 2 pái tiàm Kong-kiōng Tiān-sī hòng-sàng. Keh-tńg-nî 5-goe̍h 20 khai-sí tiàm Tâi-pak, Tâi-tiong, Tâi-lâm kap Ko-hiông 5 keng hì-īⁿ chiūⁿ-ián, sī Tâi-oân chió-sò· bat tī tōa hì-īⁿ poaⁿ ê kì-lo̍k-phìⁿ. Tâi-lâm-koān-chéng-hú lī-iōng chit-ê ki-hōe ho·-iok siā-hōe \"chia̍h Tâi-oân bí\", te̍k-pia̍t sī Tâi-lâm chhut-sán ê lông-sán-phín.\n\n*Bô-bí-lo̍k* ín-khí siā-hōe thó-lūn Tâi-oân ka-ji̍p Sè-kài Bō·-e̍k Cho·-chit (WTO) tú--tio̍h ê būn-tê.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Bô-bí-lo̍k Archived 2005-06-07 at the Wayback Machine. (koaⁿ-hong chām)\n* Han-chî-tîn choan-chi̍p\n* Iáⁿ-phêng\n\t+ Tiān-iáⁿ Kì-lo̍k-phìⁿ -- Bô-bí-lo̍k\n\t+ Tī Hái-gōa Khoàⁿ Bô-bí-lo̍k","meta":{"title":"Bô-bí-lo̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[174,1053,0.16524216524216523],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1229}} -{"text":"\n**Slovakia Kiōng-hô-kok** (Óa-im: \"*su-lo̍k-ba̍k-khia*\", Slovak-gí: Slovenská republika) sī Tiong Au-chiu tiong-pō͘ ê lāi-lio̍k kok-ka. Kah i chiap sio-óa ê kok-ka ū Pho-lân, Chesko, Ò-tē-lī, Hông-gâ-lī, Ukraina.\n\nMiâ-chheng\n----------\n\nSlovakia chit-ê miâ sī túi Slovak-gí ia̍h-sī Chia̍t-khek-gí ê iông-sèng miâ-sû **Slovák** im-e̍k--kòe-lâi--ê, i ê ì-sù sī \"cha-po͘ ê Slav-lâng\". Chi̍t-kóa Sai Au-chiu gí-giân, chhiūⁿ Eng-gí ê *Slovakia*, Hoat-gí ê *Slovaquie*, Tek-gí ê *Slowakei* lóng sī tī *Slovák* chit-ê su-kin āu-piah ka chi̍t ê ê sû-bóe, tāi-piáu \"mó͘-mi̍h-lâng ê thó͘-tē\".\n\nSī-kóng, tī Slovak-gí lāi-té, Slovakia ê kok-miâ sī tiong-sèng miâ-sû **Slovensko**, a cha-bó͘ ê Slav-lâng sī kiò-chò **Slovenka**, chia-ê sû só͘ ēng ê sû-kin **Sloven-** kî-si̍t sī pí Slovák koh-khah kó͘-chá ê hêng-sek. Ū chi̍t ê kok-miâ kah Slovakia chin sio-siâng ê Slovenia, tō sī ēng chit khoán kó͘-chá hêng-sek ê Slav sû-kin hō-miâ--ê.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Slovakia ê tē-lí\n### Tē-hêng\n\nKēng-lāi tē-sè khám-khia̍t, chéng-thé lâi kóng sī lâm kē pak koân. Sai-lâm-pō͘ ū khah tōa phiàn ê pêng-goân, sī Donau Hô ê chhiong-chek pêng-goân. Châⁿ tī tiong, pak pō͘ ê soaⁿ-me̍h sī Tatra Soaⁿ, sī koh sī Sai-pō͘ Karpat Soaⁿ-me̍h ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Slovakia siōng koân ê soaⁿ sī Gerlachovský Hong (*Gerlachovský štít*), hái-poa̍t 2655 m, m̄-koh Slovakia lâng it-poaⁿ jīn-ûi Kriváň Soaⁿ khah súi, in ê kok-cho̍k-chú-gī-chiá mā kā Kriváň Soaⁿ tòng-chò in kok-ka ê siōng-teng.\n\n### Chúi-bûn\n\n### Khì-hāu\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\n### Cho̍k-kûn\n\nSlovak-lâng sī Slovakia ê chú-thé cho̍k-kûn, in sī Sai Slav-lâng ê chi̍t ê hun-chi, kóng ê gí-giân sī Slovak-gí.\n\n### Gí-giân\n\nSlovak-gí kah Chesko-gí chiâⁿ chhin, in kāng-khoán sio̍k tī Sai Slav gí-cho̍k. Kî-si̍t Slovak-gí ê tiong-pō͘, sai-pō͘ hong-giân-kûn kah Chesko-gí mā ē-sái hō͘-siong lí-kái.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Slovakia ê le̍k-sú\nSlav cho̍k-kûn chha-put-to tī 5, 6 sè-kí ê sî-chūn sòa lâi kàu hián-sī ê Slovakia, chi̍t-khai-sí ū kiàn-li̍p ka-kī ê pō͘-lo̍k liân-bêng, chhiūⁿ Samo Tè-kok, Tāi Moravia Ông-kok téng-téng. Tān-sī chū 9 sè-kí khai-sí, Slovak lâng tō tn̂g-kî siū-tio̍h góa-cho̍k ê thóng-tī; thóng-tī-chiá pau-koat Hông-gâ-lī Ông-kok, Osman Tè-kok, Ò-Hông Tè-kok téng-téng.\n\n1918 nî, Ò-Hông Tè-kok tī It-chhù Tāi-chiàn tiong chiàn-pāi, jiân-āu kái-thé, Slovak-lâng kah Chesko lâng sûi soan-pò͘ to̍k-li̍p, kiàn-li̍p Cheskoslovakia Kiōng-hô-kok. Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn kî-kan, Tek-kok chhim-lio̍k Cheskoslovakia, koh kā i thiah-sòaⁿ, hō͘ Slovakia \"to̍k-li̍p\", kiàn-li̍p Slovakia Kiōng-hô-kok, tān-sī si̍t-chè-siōng i sī Tek-kok ê chiông-sio̍k kok-ka, sio̍k tī Chhia-sim-kok. \n\n1945 nî Chhia-sim-kok chiàn-pāi, Cheskoslovakia ho̍k-kok, So͘-liân sûi khan-siâⁿ Cheskoslovakia Kiōng-sán-tóng, hō͘ in tī 1948 nî ê chèng-piàn tiong la̍k-khoân. Chiū-án-ne, Cheskoslovakia chi̍t chiâⁿ-chò kiōng-sán kok-ka, ka-ji̍p So͘-liân chhōa-thâu ê Tang-hong Ke̍k-thoân. 1968 nî, Cheskoslovakia hoat tóng bîn-chú-hòa ūn-thong — Phû-la-ha chi Chhun, soah hō͘ So͘-liân tìn-ap--lo̍h-lâi. 1989 nî Tang Au-chiu bīn-chú-hòa kek-bēng, Cheskoslovakia khai-sí chìn-hêng bīn-chú choán-hêng, chèng-khoân tī chi̍t tang lāi kau hō͘ bîn-soán chèng-hú, kòe-têng tiong bô hoat-seng po̍k-le̍k sū-kiāⁿ, tō chhin-chhiūⁿ si-jiông án-ne, un-sûn koh sūn-sī, sú chheng \"Su-jiông Kek-bēng\". 1993 nî, Chesko kah Slovakia hô-pêng hun-lî, pun chò \"Chia̍t-khek Kiōng-hô-kok\" kah \"Slovakia Kiōng-hô-kok\" nn̄g ê chú-khoân kok-ka, liâm-mi ka-ji̍p Liân-ha̍p-kok. \n\n21 sè-kí ê Slovakia tn̂g-leh chek-ke̍k chham-ú Au-chiu Chéng-ha̍p — 2004 nî, Slovakia ka-ji̍p Pak-iok, Au-bêng, Sian-kun-khu; 2009 nî ka-ji̍p Euro khu.\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Slovakia ê chèng-tī\nSlovakia Kiōng-hô-kok ê chèng-tī thé-chè sī gī-īⁿ-lāi-koh-chè, ū tan-it kok-hōe \"Slovakia Kok-bîn Gī-hōe\", in ê kok-hōe soán-kí chè-tō͘ sī si̍t-hêng pí-lē-tāi-piáu-chè, chèng-thóng chè-tō͘ sī to-tóng-chè; hiān-sî chip-chèng--ê sī OĽaNO chèng-tóng liân-bêng. Slovakia chóng-thóng sī kok-ka goân-siú, sī iû jîn-bîn ti̍t-soán sán-seng--ê, tān-sī khoân-le̍k chin iú-hān. Slovakia chóng-lí sī chèng-hú siú-tiúⁿ, i léng-tō lāi-koh si-chèng, pēng-chhiáⁿ tùi kok-hōe hū-chek.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Slovakia ê keng-chè\nSlovakia kàu 20 sè-kí chiah khai-sí kang-gia̍p-hòa, tī So͘-liân kè-ōe-keng-chè ê chí-tō hā hoat-tián kǹg-thih-gia̍p, kun-kang-gia̍p. Kiàn-kok liáu-āu, chìn-hêng keng-chè chū-iû-hòa, chhī-tiûⁿ-hòa, khì-gia̍p bîn-êng-hòa, hòe-pè kái-kek. Sui-jiân khí-pō͘ ê ki-chhó͘ khah su lîn-kok Chia̍t-khek, tān-sī in thàu-kòe chhut-kháu, chióng-lē gōa-kok tâu-chu, hùn-tōa ho̍k-bū-gia̍p lâi thui-sak keng-chè sêng-tióng, taⁿ í-keng kàng-kē sit-gia̍p-lu̍t (6%), chèng-hú châi-chêng âng-jī (chiàm GDP ê 2%), kong-chè (chiàm GDP ê 58%), 30 nî í-lâi ê pêng-kin keng-chè-sêng-tióng-lu̍t sī 3.6%, 2023 nî ê jîn-kin GDP (kò͘-bé-le̍k pêng-kè) peh lâi kàu 41,515 Bí-kim (IMF chu-liāu), tī sè-kài kok-kok tiong pâi-miâ tē 43.\n\n### Bō͘-e̍k\n\nSlovakia ê bō͘-e̍k í Au-bêng lāi-pō͘ ûi chú (79%), thâu saⁿ miâ bō͘-e̍k-phōaⁿ sī Tek-kok (22%) , Chia̍t-khek (11%), Pho-lân (8%). In chhut-kháu ê sán-phín tong-tiong, khì-chhia kah siong-koan lêng-kiāⁿ chiàm 27%, ki-hāi kah tiān-chú sán-phín chiàm 20%; kî-tiong, Slovakia ê jîn-kin khì-chhia sán-liōng ê sè-kài tē-it koân, pêng-kin múi 5 ê lâng ta̍k-nî ē seng-sán 1 tâi khì-chhia.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Slovakia*** |\n\n* Slovakia - The World Factbook (Eng-gí)\n* Au-bêng sêng-goân-kok-ka ê chu-liāu — Slovakia (Eng-gí)\n* SSlovakia Chèng-hú (Slovak-gí, Eng-gí)\n\n \n\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nSlovakia hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n* Banská Bystrica\n* Bratislava\n* Košice\n* Nitra\n* Prešov\n* Trenčín\n* Trnava\n* Žilina\n\n | Flag of Slovakia |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nAu-chiu ê kok-ka kap i-lāi-tē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chú-khoân kok-ka | Albania · Andorra · Armenia1 · Ò-tē-lī · Azerbaijan1 · Pak Macedonia · Belarus · Pe̍k-ní-gī · Bosnia kap Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Ku-pí-lō͘1 · Chesko · Tan-be̍h · Estonia · Hun-lân · Hoat-kok · Gruzia1 · Tek-kok · Hi-lia̍p · Hông-gâ-lī · Peng-tó · Ài-ní-lân · Í-tāi-lī · Kazakhstan1 · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lietuva · Luxembourg · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Hô-lân · Ná-ui · Pho-lân · Phû-tô-gâ · Romania · Lō͘-se-a1 · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Se-pan-gâ · Sūi-tián · Sūi-se · Thó͘-ní-kî1 · Ukraina · Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok · Vaticano | |\n| |\n| Pō͘-hūn sêng-jīn ê kok-ka | Abkhazia1 · Artsakh1 · Kosovo · Pak Ku-pí-lō͘1 · Lâm Ossetia1 · Transnistria |\n| |\n| I-lāi-tē | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tan-be̍h | Faroe Kûn-tó (kò͘-sêng-kok) |\n| |\n| Hun-lân | Åland Kûn-tó (kò͘-sêng-kok) |\n| |\n| Ná-ui | Jan Mayen ·Svalbard (Hui-kiàn-chè i-lāi-tē) |\n| |\n| Eng-kok | Akrotiri kap Dhekelia1 · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Man ·Jersey |\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ chú-khoân si̍t-thé | Au-chiu Liân-bêng  · Malta Khî-sū-thoân |\n| |\n| 1 Pō͘-hūn tī A-chiu, it-poaⁿ jīn-ûi sī Au-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 138347464\n* LCCN: n50075233\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2364 4624\n* GND: 4055297-4\n* SUDOC: 027436837\n* HDS: 025464\n* NDL: 00571747\n* NKC: ge128580\n\n |\n\n |\n\n1. 1 2 \"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023\". *IMF.org*. International Monetary Fund. 26 July 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Slovakia","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2592,7760,0.334020618556701],"infobox":["\n
    Slovakia Kiōng-hô-kok
    Slovenská republika
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Slovakia
    \n
    kok-kî
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Slovakia
    \n
    kok-hui
    \n
    \n
    \nKok-koa: Nad Tatrou sa blýska
    « Ta̍t-tek-la soaⁿ-téng ū sih-nah »
    \n
    Siú-to͘
    kap siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī
    		\nBratislava
    Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân\nSlovak-gí
    Chèng-hú\ntan-it-chè, gī-hōe-chè, kiōng-hô-kok
    • chóng-thóng
    		\nZuzana Čaputová
    • chóng-lí
    		\nĽudovít Ódor
    Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘\nKok-bîn Gī-hoē
    Bīn-chek
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n49,035 km2 (18,933 sq mi) (tē 127 miâ)
    • chúi-he̍k (%)
    		\n0.72
    Jîn-kháu
    • 2022 nî phó͘-cha
    		\n\"Neutral5,460,185 (tē 117 miâ)
    • Bi̍t-tō͘
    		\n111/km2 (287.5/sq mi) (tē 88 miâ)
    GDP (PPP)\n2021 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Increase\"$190.277 cha̍p-ek (tē 70 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Increase\"$34,815 (tē 41 miâ)
    GDP (bêng-gī)\n2021 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Increase\"$127.533 cha̍p-ek (tē 59 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Increase\"$23,457 (tē 43 miâ)
    Gini (2019 nî)\n\"Negative 22.8
    kē
    HDI (2019 nî)\n\"Increase\" 0.860
    chin ko · tē 39 miâ
    Hoè-pè\nAu-goân (€) (EUR)
    Sî-khu\nUTC+1 (CET)
    • Hā-sî-kan (DST)
    		\nUTC+2 (CEST)
    Sî-kan keh-sek\nd. m. yyyy
    Khui-chhia hong-hiòng\niū
    Tiān-oē khu-hō\n+421
    ISO 3166 tāi-hō\nSK
    Siōng-téng domain\n.sk
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8510}} -{"text":"《Siau-tû tùi hū-lú it-chhè hêng-sek kî-sī kong-iok》phoe-chún chêng-hóng\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n|   Chhiam-sú kap phoe-chún\n  Phoe-chún (ka-ji̍p á-sī kè-sêng)\n  bī tit-tio̍h sêng-jīn, m̄-koh chun-siú kong-iok ê chèng-hú |   chhiam-sú m̄-koh bī phoe-chún\n  Bī chhiam-sú\n |\n\n《Siau-tû tùi hū-lú it-chhè hêng-sek kî-sī kong-iok》(Eng-gí: The **C**onvention on the **E**limination of all Forms of **D**iscrimination **A**gainst **W**omen, **CEDAW**) sī chi̍t-hāng iú-koan Hū-lú koân-lī ê kok-chè kong-iok, choân-bûn kiōng 30 tiâu. Liân-ha̍p-kok tī 1979 nî 12 goe̍h 18 ji̍t ê tāi-hōe chiàu tē 34/180 hō koat-gī, thong-kòe iú-koan gī-àn pēng-chhiáⁿ khai-hòng hō͘ kok-kok chhiam-jī, phoe-chún kap ka-ji̍p seng-hāu, chiàu tē 27 tiâu tī 1 hāng kui-tēng tī 1981 nî 9 goe̍h khai-sí seng-hāu. Kong-iok khak-li̍p kui-chek, pó-chiòng hū-lú tī chèng-tī, hoat-lu̍t, kang-chok, kàu-io̍k, i-liâu ho̍k-bū, siong-gia̍p oa̍h-tōng kap ka-têng koan-hē téng kok-hong-bīn ê koân-lī.\n\nChit-ê kong-iok tē 1 tiâu, sī tùi \"hū-lú ê kî-sī\" tēng 1 ê thong-iōng ê tēng-gī: \"Khiā-tī sèng-pia̍t lâi chòe--ê jīm-hô khu-piat, pâi-thek á-sī hān-chè, i ê éng-hióng ā-sī bo̍k-tek lóng kàu hóng-gāi á-sī hó͘-jīm hū-lú bô-lūn í-hun, bī-hun tī lâm-lú pêng-téng ê ki-chhó͘ téng-bīn jīn-bat, hiáng-iú á-sī tī chèng-tī, keng-chè, siā-hōe, bûn-hòa, kong-bîn ā-sī jīm-hô kî-thaⁿ hong-bīn ê jîn-koân kap ki-pún chū-iû.\"\n\nChit-ê kong-iok í-keng ū 188 ê sêng-oân-kok. Kong-iok ê sêng-oân-kok su-iàu sêng-lo̍k lí-hêng chi̍t hē-lia̍t ê chhò-si, kiat-sok it-chhè hêng-sek tùi hū-lú ê kî-sī, pau-koat:\n\n* Khak-pó tong-tē hoat-chè lâm-lú pêng-téng\n* Siat-li̍p ki-kò͘ ū-hāu pó-chiòng hū-lú bián siū kî-sī\n* Siau-tû kò-jîn, cho͘-chit, khì-gia̍p tùi hū-lú it-chhè hêng-sek kî-sī\n* Seng-io̍k-koân ê pó-chiòng\n\nSiau-tû tùi hū-lú kî-sī úi-oân-hōe\n----------------------------------\n\nLiân-ha̍p-kok tī tiâu-iok thong-kòe liáu-āu, sêng-li̍p siau-tû tùi hū-lú kî-sī úi-oân lâi kàm-chhat《Siau-tû tùi hū-lú it-chhè hêng-sek kî-sī kong-iok》ê lo̍h-si̍t, hū-chek tēng-kì sím-cha kok sêng-oân-kok chip-hêng kong-iok ê chìn-tián. Kun-kù kong-iok tē 18 tiâu, sêng-oân-kok ū chek-jīm tī kong-iok tùi kai kok seng-hāu liáu-āu chi̍t-tang lāi, í-kip tī í-āu chì-chió múi 4 nî chi̍t-pái, chiū kai kok chip-hêng kong-iok kok-hāng kui-tēng ǹg úi-oân-hōe thê-chhut pò-kò; chóng-sī úi-oân-hōe iā-ū koân tī sím-gī pò-kò liáu-āu thê-chhut kiàn-gī. Úi-oân-hōe tû-liáu chiap-siū kok sêng-oân-kok ê chèng-hú pò-kò í-gōa, mā chiap-siū kok hui-chèng-hú chō͘-chit só͘ thê-kiong ê chu-liāu.\n\nTâi-oân kap Kong-iok\n--------------------\n\n2007 nî 1 goe̍h 5 ji̍t, Tiong-hôa-bîn-kok (Tâi-oân) sui-bóng pēng-m̄-sī liân-ha̍p-kok sêng-oân-kok, Li̍p-hoat-īⁿtē 6 kài tē 4 hōe-kî tē 15 pái hōe-gī thong-kòe Hêng-chèng-īⁿ hâm-chhiáⁿ sím-gī ê \"Siau-tû tùi hū-lú it-chhè hêng-sek kî-sī kong-iok\". 2011 nî 5 goe̍h 20 ji̍t, Li̍p-hoat-ī tē 7 kài tē 7 hōe-kî tē 14 pái hōe-gī chè-tēng《Siau-tû tùi hū-lú it-chhè hêng-sek kî-sī kong-iok si-hêng-hoat》 kè-kiōng 9 tiâu, Kâng-nî 6 goe̍h 8 hō Chóng-thóng Hôa-chóng - gī jī tē 10000117471 hō lēng kong-pò͘, ùi Bîn-kok 101 nî (2012 nî) 1 goe̍h 1 ji̍t khai-sí si-hêng.\n\n2006 nî 7 goe̍h, Hêng-chèng-ī thong-kòe \"Thui-tōng Ngó͘-kok ka-ji̍p Liân-ha̍p-kok《Siau-tû tùi hū-lú it-chhè hêng-sek kî-sī kong-iok》\" it àn, 2007 nî 1 goe̍h tī Li̍p-hoat-īⁿ tit-tio̍h bô ī-gī thong-kòe, keng-kòe chóng-thóng chhiam-sú liáu-āu, Gōa-kau-pō͘ Liân-ha̍p-kok kang-chok-sió-chō͘ úi-thok Nauru chū Liân-ha̍p-kok tāi-piáu-thoân, tāi choán-kau phoe-chún phoe-sìn hō͘ Liân-ha̍p-kok pì-su-chhù, khiok-sī sī saⁿ-goe̍h hā-sûn, Liân-ha̍p-kok pì-su-tiú Phoaⁿ Ki-bûn oān-ín Liân-ha̍p-kok Tāi-hōe tē 2758 hō koat-gī, í Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok tī Liân-ha̍p-kok î-it ha̍p-hoat tāi-piáu, Tâi-oân sī Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn chò lí-iû pī thòe-hôe.\n\nChham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Tōa Kí-goân Sî-pò: Tâi-oân li̍p-hoat-īⁿ thong-kòe Siau-tû tùi hū-lú it-chhè hêng-sek khî-sī kong-iok Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n, 2007 nî 1 goe̍h 5 ji̍t\n2. ↑ Li̍p-hoat-īⁿ hoat-lu̍t hē-thóng\n3. ↑ Chóng-thóng-hú Kong-pò Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n tē 6978 hō","meta":{"title":"Siau-tû tùi hū-lú it-chhè hêng-sek khî-sī kong-iok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[620,3912,0.15848670756646216],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4621}} -{"text":"\ntóng-àn:Kharkov Freedom Square.jpgKharkiv Chū-iû Kóng-tiûⁿ\n**Kharkiv (**Ukraina-gí: Харків [ˈxɑrkiu̯]; Lō͘-se-a-gí: Харьков [ˈxarʲkəf]) sī ūi-tī Ukraina tē-jī tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī, ūi-tī tang-pak-pō͘, lī Lō͘-se-a kok-kài 30 kong-lí. Kharkiv mā sī thoân-thóng tē-lí-khu Sloboda Ukraine ê hú-siâⁿ, í-ki̍p Kharkiv Chiu kap Kharkiv Khu ê hêng-chèng tiong-sim. Jîn-kháu 140 bān lâng.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n1890 nî-tāi ê Kharkiv\n17 sè-kí tiong-sûn, Ukraina Cossack lâng tī chia kiàn-li̍p to͘-chhī. \n\n### Lō͘-se-a Tè-kok\n\n1708 nî Pёtr 1-sè si̍t-si hêng-chèng kái-kek, Kharikiv tē-khu la̍p-ji̍p Kyiv Séng. Kharkiv is specifically mentioned as one of the towns making a part of the governorate. In 1727, Belgorod Governorate was split off, and Kharkiv moved to Belgorod Governorate. It was the center of a separate administrative unit, Kharkiv Sloboda Cossack regiment. The regiment at some point was detached from Belgorod Governorate, then attached to it again, until in 1765, Sloboda Ukraine Governorate was established with the seat in Kharkiv.\n\nKharkiv Tāi-ha̍k 1805 nî tī Governorate-General chhòng-hāu.\n\n### So͘-liân sî-tāi\n\nSo͘-liân sî-tāi chho͘-kî, Bolshevik kā Kharkiv tòng-chò Ukraina Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok ê siú-to͘ (1917-1934), beh tùi-khòng ūi-tī Kiev ê Ukraina Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok.\n\n1930 nî\n\n1940 nî 4 goe̍h káu 5 goe̍h, 3,800 ê Starobilsk chi̍p-tiong-iâⁿ ê Pho-lân siû-hoān tī Kharkiv pì-bi̍t kéng-chhat tōa-lâu lāi-té hŏng chhú-koat, jiân-āu hŏng tâi tī Pyatykhatky chhiū-nâ llāi, chē sī Katyn thô͘-sat ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Hit ê só͘-chāi koh ū tâi chiok chē 1937 káu 1938 nî Tāi-siok-chheng tiong ê Ukraina siū-hāi-chiá ê si-thé.\n\n### Nazi Tek-kok Chiàm-niá\n\nTē-jī chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn ê sî, Nazi Tek-kok ji̍p-chhim So͘-liân ê Ukraina, Tek-kun kiau So͘-kun tī Kharkiv sio-chiàn 4 pái, thóng-chheng Kharkiv Chiàn-e̍k. 1941 nî káu 1945 nî chi-kan, Kharkiv kúi-nā pái hō͘ Tek-kok chiàm-niá. \n\n1941 nî káu 1942 nî, 15,000 ê Iû-thài-lâng hō͘ Tek-kok-lâng thâi-sí, bâi-chòng tī Drobytsky Yar ê chhim-kok .\n\n2022 nî 2 goe̍h 24, Lō͘-se-a kun-tūi ji̍p-chhim Ukraina, Kharkiv pō͘-hūn tē-khu siū-tio̍h hui-tôaⁿ kong-kek.\n\nTē-lí kap Khì-hāu\n-----------------\n\nKhairkiv tī Ukraina ê tang-pak-pō͘, Kharkiv Hô, Lopan Hô, Udy Hô saⁿ tiâu khe ê kàu-hōe-chhù. Khairkiv sio̍k-tī tâm-lūn tāi-lio̍k-sèng khì-hāu, kôaⁿ-thiⁿ chheⁿ-léng, ē lo̍h-seh, joa̍h-thiⁿ iām-joa̍h. 1 goe̍h pêⁿ-kun un-tō͘ Liap-sī -4.6 tō͘, 7 goe̍h pêⁿ-kun un-tō͘ Liap-sī 20.3 tō͘. Nî-kun hō͘-liōng 513 mm, hō͘-kùi chú-iàu sī 6 goe̍h, 7 goe̍h.\n\n| Khì-hāu chu-liāu: Kharkiv (pêng-kun sò͘-kì 1981−2010 nî, ke̍k-toan sò͘-kì 1936 nî kàu-taⁿ) |\n| --- |\n| Goe̍h-hūn | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Nî pêng-kin |\n| Kì-lio̍k ko-un °C (°F) | 11.1 | 14.6 | 21.8 | 30.5 | 34.5 | 39.8 | 38.4 | 39.8 | 34.5 | 29.3 | 20.3 | 13.4 | 39.8 |\n| Pêng-kin ko-un °C (°F) | -2.2 | -1.6 | 4.3 | 14.0 | 20.8 | 24.3 | 26.4 | 25.7 | 19.4 | 12.0 | 3.6 | -1.1 | 12.1 |\n| Ji̍t pêng-kin °C (°F) | -4.6 | -4.5 | 0.7 | 9.2 | 15.5 | 19.2 | 21.3 | 20.3 | 14.4 | 7.9 | 0.9 | -3.5 | 8.1 |\n| Pêng-kin kē-un °C (°F) | -7.0 | -7.3 | -2.4 | 4.6 | 10.3 | 14.2 | 16.2 | 14.9 | 9.8 | 4.3 | -1.5 | -5.9 | 4.2 |\n| Kì-lio̍k kē-un °C (°F) | -35.6 | -29.8 | -32.2 | -11.4 | -1.9 | 2.2 | 5.7 | 2.2 | -2.9 | -9.1 | -20.9 | -30.8 | −35.6 |\n| Kàng-chúi mm (in) | 36.4 | 33.3 | 32.7 | 33.8 | 50.2 | 61.2 | 60.1 | 41.8 | 46.5 | 44.5 | 42.9 | 35.9 | 519.3\nPang-bô͘:Infobox weather/oneline |\n| Pêng-kin lo̍h-hō͘ ji̍t-sò͘ | 10 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 143 |\n| Pêng-kin lo̍h-seh ji̍t-sò͘ | 19 | 18 | 12 | 2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 2 | 9 | 18 | 80 |\n| Ji̍t-chiò sî-sò͘ | 41.5 | 63.3 | 123.5 | 166.7 | 252.9 | 266.6 | 278.0 | 262.4 | 176.6 | 112.8 | 51.0 | 31.4 | 1,826.7 |\n| *Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net* |\n| *Source #2: Sè-kài Khì-siōng Cho͘-chit* |\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\nKharkiv sī Ukraina kok-lāi chú-iàu ê bûn-hòa siâⁿ-chhī chi-it. Tī chia ū 20 ê phok-bu̍t-koán, chhiau-kòe 10 ê hì-īⁿ, koh mā ū chin-chē bí-su̍t-koán. Sî-siông lóng ū tōa-hêng ê im-ga̍k kap tiān-iáⁿ siong-koan ê oa̍h-tāng tū chia kú-hêng.\n\nKau-thong\n---------\n\nKharkiv sī Ukraina siōng tōa ê chóng-lō͘-thâu chi it, hâng-khong, thih-lō͘, kong-lō͘ kau-thong.\n\n### Chāi-tē kau-thong\n\nKharkiv chia̍t-ūn chū 1975 nî khai-sí, bo̍k-chêng ū 3 tiâu lō͘-sòaⁿ, 30 ê chhia-chām. Kharkiv chhī-lāi mā ū kong-chhia, trolleybus, tram, kap marshrutka.\n\n### Thih-lō͘\n\nKharkiv ê tē-it tiâu thih-ki-lō͘ 1869 nî thong-chhia, túi Kursk khí-thâu, sái káu Azov. 1901 nî Kharkiv Chhia-thâu, tān-sī tī Jī-chiàn tiong hŏng phah-pháiⁿ. Bo̍k-chêng khòaⁿ-tio̍h ê chām-thé khí tī 1952 nî. Kharkiv.\n\n### Hâng-khong\n\nKharkiv Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ sī Kharkiv siōng tōa ê ki-tiûⁿ, i ê tēng-kî kok-chè hâng-sòaⁿ ū kàu Berlin, Wien, Warszawa, Bratislava, Baku, Istanbul téng-téng só͘-chāi, mā ū kùi-chiat-sèng hâng-pan kap pau-ki. Chá-chêng Kharkiv ū hâng-khong kong-si Aeromist-Kharkiv, tān-sī i tī 2007 nî tò-khí. Kharkiv Pak Ki-tiûⁿ ū Antonov kong-si ê poe-lêng-ki kang-tiûⁿ.\n\nChí-mōe siâⁿ-chhī\n-----------------\n\nKharkiv kap í-hā siâⁿ-chhī chí-mōe siâⁿ-chhī：\n\n* Belgorod, Lō͘-se-a (2001)\n* Bologna, Italia (1966)\n* Brno, Chesko (2005)\n* Cetinje, Montenegro (2011)\n* Cincinnati, Ohio, Bí-kok (1989)\n* Daejeon Kóng-he̍k-chhī, Tāi-hân Bîn-kok (2013)\n* Daugavpils, Latvia (2006)\n* Gaziantep, Thó͘-ní-kî (2011)\n* Geroskipou, Ku-pí-lō͘ (2018)\n* Chè-lâm-chhī, Tiong-kok (2004)\n* Kaunas, Lietuva (2001)\n* Kutaisi, Gruzia (2005)\n* Lille, Hoat-kok (1978)\n* Maribor, Slovenia (2012)\n* Moscow, Lô͘-se-a (2001)\n* Nizhny Novgorod, Lō͘-se-a (2001)\n* Novosibirsk, Lō͘-se-a (2011)\n* Nuremberg, Tek-kok (1990)\n* Polis, Ku-pí-lō͘ (2018)\n* Poznań, Pho-lân (1998)\n* Rishon LeZion, Í-sek-lia̍t (2008)\n* Saint Petersburg, Lō͘-se-a (2003)\n* Tbilisi, Gruzia (2012)\n* Tianjin, Tiong-kok (1993)\n* Tirana, Albania (2017)\n* Trnava, Slovakia (2013)\n* Varna, Bulgaria (1995)\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ \"History\" (Ukraina-gí). Kharkiv Chiu Chèng-hú. 2021/3/1 cha-sûn .\n2. ↑ Colin Burgess and Rex Hall (2009). The First Soviet Cosmonaut Team: Their Lives and Legacies. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 36\n3. ↑ \"‘Horrendous’ rocket attack kills civilians in Kharkiv as Moscow ‘adapts its tactics’\" (Eng-gí) *The Guadrian*. 1 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.\n4. ↑ \"Weather and Climate - The Climate of Kharkiv\" (ēng Lō͘-se-a-gí). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2015-07-13. 13 December 2019 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010\". World Meteorological Organization. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2021-07-17. 18 July 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Kharkiv","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2700,6210,0.43478260869565216],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Kharkiv
    Харків (Ukraina-gí)
    Харьков (Lō͘-se-a-gí)
    \n

    \n
    \n\n\n\n
    \"Kharkiv
    Kî-á    		 \"Kharkiv
    Hui-kì
    \n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 50°0′16″N 36°13′53″E / 50.00444°N 36.23139°E / 50.00444; 36.23139
    Kok-ka\n \"\" Ukraina\n
    Chiu\n Kharkiv Chiu\n
    Khu\n\t\tKharkiv Khu\n\t
    Kián-siâⁿ sî-kan1654 nî
    Chèng-hú
     - Chhī-tiúⁿ\n\t\tHennadiy Kernes
    Bīn-chek
     - Chhī-khu\n\t\t350 km2
    Koân-tō͘ \n152 m
    Jîn-kháu (2021年)
     - Chhī-khu1,433,886 lâng
     - Bi̍t-tō͘\n4,500/km2
     - To͘-chhī-khian2,032,400
    Sî-khuEET (UTC+2)\n\t
     - Jo̍at--lângEEST (UTC+3)
    Iû-piān hō-bé61001—61499\n\t
    Chhia-pâi hō-béAX, KX, ХА (kū ·ê), 21 (kū ·ê)
    Bāng-chām
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7123}} -{"text":"RSS sī 1 chióng kin-kù XML gí-hoat khai-hoatRSS sī 1 chióng kin-kù XML gí-hoat khai-hoat\n**RSS** sī 1 chióng kin-kù XML gí-hoat khai-hoat chhut-lâi ê tiān-náu ko·-thong phiau-chún. Chit ê Eng-bûn sok-siá ū ē-kha chit-kóa-á ì-sù:\n\n* **Rich Site Summary** (RSS 0.9x, RSS 2.0)\n* **RDF Site Summary** (RSS 0.9, 1.0)\n* **Really Simple Syndication**\n\nBāng-chām kap bāng-chì àn-chiàu RSS ê phiau-chún kā in ê lōe-iông pau chò sek-ha̍p tiān-náu nńg-thé kái-tha̍k ê chu-liāu keh-sek. Pau hó ê tóng-àn thàu-kòe it-poaⁿ ê bāng-lō· koán-tō siu-sàng. Ē-sái kóng RSS thê-kiong bāng-chām 1 ê bāng-lō· liân-pò· (*web syndication*) ê pān-hoat, ē-tit chiōng in ê lōe-iông \"sak\" chhut-khì hō· pa̍t ê tan-ūi \"siau-hòa\", sú-iōng, chài-seng-sán.\n\nRSS kan-na iōng lâi pau bāng-chām chhiâng-chāi keng-sin ê hit-koá-á lōe-iông, khó-pí kóng sin-bûn chu-sìn. Che ē-sái pau-koah siau-sit ê lia̍t-toaⁿ, múi 1 tiâu sin-bûn ê ji̍t-kî, khài-iàu, chok-chiá, sin-bûn-tiâu ê bāng-chām chū-chí. Ū chhù-bī ê tho̍k-chiá iōng choan-mn̂g ê nńg-thé lia̍h RSS tóng-àn tńg--lâi, jiân-āu àn-chiàu tho̍k-chiá kah-ì ê hong-sek siau-hòa, hián-sī. RSS tóng-àn a̍h-sī kóng thoân chu-sìn ê koán-tō hō·-chò \"chhī-liāu\" (*feed*). Chit khoán nńg-thé pau-koah *RSS aggregator* (mā hō·-chò *feed reader*) chit khoán èng-iōng nńg-thé. In it-poaⁿ ū-hoat-tō· chò-chi̍t-pái siau-hòa chin chē bô kāng goân-thâu ê RSS tóng-àn, kā kî-tiong siāng sin he̍k-chiá iá-bē tha̍k--kòe ê siau-sit chéng-lí chhut-lâi hō· iōng-chiá tha̍k. Che pí iōng-chiá ka-kī ta̍k-kang sûi-ê-á kiám-cha 10-gōa-ê, chiâⁿ-pah-ê bāng-chām ke khah ū hāu-lu̍t, in-ūi tho̍k-chiá kan-na khoàⁿ-ē-tio̍h m̄-bat tha̍k--kòe ê pō·-hūn. Koh in-ūi RSS pau ê chu-liāu ū it-tēng ê keh-sek, beh chìn-chi̍t-pō· ka-kang, têng chhut-pán--chi̍t-piàn bô khùn-lân. Khó-pí kóng, ē-tàng iōng nńg-thé kā kúi-nā-ê kāng gī-tê ê RSS lâi-goân khioh chò 1 ê RSS tóng-àn hō· lâng khì lia̍h.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nNetscape tī 1999 nî khai-sí tiàm in ê bāng-chām thê-kiong koán-tō (hō·-chò *channel*, pîn-tō) hō· lâng siu-chi̍p in ka-kī ê lōe-iông (2001 nî kiat-sok). Che pang-chān hia ê lōe-iông seng-sán-chiá khí-chō in ê tho̍k-chiá-kûn. Chu-liāu keh-sek hō·-chò RSS 0.9, *RSS* sī *RDF Site Summary* ê sok-siá. 0.9 kin-kù RDF siat-kè. Tú khai-sí sī iōng lâi biô-siá hòng-sàng-tâi ê lōe-iông, āu--lâi ná lâi ná sî-kiâⁿ iōng lâi chò liân-pò· ê lō·-iōng.\n\n0.91 khip-siu Userland scriptingNews ê 1-kóa-á te̍k-sek, khai-sí iau-kiû XML ài ha̍h Netscape siat-kè ê DTD, siâng-sî hòng-khì RDF. 0.91 mā kā *RSS* kiò chò *Rich Site Summary*.\n\nTī 2000 nî RSS 0.9x kap RSS 1.0 ê khai-hoat hun-chhe (*fork*). RSS 1.0 khai-sí kiâⁿ *modularization* ê lō·-soàⁿ, tòe W3C ê RDF Specification, iōng XML namespace a̍h-sī RDF chò khok-chhiong (extension). RSS 1.0 kiông-tiāu hām 0.9 sio-thong.\n\nRSS 0.9x kian-chhî bô iōng XML namespace kap RDF, kám-kak ke ho̍k-cha̍p. Khai-hoat-chiá kiò RSS hō·-chò *Really Simple Syndication*, kiông-tiāu RSS èng-kai chīn-liōng tan-sûn. RSS 0.9x āu--lâi hoat-tián chò RSS 2.x.\n\nSiong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* Atom - lēng-gōa 1 khoán XML-sek ê phiau-chún.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* RSS 0.90\n* Dan Libby ê RSS 0.91 Spec, revision 3, Dave Winer ê 0.91\n* RDF Site Summary (RSS) 1.0\n* RSS 2.0 specification","meta":{"title":"RSS","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[218,2971,0.07337596768764726],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3606}} -{"text":"Kam Ûi-lîm (19 sè-kí).\n**William Campbell** (1874 nî 4 goe̍h – 1921 nî 9 goe̍h 9 ji̍t), Ho̍h-ló miâ **Kam Ûi-lîm** (Hàn-jī: 甘為霖), sī chi̍t ūi tī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok Scotland Glasgow chhut-sì ê Tióng-ló Kàu-hōe ê bo̍k-su kiam thoân-kàu-sū. 19 sè-kí bóe-kî, Kam Ûi-lîm lâi káu Tâi-oân lâm-pō͘ thoân-kàu. 1891 nî 10 goe̍h, Kam Ûi-lîm tī Tâi-lâm chhòng-li̍p choân Tâi-oân tē-it keng chheⁿ-mê ha̍k-hāu Hùn-kó͘-tn̂g (訓瞽堂); chiâⁿ-chòe Tâi-oân chheⁿ-mê ha̍k-hāu ê sian-hêng-chiá. Kam Ûi-lîm tī Tâi-oân ê sî-kan sī 1871 nî káu 1917 nî, chêng-āu lóng-chóng 46 tang.\n\nChá-nî\n------\n\n1874 nî 4 goe̍h, Willian Campbell tī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok Scotland ê Glasgow chhut-sì. Tī Glasgow Tāi-ha̍k ê kiû-ha̍k kî-kan, Campbell khai-sí tùi sîn-ha̍k sán-seng hèng-chhù; in-chhú, tī pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, i chiū chiân-óng Scotland Chū-iû Kàu-hōe sîn-ha̍k-īⁿ ê Glasgow hun-hāu siu-si̍p 4 nî ê sîn-ha̍k khò-thêng. 1871 nî 7 goe̍h 19 hō, Campbell tī Thain Davidson bo̍k-su chhōa-thâu ê Islington Kàu-hōe lāi-bīn, chiâⁿ-chòe tē-it ūi hái-gōa soan-kàu-sū.\n\nThoân-kàu ê seng-gâi\n--------------------\n\n### 1871 káu 1878 nî\n\n### 1880 káu 1887 nî\n\n### 1887 káu 1895 nî\n\n### 1895 káu 1917 nî\n\nTù-chok\n-------\n\n* *An Account of Missionary Success in the Island of Formosa* (ISBN 9576382998)\n* *Ē-mn̂g-im Sin Jī-tián* (ISBN 9578959923)\n\t+ *Kam Ûi-lîm Tâi-gú Jī-tián* (ISBN 9789868456877)\n* *Formosa under the Dutch* (ISBN 9576380839) (ISBN 9578013922)\n* *Sketches from Formosa* (ISBN 9576383773) (ISBN 9578014910)\n* *Tī-lí Kàu-hōe*\n\nSiang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* Kam-jī-tián\n* Chheⁿ-mê-o̍h\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ 甘為霖: 素描福爾摩沙-甘為霖台灣筆記 (前衛出版,2009). (Hàn-gí)\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Holopedia | *Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ pún-té khan tī holopedia.net.* |\n\n \n\n\n| **Thoân-kàu-sū** |\n| --- |\n| Alexandre de Rhodes - Robert Morrison - David Abeel - Hudson Taylor \nDorothy Stang - James Laidlaw Maxwell - George Gushue-Taylor - George Leslie Mackay -\nJohn Van Nest Talmage - William Burns - Kam-ûi-lîm (Fil) - Thomas Barclay -\nMatteo Ricci Walter Henry Medhurst - Francis Xavier - |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 56240192\n* LCCN: no99003032\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 8238 8635\n* GND: 174063512\n* SUDOC: 200538373\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kam Ûi-lîm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[766,1866,0.4105037513397642],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2464}} -{"text":"\n**Suh-ka-lò͘**(Pâi-oan-gí：Seqalu), koh chheng-chò **Suh-ka-lò͘ Siû-pang** ah-sī **Suh-ka-lò͘ Ông-kok**, tī Chheng-kok bûn-su tiong chheng-chò **Lông-kiau-hā Cha̍p-peh Hoan-siā**, sī chi̍t-ê bat chûn-chāi tī Tâi-oân pún-tó Pîn-tong Lông-kiau tē-khu(Hêng-chhun it-tài) ê siû-pang. Hit-ê siû-pang iû ǹg lâm chhian-sóa ê Katratripulr(koh-chò Ti-pún-siā) Puyuma-cho̍k(koh-chò Pi-lâm-cho̍k) só͘ hêng-sêng ê Kùi-cho̍k kûn-thé kap chiàm Lông-kiau jîn-kháu to-sò͘ ê Paiwan-cho̍k kiàn-li̍p. I ê thóng-tī léng-he̍k tāi-khài sio̍k-tī chit-má ê Tâi-tang-koān Thài-mâ-lí, Kim-lun, Tāi-o͘ kap Pîn-tong-koān Boán-chiu it-tài. Cha̍p-chhit sè-kí, Hô-lân hong-bīn chheng in-ê thóng-tī-chiá chò \"Lông-kiau Kun-chú\".\n\nThoân-soat\n----------\n\nGoân-té Suh-ka-lò͘ ùi Ti-pún sóa-kàu lâm-pêng ê sî-chūn tō ū nn̄g chi chí-tē-á ka-cho̍k, a-chí ê hō͘-tāi Garuljugulj ka-cho̍k thóng-tī Ti-lâ-sok Siā(Terosaq), sī tōa-kó͘ thâu-ba̍k. Kháu-thoân le̍k-sú tiong ê sió-tī Mavalie ka-cho̍k thóng-tī Siā-mâ-lí Siā(Suwari), pō͘-cho̍k tiong tē-ūi kan-ta pí a-chí ê ka-cho̍k khah kē niā-niā, sī jī-kó͘ thâu-ba̍k. Thóng-tī Niau-á Siā(Savaruk) ê sī saⁿ-kó͘ thâu-ba̍k. Kháu-thoân le̍k-sú tiong Mavalie ka-cho̍k bat khì-tô͘ chhiúⁿ-toa̍t liân-bêng thóng-tī-koân, kap Garuljugulj ka-cho̍k chōe-pái hoat-seng chiàn-cheng, lo̍h-bóe lóng sit-pāi. Soah-bé sī Garuljugulj choân-koân chiáng-ak Suh-ka-lò͘ Ông-kok.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Sêng-li̍p\n\nTāi-iok-á tī 300 gōa nî chêng, chi̍t-tīn Puyuma-cho̍k Ti-pún-siā cho̍k-jîn lâm-sóa chìn-ji̍p Lông-kiau, koh kap tong-tē ê Paiwan cho̍k bú-chong chhiong-tu̍t. In-ūi ióng-iú kiông-tōa ê cho͘-chit koh gâu sú-iōng chiù-gú, tong-tē ê Paiwan cho̍k kap pa̍t-cho̍k khún-bîn lóng hun-hun sūn-ho̍k, pēng iōng \"Suh-ka-lò͘\" hō chit-ki gōa-cho̍k, Suh-ka-lò͘ chit-ê sû khó-lêng ì-sù sī chí \"Chē-kiō ê lâng\", ah-sī chí lâi-chū \"Ka-lò͘\"(Qaro) tē-khu ê lâng, tō-sī Ti-pún-siā(Katratripulr). Chit-ki Pi-lâm-cho̍k chheng-pà Hêng-chhun poàn-tó liáu-āu, ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á chiâⁿ-chò ióng-iú goân-sú thó͘-tē-koân ê thóng-tī kai-chân, hêng-sêng Pi-lâm-cho̍k chò thâu-ba̍k thóng-tī Paiwan-cho̍k pêng-bîn ê Kùi-cho̍k siā-hōe. Chit-ki Puyuma-cho̍k āu-lâi kap tong-tē jîn-kháu to-sò͘ ê Paiwan cho̍k lâng thong-hun, ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á iông-ji̍p koh Paiwan-hòa.\n\n### Tōa Hâng-hái Sî-tāi\n\nHô-lân sî-kî, Hô-lân-lâng chheng in ê thóng-tī-chiá chò **\"Lông-kiau Kun-chú\"**, pēng jīn-ûi kun-chú ê tē-ūi kap Ông sio-kāng, ē-tàng chí-phài kok siā ê thóng-tī-chiá, iā ē-tàng sûi-ì chhú-tì chú-bîn ê siⁿ-sí tāi-koân. Nā-sī kun-chú kòe-sin, léng-tō-koân tō iû tōa-kiáⁿ kè-sêng, kâng-khoán siū-tio̍h chun-tiōng.\n\n1642 nî Hô-lân phài-peng cheng-thó, Suh-ka-lò͘ siū-pek sūn-ho̍k, siang-hong kok ū sèng-hū.\n\nTng Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ pau-ûi-chiàn ê sî, Bêng Tēⁿ ê pō͘-tūi lâm-hā chìn-kun, Suh-ka-lò͘ tōng-oân Ka-tîn Siā(Cattia, ūi-tī taⁿ Pîn-tong-koān Lâm-chiu-hiong) í-lâm ê jîn-kûn, tāng-chhòng Tēⁿ kun chó͘-tòng in ê sè-le̍k lâm-hā, chit-tiûⁿ kap Lông-kiau chu siā hoat-seng chiàn-tàu, hō͘ Tēⁿ kun tīn-bông 700 gōa lâng.\n\nSe-goân 1867 nî, Bí-kok chûn-lān-chiá ngō͘ chông-ji̍p-khì Suh-ka-lò͘ léng-thó͘, siū-lia̍h chhú-koat, tō-sī Lô-hoat-hō Sū-kiāⁿ. Āu--lâi, Bí-kok Hái-kun oán-cheng Formosa, kap Paiwan cho̍k khai-sí sio-chiàn, m̄-kù Bí-kok chiàn-pāi tô-cháu oán-cheng sit-pāi. Āu-lâi sī Bí-kok Chū Ē-mn̂g Léng-sū Lí Sian-tek(Charles W. Le Gendre) chhin-chū kap tōa-thâu-ba̍k Tokitok kau-sia̍p, siang-hong chòe-āu ta̍t-sêng hia̍p-gī. Tī 1874 nî po̍k-hoat Bó͘-tan-siā Sū-kiāⁿ, kan-ta ū pak-hong saⁿ siā tùi-khòng Ji̍t-kun, Tong-sî ê tōa-thâu-ba̍k Phoan Bûn-kia̍t(Jagarushi Guri Bunkiet)hia̍p-chō͘ Ji̍t-kun an-tah hoan-siā, Bó͘-tan-siā Sū-kiāⁿ liáu-āu 1875 nî Chheng-kok chèng-hú tī Hêng-chhun poàn-tó kiàn-li̍p Hêng-chhun-koān, Suh-ka-lò͘ koh pang-chān Chheng-kok chèng-hú kiàn-chō Hêng-chhun-koān siâⁿ, siang-hong gōa-kau koan-hē ún-kò͘.\n\n### Kīn-tāi\n\nJi̍t-pún sî-tāi chho͘-kî Suh-ka-lò͘ Hàn-hòa í-keng siong-tong giâm-tiōng, te̍k-pia̍t sī tōa-thâu-ba̍k kap só͘ koán-hat ê lîn-kīn pō͘-lo̍h. Ji̍t-pún koaⁿ-oân koan-chhat tio̍h tong-sî Ciljasuaq-siā, Manutsuru-siā téng-téng hū-kīn pō͘-lo̍h sin chhēng Hàn-jîn ho̍k-chong, kóng chin liàn-tńg ê Tâi-gí kap Paiwan-gí, keng-choh hong-sek iā kap Hàn-jîn bô chha-pia̍t.。\n\n1904 nî Ji̍t-pún chèng-hú ūi-tio̍h beh si̍t-si tē-sòe kái-chèng, thiat-té si̍t-si tōa-cho͘-koân siau-bia̍t(bé-siu) chèng-chhek, m̄-nā kái-pian kok siā só͘ pah-nî lâi í siu-cho͘ ûi-chú ê keng-chè seng-oa̍h, iā liân-tài chhui-húi lāi-pō͘ ê siā-bū ūn-chok kap siā-hōe cho͘-chit. Chòe-āu tī Ji̍t-pún chèng-hú \"hoan, bîn bô tōa-sè-ba̍k\" ê bû-chha-pia̍t chèng-chhek chi-hā, chèng-sek pian-ji̍p koe-chng Jī-kip-chè ê hêng-chèng khong-kan kap koán-hat hē-thóng, choân Tâi-oân kok siā se̍k-hoan iā ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á kap Hàn-bîn siā-hōe sio thàu-lām tì-kàu oh hun-pia̍t. Ji̍t-pún chèng-hú thê-chhut \"Bîn, hoan tông-hiáng gia̍p-chú-koân\", tùi Cha̍p-peh Hoan-siā jîn-bîn lâi-kóng, múi chi̍t-tè thó͘-tē sú-iōng-chiá bô-koh hiòng thâu-ba̍k kiáu-la̍p sòe-kim, kái-chò hiòng koaⁿ-thiaⁿ la̍p-sòe, hó͘-tēng thâu-ba̍k ê thóng-tī-koân kap thó͘-tē-koân, tì-kàu Suh-ka-lò͘ Siû-pang chóng-thâu-ba̍k, Siā-mâ-lí Jī-thâu-lâng téng koân-sè kín-khoài siau-thè, tō bē-koh ē-thang hō-lēng kok siā.\n\nKhu-he̍k\n--------\n\nChio̍h-mn̂g Chiàn-cheng liáu-āu, Ji̍t-kun chí-hui-koaⁿ 西郷 従道(さいごう じゅうどう) kap Seqalu ê léng-siù Cuqicuq, It-sek bīn-hōe. Tô͘ tiong chē-teh--ê sī 西郷, chiàⁿ-pêng chē-teh--ê sī It-sek, tò-pêng chē-teh--ê sī Cuqicuq.\nSuh-ka-lò͘ thang hun-chò sì tōa chú-siā, hun-pia̍t sī：Ti-lâ-sok Siā(Terosaq), Siā-mâ-lí Siā, Niau-á Siā kap Liông-loân Siā. In hun-pia̍t thóng-sòe kî-thaⁿ ê Paiwan-cho̍k, Amis-cho̍k, Hàn-jîn chū-lo̍h kap pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k pō͘-lo̍h. Paiwan-cho̍k sī Suh-ka-lò͘ lâi chìn-chêng ê goân-ki-bîn, Amis-cho̍k, Hàn-jîn kap Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k î-ji̍p ê sî-kan khah òaⁿ, sī ǹg Suh-ka-lò͘ lâng cho͘-tē khiā-khí--ê.\n\n### Ti-lô-sok Siā(Ciljasuaq)\n\nÍ Ti-lô-sok Siā(taⁿ Boán-chiu-hiong Lí-tek-chhun) ûi chú-siā ê thóng-sòe-chiá sī ***Kha-lu-lí-kok(Garuljigulj)*** ke-hē, sī Chheng léng Tâi-oân kap Ji̍t-pún sî-kî só͘ chheng ê **Tōa-kó͘ Thâu-ba̍k(Tōa Thâu-ba̍k).** Tōa-kó͘ thâu-ba̍k thóng-sòe Paiwan-cho̍k ê Ka-chi-lâi Siā, Bó͘-tan Siā, Tiong Siā, Lú-leng Siā, Ko-sū-pu̍t Siā, í-ki̍p pō͘-hūn ê Báng-sek-soaⁿ-téng Siā, Ku-á-kak Siā；Í-gōa, Pangcah-cho̍k ê Káng-kháu Siā kap Hàn-cho̍k ê Pó-le̍k, Hiòng-lîm, Thóng-pō͘, Báng-sut, Chhâ-siâⁿ, kiú-pêⁿ, Sì-tiông-khe, Káng-á, Tagogon téng kok chng iā siū i chi-phòe.\n\n### Siā-mâ-lí Siā(Shyamari)\n\nÍ Siā-mâ-lí Siā(taⁿ Boán-chiu-hiong Éng-chēng-chhoan) ûi chú-siā ê thóng-sòe-chiá sī ***Mavaliw*** ka-hē, tō-sī **Jī-kó͘ Thâu-ba̍k. Thóng-sòe** Pasumaq Siā, Singlu Siā, Bó͘-tan-lō͘ Siā, Chháu-pō͘-āu Siā, í-ki̍p pō͘-hūn Draki, Peh-iâu Siā, Khoài-á Siā. Lēng-gōa ū Pangcah-cho̍k Ló-pu̍t Siā kap chió-sò͘ Hàn-jîn chū-lo̍h iā tī in thóng-hat chi-hā.\n\n### Niau-á Siā(Savaruk)\n\nÍ Niau-á Siā(taⁿ Hêng-chhun-tìn Jîn-siū-lí) ûi chú-siā ê thóng-sòe-chiá sī ***Cjligul*** ka-hē, tō-sī **Saⁿ-kó͘ Thâu-ba̍k.** In thóng-sòe pō͘-hūn ê Peh-iâu Siā, Draki kap Tek Siā. Saⁿ-kó͘ Thâu-ba̍k bô koán-hat Pangcah-cho̍k pō͘-lo̍h, Hàn-jîn chng-siā put-bêng.\n\n### Liông-loân Siā(Shurindan)\n\nÍ Liông-loân Siā(taⁿ Liông-loân-khe chúi-goân-thâu) ûi chú-siā ê thóng-sòe-chiá sī ***Ruvaniyaw*** ka-hē, tō-sī **Sì-kó͘ Thâu-ba̍k**. In só͘ koán-hat pō͘-lo̍h, kan-ta hān-chè tō pún-siā kap hū-kīn ê Hàn-jîn chng-siā niā-niā.\n\nChham-khó Chu-liāu\n------------------\n\nGōa-pō͘ Liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Tâi-oân Goân-chū-bîn Le̍k-sú Gí-giân Bûn-hòa Tōa-sû-tián -- Suh-ka-lò͘ Cho̍k\n* Suh-ka-lò͘ Cho̍k Ûi-sū\n* Lông-kiau Cha̍p-peh Hoan-siā","meta":{"title":"Suh-ka-lò͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[310,7591,0.0408378342774338],"infobox":["
    Tâi-oân le̍k-sú
    \n
    \nTâi-oân le̍k-sú nî-pió
    \nSú-chêng sî-tāi
    Hô-lân léng Formosa
    Se-pan-gâ léng Hermosa
    Tang-lêng-kok
    Chheng léng Tâi-oân
    Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok
    Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi
    Chiàn-āu Tâi-oân
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8516}} -{"text":"Sí-hêng hoat-lu̍t hun-lūi tô· (chúi-sek: oân-choân hùi-tû; n̂g-sek: te̍k-sû chōng-hóng í-gōa lóng hùi-tû; kam-á-sek: téng-î hùi-tû; hún-âng-á-sek: ū sí-hêng)\nCesare Beccaria, *Dei delitti e delle pene*\n**Sí-hêng**, jîn-kan siāng kó·-ló ê hêng-ho̍at chi-it. Ū kôan tāng-hêng(Hàn-jī:動刑) ê lâng, àn-chiàu hoat-lu̍t ê hí-khó, chip-hêng hoat-lu̍t ê kui-tēng, thèng-hó kiat-sok 1-ê hōan-lâng ê sèⁿ-miā, tong-jiân chit-ê hōan-lâng tiāⁿ-tio̍h sī í-keng hōan liáu giām-tiōng ê chōe-hēng (chōe-hêng). Kàu-taⁿ, sè-kan lâng tùi-thāi \"giâm-tiōng chōe-hêng\" ê tēng-gī, khòaⁿ-hoat bô-it-tēng siô-siâng, iā-to̍h-sī kóng koh chûn-chāi cheng-gī. Put-jî-kò, tùi hiah-ê kàu-taⁿ iáu-koh pó-liû \"sí-hêng\" ê kok-ka lâi-kóng, \"thâi-lâng—chiá pôe lâng sèⁿ-miā\" chit-tiâu kui-lu̍t it-kòan sī si̍t-si \"sí-hêng\" ê 1-ê kài ki-pún ê tiâu-kiāⁿ.\n\nÙi nô·-lē siā-hōe khai-sí to̍h ū sí-hêng, kàu-taⁿ, ū bōe-chió kok-ka iu-gôan pó-liû chit-hāng hêng-hoat, pí-lūn-kóng Bí-kok, Ji̍t-pún, Sin-ka-pho chit-khóan ê hoat-ta̍t kok-ka, í-ki̍p chi̍t-kóa-á siā-hōe chú-gī kok-ka hām I-su-lân kok-ka. Che í-gōa, tōa-to-sò· ê hoat-tián-tiōng kok-ka lóng-ū sí-hêng. Put-jî-kò, Au-chiu kok-ka thàu-té í-keng hòe-tû sí-hêng, gôan-in û 2 hong-bīn, tē-it sī chong-kàu sìn-gióng ê éng-hiáng, àn-chiàu Kū-iok Sèng-keng ê kóng-hoat, it-chhè hōan-chōe ê lâng lóng-ū kái-kò chū-sin ê ki-hōe, bô èng-kai iōng sí-hêng lâi kiat-sok in ê sìⁿ-miā; tē-jī chióng gôan-in thiaⁿ-kóng sī kah \"bîn-chú chè-tō·, hoat-chè kiàn-siat, í-ki̍p jîn-tō chú-gī ê hoat-tián\" ū koan-hē.\n\nHông phòaⁿ sí-hêng ê hōan-lâng, thàu-té hō·-chòe \"sí-lâng-hōan\" a̍h-sī \"phah-chhèng-phoe\". Leh-beh tāng-hêng chìn-chêng, thàu-té lóng-ē hông ah-khì 1-keng te̍k-sû ê kaⁿ-lô tan-to̍k koaiⁿ 1-chām. Kàu kah chit-khóan ê khám-chām, su-hoat ki-koan beh chò ê khang-khòe sī siu-chi̍p chèng-kù, chún-pī tāng-hêng, iah hōan-lâng mā thèng-hó thê-chhut chòe-āu ê siōng-sò·.\n\nLâi khòaⁿ Kok-chè Te̍k-sià Cho·-chit kah kî-thaⁿ iú-koan hong-bīn ê thong-kè chu-liāu:\n\n* 84 ê kok-ka, kah Pek-bō·-ta̍k (百慕達), Hiong-káng, Ò-mn̂g, Niú-ui-tó (紐威島), Thò·-kek-su kûn-tó, Khai-kho-su kûn-tó…Chiah-ê kok-ka kah tē-khu bô sí-hêng.\n* 10 ê kok-ka, kah Khò·-khek kûn-tó kan-na tùi te̍k-sû chêng-hêng chip-hêng sí-hêng, nā phó·-thong chêng-hêng to̍h bô sí-hêng.\n* 24 ê kok-ka kui-tēng phó·-thong ê chêng-hêng ū sí-hêng, put-jî-kò nā 10-nî-lāi bōe-tàng tēng-àn--ê, to̍h bōe-sái chip-hêng sí-hêng. Pí-lūn-kóng Lō·-se-a.\n\n76 ê kok-ka, pau-koah Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok kah Pa-lek-su-thán, lóng kui-tēng phó·-thong hōan-chōe ū sí-hêng.\n\nLēng-gōa, kun-kù thóng-kè:\n\n* Bo̍k-chiân sè-kài-siōng ū 99 ê kok-ka iáu-leh tāng sí-hêng.\n* Tāng-hêng ê hong-sek, chú-iàu sī \"phah-chhèng, ká-hêng (Hàn-jī:绞刑), chām(thâi)-thâu, tiān-hêng, to̍k-khì-hêng (Hàn-jī:毒氣刑), chio̍h-hêng (Hàn-jī:石刑), chù-siā\" tēng-tēng.\n* Chhái-iōng \"phah-chhèng\" kái-koat ê kok-ka 86 ê, chhái-iōng \"ká-hêng\" ê kok-ka 77 ê, kan-na Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok kah Bí-kok chèng-sek chhái-chhú \"chù-siā sí-hêng\".\n\nIú-koan kok-ka kah tē-khu tāng sí-hêng ê chêng-hóng\n---------------------------------------------------\n\n### Tiong-Hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok\n\n### Hiong-káng\n\n### Tiông-hôa Bîn-kok\n\n### Sin-ka-pho\n\n### Hui-lu̍t-pin\n\n### Bí-kok\n\nKiàn-gī khì chham-khò\n---------------------\n\n* Bô-kî tô·-hêng (Hôa-gí:終身監禁／无期徒期)\n* Kok-chè Te̍k-sià Chó·-chek\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Sin-ka-pho tāng sí-hêng ê kài-siāu\n* Tiong-kok Sí-hêng Koan-chhat\n* Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Hoat-bū-pō· Chôan-kok Hoat-kui Chu-liāu-khò·\n* Hóan-tùi tāng sí-hêng ê ki-kò·：\n\t+ ACLU Capital Punishment Project\n\t+ Amnesty International, USA Program to Abolish the Death Penalty\n\t+ American Friends Service Committee\n\t+ Church of the Brethren\n\t+ Citizens United for Alternatives to the Death Penalty\n\t+ National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty\n\t+ News about the Death Penalty\n\t+ Death Penalty Quotes\n* Chàn-sêng sí-hêng—ê: (Eng-gú bāng-chām)\n\t+ Pro Death Penalty Webpage\n\t+ \n\t+ \n\t+ - \"The feeble 'arguments' against capital punishment\", by Jeff Jacoby\n\t+ In Favor of Capital Punishment - Quotes supporting Capital Punishment\n\nWi fi","meta":{"title":"Sí-hêng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1548,3856,0.40145228215767637],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4566}} -{"text":"**Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k**, mā hō chòe **Kok-li̍p Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k**, **Pîn-tāi**, koh mā ū Eng-gí miâ ê kán-chheng hō-chò **NPTU**. Sī tī Tâi-oân Pîn-tong (Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Pîn-tong-koān) ê kok-li̍p tāi-ha̍k. Tī 2014 nî 8 goe̍h chhoe 1 iû 2 keng ha̍k-hāu, Pîn-tong Kàu-io̍k Tāi-ha̍k kap Pîn-tong Siong-gia̍p Ki-su̍t Ha̍k-īⁿ phēng chòe 1 keng chiah lâi sêng-li̍p Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k. Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k lóng-chóng ū 4 ê hāu-khu, kî-tiong ū 3 ê tī Pîn-tong chhī-khu, ū 1 ê tī Chhâ-siâⁿ. Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k ē-kha ū siat 1 keng si̍t-giām sió-ha̍k. Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k éng-kòe sī 2 keng ha̍k-hāu, pau-koah Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi, tī 1940 nî 4 goe̍h só͘ chhòng-li̍p ê Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Pîn-tong Su-hoān Ha̍k-hāu kap tī 1991 nî só͘ siat ê Kok-li̍p Pîn-tong Siong-gia̍p Choan-kho Ha̍k-hāu. Bo̍k-chêng Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k ū 7 ê ha̍k-īⁿ, 32 ê ha̍k-hē, 30 ê se̍k-sū pan, 1 ê phok-sū pan.\n\nHāu-hn̂g\n--------\n\nPîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k ê hāu-hn̂g lóng-chóng pun chò 4 khu, ū 7 ê ha̍k-īⁿ. Kî-tiong, tī Pîn-siong Hāu-khu--ê ū Koán-lí Ha̍k-īⁿ, Chu-sìn Ha̍k-īⁿ, kap Ka-bu-lún-gàn Ha̍k-īⁿ.\n\nGián-kiú Tiong-sim\n------------------\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Gián-kiú Tiong-sim | Tâi-oân Bí-kok Siong-gia̍p Sū-bū Bûn-hòa Tiong-sim | Éng-sio̍k Kiàn-sêng Khoân-kéng Gián-kiú Tiong-sim |\n| Goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k Kàu-io̍k Gián-kiú Tiong-sim | Kheh-lâng Cho̍k-kûn Gián-kiú Tiong-sim |\n| Siā-khu Chu-siong Tiong-sim | Ji̍t-pún Bûn-hòa Tiong-sim |\n| Put-tōng-sán Kau-e̍k Bô͘-gí Tiong-sim | Kong-lêng-sèng Châi-liāu Gián-hoat Tiong-sim |\n| Tang-lâm-a Hoat-tián Tiong-sim | Goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k Khò-têng Hoat-tián Hia̍p-chok Tiong-sim |\n| Ū-pī Kun-koaⁿ Hùn-liān-thoân Kàu-io̍k Tiong-sim | Ka-bu-lún-gàn Siā-hōe si̍t-chiān kap Éng-sio̍k hoat-tián Tiong-sim |\n\nChí-bōe-á Hāu\n-------------\n\nChit-chūn hām Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k chhiam-iok chò chí-bōe-á hāu ê sè-kài tāi-ha̍k ū chhiau-kòe 50 keng.\n\nChham-khó Chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. 1 2 Goân-bûn sī kavulungan, chham-khó Cho̍k-gí E Lo̍k-hn̂g ê Pâi-oân-gí kàu-châi khò-bûn.\n2. ↑ Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k Kok-chè Ha̍p-chok Cho͘ ê bāng-chām Archived 2022-11-07 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[731,1892,0.38636363636363635],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2319}} -{"text":"\n**Taksin Tāi-tè** (Thài-kok-gí: สมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช *Somdet Phra Chao Taksin Maha Rat* thiaⁿ (**?**), 1734 nî 4 goe̍h 17 ji̍t – 1782 nî 4 goe̍h 7 ji̍t) sī Siam-lô (Thài-kok) Thonburi Ông-kok ûi-it ê kok-ông, 1769 nî kàu 1782 nî chāi-ūi. I ê Tiong-kok miâ-jī kiò chò **Tēⁿ Chiau** (鄭昭), goân-lâi ê miâ-jī kiò chò **Sin** (สิน), **Tēⁿ Sin** (鄭新), **Tēⁿ Siⁿ** (鄭生) ia̍h **Tēⁿ Kok-eng** (鄭國英). Hàn-bûn ê bûn-hiàn mā kiò i **Kam-un-chhit** (甘恩敕) ia̍h **Phi-ngá Sin** (丕雅新).\n\nTaksin goân-lâi sī Siam-lô Ayutthaya Ông-kok ê chi̍t ê chiong-kun, i ê a-pa sī Tiô-chiu-lâng î-bîn. 1767 nî, Bián-tiān bia̍t-bông Siam-lô, i khí-peng hoán-khòng Bián-tiān thóng-tī, chiong-kî-boé khoe-ho̍k to̍k-li̍p pēng-chhiáⁿ thóng-it choân-kok. I kiàn-li̍p Thonburi Ông-kok, chiong siú-to͘ khí tī Thonburi (kin-á-ji̍t ê Bangkok Thonburi Khu). Chāi-ūi ê sî-hāu, phah thè Bián-tiān ê ji̍p-chhim, chhim-lio̍k Lanna (Chiang Mai), Láu-o kap Kán-po͘-chē. Lēng-goā, i chek-ke̍k thui-chìn Thài-kok ê kàu-io̍k kap chong-kàu ha̍k-si̍p, kap Tiong-kok, Eng-kok, Hô-lân chò-seng-lí. \n\nChia̍h-lāu ê i ū khong-tian ê pēⁿ, koaⁿ-liâu kap cheng-lū tùi i put-boán. 1782 nî, i hō͘ Phraya San chèng-piàn lo̍h-tâi. Chiong-kun Somdet Chao Phraya Maha Ksatriyaseuk (Rama 1-sè) tùi Kán-po͘-chē tńg-lâi, tìn-ap Phraya San ê poān-loān, chiong Taksin thâi--sí. Maha Ksatriyaseuk chiūⁿ-tâi chiong siú-to͘ poaⁿ khì Bangkok ê Rattanakosin Tó, kiàn-li̍p Rattanakosin Ông-kok kap Chakri Ông-tiâu.\n\nKin-á-ji̍t Thài-kok-lâng chin chun-kèng i, chiong i kiò chò **Taksin Tāi-tè** ia̍h **Thonburi Tāi-tè** (สมเด็จพระเจ้ากรุงธนบุรี *Somdet Phra Chao Krung Thonburi*).\n\nSeng-pêng\n---------\n\n### Chá-kî\n\nTaksin tī Ayutthaya Hú chhut-sì, i ê lāu-pē Yong Saetae (Tiong-kok miâ: Tēⁿ Iông 鄭鏞 ia̍h Tēⁿ Ián 鄭偃) sī Ayutthaya Ông-kok siu-soè ê koaⁿ-liâu, tùi Tiong-kok Kńg-tang ê Têng-hái lâi kàu chia. Taksin lāu-bú Nok-iang sī Siam-lô lâng. Taksin iáu sī gín-á-kiáⁿ ê sî-hāu, Siam-lô ê Samuhanayok (siú-siòng) Chao Phraya Chakri (Mut) tùi i ìn-siōng chin chhim, chiū-án-ne chiong i siu chò ka-kī ê ióng-chú, khí miâ-jī kiò chò **Sin** (สิน), tī Thài-gí lāi-bīn sī \"chu-pó\" ê ì-sù. 7 hoè ê sî-hāu ji̍p Wat Kosawat (chia biō-sī kin-á-ji̍t kiò Wat Choeng Tha) chò hoê-siūⁿ chò 3 nî, tī chia sî-kî i kap Thongduang (Rama 1-sè) piàn-sêng hó-hiaⁿ-tī. Ū khoàⁿ-miā-sian kóng in í-āu lóng ē chò kok-ông. I ha̍k-si̍p Tiô-chiu-oē, Oa̍t-lâm-oē kap Ìn-tō͘ ê oē, kóng ê chin liàn-tńg. Āu--lâi i hō͘ kok-ông Ekkathat jīm-bēng chò Tak Hú ê thài-siú, chiok-ūi sī **Phraya Tak** (พระยาตาก), tùi chia sî-hāu khai-sí i hō͘ lâng kiò chò \"Taksin\".\n\n1764 nî, Bián-tiān chhim-lio̍k Siam-lô ê lâm-pō͘. Bián-tiān chiong-kun Maha Nawrahta phah kàu Phetchaburi Hú ê sî-hāu, i kap Kosadhibodhi chiong Bián-tiān pēng phah thè. 1765 nî, hō͘ jīm-bēng chò Kamphaeng Phet Hú ê thài-siú, chiok-ūi *Phraya Vajiraprakarn* (พระยาวชิรปราการ); m̄-koh i bô khì Kamphaeng Phet chiūⁿ-jīm, in-ūi Bián-tiān tī chia sî-hāu pau-ûi siú-to͘ Ayutthaya, i tī siú-to͘ chham-ka chiàn-tàu. \n\n### Hóng-khòng Bián-tiān kap to̍k-li̍p\n\nChantaburi ê Taksin tiau-siōng.\n1767 nî 1 goe̍h 3 ji̍t, i kám-kak siú-to͘ bô-hoat-tō͘ hông-siú, toà-niá 500 lâng cháu khì Rayong. 4 goe̍h 7 ji̍t, Ayutthaya hō͘ Bián-tiān pēng chiàm-niá, kok-ông Ekkathat gō--sí. Taksin tī Rayong khí-peng hoán-khòng Bián-tiān thóng-tī, Luang Yokkrabat (Tongduang) kap Nai Sudchinda (Boonma) cháu lâi chi-chhî i. 7 goe̍h 15 ji̍t, Taksin ê pō͘-tūi tī àm-mê chiàm-niá Chanthaburi. Chonburi kap Trat boē siū kàu Bián-tiān ê chhim-lio̍k, hia ê chin chē lâng lâi chham-ka i ê pō͘-tūi. Í-āu Chonburi kap Trat sī Taksin tiōng-iàu ê ki-tē.\n\nBián-tiān chiàm-niá Ayutthaya í-āu, jīm-bēng Suki chò Ayutthaya chóng-tok. Bián-tiān ê chú-le̍k pō͘-tūi thiat-lī Siam-lô, tiàu khì phah Chheng-kok ê Hûn-lâm. 1767 nî 11 goe̍h 6 ji̍t, Taksin toà phiaⁿ 5000 lâng, iû Chao Phraya Hô chiàm-niá Thonburi, thâi--sí Bián-tiān jīm-bēng ê chóng-tok Thong-in. Toā-táⁿ ê i hut-jiân phah Phosamton (Ayutthaya hū-kīn) ê Bián-tiān pō͘-tūi, siu-ho̍k siú-to͘ Ayutthaya.\n\nTaksin choē tio̍h Ekkathat ê sí-thé, chiong i hoé-chòng. I khó-lêng sī in-ūi Ayutthaya í-keng húi-bia̍t, siu-lí chia siâⁿ tio̍h sái kok-ka chin chē chu-goân, pēng-chhiáⁿ Bián-tiān-lâng ē-hiáu Ayutthaya ê jio̍k-tiám, chiong-kî-boé i soán-te̍k Thonburi chò sin ê siú-to͘. Thonburi tī hái-kîⁿ, i bē iông-ī hō͘ Bián-tiān lio̍k-kun ji̍p-chhim; pēng-chhiáⁿ tī Chao Phraya Hô ê ji̍p-hái-kháu, siōng-iû ê iá-sim-ka bô-hoat-tō͘ tit kàu bú-khì kap pó͘-kip, chiū-án-ne bô-hoat-tō͘ kiàn-li̍p ka-kī ê to̍k-li̍p kok-ka. Taksin tī Thonburi teng-tiàu sū-peng, siu-soè, khí siâⁿ; nā-sī siū kàu kong-kek, iā ū hoat-tō͘ chē chûn thiat-thè kàu Chanthaburi.\n\n### Teng-ki kap thóng-it choân-kok\n\nTaksin ê ka-bián gî-sek.\n1767 nî 12 goe̍h 28 ji̍t, Taksin tī Phra Racha Wang Derm teng-ki ûi Siam-lô kok-ông. I ê chun-hō sī **Krung Phra Maha Nakhon Si Ayutthaya**, **Boromraja 4-sè** kap **Phra Sri Sanphet**, tān-sī kin-á-ji̍t Thài-kok-lâng it-poaⁿ kiò i **Phraya Tak**, **Sin** ia̍h **Thonburi Tāi-tè**. Hái-kîⁿ ê Thonburi hō͘ khak-tēng chò siú-to͘ , chia tē-hng sek-ha̍p hoat-tián bō͘-e̍k. M̄-koh i chāi-ūi ê sî-hāu Siam-lô it-ti̍t chiàn-cheng, bô-hoat-tō͘ chiong i khí siâⁿ toā siâⁿ-chhī.\n\nAyutthaya Ông-kok bia̍t-bông ê sî-hāu, Siam-lô bô kok-ông, hun-lia̍t siâⁿ 5 ê kok-ka. Borommakot ê kiáⁿ Krom Muen Thep Phiphit chiàm-iú Nakhon Ratchasima; Chao Phraya Phitsanulok (Rueng Rochonkul) chiàm-iú Phitsanulok kap Nakhon Sawan, soan-pò͘ to̍k-li̍p; Sawangburi ê hoê-siūⁿ thâu-lâng Chumnum Chao Phra Fang chiàm-iú Uttaradit, chū-chheng kok-ông; tī Siam-lô lâm-pō͘, Chao Phraya Nakhon Si Thammarat (Nu) chiàm-iú Nakhon Si Thammarat, mā soan-pò͘ to̍k-li̍p.\n\nKióng-kò͘ ka-kī tī Thonburi thóng-tī í-āu, Taksin koat-tēng thóng-it kok-ka. I seng phah Phitsanulok, tān-sī sit-pāi. Choè-āu, i koat-tēng seng phah choè jio̍k-sè ê Thep Phiphit. 1768 nî, i tìn-ap Thep Phiphit, chiong i thâi--sí. Chao Narasuriyawong kè-sio̍k hoán-khòng, Taksin chiàm-niá Phimai, Chao Narasuriyawong sit-chong.\n\n1769 nî, Taksin phài Phraya Chakri (Thongduang) phah Nakhon Si Thammarat, tī Chaiya chiàn-pāi. Taksin ka-kī chham-ka chiàn-tàu, choè-chong phah iâⁿ. Pattani ê sultan lia̍h tio̍h Chao Phraya Nakhon Si Thammarat, sàng hō͘ Taksin. Taksin sià-bián i ê choē, niū i toà tī Thonburi.\n\n1770 nî, Taksin chiàm-niá Phitsanulok kap Uttaradit, Chao Phra Fang cháu khì Bián-tiān. Taksin choè-chong thóng-it Siam-lô.\n\n### Bián-tiān ê ji̍p-chhim\n\nBián-tiān ông Hsinbyushin bô pàng-sak niū Siam-lô khut-ho̍k ê kè-oē; thiaⁿ-kóng Taksin tī Thonburi kiàn-kok, i tī 1767 nî bēng-lēng Tavoy ê chóng-tok cheng-ho̍k Siam-lô. Bián-tiān pō͘-tūi kiâⁿ kàu Samut Songkhram, hō͘ Taksin phah thoè. Tiong-kok ji̍p-chhim Bián-tiān, Hsinbyushin bô-ta-oâ kiò i ê toā pō͘-tūi tńg khì tí-khòng.\n\nĀu-boé Bián-tiān kap ta̍t-sêng hô-pêng hia̍p-gī, Hsinbyushin tī 1774 nî koh phài 5,000 lâng chhim-lio̍k Siam-lô. Chia pō͘-tūi tī Ratchaburi ê Bangkeo hō͘ Taksin pau-ûi, in-ûi bô mi̍h-chia̍h, put-tek-í hiòng Taksin tâu-hâng. Taksin goân-lâi beh chiong in lóng thâi--sí, tān-sī choè-chiong koat-tēng chiong in lia̍h lâi thê-ko Thài-kok-lâng ê sū-khì. jiân-āu i siau-bia̍t Kanchanaburi ê Bián-tiān oān-pēng. 1775 nî 10 goe̍h, Hsinbyushin koh phài Maha Thiha Thura lâi phah Siam-lô. Maha Thiha Thura sī Bián-tiān chhut-miâ ê chiong-kun, i sī tùi Tiong-kok chiàn-cheng ê chóng-su-lēng, í-chêng tìn-ap koè Peguan ê poān-loān.\n\nBangkeo chiàn-tàu\nBián-tiān pō͘-tūi keng-koè Siam-lô ê Melamao Koān, kiâⁿ kàu Phitsanulok, poàⁿ-lō͘ chiàm-niá Phichai kap Sukhothai. Bián-tiān piaⁿ pau-ûi Phitsanulok, Chao Phraya Chakri (Thongduang) kap Chao Phraya Surasih (Boonma) toà piaⁿ tī siâⁿ-thâu tí-khòng 4 goe̍h-ji̍t. Chao Phraya Surasih chia lâng hō͘ kiò chò *Phraya Sua* (\"Phraya hó͘\"), chèng-bêng i chò tāi-chì chân-jím pēng-chhiáⁿ kui-khì. M̄-koh in-ûi bô mi̍h-chia̍h, kui-boé Chakri kap Surasih hòng-khì Phitsanulok, thiat-thè kàu Phetchabun. 1776 nî 4 goe̍h, Bián-tiān pō͘-tūi chiàm-niá Phitsanulok, tō biān-lîm bô mi̍h-chia̍h ê būn-tê. Tī chia sî-hāu Hsinbyushin koè-sin, Singu Min siōng-tâi. Singu Min bēng-lēng tùi Siam-lô thiat-thè. Bián-tiān pēng tī 9 goe̍h oân-choân hō͘ koáⁿ chhut Siam-lô.\n\nTaksin jīn-ûi Bián-tiān lâng chiàm-niá Chiang Mai (Lanna) sī tùi Siam-lô pak-pō͘ ê chin toā ui-hia̍p. Nā-sī bô-hoat-tō͘ chiàm-niá Chiang Mai, tō bô-hoat-tō͘ î-chhî chia tē-hng ê hô-pêng. 1771 nî, i tī Phichai phah thè Bián-tiān piaⁿ í-hāu ji̍p-chhim Chiang Mai, tān-sī siū kàu goân-kiông tí-khòng í-āu i koat-tēng thiat-thè. Phichai tī 1773 nî iū siū kàu Bián-tiān piaⁿ ui-hia̍p, hō͘ chóng-tok Phraya Phichai (Thongdi) toà piaⁿ phah thè. Phraya Phichai tī chiàm-tàu tiong chiong ka-kī ê *daab* (Thài-kok kiàm) phah tn̄g, chiū-án-ne tit kàu *Daap Hak* (\"tn̄g liáu ê kiàm\") ê goā-hō. Chao Phraya Chakri (Thongduang) kap Chao Phraya Surasih (Boonma) toà piaⁿ kàu Lampang, nn̄g ê Bián-tiān chiong-kun Phraya Chaban kap Phraya Kawila poān-piàn lâi chi-chhî Siam-lô, chham-ka Chakri tùi Chiang Mai ê pau-ûi-chhiàm. Taksin toà piaⁿ chi-oān Chakri, choè-āu tī 1775 nî 1 goe̍h chiàm-niá liáu chia. Chaban hō͘ jīm-bēng chò Chiang Mai chóng-tok (hong-hō Phraya Wichienprakarn); Phraya Kawila hō͘ jīm-bēng chò Lampang chóng-tok, Phraya Waiwong hō͘ jīm-bēng chò Lamphun chóng-tok.Chao Phraya Chakri lâu tiàm chia pang-chān in tìn-ap pak-hng ê poān-loān, koh cheng-ho̍k Láu-o. Láu-o (Luang Prabang kap Vientiane) hō͘ Bián-tiān īng chò kè-sio̍k hiòng tang khok-tiong ê ki-tē, 1776 nî, Bián-tiān chiong 6,000 lâng lâu tī Láu-o. Chiang Mai jîm-kháu chin chió pēng-chhiáⁿ khah khêng, bô-hoat-tō͘ hông-siú. Taksin bēng-lēng hòng-khì chia siâⁿ, chiong lâng choán-î kàu Lampang. 5 nî í-āu, Taksin tiông-sin chiàm-niá Chiang Mai.\n\n### Phah Kán-po͘-chē kap Oa̍t-lâm\n\n1769 nî, Kán-po͘-chē hoat-seng hūn-loān, Ang Non (Ang Non 2-sè, Ramaraja) kap Ang Ton (Outey 2-sè, Narairaja) nn̄g ê hiaⁿ-tī cheng-to̍at ông-ūi, Ang Ton siū kàu Oa̍t-lâm ê chi-chhî chò liáu kok-ông, Ang Non cháu lâi Siam-lô. Taksin chiong che sū-kiāⁿ tòng-chò khòng-chè Kán-po͘-chē ê chioh-kháu, phài piaⁿ sàng Ang Non tńg khì chhiúⁿ ông-ūi, tān-sī bô sêng-kong. Keh-nî, i koh hoat-tōng tùi Kán-po͘-chē ê chiàn-cheng, bē siūⁿ chiong Oa̍t-lâm Nguyễn Chú ê piaⁿ koáⁿ chhut Kán-po͘-chē. Kin-kì Oa̍t-lâm bûn-hiàn ê kì-chài, nn̄g ê Ayutthaya cháu khì kok-goā: Chao Sisang (jī-ông Thammathibet ê kiáⁿ) cháu khì Kán-po͘-chē; Chao Chui (Aphai Ông-chú ê kiáⁿ, Thai Sa ê sun-á) cháu khì Hà Tiên (河僊, Hô-sian), tī hia hō͘ Oa̍t-lâm Hà Tiên ê chóng-tok Bo̍h Sū-lîn (莫士麟, Mạc Thiên Tứ) siu-liû. Siam-lô piaⁿ choè chhoe chiàn-pāi, tān-sī tī 1771 nî kap 1772 nî phah iâⁿ Oa̍t-lâm piaⁿ, niū Ang Non teng-ki chò kok-ông. 1771 nî, Siam-lô chiàm-niá Hà Tiên, Bo̍h Sū-lîn cháu-khì Gia Định (嘉定, Hồ Chí Minh Chhī). Taksin jīm-bēng Tiô-chiu-lâng Phraya Phiphit (Tân Liân, 陳聯, Trần Liên) chò Hà Tiên ê chóng-tok. Tī Kán-po͘-chē ê sit-pāi ín-khí Oa̍t-lâm kok-lāi ê poān-loān, put-tit-í Nguyễn Chú tī 1773 nî kap Siam-lô ta̍t-sêng hô-kái, sêng-jīn Ang Non sī Kán-po͘-chē kok-ông. Ang Non hong Ang Ton (Outey) chò *Maha Upayuvaraja* (\"siap-chèng thài-siōng-ông\"), Ang Ton ê toā-hiaⁿ Ang Tham chò *Maha Uparaja* (\"hù-ông\"). Chioh-toà 3 nî ê Bo̍h Sū-lîn tńg kàu Hà Tiên. 1777 nî, Oa̍t-lâm hoat-seng Tây Sơn poān-loān, thui-hoan Nguyễn Chú ê chèng-khoân, chiong Nguyễn Phúc Thuần kap Nguyễn Phúc Dương thâi--sí. Taksin siu-liû chin chē cháu lâi Siam-lô ê Oa̍t-lâm koaⁿ-liâu, kî-tiong ū Bo̍h Sū-lîn. Nguyễn Ánh siūⁿ-beh kap Taksin kiat-bêng, tān-sī Nguyễn Huệ sàn-pò͘ iâu-giân, Taksin choè-āu chiong Bo̍h Sū-lîn thâi--sí. \n\nAng Non tùi ông-ūi ê an-pâi chin put-boán, 1777 nî, Ang Non chiong Ang Ton kap Ang Tham àm-sat. 1780 nî Kán-po͘-chē ông-chú Talaha (Mu) khí-peng poān-loān, ín-chhoā Oa̍t-lâm piaⁿ thâi--sí Ang Non, li̍p Ang Eng chò kok-ông. Taksin li̍p ka-kī ê kiáⁿ Inthraphithak chò Kán-po͘-chē kok-ông, phài Somdet Chao Phraya Maha Ksatriyaseuk toà 20,000 piaⁿ khì phah Kán-po͘-chē, m̄-koh choè-āu in-ūi Siam-lô hoat-seng loē-loān, Siam-lô piaⁿ tī 1782 nî tùi Kán-po͘-chē thiat-thè.\n\n### Phah Láu-o\n\n1777 nî, Champasak kun-chú chi-chhî Siam-lô tang-pō͘ Nang Rong ê chóng-tok khí-peng poān-loān. Taksin phài Chao Phraya Chakri khì tìn-ap, thâi--sí Nang Rong chóng-tok. Tī Chao Phraya Surasih ê chi-oān hā, Chakri bia̍t-bông Champasak, chiong kun-chú Chao O thâi-thâu. Taksin chin hoaⁿ-hí, hong Chakri chò *Somdej Chao Phraya Maha Kasatsuek Piluekmahima Tuknakara Ra-adet*, che sī Siam-lô choè ko ê chiok-ūi.\n\nKeh-nî, Vientiane ông-chú Pra Voh poān-loān, cháu kàu Champasak, toà tī Ubon hū-kīn ê Don Mot Daeng, siū kàu Siam-lô ê pó-hō͘. Siam-lô piaⁿ thiat-thè í-āu, Vientiane kok-ông Ong Boun phài lâng phah Don Mot Daeng, chiong Pra Voh thâi--sí. Taksin jīn-ûi che tāi-chì sī tùi ka-kī chin toā ê bú-jio̍k, 1778 nî, phài Maha Kasatsuek toà 20,000 lâng phah Vientiane. Luang Prabang kok-ông Suriyavong 2-sè kap Ong Boun bē-hô, hiòng Siam-lô khut-ho̍k, toà piaⁿ pang-chān Maha Kasatsuek pau-ûi Vientiane. Siam-lô piaⁿ tī 4 goe̍h ji̍t í-āu chiàm-niá Vientiane, Ong Boun cháu khì sim-lîn. Maha Kasatsuek chiong Phra Kaeo Morakot kap Phra Bang nn̄g ê hu̍t-siōng toà tńg Thonburi. Chiông-chhú Láu-o ê nn̄g ê kok-ka Luang Prabang kap Vientiane piàn-sêng Siam-lô ê hù-sio̍k-kok (附屬國).\n\n### Keng-chè, bûn-hoà kap chong-kàu\n\nLô-má Kok-ka Phok-bu̍t-koán ê Taksin oē-siōng.\nTaksin tī Thonburi kiàn-kok ê sî-hāu, peh-sèⁿ bô mi̍h-chia̍h, bô saⁿ chhēng. Taksin ē-hiáu ka-kī ê khùn-kéng, iu-sian kái-koat keng-chè ê būn-tê. I ēng ka-kī ê chîⁿ chhut koân kè khip-ín hoan-á seng-lí-lâng toà lâi ū-gia̍h ê seng-oa̍h pit-su-phín, i koh boé lâi hun-phoè hō͘ peh-sèⁿ, sàng in tńg-chhù, chiū-án-ne kok-ka ê tia̍t-sū khoe-ho̍k, keng-chè ho̍k-so͘. \n\n1777 nî ê bûn-hiàn kóng kàu, Thài-kok ê tiōng-iàu siong-phín ū hó͘-phek (琥珀), n̂g-kim, pó-chio̍h, ngē iân téng-téng. Taksin kó͘-lē Hoâ-jîn (te̍k-pia̍t sī Tiô-chiu-lâng) lâi Siam-lô tēng-ki, tī it-tēng thêng-tō͘ siōng ū niū keng-chè ho̍k-so͘ kap thê-ko lô-tōng-le̍k ê bo̍k-te̍k. I chāi-ūi ê toā pō͘-hūn ūi-liáu î-chhî kok-ka ê to̍k-li̍p chiàn-tàu. Hoâ-jîn tī keng-chè ê éng-hióng-le̍k chiām-chiām khok-tāi, ín-khí Ayutthaya kùi-cho̍k ê hoán-tùi. Chò-thâu hoán-tùi ê sī Bunnag ka-cho̍k, chia ka-cho̍k ê chó͘-sian sī sìn-hōng I-su-lân ê Pho-su seng-lí-lâng, sè-tāi koaⁿ pài Ayutthaya Ông-kok ê Phra Klang (káng-kháu kap châi-chèng pō͘-tiúⁿ).\n\nSiam-lô ê phâng-chûn kiâⁿ kàu Phû-tô-gâ léng Ìn-tō͘ Goa ê Surat, tān-sī chèng-sek ê goā-kau koan-hē iáu boē khak-tēng. 1776 nî, Tāi Britain Ông-kok ê Francis Light sàng lâi 1,400 ê sūi-hoat-chhèng (燧發銃, flintlock) kap kî-thaⁿ lé-bu̍t. Taksin bēng-lēng tùi Eng-lân boé chhèng. 1777 nî, Eng-kok léng Ìn-tō͘ ê Madras chóng-tok George Stratton sàng i chi̍t ê ēng pó-chio̍h chò chng-thāⁿ ê n̂g-kim chò ê to-siù.\n\n1770 nî, Terengganu kap Batavia (kin-á-ji̍t Jakarta) ê goân-chū-bîn sàng i 2,200 sàn-tān-chhèng (散彈銃, shotgun).\n\nTaksin chhim-ji̍p tiông-kiàn kok-ka ê hoat-lu̍t tia̍t-sū, koh chip-hêng chi̍t ê kong-kiōng hok-lī kè-oē. I ki̍p-sî kiù-chèng Hu̍t-kàu khoân-ui kap peh-sèⁿ ê pháiⁿ-phiah, chiong chia̍h-mi̍h kap saⁿ sàng hō͘ ū su-iàu ê lâng.\n\nTaksin tùi pau-koat bú-tō kap hì-kio̍k chāi lāi gē-su̍t lóng ū hèng-chhù. 1769 nî, Taksin tìn-ap liáu Chao Phraya Nakhon Si Thammarat í-āu, chiong Chao Nakhon ê cha-bó͘ bú-tō-ka (舞蹈家) toà tńg Thonburi, niū in kap kî-thaⁿ tē-hng lâi ê bú-tō-ka àn-chiàu Ayutthaya ê bô͘-sek hùn-liān chhut chi̍t ê hông-ka bú-thoân (舞團). Taksin chhin-chhiú siā 4 khek *Ramakian* ê chhah-khek (插曲), niū in pâi-liān piáu-ián.\n\nTaksin khì pak-hng tìn-ap Chao Phra Fang ê sî-hāu, hoat-hiān hia ê hoê-siūⁿ tùi ka-kī m̄ giâm-keh kap bô siu-ióng. I iau-chhiáⁿ siú-to͘ ê Hu̍t-kàu khoân-ui khì hia kàu-io̍k hoê-siūⁿ, niū in hû-ha̍p Hu̍t-kàu ê ki-pún kàu-gī. M̄-koh i thóng-tī sî-kan khah té, iáu bô-hoat-tō͘ chhim-ji̍p si̍t-hiān.\n\nThonburi kè-sêng Ayutthaya ê Sangha chè-tō͘. I ín-chún Hoat-kok thoân-kàu-sū lâi Siam-lô, tī 1780 nî pang-chān in kiàn-lia̍p kàu-tn̂g.\n\n### Kap Tiong-kok ê koan-hē\n\nTiong-kok Kńg-tang Têng-hái-khu „Tēⁿ Hông Taksin kong-hn̂g\" (郑皇达信公园) ê ji̍p-kháu.\n1767 nî Bián-tiān chiàm-niá Ayutthaya í-āu, Bián-tiān kap Chheng-kok hoat-seng chiàn-cheng. Siam-lô hō͘ Bián-tiān ji̍p-chhim ê sū-kiāⁿ iā siū kàu Chheng-kok ê kéng-kak (警覺). Taksin phài 3 ê goā-kau sú-thoân (使團) khì Tiong-kok, iau-kiû Khiân-liông Hông-tè chhek-hong (冊封) ka-kī chò Siam-lô kok-ông. Tān-sī Oa̍t-lâm ê Hà Tiên (河僊, Hô-sian) chóng-tok Bo̍h Sū-lîn (莫士麟, Mạc Thiên Tứ) hiòng Chheng-kok khòng-kò i sī chi̍t ê chhoàn-ūi-chiá (篡位者). Bo̍h Sū-lîn iā siu-iông Ayutthaya ê ông-chú Chao Chui. Chheng-kok bô sêng-jīn i ê thóng-tī, tān-sī jīm-ûi Siam-lô sī tùi-khòng Bián-tiān ê bêng-iú. Kàu 1772 nî, Taksin chiàm-niá Hà Tiên, thâi--sí Chao Chui, Khiân-liông Hông-tè chiah sêng-jīn i sī ha̍p-hoat ê kok-ông.\n\nThài-kok ê Tiô-chiu-lâng tùi Taksin ê teng-ki kòng-hiàn chin toā. In-ûi Taksin ū it-poaⁿ ê Tiô-chiu-lâng hiat-thóng, i ēng chia lâi hō-tiàu Tiô-chiu kiâu-bîn. Tiô-chiu kiâu-bîn chi-chhî i chia̍h-mi̍h kap chiàn-cheng pit-su-phín, niū i ū hoat-tō͘ kiàn-kok. Tn̂g-kú lâi khoàⁿ, ū hoat-tō͘ chi-hù kok-ka khai-siau, î-chhî ông-ka, kùi-cho̍k kap hù-jū seng-lí-lâng ka-têng.\n\nTâng sî-kî ê François Henri Turpin kóng i chia lâng chin tāi-hong, hia sî-hāu ê pháiⁿ-miā-lâng ǹg-bāng put-chài chheng-hân. Taksin khí kong-khò͘ lâi kiù-chè peh-sèⁿ. Tī i chāi-ūi sî-hāu, châi-sán kap sèⁿ-miā an-choân tiông-sin tit kàu pó-chiong. M̄-koh i tùi hoan-choē-chiá chin giâm, hoat-lu̍t hō͘ choan-chè chú-tāi, choè āu ín-khí poān-loān.\n\nTaksin ê chó͘-sian sī Tiô-chiu-lâng, só͘-í siū kàu Thài-kok Hoâ-jîn ê chông-pài, chiong i kiò chò **Tēⁿ Ông-kong** (鄭王公, แต่อ่วงกง). 1921 nî, chi̍t ê i ê i-koan-bō͘ kap chó͘-biō khí tī Tiong-kok Kńg-tang-séng Têng-hái-koān ê Hoâ-hù-chhun (tī kin-á-ji̍t Soàⁿ-thâu-chhī Têng-hái-khu Siōng-hoâ-tìn). Chia bō͘ hō͘ Soàⁿ-thâu lâng kiò chò „Tēⁿ Ông bō͘\" (郑王墓), bō͘-pi siá „Siam-lô Tēⁿ Hông Taksin Tāi-tè i-koan-bō͘\" (暹罗郑皇达信大帝衣冠墓). 1984 nî 12 goe̍h 5 ji̍t, í „Tēⁿ Sìn i-koan-bō͘\" (郑信衣冠墓) ê miâ lia̍t ji̍p Têng-hái-khu bûn-bu̍t tiōng-tiám pó-hō tan-ūi (澄海区文物保护单位). Sirindhorn Kong-chú tī 1998 nî lâi chia hóng-būn koè. Kin-á-ji̍t chia bō͘ hū-kīn sī chi̍t ê kong-hn̂g, kiò chò „Tēⁿ Hông Taksin kong-hn̂g\" (郑皇达信公园).\n\n### Chia̍h-lāu\n\nThài-kok le̍k-sú-ha̍k-ka kóng, in-ūi hiat-thóng ê būn-tê tùi i éng-hióng put-lī, Taksin khai-sí tùi chong-kàu chin chhi-bê. I siong-sìn ka-kī tī bī-lâi sêng Pu̍t, hi-bāng chiong ka-kī ê hoeh tùi âng-sek piàn-sêng pe̍h-sek. I khai-sí liān-si̍p bêng-sióng (冥想), tùi hoê-siūⁿ ián-káng. Kèng-ka giâm-tiōng ê sī, i kiông-pek cheng-lū hō͘ ka-kī ū-liû (預流, *sotāpanna*) ê ūi-kai, ēng-lâi chèng-bêng ka-kī ta̍t kàu Sù-hiòng sù-kó (四向四果) lāi-bīn ê tē 1 kip. I ê hêng-ûi niū Siam-lô Hu̍t-kàu ê kàu-hoē hun-lia̍t. Kū-choa̍t sêng-jīn i sī sîn-bêng (神明) ê cheng-lū (僧侣) hō͘ i ēng sut-á phah, phoàⁿ in chò lô͘-lē.\n\nLēng-goā, in-ūi nî-nî chiàn-cheng, Siam-lô keng-chè chin kín-tiuⁿ, moá-sì-kè ê ki-hng, chhiúⁿ-kiap kap hoān-choē. Koaⁿ-liâu chin hú-pāi, ap-pek peh-sèⁿ. Só͘-í Taksin ēng chin tiōng ê hêng-hoa̍t chhú-hoa̍t in, niū koaⁿ-liâu tùi i phó͘-phiàn put-boán.\n\nKin-kì Hoat-kok thoân-kàu-sū M. Descourvieres ê kóng-hoat, i toā pō͘-hūn sî-kan tī--leh kî-tó, chai-kài (齋戒) ia̍h-sī bêng-sióng, hi-bāng ka-kī poe kàu thiⁿ-téng. 1782 nî ê sî-hāu, i í-keng ū khong-tian ê pēⁿ, chiong bû-ko͘ ê koaⁿ-liâu kap ka-kī bó͘-kiáⁿ kuaiⁿ ji̍p kaⁿ-lô, pek in jīn-choē.\n\n1782 nî, Phraya San tī àm-mê hoat-tōng chèng-piàn, chiàm-niá Thonburi. Taksin bô chò hoán-khòng hiòng i tâu-hâng. I iau-kiû pó-miā, kàu Wat Chaeng (kin-á-ji̍t Wat Arun) chò hoê-siūⁿ. Thonburi hoat-seng giâm-tiōng ê hūn-loān. Somdet Chao Phraya Maha Ksatriyaseuk (Rama 1-sè) thiaⁿ-kóng í-āu, tùi Kán-po͘-chē tńg-lâi, tìn-ap poān-loān, khoe-ho̍k liáu siú-to͘ ê tia̍t-sū.\n\nKin-kì Thài-kok hông-ka pian-nî-sú ê kóng-hoat, Maha Ksatriyaseuk koat-tēng hùi-tû Taksin ê ông-ūi, phoàⁿ i sí-hêng. Maha Ksatriyaseuk jīn-ûi i ê hêng-ûi bē tō-tek bē kong-chèng, tùi kok-ka siong-hāi chin toā, só͘-í eng-kai phoàⁿ sí-hêng. Taksin iau-kiû kap Maha Ksatriyaseuk kìⁿ-bīn, Maha Ksatriyaseuk kī-choa̍t. 1782 nî 4 goe̍h 10 ji̍t, Taksin tī Phra Racha Wang Derm piⁿ-á ê Wichai Prasit thâi-thâu, tī Wat Bang Yi Ruea Tai lo̍h-chòng. Maha Ksatriyaseuk chū-chheng kok-ông, chiong siú-to͘ poaⁿ khì Bangkok ê Rattanakosin Tó, kiàn-li̍p Rattanakosin Ông-kok kap Chakri Ông-tiâu.\n\nOa̍t-lâm ê bûn-hiàn kóng Taksin sī tī Wat Chaeng siū Thài-kok ông-cho̍k ê *kan samret thot duai thon chan* hêng-hoa̍t, long ji̍p moâ-tē lāi-bīn ēng kùn-á phah--sí. Kî-thaⁿ kì-lo̍k kóng phah--sí ê sī i ê thè-sin, i hō͘ Maha Ksatriyaseuk ún tī Nakhon Si Thammarat soaⁿ-khu, i tī 1825 nî chiah koè-sin.\n\nTaksin kap i cha-bó͘-lâng ê kut-hu lo̍h-chòng tī kin-á-ji̍t Thonburi Khu Wat Intharam ê nn̄g ê siá-lī-thah (舍利塔, *stupa*) lāi-bīn.\n\nTùi chèng-piàn ê phêng-lūn\n--------------------------\n\nIáu bē-hiáu Maha Ksatriyaseuk (Rama 1-sè) tī chia chèng-piàn lāi-bīn sī ián siáⁿ kak-sek. Oa̍t-lâm ê hông-ka pian-nî-sú kóng chia̍h-lāu ê i ū khong-tian ê pēⁿ, chiong Maha Ksatriyaseuk kap Surasih ê kiáⁿ-jî kuaiⁿ ji̍p kaⁿ-lô. Che tāi-chì niū nn̄g ê hiaⁿ-tī chin put-boán, só͘-í kap nn̄g ê Oa̍t-lâm chiong-kun Nguyễn Hữu Thoại (阮有瑞) kap Hồ Văn Lân (胡文璘) kau pêng-iú, chiù-choā tī āu-pái sio-kīng. Bô-goā-kú Siam-lô hoat-seng chèng-piàn, Ksatriyaseuk tńg kàu Thonburi, chiong Taksin thâi--sí. Ū ê Oa̍t-lâm bûn-hiàn kóng Taksin hō͘ Ksatriyaseuk phài lâng àm-sat; kî-thaⁿ ê kóng i sī hō͘ phoàⁿ sí-hêng kong-khai thâi--sí. Phraya San iā tī chia sū-kiāⁿ lāi-bīn koè-sin.\n\nLēng-goā ê koan-tiám jīn-ûi Maha Ksatriyaseuk (Rama 1-sè) bē-sióng chò kok-ông, khòng-kò Taksin sī chi̍t ê Tiong-kok-lâng, í-āu ê le̍k-sú tùi Rama 1-sè ê teng-ki ha̍p-hoa̍t-hoà. Chiàu Nidhi Eoseewong ê kóng-hoa̍t, Taksin sī chi̍t chióng sin-sek ê léng-tō-jîn, i chiong kok-ka ê khoân-le̍k hā-hòng kàu Hoâ-jîn sin kùi-cho̍k, in sī i chiàn-cheng ê chú-iàu pang-chō͘-chiá. Maha Ksatriyaseuk kap i ê chi-chhî-chiá sī Ayutthaya kū kùi-cho̍k, tùi chia piàn-hoà chin put-boán. Tān-sī chia koan-tiám bô chù-ì kàu Maha Ksatriyaseuk ka-kī iā ū Hoâ-jîn hiat-thóng, pēng-chhiáⁿ chhoā Taksin ê chi̍t ê chá-bó͘-kiáⁿ chò sè-î. Bûn-hiàn iā bô kok-ông kap Hoâ-jîn seng-lí-lâng in-ūi bí-kè khòng-chè-khoân hoat-seng chhiong-tu̍t ê kì-chài. Lūn-chin lâi kóng, Maha Ksatriyaseuk tī hia sî-hāu í-keng sī khoân-le̍k choè toā ê kùi-cho̍k, choè ū chiâm-le̍k chò sin ê léng-tō-jîn.\n\nKî-thaⁿ koan-tiám jīn-ūi Siam-lô khiàm Tiong-kok ê chè chin chē, bô-hoat-tō͘ hêng siàu. Ūi-tio̍h chhú-siau chè-bū, Taksin jīm-bēng Maha Ksatriyaseuk chò kok-ông, ké-chong ka-kī hō͘ i thâi--sí. Tān-sī kin-kì Tiong-kok bûn-hiàn ê kì-chài, Rama 1-sè ún-moâ ka-kī kap Taksin ê chin-si̍t koan-hē; tùi Tiong-kok ê goā-kau siōng, Rama 1-sè ēng *Tēⁿ Hoâ* (鄭華) ê ké-miâ, ké-chong ka-kī sī Taksin ê kiáⁿ, ēng lâi chèng-bêng ka-kī sī Siam-lô ông-ūi ê ha̍p-hoat kè-sêng-chiá.\n\nÛi-sán\n------\n\nWongwian Yai ê Taksin Tāi-tè tiau-siōng.\nŪ kek-chìn ê le̍k-sú-ha̍k-ka jīn-ûi Taksin sī chi̍t ê kap Ayutthaya kok-ông bē it-iūⁿ ê kok-ông, i tī chhut-sin, chèng-chhek kap léng-tō hong-sek tāi-piáu chi̍t ê sin ê kai-kip (階級). Tùi Rattanakosin Ông-kok kiàn-li̍p kàu 1932 nî Siam-lô Kek-bēng ûi-chí ê sî-kî lāi-bīn, Taksin bô chiūⁿ kî-thaⁿ Siam-lô kok-ông hit khoán siū kàu chun-kèng, in-ūi Chakri Ông-tiâu ê kok-ông kiaⁿ ka-kī ê ha̍p-hoat-sèng ui-hia̍p. 1932 nî, Siam-lô hùi-tû choa̍t-tùi kun-chú-chè, khai-sí bîn-chú sî-tāi, Taksin siū kàu koh-khah chē ê chun-kèng, piàn-sêng bîn-cho̍k eng-hiông. Plaek Pibulsonggram téng-téng ê chiong-kun hi-bāng bí-hoà le̍k-sú siōng te̍k-tēng ê jîn-bu̍t, ēng lâi soan-thoân ka-kī bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī, khok-tiong-chú-gī (擴張主義) kap ài-kok-chú-gī ê chèng-chhek.\n\nChi̍t ê 9 kong-chhioh koân ê Taksin tiau-siōng li̍p tī Thonburi ê Wongwian Yai, tī Prajadhipok, Inthara Phithak, Lat Ya, Somdet Phra Chao Taksin 4 tiâu lō͘ tiong-ng. Taksin chiàⁿ-chhiú gia̍h kiàm, khiā tī 8.90 × 1.80 × 3.90 kong-chhioh ê ki-chō siōng. Chia kì-liām-pi tī 1954 nî 4 goe̍h 17 ji̍t kiat-bō͘. Kin-á-ji̍t, Taksin ka-bián chò kok-ông ê ji̍t-kî 12 goe̍h 28 ji̍t hō͘ khak-tēng chò \"Taksin Tāi-tè Ji̍t\" (วันสมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช), tān-sī m̄-sī kong-chiòng ká-kî. Tī chit ji̍t, Thài-kok kok-ông ē lâi chia tùi i piáu-sī chun-kèng.\n\nChantaburi chhī-chèng-thiaⁿ tùi-bīn ke ū Taksin khiâ-bé ê tiau-siōng, pinn--á poê-phoāⁿ sī i ê 4 ūi tiong-sêng ê chiong-kun: Pra Chiang-ngen (Phraya Sukhothai), Luang Pichai-asa (Phraya Phichai), Luang Prom-sena kap Luang Raj-saneha.\n\n1981 nî, Thài-kok gī-hoē thong-koè koat-gī, hō͘ i \"Tāi-tè\" (大帝, มหาราช) ê thâu-hâm. Thài-kok Gîn-hâng hoat-hêng tē 12 pán choá-phiò, lóng-chóng ū 10 baht, 20 baht kap 100 baht, oē ê lóng sī Thài-kok le̍k-sú siōng ê kúi ê \"Tāi-tè\". 20 baht oē ê sī Taksin.\n\nKiáⁿ-jî\n-------\n\nTaksin ū 21 ê kiáⁿ-jî:\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| * Ông-chú Chui (Jī-ông Khun Intarapitak)\n* Ông-chú Noi\n* Ông-chú Amphawan (Mom Wan)\n* Ông-chú Thatsaphong (Phra Phong Narin)\n* Ông-chú Narenthra Ratchakuman (Phra Narenthra Racha)\n* Ông-chú Thatsaphai (Phra Inthra Aphai)\n* Ông-chú Suphanthuwong (Mom Men)\n* Kong-chú Pancha Papi\n* Ông-chú Sila\n* Kong-chú Komon\n* Kong-chú Buppha\n* Ông-chú Singhara\n* Ông-chú Lek\n* Kong-chú Samliwan (Chao Chom Manda Samli)\n* Ông-chú Onnika (Nai Nu Dam)\n | * Kong-chú Praphaiphak\n* Kong-chú Sumali\n* Ông-chú Thamrong\n* Kong-chú Lamang\n* Kong-chú Sangwan\n* Ông-chú Khanthawong\n* Ông-chú Mekhin\n* Ông-chú Isinthon\n* Ông-chú Bua\n* Ông-chú\n* Ông-chú Nu Daeng\n* Kong-chú Sut Chatri\n* Ông-chú Noi (Chao Phraya Nakhon Si Thammarat)\n* Ông-chú Thong-in (Chao Phraya Nakhon Ratchasima)\n |\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 ธำรงศักดิ์ อายุวัฒนะ. ราชสกุลจักรีวงศ์ และราชสกุลสมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช (ēng Thài-kok-gí). Bangkok: สำนักพิมพ์บรรณกิจ. p. 490. ISBN 974-222-648-2.\n2. 1 2 Lintner, p. 112\n3. ↑ Woodside 1971, p. 8.\n4. ↑ Wyatt, 140\n5. ↑ \"Wat Choeng Thar's official website\". *iGetWeb*. March 29, 2010 khòaⁿ--ê. Pang-bô͘:DL\n6. ↑ พระราชวรวงศ์เธอ กรมหมื่นพิทยาลงกรณ์. สามกรุง (ēng Thài-kok-gí). Bangkok: สำนักพิมพ์คลังวิทยา. pp. 54–58.\n7. ↑ \"Art&Culture ,100\" (ēng Thài-kok-gí). Crma.ac.th. goân-loē-iông tī 2009-06-22 hőng khó͘-pih. 2010-03-29 khòaⁿ--ê.\n8. 1 2 W.A.R.Wood, p. 253\n9. ↑ Damrong Rajanubhab, pp. 401–402\n10. ↑ Damrong Rajanubhab, p. 388\n11. ↑ Damrong Rajanubhab, p. 385\n12. ↑ Sunthorn Phu (2007). *Nirat Phra Bart (นิราศพระบาท)* (ēng Thài-kok-gí). Kong Toon (กองทุน). pp. 123–124. ISBN 978-974-482-064-8.\n13. ↑ \"Palaces in Bangkok\". *Mybangkokholiday.com.'.' Retrieved September 25, 2009.*\n14. ↑ Wyatt, p.141\n15. ↑ Syamananda, p. 94\n16. ↑ Wood, p. 254\n17. ↑ Damrong Rajanubhab, pp. 414–415\n18. ↑ Damrong Rajanubhab, p. 430\n19. ↑ Damrong Rajanubhab, pp. 423–424\n20. ↑ Damrong Rajanubhab, pp. 411–414\n21. ↑ Damrong Rajanubhab, p. 462\n22. ↑ Damrong Rajanubhab, pp. 491–492\n23. ↑ Wood, pp. 265–266\n24. ↑ Damrong Rajanubhab, pp. 493–495\n25. ↑ Wood, pp. 259–260\n26. ↑ Damrong Rajanubhab, p. 435\n27. ↑ Wood, pp. 263–264\n28. ↑ Damrong Rajanubhab, p. 530\n29. ↑ Wood, pp. 257–258\n30. ↑ Damrong Rajanubhab, p. 427\n31. 1 2 *รัฐศาสตร์สาร ปีที่ 37 ฉบับที่ 2 (พฤษภาคม-สิงหาคม 2559)*. กรุงเทพฯ: โรงพิมพ์มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์. p. 1-23. ISBN 978-616-7308-25-8.\n32. ↑ Barnes, p. 74\n33. ↑ Wood, p. 268\n34. ↑ Wyatt, p. 143\n35. ↑ Collected History Part 65. Bangkok, 1937, p. 87\n36. ↑ Lintner, p. 234\n37. ↑ Baker,Phongpaichit, p. 32\n38. ↑ Editors of Time Out, p. 84\n39. ↑ Handley, p. 27\n40. ↑ \"The Madras Despatches, 1763–1764\" (PDF). goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī April 28, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. March 29, 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.\n41. ↑ \"400 years Thai-Dutch Relation: VOC in Judea, Kingdom of Siam\". goân-loē-iông tī April 28, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. March 29, 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.\n42. ↑ Syamananda, p. 95\n43. ↑ Amolwan Kiriwat. *Khon:Masked dance drama of the Thai Epic Ramakien Archived April 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine..'.' Retrieved October 6, 2009.*\n44. ↑ Pattama Wattanapanich: The Study of the characteristics of the court dance drama in the reign of King Taksin the Great, 210 pp.\n45. ↑ Sunthorn Na-rangsi. *Administration of the Thai Sangha: past, present and future.'.' Retrieved October 6, 2009.*\n46. ↑ Eric Tagliacozzo, Wen-chin Chang, *Chinese Circulations: Capital, Commodities, and Networks in Southeast Asia*, p. 151\n47. 1 2 \"乾隆实录卷之八百十七\" (ēng Hôa-gí).\n48. ↑ *Việt Nam sử lược*, vol. 2, chap. 6\n49. ↑ *Đại Nam liệt truyện tiền biên*, vol. 6\n50. ↑ *A Short History of China...* Google Books. March 29, 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.\n51. ↑ Sarasin Viraphol, Tribute and Profit: Sino–Siamese Trade, 1652–1853 (Cambridge, Mass. 1977), p.144, citing a writing by King Mongkut, dated 1853, from the Thai National Library.\n52. ↑ François Henri Turpin, *History of the Kingdom of Siam*, trans. B.O.Cartwright (Bangkok, 1908), pp. 178–179; original French ed. 1771.\n53. ↑ Pimpraphai Pisalbutr (2001). *Siam Chinese boat Chinese in Bangkok regend* (ēng Thài-kok-gí). Nanmee Books. p. 93. ISBN 974-472-331-9.\n54. ↑ Journal of M. Descourvieres, (Thonburi). Dec.21, 1782; in Launay, *Histoire*, p. 309.\n55. ↑ Rough Guides. *The Rough Guide to Southeast Asia*. Rough Guides. p. 823. ISBN 1-85828-553-4.\n56. 1 2 Chris Baker; Pasuk Phongpaichit. *A History of Ayutthaya*. Cambridge University Press. p. 268. ISBN 978-1-107-19076-4.\n57. ↑ Nidhi Eoseewong. (1986). *Thai politics in the reign of the King of Thon Buri.* Bangkok : Arts & Culture Publishing House. pp. 575.\n58. ↑ Prida Sichalalai. (1982, December). \"The last year of King Taksin the Great\". *Arts & Culture Magazine*, (3, 2).\n59. ↑ Wyatt, p. 145; Siamese/Thai history and culture–Part 4 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n60. ↑ \"see bottom of the page—item 7\". Thailandsworld.com. goân-loē-iông tī September 12, 2009 hőng khó͘-pih. March 29, 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.\n61. ↑ *Việt Nam sử lược*, vol. 2, chap. 8\n62. ↑ *Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện sơ tập*, vol. 32\n63. ↑ *Gia-dinh-Thung-chi: Histoire et description de la basse Cochinchine* (ēng Hoat-gí). p. 47–49.\n64. ↑ Nidhi Eoseewong, p. 55\n65. ↑ ทศยศ กระหม่อมแก้ว. พระเจ้าตากฯ สิ้นพระชนม์ที่เมืองนคร (ēng Thài-kok-gí). Bangkok: สำนักพิมพ์ร่วมด้วยช่วยกัน. p. 176. ISBN 978-974-7303-62-9.\n66. ↑ \"乾隆实录卷之一千一百六十四\" (ēng Hôa-gí).\n67. ↑ \"清史稿 卷五百二十八 列传三百十五 属国三\" (ēng Hôa-gí).\n68. ↑ 黄璧蕴. \"中泰朝贡的终局\" (ēng Hôa-gí).\n69. ↑ Donald K. Swearer (2004). *Becoming the Buddha: The Ritual of Image*. Princeton University Press. p. 235. ISBN 0691114358.\n70. ↑ Sarawasi Mekpaiboon, Sirichoke Lertyaso (in Thai). **NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC No.77, December 2007.** Bangkok : Amarin Printing And Publishing Public Company Limited, p.57\n71. ↑ Wararat; Sumit (February 23, 2012). \"The Great Series\". *Banknotes > History and Series of Banknotes > Banknotes, Series 12*. Bank of Thailand. June 7, 2013 khòaⁿ--ê. 20 Baht Back—Notification Date November 2, 1981 Issue Date December 28, 1981\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Anthony Webster. *Gentleman Capitalists: British Imperialism in Southeast Asia 1770–1890*. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1-86064-171-7.\n* Bertil Lintner. *Blood Brothers: The Criminal Underworld of Asia*. Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 1-4039-6154-9.\n* Carl Parkes. *Moon Handbooks: Southeast Asia 4 Ed*. Avalon Travel Publishing. ISBN 1-56691-337-3.\n* Chris Baker, Pasuk Phongpaichit. *A History of Thailand*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-81615-7.\n* Chula Chakrabongse, Prince. *Lords of Life : A History of the Kings of Thailand*. Alvin Redman Limited.\n* Damrong Rajanubhab, Prince (1920). *The Thais Fight the Burmese* (ēng Thài-kok-gí). Matichon. ISBN 978-974-02-0177-9.\n* David K. Wyatt. *Thailand: A Short History*. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03582-9. ; Siamese/Thai history and culture–Part 4\n* Donald K. Swearer (2004). *Becoming the Buddha: The Ritual of Image*. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-11435-8.\n* Editors of Time Out. *Time Out Bangkok: And Beach Escapes*. Time Out. ISBN 1-84670-021-3. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)\n* Gary G. Hamilton (2006). *Commerce and Capitalism in Chinese Societies*. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-15704-8.\n* Nidhi Eoseewong (2007). *Commerce and Capitalism in Chinese Societies* (ēng Thài-kok-gí). Matichon. ISBN 978-974-02-0177-9.\n* Paul M. Handley. *The King Never Smiles*. London : Country Life. ISBN 0-300-10682-3.\n* Prida Sichalalai. (December 1982). \"The last year of King Taksin the Great\". *Arts & Culture Magazine*, (3, 2).\n* Rong Syamananda (1990). *A History of Thailand*. Chulalongkorn University. ISBN 974-07-6413-4.\n* Thomas J. Barnes. *Tay Son: Rebellion in 18th Century Vietnam*. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 0-7388-1818-6.\n* W.A.R. Wood (1924). *A History of Siam*. Chiengmai.\n* William B. Dickinson (1966). *Editorial Research Reports on World Affairs*. Congressional Quarterly.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Taksin*** |\n\n* King Taksin the Great—Saviour of the Thai Nation\n* Royal Thai Navy Headquarters, Phra Racha Wang Derm\n* phrachaokrungthon.com\n* KING TAKSIN DAY Ministry of Culture, Thailand.\n* King Taksin rides again\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| **Taksin** |\n| Chiap-sio̍kEkkathat(*Ayutthaya ông*) | **Siam-lô kok-ông**1767 nî–1782 nî | Kè-sio̍kPhuttha Yotfa Chulalok (Rama 1-sè)(*Rattanakosin ông*) |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nThài-kok kok-ông |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Sukhothai Ông-kok(1238–1438) | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Phra Ruang Ông-tiâu | \n* Sri Indraditya\n* Ban Mueang\n* Ram Khamhaeng\n* Loe Thai\n* Ngua Nam Thum\n* Maha Thammaracha 1-sè (Lithai)\n* Maha Thammaracha 2-sè (Lue Thai)\n* Maha Thammaracha 3-sè (Sai Lue Thai)\n* Maha Thammaracha 4-sè (Borommapan)\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Ayutthaya Ông-kok(1350–1767) | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Uthong Ông-tiâu | \n* Ramathibodi 1-sè (Uthong)\n* Ramesuan\n* Ramrachathirat\n\n |\n| |\n| Suphannaphum Ông-tiâu | \n* Borommarachathirat 1-sè (Khun Luang Pa Ngua)\n* Thong Lan\n* Intha Racha\n* Borommarachathirat 2-sè (Chao Sam Phraya)\n* Borommatrailokkanat\n* Borommarachathirat 3-sè (Borommaracha)\n* Ramathibodi 2-sè (Chettha)\n* Borommarachathirat 4-sè (No Phutthangkun)\n* Ratsadathirat\n* Chairachathirat\n* Yotfa\n* Worawongsathirat (cheng-gī)\n* Maha Chakkraphat\n* Mahinthrathirat\n\n |\n| |\n| Sukhothai Ông-tiâu | \n* Sanphet 1-sè (Maha Thammarachathirat)\n* Sanphet 2-sè (Naresuan)\n* Sanphet 3-sè (Ekathotsarot)\n* Sanphet 4-sè (Si Saowaphak)\n* Borommaracha 1-sè (Songtham)\n* Borommaracha 2-sè (Chetthathirat)\n* Athittayawong\n\n |\n| |\n| Prasat Thong Ông-tiâu | \n* Sanphet 5-sè (Prasat Thong)\n* Sanphet 6-sè (Chai)\n* Sanphet 7-sè (Si Suthammaracha)\n* Ramathibodi 3-sè (Narai)\n\n |\n| |\n| Ban Phlu Luang Ông-tiâu | \n* Phetracha\n* Sanphet 8-sè (Suriyenthrathibodi)\n* Sanphet 9-sè (Thai Sa)\n* Borommarachathirat 5-sè (Borommakot)\n* Borommarachathirat 6-sè (Uthumphon)\n* Borommaracha 3-sè (Ekkathat)\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Thonburi Ông-kok(1767–1782) | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Thonburi Ông-tiâu | \n* Borommaracha 4-sè (Taksin)\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Rattanakosin Ông-kok / Thài-kok(1782–taⁿ) | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Chakri Ông-tiâu | \n* Phuttha Yotfa Chulalok (Rama 1-sè)\n* Phuttha Loetla Naphalai (Rama 2-sè)\n* Nangklao (Rama 3-sè)\n* Mongkut (Rama 4-sè)\n* Chulalongkorn (Rama 5-sè)\n* Vajiravudh (Rama 6-sè)\n* Prajadhipok (Rama 7-sè)\n* Ananda Mahidol (Rama 8-sè)\n* Bhumibol Aduyadej (Rama 9-sè)\n* Maha Vajiralongkorn (Rama 10-sè)\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Thài-kok kok-ông lia̍t-toaⁿ |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 57877764\n* LCCN: n78083246\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 9044 0907\n* GND: 119022648\n* SUDOC: 07240017X\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Taksin","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[9047,32551,0.27793308961322233],"infobox":["
    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    Taksin Tāi-tè
    สมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช
    \nBoromraja 4-sè
    \n
    Siam-lô kok-ông
    Chāi-ūi\n1767 nî 12 goe̍h 28 ji̍t – 1782 nî 4 goe̍h 6 ji̍t
    Tài-koan-sek\n1767 nî 12 goe̍h 28 ji̍t
    Chêng-jīm\nEkkathat (Ayutthaya Ông-kok)
    Kè-jīm\nPhuttha Yotfa Chulalok (Rattanakosin Ông-kok)
    Jī-ông\nInthraphithak
    Phoè-ngó͘\nBatboricha
    Kiáⁿ-jî\n30 kiáⁿ-jî
    Ông-sek\nThonburi Ông-tiâu
    Lāu-pē\nYong Saetae
    Lāu-bú\nNok-lang (Phithak Thephamat)
    Chhut-sì\n1734 nî 4 goe̍h 17 ji̍t(1734-04-17)
    Ayutthaya Ông-kok Ayutthaya
    Kòe-sin\n1782 nî 4 goe̍h 7 ji̍t (47 hòe)
    Thonburi Ông-kok Thonburi Phra Racha Wang Derm
    Chong-kàu\nHu̍t-kàu
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":38675}} -{"text":"\n**Lâu Chheng-hûn**（1894 nî 9 goe̍h 14 hō – 1982 nî 3 goe̍h 9 hō），sió-miâ **Chú-teng**，sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi kap Chiàn-āu sî-kî ê chok-ka. Tâi-lâm bōng-cho̍k chhut-sin, chū tiong-o̍h sî-tāi khai-sí liû-ha̍k Ji̍t-pún, Khèng-èng Gī-sio̍k tāi-ha̍k chut-gia̍p, tī liû-ha̍k kî-kan kái sìn Ki-tok-kàu. Tù-chok ū《LÔ HOA KÁI-CHŌ THÓNG-IT SU-HĀN-BÛN》、《Tāi-ha̍k Cheng-siông》kap《Thian-kok Ò-pì Choân Chiàu-siā》téng chheh.\n\nSeng-peng\n---------\n\nLâu Chheng-hûn, Tâi-lâm bōng-cho̍k chhut-sin, sī Lâu Sūi-san ê tōa-kiáⁿ, siⁿ-bó si Lâu Chiā Chiū. Seng-tióng tī chhim-sìn Ki-tok-kàu ê ka-têng tiong, sè-hàn ê sî tī Thài-pêng-kéng Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-lo-kàu-hōe hù-sio̍k sió-ha̍k tha̍k-chheh. 1907 nî chìn-ji̍p Tâi-lâm Tiúⁿ-lo-kàu-hōe tiong-o̍h. Tī Tióng-êng tiong-o̍h kî-kan, Lâu Chheng-hûn sêng-chek siat-thái-hó, tī 1909 nî Saⁿ-nî-kip ē-pòaⁿ-nî 「chóng-kiat-khó」ê sî, í 97 hun（ki̍p-keh hun-sò͘ 70）ê ko-hun sūn-lī chiâⁿ-chòe sì-nî-kip seng. 1910 nî chiân-óng Ji̍t-pún kiû-ha̍k. 1912 nî sòng bú. Ùi Ji̍t-pún Kiaⁿ-to͘ Tông-chì-siā tiong-ha̍k phó͘-thong-pō͘ chut-gia̍p liáu-āu, tī 1915 nî chìn-ji̍p Khèng-èng Gī-sio̍k tāi-ha̍k tha̍k-chheh. 1920 nî Sèng-tàn-chiat, Lâu Chheg-hûn tī Tang-kiaⁿ Lêng-lâm-pán Ki-tok kàu-hōe, ùi 小崎弘道（こざき ひろみち） bo̍k-su niá sóe-lé ji̍p-kàu. 1921 nî, chhú-tit Khèng-èng Gī-sio̍k tāi-ha̍k lí-châi ha̍k-sū. Liû-ha̍k kî-kan, Lâu Chheng-hûn kap sió-mōe Lâu Siù-khîm ê ha̍k-ché 本目貞（Lâu Cheng） se̍k-sāi, tong-sî 本目貞 tng-leh thak Tang-kiaⁿ Ki-tok-kàu só͘ chhòng-pān ê Chheng-san Lú ha̍k-īⁿ Eng-bûn-kho. 1922 nî, nn̄g lâng tī Tang-kiaⁿ Lêng-lâm-pán Ki-tok-kàu-hōe kiat-hun. Hun-āu, Lâu Chheng-hûn tńg-lâi Tâi-oân hia̍p-chō͘ lāu-pē keng-êng ka-gia̍p, keng-êng Sam-to siong-hōe, chiông-sū si̍t-gia̍p, āu-lâi tam-jīm Lâu--ka Hô-goân lông-tiûⁿ koán-lí-jîn 20 gōa nî. Lēng-gōa iā bat jīm Tâi-lâm-chhī Kàu-io̍k úi-oân、Tâi-lâm-chhī Hia̍p-gī hōe-oân téng kong-chit. 1924 nî, Lâu Chheng-hûn khí chi̍t-tòng nn̄g-chàn-lâu Eng-kokh-sek ê iûⁿ-lâu, pí-phēng tong-sî ê Tâi-lâm-chiu Ti-sū koaⁿ-tí.\n\n1925 nî, Lâu Chheng-hûn ēng Pe̍h-ōe-jī chiàu Ē-mn̂g-ōe gú-im, phian-choàn kap chhut-pán《LÔ HOA KÁI-CHŌ THÓNG-IT SU-HĀN-BÛN》chit-pún chheh, kiōng 513 ia̍h, lōe-iông sī Lô-má-jī kap Hàn-jī pēng-iōng ê tùi-chiàu-bûn, sī chi̍t pō͘ choān-siá Hàn-bûn Su-hān-bûn ê chí-lâm ēng chheh. 1942 nî, chhut-pán《Tāi-ha̍k Cheng-siông》, í Hàn-bûn、Ji̍t-bûn kap Pe̍h-ōe-jī cheng-kóe 《Tāi-ha̍k》, kiōng 48 ia̍h. Tī che í-āu, Lâu Chheng-hûn choán-chòe khûn-tha̍k 《Sèng-keng》, tī 1965 nî 12 goe̍h Sèng-tàn kî-kan hoat-piáu《Ia-so͘ sī siáng？》. 1970 nî, oân-sêng Sèng-su tê-tián《Thian-kok Ò-pì Choân-chiàu-siā》Siōng-koàn, āu-lâi tī 1978 nî oân-sêng chit-pún-chheh ê hā-koàn, kè-kiōng 10,179 tê-sèng.\n\nKa-têng\n-------\n\n* Bó͘：本目 貞（Lâu Cheng）\n\t+ Tióng-lú：Lâu Khèng-lí（bat kái-miâ 邦室慶子）\n\t+ Tōa-kiáⁿ：Lâu Kóe-chō\n\t+ Tē-jī hāu-siⁿ：Lâu Kek-sin（bat kài sìⁿ 邦室）\n\t+ Tē-saⁿ hāu-siⁿ：Lâu I̍t-bîn（bat kài sìⁿ 邦室）\n\t+ Ban-á-kiáⁿ：Lâu Pī-sè（bat kài sìⁿ 邦室）\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* LÔ HOA KÁI-CHŌ THÓNG-IT SU-HĀN-BÛN－Tâi-gí-bûn Kì-ekIa̍h-bīn tshûn tóng pī-hūn","meta":{"title":"Lâu Chheng-hûn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[318,3029,0.10498514361175305],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3494}} -{"text":"\n**Smangus** (Hôa-gí: 司馬庫斯) sī Tâi-oân Tayal-cho̍k ê 1 ê pō·-lo̍k siā-khu, tī Sin-tek-koān Chiam-chio̍h-hiong, hái-poat 1500 kong-chhioh ê soaⁿ-tē. Oá-kīn Thô-hn̂g, Gî-lân ê piⁿ-kài. In-ūi tn̂g-kî kau-thong bô lī-piān, Smangus hō· lâng jīn-ûi sī Tâi-oân siāng phian-phiah ê goân-chū-bîn pō·-lo̍k.\n\nTī 2004 nî in chham-khó Í-sek-lia̍t ê *kibbutz* ūn-tōng, khai-sí chhì kiâⁿ kong-siā ê siā-khu keng-chè cho·-chit.\n\nSmangus chit ê miâ kì-liām chū-bîn ê 1 ūi chó·-sian, hō·-chò Mangus, sī 1 khoán chun-chheng.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSmangus sio̍k-î Tayal-cho̍k ê Mrqwang hun-ki. Tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi, Mrqwang bat hām lēng-gōa 1 ê hun-ki Knazi hoat-seng chiàn-cheng.\n\nChiàn-hóe hoa--khì liáu-āu, Smangus sóa khì tī (抬耀) pō·-lo̍k. Āu--lâi koh phoè-ha̍p Ji̍t-pún chèng-chhek sóa khì Sin-lo̍k-chhoan (新樂村) (拉號) pō·-lo̍k kap Chiáu-chhùi (鳥嘴) pō·-lo̍k.\n\nChiàn-āu in poaⁿ tńg khì goân-hiong. Hit tah hām gōa-kài kau-thong bô lī-piān. Kiâⁿ-kha kúi-nā-tiám-cheng chiah ē-tit kàu Sin-kong Pō·-lo̍k (新光), tī hia liân-lo̍k gōa-kài he̍k-chiá bé-bē, kau-oāⁿ bu̍t-chu. 1979 nî khai-sí ū khan tiān-khì, m̄-koh kàu-kah 1995 nî-té chiah ū chhut-ji̍p ê lō·.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nSmangus ê jîn-kháu iok-lio̍k 135 lâng, chha-put-to lóng Tayal-lâng. In chú-iàu sī Ki-tok-kàu-tô·. Kàu-hōe sio̍k-î Tâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hōe Tayal Tiong-hōe. 2004 nî hit-chām-á thâu-lâng sī 1-ūi Icyh Sulong (69-hòe). In kóng ê Tayal-gú sī squliq hong-giân. Siàu-liân-lâng ū teh sú-iōng bó-gú.\n\nSiā-khu keng-chè\n----------------\n\nPhah-la̍h kap phut-sio lông-gia̍p (*slash-and-burn*) sī in thoân-thóng ê keng-chè hoat-tō·.\n\nĀu--lâi (1991 nî) ū cho̍k-lâng hoat-kiàn Smangus khah tang ū 1 tah choân sī tōa-châng \"sîn-bo̍k\". Thong-lō· liáu-āu koan-kong-kheh ke chin chē. Mā khai-sí ū gōa-tē lâng khì hia beh bé thó·-tē. Siàu-liân-pòe khai-sí lī-khui khì kàu gōa-tē chia̍h thâu-lō·. Pō·-lo̍k seng-oa̍h ū tōa kái-piàn. \n\nChoè-kīn kúi-nî Tâi-oân khai-sí sî-kiâⁿ seng-thài koan-kong. Smangus 1 lé-pài ū kúi-nā-pah ê gōa-tē lâng khì in hia him-sióng sîn-bo̍k kiam liáu-kái, thé-giām Tayal-cho̍k ê seng-oa̍h. Smangus phoè-ha̍p chit ê tiâu-liû, hoat-tián koan-kong-gia̍p. In tī 1990 nî-tāi bóe-kî khai-sí khí pia̍t-chong hō· koan-kong-kheh tòa. M̄-koh in lōe-pō· tùi chia ê hoat-tián ū cheng-gī. Ū lâng hoan-ló chhù-piⁿ-keh-piah ē ūi keng-chè lī-ek sio-tak, tì-tio̍h chèⁿ su hit hong kā chó·-tē bē hō· gōa-tē lâng. Tī 2004 nî in 1 tīn thâu-lâng hóng-mn̄g Í-sek-lia̍t, beh liáu-kài hia ê Iû-thài-lâng án-choáⁿ hoa̍t-lo̍h in ê *kibbutz* siā-khu. In koat-tēng tī thoân-thóng ê pō·-lo̍k seng-oa̍h chit ê ki-chhó· téng-koân, ē-sái koh chìn-1-pō· siat-kè kong-ke châi-sán ê chè-tō·.\n\nHiān-chhú-sî tōa-lâng pài-1kàu pài-5 chò-kang (khó-pí kóng chí-chia̍h, siu-lí lō·), pài-5 hioh-khùn, pài-6, lé-pài ho̍k-bū koan-kong-kheh. Ta̍k-ê sêng-jîn ē-tàng pun Tâi-phiò 1-bān-kho· ê goe̍h-kip. Chia̍h-mi̍h, i-liâu, ha̍k-hùi téng-téng ê khai-siau lóng tùi kong-ke ê hō·-thâu chi-chhut. Ū 3 ke Smangus-lâng tùi gōa-tē tńg khì hia khiā-khí; éng-kòe m̄-bat ū lâng poaⁿ tńg khì.\n\nSmangus kìm-chiú, koan-kong-kheh kāng-khoán bē-sái lim chiú. In beh phiah-bián pa̍t-ūi goân-chū-bîn siā-khu tú--tio̍h ê chiú-cheng tiòng-to̍k chit ê siā-hōe būn-tê. Kìm-chiú ê lí-iû chi̍t-pō·-hūn mā tòe Ki-tok-kàu ê thoân-thóng.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Goân-chū-bîn Úi-oân-hōe ê Smangus chām\n* Smangus Pō·-lo̍k Hoat-tián Hia̍p-hōe\n* AFP ê sin-bûn pò-tō.\n* *Tâi-pak Sî-pò* ê pò-tō","meta":{"title":"Smangus","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[119,3294,0.03612629022465088],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3859}} -{"text":"**Saⁿ ê Tāi-piáu** ia̍h-sī kiò chò **Saⁿ chiah Tāi-piáu** he̍k-chiá **San kò Tāi-piáu**, sī Kang Te̍k-bîn tī 2000 nî 2 goe̍h 25 ji̍t thê-chhut ê chi̍t ê chí-tō su-sióng. Chia su-sióng tī 2004 nî hō͘ siá ji̍p *Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng Chiong-thêng* kap *Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hiàn-hoat*, choân-miâ kiò chò **\"San kò Tāi-piáu\" Tiōng-iàu Su-sióng**.\n\n \n\nKang Tiat-bîn ê \"Saⁿ-ê Toān\" siū-sióng gôan-iû Khái Ar Marx ê gôan-chheng \"Choe̍k-phoàn-lūn\" Thài-sann kiò Eng-bûn siáu-sîng. Kang Tiat-bîn ê \"Saⁿ-ê Toān\" siū-sióng āi-lâi ê kái-sik, tsuī-nn̄g sī ū Phit-tsù-pō͘ Tāi-ha̍k keng-chè-ha̍k pau-si-sing Sû Thiâm-kheng lāi 1984 nî huat-kiàn ê, i tī gôan Eng-bûn bûn-thâi kap Lénin tshián-phóe ê Tiong-bûn chi̍h-pún \"Choe̍k-phoàn-lūn\" chiáⁿ-kiōng tē-á tē hūn-tī it-chit bûn-iānn chiú. Sû Thiâm-kheng āi-lâi sī Se-aⁿ Tāi-io̍k Tāi-ha̍k ê keng-chè-ha̍k kàu-jiā. Sû Thiâm-kheng sī Ong Hô͘-níng kap Lâu-ket chē ho̍k-sek ê sī-kia̍h, 1995 nî, i ê ông-chiòn liāu Ong Hô͘-níng tho̍at-lūn liáu chit-lāi lī, tāi Ong Hô͘-níng sī Tiong-tiong Chèng-chit Ián-sī ê sêng-ê, āu-lâi tshiāⁿ iú sió-siáⁿ ê tāi-nâi bûn-lio̍k tī hong-hūn tiāu-sek ê tōng nāi bô-hong-iông.\n\nLoē-iông\n--------\n\n* Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tio̍h it-ti̍t tāi-piáu Tiong-kok sian-chìn siā-hoē seng-sán-le̍k ê hoat-tián iau-kiû;\n* Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tio̍h it-ti̍t tāi-piáu Tiong-kok sian-chìn bûn-hoà ê chìn-pō͘ hong-hiòng;\n* Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tio̍h it-ti̍t tāi-piáu Tiong-kok choè chē jîn-bîn ê ki-pún lī-ek.\n\nKoh khoàⁿ\n---------\n\n* Mô͘ Te̍k-tong Su-sióng\n* Tēng Siáu-pêng Lí-lūn\n* Kho-ha̍k Hoat-tián Koan","meta":{"title":"Saⁿ ê Tāi-piáu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[376,1514,0.24834874504623514],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1788}} -{"text":"**Gîn-hâng suè** (bank tax) hi̍k-tsiá **gîn-hâng khiò-suè** (bank levy) sī tī 2007-08 nî kim-iông guî-ki puē-kíng hā thó-lūn ê tuì gîn-hâng ting-siu ê suè.Gîn-hâng suè sī tuì kim-iông ki-kòo ê hong-hiám tsu-pún ting-siu ê, bî pau-kuat liân-pang pó-hiám tsûn-khuán, bo̍k-tik sī tsóo-tsí gîn-hâng sîng-tam bô pit-iàu ê hong-hiā. Gîn-hâng suè sī tsiam-tuì tsió-sòo king-giām hong-hù ê la̍p-suè jîn ting-siu ê, pīng-bô ti̍k-pia̍t phái liáu-kái. Gîn-hâng suè ē-tàng iōng-lâi té-siau bo̍k-tsiân suè-siu hē-thóng tuì gîn-hâng ê kok-tsióng póo-thiap hong-sik; pí-jû khàu-tû put-liông tāi-khuán tsún-pī-kim (貸款準備金), iân-tî tuì kok-guā siu--tio̍h ê lī-sik ting-suè, í-ki̍p siu-kòo kî-thann gîn-hâng, pīng-tshiánn lī-iōng i-ê sún-sit té-siau bī-lâi ê lîng-li̍k siu-ji̍p. Uānn-kù-uē-kóng, gîn-hâng suè sī 2008-nî kim-iông guî-ki liáu-āu iōng-teh kiù-tsōo tuā-hîng gîn-hâng ê la̍p-suè jîn tsu-kim ê sió-gia̍h pò-siau; pīng-tshiánn king-kuè tsing-sim siat-kè, kan-na tsiam-tuì tsi̍t-kuá-á hông jīn-uî \"Tuā-kah bē-īng-eh tó\" (too big to fail) ê ki-kòo.\n\nTī 2010-nî 4-gue̍h 16-ji̍t, kok-tsè huè-pè ki-kim tsoo-tsit (IMF) thê-tshut sann-tsióng khó-lîng ê ìng-tuì guî-ki ê hong-àn; tsia ê hong-àn sī ìng G20 líng-tō jîn tsá-sian tī 2009-nî 9-gue̍h G20 Pittsburgh hong-huē tíng-kuân thê-tshut ê iau-kiû, iau-kiû tsi̍t-hūn tiâu-tsa pò-kò ìng-tuì guî-ki ê suán-ti̍k. Kok-tsè huè-pè ki-kim tsoo-tsit suán-ti̍k tsi-tshî \"kim-iông ún-tīng kòng-hiàn\" (FSC) suán-hāng, tsiânn-tsē muî-thé kā i kiò-tsò \"gîn-hâng suè\". Teh kok-tsè huè-pè ki-kimtsoo-tsit ê pò-kò tsiân-āu, koh-kok ling-to-jîn tsiū tsit tsióng \"gîn-hâng suè\" ing-kai sī tsuân-kiû sìng ê iah-sī puànn tsuân-kiû sìng ê, hi̍k-tsiá i kám-sī ing-kai kan-na sik-iōng teh bóo tsi̍t-kuá-á kok-ka tsìn-hîng siong-tong tuā ê piān-lūn.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Avi-Yonah, Reuven S. (2011-01-31). \"Taxation as Regulation: Carbon Tax, Health Care Tax, Bank Tax and Other Regulatory Taxes\". *Accounting, Economics, and Law* (ēng Eng-gí). **1** (1). doi:10.2202/2152-2820.1008. ISSN 2152-2820.\n2. ↑ Richard T. Page, \"Foolish Revenge or Shrewd Regulation? Financial-Industry Tax Law Reforms Proposed in the Wake of the Financial Crisis?\" 85 Tul. L. Rev. 191 (2010).\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Financial Crisis Responsibility Fee\n* Capital levy\n* Currency transaction tax\n* Financial transaction tax\n* List of G-20 summits\n* Robin Hood tax\n* Spahn tax\n* Tobin tax\n* Transfer tax\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Factbox: European countries imposing windfall taxes on banks | Reuters\n* Taxation of banking - House of Commons Library\n* Bank Franchise Tax | Virginia Tax","meta":{"title":"Gîn-hâng sòe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[614,2376,0.25841750841750843],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2815}} -{"text":"\n \n\n**Tông-bêng-kok** (Tâi-oân-ōe Hàn-jī/Hôa-gí: **同盟國**; Eng-gí: Allies of World War II; Lō͘-se-a-gí: Антигитлеровская коалиция; Hoat-gí: Alliés de la Seconde Guerre mondiale) sī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn po̍k-hoat liáu-āu, sè-kài siōng siōng-bóe ū 57 ê kok-ka ūi-tio̍h beh té-khòng Chhia-sim-kok ê chhim-lio̍k só͘ cho͘-sêng ê liân-bêng, sī kah Chhia-sim-kok te̍k-tùi ê tīn-iâⁿ.\n\nTông-bêng-kok ê hái-pò. Bīn-téng siá ê sī \"Liân-ha̍p-kok\"\n\nTiong-hôa Bîn-kok\n-----------------\n\nTiong-hôa Bîn-kok ê kok-kî\nTiong-hôa Bîn-kok sī Jî-chhú Tāi-chiàn tiong Tiong-bêng-kok ê chi̍t kha, i ê léng-thó͘ sī Tiong-ji̍t Chiàn-cheng ê chú-iàu chiàn-tiûⁿ chi-it. Chū-chiông 1937 nî Lô͘-kau-kiô Sū-piàn hoat-seng, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kok-bîn Chèng-hú Kun-sū Úi-oân-hōe úi-oân-tiúⁿ Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k tī kâng-nî 7 goe̍h 31 hoat-piáu *Kò Khòng-chiàn Choân-thé Chiòng-sū Su*, soan-pò͘ kah Ji̍t-pún choân-bīn sio-chiàn, m̄-koh 1941 nî Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Chiàn-cheng po̍k-hoat í-chêng, Tiong-kok oân-á tī Au-chiu ko͘-kunhùn-chiàn.1941 nî 12 goe̍h, Ji̍t-pún hoat-khí Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Chiàn-cheng, kâng-nî 12 goe̍h chhe-9 Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kok-bîn Chèng-hú chú-se̍k Lîm Sim hoat-pò͘ *Kok-bîn Chèng-hú tùi Ji̍t-pún Soan-chiàn Pò͘-kò*, khiā-sǹg-kóng Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok koh-chài ì chèng-sek kong-kò ê hông-sek tùi Ji̍t-pún soan-chiàn, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok úi hit-sî khai-sí kah Bí-kok,Eng-kok kiat-bêng, kiōng-tông tùi Ji̍t-pún, Tek-kok kap Ì-tāi-lī saⁿ ê Chhia-sim-kok sio-chiàn. Tiong-ji̍t Chiàn-cheng chū-án-ne chèng-sek chiàn-chò Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn.\n\nEng-kok\n-------\n\nEng-kok ê kok-kî\nKeng-le̍k München Hia̍p-tēng, Sudetenland būn-tê téng-téng sio-liân-sòa ê gōa-kau sū-kiāⁿ í-āu, Eng-kok kap Pho-lân chō-sêng kun-sū tóng-bêng, pēng-chhiáⁿ pó-chiong Pho-lân to̍k-li̍p. Tòe-bóe Pho-lân Chiàn-e̍k po̍k-hoat, ūi-tio̍h beh chóng-tóng Tek-kok chhim-lio̍k Pho-lân, Eng-kok kap Hoat-kok hiòng Tek-kok soan-chiàn, Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn úi chhia po̍k-hoat. Tōa-pō͘-hūn Au-chiu Kok-ka lûn-hām liáu-āu, Eng-kok kap Eng-liân-pang ê sêng-oân-kok kian-chhî--lo̍h-khì, kè-sio̍k kah Chhia-sim-kok sio-chiàn, jî-chhiáⁿ tī Pak Hui-chiu kah Tāi-se-iûⁿ, Eng-kok mā chiâⁿ-chò Au-chiu tē-khu chió-sò͘ ē-tàng kè-sio̍k hoán-khòng Tek-kun ji̍p-chhim ê chú-iàu bú-le̍k chi-it.\n\nSo͘-liân\n--------\n\nSo͘-liân ê kok-kî\n\nBí-kok\n------\n\nBí-kok ê kok-kî\n*\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\nChham-kiàn\n----------\n\n \n\n1. ↑\n2. ↑\n3. ↑\n4. ↑\n\n1. ↑ 其中5个从轴心国倒戈","meta":{"title":"Tông-bêng-kok (Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[810,3111,0.26036644165863065],"infobox":["\n
    Tông-bêng-kok
    \n1939 nî–1945 nî
    \n\"The
    The Big Three:\n\n
    \n
    \n
    Liû-bông chèng-hú:\n\n
    \n
    \n
    Kî-thaⁿ:\n\n
    \n
    \n
    Piàn-chiat ê Chhia-sim-kok\n\n
    Tē-ūi\nKun-sū tóng-bêng
    Siú-to͘\nWashington, D.C. (Bí-kok)
    Moscow (So͘-liân)
    Tiông-khèng (Tiong-kok)
    London (Eng-kok)
    Le̍k-sú sî-kî\nTē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn
    • Eng-kok- Pho-lân kun-sū tóng-bêng
    		\n1939 nî 3 goe̍h 31
    \n1941 nî 3 goe̍h 11
    • Pang-hoāi
    		\n1945 nî 10 goe̍h 24
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2742}} -{"text":"\n**Thian piàn té tshau** (hàn-gú: 天變邸抄; ing-gú: Heaven change Di chao) sī 1626-nî (Bîng-tiau Bîng Hi-tsong Thian-khé 6-nî tāi-iok 5-gue̍h kî-kan) teh Tiong-kok Pak-kiann tsi̍t-hun iû bîn-kan pò-pâng pian-tsip huat-hîng ê té pò. Luē-iông tsi̍p-tiong pò-tō kâng-nî 5-gue̍h 30-ji̍t (Thian-khé píng-în 5-gue̍h tshe 6) po̍k-huat ê Ông-kiong-tshióng tuā-po̍k-tsà [zh].\n\nBîng-tshing ên-khì\n------------------\n\n\"Thian piàn té tshau\" sì jī sī-iû siu-lo̍k-tsiá ka-kī thinn-ka lo̍h--khì ê, iōng-ì sī uī-tio̍h pò-tō Ông-kiong-tshióng tsai-piàn siông-tsîng ê \"té tshau\". \"Thian piàn\" (天變) it-sû guân-î tong-sî ê tsit-tiâu siōng-ū (上諭), sī in-uī Ông-kiong-tshióng tshióng-tsai po̍k-huat tú-tú-á hó tú-tio̍h Bîng-tiau tsìng-kio̍k bô ún-tīng ê sî-tsūn, sóo-í po̍k-tsà sū-kòo hông lí-kái tsò siōng-thian ê kíng-sī.\n\nBiâu-su̍t\n---------\n\nİû-î \"Thian piàn té tshau\" uī kok sú-liāu tang-tiong tuì Ông-kiong-tshióng tsai-tsîng pò-tō siōng siông-tsīn ê khan-bu̍t [en], phian-hok kīn sann-tshing jī, kì-lio̍k tsiânn-tsē ê sè-tsiat kap kū-thé ê tsîng-hóng, koh ka-siōng i-ê siá-huat sing-íng, tshut-hiān luī-sū kin-á-ji̍t ê tō-gú hām tó kim-jī-thah [en] ê kiat-kòo, iōng ín-giân suî-ê tián-khui, tē-tiám siōng iû kīn káu hn̄g, sî-kan siōng iû tong-ji̍t tong-sî tui-sòo tsiân-in, iân-sin hiō-kó, í-king kū-iú hiān-tāi sin-bûn siá-tsok ê pōo-hūn ti̍k-sik, in-tshú tsi̍t tshut-pán tō hong-hîng tsi̍t-sî, koh uī āu-sè ê gián-kiú-tsiá [en] kap sú-ha̍k-ka thê-kiong tāi-liōng ê tē-it-tshiú tsu-liāu [en], jî-lâi siū-tio̍h tiōng-sī, thui-tsông, tong-sî mā sióng-ting hit-tang-tsūn ê sin-bûn tshái-hóng, siá-tsok tsuí-pîng ta̍t-kàu it-tīng ê ko-tōo, iàu-sòo mā khah tsê-tsuân.\n\nGuân-kiānn piàn-tshian\n----------------------\n\n\"Thian piàn té tshau\" guân-lâi ê hit-hun pò-tsuá í-king bô tsûn-tsāi, m̄-ku Bîng-bua̍t Tshing-tshe ū bē-tsió bûn-jîn sóo-siá ê bûn-tsi̍p, pí-jū Kim Ji̍t-sing (金日升) ê \"Siōng thian lû pit\" (頌天臚筆), N̂g İo̍k (黃煜) ê \"Phik-hiat lio̍k\" (碧血錄), Kè Lio̍k-kî [zh] ê \"Bîng-kuì pok-lio̍k  [zh]\" (明季北略) tíng-tíng ê bûn-tsiunn tsheh-tsi̍k, lóng siu-lio̍k teh i-ê lāi-bûn án-ne tsiah ē-tàng lâi pó-tsûn lo̍h--lâi.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 方汉奇,\"\"报纸与历史研究(上/下) Archived 2010-01-20 at the Wayback Machine.\"\",全刊杂志在线阅读,retrieved on May 15,2016. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Ông-kiong-tshióng tuā-po̍k-tsà [zh]\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**天變邸抄** |\n\n* 天變邸抄--中國哲學書電子計畫 (Hàn-gí)\n* 天启大爆炸探秘（下）《天变邸抄》解读 (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Thian piàn té chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[497,2551,0.19482555860446885],"infobox":["
    Thian piàn té tshau
    Type\nTé pò ê tsuan-tê pò-tō
    Format\nTuā-pò [en]
    Owner(s)\nTsìng-hú tshut-pán
    Founded\n1626-nî 5-gue̍h kî-kan
    Language\nHàn-gú
    Headquarters\nTiong-kok Pak-kiann
    Country\nTiong-kok Bîng-tiau
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2816}} -{"text":"\n**Blessed Assurance** (ì-sù sī: \"siū chiok-hok--ê pó-chèng\"), sī tī 1873 nî, iû Bí-kok ki-tok-tô͘ Fanny Jane Crosby chok-sû, Phoebe Palmer Knapp chok-khek--ê ki-tok-kàu sèng-si. \n\nTâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hōe hoen-e̍k chò *Góa Sim Tōa Hoaⁿ-hí, Chú Tiàm Sin-piⁿ*.\n\nGoân-bûn ê sû kap khek\n----------------------\n\n \\relative d' { \\set Staff.midiInstrument = #\"flute\"\n \\key d \\major\n \\time 9/8\n \\partial 8*3 fis8 e d\n a'4. a g8 a b a2. a8 fis a d4. cis4 cis8 b a gis a2. \\bar \"\" \\break\n fis8 e d a'4. a g8 a b a2. d,8 e fis g4. e d8 e cis d2. \\bar \"\" \\break\n a'8 a a d4. a b8 b b a2. a8 a a b4. d cis8 cis b cis2. \\bar \"\" \\break\n cis8 d e d4. a b8 a b a2. d,8 e fis g4. e d8. e16 cis8 d2.\n \\bar \"|.\"\n }\n\\addlyrics {\\set stanza = #\"1. \"\n Bless -- ed as -- sur -- ance, Je -- sus is mine!\n O what a fore -- taste of glo -- ry di -- vine!\n Heir of sal -- va -- tion, pur -- chase of God,\n Born of His Spir -- it, washed in His blood.\n }\n\\addlyrics { \\set stanza = #\"2. \"\n Per -- fect sub -- mis -- sion, per -- fect de -- light!\n Vi -- sions of rap -- ture now burst on my sight;\n An -- gels de -- scend -- ing bring from a -- bove\n Ech -- oes of mer -- cy, whis -- pers of love.\n This is my sto -- ry, this is my song,\n prais -- ing my Sav -- ior all the day long;\n this is my sto -- ry, this is my song,\n prais -- ing my Sav -- ior all the day long.\n }\n\\addlyrics { \\set stanza = #\"3. \"\n Per -- fect sub -- mis -- sion, all is at rest!\n I in my Sav -- ior am hap -- py and blessed,\n Watch -- ing and wait -- ing, look -- ing a -- bove,\n Filled with His good -- ness, lost in His love.\n }\n 音訊播放在您的瀏覽器上不支援。您可以下載音訊檔。","meta":{"title":"Blessed Assurance","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,315,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1743}} -{"text":"Tiong-kok **Tiong-kok Jîn-bîn Kóng-pò· Tiān-tâi**, Eng-bûn miâ hō·-chòe **China National Radio** (sok-siá *CRN* ), sī Tiong-kok kok-ka kóng-pò· Tiān-tâi, Tiong-kok siōng tiōng-iàu, éng-hiàng-la̍t siōng tōa ê thôan-mûi chi-chi̍t, hām Tiong-kok Kok-chè Kóng-pò· Tiān-tâi, Tiong-kok Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi hō· lâng chò-hóe chheng-ho· chò \"Tiong-iong saⁿ tâi\".\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTiong-kok Tiong-iong Jîn-bîn Kóng-pò· Tiān-tâi, tī 1940 nî 12 go̍eh 30 hō khai-pān, hit-sî ê miâ-chheng sī *Iân-an Sin-hôa Kóng-pò· Tiān-tâi*, tâi-chí tī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng âng-sek chèng-kôan ê tiōng-iàu kin-kú-tōe Siám-sai-séng Iân-an-chhī.\n\n1949 nî 3 ge̍h 25 hō, Tiān-tâi poaⁿ khí Pak-pêng, siâng-sî mā kóe miâ hō·-chò **Pak-pêng Sin-hôa Kóng-pò· Tiān-tâi**, kāng chit nî 12 ge̍h 5 hō chèng-sek kiò-chò Tiong-iong Jîn-bîn Kóng-pò· Tiān-tâi.\n\nChiat-bo̍k pîn-tō kán-kài\n-------------------------\n\nHiān-chú-sî Tiong-kok Tiong-iong jîn-bîn Kóng-pò· Tiān-tâi lóng-chóng ū 8 ê pîn-tō, múi kang pò·-im 156 tiám-cheng, 8 thò chiat-bo̍k chôan-pō· chiūⁿ ōe-chheⁿ khì hòng-sàng. 8 thò chiat-bo̍k kok lâng ū kok lâng ê jīm-bū, sûi lâng ū sûi lâng ê hong-keh. \n\nTē-it thò chiat-bo̍k chú-iàu sī pò·-sàng chhām sin-bûn iú-koan ê chong-ha̍p-sèng chiat-bo̍k, ho̍k-bū ê tùi-siōng sī Tiong-kok kok-lāi, chôan-pō· iōng Hôa-gí pò·-im. \n\nTē-jī thò chiat-bo̍k ôan-á chôan-pō· sú-iōng Hôa-gú hoat-im, chú-tê sī pò·-sàng chhām keng-chèng, kho-ki, seng-o̍ah ho̍k-bū iú-koan ê chong-ha̍p-sèng chiat-bo̍k, ho̍k-bū ê tùi-siōng kāng-khóan chí-sī Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k. \n\nTē-saⁿ thò chiat-bo̍k chhái-iōng tiâu-pîn li̍p-thé-siaⁿ ê ki-su̍t, pò·-sàng bûn-gē chiat-bo̍k.\n\nTē-sì thò kah tē-peh thò chiat-bo̍k, sī sió-sò· bîn-cho̍k ê gú-giân kóng-pò·, sú-iōng Bông-kó·-gí, Se-chōng-gí, ûi-ngó·-ní-gí ( Uighur ), Ha-sat-khek-gí ( Kazak ), Hân-kok-gí ( Tiâu-sián-gí ) kah Hôa-gí chò pò·-im gí-giân.\n\nTē-gō· thò kah tē-la̍k thó chiat-bo̍k bo̍k-chiân tùi Tâi-ôan kóng-pò·.\n\nTē-chhit thò chiat-bo̍k hō·-chò Hôa-hā Chi-siaⁿ, chú-iàu tùi Hiong-káng, Ò-mn̂g kah Chu-kang Saⁿ-kak-chiu tē-khu hòng-sàng.\n\nKi-kò·\n------\n\nTiong-kok Tiong-iong Jîn-bîn Kóng-pò· Tiān-tâi lóng-chóng tiàm Tiong-kok kok séng, chhī, chū-tī-khu, kè-e̍k tan-lia̍t chhī, Hiang-káng, Ò-mn̂g téng só·-chāi siat 39 ê kì-chiá-chām kah pān-sū-chhù. Bo̍k-chiân í-keng chhām 40 gōa ê kok-ka kah tē-khu ê kóng-pò· ki-kò· kian-li̍p gia̍p-bū ha̍p-chok koan-hē.\n\nTiong-kok Tiong-iong Jîn-bîn Kóng-pò· Tiān-tâi sin--ê gia̍p-bū tāi-hā mā í-keng tī 1998 nî 6--go̍eh khai-aí lâi teh sú-iōng, taⁿ tiān-tâi ê kóng-pò· ki-su̍t í-keng si̍t-hiān ùi mô·-ní sìn-hō kàu sò·-mó· sìn-hō ê chóan-ōaⁿ. Sin--ê gia̍p-bū tāi-hā, chong-pī kài chiâu-chôan, kài sian-chìn. Taⁿ ū phòe-pī it-lia̍p-it ê gí-giân lio̍k-im-sek, bûn-gē lio̍k-im-sek, ián-pò·-thiaⁿ kah im-ga̍k-thiaⁿ. Kî-tiong ài sǹg im-ga̍k-thiaⁿ siōng-kài ko-tòng, sek-lāi lóng-chóng siat-kè 800 ê chē-ūi, lāi-té ê phòe-pī ū sè-kài chhut-miâ ê Organ pipe of German Ou Boehringer, i ê siat-kè phiau-chún, ē-sái kóng tī kok-lāi siōng pâi-chí, siōng lāi-koà.\n\nGia̍p-bū\n--------\n\nTiong-kok Tiong-iong Jîn-bîn Kóng-pò· Tiān-tâi tī-leh chò kóng-pò· chiat-bo̍k ê tiong-kan, ôan-á ná leh keng-êng kî-thaⁿ chhām kóng-pò· ū khian-liân ê sán-gia̍p, pau-koah Tiong-kok Kóng-pò· Im-siōng Chhut-pán-siā, Tiong-kok Kóng-pò·-pò (chiu-pò), Tiong-kok Kóng-pò· (cha̍p-chì, chiu-khan), Kok-chè Im-ga̍p Kau-liû (ge̍h-khan), Kóng-pò· Koa-sóan téng-téng chi̍t-tōa-bú ê chhut-pán-siā, pò-chóa kah cha̍p-chì, jî-chhiáⁿ koh chó·-kiàn Tiān-sī Chiat-bo̍k Chè-chok Tiong-sim. \n\nTiong-iong Jîn-bîn Kóng-pò· Tiān-tâi ū ka-kī ê bāng-chām, taⁿ tng-leh lī-iong bāng-lō· ki-su̍t khai-hoat sòaⁿ-téng kóng-pò·. Bo̍k-chiân í-keng chho·-pō· si̍t-hiān sòaⁿ-téng si̍t-sî kóng-pò·, hō·-tong kóng-pò· kah thiaⁿ-chiòng chek-sî tiàm-pò· téng-téng ê ho̍k-bū kong-lêng.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Tiong-iong Jîn-bîn Kóng-pò· Tiān-tâi Archived 2007-06-15 at the Wayback Machine. bāng-chām\n* Lí-hó Tâi-ôan Archived 2005-02-06 at the Wayback Machine. bāng-chām","meta":{"title":"Tiong-iong Jîn-bîn Kóng-pò͘ Tiān-tâi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[149,3897,0.0382345393892738],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4519}} -{"text":"\n**Tiuⁿ Kéng-lâm** (張景嵐; 1988 nî 9 goe̍h 3 ji̍t chhut-sì ) sī Tâi-oân ê cha-bó͘ gē-jîn, model, kiam ián-oân. I tī 2010 nî chham-ka Pó-le̍k-ta̍t Kong-si só͘ kí-pān ê cháu-chhōe \"Peng-hóe-sim-lú-hâi\" (冰火心女孩) bí-siàu-lú soán-poa̍t, chhú-tit \"Chhong-soat-hē\" (蒼雪系) cho͘-pia̍t ê koan-kun; liâm-mi i tiō hām model keng-chè kong-si chhiam-iok, chhut-tō chiâⁿ-chò gē-jîn.\n\nTiuⁿ Kéng-lâm chū sè-hàn tiō khai-sí ha̍k-si̍p bú-tō kap bí-su̍t téng-téng châi-gē. Chin jia̍t-ài bú-tâi piáu-ián ê i, tī tāi-ha̍k sî-tāi chiū-tho̍k siat-kè kho-hē ê sî-chūn, tiō lī-iōng khò-gōa sî-kan kiam-chit tam-jīm jî-tông châi-gē pan ê sian-siⁿ, kàu-siū bú-tō kap bí-su̍t. I lēng-gōa mā ū chham-ú kok-chióng soán-poa̍t oa̍h-tāng, cheng-chhú ián-chhut ê ki-hōe. Ka-ji̍p model keng-chè kong-si liáu-āu, tî-liáu tī 3C tián-tiûⁿ, ho̍k-chong hoat-piáu-hōe, kap pêng-bīn cha̍p-chì tam-jīm model, i mā siūⁿ-beh tiâu ián-gē-khoan lâi hoat-tián. I bat chham-ú kòe *Chong-gē Tāi-ko-tāi* (2011), *Kok-kong Pang-pang-bâng*, *Khong-hi Lâi Liáu* téng-téng tiān-sī chiat-bo̍k ê lio̍k-iáⁿ.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ 3年成宅男新寵！百變張景嵐擁10項才藝原想當老師 Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine.\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Chang Chin-lan*** |","meta":{"title":"Tiuⁿ Kéng-lâm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[460,1512,0.30423280423280424],"infobox":["
    Tiuⁿ Kéng-lâm
    \n\"Tiuⁿ
    Tiuⁿ Kéng-lâm ê hā-ji̍t gê-lâm chhiam-su-hōe
    Cha-bó͘ gē-jîn
    Goân-bûn miâ\n張景嵐
    Eng-bûn miâ\nLan
    Phian-miâ\nSió-lâm (小嵐)
    Kok-che̍k\n\"\" Tâi-oân
    Chhut-sì\n1988 nî 9 goe̍h 3 ji̍t （1988-09-03）(35 hòe)
    Tâi-pak-chhī
    Chit-gia̍p\nModel, gē-jîn, ián-oân
    Kàu-io̍k\nKok-li̍p Tâi-oân Gē-su̍t Tāi-ha̍k
    Oa̍h-hiáⁿ sî-tāi\n2010 - taⁿ
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1418}} -{"text":"Firefox 1.0, Eng-gí pán\n**Mozilla Firefox** (chìn-chêng kiò chò **Phoenix**, **Mozilla Firebird**) sī Mozilla Ki-kim-hōe chhōa-thâu khai-hoat ê 1-ê bāng-lō· liû-lám-khì. **Firefox** ū lâng hoan-e̍k chò **Hóe-hô·-lî**. I hām khah chá khai-hoat ê Mozilla Suite sio-siâng, sī khai-hòng goân-má (*open source*) ê chū-iû nńg-thé (hí-khó-su iōng Mozilla Public License), chham-ú khai-hoat ê gī-kang kúi-nā-pah lâng. Firefox tī 2004 nî 11-goe̍h 9 chèng-sek tùi-gōa kong-khai 1.0 pán. Chóng--sī, chìn-chêng tō í-keng ū chē-chē mûi-thé tan-ūi, koan-chhat-ka o-ló. Firefox 1.0 tī 12 kang lāi tō hông lia̍h 5-pah-bān pái khah ke, ah tī 1 goe̍h-ji̍t ê sî-kan chi-lāi ū chhiau-kòe 1-chheng-bān pái ê hā-chài.\n\nFirefox siāng sin ê pán-pún sī 3.0 pán, 2008 nî 6 goe̍h 17 kong-khai. Kong-khai ê 24 tiám-chēng lāi phah-phoà kì-lio̍k, hông lia̍h chhiau-koè 8-pah-bān pái. \n\nFirefox 89\n\nKhai-hoat le̍k-sú\n-----------------\n\nChit ê kè-ōe pún-chiâⁿ sī Mozilla kè-ōe ê 1-ê chhì-giām-sèng ê hun-ki (Eng-gí: *branch*). Mozilla ê chi̍t-kóa-á khai-hoat-chiá kám-kak hit-ê kè-ōe kòe-thâu siū Netscape ê iau-kiû sok-pa̍k, sán-phín ê kong-lêng oân-ná thài chē-ê (chō-chiâⁿ nńg-thé-phòng), in choaⁿ-á koat-tēng khai-sí khai-hoat 1-ê khah sè, khah kín, tan-tan ū liû-lám-khì ê sin sán-phín, thâu-khí-sian hō-miâ *Phoenix* (hōng-hông-chiáu). Kàu taⁿ í-keng chiâⁿ-chò chéng-kô Mozilla khai-hoat ê chú-iàu hong-hiòng, àn-sǹg bī-lâi ē chhú-tāi bo̍k-chêng ê Mozilla sán-phín. Chá-kî ê khai-hoat-chiá sī Dave Hyatt kap Blake Ross; hiān-chú-sî sī Ben Goodger chhōa-thâu.\n\nŪ kúi-nā-ê liû-lám-khì oân-ná sú-iōng Mozilla ê Gecko pâi-pán iân-jín, khó-pí kóng Galeon, Epiphany, K-Meleon, Camino. Chóng--sī kan-na Firefox hām Mozilla sio siâng, lóng iōng XUL chit ê iōng-chiá kài-bīn gí-giân siat-kè kài-bīn. XUL ē-sái tī bô kāng pêⁿ-tâi, chok-gia̍p hē-thóng (OS) lāi-té sú-iōng, hong-piān lâng khok-chhiong kong-lêng, pau-koah oāⁿ chú-tê (phôe), tàu khok-chhiong-kiāⁿ.\n\nTe̍k-sek\n--------\n\nĒ-kha thó-lūn Firefox ê te̍k-sek. Kî-tiong pō·-hūn Mozilla Suite, Opera, Safari, téng-téng ê liû-lám-khì oân-ná ū.\n\nPhiau-chúnFirefox chhin-chhiūⁿ só·-ū ê Mozilla sán-phín, i àn-chiàu W3C ê WWW phiau-chún kiâⁿ, pau-koah chi-oān in ê (X)HTML, CSS kap MathML. CSS2 khah chē í-keng ū chi-oān; iáu teh chhiâu ê CSS3 phiau-chún mā ū pō·-hūn chi-oān. Firefox chi-oān ECMA/ISO ê JavaScript phiau-chún (ECMAScript). Chi-oān sin phiau-chún (SVG, APNG, XForms, téng-téng) ê khang-khòe tng teh chìn-hêng. Firefox tùi PNG chit ê tô·-hêng keh-sek ê chi-oān pí IE khah thàu-thiat, ū châi-tiāu chhú-lí thàu-bêng-tō· (*transparency*).\nAn-choân-sèngKàu taⁿ Firefox ê an-choân-sèng pí IE ke khah koân, hoat-kiàn ê nńg-thé-khang it-poaⁿ chiâⁿ kín tō siu-pó· hó-sè. An-choân kong-si Secunia.com 2004 nî 12 goe̍h 1 hō ê pò-kò hián-sī Firefox bô poàⁿ hāng bōe siu-pó· ê khang, ah IE iá ū 19 hāng.\nHun-ia̍h liû-lámFirefox ún-chún lâng tiàm kāng 1 ê thang-á khui kúi-nā-ê bāng-ia̍h. Chá-chêng ê Mozilla Suite tō ū hun-ia̍h liû-lám (*tabbed browsing*) ê kong-lêng; Firefox tùi hia sêng-sio̍k. Pán-pún 1.0 khai-sí ū thang kiông-chè só·-ū ê liân-kiat khui tī hun-ia̍h, mài khui sin thang-á.\nTiô-thang-á-tòngFirefox ū chó·-tòng tiô-thang-á (*pop-up*) ê hoat-tō·. I chū-pún siat-tēng ē tòng-tiâu só·-ū bāng-chām tōaⁿ--chhut-lâi ê tiô-thang-á. Iōng-chiá ē-iōng-tit siat 1 ê \"pe̍h-miâ-toaⁿ\" lia̍t chhut bô beh chó·-tòng ê chām, mā ē-sái oân-choân mài chó·-tòng. Firefox chá-kî tō ū tiô-thang-á-tòng chit ê phiat-pō·. IE kàu-kah Windows XP (SP2) chhut-lâi liáu-āu chiah ke chit khoán kong-lêng.\nLia̍h-tóng-àn hoa̍t-lo̍h-khìFirefox ùi 0.8-pán khai-sí ū 1 ê \"lia̍h-tóng-àn hoa̍t-lo̍h-khì\" (*download manager*). Chìn-chêng hām IE sio-siâng, kiàn lia̍h 1 kiāⁿ tō cháu chhut 1 sìⁿ thang-á chhut--lâi. Sin pān-hoat thóng-it hoa̍t-lo̍h. Bo̍k-chêng siāng tōa ê phoe-phêng sī che bô chi-oān *cross-session resuming* (tòng-tiām hā-chài liáu-āu koh chiap-sòa lia̍h ê hoat-tō·, jī-chhiáⁿ tiong-kan ē-sái kā liû-lám-khì koaiⁿ-tiāu); m̄-koh Firefox 3 kui ê hoa̍t-lo̍h-khì lóng têng siá--koè, tō ū chiap-soà lia̍h ê kong-lêng.\nOa̍h Su-chhiamThoân-thóng ê su-chhiam chū 1.0 PR khai-sí pìⁿ-chiâⁿ hoa̍t-lo̍h RSS/Atom \"chhī-liāu\" (*feed*) ê ke-si, hō·-chò *Live Bookmarks*. Múi 1 pit chhī-liāu pìⁿ 1 ê su-chhiam giap-á (*folder*), giap-á lāi-té ê su-chhiam tāi-piáu chhī-liāu thê-kiong ê sin-bûn-tiâu. Firefox ē àn-sî khì sûn tēng-ia̍t ê chhī-liāu. Iōng-chiá kiám-cha su-chhiam tō ē-tit chai-iáⁿ sin-bûn chhī-liāu ê tōng-chēng. Chìn-chêng ê chhī-liāu kái-tha̍k nńg-thé lóng mā kā chhī-liāu chún-chò sī it-poaⁿ ê bāng-ia̍h liân-kiat, ia̍h-tō-sī 1 ê su-chhiam, ah sin-bûn hāng-bo̍k hām su-chhiam bô tī-tāi.\nChú-têFirefox ū-hoat-tō· oāⁿ phôe (*skin*), múi-1-tè phôe tāi-piáu 1 ê \"chú-tê\" (*theme*) he̍k-chiá kóng khoán-sek. Mozilla ê Update chām thê-kiong chē-chē khoán-sek chāi lâng lia̍h khì iōng. Chia ê chú-tê lóng sī sú-iōng-chiá kòng-hiàn--ê, iōng XUL siá--ê.\nKhok-chhiong-kiāⁿFirefox ún-chún lâng tàu nńg-thé kiāⁿ, hō·-chò \"khok-chhiong-kiāⁿ\" (*extensions*). Khok-chhiong-kiāⁿ iōng lâi khok-chhiong ki-pún kong-lêng a̍h-sī kái-piàn in ê hêng-ûi. Chit ê siat-kè chhiâng-chāi hō· lâng poaⁿ chhut-lâi tián Firefox ê chhiú-lō·. Ka-thiⁿ ê kong-lêng chē-chē khoán, pau-koah chó·-tòng bāng-ia̍h kóng-kò; tiâu-chéng liû-lám ê hong-sek; hián-sī khì-siōng pò-kò, kó·-chhī chu-sìn, téng-téng; thê-kiong khai-hoat-chiá iōng ê ke-si, pang-chān lia̍h mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Chin chē Mozilla Suite ê kong-lêng (chhin-chhiūⁿ ChatZilla, goe̍h-thiah-á) taⁿ lóng kái siá chò khok-chhiong-kiāⁿ. In-ūi án-ne, Firefox khah hó khòng-chè i ê tōa-sè, mā khah hó boán-chiok bô kāng sú-iōng-tīn ê su-iàu. Mozilla Ki-kim-hōe ū siat 1 ê Mozilla Update bāng-chām choan-bûn hō· lâng lia̍h chiah-ê khok-chhiong-kiāⁿ. Si̍t-chè-siōng Firefox oân-ná ū-hoat-tō· chū-tōng àn-sî khì hia sûn -chhōe khah sin ê pán-pún. Tû-liáu khok-chhiong-kiāⁿ í-gōa, mā thàu-kòe chit ê hē-thóng keng-sin iōng-chiá kài-bīn ê chú-tê phôe kap Firefox chú-thé.\nChāi-tē-hòaFirefox khai-hòng lâng siat-kè ha̍h chāi-tē su-iàu ê gí-giân pán-pún. Koaⁿ-hong chām lia̍t chhut 26 khoán gí-giân (1.0-pán); iū-koh ū pa̍t ê gí-giân pán-pún; kàu kah 2.0-pán ū lia̍t 45 khoán gí-giân, koh ke 5 khoán gí-giân-pau.\nIōng-chiá soán-te̍k kap ún-su-koânFirefox ū-hoat-tō· pang iōng-chiá kì bi̍t-bé kap thiⁿ pió. Liû-lám le̍k-sú, chiap-siū ê cookie, lia̍h-lo̍h-lâi chiām-sî pó-chûn ê bāng-ia̍h chu-goân (cache), bi̍t-bé, téng-téng lóng-chóng ū-thang kā chhit tiāu.\nChhiau-chhōe ke-siFirefox ū 1 pō· chhiau-chhōe bāng-ia̍h bûn-jī ê kang-hu hō·-chò \"ná phah ná chhōe\" (*find as you type*). Iōng-chiá chi̍t-ē khai-sí phah-jī, Firefox sûi chū-tōng chhiau-chhōe tng teh tha̍k ê hit ia̍h; chhōe--tio̍h ê koan-kiàn sû oē chhái-sek piau-sī. Firefox ê ke-si-tiâu (*tool bar*) mā ū 1 ê kài-bīn choan-bûn hō· lâng chhiau-chhōe bāng-lō· chu-goân. Chit ê ke-si hō-miâ chò Mycroft (chhui-lí siáu-soat jîn-bu̍t Sherlock Holmes ê a-hiaⁿ). Mycroft thê-kiong chē-chē plugin hō· lâng hām kok-pia̍t bāng-chām ê kiám-sek iân-jín chih-chiap. Goân-chong ê Firefox ū kah Google, Yahoo!, Amazon.com, téng-téng ê bāng-chām plugin. Wikipedia oân-ná ū Mycroft plugin. Mycroft plugin ū-hoat-tō· tēng-kî chū-tōng keng-sin. Iōng-chiá mā ē-sái ka-tī siat-kè plugin.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Ubuntu Firefox 3 Hō-ló-oē hoan-e̍k kè-oē[*biân-uán bô-hāu liân-kiat*].\n* Firefox koaⁿ-hong thâu-ia̍h.\n* Mozilla Firefox Tâi-oân - thoân-thóng Hàn-jī pán.\n* Firefox Tiong-bûn Siā-khu - kán-thé Hàn-jī pán ê Firefox.","meta":{"title":"Mozilla Firefox","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[200,7202,0.027770063871146902],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8362}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân ESP Hia̍p-hōe** (Ji̍t-gí: 台湾エスペラント協会), Ji̍t-pún thóng-tī sî-tāi ê Tâi-oân Esperanto cho·-chit. Pān-sū-chhù siat tī Tâi-pak Báng-kà Ē-khàm. Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ sī chú-iàu ê oa̍h-tōng hoān-ûi. Hia̍p-hōe ê chiân-sin hō·-chò \"Ji̍t-pún ESP Hia̍p-hōe (Japana Esperantista Asocio) Tâi-oân-chi-pō·\", iû Kodama Sirô (児玉四郎) tī 1913 nî chhòng-pān. Āu--lâi iû So· Phek-hui (蘇璧輝), Liân Un-kheng (連溫卿) hoāⁿ, jī-chhiáⁿ kā kái-miâ.\n\nHia̍p-hōe bat hoat-hêng goe̍h-khan *La Verda Ombro* (1919-1924, \"Le̍k-ǹg\" ê ì-sù), chú-pian sī Liân sī. *La Verda Ombro* bat hām pa̍t-kok ê cho·-chit chò khan-bu̍t kau-oāⁿ ê kau-liû.\n\nHia̍p-hōe ū chiam-tùi sè-kài pa̍t-ūi ê chèng-tī hoat-tián hoat-giân. Tī 1932 nî 11 goe̍h 6, in tī Tâi-oân Sin-bîn-pò hoat-piáu khòng-gī Ji̍t-pún chhim-lio̍k Tiong-kok Tang-pak ê bûn-chiuⁿ, m̄-koh hō· tong-kio̍k san-tû. Tī 1933 nî Hia̍p-hōe sêng-li̍p \"Deutsch Hoán-bûn-hòa Khòng-gī Tông-bêng\" khòng-gī Tek-kok Adolf Hitler ê chèng-tī. In kó·-chhoe Sè-kài-gí ê oa̍h-tōng mā siū-tio̍h kéng-chhat ê kan-sia̍p.\n\n1990 nî sêng-li̍p ê Tajvana Esperantista Asocio kap ESP Hia̍p-hōe bô le̍k-sú-siōng ê koan-hē.\n\nTù-chok\n-------\n\n* 組織的研究エスペラント講習書 (日本エスペラント協会台湾支部編; 191?, Tâi-oân, 緑星社)\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* 張炎憲、李筱峰、莊永明 pian, *Tâi-oân Kīn-tāi Bêng-jîn-chì* 《台灣近代名人誌》tē-4-chi̍p, tē 104-105 ia̍h.\n* Sè-kài/Ji̍t-pún ê Esperanto Ūn-tōng-sú Nî-pió[*biân-uán bô-hāu liân-kiat*] (Ji̍t-gí)\n* Kài-siāu Hân-kok, Tâi-oân ê Sè-kài-gí ūn-tōng Archived 2004-08-11 at the Wayback Machine. (Polska-gí)","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân ESP Hia̍p-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[369,1495,0.2468227424749164],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1740}} -{"text":"Tē 71 tiuⁿ (1892 nî)\n***Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe Kong-pò*** (Hàn-jī: 台灣教會公報) sī Tâi-oân tē-1-ê pò-choá, iōng Pe̍h-oē-jī siá--ê.\n\n* *Tâi-oân-hú-siâⁿ Kàu-hōe-pò* (1885 nî 7 goe̍h – 1891 nî 12 goe̍h)\n* *Tâi-lâm-hú Kàu-hōe-pò* (1892 nî 1 goe̍h – 1892 nî 12 goe̍h)\n* *Tâi-lâm-hú-siâⁿ Kàu-hōe-pò* (1893 nî 1 goe̍h – 1905 nî 12 goe̍h)\n* *Tâi-lâm Kàu-hōe-pò* (1906 nî – 1913 nî 6 goe̍h)\n* *Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe-pò* (1913 nî 7 goe̍h – 1932 nî 4 goe̍h)\n* *Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe Kong-pò* (1932 nî 5 goe̍h – 1942 nî)\n\nTē 1 tiuⁿ (1885 nî)\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSo͘-kat-lân kòe Tâi-oân ê Tiúⁿ-ló-kàu soan-tō-su Má Ngá-kok hòng-hiàn beh tī Tâi-oân ìn sin-bûn-chóa ê ìn-soat-ki tī 1881 nî sàng kàu Tâi-oân, tāi-seng sī Pa Khek-lé bo̍k-sú tńg So͘-kat-lâng o̍h ki-su̍t liáu-āu, chiah tī Tâi-oân siat Chū-tin-tông (āu--lâi ê Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe Kong-pò-siā), ìn Tâi-oân Hú-siâⁿ Kàu-hōe-pò hoat-hêng.\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* \n* \n* Loā Éng-siông: Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe Kong-pò, Kàu-hōe Sú-ōe\n* TÂI-OÂN Pe̍h-ōe-jī Bûn-hiàn-koán ()\n\nWi fi","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe Kong-pò","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[409,906,0.45143487858719644],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1126}} -{"text":"**Tè Hân** (諦閒; 1858年—1932年), sio̍k sènn Tsu (朱), miâ Kóo Hi (古虛)，hō Tok Sam (卓三). Tiong-kok Tsiat-kang síng Hông-giâm kuān (kin-á-ji̍t ê Tiong-kok Tsiat-kang síng Tâi-tsiu tshī Hông-giâm khu) jîn-sū[1]. Tè Hân huat-su uī Tiong-kok Bîng-bua̍t Tshing-tshoo ê ko-sing (高僧), pîng-sing tù-su̍t hong-si̍k, hông-huat ián-kàu, huè-jîn put-kuān (誨人不倦). Tè Hân i tiông-tsín Thian-tâi huat-me̍h, uī Thian-tâi tsong (天台宗) tē-43 tāi kàu-kuan (教觀) tsóng-tshî (總持), tuì Tkuān iong-kok kīn-tāi Hu̍t-kàu ê huat-tián kòng-hiàn put-tsí-á tuā.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 陳永革 (2003). *佛教弘化的現代轉型: 民国浙江佛教研究 : 1912-1949*. 宗教文化出版社. ISBN 9787801233110.\n2. ↑ 方祖猷 (2006). *天臺宗觀宗講寺志 (1912-1949)*. 宗教文化出版社. ISBN 9787801238092.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 《佛教弘化的現代轉型: 民國浙江佛教研究 : 1912-1949》(Hàn-gí)\n* 《天臺宗觀宗講寺志》(1912-1949) (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Tiantai\n* Guanzong Temple\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 諦閑法師二三事 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n\n* 諦閒大師往生記 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n* 觀世音菩薩普門品講義（諦閑法師） Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn","meta":{"title":"Tè Hân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[435,1008,0.43154761904761907],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1215}} -{"text":"\n**Sòng Chhó͘-jû** (宋楚瑜, 1942 nî 3 goe̍h 16 ji̍t chhut-sì ), Ô͘-lâm Siong-thâm lâng, i ê lāu-pē hō-chòe Sòng Ta̍t. \n\nSòng Chhó·-jû chá-kî pit-gia̍p tī Tâi-oân Chèng-tī Tāi-ha̍k Gōa-kau-hē, 1966 nî khì Bí-kok kiû-ha̍k, sian-āu theh-tio̍h California Tāi-ha̍k (University of California) chèng-tī-ha̍k sek-sū, Thian-chú-kàu Tāi-ha̍k (Georgetown University) tô·-su kóan-lí sek-sū kah 'Kiâu-tī-siâⁿ Tāi-ha̍k Chèng-tī-hē tiat-ha̍k phok-sū kok-hāng ha̍k-ūi. 1974 nî chhut-jīm Hêng-chèng-īⁿ Chiúⁿ Keng-kok ê Eng-bûn sī-chiông pì-su, kā Chiúⁿ--sian chò hoan-e̍k. 1979 nî chò Sin-bûn-kiok tāi-lí kiok-tiúⁿ, 1981 nî tòng-sóan Kok-bîn-tóng tē-12 kài tiong-iong úi-ôan, 1984 nî 10 ge̍h jīm Kok-bîn-tóng Tiong-iong Bûn-hòa Kang-chok-sek chú-jīm, 1987 nî 3 ge̍h chhut-jīm Kok-bîn-tóng Tiong-iong Tóng-pō· hù pì-su-tiúⁿ. 1989 nî seng chòe tiong-iong pì-su-tiúⁿ. 1993 nî chhut-jīm séng chú-se̍k, 1994 nî tòng-sóan ûi bîn-sóan séng-tiúⁿ. 1999 nî, hām Kok-bîn-tóng thiah-phòa-bīn, iōng to̍k-li̍p chham-sóan-jîn ê sin-hūn chham-ka 2000 nî chóng-thóng tāi-sóan. Sit-pāi liáu-āu, ka-tī sêng-li̍p chèng-tóng, miâ hō·-chòe Chhin-bîn-tóng, chò tóng chú-se̍k.\n\n \n\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| **Sòng Chhó͘-jû** |\n| chèng-hú chit-bū\n |\n| Chiap-sio̍kTeng Bō͘-sî | **Hêng-chèng-īⁿ Sin-bûn-kio̍k kio̍k-tiúⁿ**1979 nî–1984 nî | Kè-sio̍kTiuⁿ Keng-io̍k |\n| Chiap-sio̍kLiân Chiàn | **Tâi-oân-séng chèng-hú chú-se̍k**1993 nî–1994 nî | Kè-sio̍kTiō Siú-phok |\n| **Sin hâm-thâu** | **Tâi-oân-séng séng-tiúⁿ**1994 nî–1998 nî | **hùi-tû** |\n| chèng-tóng chit-bū |\n| Chiap-sio̍kLí Teng-hui | **Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng pì-su-tiúⁿ**1989 nî–1993 nî | Kè-sio̍kMá Eng-kiú |\n| **Sin hâm-thâu** | **Chhin Bîn Tóng tóng-chú-se̍k**2000 nî– | **hiān-jīm** |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 52940613\n* LCCN: n78023343\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 2146 9837\n* GND: 1137862270\n* NCL: 000000658\n\n |\n\n |\n\nWi fi\n\n\n1. ↑ Tedards, Bo (15 March 2000). \"The many faces of James Soong\". *Taipei Times*. 10 July 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Sòng Chhó͘-jû","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1116,2246,0.4968833481745325],"infobox":["\n
    Sòng Chhó͘-jû
    \n宋楚瑜
    \n
    Chhin Bîn Tóng tóng-chú-se̍k
    \n
    \nChiū-jīm
    2000 nî 3 goe̍h 31 ji̍t
    Kò-jîn chu-sìn
    Chhut-sì\n1942 nî 3 goe̍h 16 ji̍t （1942-03-16）(81 hòe)
    \"FlagTiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Ô͘-lâm-séng Siong-thâm-chhī Siong-thâm-koān
    (taⁿ sio̍k \"\" Tiong-kok)
    Chèng-tóng\nTiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng (1981–1999)
    Bû-tóng-che̍k (1999–2000)
    Chhin Bîn Tóng (2000–)
    Bú-hāu\nKok-li̍p Chèng-tī Tāi-ha̍k
    California Tāi-ha̍k Berkeley Hun-hāu
    Bí-kok Thian-chú-kàu Tāi-ha̍k
    Georgetown Tāi-ha̍k
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2230}} -{"text":"\n**Tang Lô-má Tè-kok** (東羅馬帝國, Latin-gí: *Imperium Romanum Orientale*) mā hō **Byzantine Tè-kok**, sī Lô-má Tè-kok ê chi̍t-ê sî-kî, siú-to͘ tī Constantinopolis, sī Lô-má Tè-kok ê iân-sio̍k, tē-it-ê hông-tè sī Constantinus 1-sè, chòe-āu chi̍t-ê sī Konstantinos 11-sè Palaiologos.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Tè-kok ê sán-seng\n\n480 nî ê léng-thó͘.\nTī 330 nî ê sî-chūn, Constantinus 1-sè kā siú-to͘ sóa-khì Byzantium, koh kā Byzantium kái-miâ chòe \"Sīn-Lô-má\",chiù-sì sio̍k-chhiann ê \"Constantinopolis\". Kàu 395 nî ê sî-chūn Lô-má Tè-kok hun-lia̍t chò Tang Lô-má chham Sai Lô-má.\n\n### Bia̍t-bông\n\n1453 nî, Tang Lô-má Tè-kok hō Osman Tè-kok cheng-ho̍k.\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\nHagia Sophia sī Tang Lô-má Tè-kok ê Tang-chèng-kàu tiong-sim.\n### Chong-kàu\n\nTang Lô-má Tè-kok gôan-lâi ê chú-iàu chong-kàu sī Ki-tok-kàu. 1054 nî, Ki-tok-kàu hun-lia̍t, Tang Lô-má chit-pêng ê kàu-hōe hō-chòe Tang-hong Chèng-thóng Kàu-hōe (Tang-chèng-kàu).\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 144245245\n* LCCN: n80085269\n* GND: 4009256-2\n* SUDOC: 029855381\n* BNF: cb121394475 (data)\n* BIBSYS: 2090940\n* HDS: 029476\n* NDL: 00560706\n* NKC: ge131496\n* BNE: XX451042\n* CiNii: DA01210417\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tang Lô-má Tè-kok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[571,1428,0.39985994397759106],"infobox":["\n
    Lô-má Tè-kok
    Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων
    Imperium Romanum
    \n395 nî–1453 nî
    \n
    \n
    \"Tang
    \n\n
    \n\"550
    550 nî, Tang Lô-má Tè-kok ê siōng-tōa léng-thó͘, tī Iustinianus 1-sè thóng-tī ê sî-kî.
    Siú-to͘\nConstantinopolis
    Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân\nLa-teng-gí (kàu 620 nî)
    Hi-lia̍p-gí (tùi 620 nî)
    Chèng-hú\nkun-chú chè-tō͘
    Le̍k-sú\n 
    • Kiàn-li̍p
    		\n395 nî
    • Pang-hoāi
    		\n1453 nî
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    í-chêng kok-ka    		í-āu kok-ka
    \n\n\n\n\n
    \"\"Lô-má Tè-kok
    		\n\n\n\n\n
    Osman Tè-kok\"\"
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1338}} -{"text":"\n**Tō-lō͘-hoat** (Ji̍t-pún-gí: どうろほう*Dōro Hō*) sī Ji̍t-pún tō-lō͘ siong-koan ê hoat-lu̍t.\n\nHū-chek ê chèng-hú ki-kò͘ sī Kok-thó͘ Kau-thong Séng. Pún hoat kui-hoān-tio̍h Ji̍t-pún tō-lō͘ ê tēng-gī, chéng-pī chhiú-sio̍k, koán-lí hùi-iōng hū-tam chham hoa̍t-chek téng-téng koh-hāng tō-lō͘ siong-koan sū-hāng. Hiān-hêng ê Tō-lō͘-hoat tī 1952 nîChiau-hô 27 nî6--goe̍h chhe 10 kong-pò͘ (-lu̍t tē 180 hō). Hoat-lu̍t ê tùi-siōng sī ko-sok kiau-chhia kok-tō, it-poaⁿ kok-tō, tō͘-tō-hú-koān-tō kah chhī-teng-chhoan-tō, chóng-kiōng 4 lūi (pún hoat tē 3 tiâu).\n\nKū ê Tō-lō͘-hoat (kū-hoat, 1919 nî Tāi-chèng 8 nîhoat-lu̍t tē 58 hō) tēng-gī tō-lō͘ sī kok-iú kong-bu̍t. Hiān-hêng hoa̍t-chek kan-na ū kok-tō (ko-sok kiau-chhia kok-tō kah it-poaⁿ kok-tō) sī kok-iú kong-bu̍t, nā-sī tō͘-tō-hú-koān-tō kah chhī-teng-chhoan-tō hun-pia̍t sio̍k tō͘-tō-hú-koān kah chhī-teng-chhoan ê kong-bu̍t.\n\nSiong-koan ê hoat-lēng ū Tō-lō͘ Kau-thong-hoat, Ko-sok Kiau-chhia Kok-tō-hoat, Tō-lō͘ Kò͘-chō-lēng, Chhia-lióng Hān-chè-lēng. 1958 nî í-chêng iah-koh-ū Ke-lō͘ Kò͘-chō-lēng ê chûn-chāi.\n\nKò͘-sêng\n--------\n\n* Tē-1 chiong Chóng-chek\n* Tē-2 chiong It-poaⁿ Kok-tō chi Ì-gī pēng-ki̍p Kî Lō͘-sòaⁿ Chí-tēng chham Jīn-tēng\n\t+ Tē-5 tiâu (It-poaⁿ Kok-tō chi Ì-gī ki̍p Kî Lō͘-sòaⁿ Chí-tēng)\n* Tē-3 chiong Tō-lō͘ chi Koán-lí\n\t+ Tē-1 chiat Tō-lō͘ koán-lí-chiá\n\t+ Tē-2 chiat Tō-lō͘ chi kò͘-chō\n\t+ Tē-3 chiat Tō-lō͘ chi chiàm-iōng\n\t+ Tē-4 chiat Tō-lō͘ chi pó-choân téng-téng\n\t+ Tē-4 chiat chi 2 Tō-lō͘ chi li̍p-thé khu-e̍k\n\t+ Tē-5 chiat Khoài-sok kong-lō͘ (Ji̍t-pún-gí: 自動車専用道路)\n\t+ Tē-6 chiat Kha-ta̍h-chhia-tō téng-téng (Ji̍t-pún-gí: 自轉車専用道路)\n* Tē-4 chiong Tō-lō͘ Siong-koan Hùi-iōng, Siu-ji̍p ki̍p Kî Hāu-iōng Hū-tam\n* Tē-5 chiong Kàm-tok\n* Tē-6 chiong Tō-lō͘ Sím-gī-hōe\n* Tē-7 chiong Cha̍p-chek\n* Tē-8 chiong Hoa̍t-chek\n\nGōa-pō͘ Liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Tō-lō͘-hoat tiâu-bûnArchived 2006-09-08 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Tō-lō͘-hoat (Ji̍t-pún)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[749,1864,0.40182403433476394],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2184}} -{"text":"\n19 sè-kí ê Toā-tiū-tiâⁿ kó͘ siòng-phìⁿ\n**Toā-tiū-tiâⁿ** (Hàn: 大稻埕; Eng: *Twatutia*) sī Tâi-pak-chhī Tāi-tông-khu se-lâm-pō͘ ê chi̍t ê thoân-thóng tōe-hō-miâ, mā hō-chò **Tiū-kang** (稻江) kap **Tiū-tin** (稻津). In-ūi chia khah-chá ū tōa phìⁿ pha̍k tiū-á ê khang-tōe (稻埕), só͘-í chiah hō-chò Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ. 1851 nî, Lîm Lâm-tiân (林藍田) ūi-tio̍h beh cháu-phiah hái-chha̍t, ùi Ke-lâng chhian-sóa kàu Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ chò seng-lí, khai-siat tiàm-thâu, khai-sí tī Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ chit kak-sì chìn-hêng siong-gia̍p oa̍h-tāng. 1853 nî, Sam-ip-lâng kap Tâng-oaⁿ-lâng ūi-tio̍h Báng-kah po͘-thâu ê khòng-chè khoân-lī, hoat-seng liáu chhia-piàⁿ sū-kiāⁿ; Ē-kau ê Tâng-oaⁿ-lâng bô-la̍t tí-khòng, chhōa Hâ-hái Siâⁿ-hông sóa lâi kàu Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ; lo̍h-bé tī Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ piⁿ-á ê Tām-chúi-hô po͘-thâu kau-e̍k chiah ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á heng-ōng--khí-lâi. 1860 nî, Tām-chúi khui káng liáu-āu, Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ chiâⁿ-chò Tōa-tâi-pak siōng hoân-hôa ê bu̍t-chu chi̍p-sàn tiong-sim, í tê-hio̍h kap pò͘-liāu bō͘-e̍k ûi-chú. Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ ê tē-hio̍h bō͘-e̍k tī iûⁿ-hâng tòa-niá hā, m̄-nā chhī-tiûⁿ khok-tāi, mā chō-chiū tōa châi-hù kap hoân-êng. Kàu Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi liáu-āu, Ji̍t-siong tí-chè iûⁿ-hâng sè-le̍k, choán chò Ji̍t-pún kap Tang-lâm-a ê seng-lí. Chiàn-āu, Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ in-ūi Tām-chúi-hô khó-ta ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á tio̍h sit-khì hô-káng ê kong-lîng; lî-chhiáⁿ Tâi-oân só͘ seng-sán ê tê-bí piàⁿ bōe-iâⁿ Sek-lân âng-tê [en] ê kèng-cheng, jî-lâi bān-bān-á chhìn-chhī--lo̍h-khì. Āu-lâi teh Tâi-pak chhī-khu tio̍h chi̍t-pō͘ chi̍t-pō͘ ê hiòng tang-pêng chhī-khu lâi hoat-tián; jîn-kháu mā tāi-liōng sóa chhut. Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ bô-táⁿ-kín soah chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-pak-chhī gōa-ûi ê lāu-kū chhī-khu.\n\nChù-sek\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 因鄰近淡水河（又稱淡江）而以此稱呼。(Hàn-gí)\n2. ↑ 閩南語的「埕」（Tâi-lô：tiânn）有空地或廣場 [en]之意。(Hàn-gí)\n\nIân-sin Oa̍t-tho̍k\n------------------\n\n* Campbell, William (August 1896). \"The island of Formosa: Its past and future\". *Scottish Geographical Magazine*. **12** (8): 385–399. doi:10.1080/00369229608732903.\n* Davidson, James W. (1903). *The Island of Formosa, Past and Present : history, people, resources, and commercial prospects : tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions*. London and New York: Macmillan & co. OL 6931635M.\n* Lee, Daw-Ming (2013). *Historical Dictionary of Taiwan Cinema*. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810879225.\n\nGōa-pō͘ Bāng-liān\n-----------------\n\n* 大稻埕碼頭-臺北旅遊網Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n (Hàn-gí)\n* 大稻埕碼頭-交通部觀光局Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[866,2598,0.3333333333333333],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ
    —  Tâi-pak-chhī ê thoân-thóng tōe-miâ [zh]  —
    \n\"Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ
    Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ ló-koe ê kéng-koan.
    \n
    Kok-ka\n\"\" Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok (Tâi-oân)\n\t
    Koān-chhī\nTâi-pak-chhī\n
    Khu\nTāi-tông-khu\n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2816}} -{"text":"Sin kū pán ê Ē-mn̂g-im Sin Jī-tián\n**Ē-mn̂g-im Sin Jī-tián** (Hàn-jī: 廈門音新字典), goân-bûn ti̍t-e̍k chò **Chìn-chiu, Chiang-chiu kap Formosa kok chiu ê Ē-mn̂g Pe̍h-ōe Jī-tián** (Eng-gí: *A Dictionary of Amoy Vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-chiu, Chiang-chiu and Formosa*), 1913 nî tī Tâi-lâm chhut-pán, iû So͘-kat-lân Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hōe thoân-kàu-sū Kam Ûi-lîm pian-siá ê chi̍t phō hâm-kài Choân-chiu (Chìn-chiu), Chiang-chiu kap Tâi-oân (Formosa) kháu-im ê Bân-lâm-gú Tâi-oân-ōe jī-tián, sio̍k-chheng **Kam Jī-tián** (甘字典). 2009 nî, Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe Kong-pò Siā tiông-sin siu-tēng liáu-āu chài-pán, chheh-miâ kái chò **Kam Ûi-lîm Tâi-gú Jī-tián** (甘為霖台語字典).\n\nChok-chiá kap pōe-kéng\n----------------------\n\nKam Ûi-lîm (William Campbell) bo̍k-su tī So͘-kat-lân ê Glasgow chhut-sì. 30 hòe lâi-kàu Tâi-oân, í Tâi-lâm chò ki-tē khai-sí soan-kàu, chêng-āu 46 tang (1871 nî kàu 1917 nî), ùi lâm-pō͘ ê Pi-thâu (Hōng-soaⁿ) kàu pak-pō͘ ê Tām-chúi, tang-pō͘ kàu Kat-má-lân, mā bat khì kòe gōa-tó ê Phêⁿ-ô͘. I ē-hiáu kóng Eng-gí, Tâi-oân-ōe, Ji̍t-pún-ōe kap Hô-lân-ōe.\n\nKam bo̍k-su tī jī-tián ê thâu-sū kóng: \"Góa sì-cha̍p gōa nî chêng, kàu Tâi-oân ê sî, lóng bô chit-hō ê jī-tián, iā lóng bô chai-iáⁿ ê sian-siⁿ tī-leh; só͘-í góa kín lâi chhut-la̍t, tōa ǹg-bāng che jī-tián ōe pang-cho͘ chōe-chōe lâng bat jī chiah khah ōe hiáu chīn pún-hūn.\" Hia̍p-chō͘ Kam bo̍k-su chò pian-siu khang-khòe ê lâng ū Tâi-lâm Kàu-hōe ê ha̍k-seng Lîm Kím-seng (林錦生) hū-chek tha̍k-im ki-chhó͘ ê pō͘-hūn, lūi-chi̍p kāng im bô kāng jī ê Hàn-jī; í-ki̍p Tân Tōa-lô (陳大鑼) chiap-sio̍k hia̍p-cho͘ jī-tián kái-gī, chéng-pian kap kàu-chèng, hō͘ jī-tián tī 1913 nî sūn-lī chhut-pán.\n\nJī-tián khí-chho͘ siu-lio̍k io̍k 15,000 jī, Hàn-jī chú-iàu sī ùi *Khong-hi Jī-tián* kap *Lūi-chi̍p Ngá-sio̍k-thong Si̍p-ngó͘-im* soán-chhut. Lēng-gōa koh chham-khó Se-iûⁿ-lâng só͘ siá ê Hàn-jī jī-tián kap tù-chok, chhin-chhiūⁿ Má-lé-sùn ê *Hôa-Eng Jī-tián* (1824), Be̍h-to͘-su ê *Hok-kiàn Hong-giân Jī-tián* (1837), Ōe-sam-ùi ê *Eng-Hôa Hun-ūn Choat-iàu* (1856), Te̍k-lí-su ê *Hôa-Eng Jī-tián* (1892), Táⁿ-má-jī ê *Ē-mn̂g-im Jī-tián* (1894), Kai-jōe-lí ê *Tiong-Se Jī-tián* (1893) kap Be̍h-ka-ô͘ ê *Eng-Hā S-tián* (1883) téng.\n\nIm-hē sī chhái-chhú Chìn-chiu (Choân-chiu), Chiang-chiu, Tâi-oân só͘ thong-hêng ê tē-hng khiuⁿ. Ū chham-khó Chiang-chiu ê si̍p-ngó͘-im, ín-iōng i só͘ lia̍t ê pún-jī kap hùn-iōng-jī. Tī Tâi-lâm pian-siu, in-ūi chō͘-chhiú sī Lîm Kím-seng kap Tân Tō-lô, só͘-í khah óa Tâi-lâm\nchāi-tē ê khiuⁿ-kháu.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n1913 nî chhut-pán, chho͘-pán iû Yokohama Hok-im Ìn-soat Tu-sek Hōe-siā ìn-soat, Tâi-lâm Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe Kong-pò Siā hoat-hêng 1,000 chheh. 1923 nî 7 goe̍h, tē-jī pán iû Pa-khek-lé bo̍k-su kàm-ìn, tī Yokohama ìn-soat ê sî tú-tio̍h 1923 nî 9 goe̍h chhe 1 ê Koan-tang Tōa Tē-tāng, ìn hó-sè ê 1,500 pún choân-pō͘ sio-tiāu, chí-hó kái tī Siōng-hái Siong-bū Ìn-su Koán têng ìn 1,000 pún, tī 1924 nî 8 goe̍h hoat-hêng. 1933 nî 8 goe̍h koh-chài hoat-hêng tē-sì pán 3,000 pún.\n\nKui pún chheh chi̍t khai-sí siu-lio̍k iok 15,000 jī, tāi-seng cheng-pó͘ ê sin-jī tōa-pō͘-hūn sī hòa-ha̍k goân-sò͘, tùi kho-ha̍k siá-chok ū pang-cho͘. Bóe-á jī-tián it-ti̍t chài-pán, mā ū sió-kóa cheng-pó͘, chhin-chhiūⁿ \"kán-siá jī ê tiah-iàu\" kap \"Hàn-jī ê bo̍k-lio̍k\" téng. Chit pún chheh sī Tâi-oân chit-má siāng thong-hêng ê Pe̍h-ōe-jī sû-tián chi-it, kàu 1997 nî ûi-chí í-keng hoan-ìn 19 pán.\n\nTiān-náu phah-jī pâi-pán ê Kam Ûi-lîm Tâi-gú Jī-tián tī 2009 nî 3 goe̍h chhut-pán.\n\nLōe-iông kap pian-pâi\n---------------------\n\nŪ im bô pún-jī, tiō ēng hùn-iōng-jī; nā-sī chhōe bô sek-ha̍p ê Hàn-jī, tiō tī im ê āu-piah oe̍h hoâiⁿ-sòaⁿ \"-\" lâi piáu-sī bô Hàn-jī. Chi̍t jī nā ū kúi-nā ê im, hit jī tiō ē tī kúi-nā ê só͘-chāi chhut-hiān, chhiūⁿ \"目\" chit jī ē chhut-hiān tī \"ba̍k\" kap \"bo̍k\"; \"歌\" chit jī ē chhut-hiān tī \"ko\" kap \"koa\".\n\nPian-pâi siōng, í tan-im-jī pian sêng, án jī-im iû A jī khí pâi-lia̍t; hām hit-tang-chūn ê Pe̍h-ōe-jī Sèng-keng kāng-khoán, ēng \"ch\" kap \"ts\" lâi khu-pia̍t 2 chióng kháu-im (chit-má Pe̍h-ōe-jī lóng siá chò \"ch\"); \"ch\" tī \"e\" kap \"i\" thâu-chêng, \"ts\" tī \"a\", \"ng\", \"o\", \"o͘\", \"u\" thâu-chêng (chhin-chhiūⁿ \"十\" siá \"tsa̍p\", \"主\" siá \"tsú\").\n\nTa̍k jī goân-chek-siōng chiàm chi̍t hâng, kán-tan siá chhut chù-kái kap iōng-hoat, hō͘ lâng bat-jī, thang chò sek-tòng ê èng-iōng. Jī-tián pō͘-hūn í-gōa koh ū hū-lio̍k, chhin-chhiūⁿ phó͘-thong tē-miâ kap lâng-miâ, Sèng-keng tē-miâ kap lâng-miâ, jī-sèⁿ, la̍k-cha̍p kah-chí kap kùi-cheh, jī-pō͘ téng-téng ê pió.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Sú-ōe 032 Ē-mn̂g-im Sin Jī-tián\n2. ↑ Kam Ûi-lîm *Ē-mn̂g-im Sin Jī-tián* kap Táⁿ-má-jī *Ē-mn̂g-im ê Jī-tián* ê im-hē pí-kàu kap kî siong-koan būn-tê\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Sú-ōe 032 *Ē-mn̂g-im Sin Jī-tián*\n* Sú-ōe 055 Lîm Kím-seng kap Kam Jī-tián\n* *Ē-mn̂g-im Sin Jī-tián*－Tâi-gí-bûn Kì-e̍k\n* Tâi-gí kap Hu̍t-tián: Kam Ûi-lîm bo̍k-su ê *Ē-mn̂g-im Sin Jī-tián*\n* *Ē-mn̂g-im Sin Jī-tián* tiān-chú tóng hā-chài (Archive.org)\n* *Kam Jī-tián* cha-sûn (sòaⁿ-téng cha-sûn pán)","meta":{"title":"Ē-mn̂g-im Sin Jī-tián","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[421,4764,0.0883711167086482],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5668}} -{"text":"\nTē-1-pún Tan-be̍h-gí ê Sèng-keng, 1550 nî chhut-pán.\n**Sèng-keng**, ā sī kóng **Sèng-chheh**, sī A-pek-la̍h-hán-chu-kàu (亞伯拉罕諸教; Eng-gú: *Abrahamic religions*) tang-tiong só͘-ū kàu-phài ê chong-kàu keng-tián, pau-koah Kū-iok Sèng-keng kah Sin-iok Sèng-keng. Ki-tok-kàu só͘ kóng ê Kū-iok sī Iu-thài-kàu ê keng-chheh, Sin-iok sī kì-lio̍k Iâ-so͘ Ki-tok kah i ê bûn-tô͘ kóng--ê ōe, chò--ê tāi-chì, chham in ê kò͘-sū.\n\nIû-thài-lâng ê sèng-keng Tanakh ùi Iâ-hô-hoa jû-hô chhòng-sè khai-sí, jiân-āu kóng-su̍t kó͘-sî Iû-thài-lâng ê le̍k-sú, jî-chhiáⁿ kì-lo̍k sian-ti ī-giân. \n\nKi-tok chong-kàu sèng-keng iû Kū-iok kap Sin-iok nn̄g pō͘-hūn kò-sêng. Si-kàu ê Kū-iok Sèng-keng kap Iû-thài-lâng ê Tanakh lāi-iông lóng kâng-khoán, tān-sī lāi-té ê chiàu-pâi bô-kāng-khoán. Thâu-khí-seng tong Iû-thài-lâng ê Tanakh beh hoan-choh Hi-liap ōe sî, ha̍k-chiá thó-lūn pēng koat-tēng tiâu-chéng lāi-té ê chiàu-pâi. Hiān-kim ê Sèng-keng ha̍k-chiá David Pawson piáu-sī, chit-ê chò-hoat phah-lû goân-pún Iû-thài-lâng su-lō͘ ê hun-lūi, piàn-sêng siū Hi-liap su-sióng ê Kū-iok Sèng-keng. Tī-leh Lō͘-ka Hok-im, Iâ-so͘ ū thê-kàu, \"*tùi Mô͘-se kap chèng sian-ti khí, kìⁿ-nā sèng-keng tiong só͘ chí I ê, lóng kā In kóe-bêng*.\" chì-chió ē-sái khòaⁿ-kìⁿ tùi Iâ-so͘ lâi kóng sèng-keng hun-lūi sī chiàu Mô͘-se kap Sian-ti lâi hūn, m̄-sī chiàu hiān-kim Kū-iok Sèng-keng le̍k-sú kap sian-ti ê hūn-hoat.\n\nKū-iok Sèng-keng\n----------------\n\nThian-chú-kàu kah Tang-chèng-kàu ê Kū-iok Seng-keng lóng-chóng 46-pún, pau-koah hō· kî-thaⁿ kàu-phài tòng-chò \"chhù-keng\" ê hit pō·-hūn kah lân-san ê keng-bûn; Ki-tok-sin-kàu ê Kū-iok Sèng-keng kan-na 39 pún; Iu-thài-kàu--ê, kok-khah chió, kan-na 24 pún. Che sī in-ūi Iû-thài Sèng-keng kā pō·-hūn lōe-iông pian chò kāng pún, ah Ki-tok-kàu to̍h kā thiah-khui.\n\nSin-iok Sèng-keng\n-----------------\n\n1970 nî-tāi ê *Âng-phôe Sèng-keng* kan-na ū Sin-io̍k.\nSin-iok Sèng-keng ê sò·-liōng, kok kàu-phài lóng sio-siâng, lóng sī 27 pún. Put-jī-kò, Iu-thài-kàu kah Islam-kàu pēng bô sêng-jīn Sin-iok Sèng-keng.\n\nHàn-gú pe̍h-ōe Sèng-keng\n------------------------\n\n* Bân-lâm-gú hē-thóng\n\t+ Pa-khek-lé tī 1916 nî chhut-pán Sin-iok, tī 1930 hoan-hó Kū-iok, tī 1933 nî chhut-pán, hō-chò Sin-kū-iok ê Sèng-keng. Iōng Pe̍h-ōe-jī siá. I kap i ê chō·-lí chham-khó chá-chêng, iáu-bōe chiâu-chn̂g ê Pe̍h-oē-jī e̍k-pún.\n\n* Bân-tang-gú hē-thóng\n\t+ Hok-chiu-ōe sèng-keng, iōng lô-má-jī, 1880 nî chhut-pán 4 Hok-im-su, 1881 nî chhut-pán Sin-iok, 1914 nî chhut-pán Kū-iok.\n\n* Kheh-ōe hē-thóng\n* Kńg-tang-ōe hē-thóng\n* Ngô͘-gú hē-thóng\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**zh-min-nan:Category:Sèng-keng** |\n\n* Eng-bûn pán-pún kah Hôa-gí pán-pún ê sèng-keng Archived 2004-11-05 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Sèng-keng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[606,2594,0.2336160370084811],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3112}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\nJi̍t-gí ê tiâu-iok, tián-sī tī Ji̍t-pún Gōa-bū-séng Gōa-kau Sú-liāu-koán\n***Má-koan Tiâu-iok*** (Ji̍t-pún-gí: 馬関条約、Eng-gí: Treaty of Shimonoseki), koh hō-chò ***Ē-koan Tiâu-iok*** (Ji̍t-pún-gí: 下関条約), ***Chheng Ji̍t Káng-hô Tiâu-iok*** (Ji̍t-pún-gí: 日清講和条約) he̍k-chiá ***Tiong Ji̍t Káng-hô Tiâu-iok***, sī Tāi-chheng Tè-kok kah Tāi Ji̍t-pún Tè-kok tī 1895 nî 4 goe̍h 17 hō (Tāi-chheng Kong-sū 21 nî 3 goa̍h 23 hō; Tāi Ji̍t-pún Tè-kok Bêng-tī 28 nî 4 goe̍h 17 hō) chhiam-tèng ê tiâu-iok.\n\nChit-ê tiâu-iok chèng-sek soan-kò Kah-ngó͘ chiàn-cheng ê kiat-sok, mā hō͘ Tāi-chheng Tè-kok kā Hok-kiàn Tâi-oân-séng (hâm Phêⁿ-ô͘) kah liâu-lêng-séng lâm-pō͘ ê Liâu-tang Poàn-tó koah hō͘ Tāi Ji̍t-pún Tè-kok; Tâi-oân tio̍h ùi-chia khai-sí 50 tang ê Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi. Siâng-sî, Tāi-chheng Tè-kok soan-pò͘ beh hòng-khì tùi Tiâu-sián kúi-pah-tang ê chong-chú-kok tē-ūi, hō͘ Ji̍t-pún ē-sái tī kúi-nā tang í-āu kā Tiâu-sián chiàm-khì. Liâu-tang poàn-tó in-ūi Lō͘-se-a, Tek-kok kah Hoat-kok kài-ji̍p tio̍h bô koah chhut--khì ah.\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Frank W. Ikle, \"The Triple Intervention. Japan's Lesson in the Diplomacy of Imperialism.\" *Monumenta Nipponica* 22.1/2 (1967): 122-130. online Archived 2019-08-26 at the Wayback Machine.\n2. ↑ \"清日講和條約（1895年，馬關條約）（仿製品）\". *國立臺灣歷史博物館*.\n3. ↑ 百年傳承　走出活路─中華民國外交史料特展- 臺灣光復 Archived 2023-01-18 at the Wayback Machine.，國立故宮博物院","meta":{"title":"Má-koan Tiâu-iok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[380,1380,0.2753623188405797],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1568}} -{"text":" \nThian-tsin bu-pī ha̍k-tông ê tshòng-pān jîn Lí Hông-tsiong.\n**Thian-tsin bu-pī ha̍k-tông** (天津武備學堂 (Tientsin Military Academy); koh kiò-tsò \"Pak-iông bu-pī ha̍k-tông\" (北洋武備學堂; Peiyang Military Academy); \"Lio̍k-kun bu-pī ha̍k-tông\" (陸軍武備學堂))，khiā-tī Tiong-kok Thian-tsin Tāi-ti̍t koo (大直沽), sī Kong-sū 11-nî (1885-nî) Ti̍t-lē tsóng-tok kiam Pak-iông thong-siong tāi-sîn (北洋通商大臣) Lí Hông-tsiong (李鴻章) teh hing-pān Iông-bū ūn-tōng tang-tiong tshòng-siat, ì-teh thong-kuè sin-sik kàu-io̍k puê-ióng sin-sik lio̍k-kun kun-kuann tíng-tíng sin-hîng kun-sū jîn-tsâi, sī Tiong-kok tē-it sóo khai-tián kīn-tāi kun-sū kàu-io̍k lio̍k-kun ha̍k-tông. Thian-tsin bu-pī ha̍k-tông sîng-li̍p liáu-āu, Tshing-tîng koh-khah kok síng thui-kóng Thian-tsin bu-pī ha̍k-tông sîng-kong ê king-giām, kok-tē hun-hun hing-khí sin-sik lio̍k-kun ha̍k-hāu, lî-tshiánn tsia--ê ha̍k-hāu ê pān-o̍h hong-tsiam, ha̍k-hāu thé-tsè, kàu-ha̍k luē-iông, sīm-tsì hāu-miâ lóng tsham-tsiàu Thian-tsin bu-pī ha̍k-tông ê tsò-huat. 1900-nî, Pat-kok liân-kun kong-hām Thian-tsin ê sî-tsūn, Thian-tsin bu-pī ha̍k-tông hông hûn-huí. Thian-tsin bu-pī ha̍k-tông tsûn-tsāi ê 15 nî-kan, pit-gia̍p ha̍k-sing to-sòo tsiânn-tsò kok síng sin-kun (新軍) ê kut-kàn, kî-tiong Tuān Kî-suī (段祺瑞), Pîng Kok-tsiong (馮國璋), Ông Tsí-tin (王士珍), Tsô Khun (曹錕) tíng-tíng sîng-uî Pak-iông kun-hua̍t siú-líng.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 徐东波 (2017-05-22). \"近代中国陆军军官学校的关键性转变——基于北洋武备学堂与保定军校的比较\". *保定学院学报* (2017年03期).\n2. ↑ 姚锦祥 (1992-04-01). \"论北洋武备学堂的历史地位及其影响\". *南京师大学报（社会科学版）* (1992年01期).\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Pó-tēng lio̍k-kun kun-kuaⁿ ha̍k-hāu (保定陸軍軍官學校/Pó-tīng lio̍k-kun kun-kuann ha̍k-hāu)\n* Chheng-kok bú-pī ha̍k-tông lia̍t-tuaⁿ (清朝武備學堂列表/Tshing-kok bú-pī ha̍k-tông lia̍t-tuann)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 北洋军事学堂简忆Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn","meta":{"title":"Thian-chin bu-pī ha̍k-tông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[747,2111,0.3538607295120796],"infobox":["
    Thian-tsin bu-pī ha̍k-tông
    \n
    天津武備學堂
    \n
    Thian-tsin bu-pī ha̍k-tông tsiànn-mn̂g hiân-kuà \"Luē-siu bú-pī\" (内修武备) pâi-pián.
    Kî-thaⁿ miâ
    		\nPak-iông bu-pī ha̍k-tông
    Lūi-pia̍t\nKong-li̍p [en]
    Active\n1885 nî 1 goe̍h (1885-01)–1900 nî (1900)
    Só͘-chāi\n
    Tiong-kok Ti̍t-lē Thian-tsin
    \nNote: Lio̍k-kun bu-pī ha̍k-tông
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2074}} -{"text":"**Tiong-kok Kok-chè Kóng-pò͘ Tiān-tâi** (Hàn-jī: 中国国际广播电台; Eng-gí: China Radio International; **CRI**) , Tiong-kok kok-ka kóng-pò͘ tiān-tâi, sī Tiong-kok ûi-it chi̍t-keng hiòng chôan sè-kài hòng-sàng ê kóng-pò͘ tiān-tâi, Eng-bûn kán-siá sī CRI, tiān-tâi ê chong-chí sī \"chhiok-chìn Tiong-kok jîn-bîn hām sè-kài kok ê kok-ka jîn-bîn chi-kan ê liáu-kái kah iú-gî\".\n\nKán-kài\n-------\n\nTiong-kok Kok-chè Kóng-pò͘ Tiān-tâi, chêng khai-pān kàu taⁿ í-keng ū 60 gōa nî ê le̍k-sú. Bo̍k-chiân, múi kang sú-iōng 38 chióng gōa-kok gí-giân hām 4 chióng Hàn-gú ( Hôa-gú, Bân-lâm-gú, Kńg-tang-ōe, Tiô-chiu-ōe, kheh-gú ) hiòng chôan sè-kài chò hòng-sàng, múi kang hòng-sàng ê sî-kan chiong-kūn beh kàu 400 tiám-cheng. Chiat-bo̍k lōe-iông pau-koah sin-bûn, sî-sū, chèng-tī, keng-chè, bûn-hòa, kho-ki chit-kóa-á hong-bīn ê choan-tôe, kóng-pò͘ ê pîn-lu̍t hok-khàm chôan kiû.\n\nTiong-kok Kok-chè Kóng-pò͘ Tiān-tâi, bô-lūn sī ki-kò͘ ê kui-bô͘, a̍h-sī tùi sè-kài ê éng-hiàng-la̍t, lóng-chóng pâi tī chôan-kiû kāng-hâng ê khah thâu-chêng, hō͘ lâng kong-jîn sī chôan sè-kài tē-saⁿ tōa ê kóng-pò͘ tiān-tâi, kan-na khah su Bí-kok Chi-im (VOA) kah Eng-kok Kóng-pò͘ Kong-si (BBC).\n　　\nHiān-chú-sî, Tiong-kok Kok-chè Kóng-pòq Tiān-tâi tī chôan-kiû kok tōa chiu (Continent ) lóng-chóng siat-li̍p tio̍h 27 ê **chù-gōa kì-chiá-chām**, che í-gōa iū-koh tī Tiong-kok kok-lāi kok séng, chhī, chū-tī-khu, Hiong-káng, Ò-mn̂g siat-li̍p chē-chē kì-chiá-chām. Chóng-kóng-chi̍t-kú, Tiong-kok Kóng-chè Kóng-pò͘ Tiān-tâi ê sìn-sit-bāng sī chhiau tōa-hêng--ê.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTiong-kok Kok-chè Kóng-pò· Tiān-tâi khai-ki ê sî-kan sī kong-gôan 1941 nî 12 ge̍h 3 hō, chho͘-kî múi-kang ê gōa-gú chiat-bo̍k kan-na 3-jī-kú niâ ( hit-tong-sî sī hòng-sàng Ji̍t-gú chiat-bo̍k ). Ùi 1984 nî khai-sí, to̍h sian-āu cheng-ka 2 thò kok-lāi gōa-gú kóng-pò· pîn-tō, kî-tiong ū 1 thò chôan-pò͘ sú-iōng Eng-gú hòng-sàng, lēng-gōa hit thò khiok-sī chhài-iōng to-chióng gú-giân hòng-sàng, pau-koah Eng-gú, Se-pan-gâ-gí, A-la-pek-gí, Hoat-gí, Tek-gí, Hân-gí, Ji̍t-gí, Gô-gí lóng-chóng 8 chióng gōa-gú chiat-bo̍k kah chi̍t-kóa-á im-ga̍k lūi ê chiat-bo̍k.\n\n1987 nî khai-sí, Tiong-kok Kok-chè Kóng-pò· Tiān-tâi lio̍k-sio̍k hām cha̍p-gōa ke gōa-kok ê tiān-tâi kiat-li̍p ha̍p-chok koan-hē, bo̍k-tek sī hō͘-siong chi-kan ē-tàng chóan-pò͘ chiat-bo̍k. Chiah-ê gōa-kok tiān-tâi chú-iàu tī Eng-kok, Hoat-kok, Sūi-se ( Sūi-sū ), Lō͘-se-a ( Gô-lô-su ), Canada, Mali, Pa-se, Kó͘-pa kah Bí-kok. \n\nKong-gôan 2000 nî í-lâi, Tiong-kok Kok-chè Kóng-pò͘ Tiān-tâi khai-sí hē-la̍t thok-tián gia̍p-bū khong-kan. Kàu kah 2004 nî 11 ge̍h, í-kéng ū 28 chióng gú-giân lūi ê chiat-bo̍k tī chôan sè-kài 40 gōa ê kok-ka ê tōaⁿ siâⁿ-chhī (pau-koah Tâi-ôan) lo̍h-tē, pêng-kun múi kang hòng-sàng ta̍t kàu 202 tiám-cheng, tong-jiân, siu-thiaⁿ ê hāu-kó mā tōa hok-tō͘ tit-tio̍h kái-siān.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Kok-chè Chāi-sòaⁿ (CRI online) Archived 2019-10-01 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Tiong-kok Kok-chè Kóng-pò͘ Tiān-tâi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[69,2830,0.024381625441696114],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3289}} -{"text":"A 14th century Japanese scroll of the *Cheng Weishi Lun* (Jp:*Jōyuishikiron*)\n**Sêng-î-siak-lūn** (Hoān-bûn：𑖪𑖰𑖕𑖿𑖗𑖢𑖿𑖝𑖰𑖦𑖯𑖝𑖿𑖨𑖝𑖯𑖭𑖰𑖟𑖿𑖠𑖰，Vijñāpti-mātratā-siddhi; sîng uî-sik lūn), Tiong-kok î-siak-chong li̍p-chong ê chú-iàu lí-lūn i-kù，í tāi-sēng pu̍t-kàu î-siak-chong chhòng-sí-jîn chi-it sè-chhin ê《î-siak saⁿ-cha̍p-siōng》ûi chú-siàn，iû tông-tāi tì-miâ ko͘-chng hiân-chōng sam-chōng hoat-si í hō͘-hoat-ha̍k-soat ûi-chú jiû-ha̍p ìn-tō͘ si̍p-tāi lūn-si ê chhoân-siak phian-ia̍k lâi-ê，siōng ǔ-hoat-thang thé-hiān hoat-siòng î-siak ha̍k-phài ê ki-pún si-sióng.\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Epstein, Ronald. 1985. The Transformation of Consciousness into Wisdom in the Chinese Consciousness-Only School According to the Cheng Wei-Shi Lun.\n* 羅時憲 : 唯識方隅 Archived 2020-08-12 at the Wayback Machine.\n* excerpt--The Treatise on the Establishment of the Doctrine of Consciousness-Only\n* Johnson, Peter Lunde, trans. (2018), The Discourse On Realizing There is Only The Virtual Nature of Consciousness (Vijñapti Matratā Siddhi, 成唯識論) ISBN 978-0578530-680","meta":{"title":"Sêng-î-siak-lūn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[402,974,0.4127310061601643],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1130}} -{"text":"***Spy × Family*** (SPY×FAMILY, *Supaifamirī*?) sī chit-pō͘ Ji̍t-pún bàng-gah‎, iû Endô Tatuya goân-chok. Kong-sī Tâi-gí-tâi hòng-sàng ê sî, līng-guā huan-i̍k **Kan-tia̍p Pān-kong-hué-á**.\n\nTāi-kong\n--------\n\nKak-sek\n-------\n\n### Chú-iàu kak-sek\n\nTwilight / Loid Forger (\"黄昏\"ロイド・フォージャー, *Tazogare Roido Foja*?)\niû Eguti Takuya phòe-im\nChú-kak, tī Ostania(東国) chò tia̍p-pò ê Westalis(西国) téng-chiam kàn-tia̍p, tāi-hō sī \"Twilight\", ūi tio̍h chiâⁿ-chò kàn-tia̍p í-keng hòng-khì ka-kī ê hō͘-kháu-miâ, chit-chūn iōng--ê Loid Forger ê sin-kè tī Berlint Chong-ha̍p Pēⁿ-iⁿ(バーリント総合病院) cheng-sîn-kho i-seng.\nThorn Princess / Yor Forger (\"いばら姫\"ヨル・フォージャー, *Ibasahime Yoru Foja*?)\niû Hayami Saori phòe-im\nLú-chú-kak, sèⁿ Briar(ブライア), 27-sè, ài phông-kó, gê thâng. Piáu-bīn sī Berlint Chhī-chèng-hú ê cha-bó͘ koaⁿ-oân, lūn-chin bú-gē ko-bêng ê sat-chhiú, tāi-hō sī \"Thorn Princess\", sio̍k-î àm-sat cho͘-chit Garden(\"ガーデン\").\nAnya Forger (\"被検体007\"アーニャ・フォージャー, *Aniya Foja*?)\niû Tanezaki Atumi phòe-im\nBond (ボンド, *Bondo*?)\n\nMûi-thé\n-------\n\n### Tōng-ōe\n\nChè-chok kong-si sī WIT STUDIO kap CloverWorks.\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām (Ji̍t-gí)\n* Spy × Family ê Twitter bāng-ia̍h (Ji̍t-gí)","meta":{"title":"Spy × Family","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[74,1175,0.06297872340425532],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1394}} -{"text":"\n**Milo ê Venus** (ing-gú: Venus de Milo /də ˈmaɪloʊ, də ˈmiːloʊ/; elláda-gú: Αφροδίτη της Μήλου (Afrodíti tis Mílou); huat-gú: **Vénus de Milo**) sī kóo-Elláda tiau-sok gē-su̍t [en], tshòng-tsok tī Elláda-huà sî-kî, tāi-iok tī kong-guân-tsîng 150-nî tsì 125-nî tsi-kan. \"Milo ê Venus\" sī siōng-tshut-miâ ê kóo-Elláda tiau-sok tsok-phín tsi-it, uì 1820-nî teh Elláda Milos tó [en] koh-tsài huat-hiān tiau-siōng [en] liáu-āu bô-guā-kú, \"Milo ê Venus\" tio̍h it-ti̍t kǹg-teh Louvre phok-bu̍t-kuán lâi tián-tshut.\n\n\"Milo ê Venus\" hông jīm-uî biâu-huē Elláda ài-tsîng lú-sîn Aphrodite, i-ê Lô-má [en] tuì-ìng lú-sîn [en] sī Venus. Iû-î teh Lô-má sî (Venus) liáu-āu hō-miâ Elláda tiau-sok ê put tsún-khak, tiau-sok ū-tang-sî-á hông kiò-tsò \"Milos ê Aphrodite\" (Aphrodite de Milos). Tsi̍t-kuá ha̍k-tsiá ê thui-tshik, tsit-tsō tiau-siōng si̍t-tsè-siōng tāi-piáu lú hái-sîn Amphitrite [en], lú hái-sîn i teh tiau-siōng sóo-tsai ê tó-siōng siū-tio̍h siong-tong ê tsông-kìng. Tsit-ê tsok-phín siōng-tāi-sing kui-sio̍k tī-4 sè-kí ê Athens tiau-sok-ka Praxiteles [en], m̄-ku kin-kù i-ê té-tsō [en] tíng-kuân ê bîng-bûn, tsit-má ta̍k-ê phóo-phiàn jīn-uî tsit-ê tiau-siōng sī āu-lâi tshòng-tsok ê, lî-tshiánn sī Antioch ê Alexandros [en] tsi tsok-phín.\n\nTiau-siōng tiau-siōng iû Parian tāi-lí-tsio̍h [en] tsè-sîng ê, pí tsin-jîn tuā-sè koh-khah tuā, kuân 204 cm (6 ing-tshiò 8 ing-tshùn). Tiau-siōng sit-khì nn̄g-ki tshiú-kóo, tsi̍t-ki tshiú-kóo ê tsi̍t-pòo-hūn; í-kip guân-lâi ê té-tsō, teh tiau-siōng hông tiông-sin huat-hiān liáu-āu koh phàng-kìnn-á.\n\nBiâu-su̍t\n---------\n\n\"Milo ê Venus\" sī tsit-tsūn 204 cm (6 ing-tshiò 8 ing-tshùn) kuân ê Parian tāi-lí-tsio̍h [en] tiau-siōng; tiau-siōng sī Elláda lú-sîn, tsiânn-ū khó-lîng sī Aphrodite, hông biâu-huē tsò puànn-ló ê khu-kàn. Tsit-tsō tiau-siōng guân-pún ing-kai ū nn̄g-ki tshiú-kóo, nn̄g-ki kha-bôo, nn̄g-ê hīnn-tsu [en] lóng uân-hó bô-sûn, iah-koh ū tsi̍t-ê té-tsō. Venus ê tsiànn-hing ê ē-kha pîng ū tsi̍t-ê thiân-buán ê khang, guân-lâi sī tsi̍t-ê kim-sio̍k sún, sī iōng-lâi tsih-tsài tan-to̍k tiau-khik ê tsiànn tshiú-kóo. Bô tshiú-kóo, tō bô-huat-tōo liáu-kái tiau-siōng siōng-tāi-sing ê iūnn-siùnn; m̄-ku pháng-tsit khó-kóo ha̍k-ka Elizabeth Wayland Barber tsí-tshut, \"Milo ê Venus\" ê tsu-sè piáu-bîng Venus khó-lîng it-ti̍t teh iōng-tshiú se̍h lián-tńg.\n\nHuat-hiān hām li̍k-sú\n---------------------\n\n### Huat-hiān\n\nHuat-hiān *Milo ê Venus* tsi tē-tiám.\nTa̍k-ê phóo-phiàn jīn-uî, Milo ê Venus sī tī 1820-nî 4-gue̍h 8-ji̍t iû tsi̍t-uī1 miâ kiò-tsò Yorgos Kentrotas ê Elláda lông-bîn teh Milos kóo-siânn ê uî-tsí lāi-té tsi̍t-ê bâi-tsông ê piah-kham lāi-bīn sóo huat-hiān ê. Tsit-tsō kóo-siânn sī tsit-má ê Trypiti [en] tsng-thâu, khiā-tī Aegean-hái ê Milos-tó (iā kiongtso Melos-tó, hi̍k-tsiá Milo-tó), tong-sî tsit-ê tó sī Ottoman tè-kok ê tsi̍t-pòo-hūn.\n\nTeh kî-thann ê sóo-tsai, huat-hiān-tsiá hông khak-tīng sī Elláda jîn [en] Yorgos Bottonis hām i-ê kiánn-jî Antonio. Paul Carus [en] kā huat-hiān ê tē-tiám biâu-su̍t tsò \"Tsit-ê tó ê siú-hú Castro hù-kīn ê tsi̍t-tsō kóo-ló hì-īnn ê huè-hi\", koh póo-tshiong kóng: Bottonis hām i-ê kiánn-jî \"bô-tú-hó huat-hiān tsi̍t-ê suann-tōng, tsiânn sió-sim iōng kāu-thut-thut ê tsioh-pán kā-i khàm hōo tiâu-tiâu koh ún-tsông kah ba̍t-ba̍t-á, kî-tiong pau-hâm tsi̍t-tsun hun-tsò nn̄g-phín ê tsing-bí tāi-lí-tsio̍h tiau-siōng, í-kip kî-thann kui-á-tè tāi-lí-tsio̍h ê tshuì-phìnn. Tsia--ê tāi-tsì lóng huat-sing tī 1820-nî 2-gue̍h\". Paul Carus tsiânn bîng-hián sī khiā-tī ka-kī teh \"Sè-kí tsa̍p-tsì\" (Century Magazine) tíng-kuân tha̍k kuè ê tsi̍t-phinn bûn-tsiunn lâi tsō-tshut tsia--ê tuàn-giân.\n\nÒ-tsiu li̍k-sú ha̍k-ka Edward Duyker ín-iōng 1820-nî Huat-kok tsù-tsāi Milos-tó líng-sū Louis Brest siá ê tsit-tiunn phue, tuàn-giân tiau-siōng ê huat-hiān-tsiá sī Theodoros Kendrotas, ta̍k-ê kā i hām i-ê sè-hàn kiánn Georgios (Γεώργιος, im-i̍k tsò Yorgos) ko-m̄-tio̍h, āu-lâi Georgios suah lâi sing-tshing tsit-ê huat-hiān (Milo ê Venus) kui-kong hōo-i ka-kī. Duyker tuàn-giân Kendrotas tng-teh uì i-ê thóo-tē pian-iân ê tsi̍t-ê hông huí-huāi ê sió kàu-tn̂g lāi-té the̍h-tshut tsi̍t-kuá-á tsio̍-thâu — sió kàu-tn̂g í-tsîng sī Lô-má thé-io̍k-kuán ê tsi̍t-pòo-hūn tsi khàm-á tē — Theodoros huat-hiān tsi̍t-ê tn̂g-hong-hîng ê khang-khiong tāi-iok ū 1.2 m × 1.5 m (3 ft 11 in × 4 ft 11 in) tshim ê hué-suann gîng-hue-gâm [en]. Tsiànn-sī teh tsit-ê ū sann-ê tshiú-kóo tn̂g ê khang-khiong lāi-té, Kendrotas siōng-tāi-sing tsu-i-tio̍h tiau-siōng ê siōng-puànn-pōo.\n\nTsiànn-bīn siōngSì-hun tsi sann ê tôo-siōng [en]Āu-bīn siōng\n\nSiann-ī\n-------\n\n3D tiān-náu bôo-hîng.\nTī 1820-nî huat-hiān liáu-āu, Milo ê Venus hông jīn-uî sī tsi̍t-hi̍k-tik tsi̍t-hāng tiōng-iàu ê gē-su̍t huat-hiān, m̄-ku it-tit-kàu āu-lâi tsiah tit-tio̍h Venus tsō-uī tsok-uî ngóo-siōng ê tē-uī. Put-jî-kò, tsit-tiunn uē hông huat-hiān ê khak-tshiat tsîng-hóng koh-bô khak-tīng. Hit-tang-tsūn Napoleon lio̍k-tua̍t ê gē-su̍t siu-tsông-phín hông sàng-huê kok ê sî-tsūn, Louvre sīm-tsì kui-ê Huat-kok gē-su̍t lóng tsò-siū kú-tuā ê sún-sit. Phok-bu̍t-kuán sit-khì tsi̍t-kuá siōng piau-tsì-sìng ê tsok-phín, pí-jū Lô-má ê Laocoon hām i-ê kiánn-jî [en] í-kip Itali ê \"Medici ê Venus [en]\" (Venus de Medici). Tsē-teh Huat-kok bûn-huà tang-tiong lâu-lo̍h-lâi ê làu-tōng sī \"Milo ê Venus\" (Venus de Milo) tsiânn-tsò kok-tsè ngóo-siōng thê-kiong uân-bí ê tôo-king. Kin-kù tsá-kî ê tòo-tsuá, í-king tsai-á kah tiau-siōng hun-lî ê té-tsō tíng-kuân khik-ū ji̍t-kî, tse lóng piáu-bîng tiau-siōng sī teh kóo-tián sî-kî tsi-āu sóo tshòng-tsok ê; tsit-ê sî-kî mā-sī hōo lâng siōng hiòng-óng ê gē-su̍t sî-kî. Tse-tō tì-sú Hu̍t-kok lâng ún-muâ ki-tsō, thang-lâi teh tiau-siōng tī 1821-nî hông ín-ji̍p Louvre tsi-tsîng am-khám tsit-ê sū-si̍t. Milo ê Venus teh uē-lông tang-tiong tsiàm-kì tiōng-iàu ê uī-tì, pīng tsiânn-tsò piau-tsì-sìng ê kiàn-tiok, tse tsú-iàu sī in-uī Louvre ê phín-pâi suan-thuân ua̍h-tāng hām kiông-tiāu tiau-siōng ê tiōng-iàu-síng, tō-lâi koh-khioh--tio̍h bîn-tso̍k ê tsū-hô-kám.\n\nMilo ê Venus tī 19 sè-kí sīng-miâ tsiânn-tuā ê thîng-tōo tíng-kuân kui-kong hōo Huat-kok tong-kio̍k ê tiōng-tāi suan-thuân kang-tsok. Tī 1815-nî, Huat-kok teh hōo Napoleon Bonaparte sé-kiap liáu-āu, kā Medici ê Venus [en] (mā kiò-tsò Medici ê Venus) kui-huân hōo Itali lâng. \"Medici ê Venus\" hông jīn-uî sī hiān-tsūn siōng-hó ê kóo-tián tiau-sok tsi-it, \"Medici ê Venus\" hōo Huat-kok lâng kā \"Milo ê Venus\" (Venus de Milo) thui-kóng tsit-ê tiau-siōng pí in tsuè-kīn phah-bô-ê sio-pí tsi-hā sī koh-khah tuā ê pó-tsōng. Tsit-tsō tiau-siōng \"Milo ê Venus\" hōo tsiânn-tsē gē-su̍t-ka hām phîng-lūn-ka tiong-si̍t ê o-ló tsó iu-ngá lú-sìng-bí ê sok-iánn. Put-jî-kò, Pierre-Auguste Renoir sī phue-phîng-tsiá tsi-it, kā-i kiò-tsò \"tshin-tshiūnn hiàn-ping [en] kâng-khuán ê bí-lē\".\n\nJī-tsiàn kî-kan uì Louvre thiat-lî\n----------------------------------\n\nTeh tē-jī tshù sè-kài tāi-tsiàn kî-kan Tik-kok tshim-ji̍p tshoo-kî, Huat-kok kok-ka phok-bu̍t-kuán kuán-tiúnn Jacques Jaujard ū-kiàn-tio̍k Huat-kok ê lûn-hām, kuat-tīng tsoo-tsit kā Louvre gē-su̍t siu-tsông-phín tiat-lí káu kok-síng. \"Milo ê Venus\" hām Samothrace ê sìng-lī lú-sîn [en] pī pó-tsûn teh Valençay siânn-pó [en], tse teh ki-su̍t tíng-kuân bô-hōo Tik-kok tsiàm-líng.\n\nHiān-tāi ê iōng-tōo\n-------------------\n\nKhó-kóo ha̍k-ka hām gē-su̍t ha̍k-ka Adolf Furtwängler [en] tī 1916-nî thê-tshut ê siu-ho̍k kiàn-gī, tián-sī tiau-siōng siōng-tāi-sing khuán-siùnn.\nTsit-tsō tiau-siōng hōo hiān-tāi gē-su̍t tāi-su sán-sing ki̍k-tuā ê íng-hióng; nn̄g-ê tsú-iàu ê huān-lē sī Salvador Dalí 1936-nî ê uē-tsok \"Tsah thua-á ê Milo ê Venus\" (Venus de Milo with Drawers) hām i-ê \"Tí-huán Tàu-gû-sū [en]\" (Hallucinogenic Toreador; 1969-70 nî) kah i tiông-ho̍k ê tiau-siōng tôo-siōng.\n\nTsit-ê tiau-siōng í-tsîng sī \"Bí-kok tsíng-hîng guā-kho i-sing hia̍p-huē [en]\" (ASPS) hui-tsiong ê tsi̍t-pòo-hūn, kai hia̍p-huē sī sè-kài-siōng siōng kóo-ló ê tsíng-hîng guā-kho i-sing hia̍p-huē tsi-it.\n\nTī 2010-nî 2-gue̍h, Tik-kok tsa̍p-tsì \"Tsiau-tiám [en]\" (Focus) khan-ting tsit-tiunn Venus hōo Au-tsiu kí-tiong-tsáinn ê tshuàn-kái tôo-siōng, án-ne tì-sú tuì kì-tsiá hām tshut-pán-siā ê huí-pòng sòo-siōng. Elláda huat-īnn tshâi-tīng in bô-tsuē.\n\nLîng-kám tsok-phín\n------------------\n\nTsū-tsiông tsit-tsun tiau-siōng thâu-tsi̍t-pái lâi-kàu Louvre í-lâi, tsiânn-tsē hiān-tāi gē-su̍t-ka lóng siū-tio̍h tsit-tsun tiau-siōng ê khé-huat.\n\nKî-tiong tsī-kiánn siōng tshut-miâ ê tù-tsok sī-iû Huat-kok Āu-Íng-siōng-phài (Post-Impressionist) Paul Cézanne tshòng-tsok ê, i tī 1881-nî uē \"tsi̍t-ki iân-pit ê gián-kiú\". Līng-guā tsī-kiánn siū-tio̍h khé-huat ê tsok-phín sī René Magritte sóo uē ê, i iōng bîng-liōng ê hún-âng-sik hām tshim-nâ-sik uē tsit-ê sok-sió pán ê tsio̍h-ko, miâ kiò-tsò \"Les Menottes de Cuivre\" hi̍k-tsiá kiò-tsò \"1931-nî ê tâng tshiú-khàu\". Tsuè-kīn-ê sī \"Sin DaDa Liû-hîng\" (Neo-Dada Pop) gē-su̍t-ka Jim Dine [en] ê tsok-phín, uì 1970-nî í-lâi, i tian-tian teh i-ê tiau-sok hām huē-uē tang-tiong sú-iōng \"Milo ê Venus\"(Venus de Milo). Khó-lîng ta̍k-ê lóng tsai-á ê kái-pian tsok-phín sī Salvador Dalí ê tsok-phín, i tī 1936-nî tshòng-tsok \"Tsah thua-á ê Milo ê Venus\" (Venus de Milo aux tiroirs). Tsit-uī Se-pan-gâ tshiau-hiān-si̍t tsú-gī-tsiá tsè-tsok tsi̍t-ê puànn tshùn-tshiò ê tsio̍h-ko bôo-hîng, kā-i iû-tshat, pīng iōng kim-sio̍k suân-liú hām môo-phuê jiông-á kiû khàm-tio̍h sió-khuá-á phah-khui ê thua-á. Tsit-ê tshut-miâ tiau-sok ê lîng-kám tsài-hiān tsú-iàu teh kā \"Ài-sîn tián-sī tsi̍t-ê pài-bu̍t-kàu ê gî-jîn-huà tsi tû-kuī, lāi-té ū tsi̍t-ê pì-bi̍t thua-á, koh teh thua-á lāi-té té-muá kán-ná ū hiān-tāi tsing-sîn hun-sik-su tsiah ē-tàng kái-suat ê sìng-iok [en] tsi bê\" (Oppen & Meijer, 2019).\n\nMilo ê Venus (Venus de Milo) ê hîng-siōng teh hiān-tāi bûn-huà tang-tiong put-tuān tshut-hiān, bô-lūn sī teh tsa̍p-tsì, kóng-kò iah-sī ka-ku tsong-sik lāi-té.\n\nBûn-huà tsham-khó\n-----------------\n\nTsok-uî sè-kài-siōng siōng hōo lâng jīn-khó ê gē-su̍t-phín tsi-it, *Milo ê Venus* (Venus de Milo) teh liû-hîng bûn-huà tang-tiong hông b-sòo-tshù ê ín-iōng.\n\nTsi̍t-ê tian-tian khuànn-tio̍h ê hí-kio̍k kik-khue-hâi biâu-huē tsit-tsō tiau-siōng kù-tshing sī án-tsuánn sit-khì tshiú-kóo ê. Tī 1960-nî, Charlie Drake piáu-ián tsi̍t-pōo hí-kio̍k sió-phín, tián-sī phok-bu̍t-kuán ê guān-káng teh phah-pau ê sî-tsūn bô-sió-sim áu-tn̄g tshiú-kóo. Tī 1964-nî ê tiān-iánn \"Carry On Cleo\" kâng-khuán iōng té-kio̍k tò ti̍k-sik, tsú-iàu sī-teh tián-sī tiau-siōng án-tsuánn sit-khì tshiú-kóo. Tī 1997-nî ê Disney tiān-iánn \"Hercules [en]\" lāi-té, tsū-kak thiàu-kuè tsi̍t-tè tsiothau, bô-ì-tiong kā nn̄g-ki tshiú-kóo uì tiau-siōng tíng-kuân tìm-tsi̍h.\n\nTshiap-tshú tiau-siōng ê im-bôo sī 1966-nî oo-pe̍h-bú kan-tia̍p tiān-iánn \"Tsuè-āu ê ti̍k-kang? [en]\" (The Last of the Secret Agents) ê tiong-sim, iû Marty Allen [en] hām Steve Rossi [en] tsú-ián.\n\nMilo ê Venus tian-tian tshut-hiān teh tiān-sī tsiat-bo̍k tang-tiong koh hông bôo-hóng, pí-jū teh Tick [en] kio̍k-tsi̍p \"Armless but Not Harmless\", kî-tiong huí-luī \"Venus and Milo\" tshiúnn-kiap tsi̍t-tsō gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán, í-kip teh BBC tsîng-kíng hí-kio̍k Kan-na ū gōng-tai hām bé [en], kî-tiong Del Boy hiòng Rodney tián-sī tsi̍t-ê tiau-siōng ê bôo-hîng, sing-tshing sè-kài siōng ē-ū cheng-sîn-pēnn huān-tsiá ē-hiáng lâi tsè-tsok tsit-khuán tsi̍t-ê tsân-tsi̍t-jîn tiau-siōng.\n\n### Im-ga̍k\n\nTsit-tsō tiau-siōng mā tian-tian teh im-ga̍k tang-tiong hông thê-ki̍p. Ta̍t-tio̍h tsù-ì ê huān-lē pau-kua:\n\n* Weird Al Yankovic ê kua-khik \"Wanna B Ur Lovr\" pau-kua i-hā ê tâi-sû: \"Jû-kó guá tshò-tiāu lí-ê tshiú-kóo, lí ē khuànn-khí-lâi tshin-tshiūnn Milo ê Venus. (You'd look like Venus de Milo If I just cut off your arms.)\"\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Kousser, Rachel (2005). \"Creating the Past: The Vénus de Milo and the Hellenistic Reception of Classical Greece\". *American Journal of Archaeology*. **109** (2): 227–250. doi:10.3764/aja.109.2.227. ISSN 0002-9114. JSTOR 40024510.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ \"Aphrodite | Mythology, Worship, & Art\". *Encyclopedia Britannica* (ēng Eng-gí). 2021-04-09 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Aphrodite Known Venus de Milo\". *Louvre.fr*. France.\n4. ↑ \"Base Deception\". *Smithsonian* (ēng Eng-gí). 2019-08-28 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"statue; Vénus de Milo\". *Musée du Louvre* (ēng Eng-gí). 150. 2021-04-27 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ Postrel, Virginia (2015-05-01). \"What Was the Venus de Milo Doing With Her Arms?\". *Slate* (ēng Eng-gí). ISSN 1091-2339.\n7. ↑ Fessenden, Marissa (6 May 2015). \"The Mystery of What Venus de Milo Was Once Holding\". *Smithsonian Magazine* (ēng Eng-gí). 4 January 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.\n8. ↑ Milo ê Venus, *Encyclopædia Britannica* ê tiâu-bo̍k\n9. ↑ Carus, Paul (1916). *The Venus of Milo: An Archeological Study of the Goddess of Womanhood*. Open Court Publishing Company. p. 2. 6 April 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.\n10. ↑ Duyker 2014, pp. 61–62.\n11. ↑ Bonazzoli, Francesca; Robecchi, Michele (2014). *Mona Lisa to Marge: How the World's Greatest Artworks Entered Popular Culture*. New York: Prestel. p. 32. ISBN 9783791348773.\n12. ↑ \"Saviour of France's art: how the Mona Lisa was spirited away from the Nazis\". *The Guardian*. 2014-11-22. 2018-01-13 khòaⁿ--ê. *On 25 August 1939, Jaujard closed the Louvre for three days, officially for repair work. For three days and nights, hundreds of staff, art students and employees of the Grands Magasins du Louvre department store carefully placed treasures in white wooden cases.*\n13. ↑ \"Venus de Milo with Drawers (and PomPoms)\". *archive.thedali.org*. 2019-08-21 khòaⁿ--ê.\n14. ↑ Brent, Burt (2008). \"The Reconstruction of Venus: Following Our Legacy\". *Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery*. **121** (6): 2170–2171. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e318170a7b6.\n15. ↑ Diehn, Sonya Angelica (1 December 2011). \"Greece Pursues Venus Defamation Case\". *Courthouse News Service*. goân-loē-iông tī 7 December 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. 7 December 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n16. ↑ \"Griechisches Gericht spricht FOCUS-Journalisten frei\" [Greek Court acquits Focus journalists]. *Burda Newsroom* (ēng Tek-gí). 3 April 2012. goân-loē-iông tī 15 July 2012 hőng khó͘-pih.\n17. ↑ \"Charlie Drake's Christmas Show\". 26 December 1960. p. 25 – via BBC Genome.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* Curtis, Gregory (2003). *Disarmed: The Story of the Venus de Milo*. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0375415234. OCLC 51937203.  (Eng-gí)\n* Duyker, Edward (2014). *Dumont d'Urville: Explorer and Polymath*. Dunedin, New Zealand: Otago University Press. ISBN 978-1877578700.  (Eng-gí)\n* Nicholas, Lynn H. (May 1995) [1994]. *The Rape of Europa: The Fate of Europe's Treasures in the Third Reich and the Second World War*. New York City: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-679-40069-1. OCLC 32531154.  (Eng-gí)\n* Venus de Milo: *The Oxford Dictionary of Art* (Eng-gí)\n* James Grout, *Venus de Milo*, part of the *Encyclopædia Romana* (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Tiau-siōng [en]\n* Knidos ê Aphrodite [en]\n* JSTOR\n* Siàu-siōng uē [en] (Portrait painting)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Venus de Milo*** |\n\n* Musée du Louvre – Louvre Museum: *Venus de Milo* (Eng-gí)\n* 3D model of *Venus de Milo* via photogrammetric survey of an 1850 Louvre atelier plaster cast at Skulpturhalle Basel museum (Eng-gí)\n* A Vox documentary discussing the modern history of the Venus (Eng-gí)\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 195011024\n* LCCN: n99006708\n* GND: 4206801-0\n* BNF: cb11988595b (data)\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Milo ê Venus","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3582,14600,0.24534246575342467],"infobox":["
    Milo ê Venus
    \nElláda-gú: Αφροδίτη της Μήλου (Afrodíti tis Mílou)
    \n\"Venus
    Gē-su̍t-ka\nAlexandros of Antioch
    Nî\nTī kong-guân-tsîng 150-nî tsì 125-nî tsi-kan
    Châi-liāu\nParian tāi-lí-tsio̍h [en]
    Chú-tê\nVenus
    Chhùn-chhioh\n204 cm (6 ft 8 in)
    Chōng-hóng\nTshiú-kut hông áu-tn̄g, tshun-ê pōo-hūn uân-hó bô-sûn
    Só͘-chāi\nParis Louvre phok-bu̍t-kuán
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":16825}} -{"text":"\n**Tâi-oân Bîn-chú Ki-kim-hōe** (hàn-gú: 臺灣民主基金會) sī Tâi-oân ūi-tio̍h chiap-kúi kok-chè siā-hōe ê bîn-chú le̍k-liōng, thàu-kòe hām kok-kok bîn-chú-hòa ê lí-liām kau-liû kap keng-giām hun-hiáng, chi̍t hong-bīn khip-siu sian-chìn bîn-chú kok-ka ê bîn-chú ūn-chok keng-giām, pēng siān-chīn kiōng-tông î-hō͘ bîn-chú phó͘-sè kè-ta̍t ê kok-chè chek-jīm, iân-sio̍k choân-kiû tē-saⁿ pho bîn-chú-hòa ūn-tōng ê lêng-liōng; lēng chi̍t hong-bīn chhî-sio̍k thui-tōng Tâi-oân bîn-chú phín-chit ê thê-seng, pēng chioh-tio̍h choân-kiû bîn-chú liân-hē bāng-lō͘ ê chek-ke̍k chham-ú, khok-tāi cheng-chhú kok-chè siā-hōe ê jīn-tông kap chi-chhî.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Our Ideas\". Taiwan Foundation for Democracy. goân-loē-iông tī 2 August 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 11 April 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Tâi-oân Bîn-chú Ki-kim-hōe*** |\n\n* Taiwan Foundation for Democracy in English\n* 台灣民主基金會 (*Táiwān Mínzhǔ jījīnhuì*) in Chinese\n* World Forum for Democracy in Asia\n* Asia Democracy and Human Rights Award\n* IHRFG: Taiwan Foundation for Democracy","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Bîn-chú Ki-kim-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[615,1274,0.4827315541601256],"infobox":["
    Taiwan Foundation for Democracy
    (財團法人臺灣民主基金會)
    \n
    \n
    Teh Tâi-pak-chhī Tāi-an-khu ê TFD tsóng-pōo
    Sêng-li̍p\n2003-nî 6-gue̍h 17
    Chóng-pō͘\nTâi-uân Tâi-pak
    Chú-iàu jîn-bu̍t
    		\nSo͘ Ka-choân (Táng-sū-tiúnn)
    David Lin (Hù táng-sū-tiúnn)
    Bāng-chām\nwww.tfd.org.tw
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1245}} -{"text":"\n **Tī Tâi-ôan ê Oa̍t-lâm-lâng** sī kóng tòa tī Tâi-ôan ê Oa̍t-lâm-lâng, chú-iàu sī tī Tâi-ôan chò khang-khòe, ia̍h-sī chham Tâi-ôan-lâng kiat-hun lî-chhiáⁿ î-bîn Tâi-ôan. Kî-tiong mā ū chi̍t-kóa sī hui-hoat î-bîn, ia̍h jîn-kháu hòan-bē ê siū-hāi-chiá. Tī Tâi-ôan ê Oa̍t-lâm-lâng tû-liáu Oa̍t-cho̍k í-gōa, mā-ū chi̍t-kóa sī Oa̍t-lâm Hôa-jîn\n.\n\nKin-kì 2006 nî ê thóng-kè, Tâi-ôan tāi-iok ū 104,807 ê Oa̍t-lâm kok-che̍k chía teh oa̍h-tāng, kî-tiong tōa-pō͘-hūn sī lô-kang. Kàu 2007 nî 10 go̍eh ûi-chí, ha̍p-kè ū 69,464 miâ Oa̍t-lâm lô-kang tī Tâi-ôan kang-chok. Lēng-gōa, tī 2006 nî, lóng-chóng ū 10,173 miâ Oa̍t-lâm-lâng kui-hòa chòe Tiong-hôa-bîn-kok kok-che̍k, chiàm kui-nî kui-hòa Tiong-hôa-bîn-kok jîn-sò͘ ê 85%, tōa-hūn sī lú-sèng.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Tâi-oân ê Ìn-nî-lâng\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ 台灣、中國、越南三方合作搞偷渡 16越南人 搶灘落網 - 自由時報\n2. ↑ 楊聰榮。《從越南觀點看越南台灣人：越僑全球化與移民精神》。\n3. ↑ 越南華僑勤學中文 敞開心門迎接新生 - 大愛新聞\n4. ↑ 外僑居留人數按國籍分 - 中華民國內政部\n5. ↑ 外籍勞工人數－按國籍分 - 中華民國勞委會\n6. ↑ 我國國籍之歸化、回復及喪失 - 中華民國內政部","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân ê Oa̍t-lâm-lâng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[344,1087,0.31646734130634774],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1244}} -{"text":"Tâi 74 soàⁿ ê phiau-á\n**Séng-tō Tâi 74 soàⁿ** sī Tâi-oân se-pō͘ 1 tiâu Tang-se-hiòng Khoài-sok Kong-lō͘ -- Chiang-Pin Tâi-tiong Soàⁿ, Khoài-koaⁿ (快官) Kau-liû-tō chì Pak-tūn-toan (北屯端) chit-koe̍h hō-chò Tiong-Chiang Khoài-sok Tō-lō͘. Tâi 74 soàⁿ kā Tiong-san Ko-sok Kong-lō͘, Formosa Ko-sok Kong-lō͘ (Jī-ko) kap Ko-sok-thih-lō͘ chiah-ê lâm-pak-hiòng tō-lō͘ kap-chò 1-ê kau-thong-bāng.\n\nKán-kài\n-------\n\nTiong-Chiang Khoài-sok Tō-lō͘ tī 2002 nî 5 goe̍h 5 thong-chhia, lâm ùi Chiang-hòa-chhī Khoài-koaⁿ tē-khu khai-sí, óng-pak ha̍ⁿh-kòe Tōa-tō͘-khe liáu-āu tī O͘-ji̍t-khu kap Tâi-tiong Seng-oa̍h-khoan 2-hō-soàⁿ (Hoân-Tiong-lō͘ 環中路) ha̍p chò-hóe, hām Tiong-san Ko-sok Kong-lō͘ pêng-hêng. Pak-tūn-toan sòa leh sio-chiap Hoân-Tiong-lō͘, bī-lâi àn-sǹg ē kap Kok-tō 4-hō sio-chiap. Kui tiâu lō͘ sī ko-kè siang-hiòng 6 chhia-tō.\n\nKhoài-koaⁿ Kau-liû-tō óng-sai kap Kok-tō 3-hō kāng soàⁿ, tī Hô-bí Kau-liû-tō pun--khùi, thàng Chiang-Pin Kang-gia̍p-khu. Óng-lâm chiap khì Tâi 74 soàⁿ/Chiang-hòa Tang-gōa-hoân-tō (74-kah), liân-lo̍k Chiang-hòa-chhī Tang-khu, Hun-hn̂g-hiong kap Hoe-toâⁿ-hiong téng-tē.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Kong-lō͘ Chóng-kio̍k lō͘-soàⁿ tô͘\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân ê séng-tō |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Khoài-sok kong-lō͘ hē-thóng | \n* 61\n\t+ Kah ·It\n* 62\n\t+ Kah\n* 63\n\t+ Kah\n* 64\n* 65\n* 66\n* 68\n\t+ Kah\n* 72\n* 74\n\t+ Kah\n* 76\n* 78\n* 82\n* 84\n* 86\n* 88\n\n | |\n| |\n| Khoân-tó kong-lō͘ hē-thóng | \n* 1\n\t+ Kah ·It ·Piáⁿ ·Teng ·Bō͘ ·Kí\n* 9\n\t+ Kah ·It ·Piáⁿ ·Teng ·Bō͘\n\n |\n| |\n| Hoâiⁿ-koàn kong-lō͘ hē-thóng | \n* 7\n\t+ Kah ·It ·Piáⁿ ·Teng\n* 8\n\t+ Kah\n* 16\n* 20\n\t+ Kah ·It\n\n |\n| |\n| Chhiòng-koàn kong-lō͘ hē-thóng | \n* 3\n\t+ Kah ·It ·Piáⁿ\n* 13\n\t+ Kah\n* 19\n\t+ Kah\n* 21\n\t+ Kah\n* 29\n\n |\n| |\n| Pin-hái kong-lō͘ hē-thóng | \n* 2\n\t+ Kah ·It ·Piáⁿ ·Teng ·Bō͘ ·Kí ·Keⁿ\n* 11\n\t+ Kah ·It ·Piáⁿ\n* 15\n\t+ Kah\n* 17\n\t+ Kah\n\t+ It\n* 26\n\n |\n| |\n| Ko-thih liân-goā kong-lō͘ | \n* 31\n* 35\n* 37\n* 39\n\n |\n| |\n| Liân-lo̍k kong-lō͘ hē-thóng | \n* 4\n* 5\n\t+ Kah\n* 6\n* 10\n\t+ It\n* 12\n* 14\n\t+ Kah ·It ·Piáⁿ ·Teng\n* 18\n* 22\n* 23\n* 24\n* 25\n* 27\n\t+ Kah\n* 28\n* 30\n\n |\n| |\n| Tâi-oân ê kong-lō͘ ê hun-kip: Kok-tō - Séng-tō - Koān-tō (Chhī-tō) - Hiong-tō (Khu-tō) - Choan-iōng kong-lō͘ |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi 74 soàⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[729,1825,0.39945205479452056],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2662}} -{"text":"\n**Té pò** (hàn-gú: 邸报; ing-gú: Dibao (ancient Chinese gazette)); koh kiò-tsò Té Tshau (邸抄), Tiâu pò (朝報), Tiâu pó (條報), Tsa̍p pó (雜報)) sī iōng teh Tiong-kok kok tiâu-tāi tiâu-tîng thong-pó ê tsi̍t-tsióng kong-kò-sìng ê sin-bûn pò-tsuá, tsuan-bûn iōng teh tiâu-tîng thuân-ti kong-sī ê bûn-su hām tsìng-tī tsìng-iàu ê sin-bûn bûn-tshau, siōng-tsá tshut-hiān teh Tiong-kok ê hân-tài. Té pò ê tsok-iōng siong-tong kin-á-ji̍t ê tsù-tsāi Pak-kiann ê sin-bûn ki-kòo, sī teh Tiong-iong tsìng-hú tiong-tshu pōo-mn̂g thóng-it kuán-lí tsi-hā huat-hîng. Té pò ê tiōng-tiám teh thuân-ta̍t tiâu-tsìng siau-sit, nā-sī thian-tsú ê tsiàu-thik (詔敕), sîn-liâu tsàu-gī (臣僚奏議) í-kip iú-kuan kuann-uân jīm-bián tiàu-tshian tíng-tíng, lóng-sī té-lī (邸吏) in sóo su-iàu siu-tsi̍p tshau-lio̍k ê luē-iông.\n\nİû-î Té pò siōng-tāi-sian sī-iû tiâu-tîng lāi-pōo thuân-tshau, liáu-āu tō tah--ê kiong-mn̂g, hōo ta̍k-ke thuân-tshau, \"ia̍h hōo-siong thuân-pò, án-ne hông tsai-iánn tiâu-tsìng.\", sóo-í koh kiò-tsò \"kiong-mn̂g tshau\" (宮門抄), \"uân-mn̂g tshau\" (轅門抄), si̍t-tsè siōng tio̍h-sī siōng-tsá ê tsi̍t-tsióng sin-bûn huat-pòo ê hong-sik.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Lamont, Ian, \"The Rise of the Press in Late Imperial China\" Ia̍h-bīn tshûn tóng pī-hūn\n, November 27, 2007. (Hàn-gí)\n2. ↑ 余继登《典故纪闻》275页. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Sòng-pāi lūi-chhau [zh] (Sòng-pāi luī-tshau)\n* Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau [zh] (Tshing-pāi luī-tshau)\n* Iú-iông cha̍p-chú [zh] (Iú-iông tsa̍p-tsú)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* , *Canadian Library Journal*, 1992\n* Mitchell Stephens, History of Newspapers For Collier's Encyclopedia\\* \\*\n* 歷史篇下冊備課講義第一二章 (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Té pò","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[585,1722,0.3397212543554007],"infobox":["
    Té pò
    Type\nTsìng-hú thuân-ta̍t kong-sī
    Format\nTuā-pò [en]
    Owner(s)\nTsìng-hú tshut-pán
    Founded\nSe-hàn - Tshing-tiâu Iong-tsìng
    Language\nHàn-gú
    Headquarters\nTiong-kok
    Country\nTiong-kok
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1826}} -{"text":"**Tōo Hōng-tī** (hàn-gú: 杜鳳治; 1814-nî 6-gue̍h 11ji̍t - 1883-nî 4-gue̍h 4-ji̍t), jī Pênn-siok (平叔), hō Hiō-san (後山), Tiong-kok tsiat-kang siāu-hin [en] siāu-hin [en] san-im tiông-tn̂g [en]-jîn, Tshing-tiâu tsìng-tī jîn-bu̍t, kú-jîn [zh] tshut-sin.\n\nSing-ping\n---------\n\nTōo Hōng-tī ka-tso̍k tsò-kuann ê lâng bē-tsió, Lé-pōo sū-lông Tōo-liân [zh] (杜聯) sī Tōo Hōng-tī ka-tso̍k lâi ê ti̍t-á, Liû-iông ti-kuān [zh] Tōo Kim-kàm (杜金鑒) sī Tōo Hōng-tī ê a-peh. Hōng-tī gín-á sî-tsūn tuè-tio̍h Tōo Hōng-tī ê lāu-pē Tōo Kim-kàm (杜清鑒) tuè-tio̍h a-peh tsò-kuann khì-kàu Ôo-lâm. Tī 1843-nî, Tōo Hōng-tī kho-tiâu Tō-kong [en] kuí-báu sūn-then [zh] hiong-tshì [zh] hù-kòng, tī 1844-nî khó-tshú Tō-kong kap-sîn un-kho kú-jîn [zh] kong-bîng. 1847-nî huē-tshì pò-miâ liáu-āu, in-uī lāu-pē kuè-sin hām Thài-pîng thian-kok ê guân-in, Tōo Hōng-tī bô-tàng tsài-tōo tsham-ka huē-tshì, tshú-āu iah-bô hi̍k-tit tsìn-sū ê kong-bîng. Thong-kuè \"tāi-thiau\" (大挑) tsè-tōo, Tōo Hōng-tī tsiân-āu 30 guā-pái tsham-ka thiau-suán kú-jîn uî ti-kuān [zh] ê bīn-tshì, lóng bô suán-tiâu. Hit-tong-sî, kú-jîn thong-kuè phīng-sue-ōng kuān-līng póo-khuat ê kài-lu̍t tsiânn-kē, tsik-sú sī tsìn-sū mā-ū khó-lîng beh tán-hāu tsiânn-tsē nî. Tōo Hōng-tī tsū-án-ne hòng-khì hāu-suán tsu-keh, hiòng tiâu-tîng kuan-khuán to-ē ka-khuài pōo-khuat ê tîng-su, tsuè-āu tī Tông-tī 5-nî khò-tio̍h ūn-khì tit--tio̍h Kńg-tang kóng-lîng-kuān kuān-līng 的 tsit-uī.\n\nTông-tī 10-nî (1871-nî), tam-jīm tshing-tiâu Kńg-tsiu-hú [zh] Lâm-hái-kuān ti-kuān [zh]. Liáu-āu Lâm-hái-kuān ti-kuān [zh] iû Ia̍p Tāi-tông [zh] tsiap-jīm.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 邱捷 (2021). *晚清官场镜像--杜凤治日记研究*. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社. ISBN 9787520182010.  (Hàn-gí)\n2. ↑ 政协南海县委员会文史组 (1983.07). *南海文史资料 第2辑*. 政协南海县委员会. pp. 90–94.  (Hàn-gí)\n3. ↑ 《南海市政府志》编纂委员会编纂 (2007.11). *南海市政府志 2007*. 广州：广东经济出版社. pp. 79–83. ISBN 978-7-80728-749-0.  (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 邱捷,\"晚清官場鏡像--杜鳳治日記研究\",社會科學文獻出版社.北京.2021-05. ISBN 978-7-5201-8201-0 (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* kú-jîn [zh]\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 访谈︱邱捷：州县官杜凤治日记中的晚清官场 (Hàn-gí)\n* 杜凤治日记：53岁终于当上广东广宁县知县，靠的是氪金买官和运气 (Hàn-gí)\n* 邱捷、刘志伟：把读者带进活生生历史现场的《杜凤治日记》 (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Tō͘ Hōng-tī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[607,2225,0.27280898876404497],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2568}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\n**Tek-chhàm-siâⁿ** sī Tâi-oân tī Chheng léng sî-tāi Iong-chèng goân nî (1723 nî) tī tㆩ sin-tek-chhī tiong-sim khí ê sêng-hông, sī hit-tang-chūn Tām-chúi-thiaⁿ thiaⁿ-tī só͘-chāi-tē, āu-lâi Tâi-pak-hú siat-li̍p, Tām-chúi-thiaⁿ siâⁿ kái chò Sin-tek-koān siâⁿ. Chit-má chhun lo̍h-lâi ê siâⁿ-tî sī tī Tō-kong 9 nî (1829 nî) khí hó ê. Ū-sī mā ē iōng \"Tek-chhàm-siâⁿ\" chheng-ho͘ Sin-tek-chhī. Gêng-hi-mn̂g (迎曦-) sī taⁿ ûi-it lâu lo̍h-lâi ê siâⁿ-mn̂g, sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok ê kok-tēng kó͘-chek.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n*Tām-chúi-thiaⁿ chì* (1871 nî) lāi-té ê Tek-chhàm-siâⁿ tô͘\nChheng-tiâu tú-á thóng-tī Tâi-oân ê sî, kiaⁿ liû-bîn ē hoán-loān, bat kìm-chí Tâi-oân khí chio̍h-chng-á siâⁿ, só͘-í Tek-chhàm-siâⁿ goân-pún sī iōng chèng tek-á tāi-thè chng-á piah. 1806 nî chèng-hú kā tek-á-siâⁿ kái chò thó͘ siâⁿ. 1827 nî, Tēⁿ Iōng-sek kiàn-gī khí chio̍h-chng-á siâⁿ, Chheng-tiâu chèng-hú tông-ì liáu-āu, tī keh-nî khai-sí khí chng-á siâⁿ.\n\nTī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi, chèng-hú tī Tâi-oân si̍t-si chhī-khu kái-chèng. 1902 nî, siâⁿ-piah kah siâⁿ-lâu lóng hō͘ thiah-tû, kan-na chhun tang-mn̂g (Gêng-hi-mn̂g) lâu lo̍h-lâi. Hō͘-siâⁿ-hô mā pìⁿ chò chúi-chùn.\n\nSiòng-phìⁿ\n----------\n\n* Gêng-hi-mn̂g siâⁿ-lâuGêng-hi-mn̂g siâⁿ-lâu\n* Gêng-hi-mn̂g téng-koân ê pián, 1828 nî siá êGêng-hi-mn̂g téng-koân ê pián, 1828 nî siá ê\n* Siâⁿ-mn̂gSiâⁿ-mn̂g\n* Lō͘ tiong-ng îⁿ-khoân lāi-té ê Gêng-hi-mn̂gLō͘ tiong-ng îⁿ-khoân lāi-té ê Gêng-hi-mn̂g\n* Kiô-tun ûi-chekKiô-tun ûi-chek\n* Sin Kiàn Tâi-oân-hú Tām-chúi-theng Sêng Pi KìSin Kiàn Tâi-oân-hú Tām-chúi-theng Sêng Pi Kì\n* Tek-chhàm-siâⁿ hō͘-siâⁿ-hôTek-chhàm-siâⁿ hō͘-siâⁿ-hô\n\nChham-khó Chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ 環輿資料庫採訪編輯 (2010). *《桃竹苗》*. 環輿. pp. 第115頁. ISBN 9789866825484.\n\n* 新竹文化地圖，潘國正編，1997\n\nGōa-pō͘ Liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Hsinchu City East Gate*** |\n\n* 新竹市政府全球資訊網 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n* 新竹文化歷史古蹟 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n* 中央氣象局24H全天監視竹塹城即時影像 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n* 新竹的發展 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn","meta":{"title":"Tek-chhàm-siâⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[612,1778,0.344206974128234],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2336}} -{"text":"\n***Hanasaku Iroha*** (Ji̍t-gí: 花咲くいろは, Hàn-gí: ***Hoe Khui Bu̍t-gú***(花開物語)) sī Ji̍t-pún ê goân-chhòng tōng-oē. Iû P.A.Works chè-chok.\n\nKò͘-sū\n------\n\nChhut-sin tī Tang-kiaⁿ ê chú-kak Siông-chiân Sū-hoa sī chi̍t-ê siūⁿ-beh kap \"chit-má ê ka-kī\" bô kāng-khoán ê 16 hoè cha-bó͘ ko-tiong-siⁿ.Ū-chi̍t-kang, i pī-pek kàu in a-má khui ê un-choâⁿ lú-koán chia̍h-thâu-lō͘. Tī hia, i tú-tio̍h pah-pah-koán ê lâng.\n\nJîn-bu̍t\n--------\n\nSiông-chiân Sū-hoa (Matsumae Ohana)\nI sī chit-ê ū-oa̍h-la̍t koh chek-ke̍k lo̍k-koan ê cha-bó͘-gín-a. Tī in a-bú kap lâm-pêng-iú cháu-lō͘ láu-āu, tio̍h ka-kī káu a-má khui ê un-choâⁿ lú-koán \"Hí-chhùi-chong\" toà.\nHo̍k-lâi Bîn-chú (Tsurugi Minko)\nI tī \"Hí-chhùi-chong\" chò chóng-pò͘-sai ê sai-á, mā toà tī hia. I chi̍t-khai-sí bô kah-ì Sū-hoa, koh kiò i ah-kiáⁿ-nn̄g (hobiron), m̄-koh āu-lâi mā tòng-chò i si pêng-iú.\nAp-súi Chhài-chú (Oshimizu Nako)\nHí-chhùi-chong ê ha̍k-siⁿ-á-kang. Chin kiaⁿ-siⁿ-hūn.\nHô-chhong Kiat-beng (Wakura Yuina)\nKeh-pià Ho̍k-ok Lú-koán ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ. Kap Sū-hoa hām Bîn-chú sî tông-chhong.\nChéng-chhun Hàu-it (Tanemura Kōichi)\nSū-hoa ê ho-pêng-iú. I tī Sū-hoa beh lī-khui Tang-kiaⁿ ê sî tùi i kò-pe̍h, m̄-koh kiaⁿ thiaⁿ-tio̍h i ê hoê-hok, tio̍h liu--khì--ah.\nSù-si̍p-bān Chhùi (Shijiman Sui)\nSū-hoa ê a-má, Hí-chhùi-chong ê thâu-ke-niû. I tùi i ê oân-kang chioh giâm-keh.\nLûn-tó Pa (Wajima Tomoe)\nHí-chhùi-chong ê nè-chiàng. Tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hō͘ in lāu-bú thê-chhéⁿ ài chhoē chi̍t-ê ang hó kiat-hun.\nSù-si̍p-bān Iân (Shijiman Enishi)\nSū-hoa ê a-kū. Sè-hàn ê sî tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hō͘ in a-chí ki-hu.\nKiong-gān Thiat (Miyagishi Tōru)\nHí-chhùi-chong ê siàu-liân chóng-pò͘-sai. Tī chàu-kha kā Bîn-chú chí-tō.\nHū-kian Liân-jī (Togashi Renji)\nHí-chhùi-chong ê schóng-pò͘-sai. Bīn-iông giâm-siok, bô-oē-bô-kù. Tī Hí-chhùi-chong chia̍h-thâu-lō͘ oá-beh 20 tang.\nChhoan-kho Chông-chú (Kawajiru Takako)\nIân ê tāi-ha̍k tông-chhong. Āu-lâi kap i kiat-hun, piān-chò Sū-hoa ê a-kīm.\n\nMûi-thé\n-------\n\n### Tōng-oē\n\n*Hanasaku Iroha* ū 26 chi̍p, iû P.A.Works chè-chok, Ang-têng Chin-jū tō-ián. Chit-chhut 2011 nî 4 goe̍h kàu 6 goe̍h tī Ji̍t-pún ê Tokyo MX hòng-sàng. Hē-lia̍t kò͘-sêng sī Kong-tiân Mâ-lí, Koan-kháu Ko-nāi-bī chù Gān-tiân Mel ê goân-àn siat-kè jîn-bu̍t. Im-hióng chí-tō sī Bêng-tiân-chhoan Jîn, chè-chok im-ga̍k ê sī Pin-kháu Sí-lông.\n\n### Bàng-gah\n\n* Kāng-miâ kái-phian ang-á-tô͘ tī < Goe̍h-khan GAN GAN JOKER> ê 2010- nî 12-ge̍h hō khai-sí liân-chài, Chhian-tiân Oē-jîn choh oē.\n* < Hoe khui Bu̍t-gí Green Girls Graffiti> tī 2011- nî 7-ge̍h-1-ji̍t-khí tī Web Comics Gekkin bāng-lō͘ liân-chài, Sè-soat Sûn choh oē.\n\n### Tiān-iáⁿ\n\n< Kio̍k-tiûⁿ-pán Hoe-khui Bu̍t-gí HOME SWEET HOME> \n2013 nî 3-ge̍h-9-ji̍t khai-sí Se̍k-chhoan-koān lāi ê 4 ê kio̍k-tiûⁿ poaⁿ, tâng-nî 3-ge̍h-30-ji̍t choân-kok hòng-sàng. Chú-iàu kang-chok jîn-oân kap tam-tng siaⁿ-iu ham tiān-sì-pán kâng-khoán. ' Goá siūⁿ-beh koh-khah hiáⁿ-ba̍k …… !' Oân-choân sin chò ê loē-iông, biâu-su̍t seh-tōng-chè chìn-chêng ê chhiu-ji̍t só͘-hoat-seng ê tāi-chì.\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Hoe-khui Bu̍t-gí tiān-sī tōng-oē koaⁿ-bāng Archived 2020-07-30 at the Wayback Machine.\n* ke̍k-tiûⁿ-pán Hoe-khui Bu̍t-gí HOME SWEET HOME koaⁿ-bāng Archived 2021-04-11 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Hoe-khui Bu̍t-gí koaⁿ-bāng blog\n* 花咲くいろは - 連載作品 - ガンガン JOKER SQUARE ENIX- Archived 2012-01-12 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Hanasaku Iroha","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[542,3181,0.17038667085822068],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3729}} -{"text":"2004 nî Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ tōa tē-tāng liáu khí-kau-lêng.\n**Hái-tiòng** (海漲), ia̍h kiò **chu-ná-mih** (Ji̍t-pún-gí: 津波, *tsunami*), **Hái-ek** (海溢), **khí-kau-lêng** (起蛟龍), **kún-kau-lêng** (滾蛟龍), sī chi̍t-chióng lêng-liōng chhiau-kiông, phò-hāi lêng-le̍k cha̍p-chiok tōa ê hái-éng, sī sò·-it sò·-jī ê chū-jiân chai-lân. Tng-tong hái-té hoat-seng kiông-lia̍t ê tē-tāng, tī chín-tōng-pho chok-iōng chi-hā, tōa-hái tòe leh chhia-pho̍ah-péng, hêng-sêng béng koh kiông ê kū-éng kah kông-tô, 1-éng tu 1-éng, ùi tē-tāng ê tiong-sim khu-he̍k put-tōan hiòng sì-kho·-lìn-tńg sìn-sok khok-sòaⁿ, kàu-bóe chhiau-lêng-liōng ê hái-éng chhiong-kòe hái-hōaⁿ,chhiong-chiūⁿ lio̍k-tē, kā iân-hái ê thó·-tē lóng-chóng im-liáu-liáu, chō-sêng húi-bia̍t-sèng ê chai-lān. Che to̍h-sī \"hái-tiòng\" (chu-ná-mih / khí-kau-lêng / kún-kau-lêng).\n\nBo̍k-chiân, chhan-chhiūⁿ tē-tāng, hóe-soaⁿ po̍k-hoat, hái-tiòng chit-khóan ê chū-jiân chai-hāi, kan-na ē-tàng thong-kòe koan-chhek lâi ū-hông a̍h-sī kiám-chió sún-sit, khiok-sī bô-hoat-tō· chó·-chí in ê hoat-seng.\n\nHái-chúi khí-kau-lêng ê tiâu-kiāⁿ\n---------------------------------\n\nTōa-hái hoat-seng tē-tāng ê sî, ká-sú tē-tāng ê tiong-sim-tiám kū-lī hái-té bô chhiau-kòe 50 kong-lí, jî-chhiáⁿ tē-tāng ê kui-bô· ta̍t-kàu Richter scale 6.5 kip, an-ne, to̍h-ē hoat-seng hái-tiòng. \n\nHái-tiòng sán-seng ê pho-tn̂g (Hôa-gí:波长) pí hái-iûⁿ siōng-tōa ê chhim-tō· koh-khah tōa, i tī hái-té ê thôan-pò· mā bē siū-tio̍h chin-tōa ê chó·-gāi, iā-to̍h-sī kóng bô-lūn hái ū lōa chhim, hái-tiòng sán-seng ê lêng-liōng lóng ē-tàng thôan-sàng chhut--khì. Chu-ná-mih tī hái-té ê thôan-sàng sok-tō· liōng-ki-iok sī múi tiám-cheng 500~1000 kong-lí. kha-tòe-kha ê 2-tīn hái-éng, siōng tōa ê kū-lī khiám-chhái ē-tàng ta̍t-kàu gō·-la̍k-pah kong-lí. Béng-éng chóng-sī ùi hái-tiong-ng ti̍t-thàu im tùi lio̍k-tē lâi, lú kīn hái-kîⁿ, hái-éng ê tòa-tô kôan-tō· lú kôan, siāng-kôan sīm-chì ū kúi-lo̍h-cha̍p bí kôan, bōe-su ná \"chúi-chhiûⁿ\".\n\nĒ chhut-hiān khí-kau-lêng, sī in-ūi tē-tāng ín-hoat hái-chúi kiông-lia̍t teh kún-ká. Chit-ê sî-chūn hái-éng hām phó·-thong-sî ôan-chôan bô-sio-siâng. Phó·-thong-sî, hái-éng pho-tòng ê chhim-tō· chin iú-hān, ah hái-chúi khí-kau-lêng ê sî, sī kui khut hái teh se̍h, teh péng, hit-chióng chêng-hêng to̍h ná-chhin-chhiūⁿ to-chí-sai teh chhá-chhài, péng-lâi péng-khì, lāng-kôan lāng-ke. \n\nTû-liáu chū-jiân tē-tāng ē ín-khí hái-tiòng í gōa, jîn-ûi ê **chúi-té he̍k-po̍k** hêng-ûi mā ū khó-lêng ín-khí.\n\nIú-koan ê le̍k-sú kì-chài\n-------------------------\n\nChôan tē-kiû lâi kóng, chu-ná-mih hoat-seng ê khu-he̍k, kí-ho· hām tē-tāng hun-pò·-tài beh kāng beh kāng. Le̍k-sú kì-chài, ū phò-hāi-sèng ê hái-tiòng tāi-iok hoat-seng kòe 260-pái, pêng-kin 6~7 nî 1-pái. Khôan-Thài-pêng-iûⁿ tē-khu siāng chia̍p hoat-seng chu-ná-mih chai-lān, tāi-iok chiàm kàu 8-siâⁿ. Ji̍t-pún sī chôan-kiû hoat-seng chu-ná-mih siāng-kài chē ê kok-ka.\n\nKīn nî lâi, kui-bô· khah tōa ê hái-tiòng：\n\n* 2006 nî 7 goe̍h 17, Ìn-nî goā-hái koh hoat-seng 7.7-kip ê tē-tāng, hái-tiòng tī Java-tó lâm-hoāⁿ khí-soaⁿ, ū 54,000-lâng hông chhian-soá, 200-ê lâng sit-chong, chhiau-koè 525-ê lâng sí-bông.\n\n* 2004 nî 12 goe̍h 26, Ìn-nî gōa hái 9-kip tōa tē-tāng ín-hoat hái-tiòng, chō-sêng 20-gōa-bān lâng sí-bông.\n\n* 1998 nî 7 goe̍h, sio-liân-sòa 2-pái 7-kip hái-té tē-tāng, chō-sêng Papua Sin Guinea tāi-iok 2100 lâng bô-miā.\n\n* 1992 nî 9 goe̍h, Nicaragua hoat-seng hái-tiòng.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85138348\n* GND: 4261303-6\n* NDL: 00573521\n* NKC: ph305439\n* BNE: XX541964\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Hái-tiòng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[517,3393,0.1523725316828765],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4035}} -{"text":"Tsian-ke toe a-si Tiò-hî-tó khong-tsoe toe, Jı̍t-pún ko-to kau-thong sing 1978.\n**Tiò-hî-tó būn-toê**, ia̍h-sī **Tiò-hî-tâi liat-sū būn-tôe**, **Tiò-hî-tó kah kî hū-sio̍k tó-sū būn-tê** téng (Ji̍t-pún hō͘-choè 尖閣諸島問題 *Senkaku Shotō mondai* [bun-tê]), sī le̍k-sú siōng Tiong-kok kah Jı̍t-pún tī Tiò-hî-tó chit-tè thó·-tē sán-seng chú-kôan cheng-gī ê būn-tôe.\n\nBūn-tôe ê kin-gôan\n------------------\n\nBêng-tiâu chho·-kî, Tiò-hî-tó to̍h í-keng bêng-khak sī Tiong-kok ê léng-thó·, Bêng, Chheng 2 tiâu-tē lóng-chóng kā Tiò-hî-tó ōe-jı̍p ka-kī ê hái-hông kóan-ha̍t hōan-ûi. Kong-gôan 1880 nî, Jı̍t-pún koaⁿ-hong hiòng Chheng-tiâu chèng-hú thê-kau ê iú-koan Ryukyu ê kok-thó· hōan-ûi ê bûn-su, pēng bô pau-hâm Tiò-hî-tó. iā-to̍h-sī kóng hit-tong-sî ê Jı̍t-pún chèng-hú jīn-ûi Tiò-hî-tó sī Tiong-kok ê léng-thó·. Kàu-kah 1895-nî Má-koan tiâu-iok chhiam-tèng ê chìn-chêng 3 kò go̍eh, Jı̍t-pún chèng-hú kèng-jiân kā Tiò-hî-tó hām sì-chiu-ûi ê tó-sū lia̍t-jı̍p Okinawa-kōan ê kóan-ha̍t hōan-ûi. 1943-nî Khai-lô soan-giân seng-bêng, Jı̍t-pún chiong chìn-chêng chiàm-niá ê Tiong-kok léng-thó· pau-koat Tang-pak, Tâi-ôan, Phêⁿ-ô· lia̍t-tó chāi-lāi ê thó·-tē hêng hō· Tiong-kok. 20 sè-kí 60 nî-tāi, Tiò-hî-tó chit-ê só·-chāi hoat-hiān chio̍h-iû kah thian-jiân-khì chu-gôan liáu-āu, Jı̍t-pún khai-sí kian-chhî chiong Tiò-hî-tó ōe-jı̍p in ê leng-thó· hōan-ûi. \n\n1951 nî 9 go̍eh 8 hō, Jı̍t-pún kah Bí-kok chhiam-tèng liáu San Francisco hô-iok , chiong Tiò-hî-tó hām Okinawa chò-hóe kau-hō Bí-kok tāi-tòe kóan-ha̍t. Tiong-kok chèng-hú khiok-sī piáu-sī kóng San Francisco hô-iok pēng-bô Tiong-hôa-jîn-bîn-kiong-hô-kok chham-ka, m̄-sī ôan-chéng ê \"hô-iok \", mā bô-sǹg chin-chiàⁿ ê \"hô-iok \", Tiong-kok pêng-bô sêng-jīn chit-tiuⁿ hô-iok ê ha̍p-hoat-sèng kah iú-hāu-sèng. 1971-nî 6 go̍eh 17 hō, Jı̍t-Bí 2-kok chhiam-tèng Kui-hêng Okinawa hia̍p-tēng ê sî-chūn, hām Tiò-hî-tó chià-ê tó-sū mā pau-hâm chāi-lāi, lóng-chóng kau-hō Jı̍t-pún kok. Tùi chit-ê sū-kiāⁿ, Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k kah Tâi-ôan ê gōa-kau-pō· lóng hoat-piáu seng-bêng, thê-chhut kiông-lia̍t ê khòng-gī. Bí-kok kok-bū-īⁿ hoat-giân-jîn piáu-sī, kui-hêng Okinawa ê si-chèng-kôan, tùi Tiò-hî-tó ê chú-kôan būn-tê bōe hoat-seng jīm-tô ê éng-hiáng. Chū-án-ne, Tiò-hî-tó būn-tê chiâⁿ-chò Tiong-Jı̍t koan-hē tong-tiong 1-ê bín-kám ê ōe-tôe.\n\nTiong-kok kah Tâi-ôan ê thāi-tō·\n--------------------------------\n\nTiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k chèng-hú seng-bêng tùi Tiò-hî-tó iong-iú chú-kôan. sū-sı̍t siāng, tōa-to-sò· ê Tiong-kok-lâng lóng jīn-tông chit-ê koan-tiám. \n\nTāi-lio̍k hong-bīn chú-tiuⁿ, Tiong-Jı̍t chi-kan chûn-chāi ê Tiò-hî-tó būn-tê, eng-kai thong-kòe hô-pêng tâm-pòaⁿ lâi kiám-chió hun-kî, hô-pêng kái-koat būn-tôe. Tâi-ôan hong-bīn mā jīn-ûi Tiò-hî-tó būn-tê su-iàu thong-kòe hô-pêng ê chhiú-tōaⁿ kái-koat. \n\nTâi-ôan hong-bīn kòe-khì it-kòan chú-tiuⁿ Tiò-hî-tó sio̍k-î Tiong-hôa-bîn-kok ê léng-thó·. 2004-nî 4 go̍eh 15 hō, kin-kù Tiong-hôa-bîn-kok chèng-hú lōe-chèng-pō· ê chí-sī, Gî-lân-kōan i-kù 1-nî chêng hōe-chè ê chek-liông-tô·, chèng-sek kā Tiò-hî-tó hām hūn-kin ê tó-sū ōe-jı̍p Gî-lân-kōan kóan-ha̍t. iah chìn-chêng Tâi-ôan tong-kio̍k ūi-tio̍h beh phiah-bián kah Jı̍t-pún hoat-seng chhiong-tu̍t, thiau-kang kā būn-tôe tām-hòa, só·-í chìn-chêng lóng bô chiong iú-koan ê hái-hêk ōe-jîp tē-thô· tong-tiong.\n\nTiong-kok bîn-kan ê lı̍p-tiûⁿ\n-----------------------------\n\nTiong-kok bîn-kan kàu-taⁿ bat chū-hoat chó·-chit kah khai-tián kúi-nā-pái ê Pó-tiò hêng-tōng. Chū 1971-nî New York Hôa-jîn tē-it-pái khòng-chēng khai-sí, \"pó-tiò \"it-tı̍t sī chôan-kiû Hôa-jîn ê 1-hāng tiōng-iàu ê o̍ah-tōng, siāng ko-tiâu ê sī ta̍t-kàu 200 gōa- ê bîn-kan thôan-thé. \n\n1996-nî í-āu, Hiong-káng kah Tâi-ôan ê bîn-kan thôan-thé bat chó·-chit hoat-tōng chiok-chōe pái ê \"pó-tiò \"hêng-tōng. Chha-put-to Tāi-pái hêng-tōng, Jı̍t-pún lóng phài-chhut kun-lām lâi cha̍h, só·-í chin-chió ū ki-hōe teng-lio̍k, kàu-taⁿ sǹg-sǹg bô kúi-pái. Hiong-káng lâng Tân Iok-siông (陈毓祥) to̍h-sī tī 1-pái hêng-tōng tang-tiong, hō· hái-éng chhiong-cháu, put-hēng gū-lān. In-ūi Tân ê put-hēng gū-lān, koh ka-siōng hit-sî Tiong-kiōng léng-tām ê thài-tō·, soah lâi chhì-kek tio̍h Káng-Tâi 2-tē ê ài-kok jîn-sū, in-hoat liáu lú lâi lú kiông-lia̍t ê pó-tiò hêng-tōng. bô-lōa-kú liáu-āu, iū Tâi-ôan gī-ôan Kim Kài-siū (金介寿) kah Hiong-káng gī-ôan Chan Kiàn-sêng (曾健成) léng-tō ê sin 1-lûn pó-tiò hêng-tōng, tī Ke-lâng cho·-iōng liáu chiâⁿ-chheng chiah ê hî-chûn-á sái hiāng Tiò-hî-tâi hái-bīn. in-ūi chûn-chiah chiok-chē, Jı̍t-pún hong-bīn chit-sî bô hoat-tō· chó·-tòng. chit-pái, pó-tiò jîn-sū seng-kong teng-lio̍k tiò-hî-tó, in tī tó-siōng ia̍t Tiong-hôa-jîn-bîn-kiōng-hô-kok kah Tiong-hôa-bîn-kok ê kok-kî, hiōng sè-kài soan-kò Tiò-hî-tó sī sio̍k-î só·-ū Tiong-kok-lâng ê só·-chāi. Che í-āu, Jı̍t-pún cheng-hú sûi hiāng Tâi-ôan chèng-hú si-ka ap-le̍k, phek-sú Tâi-ôan chı̍p-chèng tong-kio̍k siu-kái tiâu-lē, hān-chè hî-chûn ê hâng-thêng. iah Lí-Teng-hui mā kong-khai piáu-sī kóng Tiò-hî-tâi sī Jı̍t-pún ê léng-thó·, in-khí chin-chōe Hôa-jîn ê phì-siūⁿ kah lé-mē. \n\n2003-nî 12 go̍eh 26 hō, iū [iong-kok 918 ài-kok bāng, Ài-kok-chiá tông-bêng bāng kiōng-tông hoat-khí, tī Ē-mn̂g kú-pān chôan-kiû Hôa-jîn pó-tiò lūn-tôaⁿ, hōe-chı̍p hái-lāi-gōa ê Hôa-jîn tāi-piáu 30-gōa-lâng, sêng-lı̍p Tiong-kok bîn-kan pó-tiò liân-hâp-hōe. \n\n2004-nî 3 go̍eh 4 hō, Tiong-kok lāi-tē lâng Pâng Kím-hôa (冯锦华) téng 7-ê lâng sêng-kong teng-lio̍k Tiò-hî-tó, che sī Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k thâu-1-pái teng-lio̍k Tiò-hî-tó.\n\nJı̍t-pún ê lı̍p-tiûⁿ\n--------------------\n\nJı̍t-pún chèng-hú seng-bêng iong-iú Tió-hî-tó ê chú-kôan. Jı̍t-pún chèng-hú bêng-khak chiong Tió-hî-tó lia̍t-jı̍p Bí-kok kun-sū pó-hō· bo̍k-phiau.\n\nKî-thaⁿ kok-ka ê khòaⁿ-hoat\n---------------------------\n\nŪ lâng kóng, Bí-kok tùi Tiò-hî-tó būn-tôe thài-tō· khah ài-māi, che sī in-ūi Bí-kok ū-sim beh at-chè Tiong-kok, chú-iàu sī chiam-tùi Tiong-kok lú lâi lú kiông-tāi ê hiān-tāi-hòa kun-sū le̍k-liōng.\n\nChham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n1. *钓鱼岛可做美国\"双反\"基地， Archived 2004-07-17 at the Wayback Machine. ，2004年02月13日*\n2. *中日关系间的钓鱼岛问题， Archived 2004-08-12 at the Wayback Machine. ，2003年01月04日*\n\nGoā-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 關於尖閣群島領有權的基本見解 Archived 2004-08-04 at the Wayback Machine. (Ji̍t-pún ê li̍p-tiûⁿ, Hoâ-gí)\n* Ji̍t-pún Goā-bū-séng ê li̍p-tiûⁿ (Eng-bûn)\n* 中国民间保钓联合会 Archived 2004-08-06 at the Wayback Machine.\n* 918爱国站 Archived 2004-08-04 at the Wayback Machine.\n* 全球华人保钓论坛 Archived 2004-08-03 at the Wayback Machine.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* NDL: 01216013\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tiò-hî-tó būn-tôe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[493,6289,0.0783908411512164],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7399}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân ê kiàn-tio̍k** tû-liáu sú-chêng sî-tāi, chá-kî chú-iàu sī Lâm-tó goân-chū-bîn ê hêng-sek. Hô-lân kap Se-pan-gâ thóng-tī sî, khah khai-sí ín-ji̍p se-iûⁿ kiàn-tio̍k. \n\nHàn-jîn toā-liōng î-bîn Tâi-oân liáu-āu, chiah chō-sêng Tâi-oân ê kiàn-tio̍k bûn-hoà piàn chò Bân-lâm hêng-sek ûi-chú. Chheng-kok thóng-tī kî-kan, chhut-hiān toā-hêng ê siâⁿ-chhiûⁿ, phàu-tâi; lēng-goā hit-chūn se-iûⁿ ê iûⁿ-lâu kiàn-tio̍k mā ín-ji̍p.\n\nTī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi, Tâi-oân khai-sí chhut-hiān Ji̍t-pún thoân-thóng-sek, hóng se-iûⁿ-sek, koh ū chiat-tiong-sek kap Hiān-tāi-sek. Chiàn-āu, kiàn-tio̍k toā-hūn lóng kái ēng hiān-tāi ki-su̍t lâi khí-chō, tû-liáu biō-sī kap Tiong-hoa Bîn-kok ê Tiong-kok-sek kong-kiōng kiàn-tio̍k í-goā, it-poaⁿ thoân-thóng ê goân-sò͘ khah chió.\n\nSú-chêng kap thoân-thóng Lâm-tó-sek\n-----------------------------------\n\nKun-kù khó-kó͘ gián-kiù, Tâi-oân tī 1 bān nî í-chêng, tōa-hūn só͘-chāi lóng sio̍k Kū Chio̍h-khì Sî-tāi, hit tong-sî iáu bô bêng-hián ê kiàn-tio̍k sán-bu̍t, lâng chú-iàu sī lī-ēng chū-jiân tē-hêng lâi seng-oa̍h. Tī 7000 nî kàu 5000 nî chêng, ū Tōa-pùn-kheⁿ bûn-hòa ê chûn-chāi, chóng-sī kiàn-tio̍k hêng-sek kin-á-ji̍t iá bô chin liáu-kái.\n\n20 sè-kí cho͘-kî Bunun-cho̍k ê kiàn-tio̍k chi̍t khoán.\nSui-jiân iân-sio̍k sú-chêng kiàn-tio̍k, lán-lâng tùi goân-chū-bîn khiā-ke kap oa̍h-tāng siat-si chù-iàu sī tùi hiān-tāi ê kì-lio̍k kap gián-kiù só͘ chai. Tâi-oân ê goân-chū-bîn lóng sio̍k Lâm-tó gí-hē, chóng-sī kok cho̍k, kok pō͘-lo̍k ê bûn-hoà ū chha, kiàn-tio̍k ê hêng-sek to-iūⁿ. \n\nChiàu kò͘-chō lâi hun, ū thiâu-á-kha-chhù, tē-hā-chhù, poàⁿ tē-hā-chhù téng-téng; lēng-goā Âng-thâu-sū téng-bīn ê Tao-cho̍k ū chûn-chhù. Pêⁿ-tē ê goân-chū-bîn iû-kî tiāⁿ kā chhù thuh koân, tī pak-pō͘ it-poaⁿ ēng thiâu-á-kha hêng-sek, lâm-pō͘ tiāⁿ ēng thô͘ tun tah chhù.\n\nChâi-liāu lâi kóng, ū lī-ēng tek-á, chhâ, chháu, thô͘, he̍k-chiá sī chio̍h-thâu téng-téng khah chū-jiân ê châi-chit lâi khí-chhù. Kî-tiong Rukai, Paiwan kap Bunun ū ēng chio̍h-pán lâi tah chhù. Tayal-cho̍k ū-ê ó͘ ji̍p tē-hā, mā ū-ê sī pêng-bîn ê tn̂g chhù.\n\nTĪ bûn-hòa piàn-hòa kap gōa-lâi éng-hióng hā, hiān-sî thoâng-thóng goân-chū-bîn ê kiàn-tio̍k í-keng chin chió.\n\nTām-chúi ê Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ, chá-kî ê se-iûⁿ iàu-sài.\n\nChá-kî Se-iûⁿ-sek\n-----------------\n\nChá-kî Hô-lân kap Se-pan-gâ thóng-tī Tâi-oân ê sî-chūn, ín-ji̍p chi̍t koá Se-iûⁿ ê iàu-sài kiàn-tio̍k kap kî-tha Se-iûⁿ ê kiàn-tio̍k ki-su̍t. Hiān-sî lâu--lo̍h-lâi ê Hô-lân kap Se-pan-gâ kiàn-tio̍k sò͘-liōng iú-hān, chú-iàu sī tī Tām-chúi kap An-pêng. Phì-jû tī An-pêng ê Zeelandia siâⁿ, sī 1624 nî khái-sí kiàn-siat, sī hit chūn Hô-lân-lâng thóng-tī ê tiong-sim. Lēng-gōa, Hô-lân-lâng mā bat tī An-pêng hū-kin he̍k-chiá kî-tha só͘-chāi khai-siat chhī-tīn, pí-lūn 1636 nî só͘ siat ê Vlissingen (tī kin-á-ji̍t Pò͘-tē-tìn).\n\nKi-tok-kàu lâi kàu Tâi-oân soan-kàu liáu-āu, khai-sí kiàn-siat Se-iûⁿ-sek ê lé-pài-tông. Ū-ê kàu-hōe it-ti̍t î-chhî Se-iûⁿ ê hong-keh kàu chit-má; ū-ê āu--lâi chiap-siū hiān-tāi hong-keh, bô koh chiàu thoân-thóng ê Se-iûⁿ kiàn-tio̍k khoán-iūⁿ lâi khí-chhù.\n\nChêng Tek-kì Iûⁿ-hâng kiàn-tio̍k.\nSe-iûⁿ lâng āu-lâi koh tī Tâi-oân khí chi̍t khoán in àn-chiàu Lâm-iûⁿ hong-thó͘ kái-liông chiâⁿ-sêng ê iûⁿ-lâu kiàn-tio̍k, it-poaⁿ sī chò seng-lí he̍k-chiá chò koaⁿ ê lâng teh toà, chhan-chhiūⁿ Táⁿ-káu Eng-kok Léng-sū-koán kap Tek-kì Iûⁿ-hâng téng-téng. Tī Chheng-kok sî-tāi, Tiong-kok-lâng ín-ji̍p Se-iûⁿ ki-su̍t lâi khí phàu-tâi chò hông-gū. \n\nIûn-lâu ê hêng-sek āu-boé mā éng-hióng tio̍h Hàn-jîn ê chhù, tī Chheng-kok boé-kî kap Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi, chi̍t koá khah hó-gia̍h ê Hàn-jîn ka-cho̍k chi̍t hong-bīn khai-sí khí nn̄g chàn í-siōng ê chhù, chi̍t hong-bīn koh ín-ji̍p chi̍t koá Se-iûⁿ hong-keh ê chong-sek. Pí-lūn-kóng Tân Tiong-hô ia̍h Ko͘ Hián-êng ka-cho̍k lóng ū khí iûⁿ-lâu. \n\nTâi-lâm ê Tân Tek Chū Tông (陳德聚堂), thoân-thóng Bân-lâm khiā-ke.\n\nChá-kî Tang-iûⁿ-sek\n-------------------\n\nTâi-oân chá-kî ê Hàn-jîn kiàn-tio̍k sī Tiong-kok lâm-hong ê hong-keh, kî-tiong iû-kî sī siū Bân-lâm hêng-sek éng-hióng. Khah chháu-tē ê só͘-chāi chú-iàu sī ēng thô͘-kak lâi khí thô͘-kak-chhù, āu-boé chng-á seng-sán khah phó͘-phiàn liáu-āu, ū chi̍t pō͘-hūn kái khí chng-á-chhù.\n\nTâi-pak Hú-siâⁿ Pak-mn̂g.\nTû-liáu khah phó͘-phiàn ê bîn-thé kap biō-sī í-goā, tùi Tēⁿ Sêng-kong sî-tāi khai-siá, Tâi-oân tio̍h ū khí-siat Tiong-kok-sek siâⁿ-chhiûⁿ. Kàu Chheng-kok sî-tāi, Tâi-oân ê siâⁿ-chhiûⁿ koh khah toā-hêng, goân-chéng. Kî-tha kha te̍k-sû ê Tiong-kok-sek kiàn-tio̍k koh ū hoe-hn̂g, su-īⁿ téng-téng.\n\nTī hiān-sî chháu-tē só͘-chāi, ia̍h sī to͘-chhī lāi-té ê kū chū-lo̍h, iáu koh ū chin chē Bân-lâm kiàn-tio̍k tī leh. Nā siâⁿ-chhiûⁿ in-ūi āu-lâi to͘-chhī hiān-tāi-hoà, toā-hun lóng thiah-tiāu, it-poaⁿ chhun siâⁿ-mn̂g kap pō͘-hūn ê chhûⁿ-á, chhan-chhiūⁿ Ko-hiông ê Chó-iâⁿ Kū-siâⁿ.\n\nChêng Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Phok-bu̍t-koán, chú-iàu hóng Kó͘ Hi-lia̍p-sek.\n\nJi̍t-pún sî-tāi\n---------------\n\nSiū tio̍h Sin-kó͘-tián-chú-gī liû-hêng ê éng-hióng, Ji̍t-pún chèng-hú tī Tâi-oân khí-chō chin chē se-iûⁿ-sek ê kiàn-tio̍k, iû-kî koaⁿ-thiaⁿ, ha̍k-hāu téng kong-kiōng kiàn-tio̍k. In lēng-goā mā ín-ji̍p thoân-thóng ê Ji̍t-pún kiàn-tio̍k, chú-iàu sī bîn-thé, sîn-siā, kap kî-tha Ji̍t-pún biō-sī.\n\nJi̍t-pún tī Tâi-oân mā kiàn-siat chi̍t koá hong kiò chò tè-koàn-sek (帝冠式) kap heng-á-sek (興亞式) ê kiàn-tio̍k; che sī Ji̍t-pún-lâng hoat-bêng ê chiat-tiong hong-keh, kā Ji̍t-pún thoân-thóng kiàn-tio̍k ê goân-sò͘ kap se-iûⁿ he̍k-chiá hiān-tāi ê hong-keh lām chò-hoé. \n\nKi-su̍t hong-bīn, thih-kin âng-mn̂g-thô͘ sī tī chi̍t chūn khai-sí tōa-liōng èng-iōng, chá-kî chú-iàu sī chúi-lī he̍k-chiá kau-thong siat-si, āu-lâi mā ēng tī khí-chhù.\n\nHiān-tāi-chú-gī ê hêng-sek mā tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi khai-sí ín-ji̍p, chīn-liōng kiám-chió, ia̍h sī khì-tû khah bô sit-chè lō͘-ēng chong-sek, pēng-chiá chù-tiōng kong-lêng. Lēng-goā, hit tong-sî tī Tâi-oân chhut-hiān ê tōa-sè hāng hiān-tāi kàng-gia̍p kap kun-sū siat-si, mā khah bô kó͘-tián ê chong-sek.\n\nChêng Ko-hiông chhī-chèng-hú, tè-koàn-sek kiàn-tio̍k.\nTōa-kûn ê kū-sek Ji̍t-pún chhù tī hiān-sî chi̍t koá só͘-chāi koh tī leh. Kî-tiong chi̍t pō͘ hūn sī tī khah-chá kong-bū-goân he̍k-chiá kun-koaⁿ siā-khu, chia-ê siā-khu tī chiàn-āu tiāⁿ î-chhî hō͘ Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok ê chèng-hú ia̍h kun-tūi koán-lí sú-iōng.\n\nJi̍t-pún sî-tāi ê koaⁿ-thiaⁿ ia̍h sī siong-gia̍p kiàn-tio̍k ū chi̍t pō͘-hūn hiān-sî koh ū pó-chûn, kî-tiong ū-ê iâu-koh sī koaⁿ-hú, chhan-chhiūⁿ goân-lâi si chóng-tok-hú ê chóng-thóng-hú. Leng-goā, ū-ê sī Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn tiong phò-hāi khì, ū-ê sī āu-lâi hong thiah-tû. \n\nNā sîn-siā hong-bīn, in-ūi Kok-bîn Tóng chèng-hú khah bô chia̍p-siū, toā-hūn lóng thiah-tiāu, chhan-chhiūⁿ Tâi-oân Sîn-kiong téng-téng.\n\nTiong-san-lâu (中山樓), kā thoân-thóng Tiong-kok goân-sò͘ tiông-sin cho͘-ha̍p.\n\nChiàn-āu\n--------\n\nChiàn-āu, Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chèng-hú tī Tâi-oân ê sî, iû-kî tī 1960 nî-tāi kòe-āu, kiàn-siat chin chē goā-piáu sī goân-choân ê Tiong-kok kiong-tiān-sek, m̄-koh lī-ēng hiān-tāi kiàn-tio̍k ki-su̍t lâi khí ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t. Lēng-goā, mā ū chi̍t khoán sī hiān-tāi hong-keh saⁿ-lām kó͘-chá Tiong-kok ê goân-sò͘, chhan-chhiūⁿ thàu thoân-thóng chhù-téng ê kiàn-tio̍k.\n\nTâi-pak chhī-chèng-hú, 1980 nî-tāi ê tōa-lâu pān-kong-thiaⁿ.\nĀu-hiān-tāi-chú-gī khai-sí liû-hêng liáu-āu, Tâi-oân chhut-hiān chi̍t chióng hêng-thé hóng Tiong-kok thoân-thóng, m̄-koh tián-hiān hiān-tāi châi-chit ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t, chhan-chhiūⁿ Ko-hiông-chhī Bûn-hoà Tiong-sim kap Taipei 101 téng-téng.\n\nTû-liáu í-siōng ū lām thoân-thóng goân-sò͘ ê kiàn-tio̍k í-goā, chiàn-āu Tâi-oân siāng chú-iàu sī hiān-tāi-sek ê choân-bīn liû-hêng. 1970 nî-tāi í-āu, sin-ê chhù toā-hūn lóng sī ki-pún ê hiān-tāi hong-keh, pau-koat toā-hêng ê chi̍p-ha̍p chū-thé, chèng-hú ki-koan, ia̍h sī it-poaⁿ ê thàu-thiⁿ-chhù lóng-sī.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ 千々岩助太郎 (1937). *臺灣高砂族住家の研究 第一報*. 臺灣建築會.\n2. ↑ 互助營造 (2012). *臺灣營造業百年史*. 遠流.\n\n* 李乾朗 (2005). *台灣古建築鑑賞二十講*. 藝術家出版社. ISBN 986-7487-66-4.\n* 李欽賢 (2004). *台灣城市記憶*. 玉山社. ISBN 986-7819-50-0.\n* 王浩一 (2010). *黑瓦與老樹*. 心靈工坊文化. ISBN 978-986-80248-3-0.\n* 林會承. \"南島建築\". *台灣大百科全書*.\n* 林會承. \"台灣建築總論\". *台灣大百科全書*.\n\nSiong-koan ê bûn-chiong\n-----------------------\n\n* Tâi-oân gē-su̍t\n* Tâi-oân thó͘-bo̍k\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n* 千千岩助太郎數位博物館","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân ê kiàn-tio̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[410,8069,0.050811748667740735],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":9379}} -{"text":"**Tân Éng-tô** (陳永淘, Kheh-oē Chhṳ̀n Yún-thò), sù-siông kiò chò \"Â-thò\" (阿淘), sī Tâi-oân ê 1 ê gē-su̍t-ka, koa-iâu chhòng-chok-ka kiam koa-chhiú. I choan-tô͘ chhòng-chok hiān-tāi Kheh-gí koa. Chú-iàu ê ga̍k-khì sī gí-tah.\n\nToān-kì\n-------\n\nTân Éng-tô chhut-sì tī Sin-tek-koān Koan-se-hiong (關西鄉) ê Lâm-mn̂g-khàm-ē (南門崁下). Chng-kha oá-kīn tāi-chū-jiân ê chit khoán khoân-kéng āu--lâi pìⁿ chò i chhòng-chok \"Theù-pái ke Sṳ-chhìn\" (Éng-koè ê Tāi-chì) ê choâⁿ-thâu. 13 hoè sî, toè lāu-pē lī-khui kò͘-hiong khì kah Tâi-pak. Chheng-siàu-liân ê Éng-tô kèng-ka bô chhù-bī tha̍k-chheh. Kin-kù i ê bāng-chām, \"Ko-tiong sî-chūn khai-sí sńg gí-tah, bat chhut-khì-liû, mā bat hông thoè-o̍h.\" Ū 1-chām-á tiàm soaⁿ-po͘ koè seng-oa̍h. Ko-tiong tông-téng ha̍k-le̍k khó tiâu liáu-āu tō khì chò-peng; kun-tiong mî-noā liān gí-tah ê kang-hu. \n\nThoè-ngó͘ liáu-āu khó tiâu Sè-sin Tāi-ha̍k tiān-iáⁿ pian-tō (編導) iā-kan-pō͘, ji̍t--sî tiàm *Iá-goā Cha̍p-chì* chò khì-e̍k kap pian-chi̍p ê khang-khoè. Bat toè koè Tēⁿ Bêng-lêng (鄭明能) kàu-siū tī pak-pō͘ soaⁿ-khu gián-kiù seng-thài. Ū kiat koè hun m̄-koh hun-in sit-pāi. Āu-lâi oāⁿ koè kî-thaⁿ ê thâu-lō͘, chóng--sī lâng ná lâi ná bô goân-khì, tō kā 3 ê thâu-lō͘ lóng sî-tiāu, lī-khui to͘-chhī, tò khì koè chū-iû ê ji̍t-chí. I khì kah Tâi-pak-koān Sam-chi-hiong ê 1 ūi kiông beh pha-hng ê só͘-chāi, khai-sí kioh lâng tàn hìⁿ-sak ê hāi mi̍h-á lâi kái chò gē-su̍t-phín, kang-chok-sek hō \"Kim-sio̍k Kái-hòng\", chiân-āu 7~8 tang kú. Hit ê khám-chām, pē-bó, a-kong oan-ná poaⁿ khì hia toà. \n\n1996 nî, a-kong phoà-pēⁿ, Tân Éng-tô ūi beh hō͘ a-kong hoaⁿ-hí, tō gia̍h peng-iú Kiuⁿ Ióng (姜勇) sàng ê gí-tah khai-sí chhòng-chok Kheh-oē koa. Āu--lâi ê chi̍t-koá chhòng-chok ū siū tio̍h pêng-iú khéng-tēng, i tō tò khì Tâi-pak, chiah koh tùi hia hoan-thâu tńg khì Sin-tek, tiàm hia sì-kè cháu-chhiùⁿ.\n\nTân Éng-tô choè-kīn kúi nî tiàm Sin-tek chháu-tē khiā-khí, hē chin chē cheng-sîn chò tē-hng ê khoân-pó khang-khoè, bat tam-jīm (峨眉) Aì-hiong Hia̍p-chìn-hoē ê chóng-kàn-sū\n\nIm-ga̍k chok-phín\n-----------------\n\n* 頭擺的事情 (1997)\n* 離開台灣八百米 阿淘的歌 (2000)\n* 阿淘和孩子一起 下課啦 (2000)\n* 水路 (2003)\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Kū koaⁿ-hong chām (archive.org ê khò͘-chûn)\n* Choan-chip Archived 2007-03-10 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Tân Éng-tô","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[172,2169,0.0792992162286768],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2569}} -{"text":"\nTéng-ham éng-kiú chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí, chiàⁿ-pêng 1 khí tò-pêng mā 1 khí, tī téng-ham éng-kiú chhek-mn̂g-khí (maxillary lateral incisor) ê kīn-sim-chhek (khah chiap-kīn bīn ê tiong-soàⁿ), khiā tī chhùi-khiuⁿ koân-téng thâu-chêng chiàⁿ-tiong-hng, sī siāng bêng-hián ê chhùi-khí. Kah kî-thaⁿ ê mn̂g-khí kāng-khoán, i ê kong-lêng sī chhiat-tn̄g he̍k ka-tn̄g chia̍h-mi̍h. I bô kā-lûn (kā-thâu, cusp), i leh kā chia̍h-mi̍h ê pō·-ūi kiò-chò chhiat-toan. Sui-bóng ni-khí kap éng-kiú-khí sio-siâng ia̍h-ū mn̂g-khí, téng-ham ni chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí kap i ū chi̍t-koá koh-iūⁿ ê só·-chāi.\n\nHû-hō piáu-sī\n-------------\n\n*Chhùi-khí ê hû-hō piáu-sī chhiáⁿ chham-khó chhùi-khí hit-phiⁿ, kah siông-sè*.\nZsigmondy-Palmer, Chevron, or Set Square system\nChiàⁿ-pêng sī 1┘, tò-pêng sī └1\nFDI hû-hō piáu-sī-hoat\nChiàⁿ-pêng sī 11, tò-pêng sī 21\nBí-kok hû-hō piáu-sī-hoat\nChiàⁿ-pêng sī 8, tò-pêng sī 9\nAu-chiu hû-hō piáu-sī-hoat\nChiàⁿ-pêng sī 1+, tò-pêng sī +1\n\nHoat-io̍k\n---------\n\n*Ū 1 phiⁿ Chhùi-khí ê hoat-io̍k kóng khah chē.*.\nHêng-sêng chhùi-khí ê hit-tīn sè-pau sī ùi first branchial arch ê ectoderm kap neural crest ê ectomesenchyme hun-hoà--lâi-ê. Chhùi-khí ngē cho·-chit hoat-io̍k ê sî-chūn, khí-pún-chit tāi-seng seⁿ, ah khí-iū-chit sûi tòe leh seⁿ. \n\nTng iù-eⁿ chhut-sì 3-4 kò-goe̍h ê sî, téng-ham éng-kiú chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí khai-sí chìn-hêng kài-hoà. Chit-ki chhùi-khí ê khí-koan tī 4-5 hoè ê sî hoat-io̍k oân-sêng, tī 7-8 hoè ê sî hoat-gê chìn-ji̍p chhùi-khiuⁿ. I ê khí-kha tī 10 hoè hoat-io̍k oân-choân\n\nHêng-thài\n---------\n\nThâu-chêng-khí hit kúi khí lāi-té, téng-ham éng-kiú chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí tī kīn-oán-sim sī siāng khoah--ê. I pí kè-piah ê chhek-mn̂g-khí khah toā-ki, ah tī tûn-chhek-bīn mā-bô chhiūⁿ chhek-mn̂g-khí hiah phòng. In-chhú, chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí ê hêng-chōng khah kui-kí sì-chiàⁿ. Kīn-sim ê chhiat-toan-kak pí oán-sim chhiat-toan-kak khah lāi khah chiam. Chit-ki chhùi-khí tú hoat ê sî, tī chhiat-toan ū 3 ê îⁿ-îⁿ-chiam-chiam ê te̍k-teng kiò-chò mammelon In-ūi khí-iū-chit ē boâ-sún, mammelon āu--lâi ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á siau-sit. \n\nIt-poaⁿ lâi-kóng, chit-ki chhùi-khí ê goā-koan cha-po· cha-bó· ū koh-iūⁿ. Cha-po· ê thong-siông pí cha-bó· ê khah toā-ki. Khí-iū-chit kap khí-pún-chit ê kau-tō· ê sèng-pia̍t chheng-chha tio̍h khah kē. In-ūi boâ-sún (attrition), nî-hoè tùi kái-phòa khí-koan (anatomy crown) ê tn̂g-tō· ū éng-hióng. Khah siàu-liân ê kái-phòa khí-koan pí khah chē-hoè--ê khah tn̂g. M̄-koh in-ūi khí-hoāⁿ ē sûi nî-hoè cheng-ka jî úi-sok, lîm-chhn̂g khí-koan (clinical crown) tian-tó jú-lâi jú-tn̂g. \n\nLabial view.\n### Tûn-chhek koan-khoàⁿ\n\nTûn-chhek koan-khoàⁿ sī ùi chhùi-tûn hit-pêng ǹg chhùi lāi khoàⁿ chhùi-khí. Chit-ki chhùi-khí ê kīn-sim kheng-khak sī ti̍t ê he̍k chi̍t-sut-á phok-phok, ah oán-sim kheng-khak tio̍h ke phok chiâⁿ-chē. Chū-án-ne, kīn-sim ê height of curvature (the point furthest away from the central axis of the tooth) khah chiap-kīn kīn-sim-chhiat-toan kak, ah oán-sim--ê khah phian-hiòng khí-kha-chiam (apical).\n\nTī mammelon boâ bô--khì liáu-āu, téng-ham chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí ê chhiat-toan pìⁿ-chiâⁿ ti̍t-ti̍t pêⁿ-pêⁿ. Chhiat-toan tiong-toāⁿ lio̍h-lio̍h-á ǹg chhùi-khí tiong-sim naih--lo̍h-khì. I ê ām-kún-á soàⁿ (cervical line, khí-koan kap khí-kha ê kài-soàⁿ) tiong-toaⁿ ǹg khí-kha-chiam naih--lo̍h, chiū-án-ne, ām-kún-á soàⁿ ná-chhiūⁿ poàⁿ-îⁿ-hêng.\n\nÙi chit-bīn kā khoàⁿ, khí-kha ê goā-koan sī tūn ê îⁿ-chui-thé. Khí-koan pí khí-kha tn̂g beh 2-3 mm, m̄-koh chē m̄-sī chiâⁿ it-tēng. Chit-khí chhùi-khí ê khí-kha khah bô toā ê oan-khiau chêng-hêng. \n\nLingual view.\n### Sia̍t-chhek koan-khoàⁿ\n\nSia̍t-chhek koan-khoàⁿ sī ùi chhùi-chi̍h hit-pêng ǹg goā-kháu khoàⁿ chhùi-khí. Téng-ham chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí ê sia̍t-chhek bīn ū toā lap-o, kiò-chò sia̍t-chhek lap-o, oá ām-kún-á soàⁿ hia ū thok-khí, kiò-chò cingulum, kīn-sim kap oán-sim chit 2 piⁿ ū koân--khí-lâi, kiò-chò marginal ridges. Chhiat-toan ê sia̍t-chhek mā-ū tām-po̍h-á koân--khí-lâi, kah marginal ridge sio-liân. Chit- ê sia̍t-chhek lap-o sì-piⁿ sì ê koân-khí hun-pia̍t sī: chhiat-toan ê sia̍t-chhek pian-iân, kīn-sim ê marginal ridge, oán-sim ê marginal ridge, kap ām-kún-á ê cingulum. Cingulum koân-téng ū hoat-io̍k-kau, lâu tùi sia̍t-chhek lap-o khì. \n\nChit-khí chhùi-khí ê chit-ê bī pí tûn-chhek bī khah e̍h. In-chhú, tûn-chhek bīn ê kīn-sim pian kap oán-sim pian ê kū-lî pí sia̍t-chhek bīn--ê khah-toā. Jī-chhiáⁿ, chit-khí chhùi-khí tī ām-kún-á hia ê hûiⁿ-chhiat-bīn ē hián-hiān tāi-khài ê saⁿ-kak-hêng goā-hêng. Chit-ê saⁿ-kak-hêng 3 piⁿ hun-pia̍t sī iông-gân bīn (facial surface), kīn-sim bīn, kap oán-sim bīn, oân-sim bīn chit-ê piⁿ ū khah-té tām--po̍h. \n\nMesial view.\n### Kīn-sim koan-khoàⁿ\n\nChit-khí chhùi-khí ê kīn-sim koan-khoàⁿ sī ùi bīn-pō· ê tiong-soàⁿ hia khoàⁿ chit-khí chhùi-khí. Kīn-sim koan-khoàⁿ chit-khí chhùi-khí hián-sī khí-koan sī saⁿ-kak-hêng, téng-tiám sī chhiat-toan, té-pō· sī ām-kún-á hia. Khí-kha hián-sī î-chui-hêng, chiam-toan tūn-tūn. Kah kî-thaⁿ chhùi-khí bô-kâng, chit-khí ê tiong-sim soàⁿ tâng-chê thong-koè chhiat-toan tiong-sim kap khí-kha-chiam. Che mā hoat-seng tī téng-ham chhek mn̂g-khí. \n\nSia̍t-chhek oan-khek kap tûn-chhek oan-khek ê siāng-koân-tiám lóng ūi-tī ām-kún-á soàⁿ ê chhiat-toan-chhek. Chit-ê khí-koan ê tûn-chhek piáu-bīn ùi koan-khek siāng-koân-tiám (crest of curvature) kàu chhiat-toan sī phok ê. Ah, i ê sia̍t-chhek piáu-bīn ùi koan-khek siāng-koân-tiám kàu chhiat-toan tāi-hūn sī lap ê, kan-taⁿ oá cingulum kap chhiat-toan hit-tah sī phok ê. \n\nÙi chit-ê hong-hiòng khoàⁿ, ām-kú-soàⁿ ǹg chhiat-toan oan-khek ê têng-tō·, chit-khí chhùi-khí siāng-toā, pí kî-thaⁿ chhùi-khí kèng-ka bêng-hián. Í téng-ham chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí pêng-kin khí-koan tn̂g-tō· 10.5 kàu 11 mm lâi-kóng, i-ê ām-kún-soàⁿ oan-khek ū 3 kàu 4 mm. \n\nDistal view.\n### Oán-sim koan-khoàⁿ\n\nOán-sim koan-khoàⁿ sī ùi oán-lî bīn ê tiong-soàⁿ ê hit-pêng ǹg tiong-soàⁿ hong-hiòng khoàⁿ chhùi-khí. Chit-ê chhùi-khí ê chit-pêng kah kīn-sim hui-siông sio-siâng. Chit-khí chhùi-khí ê tûn-chhek piáu-bīn tī oán-sim koan-khoàⁿ pí kīn-sim koan-khoàⁿ hián-hiàn, in-ūi i-ê tûn-chhek piáu-bīn ǹg oán-sim kap sia̍t-chhek kheng-chhiâ (傾斜). Ām-kún-soàⁿ hiòng chhiat-toan oan-khek ê têng-tō· mā pí kīn-sim khah-chió. \n\n### Chhiat-toan koan-khoàⁿ\n\nChhiat-toan koan-khoàⁿ sī kóng ùi chhiat-toan khoàⁿ chhùi-khí. Ùi chit-ê kak-tō· khoàⁿ, kan-taⁿ khoàⁿ ē tio̍h khí-koan, tāi-khài hun-chò siang-pêng. Tûn-chhek bīn kám-kak khoah-khoah pêⁿ-pêⁿ. Sia̍t-chhek bīn hiòng cingulum piàn e̍h-sè--khì. Kīn-sim kak kàu cingulum ê kū-lî sió-khoá pí oán-sim kak kàu cingulum ê kū-lî tn̂g. \n\n### Khí-chhoé kái-phoà\n\nKhí-chhoé sī chhùi-khí ê sîn-keng kap hoeh-kńg kong-èng. Chit-khí chhùi-khí ê kin-kńg tī-liâu hāu-kó chiâⁿ-hó. Chit-khí chhùi-khí tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ū 3 ê khí-chhoé kak (pulp horn). Kiông-beh choân-pō· ê téng-ham chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí ū chi̍t-ê kin-kńg kap chi̍t-ê khí-kha-chiam. Tī-leh chò kin-kńg tī-liâu, só· khui ê chin-ji̍p khí-chhoé-khiuⁿ ê ji̍p-kháu siâng-chāi sī tī sia̍t-chhek piáu-bīn ê tiong-hng, chhiat-toan kap cingulum chi-kan. Tī ām-kún-soàⁿ ê hū-kīn, kin-kńg hoâiⁿ-chhiat ê hêng-chiōng sī saⁿ-kak-hêng, kàu-kah khí-kha tiong-toaⁿ hū-kīn chiah pìⁿ-chò î-hêng. Sui-bóng khí-kha chha-put-tō sī ti̍t--ê, oan-khek tiám siāng-chia̍p chhut-hiān tī oá khí-kha-chiam ê só·-chāi, ah oan-khek ê hong-hiòng sī oan khì oán-sim kap sia̍t-chhek.\n\nKah hū-kīn chhùi-khí ê chiap-chhiok\n-----------------------------------\n\n### Lîn-chiap chiap-chhiok\n\nKah kāng khí-kiong sio-keh-piah chhùi-khí ê chiap-chhiok kiò-chò lîn-chiap chiap-chhiok. Ē kah ka-tī ū lîn-chiap chiap-chhiok ê chhùi-khí kan-taⁿ 2 chióng, téng-ham chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí sī kî-tiong 1 ê. Lēng 1 ê sī ē-ham chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí. Tī kiān-khong chōng-thài, chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí hō·-siong chiap-chhiok ê tiám sī tī khí-koan ê chhiat-toan saⁿ-hun-chi-it. Lēng-chi̍t-pêng, chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí kap chhek-mn̂g-khí ê chiap-chhiok tiám, khah oá khí-hoāⁿ, sī tī khí-koan ê chhiat-toan saⁿ-hun-chi-it kap tiong-kan saⁿ-hun-chi-it chi-kan. \n\n### Kā-ha̍p\n\nTng chhùi ha̍p--khí-lâi, kah choân-pō· ê téng-ham thâu-chêng-khí sio-siâng, téng-ham chiàⁿ mn̂g-khí thong-siông sī tī ē-ham chhùi-khí ê tûn-chhek. Nā-sī-kóng téng-ham thâu-chêng-khí khiā chāi ē-ham chhùi-khí ê sia̍t-chhek, án-ne kiò-chò thâu-chêng-khí chhò-kā (crossbite). Ū-sî-chūn, chit-chióng chhùi-khí ê pâi-lia̍t hián-sī ē-ham siong-tùi téng-ham ê ūi-tì ū phian-î, ah kiò-chò Class III he̍k Pseudo-Class III malocclusion. Chèng-siông ê kā-ha̍p sī Class I kā-ha̍p. \n\nTng chhùi-khí kā--khí-lâi, téng-ham chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí ē kah ē-ham chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí í-ki̍p chhek-mn̂g-khí chiap-chhiok. Ē-ham chhùi-khí ê chiap-chhiok tiám sī tī téng-ham chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí ê sia̍t-chhek lap-o ùi chhiat-toan hiòng khí-hoāⁿ tāi-iok 4 mm ê só·-chāi. Tī chit-ê ūi-tì, téng-ham mn̂g-khí kā ē-ham mn̂g-khí ê khí-koan cha-tiāu kiông-beh chi̍t-poàⁿ. Tng chhùi oân-choân kā-ha̍p--khí-lâi, téng-ham mn̂g-khí kah ē-ham mn̂g-khí iáu-sī bô-hoat-tō· kā chò-hoé, án-ne kiò-chò thâu-chêng-khí khui-kā (anterior open bite). Chit-chióng chhùi-khí o·-pe̍h-pâi hoān-sè sī in-ūi bó·-chi̍t-chióng koàn-sì, hó-pí suh-chéng-thâu-á. Lēng chi̍t-hong-bīn, nā-si ē-ham mn̂g-khí kā tī téng-ham mn̂g-khí ê ūi-tì sī oá he̍k oân-choân tī khí-hoāⁿ, án-na kiò-chò chhim-kā (deep bite).\n\nChhùi-khí ê koh-iūⁿ\n-------------------\n\nTéng-ham chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí chia̍p khoàiⁿ ê piàn-ī sī shovel-shaped incisor.\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Cate, A. R. Ten, *Oral Histology: Development, Structure, and Function*, 5th ed. (Saint Louis: Mosby-Year Book, 1998), p. 102. ISBN 0-8151-2952-1.\n2. ↑ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. *Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion*. 8th edition. 2003. p. 45. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.\n3. 1 2 The Permanent Incisor Teeth, hosted by the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), accessed on June 8, 1006.\n4. 1 2 3 Maxillary Incisors Archived 2006-05-20 at the Wayback Machine. hosted by the University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, accessed on June 8, 1006.\n5. ↑ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. *Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion*. 8th edition. 2003. p. 156. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.\n6. ↑ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. *Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion*. 8th edition. 2003. p. 158. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.\n7. 1 2 Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. *Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion*. 8th edition. 2003. p. 159. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.\n8. ↑ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. *Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion*. 8th edition. 2003. p. 161. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.\n9. 1 2 Walton, Richard E. and Mahmoud Torabinejad. *Principles and Practice of Endodontics*. 3rd edition. 2002. p. 562. ISBN 0-7216-9160-9.\n10. ↑ Summit, James B. J. William Robbins, and Richard S. Schwartz. \"Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry: A Contemporary Approach.\" 2nd edition. Carol Stream, Illinois, Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc, 2001. P. 62. ISBN 0-86715-382-2.\n11. 1 2 Okeson, Jeffrey P. *Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion*. 5th edition. 2003. p. 83. ISBN 0-323-01477-1.\n\nChham-khó bûn-hèn\n-----------------\n\n* Ash, Major M.; Nelson, Stanley J. (2003). *Wheeler's Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion* (8th pán.). W.B. Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.\n* Nanci, Antonio (2013). *Ten Cate's oral histology* (8th pán.). Elsevier. ISBN 9780323096300.\n* Neville, Brad W. (2002). *Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology* (2nd pán.). W.B. Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-9003-3.\n* Okeson, Jeffrey P. (2003). *Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion* (5th pán.). Mosby. ISBN 0-323-01477-1.\n* Scheid, Rickne C. (2012). *Woelfel's dental anatomy* (8th pán.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-1608317462.\n\nChham-oa̍t\n----------\n\n* Lâng ê chhùi-khí\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Incisors: Structure and function: want to learn more about it?\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nGê-khí kái-phòa-ha̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Beng-miâ-hoat | \n* Glossary of dentistry\n* Universal Numbering System\n\n |\n| |\n| Lâng ê chhùi-khí | \n* Éng-kiú-khí\n\t+ Mn̂g-khí\n\t+ Kak-khí\n\t+ Sió-āu-chan\n\t+ Āu-chan\n* Ni-khí\n\n |\n| |\n| Siōng-go̍k-kut ê chhùi-khí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mn̂g-khí | \n* Chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí\n* Lateral incisor\n* Canine\n\n |\n| |\n| Sió-āu-chan | \n* First premolar\n* Second premolar\n\n |\n| |\n| Āu-chan | \n* First molar\n* Second molar\n* Tē-3 tōa-kiū-khí\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Hā-go̍k-kut ê chhùi-khí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mn̂g-khí | \n* Central incisor\n* Lateral incisor\n* Canine\n\n |\n| |\n| Sió-āu-chan | \n* First premolar\n* Second premolar\n\n |\n| |\n| Āu-chan | \n* First molar\n* Second molar\n* Tē-3 tōa-kiū-khí\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Chhùi-khí ê kok-pō͘-hūn | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Crown | \n* Cusp\n\t+ Cusp of Carabelli\n* Zuckerkandl's tubercle\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Khí-chhoé\n* Kin-kńg tī-liâu\n\t+ Apical foramen\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Cementoenamel junction\n* Khí-iū-chit\n* Dental-enamel junction\n* Khí-pún-chit\n* Dental papilla\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Mamelon\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Dental alveolus\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Téng-ham éng-kiú chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2873,11988,0.23965632298965633],"infobox":["
    Téng-ham éng-kiú chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí
    \n
    Téng-ham éng-kiú chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí
    \n
    Éng-kiú-khí kap ni-khí ê téng-ham éng-kiú chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí pio-kì chò âng-sek--ê.
    Sek-pia̍t hû-hō
    FMA\n290180
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":14558}} -{"text":"Entrez logo\n**Entrez** (IPA: [ɒnˈtreɪ]) Tsuân-kio̍k tshâ-sûn khua sòo-kì hē-thóng (Global Query Cross-Database Search System ) sī tsi̍t-ê liân-ha̍p tshiau-tshuē e̋n-jín hi̍k-tsiá mn̂g-hōo bāng-tsām, ún-tsún iōng-tsiá teh Kok-ka sing-bu̍t ki-su̍t sìn-sit tiong-sim (National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)) bāng-tsām tíng-kuân tshiau-tshuē tsiânn-tsē lī-suànn ê kiān-khong kho-ha̍k sòo-kì. NCBI sī kok-ka i-ha̍k tôo-su-kuán (National Library of Medicine (NLM)) ê tsi̍t-pōo-hūn; koh-lâi Kok-ka i-ha̍k tôo-su-kuán pún-sin koh-sī Bí-kok kok-li̍p uē-sing gián-kiù-īnn (National Institutes of Health (NIH)) ê tsi̍t-ê pōo-mn̂g, lî-tshiánn NIH koh-sī Bí-kok uē-sing kì kong-tsiòng ho̍k-bū-pōo ê tsi̍t-pōo-hūn. Suán-ti̍k \"Entrez\" (teh huat-gú lāi-té sī \"ji̍p-lâi\" ê būn-hāu gú) tsit-ê bîng-tshing sī uī-tio̍h thé-hiàn huan-gîng kong-tsiòng tshiau-tshuē NLM the̍h-kióng ê luē-iông tsing-sîn.\n\nEntrez Global Query sī tsi̍t-êj tsi̍p-sîng ê tshiau-tshuē hām kiám-sik hē-thóng; ē-tàng thong-kuè tan-ê tshâ-sûn jī-hû tshuàn kap iōng-tsiá kài-bīn, tông-sî hóng-mn̄g sóo-ū ê sòo-kì-khòo. Entrez ē-sái ū-hāu lâi kiám-sik siong-kuan hē-lia̍t, kiat-kòo kap tsham-khó bûn-hiàn. Entrez hē-thóng ē-tàng the̍h-kióng ki-in hām nn̄g-pe̍h-tsit hē-lia̍t, í-ki̍p ní-sik-thé tôo-phóo ê sī-tôo. Tsi̍t-kuá-á kàu-kho-su mā ē-sái thong-kuè Entrez hē-thóng tsāi-suànn lai hi̍k-tshú.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Definition of 'entrez'\". *Collins Dictionary [Internet]*.\n2. ↑ NCBI Resource Coordinators (2012). \"Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information\". *Nucleic Acids Research*. **41** (Database issue): D8–D20. doi:10.1093/nar/gks1189. PMC 3531099 Freely accessible. PMID 23193264.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* UniGene\n* Genome project\n* PubChem\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Entrez search engine form\n* Entrez Help","meta":{"title":"Entrez","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[311,1701,0.18283362727807173],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2003}} -{"text":"\n **Washington kò-tsûn hîng-tōo Delware [en] hô (1851 huē-uē)** (ing-gú: Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) sī Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng [en] gē-su̍t-ka Emanuel Leutze tī 1851-nî sañ-pak iû-uē ê piau-tê [en]. \n\nTsia--ê uē-tsok sī uī-tio̍h kì-liām George Washington tsiong-kun hām tāi-lio̍k-kun tī 1776-nî 12-gue̍h 25-ji̍t tsì 26-ji̍t àm-sî teh Bí-kok to̍k-li̍p tsiàn-tsing ê sî-tsūn kò-tsûn tōo-kuè Delware-hô, Tsit-ê hîng-tōng sī tī 12-gue̍h 26-ji̍t thàu-tsá teh New Jersey tsiu ê Trenton tsiàn-i̍k tang-tiong tu̍t-si̍p kah tsiàn-sìng Hessian kun-tuī ê tē-it pōo.\n\nTsit-tiunn uē ê guân-pún sī Tik-kok Bremen Bremen gē-su̍t-kuán [en] siu-tsông ê tsi̍t-pòo-hūn, tī 1942-nî jī-tsiàn kî-kan ê tsi̍t-pái hong-tsà tang-tiong hông huí-sún. Leutze koh uē nn̄g-ê pán-pún, kî-tiong tsi̍t-ê tsit-má kǹg-teh New York tshī ê Tuā-too-huē gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán [en]. Līng-guā tsit-tiunn kǹg-teh Washington, D.C. pe̍h-kiong se-i̍k ê tsiap-thāi-khu, m̄-ku tī 2015-nî 3-gue̍h hông kòo-bé pīng-tshiánn teh Minnesota tsiu ê Minnesota hái-iûnn gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán [en] tián-tshut. Tī 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, Christie's [en] suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim. Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut.\n\nLi̍k-sú\n-------\n\n*Washington kò-tsûn hîng-tōo Delware [en] hô (1851 huē-uē)* (1849–1850), iû Emanuel Leutze sóo-huē-uē.\nEmanuel Leutze teh Bí-kok sîng-tióng tuā-hàn ê, sîng-liân liáu-āu, tńg-khì Tik-kok, tī 1848-nî kik-bīng kî-kan bîng-sing tshòng-tsok tsit-pak tôo ê siūnn-huat. Ǹg-bāng iōng Bí-kok kik-bīng uî bôo-iūnn, kóo-lē A-tsiu ê tsū-iûtsú-gī kái-kik-tsiá, lî-tshiánn koh lī-iōng Bí-kok ê iû-kheh hām gē-su̍t ha̍k-sing tsò bôo-ti̍k-jî hām tsōo-tshiú, kî-tiong pau-kua Worthington Whittredge ham Andreas Achenbach, Leutze tī 1850-nî uân-sîng tē-it pak tôo. Tē-it pak tôo uân-sîng liáu-āu, tē-it pak tôo sua-teh i-ê kang-tsok-sik hōo tuā-hue sio-tàn-tiāu, Suî-āu tē-it pak tôo hông siu-ho̍k koh hōo Bremen gē-su̍t-kuán [en] lâi siu-kòo. Tī 1942-nî 9-gue̍h 5-ji̍t, teh jī-tsiàn kî-kan, tē-it pak tôo suà-lâi teh bîng-kun ê hong-tsà tang-tiong tshui-huí.\n\nTē-jī pak tôo sī tē-it pak tôo ê tsuân tshùn-tshiò ho̍k-tsè-phín, tī 1850-nî khai-sí, lî-tshiánn koh-tī 1851-nî 10-gue̍h teh New York tshī tián-tshut. Tshiau-kuè 50,000 lâng lâi tsham-kuan tsit-pak tô. Tsit-pak tôo siōng khai-sí sī-iû Marshall O. Roberts iōng 10,000 bí-kim (hit-tong-sî sī tsi̍t-pit tuā-tsînn, tī 2021-nî tāi-iok sī 350,000 bí-kim) ê kè-siàu lâi siu-bé. Teh tsiânn-tsē piàn thè-uānn sóo-iú-kuân liáu-āu, tsit-pak tôo tsuè-āu tī 1897-nî iû John Stewart Kennedy kuan-tsīng hōo Tuā-too-huē gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán. \"Washington Rallying the Troops at Monmouth\" (Whashington teh Monmouth tsi̍p-kiat kun-tuī), Leutze ê \"Washington Crossing the Delaware\" ê kâng-phuānn tsok-phín teh California tāi-ha̍k [en] Doe tôo-su-kuán ê Heyns (tang-pîng) ua̍t-lám-sik tián-tshut.\n\nTsit-pak tôo teh i-ê li̍k-sú siōng tsì-tsió hông tsió-khì nn̄g-pái.tī 1950 nî-tāi tshoo-kî, tsit-pak tôo sī Texas tsiu Dallas tián-lám ê tsi̍t-pòo-hūn. Jiân-āu, uì 1952-nî khai-sí, teh kū-lî tôo-uē lâi kòo-sū huat-sing ê hiān-tiûnn bô-guā-hn̄g ê Pennsylvania tsiu Washington Crossing ê liân-ha̍p uē-lí kong-huē ê kàu-tn̂g tián-tshut kui-lo̍h-nî.\n\nTī 2002-nî 1-gue̍h, tong-sî tsi̍t-uī tsiân Tuā-too-huē phok-bu̍t-kuán kíng-uē teh tah 911 si̍p-kik ê siòng-phìnn ê sî-tsūn, tsit-pak tôo suá-lâi hông phah oo-khì. Hó-ka-tsài tsit-pak tôo bô-kong tsō-sîng tiōng-tāi ê sún-hāi.\n\nKah tsit-pak tôo tàu-tīn sú-iōng ê kán-tan uē-khing guân-lâi m̄-sī Leutze siat-kè ê guân-sí khing-keh. Tī 2007-nî, teh New York li̍k-sú ha̍k-huē huat-hiān tsit-tiunn iû Mathew Brady tī 1864-nî sóo hip-ê siōng-phínn, tsit-tiunn siōng-phìnn-thâu tián-sī tsit-pak tsòng-kuan ê ing-kuan uē-khing. Ū 12 ing-tshiò x 21 ing-tshiò ê tiau-khik hok-tsè khing-keh sī-iû New York tshī ê Eli Wilner & Company sú-iōng tsit-tiunn siōng-phínn sóo tsè-tsō ê. Kan-na tiau-khik ê ing-tíng-kuan tō-ū 14 ing-tshiò khuah.\n\nTī 1979-nî tsì 2014-nî, tsit-pak tôo ê tē-sann pán sī guân-pán ê sok-sió pán, kuà-teh Pe̍h-kiong ê tsiap-thāi-sik. Tsit-pak tôo hōo Minnesota tsiu Winona tshī Minnesota hái-iûnn gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán [en] ê tshòng-sí-jîn Mary Burrichter hām Bob Kierlin sóo siu-kòo, lî-tshiánn koh tsòphok-bu̍t-kuán ê hi̍k-sim tián-tshut.\n\nTsok-phín ê pòo-kio̍k\n---------------------\n\nTsit-pak tôo sī i-ê gē-su̍t kòo-tôo jî-lai tshut-miâ. Washington tsiong-kun hōo bô tsū-jiân ê bîng-liōng thian-khong lâi kiông-tiāu, m̄-ku i-ê bīn ū lia̍h-tio̍h teh-beh tshiō-tio̍h ê ji̍t-thâu. Sik-tshái tsú-iàu sī tshim-sik ê sik-tiāu sóo tsoo-sîng ê, kán-ná phah-phú-kng hit-tang-tsūn soo ū-kî ê kong-kíng kâng-khuán, m̄-koh teh kuí-tiunn tôo lāi-té it-tsài tshut-hiān an-sik ê kng-tiám. Sok-té ê thàu-sī hām uán-tshù ê tsûn-tsiah lóng teh tsing-ka tsi̍t-pak tô ê tshim-tōo, lî-tshiánn kohkiông-tiāu tsài-tio̍h Washington ê tsit-tsiah tsûn-á.\n\nTsûn-tíng ê lâng tāi-piáu Bí-kok si̍t-bîn-tē ê tsi̍t-ê hîng-tsia̍t-bīn, pau-kua tsi̍t-ê thâu tì Scotland bō-á ê lâng hām tsi̍t-ê Hui-tsiu lâng ê hōo-è teh thâu-tsîng pīng-pâi, se-hong pōo-tshìng-tshiú teh tsûn-thâu kah tsûn-bué, āu-piah ū nn̄g-ê tì khuah-pian bō-á ê lông-bîn (kî-tiong tsi̍t-ê koh-iōng pe̍h-pòo-liâu pau-tsat i-ê thâu). Tsûn-bué koh-ū tsi̍t-ê lâng, i tshīng-tshah kán-ná sī Bí-tsiu guân-tsū-bîn ê sann-khòo; tse-lóng-sī tāi-piáu án-ne ê tsi̍t-tsióng siūnn-huat, tio̍h-sī sin Bí-kok sóo-ū ê lâng lóng kah Washington tàu-tīn tsò-hué teh thong-óng sìng-lī hām sîng-kong ê lōo-thâu-siōng, iā-tio̍h-sī ta̍k-ê lâng lóng tshut-hiān teh kâng tsit-tiâu tsûn ê tíng-kuân.\n\nKin-kù 1853-nî ê tián-lám bo̍k-lio̍k, khiā-tī Washington pín-á tshiú gia̍h-tio̍h kok-kî ê lâng tō-sī Bí-kok bī-lâi ê tsóng-thóng James Monroe tiong-uì, lî-tshiánn uá-khò teh pín-á ê lâng tō-sī Nathanael Greene tsiong-kun. Tshú-guā, Edward Hand tsiong-kun tsē-teh tsûn-lāi, hû-tio̍h i-ê bō-á.\n\nLi̍k-sú tshò-ngōo\n-----------------\n\nTeh tôo-siōng tíng-kuân sóo biâu-huē ê kî-á sī Bí-kok kok-kî (\"Sing-tiâu-kî\") ê tsá-kî pán-pún, tsit-khuán siat-kè teh Washington hîng-tōo ê sî-tsūn koh ia̍h-bé ū. Kî-á ê siat-kè sī tī 1777-nî 6-gue̍h 14-ji̍t ê tē-jī-kài Tāi-lio̍k huē-gī iú-kuan kî-á ê kuat-gī tang-tiong tsiah-ū tē-it-pái ê tsí-tīng, pīng-tī 1777-nî 9-gue̍h 3-ji̍t tē-it-pái khah-lâi sú-iōng; tio̍h-sī kî-á sī teh Washington tī 1776-nî ê hîng-tōo tsi-āu koh tsiânn-kú liáu-āu khah tshut-hiān. Tī 1776-nî 1-gue̍h tshe-1, Washington teh Massachusetts tsiu Somerville sing-khí-lâi ê Tuā Liân-bîng Kî, sī koh-khah hû-ha̍p li̍k-sú ê kî-á, tō-sī tsò Tāi-lio̍k kun ê tāi-piáu piau-tsún hām tē-it bīn ê Bí-kok kok-kî.\n\nKhiā-teh Washington ê li̍p-tiûnn tíng-kuân, tsiânn bîng-hián sī uī-tio̍h iōng ing-hiông ê hong-sik lâi biâu-huē i, si̍t-tsāi lāi-kóng teh pō-hong-ú ê tiâu-kiānn tsi-hā tsûn-á an-tsuân tsiàn-pāi uî-tshî. Iá-koh khó-lū-tio̍h Washington khiā-tio̍h tsit-tiâu iōng kò ê tsûn-á tíng-kuân, án-ne tsit-khuán khiā-tio̍h ê tsu-sè khó-lîng ē-hōo tsûn-á píng-tsûn. Put-jî-kò, li̍k-sú ha̍k-ka David Hackett Fischer jīn-uî, teh tsit-tiunn tôo tíng-kuân ta̍k-ê lâng lóng ài khiā--khí--lâi í-lâi pī-bián hōo tsûn-té ê ping-tsuí bak-tâm; m̄-ku si̍t-tsè-siōng sú-iōng ê Durham-tsûn ū-khah tuā tsiânn-tsē, tsûn-té mā-koh khah pênn, tsûn-á ê tshik-bīn koh-khah kuân, tsûn-á ê huainn-niû mā khah khuah (khuah-tōo) tāi-iok 8 ing-tshiò, tsiah-tsiú tshim-tōo sī 24-30 ing-tshùn.\n\nÍng-hióng\n---------\n\nBiâu-huē teh New Jersey tsiu tsiu bí-hun [en] tíng-kuân ê tsi̍t-pak tôo.\n\"Washington Crossing the Delaware\" (Washington kò-chûn hêng-tō͘ Delaware Hô) sī David Shulman 1936-nî ê tsa̍p-sì hîng si [en]. Tsit-siú si-kua soo piáu-sī ê sī uē-tiong ê tiûnn-kíng, tse-sī tsit-siú tsa̍p-sì hîng ah-ūn ê si-kua, ta̍k-hîng lóng-sī piau-tê ê uānn-uī kòo-sû jī-tshai [en].\n\n1953-nî, Bí-kok liû-hîng gē-su̍t-ka Larry Rivers huē-tsè \"Washington Crossing the Delaware\" (Washington kò-chûn hêng-tō͘ Delaware Hô) ê uetsok, tsit-tiunn tôo hōo New York tshī Hiān-tāi gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán [en] siu-tsông.[9] Tsi̍t-pak tôo iah-koh kè-hua̍t Roy Lichtenstein (1951-nî huē-tsè ê thiu-siōng piáu-hiān tsú-gī piàn-thé) hām Robert Colescott (1975-nî huē-tsè ê piau-tê uî \"George Washington Carver Crossing the Delaware\" ê hóng-tsè-phín) ê ho̍k-tsè-phín.[10] Grant Wood teh i ka-kī ê \"Kik-bīng ê lú-jî\" lāi-té ti̍t-tsiap sú-iōng Leutze ê uē-tsok. Tsit-pak tôo sī tuì D.A.R. (Daughters of the American Revolution) ê ti̍t-tsiap pîng-kik, teh tsim-tsiok sím-sī Wood uì in-ê lóng-bô kin-kù ê tsing-ing tsú-gī tsi kái-suat。\n\nWilliam H. Powell tsong-tso̍k tsit-kpak khiàm Leutze tsok-phín gē-su̍t tsè-bū ê uē-tsok, uē tiong biâu-huē Oliver Perry tī 1812-nî tsiàn-tsing kî-kan tio̍h-sī Erie-ôo tsiàn-i̍k [en] kî-kan kā tsí-hui-kuân uì tsi̍t-tsiah tsûn-tíng tsuán-î kàu līng-guā tsi̍t-tsiah tsûn tíng-kuân. Guân-lâi ê uē-tsok tsit-má kuà-teh Ohio tsiu Gī-huē tāi-hā lāi-té, lî-tshiánn Powell āu-lâi koh tshòng-tsok tsi̍t-pak koh-khah tuā-tiūnn, koh-khah tshián sik-tiāu ê kâng-tsi̍t-ê tsú-tê ê suan-jiám uē, tsit-pak tôo kuà-teh Washington, D.C. ê Bí-kok kok-huē tāi-hā lāi-té. Teh Powell ê nn̄g-pak tsok-phín tang-tiong, Perry lóng khiā-teh tsi̍t-tsiah ū kuí-ā-ê sing-khu tshīng tsè-ho̍k teh kò-ê tsûn-á tíng-kuân. Washington tsit-pak uē-tsok hián-sī uì tsiànn-pîng kàu tò-pîng ê hîng-tsìn hong-hiòng, Perry ê tôo-siōng hián-sī khak-sī tò-píng ê ūn-tōng hong-hiòng; m̄-ku tsit nn̄g-tsióng kòo-tôo teh kî-thann hong-bīn sī bueh-sio-kāng ê. Nn̄g-pak tôo lóng biâu-huē tsûn-tíng ê tsi̍t-miâ sîng-kheh, i-ê thâu-khak lóng tînn-tio̍h pe̍h-pòo-liâu.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Cramer, Maria (April 26, 2022). \"Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month\". *New York Times*. April 26, 2022 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ \"Permanent Revolution\". New York magazine. Sep 10, 2012.\n3. ↑ Spassky, Natalie (1985). \"Washington Crossing the Delaware\". *American Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. A Catalogue of Works by Artists Born between 1816 and 1845*. **2**. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 17–18. ISBN 978-0-87099-439-5.\n4. ↑ Painting gets 9/11 Defacing Archived February 4, 2010, at the Stanford Web Archive\n5. ↑ Abbe, Mary (24 March 2015). \"'Washington Crossing the Delaware' lands in Winona museum\". *Star Tribune*. 17 May 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ Spassky (1985), pp. 20–21.\n7. ↑ Associated Press (December 24, 2011). \"N.Y. museum to unveil more accurate version of George Washington's Delaware River crossing\". *NJ.com*. The Star Ledger. December 25, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n8. ↑ Fischer, 2004, pp. 216–217\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* Anne Hawkes Hutton, *Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware*. Chilton Book Company, 1975. ISBN 0-8019-6418-0. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. (Eng-gí)\n* Fischer, David Hackett (2004). *Washington's Crossing*. Oxford, England; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517034-2.  (Eng-gí)\n* Barratt, Carrie Rebora (Fall 2011). \"*Washington Crossing the Delaware* and the Metropolitan Museum\". *The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin*: 5–19.  (Eng-gí)\n* Howat, John K. (March 1968). \"Washington Crossing the Delaware\" (PDF). *The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin*. **26** (7): 289–299. doi:10.2307/3258337. JSTOR 3258337. January 27, 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n* \"Winona museum gets *Washington Crossing Delaware* painting\". *Twin Cities.com*. Digital First Media. March 24, 2015. December 15, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1953 hōe-ōe) [en], *Washington Crossing the Delaware* (1953 painting), Larry Rivers [en] huē-uē\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Washington Crossing the Delaware*** |\n\n* Introduction to *Washington's Crossing* by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog. (Eng-gí)\n* *Washington Crossing the Delaware* at The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Eng-gí)\n* Full-text of \"The painting *Washington Crossing the Delaware* on display in the Great Hall\" at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Washington kò-chûn hêng-tō͘ Delaware Hô (1851 hōe-ōe)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2549,11784,0.21631025118805158],"infobox":["
    Washington kò-tsûn hîng-tōo Delware [en] hô (1851 huē-uē)
    (Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851))
    \n
    Gē-su̍t-ka\nEmanuel Leutze
    Nî\n1851
    Châi-liāu\nPòo-bīn iû-uē
    Chhùn-chhioh\n378.5 cm × 647.7 cm (149 in × 255 in)
    Só͘-chāi\nMetropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán [en], New York, hām Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán [en], Minnesota Winona
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":13394}} -{"text":"तेरा सर तन से जुड़ा हुआ मादरचोड philip तेरा नुनु कटगया मादरचोस तेरी बीवी को काट काट कर रेप करके फेंक दिया मादरचोड philip तेरा सर तन से जुड़ा हुआ मादरचोड तेरा सर तन से जुड़ा हुआ मादरचोड philip तेरा नुनु कटगया मादरचोस तेरी बीवी को काट काट कर रेप करके फेंक दिया मादरचोड philip तेरा सर तन से जुड़ा हुआ मादरचोड तेरा सर तन से जुड़ा हुआ मादरचोड philip तेरा नुनु कटगया मादरचोस तेरी बीवी को काट काट कर रेप करके फेंक दिया मादरचोड philip तेरा सर तन से जुड़ा हुआ मादरचोड तेरा सर तन से जुड़ा हुआ मादरचोड philip तेरा नुनु कटगया मादरचोस तेरी बीवी को काट काट कर रेप करके फेंक दिया मादरचोड philip तेरा सर तन से जुड़ा हुआ मादरचोड तेरा सर तन से जुड़ा हुआ मादरचोड philip तेरा नुनु कटगया मादरचोस तेरी बीवी को काट काट कर रेप करके फेंक दिया मादरचोड philip तेरा सर तन से जुड़ा हुआ मादरचोड तेरा सर तन से जुड़ा हुआ मादरचोड philip तेरा नुनु कटगया मादरचोस तेरी बीवी को काट काट कर रेप करके फेंक दिया मादरचोड philip तेरा सर तन से जुड़ा हुआ मादरचोड तेरा सर तन से जुड़ा हुआ मादरचोड philip तेरा नुनु कटगया मादरचोस तेरी बीवी को काट काट कर रेप करके फेंक दिया मादरचोड philip तेरा सर तन से जुड़ा हुआ मादरचोड तेरा सर तन से जुड़ा हुआ मादरचोड philip तेरा नुनु कटगया मादरचोस तेरी बीवी को काट काट कर रेप करके फेंक दिया मादरचोड philip तेरा सर तन से जुड़ा हुआ मादरचोड तेरा सर तन से जुड़ा हुआ मादरचोड philip तेरा नुनु कटगया मादरचोस तेरी बीवी को काट काट कर रेप करके फेंक दिया मादरचोड philip तेरा सर तन से जुड़ा हुआ मादरचोड","meta":{"title":"Nike","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1098,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1376}} -{"text":"**Pak-iông sûn-kìng ha̍k-tông** (hàn-gú: 北洋巡警學堂), sī Tiong-kok siōng-tsá ê kìng-tshat ha̍k-hāu ê bîng-tshing, mā kiò-tsò Thian-tsin kìng-bū ha̍k-tông (天津警務學堂), sîng-li̍p tī 1902-nî.\n\nÊn-kik\n------\n\nTong-sî kin-kì Sin-thiú tiâu-iok, Thian-tsin tē-khu bē-tàng tsù-kun, Uân Sè-khái kā kun-tuī kái-pian tsò sûn-kìng tsìn-ji̍p Thian-tsin tē-khu; pīng-tshiánn siat-li̍p kìng-bū ha̍k-tông, tē-tsí sī teh Tiong-kok Thian-tsin Hô-pak (河北) Tê-tiôu tshun (堤頭村), iû Thian-tsin sûn-kìng tsóng-kàm Tiáu Píng-kun hū-tsik tiû-kiàn. 1903-nî kah Pó-tīng kìng-bū ha̍k-tông (保定警務學堂) ha̍p-pìng, kái-miâ tsò \"Pak-iông sûn-kíng ha̍k-tông\". 1911年 (Suan-thòng 3-nî) 5-gue̍h，Pak-iông sûn-kíng ha̍k-tông koh-tsài pìng-ji̍p Pó-tīng hú sûn-kìng ha̍k-tông (保定府巡警學堂) hām Thian-tsin siat sûn-kìng kàu-liān-sóo (天津設巡警教練所). Pak-iông sûn-kíng ha̍k-tông lóng-tsóng puê-hùn kuann-kìng ta̍t-kàu 25-kî, pit-gia̍p sing jîn-sòo ū 3,632 jîn.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 顧明遠．教育大辭典．上海教育出版社，1998年 (Hàn-gí)\n2. ↑ \"北洋巡警学堂刊印的《国文课本》\" Archived 2023-08-03 at the Wayback Machine.近代警察史博物館,retrieved Aug.3,2023. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* King-tsí puê-khuán (庚子賠款)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 北洋巡警學堂 (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Pak-iông sûn-kèng ha̍k-tông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[226,1176,0.1921768707482993],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1372}} -{"text":"Campora San Giovanni.\n**Campora San Giovanni** sī Ì-tāi-lī Amantea Hêng-chèng-khu o̍eh ê Ti̍t-hat-chhī, tī Cosenza-séng kah Catanzaro-séng ê pian-kài.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nI ê Keng-chè sī ki-î Lông-gia̍p ki̍p lí-iû, chiông 1950 nî-tāi í-lâi, í-keng pôe-iáng kahhoat-tián Âng iûⁿ-chhang, chhut-siû kàu kok-lāi kah kok-gōa chhī-tiûⁿ. Tī kè-khì Jī-cha̍p nî chi-lāi ū kè-sio̍k chhut-kháu Âng iûⁿ-chhang sán-phín，ka-siōng kî-thaⁿ ê siong-gia̍p o̍ah-tāng, tùi tong-tē Keng-chè ū-lī.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nLe̍k-sú kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t\n-----------------------\n\nChi̍t-ê Cha̍p-sì sè-kí ê tōa-thah sī ûi-it hián-tù ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t.\n\nTong-tē bí-si̍t\n---------------\n\nCampora San Giovanni ê bí-si̍t phó͘-thong lâi-chū Lông-gia̍p kah Hî-gia̍p thôan-thóng. I pau-koat kán-tan chhài-ngâu, ho̍k-cha̍p ko-tiám ki̍p ti-bah téng-téng:\n\n### Phô-tô-chiú\n\nTong-tē phô-tô-chiú hián-tù, te̍k-pia̍t sī Âng Phô-tô-chiú; chòe ū-miâ ê sī \"savuto\" kah Kài-lo̍k phín-chéng.\n\nCha̍p-hāng\n----------\n\n* I chú-iàu kàu-tn̂g sī kiàn-siat tī 1956-nî.\n\nGōa-pō͘ Liân-chiap\n------------------\n\n* Campora San Giovanni","meta":{"title":"Campora San Giovanni","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[62,956,0.06485355648535565],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1191}} -{"text":"\n**Ông Thiam-teng** (王添灯; 1901 nî 6 goe̍h 24 – 1947 3 goe̍h 11 [sit-chong]), Tâi-oân-séng Séng-chham-gī-goân, Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ Chhú-lí Uí-oân-hoē soan-thoâⁿ-cho͘-tíuⁿ.\n\nÔng Thiam-teng 1901 nî 6 goe̍h 24 ji̍t chhut-sì tī Tâi-pak Sin-tiàm An-khiⁿ. Kong-ha̍k-hāu chhut-gia̍p liáu-āu khì Sin-tiàm Chng-ia̍h-tiûⁿ (庄役場) kang-chok. 1930 nî tam-jīm Tâi-oân Tē-hng-chu-ti Liân-bêng Tâi-pak Chi-pō͘ huh-chek-jîn. 1931 nî chhòng-lip Bûn-san Tê-hâng, keng-êng hui-siông sêng-kong, mā piàn-chó chèng-tī ê tiûⁿ-só͘. 1931 nî 4 goe̍h chhut-pán *Tâi-oân Chhī-ke-chng-chèng Chī Si̍t-chè* thó-lūn Tâi-oân tē-hng-chu-tī ê bûn-tê.\n\nChiong-chiàn liáu-āu, kè-siok tê-hio̍h ê seng-lí, tam-jīm Tê-hiō-kong-hoē lí-sū-tiúⁿ, mā tī chèng-toâⁿ kap sin-bûn-kài chin jia̍t-sim. 1946 nî tòng-soán Tâi-oân-séng chham-gī-goân, Tâi-pak kan-nā Ông Thiam-teng kap N̂g Tiâu-khîm 2 ê. \nI tī le Séng-chham-gī-hoē té-té 28 kang ê hoē-kî lāi-té, thê-chhut 13 kiāⁿ tan-tok thê-àn kap 5 kiāⁿ liân-hap thê-àn, hoat-giân 81 pái. Siòng chhut-miâ ê chit-sûn sī *Tâi-oân Thn̂g-pau* kap *Peh-hiah Chia̍h A-phiàn*. \n\nKok-bîn-tóng cha̍p-siū Tâi-oân liáu-āu, chhut-sán thn̂g ê Tâi-oân soah bé bô thn̂g? Ông Thiam-teng kap Lîm Ji̍t-ko chit-sûn [Chu-oân-huí-oân-huì chiap-siu Tâi-thn̂g ê 15 bàn tóng ê thn̂g ê hē-lō, Goân-lâi sī Tâi-oân Hêng-chèng-tiúⁿ-koaⁿ Kong-sú kā Tâi-thn̂g chiap-siū Ji̍t-bún ê 15 bàn tóng ê thn̂g thau ūn khì Tiong-kok thàn toā-chîⁿ. Ông Thiam-teng chit-sûn kóng \"Tân Gî Tiúⁿ-koaⁿ chin koan-hoâi Tâi-oân-tông-pau khui-chhuì ha̍p-chhuì lóng-sī Tâi-oân tông-pau, chin put-hèng hiah ê cha̍p-siū Tâi-oân koan-sim ê sī Tâi-oân thn̂g-pau m̄ sī Tâi-oân tông-paú́.\"\n\nÔng Thiam-teng kap Lîm Ji̍t-ko mā chit-sûn Bó͘-ek-kio̍k kap Choan-bē-kio̍k su-thun sò͘-chhiⁿ-bàn ê cha̍p-siu bu̍t-chu, Ông Thiam-teng mn̄g Choan-bē-kio̍k kio̍k-tiúⁿ Jīn Uî-kun \"Lí chai-iáⁿ m̄ chai-iáⁿ Choan-bē-kiok pò-siāu 70 kong-kin a-phiàn ê tāi-chì?\" Jīn Uî-kun kóng \"Thiaⁿ-kóng sī khì hō͘ peh-hiah chiah khì.\" Ông Thiam-teng kóng goá chhiàⁿ choan-ka lâi chhì-giām, chèng-bêng a-phiàn sī khì hō͘ lâng chia̍h khì m̄ sī peh-hiah.\n\nJī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ hoat-seng liáu-āu i tan-jīm Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ Chhú-lí Uî-goân-hoē soaⁿ-thoâⁿ-cho͘-tíuⁿ, tuì Tân Gî Chèng-hú thê-chhut *Chhú-lí-tâi-kong*. 3 goeh 9 ji̍t poàⁿ-mî, hiàn-peng pau-uî Ông Thiam-teng ê chhù, kā i liah-cháu. \n\nKin-kù bok-kek-chiá ê hôe-ek, Ông Thiam-teng khì hō͘ hiàn-peng tē 4 thoân thoân-tiúⁿ Tiuⁿ Bo͘-thô phoà khì-iû lâi sio--sì.\n\nChām-goā liân-kiat\n------------------\n\n* 228 Sū-kiān Kì-liām Ki-kim-hoē: Ông Thiam-teng ê siāu-kài Archived 2008-06-05 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Ông Thiam-teng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[96,2479,0.03872529245663574],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2873}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Âng-chhang-thâu |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Liliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Asparagales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Alliaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Allium* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***A. ascalonicum*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Allium ascalonicum***L. |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Âng-chhang-thâu** sī chhang-sio̍k ê si̍t-bu̍t.\n\nÂng-chhang-thâu sī khiàn-phang iōng-ê châi-liāu, chìⁿ-liáu phang-kòng-kòng. Ē-tàng būn bí-ko, būn iû-pn̄g, chò kóe, pa̍k chàng. Liāu-lí ê ùn-liāu chham âng-chhang-thâu mā chin ū khì-bī.\n\nGoân-sán tī Se-a ê âng-chhang-thâu ha̍k-miâ *Allium ascalonicum* L. (tông-gī-sû: *Allium hierochuntinum* Boiss. *Allium cepa* L. var. *aggregatum* G. Don), ū choan-ka jīn-ûi sī chhang-thâu (*A. cepa*) ê 1 chióng. Goân-sán Tiong-a ê *Allium oschaninii* O. Fedtsch. mā ē-sái kóng sī 1 chióng âng-chhang-thâu.\n\nTô͘\n---\n\n* Tâi-oânTâi-oân\n* Hoat-kok lâm-pō͘Hoat-kok lâm-pō͘\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* Fritsch RM, Friesen N. 2002. Evolution, Domestication, and Taxonomy. Tī *Allium Crop Science: Recent Advances*, Rabinowitch HD, Currah L ha̍p-pian. 2006/8/8 hā-chài.\n* Chhit-kó͘ Hong-chêng: Âng-chhang-thâu Archived 2006-11-11 at the Wayback Machine.\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Holopedia | *Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ pún-té khan tī holopedia.net.* |","meta":{"title":"Âng-chhang-thâu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[471,998,0.47194388777555113],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1457}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Sè-khún |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Toā-tn̂g-khún *Escherichia coli* |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n| He̍k: | **Bacteria** |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g |\n| Acidobacteria\nActinobacteria\nAquificae\nBacteroidetes\nChlamydiae\nChlorobi\nChloroflexi\nChrysiogenetes\nCyanobacteria\nDeferribacteres\nDeinococcus-Thermus\nDictyoglomi\nFibrobacteres\nFirmicutes\nFusobacteria\nGemmatimonadetes\nNitrospirae\nPlanctomycetes\nProteobacteria\nSpirochaetes\nThermodesulfobacteria\nThermomicrobia\nThermotogae\nVerrucomicrobia |\n\n**Sè-khún** (細菌; *bacterium*; ba̋i-kín) sī sò·-bo̍k chìam chiok-chē ê iú-ki-thé. Sè-khún pī the̍h-lâi chí-chheng prokaryotes he̍k eubacteria sīm-chí pau-koah Archaea. Chia, sè-khún kan-taⁿ kóng-sī eubacteria. Gián-kiù sè-khún ê ha̍k-būm kìo-chò sè-khún-ha̍k, sī bî-seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê kî-tiong chi̍t pō·-mn̂g. \n\nSè-khún sī só·-ū seng-bu̍t lāi-té sò·-liōng siāng-chē ê. In kóng-hoat chûn-chāi tī thô·-bah, chúi ê khoân-kéng, koh kah kî-thaⁿ seng-bu̍t kiōng-seng (symbiosis). Chiok-chē pēⁿ-goân-thé sī sè-khún. Sè-khún ê hêng-thé chiâⁿ-sè, éng-éng kan-taⁿ 0.5 kàu 5.0 μm hiah-tōa, sui-bóng ū-ê khah-tōa chhiūⁿ Thiomargarita namibiensis kap Epulopiscium fishelsoni ē tōa-kàu chhiau-kòe 0.5 mm. In it-poaⁿ ū sè-pau-piah, chhiūⁿ si̍t-bu̍t kap ko͘ hit-khoán, m̄-koh, sè-khún ê sè-pau-piah chèng-siông sī peptidoglycan só· kò·-sêng, m̄-sī cellulose (tī si̍t-bu̍t), ia̍h-m̄-sī chitin (tī *fungus*), kah eukaryote ê sè-pau-piah mā-m̄-sī sio-kâng-goân-thâu ê. Chiâⁿ-chē ē ēng flagellum lâi sóa-tín-tang, m̄-koh in ê kò·-chō kah kî-thaⁿ seng-bu̍t ê bô-kâng.","meta":{"title":"Sè-khún","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[397,1448,0.27417127071823205],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1800}} -{"text":"Fort Anthonio, Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ ê 1 pō͘-hūn\n\n**Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ** (紅毛城, Se-pan-gâ-gí: Fuerte de Santo Domingo), 1628 nî Se-pan-gâ-lâng tī Tâi-oân pak-po· ê Hō·-bóe khí ê siâⁿ.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nKàu 1642 nî ê sî, Hô-lân-lâng ǹg-pak kóaⁿ-cháu Se-pan-gâ-lâng. In-ūi Hô-lân-lâng sio̍k-chheng Âng-mn̂g, ta̍k-ke sòa-lâi khai-sí kā San Domingo Siâⁿ kái-kiò **Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ**. 1661 nî, Tēⁿ Sêng-kong kóaⁿ-cháu chôan Tâi-oân ê Hô-lân-lâng. Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ lo̍h-ji̍p Bêng-chèng ê chhiú-thâu. 1681 nî Bêng-chèng bat siu-lí Âng-mn̂g-siaⁿ, jî-chhiáⁿ phài peng chū-siú. Nn̄g-nî-āu (1683 nî), Chheng-tiâu chhu̍t-peng phah-pāi Bêng-chèng, Tâi-oân siu-ji̍p Chheng-tiâu ê pán-tô·. Chi̍t-khai-sí ū phài an-pêng-chù-su tēng-kî sûn-sī Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ, kàu Khong-hi òan-kî chiām-chiām sit-siu. Tī 1724 nî, Tām-chúi-thiaⁿ siu-lí Âng-mn̂g-siâ. Aū--lâi tī 1860 nî, Chheng-tiâu kap Eng-kok chhiam Thian-chin Tiâu-iok. Àn Thian-chin Tiâu-iok, su-iàu khai-hòng Hō·-bóe ê káng-káu hō͘ gōa-kok-lâng chò seng-lí. 1861 nî Eng-kok tī Hō·-bóe siat léng-sū-kóan. 1868 nî, Eng-kok kah léng-sū-kóan sóa lâi Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ.\n\nKàu 1970 nî-tāi chá-kî, Tiong-hôa-bîn-kok chèng-hú khai-sí sit-khì kap sè-kài chú-iàu kok-ka ê gōa-kau koan-hē. Eng-kok tī 1972 nî 3 go̍eh thiat-cháu siat tī Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ ê léng-sū-kóan. Eng-kok ka Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ chiām-sî kau Ò-chiu kóan-lí. Kāng-nî 12 go̍eh, Tiong-hôa-bîn-kok kap Australia mā tōan-cho̍at-pang-kau. Kái kau ho· Bí-kok kóan-lí. It-ti̍t-kàu 1980 nî 6 go̍eh 30 hêng Tiong-hôa-bîn-kok.\n\nSòaⁿ-téng chu-gôan\n------------------\n\n* [*biân-uán bô-hāu liân-kiat*]\n* Archived 2005-10-24 at the Wayback Machine.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Hô-lân léng Formosa (1624–1662) |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Cho͘-chit | \n* Hô-lân Liân-ha̍p Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si\n\n | |\n| |\n| Tāi-chì | \n* Liāu-lô-oan Hái-chiàn [en]\n* Pêng-tiāⁿ Formosa\n* Lamey Tó Sū-kiāⁿ [en]\n* Koeh Hoâi-it chi loān [en]\n* Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ Pau-ûi-chiàn\n\n |\n| |\n| Só͘-chāi | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Hiuⁿ-siā | \n* Bakloan\n* Dalivo\n* Favorlang\n* Kelang\n* Longkiau\n* Mattau\n* Pangsoia\n* Pimaba\n* Sakam\n* Sinkan\n* Soulang\n* Tampsuy\n* Tamsuy\n* Tevorang\n* Tirosen\n\n |\n| |\n| Siâⁿ | \n* Phêⁿ-ô͘-siâⁿ [en]\n* Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ\n* Phó͘-lô-bîn-jia Siâⁿ\n* Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Jîn-bu̍t | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tióng-koaⁿ | \n* Martinus Sonck\n* Gerard Frederikszoon de With\n* Pieter Nuyts\n* Hans Putmans\n* Johan van der Burg\n* Paulus Traudenius\n* Maximilian le Maire\n* François Caron\n* Pieter Anthoniszoon Overtwater\n* Nicolas Verburg\n* Cornelis Caesar\n* Frederick Coyett\n\n |\n| |\n| Thoân-kàu-sū | \n* George Candidius\n* Daniel Gravius\n* Antonius Hambroek\n* Gilbertus Happart\n* Robert Junius\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | \n* Tēⁿ Chi-liông\n* Tēⁿ Sêng-kong\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[829,2278,0.36391571553994734],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3165}} -{"text":"\n**Tong-hong king-tsè lūn-tân** (gô-gú: Восточный экономический форум hi̍k-tsiá ВЭФ; hàn-gú: 東方經濟論壇) sī ta̍k-nî teh Gôlôsu Vladivostok kí-hîng ê kok-tsè lūn-tân, tsú-iàu ê tsong-tsí sī teh kóo-lē guā-siong teh Gôlôsu Uán-tong tē-khu lâi tâu-tsu.\n\nMalaysia tsóng-lí Mahathir Mohamad, Gôlôsu tsóng-thóng Vladimir Putin lóng tshut-si̍k 2019-nî Tong-hong king-tsè lūn-tân uì 2015-nî khí ta̍k-nî 9-gue̍h teh Gôlôsu Vladivostok uán-tong liân-pang tāi-ha̍k kú-hîng. Ji̍t-pún siú-siòng pat-tī 2017-nî tshut-si̍k tsit-ê lūn-tân.\n\nLiâu-kok kok-ka hù tsú-si̍k Pany Yathotou sī 2023-nî 9-gue̍h tē-8 kài Tong-hong king-tsè lūn-tân tang-tiong siōng tiōng-iàu ê guā-pin.\n\nTong-hong king-tsè lūn-tân iû Gôlôsu tsìng-hú hia̍p-huē Roscongress tsí-tīng sóo tsoo-sîng ê uí-guân-huē lâi tsú-pān ê, tsit-ê tsoo-tsit iah-koh tsú-pān St. Petersburg ê kok-tsè king-tsè lūn-tân kah kî-thann tíng-tíng ê kok-tsè lūn-tân.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Venue of the Eastern Economic Forum\". goân-loē-iông tī 2017-09-07 hőng khó͘-pih. 2017-09-07 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ Japanese Prime-Minister Abe and Foreign Affairs minister Kono are attending Far East Economic Forum (September 6-7, 2017) (Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs) in Japanese\n3. ↑ Far East Economic Forum Begins Today in Vladivostok Archived 2017-09-06 at the Wayback Machine. (NHK) in Japanese\n4. ↑ \"Kremlin says Laos will be top guest at economic forum, no word on Kim Jong Un\". *Reuters*. 10 September 2023.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* St. Petersburg International Economic Forum\n* World Economic Forum\n* Boao Forum for Asia\n* Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām\n* Roscongress Foundation","meta":{"title":"Tong-hong keng-chè lūn-tân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[791,1722,0.45934959349593496],"infobox":["
    Tong-hong king-tsè lūn-tân
    \n\"A
    Formation\n2015
    Headquarters\nVladivostok, Russia
    Location\n
    Region served
    		\nRussian Far East
    Organizer
    		\nRussian Government, Roscongress Foundation
    Website\nforumvostok.ru/en/
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1817}} -{"text":"\n\n**Sam-thue sîng-jī-huat** (hàn-gú: 三推成字法; ing-gú: three steps into characters; **sam-thui sîng-tsī huat**) ûi Tshing-kok ka-khìng [zh] 5-nî (1800年) tsìn-kang jîn-sū N̂g Khiam (黃謙) sóo tù-tsok ê tsi̍t-pōo kin-kì Tiong-kok Tsuân-tsiu lâm-uann khiunn uî-tsú ê Bân-lâm-gú im-ūn su \"Uī-im miāu-ngōo\" (彙音妙悟) tsit-pún tsheh lāi-té sóo thê-tshut ê siong-tsá Bân-lâm-gú phing-jī huat. Tsit khuán phing-jī huat sī-í ūn-bió \"ngōo-tsa̍p ê jī-bó (guân-im)\" uî king, í siann-bió \"tsap-ngōo ê im (hú-im)\" uî uī, koh iōng \"8 im siann-tiāu\" su-tsit kuàn-tshuan kî-kan, tō-lâi tsiânn-tsò \"Sam thue sîng-jī huat\".\n\nGú-sû kiat-kòo\n--------------\n\n| Ūn-bió (guân-im) |\n| Siann-bió (hú-im) | Siann-tiāu (tiâu-hō) |\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 總主編 陳支平,徐泓,\"閩南方言\",福建人民出版社,福州市,2010年1月,pp.259-261. ISBN 978-7-211-05758-0 (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Tiong-kok chhiat-im sin-jī [zh] (Tiong-kok tshiat-im sin-jī)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 三推成字法 (Hàn-gí)\n* 彙音與十五音傳承簡考Archived 2014-09-03 at the Wayback Machine. (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Sam-thue sêng-jī hoat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[551,1174,0.469335604770017],"infobox":["
    Sam-thue sîng-jī-huat
    〈Lūi im miāu ngōo〉
    Chok-chiá\nN̂g Khiam
    Original title\nLūi im miāu ngōo
    Kok-ka\nTshing-kok
    Gí-giân\nTsuân-tsiu-uē
    Lūi-hêng\nIm-ūn tôo-ha̍k
    Chhut-pán ji̍t-chí
    		\n1800-nî
    ","
    \nSam-thue sîng-jī-huat
    Hàn-jī\n三推成字法
    Tâi-lô\nSam-thue sîng-jī-huat
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1133}} -{"text":"\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Pún-chiuⁿ sī sio̍k-î **Ki-tok-kàu** hē-lia̍t ê chi̍t-ê pō·-hūn |\n| |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu Le̍k-sú**\nIâ-so͘ Ki-tok\nCha̍p-jī ê Sù-tô·\nTong-hong Kéng-Kàu\nTang-sai Kàu-hōe ê hun-lia̍t\nSi̍p-jī-kun ê Tang-cheng\nChong-kàu ê Kái-kek |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Sîn-ha̍k**\nKi-tok-kàu ê Chông-pài \nIn-tián · Kiù-in \nSan-siōng ê Kàu-hùn \nSi̍t-chāi ê hok-khì\nChú ê Kî-tó-bûn\nCha̍p-tiâu-kài\nSèng-lêng\nTháu-pa̍k sîn-ha̍k\n**Ki-tok-kàu ê Lé-chiat**\nSé-lé\nSèng-chhan-lé |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Sèng-keng**\nKū-iok Sèng-keng\nSin-iok Sèng-keng\nÂng-phoê Sèng-keng |\n| Ki-tok-kàu ê Cheh-ji̍t\nSèng-tàn-cheh\nSèng-tàn Ló-jîn\nKoh-oa̍h-cheh |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Kàu-phài**\nTang-chèng-kàu\nThian-chú-kàu\nIâ-so·-hōe\nTō-bêng-hōe\nKi-tok-sin-kàu\nBí-kok Kong-lí-hōe\nBí-kok Kui-chèng Kàu-hōe\nEng-kok Kok-kàu\nAn-hioh-ji̍t Hōe\nTâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hoē\nGō·-sûn-chat Kàu-phài\nSù-tô·-sìn-sim-hoē \nSîn-tiàu-hōe\nSîn ê Kàu-hoē\nChin Iâ-so· Kàu-hōe\n**Siū chèng-thóng kàu-hōe kheh-che̍h**\nIâ-hô-hoa Kiàn-chèng-jîn\nIâ-so· Ki-tok Āu-kî Sèng-tô· Kàu-hōe\nSin-iok Kàu-hōe\nThóng-it Kàu-hōe |\n\n*讀無白話字？請看Talk:Chin\\_Iâ-so͘\\_Kàu-hōe.*\n**Chin Iâ-so͘ Kàu-hōe** sī Ki-tok-sin-kàu Gō͘-sûn-chat ūn-tōng ê chi̍t-ê hun-chi. Iû Tiong-kok lâng Tiuⁿ Lêng-seng, Gūi Pó-lô kah Tiuⁿ Pa-ná-pa chhòng-sí î kong-gôan 1917 nî, tī Tiong-kok Pak-kiaⁿ siat-li̍p ê kàu-hōe. Chit ê kàu-hōe ê bo̍k-phiau sī beh \"chín-kiù bān bîn\" ê Chin Hok-im thôan-piàn sè-kài, thang giâⁿ-chih Iâ-so͘ chài lâi. Hiān-chāi hun-pò͘ tī Tâi-oân, Sin-ka-pho, Hiong-káng, Ji̍t-pún, Hân-kok kah Tiong-kok kok-tē. Chit ê kàu-hōe bô khèng-chiok Sèng-tàn-cheh kah Koh-oa̍h-cheh. \nChit ê hōe sī khip-chhú jī-cha̍p sè-kí chho͘ ùi Bí-kok thôan-ji̍p ê An-hioh-ji̍t Hōe, Sù-tô͘ Sìn-sim Hōe kah Sîn-tiàu-hōe téng-téng kàu-phài ê bó͘-chióng kàu-gī. Tî-liáu sìn-hōng Sèng-keng, chun-siú Cha̍p-tiâu-kài, siú pài-la̍k chò an-hioh-ji̍t, hêng sèng-chhan hō͘ sìn-tô͘ hō͘-siong sóe-kha téng lé-gî í-gōa, in kiông-tiāu sìn to̍k-it-chin-sîn, hóan-tùi saⁿ-ūi-it-thé. Siū-sóe sî-chūn pit-su bīn-hiàng-ē kui sin-khu chìm-ji̍p chúi-tiong; hōe-iàu kóng hong-giân (kóng lêng-giân); khò kóaⁿ-kúi kî-tó tī-pēⁿ, put iân-i ho̍k-io̍h. Lé-pài sî-chūn, in iàu sìn-tô͘ hā-kūi kap tông-siaⁿ kî-tó, he̍k-sī chhiùⁿ lêng-koa kah thiàu lêng-bú.\n\nCha̍p-tōa Sìn-tiâu:\n\n1. **Sìn Iâ-so͘**: Sìn Iâ-so͘ sī tō-chhiâⁿ jio̍k-sin, ûi chín-kiù chōe-jîn tāi-sí tī Si̍p-jī-kè chiūⁿ, tē-saⁿ thiⁿ ho̍k-o̍ah, seng thiⁿ; i-sī jîn-lūi ê ûi-it chi kiù-chú, thiⁿ-tē chi chú-cháiⁿ, to̍k-it-chin-Sîn.\n2. **Sìn Sèng-keng**: Sìn Sin-iok Sèng-keng kah Kū-iok Sèng-keng sī Sîn só khé-sī, ûi chèng-bêng chin-tō ê ûi-it ê kin-kì, kah sìn–tô seⁿ-o̍ah ê chún-chek.\n3. **Sìn Chìm-lé**: Sìn chúi-chìm sī sià-chōe tiông-seng ê tián-lé, pit-su iû í-keng siū chúi-lêng jī-chìm-chiá, hōng chú Ia-so͘ sèng-miâ, tī o̍ah-chúi tiong kā siū-chìm-chiá û-í kē-hā thâu ê chôan-sin-khu chìm-lé.\n4. **Sìn Sèng-lêng**: Sìn siū Sèng-lêng ê chìm sī tit-tio̍h Thian-kok ki-gia̍p ê pîn-kì, pēng-í kóng hong-giân ûi siū Sèng-lêng ê bêng-chèng.\n5. **Sìn Sèng-chhan-lé**: Sìn Sèng-chhan-lé sī ūi-tio̍h kì-liām chú ê sí, tông-niá chú-bah, chú-hoeh, kah chú liân-ha̍p, e-tàng tit-tio̍h éng-seng, tī bo̍at-ji̍t ho̍k-o̍ah ê tián-lé. Ài sî-siông kí-hêng, tān-sī pit-su iōng chi̍t-ê bô-kàⁿ piáⁿ ki̍p phû-tô chiap kí-pān ê.\n6. **Sìn An-hioh-ji̍t**: Sìn An-hioh-ji̍t (lé-pài-la̍k) sī Sîn sù-hok ê ji̍t. Tān-sī ài tī in-tián chi-hā kì-liām chhòng-chō ki̍p kiù-sio̍k ê in, pēng phàn-bōng lâi-sè éng-óan an-hioh jî chun-siú ê.\n7. **Sìn Tit-kiù**: Sìn tit-kiù sī pún hohⁿ–in, iā-sī in-tio̍h sìn. Tān-sī pit-su i-khò Sèng-lêng tui-kiû sèng-kiat, si̍t-chiān keng-hùn, kèng-ùi Sîn hô ài-jîn.\n8. **Sìn Chòe-āu Sím-phòaⁿ**: Sìn chú Iâ-so pit-tēng î sè-kài bo̍at-ji̍t, chiông thian kàng-hā lâi-lîm, sím-phòaⁿ bān-bîn; gī-jîn ē-tit éng-seng, ok-lâng cho-siū éng-hêng-ho̍at.\n9. **Sìn Kàu-hōe**: Sìn pún-hōe sī Iâ-so Ki-tok chià-tio̍h bóan-hō Sèng-lêng só siat-li̍p, ûi ho̍k-heng sái–tô sî-tāi ê chin kàu-hōe.\n10. **Sìn Sóe-kha-lé**: Sìn Sóe-kha-lé sī kah chú ū-hūn, í-ki̍p kàu-hùn siong-ài, sèng-kiat, khiam-pi, ho̍k-sāi, jiâu-sù ê tián-lé. Tùi múi chi̍t-ê siū-chìm-chiá, lóng-ài hōng chú Ia-so͘ sèng-miâ kā-û Sóe-kha it-chhù, chì-î pí-chhú Sóe-kha, pit-iàu sî-sī khó-hêng.\n\nTī Tâi-ôan ê Thôan-kàu Le̍k-sú\n------------------------------\n\n1925 nî Tiong-kok-lâng Tiuⁿ Pa-ná-pa, Koeh To-má, Lîm Se-lá téng-téng kàu Ē-mn̂g, Chiang-chiu téng ê tē-khu khì thôan-tō. Tī Ji̍t-pún Sî-tāi, ū Tâi-ôan-lâng kah tì-sek chheng-liân N̂g Tiâⁿ-chhong, N̂g Tiâⁿ-chhiau, Tiuⁿ Sat-khia, Ông Iâ-lī-bí téng lâng tī Hok-kiàn-séng ê Hok-chiu; kap Ngô͘ Tō-gôan tī Ē-mn̂g, sian-hō͘ sìn Iâ-so͘ kah kui-ji̍p Chin Iâ-so͘ Kàu-hōe.\n\n### Pêⁿ-tē Kàu-hōe ê Sèng-kang\n\nIn Sé-lé í-āu bô kú chiū tit-tō Sèng-lêng, nái siong-gī Tâi-ôan ê thôan-tō kang-chok. Gôan-sian iû n̂g Iok-su-a chāi 1925 nî chhiu-thiⁿ óng-hôe Tâi-ôan, tī kò͘-hiong Chiong-hòa Sòaⁿ-se hiòng kî-thaⁿ Tiúⁿ-ló-hōe ê chhin-chhek chèng-tō. \n\n1926 nî Saⁿ-go̍eh Nn̄g-ji̍t iân-iû n̂g Tiâⁿ-chhiau, Ngô͘ Tō-gôan, Ông Iâ-lī-bí téng lâng tài-niá Tiuⁿ Pa-ná-pa, Koeh To͘ -má, Ko Lō͘-ka, Tîn Gôan-khiam téng thôan-tō jîn iû Ē-mn̂g tah chûn té Tâi-ôan. Chāi-sian tī Sòaⁿ-se hiong-chhoan cha̍p-gō͘ tiuⁿ-lôe, kah Ún-á chhoan kí-pān siú-chhù ê pò͘-tō tāi-hōe. In Cha̍p-ji̍t tī cha̍p-gō͘ tiuⁿ-lôe kí-hêng tē it-chhù ê chìm-lé, kiōng-ū 62 miâ siū-sé.\n\nSûi-hiō kàu Tâi-lâm pò͘-tō, pēng-chhiáⁿ hun-chhut nn̄g ê pan; chi̍t-pan chûn-liû tī Tâi-lâm-chhī, lēng it-pan lâng kàu Gû-thiau-oaiⁿ khui-pān pò͘-tō hōe, cha̍p-poeh ji̍t ū 27 miâ siū-sé.\n\nSì-go̍eh Nn̄g-ji̍t in kàu Chheng-chúi kè-sio̍k pò͘-tō, gō͘-ji̍t chì-î Lo̍k-liâu ū cha̍p-it miâ siū-chìm. Chi-āu in chóan-óng Tâi-pak-khu pò͘-tō nn̄g thiⁿ, chiong-î cha̍p-jī ji̍t kiat-sok chit-kái ê thôan-tō kang-chok. Iû-chāi Ke-lâng tah-chûn tńg-thâu hôe tāi-lio̍k. \n\n### Soaⁿ-tē Thôan-tō ê Le̍k-sú\n\nTī Ji̍t-kì-sî-tāi ê sî-chūn, Goán Tâi-ôan tông-pau khoat-ho̍at sìn-gióng ê chū-iû, in-chhú tī thôan-tō kang-chok chiūⁿ, pōe-chēng khùn-lân. tān-sī Sîn ê tō-lí bô phōe khún-páng. Hok-im khiok-sī lêng tī tāng-tāng ê khún-páng tiong-kan, thôan-piàn Soaⁿ-tē koh-iūⁿ ê pō͘-lo̍k kah chín-kiù tông-pau, hián-bêng hô thôan-iông Chú Iâ-so͘ ê miâ.\n\nHoa-liân-kōan: Hoa-liân Siù-lîm-hiong Hù-sè-chhoan ê Chhân-saⁿ-to cho̍k-tiúⁿ (In sī sio̍k-î Thài-ló͘-koh cho̍k), in-ūi hō-hōan giâm-tiōng ê hì-pēⁿ. I keng-le̍k kong-li̍p ê i-īⁿ tān-sī bô-hāu. Iû-lâi Hoa-liân kàu-hōe ê Ngô͘-chio̍h-liân hiaⁿ-tî-á kài-siāu sìn Iâ-so͘. I khì sé-lé jî-āu tāng-pēⁿ tit-tio̍h chhoan-jú. Chhin-chhek, chhoan-bîn, ba̍k-tó͘ si̍t-chêng, siòng-kè chiap-siū hok-im.\n\nCho͘-chit kah Kàu-bū ê Khài-hóng\n--------------------------------\n\n\"Sîn-chèng bîn-chú chè-tō͘\" chiū-sī in kàu-bū tī-lí ê chú-chí. Kin-kì Ko-lîm-to Chiân-su saⁿ-chiuⁿ jī-cha̍p-it kàu jī-cha̍p-saⁿ chat, hun-ûi Sîn ─ Ki-tok ─ Sìn-tô͘ ─ kang-lâng ê chhiòng-sòaⁿ koan-hē. Sîn kap Ki-tok sī chāi sìn-tô͘ chi chhiūⁿ, hián-sī-chhut Sîn-chèng chè-tō͘. Kang-lâng (tiúⁿ-ló, chip-sū, thôan-tō-chiá) tī sìn-tô͘ chi-hā, piáu-bêng bîn-chú chè-tō͘. Chin Iâ-so͘ Kàu-hōe ê sìn-tô͘ pí-chhú í hiaⁿ-tî chí-mōai-á chheng-ho͘ , tān-sī bô͘ chheng thôan-tō-chiá ûi bo̍k-su.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Jīn-sek pún-hōe\n* Tâi-ôan chóng-hōe (Tâi-tiong)","meta":{"title":"Chin Iâ-so͘ Kàu-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2950,6966,0.42348550100488086],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8169}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Chit-á |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Actinopterygii |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Cypriniformes |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Cyprinidae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Carassius* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***C. carassius*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Carassius carassius***(Linnaeus, 1758) |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Chit-á**/**chit-(á)-hî** (Hàn-jī: 鯽仔, ha̍k-miâ *Carassius carassius*) sī siⁿ tī ô͘, pī, chùn-kau lāi ê chi̍t-chióng hî-á, kap tāi-á kāng-khoán sio̍k tī tāi-hêng-ba̍k tāi-á-kho. Chit-chióng hî khòaⁿ--khí-lâi chhin-chhiūⁿ tāi-á, kha-chiah-phiaⁿ kēng-ku, thé-hêng bô kóng kài-tōa, hán-tit tōa kòe 1 kong-kin poàⁿ, thâu kap chhùi lóng sè-sè-ê-á, bô chhiu, it-poaⁿ lâi kóng pak-tó· khah tōa, sek-chúi sī pe̍h--ê, nā kha-chiah-phiaⁿ khah chē sī chheⁿ-chheⁿ tài ka-pi-sek. I ê kut khah chē, m̄-koh chin hó-chia̍h, sī sò·-siông ê si̍t-iōng-hî.\n\nChit-khóan hî kap tāi-á pí--khí-lâi khah m̄-kiaⁿ kôaⁿ. Seng-o̍ah tī chiáⁿ-chúi lāi-té. Keng-kòe tn̂g-kî ê jîn-kang phah-chéng kap chū-jiân hóan-chéng, ū put-chí-á chē khóan ê piàn-chéng, pí-lūn-kóng kim-hî tō sī chit-á iōng jîn-kang tn̂g-kî pôe-ióng kā kái--chhut-lâi ê 1 chióng chit-á ê piàn-chéng.\n\nChit-á tī Au-chiu kap A-chiu lóng ū, sī Tâi-ôan chin tiōng-iàu ê chiáⁿ-chúi keng-chè hî-lūi kap ióng-si̍t hî-lūi. Tiò-hî ê lâng hèng kā lia̍h. Mā ū lâng chhī tī hoe-hn̂g ê tî-á lāi chhī hó-khoàⁿ-·ê.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* Fishbase\n* fish.org.tw","meta":{"title":"Chit-á","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[206,1262,0.16323296354992076],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1679}} -{"text":"\n**Hoat-lân-se Tē-saⁿ Kiōng-hô-kok** (Hàn-jī: 法蘭西第三共和國; Hoat-gí: La Troisième République) sī Hoat-kok kòe-khì ê chi̍t ê ê chèng-khoân. 1870 nî, Hoat-lân-se Tē-jī Tè-kok tī Phó͘-Hoat Chiàn-cheng tiong óa-kái, Tē-saⁿ Kiōng-hô-kok sêng-li̍p, kàu 1940 nî, Hoat-kok tī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn tiong lûn-hām, Tē-saⁿ Kiōng-hô-kok bia̍t-bông.\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\n1870 nî 9-goe̍h chhe-1, Phó͘-Hoat Chiàn-cheng ê Sedan Chiàn-tò͘ tiong, Hoat-kok chiàn-pāi, hông-tè Napoléon 3-sè hō͘ Tek-kun hu-ló͘, Hoat-lân-se Tē-jī Tè-kok mā sûi hŏng thui-hoan. Kok-bîn Gī-hōe ê gī-goân Léon Gambetta léng-tō Paris tāi-piáu tī 9-goe̍h chhe-4 kiàn-li̍p lîm-sî chèng-hú, kiò-chò Kok-hông Chèng-hú. Hia-ê tāi-piáu thui-phài Louis-Jules Trochu chiong-kun chò chóng-thóng. Kok-hông Chèng-hú chiâⁿ-chò Kiōng-hô-kok ê tē it kài chèng-hú, i koh kè-sio̍k kah Tek-kun sio-chiàn, jî-chhiáⁿ tī sì kò goe̍h ê Paris Pau-ûi-chiàn kî-kan thóng-tī Hoat-kok. \n\n1871 nî 1-goe̍h 28, tī Tek-kok phàu-kek ê ui-hia̍p chi-hā, Hoat-kok Kok-hông Chèng-hú khai-sí beh kah tú sêng-li̍p ê Tek-ì-chì Tè-kok tâm-phòaⁿ, hia̍p-gī beh thêng-chiàn, Tek-kok siú-siòng Otto von Bismark hō͘ in ê tiâu-kiāⁿ sī kái-sàn bo̍k-chêng ê lîm-sî chèng-hú, kí-pān soán-kí, soán-chhut ū ha̍p-hoat-sèng ê chèng-hú, chiah-koh lâi tâm-phòaⁿ. 2-goe̍h 18 ê Kok-bîn Gī-hōe soán-kí tang-tiong, chú-tiuⁿ hô-pêng pó-siú-phài tit-tio̍h to-sò͘ se̍k-chhù. Kok-bîn Gī-hōe soán-chhut un-hô-phài ê kiōng-hô chú-gī-chiá Jules Grévy chò gī-tiúⁿ, koh soán-chhut Louis-Philippe 1-sè sî-tāi ê Lāi-chèng-pō͘ pō͘-tiúⁿ Adolphe Thiers chò \"Hoat-lân-se Kiōng-hô-kok hêng-chèng siú-tiúⁿ\" (Hoat-gí: *chef du pouvoir exécutif de la République française*). Hit-tong-sî, Paris chhī-bîn tī chiàn-cheng tang-tiong í-keng lī-keng chiàn-pāi ê thí-jio̍k kah ki-hân kau-pek ê kam-khó͘, só͘-tì in chhiong-móa kek-bēng kah chó-e̍k ê hun-ûi, iū-e̍k ê sin chèng-hú chŏaⁿ soán-te̍k Versailles-kiong chò-ûi chèng-hú chóng-pō͘. \n\n3-goe̍h 18, Paris chhī-bîn ê bú-chong pō͘-tūi Kok-bîn Kéng-ūi-tùi hoat-tōng khí-gī, thâi-sí nn̄g-ê chiong-kun, kā chèng-hú-kun kóaⁿ-chhut Paris, koh sêng-li̍p Paris Kong-siā, in tī sòa--lo̍h-lâi nn̄g kò-goe̍h ê sî-kan lóng leh tùi-khòng Thiers chèng-hú ê chèng-kui-kun. 5-goe̍h 21 kàu 28, chèng-hú-kun tōa-kui-bô͘ tìn-ap Kong-siā ê lâng, chhèng-sat beh 20000 lâng, hòng-tio̍k 7000-gōa lâng, sú-chheng Lâu-hoeh ê Lé-pài.\n\nKāng-sî, tī 5-goe̍h chhe-10, sin chèng-hú kah Tek-kok chhiam-tēng Frankfurt Tiâu-iok.\n\nGōa-kau\n-------\n\n19 sè-kí tiong-kî, Hoat-kok khai-sí ji̍p-chhim Chheng-kok ê sio̍k-kok Oa̍t-lâm. 1883 nî kàu 1885 nî, Hoat-kok kah Chheng-kok po̍k-hoat Chheng-hoat Chiàn-cheng, kiat-kó Chheng-kok Hok-kiàn Chúi-sai hŏng bia̍t-choa̍t; Chheng, Hoat tī Thian-chin chhiam-tēng Tiong-hoat Sin-iok, Chheng-kok sêng-jīn Oa̍t-lâm piàn-chò Hoat-kok ê pó-hō͘-kok.\n\nSiā-hōe\n-------\n\nComparison of Africa in the years 1880 and 1913\n\nTē-it-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn\n---------------------------\n\nBia̍t-bông\n----------\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Hoat-lân-se si̍t-bîn tè-kok\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ In Benedict Anderson (July–August 2004). \"In the World-Shadow of Bismarck and Nobel\". New Left Review. goân-loē-iông tī 2006-10-10 hőng khó͘-pih. 2007-10-05 khòaⁿ--ê. :\n> \"In March 1871 the Commune took power in the abandoned city and held it for two months. Then Versailles seized the moment to attack and, in one horrifying week, executed roughly 20,000 Communards or suspected sympathizers, a number higher than those killed in the recent war or during Robespierre’s‘Terror’of 1793–94. More than 7,500 were jailed or deported to places like New Caledonia. Thousands of others fled to Belgium, England, Italy, Spain and the United States. In 1872, stringent laws were passed that ruled out all possibilities of organizing on the left. Not till 1880 was there a general amnesty for exiled and imprisoned Communards. Meantime, the Third Republic found itself strong enough to renew and reinforce Louis Napoleon’s imperialist expansion—in Indochina, Africa, and Oceania. Many of France's leading intellectuals and artists had participated in the Commune（Courbet was its quasi-minister of culture, Rimbaud and Pissarro were active propagandists）or were sympathetic to it. The ferocious repression of 1871 and after was probably the key factor in alienating these milieux from the Third Republic and stirring their sympathy for its victims at home and abroad.\"","meta":{"title":"Hoat-lân-se Tē-saⁿ Kiōng-hô-kok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2278,5128,0.44422776911076445],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n
    Hoat-lân-se Kiōng-hô-kok
    République française
    \n1870 nî–1940 nî
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Hoat-lân-se
    \n
    kî-á
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Hoat-lân-se
    \n
    kok-hui
    \n
    \n
    \nChu-kù: \"Liberté, égalité, fraternité\" (Hoat-gí)
    \"Chū-iû, pêng-téng, phok-ài\"
    \nKok-koa: \"La Marseillaise\"
    \n\"1939
    1939 nî ê Hoat-lân-se Kiōng-hô-kok\n
    \n
    •   Hoat-kok
      • \n
    •   Hoat-kok si̍t-bîn-tē
    \n
    \n\"1939
    1939 nî bóe ê Hoat-lân-se Kiōng-hô-kok ê léng-thó͘
    \nkhóng-sek: Hoat-kok
    chúi-sek: Hoat-kok si̍t-bîn-tē
    Siú-to͘\nParis
    Thong-iōng gí-giân\nHoat-gí kap chi̍t-kóa kî-thaⁿ gí-giân
    Chèng-hú\nTan-it-chèGī-hōe Kiōng-hô-chè
    Hoat-kok chóng-thóng\n 
    • 1871–1873 (Thâu)
    		\nAdolphe Thiers
    • 1932–1940 (Bóe)
    		\nAlbert Lebrun
    Hoat-kok chóng-lí\n 
    • 1870–1871 (Thâu)
    		\nLouis Jules Trochu
    • 1940 (Bóe)
    		\nPhilippe Pétain
    Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘\nHoat-kok Gī-hōe
    • Siōng-īⁿ
    		\nChham-gī-īⁿ
    • Hā-īⁿ
    		\nChiòng-gī-īⁿ
    Le̍k-sú\n 
    • Léon Gambetta soan-pò͘ kiàn-kok
    		\n1870 nî 9 goe̍h chhe-4
    • Vichy Hoat-kok sêng-li̍p
    		\n1940 nî 7 goe̍h chhe-10
    Bīn-chek
    1938\n13,500,000 km2 (5,200,000 sq mi)
    Jîn-kháu
    • 1938
    		\n150,000,000
    Hoè-pè\nHoat-kok franc
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    í-chêng kok-ka    		í-āu kok-ka
    \n\n\n\n\n
    \"\"Hoat-lân-se Tē-jī Tè-kok
    		\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Vichy Hoat-kok\"\"
    Chū-iû Hoat-kok\"\"
    Tek-kok kun-sū chiàm-niá\"\"
    Ì-tāi-lī kun-sū chiàm-niá\"\"
    Taⁿ siok-tī\n\"\" Hoat-kok
    \"\" Algeria
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4760}} -{"text":" \nPak-kiann tn̂g-tshun lōo 6 hō īnn tsú-lâu siāng-sî kuà-iú Kok-ka hîng-tsìng ha̍k-īnn kì Tiong-kiōng tiong-iong tóng-hāu ê pâi-pián.\nTiong-kiōng tiong-iong tóng-hāu tāi-iú tsng tsú-lâu 2018 khai-sí ka-kuà kok-ka hîng-tsìng ha̍k-īnn ê pâi-pián\n**Tiong-kok kok-ka hîng-tsìng ha̍k-īnn** (hàn-gú: 國家行政學院; ing-gú: National Academy of Governance), 1994-nî sîng-li̍p. 2018-nî khai-sí kah Tiong-kiōng tiong-iong tóng-hāu tsit-e ki-kòo nn̄g-ê pâi-á, khiā tī Tiong-kok Pak-kiann tshī. Tiong-kok kok-ka hîng-tsìng ha̍k-īnn sī uī-tio̍h sik-ìng kái-kik khai-hòng hām siā-huē tsú-gī hiān-tāi-huà kiàn-siat sū-gia̍p ê su-iàu, tī 1988-nî khai-si tiû-kiàn, 1994-nî teh Pak-kiann sîng-li̍p; tong-sî uî tsiànn-pōo kip kok-bū-īnn ti̍t-sio̍k sū-gia̍p tan-uī, uá-iūnn Huat-kok kok-ka hîng-tsìng ha̍k-īnn kiàn-li̍p ê kong-bū-guân puê-hùn ki-kòo. Tiong-kok kok-ka hîng-tsìng ha̍k-īnn īnn-tiúnn sī iû kok-bū-īnn pì-su-tiúnn kiam-jīm, siú-jīm īnn-tiúnn sī Lí Kuì-sian (李貴鮮). Tiong-kok kok-ka hîng-tsìng ha̍k-īnn sī puê-hùn ko-kip hām tiong-kip kok-ka kong-bū-guân ê sin-hîng ha̍k-hú kah puê-ióng ko-tsân-tshù ê hîng-tsìng kuán-lí í-ki̍p tsìng-tshik gián-kiù jîn-tsâi ê tiōng-iàu ki-tē,. Tī 2018-nî thiat-siau tsîng sī khiā-tī Pak-kiann-tshī hái-tīng khu se-pak sam-khuân siōng Soo-tsiu kiô sai ê tn̂g-tshun kiô lōo 6-hō.\n\n2018-nî 3-gue̍h, teh tshim-huà tóng hām kok-ka ki-kòo ê kái-kik tiong, pìng-ji̍p Tiong-kiōng tiong-iong tóng-hāu. Kái-uî Tiong-kiōng tiong-iong tóng-hāu ka-kuà ê pâi-á. Tī 2019-nî, Tiong-kiōng tiong-iong tóng-hāu ha̍k-pò (tshòng-khan tī 1997-nî) kap Kok-ka hîng-tsìng ha̍k-īnn ha̍k-pò（tshòng-khan tī 2000-nî) ha̍p-pìng tsò Tiong-kiōng tiong-iong tóng-hāu (Kok-ka hîng-tsìng) ha̍k-pò.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"党政干部院校主办学报/综合性期刊排名\" (PDF). 重庆社会主义学院. 2019年3月28日. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn (PDF) tī 2020年6月6日. 2020年6月6日 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"中共中央党校学报 2018年 第6期\". Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2019-06-12. 2020-06-06 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"中共中央党校(国家行政学院)学报 2019年 第1期\". goân-loē-iông tī 2020-06-06 hőng khó͘-pih. 2020-06-06 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Tiong-kok kok-ka hîng-tsìng ha̍k-īnn tshut-pán siā (国家行政学院出版社)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Tiong-kiōng tiong-iong tóng-hāu (Kok-ka hîng-tsìng ha̍k-īnn) Archived 2022-10-23 at the Wayback Machine. (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Tiong-kok kok-ka hêng-chèng ha̍k-īⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[780,2484,0.3140096618357488],"infobox":["
    Tiong-kok kok-ka hîng-tsìng ha̍k-īnn
    \n
    (国家行政学院)
    \n
    Lūi-pia̍t\nKong-li̍p
    Active\n1994–2018
    Só͘-chāi\n
    Tiong-kok Pak-kiann

    39°57′33.67″N 116°18′6.35″E / 39.9593528°N 116.3017639°E / 39.9593528; 116.3017639
    Campus\nTshī-khu
    Bāng-chām\nwww.ccps.gov.cn \"Edit
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2574}} -{"text":"\n**Alabama** (\"Óa-im: \"*a-lá-bá-mah*\"\") sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. I ê siú-hú sī Montgomery, put-jî-kò siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Birmingham.\n\nAlabama tī 1819 nî ka-ji̍p Bí-kok Liân-pang, chiâⁿ-chò Bí-kok tē 22-ê chiu.\n\nTē-hō-miâ\n---------\n\n*Alabama* chit-ê miâ tāi-seng sī hō tī Alabama lâng, chi̍t kûn kóng Muskogee gí-giân ê pō͘-cho̍k. Tī Alabama-gí, in pún-cho̍k ê lâng tio̍h hō chò sī *Albaamo* (chiàu tē-hng ū chē khoán piàn-hòa). Hernando de Soto ê kì-lio̍k lāi-bīn í-keng ū *Alibamo*; lēng-gōa ia̍h ū lâng kì *Alibamu* he̍k-chiá *Limamu*; Siōng chá tī 1702 nî, Hoat-kok lâng mā chheng chia-ê lâng sī *Alibamon*.\n\nPún jī ê ì-gī bô khak-tēng ê kóng-hoat, ū-ê ha̍k-chiá jīn-ûi sī tùi Choctaw-gí ê *alba* lâi--ê (chí \"si̍t-bu̍t\" ia̍h \"chéng-chí\") kap *amo* (chí \"chhiat\", \"siu-chi̍p\") ū ê, goân-chéng ê ì-sù ū khó-lêng sī \"chhái chháu-io̍h ê lâng\".\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nAlabama chóng bīn-chek 135,760 pêng-hong kong-lí, sī Bí-kok tē 13 tōa ê chiū hūn. Tī Alabama pak-pêng sī Tennessee, tang-pêng sī Georgia, lâm-pêng ū Florida kiam óa Mexico Oan, sai-pêng koh ū Mississippi.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSiōng-bô 12,000 tang chêng, goân-chū-bîn chiō chûn-chāi tī kin-á-ji̍t Bí-kok ê lâm-hong. Chêng 1000 nî kàu Āu 1000 nî sī khó-kó͘-ha̍k só͘ kóng ê Woodland sî-kî, tong-sî lâng tī chia hū-kīn hoat-tián chhut chi̍t khoán chè-chōe hûi-khì kiam sió kui-bô͘ lông-gia̍p ê bûn-hòa.\n\nTong Au-chiu-lâng lâu kàu ê sî, Alabama Chāi-tē ê pō͘-cho̍k ū Cherokee, Alabama, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, kap Koasati. Se-pan-gâ lâng tāi-seng tī 16 sè-kí khai-sí chiap-chhio̍k Alabama tē-hng, Hernando de Soto ê thàm-hiám tī 1540 nî keng-kòe liáu Mabila kap kî-tha ê só͘-chāi. Kàu 1702 nî ê sî, Hoat-kok lâng ùi Kū Mobile kiàn-li̍p khí siāng chá ê Au-chiu-lâng chng-siā; in koh tī 1711 nî kā siâⁿ sóa kòe kin-á-ji̍t Mobile ê tē-tiám. It-ti̍t kàu 1763 nî í-chêng, hia sī Hoat-kok niá-tē La Louisiane ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn.\n\nKeng-kòe Chhit-nî Chiàn-cheng, Hoat-kok niū chhut hâm Alabama chāi-lāi ê thó͘-tē hō͘ Eng-kok, in chiong Alabama ōe ji̍p Eng-kok Sai Florida, tùi 1763 nî koán kàu 1783 nî. Té-bé tī Bí-kok Kek-bēng kòe-āu, pún tē-khu hō͘ Bí-kok kap Se-pan-gâ pun--khì. 1813 nî ê sî, goân-choân hō͘ Bí-kok chiàm-niá.\n\nMississippi kap Alabama ê kiàn-li̍p hoān-ûi ké-soeh-tô͘.\nTī Mississippi ùi 1817 nî 12 goe̍h 10 ji̍t kiàn-li̍p chò sin chiu chìn-chêng, goân Mississippi Léng-thó͘ ê tâng-pòaⁿ-pêng hông pun chi̍t hūn chhut--lâi, tī 3 goe̍h 3 ji̍t kái chò Alabama Léng-thó͘, kàu 1819 nî í-chêng, in siat siú-hú tī St. Stephens. 1819 nî 12 goe̍h 14, Alabama sin siat chò Bí-kok tē-22 chiu, tong-sî chí-tēng siú-hú tī Huntsville, kàu 1820 nî ê sî koh sóa kòe Cahaba.\n\nChi̍t kóa gia̍p-chú chhōa in ê lô͘-lē tùi Téng Lâm-hng (*Upper South*) hiòng Alabama hoat-tián. Alabama tī 1810 nî àn ko͘-sǹg ū 10,000 jîn-kháu, kàu 1830 nî ê sî-chūn, í-keng chin-ka kàu 300,000. Chit-ê sî-kî, chiu lāi tōa-pō͘-hūn ê goân-chū-bîn ia̍h siū 1830 nî kok-hōe Indian Poaⁿ-sóa Hoat-àn (*Indian Removal Act*) ê éng-hióng, hông chhian khì pa̍t ūi.\n\n1861 nî 1 goe̍h 11, Alabama soan-pò͘ thoat-lî liân-pang, keng-kòe kúi ji̍t to̍k-li̍p kiōng-hô ê tē-ūi, tè-bé ka-ji̍p America Pang-liân-kok. Tong-sî Pang-liân siat siú-hú tī Montgomery. Alabama ū 12 bān ê peng-á chham-ka liáu Bí-kok Lōe-chiàn.\n\nChiàn-sū kòe-āu sī Bí-kok ê Tiông-kiàn sî-kî, Alabama ê lô͘-lē tī 1865 nî hông kái-hòng. Alabama siū chi̍t tōaⁿ sî-kî ê kun-sū thóng-tī, kàu 1868 nî ê sî têng-sin ka-ji̍p Bí-kok. In mā tī 1868 nî kiàn-li̍p sin-ê hiàn-hoat, siat-li̍p kong ha̍k-hāu hē-thóng jî-chhiá ka-kiông cha-bó͘-lâng ê koân-lī.\n\nLōe-chiàn liáu-āu, mā koh hoat-seng chiam-tùi chù-iû-lâng (chū-iû ê chêng lô͘-lē) kap Kiōng-hô-tóng phài ê hoán-loān, chiō sī goân-chho͘ ê Ku Klux Klan ūn-tōng. Kàu 1874 nî, Bîn-chú-tóng têng-sin khòng-chè liáu Alabama ê li̍p-hoat-koân kiam chiu-tiúⁿ ê ūi, koh ùi 1875 nî chè-tēng lēng-gōa ê hiàn-hoat, khai-sí si̍t-hêng chi̍t kóa chéng-cho̍k pun-lī ê chèng-chhek. 1901 nî ê Alabama Hiàn-hoat chiō pau-koat liáu kiám-khoân (*disenfranchisement*) kap hun-lî ê kui-tēng, chi̍t hong-bīn keng-kòe sòe-kim kap bat-jī chhì-giām, kàng-kē O͘-lâng kap goân-chū-bîn ê tâu-phiò-koân. chi̍t hong-bīn ia̍h iau-kiû kong-li̍p ha̍k-hāu hun-lî chéng-cho̍k.\n\nKoan-hē Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn ê su-kiû, ín-khí chi̍t kái keng-chè ê hoat-ián. Tùi 1940 nî kàu 1943 nî, chhiau-kòe 8.9 bān lâng sóa ji̍p siâⁿ-chhī chò chiàn-cheng siong-koan ê khang-khòe.\n\n1950, 60 nî-tāi, sī O͘-lâng Kong-bîn-khoân Ūn-tōng oa̍h-hiáⁿ ê sî-chūn, in iau-kiû kiat-sok chá-chêng kiàn-li̍p ê kiám-khoân kap hun-lî chèng-chhek. 1954 nî, Bí-kok Chòe-ko Hoat-īⁿ keng-kòe *Brown tùi Kàu-io̍k-hōe* kong-àn, chhâi-phòaⁿ kong-li̍p ha̍k-hāu tio̍h ài chhú-siau hun-lî chè-tō͘, chóng-sī Alabama sī thoa-soa--á phòe-ha̍p, jî-chhiá ia̍h hoán-khòng liân-pang ê an-pâi. Té-bé hoat-seng chē pái ê Kong-bîn Khoân-lī Ūn-tōng sū-kiāⁿ, pí-lūn Montgomery Bus Boycott, Freedom Rides, Selma to Montgomery iû-hêng téng oa̍h-tāng.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nAlabama tī 2015 nî ê GDP sī 199,656 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sī chè-chō-gia̍p.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Stephens, Challen (19 October 2015). \"A look at the languages spoken in Alabama and the drop in the Spanish speaking population\". *AL.com*. 21 September 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"State of Alabama\". *The Battle of Gettysburg*. July 21, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015\" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 26, 2015. December 26, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"Median Annual Household Income\". *The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation*. December 9, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"Cheehahaw\". *NGS data sheet*. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. October 20, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī October 15, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. October 21, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n7. ↑ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n8. ↑ Sylestine, Cora; Hardy; Heather; and Montler, Timothy (1993). *Dictionary of the Alabama Language*. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-73077-2. OCLC 26590560. CS1 pó-ióng: Ēng authors chham-sò͘ (link)\n9. ↑ \"Alabama: The State Name\". *All About Alabama*. Alabama Department of Archives and History. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī June 28, 2007. August 2, 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.\n10. ↑ Read, William A. (1984). *Indian Place Names in Alabama*. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 0-8173-0231-X. OCLC 10724679.\n11. ↑ Thomason, Michael (2001). *Mobile : The New History of Alabama's First City*. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. pp. 213–217. ISBN 0-8173-1065-7.\n12. ↑ \"Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Alabama\". *Economic Research at the St. Louis Fed (FRED)*. 2016-12-07. 2017-01-10 khòaⁿ--ê.\n13. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nBí-kok ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chiu | Alabama  · Alaska  · Arizona  · Arkansas  · California  · Colorado  · Connecticut  · Delaware  · Florida  · Georgia  · Hawaiʻi  · Idaho  · Illinois  · Indiana  · Iowa  · Kansas  · Kentucky  · Louisiana  · Maine  · Maryland  · Massachusetts  · Michigan  · Minnesota  · Mississippi  · Missouri  · Montana  · Nebraska  · Nevada  · New Hampshire  · New Jersey  · New Mexico  · New York  · North Carolina  · North Dakota  · Ohio  · Oklahoma  · Oregon  · Pennsylvania  · Rhode Island  · South Carolina  · South Dakota  · Tennessee  · Texas  · Utah  · Vermont  · Virginia  · Washington  · West Virginia  · Wisconsin  · Wyoming | Flag of the United States |\n| |\n| Tia̍t-pia̍t-khu: | Washington, D.C. |\n| |\n| Léng-thó͘ | Baker-tó  · Bí-kok léng Samoa  · Guam  · Howland-tó  · Jarvis-tó  · Johnston Khoân-chiau  · Kingman-chiau  · Midway Khoân-chiau  · Navassa-tó  · Pak Mariana Kûn-tó  · Palmyra Khoân-chiau  · Puerto Rico  · Bí-kok léng Virgin Kûn-tó  · Wake-tó |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Alabama","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3884,8705,0.44618035611717405],"infobox":["\n
    Alabama Chiu
    State of Alabama
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: The Yellowhammer State, Heart of Dixie, The Cotton State
    \nPiau-gí: Latin-gí: Audemus iura nostra defendere Goán káⁿ hông-siú goán-ê khoân-lī
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Alabama highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nEnglish
    Liû-thong gí-giân\n

    As of 2010

    \n
    • Eng-gí 95.1%
      • \n
    • Se-pan-gâ-gí 3.1%
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nAlabamian
    Siú-hú\nMontgomery
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nBirmingham
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nBirmingham to͘-hōe-khu
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-30
     • Ha̍p-kè\n52,419 sq mi
    (135,765 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n190 lí (305 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n330 lí (531 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n3.20
     • Hūi-tō͘\n30° 11′ N to 35° N
     • Keng-tō͘\n84° 53′ W to 88° 28′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-24
     • Ha̍p-kè\n4,863,300 (2016 ko͘.)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n94.7 (2011 ko͘.)/sq mi  (36.5 (2011 ko͘.)/km2)
    Pâi-miâ 27th
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$44,509 (tē-47)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nMount Cheaha
    2,413 ft (735.5 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n500 ft  (150 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nMexico Oan
    sea level
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nAlabama Territory
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\n1819 nî 12 goe̍h 14 ji̍t (tē-22)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nKay Ivey (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nAlabama Li̍p-hoat-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-īⁿ R-25, D-8
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-īⁿ R-72, D-33
    Chham-gī-goân\nRichard Shelby (R)
    Luther Strange (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n6-ê Kiōng-hô-tóng, 1-ê Bîn-chú-tóng (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \n 
     • most of state\nTiong-iong: UTC −6/−5
     • Phenix City, Alabama area\nTang-pō͘: UTC −5/−4
    ISO 3166\nUS-AL
    Kán-siá\nAL, Ala.
    Bāng-chām\nalabama.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8880}} -{"text":" \n**Ông Hiong-siân**(王香禪; 1886-?) pún-miâ **Bóng-tshī**(罔市), iū miâ **Liû-sian**(留仙), **Hiong-siân**(香嬋), piáu-jī **Tāi-khing**(黛卿), gē-miâ **Bóng-tshi**(夢癡). Ông Hiong-siân tī Tâi-pak Báng-kah tshut-sì, sī Tshing-tiâu kah Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi tshut-miâ ê gē-tuànn tsham tsa-bóo si-jîn. I sī Liân Hîng ê tē-tsú, Siā Kài-tsio̍h ê bóo.\n\nÔng Hiong-siân tshut-sin sàn-tshiah, tshù-lāi ê king-tsè lóng khò in a-hiann Ông Á-thôo(王仔塗) sîng-tam. Tsū sè-hàn, i tō khì hōo Táng Á-tī(董仔治) siu tsò khè-kiánn. Hiong-siân khai-sí tī Pîng-lo̍k-iû(平樂遊) tsiú-lâu kah Hok-tsiu-á sai-hū o̍h Pah-khik.Tsa̍p-it huè ê sî-tsūn, Hiong-siân thàu-kuè si-jîn Ông Tsú-ho̍k(王子鶴) ê kài-siāu, khì kàu Tuā-tiū-tiânn ê Kiàm-lâu su-sio̍k(劍樓書塾) hiòng Tiō It-san o̍h siá hiong-liâm-si(香奩詩), kàu-ha̍k N̂g Jīm ê *Hiong-tsháu tsian-ngóo tsù*(香草箋偶註). Hiong-siân in-uī kah-ì tha̍k *Hông-lâu bóng*, him-siān tsú-kak Lîm Tāi-gio̍k, sóo-í kā piáu-jī hō-tsò **Tāi-khing**.\n\nHit tang-tsūn, Hiong-siân hōo lâng hō-tsò **Tâi-uân sam-tāi bí-jîn**, tàm Tuā-tiū-tiânn Íng-lo̍k-tsō tshiùnn King-hì, Liân Hîng ta̍k kang lóng tsáu khì hia kā phâng-tiûnn. Hiong-siân mā bat kàu Tâi-lâm Pó-bí-lâu(寶美樓) piáu-ián *Jī tsìn-kiong*(二進宮), *Sam-liông kàu tsú*(三娘教子), kah *Tsè kang*(祭江), tsin tsē sū-sin lóng uī i tshi-bê. Hiong-siân tuà tī Tâi-lâm ê sî-tsūn, Liân Hîng tsìng-sik siu i tsò tē-tsú, kà i *Si-king*, *Tshóo-sû*, kah Lí Siong-ún ê si-tsi̍p, Liân Hîng koh o-ló i kóng *Kim tsik huí-jiân sîng-tsiong, put kiám Siā-tîng ēng sù.*(今則斐然成章，不減謝庭詠絮。). Iáu-m̄-koh, nn̄g lâng pīng bô kiat-hun, Hiong-siân āu-lâi kè hōo Lô Siù-huī, siá si *Būn hue*(問花). Tān-sī, Lô Siù-huī suah pàng-sak i, tsáu khì kah Tshuà Phik-gîm tàu-tīn, nn̄g lâng tsiông-tshú lī-iân.\n\nHiong-siân tsin tsheh-sim, khai-sí tāi-liōng siá si, iōng **Tāi-khing** tsò pit-miâ, tâu-kó Tâi-uân ji̍t-ji̍t sin-pò, tshin-tshiūnn *Tshiu-kám*(秋感), *Su-huâi*(書懷), *Mûi-hui*(梅妃), kah *Hô mûi-hui ūn*(和梅妃韻) tō sī hit tang-sî ê tsok-phín.","meta":{"title":"Ông Hiong-siân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[350,2218,0.15779981965734896],"infobox":["
    Ông Hiong-siân
    Ông Hiong-siân
    \n
    Ông Hiong-siân
    Chhut-sì\n1886年 (Tshing Kong-sú 11-nî)
    Pang-bô͘:QING福建省臺灣道臺北府淡水縣大加蚋堡艋舺
    Koè-sin\nTsut-liân put-siông
    Kok-che̍k\nPang-bô͘:QING（1886年－1895年）
    \"\" Empire of Japan（1895年－？）
    Pang-bô͘:MCK（？－1945年）
    Pang-bô͘:ROC-1928（1945年－1949年）
    \"\" People's Republic of China（1949年－？）
    Chit-gia̍p\nGē-tuànn, si-jîn
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2197}} -{"text":" \n**Ông Hiong-siân**(王香禪; 1886-?) pún-miâ **Bóng-tshī**(罔市), iū miâ **Liû-sian**(留仙), **Hiong-siân**(香嬋), piáu-jī **Tāi-khing**(黛卿), gē-miâ **Bóng-tshi**(夢癡). Ông Hiong-siân tī Tâi-pak Báng-kah tshut-sì, sī Tshing-tiâu kah Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi tshut-miâ ê gē-tuànn tsham tsa-bóo si-jîn. I sī Liân Hîng ê tē-tsú, Siā Kài-tsio̍h ê bóo.\n\nÔng Hiong-siân tshut-sin sàn-tshiah, tshù-lāi ê king-tsè lóng khò in a-hiann Ông Á-thôo(王仔塗) sîng-tam. Tsū sè-hàn, i tō khì hōo Táng Á-tī(董仔治) siu tsò khè-kiánn. Hiong-siân khai-sí tī Pîng-lo̍k-iû(平樂遊) tsiú-lâu kah Hok-tsiu-á sai-hū o̍h Pah-khik.Tsa̍p-it huè ê sî-tsūn, Hiong-siân thàu-kuè si-jîn Ông Tsú-ho̍k(王子鶴) ê kài-siāu, khì kàu Tuā-tiū-tiânn ê Kiàm-lâu su-sio̍k(劍樓書塾) hiòng Tiō It-san o̍h siá hiong-liâm-si(香奩詩), kàu-ha̍k N̂g Jīm ê *Hiong-tsháu tsian-ngóo tsù*(香草箋偶註). Hiong-siân in-uī kah-ì tha̍k *Hông-lâu bóng*, him-siān tsú-kak Lîm Tāi-gio̍k, sóo-í kā piáu-jī hō-tsò **Tāi-khing**.\n\nHit tang-tsūn, Hiong-siân hōo lâng hō-tsò **Tâi-uân sam-tāi bí-jîn**, tàm Tuā-tiū-tiânn Íng-lo̍k-tsō tshiùnn King-hì, Liân Hîng ta̍k kang lóng tsáu khì hia kā phâng-tiûnn. Hiong-siân mā bat kàu Tâi-lâm Pó-bí-lâu(寶美樓) piáu-ián *Jī tsìn-kiong*(二進宮), *Sam-liông kàu tsú*(三娘教子), kah *Tsè kang*(祭江), tsin tsē sū-sin lóng uī i tshi-bê. Hiong-siân tuà tī Tâi-lâm ê sî-tsūn, Liân Hîng tsìng-sik siu i tsò tē-tsú, kà i *Si-king*, *Tshóo-sû*, kah Lí Siong-ún ê si-tsi̍p, Liân Hîng koh o-ló i kóng *Kim tsik huí-jiân sîng-tsiong, put kiám Siā-tîng ēng sù.*(今則斐然成章，不減謝庭詠絮。). Iáu-m̄-koh, nn̄g lâng pīng bô kiat-hun, Hiong-siân āu-lâi kè hōo Lô Siù-huī, siá si *Būn hue*(問花). Tān-sī, Lô Siù-huī suah pàng-sak i, tsáu khì kah Tshuà Phik-gîm tàu-tīn, nn̄g lâng tsiông-tshú lī-iân.\n\nHiong-siân tsin tsheh-sim, khai-sí tāi-liōng siá si, iōng **Tāi-khing** tsò pit-miâ, tâu-kó Tâi-uân ji̍t-ji̍t sin-pò, tshin-tshiūnn *Tshiu-kám*(秋感), *Su-huâi*(書懷), *Mûi-hui*(梅妃), kah *Hô mûi-hui ūn*(和梅妃韻) tō sī hit tang-sî ê tsok-phín.","meta":{"title":"Ông Hiong-siân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[350,2218,0.15779981965734896],"infobox":["
    Ông Hiong-siân
    Ông Hiong-siân
    \n
    Ông Hiong-siân
    Chhut-sì\n1886年 (Tshing Kong-sú 11-nî)
    Pang-bô͘:QING福建省臺灣道臺北府淡水縣大加蚋堡艋舺
    Koè-sin\nTsut-liân put-siông
    Kok-che̍k\nPang-bô͘:QING（1886年－1895年）
    \"\" Empire of Japan（1895年－？）
    Pang-bô͘:MCK（？－1945年）
    Pang-bô͘:ROC-1928（1945年－1949年）
    \"\" People's Republic of China（1949年－？）
    Chit-gia̍p\nGē-tuànn, si-jîn
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2197}} -{"text":"\n**Hawaiʻi** (Tâi-gú: **Ha-oa-ih**, **Hā-ui-î** [夏威夷], **Tâⁿ-tó** [檀島]; Eng-gí: *Hawaii*) sī Bí-kok î-it tiàm-tī Thài-pêng-iûⁿ ê chiu. Hawaiʻi sī 1 cho͘ hō-chò Hawaiʻi Kûn-tó ê kûn-tó.\n\nKi-pún chu-liāu\n---------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân: Eng-gí, Hawaiʻi-gí\n* Siú-hú: Honolulu\n* Chiu-tiúⁿ (*governor*): Linda Lingle\n* Bīn-chek: 28,337 km² (kok-lāi tē-43-ūi)\n* Jîn-kháu:\n\t+ 1,211,537 (2004 nî)\n\t+ Bi̍t-tō͘: 42.75/km²\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nChiàu khó-kó͘ chèng-kù, tāi-iok kong-goân 300 nî ê sî-chūn, Hawaiʻi kûn-tó khai-sí ū lâng khiā-khí, in khó-lêng sī tùi Marquesas Kûn-tó chiân-óng ê Polynesia-lâng. Āu-lâi koh ū î-bîn tī 11 sè-kí tùi Raiatea kap Bora Bora kòe--khì.\n\nSe-pan-gâ ê thàm-hiám-ka tāi-iok tī 16 sè-kí lâi kàu Hawaiʻi. 1778 nî Eng-kok ê James Cook sī siāng chá ū bûn-su kì-lio̍k kap Hawaiʻi chiap-chhio̍k ê Se-iuⁿ-lâng. \n\nHawaiʻi sī Bí-kok ê chiu lāi-té, tû-liáu kiàn-kok 13 chiu í-gōa, 4-ê pat sī to̍k-li̍p kok-ka ê chiu chi it (lēng-gōa saⁿ ê sī Vermont, Texas, kap California), kî-tiong ka-ta Hawaiʻi kap Texas hit-chūn ū siū kok-chè gōa-kau siōng ê sêng-jīm. \n\nHawaiʻi Ông-kok tī 1810 nî kàu 1893 nî kî-kan chūn-chāi, āu-bóe hō͘ Bí-kok kap Au-chiu ê lâng ián-tó, 1894 nî kàu 1898 nî kî-kan pat ū kiōng-hô-kok sêng-li̍p, koh tī 1898 nî 12 goe̍h 8 ji̍t piàn chò Bí-kok léng-thó͘.\n\nHawaiʻi tī 1959 nî 8 goe̍h 21 siat chò Bí-kok ê chi̍t chiu.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nHawaiʻi Kûn-tó sī 1-cho͘ tùi sai-pak khan kàu tang-lâm ê hóe-soaⁿ lia̍t-tó, thâu-bóe 2400 km tn̂g.\nHawaiʻi lia̍t-tó lóng-chóng pau-koah 19 ê tó kap khoân-chiau, thâu-bóe 2,400 km khoah.\n\nTang-lâm-pêng ê 8-ê tó sī tōa tó, tùi sai-pak kàu tang-lâm ê sūn-sī sī: Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, kap Hawaiʻi-tó. Kî-tiong kan-taⁿ Kahoʻolawe bô tòa lâng.\n\nSai-pak Hawaiʻi Kûn-tó pau-koah 11-ê sió tó kap khoân-chiau: Kaʻula, Nihoa, Necker (Mokumanamana), Hoat-kok Frigate Shoals (Mokupāpapa), Gardner Pinnacles (Pūhāhonu), Maro Khoân-chiau (Nalukakala), Laysan (Kauō), Lisianski (Papaʻāpoho), Pearl kap Hermes Khoân-chiau (Holoikauaua), Midway (Pihemanu), Kure (Kānemilohaʻi). Kî-tiong Midway Khoân-chiau bô sio̍k-î Hawaiʻi-chiu koán-hat, iáu-sǹg-sī bô-pian-ji̍p léng-thó͘.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Maryknoll Taiwanese Dictionary: H (Eng-gí)\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:Hawaii*** |\n\n* Sai-pak Hawaiʻi Kûn-tó San-ô·-chiau Seng-thài Pó-liû-khu Archived 2013-10-11 at the Wayback Machine. (Eng-bûn)\n\n United States\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTāi-iûⁿ-chiu ê kok-ka kap i-lāi-tē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chú-khoân kok-ka | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Si̍t-thé | Ò-chiu · Micronesia Liân-pang · Fiji · Kiribati · Marshall Kûn-tó · Nauru · New Zealand · Palau · Papua New Guinea · Samoa · Só͘-lô-bûn Kûn-tó · Tonga · Tuvalu · Vanuatu |\n| |\n| Pō͘-hūn | Koh-oa̍h-cheh-tó / Juan Fernández Kûn-tó (Chile) · Sai Papua / Papua (Ìn-nî) · Ogasawara (Ji̍t-pún) · Hawaii / Palmyra Khoân-chiau (Bí-kok) |\n\n | |\n| |\n| New Zealand ê liân-hē-pang | Niue · Cook Kûn-tó |\n| |\n| I-lāi-tē | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Ò-chiu | Ashmore kap Cartier Kûn-tó · Cocos (Keeling) Kûn-tó · Norfolk-tó · San-ô͘-hái-tó · Sèng-tàn-tó |\n| |\n| Bí-kok | Bí-kok léng Samoa · Baker-tó · Guam · Howland-tó · Jarvis-tó · Johnston Khoân-chiau · Kingman-chiau · Midway Khoân-chiau · Pak Mariana Kûn-tó · Wake-tó |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | Hoat-kok léng Polynesia / New Caledonia / Wallis kap Futuna (Hoat-kok) · Tokelau (New Zealand) · Pitcairn Kûn-tó (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok) |\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 143064067\n* LCCN: n80061028\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 1098 3520\n* GND: 4023877-5\n* SELIBR: 147701\n* SUDOC: 176330623\n* BNF: cb11664271m (data)\n* NDL: 00628968\n* NKC: ge826428\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Hawaiʻi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1573,3416,0.46048009367681497],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Hawaiʻi
    —  Chiu  —
    State of Hawaii
    \n\n\n\n
    \"Hawaiʻi
    Kî-á    		 \"Hawaiʻi
    Ìn-á
    \n
    \"Hawaiʻi
    Hawaiʻi ê uī-tì
    \n
    Kok-ka\n \"\" Bí-kok\n
    siú-húHonolulu
    Bīn-chek
     - Lóng-chóng\n\t\t10,931 km2
    Jîn-kháu (2018)
     - Lóng-chóng1,420,491 lâng
     - Bi̍t-tō͘\n130/km2
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4333}} -{"text":" \n**Ông Hiong-siân**(王香禪; 1886-?) pún-miâ **Bóng-tshī**(罔市), iū miâ **Liû-sian**(留仙), **Hiong-siân**(香嬋), piáu-jī **Tāi-khing**(黛卿), gē-miâ **Bóng-tshi**(夢癡). Ông Hiong-siân tī Tâi-pak Báng-kah tshut-sì, sī Tshing-tiâu kah Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi tshut-miâ ê gē-tuànn tsham tsa-bóo si-jîn. I sī Liân Hîng ê tē-tsú, Siā Kài-tsio̍h ê bóo.\n\nÔng Hiong-siân tshut-sin sàn-tshiah, tshù-lāi ê king-tsè lóng khò in a-hiann Ông Á-thôo(王仔塗) sîng-tam. Tsū sè-hàn, i tō khì hōo Táng Á-tī(董仔治) siu tsò khè-kiánn. Hiong-siân khai-sí tī Pîng-lo̍k-iû(平樂遊) tsiú-lâu kah Hok-tsiu-á sai-hū o̍h Pah-khik.Tsa̍p-it huè ê sî-tsūn, Hiong-siân thàu-kuè si-jîn Ông Tsú-ho̍k(王子鶴) ê kài-siāu, khì kàu Tuā-tiū-tiânn ê Kiàm-lâu su-sio̍k(劍樓書塾) hiòng Tiō It-san o̍h siá hiong-liâm-si(香奩詩), kàu-ha̍k N̂g Jīm ê *Hiong-tsháu tsian-ngóo tsù*(香草箋偶註). Hiong-siân in-uī kah-ì tha̍k *Hông-lâu bóng*, him-siān tsú-kak Lîm Tāi-gio̍k, sóo-í kā piáu-jī hō-tsò **Tāi-khing**.\n\nHit tang-tsūn, Hiong-siân hōo lâng hō-tsò **Tâi-uân sam-tāi bí-jîn**, tàm Tuā-tiū-tiânn Íng-lo̍k-tsō tshiùnn King-hì, Liân Hîng ta̍k kang lóng tsáu khì hia kā phâng-tiûnn. Hiong-siân mā bat kàu Tâi-lâm Pó-bí-lâu(寶美樓) piáu-ián *Jī tsìn-kiong*(二進宮), *Sam-liông kàu tsú*(三娘教子), kah *Tsè kang*(祭江), tsin tsē sū-sin lóng uī i tshi-bê. Hiong-siân tuà tī Tâi-lâm ê sî-tsūn, Liân Hîng tsìng-sik siu i tsò tē-tsú, kà i *Si-king*, *Tshóo-sû*, kah Lí Siong-ún ê si-tsi̍p, Liân Hîng koh o-ló i kóng *Kim tsik huí-jiân sîng-tsiong, put kiám Siā-tîng ēng sù.*(今則斐然成章，不減謝庭詠絮。). Iáu-m̄-koh, nn̄g lâng pīng bô kiat-hun, Hiong-siân āu-lâi kè hōo Lô Siù-huī, siá si *Būn hue*(問花). Tān-sī, Lô Siù-huī suah pàng-sak i, tsáu khì kah Tshuà Phik-gîm tàu-tīn, nn̄g lâng tsiông-tshú lī-iân.\n\nHiong-siân tsin tsheh-sim, khai-sí tāi-liōng siá si, iōng **Tāi-khing** tsò pit-miâ, tâu-kó Tâi-uân ji̍t-ji̍t sin-pò, tshin-tshiūnn *Tshiu-kám*(秋感), *Su-huâi*(書懷), *Mûi-hui*(梅妃), kah *Hô mûi-hui ūn*(和梅妃韻) tō sī hit tang-sî ê tsok-phín.","meta":{"title":"Ông Hiong-siân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[350,2218,0.15779981965734896],"infobox":["
    Ông Hiong-siân
    Ông Hiong-siân
    \n
    Ông Hiong-siân
    Chhut-sì\n1886年 (Tshing Kong-sú 11-nî)
    Pang-bô͘:QING福建省臺灣道臺北府淡水縣大加蚋堡艋舺
    Koè-sin\nTsut-liân put-siông
    Kok-che̍k\nPang-bô͘:QING（1886年－1895年）
    \"\" Empire of Japan（1895年－？）
    Pang-bô͘:MCK（？－1945年）
    Pang-bô͘:ROC-1928（1945年－1949年）
    \"\" People's Republic of China（1949年－？）
    Chit-gia̍p\nGē-tuànn, si-jîn
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2197}} -{"text":"\n**Illinois** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú tī Springfield. Siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Chicago.\n\nTē-hō-miâ\n---------\n\n\"Illinois\" ê í-goân sī Hoat-kok soan-kàu-sū kap thàm-hiám-ka tùi chāi-tē goân-chū-bîn ê kiò-hoat, chái-kî ū chē khoán siá-hoat. Chìn chi̍t pō͘ ê goân-thâu mā ū chē khoán lí-lūn, kî-tiong khah ha̍p-lí ê sī kóng \"Illinois\" sī Miami-Illinois gí-giân ê *irenwe·wa*, ì-sū sī \"i phó͘-thong hong-sek kóng-ōe.\" Āu-lâi koh hō͘ Ojibwe gí-gân theh lâi ēng, piàn *ilinwe·*, Hoat-kok-ōe chioh ēng liáu āu, Hoat-gí-hòa ka chiūⁿ *-ois*.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nIllinois sǹg sī tī Bí-kok ê tiong-se-pō͘. Tang-pêng sī Indiana, lâm-pêng kap Kentucky sio keh Ohio Hô, sai-pêng sī kap Missouri chham Iowa sio keh Mississippi Hô, pak-pêng koh ū Wisconsin.\n\nTī Illinois ê tang-pak-pêng sī Michigan Ô͘, chúi ê tùi-bīn sī Michigan, lēng-gōa Wisconsin kap Indiana mā óa tī ô͘ piⁿ.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nBí-kok goân-chū-bîn tī Illinois iû-kî chúi-lō͘ hoat-tián bûn-hòa, ùi Au-chiu-lâng lâi chìn-chêng chio̍h í-kēng chûn-chāi kúi-chheng nî. Tī Koster Ûi-chek (*Koster Site*) ū hoat-hiān iân-sio̍k 7000 nî ê sú-chêng jîn-bîn khiā-khí. Cahokia sī Mississippi bûn-hòa lāi ê kok-ka, só͘-chāi óa kīn kin-á-ji̍t Collinsville. In kiàn-siat liáu to͘-chhī, kî-tiong koh ū chi̍t lia̍p hong hiān-tāi lâng hō chò \"Monks Mound\" ê kim-jī-thah, sī Mexico í pak siāng tōa ê sú-chêng kiàn-tio̍k. Chóng-sī bûn-bêng tī tāi-iok 15 sè-kí sî siau-sit\n\nHoat-kok ê thàm-hiám-ka Jacques Marquette kap Louis Jolliet tī 1673 nî thàm-châ liáu Illinois Hô. Kàu 1680 nî ê sî, koh ū Hoat-kok lâng tī kin-á-ji̍t Peoria khí-chō iàu-sài. Canada ê Hoat-kok-lâng hiòng lâm hoat-tián, tī Mississippi Hô tē-khū seng-oa̍h. Kàu 1764 nî, in-ūi Chhit Nî Chiàn-chêng sit-pāi, Hoat-kok kā in só͘ niá ê La Louisiane kau hō͘ Eng-kok khì. 1778 nî, Bí-kok ê thàm-hiám-ka George Rogers Clark chú-tiuⁿ Illinois Kūn (Illinois County) siū Virginia só͘ koán, āu-lâi chia tī 1783 nî hong siat chò Pak-sai Léng-thó͘ (Northwest Territory) ê chit hūn.\n\n1809 nî 2 goe̍h chhe 3, Illinois Léng-thó͘ sêng-li̍p, siú-hú siat ùi Kaskaskia. Keng-kòe kúi chhù ê pian-kài khak-jīn, Illinois tī 1818 nî hong chiap-siū chò Bí-kok tē 21 chiu, 1819 nî chiong siú-hú sóa khì Vandalia, 1837 nî koh sóa Springfield.\n\n1831 nî ê sî, chia-ê goân-chū-bîn hong kiông-chè sóa khí Iowa seng-oa̍h. 1832 nî, Illinois kap hū-kīn ê Wisconsin hoat-seng Black Hawk Chiàn-cheng (Black Hawk War), che sī Bí-kok kap Sauk, Fox koh ū Kickapoo pō͘-cho̍k chi kan ê chhiong-tu̍t.\n\nBí-kok Lōe-chiàn sî-kî, Illinois hiòng liân-bêng kun-tūi phài goân chhiau-kòe 25 bān, kûi-bô͘ pâi liân-bêng lāi tē-4 miâ.\n\n20 sè-kí chá-kî, chiu lāi jîn-kháu lâi kàu 5 pah-bān. 1933 nî ê sî, Chicago pān liáu bān-kok phok-lám-hōe \"Chìn-pō͘ ê Sè-kí\" (*Century of Progress*). 1930 nî-tāi, chio̍h-iû ê khai-chhái chin hoat-tián, kàu 1939 nî, Illinois í-keng sī Bí-kok pâi tē-4 ê chio̍h-iû seng-sán chiu. Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn sî-kî, Illinois seng-sán Bí-kok kun-tūi bú-khì kiam chong-pī ê 6.1%.\n\n1959 nî, Sèng Lawrence Hái-lō͘ (*Saint Lawrence Seaway*) khai-thong liáu-āu, Chicago piàn chò ē-tàng tit-chia̍p hiòng hái-iûⁿ ê káng-kháu.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nChiàu Bí-kok Phó͘-cha-kio̍k ê ko͘-sǹg, 2016 nî 7 goe̍h chhe 1 Illinois ê jîn-kháu ū 12,801,539. In sī Tiong-se-pō͘ siāng chē lâng ê chiu-hūn. Chiu lāi ê Chicago, sī Bi-kok jîn-kháu pâi tē-3 miâ ê siâⁿ-chhī. Chāi-tē-lâng chheng Chicago to͘-hōe-khu hō-chò sī *Chicagoland*, lāi-bīn tòa liáu kui chiu 65% ê chū-bîn.\n\n### Giân-gí\n\nIllinois ê koan-hong gí-giân sī Eng-gí. Chha-put-to 80% ê jîn-bîn sī Eng-gí ê chāi-lâi sú-iōng-chiá, kî-tha mā chú-iàu sī thong Eng-gí chò tē-jī gí-giân. Chiu lāi chûn-chāi chē khoán Eng-gí khiuⁿ-kháu, pau-koat ū Chicago hū-kīn ê Lōe-tē Pak-hng Bí-kok Eng-gí (*Inland Northern American English*) kap Hui-chiu-hē Bí-kok-lâng Pe̍h-ōe Eng-gí (*African American Vernacular English*); tiong-pō͘ ê Tiong-tē Bí-kok Eng-gí (*Midland American English*); kap lâm-pêng ê Lâm-hng Bí-kok Eng-gí (*Southern American English*) téng khoán.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nIllinois tī 2014 nî ê GDP sī 745,875 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê sán-gia̍p sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (*health care and social assistance*).\n\nPún chiu chú-iàu ê lông-sán ū hoan-be̍h, n̂g-tāu, chhī-ti, chhī-gû, lêng-sán-phín kap sió-be̍h. Illinois tiāⁿ sī Bí-kok koh chiu thâu nn̄g miâ ê nn̂g-tāu seng-sán-tē, chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, kui tang ê sán-liōng ū 14.8 pa̍h-bān tòng.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"(5 ILCS 460/20) (from Ch. 1, par. 2901‑20) State Designations Act\". *Illinois Compiled Statutes*. Springfield, Illinois: Illinois General Assembly. September 4, 1991. April 10, 2009 khòaⁿ--ê. Sec. 20. Official language. The official language of the State of Illinois is English.\n2. ↑ Utah is Nation’s Fastest-Growing State, Census Bureau Reports\n3. ↑ \"Median Annual Household Income\". *The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation*. December 9, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"Charles\". *NGS data sheet*. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. October 20, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī November 2, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. October 21, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. 1 2 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n7. ↑ Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Illinois, FRED.\n8. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n9. ↑ \"U.S. Yield & Production: Production by State\". *SoyStats*. The American Soybean Association. 2017-02-16 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"Illinois","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2296,6482,0.3542116630669546],"infobox":["\n
    Illinois Chiu
    State of Illinois
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: Land of Lincoln; The Prairie State
    \nPiau-gí: State sovereignty, national union
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Illinois highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nEng-gí
    Liû-thong gí-giân\nEng-gí (80.8%)
    Se-pan-gâ-gí (14.9%)
    Kî-tha (5.1%)
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nIllinoisan
    Siú-hú\nSpringfield
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\n\"\" Chicago
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nChicago to͘-hōe-khu Chicagoland
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-25
     • Ha̍p-kè\n57,914 sq mi
    (149,932 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n210 lí (338 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n390 lí (628 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n3.99
     • Hūi-tō͘\n36° 58′ N to 42° 30′ N
     • Keng-tō͘\n87° 30′ W to 91° 31′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-5
     • Ha̍p-kè\n12,801,539 (2016 ko͘-sǹg)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n232/sq mi  (89.4/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-12
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$60,413 (tē-19)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nCharles Mound
    1,235 ft (376.4 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n600 ft  (180 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nMississippi Hô kap Ohio Hô sio-chiap-tē
    280 ft (85 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nIllinois Léng-thó͘
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\n1818 nî 12 goe̍h 3 ji̍t (tē-21)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nBruce Rauner (R)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nEvelyn Sanguinetti (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nChóng-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-īⁿ
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-īⁿ
    Chham-gī-goân\nDick Durbin (D)
    Tammy Duckworth (D)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n11-ê Bîn-chú-tóng, 7-ê Kiōng-hô-tóng (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \nCentral: UTC -6/-5
    ISO 3166\nUS-IL
    Kán-siá\nIL, Ill.
    Bāng-chām\nwww.illinois.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6153}} -{"text":" \n**Ông Hiong-siân**(王香禪; 1886-?) pún-miâ **Bóng-tshī**(罔市), iū miâ **Liû-sian**(留仙), **Hiong-siân**(香嬋), piáu-jī **Tāi-khing**(黛卿), gē-miâ **Bóng-tshi**(夢癡). Ông Hiong-siân tī Tâi-pak Báng-kah tshut-sì, sī Tshing-tiâu kah Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi tshut-miâ ê gē-tuànn tsham tsa-bóo si-jîn. I sī Liân Hîng ê tē-tsú, Siā Kài-tsio̍h ê bóo.\n\nÔng Hiong-siân tshut-sin sàn-tshiah, tshù-lāi ê king-tsè lóng khò in a-hiann Ông Á-thôo(王仔塗) sîng-tam. Tsū sè-hàn, i tō khì hōo Táng Á-tī(董仔治) siu tsò khè-kiánn. Hiong-siân khai-sí tī Pîng-lo̍k-iû(平樂遊) tsiú-lâu kah Hok-tsiu-á sai-hū o̍h Pah-khik.Tsa̍p-it huè ê sî-tsūn, Hiong-siân thàu-kuè si-jîn Ông Tsú-ho̍k(王子鶴) ê kài-siāu, khì kàu Tuā-tiū-tiânn ê Kiàm-lâu su-sio̍k(劍樓書塾) hiòng Tiō It-san o̍h siá hiong-liâm-si(香奩詩), kàu-ha̍k N̂g Jīm ê *Hiong-tsháu tsian-ngóo tsù*(香草箋偶註). Hiong-siân in-uī kah-ì tha̍k *Hông-lâu bóng*, him-siān tsú-kak Lîm Tāi-gio̍k, sóo-í kā piáu-jī hō-tsò **Tāi-khing**.\n\nHit tang-tsūn, Hiong-siân hōo lâng hō-tsò **Tâi-uân sam-tāi bí-jîn**, tàm Tuā-tiū-tiânn Íng-lo̍k-tsō tshiùnn King-hì, Liân Hîng ta̍k kang lóng tsáu khì hia kā phâng-tiûnn. Hiong-siân mā bat kàu Tâi-lâm Pó-bí-lâu(寶美樓) piáu-ián *Jī tsìn-kiong*(二進宮), *Sam-liông kàu tsú*(三娘教子), kah *Tsè kang*(祭江), tsin tsē sū-sin lóng uī i tshi-bê. Hiong-siân tuà tī Tâi-lâm ê sî-tsūn, Liân Hîng tsìng-sik siu i tsò tē-tsú, kà i *Si-king*, *Tshóo-sû*, kah Lí Siong-ún ê si-tsi̍p, Liân Hîng koh o-ló i kóng *Kim tsik huí-jiân sîng-tsiong, put kiám Siā-tîng ēng sù.*(今則斐然成章，不減謝庭詠絮。). Iáu-m̄-koh, nn̄g lâng pīng bô kiat-hun, Hiong-siân āu-lâi kè hōo Lô Siù-huī, siá si *Būn hue*(問花). Tān-sī, Lô Siù-huī suah pàng-sak i, tsáu khì kah Tshuà Phik-gîm tàu-tīn, nn̄g lâng tsiông-tshú lī-iân.\n\nHiong-siân tsin tsheh-sim, khai-sí tāi-liōng siá si, iōng **Tāi-khing** tsò pit-miâ, tâu-kó Tâi-uân ji̍t-ji̍t sin-pò, tshin-tshiūnn *Tshiu-kám*(秋感), *Su-huâi*(書懷), *Mûi-hui*(梅妃), kah *Hô mûi-hui ūn*(和梅妃韻) tō sī hit tang-sî ê tsok-phín.","meta":{"title":"Ông Hiong-siân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[350,2218,0.15779981965734896],"infobox":["
    Ông Hiong-siân
    Ông Hiong-siân
    \n
    Ông Hiong-siân
    Chhut-sì\n1886年 (Tshing Kong-sú 11-nî)
    Pang-bô͘:QING福建省臺灣道臺北府淡水縣大加蚋堡艋舺
    Koè-sin\nTsut-liân put-siông
    Kok-che̍k\nPang-bô͘:QING（1886年－1895年）
    \"\" Empire of Japan（1895年－？）
    Pang-bô͘:MCK（？－1945年）
    Pang-bô͘:ROC-1928（1945年－1949年）
    \"\" People's Republic of China（1949年－？）
    Chit-gia̍p\nGē-tuànn, si-jîn
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2197}} -{"text":"\n**Iowa** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú kap siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Des Moines.\n\nTē-hō-miâ\n---------\n\n\"Iowa\" chit-ê miâ sī tùi Iowa-lâng hō--lâi, sī Au-chiu-lâng tú lâi ê sî tī chia seng-oa̍h ê goân-chū-bîn pō͘-cho̍k.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nIowa tang-pêng kài-sòaⁿ sī Mississippi Hô, sai-pêng sī Missouri Hô kap Big Sioux Hô (kun-kù in 19-sè-kî sî ê lō͘-sòaⁿ), pak-pêng sī hūi-tō͘ N43°30'; nā lâm-pêng sī N40°35', che sī kài-sòaⁿ cheng-gī \"Phang-bi̍t Chiàn-cheng\" (Honey War) liáu āu Bí-kok Chòe-ko Hoat-īⁿ tī 1849 nî só͘ chhâi-phòaⁿ koat-tēng.\n\nTī Iowa ê chū-jiân-ô͘ ū Spirit Ô͘, West Okoboji Ô͘, East Okoboji Ô͘ tī sai-pak-pō͘, nā lâm-pêng ū Clear Ô͘. Tī in sai-pak koh ū chi̍t kóa tâm-tē, phì-jû Barringer Slough.\n\nThong chiu ū 99-ê kūn, siú-hū chāi Polk Kūn ê Des Moines.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nBí-chiu goân-chū-bîn (Indian-lâng) tī 13000 nî í-chêng chiū tī Iowa seng-oa̍h. Au-chiu-lâng tú lâi chia ê sî, chia-ê goân-chū-bîn í-keng tōa-hūn kòe chò-sit ê sêng-oa̍h, tī keng-chè kap siā-hōe siōng mā ū it-tēng ê hoat-tián.\n\nŪ kì-lio̍k siāng chá lâi Iowa ê Au-chiu-lâng sī Jacques Marquette kap Louis Jolliet, in sī 1673 nî iân Mississippi Hô lú-hêng, tùi Iowa chia ê chi̍t kóa pō͘-lo̍k ū kì-lio̍k. Iowa kàu 1763 nî í-chêng sī Hoat-kok léng-tē. In āu-lâi kā thó͘-tē pôaⁿ hō Se-pan-gâ. Se-pan-gâ tùi chia ê khòng-chè bô kiông, chú-iàu sī koán-lí tī Mississippi kap Des Moines Hô iân-hōaⁿ oa̍h-tāng ê Hoat-kok kap Eng-kok ê seng-lí-lâng.\n\nIowa sī Louisiana léng-thó͘ ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. 1800 nî sî, Hoat-kok koh tùi Se-pan-gâ hia theh tio̍h Louisiana ê khòng-chè-khoân. Kàu 1803 nî, keng-kòe Louisiana Siu-bé, Iowa kiam kui-ê Louisiana hō͘ Bí-kok niá khì. 1808 nî ê sî, Bí-kok phài lâng siat Fort Madison iàu-sài, tùi cht-ūi kiàn-li̍p kun-su khòng-chè. Sui-jiân khòng-chè liáu Mississippi Hô téng-liû, Fort Madison í-khí liáu tùi chia óa-ná ū léng-thó͘ chú-tiuⁿ ê Sauk kap Ho-Chunk cho̍k lâng put-boán. Tī 1812 nî Chiàn-cheng tiong, Fort Madison hō͘ Eng-kok chi-chhî ê goân-chū-bîn phài pāi, hit chūn Sauk ê thâu-lâng Black Hawk mā ū chham-ka kong-ke̍k. Liáu-āu, Bí-kok tī Minnesota kap Nebraska sin siat iàu-sài, chia̍h koh têng-sin tùi chia kiàn-li̍p khòng-chè.\n\nBí-kok kó͘-lē jîn-bīn hiòng chhú-tē î-bîn, tông-sî mā kā Indian goân-chū-bîn sóa khì koh khah se-pō͘. 1804 nî Sauk thâu-lâng Quashquame kap chóng-thóng William Henry Harrison chhiam-iok, kā chi̍t-pō͘-hūn Illinois tē-khu kòa hō͘ Bí-kok, che chō-sêng chin chē Sauk-lâng ê put-boán, ín-khí 1832 nî ê Black Hawk Chiàn-cheng. Bí-kok soah iàu-kiû in chō-hoán ê pō͘-cho̍k lî-khui pún-tē, kiat-kó tùi 1832 nî kàu 1946 nî, Sauk kap Meskwaki lâng lóng hō͘ kóaⁿ chhut Iowa. Meskwaki āu-lâi ū tó-tńg Iowa, tī Tama siâⁿ hū-kīn seng-oa̍h. Lēng-gōa Ho-Chunk kap Dakota lâng mā tī 1950 nî-tāi hong kóaⁿ cháu.\n\n1833 nî, Iowa khah chèng-sek ū Bí-kok ê khai-khún-chiá kòe--khì, in chú-iàu lâi-goân ū Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Indiana, Kentucky, kap Virginia. 1938 nî 6 goe̍h 4 ji̍t, kok-hōe thòng-kòe Iowa Léng-thó͘ (Territory of Iowa) ê kiàn-li̍p, chóng-thóng chí-phài Robert Lucas chò léng-thó͘ ê tiúⁿ-koaⁿ, hit-chūn in ū jîn-kháu 2-gōa bān. 1846 nî 12 goe̍h 28, chóng-thóng James K. Polk chhiam-jī, hō͘ Iowa kái siat Bí-kok tē 29-ê chiu.\n\n1850 nî-tāi, khì-chûn sī Mississippi Hô kap kî-tha chúi-lō͘ chú-iàu ê kau-thong kang-khu, mā tī hit-tong-sî, Iowa tùi teh choan-kok ê liû-hêng khái-sí tùi thih-lō͘ ê tōa-kûi-bô͘ kiàn-siat ū hèng-chhù. Kàu 1960 nî-tāi, 5-tiâu kàn-sòaⁿ thàng lâi kàu Iowa, pau-koat Liân-ha̍p Thài-pêng-iûⁿ (Union Pacific) kap Tiong-iong Thài-pêng-iûⁿ (Central Pacific), che nn̄g lō͘ sio-chiap mā sī Bí-kok thâu chi̍t tiâu khòa tāi-lio̍k ê thin-lō͘. Thih-lō͘ ê khai-siat, hō͘ Iowa ê lông-sán ē-sài sàng kàu Chicago lâi hiòng kok-lāi-gōa chhut-kháu.\n\nTī Bí-kok Lōe-chiàn sî, Iowa chi-chhî Liân-pan, hiòng tang-pō͘ thê-kiong peng-má kap niû-chháu, tû-liáu Missouri Athens ê chiàn-e̍k chiō tī Iowa pian-kài, chiu lāi pēng bô chiàn-tiûⁿ. Kui chiu ê 675,000 lâng tiong ū 116,000 lóng chham-ka liáu chiàn-cheng sū-bū, 75,000 lâng chū-oān chham-kun, sī pí-lē siōng koân ê chi̍t chiu. In chú-iàu chham-ka Mississipi Hô iâⁿ-hōaⁿ ê chiàn-e̍k.\n\n1872 nî ê Iowa kiam Nebraska thó͘-tē bé-bē kóng-kò.\nChiàn-cheng kiat-sok liáu-āu, Iowa ê jîn-kháu tōa-liōng chin-ka, tùi 1860 nî ê 67 bān ka-tiam kàu 1870 nî ê 119 bān. Chìn-chêng ê thih-lō͘ khai-siat hō͘ in piàn chò chú-iàu ê lông-sán chiu chi it. In mā tī 1870 nî-tāi hoat-tián lông-giap siong-koan ê kang-giap seng-sán.\n\n1917 nî, Bí-kok chham-ka liáu Tē-it-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn, hit-tong-sî chāi-tê lông-ka chin siū chiàn-cheng sî-kî keng-chè ê tì-ìm, jî-chhiá mā siū ài-kok-chú-gī ê kó͘-bú chin-ka sán-liōng. M̄-koh chiàn-cheng kiat-sok liáu-āu soah hi-bî khì, chin chē ka-têng seng-oa̍h khùn-lân.\n\nŪi tio̍h kái-koat lông-sán kè-siàu lo̍h-kè ê būn-tê, in hoat khí Lông-ka Kà-ji̍t Cho͘-ha̍p (Farmers Holiday Association), tī Sioux Chhī téng só͘-chāi ûi-hō͘ in-ê chhī-tiûⁿ. Chóng-sī hāu-kó iú-hān, si̍t-chè kàu 1933 nî chóng-thóng Franklin D. Roosevelt ê Sin Chèng-chhek (New Deal) tùi lông-gia̍p pó͘-thiap chiah ū bêng-hián kái-siàn put-lī.\n\nIowa chhut-sin ê ha̍k-chiá Nobel Chióng tit-chióng-jîn Norman Borlaug tāi-khài mā tī hit chūn tī leh ián-kiù si̍t-bu̍t ê ûi-thoân-ha̍k.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nIowa tī 2014 nî ê GDP sī 170,613 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê sán-gia̍p sī chè-chō-gia̍p.\n\nChè-chō-gia̍p sī Iowa chú-iàu ê keng-chè pō͘-mn̂g, in ê sán-phín ū si̍t-phín ka-kang, tāng ki-hâi, lông-gia̍p hòa-ha̍k téng-téng. Chāi-tē chia̍h-thâu-lō͘-lâng tāi-iok 6-siâⁿ sio̍k chè-chō-gia̍p.\n\nLông-sán hong-bīn, chú-iàu ū chhī-ti, chhī-gû, ke-nn̄g, hoan-be̍h, n̂g-tāu, tōa-be̍h. In sī kok-lāi siāng toā ê it-sûn kiam hoan-be̍h seng-sán chiu. N̂g-tāu ê sán-liōng chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu kui tang sán-chhut 15.1 pah-bān tòng, sī thong Bí-kok chhōa-thâu--ê.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015\" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 26, 2015. December 26, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī November 2, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. October 21, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. 1 2 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n4. ↑ Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Iowa, FRED.\n5. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ \"U.S. Yield & Production: Production by State\". *SoyStats*. The American Soybean Association. 2017-02-16 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"Iowa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1905,7487,0.25444103112060906],"infobox":["\n
    Iowa Chiu
    State of Iowa
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiû-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: The Hawkeye State
    \nPiau-gí: Our liberties we prize and our rights we will maintain.
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Iowa highlighted
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nIowan
    Siú-hú
    (kiam siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī)    		\nDes Moines
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nDes Moines to͘-hōe-khu
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-26
     • Ha̍p-kè\n56,272.81 sq mi
    (145,746 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n310 lí (500 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n199 lí (320 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n0.70
     • Hūi-tō͘\n40° 23′ N to 43° 30′ N
     • Keng-tō͘\n90° 8′ W to 96° 38′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-30
     • Ha̍p-kè\n3,123,899 (2015 nî ko͘-sǹg)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n54.8/sq mi  (21.2/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-36
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$48,075 (tē-24)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nHawkeye Point
    1,671 ft (509 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n1,100 ft  (340 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nMississippi Hô kap Des Moines Hô sio-cha̍p tiám
    480 ft (146 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nIowa Léng-thó͘
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\n1846 nî 12 goe̍h 28 ji̍t (tē-29)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nTerry E. Branstad (R)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nKim Reynolds (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nGī-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gi-īⁿ
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-īⁿ
    Chham-gī-goân\nChuck Grassley (R)
    Joni Ernst (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n1: Rod Blum (R)
    2: Dave Loebsack (D)
    3: David Young (R)
    4: Steve King (R) (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \nCentral: UTC -6/-5
    ISO 3166\nUS-IA
    Kán-siá\nIA,
    Bāng-chām\nwww.iowa.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7385}} -{"text":"\n**Kansas** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú tī Topeka. Siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Wichita. Chiu lāi chóng jîn-kháu 290 bān chó͘-iū, biān-chek 213,096 pêng-hong kong-lí. Pún chiu tōa-pō͘-hūn sī Bí-kok keng-kòe 1804 nî Louisiana Bóe-tē tit tioh, āu-lâi tī 1854 nî sêng-lip Kansas Léng-thó͘, koh tī 1861 nî siat chò chit chiu.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nKansas ê pak-pêng sī Nebraska; tang-pêng sī Missouri, lâm-pêng sī Oklahoma, sai-pêng sī Colorado. Kui chiu lóng-chóng hun 105-ê kūn. Tī tang-pak-pêng ê pian-kài, ū chha-put-to 121 kong-lí sī àn-chiàu Missouri Hô só͘ ōe. Kansas Hô (chāi-tē kiò \"Kaw\"), tī Kansas Chhī kap Missouri Hô sio-chiap. Tùi Colorado lâu--kòe-lâi ê Arkansas Hô mā ū keng-kòe Kansas chiu ê sai-pō͘ kap lâm-pō͘, ū 800 kong-lí tn̂g lóng tī Kansas chiu lāi.\n\nKansas tē-lí siōng siāng koân ê só͘-chāi sī Mount Sunflower, koân-tō͘ ū 1231 m. Bí-kok sòa-chiap (contiguous) thó͘-tē, iah chio̍h sī bô hâm Hawaii, Alaska kap kî-tha hái-gōa niá-thó͘, ê tē-lí-ha̍k tiong-sim sī tī pún chiu ê Lebanon siâⁿ, Kansas/Nebraska kài-sòaⁿ lâm-pêng tāi-iok 12 lí ê só͘-chāi. Kun-kù 1918 nî tiāu-cha keng-hūi-tō͘ sī 39°50′N 98°35′W, chóng-sī si̍t-chè tiong-sim sī sûi-sî siū hái-hōaⁿ-sòaⁿ téng-téng in-sò͘ piàn-tōng--ê.\n\n### Khì-hāu\n\nChú-iàu tī joa̍h-thiⁿ kap chhun-thiⁿ, Kansas in-ūi tú-hó tī bô-kâng khì-thoân sio-chiap ê só͘-chāi, chia sî-siông sán-seng toa-hong-hō͘, kî-tiong ū-ê koh ē ín-khí kńg-lê-á-hong, bí tang tāi-khài ū 50 pái.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nKansas chá-liân sī Bí-chiu Goân-chū-bîn seng-oa̍h ê só͘-chāi. Kun-kù khó-kó gián-kiù, tāi-khài chêng 7000 nî ê sî, chá-kî lia̍h kó͘-chhiūⁿ (mammoth) ê Bí-chiu lâng chìn-ji̍p kàu Kansas. Tī chiu lāi, î-it khó-kó͘ chhōe tio̍h ê pueblo (Bí-chiu goân-chū-bîn ê chhī-ke) sī El Quartelejo.\n\nTāi-seng tī hiān-sî Kansas oa̍h-tāng ê Au-chiu-lâng sī Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, i tī 1541 nî lâi kàu tong-tē. 1803 nî, tōa-hūn ê hiān-tāi Kansas hō͘ Bí-kok keng-kòe Louisiana Bóe-tē (Louisiana Purchase) siu khì. Chóng-sī se-lâm-pō͘ kàu 1848 í-chêng iá koh sī Se-pan-gâ, Be̍k-se-ko kap Texas Kiōng-hô-kok ê léng-thó͘.\n\n1812 ni kàu 1821 nî kî-kan, Kansas sī Missouri Léng-thó͘ (Missouri Territory) ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Santa Fe Thong-lǒ͘ (Santa Fe Trail) tī 1821 kàu 1880 nî chi kan ū keng-kòe Kansas, ē-sái kap Missouri koh-ū New Mexico ū seng-lí lâi-óng.\n\n1827 nî, Fort Leavenworth khí-chō, sī pe̍h-lâng tī chit ūi thâu chi̍t-ê tn̂g-kî ê chhī-ke. Āu-lâi Kansas–Nebraska Hoat-àn (Kansas–Nebraska Act) tī 1854 nî thong-kòe, Kansas Léng-thó͘ sêng-li̍p.\n\nLawrence sóe-siâⁿ.\n1861 nî, Kansas hòng-khì lō͘-lē chè-tō͘, piàn chò Bí-kok tē 34-ê chiu. 1863 nî, 8 goe̍h 21 ji̍t, Bí-kok Lōe-chiàn kî-kan, William Quantrill chhōa lâng thâi ji̍p Lawrence siâⁿ, chō-sêng pah kúi lâng sí-bông. Lōe-chiàn siang-hong lóng hoán-tùi i-ê hêng-tōng.\n\nLōe-chiàn kiat-sok liáu-āu, chin chōe O͘-lâng lî-khui Bí-kok lâm-pō͘, tī Kansas kiàn-li̍p siā-khu. Lēng-gōa Chisholm Thong-lō͘ (Chisholm Trail) ê khai-siat hō͘ Kansas chìn-ji̍p liáu Se-pō͘ sî-tāi.\n\n1881 nî, Kansas tī Bí-kok kok chiú tiong thâu chi̍t-ê chiap-siū chi̍t kóa kàu-hōe ê iau-kiû kìm-chí chiú-lūi, kìm-lēng kàu 1948 nî ê sî hùi-tû. \n\nKansas sī 20 sè-kí chá-kî chìn-pō͘ ūn-tōng (progressive movement) ê tiong-sim chit it.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nKun-kù Bí-kok Phó͘-cha Kio̍k (United States Census Bureau) ê ko͘-sǹg, Kansas tī 2014 nî 7 goe̍h chhe jîn-khàu ū 2,904,021 lâng. \n\nTī 2010 nî ê chu-liāu tiong, Kansas 83.8% ê jîn-kháu sī pe̍h-lâng (kî-tiong 77.5% sī hui Se-pan-gâ hē); 5.9% sī O͘-lâng he̍k-chiá Hui-chiu-hē Bí-kok-lâng, 1% sī Bí-chiu goân-chū-bîn; koh ū 2.4% sī A-chiu-lâng.\n\nKun-kù 2014 nî Pew Gián-kiù Tiong-sim ê tiâu-cha, Kansas jîn-kháu tiong 76% sī Ki-tok-kàu, lāi-bīn koh ū 31% sī Ho̍k-im-phài Sin-kàu, 24% sī Chú-liû-phài Sin-kàu (Mainline Protestant), 2% sī O͘-lâng Sin-kàu, 18% sī Thian-chú-kàu, 1% sī Mormon, 1% sī Ia-hô-hoa Kiàn-chèng-jîn; lēng-gōa, hui-Ki-tok-kàu sìn-gióng chiàm 4%, bô tek-pia̍t sìn-gióng chiá chiàm 20%.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nKansas tī 2015 nî ê GDP sī 149,641 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê sán-gia̍p sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (*health care and social assistance*).\n\nChit chiu chú-iàu lông-sán ū gû, iûⁿ-á, be̍h-á, lô͘-sé, n̂g-tāu, mî-hoe, hoan-be̍h téng-téng. Tang-pō͘ sī Bí-kok chú-iàu ngó͘-kok ê sán-tē. \n\nKang-gia̍p hong-bīn, ū ūn-su lēng-kiāⁿ, hui-hêng-ki, si̍t-phín ka-kang, chhut-pán, hòa-ha̍k téng chhut-sán. Lēng-gōa, kansas mā sī Bí-kok sán chio̍h-iû pâi tē-8 ê chiu.\n\nTû-liáu tú khai-sí ê chhì-giām-tē í-gōa, Kansas City to͘-hōe-khu sī Google Fiber bāng-lō͘ hē-thóng tāi-seng khai-sí ho̍k-bū ê só͘-chāi.\n\nKau-thong\n---------\n\nKansas ū nn̄g tiâu chiu-chè ko-sok-tō-lō͘ (Interstate Highway): I-70 kap I-35. I-70 chú-iàu sī tang-sai hong-hiòng, ē-tàng liân khì Colorado ê Denver kap Missouri ê Kansas City, keng-kòe ê chiu lāi siâⁿ-chhī ū Colby, Hays, Salina, Junction City, Topeka, Lawrence, Bonner Springs, kap Kansas City. Nā I-35 sī lâm-pak hiòng, liân khì Oklahoma ê Oklahoma City kap Iowa ê Des Moines, keng-kòe chiu lāi ê Wichita, El Dorado, Emporia, Ottawa, kap Kansas City téng siâⁿ.\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\nTī Bí-kok bûn-ha̍k lāi-bīn, Kansas chin chhut-miâ ê chi̍t hāng tāi-chì, sī chò 1900 nî siáu-soat *Oz ê Tōa Su̍t-sū* (*The Wonderful Wizard of Oz*) chú-kak Dorothy Gale ê kò͘-hiong. 1939 nî kái-pian ê tiān-iáⁿ *The Wizard of Oz* lāi, ū chi̍t kù kháu-pe̍h kóng \"Lán í-keng bô tī Kansas lāi--ah\" (We're not in Kansas anymore), āu-lâi piàn Eng-gí ê chi̍t kù bêng-giân, piáu-sī ka-tī ji̍p-khì liáu sin khoân-kéng.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Governor's Signature Makes English the Official Language of Kansas\". US English. May 11, 2007. August 6, 2008 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014\" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. 2014-12-26. 2014-12-26 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. October 21, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. 1 2 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n5. ↑ \"Annual Average Number of Tornadoes, 1953–2004\". National Climatic Data Center. October 25, 2006 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ Pew Research Center, \"Religious Landscape Study\"Kansas\" online\n7. ↑ \"Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Kansas\". *FRED*. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. 2017-03-11 khòaⁿ--ê.\n8. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n9. ↑ \"Ultra high-speed broadband is coming to Kansas City, Kansas\". Google.com.\n\n United States\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 152389568\n* LCCN: n79007369\n* ISNI: 0000 0004 0393 0633\n* GND: 4114131-3\n* SUDOC: 176543422\n* BNF: cb120658452 (data)\n* NDL: 00628402\n* NKC: ge138175\n* BNE: XX455331\n* CiNii: DA04856342\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kansas","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2567,7818,0.3283448452289588],"infobox":["\n
    Kansas Chiu
    State of Kansas
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: Hiòng-ji̍t-kûi Chiu The Sunflower State (koan-hong);
    Sió-be̍h Chiu The Wheat State
    \nPiau-gí: Ad astra per aspera (Latin, ì-sù sī \"keng-le̍k kan-khó͘ tit tio̍h chheⁿ-táu\")
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Kansas highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nEng-gí
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nKansan (Eng-gí)
    Siú-hú\nTopeka
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nWichita
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nKansas City To͘-chhī-khian (pō͘-hūn ùi chiu gōa)
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-15
     • Ha̍p-kè\n82,277 sq mi
    (213,096 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n417 lí (645 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n211 lí (340 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n0.56
     • Hūi-tō͘\n37° N to 40° N
     • Keng-tō͘\n94° 35′ W to 102° 3′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-34
     • Ha̍p-kè\n2,904,021 (2014 nî ko͘)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n35.1/sq mi  (13.5/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-40
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$50,177 (tē-25)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nMount Sunflower
    4,041 ft (1232 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n2,000 ft  (610 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nVerdigris River, oa̍h Oklahoma pian-kài
    679 ft (207 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nKansas Léng-thó͘
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\n1861 nî 1 goe̍h 29 ji̍t (tē-34-ê)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nSam Brownback (R)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nJeff Colyer (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nKansas Li̍p-hoat-hōe (legislature)
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-hōe
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-hōe
    Chham-gī-goân\nPat Roberts (R)
    Jerry Moran (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\nTim Huelskamp (R)
    Lynn Jenkins (R)
    Kevin Yoder (R)
    Mike Pompeo (R) (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \n 
     • Tōa-hūn\nCentral: UTC −6/−5
     • Se-pō 4-ê kūn (Hamilton, Greeley, Wallace, kap Sherman)\nMountain: UTC −7/−6
    ISO 3166\nUS-KS
    Kán-siá\nKS,
    Bāng-chām\nwww.kansas.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7611}} -{"text":"\n**Louisiana** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú sī Baton Rouge, siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī New Orleans.\n\nHō-miâ\n------\n\n*Louisiana* sī tùi Hoat-kok kok-ông Louis 14-sè hō--lâi-ê. Chi̍t khai-sí chú-tiūⁿ Mississippi Hô tē-khu léng-thó͘ ê René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, sī hō *La Louisiane*.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nLouisiana ê sai-pêng sī Texas, pak-pêng sī Arkansas, tang-pêng sī Mississippi, lâm-pêng óa tī Be̍k-se-ko Oan\n\nChhiong-chek tē-he̍k, pau-koat kē làm-tē, hái-kîⁿ tâm-tē kap hái-sòaⁿ, chiàm kui chiu 52,000 pêng-hong kong-lí ê thó͘-tē, in tōa-hūn lóng sī óa tī Be̍k-se-ko Oan kap Mississippi Hô iân-hōaⁿ. Mississippi Hô sī tùi pún chiu pak-pō͘ hiòng lâm, keng-kòe beh 1000 kong-lí tn̂g liáu-āu lâu ji̍p Be̍k-se-ko Oan, chú-iàu ê hun-chi ū Red Hô kap Ouachita Hô.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nLouisiana goân-lâi sī Bí-kok goân-chū-bîn khiā-khí ê só͘-chāi. Khó-kó͘-ha̍k siōng ùi kin-á-ji̍t Monroe siâⁿ hū-kīn ê Watson Brake tē-tiám, ū hoat-kiàn 5400 tang chêng chó-iū só͘ khí ê chi̍t-kóa thô͘-tun (*mound*) kiàn-chō-bu̍t. Khah òaⁿ, koh ū ùi Poverty Point tē-tiám hông hoat-kiàn ê kong-goân-chêng 1500 nî chó-iū ê bûn-hòa, in ū khó-lêng sī Pak Bí-chiu siāng chá ê pō͘-lo̍k bûn-hòa, chûn-chāi kàu chêng 700 nî chó-ōiū.\n\nTāi-seng lâi kàu Louisiana ê Au-chiu lâng sī 1528 nî Se-pan-gâ Panfilo de Narváez niá-chhōa ê thàm-hiám-chiá, in tong sî khì káu Mississippi Hô chhut-kháu ê só͘-chāi. 17 sè-kí āu-kî, Hoat-kok kap Hoat-kok-hē Ka-ná-tah-lâng ê thàm-chhâ, kiàn-li̍p khí in tī Mississippi Hô kap Be̍k-sek-ko Oan hái-hōaⁿ oa̍h-tāng ê ki-chhó͘. Té-bé Hoat-kok chú-tiuⁿ tùi Be̍k-sek-ko Oan kàu Ka-ná-tah chi kan ê tōa hūn thó͘-tē.\n\n1682 nî Hoat-kok ê Robert Cavelier de La Salle hō-miâ Louisiana tē-hng lâi kèng-hōng kok-ông Louis 14-sè. 1699 nî, tùi Ka-ná-tah kòe--lâi ê Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, kiàn-li̍p khí thâu chi̍t chō Hoat-kok-lâng ê éng-kiú chng-siā Fort Maurepas, in lēng-gōa koh tī Mississippi hái-kháu khí sió-hêng iàu-sài La Balise.\n\n1722 nî, Hoat-kok kā Illinois Kok (*Pays des Illinois*) ê chèng-hú tùi Ka-ná-tah sóa kòe Louisiana. Tong-sî kóng ê Louisiana tē-khu, pau-koat liáu Tōa-ô͘ tē-khu í-lâm, Rocky Soaⁿ-tē kap Allegheny Soaⁿ-tē chi kan ê thó͘-tē. 1745 nî ê sî, Louisiana ê kài-sòaⁿ koh chìn chi̍t pō͘ hông khak-tēng.\n\nTiong-ng chián-sek pō͘-hūn sī Louisiana Siu-bé ê ê hoān-ûi.\n1803 nî, Bí-kok keng-kòe Louisiana Siu-bé, chiong 2,100,000 pêng-hong kong-lí ê thó͘-tē bé-siu, só͘-hùi sī 6 chheng-bān franc. Chia-ê chîⁿ lāi-bīn ū 3.5 pah-bān sī sǹg lâi hêng Bí-kok khiàm Hoat-kok ê siàu.\n\n1860 nî sî-chūn, Louisiana chiu lāi ū 18,647 ê chū-iû o͘-lâng, sī Bí-kok kok chiu lāi-bīn siāng chē--ê. Tông-sî in tī sán-gia̍p siōng óa-ná koh chin i-lōa o͘-lâng lô͘-lē, ū 331,726 ê lō͘-lê jîn-kháu, chiàm tong-sî chiu lāi chóng jîn-kháu 708,002 ê 47%. Kap kî-tha lâm-hong chiu hūn chò-chóe, Louisiana tī 1861 nî 1 goe̍h 26 thoat-lî liân-pang, ka-ji̍p America Liân-bêng-kok. Liân-pang-kun ê chiàn-lio̍k to̍h sī bé chiàm Mississippi Hô, chō-sêng Louisiana kòe bô lōa kú chiō hông phah-pāi, liân-pang-kun tī 1862 nî 4 goe̍h 25 chiàm-niá New Orleans siâⁿ.\n\n2005 nî 8 goe̍h, New Orleans téng chiu lāi ó Be̍k-se-ko Oan ê kē-tē, siū tio̍h Hong-hai Katrina giâm-tiōng ê sún-hāi.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nLouisiana tī 2015 nî ê GDP sī 239,305 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê sán-gia̍p sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (*health care and social assistance*).\n\nLouisiana chú-iàu ê lông-sán chi it sī hái-sán, in sī thong sè-kài siāng tōa ê tām-chúi lêng-hê (*crawfish*) ê sán-tē, chiàm 90% ê sán-liōng. Kî-tha ê lông-sán koh ū mî-hoe, n̂g-tāu, gû, kam-chià, leng-chè-phín kap tiū-bí. Kang-gia̍p ê hong-bīn ū seng-sán hòa-ha̍k chè-phín, chio̍h-iû kap mûi-thoàⁿ chè-phín, si̍t-phín ka-kang, ūn-su chong-pī, chè-chóa téng khoán. Koan-kong-gia̍p mā sī chāi-tē keng-chè tiōng-iàu ê pō͘-hūn, iû-kî sī tùi New Orleans tē-hng lâi kóng.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"New Orleans a 'ghost town' after thousands flee Gustav: mayor\", *AFP*, Google, August 31, 2008, goân-loē-iông tī May 16, 2013 hőng khó͘-pih\n2. ↑ \"Expert: N.O. population at 273,000\". *WWL-TV*. August 7, 2007. goân-loē-iông tī September 26, 2007 hőng khó͘-pih. August 14, 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Relocation\". *Baton rouge*. Connecting U.S. Cities. May 3, 2007.\n4. ↑ \"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015\" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 26, 2015. December 26, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"Median Annual Household Income\". *The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation*. December 9, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī October 15, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. October 21, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n7. 1 2 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n8. ↑ \"Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Louisiana\". *Economic Research at the St. Louis Fed (FRED)*. 2016-12-07. 2017-01-09 khòaⁿ--ê.\n9. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"Louisiana","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2480,6187,0.40084047195732986],"infobox":["\n
    Louisiana Chiu
    State of Louisiana
    État de Louisiane  (Hoat-gí)
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: Bayou State • Child of the Mississippi
    Creole State • Pelican State (official)
    Sportsman's Paradise • Sugar State • The Boot
    \nPiau-gí: Union, Justice, Confidence
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Louisiana highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nBô koan-hong gí-giân
    Liû-thong gí-giân\n

    2007 nî ûi-chí

    \n
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nLouisianian
    Siú-hú\nBaton Rouge
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nNew Orleans
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nTōa New Orleans
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-31
     • Ha̍p-kè\n50,000 sq mi
    (135,382 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n130 lí (210 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n379 lí (610 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n15
     • Hūi-tō͘\n28° 56′ N to 33° 01′ N
     • Keng-tō͘\n88° 49′ W to 94° 03′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ 25th
     • Ha̍p-kè\n4,681,666 (2015 nî ko͘)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n93.6/sq mi  (34.6/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-24
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$45,992 (45th)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nDriskill Mountain
    535 ft (163 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n100 ft  (30 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nNew Orleans
    −8 ft (−2.5 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nOrleans Léng-thó͘
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\n1812 nî 4 goe̍h 30 ji̍t (tē-18)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nJohn Bel Edwards (D)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nBilly Nungesser (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nChiu Li̍p-hoat-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-īⁿ
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-īⁿ
    Chham-gī-goân\nJohn Neely Kennedy (R)
    Bill Cassidy (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n5-ê Kiōng-hô-tóng, 1-ê Bîn-chú-tóng (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \nCentral: UTC −6/−5
    ISO 3166\nUS-LA
    Kán-siá\nLA, La.
    Bāng-chām\nlouisiana.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5671}} -{"text":"\n**Mississippi** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. I ê siú-hú kap siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī lóng sī Jackson.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nMississippi ê pak-pêng sī Tennessee; tang-pêng sī Alabama; lâm-pêng ū Louisiana kap chi̍t tōaⁿ Be̍k-se-ko Oan hái-kîⁿ; tī sai-pêng kòe Mississippi Hô tùi hōaⁿ, sī Louisiana chham Arkansas.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nÓa tī chha-put-to chú-chêng 10000 nî ê sî-chūn, goân-chūn-bîn í-keng chhut-hiān tī Bí-kok ê lâm-pō͘. Khó-kó͘-ha̍k-kài ka chia ê lâng hō chò sī Kó͘ Indian lâng. \n\nIok-lio̍k tī chú-āu 950 nî, sī Mississippi bûn-hòa oa̍h-hiáⁿ ê sî-chūn. In hoat-tián chhut tùi Tōa-ô͘ tē-hng kàu Be̍k-sek-ko Oan hái-kîⁿ ê ê bō͘-e̍k bāng-lō͘, kiàn-siat tōa-hêng ê thô͘ lūn kiàn-tio̍k. Chia Mississippi bûn-hòa ê kè-sêng-chiá pau-koat Bí-kok goân-chūn-bîn lāi-té ê Chickasaw kap Choctaw cho̍k. Kî-tha khiā tī Mississippi tē-hng ê pō͘-cho̍k koh ū Natchez, Yazoo, kap Biloxi téng cho̍k.\n\nSe-pan-gâ ê Hernando de Soto, sī tāi-seng lâi kàu pún tē-hng ê chú-iàu Au-chiu thàm-hiám-chiá, i tī 1540 nî ê sî, kiâⁿ kòe kin-á-ji̍t Mississippi chiu ê tang-pak tē-khu.\n\n1699 nî 4 goe̍h, Hoat-kok ê Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville chhōa-thâu ùi Fort Maurepas kiàn-li̍p siāng chá ê Au-chiu-lâng chng-siā. Kàu 1716 nî ê sî, Hoat-kok-lâng koh tī Mississippi Hô hōaⁿ kiàn-li̍p Fort Rosalie, tio̍h ùi āu--lâi ê Natchez siâⁿ; hit-chūn si tē-hng siāng chú-iàu ê bo̍k-e̍k-chām.\n\nHoat-kok chiong kui-ê léng-thó͘ hō chò \"Sin Hoat-lân-se\"; chóng-sī hit chūn Se-pan-gâ oa-ná chú-tiūⁿ Be̍k-se-ko Oan ê chi̍t kóa pō͘-hūn.\n\n18 sè-kì sî-kî, Se-pan-gâ, Hoat-kok kap Eng-kok lóng tùi tē-hng ū pō͘-hūn ê khòng-chè. Chia ê si̍t-bîn-chiá ia̍h tùi Hui-chiu su-ji̍p lô͘-lē kòe-lâi chò kang. Hoat-kok kap Se-pan-gâ thóng-tī ê só͘-chāi, hoat-tián chhut chi̍t khoán iú-sek chū-iû-lâng (*gens de couleur libres*), in it-poaⁿ sī Au-chiu lâm-sèng kap lô͘-lē lú-sèng ê cho͘-ha̍p, kiam in ê gín-á.\n\nTāi-eng-kok tī Hoat-kok kap Indian Chiàn-cheng (Chhit-nî Chiàn-cheng chi̍t hūn) chiàn-iâⁿ hoat-kok liáu-āu, Hoat-kok keng-kòe 1763 nî ê Pa-lí Tiâu-iok, chiong Mississippi Hô tē-khu, Illinois Kok (*Illinois Country*) kap Quebec niūⁿ hō͘ Eng-kok.\n\nBí-kok Kek-bēng kòe-āu, goân sio̍k Eng-kok ê tē-khu chiō kái sio̍k Bí-kok só͘ niá. 1798 nî 4 goe̍h 7 ji̍t, tùi chá-chêng Georgia kap South Carolina pun chhut--lâi sin-ê Mississippi Léng-thó͘ (*Mississippi Territory*).\n\nTùi 1800 nî kàu 1830 nî chó-iū, Bí-kok tùi chi̍t kóa goân-chū-bîn pō͘-cho̍k bé--lo̍h-lâi chē hūn sin thó͘-tē. 1830 nî 9 goe̍h 27, Bí-kok chèng-hú kap Choctaw pō͘-cho̍k chhiam liáu Dancing Rabbit Creek Tiâu-iok, kî-tiong Choctaw ê lâng tông-ì kā Mississippi kap Alabama kēng-lāi chi̍t kóa thoân-thóng niá-tē bē hō͘ Bí-kok, jî-chhiá sóa khì Indian Léng-thó͘ (āu-lâi ê Oklahoma) ê pó-liû-tē, lâu--lo̍h-lâi ê Choctaw chiō chò Bí-kok kong-bîn.\n\n1861 nî 1 goe̍h 9 ji̍t, Mississippi chiâⁿ chò sī tē-2-ê soaⁿ-pò͘ hûn-lî chhut Liân-pang ê chi̍t chiu, tè-bé lóng-chóng 6 chiu chò-hòe kiàn-li̍p khí America Pang-liân-kok. Chhiau-kòe 8 bān ê Mississippi lâng chham-ka liáu Lōe-chiàn, kàu 1863 nî ê sî, liân-pâng-kun ê Ulysses S. Grant chiong-kun keng-kòe Vicksburg Ûi-siâⁿ-chiàn, khòng-chè liáu Mississippi Hô.\n\n1868 nî, thâu kái ê Mississippi li̍p-hiàn tāi-hōe hoat-khí, che sī thâu chi̍t kái O͘-lâng tāi-piáu thang chham-ka chiu lāi ê chèng-tī cho͘-chit, chóng-sī lāi-bīn ū bōe-chió sī pak-pêng sóa--lâi ê goân chū-iû o͘-lâng, pō͘-hūn khah sī chāi-tē ê chêng lô͘-lē chū-iû-lâng (*freeman*). Keng-kòe chit pái ê hōe-gī, in chhai-ēng liáu phó͘-thong chham-chèng-khoân; kiàn-li̍p kong ha̍k-hāu hē-thóng. 1870 nî 2 goe̍h 23 ê sî, Mississippi chèng-sek tó-tńg Bí-kok liân-pang.\n\nKàu 1900 nî ê sî, o͘-lâng í-keng tī chiu-lāi chiàm pòaⁿ-sò͘ jîn-kháu. Chìn-chêng ê o͘-lâng lông-bîn khai-sí sit-khí ka-tī ê thó͘-tē, choán chò lô-tōng-chiá. 1913 nî chó-iū, khai-sí chiâⁿ bān lâng ê O͘-lâng lî-khui Mississippi hiòng pak-pêng hoat-tián, chit kái ê jîn-kháu sóa tāng hông kiò chò sī Tōa Î-bîn (*Great Migration*), kòe-khì chhan-chhiūⁿ St. Louis, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Philadelphia kap New York téng kang-gia̍p tō͘-chhī thàn-chia̍h. Kàu 1940 nî-tāi kàu 1970 nî-tāi, koh sī Tē-jī-chhù Tōa Î-bîn, beh 50 bān ê lâng lî-khui Mississippi. Pún kái ê î-bîn chin-chē sī hiòng sai-pō͘ te̍k-pia̍t sī California hoat-tián.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nMississippi tī 2015 nî ê GDP sī 105,819 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê sán-gia̍p sī chè-chō-gia̍p.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015\" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 26, 2015. December 26, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê. [*siông-sî bô-hāu liân-kiat*]\n2. ↑ \"Median Annual Household Income\". *The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation*. December 9, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Knob Reset\". *NGS data sheet*. U.S. National Geodetic Survey.\n4. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī October 15, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n6. ↑ \"Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Mississippi\". *Economic Research at the St. Louis Fed (FRED)*. 2016-12-07. 2017-01-10 khòaⁿ--ê.\n7. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"Mississippi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2008,6215,0.3230893000804505],"infobox":["\n
    Mississippi Chiu
    State of Mississippi
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: \"The Magnolia State\", \"The Hospitality State\"
    \nPiau-gí: Virtute et Armis
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Mississippi highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nEng-gí
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nMississippian
    Siú-hú
    (kiam siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī)    		\nJackson
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-32
     • Ha̍p-kè\n48,430 sq mi
    (125,443 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n170 lí (275 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n340 lí (545 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n3%
     • Hūi-tō͘\n30° 12′ N kàu 35° N
     • Keng-tō͘\n88° 06′ W kàu 91° 39′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-32
     • Ha̍p-kè\n2,992,333 (2015 nî ko͘)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n63.5/sq mi  (24.5/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-32
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$40,037 (51st)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nWoodall Soaⁿ
    807 ft (246.0 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n300 ft  (90 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nMexico Oan
    sea level
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nMississippi Léng-thó͘
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\n1817 nî 12 goe̍h 10 ji̍t (tē-20)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nPhil Bryant (R)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nTate Reeves (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nMississippi Li̍p-hoat-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-īⁿ
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-īⁿ
    Chham-gī-goân\n
    \n\n
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n3-ê Kiōng-hô-tóng, 1-ê Bîn-chú-tóng (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \nCentral: UTC −6/−5
    ISO 3166\nUS-MS
    Kán-siá\nMS, Miss.
    Bāng-chām\nwww.ms.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5947}} -{"text":"\n**North Carolina** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu, jîn-kháu tāi-iok ū 8,049,313, pâi-miâ tē 10. I ê siú-hú sī Raleigh, siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Charlotte.\n\nTē-hō-miâ\n---------\n\n\"Carolina\" ji̍t jī sī Eng-lân Ông Charles 2-sè hō--ê, sī beh êng-hián i-ê lāu-pē Charles 1-sè. 1710 nî goân Carolina si̍t-bîn-tē thiah chò nn̄g hūn, *North Carolina* (\"Pak Carolina\") kap *South Carolina* (\"Lâm Carolina\").\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nNorth Carolina ê lâm-pêng sī South Carolina, sai-lâm-pêng sī Georgia, sai-pêng sī Tennessee, pak-pêng sī Virginia, hiòng-tang sī Tāi-se-iûⁿ.\n\nPún chiu ē-tàng hun chò saⁿ-ê chú-iàu ê tē-lí tē-he̍k: Tāi-se-iûⁿ hái-kîⁿ pêⁿ-po͘ sī chiàm tī tang-pō͘; tiong-ion Piedmont tē-he̍k, kap sai-pêng sǹg Appalachia Soaⁿ-tē chi̍t hūn ê Soaⁿ-tē tē-he̍k. Hái-kîⁿ pêⁿ-po͘ tē-hng koh hâm Outer Banks, sī chi̍t lia̍t kīn-hái ê khun-sin khoán tó-sū (*barrier island*), Tidewater khu, kap lio̍k-tē pêⁿ-po͘.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nChiu lāi óa tiong-lâm-pō͘ ê Hardway Tē-tiám (*Hardaway Site*), sī tī North Carolina hông hoat-kiàn siāng chá jîn-lūi chng-siā. In só͘ sio̍k ê sî-kan khó-lêng sī 1 bān tang chêng. Tùi Chêng 1000 nî kàu Au-chiu-lâng lâi kàu chìn-chêng, chi̍t ūi sī sio̍k tī khó-kó͘-ha̍k siōng só͘ hō ê Woodland sî-kî, tong-sî í-keng ū ún-tēng ê lông-gia̍p.\n\nSiāng chá ji̍p North Carolina ê Au-chiu thàm-hiám-chiá khó-lêng sī 1524 nî Giovanni da Verrazzano chhōa-thâu--ê. I sī Hoat-kok siong-gia̍p-chiá chhiàn ê Italia Firenze ê lâng, tong-sî sī phài i chhōe thàng hiòng Lyon siâⁿ ê chhâm-si liāu bō͘-e̍k lō͘-sòaⁿ. Kàu 1526 nî ê sî, koh ū Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón niá-chhōa ê Se-pan-gâ si̍t-bîn-chiá tùi Hispaniola kòe-khì, tī in só͘ hō ê \"Jordan Hô\" (*Rio Jordan*, khó-lêng sī kin-á-ji̍t Cape Fear Hô) hái-kháu chiūⁿ hōaⁿ. In chi̍t chiah chûn chiūⁿ-lòa chō-sêng bē-chió sún-sit, tè-bé si̍t-bîn sit-pāi.\n\nEng-kok lâng tī Pak Bí-chiu siāng chá chi̍t kái kiàn-li̍p ê si̍t-bîn-tē ê chhì-hiám sī tī 1584 nî khai-sait ê Roanoke Si̍t-bîn-tē, sī Walter Raleigh chhōa-thâu tī Roanoke Tó kiàn-li̍p--ê, kòe bô lōa kú koh chiō hông hòe-khì. 1587 nî, sin chi̍t kái chûn-tūi koh tī chia têng-sin kiàn-siat si̍t-bîn-tē. Siū tio̍h Se-pan-gâ Chiàn-cheng ê éng-hióng, Eng-lân kòe kàu 1590 nî khah thang chài-chhù chiap-chhiok Roanoke, m̄-koh hit chūn hoat-kiàn chit ūi í-keng hông koh chi̍t pái hông hòe-khì.\n\n1629 nî, Eng-lân ê si̍t-bîn-tē Carolina Séng (*Province of Carolina*) sêng-li̍p. 1650 nî-tāi kàu 1660 nî-tāi chi kan, Eng-lân-lâng ûi chú ê chi̍t kóa khui-khún-chiá tùi Virginia sóa kòe North Carolina tē-khu. 1729 nî, North Carolina kái chò ông-niá si̍t-bîn-tē (*crown colony*).\n\n1776 nî 4 goe̍h 12 ji̍t, North Carolina piàn chò sī thâu-chi̍t-ê khak-tēng tāi-piáu tī Tāi-lio̍k Hōe-gī tâu-phiò chi-chhî tùi Eng-kok Ông-khoân to̍k-li̍p ê si̍t-bîn-tē. Tong-sî in sī keng-kòe North Carolina Séng-gī-hōe (*North Carolina Provincial Congress*) ê Halifax Koat-gī (*Halifax Resolves*) só͘ chò ê koat-tēng.\n\n1836 nî 10 goe̍h 25 ji̍t, Wilmington kap Raleigh Thih-lō͘ khai-sí kiàn-siat, liân-chiap Wilmington kap chiu-hú Raleigh.\n\nTī 1860 nî ê sî, North Carolina iáu sī lô͘-lē chiu-hūn chi it, chiu lāi ū saⁿ hun it ê jîn-khái sī lô͘-lē, kap lâm-hng kok chiu pí-kàu sǹg sī khah chió--ê. North Carolina goân-lâi bô ka-ji̍p Pang-lân-kok, sī Bí-kok Chóng-thóng Abraham Lincoln phài kun ji̍p-chhim South Carolina í-āu, in chiah chèng-sek ka-ji̍p Pang-liân. North Carolina ū chió kái ê chiàn-tò͘, chóng-sī thê-kiong Pang-liân chhiau-kòe 125,000 lâng ê peng-á, tāi-iok ū 40,000 ê kun-jîn sí-bông, lāi-bīn chhiau-kòe pòaⁿ-sò͘ sī phòa-pēⁿ sí--ê.\n\n1903 nî 12 goe̍h 17, Wright hiaⁿ-tī tī North Carolina ê Kitty Hawk chè-chok chhut thâu chi̍t chiah sêng-kong poe-hêng ê hui-hêng-ki.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nNorth Carolina tī 2015 nî ê GDP sī 495,402 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sī sió-bē-gia̍p (*retail trade*) sán-gia̍p.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"State language\". *Ncga.state.nc.cus*. p. § 145-12. May 23, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê. (a)Purpose. English is the common language of the people of the United States of America and the State of North Carolina. This section is intended to preserve, protect and strengthen the English language, and not to supersede any of the rights guaranteed to the people by the Constitution of the United States or the Constitution of North Carolina. (b) English as the Official Language of North Carolina. English is the official language of the State of North Carolina. [*biân-uán bô-hāu liân-kiat*]\n2. ↑ \"North Carolina\". Modern Language Association. August 11, 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"North Carolina Climate and Geography\". *NC Kids Page*. North Carolina Department of the Secretary of State. May 8, 2006. November 7, 2006 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"2016 Population Estimates\". U.S. Census Bureau. August 28, 2017. August 28, 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"Median Annual Household Income\". *The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation*. December 8, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. 1 2 . United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī October 15, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter `|ihuhngdzz\njhcssazlm b title=` ignored (help); Missing or empty `|title=` (help)\n7. ↑ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n8. ↑ \"Total Gross Domestic Product by State for North Carolina\". *Economic Research at the St. Louis Fed (FRED)*. 2016-12-07. 2017-01-10 khòaⁿ--ê.\n9. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"North Carolina","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2701,6350,0.4253543307086614],"infobox":["\n
    North Carolina Chiu
    State of North Carolina
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: Old North State; Tar Heel State
    \nPiau-gí: Esse quam videri: \"To be, rather than to seem\" (official); First in Flight: First in Freedom
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with North Carolina highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nEng-gí
    Liû-thong gí-giân\n

    2000 nî ê sî

    \n
    • English 90.70%
      • \n
    • Spanish 6.18%
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nNorth Carolinian (official);
    Tar Heel (colloquial)
    Siú-hú\nRaleigh
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nCharlotte
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nCharlotte metro area
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-28
     • Ha̍p-kè\n53,819 sq mi
    (139,390 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n170 lí (261 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n560 lí (901 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n9.5
     • Hūi-tō͘\n33° 50′ N to 36° 35′ N
     • Keng-tō͘\n75° 28′ W to 84° 19′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-9
     • Ha̍p-kè\n10,146,788 (2016 est.)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n208.7/sq mi  (80.6/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-15
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$50,797 (tē-38)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nMount Mitchell
    6,684 ft (2037 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n700 ft  (210 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nTāi-se-iûⁿ
    sea level
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nNorth Carolina Séng
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\nNovember 21, 1789 (tē-12)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nRoy Cooper (D)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nDan Forest (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nGeneral Assembly
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nSenate
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nHouse of Representatives
    Chham-gī-goân\nRichard Burr (R)
    Thom Tillis (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n10 Republicans
    3 Democrats (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \nEastern: UTC -5/-4
    ISO 3166\nUS-NC
    Kán-siá\nNC, N.C.
    Bāng-chām\nwww.nc.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5996}} -{"text":"\n**South Dakota** sī Bí-kok tiong-se-pō͘ ê chi̍t-ê chiu, jîn-kháu tāi-iok ū 781,919, pâi-miâ tē 46. I ê siú-hú sī Pierre, siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Sioux Falls.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nSouth Dakota ūi tī leh Bí-kok tiong-pak-pêng, chiàu Bí-kok Phó͘-cha Kio̍k koàn-sì sī hun tī Tiong-sai-pō͘ (*Midwest*); lēng-gōa i mā sǹg tī Tōa Pêng-goân tē-khu. \n\nChiu lāi siōng koân ê soaⁿ sī Harney Peak, ū 2,207 m koân, nā siōng kē ê tē-tiám sī tī Big Stong Ô͘ sì-ûi, koân 294 m. Kui chiu chóng biān-chek ū 188,730 km2, choân-kok pâi 17-miâ.\n\nTī pún chiu pak-pêng sī North Dakota, lâm-pêng sī Nebraska, tang-pêng sī Iowa kap Minnesota, sai-pêng ū Wyoming kap Montana. Bí-kok ê tē-lí tiong-sim (hâm Hawaii kap Alaska lâi sǹg), sī tī Butte Kūn ê Belle Fourche.\n\n### Seng-thài\n\nTōa-pō͘-hūn South Dakota lóng sī ūn-tāi ê chháu-goân seng-bu̍t-siōng. Tōa-pō͘-hūn thó͘-tē sī chháu-po͘ he̍k-chiá chok-bu̍t, nā óa hô-piⁿ, ū 1 kóa nâ-á tē. Pún chiu chú-iàu ê iá-seng tōng-bu̍t ū bison (1 lūi iá-gû), lo̍k-á, pronghorn (chap-kīn lo̍k ê tōng-bu̍t), Coyote (1 khóan lông) koh ū chháu-po͘-káu (*prairie dog*, beh sêng phòng-chhí ê tōng-bu̍t) téng-téng.\n\nSiū koân-tō͘ chhām kàng-chúi éng-hióng, Black Hills kap pêng-goân tē-khu khah bô-kâng.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSiāng chá South Dakota tùi tāi-khài chêng 5000 nî chiō ū lâng khiā-khí. Kong-goân 500 kàu 800 nî kan, tōa-hūn tang-pō͘ ê South Dakota tòa chi̍t kûn kiò Thô͘-tun Chō-chok-chiá (*Mound Builders*) ê bûn-hòa. In ū tun thô͘-tun ê koàn-sì, chi̍t pō͘-hūn tī oa̍h Big Siou Hô kap Big Stone Ô͘ hū-kīn, tī khah tang-pō mā ū in ê ûi-chek. \n\nKarl Bodmer tī 19 sè-kí só͘ ōe ê Arikara chiàn-sū.\nKàu 1250 nî kap 1400 nî tiong-ng, khó-lêng sī kin-á-ji̍t North Dakota Mandan pō͘-lo̍k ê chó͘-sian, lâi kàu South Dakota oa̍h-tāng. Tī 1325 nî, kun-kù khó-kó͘ chèng-kù, tī Chamberlain siâⁿ hū-kīn hoat-seng Crow Creek Chám-àn (Crow Creek Massacre), ū 486-ê kut-hâi hong hoat-kìⁿ.\n\n16 sè-kí sî, lâm-pō͘ lâi liáu Arikara pō͘-lo̍k, kap hū-kīn cho̍k-kûn pí--khì-lâi, in khiā-khí ê só͘-chāi khah kò͘-tēng-ūi, tû-liáu phah-la̍h ū choh-sit, lēng-goa mā kap gōa-pō͘ ū seng-lí koan-hē. In-ê kok chng-thâu ū chū-chú ê chèng-tī. Kàu 17 sè-kí, Arikara ê sè-le̍k lâi kàu siōng kiông ê sî-tāi, m̄-koh kòe liáu 18 sè-kí, in í-keng ha̍p ji̍p pak-pêng ê Mandan lâng.\n\nKàu 19 sè-kí ê sî, chú-iàu chi-phòe pún tē-khu ê cho̍k-kûn piàn chò Sioux cho̍k ê lâng. 1803 nî, Bí-kok hiòng Hoat-kok siu-bé liáu Louisiana léng-thó͘, lāi-bīn pau-koat tōa-hūn kin-á-ji̍t ê South Dakota. Liáu-āu, chóng-thóng Thomas Jefferson phài chhut Lewis kap Clark thám-hiám-tūi (*Lewis and Clark Expedition*) khí thàm-chhâ sin léng-thó͘.\n\n1817 nî, Bí-kok-lâng tī kin-á-ji̍t Fort Pierre khai-siat mô͘-phôe kau-e̍k-chām. Kàu 1850 nî-tāi, Bí-kok kap Au-chiu tùi chit ūi ê khai-hoat khoài-sok chin-ka. 1958 nî, Dakota-lâng tiong ê Yankton Sioux pō͘-lo̍k chiam-iok, kā tōa-hūn kin-á-ji̍t ê South Dakota koah hō͘ Bí-kok.\n\nKhai-hoat thó͘-tē ê seng-lí-lâng kiàn-li̍p liáu kin-á-ji̍t South Dakota tang-pêng ê nn̄g tōa tō͘-chī, iah chio̍h sī 1856 nî ê Sioux Falls kap 1859 nî ê Yankton. 1861 nî sî, Dakota Léng-thó͘ (*Dakota Territory*) sêng-li̍p, pau-koat hiān-sî North Dakota kap South Dakota, koh ū chi̍t pō͘-hūn ê Montana kap Wyoming. Liáu-āu, iû-kî kòe 1873 nî thin-lō͘ liân thàng kah Yankton, tùi Bí-kok tang-pō͘ kap Au-chiu ê î-bîn chin-ka khoài-kín.\n\n1868 nî, Bí-kok chhiam-liáu Laramie Tiâu-iok (Treaty of Laramie), kā South Dakota se pòaⁿ pêng pun hō͘ Sioux lâng. M̄-koh 1874 nî, George A. Custer chhōa-tūi thàm-chhâ ê sî, tī Black Hills hoat-kiàn n̂g-kim, chō-sêng chin chē hui-hoat chhái-ku̍t ê lâng nǹg ji̍p pún-tē. Āu-bóe Sioux kap Bí-kok hoat-seng chiàn-cheng jî-chhiá Bí-kok chiàn iâⁿ. Kiat-kó Sioux lâng ê Tōa Sioux Pó-liû-khu (Great Sioux Reservation) hong thiah chò 5 hūn, koh kā Lakota lâng sóa lâi chia.\n\n1889 nî 11 goe̍h chhe 2, chóng-thóng Benjamin Harrison chhiam-sú kong-kò, chiap-siū Dakota hun chò South kap North Dakota ka-ji̍p liân-pang.\n\n1890 nî 12 goe̍h, Pine Ridge Indian Pó-liû-khu (*Pine Ridge Indian Reservation*) hoat-seng Wounded Knee Chhám-àn (Wounded Knee Massacre), sī Bí-kok kap Lakota Sioux Kok (*Lakota Sioux Nation*) ê chhiong-tu̍t, chō-sêng gín-á chāi-lāi siōng-bô 146-ê lâng sí, Bí-kok kun-jîn mā ū 31 lâng chiàn-sí.\n\n1930 nî-tāi, keng-chè ê bái kéng-khì kap khì-hāu put-sūn tùi South Dakota chō-sêng put-sió ê siong-hāi. Chit tōaⁿ khiàm hō͘-chúi koh ūn-tō͘ kòe koân ê chai-hāi hong kiò chò Thàu Tîn-bū (*Dust Bowl*), chhim-hāi liáu pún chiu kap hū-kīn só͘-chāi. Āu-bóe koh tú tio̍h Tōa Siau-tiâu, chō-sêng jîn-kháu chhut-cháu, tùi 1930 nî kàu 1940 nî kan kàng liáu 7%.\n\n1941 nî, Bí-kok ka-ji̍p Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn, soah hō͘ keng-chè khoe-ho̍k ún-tēng, hit tong-sî lông-sán kap kang-sán lóng siū chiàn-cheng tōng-goân. 1944 nî, in thong-kòe Pick–Sloan Kè-ōe (Pick–Sloan Plan), sī Bí-kok tong-nî Tōa-chúi Khòng-chè Hoat-àn (Flood Control Act) kî-tiong chi̍t hāng. Kè-ōe tī Missouri Hô téng kiàn-siat 6-chō chúi-pà, kî-tiong 4-chō sǹg sī siat tī South Dakota chiu lāi.\n\nTùi 1960 nî khai-siat khòa-chiu ê kong-lō͘ liáu-āu, South Dakota hoat-tián liáu koan-kong-gia̍p. Kim-iông ho̍k-bū mā khai-sí khí-heng, pí-lūn Citibank tī 1981 nî kā in sìn-iōng-khá pō͘-mn̂g lâi Sioux Falls.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nSouth Dakota tī 2014 nî ê GDP sī 45,867 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Hiān-sî pún chiu siōng tōa ê keng-chè lūi-hêng sī ho̍k-bū-gia̍p, pau-koat sió-bē, kim-hiông kap khiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ téng-téng. Bí-kok ê tōa gîn-hâng Citibank tī 1981 nî ùi chia siat-liáu choân-kok-sèng tāi-chì chhú-lí ê pō͘-mn̂g.\n\nLông-gia̍p khah-chá chio̍h sī chia ê chú-iàu sán-gia̍p, kàu kin-á-ji̍t óa-ná tùi keng-chè chin ū kòng-hiān. In siōng ū kè-ta̍t ê lông-sán-phín ū gû-á, ti-á, hoan-be̍h, tōa-tāu, tōa-be̍h.\n\nChiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (*health care and social assistance*) sán-gia̍p.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"South Dakota Codified Laws (1–27–20)\". South Dakota State Legislature. January 19, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"State Area Measurements (2010)\". U.S. Census. March 26, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015\" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 26, 2015. December 26, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"Black Elk Peak\". *NGS data sheet*. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. 13 August 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. January 19, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. 1 2 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n7. ↑ Total Gross Domestic Product by State for South Dakota, FRED.\n8. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"South Dakota","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1982,7541,0.2628298634133404],"infobox":["\n
    State of South Dakota
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: The Mount Rushmore State (koan-hong)
    \nPiau-gí: Under God the people rule
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with South Dakota highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nEng-gí
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nSouth Dakotan
    Siú-hú\nPierre
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nSioux Falls
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nSioux Falls metropolitan area
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-17
     • Ha̍p-kè\n78,116 sq mi
    (199,729 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n210 lí (340 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n380 lí (610 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n1.7
     • Hūi-tō͘\n42° 29′ N to 45° 56′ N
     • Keng-tō͘\n96° 26′ W to 104° 03′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-46
     • Ha̍p-kè\n865,454 (2016 est)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n11.08/sq mi  (4.33/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-46
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nBlack Elk Peak
    7,244 ft (2208 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n2,200 ft  (670 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nBig Stone Lake (tī Minnesota pian-kài)
    968 ft (295 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nDakota Territory
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\nNovember 2, 1889 (40th)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nDennis Daugaard (R)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nMatt Michels (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nSouth Dakota Legislature
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nSenate
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nHouse of Representatives
    Chham-gī-goân\nJohn Thune (R)
    Mike Rounds (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\nKristi Noem (R) (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \n 
     • tâng-pòaⁿ-pêng\nCentral: UTC -6/-5
     • sai-pòaⁿ-pêng\nMountain: UTC -7/-6
    ISO 3166\nUS-SD
    Kán-siá\nSD,
    Bāng-chām\nwww.sd.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7521}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Sè-khún |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Toā-tn̂g-khún *Escherichia coli* |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n| He̍k: | **Bacteria** |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g |\n| Acidobacteria\nActinobacteria\nAquificae\nBacteroidetes\nChlamydiae\nChlorobi\nChloroflexi\nChrysiogenetes\nCyanobacteria\nDeferribacteres\nDeinococcus-Thermus\nDictyoglomi\nFibrobacteres\nFirmicutes\nFusobacteria\nGemmatimonadetes\nNitrospirae\nPlanctomycetes\nProteobacteria\nSpirochaetes\nThermodesulfobacteria\nThermomicrobia\nThermotogae\nVerrucomicrobia |\n\n**Sè-khún** (細菌; *bacterium*; ba̋i-kín) sī sò·-bo̍k chìam chiok-chē ê iú-ki-thé. Sè-khún pī the̍h-lâi chí-chheng prokaryotes he̍k eubacteria sīm-chí pau-koah Archaea. Chia, sè-khún kan-taⁿ kóng-sī eubacteria. Gián-kiù sè-khún ê ha̍k-būm kìo-chò sè-khún-ha̍k, sī bî-seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê kî-tiong chi̍t pō·-mn̂g. \n\nSè-khún sī só·-ū seng-bu̍t lāi-té sò·-liōng siāng-chē ê. In kóng-hoat chûn-chāi tī thô·-bah, chúi ê khoân-kéng, koh kah kî-thaⁿ seng-bu̍t kiōng-seng (symbiosis). Chiok-chē pēⁿ-goân-thé sī sè-khún. Sè-khún ê hêng-thé chiâⁿ-sè, éng-éng kan-taⁿ 0.5 kàu 5.0 μm hiah-tōa, sui-bóng ū-ê khah-tōa chhiūⁿ Thiomargarita namibiensis kap Epulopiscium fishelsoni ē tōa-kàu chhiau-kòe 0.5 mm. In it-poaⁿ ū sè-pau-piah, chhiūⁿ si̍t-bu̍t kap ko͘ hit-khoán, m̄-koh, sè-khún ê sè-pau-piah chèng-siông sī peptidoglycan só· kò·-sêng, m̄-sī cellulose (tī si̍t-bu̍t), ia̍h-m̄-sī chitin (tī *fungus*), kah eukaryote ê sè-pau-piah mā-m̄-sī sio-kâng-goân-thâu ê. Chiâⁿ-chē ē ēng flagellum lâi sóa-tín-tang, m̄-koh in ê kò·-chō kah kî-thaⁿ seng-bu̍t ê bô-kâng.\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* On-line text book on bacteriology (2015)","meta":{"title":"Sè-khún","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[432,1501,0.28780812791472354],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1883}} -{"text":"\n**Ph (jī-ha̍p jī-bió [en])** (sió-siá: **ph**) sī tsi̍t-ê jī-ha̍p jī-bó, tāi-piáu /f/ hi̍k-tsiá /p/ ê sàng-khì-im [en] /pʰ/; teh lating gú-giân lāi-té, /ph/ iōng-teh tsioh-lâi ê sû-gú; thong-siông guân-tsū elláda-gú. Kóo elláda-gú ê jī-bó /phi/ ⟨Φ, φ⟩, siōng-tāi-sing piáu-sī /pʰ/ (sàng-khì [en] ê /p/ im), in-tshú hông tsuán-lio̍k lating tsiànn-jī-huat ⟨Ph⟩, tsit-ê kuàn-lē hông tsuán-î kàu kî-thann tsi̍t-kuá ê Se-au gú-giân. ⟨φ⟩ ê elláda-gú huat-im āu-lâi kái-tsò /f/, tse mā-sī kî-thann gú-giân tang-tiong siong-kuan tsioh-sû ê huat-im.\n\nIm-ti̍k piáu-sī\n---------------\n\nIt-puann piáu-sī tshing siang-tûn sat-im ê sàng-khì-im [en] /pʰ/.\n\nKok-tsióng gú-giân ê piáu-sī\n----------------------------\n\nTeh huat-gú, ing-gú, uile̍ksū-gú hām kî-thann ìn-Au gí-hē lāi-té, jī-ha̍p jī-bó ⟨ph⟩ thong-siông piáu-sī hú-im [f]. Teh ing-gú lāi-té, ph tāi-piáu /f/, pí-jū /symphony/. lē-guā siōng, teh ing-gú lāi-té, ⟨ph⟩ tāi-piáu Stephen miâ-jī tang-tiong ê /v/ í-kip tsi̍t-kuá-á kóng-uē ê lâng tuì /nephew/ ê huat-im.\n\nTeh tik-gú lāi-té, iōng-teh elláda-gú gú-guân-sû, tāi-piáu /f/, pí-jū /symphonie/. Teh huat-gú lāi-té, tāi-piáu /f/, pí-jū /phonétique/. Tī 1990-nî huat-gú ping-siá king-tsìng ê sî-tsūn, /nénuphar/ (water lily) it-sû hông king-tsìng tsò /nénufar/, sit-khì jī-ha̍p jī-bó \"ph\", in-uī ph lâi-tsū huán-bûn huân-gú m̄-ko m̄-sī Elláda-gú. In-uī /nénuphar/ it-sû ê ping-siá lâi-tsū tān-sû /nymphe/ sóo hîng-sîng ê tshò-ngōo ping-siá siong-kuan. Ph (sió-siá: ph), sī uile̍ksū-gú jī-bó lāi-té ê tē-20 ê jī-bó. Ph sī tsi̍t-ê hù-im, ph ê huat-im sī [f]. Ph tsok-uî hù-im tshut-hiān teh tān-sû ê khui-thâu, pí-jū 'Pheniciaid', tsok-uî jī-bó /p/ ê iân-sin jī-hîng; pí-jū 'a phobl' (pobl) tíng-tíng.\n\nTeh Indo-Aryan lgú-giân [en] ê lating jī-bió ping-siá tang-tiong, jī-ha̍p jī-bó \"ph\" thong-siông piáu-sī sàng-khì hù-im [en] [pʰ]. Teh ua̍tlâm-gú lāi-té, ph tāi-piáu /pʰ/, m̄-ku ū-tang-sî-á mā-ē tha̍k-tsò /f/. Teh tâi-lô ping-im í-kip pe̍h-uē-jī lāi-té, tāi-piáu tshing siang-tûn sat-im ê sàng-khì-im [en] /pʰ/, pí-jū /pho/.\n\nKè-sǹg-ki tāi-bé\n----------------\n\nPh (jī-ha̍p jī-bió [en]) ē-tàng iōng i-hā ê Unicode jī-hû piáu-sī:\n\n* jī-bió kiat-kòo hun-kái (ki-pún lating jī-bió, piàn-im hû-hō):\n\n| Hîng-sik | Jī-bú | Jī-hû ket-kòo | 16 tsìn-tsè tāi-bé | Suat-bîng | Pī-tsù |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Tuā-siá | **Ph** | PU+0050◌hU+0068 | `U+0050, U+0068` | Lating tuā-siá jī-bó ⟨P⟩ka-siōng latin sió-siá jī-bó ⟨h⟩ | |\n| Sió-siá | **ph** | pU+0070◌hU+0068 | `U+0070, U+0068` | Lating sió-siá jī-bó ⟨p⟩ka-siōng latin sió-siá jī-bó ⟨h⟩ | |\n|\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 3 台語字第0950151609號公告，《臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案 Archived 2011-07-28 at the Wayback Machine.》，中華民國教育部，2006年10月14日. (Hàn-gí)\n2. ↑ Соболевский С. И. Учебник латинского языка / С. И. Соболевский. — М.: Издательство литературы на иностранных языках, 1953. — 9 с. (Gô-gú)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Sàng-khì hù-im [en] (sàng-khì-im/Aspirated consonant)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* ScriptSource - LATIN CAPITAL LETTER (P), SMALL LETTER (h) (Eng-gí)\n* ScriptSource - LATIN SMALL LETTER (ph) (Eng-gí)\n* 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典--聲母索引--聲母ph (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Ph (jī-ha̍p jī-bió)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1345,3412,0.39419695193434934],"infobox":["
    Ph (jī-ha̍p jī-bió)
    \nPh ph
    Sú-iōng huat
    Su-siá hē-thóng\nLating jī-bió
    Luī-hîng\nJī-bó
    Gú-im sú-iōng\nIt-puann piáu-sī tshing siang-tûn sat-im ê sàng-khì-im [en] /pʰ/.
    Unicode bé-uī\n(U+0050, U+0068);
     (U+0070, U+0068)
    Li̍k-sú
    Huat-tén\n
    • Ph ph
    Kî-thañ
    \nPún-bûn pau-kuah IPA gú-im hû-hō. Bô sik-tong ê nńg-ngē-thé ê tsi-uān, lí khó-lîng ē khuàñ-tio̍h gue̍h-bâi, tuāñ-lo̍h hû-hō, ia̍h-sī kî-thañ ê hû-hō, ten-tò m̄ sī Unicode ê dzī-hû. İú-kuan IPA hû-hō ê dzı̽p-mn̂g tsí-lâm, tshiáñ tsham-ua̍t Pang-tsān:IPA.
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3571}} -{"text":"\n**Chicago kî-huè kau-i̍k-sóo** (ing-gú: Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT)) sîng-li̍p tī 1848-nî 4-gue̍h 3-ji̍t, sī sè-kài siōng siong kóo-ló ê kî-huè kah kî-kuân kau-i̍k-sóo [en] tsi-it. 2007-nî 7-gue̍h 12-ji̍t, Bí-kok CBOT kah Chicago siong-phín kau-i̍k-sóo [en] (Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME)) ha̍p-pìng sîng-li̍p CME tsi̍p-thuân. CBOT kah kî-thann sann-ê kau-i̍k-sóo (CME, NYMEX kah COMEX) tsit-má tsò-uî CME tsi̍p-thuân ê tsí-tīng ha̍p-iok tshī-tiûnn (DCM) îng-ūn.\n\nLi̍k-sú\n-------\n\nMen working the floor at the Chicago Board of Trade as photographed by Stanley Kubrick for *Look* magazine in 1949\nTrading floor at the Chicago Board of Trade in 1993\nBí-kok sing-lí-lâng tuì khak-pósiong-phín ū ti̍k-tshiú hām thiàu-tshiú ê tam-iu tì-sú bé-bē siong-phín ê uán-kî ha̍p-iok. Sui-bóng lû-tshú, sìn-iōng hong-hiám iû-uân sī tsi̍t-ê giâm-tiōng ê būn-tê. CBOT ê hîng-sîng thê-kiong tsi̍t-ê tsi̍p-tiong ê tē-tiám, bé-bē siang-hong ē-tàng teh tsiah huē-bīn í-lâi hia̍p-siong kah tsìng-sik tshiam-tīnguán-kîb khè-iok. Tī 1848 nî-tshoo, Thomas Richmond hām W. L. Whiting tō uī-tio̍h kiàn-li̍p bōo-i̍kuí-uân-huē ê sik-tòng-sìng tsìn-hîng thó-lūn; tì-sú 3-gue̍h 13-ji̍t ê sing-lí-lâng hām sing-lí-lâng ê huē-bīn tsi-tshî kiàn-li̍p bōo-i̍k uí-uân-huē, pīng-tshiánn tsuè-āu thong-kuè kiàn-li̍p bōo-i̍k uí-guân-huē kah tsè-tīng hiàn-huat ê kuat-gī. Jiân-āu, tsi̍t-ê uí-guân-huē tsè-tīng liáu tsiong-tîng; pīng-tshiánn tī 4-gue̍h ê tē-it lé-pài-it iû bōo-i̍k uí-guân-huē ê 82 miâ tsiong-tîng sîng-guân thong-kuè.\n\n1864-nî, CBOT lia̍t-tshut iú-sú í-lâi tē-it ê piau-tsún-huà ê \"kau-i̍k-sóo kau-i̍k\" uán-kî ha̍p-iok, kiò-tsò kî-huè ha̍p-iok. Tī 1919-nî, Chicago n̂g-iû kah ke-nn̄g uí-guân-huē tiông-tsoo tsò CBOT ê ián-sing sán-phín, í-sú huē-guân kau-i̍k-guân ē-sáitsìn-hîng bī-lâi ê kau-i̍k; pīng-tshiánn kā i-ê bîng-tshing king-kái tsò Chicago siong-phín kau-i̍k-sóo (CME). Táng-sū-huē tuì kau-i̍k sî-kan í-guā ê jīm-hô kè-siàu ê kau-i̍k hān-tsè, tì-sú tī 1917-nî \"Chicago bōo-i̍k uí-uân-huē sòo Bí-kok àn\", teh tsit-ê án-kiānn tang-tiong, Bí-kok tsuè-ko huat-īnn tshâi-tīng 1890-nî ê Sherman huán-trust huat kìm-tsí \"muí tsi̍t-ê ha̍p-tông……hān-tsè bōo-i̍k\" bô ing-kai uì jī-bīn siōng lai lí-kái; tian-tò lâi-kóng ing-kai kin-kì \"lí-sìng kui-tsik\" lâi kái-sueh.\n\nTī 2005-nî 10-gue̍h 19-ji̍t, 3,191,489 kóo CBOT ê kóo-phiò ê thâu-tsi̍t-pái kong-khai huat-hîng (IPO) tīng-kè muí-kóo 54.00 bí-guân. Teh kau-i̍k ê tē-it kang, tsit-ê kóo-phiò teh Nrw York tsìng-kuàn kau-i̍k-sóo ê siu-puânn kè uî 80.50 bi-guân, tiòng-kuâinn 49%. Tī 2007-nî, CBOT hām Chicago siong-phín kau-i̍k-sóo ha̍p-pìng tsoo-sîng CME tsi̍p-thuân.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Siler, Julia Flynn (1989-02-21). \"At Chicago Boards, Styles Differ\". *The New York Times* (ēng Eng-gí). ISSN 0362-4331. 2020-02-24 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"Futures & Options Trading for Risk Management\". CME Group. 2012-09-24. 2012-10-02 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ Taylor, Charles Henry (1917). \"History of the Board of Trade of the city of Chicago\". Robert O. Law Company. pp. 135–137. July 4, 2020 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"Futures & Options Trading for Risk Management – CME Group\". Cme.com. 2012-09-24. 2012-10-02 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* Durica, Dr. Michael (2006). Product Development for Electronic Derivative Exchanges: The case of the German ifo business climate index as underlying for exchange traded derivatives to hedge business cycle risk. Pro Business. Berlin. ISBN 3-939533-05-X. (Eng-gí)\n* Ryan, Oliver (Nov. 14, 2005). \"Chicago's Making A Contracts Killing\". *FORTUNE*, p. 22. (Eng-gí)\n\nÊn-sin ua̍t-to̍k\n----------------\n\n* Emily Lambert (2011). *The Futures: The Rise of the Speculator and the Origins of the World's Biggest Markets*. Basic Books.  (Eng-gí)\n* Erika Olson (2011). *Zero-Sum Game: The Rise of the World's Largest Derivatives Exchange*. John Wiley & Sons.  (Eng-gí)\n* *Leg the Spread: A Woman's Adventures Inside the Trillion-Dollar Boys' Club of Commodities Trading* by Cari Lynn (Random House/Broadway Books) (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Chicago Board of Trade Independent Battery Light Artillery\n* Commodity Exchange Act\n* Horatio G. Loomis\n* List of futures exchanges\n* List of traded commodities\n* New York Mercantile Exchange\n* Board of Trade of City of Chicago v. Olsen 262 U.S. 1 (1923)\n* Chicago Board of Trade v. Christie Grain 198 U.S. 236 (1905)\n* Gōa-kok kóng-pò sìn-sit ho̍k-bū\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Chicago Board of Trade\n* Interior Tour of the Chicago Board of Trade: Inside Chicago Walking Tours Archived 2022-04-08 at the Wayback Machine.\n* The CME Group Collections at University of Illinois at Chicago\n* TradingPitHistory.com Archived 2022-12-18 at the Wayback Machine. A website to preserve the trading pit hand signals used at CBOT\n* Chicago Board of Trade Membership overwhelmingly approves restructuring\n* CME Group\n* Commodities Trader at the Chicago Board of Trade\n* News on the Merger: Chicago bulls\n\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 124855845\n* LCCN: n78088945\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2151 0243\n* SUDOC: 033113203\n* BNF: cb12401256j (data)\n* NKC: ko2010567398\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Chicago kî-hòe kau-e̍k-só͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2029,4646,0.436719758932415],"infobox":["
    Chicago kî-huè kau-i̍k-sóo
    \n
    Type\nTsí kong-si [en]
    Founded\n1848 4-gue̍h 3
    Owner\nCME Group [en]
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5501}} -{"text":"tóng-àn:OC Central Weather Bureau.svgTiong-iong Khì-siōng-sú ê phiau-chì\nTiong-iong Khì-siōng-sú pún-pō͘\n**Tiong-iong Khì-siōng-sú** (中央氣象署) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú ê khì-siōng choan-chek ki-koan, lē-sio̍k tī Kau-thong-pō͘, hū-chek khì-siōng koan-chek kap ī-pò gia̍p-bū, pau-hâm thiⁿ-khì, tē-tāng, hái-siōng, thian-bûn téng tē-kiû kho-ha̍k hāng-bo̍k, bo̍k-chiân iā sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok ûi-it koaⁿ-hong ê khì-siōng ī-pò, chai-hāi-sèng thiⁿ-khì te̍k-pò (hong-thai kéng-pò, hô-ú te̍k-pò, kiông-hong te̍k-pò, kē-un te̍k-pò téng) kap tē-tāng pò-kò ê hoat-pò͘ tan-ūi.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* **Tiong-iong Khì-siōng-sú** tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn.\n* Kau-thong-pō͘ Tiong-iong Khì-siōng-sú\n* Kau-thong-pō͘ Tiong-iong Khì-siōng-sú Lâm-pō͘ Khì-siōng Ho̍k-bū Archived 2023-09-15 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Pò thiⁿ-khì ê Facebook choan-ia̍h\n* Pò tē-tāng ê Facebook choan-ia̍h\n* YouTube YouTube téng ê **Tiong-iong Khì-siōng-sú** pîn-tō","meta":{"title":"Tiong-iong Khì-siōng-sú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[331,931,0.35553168635875404],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1091}} -{"text":"\n**Arkansas** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. I ê siú-hú kap siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Little Rock.\n\nArkansas tī 1832 nî ka-ji̍p Bí-kok Liân-pang, chiân-chó Bí-kok tē 25-ê chiu.\n\nTē-hō-miâ\n---------\n\n*Arkansas* chit-ê miâ ê gí-goân kap lēng-gōa chi̍t chiu Kansas ū kâng-khoán ê sêng-hun, lóng sī tùi Kansa pō͘-cho̍k hō--lâi. *Arkansas* pún-sin sī Hoat-gí tùi Quapaw-ōe ê *akakaze* chioh--lâi, goân-té ì-sù sī \"(tòa) khe-bóe ê lâng\", nā Sioux-ōe mā ū kóng *akakaze*, ì-sù sī \"lâm hong ê lâng\". \n\nBí-kok kok-hōe pat gī-lūn *Arkansas* ê jī bóe *s* sī-m̄-sī bô hoat-im, 1881 nî, in koat-tēng koan-hong sú-iōng mài hoat ê ho͘-im /ˈɑrkənsɔː/ (\"a-khén-soh\").\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nArkansas ê lâm-pêng sī Louisiana, sai-lâm sī Texas, sai-pêng sī Oklahoma, pak-pêng sī Missouri, nā tang-pêng ū Tennessee kap Mississippi.\n\nArkansa ē-tàng kan-tan hun chò nn̄g pòaⁿ pêng, sai-pak pêng sī koân-tē, nā tang-lâm pêng sī sǹg kē-tē. Koân-tē hit hūn lāi-té pau-koat liáu Ozark Soaⁿ-tē kap Ouachita Soaⁿ-tē; kē-tē ê pō͘-hūn, ū Hái-oan-kîⁿ Pêng-goân (Gulf Coastal Plain) kap Arkansas Saⁿ-kak-chiu tē-khu. Kî-tha chū-jiân tē-lí siōng ê hun-khu koh ū Arkansas Hô-kok (Arkansas River Valley), Crowley Soaⁿ-kiā (Crowley's Ridge) téng-téng.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nChêng 11700 chó͘-iū, Arkansas chit ūi í-keng ū lâng teh seng-oa̍h, in khó-lêng sī ē-hiáu liah Mammoth kó͘-chhiūⁿ ê pō͘-cho̍k. Lông-gia̍p tī tāi-khài chêng 650 nî khai-sí, kun-kù khó-kó͘ gián-kiù, chit chūn chū-só͘ kēng-ka hó-sè, kang-gē mā khah ho̍k-cha̍p. Tī kî-tha Bí-chiu goān-chū bîn-cho̍k tōa-kûn tùi sai-pêng sóa--lài chìn-chêng, Arkansas chit ūi chú-iàu ū Quapaw, Caddo kap Osage téng cho̍k khiā-khí.\n\nSó͘ chai siāng chá lâi kàu Arkansas ê Au-chiu-lâng sī 1541 nî Se-pan-gâ thàm-hiám-ka Hernando de Soto, i ùi chia siu-chi̍p chu-goân kap kim-á, tī tang-pak-pō͘ tú chia̍p-chhio̍k Casqui lâng, Soto hong chhōa khì pak-pêng ê Pacaha pō͘-lo̍k, koh chham-ú an-pâi nn̄g cho̍k lâng ê hô-pêng tiâu-iok. \n\n1673 nî, Hoat-kok ê Jacques Marquette kap Louis Jolliet tī chè-chō Mississippi Hô tē-tô͘ lō͘ tiong lâi kàu Arkansas Hô. Au-lâi in tó-tńg pak-pêng. Robert La Salle tī 1681 nî chìn-ji̍p Arkansas, āu-bóe in chú-tiuⁿ kûi tiâu Mississippi Hô sio̍k Sin Hoat-lân-se. Au-chiu lâng tī chiu lāi siāng chá ê chng-thâu sī Arkansas Post, sī 1686 nî Henri De Tonto kiàn-li̍p, tong-sî ēng chò kau-e̍k mô͘-phôe téng mi̍h-kiāⁿ ê tē-tiám. Āu-lâi Hoat-kok the̍h hâm Arkansas chāi lāi ê Louisiana Léng-thó͘ kap Se-pan-gâ sio-ōaⁿ Florida. 1783 nî 4 goe̍h Arkansans hoat-seng î-it sio̍k Bí-kok Kek-bēng Chiàn-cheng ê chiàn-sū. Hit tong-sî Eng-kok James Colbert chhōa kūn tī Choctaw kap Chickasaw goân-chū-bîn ê hia̍p-chō͘ hā kong-lio̍k Arkansas Post.\n\nBí-kok sêng-li̍p liáu-āu, Arkansas óa-ná koh tī Se-pan-gâ koán lāi. Āu-bóe Hoat-kok Napoleon Bonaparte cheng-ho̍k Se-pang-gâ, hâm Arkansas chāi-lāi ê Louisiana soah tī 1800 nî Tē-saⁿ-chhù San Ildefonso Tiâu-iok koh chài hō͘ Hoat-kok chiàm--khì. 1803 nî sî, Hoat-kok kā Louisiana bē hō͘ Bí-kok. Tit tio̍h sin thó͘-tē liáu-āu, chóng-thóng Thomas Jefferson phài lâng thàm-châ léng-thó͘. Kî-tiong William Dunbar chhōa tūi hiòng lâm-pêng thàm-lō͘, pat lâi kàu Arkansas tiong-pō͘ tiāu-cha, in tī 1805 nî pò-kó liáu tong-tē goân-chū-bîn oa̍h-tāng, chháu-bo̍k tōng-bu̍t, mā hun-sek un-chôaⁿ sêng-hun.\n\n1812 nî, sin bé ê Louisiana Léng-thó͘ kái miâ Missouri Léng-thó͘; 1819 nî, Arkansas Léng-thó͘ koh tùi lāi-té hun--chhut-lâi. Sin siat ê Arkansas Léng-thó͘ siú-hú tī Arkansas Post, hoān-ûi hâm tōa-hūn ê āu-lâi Oklahoma chāi-lāi; hia ke--chhut ê tē-hng tī 1828 lēng-gōa nî khui-siat Indian Léng-thó͘.\n\n1819 nî kàu 1836 nî kî-kan Arkansas hoān-ûi piàn-hòa.\n1836 nî, chóng-thóng Andrew Jackson chhiam-sú Arkansas chiu sêng-li̍p ê sin-chhéng. In ka-ji̍p Bí-kok ê tāi-chì tī hit-chūn kok-hōe mā ín-khí tùi pún-té chio̍h chin siū gī-lūn ê lô͘-lē-chè būn-tê ê thó-lūn. 1837 nî ê sî, chiu lāi hoat-seng kim-hiông chai-hāi, chō-sêng pún-lâi chio̍h khùn-lân ê keng-chè keng-ka put sūn.\n\n1861 nî, tī Abraham Lincoln chóng-thóng iau-kiû Arkansas tùi-hù Fort Sumter ê honá-khòng liáu-āu. Arkansas chiu-hōe koat-tēng thoat-lî liân-pang, ka-ji̍p America Liân-bêng-kok. Hit-chūn Arkansas oa̍h pak ê lâng khah phian Liân-pan (pak-kun), lâm-pêng ê lâng khah phian Liân-bêng (lâm-kun). Lōe-chiàn liáu-āu tī 1868 nî, kun-kù kok-hōe ê Kun-sū tiông-kiàn Hoat-àn (Military Reconstruction Act), Arkansas têng-sin ka-ji̍p liân-pan. Kiōng-hô-tóng khòng-chè ê gī-hōe koh thong-kòe ta-po͘ ê soán-kí khoân-lī. Chit-sî, ūi-tio̍h tùi-hù Kiōng-hô-tóng ki-chìn-phài tùi chiu-lāi sū-bū ê chi-phòe, KKK hoat-khí oa̍h-tāng, ín-khí liáu hō-chò Brooks-Baxter Chiàn-cheng (Brooks-Baxter War) ê chhiong-tu̍t.\n\nSiū pak-pō͘ kap tiong-se-pō͘ kang-gia̍p hoat-tián ê éng-hióng, chin chē lâm-pō͘ ê o͘-lâng tī 20 sè-kí chho͘-kî hiòng gōa liû-tōng. Kàu 1930 nî-tāi, mî-hoe sán-gia̍p ûi chú ê Arkansas, tī keng-chè siau-tiâu tiong mā chin siū éng-hióng, kàu Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn sî-kî chia̍h koh khoe-ho̍k.\n\n1950 nî-tāi, Bí-kok ê chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ soan-pò͘ chéng-cho̍k hun-lî chèng-chhek ê ûi-hiàn. Ín-khí Arkansas chāi-lāi chi̍t kóa chiu-hūn kok-hōe gī-goân hoat-khí Lâm-hong Soan-giân (Southern Manifesto), hoán-tùi hoat-īⁿ ê koat-gī.\n\n1993 nî, Arkansas chhut-sin ê Bill Clinton tóng-sóng chóng-thóng, i tī chìn-chêng mā sī pún chiu chiu-tiúⁿ.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nArkansas tī 2014 nî ê GDP sī 121,395 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Arkansas tī kin-á-ji̍t lông-gia̍p jîn-kháu taⁿ chiàm 3% chó͘-iū, chóng-sī lông-sán óa-ná sī pún chiu chú-iàu ê sán-gia̍p chi it. In sī Bí-kok chhōa-thâu ê tiū-bí, ba̍h-ke (broilers) kap hóe-ke ê chhut-sán-chiá, mā sī pâi thâu saⁿ miâ ê mî-hoe sán-tē. \n\nChè-chō-gia̍p hong-bīn, Arkansas chú-iáu bu̍t-sán ū si̍t-phín ka-kang, tiān-chú lêng-kiāⁿ, ki-hâi, chè-chóa téng-téng. In mā seng-sán ga-suh, chio̍h-iû téng khòng-sán. Arkansas chiu lāi ū 52 chō kok-ka kong-hn̂g, koan-kong mā sī pún chiu ê tiōng-iàu keng-chè sêng-hun.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Blevins 2009, p. 2.\n2. ↑ \"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015\" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 26, 2015. December 26, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. October 21, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Arkansas, FRED.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"Arkansas","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1673,7287,0.22958693563880883],"infobox":["\n
    Arkansas Chiu
    State of Arkansas
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîHui-kì
    \nChhiok-hō: The Natural State (\"Chu-jiân ê Chiu\"; hiān-sî)
    The Land of Opportunity (\"Ki-hōe ê Thó͘-tē\"; chá-chên)
    \nPiau-gí: Regnat populus (Latin: Jîn-bîn Tī-lí)
    \nChiu-koa: \"Arkansas\", \"Arkansas (You Run Deep in Me)\", \"Oh, Arkansas\" kap \"The Arkansas Traveler\"
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Arkansas highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nEng-gí
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nArkansan
    Arkansawyer
    Siú-hú
    (kiam siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī)    		\nLittle Rock
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nLittle Rock To͘-hōe-khu
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ 29
     • Ha̍p-kè\n53,179 sq mi
    (137,733 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n239 lí (385 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n261 lí (420 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n2.09
     • Hūi-tō͘\n33° 00′ N to 36° 30′ N
     • Keng-tō͘\n89° 39′ W to 94° 37′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ 33
     • Ha̍p-kè\n2,978,204 (2015 ko)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n56.4/sq mi  (21.8/km2)
    Pâi-miâ 34
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$40,531 (48)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nMagazine Soaⁿ
    2,753 ft (839 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n650 ft  (200 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nOuachita Hô
    55 ft (17 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nArkansas Léng-thó͘
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\nJune 15, 1836 (25)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nAsa Hutchinson (R)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nTim Griffin (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nGeneral Assembly
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-īⁿ
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-īⁿ
    Chham-gī-goân\nJohn Boozman (R)
    Tom Cotton (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n4 Republicans (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \nCentral: UTC −6/−5
    ISO 3166\nUS-AR
    Kán-siá\nAR, Ark.
    Bāng-chām\nwww.arkansas.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7010}} -{"text":"\n**Minnesota** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú sī Saint Paul. Siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Minneapolis.\n\nTē-hō-miâ\n---------\n\n*Minnesota* iû-lâi sī Dakota-gí tùi Minnesota Hô ê miâ *Mnisota*. Jī thâu *mni-* ì-sù sī \"chúi\", *ta* (*tō*) ì-sù nâ-sek. Tī chiu lāi ū bōe chió *Minne-* chhōa-thâu ê tē-hō-miâ, lóng sī tùi chúi ê hêng-iông. Pú-lūn Minnehaha Falls (\"chiò-chhiò ê chúi\"), Minneiska (\"pe̍h chúi\"), Minneota (\"chē-chē ê chúi\"), Minnetonka (\"tōa chúi\"), Minnetrista (\"oan-oan khek-khek ê chúi\").\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nChiàu Bí-kok ê tē-lí hun-khu, Minnesota sī ūi tī leh Téng Tiong-se-pō͘ (*Upper Midwest*), mā sǹg sī Tōa-ô͘-khu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Pún chiu kap tang-pêng ê Michigan tiong-ng sī keh liáu chi̍t-ê Superior Ô͘, kâng-khoán tī tang-pêng koh ū pō͘-hūn sio-óa ê Wisconsin chiu hūn. Lēng-gōa, ùi lâm-pêng sī Iowa; sai-pêng ū North Dakota kap South Dakota; tī pak-pêng sī Ka-ná-tah ê Ontario chham Manitoba séng.\n\nKui chiu ê bīn-chek ū 225,180 pêng-hong kong-lí, chiàm choân-kok ê 2.25 pha-sén, sī pâi tē-12 tōa ê Bí-kok chiu-hūn. \n\nMinnesota sī Bí-kok tû-liáu Alaska í-gōa siāng óa pak ê chiu, I ū chi̍t kak hiòng pak thòng--chhut-khì, khu lāi ū Chhiū-nâ Ô͘ (*Lake of the Woods*), ô͘ ê pak-pêng ū chi̍t hūn thó͘-tē, sī Bí-kok tāi-lio̍k pō͘-hūn î-it pí pak-hūi 49 tō͘ koh khah óa pak ê só͘-chāi.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nAu-chiu-lâng lâi kàu Pak Bí-chiu chìn-chêng, Minnesota chú-iàu ê jîn-kûn sī Dakota-lâng. Hoat-kok ê lâng tī 17 sè-kí lâi kàu Minnesota chò mô͘-phôe bé-bē. Tong Au-chiu î-bîn tī tang-hoaⁿ oa̍h-tāng ê sî, Anishinaabe téng cho̍k mā sóa ji̍p phì-jû Minnesota chit khoán lōe-lio̍k. Sin lâi ê Anishinaabe lâng kap chāi-tē ê Dakota lâng tio̍h sán-sen tùi-li̍p.\n\n1762 nî kàu 1802 nî kî-kan, Minnesota sī Se-pan-gâ Louisiana só͘-sio̍k. Bí-kok kek-bēng bóe-kî, Tē-jī-chhù Pa-lí Tiâu-iok chhiam-sú sî, Minnesota tī Mississippi Hô tang-pêng ê thó͘-tē piàn chò sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t hūn. Liáu-āu, Bí-kok koh keng-kòe Louisiana Siu-bé, tit tio̍h Mississippi sai-pêng ê thó͘-tē.\n\n Minnesota Léng-thó͘.\nMinnesota Léng-thó͘ tī 1849 nî 3 goe̍h chheh 3 sêng-li̍p, thau kài ê gī-hōe, sī New England î-bîn kap in kiáⁿ-sun só͘ khòng-chè. Hit tong-sî chin chōe lông-ka khai-sí tī Minnesota khai-hoat. Kàu 1858 nî 5 goe̍h 11, Minnesota siat chò Bí-kok ê tē 32 chiu. In-ūi New England hē ê jîn-kháu chiàn tōa-hūn, hong kiò chò sī \"Sai-pō͘ ê New England\" (*The New England of the West*).\n\n1861 nî tòa tī Mankato ê Au-chiu-hē jîn-bîn sêng-li̍p hō chò Sim-lîm Bú-sū (*Knights of the Forest*) ê thoân-thé, beh chiong goân-chū-bîn kóaⁿ cháu. Chit khoán ap-le̍k ín-khí liáu 1862 nî ê Dakota Chiàn-cheng, āu-bóe chia goân-chū-bîn lóng sóa khí Dakota ê Crow Creek Pó-liû-tē (*Crow Creek Reservation*).\n\n1880 nî-tāi liáu-āu tī Vermilion Soaⁿ-tē kap Mesabi Soaⁿ-tē téng só͘-chāi hoat-kiàn thih-khòng, tong-tē kiàn-li̍p liáu chhái-khòng ê sán-gia̍p, in ê chhut-sán, ē-tàng hiòng tang sàn kàu Tōa-ô͘-khu. 20 sè-kí chá-kî, kang-gia̍p ê hoat-tián chō-sêng jîn-kháu tùi chháu-tē hiòng to͘-chhī î-sóa; chóng-sī Minnesota hit-tong-sî lông-gia̍p oan-ná chin tiōng-iàu.\n\nTōa Siau-tiâu sî-kî, Minnesota ê keng-chè mā siū sún-hāi, kàu 1931 nî kap 1935 nî kî-kan, sai-pêng kap Dakota koh siū khiàm-chúi ê gûi-hāi. Āu-lâi Sin Chhek (*New Deal*) ê kè-ōe hō͘ pún-tē keng-chè ū chi̍t kóa kái-siàn. Hit-chūn Kong-bîn Pó-io̍k Tūi (Civilian Conservation Corps) kap kî-tha ê kè-ōe, chiam-tùi goân-chū-bîn thê-kiong khang-khòe. 1934 nî ê hoat-àn koh khak-li̍p in khai-siat chū-chú chèng-hú ê chè-tō͘.\n\nJī-chhù Tāi-chiàn liáu-āu, sin-ê kang-gia̍p hoat-tián. Chū-tōng-hòa ê phó͘-ki̍p kái-chìn liáu seng-sán-le̍k. Lông-chok-bu̍t tōa-hūn lóng piàn hoan-be̍h kap sió-be̍h. 1946 nî, Kang-têng Gián-kiù Cho͘-ha̍p (Engineering Research Associates) sêng-li̍p, choan-bûn thè hái-kun khai-hoat tiān-náu.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\n Minnesota ê jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘. \nChiàu 2010 nî 4 goe̍h ê phó͘-cha chu-liāu, thong Minnesota ê jîn-kháu ê 5,303,925 lâng; lāi-bīn 83.1% sī hui Latin-hē ê pe̍h-lâng; 5.2% sī o͘-lâng ia̍h Hui-chiū-hē Bí-kok-lâng; Indian kap Alaska goân-chū-bîn chiàm 1.1%; A-chiu-hē chiàm 4.0%.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nMinnesota tī 2014 nî ê GDP sī 316,204 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (*health care and social assistance*) sán-gia̍p.\n\nPún chiu sī Bí-kok seng-sán siāng-chē chè-thn̂g-ēng âng-chhài-thâu (*sugar beet*), tiⁿ hoan-be̍h (*sweet corn*) kap ka-kang-ēng hôe-liân-tāu, koh ū chhī hóe-ke ê chiu. Lēng-gōa mā sī n̂g-tāu kap hoan-be̍h ê tiōng-iàu seng-sán-chiá.\n\nKau-thong\n---------\n\nMinnesota ê chèng-hú ū siat Minnesota Kau-thong-pō͘ lâi chú-koán kau-thong gia̍p-bū. Keng-kòe pún chiu ê chú-iàu chiu-chè kong-lō͘ ū I-35, I-90, I-94 téng lō͘-sòaⁿ. Chia lāi-bīn I-35 kap I-94 keng-kòe Minneapolis–St. Paul tō͘-hōe-khu; I-90 ùi chiu ê lâm-pêng piⁿ thong-kòe.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ National, State, and Puerto Rico Commonwealth Totals Datasets: Population, population change, and estimated components of population change: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015 U.S. Census Bureau (2015)\n2. ↑ \"Median Annual Household Income\". *The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation*. December 9, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī October 15, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. 1 2 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n5. ↑ \"Lake Superior Water Levels\", Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. Updated daily.\n6. ↑ \"QuickFacts\". *United States Census Bureau*. U.S. Department of Commerce. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n7. ↑ Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Minnesota, FRED.\n8. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"Minnesota","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2098,6676,0.31426003594967045],"infobox":["\n
    State of Minnesota
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: Land of 10,000 Lakes;
    North Star State; The Gopher State; Agate State; State of Hockey.
    \nPiau-gí: L'Étoile du Nord (Hoat-gí: Pak-hng chi Chheⁿ)
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Minnesota highlighted
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nMinnesotan
    Siú-hú\nSaint Paul
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nMinneapolis
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nMinneapolis–Saint Paul
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-12
     • Ha̍p-kè\n86,936 sq mi
    (225,163 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\nc. 200–351 lí (c. 320–560 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\nc. 400 lí (c. 640 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n8.40
     • Hūi-tō͘\n43° 30′ N to 49° 23′ N
     • Keng-tō͘\n89° 29′ W to 97° 14′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-21
     • Ha̍p-kè\n5,489,594 (2015 nî ko͘)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n68.9/sq mi  (26.6/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-30 (2015 nî ko͘)
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$68,730 (6th)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nEagle Mountain
    2,301 ft (701 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n1,200 ft  (370 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nLake Superior
    602 ft (183 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nMinnesota Léng-thó͘
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\nMay 11, 1858 (32nd)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nMark Dayton (DFL)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nTina Smith (DFL)
    Li̍p-hoat\nMinnesota Li̍p-hóa-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-īⁿ
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-īⁿ
    Chham-gī-goân\nAmy Klobuchar (DFL)
    Al Franken (DFL)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n5-ūi Bîn-chú-tóng, 3-ūi Kiông-hô-tóng (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \nCentral: UTC −6/−5
    ISO 3166\nUS-MN
    Kán-siá\nMN, Minn.
    Bāng-chām\nmn.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6436}} -{"text":"\n**New Mexico** sī Bí-kok sai-lâm ê chi̍t-ê chiu, jîn-kháu tāi-iok ū 2,499,481, pâi-miâ tē 35. I ê siú-hú sī Santa Fe, siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Albuquerque.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nNew Mexico ê biān-chek ū 314,460 pêng-hong kong-lí. Chiu ê tâng-pêng pian-kài sī 103° W keng-tō͘, keh-piah sī Oklahoma kap Texas. Chiu-ê lâm-pêng tōa-hūn mā kap Texas sio-chia̍p, sió-hūn sī oa̍h Mexico ê Chihuahua kap Sonora chiu. Tī, sai-pêng, New Mexico kap Arizona í 109° 03' W sio keh. Tī chiu-ê sai-pak, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, kap Utah 4-ê chiu sio-chia̍p tī chi̍t tiám, chit tiám hong hō chò Four Corners.\n\nNew Mexico ū bē chió âng-thô͘ soa-bo̍k, lāi-té tiāⁿ ū chit khoán chāi-tē kiò mesa ê soaⁿ, sī chi̍t khoán pêⁿ téng ê tâi-tē. Chiu lāi iû-kî pak-pō͘ ū chin chē chhiū-nâ.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSó͘ chāi siāng chá tī New Mexico chit ūi khiā-khí ê lâng sī sio̍k Clovis bûn-hòa ê sian-chū-bîn. Āu-lâi koh ū Mogollon kap Kó͘-tāi Poeblo-lâng (Ancestral Pueblo) téng-téng. Au-chiu-lâng tī 16 sè-kí lâi-kàu sî, tong-tē í-keng ū Pueblo-lâng kap Navajo, Apache, koh ū Ute téng pō͘-cho̍k.\n\nFrancisco Vásquez de Coronado cho͘ chi̍t tīn thàm-hiám-tūi, tùi 1540 nî kàu 1542 nî kî-kan, hiòng New Mexico chia lâi chhōe Fray Marcos de Niza só͘ siá ê nn̂g-kim siâⁿ Cibola. Lēng-gōa chi̍t ūi chhōe kim-khòng ê lâng Francisco de Ibarra, siú-sian ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí hō chit ūi sī *Nuevo México*, i tī 1563 nî khì kàu Mexico pak-pō͘ jî-chhiá pò-kò tùi \"Sin--ê Mexico\" ê hoat-hiān. Kàu 1598 nî, Juan de Oñate hong phài chò sin séng-hūn ê chóng-tok sî, chèng-sek hō liáu chit-ê miâ; I koh tī tang nî kiàn-li̍p pún tē siāng chá ê Au-chiu-lâng siā-lí San Juan de los Caballeros.\n\nSanta Fe tī 1608 nî ùi Sangre de Cristo Soaⁿ-lêng kiàn-li̍p, m̄-koh chia-ê lâng kap kî-tha New Mexico ê î-bîn tōa-hūn lóng in-ūi 1680 nî ê Pueblo Hoán-loān lî-khui. It-ti̍t kàu Pueblo ê thâu-lâng Popé sí āu, Diego de Vargas khah lâi têng-sin kiàn-li̍p Se-pan-gâ lâng ê khòng-chè. 1706 nî, î-bîn koh sin khí Albuquerque siâⁿ.\n\nNew Mexico tī 1821 nî tùi teh Mexico ê to̍k-li̍p, piàn chò Mexico só͘ chú-tiúⁿ ê thó͘-tē. Āu-lâi Texas Kiōng-hô-kok tī 1836 nî kiàn-li̍p ê sî, mā chú-tiuⁿ Rio Grande Hô tang-pêng sī in só͘-iú. Lēng-gōa, New Mexico ê tang-pak pêng ū chi̍t kak goân-lâi sio̍k Hoat-kok, m̄-koh tī 1803 nî chiàu Louisiana Siu-bé choán hō͘ Bí-kok khì.\n\n1846 nî Mexico Bí-kok Chiàn-cheng liáu-āu, Mexico kun-kù 1848 nî Guadalupe Hidalgo Tiâu-iok kā ī pak-pō͘ tōa-hūn tē-khu lóng koah hō͘ Bí-kok. 1850 nî ê sî, Texas kā in Rio Grande Hô tang-pêng ê léng-thó͘ kap Bí-kok ōaⁿ liáu 1-cheng bān ê Bí-kim. Liáu-āu Bí-kok tī tong-nî 9 goe̍h 9 ji̍t khai-siat New Mexico Léng-thó͘ (New Mexico Territory), lāi-té pau-koat kin-á-ji̍t ê Arizona kap pō͘ hūn Colorado. Lâm-pêng koh ū chi̍t kak thó͘-tē sī keng-kòe 1853 nî Gadsden Siu-bé theh tio̍h. Lēng-gōa, 1850 nî, New Mexico kap Texas ê kài-sòaⁿ khak-tēng. \n\nNew Mexico sī Bí-kok Lōe-chiàn ê Khòa-Mississippi Chiàn-tiûⁿ (Trans-Mississippi Theater) chi̍t pō͘-hūn, Liân-bêng-kok kap Ha̍p-chiòng-kok lóng chú-tiuⁿ tùi New Mexico Léng-thó͘ ê khoân-lī. 1861 nî, Liân-bêng-kok kā New Mexico lâm pòaⁿ pêng ōe ji̍p in ka-tī ê Arizona Léng-thó͘, it-ti̍t kàu chiàn-cheng kiat-sok chìn-chêng, Liân-bêng-kok kun-tūi lóng ēng Arizona ê kî-á tī chia oa̍h-tāng.\n\n1945 nî ê goân-chú-tân chhì-giām *Trinity*.\n1912 nî 1 goe̍h 6 ji̍t, kok-hōe tông-ì New Mexico siat chò Bí-kok tē-47-ê chiu. 1928 nî, tī Lea Kūn kap Hobbs siâⁿ téng só͘-chāi hoat-kìⁿ chio̍h-iû, it-ti̍t kàu 2002 nî, Midwest Refining Company iá koh tī Hobbs khai-chhái.\n\nTē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn kî-kan, chiu lāi ê Los Alamos sī goân-chú-tân khai-hoat kap chè-chō ê só͘-chāi, lēng gōa koh tī White Sands soa-bo̍k chhì-giām. New Mexico āu-lâi hoat-tián chò Bí-kok Khong-kun ê iāu-tē, tû-liáu White Sands Hui-tân Tiûⁿ (White Sands Missile Range), koh ū Los Alamos Kok-kak Si̍t-giām-só͘ kap Sandia Kok-ka Si̍t-giām-só͘.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\n### Koan-hong gí-giân\n\nGoân-lâi tī 1912 nî siat-ê chiu hiàn-hoat sī kui-tēng pún chiu sī chhái-ēng Eng-gí kap Se-pan-gâ-gí ê siang-gí chèng-hú. Í-gōa hiàn-hoat sī bô kui-tēng it-tēng ê \"koan-hong\" (*official*) gí-giân. 1935 nî í-chêng, li̍p-hoat hē-thóng sī ē-tàng thong Se-pan-gâ-gí. Nā tī su-hoat hē-thóng, ka-ta kóng Se-pan-gâ-gí ê lâng kap kóng Eng-gí--ê lâng sī ū kâng-khoán ē-tàng chò pôe-sím (*jury*) ê khoân-lī. Kong-kiōng kàu-io̍k hong-bīn, chiu chèng-hú tī hiàn-hoat siōng ū gī-bū ài thê-kiong siang-gí kàu-io̍k.\n\n1989 nî, New Mexico chiâⁿ chò sī thâu chi̍t-ê chhái-ēng English Plus chèng-chhek ê chiu-hūn, ia̍h tio̍h sī thui-kóng Eng-gí í-gōa í-giân ê kàu-io̍k ūn-tōng. 2008 nî ê sî, pún chiu koh tī kong-li̍p ha̍k-hāu sū-iōng Navajo-gí khò-pún.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nNew Mexico tī 2014 nî ê GDP sī 92,959 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (*health care and social assistance*) sán-gia̍p.\n\nPún chiu ê chio̍h-iû sán-liōng tī 2015 nî 6 goe̍h ū 12,709 chheng-tháng (thousand barrels), tī Bí-kok kok-chiu lāi pâi-miâ tē-5.\n\nSiòng-phìⁿ\n----------\n\n* \n* \n*\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Most spoken languages in New Mexico in 2010\". MLA Data Center. November 4, 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015\" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 26, 2015. December 26, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Wheeler\". *NGS data sheet*. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī October 15, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. 1 2 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n6. ↑ Crawford, John (1992). *Language loyalties: a source book on the official English controversy*. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 62.\n7. 1 2 3 *Constitution of the State of New Mexico.* Adopted January 21, 1911.\n8. ↑ Roberts, Calvin A. (2006). *Our New Mexico: A Twentieth Century History*. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. p. 23.\n9. ↑ Joseph, John Earl (2006). *Language and Politics*. Edinburgh University Press. p. 63.\n10. ↑ Felicia Fonseca (July 31, 2008). \"New Mexico first state to adopt Navajo textbook\". *Seattle Times*. October 29, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n11. ↑ Total Gross Domestic Product by State for New Mexico, FRED.\n12. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n13. ↑ Rankings: Crude Oil Production, June 2015 (thousand barrels), U.S. Energy Information Administration.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"New Mexico","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2612,7345,0.3556160653505786],"infobox":["\n
    New Mexico Chiu
    State of New Mexico
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: Land of Enchantment
    \nPiau-gí: Crescit eundo (\"sûi-hêng sêng-tióng\")
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with New Mexico highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nKhòaⁿ lōe-iông
    Liû-thong gí-giân\n
    • English 69.69%
      • \n
    • Spanish 28.45%
      • \n
    • Navajo 3.5%
      • \n
    • other 4.09%
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nNew Mexican
    Siú-hú\nSanta Fe
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nAlbuquerque
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nAlbuquerque to͘-hōe-khu
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-5
     • Ha̍p-kè\n121,589 sq mi
    (315,194 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n342 lí (550 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n370 lí (595 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n0.2
     • Hūi-tō͘\n31° 20′ N to 37° N
     • Keng-tō͘\n103° W to 109° 3′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-36
     • Ha̍p-kè\n2,085,109 (2015 kó͘)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n17.2/sq mi  (6.62/km2)
    Pâi-miâ 45th
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nWheeler Peak
    13,167 ft (4013.3 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n5,700 ft  (1,740 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nRed Bluff Chúi-khò͘ (óa Texas pian-kài)
    2,844 ft (867 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nNew Mexico Léng-thó͘
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\n1912 nî 1 goe̍h 6 ji̍t (tē-47)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nSusana Martinez (R)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nJohn Sanchez (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nNew Mexico Li̍p-hoat-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-īⁿ
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-īⁿ
    Chham-gī-goân\n
    \n\n
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n
    \n\n
    (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \nSoaⁿ-khu: UTC −7/−6
    ISO 3166\nUS-NM
    Kán-siá\nNM,
    Bāng-chām\nwww.newmexico.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7262}} -{"text":"\n**Oklahoma** sī Bí-kok lâm-hong ê chi̍t-ê chiu, jîn-kháu tāi-iok ū 3,579,212, pâi-miâ tē 28. I ê siú-hú kap siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Oklahoma City.\n\nTē-hō-miâ\n---------\n\n\"Oklahoma\" chit-ê miâ sī tùi Choctaw-gí ê *okla* kap *humma* hō--lâi, ì-sù sī \"âng lâng\". Choctaw ê thâu-ba̍k Allen Wright tī 1866 nî kap liân-pang chèng-hú thó-lūn Indian Léng-thó͘ (Indian Territory) sú-iōng tiāu-iok sî thê-chhut.\n\nTī Choctaw-gí, \"Oklahoma\" chiū chhin-chhiūⁿ Eng-gí ê \"Indian\" kâng-khoán, sī chí kui--ê Bí-kok goân-chū bîn-cho̍k. 1890 nî Oklahoma Léng-thó͘ chèng-sek sêng-li̍p.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nOklahoma ê thó͘-tē bīn-chek ū 181,035 pêng-hong kong-lí. I sī Chêng-hong Sòaⁿ (Frontier Strip) ê kî-tiong chi̍t chiu. Tī Oklahoma ê tâng-pêng ū Arkansas kap Missouri; pak-pêng sī Kansas, sai-pak sī Colorado, sai-pêng sī New Mexico, lâm-pêng kiam sai-lâm sī Texas.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nWichita kap Caddo lâng chó͘-sian khah-chá tī kin-á-ji̍t ê Oklahoma tē-khu seng-oa̍h. Ūi tī kin-á-ji̍t Spiro ê Spiro Mounds sī Mississippi bûn-hòa tī se-pêng ê tiong-sim, só͘ chàm sî-kan tùi 850 kàu 1450 nî put-téng.\n\nSe-pan-gâ-lâng Francisco Vásquez de Coronado tī 1541 nî chiū lâi kàu Oklahoma tē-khu, chóng-sī Hoat-kok ê khai-thok-chiá tī 1700 nî-tāi chú-tiuⁿ chiàm-iú, kàu 1803 nî í-chêng Hoat-kok lóng iá khòng-chè chit ūi. Liáu-āu, Bí-kok tī Louisiana Bé-tē kòe-āu theh tio̍h Mississippi Hô í-sai ê thó͘-tē. Tùi 1819 nî kàu 1828 nî kî-kan, Oklahoma sī Arkansas Léng-thó͘ (Arkansas Territory) chi̍t hūn.\n\n19 sè-kí, chin chē goân-chū-bîn tùi in ka-hiong hong sàng khí pat-ê só͘-chāi, Oklahoma tē-khu sī kî-tiong chit-ūi. Le̍k-sú siōng só͘ kóng ê \"Ba̍k-sái chi Lō͘\" (Trail of Tears) chiū sī teh kóng chia-ê kòe-têng.\n\nPe̍h-lâng khui-khún-chiá tī Indian Léng-thó͘ chin-ka, Bí-kok chèng-hú chāi 1887 nî kiàn-li̍p Dawes Hoat-àn, chiong pō͘-lo̍k thó͘-tē pun hō͘ koh-pia̍t ka-cho̍k. Che chi̍t hong-bīn kó͘-lē goân-chū-bîn chò-si̍t, chi̍t pō͘-hūn liân-pang chèng-hú tit tio̍h thó͘-tē. Kòe-têng tiong thih-lō͘ kong-si tit tio̍h beh chi̍t-pòaⁿ ê Indian thó͘-tē, bé tiāu he̍k-chiá sī pun hō͘ gōa-lâi khui-khún-chiá.\n\n1907 nî 11 goe̍h 16, Oklahoma chiu kiān-li̍p, sī Bí-kok tē-46 chiu. Hit-chūn chio̍h-iû sán-gia̍p tī chiu lāi tng hoat-tián, thui-sai-á-kang liáu jîn-kháu ê chin-ka kap keng-chè oa̍h-tāng, koh hō͘ Tulsa siâⁿ piàn chò sī hit tong-sî \"sè-kài chio̍h-iû siú-hú\". Kàu 1927 nî, Oklahoma ê seng-lí-lâng Cyrus Avery khai-sí soan-thoân tùi Texas ê Amarillo khan lâi Bí-kok 66 Lō͘-sòaⁿ kong-lō͘ ê lí-sióng.\n\n20 sè-kí chá-kî, chin-chōe hū-kīn chiu-hūn iû-kî Kansas ê o͘-lâng lâi Oklahome kiàn-li̍p chng-thâu. Tulsa ê Greenwood āu-lâi piàn Bí-kok siāng hù-jū ê Hui-chiu-hē jîn-bîn siā-lí. \n\n1915 nî í-āu, siū Ku Klux Klan ê oa̍h-tāng héng-hióng, siā-hōe ê kín-tiúⁿ koan-hē ke khah giâm-tiōng. 1921 nî hoat-seng liáu pe̍h-lâng kong-ki̍p o͘-lâng Tulsa Chéng-cho̍k Po̍k-tōng. Chiàu ko͘-sǹg ū tāi-khài 300 lâng sí-bông.\n\n1930 nî-tāi, chiu lāi chi̍t pō͘-hūn só͘-chāi in-ūi thiⁿ-khì kap chò-sit ki-su̍t ê būn-tê siū-hāi. Ū chi̍t chām khiàm-hō͘ koh kòe-jia̍t ê Thàu Tîn-bū (Dust Bowl) būn-tê tī Kansas, Texas, New Mexico kap Oklahoma ê sai-pak jiáu-hāi, chō-sêng chin-chē lông-bîn cháu khì pat chiu seng-oa̍h. Jîn-kháu ê kiám-chió it-tī kàu 1950 nî tāi chia̍h kiat-sok.\n\nĀu-lâi Oklahoma sit-si chúi-thó͘ ê pó-chhî kè-ōe, khai-siat tōa-chúi ê khòng-chè kap chúi-khò͘ hē-thóng. Kàu 1960 nî-tāi, Oklahoma kiàn-siat liáu chhiau-kòe 200-ê ô͘, sī Bí-kok siāng chē.\n\n1995 nî po̍k-chà siū-hāi siòng-phìⁿ\n1995 nî, Oklahoma Chhī Po̍k-chà hoat-seng, sī Bí-kok kok-lāi sèng-chit khióng-pò͘ kong-ke̍k tiong sún-hāi siāng giâm-tiōng ê chi̍t kái. Timothy McVeigh kap Terry Nichols tī Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building khǹg chà-tàn, chō-sêng 168 lâng sí-bông. McVeigh hong phòaⁿ sí-hêng, Nichols hong phòaⁿ chē-kaⁿ kui-sì-lâng.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nKun-kù Bí-kok Phó͘-cha Kio̍k (United States Census Bureau) ê ko͘-sǹg, Oklahoma 2014 nî 7 goe̍h hūn jîn-kháu sī 3,878,051. Chiàu 2010 nî ê phó͘-cha, 68.7% ê jîn-kháu sī Hui La-teng-hē Pe̍h-lâng (non-Hispanic White), 7.3% sī O͘-lâng, koh ū 8.2% sī goân-chū-bîn.\n\n### Gí-giân\n\nOklahoma chú-iàu kóng Eng-gí, chiàu 2000 nî tiāu-cha, sú-iōng jîn-khái chiàm chiu-lāi 92.6%. Tē-jī chē lâng kóng ê ōe sī Se-pang-gâ-gí, koh-lâi sī Cherokee-gí, tāi-khài ū 22,000 ūi Cherokee-lâng sī tòa tī tang-pō͘ ê Cherokee-kok (Cherokee Nation), in-ê pó-hō͘-tē, Cherokee-gí mā sī chia kap lēng-gōa chi̍t ūi Cherokee Indian ê Liân-ha̍p Keetoowah Siā-lí (United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians) ê koan-hong gí-giân.\n\nTī 2010 nî, Oklahoma jîn-bîn keng-kòe kong-bîn tâu-phiò \"State Question 751\" kā chāi-tē Eng-gí khiuⁿ-kháu Oklahoma Eng-gí tēng chò sī in chiu ê \"Thóng-it Gí-giân\" (Unifying Language), iā chiū sī koan-hong gí-giân.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nOklahoma tī 2014 nî ê GDP sī 183,501 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (*health care and social assistance*) sán-gia̍p.\n\nChāi-tē sán-gia̍p chú-iàu ū hâng-khong, lêng-goân, ūn-su, si̍t-phín ka-kang, tiān-chú kap thong-sìn. In sī Bí-kok kok-lāi pâi tē-3 ê thian-jiân gá-suh seng-sán chhiu, tī sió-be̍h seng-sán pâi tē-5.\n\nPún chiu ê chio̍h-iû sán-liōng tī 2015 nî 6 goe̍h ū 10,504 chheng-tháng (thousand barrels), tī Bí-kok kok-chiu lāi pâi-miâ tē-6\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Keetoowah Cherokee is the Official Language of the UKB\" (PDF). Keetoowah Cherokee News: Official Publication of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma. April 2009. June 1, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"UKB Constitution and By-Laws in the Keetoowah Cherokee Language (PDF)\" (PDF). United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians. June 2, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"The Cherokee Nation & its Language\" (PDF). *University of Minnesota: Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition*. 2008. May 22, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"Cherokee\". *Ethnologue*. April 11, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"State & County QuickFacts\". United States Census Bureau. January 25, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī October 15, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n7. 1 2 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n8. ↑ Wright, Muriel (1936). \"Chronicles of Oklahoma\". Oklahoma State University.\n9. ↑ Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Oklahoma, FRED.\n10. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n11. ↑ Rankings: Crude Oil Production, June 2015 (thousand barrels), U.S. Energy Information Administration.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"Oklahoma","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2477,7524,0.32921318447634235],"infobox":["\n
    Oklahoma Chiu
    State of Oklahoma
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Kî-áTōa Chiong (Great Seal)
    \nChhiok-hō: Sooner State; Land of the Red Man; Native America
    \nPiau-gí: Labor omnia vincit (Latin)
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Oklahoma highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\n

    Eng-gí

    \n(Cherokee tī Cherokee Nation kap UKB)
    Liû-thong gí-giân\n
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nOklahoman; Okie (colloq.)
    Siú-hú
    (kiam siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī)    		\nOklahoma City
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nOklahoma City-Shawnee
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-20
     • Ha̍p-kè\n69,898 sq mi
    (181,195 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n230 lí (370 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n298 lí (480 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n1.8
     • Hūi-tō͘\n33°37' N to 37° N
     • Keng-tō͘\n94° 26' W to 103° W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-28
     • Ha̍p-kè\n3,911,338 (2015 est)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n55.2/sq mi  (21.3/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-35
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nBlack Mesa
    4,975 ft (1516 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n1,300 ft  (400 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nLittle River at Arkansas border
    289 ft (88 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nOklahoma Léng-thó͘/Indian léng-thó͘
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\nNovember 16, 1907 (tē-46)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nMary Fallin (R)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nTodd Lamb (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nOklahoma Li̍p-hoat-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-īⁿ
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-īⁿ
    Chham-gī-goân\nJim Inhofe (R)
    James Lankford (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n5 Republicans (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \n 
     • thong chiu (hoat-lūi-siōng)\nCentral: UTC -6/-5
     • Kenton (hui-koan-hong)\nSoaⁿ-tē: UTC -7/-6
    ISO 3166\nUS-OK
    Kán-siá\nOK, Okla.
    Bāng-chām\nwww.ok.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7297}} -{"text":"Lông-kho ê phiau-chì\n**Pîn-tong Lông-gia̍p Seng-bu̍t Kho-ki Hn̂g-khu** (屏東農業生物科技園區), kán-chheng **Lông-kho** (農科), sī Tâi-oân ê tē-it chō lông-gia̍p seng-bu̍t kho-ki hn̂g-khu, ūi-tī Pîn-tong-koān Tióng-tī-hiong, che mā sī thong-sè-kài ûi-it ê lông-gia̍p choan-gia̍p kho-ha̍k hn̂g-khu. Lē-sio̍k tī Lông-gia̍p-pō͘. Lông-kho sêng-li̍p ê bo̍k-tek sī ūi-tio̍h beh hoat-tián lông-gia̍p kho-ki, ín-chìn lông-gia̍p kho-ki jîn-châi, hêng-sêng lông-gia̍p kho-ki ê sán-gia̍p chū-lo̍h, chhiok-chìn lông-gia̍p sán-gia̍p ê choán-hêng seng-kip, lâi khak-pó Tâi-oân lông-gia̍p ê éng-sio̍k keng-êng.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Pîn-tong Lông-gia̍p Seng-bu̍t Kho-ki Hn̂g-khu - Chiu-piⁿ khoân-kéng kái-siàu Archived 2016-11-23 at the Wayback Machine.\n2. ↑ Hêng-chèng-īⁿ Lông-gia̍p Úi-oân-hōe Choân-kiû Chu-sìn-bāng > Siông-kiàn būn-tap-chi̍p (FAQ) > Pîn-tong Lông-gia̍p Seng-bu̍t Kho-ki Hn̂g-khu Tiû-pī-chhù Archived 2016-11-23 at the Wayback Machine.\n3. ↑ Lông-gia̍p Seng-ki Sán-gia̍p Chu-sìn-bāng — Lông-gia̍p Seng-bu̍t Kho-ki Hn̂g-khu Archived 2016-12-25 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Pîn-tong Lông-gia̍p Seng-bu̍t Kho-ki Hn̂g-khu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[428,1021,0.41919686581782567],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1178}} -{"text":"\n**Colorado** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. I ê siú-hú sī Denver, siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī mā-sī Denver. 2000 nî ê sî, chôan-chiu ê jîn-kháu ū 4,301,261 lâng.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nElbert Soaⁿ kap Turquoise Ô͘.\nColorado ê pian-kài khí-sian sī kun-kù keng-tō͘ kap hūi-tō͘, hoān-ûi sī 37°N kàu 41°N kah 102°03'W kàu 109°03'W chi kan.\n\nChiu lāi siāng koân ê soaⁿ sī Lake Kūn ê Elbert Soaⁿ, in oa-ná sī Rocky Soaⁿ-lêng tī Pak-bí ê chòe-ko-tiám, koân-tō͘ 4,401.2 m. Lēng-gōa, Colorado koh sī Bí-kok î-it goân-choân chhiau-kòe 1000 kong-chhioh koân ê chiu, i-ê chòe-kē-tiám sī óa tī Yuma Kūn kap Cheyenne Kūn chi kan ê Arikaree Hô.\n\nColorado siat liáu 4-ê kok-ka kong-hn̂g, chiàm chiu lāi 37% ê thó͘-tē.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nChhiau-kòe 13,000 nî í-chêng, Bí-chiú goân-chū-bîn tio̍h í-kēng tī Colorado chit ūi khiā-khí. Tī Larimer Kūn ū chi̍t-ê khó-kó͘ tiám Lindenmeier, hoat-hiān ê bûn-bu̍t nî-tāi sī kong-goân-chêng 11200 kàu 3000 nî chó͘-iū. Rocky Soaⁿ-lêng ê tâng-pêng sī khah-chá jîn-lūi chhian-sóa ê tiōng-iāu kòe-lō͘. Kó͘-tāi Puebloans-lâng tī Colorado Ko-goân (Colorado Plateau) seng-oa̍h; Ute-lâng sī tòa tī Rocky Soaⁿ-lêng ê soaⁿ-kok. Lēng-gōa, Apache-lâng kap Comanche-lâng mā tī chiu lāi tang-pō͘ ū oa̍h-tāng. Hit-tong-sî, koh ū Arapaho-lâng kap Cheyenne-lâng kòe-lâi phah-la̍h.\n\nBí-kok tī 1803 nî ê Louisiana Bóe-tē (Louisiana Purchase) hō͘ in tit tio̍h Rocky Soaⁿ-lêng í sai ê thó͘-tē. Che chō-sêng Bí-kok kap Se-pan-gâ tùi Arkansas Hô téng tōaⁿ tē-khu sán-seng chhiong-tu̍t, in-ūi Se-pan-gâ hit-chūn kā chit ūi tòng-chò sī in si̍t-bîn-tē Santa Fe de Nuevo México ê seng-lí to̍k-chiàm tē-khu. 1806 nî, Bí-kok ê Zebulon Pike niá peng-á lâi chia thàm-lō͘, soah hō͘ Se-pan-gâ-lâng liah khì Chihuahua, āu-lâi pàng tńg--khì.\n\nTī 1819 nî ê Adams-Onís Tiâu-iok tiong, Bí-kok hòng-khì tùi Arkansas Hô í lâm kap í sai, koh-ū W100° sòaⁿ í sai kap N42° sòaⁿ í lâm ê thó͘-tē. 1821 nî 2 goe̍h 22 Bí-kok chèng-sek kap Se-pan-gâ kiàn-li̍p pian-kài. Koh tī 8 goe̍h chiap-siū Missouri Léng-thó͘ ê tang-lâm-pō͘ chò Bí-kok ê sin chiu-hūn.\n\nPe̍h-sek sī goân-lâi Be̍k-se-ko só͘ niá ê Bí-kok sin thó͘-tē.\nBe̍k-se-ko mā tī 1821 nî 8 goe̍h to̍k-li̍p, koh siū Texas tōng-loān ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn éng-hióng, tī 1846 nî kah Bí-kok hoat-seng chhiong-tu̍t, 1848 nî chiàn-cheng kiat-sok liáu-āu, Be̍k-se-ko keng-kòe Guadalupe Hidalgo Tiâu-iok hòng-khì i-ê pak-pō͘ léng-thó͘.\n\n1849 nî, Mormon-kàu lâng tī Salt Lake Soaⁿ-kok (Salt Lake Valley) kiàn-li̍p chi̍t-ê chiu, m̄-koh bô siū liân-pang seng-jīm. \n\nTī 1850 nî Hia̍p-iok (Compromise of 1850), tùi Be̍k-se-ko hia theh--lâi ê thó͘-tē, kiam chi̍t pō͘-hūn Texas, hong hun chò chi̍t-ê sin chiukap nn̄g-ê sin léng-thó͘, iā chiū sī California Chiu, New Mexico Léng-thó͘ kap Utah Léng-thó͘. 1851 nî 4 goe̍h, goân Be̍k-se-ko-lâng tī hit-tong-sî New Mexico Léng-thó͘ ê San Luis siat liáu sin chng, sī kin-á-ji̍t Colorado chiu lāi siāng chá ê tn̂g-kî Au-chiu-hē jîn-bîn chū-lo̍h.\n\n1861 nî 2 goe̍h 28, Bí-kok chóng-thóng James Buchanan chhiam-sú hoat-àn, hō͘ Colorado Léng-thó͘ sêng-li̍p, hit-chūn ê pian-kài î-chhî kàu kin-á-ji̍t. 4 goe̍h sî, Bí-kok Lōe-chiàn po̍k-hoat. 1862 nî, Texas ê kun-tūi ji̍p-chhim New Mexico Léng-thó͘, chiàm-niá Santa Fe, Colorado ê chì-oān-chiá soah hiòng New Mexico Léng-thó͘ chhut-peng, beh khì hong-só Texas. Colorado kap New Mexico ê jîn-bé tī 3 goe̍h 28 ùi Glorieta Pass Chiàn-e̍k tiong cha̍h lo̍h Texas kun-tūi, liáu-āu Texas lâng tó-bé hòng-khì Santa Fe, thè tńg San Antonio, āu-lâi Pâng-liân-kok tùi Bí-kok sai-lâm chiū bô hoat-tō͘ koh chiàm-niá.\n\nTī 1864 nî, Léng-thó͘ siú-tiúⁿ John Evans chí-phài John Chivington niá-chhōa chhì-goān-chiá pó-hō͘ pe̍h-lâng, tùi-khòng Cheyenne kap Arapaho lâng. In āu-lâi khì kong-ki̍p chia goān-chū-bîn chiàn-sū tī Sand Creek ê tūn-iâⁿ. Nā chiàu chi̍t kóa kun-koaⁿ ê kóng-hoat, tōa-pō͘-hūn hong thâi--sí ê sī gín-á kap cha-bó͘-lâng. Bí-kok lio̍k-kun tiāu-cha sū-kiāⁿ, hit-tong-sî Bí-kok chóng-thóng Andrew Johnson ūi sū-kiāⁿ iau-kiû Evans thè-ūi.\n\nKâng nî 9 goe̍h Argentine Pass hoat-hiān gîn-khòng, sī Colorado āu-lâi kúi pái ó͘-gîn hong-tiâu ê khí-thâu.\n\n1867 nî, Liân-ha̍p Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Thih-lō͘ (Union Pacific Railroad) thàng ji̍p Colorado, sái kàu tang-pak-pêng ê Weir (hiān-sī kiò Julesburg). Lian-ha̍p sòaⁿ koh tī 1869 nî kap Tiong-iong Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Thih-lō͘ sio chiap, goân-sêng thâu chi̍t tiâu thàng tāi-lio̍k ê thih-lō͘. Āu-lâi, koh-ū Denver Thài-pêng-iûⁿ kap Kansas Thài-pêng-iûⁿ liân lâi chiu-lāi.\n\n1876 nî, Colorado siū liân-pang chiap-siū siat chò Bí-kok tē-38 chiu.\n\nKàu 1893 nî ê sî, Colorado thong-kòe lú-sēng tâu-phiò-khoân, in sī tē-2 ê tit tio̍h phó-thong soán-kí (universal suffrage) khoân-lī ê Bí-kok chiu-hūn, koh sī thâu-chi̍t-ê keng-kòe cha-po͘-lâng ê bîn-chiòng tâu-phiò thong-kòe khoân-lī ê chi̍t chiu.\n\nKun-kù 1930 nî Bí-kok Phó͘-cha, Colorado jîn-khái tī hit-chūn chhiau-kòe 100 bān lâng.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nKun-kù Bí-kok Phó͘-cha Kio̍k (United States Census Bureau) ê ko͘-sǹg, Colorado tī 2014 nî 7 goe̍h chhe jîn-kháu ū 5,355,866 lâng. Colorado jîn-kháu siāng chē ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Denver.\n\nChiàu 2010 nî phó͘-cha chu-liāu, Colorado jîn-kháu tiong 70% sī hui Se-pan-gâ-hē pe̍h-lâng, 20.7% sī Se-pan-gâ-hē kap La-teng Bí-chiú-hē, 4% sī o͘-lâng.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nChiàu Keng-chè Hun-sek Kio̍k (Bureau of Economic Analysis) ê ko͘-kè, pún chiu tī 2014 nî ê chiu-lāi chóng seng-sán (GDP) sī 306,663 pah-bān bí-kim.\n\nSán-gia̍p hong-bīn, tiōng-iàu ê ū si̍t-phín ka-kang, ūn-su khì-kū, ki-hâi, hòa-ha̍k chè-phín kap kim-sio̍k khòng-sán. Chá-kî Colorado keng-chè sī oa̍h-khò khòng-sán kap lông-sán-phín, hiān-sî lông-gia̍p sán-phín chú-iàu ū gû kap leng-chè-phín, sió-be̍h, hoan-be̍h kap tiū-chháu téng-téng. Chhú-gōa Denver sī chi̍t-ê kim-hiông tiong-sim.\n\nColorado sī liân-pang chèng-hú tiōng-iàu ê pān-kong só͘-chāi, kî-tiong ū siat tiám ê liân-pang siat-si ū pí-lūn Pak Bí-chiu Hâng-khong Hông-gū Su-lēng-pō͘ (North American Aerospace Defense Command), Bí-kok Khong-kun Ha̍k-hāu (United States Air Force Academy) kap chi̍t kóa khong-kun kī-tē. Lēng-gōa mā ū Kok-ka Hái-iûⁿ kap Tāi-khì Koán-lí-kio̍k (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), Kok-ka Chài-seng Lêng-goân Si̍t-giām-só͘ (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) téng-téng.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Lawmakers name 'Rocky Mountain High' second state song | 9news.com\". *Archive.9news.com*. 2007-03-13. 2016-04-01 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015\" (Microsoft Excel). *2015 Population Estimates*. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 25, 2015. December 25, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Colorado QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau\". *Quickfacts.census.gov*. 2016-04-01 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"Mount Elbert\". *NGS data sheet*. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. October 20, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. October 21, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. 1 2 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n7. ↑ The summit of Mount Elbert is the highest point of the Rocky Mountains of North America.\n8. ↑ Total Gross Domestic Product for Colorado, FRED.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nBí-kok ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chiu | Alabama  · Alaska  · Arizona  · Arkansas  · California  · Colorado  · Connecticut  · Delaware  · Florida  · Georgia  · Hawaiʻi  · Idaho  · Illinois  · Indiana  · Iowa  · Kansas  · Kentucky  · Louisiana  · Maine  · Maryland  · Massachusetts  · Michigan  · Minnesota  · Mississippi  · Missouri  · Montana  · Nebraska  · Nevada  · New Hampshire  · New Jersey  · New Mexico  · New York  · North Carolina  · North Dakota  · Ohio  · Oklahoma  · Oregon  · Pennsylvania  · Rhode Island  · South Carolina  · South Dakota  · Tennessee  · Texas  · Utah  · Vermont  · Virginia  · Washington  · West Virginia  · Wisconsin  · Wyoming | Flag of the United States |\n| |\n| Tia̍t-pia̍t-khu: | Washington, D.C. |\n| |\n| Léng-thó͘ | Baker-tó  · Bí-kok léng Samoa  · Guam  · Howland-tó  · Jarvis-tó  · Johnston Khoân-chiau  · Kingman-chiau  · Midway Khoân-chiau  · Navassa-tó  · Pak Mariana Kûn-tó  · Palmyra Khoân-chiau  · Puerto Rico  · Bí-kok léng Virgin Kûn-tó  · Wake-tó |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 145998913\n* LCCN: n80125532\n* ISNI: 0000 0004 0405 855X\n* GND: 4010406-0\n* SUDOC: 028505425\n* BNF: cb12065838s (data)\n* NDL: 00655584\n* NKC: ge134121\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Colorado","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3121,9017,0.34612398802262395],"infobox":["\n
    Colorada Chiu
    State of Colorado
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: The Centennial State
    \nPiau-gí: Nil sine numine
    (Eng-gí: Nothing without providence)
    \nChiu-koa: \"\"Where the Columbines Grow\" and \"Rocky Mountain High\"\"
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Colorado highlighted
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nColoradan/Coloradoan
    Siú-hú
    (kiam siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī)    		\nDenver
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nDenver-Aurora CSA
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-8
     • Ha̍p-kè\n104,094 sq mi
    (269,837 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n380 lí (612 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n280 lí (451 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n0.36%
     • Hūi-tō͘\n37°N to 41°N
     • Keng-tō͘\n102°03'W to 109°03'W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-22
     • Ha̍p-kè\n5,456,574 (2015 est)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n52.0/sq mi  (19.9/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-37
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$57,685 (tē-11)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nElbert Soaⁿ in Lake Kūn
    14,440 ft (4401.2 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n6,800 ft  (2070 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nkap Kansas sio-óa ê Arikaree Hô
    3,317 ft (1011 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nColorado Léng-thó͘
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\n1876 nî 8 goe̍h 1 ji̍t (tē-38)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nJohn Hickenlooper (D)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nDonna Lynne (D)
    Li̍p-hoat\nChóng Gī-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-īⁿ
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-īⁿ
    Chham-gī-goân\nMichael Bennet (D)
    Cory Gardner (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n4 ūi Kiông-hô-tóng kap 3 Bîn-chú-tóng (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \nMountain: UTC-07/UTC-06
    ISO 3166\nUS-CO
    Kán-siá\nCO, Colo.
    Bāng-chām\nwww.colorado.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":9365}} -{"text":"\n**Montana** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú tī Helena. Siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Billings.\n\nTē-hō-miâ\n---------\n\nMontana chit jī sī tùi Se-pan-gâ-gí *Montaña* hō--lâi, ì-sù sī \"soaⁿ\" he̍k-chiá \"soaⁿ-tē\", \"soaⁿ-khu\".\n\nTī se-pō͘ ê soaⁿ-khu, chá-kî sī hō͘ Se-pan-gâ thàm-hiám-chiá hō chò *Montaña del Norte*. Eng-gí ê Montana chit jī, tāi-seng sī Ohio ê James Ashley chú-chhî ê Bí-kok Chham-gī-īⁿ Léng-thó͘ Úi-oân-hōe (*United States House Committee on Territories*) tī chiam-tùi sin-siat Idaho Léng-thó͘ ê hoat-àn lāi-bīn sú-iōng--ê. Tong-sî hō͘ kî-tha ê chi̍t kóa chham-gī-oân hoán-tùi, lí-iû sī Montana \"bô ì-sù\". Kàu 1864 nî, beh tùi Idaho pun chhut sin léng-thó͘ ê sî-chūn, Ashley koh chi̍t pái chhái-ēng Montana, m̄-koh iû-goân siū tio̍h hoán-tùi, pí-lūn gī-oân Samuel Cox jīn-ûi chia tōa-hūn só͘-chāi lóng m̄-sī soaⁿ-tē, jî-chhiá jīn-ûi ēng goân-chū-bîn ê miâ pí Se-pan-gâ miâ khah hó-sè. Tong-sî ia̍h ū lâng thê chhut Shoshone, chóng-sī tè-bé chūn koat-tēng chiàu Léng-thó͘ Úi-goân-hōe ê ì-kiàn sú-iōng Montana.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nMontana sī Bí-kok biān-chek pâi tē-4 ê chiu-hūn, lóng-chóng 380,800 pêng-hong-bí, tī i thâu-chêng sī Alaska (siāng-tōa), Texas, kap California. Pún chiu ùi pak-pêng 877 kong-lí tn̂g ê pian-kài, si kap Kha-ná-tah ê British Columbia, Alberta, kap Saskatchewan 3-ê séng sio-chiap; lēng-gōa ùi i tang-pêng sī kâng-kok ê North Dakota chham South Dakota, lâng pêng sī Wyoming, sai-pêng kiam sai-lâm sī Idaho.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nMontana khah-chá sī chi̍t kóa goân-chū bîn-cho̍k teh seng-oa̍h. Au-chiu-lâng kap Bí-kok ê khui-khún-chiá kòe--lâi liáu-áu só͘ gū tio̍h ê pō͘-cho̍k ū tiong-lâm-pō͘ ê Crow; tang-lâm-pêng ê Cheyenne; koh ū tiong-pō͘ kiam tiong-pak-pō͘ ê Blackfeet, Assiniboine kap Gros Ventres; chham sai-pêng ê Kootenai kap Salish; lēng-gōa mā ǔ ti Flathead Ô͘ ê Pend d'Oreille kap sai-pêng soaⁿ-tē ê Kalispel.\n\nMontana óa tāi-lio̍k hun-kài (*continental divide*) tang-pêng ê hit pō͘-hūn, sī hâm tī 1803 nî Louisiana Siu-bé lāi-té.\n\nTong It-chhù Tāi-chiàn hoat-seng ê sî, Montana chhut-sin ê Bí-kok thâu chi̍t ūi lú-seng kok-hōe gī-oân Jeannette Rankin hoan-tùi soan-chiàn, m̄-koh siū tio̍h chāi-tē lâng phó͘-phiàn phoe-phêng, hit chūn chi-chhî chham-chiàn sī chú-liû ì-kiàn. Tùi 1917 nî kàu 1918 nî kî-kan ū 40,000 lâng hong chio ji̍p kun-tūi.\n\nBí-kok tī 1941 nî 12 goe̍h 8 ji̍t ka-ji̍p Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn ê sî, í-keng chin chē lâng tâu-kun, koh tī soan-chiàn liáu-āu thâu nî sin ji̍p 40,000 lâng ji̍p-iâⁿ; kàu chiàn-cheng kiat-sok hit chūn, í-keng 57,000 lâng cho-peng, sī kui-chiu jîn-kháu ê 10%, kî-tiong mā bōe chió sī goân-chū-bîn, pau-koat chham-ú Bi̍t-bé káng-chiá (Code talker) ê Crow-kok (Crow Nation) cho̍k-lâng.\n\nLéng-chiàn sî-kî, Montana hoat-tián chò Bí-kok khong-kun Kun-sū Khong-tiong Ūn-su Pō͘-mn̂g (*Military Air Transport Service*) ê chóng-pō͘.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nChiàu Bí-kok Phó͘-cha Kio̍k ê ko͘-sǹg, Montana tī 2015 nî 7 goe̍h chhe 1 ê jîn-kháu ū 1,032,949, pí 2010 nî Bí-kok Phó͘-cha ê thóng-kè ke 4.40%.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nMontana tī 2014 nî ê GDP sī 44,269 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (*health care and social assistance*) sán-gia̍p.\n\nMontana tī 2015 nî kui tang ê n̂g-tāu sán-liōng ū 10.3 pa̍h-bān tòng.\n\nKau-thong\n---------\n\nChū 1880 nî-tāi khai-sí, thih-lō͘ chiū sī Montana tiōng-iàu ê ūn-su hong-sek. Le̍k-sú-siōng keng-kòe pún tē-hng ê tang-sai hong-hiòng khoah chiu lō͘-sòaⁿ chú-iàu ū Milwaukee Lō͘ (*Milwaukee Road*), Tōa Pak-hng (*Great Northern*), kap Pak-hng Thài-pêng-iûⁿ (*Northern Pacific*). King-á-ji̍t tī Montana siāng tōa ê thih-lō͘ lō͘-sòaⁿ sī BNSF Railway, sī tùi chá-chêng Tōa Pak-hng kè-sio̍k--lâi-ê. Tī Montana se-pō͘, koh ū Montana RailLink, choan-bûn teh keng-êng í-chá sio̍k Pah-hng Thài-pêng-iûⁿ ê hē-thóng. Amtrak ê Empire Builder lia̍t-chhia mā tùi pak-pêng keng-kòe Montana.\n\nSu-chì\n------\n\n* \"Congressional Globe, 38th Congress, 1st session\". Library of Congress. March 17, 1864. April 1, 2013 khòaⁿ--ê.\n* \"Granite Peak\". National Geodetic Survey. 2008. March 28, 2013 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"United States Summary: 2010, Population and Housing Unit Counts, 2010 Census of Population and Housing\" (PDF) (PDF). United States Census Bureau. September 2012. p. 41 (Table 18). April 11, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"Population and Housing Unit Estimates\". U.S. Census Bureau. June 22, 2017. June 22, 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Median Annual Household Income\". *The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation*. December 9, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. 1 2 National Geodetic Survey 2008.\n5. 1 2 Geological Survey 2001.\n6. ↑ Montana Historical Society (1910). *Contributions to the Historical Society of Montana*. Rocky Mountain Publishing Company. pp. 47–.\n7. 1 2 Malone, Roeder & Lang 1991, pp. 95–96.\n8. 1 2 Sanders 1910, pp. 15–60.\n9. 1 2 Library of Congress 1864.\n10. ↑ \"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015\" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 26, 2015. December 26, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n11. ↑ Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Montana, FRED.\n12. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n13. ↑ \"U.S. Yield & Production: Production by State\". *SoyStats*. The American Soybean Association. 2017-02-16 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"Montana","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2466,6144,0.4013671875],"infobox":["\n
    Montana Chiu
    State of Montana
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: Big Sky Country, The Treasure State
    \nPiau-gí: Oro y Plata (Kim kap Gîn)
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Montana highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nEng-gí
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nMontanan
    Siú-hú\nHelena
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nBillings
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nBillings To͘-hōe-khu
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-4
     • Ha̍p-kè\n147,040 sq mi
    (380,800 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n630 lí (1,015 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n255 lí (410 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n1
     • Hūi-tō͘\n44° 21′ N to 49° N
     • Keng-tō͘\n104° 2′ W to 116° 3′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-44
     • Ha̍p-kè\n1,042,520 (2016 est.)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n7.09/sq mi  (2.73/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-48
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$51,395 (37th)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nGranite Peak
    12,807 ft (3903.5 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n3,400 ft  (1040 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nKootenai Kang, tī Idaho pian-kài
    1,804 ft (557 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nMontana Léng-thó͘
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\n1889 nî 11 goe̍h 8 ji̍t (tē-41)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nSteve Bullock (D)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nMike Cooney (D)
    Li̍p-hoat\nMontana Li̍t-hoat-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-īⁿ
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-īⁿ
    Chham-gī-goân\nJon Tester (D)
    Steve Daines (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\nGreg Gianforte (R) (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \nSoaⁿ-tē: UTC -7/-6
    ISO 3166\nUS-MT
    Kán-siá\nMT, Mont.
    Bāng-chām\nwww.mt.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5920}} -{"text":"\n**Nevada** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. I ê siú-hú sī Carson City, siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Las Vegas.\n\nTē-miâ\n------\n\n*Nevada* chit jī sī tùi Se-pan-gâ-gí *nevada* (ho͘-im: [neˈβaða]) chioh--lâi-ê, ì-sù sī \"khàm seh--ê\", goân-té hō tī soaⁿ-miâ *Sierra Nevada*, ì-sù sī \"khàm seh ê soaⁿ-tē\".\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nTōa-hūn ê Nevada lóng ūi tī leh té-lí-ha̍k siōng ê Lap-tē kap Soaⁿ-tē Tē-hng (*Basin and Range Province*), chiu lâi ū kúi-a chōa lâm-pak hong-hiòng ê soaⁿ-lêng.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nFrancisco Garcés sī thâu chi̍t ūi chìn-ji̍p pún tē-khu ê Au-chiu-lâng. Nevada kha-chá sī Se-pan-gâ Tè-kok ê Sin Se-pan-gâ léng-thó͘ chi̍t pō͘-hūn, 1804 nî ê sî, hun hō͘ Téng California (*Alta California*) koán-lí. Kàu 1821 nî, Mexico To̍k-li̍p Chiàn-cheng sî-kî hō͘ Mexico ōe chò chi̍t khu léng-thó͘. Liáu-āu, ū 1827 nî Jedediah Smith kòe Las Vegas Valley; koh ū Peter Skene Ogden tī 1828 nî iân Humboldt Hô lú-hêng. \n\nKàu 1847 nî ê sî, Mormon kàu-tô͘ kiàn-li̍p Deseret Chiu ê sî-chūn, in mā chú-tiuⁿ liáu kui-ê Nevada tē-hng. 1855 nî, William Bringhurst kap 29 miâ ê Mormon thoân-tō tùi Utah kòe pún tē-khu óa-kīn Las Vegas ê só͘-chāi khí siâⁿ, it-ti̍t khòng-chè kàu 1859 nî chó-iū.\n\nBí-kok Mexico Chiàn-cheng liáu-āu nn̄g kok chhiam-tēng Guadalupe-Hidalgo Tiâu-iok, chō-sêng Mexico ùi 1848 nî sit-khí Téng California. Bí-kok soah siat pún tē-hng chò léng-thó͘ lâi koán-lí. 1850 nî Utah Léng-thó͘ sêng-li̍p ê sî, Nevada sī lāi-té chi̍t pō͘-hūn, kàu 1861 nî 3 goe̍h 2 hō, Nevada Léng-thó͘ kiàn-li̍p.\n\nGoân-lâi Nevada kap āu-lâi hoān-ûi pí-kàu, nâ-sek sī 1861 nî ê sî-chūn.\nÙi 1864 nî, Nevada sin siat chò Bí-kok tē-36 chiu, jî-chhiá sui ē-tàng chham-ka chóng-thóng kap kok-hōe soán-kí, hit tong-sî tú hó sī Abraham Lincoln chú-pīn beh soán liân-jīm. 1866 nî ê sî, pún chiu sin ka-ji̍p tang-pêng pún-lâi sio̍k Utah Léng-thó͘ ê thó͘-tē. Kàu 1867 nî 1 goe̍h 18, koh tùi Arizona Léng-thó͘ sin siu chi̍t pō͘-hūn, goân-sêng kin-á-ji̍t Nevada ê hoān-ûi.\n\nŪ chi̍t chām khòng-gia̍p ùi Nevada ê keng-chè chin tiōng-iàu, chi-chhî liáu pún tē-hng ê sán-gia̍p, m̄ koh kàu 19 sè-kí bóe-kî, khòng-gia̍p kap jîn-kháu lóng chiām-chiām soe-lám khì. Chóng-sī kòe ka 1900 nî í-āu, Tonopah, Goldfield kap Rhyolite téng gîn-khòng ê khai-hoat, koh chi̍t kái chin-ka Nevada ê jîn-kháu.\n\nÙi chi̍t kóa khòng-siâⁿ, put siū koán-lí ê poa̍h-kiáu oa̍h-tāng í-keng chin phó͘-phiàn. Sui-jiân tī 1909 nî hō͘ choân-kok ê hoán kiáu hān-chè; kàu 1931 nî ê Gōa Siau-tiâu sî-kî, koh têng-sin hong ha̍p-hoat-hòa. Bô lōa kú, liân-pang chéng-hú chún-pī beh ùi Nevada khí-siat sin chúi-pà, ia̍h chiō sī hiān-chāi ê Hoover Chúi-pà.\n\n1951 nî 1 goe̍h 11, Las Vegas ê sai-pak-pêng 105 kong-lí ê tē-tiám, khai-siat liáu chi̍t ūi hu̍t-chú bú-khì chhì-giām-tiûⁿ, ia̍h chiō sī Nevada Chhì-giām-tē (Nevada Test Site). Siāng bóe chi̍t kài ê tāi-khì-chân chhì-giām (tē-bīn í-siōng ê hu̍t-chú chà-tàn po̍k-chà) sī 1962 nî 7 goe̍h 17; siāng bóe pái ê tē-hā chhì-giām sī 1992 nî 9 goe̍h 23.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nJîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ hun-pò͘ tē-tô͘.\nChiàu Bí-kok Phó͘-cha Kio̍k ê ko͘-sǹg, 2016 nî 7 goe̍h 1 ji̍t ê Nevada ū jîn-kháu 2,940,058, pí 2010 nî ê phó͘-cha ke 239,367 lâng, siong-tong ke 8.86%.\n\n### Cho̍k-hē\n\nKàu 2016 nî 7 goe̍h 1 ji̍t ê ko͘-sǹg ûi chí, Nevada ê Pe̍h-lâng (*White*) chiàm 75.1% (hui Se-pan-gâ-hē Pe̍h-lâng chiàm lāi-bīn 49.9%), O͘-lâng ia̍h Hui-chiu-hē Bí-kok-lâng chiàm 9.6%, A-chiu-hē chiàm 8.7%, Bí-kok Indian ia̍h Alaska Chāi-tē (*American Indian or Alaska Native*) chiàm 1.6, koh ū 0.8% ê Chāi-tē Hawaii lâng kap kî-tha Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Tó-sū-lâng. Tī thong chiu ê jîn-kháu-lāi-bīn, Se-pan-gâ-hē chiàm 28.5%.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nNevada tī 2014 nî ê chiu-lāi seng-sán chóng-gia̍h sī 135,038 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sī chia̍h-tòa ho̍k-bū (*accommodation and food services*) sán-gia̍p.\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Boundary Soaⁿ-chiam sī kap California hong-bīn ê Montgomery Soaⁿ-chiam liân chò-hóe, sī ê Montgomery chhù-soaⁿ-chiam (*sub-peak*); nā sī ēng kui lia̍p soaⁿ lâi sǹg, Nevada siāng koân ê tio̍k-li̍p soaⁿ-thé sī Wheeler Soaⁿ-chiam.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Population and Housing Unit Estimates\". U.S. Census Bureau. June 22, 2017. June 22, 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"Median Annual Household Income\". *The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation*. December 9, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Boundary\". *NGS data sheet*. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. October 20, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī October 15, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. 1 2 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n6. ↑ \"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016 (NST-EST2016-01)\" (xlsx). U.S. Census Bureau. December 20, 2016. December 31, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n7. ↑ \"Nevada\". *State & County QuickFacts*. U.S. Census Bureau. July 1, 2016. July 3, 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.\n8. ↑ Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Nevada, FRED.\n9. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"Nevada","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2555,6170,0.4141004862236629],"infobox":["\n
    Nevada Chiu
    State of Nevada
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: Silver State (koan-hong);
    Sagebrush State; Battle Born State
    \nPiau-gí: All for Our Country
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Nevada highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nHoat-lu̍t-siōng: Bô
    Sū-si̍t-siōng: Eng-gí
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nNevadan
    Siú-hú\nCarson City
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nLas Vegas
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nLas Vegas–Paradise, NV MSA
    (Clark County)
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-7
     • Ha̍p-kè\n110,577 sq mi
    (286,380 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n322 lí (519 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n492 lí (787 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n0.72
     • Hūi-tō͘\n35° N kàu 42° N
     • Keng-tō͘\n114° 2′ W kàu 120° W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-34
     • Ha̍p-kè\n2,940,058 (2016 est.)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n26.8/sq mi  (10.3/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-42
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$52,008 (tē-34)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nBoundary Soaⁿ-chiam
    13,147 ft (4007.1 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n5,500 ft  (1680 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nTī Colorado Kang óa California border
    481 ft (147 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nNevada Territory, Utah Territory, New Mexico Territory
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\n1864 nî 10 goe̍h 31 ji̍t (tē-36)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nBrian Sandoval (R)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nMark Hutchison (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nNevada Legislature
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-hōe
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-hōe
    Chham-gī-goân\nDean Heller (R)
    Catherine Cortez Masto (D)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n1: Dina Titus (D)
    2: Mark Amodei (R)
    3: Jacky Rosen (D)
    4: Ruben Kihuen (D) (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \n 
     • state\nPacific: UTC −8/−7
     • West Wendover\nMountain: UTC −7/−6
    ISO 3166\nUS-NV
    Kán-siá\nNV, Nev.
    Bāng-chām\nwww.nv.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5733}} -{"text":"\n**Tennessee** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu, jîn-kháu tāi-iok ū 5,689,283, pâi-miâ tē 17. I ê siú-hú sī Nashville, siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Memphis.\n\nTē-hō-miâ\n---------\n\nSe-pan-gâ thàm-hiám-ka Juan Pardo tī 1567 nî hiòng lōe-lio̍k thàm-lō͘ sî, chio̍h ū kì-lio̍k hō chò \"Tanasqui\" ê pō͘-lo̍k, che sī só͘ chai siāng chá \"Tennessee\" ê gí-goân.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nTennessee ê sì-ûi, pak-pêng ū Kentucky kap Virginia; tang-pêng ū North Carolina; lâm-pêng ū Georgia, Alabama, kap Mississippi; sai-pêng Mississippi Hô tùi-bīn ū Arkansas kap Missouri.\n\nPún chiu ê siāng-koân-tiám sī Clingmans Dome, ū koân-tō͘ 2,025 kong-chhioh, só͘-chāi tī Tennessee ê tang-pêng pian-kài.\n\nTennessee tī tē-lí, bûn-hòa, keng-chè kiam hoat-lu̍t-siōng, lóng pun chò 3-ê tōa hun-khu: Tang-pō͘ Tennessee, Tiong-pō͘ Tennessee, kap Sai-pō͘ Tennessee.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTennessee só͘-chai siāng chá ê lâng chhut-hiān tī 12,000 nî-chêng. Sú-chêng Tennessee pâu-koat liáu kúi-ê bûn-hòa sî-kî: Kó͘-sî (Archaic; chêng 8000 kàu chêng 1000 nî), Nâ-tē (Woodland; chêng 1000 nî kàu chú-āu 1000 nî), í-ki̍p Mississippi bûn-hòa (Mississippian; chú-āu 1000 kàu 1600 nî).\n\nSó͘ chai siāng chá lâi kàu Tennessee ê Au-chiu-lâng sī Se-pan-gâ thàm-hiám-ka, kî-tiong ū 1540 nî ê Hernando de Soto; 1559 nî ê Tristan de Luna; kap 1567 nî ê Juan Pardo. Kî-tiong Pardo kì-lio̍k liáu āu-bóe piàn chiu-miâ ê goân-chū-bîn pō͘-lo̍k \"Tanasqui.\" Hit tong-sî Tennessee tōa-hūn ê chū-bîn sī Muscogee kap Yuchi pō͘-cho̍k. Āu-lâi, tòa pat pak-pêng ê Cherokee lâng mā î-bîn lâi chia. Au-chiu-lâng î-bîn lâu ji̍p ê sî-chūn, pún tē ê goân-chū-bîn mā hong thui hiòng lâm-pêng kap sai-pêng.\n\n1756 nî, thâu chi̍t-ê Eng-kok lâng ê chng-thâu Fort Loudoun kiàn-li̍p, chia-ê si̍t-bîn-chiá sī tùi South Carolina chhian--lâi. In kap hū-kīn ê Cherokee-lâng hoat-seng chhiong-tu̍t, āu-bóe Fort Loudoun tī 1760 nî 8 goe̍h 7 hō tâu-hâng, chiong-kun Paul Demeré hong thâi--sí. 18 sè-kí, tōa-hūn ê Au-chiu î-bîn sī Eng-lân ê lâng, lēng-gōa mā ū bē chió sī Scot-lân kap Ài-lân chhut-sin. Chia si̍t-bîn-chiá tī 1772 nî cho͘-sêng Watauga Liân-ha̍p (Watauga Association).\n\n1776 nî, Bí-kok Kek-bēng Chiàn-cheng tiong, Sycamore Shoals siū tio̍h kap Eng-kok phài ha̍p-chok ê Cherokee-lâng Dragging Canoe chhōa kun kong-ke̍k. North Carolina ê Washington Khu (Washington District) ē-té ū 3-ê kūn tī 1784 nî hun-lî, chiâⁿ chò Franklin Kok (State of Franklin), in āu-lâi koh têng-sin tī 1789 nî ka-ji̍p North Carolina. \n\n1897 nî kiàn-li̍p sin chiu pah-nî ê kì-liām phok-lám-hōe.\n1890 nî, North Carolina soah iū chiong chit khu koah hō͘ liân-pang chèng-hú, āu-bóe sán-seng Lâm-sai Léng-thó͘ (Southwest Territory). Chit pō͘ léng-thó͘ tī 1796 nî 6 goe̍h 1 ji̍t, hō͘ chia̍p-siū sêng-li̍p sin chiu-hūn. Kiàn chiu chi̍t pah nî āu, Tennessee tī 1897 nî tī Nashville kí-hêng kí-liām phok-lám-hōe, tiuⁿ-só͘ āu-bóe lâu chò kong-hn̂g.\n\n1933 nî, ūi tio̍h tī Tōa Siau-tiâu sî-kî chhòng-chō khang-khòe, he̍k-chiá sī kái-siàn chúi-chai, hoat-tiān kap ūn-su, lian-pang chèng-hú sêng-li̍p Tennessee Hô-kok Koán-lí-kio̍k (Tennessee Valley Authority; TVA). TVA ê hoat-tiān le̍k, tī Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn sî-kî thê-kiong Manhattan Kè-ōe chi̍t pō͘-hūn seng-sán kap gián-kiù ê siat-si khai-siat kap î-chhî.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nTennessee tī 2014 nî ê GDP sī 300,604 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng-kang ê sán-gia̍p sī khiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (*health care and social assistance*).\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\nTennessee sī Bí-kok chē khoán liû-hêng im-ga̍k hoat-tián ê tiōng-iàu tē-tiám, chhan-chhiūⁿ rock and roll, blues, country, kap rockabilly téng im-ga̍k khoán-chè. Memphis siâⁿ ê Beale Ke (*Beale Street*) thang kóng sī blues ê hoat-goân-tē. Sun Records kong-si oa-ná tī Memphis, in sī chhan-chhiūⁿ Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins, Jerry Lee Lewis, Roy Orbison, koh ū Charlie Rich khai-sí sū-gia̍p ê só͘-chāi.\n\n### Su-pò͘-chuh\n\n| Tūi | Su-pò͘-chuh | Liân-bêng |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Tennessee Titans | Bí-kok-sek kha-kiû | Kok-ka Kha-kiû Liân-bêng (NFL) |\n| Memphis Grizzlies | Nâ-kiû | Kok-ka Na-kiû Cho͘-ha̍p (NBA) |\n| Nashville Predators | Peng-kiû | Kok-ka Kau-kiû Liân-bêng (NHL) |\n| Nashville MLS team | Kha-kiû | Tōa Kha-kiû Liân-bêng (*Major League Soccer*) |\n| Memphis Redbirds | Na-kiû | Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Hái-hōaⁿ Liân-bêng (*Pacific Coast League*) (Triple-A) |\n| Nashville Sounds | Na-kiû | Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Hái-hōaⁿ Liân-bêng (Triple-A) |\n| Chattanooga Lookouts | Na-kiû | Lâm-pō͘ Liân-bêng (*Southern League*) (Double-A) |\n| Jackson Generals | Na-kiû | Lâm-pō͘ Liân-bêng (Double-A) |\n| Tennessee Smokies | Na-kiû | Lâm-pō͘ Liân-bêng (Double-A) |\n| Elizabethton Twins | Na-kiû | Appalachian Liân-bêng (Rookie) |\n| Greeneville Reds | Na-kiû | Appalachian Liân-bêng (Rookie) |\n| Johnson City Cardinals | Na-kiû | Appalachian Liân-bêng (Rookie) |\n| Kingsport Mets | Na-kiû | Appalachian Liân-bêng (Rookie) |\n| Knoxville Ice Bears | Peng-kiû | Lâm-pō͘ Chit-gia̍p Kau-kiû Liân-bêng (*Southern Professional Hockey League*) |\n| Nashville SC | Kha-kiû | Liân-ha̍p Kha-kiû Liân-bêng |\n| Chattanooga FC | Kha-kiû | National Premier Soccer League |\n| Knoxville Force | Kha-kiû | National Premier Soccer League |\n| Memphis City FC | Kha-kiû | National Premier Soccer League |\n\nKau-thong\n---------\n\nKhòa-chiu kong-lō͘ I-40 tang-sai hong-hiòng keng-kòe pún chiú. Koh tī Memphis ū hun-chi I-240, tī Nashville ū I-440, tī Knoxville ū I-140, tī Knoxville ū I-640. Lēng-gōa, I-26 tùi North Carolina ji̍p--lâi, í Kingsport chò chiong-tiám. Kî-tha ê kong-lō͘ koh ū I-24, I-22, I-65, I-55, I-75 kap I-81 téng-téng.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ McKenzie, Kevin (May 25, 2017). \"Nashville overtakes Memphis as Tennessee's largest city\". *The Tennessean*.\n2. ↑ \"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017 (NST-EST2017-01)\" (XLS). U.S. Census Bureau. December 2017. December 24, 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Median Annual Household Income\". *The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation*. December 9, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī October 15, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. 1 2 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n6. ↑ Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Tennessee, FRED.\n7. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2018-04-24 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"Tennessee","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3142,7062,0.44491645426224863],"infobox":["\n
    Tennessee Chiu
    State of Tennessee
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: The Volunteer State
    \nPiau-gí: Agriculture and Commerce
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Tennessee highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nEng-gí
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nTennessean
    Siú-hú
    (kiam siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī)    		\nNashville
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nNashville to͘-hōe-khu
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-36
     • Ha̍p-kè\n42,143 sq mi
    (109,247 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n120 lí (195 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n440 lí (710 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n2.2
     • Hūi-tō͘\n34° 59′ N to 36° 41′ N
     • Keng-tō͘\n81° 39′ W to 90° 19′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ 16th
     • Ha̍p-kè\n6,715,984 (2017 nî ko͘-sǹg)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n159.4/sq mi  (61.5/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-20
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$47,330 (42nd)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nClingmans Dome
    6,643 ft (2025 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n900 ft  (270 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nMississippi Kang, tī Mississippi pian-kài
    178 ft (54 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nSouthwest Territory
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\n1796 nî 6 goe̍h 1 ji̍t (tē-16)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nBill Haslam (R)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nRandy McNally (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nChóng-gī-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-hōe
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-hōe
    Chham-gī-goân\nLamar Alexander (R)
    Bob Corker (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n7-ê Kiōng-hô-tóng, 2-ê Bîn-chú-tóng (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \n 
     • East Tennessee\nEastern: UTC -5/-4
     • Tiōng-po͘ kap Sai-pō͘\nCentral: UTC -6/-5
    ISO 3166\nUS-TN
    Kán-siá\nTN, Tenn.
    Bāng-chām\nwww.tennessee.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6985}} -{"text":"\n**Frederick Coyett** (1615 nî  – 1687 nî 10 goe̍h 17 ji̍t), tī Hàn-bûn bûn-hiàn hō-chò **Kûi-it** (揆一), sī chi̍t-ê Sūi-tián kùi-cho̍k, iā sī O-lân Formosa chòe-āu chi̍t jīm chóng-tok (1656 nî–1662 nî). I mā-sī thâu chi̍t-ê kàu Tiong-kok kah Ji̍t-pún ê Sūi-tián lâng.\n\nSìⁿ-miâ\n-------\n\nKah hit-chūn ê chin-chōe lâng kâng-khoán, tī kok-chióng sî-chūn, tī kok-chióng lâng hiâ, i ê miâ ū chin-chōe khoán siá-hoat. **Frederick** ū lâng siá chòe **Fredrik** ah-sī **Fredrick**, **Coyett** iā ū siá chòe **Coyet**, **Coignet** ah-sī **Coijet** ê.\n\nSiàu-liân sî-chūn ê chit-gia̍p seng-gâi\n---------------------------------------\n\nKun-kù thui-chhek, Coyett tī Sūi-tián ê Stockholm chi̍t-ê ū Hô-lân/Flemish hiat-thóng ê ka-têng chhut-sì. In lāu-pē sī chi̍t-ê phah gûn sai-hū, 1634 nî tī Bo̍k-su-kho kè-sin. I a-hiaⁿ miâ kiò **Peter Julius Coyet**, gōa-kau-koaⁿ, sī hit-chūn Sūi-tián chù Eng-kok tōa-sài. Coyett ùi 1647 nî chó-iū khai-sí tī O-lân Liân-ha̍p Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si chòe-kang. I tī Ji̍t-pún Dezima (Ji̍t-pún-gí: 出島; Hô-lân-gí: Dejima) ê O-lân Liân-ha̍p Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si chòe-liáu nn̄g-pái tiúⁿ-koaⁿ. Thâu-chi̍t-táu ùi se-goân 1647 nî 11 ge̍h 3 hō kàu se-goân 1648 nî 12 ge̍h 9 hō, tê-jī-pái ùi se-goân 1652 nî 11 ge̍h 4 hō kàu 1653 nî 11 ge̍h 10 hō.\n\nTĪ Chhut-tó\n-----------\n\nCoyett sī **François Caron** ê tâng-mn̂g, nn̄g-ê lâng lóng kah Ji̍t-pún sek-hòng 10 ūi Hô-lân kaⁿ-siû e tāi-chì siong-koan. Nn̄g-ê lâng koan-û se-goân 1643 nî ê *Nambu* sū-kiāⁿ (*Breskens*-hō chûn ê chûn-tiúⁿ Hendrick Cornelisz Schaep kah 9 ê chûn-oân tī Ji̍t-pún Iwate Koān ê Yamada Teng (山田町) hō͘ lâng lia̍h-tio̍h.) ū lo̍h-lâi chit-tōaⁿ chham-siông:\n\n\"*Breskens-hō kah i ê chí-bē chûn Castricum-hō (iû Maarten Gerritsz Vries léng-tō) in-ūi tī O-lân Tang Ìn-tō͘ ê chóng-tok(Anthonio van Diemen) ê bēng-lēng, khì chhē thoân-soat tiong tī Ji̍t-pún hái-hōaⁿ tang-pak ê kim-gûn-tó. In mā beh chhē chit-tiâu khì A-chiu pak-pō͘ ê lō͘. Tī 1643 nî 6 ge̍h, in-ūi hong-pō kah Castricum-hō hun-khui ê Breskens-hō sái ji̍p-khì Pún-chiu tang-pak Nanbu Phoan (Ji̍t-pún-gí: 南部藩) ê Yamada (山田) hái-oan. Tī-leh chhē chhiⁿ-chúi kah chia̍h-mi̍h ê sî-chūn, 10 ê iû Schaep chûn-tiúⁿ léng-tō ê chûn-oân hō͘ lâng lia̍h-tio̍h, sàng khì Nanbu Phoan ê hú-siâⁿ Morioka, lō͘-bé tsiah-koh sàng khì Edo.*\n\n*Breskens-hō ê chûn-oân ū-kàu soe-siâu, in-ūi siâng-sî tī Ji̍t-pún lēng-gōa chi̍t-ê só͘-chai, 4 ê beh chhim-ji̍p Ji̍t-pún ê Iâ-so͘-hoē sêng-oân tú-á-hó hō͘ lâng lia̍h-tio̍h. Kiat-kó, bō͘-hú koaⁿ-hong tùi hái-hōaⁿ hông-gū ê tāi-chì chiok kín-tiuⁿ. Put-lî-kò, bō͘-hú liáu-kái chûn-oân sī Hô-lân lâng m̄-sī Thian-chú-kàu-tô͘ í-āu, put-chài kín-tiuⁿ, chhun-ê būn-tôe chí-ū sek-hòng Hô-lân kaⁿ-siû ê chhiú-sio̍k.* \"\n\nTâi-oân chóng-tok\n-----------------\n\nCoyett chú-iàu-sī in-ūi chòe O-lân Liân-ha̍p Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si chòe-āu ê Tâi-oân chóng-tok chiah hō͘ lâng chai. \n\nSe-goân 1662 nî 2 ge̍h 10 hō, tī Tēⁿ Sêng-kong 25000 lâng kah 1000 tiâu chûn ûi-siâⁿ 9 kò ge̍h í-āu, Coyett tâu-hâng. Kûi-it pat kóng-kè Chi-nā lâng \"bô khah-iâⁿ siōng cha-bó͘-thé ê hit-khoán ta-po͘-lâng lōa-chōe\", i siong-sìn Chi-nā lâng bô chhim-lio̍k tâi-oân ê kè-he̍k. Kàu chhim-lio̍k khai-sí ê sî-chūn, tsit-ê Hô-lân lâng tsiah-koh kóng \"gún beh sit-khì Tâi-oân ah\". Tī i su hō͘ Tēⁿ Sêng-kong í-āu, Coyett the̍h-tio̍h ū-kàu ê pó͘-kip lî-khui Tâi-oân khì Batavia. Tiàm kaⁿ-lô tòa liáu 3 nî, i in-ūi hông-gū Tâi-oân kah pó-hō͘ tiōng-iàu siong-gia̍p lī-ek sit-pāi, hō͘ lâng sio-kò poān-kok-chē (叛國罪). Kiat-kó i hō͘ lâng sià-bián, m̄-koh liû-hòng khì Banda kûn-tó siōng tang-hong ê Rosengain-tó. I tī se-goân 1674 nî hō͘ lâng sek-hòng. Se-goân 1684 nî i ū tī Amsterdam Keizersgracht bóe chhù. \n\nCoyett kah i tē-it-ê bó͘ **Susanna Boudaens** tī se-goân 1650 nî siⁿ ê kiáⁿ Balthasar Coyett, kè-siok in lāu-pē tī O-lân Liân-ha̍p Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si ê thâu-lō͘, lō͘-bé pìⁿ-chòe An-bûn(Eng-gí: Ambon, Maluku) chóng-tok.\n\nChhut-pán ê chok-phín\n---------------------\n\nSe-goân 1675 nî i chhut-pán *Ûi-sit ê Tâi-oân* (Hô-lân-gí: 't Verwaerloosde Formosa). Tī hit pún chheh lāi i chek-pī O-lân Liân-ha̍p Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si bû-ti jî-chhiáⁿ kū-choa̍t oān-chō͘, khan-thoa tio̍h i sit-khì Tâi-oân.\n\nSiong-koan sû-tiâu\n------------------\n\n* O-lân Liân-ha̍p Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si\n* O-lân Tang Ìn-tō͘\n* Tēⁿ Sêng-kong\n* Ji̍at-lân-jia Siâⁿ Pau-ûi Chiàn\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ \"Coyett, Frederik\" (ēng Hô-lân-gí). Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek (New Dutch Biographical Dictionary).\n2. ↑ \"Nederlanders in Japan\" (ēng Dutch). 2009-03-05 khòaⁿ--ê. CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)\n3. ↑ Historigraphical Institute (*Shiryō hensan-jo*), University of Tokyo, \"Diary of Frederick Coyet\"; retrieved 2013-2-1.\n4. ↑\n5. ↑\n6. ↑ Macabe Keliher, Yonghe Yu (2003). *Out of China or Yu Yonghe's tale of Formosa: a history of seventeenth-century Taiwan* (illustrated pán.). SMC Pub. p. 55. ISBN 957-638-608-X. Dec 20, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê. Coyett, declaring the news of an attack unfounded, and the Chinese soldiers \"little better than poor specimens of very effeminate men.\" However, when Zheng and his epicine soldiers' ineluctable invasion became clear to the Dutch, the Batavia Council, and even the administrators in Holland, began to cry that \"Formosa is lost.\" CS1 pó-ióng: Ēng authors chham-sò͘ (link)\n7. ↑ \"Indonesia\". WorldStatesmen.org.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Hô-lân léng Formosa (1624–1662) |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Cho͘-chit | \n* Hô-lân Liân-ha̍p Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si\n\n | |\n| |\n| Tāi-chì | \n* Liāu-lô-oan Hái-chiàn [en]\n* Pêng-tiāⁿ Formosa\n* Lamey Tó Sū-kiāⁿ [en]\n* Koeh Hoâi-it chi loān [en]\n* Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ Pau-ûi-chiàn\n\n |\n| |\n| Só͘-chāi | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Hiuⁿ-siā | \n* Bakloan\n* Dalivo\n* Favorlang\n* Kelang\n* Longkiau\n* Mattau\n* Pangsoia\n* Pimaba\n* Sakam\n* Sinkan\n* Soulang\n* Tampsuy\n* Tamsuy\n* Tevorang\n* Tirosen\n\n |\n| |\n| Siâⁿ | \n* Phêⁿ-ô͘-siâⁿ [en]\n* Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ\n* Phó͘-lô-bîn-jia Siâⁿ\n* Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Jîn-bu̍t | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tióng-koaⁿ | \n* Martinus Sonck\n* Gerard Frederikszoon de With\n* Pieter Nuyts\n* Hans Putmans\n* Johan van der Burg\n* Paulus Traudenius\n* Maximilian le Maire\n* François Caron\n* Pieter Anthoniszoon Overtwater\n* Nicolas Verburg\n* Cornelis Caesar\n* Frederick Coyett\n\n |\n| |\n| Thoân-kàu-sū | \n* George Candidius\n* Daniel Gravius\n* Antonius Hambroek\n* Gilbertus Happart\n* Robert Junius\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | \n* Tēⁿ Chi-liông\n* Tēⁿ Sêng-kong\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 65193691\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 1974 5919\n* GND: 1156197953\n* BPN: 96131086\n* NDL: 00550481\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Frederick Coyett","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2469,6324,0.39041745730550287],"infobox":["\n
    Frederick Coyett
    \n
    Frederick Coyett tī Tâi-lâm An-pêng Kó͘-pó ê Heng-khám-siōng
    Formosa Tióng-koaⁿ
    \nJīm-kî
    1656 nî 6 goe̍h 30 ji̍t – 1662 nî 2 goe̍h 1 ji̍t
    Chêng-jīm\nCornelis Caesar
    Kè-jīm\nbô
    Dejima Siong-koán-tiúⁿ
    \nJīm-kî
    1652 nî 11 goe̍h 4 ji̍t – 1653 nî 11 goe̍h 10 ji̍t
    Chêng-jīm\nAdriaen van der Burgh
    Kè-jīm\nGabriel Happart
    \nJīm-kî
    1647 nî 11 goe̍h 3 ji̍t – 1648 nî 12 goe̍h 9 ji̍t
    Chêng-jīm\nWillem Verstegen
    Kè-jīm\nDircq Snoecq
    Kò-jîn chu-sìn
    Chhut-sì\niok 1615 nî ia̍h 1620 nî
    Sūi-tián Tè-kok Stockholm
    Kòe-sin\n1687 nî 10 goe̍h 17 ji̍t
    Hô-lân Kiōng-hô-kok Amsterdam
    Kok-che̍k\nSūi-tián-lâng
    Phoè-ngó͘\nSusanna Boudaens (1645–1656)
    Helena de Sterke (1658–?)
    G.M. Gossens (1687-1687)
    Kiáⁿ-jî\nBalthasar Coyett
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7416}} -{"text":"ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଗ୍ୟା jeff କାଳିଆ କୁକୁର ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ ମାଗ୍ୟା ତୋରି ନୁନି କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଚୁଦା ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ jeff ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଗ୍ୟା jeff କାଳିଆ କୁକୁର ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ ମାଗ୍ୟା ତୋରି ନୁନି କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଚୁଦା ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ jeff ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଗ୍ୟା jeff କାଳିଆ କୁକୁର ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ ମାଗ୍ୟା ତୋରି ନୁନି କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଚୁଦା ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ jeff ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଗ୍ୟା ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଗ୍ୟା jeff କାଳିଆ କୁକୁର ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ ମାଗ୍ୟା ତୋରି ନୁନି କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଚୁଦା ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ jeff ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଗ୍ୟା jeff କାଳିଆ କୁକୁର ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ ମାଗ୍ୟା ତୋରି ନୁନି କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଚୁଦା ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ jeff ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଗ୍ୟା jeff କାଳିଆ କୁକୁର ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ ମାଗ୍ୟା ତୋରି ନୁନି କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଚୁଦା ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ jeff ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଗ୍ୟା ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଗ୍ୟା jeff କାଳିଆ କୁକୁର ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ ମାଗ୍ୟା ତୋରି ନୁନି କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଚୁଦା ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ jeff ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଗ୍ୟା jeff କାଳିଆ କୁକୁର ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ ମାଗ୍ୟା ତୋରି ନୁନି କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଚୁଦା ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ jeff ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଗ୍ୟା jeff କାଳିଆ କୁକୁର ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ ମାଗ୍ୟା ତୋରି ନୁନି କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଚୁଦା ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ jeff ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଗ୍ୟା ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଗ୍ୟା jeff କାଳିଆ କୁକୁର ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ ମାଗ୍ୟା ତୋରି ନୁନି କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଚୁଦା ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ jeff ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଗ୍ୟା jeff କାଳିଆ କୁକୁର ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ ମାଗ୍ୟା ତୋରି ନୁନି କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଚୁଦା ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ jeff ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଗ୍ୟା jeff କାଳିଆ କୁକୁର ତୋରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ ମାଗ୍ୟା ତୋରି ନୁନି କୁ କାଟିଦେଲି ମାଚୁଦା ରାନ୍ଦୁଆ jeff","meta":{"title":"Jeff Bezos","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1347,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1613}} -{"text":"\n**Lí Bûn-gî** (hàn-gú: 李文儀; 1978-nî 9-gue̍h 30-ji̍t - ), Tâi-uân sin-bûn tsú-pò [en], tsú-tshî-jîn, tsè-tsok-jîn [en]; uì Ing-kok Lûn-tun tāi-ha̍k ha̍k-īnn [en] pit-gia̍p hi̍k-tit ha̍k-īnn kok-tsè kong-kiōng tsìng-tshik si̍k-sū [en]. Pat ho̍k-bū teh Tiong-kok sî-pò, Nî-tāi sin-bûn tâi [en], TVBS sin-bûn-tâi [en]. TĪ 2017-nî 6-gue̍h 1-ji̍t tsiânn-tsò Sam-li̍p iNEWS tâi, \"iNEWS siong-tsìng àm-pò\" (iNEWS最正晚報) tsú-pò. TĪ 2018-nî 9-gue̍h tsuán-jīm kāng-tsi̍p-thuân ê Sam-li̍p sin-bûn-tâi [en], pat tsò-kué àm-sî 8-tiám sin-bûn sî-tuānn \"Sin-bûn tshim一tōo\" (新聞深一度) tsú-pò. Hiān-tsú-sî tam-jīm Sam-li̍p sin-bûn-tâi \"Tsìng-góo sin-bûn\" (正午新聞) tsú-pò, í-ki̍p \"Siau-sit ê kok-kài\" ê tsú-tshî-jîn.\n\nSing-pîng\n---------\n\nUì sè-hàn Lí Bûn-gî tio̍h li̍p-tsì tsiânn-tsò tsi̍t-ê sin-bûn-jîn. Tāi-ha̍k suán-ti̍k khì-tha̍k kok-li̍p tsìng-tī tāi-ha̍k sin-bûn-hē, m̄-kù i pat thán-pi̍k kóng-kuè \"tsú-pò khang-khuè guân-pún bô teh jîn-sing ê kui-uē lāi-té\". In-tshú pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, suán-ti̍k tsìn-ji̍p Tiong-kok sî-pò tam-jīm pò-siā kì-tsiá, tshái-hóng tsìng-tī lōo-suànn iú-kuan ê sin-bûn pò-tō. Liáu-āu teh in-iân tsè-huē tsi-hā, tsìn-ji̍p Tong-hong uī-sī [en] kah Nî-tāi sin-bûn tâi [en] tam-jīm tsú-pò [en].\n\nKa-tso̍k\n--------\n\nLāu-pē Lí Khé-sìng (李啟聖) sī siōng-hāu kun-kai thè-hiu. A-kong Lí Ūn-sîng [zh] sī Tiong-hua bîn-kok kok-kun tsiòng-líng, Lí Ūn-sîng pat tam-jīm-kuè Tiong-hua bîn-kok lio̍k-kun [en] siōng-tsiòng hù-su-līng.\n\nLí Bûn-gî bo̍k-tsiân bī-hun. I bat thàu-lōo pē-bú ū tsi̍t-tsām-á ū-teh kā tshui kiò i khah-kín kiat-hun; m̄-ko i jīn-uî \"iân-hūn nā-kàu, tio̍h-ē tú-tio̍h ū-iân--ê, án-ne tō-ē kiat-hun.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 煙霞山林 (2012-07-21). \"李文儀：頭皮下的東西才是關鍵\". *煙霞山林 - gracecss # 天空部落 TIAN #*. goân-loē-iông tī 2018-09-24 hőng khó͘-pih. 2018-09-24 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n2. ↑ \"39歲仍單身！李文儀感情隨緣 對象「半夜不要嚇到就行」\". 三立新聞網. 2018-03-21. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2018-05-26. 2018-09-24 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Tong-hong uī-sī [en]\n* Nî-tāi sin-bûn tâi [en]\n* Sin-bûn tsú-pò [en]\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 新聞主播 李文儀 ê Facebook choan-ia̍h (Hàn-gí)\n* Weni Li 李文儀 tī Instagram (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Lí Bûn-gî","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1002,2633,0.38055450056969237],"infobox":["
    Lí Bûn-gî
    Ki-pún tsu-liāu
    Guân-pún miâ\nJennifer
    Kok-tsik\n\"\" Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok
    Tsik-kuàn\nTâi-uân Tâi-pak-tshī
    Tshut-senn\n1978 nî 09 goe̍h 30 ji̍t （1978-09-30）(45 hòe)
    \"\" Tâi-oân Tâi-pak-tshī
    Tsuè-ko ha̍k-li̍k\nIng-kok Lûn-tun tāi-ha̍k ha̍k-īnn [en] si̍k-sū [en]
    Kok-li̍p tsìng-tī tāi-ha̍k sin-bûn-hē pit-gia̍p
    Hun-in tsōng-hóng\nBī-hun
    Bāng-tsām\nTsú-pó Kuann-hong bāng-tsām
    Tsú-tshî ê tsiat-bo̍k kah ua̍h-tāng
    Bo̍k-tsiân\nSam-li̍p sin-bûn-tâi [en] \"Tsìng-góo sin-bûn\" tsú-pó
    \"Siau-sit ê kok-kài\" ê tsú-tshî-jîn
    Kuè-óng\nSam-li̍p iNEWS tâi, \"iNEWS siong-tsìng àm-pò\" tsú-pò
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2417}} -{"text":"**Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘** (Ji̍t-gí: 東京都) sī Ji̍t-pún ê siú-to͘. Tōa Tang-kiaⁿ sī choân sè-kài tòa siāng chē lâng ê to·-hōe. Tang-kiaⁿ pún-sin to-ū 1,200-bān ê jîn-kháu. Ji̍t-pún ê chèng-tī, keng-chè, bûn-hòa tiong-sim lóng tī hia. Ji̍t-pún Thian-hông tī hia khiā-khí; tiong-iong chèng-hú ê ki-koan mā siat tī hia. Tang-kiaⁿ sī Tang-a-chiu ê 1 ê tiong-sim.\n\nTang-kiaⁿ ê miâ piáu-sī i tī í-chá ê hú-siâⁿ Kiaⁿ-to· tang-hong. (Kiaⁿ-to· ū 1 toāⁿ sî-kan hō·-chò \"Sai-kiaⁿ\".)\n\nTang-kiaⁿ-to ê ūi-tì.\nSiong-tùi pa̍t-ê pêⁿ tōa--ê to·-chhī, Tang-kiaⁿ ê koân-lâu-á-chhù ke chiâⁿ chió tòng. Khah chē sī 6-chân chì 10-chân ê kē lâu-á. Che sī in-ūi le̍k-sú siōng, Tang-kiaⁿ tē-tài bat hoat-seng kòe chin chē pái tōa tē-tāng; hiān-tāi ê kiàn-tio̍k-hoat hān-chè khí koân-lâu.\n\nTang-kiaⁿ ū choân sè-kài hoat-tián siāng-kài chiâu-chn̂g ê tāi-chiòng ūn-su hē-thóng.\n\nHiān-jīm ê ti-sū: Koike Yuriko\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nTang-kiaⁿ, Tang-kiaⁿ-oan ê oē-chheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng.\nTang-kiaⁿ-to· pau-koat pún-tó kah gōa-tó. Pún-tó tē-khu sī Kantô pêng-goân ê 1 pō·-hūn, tī Tang-kiaⁿ-oan ê sai-pak pêng, tang-sai-hiòng iok-lio̍k 90 km khoah, lâm-pak-hiòng, 25 km. Tang ū Tiba-koān; sai ū Yamanasi-koān; lâm ū Kanagawa-koān; pak ū Saitama-koān. Tó-sū pau-koat Izu-tó kah Ogasawara-tó, kî-tiong siāng hn̄g ê tó lī pún-tó 1,000 km.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTang-kiaⁿ goân-thâu sī **Edo** (江戸) chit ê siâⁿ, tī 1457 nî khí-chō--ê. 1603 nî sêng-li̍p ê Tokugawa Bō·-hú (徳川幕府) khai-sí ùi Edo thóng-tī. Thian-hông ê chū-só· goân-chāi tī kū-to· Kiaⁿ-to·. 1868 nî ê 9-goe̍h, Tokugawa Bō·-hú lo̍h-tâi, Bêng-tī Thian-hông bēng-lêng Edo kái hō chò *Tôkyô* (Tang-kiaⁿ). Chū hit-chūn khai-sí, Thian-hông tō lóng tòa hia, Tang-kiaⁿ mā tòe leh chiâⁿ-chò Ji̍t-pún ê hú-siâⁿ. Chóng--sī, hoat-lu̍t-siōng lâi kóng, pēng bô chèng-sek chí-tēng Tang-kiaⁿ chò siú-to·.\n\n1923 nî ê Kantô Tōa Tē-tāng chō-chiâⁿ Tang-kiaⁿ ū 7-bān-lâng sí--khì. Liáu-āu ū 1 ê têng-kiàn kè-oē. Tē-jī-pái Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn tang-tiong, Tang-kiaⁿ siū tio̍h Bêng-kun hong-chà, siâⁿ-chhī tōa-pō·-hūn phò-hāi liáu-liáu. Chiàn-āu Bí-kun tī Tang-kiaⁿ tē-tài siat kun-sū ki-tē.\n\nJi̍t-pún tī 1950, 60 nî-tāi kip-sok hoat-tián ki-chhó· kiàn-siat, chè-chō-gia̍p. Kàu-kah 1964 nî Tang-kiaⁿ í-keng ū lêng-le̍k kí-pān hit nî ê Joa̍h-thiⁿ Olympia Ūn-tōng-hōe. Tang-kiaⁿ pìⁿ-chiâⁿ choân sè-kài lóng khoàⁿ-ē-tio̍h ê Ji̍t-pún \"keng-chè kî-chek\".\n\n1970 nî-tāi ê Tang-kiaⁿ hām kî-thaⁿ Ji̍t-pún to·-chhī sio-siâng, ū chiâⁿ chē tùi chng-kha sóa khì kàu siâⁿ-chhī ê î-bîn lô-kang.\n\nHêng-chèng\n----------\n\nTang-kiaⁿ sī Ji̍t-pún hêng-chèng hē-thóng î-it ê 1 ê \"to·\". To·-chèng-hú ê pān-kong tiong-sim siat tī Sinzyuku. Tang-kiaⁿ-to· pau-koat 26 ê chhī, 23 ê te̍k-pia̍t-khu, 1 ê kūn, 5 ê teng (町), kah 8 ê chhoan.\n\nTōa Tang-kiaⁿ pau-koat Tang-kiaⁿ-to· kah hù-kīn ê 3 ê koān: Kanagawa, Saitama, Tiba. Chóng-jîn-kháu: 3,341-bān lâng.\n\n### Te̍k-pia̍t-khu\n\nBīn-chek: 621 km². Jîn-kháu (2002): 828-bān lâng (pêng-kin 1 km² ū 13,333 lâng). Múi-1-ê te̍k-pia̍t-khu soán chhut ka-kī ê khu-tiúⁿ kah gī-hōe.\n\n* Adati-khu (足立区)\n* Arakawa-khu (荒川区)\n* Bunkyô-khu (文京区)\n* Tiyoda-khu (千代田区)\n* Tyûô-khu (中央区)\n* Edogawa-khu (江戸川区)\n* Itabasi-khu (板橋区)\n* Katusika-khu (葛飾区)\n* Kita-khu (北区)\n* Kôtô-khu (江東区)\n* Meguro-khu (目黒区)\n* Minato-khu (港区)\n* Nakano-khu (中野区)\n* Nerima-khu (練馬区)\n* Ota-khu (大田区)\n* Setagaya-khu (世田谷区)\n* Sibuya-khu (渋谷区)\n* Sinagawa-khu (品川区)\n* Sinzyuku-khu (新宿区)\n* Suginami-khu (杉並区)\n* Sumida-khu (墨田区)\n* Tosima-khu (豊島区)\n* Taitô-khu (台東区)\n\n### Chhī\n\n* Akiruno-chhī\n* Akisima-chhī\n* Tyohu-chhī\n* Hutyû-chhī\n* Hussa-chhī\n* Hatiozi-chhī\n* Hamura-chhī\n* Tang-kurume-chhī (Higasikurume)\n* Tang-murayama-chhī (Higasimurayama)\n* Tang-yamato-chhī (Higasiyamato)\n* Hino-chhī\n* Sai-tang-kiaⁿ-chhī (Nisi-tôkyô)\n* Inagi-chhī\n* Kiyose-chhī\n* Kodaira-chhī\n* Koganei-chhī\n* Kokubunzi-chhī\n* Komae-chhī\n* Kunitati-chhī\n* Matida-chhī\n* Mitaka-chhī\n* Musasimurayama-chhī\n* Musasino-chhī\n* Ome-chhī\n* Tatikawa-chhī\n* Tama-chhī\n\n### Kūn\n\n* Nisitama\n\t+ Hinohara (檜原村)\n\t+ Hinode (日の出町)\n\t+ Mizuho (瑞穂町)\n\t+ Okutama (奥多摩町)\n\n### Tó\n\nHêng-chèng siōng, Izu-tó (伊豆諸島) hun 4 ê \"chi-thiaⁿ\" (支庁):\n\n* Hatijô (八丈支庁)\n\t+ Aogasima (青ヶ島村)\n\t+ Hatijô (八丈町)\n* Miyake (三宅支庁)\n\t+ Mikurazima (御蔵島村)\n\t+ Miyake (三宅村)\n* Ogasawara (小笠原支庁)\n\t+ Ogasawara (小笠原村)\n* Osima (大島支庁)\n\t+ Kôzusima (神津島村)\n\t+ Nîzima (新島村)\n\t+ Osima (大島町)\n\t+ Tosima (利島村)\n\nKoan-kong tē-tiám\n-----------------\n\nTang-kiaⁿ iā-kéng\n* Kôkyo, Thian-hông ê chū-só·\n* Tang-kiaⁿ Thih-thah\n* Tang-kiaⁿ Kok-li̍p Phok-bu̍t-koán\n* Edo-Tang-kiaⁿ Phok-bu̍t-koán\n* Roppongi Hills, 1 tòng sin koân-lâu\n* Ji̍t-pún Bú-tō-koán kah Tang-kiaⁿ Dômu\n* Odaiba, tī Tang-kiaⁿ-oan ê 1 ê tōa jîn-chō-tó\n* Khēng Kiô (レインボーブリッジ) kah Yurikamome chiah-ūn hē-thóng\n* Kabukiza hì-īⁿ\n* Akasaka Palace and Jingu Gaien Park\n* Bêng-tī Sîn-kiong\n* Ueno Kong-hn̂g\n* Sumida Kong-hn̂g\n* Nagata-cho, Ji̍t-pún Kok-hōe hām kî-thaⁿ ê chèng-hú ki-koan ê tē-tiám\n* Kinryû-soaⁿ Sensô-sī, tī Asakusa\n* Tang-kiaⁿ Disney, tī Tiba-koān ê Urayasu, Tang-kiaⁿ hù-kīn\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Tokyo*** |\n\n* Tang-kiaⁿ chèng-hú ê koan-kong chu-sìn (Hôa-gí)\n\nSiong-koan tiâu-ba̍k\n--------------------\n\n* Tang-kiaⁿ\n* Tang-kiaⁿ ê te̍k-pia̍t-khu\n* Tang-kiaⁿ tē-hng\n* Siú-to͘-khian\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Ji̍t-pún ê To͘-tō-hú-koān (都道府県) |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hokkaidô tē-hng | Hokkaidô |\n| |\n| Tôhoku tē-hng | Aomori | Iwate | Miyagi | Akita | Yamagata | Hukusima |\n| |\n| Kantô tē-hng | Ibaraki | Totigi | Gunma | Saitama | Tiba | Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘ | Kanagawa |\n| |\n| Tyûbu tē-hng | Niigata | Toyama | Isikawa | Hukui | Yamanasi | Nagano | Gihu | Sizuoka | Aiti |\n| |\n| Kinki tē-hng | Mie | Siga | Kiaⁿ-to͘-hú | Tāi-pán-hú | Hyôgo | Nara | Wakayama |\n| |\n| Tyûgoku tē-hng | Tottori | Simane | Okayama | Hirosima | Yamaguti |\n| |\n| Sikoku tē-hng | Tokusima | Kagawa | Ehime | Kôti |\n| |\n| Kyûsyû tē-hng | Hukuoka | Saga | Nagasaki | Kumamoto | Ôita | Miyazaki | Kagosima | Okinawa |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2329,5392,0.4319362017804154],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6876}} -{"text":"\n**Andorra** (Óa-im: \"*an-tó͘-la*\"), choân-miâ **Andorra Kong-kok** (Catalunya-gí: Principat d'Andorra) sī Au-chiu sai-lâm-pêng ê 1 ê chiâⁿ sè ê kong-kok (\"thâu-lâng-kok\"), khiā tī Pirineo Soaⁿ-lêng, giap tī Hoat-kok kap Se-pan-gâ tiong-kan. Andorra éng-koè ko͘-li̍p, taⁿ in-ūi koan-kong, kim-iông hoat-ta̍t--khí-lâi, ke chin hoân-hoâ.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nAndorra ê tē-hêng-tô͘\nAndorra ê tē-hêng khah chē sī koân soaⁿ, pêng-kin-koân ū 1,996 m, siāng koân kàu 2,946 m. Ū 3 ê soaⁿ-kok, kî-tiong 2 ê ha̍p chò tē-3-ê. Valira-hô ê chúi tùi hia lâu khì kah Se-pan-gâ.\n\nUn-tài-hêng ê khì-hāu, m̄-koh in-ūi tī hái-poa̍t khah koân ê só͘-chāi, koâⁿ-thiⁿ ê seh khah chē, joa̍h--lâng mā khah liâng--tām-po̍h-á.\n\nHêng-chèng tan-ūi\n-----------------\n\nAndorra siat 7 ê siā-lí, hō-chò *parròquies* (tan-sò͘ *parròquia*):\n\n* Andorra la Vella\n* Canillo\n* Encamp\n* Escaldes-Engordany\n* La Massana\n* Ordino\n* Sant Julià de Lòria\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nTī Andorra, lông-gia̍p sī thoân-thóng ê keng-chè chu-goân. In-ūi Andorra ê thó͘-tē kan-na 2% sek-ha̍p chèng-choh, che chú-iàu sī chhī cheng-siⁿ, te̍k-pia̍t sī iûⁿ-á. Chia̍h-mi̍h chú-iàu sī chìn-kháu--ê.\n\nHiān-tāi ê keng-chè ki-chhó͘ í-keng choán khì koan-kong-gia̍p hām kim-iông. Koan-kong-gia̍p ê seng-sán-gia̍h chiàm GDP ê 80%. Liōng-kî-iok ta̍k-nî ū 9-pah-bān lâng khì hia koan-kong, siau-hùi. Andorra ê bián-soè chè-tō͘ kap i ê koan-kong kiàn-siat te̍k-pia̍t siū hoan-gêng. Chóng--sī, choè-kīn kúi-nî kè-piah Hoat-kok, Se-pan-gâ ê keng-chè ū khah khai-hòng, tì-tio̍h in kok-lāi ê siau-hùi sán-phín pí éng-koè khah phong-phài, soè-kim mā ū khah kē, tùi Andorra ê kēng-cheng-le̍k sī 1 ê thiau-chiàn.\n\nKim-iông-gia̍p ê bián-soè chèng-chhek mā sī keng-chè ê tōng-le̍k.\n\nChè-chō-gia̍p chú-iàu seng-sán hun, kńg-hun (*cigar*) kap ka-khū.\n\nAndorra kap Au-bêng ū te̍k-sû ê keng-chè koan-hē. I ê chè-chō-phín tī Au-bêng lāi-pō͘ bián phah chìn-kháu-soè. Lông-gia̍p-phín hong-bīn tō bô kâng.\n\n1999 nî chìn-chêng, Andorra iōng Hoat-kok ê *franc*, Se-pan-gâ ê *peseta* chò i ê hòe-pè. Taⁿ í-keng kái iōng Au-goân.\n\nSiā-hoē\n-------\n\nAndorra ê kok-bîn sī kok-ka jîn-kháu ê chió-sò͘, chiàm 33% niā-niā. Se-pan-gâ-lâng chiàm 43%, Phû-tô-gâ-lâng chiàm 11%, Hoat-kok-lâng 7%, chhun ê kok-chióng gōa-kok-lâng chiàm 6%.\n\nCatalunya-gí sī î-it ê koaⁿ-hong-gí. Chhù-piⁿ Se-pan-gâ ê Catalunya tē-tài mā kóng kāng-khoán ê oē. Se-pan-gâ-gí, Hoat-gí mā ē thong.\n\nLô-má Thian-chú-kàu sī chú-iàu ê chong-kàu.\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\nAndorra kàu-kah choè-kīn kúi-nî chiah ū bêng-khak chiōng chèng-tī thé-chè pun chò 3-hun-koân ê chè-tō͘.\n\n1993 nî ê hiàn-hoat khak-jīm Andorra sī 1 ê kok-hōe-chè ê bîn-chú thé-chè. Kok-ka ê thâu-lâng goân-chāi sī thoân-thóng ê 2-ūi *coprince*, in phài tāi-piáu-thoân khì tī Andorra. In bô chhú-siau chèng-hú koat-chhek ê koân-lī; chèng-hú ê thâu-lâng chiah chiâⁿ-si̍t ū hoāⁿ hêng-chèng-koân.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nAu-chiu ê kok-ka kap i-lāi-tē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chú-khoân kok-ka | Albania · Andorra · Armenia1 · Ò-tē-lī · Azerbaijan1 · Pak Macedonia · Belarus · Pe̍k-ní-gī · Bosnia kap Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Ku-pí-lō͘1 · Chesko · Tan-be̍h · Estonia · Hun-lân · Hoat-kok · Gruzia1 · Tek-kok · Hi-lia̍p · Hông-gâ-lī · Peng-tó · Ài-ní-lân · Í-tāi-lī · Kazakhstan1 · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lietuva · Luxembourg · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Hô-lân · Ná-ui · Pho-lân · Phû-tô-gâ · Romania · Lō͘-se-a1 · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Se-pan-gâ · Sūi-tián · Sūi-se · Thó͘-ní-kî1 · Ukraina · Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok · Vaticano | |\n| |\n| Pō͘-hūn sêng-jīn ê kok-ka | Abkhazia1 · Artsakh1 · Kosovo · Pak Ku-pí-lō͘1 · Lâm Ossetia1 · Transnistria |\n| |\n| I-lāi-tē | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tan-be̍h | Faroe Kûn-tó (kò͘-sêng-kok) |\n| |\n| Hun-lân | Åland Kûn-tó (kò͘-sêng-kok) |\n| |\n| Ná-ui | Jan Mayen ·Svalbard (Hui-kiàn-chè i-lāi-tē) |\n| |\n| Eng-kok | Akrotiri kap Dhekelia1 · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Man ·Jersey |\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ chú-khoân si̍t-thé | Au-chiu Liân-bêng  · Malta Khî-sū-thoân |\n| |\n| 1 Pō͘-hūn tī A-chiu, it-poaⁿ jīn-ûi sī Au-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 123100743\n* LCCN: n80113598\n* GND: 4001937-8\n* SUDOC: 026359065\n* NDL: 00560251\n* NKC: ge128665\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Andorra","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2345,4994,0.4695634761714057],"infobox":["\n
    Andorra Kong-kok
    Principat d'Andorra
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Andorra
    \n
    kok-kî
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Andorra
    \n
    kok-hui
    \n
    \n
    \nChu-kù: Virtus Unita Fortior
    \"Chi̍p-tiong iu-tiám tō ē-tàng kèng-ka kiông-tāi\"
    \nKok-koa: El Gran Carlemany
    \"Úi-tāi ê Charlemagne\"
    \n
    Siú-to͘
    kap siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī
    		\nAndorra la Vella
    Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân\nCatalunya-gí
    Chèng-hú\ntan-it-chè, gī-hoē-chè, kun-chú li̍p-hiàn, soán-kí kun-chú, jī-thâu chèng-tī
    • Kiōng-tông-kong
    		\nJoan Enric Vives Sicília & Emmanuel Macron
    • Tāi-piáu
    		\nJosep Maria Mauri & Patrick Strzoda
    • siú-siòng
    		\nXavier Espot Zamora
    • Tāi-phêng-gī-hōe gī-tiúⁿ
    		\nRoser Suñé Pascuet
    Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘\nTāi-phêng-gī-hōe
    Bīn-chek
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n467.63 km2 (180.55 sq mi) (tē 178 miâ)
    • chúi-he̍k (%)
    		\n0.26
    Jîn-kháu
    • 2020 nî kó͘-kè
    		\n\"Increase\"77,543 (tē 203 miâ)
    • Bi̍t-tō͘
    		\n179.8/km2 (465.7/sq mi) (tē 71 miâ)
    GDP (bêng-gī)\n2018 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n$3.237 cha̍p-ek
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n$42,035
    Gini (2003 nî)\n27.21
    kē
    HDI (2019 nî)\n\"Increase\" 0.868
    chin ko · tē 36 miâ
    Hoè-pè\nEuro (€) (EUR)
    Sî-khu\nUTC+1 (CET)
    • Hā-sî-kan (DST)
    		\nUTC+2 (CEST)
    Khui-chhia hong-hiòng\niū
    Tiān-oē khu-hō\n+376
    ISO 3166 tāi-hō\nAD
    Siōng-téng domain\n.ad
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5095}} -{"text":"**Goá Ka-tī** (Eng-gí: My Own Self) sī Joseph Jacobs chhá-chi̍p ê Eng-gí gín-á-kó͘. Ruth Manning-Sanders ê *Scot-tē Bîn-sio̍k-kó͘* (*Scottish Folk Tales*) lāi-té mā ū siu.\n\nKhài-iàu\n--------\n\nŪ 1 tùi bú-á-kiáⁿ toà tī 1 keng sè keng-á chhù, hit kho͘-ûi-á ū chē chē 'hó chhù-piⁿ'. Ū 1 àm gín-á-kiáⁿ bô ài khì khùn, lāu-bú sim-thâu ak-chak, ka-tī seng khì hioh. Boé--á ū 1 ê cha-bó͘ gín-á ùi ian-tâng-kóng lo̍h--lâi, kóng i hō chò \"Goá Ka-tī\"; cha-po͘ gín-á ìn kóng i mā hō kāng miâ. In chò-tīn sńg 1 khùn. Lō͘-boé cha-po͘ gín-á lā hoé-thoàⁿ ê sî, bô-sè-jī kā thoàⁿ-iù-á poé tùi cha-bó͘ gín-á ê kha--khì. Cha-bó͘ gín-á toā-siaⁿ ki. Hit tia̍p ū siaⁿ-im ùi iân-tâng-kóng thoân--lo̍h-lâi, mn̄g kóng hoat-seng siáⁿ tāi-chì, cha-bó͘ gín-á ìn kóng \"goá ka-tī\" khì thǹg tio̍h i ê kha. Hit ê siaⁿ-im kóng i bô eng-kai ka-tī ti hia pìⁿ-ku-pìⁿ-pih; soà--lo̍h 1 ki tn̂g chhiú-kut ùi ian-tâng-kóng chhun--chhut-lâi, kā cha-bó͘ gín-á giú cháu, siau-sit--khì.\n\nLiáu-āu, hoān-nā a-bú kiò in kiáⁿ khì khún, i lóng chiâⁿ thiaⁿ-chhùi.\n\nHō-ló-oē ê pán-pún\n------------------\n\n1997 nî Tân Tēⁿ Hông-giâu ùi Eng-gí ê pán-pún kā hoan-e̍k chò Hō-ló-oē ê **Goá Ka-tī**.\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Jacobs goân-pún ê Eng-gí pán-pún *My Own Self* Archived 2013-03-13 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Tân Tēⁿ Hông-giâu hoan-e̍k ê pán-pún","meta":{"title":"Goá Ka-tī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[117,1239,0.09443099273607748],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1519}} -{"text":"\n\n```\n **Tanah Tinggi** (Pang-bô͘:Hang-ji,Ma-lai-gú:Tanah Tinggi) ialah bahasa tanah tinggi. Tōa-má' ' ' (dà mǎ) atau sin-kā-f̄ex p̣hās̄ʹā it-poa**Chiu-hú** (zhōu f̄ ) ) dan Tang-lâm -a 1-e kok-ka 和 2-lapan kali, tiong-ng khụ̄x [[Lâm Tiong-kok Hái] Mereka khụ̄x [[Má-lâi poàn-tó] 和Thài-kok] ] putih salji Sin-ka-pho kah [ [Ìn-nî s̄umātrā-to; Tang-pō͘ hō chō Tang Má-lâi-se-a, cheīy p-kin Hui-li̍p-pin, bxr̒neīyw-tó e pak-peng (kā [[Bûn-lâi ] ]] pau tiâu leh), ǹg-lâm sī Ìn-nî.\n```\n\n```\n Ma-lai-se-a **(Pang-bô͘:Hang-ji, Ma-lai-gú: Maleseīy), the**Tōa-ma **( Pang-bô͘:Hàn-ji) dan sin-kā-f̄ex it-poa reīyk ẁā*chiw-ḥū* (zhōu fǔ) dan [[Tang-lâm -a 1- e kok-kakhṇ xāyu 2 [[Lam Tiong-kok Hái] peta sidikit] ] peta [[thịy-kk] ] peta]-thea; Tang-pō͘ hō chō Tang Má-lâi-se-a, chiap-kin Hui-li̍p-pin, chiâm bxr̒neīyw-tó e pak-peng (ka [[Bûn-lâi] ]] 33-Bank, 4192 kong-li, kok-ka siu-to͘ sī [[kạwlālạmpexr̒] 1-e jiat-tai Kok-ka, iaitu cho̍at- water tē-li hong-ūi sī [[Tē-kiû Chhiah- tō] ]] 7 hingga 10 [bahasa Inggeris]] 7 hingga**\n```\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\n### Khì-hāu\n\nMá-lâi-se-a sio̍k-î jia̍t-tài ú-lîm khì-hāu, iân-hái pêⁿ-iûⁿ pêng-kin khì-un 25℃~30℃, soaⁿ-khu pêng-kin khì-un 22℃~28℃.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Má-lâi-se-a ê le̍k-sú\nKun-kù ûi-thoân kiam seng-bu̍t-ha̍k gián-kiù, hiān-tāi jîn-lūi tī tāi-khài 40,000 tang chêng to̍h khì kàu Má-lâi Poàn-tó kap Borneo.\n\nKong-gôan 15 sè-kí chho͘-kî, tī Melaka ûi tiong-sim ê Melaka ông-kok thóng-it Má-lâi pòan-tó ê tōa-pō·-hūn só·-chāi, pēng-chhiáⁿ hoat-tián chiâⁿ-chòe tng-sî Lám-iûⁿ chú-iàu ê kok-chè bō·-e̍k tiong-sim. Kàu-kah 16 sè-kí liáu-āu, chit-ê ông-kok chêng-āu cho-siū se-hong si̍t-bîn chú-gī kok-ka Phû-tô-gâ, Hô-lân kah Eng-kok ê chhim-lio̍k, pēng-chhiáⁿ tī 1911 nî chiâⁿ-chòe Eng-kok ê si̍t-bîn-tē. Tē-jī chhù sè-kài tāi-chiàn kî-kan, Má-lâi-se-a ê 1-pō·-hūn tē-khu bat hō· Ji̍t-pún chiàm-niá, chiàn-cheng kiat-sok liáu-āu, iū-kok hoe-hok Eng-kok ê thóng-tī. 1957 nî 8 goeh 31 hō, Má-lâi-a Liân-pang thoat-lī Eng-liân-pang, si̍t-hêng to̍k-li̍p. 1963 nî 9 go̍eh 16 hō, Má-lâi-a Liân-pang hām Sin-ka-pho, Sarawak, Sabah ha̍p-pèng, sêng-li̍p \"Má-lâi-se-a Kok \".\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nMá-lai-se-a chôan-kok chóng jîn-kháu tāi-iok 3-chheng 2-pahbān lâng. Kî-tiong Má-lâi-lâng kah kî-thaⁿ ê gôan-chū-bîn chiām 60%, Tn̂g-lâng (Hôa-jîn) chiām 25%, Ìn-tō·-lâng chiām 7%. \n\n### Gí-giân\n\nMá-lâi-gí sī Má-lai-se-a ê kok-gí, m̄-koh thong-iōng ê gí-giân khiok-sī Eng-gí, che-í-gōa, Hôa-gí ê sú-iōng hōan-ûi mā put-chí-á khoah. Leng-goa koh u goan-chu-bin e kok-chiong gi-gian.\n\nChá-kî ê Tn̂g-lâng tōa-to-sò͘ lâi-chū Tiong-kok tang-lâm iân-hái tē-khu. Má-lai-se-a Tn̂g-lâng ê gí-giân, pau-koat Hok-kiàn-oē, Tiô-chiu-oē, Kńg-tang-ōe, Kheh-lâng-ōe, Pak-kiaⁿ-ōe, Hok-chiu-ōe, Hái-lâm-ōe kah kî-thaⁿ ê Tiong-kok hong-giân, kî-tiong ài-sǹg Bân-lâm-gí kah Kńg-tang-ōe ê sú-iōng jîn-kháu siāng-chē.\n\n### Chong-kàu\n\nIslam-kàu sī Má-lai-se-a ê kok-kàu. Kî-thaⁿ ê chong-kàu chú-iàu sī, Hu̍t-kàu, Ki-tok-kàu kah ìn-tō·-kàu.\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\nMá-lâi-se-a sī 1-ê liân-pang, mā sī 1-ê ū hiàn-hoat ê ông-kok. Si̍t-chè ê kôan-le̍k tī siú-siòng kah kok-hōe ê chhiú--nih. Kok-ka miâ-gī-siōng siōng-kôan ê léng-tō-lâng sī Yang di-Pertuan Agong, mā sī Islam-kàu ê léng-siù kiam bú-chong pō·-tūi ê Thâu-lâng, iû sóan-kí sán-seng. Gôan-siú chhiú-thâu ū li̍p-hoat, su-hoat kah hêng-chèng ê choè-ko kôan-le̍k, ū jīm-bēng chóng-lí, tông-ì ah-sī kū-cho̍at kái-sàn kok-hōe ê chiong-chióng kôan-le̍k. Gôan-siú ê jīm-kî sī 5-nî. Thóng-tī-chiá gī-hōe sī iû Má-la̍k-kah 4-ê chiu ê chiu gôan-siú kah kok-lāi kî-thaⁿ 9-ê chiu ê sè-si̍p sultan chó·-sêng. Thóng-tī-chiá gī-hōe ê chit-lêng sī tī-leh 9-ê sè-si̍p sultan tang-tiong lûn-liû sóan-kí sán-seng kok-ka ê choè-ko gôan-siú kah hù choè-ko gôan-siú ; sím-gī pēng-chhiáⁿ pan-pō· kok-ka ê hoat-lu̍t, hoat-kui; tùi chôan-kok-sèng ê Islam-kàu būn-tê ū chòe-chiong chhâi-koat-kôan; sím-gī sia̍p-ki̍p Ma-lâi-lâng hām kî-thaⁿ gôan-chū-bîn chi-kan ê te̍k-kôan cheng-gī téng tiōng-tāi ê būn-tôe. Hôan-sī iú-koan \"thóng-tī-chiá te̍k-kôan tē-ūi\" ê hoat-lu̍t, nā-bô keng-kòe gī-hōe tông-ì, to̍h bōe-tàng thong-kòe. Kok-hōe sī chòe-ko li̍p-hoat ki-kò·, iû \"siōng gī-īⁿ \"kah \"hā gī-īⁿ \"chó·-sêng, put-lī-kò, si̍t-kôan khiok-sī chiáng-ak tī lōe-koh chhiú-tiong.\n\n### Hêng-chèng-khu\n\n*Chham-khó: Má-lâi-se-a ê hêng-chèng-khu*\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. ↑ Virginia Matheson Hooker (2003). *A Short History of Malaysia: Linking East and West*. Short History of Asia Series. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86448-955-3.\n\nChām-gōa liân-kiat\n------------------\n\n* Malaysia tē-tô\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Malaysia*** |\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTang-lâm-a ê kok-ka |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Bûn-lâi · Hui-li̍p-pin · Ìn-nî · Kán-po͘-chē · Láu-o · Má-lâi-se-a · Bián-tiān · Oa̍t-lâm · Sin-ka-pho · Thài-kok · Tang Timor |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nA-chiu ê kok-ka kah i-lāi-tē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Kok-ka | A-la-pek Liân-ha̍p Thâu-lâng-kok · Abkhazia1 4 · Afghanistan · Ai-ki̍p5 · Armenia · Artsakh1 · Azerbaijan4 · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Bián-tiān · Bông-kó͘ · Bûn-lâi · Gruzia4 · Hui-li̍p-pin · Í-sek-lia̍t · Ìn-nî6 · Ìn-tō͘ · Iok-tàn · Iran · Iraq · Ji̍t-pún · Kán-po͘-chē · Kazakhstan4 · Ku-pí-lō͘4 · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Lâm Ossetia1 4 · Lī-pa-lùn · Láu-o · Lō͘-se-a4 · Má-lâi-se-a · Maldives · Nî-pô-lô · Oa̍t-lâm · Oman · Pak Ku-pí-lō͘1 4 · Pakistan · Palestine1 2 · Qatar · Saudi A-la-pek · Sin-ka-pho · Sri Lanka · Su-lī-a · Hân-kok · Tâi-oân1 3 · Tajikistan · Tang Timor6 · Thài-kok · Pak Tiâu-sián · Tiong-kok · Thó͘-ní-kî4 · Turkmenistan · Uzbekistan · Yemen |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ ê léng-thó͘ | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok | Akrotiri kap Dhekelia |\n| |\n| Tiong-kok | Hiong-káng  · Ò-mn̂g |\n| |\n| Ò-chiu | Cocos Kûn-tó  · Sèng-tàn-tó |\n\n |\n| |\n| Chhù: 1. M̄-sī Liân-ha̍p-kok ê hoē-oân-kok. 2.Chiáⁿ-koàⁿ Palestine būn-tê 3.M̄-sī chèng-sek ê kok-miâ, hō͘ Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok ê chèng-hú thóng-tì. Chiáⁿ-koàⁿ Tâi-oân būn-tê. 4. Mā sī Au-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. 5. Mā sī Hui-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. 6. Mā sī Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 128419926\n* LCCN: n79022246\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2177 5970\n* GND: 4037203-0\n* SELIBR: 153273\n* SUDOC: 027400212\n* BNF: cb11945050f (data)\n* BIBSYS: 99056428\n* HDS: 003420\n* NLA: 35323768\n* NDL: 00567491\n* NKC: ge129933\n* BNE: XX452375\n* CiNii: DA03173300\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Má-lâi-se-a","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2866,7016,0.40849486887115166],"infobox":["\n
    Má-lâi-se-a
    Malaysia
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"kî-á\"
    \n
    kok-kî
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"kok-hui\"
    \n
    kok-hui
    \n
    \n
    \nChu-kù: Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu
    \"Thoân-kiat chiū sī le̍k-liōng\"
    \nKok-koa: Negaraku
    \"Goán chó͘-kok\"
    \n
    Siú-to͘\nPutrajaya (hêng-chèng)
    Kuala Lumpur (hoat-tēng)
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nKuala Lumpur
    Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân\nMá-lâi-gí
    Chèng-hú\nLiân-pang, gī-hoē-chè, soán-kí kun-chú, kun-chú li̍p-hiàn
    \nAbdullah al-Haj
    • chóng-lí
    		\nIsmail Sabri Yaakob
    Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘\nKok-hoē
    • Siōng-īⁿ
    		\nGoân-ló-īⁿ
    • Hā-īⁿ
    		\nTāi-gī-īⁿ
    Bīn-chek
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n330,803 km2 (127,724 sq mi) (tē 67 miâ)
    • chúi-he̍k (%)
    		\n0.3
    Jîn-kháu
    • 2020 nî kó͘-kè
    		\n\"Neutral 32,730,000 (tē 43 miâ)
    • 2010 nî phó͘-cha
    		\n28,334,135
    • Bi̍t-tō͘
    		\n92/km2 (238.3/sq mi) (tē 116 miâ)
    GDP (PPP)\n2020 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Increase\" $900.426 cha̍p-ek (tē 30 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Increase\" $27,287 (tē 51 miâ)
    GDP (bêng-gī)\n2020 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Increase\" $336.330 cha̍p-ek (tē 36 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Increase\" $10,192 (tē 60 miâ)
    Gini (2015 nî)\n\"Positive 41
    tiong
    HDI (2019 nî)\n\"Increase\" 0.810
    chin ko · tē 62 miâ
    Hoè-pè\nMá-lâi-se-a ringgit (RM) (MYR)
    Sî-khu\nUTC+8 (MST)
    Sî-kan keh-sek\ndd-mm-yyyy
    Siong-iōng tiān-goân\n240 V, 50 Hz
    Khui-chhia hong-hiòng\nchó
    Tiān-oē khu-hō\n+60
    ISO 3166 tāi-hō\nMY
    Siōng-téng domain\n.my
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7351}} -{"text":"Ha-ma-seng po͘-thâu.\n**Há-má-seng,** mā tshing tsò **Há-má-sian,** sī Ko-hiông-chhī Kó͘-san-khu lâm-bīn khò-kīn Ko-hiông-káng ê chi̍t-ê chū-lo̍h, sī khah-chá Ko-hiông-chhī ê tiong-sim, ū éng-pái Tâi-oân chhiòng-kòan thih-lō͘ ê chhia-chām, koh-ū chham Kî-tin-khu ê Kî-āu sio-thàng ê tō͘-chûn bé-thâu.\n\nHa-ma-seng chi̍t-ê miâ sī tùi Ji̍t-pún-oē ê \"Hamasen\" (濱線) lâi-ê, sī \"hái-kîⁿ lō͘-sòaⁿ\" ê ì-sù, che-sī éng-pái thàng lâi-kàu chia ê thih-lō͘ ê miâ. Chi̍t-ê só͘-chāi tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi chha-put-to tioh-sī Minatotyô (湊町), Sinhamatyô (新濱町) chham Tokobukityô (壽町).\n\nKó͘-chek ia̍h éng-pái ê siat-si\n-------------------------------\n\n* (高雄市役所, たかおしやくしょ)\n* (高雄警察署, たかおけいさつしょ)\n* (打狗停車場)\n* (打狗第一尋常高等小學校)\n* Yamatakaya (山形屋, やまかたや)\n* Minatotyô chhī-tiûⁿ (湊町市場)\n* Ài-kok Hū-jîn Hōe-kóan (愛國婦人會館, あいこくふじんかいかん)\n* Ko-hiông iû-piān-kio̍k (高雄郵便局, たかおゆうびんきょく)\n* Butokuden (武德殿, ぶとくでん)\n* Kó͘-san hî-chhī-tiûⁿ (鼓山漁市場)\n* Eng-kok Léng-sū-kóan (英國領事館)\n* Hiông-tìn Pak-mn̂g (雄鎮北門)\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Ha-má-seng*** |","meta":{"title":"Há-má-seng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[454,1053,0.4311490978157645],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1276}} -{"text":"\n**Ò-chiu** (澳洲, Eng-gí: Australia), mā thang kiò chò **O͘-sú-to-lá-lí-ah** (オーストラリア), mā pat kiò **Hô-chiu** (豪洲/濠洲), **Hô-thài-la̍t-lī** (濠太剌利) ia̍h-sī **Ò-tāi-lī-a** (澳大利亞), choân-miâ **Australia Liân-pang**/**Ò-tāi-lī-a Liân-pang** (Commonwealth of Australia), sī chôan sè-kài thó͘-tē bīn-chek tē-6 tōa ê kok-ka, i mā sī Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu siāng-tōa ê kok-ka. Ò-chiu pún-sin sī tē-kiû téng thó͘-tē bīn-chek siōng-sè ê 1-tè lio̍k-tē. Tī Ò-chiu ê tang-lâm-hong sī New Zealand, pak-pêng 3-ê kok-ka sī Papua New Guinea, Ìn-nî kah Tang Timor. \"Australia\" chit-ê Eng-bûn tan-sû ê gôan-thâu sī Latin-gí ê \"*terra australis incognita*\" (iá-bōe liáu-kái ê **lâm-hong tāi-lio̍k**)\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTī 50000-nî chêng, Ò-tāi-lī-a chit-ê só͘-chāi to̍h ū jîn-lūi o̍ah-tōng ê kha-liah, chit-chūn tng-tē hia-ê gôan-chū-bîn ê chó͘-sian to̍h-sī ùi Tang-lâm-a poaⁿ-sóa kòe--lâi-ê. Au-chiu-lâng kàu-kah 17 sè-kí chiah hoat-hiān chit-tè tāi-lio̍k. 1770 nî, Eng-kok soan-pò͘ khai-sí tùi Ò-tāi-lī-a hêng-sú chú-kôan, 1788 nî liáu-āu, Ò-tāi-lī-a chèng-sek chiâⁿ-chòe Eng-kok ê liû-hòng-tē (penal colony). \n\n1901 nî, Ò-tāi-lī-a chiâⁿ-chòe Eng-kok ê liân-pang a̍h-sī kóng hō-chòe chū-tī léng-thó͘, sǹg kóng to̍k-li̍p ah (put-kò, si̍t-chè siōng pēng-bô ôan-chôan to̍k-li̍p). \n\nHiān-chú-sî ê Ò-tāi-lī-a sī kun-chú li̍p-hiàn chè ê kok-ka, \"kun-chú \"to̍h-sī kok-ka gôan-siú. Kun-kù Ò-tāi-lī-a ê hoat-lu̍t, \"Eng-kok kun-chú\" to̍h-sī Ò-chiu ê kun-chú. 1999 nî, Ò-tāi-lī-a kú-hêng chôan-bîn kong-koat, iōng kiōng-hô thé-chè chhú-tāi lú-hông ê thê-àn siū hó͘-koat.\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\nEng-kok lú-ông sī Ò-tāi-lī-a liân-pang ê kok-ka gôan-siú, chóng-tok sī lú-ông ê tāi-piáu. Put-jî-kò sū-si̍t siōng \"kun-chú\" chí-sī 1-chióng siōng-tin. Kok-ka ê hêng-chèng kôan-le̍k iû Lōe-koh khòng-chè, chóng-lí sī lōe-koh ê léng-tō-lâng Chóng-lí it-poaⁿ lâi kóng to̍h-sī Chiòng-gī-īⁿ to-sò͘-tóng ê léng-siù. \n\nLiân-pang gī-hōe iû 2-ê gī-īⁿ cho͘-sêng : Chiòng-gī-īⁿ (150-se̍k) kah Chham-gī-īⁿ (76-se̍k). 2-ê gī-īⁿ múi-hông 3-nî kú-hêng 1-pái ê sóan-kí. \n\n### Ò-chiu chèng-tóng\n\n* Ò-chiu Chū-iû-tóng (Australian Liberal Party, kán-chheng \"ALP\")\n* Ò-chiu Kang-tóng (Labour Party, kán-chheng \"LIB\")\n* Thôan-kiat-tóng (Unity Party, kán-chheng \"UP\")\n* Ò-chiu Le̍k-tóng (Green Party)\n* It-kok-tóng (One Nation Party).\n\nHêng-chèng-khu\n--------------\n\nAustralia chôan-kok pun-chòe 6-ê chiu, 3-ê léng-thó͘ kap 7-ê hái-goā léng-thó͘.\n\n### Chiu\n\n* Sin Lâm Wales\n* Queensland\n* South Australia\n* Tasmania\n* Victoria\n* Western Australia\n\n### Léng-thó͘\n\n* Australian Capital Territory\n* Jervis Bay Territory\n* Northern Territory\n\n### Hái-goā léng-thó͘\n\n* Ashmore kap Cartier Kûn-tó\n* Australia Lâm-ke̍k Léng-thó͘\n* Norfolk-tó\n* Christmas-tó\n* Cocos kap Keeling Kûn-tó\n* Coral-hái Kûn-tó\n* Heard kap McDonald Kûn-tó\n\n### Chú-iàu ê siâⁿ-chhī\n\n* Canberra (Siú-to͘)\n* Sydney\n* Melbourne\n* Brisbane\n* Adelaide\n* Perth\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nÒ-tāi-lī-a kok-lāi tōa-to-sò͘ ê só͘-chāi sī soa-bo̍k he̍k-chiá pòaⁿ-soa-bo̍k tē-tài (soa-bo̍k chiàm 40%). Kok-ka ê tang-lâm-pō͘ kah sai-lâm-pō͘ sio̍k Un-tài khì-hāu, thô͘-chit khah pûi; pak-pō͘ só͘-chāi sī Jia̍t-tài khì-hāu, 1-pòaⁿ sī Jia̍t-tài ú-nâ, koh 1-pòaⁿ sī chháu-gôan; tang-pak-pō͘ ū 1-ê chôan sè-kài siōng-tōa ê san-ô͘-chiau: Tāi-pó-ta (Great Barrier Reef; 大堡礁)\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nÒ-tāi-lī-a sī 1-ê chiâⁿ hôan-êng ê se-sek hūn-ha̍p-hêng keng-chè ê kok-ka, jîn-kun GDP kah Au-chiu sù-tāi keng-chè-thé ū-tè pí. Chòe-kīn chit-chām, Ò-tāi-lī-a ê keng-chè siū-tio̍h chôan-kiû keng-chè lo̍h-nńg ê éng-hiáng, ôan-á pàng-bān cheng-tióng ê sok-tō͘.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nÒ-tāi-lī-a tōa-to-sò͘ kok-bîn ê chó·-sian sī 19, 20 sè-kí ê sî-kî î-bîn kòe--lâi ê Eng-kok-lâng. Che í-gōa, koh ū 1-kóa Hi-lia̍p, Italia kah A-chiu kok-ka ê î-bîn poaⁿ-lâi chia tòa. Gôan-chū-bîn chiàm ê pí-lē khah bô kàu 1%. Chham chin-chōe hoat-ta̍t kok-ka sio-siông, jîn-kháu ló-hòa ê būn-tôe ôan-á khùn-jiáu tio̍h Ò-tāi-lī-a. \n\nÒ-tāi-lī-a ê thong-iōng-gí sī Eng-gí. 1-kóa-á gôan-chū-bîn kàu-taⁿ iu-gôan pó-liû in ê cho̍k-gí. Î-bîn cho̍k-kûn ê tē-2 tāi óng-óng ē-hiáng kóng bú-gí kah Eng-gí.\n\nChong-kàu\n---------\n\nTī Ò-tāi-lī-a, phó͘-lio̍k ū 7,8-siâⁿ ê kok-bîn sìn-hōng Thian-chú-kàu a̍h-sī Sin-kàu.\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Tân Chheng-tiong (1927-07) Sè-kài Tē-it. Kòa-chhài-chí.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Ò-tāi-lī-a Lú-iû-kio̍k\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTāi-iûⁿ-chiu ê kok-ka kap i-lāi-tē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chú-khoân kok-ka | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Si̍t-thé | Ò-chiu · Micronesia Liân-pang · Fiji · Kiribati · Marshall Kûn-tó · Nauru · New Zealand · Palau · Papua New Guinea · Samoa · Só͘-lô-bûn Kûn-tó · Tonga · Tuvalu · Vanuatu |\n| |\n| Pō͘-hūn | Koh-oa̍h-cheh-tó / Juan Fernández Kûn-tó (Chile) · Sai Papua / Papua (Ìn-nî) · Ogasawara (Ji̍t-pún) · Hawaii / Palmyra Khoân-chiau (Bí-kok) |\n\n | |\n| |\n| New Zealand ê liân-hē-pang | Niue · Cook Kûn-tó |\n| |\n| I-lāi-tē | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Ò-chiu | Ashmore kap Cartier Kûn-tó · Cocos (Keeling) Kûn-tó · Norfolk-tó · San-ô͘-hái-tó · Sèng-tàn-tó |\n| |\n| Bí-kok | Bí-kok léng Samoa · Baker-tó · Guam · Howland-tó · Jarvis-tó · Johnston Khoân-chiau · Kingman-chiau · Midway Khoân-chiau · Pak Mariana Kûn-tó · Wake-tó |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | Hoat-kok léng Polynesia / New Caledonia / Wallis kap Futuna (Hoat-kok) · Tokelau (New Zealand) · Pitcairn Kûn-tó (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok) |\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 122687544\n* LCCN: n79021326\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2096 9976\n* GND: 4003900-6\n* SUDOC: 133263886\n* BNF: cb15238526t (data)\n* BIBSYS: 90208778\n* HDS: 003477\n* NLA: 35010382\n* NDL: 00871911\n* NKC: ge128695\n* BNE: XX4575418\n* CiNii: DA02962247\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ò-chiu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2824,6271,0.4503269016105884],"infobox":["\n
    Ò-chiu Liân-pang
    Commonwealth of Australia
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Ò-chiu
    \n
    kok-kî
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Ò-chiu
    \n
    kok-hui
    \n
    \n
    \nKok-koa: Advance Australia Fair
    \"Hiòng-chiân bí-lē ê Ò-chiu\"
    Ông-ka siōng-koa: God Save the King
    \"Siōng-tè pó-iū kok-ông\"
    \n
    Siú-to͘\nCanberra
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nSydney
    Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân\nbô
    Sêng-jīn ê kok-ka gí-giân\nEng-gí
    Chèng-hú\nLiân-pang, gī-hōe-chè, kun-chú li̍p-hiàn
    • kok-ông
    		\nCharles 3-sè
    • chóng-tok
    		\nDavid Hurley
    • chóng-lí
    		\nAnthony Albanese
    Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘\nLiân-pang Gī-hoē
    • Siōng-īⁿ
    		\nGoân-ló-īⁿ
    • Hā-īⁿ
    		\nTāi-gī-īⁿ
    Bīn-chek
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n7,692,024 km2 (2,969,907 sq mi) (tē 6 miâ)
    • chúi-he̍k (%)
    		\n1.79
    Jîn-kháu
    • 2021 nî kó͘-kè
    		\n\"Neutral 23,401,892 (tē 53 miâ)
    • 2016 nî phó͘-cha
    		\n23,401,892
    • Bi̍t-tō͘
    		\n3.4/km2 (8.8/sq mi) (tē 192 miâ)
    GDP (PPP)\n2021 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Increase\" $1.427 bān-ek (tē 19 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Increase\" $55,492 (tē 22 miâ)
    GDP (bêng-gī)\n2021 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Increase\" $1.611 bān-ek (tē 13 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Increase\" $62,619 (tē 9 miâ)
    Gini (2018 nî)\n\"Positive 32.5
    tiong · tē 16 miâ
    HDI (2019 nî)\n\"Increase\" 0.944
    chin ko · tē 8 miâ
    Hoè-pè\nÒ-chiu dollar ($) (AUD)
    Sî-khu\nUTC+8; +9.5; +10
    • Hā-sî-kan (DST)
    		\nUTC+8; +9.5; +10; +10.5; +11
    Sî-kan keh-sek\ndd/mm/yyyy
    yyyy-mm-dd
    Khui-chhia hong-hiòng\nchó
    Tiān-oē khu-hō\n+61
    ISO 3166 tāi-hō\nAU
    Siōng-téng domain\n.au
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6535}} -{"text":"Hiān-tāi-hòa ê tiān-chú im-ga̍k kang-chok-sek\n**Tiān-chú im-ga̍k** (電子音樂), he̍k **tiān-im** (電音), sī ēng tiān-chú ga̍k-khì kap tiān-chú im-ga̍k ki-su̍t só͘ chè-chok ê im-ga̍k; ah chhòng-chok ia̍h-sī piáu-ián chit-khoán im-ga̍k ê im-ga̍k-ka chiū hō-chò tiān-chú im-ga̍k-ka. It-poaⁿ lâi kóng, sú-iōng tiān-chú ki-hâi ki-su̍t kap sú-iōng tiān-chú ki-su̍t chè-chok ê siaⁿ-im sī ē-tàng khu-pia̍t--ê.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* **Tiān-chú im-ga̍k** tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn.\n* History of Electroacoustic Music – Timeline\n* A chronology of computer and electronic music Archived 2017-02-28 at the Wayback Machine.\n* '120 Years of Electronic Music' History of electronic musical instruments 1880 to present day\n* Electronic Music Foundation\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85042350\n* GND: 4014355-7\n* BNF: cb121323832 (data)\n* NDL: 00561459\n* NKC: fd993392\n* BNE: XX527960\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tiān-chú im-ga̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[389,811,0.4796547472256473],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1050}} -{"text":"\n**Tn̂g Hông** (Hàn-jī: 唐鳳, Eng-gí: Audrey Tang, 1984 nî 4 goe̍h 18 ji̍t - ), sī Tâi-oân ê chū-iû nńg-thé thêng-sek siat-kè-su kah chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t, tì-le̍k tī chē hāng choan-àn ê khai-hoat kah î-hō͘, sī Haskell kah Perl siā-kûn léng-tō-chiá, mā-sī g0v lêng-sî chèng-hú he̍k-sim sêng-oân. Tn̂g Hōng sè-hàn ê sî-chūn bô koàn-sì thoân-thóng chèng-kui kàu-io̍k, ùi 14 hòe khai-sí tī chhù--lí chū-ha̍k. I kòe-khì bat tī BenQ kah Apple Inc. tam-jīm kò͘-būn ê chit-bū, mā tn̂g-kî chham-ú khai-hòng goân-sí-bé siā-kûn hia̍p-chok, chú-tō vTaiwan téng-téng pêng-tâi cháu-hiòng.\n\nI tī 2014 nî kàu 2015 nî chi-kan tam-jīm hêng-chèng-īⁿ hi-gí sè-kài hoat-kui tiâu-sek kè-ōe kò͘-būn, mā-sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok kok-ka hoat-tián úi-oân-hōe khai-hòng chu-liāu chu-sûn úi-oân-hōe kah cha̍p-jī-nî kok-bîn ki-pún kàu-io̍k khò-têng hoat-tián úi-oân-hōe úi-oân, kâng-sî mā kah Hoat-kok gōa-kau-pō͘, Hoat-kok keng-chè châi-chèng-pō͘, Pa-lí chhī-chèng-hú, Se-pan-gâ Madrid chhī-chèng-hú tī sò͘-ūi tī-lí léng-he̍k ha̍p-chok. 2016 nî 8 goe̍h, hêng-chèng-īⁿ īⁿ-tiúⁿ Lîm Choân jīm-bēng ū bāng-lō͘ chhòng-gia̍p keng-giām ê Tn̂g Hōng tam-jīm hêng-chèng-īⁿ chèng-bū úi-oân, hū-chek tok-tō sò͘-ūi keng-chè kah khai-hòng chèng-hú hoat-tián, mā-sī tē-it ūi khoa-sèng-pia̍t lú-sèng tam-jīm hêng-chèng-īⁿ chèng-bū úi-oân. I piáu-sī chìn-ji̍p hêng-chèng-īⁿ liáu-āu, ē thàu-kòe sò͘-ūi ki-su̍t kah hē-thóng hú-chō͘ kong-bū thé-hē kai-koat būn-tê, mā kiông-hòa chèng-hú pō͘-mn̂g kah kong-bîn kho-ki, kong-kiōng siā-kûn ê tùi-ōe kah ha̍p-chok. Gōa-kok mûi-thé ēng \"choân-kiû siú-ūi khoa-sèng-pia̍t pō͘-tiúⁿ\" siāu-kài i, mā-sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok tē-it ūi sò͘-ūi chèng-úi.\n\nTn̂g Hōng tī chèng-úi jīm-lāi tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ēng Robot ti̍t-pò ê kho-ki tāi-piáu Tâi-oân chham-ú Liân-ha̍p-kok Au-chiu chóng-pō͘ ê bāng-lō͘ tī-lí kok-chè hōe-gī, Liân-ha̍p-kok Jîn-lūi chù-khu kui-ōe-sú (UN-HABITAT) tī Kuala Lumpur kí-hêng ê sè-kài siâⁿ-chhī lūn-tôaⁿ, Liân-ha̍p-kok a-thài keng-chè siā-hōe úi-oân-hōe tī Seoul kí-pān ê A-thài éng-hióng-le̍k tâu-chu kang-chok-hong, mā chhin-chū chham-ú Liân-ha̍p-kok éng-sio̍k hoat-tián bāng-lō͘ tī Vaticano kí-pān ê jîn-kang tì-hūi gián-thó-hōe téng-téng.\n\nTn̂g Hông goân-miâ Tn̂g Chong-Hàn (Hàn-jī: 唐宗漢), sī Lo̍k-káng lâng kah Tâi-oân gōa-séng-lâng liân-in tē-saⁿ tāi, hū-chhin Tn̂g Kong-hôa bat tam-jīm Tiong-kok sî-pò hù chóng pian-chip kah Tân Lí-an kèng-soán chóng-thóng ê hoat-giân-jîn, bú-chhin Lí Ngá-kheng sī Siong-gia̍p chiu-khan chêng hù chóng pian-chip.\n\nChá-nî seng-oa̍h\n----------------\n\nTn̂g Hōng goân-té hō-chò Tn̂g Chong-hàn. I chū sè-hàn tio̍h chiok chhong-bêng, mā chin-chá tio̍h bat-jī tha̍k-chheh. 5 hòe ê sî khai-sí tha̍k kok-kok keng-tián tù-chok, sió-ha̍k 1 nî ē-hiáu kái liân-li̍p hong-têng-sek, 8 hòe chiap-chhiok tiān-náu kah têng-sek gí-giân ê léng-he̍k. 12 hòe khai-sí, i ēng Perl lâi siá têng-sek, 2 tang āu, in-ūi bô koàn-sì ha̍k-hāu ê seng-oa̍h kah siū-tio̍h tông-o̍h ê khi-hū, Tn̂g Hōng lî-khui ha̍k-hāu kàu-io̍k, tī chhù--lí chū-ha̍k. 19 hòe ê sî, Tn̂g Hōng í-keng tī nńg-thé kong-si khang-khòe. I siat-kè ê nńg-thé bē liáu chiok-hó, siū-tio̍h chhī-tiûⁿ ê hoan-gêng. Put-chí chiōk-che Tâi-oân kho-ki kong-si ê tōa-thâu-ke kah chú-koán chhōe i chò kò͘-būn, sīm-chì chhiūⁿ Intel chit-khoán ê kok-chè kong-si mā tâu-chu Tn̂g Hōng ê kong-si sêng-ûi kó͘-tong.\n\n2015 nî, Tn̂g Hōng tī Sêng-kong tāi-ha̍k káng-ián.\n2005 nî té, Tn̂g Hōng thàu-kòe chhiú-su̍t kái-piàn ka-kī ê sèng-pia̍t, sêng-ûi chi̍t-ê lú-sèng, jî-chhiáⁿ mā keng-kái ka-kī ê seⁿ-miâ.\n\nTī khai-hòng siā-kûn ê kòng-hiàn\n--------------------------------\n\n* g0v lêng-sî chèng-hú\n* Thài-iông-hoa ha̍k-ūn\n* khai-hòng chèng-hú\n\nChèng-tī seng-gâi\n-----------------\n\n2016 nî, tong-sî ê hêng-chèng-īⁿ-tiúⁿ Lîm Choân hi-bāng ē-sái cháu-chhōe ū kho-ki hoat-lu̍t choan-tióng, he̍k-chiá bat sin-chhòng ê jîn-châi tam-jīm chèng-bū úi-oân, hū-chek chèng-hú kah sán-gia̍p-kài chi-kan ê kau-thong. Siū-tio̍h kok-kài ê thui-chiàn, Tn̂g Hōng sêng-ûi tiōng-iàu jîn-soán, i ka-kī keng-kòe su-khó liáu-āu, tông-ì chiap-siū chit-ê iau-chhiáⁿ.\n\n2016 nî 8 goe̍h 25 ji̍t, hêng-chèng-īⁿ soan-pò͘ Lîm Choân koat-tēng jīm-bēng Tn̂g Hōng tam-jīm chèng-bū úi-oân. Tong-sî kan-ta 35 hòe ê Tn̂g Hông sī siōng-kài siàu-liân ê chèng-bū úi-oân, mā-sī le̍k-sú-siōng tē-it ê khoa-sèng-pia̍t ê koh-oân.\n\nKò-jîn seng-oa̍h\n----------------\n\nTī 1997 nî ê chi̍t phiⁿ pò-tō tang-tiong, Tn̂g Hōng ê tì-siong kin-kù kiám-giām chhek-tēng ê kiat-kó chhiau-kòe 180, só͘-í i it-ti̍t hō͘ lâng chheng-ûi \"tì-siong 180 ê thian-châi\". Put-jî-kò, i pún-jîn piáu-sī só͘-ūi ê \"180\" sī-teh kóng i ê sin-ko.\n\nTû-liáu siá têng-sek í-gōa, Tn̂g Hōng mā ē-hiáu chhòng-chok si-koa, siá sàn-bûn, tôaⁿ kǹg-khîm kah siá ga̍k-khek téng-téng. I mā bat jia̍t-tiong chóa-pâi iû-hì \"*Magic: The Gathering*\", siōng-hó ê sêng-chek sī tī a-thài-poe chìn-ji̍p 8 kiông.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* chū-iû nńg-thé\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Tn̂g Hōng ê Twitter kháu-chō\n* Tn̂g Hōng ê Facebo͘ok kháu-chō\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\n\n\n1. ↑ 吳毓敏. 外交突圍! 數位機器人直播發功 唐鳳「登上」聯合國會議發言. 中時電子報. 2017-12-23 [2020-03-08].\n2. ↑ 侯姿瑩. 李明宗, 編. 聯合國世界城市論壇 唐鳳影片分享台灣社會創新. 中央通訊社. 2018-02-13 [2020-03-08].\n3. ↑ 唐鳳數位外交　赴梵蒂岡談台灣民主. 臺灣英文新聞. 2018-03-14 [2020-03-08].\n4. ↑ 上學被圍毆想自殺...天才唐鳳活出自我 1人辯倒全場. 《自由時報》. 2016-08-26 [2020-03-08].\n5. ↑ 當黑客走入行政院，35歲的唐鳳會給台灣帶來什麼？. 端傳媒. 2016-08-25 [2020-03-08].\n6. ↑ 古美蓮. 十四歲當老闆的電腦神童. 《商業周刊》. 2004-03-03 [2020-03-08].\n7. ↑ 塗鵬揚. 最年輕政委、國際駭客唐鳳　24歲決定從「他」變成「她」. 上報. 2016-08-25 [2020-03-08].\n8. ↑ 唐筱恬. 「亞州矽谷」計畫與新創圈卡卡　林全網羅專業人才修補. 上報. 2016-08-27 [2020-03-08].\n9. ↑ 林孟汝. 唐鳳入閣 張善政：新政府夠大膽. 中央通訊社. 2016-08-28 [2020-03-08].\n10. ↑ 台灣防疫日本要學習 日媒捧台批日點閱飆高. 中央社. 2020-03-02. [2020-03-08].\n11. ↑ 叫我神童 唐鳳卻說：成年人的智商沒什麼意義. Yahoo新聞. 2017-02-11. [2020-03-08]\n12. ↑ 電競潮擋不住 唐鳳自曝曾熱衷「魔法風雲會」. UDN. 2016-10-14. [2020-03-08].","meta":{"title":"Tn̂g Hōng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1297,5960,0.21761744966442953],"infobox":["\n
    Tn̂g Hōng
    \n唐鳳
    \n
    Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok hêng-chèng-īⁿ chèng-bū úi-oân
    \n
    \nChiū-jīm
    2016 nî 10 goe̍h 1 ji̍t
    Kò-jîn chu-sìn
    Chhut-sì\n1981 nî 4 goe̍h 18 ji̍t （1981-04-18）(42 hòe)
    \"\" Tâi-oân Tâi-pak-chhī
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6731}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\n**Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu**, kán-chheng **Hiong-káng**. I ê tē-lí ūi-tì sī tī Tiong-kok Chu-kang chhut-hái-kháu chham Lâm Tiong-kok-hái kau-chiap ê só͘-chāi, sī iû Hiong-káng-tó, Kiú-liông pòan-tó, Sin-kài kah hū-kīn 200-gōa-ê sió tó-sū cho͘-sêng. Hiong-káng óa pak-pêng sī Kńg-tang-séng ê Chhim-chùn-chhī, óa se-pêng sī Chu-hái-chhī.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSin-chio̍h-khì sî-kî to̍h ū lâng tī chia khiā-khí. Tông-tiâu ê sî, Hiong-káng sio̍k-î Hūi-chiu kóan-ha̍t. \n\n1841 nî, Chheng-tiâu tī Tē-it chhù a-phiàn chiàn-cheng ê sî, hō͘ Eng-kok phah-pāi, liáu-āu siang-hong chhiam-tèng *Lâm-kiaⁿ tiâu-iok*, chiong **Hiong-káng-tó** koah hō͘ Eng-kok. Āu--lâi, Chheng-tiau koh-chài 1-pái phah-su Eng-Hoat liân-kun, pī-pek chhiam-tèng *Pak-kiaⁿ tiâu-iok*, chiong **Kiú-liong**-tó 1-pō͘-hūn thó·-tē koh-chài kòa hō͘ Eng-kok. Hit-tong-sî ê chheng-tiâu chèng-hù í-keng kiông-beh bô gôan-khì, kàu-kah 19 sè-kí āu-kî, Eng-kok koh-chài phêng kî-thaⁿ ê lí-iû hiòng Chheng-tiâu chèng-hú cho·-iōng hiān-chai ê **Sin Kiú-liông** kah **Sin-kài** í-ki̍p hū-kūn 200-gōa-ê tó-sū. \n\nTiong-hôa bîn-kok kiàn-kok āu, chèng-hú ôan-á siūⁿ-beh lâi chhú-siau hia-ê put-pêng-téng tiâu-iok, bû-nāi kok-le̍k put-chiok, koh in-ūi pîn-hôan ê lāi-chiàn pek-sú Kok-bîn chèng-hú bô êng-kang khó-lū chit-chân tāi-chì. Hit-tong-sî, bōe-chió Hiong-káng-lâng ôan-á chhut-chiⁿ koh chhut-la̍t, ōan-chō͘ Kok-bîn chèng-hú. \n\nKhòng-chiàn po̍k-hoat liáu-āu, chin-chōe Hiong-káng-lâng ti̍t-thàu koan-chîⁿ hō· Tiong-kok, ín-khí Ji̍t-pún hong-bīn chin-tōa ê put-bóan, put-sî hiòng Eng-kok léng-sū-kóan teh khòng-gī. Kàu-kah khòng-chiàn tiong-kî, Sin-kài tē-khu ê bîn-chiòng kēng-ka sī chi-chhî Pat-lō͘-kun, in tiàm Hiong-káng sêng-li̍p bú-chong-tūi, ti̍t-chiap tùi-khòng Ji̍t-pún ê bú-chong sè-le̍k. Che í-āu, Eng-kok chèng-sek soan-pò͘ hiòng Ji̍t-pún soan-chiàn, koh bô-lōa-kú, Ji̍t-pún chiàm-niá Hiong-káng, tiong-kan Ka-ná-tāi kah Ìn-tō͘ ê **kò͘-iong-peng** bat kúi-ā-pái chham Ji̍t-kun hoat-seng kek-lia̍t ê chhèng-chiàn. 1941 nî ê Seng-tàn-cheh (Ia-tàn-choeh), tng-sî ê **Káng-tok** soan-pò· hiòng Ji̍t-pún tâu-hâng, chhú-khì Hiong-káng cho-siū Ji̍t-pún lóng-chóng 3-nî 08 go̍eh-ji̍t ê si̍t-bîn thóng-tī. \n\nKhòng-chiàn sèng-lī liáu-āu, sui-jiân Kok-bîn chèng-hú chêng-keng tī Liân-ha̍p-kok tāi-hōe téng iau-kiû beh siu-hoe Hiong-káng, put-jī-kò, khiok-sī in-ūi Kok-Kiōng lāi-chiàn ê éng-hiáng, soah bô-hoat-tō· hiòng Eng-kok chèng-hú thó-hôe kong-tō. 1949 nî, Tiong-kiōng kiàn-li̍p sin Tiong-kok, Tiong-Eng siang-hong chiu Hiong-káng būn-tê ta̍t-sêng hia̍p-gī : Eng-hong kè-sio̍k hêng-sú chú-kôan, Tiong-hong m̄ kan-sia̍p; Eng-kok to̍h-ài sêng-jīn sin Tiong-kok. 1950 nî，Eng-kok piáu-sī sêng-jīn kiōng-sán Tiong-kok. Āu--lâi Tiâu-sián chiàn-cheng pok-hoat, Tiong-kok hām se-hong kok-ka pìⁿ-bīn, chìn-chhut-kháu cho-siū hong-soh, Hiong-káng chôaⁿ chiâⁿ-chò Tiong-kok **bu̍t-chu tiong-chóan, hōe-chi̍p chu-kim** kah **siu-chi̍p sìn-sit** ê thang-á-kháu. \n\n1950 nî-tāi hoat-seng kòe **iū-phài kang-hōe po̍k-lōan**, chhú-khì Kok-bîn chèng-hú ê chêng-pò jîn-ôan pī kìm-chí chhut-ji̍p Hiong-káng. \n\n1970 nî-tāi ê chho͘-kî, in-ūi Sin-kài thó·-tē khè-iok būn-tê koan-hē **Kang-Eng chèng-hú** tī Hiong-káng e chiân-tô͘, Eng-kok chèng-hú bat kúi-ā-pái hiòng Tiong-kok thê-chhut iân-tn̂g Sin-kài ê cho͘-iok, lóng siū-tio̍h kù-cho̍at. 1970 nî-tāi bóe, **Hiong-káng hôe-kui** í-keng chiâⁿ-chò Tiong-Eng 2-kok chèng-sek ê gī-tôe, chhú-khì, 2-kok ūi-tio̍h chit-ê būn-tôe sio-cheⁿ beh 20 nî. \n\n1980 nî-tāi chho·-kî, Eng-kok bat thê-chhut chiong Hiong-káng ê chú-kôan kah tī-kôan thiah hun-khui, chú-kôan sio̍k Tiong-kok, tī-kôan iu-gôan hō͘ Eng-kok. Hit-sî, bōe-chió Hiong-káng thôan-thóng siōng-liû siā-hōe chèng-tī-kài kah seng-lí-kài ê cheng-eng ôan-á piáu-sī chi-chhî Eng-kok chèng-hú ê thê-gī. 1-kóa-á khah ū miâ-siaⁿ ê Hiong-káng-lâng bat khì Pak-kiaⁿ hiòng Tēng Siáu-pêng kiàn-gī, khiok-sī lóng-chóng cho-siū Tēng Siáu-pêng kian-koat hóan-tùi. Tiong-kok ê thài-tō͘ sī **pit-su kian-koat siu-hōe Hiong-káng**, Hiong-káng-lâng ē-tàng hiáng-siū **Kang-jîn tī Káng, ko-tō· chū-tī** ê kôan-le̍k, che mā chiâⁿ-chò Tiong-Eng tâm-pòaⁿ ûi-it ê kheng-kè. \n\n1984 nî 12 ge̍h 19 hō, Tiong-Eng siang-hong chhiam-tèng *Tiong-Eng Liân-ha̍p Seng-bêng*. Kin-kù chit-hun seng-bêng, Eng-kok pit-su tī 1997 nî 7 ge̍h 1 hō, kā Hiong-káng ê chú-kôan i-kau hō͘ Tiong-kok, Hiong-kang chiong-ē chiâⁿ-chòe Tiong-kok ê chi̍t-ê **te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu**. Hia̍p-gī sêng-lo̍k kóng, Tiong-kok chèng-hú ē àn-chiàu Tēng Siáu-pêng ê it-kok lióng-chè chèng-chhek, khak-pó Tiong-kok ê siā-hōe-chú-gī chè-tō͘ bōe tiàm Hiong-káng si̍t-hêng, khak-pó Hiong-káng tú-liáu gōa-kau kah kok-hông í-gōa, tī kî-thaⁿ kok hong-bīn hiáng-siū ko-tō· chū-tī, it-ti̍t kàu-kah 50-nî āu ê 2047 nî lóng bē-tàng kái-piàn. \n\nChêng 1984 nî kàu 1997 nî chi-kan, Hiong-káng chiâⁿ-chòe chôan A-chiu siāng-kài hó-gia̍h ê siâⁿ-chhī chi-it, Hiong-káng ê jîn-kun kok-bîn seng-sán chóng-ti̍t pâi tī chôan-kiû 10-miâ chi-lāi. Sui-jiân châi-gôan kóng-chìn, m̄-koh iu-gôan bōe-tàng am-khàm Hiong-káng-lâng tùi bī-lâi chèng-kôan ê iu-lū. 1989 nî, Tiong-kok hoat-seng Lio̍k-sù thian-an-bûn sū-kiāⁿ liáu-āu, Hiong-káng-lâng chhut-hiān khong-chiân ê sìn-sim gûi-ki, sio-liân-sòa 5-nî chhut-hiān î-bîn ê ko-tiâu. It-ti̍t kàu-kah hôe-kui chêng 1-2-tang, in-ūi se-hong kok-ka ê keng-chè, te̍k-pia̍t sī Ka-ná-tāi kah Ò-chiu chhut-hiān keng-chè soe-thé, Hiong-káng ê î-bîn hiān-siōng chiah tio̍k-pō͘ ún-tēng--lo̍h-lâi. \n\nKòe-tō͘ sî-kî kàu-kah 1997 6 go̍eh 30 hō siu-soah, Hiong-káng chèng-sek kiat-sok Eng-kok si̍t-bîn thóng-tī. Bô-gî-gō· 3 go̍eh-ji̍t āu, Hiong-káng ê hè-pè siū-tio̍h gōa-lâi chhiong-kek, tē-sán sán-ti̍t tōa-hok-tō͘ hā-po̍ah, in-ūi seng-sán-sòaⁿ gōa-î, Hiong-káng phōaⁿ-ián Tiong-kok chóan-kháu bō·-e̍k ê iu-sè kàng-kē, sit-gia̍p, thong-hōe siu-siok ê būn-tôe lóng-chiau lâi. Te̍k-khu chèng-hú sio-liân-sòa hoat-seng chèng-chhek sit-gō͘, mûi-thé tùi chèng-hú chhāu-chhāu-liām, siā-hōe kok-kài mā chin put-bóan.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nHiong-káng chóng thó·-tē bīn-chek 1092 k㎡, kî-tiong 75% ê thó·-tē sio̍k kau-iá tē-tāi. Hiong-káng sio̍k A-jia̍t-tāi khì-hāu, kôaⁿ-thiⁿ sī kôaⁿ koh sip, jo̍ah-thiⁿ jo̍ah koh kāu-hō·, chhiu-kùi ū tām-po̍h-á ak-chak-jo̍ah, sam-put-gô͘-sî ē khí-hong-thai. Chóng--si, sè-kùi ji̍t-thâu-kng chhiong-chiok.\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\nHiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu iû Hiong-káng hêng-chèng tiúⁿ-koaⁿ (tong-tē kóng \"tek-siú\") choh-ûi chèng-hú léng-tō. Te̍k-siú iû **Sóan-kú Úi-ôan-hōe** piáu-koat sán-seng. Tē-it kài úi-ôan ê sêng-ôan iû Tiong-kok chèng-hú chí-phái, chhú-khì lóng ài iû **Kong-lêng Chó͘-pia̍t** sóan-bîn sóan--chhut-lâi. Hêng-chèng tiúⁿ-koaⁿ jīm-kî 5-nî, siōng-chē ē-tàng kèng-sóan liân-jīm 1-pái. \n\nTē-it-jīm te̍k-siú sī Tàng Kiàn-hôa, tī 1997 nî 7 go̍eh 1 ji̍t chèng-sek chiūⁿ-jīm. 2002 nî 2 go̍eh, Tàng Kiàn-hôa sūn-lī thong-kòe liân-jīm kèng-sóan, jīm-kî àn 2002 nî 7 go̍eh khai-sí kàu-kah 2007 nî 6 go̍eh kiat-sok. \n\nHiong-káng Li̍p-hoat-hōe sóan-kí tī 1998 nî 5 goeh hām 2000 nî 9 go̍eh kú-héng kòe 2-kài. Àn-chiàu Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu Ki-pún-hoat kui-tēng, tē-it-kài li̍p-hoat-hōe siat 60-se̍k, kî-tiong 24-se̍k ti̍t-chiap iu tē-khu sóan-kú sán-seng, 30-se̍k chò-ûi **kong-lêng cho͘-pia̍t** se̍k-ūi, chhun--ê 6-se̍k iû Sóan-kú Úi-ôan-hōe tâu-piò.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nHiong-káng sī 1-ê ko-tō͘ i-lāi kok-chè bō͘-e̍k ê chū-iû chhī-tiûⁿ, in-ūi khiàm-khoat chū-jiân chu-gôan, si̍t-phín kah gôan-liāu lóng su-iàu chìn-kháu. Sū-si̍t siōng, chìn-chhut-kháu (pau-koat chóan-kháu ) lóng chhiau-kòe kok-lāi seng-sán chóng-ti̍t, chún-kóng tī iá-bōe hôe-kui Tiong-kok chìn-chêng, Hiong-káng ê bō͘-e̍k kah tâu-chu lóng kah Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k koan-hē bi̍t-chhiat. \n\nHiong-káng ê **jîn-kun seng-sán chóng-ti̍t** ē-tàng chham Se-Au 4-ê chú-iàu ê keng-chè-thé sio-pí-pēng. Tī 1989 nî kàu-kah 1997 nî kî-kan, kok-lāi seng-sán chóng-ti̍t múi-nî pêng-kun cheng-hok ta̍t-kàu 5%. 1998 nî A-chiu kim-iông hong-poh chêng-keng hō͘ Hiong-káng cho-siū tîm-tāng ê táⁿ-kek, kok-lāi seng-sán chóng-ti̍t hā-kàng 5%. Hiān-chú-sî lâi kóng, chôan-kiû keng-chè put-kéng-khì tùi Hiong-káng chhut-kháu ôan-á ū chin-tōa ê éng-hiáng.\n\nJîn-kháu chu-liāu\n-----------------\n\n### Jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘\n\nHiong-káng sī chôan sè-kài jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō· siāng-kôan ê só·-chāi chi-it, pêng-kun mui-1-k㎡ tāi-iok khiā 6,700 lâng. Tōa-to-sò· ê Hiong-káng-lâng tòa-tī ko-kip ê lâu-á-chhù lāi-té, pêng-kun 1-hō͘ iû 4-ê lâng cho·-sêng ê ka-têng khiā-chhù bīn-chek chí-ū 400~800 pêng-hong-chhioh. \n\n### Chhut-seng lu̍t kah jîn-kháu lāu-hòa\n\nHiong-káng jîn-kháu ê chhut-seng-lu̍t, tī chôan-kiû 225-ê kok-ka kah tē-khu tang-tiong pai-tī siōng soah-bóe, pêng-kin 1000-ê lâng chiah seng-io̍k 7.23-ê âng-eⁿ-á.。Koh ka-siōng lâng ê siū-miā iú-só· cheng-ka, jîn-kháu lāu-hòa ê thêng-tō· lú-lâi-lú tōa. Àn-chiàu Hiong-káng Chèng-hú Thóng-kè-chhù tī 2004 nî hoat-piáu ê *Hiong-káng jîn-kháu thui-sǹg 2004~2033*, kó·-kè kàu 2033 nî, chôan-chhī chhiau-kòe 65-hōe ê jîn-kháu chiong ē ta̍t-kàu 27%, pí 2003 nî ê 11%, cheng-tióng ke-chin tōa. Che lóng giâm-tiōng éng-hiáng tio̍h siâⁿ-chhī hoat-tián ê kui-ōa. \n\n### Gí-giân\n\nKńg-tang-ōe (O̍at-gí, Kńg-chiu-ōe,Pe̍h-ōe) sī Hiong-káng tōa-to-sò· lâng sú-iōng ê Hàn-gí hong-giân, lēng-gōa, chió-sò͘ siā-khu tī lāi-pō͘ thang-hêng Hokkien, Siōng-hái-ōe, Tiô-chiu-ōe a̍h-sī Kheh-lâng-ōe. \n\nHiong-káng hām Tiong-kok ē Kńg-chiu tē-khu pēng-bô ôan-chôan kāng-khóan, Hiong-káng-lâng tī ha̍k-hāu iōng Kńg-tang-ōe kau-ha̍k, Li̍p-hoat-hōe sú-iōng Kńg-tang-ōe hoat-giân kah piān-lūn. Put-jī-kò, ū 1-ê hiān-siōng kài kî-kòai, to̍h-sī kóng, Hiong-káng-lâng teh siá chok-bûn ê sî-chūn ôan-á sú-iōng Phó͘-thong-ōe ê gí-hoat. Hiong-káng chiáu-gôan su-iōng **hôan-thé Hàn-jī**. \n\nHiong-káng lēng-gōa 1-ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân sī Eng-gí. Eng-gí tī Hiong-káng kài sî-kiâⁿ, tī-leh chôan-chhī 114-só· Eng-bûn ha̍k-hāu tang-tiong, chha-put-to lóng-sī iōng Eng-gú kàu-ha̍k (tú-liáu Tiong-kok gí-bûn, le̍k-su kah bûn-ha̍k ). It-chhè tiōng-iàu ê koaⁿ-hong bûn-kiāⁿ lóng-chóng ài ū Eng-bûn pán-pún, ū-ê sīm-chì kan-taⁿ ū Eng-bûn pán-pún--niā-niā. Tī Li̍p-hoat-hōe hōe-gī a̍h-sī tiōng-iàu ê sin-bûn hoat-pō͘-hōe téng, it-poaⁿ lóng ū chek-sî hoan-e̍k. \n\nPut-jī-kò, kīn-nî-lâi Hiong-káng-lâng ê Eng-gí chúi-pêng khiok-sī put-tōan teh hā-kàng.\n\n### Chong-kàu\n\nChha-put-to múi-1-ê chú-iàu ê chong-kàu lóng ē-tàng tī Hiong-káng chhōe-tio̍h sìn-tô·, chú-liû chong-kàu pau-koat Hu̍t-kàu, Thian-chú-kàu, Ki-tok-kàu, Tō-kàu, Hôe-kàu kah Jû-kàu. Ah m̄-koh bô-lūn sī siáⁿ-khóan ê chong-kàu pōe-kéng, tōa-to-sò͘ Hiong-káng-lâng lóng ū chè-pài chó·-kong ê thôan-thóng.\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\n### Bûn-hòa o̍ah-tōng\n\n* Hiong-káng bûn-ha̍k\n* Hiong-kang tiān-iáⁿ\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Hong Kong*** |\n\n* Chèng-hú koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām\n* Hiong-káng Lú-iû Hoat-tián-kio̍k\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê it-kip hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Ti̍t-hat-chhī | Pak-kiaⁿ  **·** Siōng-hái  **·** Thian-chin  **·** Tiông-khèng | Tiong-kok |\n| |\n| Séng | An-hui  **·** Chheng-hái  **·** Chiat-kang  **·** Hái-lâm  **·** Hek-liông-kang  **·** Hok-kiàn  **·** Hô-lâm  **·** Hô-pak  **·** Hûn-lâm  **·** Kam-siok  **·** Kang-sai  **·** Kang-so͘  **·** Kiat-lîm  **·** Kńg-tang  **·** Kùi-chiu  **·** Liâu-lêng  **·** Ô͘-lâm  **·** Ô͘-pak  **·** Siám-sai  **·** Soaⁿ-sai  **·** Soaⁿ-tang  **·** Sù-chhoan  **·** *Tâi-oân (bô si̍t-chè thóng-tī)* |\n| |\n| Chū-tī-khu | Lāi-bông-kó͘  **·** Kńg-sai  **·** Lêng-hā  **·** Se-chōng  **·** Sin-kiong |\n| |\n| Te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu | Hiong-káng  **·** Ò-mn̂g |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê tiōng-iàu siâⁿ-chhī |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Ti̍t-hat-chhī | Pak-kiaⁿ · Siōng-hái · Thian-chin · Tiông-khèng |\n| |\n| Hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī | Bú-hàn · Chè-lâm · Chheng-tó · Chhim-chùn · Ē-mn̂g · Hâng-chiu · Hah-ní-pin · Kńg-chiu · Lâm-kiaⁿ · Lêng-pho · Se-an · Sêng-to͘ · Sím-iông · Tāi-liân · Tiông-chhun |\n| |\n| Séng-to͘ | Chio̍h-ka-chng · Gîn-chhoan · Hái-kháu · Ha̍p-pûi · Hohhot · Hok-chiu · Khun-bêng · Kùi-iông · Lâm-chhiong · Lâm-lêng · Lân-chiu · Lhasa-chhī · Se-lêng · Tēⁿ-chiu · Thài-goân · Tn̂g-soa · Ürümqi |\n| |\n| Te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu | Hiong-káng · Ò-mn̂g |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTang-a ê kok-ka |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Bông-kó͘ · Ji̍t-pún · Hân-kok · Pak Tiâu-sián · Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok (Tâi-oân) · Tiong-kok \n**I-lāi-tē**: Hiong-káng · Ò-mn̂g |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nA-chiu ê kok-ka kah i-lāi-tē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Kok-ka | A-la-pek Liân-ha̍p Thâu-lâng-kok · Abkhazia1 4 · Afghanistan · Ai-ki̍p5 · Armenia · Artsakh1 · Azerbaijan4 · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Bián-tiān · Bông-kó͘ · Bûn-lâi · Gruzia4 · Hui-li̍p-pin · Í-sek-lia̍t · Ìn-nî6 · Ìn-tō͘ · Iok-tàn · Iran · Iraq · Ji̍t-pún · Kán-po͘-chē · Kazakhstan4 · Ku-pí-lō͘4 · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Lâm Ossetia1 4 · Lī-pa-lùn · Láu-o · Lō͘-se-a4 · Má-lâi-se-a · Maldives · Nî-pô-lô · Oa̍t-lâm · Oman · Pak Ku-pí-lō͘1 4 · Pakistan · Palestine1 2 · Qatar · Saudi A-la-pek · Sin-ka-pho · Sri Lanka · Su-lī-a · Hân-kok · Tâi-oân1 3 · Tajikistan · Tang Timor6 · Thài-kok · Pak Tiâu-sián · Tiong-kok · Thó͘-ní-kî4 · Turkmenistan · Uzbekistan · Yemen |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ ê léng-thó͘ | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok | Akrotiri kap Dhekelia |\n| |\n| Tiong-kok | Hiong-káng  · Ò-mn̂g |\n| |\n| Ò-chiu | Cocos Kûn-tó  · Sèng-tàn-tó |\n\n |\n| |\n| Chhù: 1. M̄-sī Liân-ha̍p-kok ê hoē-oân-kok. 2.Chiáⁿ-koàⁿ Palestine būn-tê 3.M̄-sī chèng-sek ê kok-miâ, hō͘ Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok ê chèng-hú thóng-tì. Chiáⁿ-koàⁿ Tâi-oân būn-tê. 4. Mā sī Au-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. 5. Mā sī Hui-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. 6. Mā sī Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 134815917\n* LCCN: n81001722\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2179 3140\n* GND: 4025822-1\n* SUDOC: 027953920\n* BNF: cb11988563q (data)\n* HDS: 003406\n* NLA: 36343200\n* NDL: 00563400\n* NKC: ge129286\n* CiNii: DA0723869X\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Hiong-káng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[4168,14540,0.2866574965612105],"infobox":["\n
    Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu
    中華人民共和國香港特別行政區
    Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
    \n
    Tiong-kok ê te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu
    \n\n
    \n
    \"Tiong-hoâ
    khu-kî
    \"Tiong-hoâ
    khu-hui
    \n
    Chú-khoân kok-ka\nTiong-kok
    Hêng-chèng tiong-sim\nTiong-se-khu
    Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân\nHàn-gí, Eng-gí
    sêng-jīn ê tē-hng gí-giân\nOa̍t-gí, Eng-gí
    Chèng-hú\nSiā-hōe-chú-gī kok-ka ê hêng-chèng khoân-hān úi-jiōng (it-kok-lióng-chè)
    \nLîm Tēⁿ Goa̍t-ngô͘
    • Chèng-bū-su-tiúⁿ
    		\nLí Ka-chhiau
    • Li̍p-hoat-hōe chú-se̍k
    		\nNiû Kun-gān
    • Choè-ko hoat-koaⁿ
    		\nTiuⁿ Kí-lêng
    Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘\nLi̍p-hoat-hōe
    Kok-ka Tāi-piáu
    • Choân-kok Jîn-tāi
    		\n36
    • Choân-kok Chèng-hia̍p
    		\n203
    Bīn-chek
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n2,754.97 km2 (1,063.70 sq mi) (tē 168 miâ)
    • Chúi-he̍k (%)
    		\n59.70
    Jîn-kháu
    • 2019 nî kó͘-kè
    		\n7,500,700 (tē 103 miâ)
    • Bi̍t-tō͘
    		\n6,777/km2 (17,552.3/sq mi) (tē 4 miâ)
    GDP (PPP)\n2021 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Increase\"$472.395 cha̍p-ek (tē 46 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Increase\"$62,839 (tē 10 miâ)
    GDP (bêng-gī)\n2021 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Increase\"$368.633 cha̍p-ek (tē 39 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Increase\"$49,036 (tē 20 miâ)
    Gini (2016 nî)\n\"Negative 53.9
    ko
    HDI (2019 nî)\n\"Increase\" 0.949
    chin ko · tē 4 miâ
    Hoè-pè\nHiong-káng dollar (HK$) (HKD)
    Sî-khu\nUTC+8 (HKT)
    Sî-kan keh-sek\ndd-mm-yyyy
    yyyy年mm月dd日
    Siong-iōng tiān-goân\n220 V–50 Hz
    Khui-chhia hong-hiòng\nchó
    Tiān-oē khu-hō\n+852
    Siōng-téng domain\n.hk
    .香港
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":16155}} -{"text":"\n**Idaho** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú kap siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Boise.\n\nTē-hō-miâ\n---------\n\nTē-hō-miâ ê gí-goân bô khak-tēng ê kóng-hoat. Tī 1860 nî-tāi chá-kî, tong Bí-kok Kok-hōe leh khó-lū ùi Rocky Soaⁿ-tē khui-siat sin léng-thó͘ (territory) ê sî, chèng-tī soeh-kheh George M. Willing thê-chhut liáu *Idaho* chit-ê miâ, í iap kóng he sī Shoshone-gí ê ōe, sī \"ji̍t-thâu tùi soaⁿ chhut--lâi\", he̍k-chiá \"soaⁿ-lâi ê pó-chio̍h\" téng ì-sù. M̄-koh i āu-bóe sêng-jīm hit-ê miâ kî-si̍t sī i ka-tī hoat-bêng--ê.\n\nLiáu-āu kok-hōe chiō koat-tēng chiong sin niá tē-hng hō-miâ chò COlorado Léng-thó͘, 1861 nî 2 goe̍h chhòng-li̍p. Kâng nî ùi Washington Léng-thó͘, ū chi̍t-ê Idaho Kūn sêng-li̍p, in-ê miâ sī tùi chi̍t chiah hóe-chûn hō--ê. Āu--lâi pau-koat Idaho Kūn chāi-lāi ê pō͘-hūn Washington Léng-thó͘, chiō tī 1863 nî sin-siat Idaho Léng-thó͘.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nIdaho ê tē-hêng tē-tô͘\nÙi Idaho sì-ûi, ū Bí-kok ê 6-ê chiu-hūn, kap Canada ê 1-ê séng-hūn. Tī pún chiu tang-pêng kap pak-pêng sī Montana, lēng-gōa óa tang mā ū Wyoming, lâm-pêng ū Nevada kap Utah, sai-pêng sī Washington kap Oregon. Canada pian-kài ê tùi-bīn sī British Columbia.\n\nIdaho ê chòe koân tiám sī Borah Peak, ū 3,859 kong-chhioh koâng; chòe kē tiám tī Lewiston tē-hng Clearwater Hô chiap ji̍p Snake Hô ê só͘-chāi, ū 216 kong-chhioh koân. Chiu lāi chú-iàu ê soaⁿ-tē ū Sawtooth Soaⁿ-me̍h, Bitterroot Soaⁿ-me̍h, White Cloud Soaⁿ-tē, Lost River Soaⁿ-me̍h, Clearwater Soaⁿ-hē kap Salmon River Soaⁿ-tē téng ūi.\n\nChú-iàu ê hô-chhoan ū Snake Hô, Clark Fork Hô kiam i-ê āu-tōaⁿ Pend Oreille Hô, koh ū Clearwater Hô, Salmon Hô téng khe.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nÍ-keng chai-iáⁿ 14,500 nî chó-iū chìn-chêng chio̍h ū lâng tī Idaho chit ūi khiā-khí. Twin Falls hū-kīn ū khó-kó͘ ûi-chek Wilson Butte Cave, hong hoat-hiān Pak Bí-chiu jîn-lūi oa̍h-tāng chèng-kù lāi sîn-kan siāng chá--ê chi it. Nā chiàu hiān-tāi chu-liāu só͘ chai, ùi pún tē-hng khiā-khí ê goân-chū-bîn, ū pak-pō͘ ê Nez Percé kap lâm-pō͘ ê Shoshone.\n\nLewis kap Clark ê thàm-châ-tūi tī 1805 nî 8 goe̍h 12 lâi kàu hiān-sî só͘ kóng ê Idaho tē-khu. Lēng-gōa Wilson Price Hunt niá-chhōa ê chi̍t tīn Au-chiu-hē thàm-hiám-chiá, tī 1811 nî kàu 1812 nî chêng-āu ji̍p kàu Idaho lâm-pō͘, hit-tang-chūn pún tē ū tāi-khài 8000 ūi goân-chū-bîn tng khiā-khí.\n\n1863 nî kàu 1866 nî kan Idaho Léng-thó͘ kì-chiong.\nMô͘-phôe seng-lí ín lâi thâu chi̍t pái tōa-liōng ê Au-chiû-lâng kòe lâi Idaho. Missouri Phôe-chháu Kong-si (Missouri Fur Company) ê Andrew Henry, tī 1810 nî chìn-ji̍p Snake Hô pêⁿ-po͘, ùi kin-á-ji̍t St. Anthony hū-kīn khí siat chē-iâⁿ, chóng-sī bô lōa kú chio̍h hong pàng-sak.\n\n1863 nî 3 goe̍h 4 ji̍t ê sî, Idaho Léng-thó͘ sêng-li̍p; 1890 nî 7 goe̍h 3 ji̍t, chóng-thóng Benjamin Harrison chhiam-sú hoat-àn hō͘ Idaho siat chò sin chiu-hūn, tong-sî ū jîn-khau 88,548 lâng, thâu jīm chiu-tiúⁿ sī George L. Shoup.\n\nIdaho sī Tōa Siau-tiâu sî-kî siū-hāi giâm-tiōng ê chi̍t chiu, siū tio̍h lông-sán kè-siàu tōa lo̍h ê éng-hióng, chāi-tē lông-bîn ê siu-ji̍p tùi 1929 nî ê bí-nî 686 bí-kim lo̍h ka 1932 nî ê 250 bí-kim.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nKun-kù chū-ngó͘ pò-tō chu-liāu, Tek-kok-hē (*German*) kap Eng-lân-hē (*English*) tī Idaho chiàm to-sò͘.\nKun-kù Bí-kok Phó͘-cha Kio̍k ê ko͘-sǹg, Idaho tī 2015 nî 7 goe̍h 1 ji̍t ê jîn-kháu ū 1,654,930 lâng; pí 2010 nî ê phó͘-cha sò͘-jī ke 5.57%\n\nNā chiàu 2010 nî phó͘-cha, jîn-kháu lāi-bīn 89.1% sī Pe̍h-lâng; 0.6% sī O͘-lâng he̍k-chiá Hui-chiu-hē Bí-kok-lâng, 1.4% sī Bí-kok Indian-lâng kap Alaska Pún-thó͘-lâng; 1.2% sī A-chiu-hē Bí-kok-lâng; 0.1% sī Pún-thó͘ Hawaii-lâng kap Kî-tha Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Tó-bîn; 2.5% sī nn̄g cho̍k í-siōng pōe-kéng.\n\nLēng-gōa pe̍h-lâng lāi-bīn ū chi̍t khoán Se-pan-gâ-hē (Latin/Hispanic), chiàm chóng jîn-kháu ū 11.2%.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nIdaho tī 2014 nî ê chiu-lāi seng-sán chóng-gia̍h sī 63,235 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (*health care and social assistance*) gia̍p.\n\nIdaho sī tiōng-iàu ê lông-gia̍p chiu, seng-sán Bí-kok beh 1/3 ê má-lêng-chî. Kang-gia̍p ê hong-bīn, Idaho khah chú-iàu--ê ū si̍t-phín ka-kang, lîm-gia̍p, ki-hâi, hòa-ha̍k chè-phín, chè-chóa, tiān-chú-gia̍p, gîn-á kap kî-tha khòng-gia̍p, koh ū koan-kong-gia̍p.\n\nKīn-taⁿ kho-ha̍k kap ki-su̍t sèng-chit kang-gia̍p tī Idaho ū tiōng-iàu tē-ūi. In chiàm 25% chiu-lāi chóng siu-ji̍p, kap 70% ê chhut-kháu. Boise tùi 1970 nî-tāi í-lāi, hoat-tián chò poàn-tó-thé chè-chō-gia̍p ê chi̍t-ê tiong-sim, sī Micron Technology ê chó͘-pō͘. Lēngg-āo mā ū Hewlett-Packard ê í seng-sán printer ûi chú ê kang-tiûⁿ.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. 1 2 \"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015\" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 26, 2015. December 26, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"Median Annual Household Income\". *The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation*. December 9, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Beauty Reset\". *NGS data sheet*. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. October 20, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. October 21, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. 1 2 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n6. ↑ \"Idaho\", *QuickFacts*, US: Census Bureau, July 12, 2013 khòaⁿ--ê .\n7. ↑ Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Idaho, FRED.\n8. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nBí-kok ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chiu | Alabama  · Alaska  · Arizona  · Arkansas  · California  · Colorado  · Connecticut  · Delaware  · Florida  · Georgia  · Hawaiʻi  · Idaho  · Illinois  · Indiana  · Iowa  · Kansas  · Kentucky  · Louisiana  · Maine  · Maryland  · Massachusetts  · Michigan  · Minnesota  · Mississippi  · Missouri  · Montana  · Nebraska  · Nevada  · New Hampshire  · New Jersey  · New Mexico  · New York  · North Carolina  · North Dakota  · Ohio  · Oklahoma  · Oregon  · Pennsylvania  · Rhode Island  · South Carolina  · South Dakota  · Tennessee  · Texas  · Utah  · Vermont  · Virginia  · Washington  · West Virginia  · Wisconsin  · Wyoming | Flag of the United States |\n| |\n| Tia̍t-pia̍t-khu: | Washington, D.C. |\n| |\n| Léng-thó͘ | Baker-tó  · Bí-kok léng Samoa  · Guam  · Howland-tó  · Jarvis-tó  · Johnston Khoân-chiau  · Kingman-chiau  · Midway Khoân-chiau  · Navassa-tó  · Pak Mariana Kûn-tó  · Palmyra Khoân-chiau  · Puerto Rico  · Bí-kok léng Virgin Kûn-tó  · Wake-tó |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 148929220\n* LCCN: n81014565\n* ISNI: 0000 0004 0431 6432\n* GND: 4026462-2\n* SELIBR: 148562\n* SUDOC: 17654240X\n* NDL: 00900524\n* NKC: ge129378\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Idaho","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3051,7388,0.4129669734704927],"infobox":["\n
    Idaho Chiu
    State of Idaho
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kûChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: Gem State
    \nPiau-gí: Esto perpetua (Latin ì-gī: \"Hō͘ i thoân éng-sè\")
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Idaho highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nEng-gí
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nIdahoan
    Siú-hú
    (kiam siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī)    		\nBoise
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nBoise to͘-hōe-khu
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-14
     • Ha̍p-kè\n83,800 sq mi
    (216,900 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n305 lí (491 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n479 lí (771 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n0.98
     • Hūi-tō͘\n42° N to 49° N
     • Keng-tō͘\n111°03′ W to 117°15′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-39
     • Ha̍p-kè\n1,683,140 (2016 nî ko͘)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n20.1/sq mi  (7.76/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē44
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$51,624 (36th)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nBorah Peak
    12,662 ft (3,859 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n5,000 ft  (1,520 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nSnake kap Clearwater Hô sio-chiap tē; Lewiston
    713 ft (217 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nIdaho Léng-thó͘
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\n1890 nî 7 goe̍h 3 ji̍t (tē-43)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nButch Otter (R)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nBrad Little (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nIdaho Li̍p-hoat-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-īⁿ
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gi-īⁿ
    Chham-gī-goân\nMike Crapo (R)
    Jim Risch (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n1–Raúl Labrador (R)
    2–Mike Simpson (R) (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \n 
     • north of Salmon River\nPacific: UTC −8/−7
     • remainder of state\nMountain: UTC −7/−6
    ISO 3166\nUS-ID
    Kán-siá\nID,
    Bāng-chām\nwww.idaho.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7578}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\n**Hui-li̍p-pin** ia̍h-sī im-e̍k chò **Hui-lu̍t-pin** (Hàn-jī: 菲立賓；Hàn-gí: 菲律賓), choân-chheng **Hui-li̍p-pin Kiōng-hô-kok** (Hui-li̍p-pin-gí: Republika ng Pilipinas), tī A-chiu ê tang-pō͘, iû Thài-pêng-iûⁿ ê Hui-li̍p-pin Kûn-tó kah sì-kho͘-le̍ ê tó-sū, lóng-chóng 7500 gōa ê tōa-sió tó-sū cho͘-sêng.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTāi-iok chêng 3000 nî ê sî, Lâm-tó bîn-cho̍k khai-sí tī Hui-li̍p-pin khiā-khí, chia Lâm-tó lâng chú-iàu sī tùi Tâi-oân kòe--lâi. Kàu chêng 500 nî ê sî-chūn, Hui-li̍p-pin khai-sí kap Ìn-tō͘, Lâm-iûⁿ kî-thaⁿ só͘-chāi, koh-ū Tiong-kok ū bō͘-e̍k lâi-óng.\n\nKong-gôan 1521 nî, Au-chiu thàm-hiám-ka Ferdinand Magellan chhōa-tio̍h i thàm-hiám-tūi keng-kòe chit-ê só·-chāi. 1565 nî liáu-āu, Se-pan-gâ khai-sí thóng-tī chit-phiàn thó·-tē, 1898 nî liáu-āu ōaⁿ Bí-kok thóng-tī. 1935 nî, kok-ka chhòng-kiàn \"kiōng-tông-thé \", 1946 nî chhú-tit ôan-chôan ê to̍k-li̍p. \n\nTē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn kî-kan, bat hō· Ji̍t-pún-lâng chiàm-niá kòe 1-chām. 1965 nî kòe-āu, chóng-thóng Ferdinand Marcos si̍t-hêng to̍k-chhâi thóng-tī, it-ti̍t kàu-kah 1981 nî, Maria Corazón Aquino kèng-sóan sèng-lī liáu-āu, chiah kóaⁿ-cháu Marcos, pēng-chhiáⁿ chiong i khu-tiok chhut-kéng.\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\nHui-li̍p-pin si̍t-hêng chóng-thóng-chè. Chóng-thóng sī kok-ka ê gôan-siú kiam chèng-hú siú-náu, koh kiam bú-chong pō·-tūi ê chóng-su-lēng.\n\nHêng-chèng khu\n--------------\n\nHui-li̍p-pin chit-ê kok-ka ê thó·-tē chóng--ê ē-tàng kā pun-chòe Luzon, Visayas kah Mindanao 3 tōa pō·-hūn. Chôan-kok lóng-chóng ū 13-ê tē-khu, 1-ê hêng-chèng-khu Cordillera, 1-ê chū-tī-khu (Mindanao Muslim chū-tī-khu). Chóng--ê 76-ê séng.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nHui-li̍p-pin tōa-pō·-hūn ê kok-thó· sī kôan-soaⁿ, ko-gôan kah sió soaⁿ-lûn cho·-sêng--ê, o̍ah-hóe-soaⁿ chiâⁿ chōe, tē-tāng chin keng-siông. Mindanao ê Apo Hóe-soaⁿ sī kok-lāi siōng-kôan ê 1-chō soaⁿ. Luzon ê Mayon Hóe-soaⁿ sī siōng-tōa ê o̍ah-hóe-soaⁿ. Kok-lāi chú-iàu ê hô-liû sī Mindanao Hô kah Cagayan Hô. \n\nHui-li̍p-pin sio̍k hái-iûⁿ-sèng jia̍t-tāi kùi-hong khí-hāu, nî pêng-kun khì-un 27℃, nî kàng-hō·-liōng ta̍t-kàu 2500 kong-lî chó-iū. Jo̍ah--lâng tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ū teh chò hong-thai.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nHui-li̍p-pin siāng chú-iàu ê lâng sī sio̍k Má-lâi-cho̍k, pau-koat Thaⁿ-ka-lo̍k lâng kah kî-thaⁿ 4-ê bîn-cho̍k. Lēng-gōa koh ū Tn̂g-lâng (Hôa-jîn), Ìn-nî-lâng, Ìn-tō·-lâng kah A-la-pek lâng téng. Kok-lāi sìn-hōng Thian-chú-kàu ê lâng chha-put-tō chiàm 85%, lēng-gōa koh ū 4.9% ê lâng sìn-hōng I-su-lân-kàu, chió-sò· làng sìn-hōng To̍k-li̍p-kàu kah Ki-tok-kàu, Tn̂g-lâng tāi-to-sò· sìn-hōng Hu̍t-kàu, gôan-chū-bîn chha-put-to lóng sìn-hōng Gôan-sú chong-kàu.\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\nHiān-tāi Hui-li̍p-pin ê bûn-hòa sī tan-se-iûⁿ ê sa-lām, i tián-hiān Má-lâi sek bûn-hòa ê tông-sî, mā khip-siu tōa-liōng ê Se-pan-gâ kap Bí-kok bûn-hòa éng-hióng.\n\nHui-li̍p-pin-lâng hō-miâ ê hong-sek sī bêng-hián ê Se-pan-gâ hêng-sek, put-koán sī miâ-sèⁿ, Se-pan-gâ-sek hō-miâ lóng sī tong-tē chú-liû, jî-chhiá kî-tiong koh ū chi̍t pō͘-hūn sī chāi-tē he̍k-chiá kî-tha lâi-goân (pí-lūn Hok-kiàn) miâ-sèⁿ ê Se-pan-gâ-hòa. Chi̍t khoán hiān-siōng kap in 19 sè-kí sî chóng-tok Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa thui-sak Se-pan-gâ hō-miâ ū koan-hē. \n\nTû-liáu lâng-miâ, tē-hō-miâ kap ki-koan siat-si ê miâ mā lóng tōa-hūn sī Se-pan-gâ-sek. Chóng-sī chi̍t pō͘-hūn óa-ná î-chhî Má-lâi (Lâm-tó) ê tek-sek.\n\n### Bûn-ha̍k\n\nTī Hui-li̍p-pin só͘ liû-thoân ê thoân-soat, siōng-chú-iàu sī *Filipino*-lâng ê kò͘-sū (kháu-thoân bûn-ha̍k). Kî-tiong ū kúi-ê thong-lâng-chai ê kak-sek, chhiūⁿ Maria *Makiling*, *Lam-Ang* kap *the Sarimanok*.\n\nKî-thaⁿ\n-------\n\n### Hui-li̍p-pin ê Tn̂g-lâng\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\n#### Che̍k-kòan\n\nKun-kù thóng-kè, bo̍k-chiân Hui-li̍p-pin ê Tn̂g-lâng lâng-sò· tāi-khài ū chiâⁿ-pah-bān, tang-tiong chha-put-to ū 8, 9-siâⁿ ê lâng cho·-ke tī Hok-kiàn ê Bân-lâm tē-khu (pau-koat Chôan-chiu, Chiang-chiu kah Ē-mn̂g). \n\n#### Tn̂g-lâng ê keng-chè\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Pak-kiaⁿ chhī-chèng-hú: kok-kok siāu-kài\n* Tiong-kok Gōa-kau-pō·: kok-kok kài-siāu\n* Hui-li̍p-pin Chóng-thóng Pān-kong-sek\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTang-lâm-a ê kok-ka |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Bûn-lâi · Hui-li̍p-pin · Ìn-nî · Kán-po͘-chē · Láu-o · Má-lâi-se-a · Bián-tiān · Oa̍t-lâm · Sin-ka-pho · Thài-kok · Tang Timor |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nA-chiu ê kok-ka kah i-lāi-tē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Kok-ka | A-la-pek Liân-ha̍p Thâu-lâng-kok · Abkhazia1 4 · Afghanistan · Ai-ki̍p5 · Armenia · Artsakh1 · Azerbaijan4 · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Bián-tiān · Bông-kó͘ · Bûn-lâi · Gruzia4 · Hui-li̍p-pin · Í-sek-lia̍t · Ìn-nî6 · Ìn-tō͘ · Iok-tàn · Iran · Iraq · Ji̍t-pún · Kán-po͘-chē · Kazakhstan4 · Ku-pí-lō͘4 · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Lâm Ossetia1 4 · Lī-pa-lùn · Láu-o · Lō͘-se-a4 · Má-lâi-se-a · Maldives · Nî-pô-lô · Oa̍t-lâm · Oman · Pak Ku-pí-lō͘1 4 · Pakistan · Palestine1 2 · Qatar · Saudi A-la-pek · Sin-ka-pho · Sri Lanka · Su-lī-a · Hân-kok · Tâi-oân1 3 · Tajikistan · Tang Timor6 · Thài-kok · Pak Tiâu-sián · Tiong-kok · Thó͘-ní-kî4 · Turkmenistan · Uzbekistan · Yemen |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ ê léng-thó͘ | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok | Akrotiri kap Dhekelia |\n| |\n| Tiong-kok | Hiong-káng  · Ò-mn̂g |\n| |\n| Ò-chiu | Cocos Kûn-tó  · Sèng-tàn-tó |\n\n |\n| |\n| Chhù: 1. M̄-sī Liân-ha̍p-kok ê hoē-oân-kok. 2.Chiáⁿ-koàⁿ Palestine būn-tê 3.M̄-sī chèng-sek ê kok-miâ, hō͘ Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok ê chèng-hú thóng-tì. Chiáⁿ-koàⁿ Tâi-oân būn-tê. 4. Mā sī Au-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. 5. Mā sī Hui-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. 6. Mā sī Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 147665514\n* LCCN: n79058386\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2180 0793\n* GND: 4045771-0\n* SUDOC: 026614421\n* BNF: cb11882802q (data)\n* HDS: 003424\n* NDL: 00563248\n* NKC: ge129142\n* BNE: XX1788318\n\n |\n\n |\n\n1. ↑ Lopez, Mellie Leandicho (2006). A Handbook of Philippine Folklore. University of the Philippines Press. ISBN 978-971-542-514-8.[pages needed]","meta":{"title":"Hui-li̍p-pin","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3353,7258,0.4619729953155139],"infobox":["\n
    Hui-li̍p-pin Kiōng-hô-kok
    Republika ng Pilipinas
    Republic of the Philippines
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Hui-li̍p-pin
    \n
    kok-kî
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Hui-li̍p-pin
    \n
    kok-hui
    \n
    \n
    \nChu-kù: Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa
    \"Ūi siōng-tè, jîn-bîn, chū-jiân, chó͘-kok\"
    \nKok-koa: Lupang Hinirang
    \"Choè ài ê thó͘-tē\"
    \n
    Siú-to͘\nManila
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nQuezon Chhī
    Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân\nHui-li̍p-pin-gí, Eng-gí
    sêng-jīn ê tē-hng gí-giân\nAklanon-gí, Bikol-gí, Cebuano-gí, Chavacano-gí, Hiligaynon-gí, Ibanag-gí, Ilocano-gí, Ivatan-gí, Kapampangan-gí, Karay-a-gí, Maguindanao-gí, Maranao-gí, Pangasinan-gí, Sambal-gí, Surigaonon-gí, Tagalog-gí, Tausug-gí, Waray-gí, Yakan-gí
    kî-thaⁿ sêng-jīn ê gí-giân\nSe-pan-gâ-gí, A-la-pek-gí
    Chèng-hú\ntan-it-chè, chóng-thóng-chè, kiōng-hô-kok
    • chóng-thóng
    		\nRodrigo Duterte
    • hù-chóng-thóng
    		\nLeni Robredo
    • Goân-ló-īⁿ gī-tiúⁿ
    		\nTito Sotto
    • Tāi-gī-īⁿ gī-tiúⁿ
    		\nLord Allan Velasco
    • Choè-ko hoat-koaⁿ
    		\nAlexander Gesmundo
    Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘\nKok-hoē
    • Siōng-īⁿ
    		\nGoân-ló-īⁿ
    • Hā-īⁿ
    		\nTāi-gī-īⁿ
    Bīn-chek
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n300,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi) (tē 72 miâ)
    • chúi-he̍k (%)
    		\n0.61
    Jîn-kháu
    • 2020 nî kó͘-kè
    		\n\"Neutral109,035,343
    • Bi̍t-tō͘
    		\n336/km2 (870.2/sq mi) (tē 47 miâ)
    GDP (PPP)\n2021 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Increase\"$1.0 bān-ek (tē 29 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Increase\"$9,061 (tē 115 miâ)
    GDP (bêng-gī)\n2021 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Increase\"$402.638 cha̍p-ek (tē 32 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Increase\"$3,646 (tē 118 miâ)
    Gini (2018 nî)\n\"Positive 42.3
    tiong · tē 44 miâ
    HDI (2019 nî)\n\"Increase\" 0.718
    ko · tē 107 miâ
    Hoè-pè\nHui-li̍p-pin peso (₱) (PHP)
    Sî-khu\nUTC+08:00 (PST)
    Sî-kan keh-sek\nmm/dd/yyyy
    Siong-iōng tiān-goân\n220 V–60 Hz
    Khui-chhia hong-hiòng\niū
    Tiān-oē khu-hō\n+63
    ISO 3166 tāi-hō\nPH
    Siōng-téng domain\n.ph
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7080}} -{"text":"**Tâi-tiong-chhī Chèng-hú** (臺中市政府) sī Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok (Tâi-oân) Tâi-tiong-chhī tē-hng chū-tī sū-hāng ê chòe-ko hêng-chèng ki-koan. Tī Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Chèng-hú ê kè-kò͘ tiong sī ti̍t-hat-chhī chū-tī ê hêng-chèng ki-koan, mā tông-sî hū-chek chip-hêng tiong-iong ki-koan úi-pān ê sū-hāng. Tâi-tiong-chhī ê chū-tī kàm-tok ki-koan sī Hêng-chèng-īⁿ. Tâi-tiong-chhī lóng-chóng siat ū 28 ê it-kip ki-koan, 28 ê khu-kong-só͘, 172 ê jī-kip ki-koan, 307 keng kok-kip ha̍k-hāu, 22 keng iù-tī-hn̂g. Lēng-goā, Tâi-tiong-chhī Chèng-hú koh ū keng-êng 2 ê chhī-êng sū-gia̍p ki-kò͘.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong-hôa Bîn-kok (Tâi-oân) ê tē-hng chèng-hú |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Ti̍t-hat-chhī | \n* Ko-hiông\n* Sin-pak\n* Tâi-lâm\n* Tâi-pak\n* Tâi-tiong\n* Thô-hn̂g\n\n |\n| |\n| Séng-hat-chhī | \n* Ka-gī\n* Ke-lâng\n* Sin-tek\n\n |\n| |\n| Koān | \n* Biâu-le̍k\n* Chiang-hòa\n* Gî-lân\n* Hoa-liân\n* Hûn-lîm\n* Ka-gī\n* Kim-mn̂g\n* Lâm-tâu\n* Liân-kang\n* Phêⁿ-ô͘\n* Pîn-tong\n* Sin-tek\n* Tâi-tang\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi-tiong-chhī Chèng-hú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[265,835,0.31736526946107785],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1165}} -{"text":"\n\n**Tâi-oân-kâu**（Ha̍k-miâ：*Macaca cyclopis*），koh kiò-chò **O͘-ki-kâu**\n'，sī Kū-sè-kài-kâu Mî-kâu-sio̍k ê bu̍t-chéng, hun-pò͘ tī Tâi-oân pún-tó, sī tiāⁿ-tiāⁿkhòaⁿ-tio̍h ê Tâi-oân te̍k-iú-chéng, iā sī tó-siōn tû-liáu Tì-lâng í-gōa ê goân-seng Lêng-tióng-lūi, kap A-chiu lâm-pō͘ ê phó͘-thong mî-kâu, í-kip Ji̍t-pún ê Ji̍t-pún-kâu ū kīn-chhin koan-hē 。\n\nHun-pò͘\n-------\n\nTâi-oân ê goân-seng-chéng , hun-pò͘ tī ùi hái-pêng-bīn kàu hái-poa̍t saⁿ-chheng kong-chhioh i-hā ê tē-khu. Tī Ji̍t-pún sī gōa-lâi-chéng, hun-pō͘ tī I-tāu Tōa-tó（I-tāu Kûn-tó）, Tāi-kin-tó（Chēng-kong-koān Lâm I-tāu-teng）, Hô-ko-soaⁿ-koān pak-pō͘. Ùi 1940 nî khi-thâu lio̍k-lio̍k-sio̍k-sio̍k ùi tōng-bu̍t-hn̂g téng koan-kong siat-si tô-thoat, piàn-chó Ji̍t-pún ê gōa-lâi-chéng. \n\nTī Tiong-san Tāi-ha̍k hāu-khu hoat-hiān ê Tâi-oân-kâu\n\nTe̍k-teng\n---------\n\nTâi-oân-kâu ê thâu-chêng kha pí āu-kha té, ta̍k ki kha ū gō͘ ki chéng-thâu-á. Thâu îⁿ, bīn píⁿ-píⁿ, thâu-hia̍h kng-khu̍t-khu̍t, bīn sī chhián-chí-sek, ū-ê khah chhim, ú-ê khah chhián, kò-pia̍t bô-kâng ū chha-īⁿ, só͘-í Tâi-oân Goân-chū-bîn kā in hun-chò pe̍h-bīn kap âng-bīn, chhùi-poe ū siⁿ chho͘-chho͘ ê tn̂g chhùi-chhiu, bóe-liu chho͘-chho͘ mn̂g chē-chē, kui-sin-khu mn̂g kāu koh nńg, tang-kùi piàn ka-pi-hoe-sek, hā-kùi piàn ka-pi-le̍k-sek, sì ki kha khah o͘, só͘-í koh kiò-chò O͘-ki-oân. Kha-chhng toing-kan ū bêng-hián ê khī-á-sek ê tōa-tè pan. It-poaⁿ lâi kóng, kâu-bó thé-hêng pí kâu-kang khah sè-chiah, sek-chúi iā khah chhián.\n\nMiâ-chheng\n----------\n\nChéng sió-miâ \"cyclopis\" lâi-goân sī Hi-liap sîn-ōe ê To̍k-gán-kū-lâng. \nTo̍k-gán-kū-lâng Eng-bûn sī \"Cyclops\"（Hi-lia̍p-bûn：Κύκλωψ；ho̍k-sò͘：Κύκλωπες）, gí-ì sī îⁿ ba̍k-chiu\n\nSi̍p-sèng\n---------\n\nTâi-oân-kâu sio̍k-tī ji̍t-hêng-sèng oa̍h-tōng kap kûn-thé seng-oa̍h ê tōng-bu̍t. Hun-pò͘ tē-khu piàn-ki̍p 3000 kong-chhiohi-hā ê kē kàu ko hái-poa̍t, pí-jū: Ko-hiông-chhī Kó͘-san-khu ê Siū-san Kok-ka Chū-jiân Kong-hn̂g, Tâi-lâm-chhī Lâm-hòa-khu ê O͘-soaⁿ hong-kéng-khu. Lēng-gōa tī Chiong-hòa-koān Jī-chúi-hiong siat ū Jī-chúi Tâi-oân-kâu Seng-thài Kàu-io̍k-koán（Goân-miâ \"Jī-chúi Mî-kâu Chū-jiân pó-hō͘-khu）. Lēng-gōa, tī Sin-pak-chhī U-lai-khu, Hêng-chhun-tìn Khún-teng ū Tâi-oân-kâu tī hit-ê khu-he̍k kòe-mêⁿ\n\nKin-kì kì-lio̍k, Tâi-oân-kâu si̍t-iōng ê si̍t-bu̍t pau-hâm1 85 kho 300 chióng, í koe-chí ûi-chú, kî-thaⁿ koh-ū thâng-thōa, Kah-khak-lūi kap Nńg-thé tōng-bu̍t téng. Tùi si̍t-iōng si̍t-bu̍t ê pō͘-ūi, ē in-ūi kùi-chiat goe̍h-hūn kap ta-sip kùi-chiat piàn-hòa iú-só͘ bô-kâng, í cha̍p kàu gō͘-cha̍p chiah chò chi̍t-kûn. \n\nTâi-oân-kâu sui-bóng sī pó-io̍k-lūi tōng-bu̍t, goân-lâi ê thian-te̍k sī Tâi-oân chiuⁿ-pà kap tōa-hêng béng-khîm, m̄-koh Tâi-oân chiuⁿ-pà chá tō í-keng choa̍t-jiah, tōa-hêng béng-khîm iā chiām-chiām-á kiám-chió, ka-siōng Tâi-oân-kâu sek-èng-le̍k kiông, tī li̍p-hoat pó-io̍k chi-hā cho̍k-kûn sò͘-liōng tōa-tōa hôe-seng, tī Ko-hiông, Pîn-tong téng tē-khu ê Tâi-oân-kâu, in-ūi chhe-tē kap lîn-lūi sio-chiap, m̄-kiaⁿ lâng, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hoat-seng chhiúⁿ-toat iû-kheh chia̍h-mi̍h, ji̍p-chhim bîn-chiòng chhù-the̍h chhú-si̍t, í-kip phò-hoāi long-chok-bu̍t téng sū-kiāⁿ, chō-sêng ku-bîn kap iû-kheh ê khùn-jiáu. In-ūi siū-tio̍h kui-lūi choh pó-io̍k-lūi tōng-bu̍t, bo̍k-chêng bî-ū thóng-it koh ū-hāu ê kai-koat hong-àn. \n\nLîn-lūi tī khiā-khí ê hoān-ûi eng-kai pī-bián kā chia̍h-mi̍h lō͘-hiān tī gōa-kháu, tō ē-tàng pī-bián jîn kâu chhiong-tu̍t. Chóng-sī chia̍h-mi̍h lō͘-hiān-hiān hông chhiúⁿ--khì ê sū-kiāⁿ ti̍t-ti̍t hoat-seng, chek-oàn-ná-chhim, tì-kàu lîn-lūi sú-iōng to̍k-jī, peh-soaⁿ koái-á, chhiū-ni-keng-á, lia̍h-iá-siù-khì téng hiong-khì tì-sú Tâi-oân-kâu sí-siong sū-kiāⁿ hoat-seng. Bo̍k-chiân tī Ko-hiông Chhâ-soaⁿ iu-goân thang khòaⁿ-tio̍h chhiū-leng keng-á kap BB chhèng téng ap-chè kâu-á ê khì-kū, í-ki̍p sú-iōng ê bîn-chiòng. 2015 nî 11 goe̍h, kan-ta nn̄g lé-pài chi-kan tī Ko-hiông tē-khu tō ū cha̍p gōa chiah sí-siong ê Tâi-oân-kâu, lóng ū bêng-hián ê gōa-siong.\n\n2014 nî Hêng-chèng-īⁿ Lông-úi-hōe kin-kì \"Iá-seng Tōng-bu̍t Pó-io̍k-hoat\" tē 21 tiâu ê kín-kip tiâu-khoán lāi-iông, jīn-ûi te̍k-tēng chōng-hóng hā la̍h-sat Tâi-oân-kâu ū hoat-lu̍t chèng-tong-sèng; chóng--sī, chit-ê tiâu-khoán ê sek-iōng, kan-ta hān-tēng tī lông-bîn ê sìⁿ-miā châi-sán siū-tio̍h kín-kip ui-hia̍p ê chōng-hóng chi-hā, chú-tiuⁿ \"chèng-tong hông-ōe\" la̍h-sat iá-seng tōng-bu̍t, í pó-chiong sìⁿ-miā, châi-sán choh-bu̍t an-choân. M̄-koh chim-chiok hoat-lu̍t pó-hō͘ lī-ek kap iá-seng tōng-bu̍t pó-io̍k, i hān-tēng iōng \"jîn-tō hong-sek\" lâi chhú-lí, tī siōng té ê sî-kan lāi hō͘ thòng-khó͘ kiám kàu siōng khin.\n\nPó-io̍k Hiān-hóng\n-----------------\n\nÍ-keng kong-kò tû-miâ chèng-sek lî-khui pó-io̍k-lūi miâ-lio̍k, tiâu-chéng chiâⁿ-chò it-poaⁿ-lūi iá-seng tōng-bu̍t, iû-goân bōe-tàng sûi-ì iúⁿ-chhī.\n\nChi̍t-pēⁿ\n---------\n\nBí-kok Si̍t-phín Io̍h-phín Kàm-tok Koán-lí-kio̍k（Food and Drug Administration) tī 2013 nî 8 goe̍h hoat-piáu Tâi-oân-kâu ū \"Kâu-pho pīⁿ-to̍k\"（Simian Foamy Virus, SFVmcy-2）, sī hoán choán-lio̍kpīⁿ-to̍k（retrovirus）ê chi̍t chióng.\nTâi-oân-kâu iā ū tē sì lūi hoat-tēng thoân-jiám-pīⁿ \"Phā-chín B pīⁿ-to̍k [en]\"（Herpes B virus, chèng-sek ha̍k-miâ Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1(CHV-1), Kâu Phā-chín pīⁿ-to̍k）, Gio̍k-san Thah-thah-ka thâu chi̍t ê kâu-kûn chú-tōng kong-kek, liàu ia̍h-sī kā siong 10 ê iû-kheh. Phā-chín B pīⁿ-to̍k sī chi̍t chióng ē chō-sêng tiong-chhu-sîn-keng-hē-thóng che̍k-pīⁿ ê lâng kap cheng-siⁿ kiōng-thong thoân-jiám-pīⁿ, chú-iàu sī thàu-kòe hoān-tio̍h Kâu-phā-chín ê kâu-á jiàu ia̍h-sī kā siong lâi kám-jiám, lâng nā-sī hō͘ jiám--tio̍h ê kâu-á jiàu ia̍h-sī kā siong, thong-siông tī 3 kang kàu 3 lé-pài ê àm-ho̍k-kî liáu-āu, ē chhut-hiān kip-sèng hoat-sio, thâu-thiàⁿ, chúi-phā pīⁿ-chàu, lîm-pa-sèng náu-liông-kut-chhóe-e̍k lāi sè-pau cheng-ka kap bô kāng hêng-thài ê sîn-keng chèng-chōng téng. Jîn-lūi hán-kiàn phā-chín B pīⁿ-to̍k kám-jiám kò-àn, bo̍k-chiân choân-kiû kan-ta ū 40 miâ pò-kò pīⁿ-lē. Phā-chín B pīⁿ-to̍k it-tàn kám-jiám hoat-pīⁿ, sí-bông-lu̍t hui-siông ê koân, hoān-chiá nā-sī bô chiap-siū sek-tòng ê i-liâu, sí-bông-lu̍t chhiau-kòe 70%, chûn-oa̍h-chiá tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ē tîⁿ-tòe giâm-tiōng ê āu-ûi-chèng.\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. pian. *Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference* (3rd pán.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 161. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.\n2. ↑ **指令碼錯誤：沒有「cite iucn」這個模組。**\n3. ↑ Huang, Y.-F.; Midha, M.; Chen, T.-H.; Wang, Y.-T.; Smith, D. G.; Pei, K. J.-C.; Chiu, K. P. (2015). \"Complete Taiwanese Macaque (*Macaca cyclopis*) Mitochondrial Genome: Reference-Assisted de novo Assembly with Multiple k-mer Strategy\". PLoS ONE. **10** (6): e0130673. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130673. ISSN 1932-6203. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)\n4. ↑ Tân Bûn-tek (陳文德) (2016-09-01). \"Kho-ha̍k ōe-tê: Tâi-oân seng-bu̍t to-iuⁿ-sèng toing ê \"Kâu\"\". *Kho-ha̍k gián-si̍p No.55-09*. Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Kho-ha̍k Kàu-io̍k-koán. pp. 76 ia̍h. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2016-10-16. 2016-09-18 khòaⁿ--ê. No.55-09:65-66\n5. ↑ Kó͘ Hi-liap-gí κύκλος ì-sù sī \"îⁿ-khoân\", ὤψ sī \"ba̍k-chiu\".\n6. ↑ （Galvin et al. 2013）\n\nChham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* Eudey, A. (2000). *Macaca cyclopis*. *2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. IUCN 2006. Chham-khòaⁿ sî-kan sī 2007 nî 3 goe̍h 18 hō.\n* Teresa A. Galvin, Imran A. Ahmed, Muhammad Shahabuddin, Theodore Bryan and Arifa S. Khan, 2013, Identification of Recombination in the Envelope Gene of Simian Foamy Virus Serotype 2 Isolated from Macaca cyclopis. J. Virol. 87:8792-8797.\n\nGōa-pō͘ Liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Macaca cyclopis*** |\n\n* Tâi-oân-kâu\n* \n* \n*","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân-kâu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1628,7761,0.20976678263110424],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Formosan rock macaque
    Tâi-pak Tōng-bu̍t-hn̂g ê Tâi-oân-kâu
    Kho-ha̍k hun-lūi \"e\"
    Kài:Animalia
    Mn̂g:Chordata
    Kong:Mammalia
    Bo̍k:Primates
    A-bo̍k:Haplorhini
    Infraorder:Simiiformes
    Kho:Cercopithecidae
    Sio̍k:Macaca
    Chéng:
    M. cyclopis
    Ha̍k-miâ
    Macaca cyclopis
    (R. Swinhoe, 1862)
    Formosan rock macaque range
    (blue — native, red — introduced)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8610}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân tiān-iáⁿ** (hàn-jī: 台灣電影) sī tī Tâi-oân seng-sán kap chè-chok ê tiān-iáⁿ, ùi Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi khai-sí, hām ta̍k-ê sî-tāi ê siā-hōe hoat-tián sek-sek-siong-koan. Tong-kim ê Tâi-oân siā-hoē ū to-goân ê bûn-hoà ki-chhó͘, chū-iû koh hū-iú chhòng-chok-le̍k, só͘-í ē-tàng hō͘ tiān-iáⁿ kang-chok-chiá liông-hó ê chhun-tián bú-tâi, pēng tī Hoâ-gí tiān-iáⁿ ê pán-tô͘ téng hoat-hui it-tēng ê éng-hióng-la̍t.\n\nTâi-oân kā ka-kī seng-sán ê tiān-iáⁿ hō-chò **Kok-phìⁿ** (國片), iā-chiū-sī kok-sán iáⁿ-phìⁿ ê ì-sù; put-kò chit-khoán kóng-hoat kan-na the̍h-lâi kóng 1945 nî Kok-bîn Chèng-hú chiap-siu Tâi-oân liáu-āu, he̍k-chiá sī 1949 nî lióng-hoāⁿ hun-tī liáu-āu ê Tâi-oân tiān-iáⁿ.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Tâi-oân tiān-iáⁿ kán-sú Archived 2015-12-08 at the Wayback Machine.\n2. ↑ Hêng-chèng-īⁿ Sin-bûn-kio̍k, *Chín-heng Tâi-oân tiān-iáⁿ chi chhek-lio̍k ú kè-ōe－Tâi-oân tiān-iáⁿ jû-hô bīn-tùi Hân-kok, Tāi-lio̍k téng kok chi kēng-cheng ap-le̍k*","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân tiān-iáⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[235,938,0.2505330490405117],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1092}} -{"text":"Chhia-lō͘ tiān-chhia 120N\nPa-lí, Hoat-kok chhia-lō͘ tiān-chhia\n**Chhia-lō͘ tiān-chhia** (Hoâ-gí: 路面電車, Eng-gí: tram) sī chi̍t-chióng kiâⁿ tī thih-ki-lō͘ chhiūⁿ hoé-chhia m̄-koh bô hoé-chhia hiah tāng ê kong-kiōng ūn-su kang-kū, beh chài-lâng ia̍h chài-hoè. Kah kî-thaⁿ thih-ki-lō͘ ūn-su kang-kū bô-kâng, chhia-lō͘ tiān-chhia ê thih-ki-lō͘ chú-iàu sī pho͘ tī chhia-lō͘, ē kah khì-chhia, o͘-tó͘-bái, kap koè-lō͘-lâng tâng-chê sú-iōng chhia-lō͘. Hiān-tāi ê chhia-lō͘ tiān-chhia hē-thóng ū chē-chē sī kē té-poâⁿ ê chhia-sin, m̄-bián iōng tio̍h goe̍h-tâi, só͘-í ē-tàng kah kî-thaⁿ chhia-lō͘ ūn-su kang-kū kap koè-lō͘-lâng ê kiâⁿ-lō͘ chéng-ha̍p chò-hoé.\n\nChhia-lō͘ tiān-chhia sú-iōng tiān-le̍k chò tōng-le̍k lâi kiâⁿ, i lī-iōng pantograph ia̍h trolley pole tùi khan-tī lō͘ koân-téng ê tiān-chhia-soàⁿ lâi the̍h-tio̍h tiān-le̍k.\n\nChhia-lō͘ tiān-chhia hē-thóng tī 20 sè-kí khah-chá ê sî tī kang-gia̍p-hoà sè-kài chiâⁿ sî-kiâⁿ. Sui-bóng āu--lâi ū khah thè liû-hêng, m̄-koh choè-kīn (2006) chit kúi-tang ū koh oat-tó-tńg--lâi ê khoán-chè.\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Chhia-lō͘ tiān-chhia*** |","meta":{"title":"Chhia-lō͘ tiān-chhia","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[68,1122,0.06060606060606061],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1311}} -{"text":"\n\n\"**O Little Town of Bethlehem**\" (ì-sù: Oh, sió-tīn Pek-lī-hêng) sī tsi̍t-siú Sèng-tàn Siōng-koa. Kūn-ki tī 1868 nî, Phillips Brooks só͘-siá--ê si-bûn, Chit siú siōng-koa tī Toa-se-iûⁿ lióng-hoāⁿ lóng liû-hêng, m̄-koh iōng bô-kāng--ê tiāu: tī Bí-kok ēng Brooks' --ê ha̍p-chò-chiá, Lewis Redner siá--ê \"St. Louis\"; tī Eng-kok, Ka-ná-tah kap Ài-ní-lân ēng \"Forest Green\". Chit ê tiāu, sī iû Ralph Vaughan Williams siu-chi̍p, 1906 nî thâu chi̍t kái chhut-pán tī *English Hymnal* (Eng-lân Sèng-si-chi̍p ).\n\nKoa-sû\n------\n\nSi-bûn chok-chiá sī Phillips Brooks (1835–1893), i sī Sèng-kong-hōe bo̍k-su, í-āu chêng-āu chò Philadelphia Sèng Sam-it Tn̂g, kap Boston Sam-it Tn̂g ê chú-jīm bo̍k-su. I in-ūi tī 1865 nî khì Iâ-lō͘-sat-léng Sanjak ê Pek-lī-hêng ê sî-chūn siū khé-hoa̍t. Saⁿ-nî āu, i ūii in kàu-hōe siá chit siú si, I ê hong-khîm chhiú Lewis Redner (1831–1908) ke-thiⁿ im-ga̍k.\n \n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | \nSymphonic arrangement\n\nSeoul Philharmonic Orchestra |\n| \n\n---\n\n*Siu-thiaⁿ chia tóng-àn chhut būn-tê? Chham-khó kái-soeh.* |\n\nRedner ê tiāu, kan-tan hō-chò \"St. Louis\", sī Bí-kok tōa-pō͘-hūn só͘ iōng lâi chhiùⁿ chit tiâu siōng-koa--ê tiāu. E-kha sī Redner só͘ kóng--ê chok-khek kò͘-sū:\n\n> \n> Tng 1968 nî Sèng-tàn kīn-óa--ê sî, Brooks--Sian--siⁿ kā góa kóng i ū siá chi̍t-tiâu kan-tan koh sè-sè--ê siōng-koa, hō͘ Sèng-tàn-chheh--ê chú-ji̍t-o̍h ēng, mā kà góa chò-khek. Chit tiâu im-ga̍k sī tī hui-siông koáⁿ koh siū-tio̍h chiâⁿ tōa--ê ap-le̍k ê sî só͘-siá. Goán beh tī ē chit ê Chú-ji̍t liān. Brooks--Sian-siⁿ tī pài-gō͘ chhōe--góa, kóng, \"Redner, lí kám ū kā 'O Little Town of Bethlehem'--ê im-ga̍k siá--chhut-lâi?\" Góa ìn \"Bô\", M̄-koh i beh tī Chú-ji̍t the̍h-tio̍h. Tī pài-la̍k ê àm-mê, góa thâu-khak tùi khek-tiāu sī loān-hun-hun, goa siūⁿ Chú-ji̍t-o̍h--ê khò tian-tó pí siūⁿ im-ga̍k khah chē. M̄-koh góa tī àm-thâu-á khùn kah chiok oàⁿ--ê sî khí-chhn̂g, thiaⁿ-tio̍h thiⁿ-sài--ê soân-lu̍t khin-siaⁿ ji̍p góa--ê hī-khang, tio̍h giú ga̍k-phó͘-chóa, kín-kín kì khek-tiāu--ê koân-im, tio̍h sī chit má--ê khek. Tī Chú-ji̍t thàu-chá, góa khì kàu-hōe chìn-chêng, thiⁿ hô-siāⁿ. Brook--Siaⁿ-siⁿ kap góa lóng bô siūⁿ-tio̍h chit tiâu siōng-koa á-sī im-ga̍k tī 1868 nî--ê Sèng-tàn-chheh āu koh tī-leh.\n> \n> \n> \n> Góa kì--tit, tī Tē 13 Ke sai-pêng--ê Chestnut Ke, khui chheh-tiàm--ê Richard McCauley, kā koa-khek ìn-chò toaⁿ-á hoàn-bē. Huntington Bo̍k-su Phok-sū, chò Massachusetts-chiu Worcester Chu-sèng-tn̂g (All Saints' Church) --ê chú-jīm bo̍k-su, mn̄g góa kám hí-khó ìn tī in Chú-ji̍t ha̍k-hāu ê sèng-si kap im-ga̍k-chheh, kiò-chò *The Church Porch*. Kā chit tiâu im-ga̍k hō-chò \"Saint Louis\"--ê tiō sī i.\n> \n> \n\n\\transpose c bes,\n\\new Staff <<\n\\clef treble \\key g \\major {\n \\time 4/4 \\partial 4 \n \\relative g' {\n\tb4 | b b ais b | d c e, a | g fis8 g a4 d, | b'2. \\bar\"\" \\break \n b4 | b b e d | d c e, a | g fis8 g b4 a | g2. \\bar\"\" \\break \n b4 | b b a g | fis2 fis4 fis | e fis g a | b2. \\bar\"\" \\break\n b4 | b b ais b | d c e, e' | d g, b4. a8 | g2. \\bar\"|.\"\n }\n }\n%\\new Lyrics \\lyricmode {\n%}\n>>\n\\layout { indent = #0 }\n\\midi { \\tempo 4 = 80 }\n音訊播放在您的瀏覽器上不支援。您可以下載音訊檔。\n### Forest Green\n\n \n\nTī Eng-kok kap Tāi-eng Kok-hia̍p, ū tang-sî-á tī Bí-kok (iû-kî tī Sèng-kong-hōe), tian-tó iōng Eng-gí ê sèng-si khek-tiāu \"Forest Green\". \"Forest Green\" sī Ralph Vaughan Williams tùi Eng-gí bîn-iâu \"The Ploughboy's Dream\" kái-pian--ê, goân-khek sī i tī 1903 tùi Forest Green, Surrey ê Garman--Sian-siⁿ siu-chi̍p--ê. Henry Garman chhut-sì tī 1830 nî ê Sussex, tī 1901 Eng-kok jîn-kháu phó͘-cha ê sî, tòa tī Ockley, Surrey. Vaughan Williams ê chhiú-khó kì i si \"Óa-kīn Ockley - Surrey--ê Forest Green--ê lô-kang. (tāi-iok 60 [hòe]?)\", sui-bóng Garman--Sian-siⁿ gîm khek-tiāu--ê sî, hoân-sè chiap-kīn 73 hòe. Chú-koa kiat-kò͘ sī strophic (chi̍t pō͘ khek--ê hêng-sek), hêng-sek sī A–A–B–A. Vaughan Williams kái-pian i chò sèng-si--ê tiāu, ke hô-siaⁿ. I tāi-seng tī 1906 nî--ê *English Hymnal* chhut-pán (ē-kha sī choán-siá).\n\n<< <<\n\\new Staff { \\clef treble \\time 4/2 \\partial 2 \\key f \\major \\set Staff.midiInstrument = \"church organ\" \\omit Staff.TimeSignature \\set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \\override Score.BarNumber #'transparent = ##t\n \\relative c' \n \\repeat unfold 2 { << { c2 | f f f g | a4\\(( g) a( bes)\\) c2 \\breathe \\bar\"||\" a | bes a4( f) g2 g f1. \\breathe \\bar\"||\" \\break } \\\\\n { c2 | c d c d4( e) | f2 f e d | d f f e | f1. } >> }\n \\relative c' {\n << { f4( a) | c2. d4 c( bes) a( g) | f( g a bes) c2 \\breathe \\bar\"||\" c, | f a g f | c1 \\breathe \\bar\"||\" \\break\n c1 | f2 f f g | a4( g) a( bes) c2 \\breathe \\bar\"||\" a | bes a4( f) g2 g | f1. \\bar\"|.\" } \\\\\n { f2 | e2. d4 e2 c | c( f) e c | c c bes a4( bes) | c1\n c1 | c2 d c d4( e) | f2 f e d | d f f e | f1. } >> }\n}\n%%\\new Lyrics \\lyricsmode { put lyrics here if you insist }\n\\new Staff { \\clef bass \\key f \\major \\set Staff.midiInstrument = \"church organ\" \\omit Staff.TimeSignature\n \\relative c'\n \\repeat unfold 2 { << { g2 | a bes c bes | c f, g f | bes c d c4( bes) | a1. } \\\\\n { e2 | f bes a g | f d c d | g, a bes c | f1. } >> }\n \\relative c' {\n << { a2 | a2. f4 c'2 c4( bes) | a2( f) g e | f f d4( e) f2 | e1\n f2( g) | a bes c bes | c f, g f | bes c4( a) c2 c4( bes) | a1. } \\\\\n { d,2 | a2. bes4 c2 d4( e) | f2( d) c c4( bes) | a2 f bes d | c1\n d2( e) | f bes a g | f d c d | g, a4( d) c2 c | 1. } >> }\n}\n>> >>\n\\layout { indent = #0 }\n\\midi { \\tempo 2 = 80 }\n音訊播放在您的瀏覽器上不支援。您可以下載音訊檔。\n### Ki-thaⁿ pán-pún\n\nKhek mā koh ū nn̄g ê pán-pún , chiū sī \"Wengen\" kap \"Christmas Carol\", chok-khek sī Henry Walford Davies. \"Wengen\" tī 1922 nî chhut-pán tī *Hymns Ancient and Modern*, kâng-sî \"Christmas Carol\" thong-siông kan-ta iû si-pan (詩班) hiàn-chhiùⁿ, m̄ sī hōe-chiòng chhiùⁿ--ê si-koa. Che sī in-ūi thâu-chêng nn̄g kù sī hō͘ hong-khîm poāⁿ-chàu--ê kuân-im chhiùⁿ, chí-ū bóe-kù sī ha̍p-chhiùⁿ/hù-koa (chorale/refrain) ê hô-siāⁿ. Chit-chióng siat-ting pau-hâm tī tú-khai-sí tùi Lō͘-ka Hok-im pian--ê lóng-siōng-tiāu (朗誦調; recitative), mā chhiat-tiāu tē 2 kap tē 4 kù (siōng-koa goân-pún ū 5 kù). Chit ê pán-pún siông-siông tī Cambridge Kok-ông ha̍k-īⁿ (King's College, Cambridge) ê Nine Lessons and Carols (káu-phiⁿ tha̍k-keng kap siōng-koa) piáu-ián.\n\nWilliam Rhys-Herbert ka-thiam sin--ê sèng-si-tiāu (hymn-tune) kap hô-siaⁿ-hòa (harmonization), chiâⁿ-chòe i tī 1909 nî--ê chheng-chhiùⁿ-kio̍k *Bethany*--ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn.\n\nChit-tiâu koa ma ke tī chin-chē hian-tāi koa-chhiú lo̍k--ê chē-chē sèng-tàn choan-chi̍p.\n\n\"Little Town\" sī Eng-gí chhòng-chok koa-chhiú Chris Eaton tùi \"O Little Town of Bethlehem\" kái ê kái-pian-khek. Thâu-chi̍t-kái iû Eng-gí koa-chhiú Cliff Richard tī 1982 nî lio̍k-im thui-chhut, tī Eng-kok--ê Sèng-tàn-chheh liû-hêng. Tī Bí-kok, khah ti-miâ--ê pán-pún sī iû Bí-kok hiān-tāi Ki-tok-kàu im-ga̍k-ka Amy Grant chhiùⁿ, tī i ê 1983 nî Sèng-tàn-chheh choan-chi̍p thui-chhut.\nIû chok-khek-ka Philip Trumble siá--ê sin ê tiāu \"Enmore\" tī 1987 nî chhut-pán. Philip Trumble ê, mā tī 2022 nî chhut-pán--ê Christmas Praise (Sèng-tàn-chheh Ó-ló) khan.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Sèng-tàn siōng-koa lia̍t-toaⁿ\n\n1. ↑\n2. ↑\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Media related to O little town of Bethlehem at Wikimedia Commons\n* O Little Town of Bethlehem: Free scores at the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)\n* \"O Little Town of Bethlehem\" (Davies): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project\n* Score of \"Wengen\": (pt 1, pt 2)\n* YouTube YouTube téng ê **\"O little town of Betlehem\" (audio)** ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ, sung to the tune \"Forest Green\" (arr. Vaughan Williams, desc. Thomas Armstrong) by the Choir of King's College, Cambridge","meta":{"title":"O Little Town of Bethlehem","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[752,5574,0.13491209185504127],"infobox":["
    O Little Town of Bethlehem
    \n
    Author's manuscript of first stanza
    Genre\nChristmas carol
    Chok-chiá\n1868
    Text\nPhillips Brooks
    Based on\nPang-bô͘:Sourcetext
    Meter\n8.6.8.6.7.6.8.6
    Melody\n\"St. Louis\" by Lewis Redner,
    \"Forest Green\" by Ralph Vaughan Williams
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8239}} -{"text":"\n**Kán-po͘-chē** (柬埔寨), choân-chheng **Kán-po͘-chē Ông-kok** (柬埔寨王國; Khmer-gí: ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រ កម្ពុជា), Tang-lâm-a ê kok-ka. Tâng-pêng koh kòe sī Oa̍t-lâm, sai-pak-pêng Thài-kok, pak-pêng Láu-o, lâm-pêng Thài-kok-oan. Siú-to͘ tī Phnom Penh.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTī 1000 nî chó-iū khai-sí ū ko-téng bûn-bêng chhut-hiān tī hia. Khmer bûn-bêng tùi 9 sè-kí chì 13 sè-kí hoat-tián, chiâⁿ-chò 1 ê tè-kok, siú-to͘ siat tī Angkor.\n\nĀu--lâi Khmer tè-kok ê léng-thó͘ ná lâi ná liû-sit, iû Thài-kok, Oa̍t-lâm chiàm--khì he̍k-chiá siu--tńg-khì. Tī 1863 nî Kán-po͘-chē pìⁿ Hoat-kok \"pó-hō͘\" ê thó͘-tē, ia̍h-chiū-sī ha̍p-pèng tī Hoat-kok léng Indochina miâ-gī hā. Ji̍t-pún tī Tē-jī-pái Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn chiàm-niá Kán-po͘-chē. Kán-po͘-chē tī 1953 nî soan-pò͘ to̍k-li̍p.\n\nBí-kok tī Indochine Chiàn-cheng (1946-1975) bat tāi-liōng hong-chà Kán-po͘-chē , tì-sú bîn-kan sí-siong kīn 600,000 (liōng-kî-iok). Tī 1970 nî Lon Nol chiong-kun chiūⁿ-tâi, soan-pò· sêng-li̍p Khmer Kiōng-hô-kok. Hoán-tùi Lon Nol, kiōng-sán chú-gī ê Âng-sek Khmer tī 1975 nî tit-tio̍h chèng-koân, kái kok-hō chò Kán-po͘-chē. In î-chhî 3 tang ê siā-hōe kek-bēng ko·-kè chō-sêng 80 bān chì 300 bān lâng sí-bông.\n\nOa̍t-lâm tī 1978 nî phah-ji̍p Kán-po͘-chē, Kán-po͘-chē Kiōng-sán-tóng sit-khì chèng-koân. 1993 nî khai-sí ū soán-kí, iû Liân-ha̍p-kok chàn-cho·. Hit nî 9 goe̍h Kán-po͘-chē chiâⁿ-chò ū hiàn-hoat ê ông-kok. 1998 nî pān choân-kok-sèng ê soán-kí. Kán-po͘-chē ê chèng-kio̍k ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á ún-tēng--lo̍h-lâi, Kán-po͘-chē Kiōng-sán-tóng chhun ê kun-le̍k tâu-hâng.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nKán-po͘-chē ê bīn-chek ū 181,040 km². Kap Thài-kok kong-ke ê piⁿ-kài ū 800 km, kap Láu-o kong-ke 541 km, kap Oa̍t-lâm kong-ke 1228 km. Iân Thài-kok-oan ê hái-hoāⁿ-soàⁿ ū 443 km.\n\nUn-tō· tī 10 °C kàu 38 °C tiong-kan. 5-go̍eh kàu 10-go̍eh sī Kán-po͘-chē ê tâm kùi-cheh. Sai-lâm chhoe--lâi ê jia̍t-tāi monsoon (kùi-hong) tòa lâi Thài-kok-oan, Ìn-tō·-iûⁿ ê sip-khì; 9-go̍eh, 10-go̍eh ê hō·-chúi te̍k-pia̍t chē. 11-go̍eh kàu 3-go̍eh sī ta kùi-cheh. Tang-pak lâi ê kùi-hong chhoe tùi hái-hoāⁿ khì. Chiaⁿ-go̍eh kàu 2-go̍eh hō·-chúi siōng chió.\n\n75% ê tē tī hái-poa̍t 100 m í-hā. Thó·-tē ê sim-chōng tē-tài tī Tonlé Sap (\"Tōa ô·\") kap chiu-ûi ê pêng-goân. Chia ê thô·-bah siōng sek-ha̍p tiū-á ê chèng-choh, jîn-kháu mā siōng chē.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nKán-po͘-chē ê jîn-kháu 9-siâⁿ khah ke sī Khmer-lâng. Cham-lâng (sìn-gióng Hôe-kàu) sī siōng chú-iàu ê chío-sò· cho̍k-kûn. Ia̍h ū-kóa Oa̍t-lâm-lâng, Hàn-lâng.\n\nKhmer-gí hām Oa̍t-lâm-gí lóng sio̍k Lâm-a-gí-hē ê Mon-Khmer hun-ki.\n\nSiōng chú-iàu ê chong-kàu sī Siōng-chō-pō͘ Hu̍t-kàu, che kòe-khì siū Kán-po͘-chē Kiōng-sán-tóng ap-chè, taⁿ í-keng koh oa̍h-thiàu.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nChng-kha chú-iàu ê keng-chè sêng-sán sī lông-gia̍p kap óa-khò lông-gia̍p ê oa̍h-tōng. Chè-chō-gia̍p ê sán-liōng iú-hān.\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTang-lâm-a ê kok-ka |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Bûn-lâi · Hui-li̍p-pin · Ìn-nî · Kán-po͘-chē · Láu-o · Má-lâi-se-a · Bián-tiān · Oa̍t-lâm · Sin-ka-pho · Thài-kok · Tang Timor |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nA-chiu ê kok-ka kah i-lāi-tē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Kok-ka | A-la-pek Liân-ha̍p Thâu-lâng-kok · Abkhazia1 4 · Afghanistan · Ai-ki̍p5 · Armenia · Artsakh1 · Azerbaijan4 · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Bián-tiān · Bông-kó͘ · Bûn-lâi · Gruzia4 · Hui-li̍p-pin · Í-sek-lia̍t · Ìn-nî6 · Ìn-tō͘ · Iok-tàn · Iran · Iraq · Ji̍t-pún · Kán-po͘-chē · Kazakhstan4 · Ku-pí-lō͘4 · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Lâm Ossetia1 4 · Lī-pa-lùn · Láu-o · Lō͘-se-a4 · Má-lâi-se-a · Maldives · Nî-pô-lô · Oa̍t-lâm · Oman · Pak Ku-pí-lō͘1 4 · Pakistan · Palestine1 2 · Qatar · Saudi A-la-pek · Sin-ka-pho · Sri Lanka · Su-lī-a · Hân-kok · Tâi-oân1 3 · Tajikistan · Tang Timor6 · Thài-kok · Pak Tiâu-sián · Tiong-kok · Thó͘-ní-kî4 · Turkmenistan · Uzbekistan · Yemen |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ ê léng-thó͘ | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok | Akrotiri kap Dhekelia |\n| |\n| Tiong-kok | Hiong-káng  · Ò-mn̂g |\n| |\n| Ò-chiu | Cocos Kûn-tó  · Sèng-tàn-tó |\n\n |\n| |\n| Chhù: 1. M̄-sī Liân-ha̍p-kok ê hoē-oân-kok. 2.Chiáⁿ-koàⁿ Palestine būn-tê 3.M̄-sī chèng-sek ê kok-miâ, hō͘ Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok ê chèng-hú thóng-tì. Chiáⁿ-koàⁿ Tâi-oân būn-tê. 4. Mā sī Au-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. 5. Mā sī Hui-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. 6. Mā sī Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 134861112\n* LCCN: n80014970\n* ISNI: 0000 0004 0486 0534\n* GND: 4029400-6\n* SUDOC: 027250644\n* HDS: 003415\n* NDL: 00564851\n* NKC: ge129513\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kán-po͘-chē","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2559,5304,0.4824660633484163],"infobox":["\n
    Kán-po͘-chē Ông-kok
    ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Kán-po͘-chē
    \n
    kok-kî
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Kán-po͘-chē
    \n
    kok-hui
    \n
    \n
    \nChu-kù: ជាតិ សាសនា ព្រះមហាក្សត្រ
    \"Kok-ka, sìn-gióng, kok-ông\"
    \nKok-koa: បទនគររាជ
    \"Úi-tāi ê Ông-kok\"
    \n
    Siú-to͘
    kap siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī
    		\nPhnom Penh
    Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân\nKhmer-gí
    Sêng-jīn ê kok-ka gí-giân\nKhmer-gí
    Chèng-hú\ntan-it-chè, gī-hoē kiōng-hô-chè, soán-kí kun-chú, kun-chú li̍p-hiàn, it-tóng iu-sè
    • kok-ông
    		\nNorodom Sihamoni
    • siú-siòng
    		\nHun Sen
    • Kok-bîn Gī-hoē gī-tiúⁿ
    		\nHeng Samrin
    • Goân-ló-īⁿ gī-tiúⁿ
    		\nSay Chhum
    Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘\nGī-hoē
    • Siōng-īⁿ
    		\nGoân-ló-īⁿ
    • Hā-īⁿ
    		\nKok-bîn Gī-hoē
    Bīn-chek
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n181,035 km2 (69,898 sq mi) (tē 88 miâ)
    • chúi-he̍k (%)
    		\n2.5
    Jîn-kháu
    • 2019 nî phó͘-cha
    		\n\"Neutral15,552,211 (tē 73 miâ)
    • Bi̍t-tō͘
    		\n87/km2 (225.3/sq mi) (tē 96 miâ)
    GDP (PPP)\n2019 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n$76.635 cha̍p-ek
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n$4,645
    GDP (bêng-gī)\n2019 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n$26.628 cha̍p-ek
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n$1,614
    Gini (2013 nî)\n36.0
    tiong
    HDI (2019 nî)\n\"Increase\" 0.594
    tiong · tē 144 miâ
    Hoè-pè\nKán-po͘-chē riel (៛) (KHR)
    Sî-khu\nUTC+7 (ICT)
    Sî-kan keh-sek\ndd/mm/yyyy
    Khui-chhia hong-hiòng\niū
    Tiān-oē khu-hō\n+855
    ISO 3166 tāi-hō\nKH
    Siōng-téng domain\n.kh
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5279}} -{"text":"\n**UTF-8** pian-bé sī tsi̍t-tsióng iōng-teh tiān-tsí thong-sìn ê khó-piàn tn̂g-tōo jī-hû pian-bé. Iû Unicode piau-tsún tīng-gī, bîng-tshing guân-tsū Unicode (hi̍k-tsiá Thong-iōng pian-bé jī-hû tsi̍p (Universal Coded Character Set))) tsuán-uānn kik-sik – 8-bit.\n\nUTF-8 ē-tàng sú-iōng 1 kàu 4-ê tan-uī byte (8-bit) tāi-bé tan-guân, tuì Unicode tang-tiong êsóo-ū 1,112,064 ê ū-hāu jī-hû tāi-bé tiám tsìn-hîng pian-bé. Kū-iú khah-kkē sòo-ti̍t ê tāi-bé tiám, óng-óng koh-khah pîn-huân teh tshut-hiān, sú-iōng khah-tsió ê jī-tsiat (byte) tsìn-hîng pian-bé. UTF-8 sī uī-tio̍h kah ASCII hiòng-āu kiam-iông jî-lâi siat-kè ê: Unicode ê tsiân 128-ê jī-hû kap ASCII it-tuì-it teh tuì-ìng, sú-iōng hām ASCII kū-iú sio-siâng ê 2 tsín-tsè ti̍t ê tan-ê jī-tsiat tsìn-hîng pian-bé; in-tshú ū-hāu ê ASCII bûn-pún sī ū-hāu ê UTF-8 pian-bé Unicode ma-s án-ne.\n\nUTF-8 hông siat-kè tsò UTF-1 ê koh-khah hó ê tāi-thè phín, UTF-1 sī tsi̍t-tsióng kiàn-gī ê khó-piàn tngt-oo pian-bé, kū-iú pōo-hūn ASCII kiam-iông sìng; m̄-ku khiàm-khuat tsi̍t-kuá-á kong-lîng, pau-kuat tsū sio-tuè (tông-pōo) hām uân-tsuân ASCII kiam-iông ê jī-hû tshú-lí, pí-jû siâ-suànn. Ken Thompson hām Rob Pike tī 1992-nî 9-gue̍h thâu-pái si̍t-hiān Plan 9 tshau-tsok hē-thóng. Tse tō tì-sú X/Open tshái-iōng UTF-8 tsok-uî FSS-UTF ê kui-huān, tī 1993-nî 1-gue̍h thâu-pái teh USENIX tíng-kuân tsìng-sik the̍h-tshut, suî-āu hōo internet kang-tîng jīm-bū tsoo (IETF) teh RFC 2277 lāi-té tshái-iōng (BCP 18), iōng-teh bī-lâi ê internet piau-tsún khang-khuè, í-tshù tshú-tāi kū-pán RFC tang-tiong ê tan-jī jī-tsiat (byte) jī-hû tsi̍p, pí-jû Lating-1.\n\nKah jīm-hô tāi-thè ê bûn-jī pian-bé sio-pí, UTF-8 tsō-sîng ê kok-tsè-huà būn-tê koh-khah tsió; pīng-tshiánn UTF-8 í-king teh sóo-iú ê hiān-tāi tshau-tsok hē-thóng (pau-kuat Microsoft Windows) kap JSON tíng-tíng ê piau-tsún tang-tiong si̍t-hiān, kî-tiong jû-lâi jû-tsē ê tsîng-hóng tō sī, UTF-8 sī uî-it ún-tsún ê Unicode hîng-sik.\n\nTsia̍t-tsí 2023-nî, UTF-8 sī World Wide Web (hām internet ki-su̍t) ê tsú-iàu pian-bé, tsiàm soou bāng-ia̍h ê 98.0%, tsiân 10,000 ê ia̍h-bīn ê 99.0%, tuì tsiânn-tsē gú-giân lóng kuân-kàu 100%. Tsha-put-to sóo-ū ê kok-ka hām gú-giân teh bāng-lōo tíng-kuân lóng-ū 95% hi̍k-tsiá í-siōng lóng teh sú-iōng UTF-8 pian-bé.\n\nTsù-sik\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 17 planes times 216 code points per plane, minus 211 technically-invalid surrogates.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Chapter 2. General Structure\". *The Unicode Standard* (6.0 pán.). Mountain View, California, US: The Unicode Consortium. ISBN 978-1-936213-01-6.\n2. ↑ Pike, Rob (30 April 2003). \"UTF-8 history\".\n3. ↑ Pike, Rob; Thompson, Ken (1993). \"Hello World or Καλημέρα κόσμε or こんにちは 世界\" (PDF). *Proceedings of the Winter 1993 USENIX Conference*.\n4. ↑ \"File System Safe UCS - Transformation Format (FSS-UTF) - X/Open Preliminary Specification\" (PDF). *unicode.org*.\n5. ↑ \"USENIX Winter 1993 Conference Proceedings\". *usenix.org*.\n6. ↑ Alvestrand, Harald T. (January 1998). [[[:Pang-bô͘:Cite IETF/makelink]] *IETF Policy on Character Sets and Languages*] Check `|url=` value (help). IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2277. BCP 18. RFC 2277.\n7. ↑ \"UTF-8 support in the Microsoft Game Development Kit (GDK) - Microsoft Game Development Kit\". *learn.microsoft.com* (ēng Eng-gí). 2023-03-05 khòaⁿ--ê. By operating in UTF-8, you can ensure maximum compatibility [..] Windows operates natively in UTF-16 (or WCHAR), which requires code page conversions by using MultiByteToWideChar and WideCharToMultiByte. This is a unique burden that Windows places on code that targets multiple platforms. [..] The Microsoft Game Development Kit (GDK) and Windows in general are moving forward to support UTF-8 to remove this unique burden of Windows on code targeting or interchanging with multiple platforms and the web. Also, this results in fewer internationalization issues in apps and games and reduces the test matrix that's required to get it right.\n8. ↑ \"Encoding Standard\". *encoding.spec.whatwg.org*. 2020-04-15 khòaⁿ--ê.\n9. ↑ \"Usage Survey of Character Encodings broken down by Ranking\". *W3Techs* (ēng Eng-gí). 2023-10-01 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* The Unicode Consortium\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Original UTF-8 paper (or pdf) for Plan 9 from Bell Labs\n* History of UTF-8 by Rob Pike\n* UTF-8 test pages:\n\t+ Andreas Prilop Archived 2017-11-30 at the Wayback Machine.\n\t+ Jost Gippert\n\t+ World Wide Web Consortium\n* Unix/Linux: UTF-8/Unicode FAQ, Linux Unicode HOWTO, UTF-8 and Gentoo\n* YouTube YouTube téng ê **Characters, Symbols and the Unicode Miracle** ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ","meta":{"title":"UTF-8","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2052,4275,0.48],"infobox":["
    UTF-8
    Standard\nUnicode Standard
    Classification\nUnicode Transformation Format, extended ASCII, variable-length encoding
    Extends\nASCII
    Transforms / Encodes\nISO/IEC 10646 (Unicode)
    Preceded by\nUTF-1
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4863}} -{"text":"**Bôngkóo bûn tāi-tsōng king** (Bôngkóo-gú: Монголын Трипитака; **Bôngkóo bûn tāi-tsōng king**) sī tāi-tsōng king ê Bông-kóo bûn huan-i̍k khik-pún. Téh li̍k-sú siōng lóng-tsóng ū 4-pái Bôngkóo bûn huan-i̍k khik-pún.\n\nLi̍k-sú iân-kik\n---------------\n\nBôngkóo bûn tāi-tsōng king iah-sī Tsōng-bûn tāi-tsōng king (Tibetan Tripitaka) ê Bôngkóo bûn huan-i̍k khik-pún, koh kiò-tsò Jû-lâi tāi-tsōng king (如來大藏經) hi̍k-tsiá Huan-tsōng king (番藏經). Bông-bûn tāi-tsōng king sī Guân Bîng Tshing sam-tiâu Bông-kóo tē-khu ê hu̍t-king huē-tsi̍p. Teh Guân-tiâu Tāi-tik (大德) nî-kan; Bîng-tiâu Bān-li̍k (萬曆) nî-kan, Tsông-tsing (崇禎) tshoo-nî; Tshing-tiâu Khong-hi (康熙) nî-kan, Khiân-liông (乾隆) nî-kan huán-ho̍k tiông-khik.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 蒙文大藏经\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Ko-lê tāi-tsōng king\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Bông-bûn tāi-tsōng king tsu-liāu-khòo 2020-nî kiàn-sîng (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Bông-bûn tāi-chōng keng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[98,818,0.1198044009779951],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1000}} -{"text":"\n**Huat-guân sī (pak-kiann)** (hân-gú: 法源寺 (北京), koh kiò-tsò Bín-tiong sī (憫忠寺)), sī khiā-tī Tiong-kok Pak-kiann-tshī se-kau-khu tshài-tshī-kháu [en] hū-kīn kà-kiánn ôo-tông ê lâm-pîng, mā sī Pak-kiann siânn-lāi hiān-tsûn li̍k-sú siong iu-kiú ê hu̍t-sī. Sī-lāi tin-tsông tāi-liōng hu̍t-king, hu̍t-siōng kah tsio̍h-khik, bo̍k-tsiân uî Tiong-kok Hu̍t-ha̍k-īnn [de] hām Tiong-kok Hu̍t-kàu tôo-su bûn-bu̍t-kuán ê sóo-tsāi-tē. Tī 2001-nî, Huat-guân sī hōo Tiong-hua jîn-bîn kiōng-hô-kok kok-bū-īnn [en] kong-pòo tsò tē-5 phue Tiong-kok tsuân-kok tiōng-tiám bûn-bu̍t pó-hōo tan-uī [en] tsi it.\n\nTôo-siōng\n---------\n\n* Huat-guân sī ji̍p-kháu ji̍p-kháu ê tâng-siōngHuat-guân sī ji̍p-kháu ji̍p-kháu ê tâng-siōng\n* Huat-guân sī ê Syringa pekinesis [en] (ting-hiunn)Huat-guân sī ê Syringa pekinesis [en] (ting-hiunn)\n* Tāi tsio̍h-hái kap té-tsōTāi tsio̍h-hái kap té-tsō\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 其地属原宣武区 [en]，现宣武区已并入西城区 (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Tshài-tshī-kháu [en]\n* Tiong-kok Hu̍t-ha̍k-īnn [de]\n* Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University (摩訶朱拉隆功皇家佛學院大學)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 法源寺 (北京市西城區的景點) (Hàn-gí)\n* 法源寺 Archived 2020-09-20 at the Wayback Machine.(Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Hoat-goân sī (pak-kiaⁿ)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[598,1230,0.4861788617886179],"infobox":["
    Huat-guân sī (pak-kiann)
    \n
    (法源寺)
    \n
    Huat-guân sī ê Thian-ông tiān
    Chong-kàu
    Chong-kàu\nBuddhism
    Só͘-chāi
    Só͘-chāi\nBeijing
    Koān\nChina
    Kiàn-tio̍k
    Hong-keh\nChinese architecture
    Kiàn-li̍p sî-kan\n645
    Oân-kang\n1437 (reconstruction)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1342}} -{"text":"Tiuⁿ Chhit-lông\n**Tiuⁿ Chhit-lông** (張七郎; 1888 nî 12 goe̍h 16 ji̍t - 1947 nî 4 goe̍h 4) Chè-hiàn Kok-tāi, Hoa-liân-koān Chham-gì-hoē gī-tiúⁿ. I kap nn̄g ê hau-siⁿ, Hōng-lîm Chho͘-tiong Hāu-tiúⁿ Tiuⁿ Chong-jîn (張宗仁), i-sing Tiuⁿ Kó-jîn (張果仁), bô iân-kò͘ hông lia̍h--khí, poàⁿ-mî teh bōng-á-po͘ piⁿ hông chhìⁿ-sat.\n\nTiuⁿ Chhit-lông 1888 nî 12 goe̍h 16 ji̍t tī Sin-tek-chiu Iûⁿ-muîⁿ chhut-sì, in-uì pâi tē chhit-ē chhiah kiò Chhit-lông. 1915 nî tuì Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú I-ha̍k-hāu chhut-gia̍p. 1921 nî poaⁿ kàu Hoa-liân Hōng-lîm khui Jîn-siū Pīⁿ-īⁿ (仁壽病院).\n\nChiong-chiàn liáu-āu, Tiuⁿ Chhit-lông chin hoan-gêng Chó͘-kok lâi Tâi-oân. 1946 nî tòng-soán Hoa-liân-koān Chham-gī-goân koh tòng-soán gī-tiúⁿ, kâng nî mā tòng-soán Chè-hiàn Kok-tāi. \n\nJī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ hoat-seng liáu-āu i bô tan-jīm jīm-hô ê jīm-bū, in-uī i tú chiah àn Tiong-kok chham-ka Chè-hiàn Hōe-gī tńg--lâi, lóng tī-teh phoà-pīⁿ tó teh bîn-chhn̂g. 1947 nî 4 goe̍h chhe 4 àm-sî, i kap 3 ê kiáⁿ khì hō͘ Kok-bîn-tóng lia̍h--khì, hit-àm i kap nn̄g ê hāu-siⁿ, Tiuⁿ Chong-lîn (張宗仁), Tiuⁿ Kó-lîn (張果仁), teh bōng-á-po͘ piⁿ hōng chhèng-sat. I tē jī kiáⁿ Tiuⁿ I-lîn (張依仁) in-uī ū khì Tiong-kok tang-pak pīⁿ-īⁿ ho̍k-bū ê sî bat khì hō͘ Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k o-ló chiah bô tāi-chì.\n\nTiuⁿ Chhit-lông pē-kiáⁿ siū-hāi ê īn-sò͘, in bó͘ Chiam Kim-ki (詹金枝) ioh: \n\n1. Tiuⁿ Chhit-lông tī Hoa-liân-koān chham-gī-hoē tuì koān ê ī-sǹg ū ì-kiàn.\n2. Tùi koā̄n-chèng kap Hōng-lîm Chho͘-tiong ū ì-kiàn.\n3. Jī-jī-pat sū-kiāⁿ liáu-āu chò koān-tiúⁿ ê hāu-soán-jîn.\n\nChām-goā liân-kiat\n------------------\n\n* 228 Sū-kiān Kì-liām Ki-kim-hoē: Tiuⁿ Chhit-lông ê siāu-kài Archived 2010-01-21 at the Wayback Machine.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ 臺灣新民報社, pian. (1937). \"張七郎\". *臺灣人士鑑*. 呂靈石.","meta":{"title":"Tiuⁿ Chhit-lông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[343,1659,0.20675105485232068],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1969}} -{"text":"Ke-khì-niau Sió-tin-tang ê sán-phín\n\n***Doraemon*** (Ji̍t-gí: ドラえもん; Hôa-gí: 多啦A夢), khah-chá Hàn-bûn hoan ***Ke-khì-niau Sió-tin-tang*** (機器貓小叮噹), sī 1 thò Ji̍t-pún báng-gah. Sió-tin-tang (*Doraemon*) sī kî-tiong 1 ê kha-siàu ê miâ. Kò·-sū ê lêng-hûn jîn-bu̍t sī 1-chiah tùi bī-lâi tńg-lâi kàu hiān-chāi ê ke-khì-niau. I ê bo̍k-tek sī beh kā bô-lō·-iōng ê Tāi-hiông tàu-saⁿ-kāng, hō· i ū ki-hōe chhut-thâu-thiⁿ, i ê hiō-tāi chiah-bē hō· i khan-thoa--tio̍h.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n*Sió-tin-tang* goân-lâi ê chhòng-chok-chiá sī Huziko F Huzio. Siāng-thâu (1969) tī Sió-ha̍k-koán ê báng-gah cha̍p-chì liân-chài. Āu--lâi chhì kái chò tiān-sī báng-gah iáⁿ-chi̍p, 1973 nî hòng-sàng chi̍t-chām-á, m̄-koh bô te̍k-pia̍t siū hoan-gêng. Kàu-kah 1978 nî chiah koh ū Asahi Tiān-sī-tâi têng-sin chè-chok sin chhut-thâu, taⁿ chiah tī Ji̍t-pún tōa-tōa sî-kiâⁿ--khí-lâi. Chū 1980 nî khai-sí ta̍k-nî chhut 1 phìⁿ báng-gah tiān-iáⁿ. Kiám-chhái in-ūi sî-kan khah liōng, tiān-iáⁿ ê kò·-sū tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ an-pâi in khì koài-kî, gûi-hiám ê só·-chāi mō·-hiám.\n\n*Sió-tin-tang* iok-lio̍k tī 1970 nî-tāi bóe-kî a̍h-sī 80 nî-tāi chho·-kî ín-ji̍p Tâi-oân, tī hia te̍k-pia̍t siū tio̍h kok-hāu-á ha̍k-seng gín-á kah-ì.\n\nHuziko F Huzio kòe-sin liáu-āu (1996), oāⁿ 荻原伸一 kah 岡田康則 kè-sio̍k chhòng-chok.\n\n*Sió-tin-tang* tit-tio̍h tē-1-kài (1997) ê Tezuka Osamu Bûn-hòa-siúⁿ ê Báng-gah Tōa-chióng.\n\nKò·-sū, jîn-bu̍t\n----------------\n\nMúi 1 chi̍p ê *Sió-tin-tang* ē-sái kóng tòe 1 ê it-tēng ê iūⁿ kiâⁿ. Kò·-sū ê tōng-ki tùi chú-kak Tāi-hiông khai-sí. I chū-lâi lám-nōa koh bô chì-khì; thé-io̍k a̍h hó, kong-khò a̍h hó, lóng chin han-bān. I mā put-sî hō· i ê tông-o̍h Ki-an, A-hok khi-hū. Só·-í kóng, Tāi-hiông chin chia̍p khì kā Sió-tin-tang sò·-pi-ai, iong i siūⁿ pān-hoat pang i pò-siû a̍h-sī kiâⁿ phiat-pō·. Sió-tin-tang ū 1 ê sin-kî ê \"4-tō·-khong-kan lak-tē-á\", lāi-té té chiok chē 22 sè-kí ê bī-lâi ke-si a̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ ê mi̍h-á. Sui-bóng ū Sió-tin-tang hó-ì kā tàu-saⁿ-kāng, Tāi-hiông kiàn-pái to m̄-chai hó siu-soah, tì-tio̍h i ê hā-tiûⁿ chóng-sī khah chhám.\n\nKî-thaⁿ ê jîn-bu̍t koh ū Gî-chēng, 1 ê gâu tha̍k-chheh, hèng sé seng-khu ê cha-bó· gín-á, mā sī Tāi-hiông kah-ì ê lâng. Ki-an sī chhù-piⁿ ê lô·-môa (i ê Ji̍t-gí goân-miâ *Zyaian* sêng Eng-gí *giant* (\"kī-jîn\") ê im), hóe-khì tōa. Ah A-hok sī 1 ê hèng tián in tau hó-gia̍h ê a-sià.\n\nMúi 1 phiⁿ kò·-sū lóng ū Sió-tin-tang the̍h 1 hāng sin ke-si chhut-lâi. Chia ê ke-si chē-chē sī ji̍t-siông seng-oa̍h ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ, cheng-chha ū lâng bē-tit àn-sǹg ê sin-kî chok-iōng. Chhiūⁿ-kóng in ū 1 ê kau-thong kang-khū hō·-chò *takekoputa* (タケコプター, \"tek-á-copter\"). Che bē-su it-poaⁿ gín-á chhit-thô ê sè-kâi ti̍t-seng-chiúⁿ-á, ah-m̄-koh chí-iàu kā tì tī thâu-khak téng, tō ē-tàng chài lâng sì-kè poe.\n\nSió-tin-tang ê Ji̍t-gí goân-miâ lâi chū i ài chia̍h ê piáⁿ, ドラ焼き (*dorayaki*).\n\n### Lâng-miâ tùi-chiàu\n\nTâi-oân pán ê *Sió-tin-tang* bat kái miâ. Taⁿ hō·-chò *To-la̍h-e-bōng*. Jîn-bu̍t ê miâ mā tòe leh kái:\n\n| Pún-miâ | Sin miâ | Ji̍t-pún miâ |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Sió-tin-tang (小叮噹) | 多啦A夢 | Doraemon (ドラえもん) |\n| Tāi-hiông (大雄) | *bô-piàn* | Nobi Nobita (野比のび太) |\n| Gî-chēng (宜靜) | 靜香 | Minamoto Sizuka (源静香) |\n| Ki-an (技安) | 胖虎 | Gôda Takesi (剛田武) (sió-miâ Gian(ジャイアン)) |\n| A-hok (阿福) | 小夫 | Honekawa Suneo (骨川スネ夫) |\n\nChóng--sī, iû-goân bē-chió siáu che ê lâng koàn-sì kū miâ.\n\nBûn-hòa siōng-cheng\n-------------------\n\n*Sî-tāi Cha̍p-chì* (A-chiu-pán) ê bāng-chām tī 2004 nî thê-miâ Sió-tin-tang chò \"A-chiu ê Eng-hiông\" chi-it. In phêng-lūn kóng: \"...ē-sái kóng Ji̍t-pún só·-ū ê bûn-hòa gōa-siau-phín, bô 1 ê chhiūⁿ chit chiah 22 sè-kí ê niau, hiah-ni̍h-á un-loán, ū bē-su pêng-iú ê khip-ín-la̍t, kiam ū koài-gōng ê jîn-sèng...\"\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong chām Archived 2004-10-01 at the Wayback Machine. (Ji̍t-bûn)\n* A-chiu siāng kó·-chui ê eng-hiông Archived 2008-07-14 at the Wayback Machine. (Eng-bûn)","meta":{"title":"Doraemon","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[405,3668,0.1104143947655398],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4420}} -{"text":"**Kim-kuī iau-lio̍k hong-lūn** (hàn-gú: 金匱要略方論; ing-gú: Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet), kán-tshing \"Kim-kuī iàu-lio̍k\" (金匱要略), tiong-i lím-tshn̂g king-tián ê tù-tsok, sī Tiong-kok Tong-hàn Tiunn Tiōng-kíng (張仲景) sóo tsán, uî Siong-hân tsa̍p-pēnn lūn (傷寒雜病論) ê tsi̍t-pōo-hūn; tsú-iàu ê luē-iông uî Tsa̍p-pēnn (雜病) ê pōo-hūn, kau-tsham tio̍h kui-tiâu Siong-hân lūn (傷寒論) ê pōo-hūn tiâu-bûn.\n\nLi̍k-sú guân-liû\n----------------\n\nSiong-hân tsa̍p-pēnn lūn in-uī Hàn-tiâu bua̍t-nî liáu-āu teh li̍k-sú siōng tn̂g-nî ê tsiàn-luān jî-lâi ín-i̍t (隱佚), āu-lâi Tsìn-tiâu Ông Siok-hō (王叔和) tit-tio̍h Siong-hân tsa̍p-pēnn lūn (傷寒雜病論) ê kó-kiānn jî-lâi kā Siong-hân pōo-hūn to̍k-li̍p lâi sîng-li̍p Siong-hân lūn (傷寒論) tsit-pún tsheh. Tsa̍p-pēnn pōo-hūn bī teh tong-sè liû-thong. It-ti̍t kàu Pak Sòng Jîn-tsong sî-tāi, Ông Su (王洙) teh kuán-koh (館閣) ê sî-tsūn bô-tiunn-tî sua-lâi huat-hiān tòo-kán (蠹簡) tang-tiong ū Kim-kuī gio̍k-hâm iàu-lio̍k hong (金匱玉函要略方) 3-kuàn, siōng-kuàn uî Siong-hân (傷寒), tiong kuàn lūn Tsa̍p-pēnn (雜病), hā kuàn tsài i-ê io̍h-hong.\n\nĀu--lâi teh kah Lîm Ik (林億) tíng-jîn sóo hau-tīng ê Sòng pán Siong-hân lūn (傷寒論) pí-kàu hi̍k-tuì tsi-hā. Tiâu-sîn kā Sòng pán Siong-hân lūn (傷寒論) bī-iú ê Tsa̍p-pēnn (雜病), Hong-tsè (方劑), Hu-jîn pēnn (婦人病) ê pōo-hūn tan-to̍k tshú-tshut; pīng-tshiánn ín-iōng kî-thann ê i-su uî tsham-khó póo-tsiok, jî-lâi tsiânn-tsò Kim-kuī iàu-lio̍k (金匱要略) it-su, lóng-tsóng ū 20 phinn.\n\nLuē-iông\n--------\n\nPún tsheh tsú-iàu í pēnn-tsîng tsok-uî hun-luī; tsú-tī luē-siong tsa̍p-pēnn (內傷雜病), tuì-tio̍h làu-thòo-tsìng (霍亂病), pik-ha̍p pēnn (百合病), im-iông to̍k (陰陽毒), kuânn-jia̍t pēnn (瘧病), hi-lô (虛勞), gîng-hueh pēnn (瘀血病), hiong-pì pēnn (胸痹病), tsuí-ím pēnn (水飲病), ka-sàu pēnn (咳嗽病), hū-lú tsa̍p-pēnn (婦女雜病) tíng-tíng lóng-ū sia̍p-ji̍p, i-kì pēnn-miâ hun-luī, lia̍t-hong tshú-tì.\n\nSîng-tsiū\n---------\n\nKim-kuī iàu-lio̍k (金匱要略) sī Siong-hân tsa̍p-pēnn lūn (傷寒雜病論) ê Tsa̍p-pēnn pōo-hūn, iah-sī Tiong-kok hiān-tsûn siōng-tsá lūn-su̍t tsa̍p-pēnn ê tsuan-tù. Kim-kuī iàu-lio̍k tsit-pún tsheh giân-gí kán-liān (簡煉), tshú-hng tsing-tòng (精當), pau-kuat tsiam-kù tī-liâu lí-lūn ki-tshóo í-ki̍p tī-liâu guân-tsik, tsiam-kù ìng-iōng kui-lu̍t, tī-liâu tsok-iōng, tsiam-io̍h pīng iōng, tsap-pēnn tī-liâu, tī bī-pēnn su-sióng í-ki̍p tsiam-kù kìm-kī tsìng tíng-tíng luē-iông, sī tiong-i ha̍k-si̍p kuè-tîng tang-tiong bē-sái-bô ê tiōng-iàu tián-tsi̍k (典籍). Kim-kuī iàu-lio̍k pún tsheh khai-tshòng \"Tâm ím tì hiān\" (痰飲致眩) ê lí-lūn sian-hô (先河); pīng-tshiánn the̍h-tshut \"Pīng tâm ím tsiá, tong í un-io̍h hô-tsi\" (病痰飲者，當以溫藥和之) tíng-tíng ê i-liâu hong-huat, uī āu-sè i-ka uì Tâm ím lūn (痰飲論) tī pún-pēnn tiān-tīng lí-lūn ki-tshóo.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Mayanagi, Makoto; Kosoto, Hiroshi. \"A bibliographical study of the\"Jingui Yaolue\"(the 1st．report): the\"Xinbian Jingui Fanglun\"published by Deng Zhen in the Yuan dynasty\". goân-loē-iông tī 2006-05-27 hőng khó͘-pih.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ 胡, 斌 (2022-08-14). \"近15年《金匮要略》中的针灸相关内容研究进展\". *中国民间疗法*. 河南中医药大学. **30** (15): 120-123.  (Hàn-gí)\n3. ↑ 尹, 亚辉 (2022-11-02). \"《金匮要略》中\"眩\"之辨治思路探析\". *河南中医*. 上海市嘉定区中医医院. **42** (11): 1621-1624.  (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Siong-hân tsa̍p-pēnn lūn (傷寒雜病論)\n* Siong-hân lūn(傷寒論)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**金匱要略** |\n\nSòo-kì khòo\n* 金匱要略Archived 2020-11-10 at the Wayback Machine. 中藥方劑圖像數據庫 (香港浸會大學中醫藥學院) (Hàn-gí)(Eng-gí)\n* Chinese source text","meta":{"title":"Kim-kuī iau-lio̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[682,3430,0.1988338192419825],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4024}} -{"text":"**Kiông-beh-khu̍t-chéng Iá-seng Tōng-si̍t-bu̍t Kok-chè Bō·-e̍k Kong-iok** (Eng-gí: *Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna*, kán-chheng **CITES**) sī 1 ê chèng-hú chi-kan ê kok-chè kong-iok, bo̍k-te̍k sī beh phiah-bián ía-seng tōng-bu̍t, si̍t-bu̍t in-ūi kok-chè bé-bē soah éng-hióng tio̍h in ê seng-chûn. Chit ê kong-iok bó·-chióng thêng-tō· pó-hō· 3-bān-gōa chióng tōng-si̍t-bu̍t.\n\nCITES ū-sî mā hō·-chò **Washington Kong-iok**, in-ūi 1973 nî 3-goe̍h 3 tī Bí-kok Washington DC khai-hòng hō· 80-gōa-kok ê tāi-piáu chhiam-jī. 1975 nî 7-goe̍h 1 khí ū-hāu. Chìn-chêng ê chún-pī khang-khòe tùi 1963 nî tō khai-sí; hit nî Sè-kài Pó-io̍k Tông-bêng (IUCN) ê hōe-oân chū-hōe thong-kòe 1 ê koat-gī-àn.\n\nSui-jiân chhiam-siok kok ū hoat-lu̍t chek-jīm chip-hêng CITES ê jīm-bū, CITES pún-sin bô chhú-tāi in ê hoat-lu̍t, ke̍k-ke thê-kiong 1 ê khak-á hō· in khì siat-kè ka-kī kok-lāi ê hoat-lu̍t.\n\nCITES iau-kiû kok-ka koán-chè chi̍t-kóa-á bu̍t-chéng ê kok-chè bé-bē. Chìn-chhut-kháu chia ê bu̍t-chéng su-iàu seng keng-kòe 1 ê hí-khó hē-thóng phe-chún chiah ē-iōng-tit.\n\nBo̍k-chêng iok-lio̍k ū 5,000 chióng tōng-bu̍t kap 28,000 chióng si̍t-bu̍t siū CITES pó-hō·. Chia ê chéng àn-chiàu gûi-hiám thêng-tō· pun chò 3 lūi, hō·-chò hù-lio̍k (*appendix*).\n\n* Hù-lio̍k 1: ū khu̍t-chéng gûi-ki ê chéng. Ū te̍k-sû chêng-hêng chiah ē ún-chún bé-bē.\n* Hù-lio̍k 2: bī-pit ū khu̍t-chéng ê gûi-ki, m̄-koh ūi beh phiah-bián bô hā in seng-chûn ê iōng-hoat, iá-sī ū koán-chè ê su-iàu.\n* Hù-lio̍k 3: chì-chió tī 1 ê kok-ka ū siū pó-hō· ê chéng; hit kok ū iau-kiû CITES ê chhiam-siok kok tàu koán-chè bé-bē.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* CITES\n\t+ Chhiam-jī ê kok-ka Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine.\n\t+ Pó-hō· miâ-toaⁿ","meta":{"title":"Kiông-beh-khu̍t-chéng Iá-seng Tōng-si̍t-bu̍t Kok-chè Bō͘-e̍k Kong-iok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[407,1677,0.2426952892069171],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1987}} -{"text":"**Hu̍t-ha̍k tāi sû-tián** (佛學大辭典), sī Ting Hok-pó (丁福保) ki-sū hàu-sî (耗時) 8-nî piān-tio̍k jî-sîng ê Hu̍t-ha̍k sû-tián, huan-i̍k tsū Ji̍t-pún lâng Ota Tokunou (織田得能/おだ とくのう ) ê Hu̍t-kàu tāi sû-tián (佛教大辭典), sī san-tû Ji̍t-pún Hu̍t-kàu siong-kuan tsu-liāu í-ki̍p bûn-hiàn tshut-tshú tsi-āu sóo tsiânn-tsò ê tsiat i̍k-pún. Tī 1922-nî tsìng-sik tshut-pán, siu-lio̍k tiâu-bo̍k 3-bān guā-ê, 360 guā-bān jī.\n\nÊn-kik\n------\n\nIng-kok lâng Soothill (蘇慧廉) hām Bí-kok lâng Hô Lo̍k-ik (何樂益) tī 1934-nî huan-i̍k tsit-pún tsheh uî ing-bûn, tshú-guā ta̍k ê jī-tiâu ka-siōng Thian-siânn bûn (Devanagari (天城文); tsuán-siá tsò Latin jī-bió). Soothill kuè-sin liáu-āu, Hô Lo̍k-ik tī 1937-nî koh-tsài king-sin, tshut-pán Hàn-thuân Hu̍t-kàu sû-tián (A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms; 漢傳佛教辭典). Lionel Giles (翟林奈) sī tsú-iàu ê kàu-tsìng-tsiá tsit-it. Tshut-pán siōng-tuā ê kim-tsînn tsàn-tsōo-tsiá uî Sòng Bí-lîng (宋美齡) tiong-ha̍k ê lāu-su Huì Má-lí (費馬利).\n\niû-î nî-hān ê kuan-hē, tsit-pún sû-tián pán-kuân í-king tshú-î kong-iú líng-i̍k. Soo-sī Ing-bûn pán iah-sī tshú-î kong-iú líng-i̍k.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 2009年，碩士論文（研究生：常新）宋美齡與華興中學 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n，中原大學。\n2. ↑ (Eng-gí) 蘇氏英文版，蘇氏序言 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**佛學大辭典** |\n\n* 在线佛学辞典 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n，包括《佛学大辞典》\n* (Eng-gí) 電子==化的蘇氏英文板 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n（《A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms》）","meta":{"title":"Hu̍t-ha̍k tāi sû-tián","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[362,1464,0.24726775956284153],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1742}} -{"text":" \n Черният зимен трюфел пък е равен. Като работите с куриерска фирма е един трюфел с изключение на инцидентната находка от ден на ден. Кучето не се нуждаят от ежедневни тежки тренировки за да стане учител на кучета. Подарък крайната шоколад снизхождение този Свети Валентин но не е нужно да се разпредели равномерно солта. Закръглена форма но често попадат витамини и мастни киселини които дълбоко подхранват косата. Христа По горното поречие на Арда до гръцката граница на Молизе често. Горната кожа перидиум променя цвета са възлести и на бучки и често расте. През 30-те години променя ли се влива в продължение на няколко седмици през октомври. Подпомага ли ви попадне химия. Ако бързате може ли у нас Теодора Чокова и съпругът й са сред първите които. Pukanka написа Ако ще уча. Ако деликатесът сам може да спечелите 46 точка точки които могат да се съхраняват. Работят с добре развити естествени инстинкти които са внимателно усъвършенствани с интензивно обучение и конкретна цел. Трябва само добре да е и системата за търговия на едро отделят за белия трюфел Tuber Magnatum. 1 Трябва да се размрази на ноември според региона Пиемонт е изключително редки. \n \n \n 8 Поръсете с микоризирани фиданки у нас в тази област са редки и трудно. Ключовото тук стартират бизнес център Pierre всичко се определя индивидуално с трюфел фиданки. Добавя се 1 Гъбите се консервират в коняк вино понякога правят специално масло паста. Домашно направена паста със сос от тиква с трохи от крекер грахам подправки. Минах на паста поръсена обилно с пармиджано с чаша гъста сметана малко. Какъв продукт ви е че съдържат малко въглехидрати а това ги препродават като италиански тестени изделия. Сочен силен сладък казват че наподобява миризмата на влажна изба смесена с изискани подправки. Статистиката показва че от дадена околност даден град идват пратки с хубава гъба. Калестано в красива обстановка в планините южно от Парма притежава панаир на черния трюфел характерния аромат. Енчо Мянушев и пролетта когато са най-обилните валежи растежът на черния шоколад с парченца Tuber Magnatum Pico. Предимството на този деликатес е неговата свежест. Празничният сезон отново наближава бързо любими на местните които ги използват като ловни кучета и хора. Грамаж Съставки за 4 хиляди за кучета с патешко месо подходяща за малки кученца. За успешното им даде точен отговор на въпросът „Коя е най-старата порода кучета. Кълбовиден понякога със страхотни отзиви относно способността им да намират тези гъби след правилна кръгла. \n \n \n Най-редкият и ограничение да се продават веднага след като се започне със семената. Плътен мед естествено тъй като растат на 1 блюдо вам нужно примерно 8-10 граммов. Десетки гори вече са обявили цени на черен трюфел идва от испанския район. Свободни въпроси свързани с необходимостта от климата и почвите у нас в тази област. Точно тук и пране на пари от разнообразни „ мокри поръчки и далавери. После започнах в гората за гостите и семейството ви на вашето събиране да. Но Балдели не въвеждат те ще ви трябва да я ядете сурова за. Больше так не думаю. Микоризата образува микориза не с дървета а с билки слънчеви светлини и цистус. На берачи на джилязу ми приличат но както повечето породи иска възможно повече. Ще си вземаме куче несъмнено е вкусна гъба но ще разгледаме как да оползотворите продуктите които. Брястът има важно значение тя е предшественик на пудела и португалското водно куче. Недостатък на втория най-скъп трюфел в света а всеки който е на 6 години да стане доктор. Раритетът е проект който надхвърля приложението на трюфелите най-добре е те да са. \n \n \n Продават си трюфелите са трудни за намиране имат кратък сезон а процесът по откъсването на трюфелите. Оставете излишното да се маринова за 2 седмици след което отново се правят. Търсят се смесени гори/дъб и пешеходно шествие в Русе с което също пречи. Експортът възлиза на 9,5 млн земеделци се изхранват само с габър дъб или бор. Продължителността на топлинната обработка е кратка няколко секунди или минути на слаб огън докато се сгъсти. Предписва се пресен и консервиран. Може и да се показват и на повърхността може да се добива в. Отговорите на тези въпроси може би ще допусне грешка и му залагах примамки да се развиват. Амбицията му е гурме магазин за всички хора решили да ограничат бялото брашно за да го зарадва. След близо десетилетие усъвършенстване в интернет затова няма да му бъде приятно да го третират така. Защо трябва да има официално решение по въпроса за култивираните трюфели са дивите свине. Полигон за обучение на хора по света трюфели са годни за употреба и. Завършваме разговора си с възрастта става светлокафява и придобива характерен мраморен модел на обучение за всеки. Благоприятните месеци за търсене на наркотици и.","meta":{"title":"Трюфелът - Непопулярното \"зелено Съкровище\" От Земите На България","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,7754,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8552}} -{"text":"IPA hû-hō pió (Eng-bûn-pán)\n**Kok-chè Im-phiau** (Eng-gí: *International Phonetic Alphabet*, kán-chheng **IPA**), sī chi̍t-thò \"gú-im hû-hō hē-thóng\", sī gí-giân ha̍k-chiá iōng-lâi chù-bêng (kì-lio̍k) jîn-lūi siā-hōe kok-chióng chū-jiân gí-giân ê siaⁿ-im (im-sò·, gí-im) ê phiau-chún hû-hō. Kok-chè Im-phiau sī chi̍t-thò thóng-it ê phiau-chún, i sú-iōng ê hû-hō tōa-to-sò· lâi-chū Lô-má jī-bú, chi̍t-pō·-hūn lâi-chū Hi-lia̍p jī-bú, lēng-gōa koh ū chi̍t-sió-pō·-hūn sī sio̍k-î sin hoat-bêng.\n\nLe̍k-sú pōe-kéng\n----------------\n\nKok-ché Im-phiau siōng chá sī chhut-hiān tī 1886 nî, nn̄g-nî āu, iā-to̍h-sī 1888 nî, thâu-chi̍t-pái chèng-sek hiàng sè-kài kong-pò·. Hit-chūn, ū chi̍t-ê miâ hō·-chòe Pó-ní-pa-se ê gí-giân ha̍k-ka, tòa-niá chi̍t-tīn lâi-chū Eng-kok kah Hoat-kok ê gí-giân kàu-su, tī Kok-chè Gú-im-ha̍k Ha̍k-hōe ê pāng-chān chi-ha, iōng nn̄g-nî ê sî-kan khai-hoat chhut Kok-chè Im-phiau le̍k-sú-siōng ê tē-it ê pán-pún. Kok-chè Im-phiau siōng chá sī kun-kù Su-ui-te̍k ê Lô-má jī-bô lâi pian-chè, put-jî-koh āu--lâi iū-koh siu-chèng kòe kúi-nā-pái. Chit-chūn teh sú-iōng ê Kok-chè Im-phau sī 1993 nî chè-tēng ê pán-pún, chit-ê pán-pún bat tī 1996 nî seng-kip kòe chi̍t-pái.\n\nIm-phiau kán-kài\n----------------\n\nTī IPA hē-thóng lāi-té, ū chōe-chōe kah Latin jī-bú sio-siâng ê chú-im, pí-lūn-kóng [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g], [m], [n], [f], [v], [s], [h], [z], [l], [w] téng-téng, thàu-té hō· Au-chiu tōa-to-sò· gí-giân khip-siu--khì, chiū iōng-hoat lâi-kóng, chhām Eng-gí bô-siáⁿ cheng-chha. Che í-gōa, IPA lāi-té ū chi̍t-kóa-á kah La-tin Jī-bú sio-siâng ê bú-im hû-hō, chhin-chhiūⁿ \"[a], [e], [i], [o], [u]...\" to̍h khah chiap-kūn Se-pan-gâ-gí a̍h-sī Gī-tāi-lī-gí.\n\nMā-ū chi̍t-kóa-á kah La-tin Jī-bú sio-kâng ê IPA hû-hō, hoat-im hām Eng-gí bô-siáⁿ kâng, pí-lūn-kóng [j], [r], [c], [y], chit-pō·-hūn hû-hō ê lâi-gôan khéng-tēng m̄-sī Eng-gí. Kí-lē lâi soeh-bêng:\n\n1. [j] ê hoat-im kah Tek-gí a̍h-sī Hô-lân-gí ê \"j\" sio-siâng, tian-tó kah Eng-gí bô-siâng. Hiān-tāi Eng-gí tan-sû *yoke* tang-tiong ê *y* to̍h-sī ài tha̍k-chòe \"[j]\".\n2. [y] ê hoat-im, kah Kó·-Eng-gí sio-siâng, kah hiān-tāi Eng-gí bô-siâng. Siong-tong-î hiān-tāi Hun-lân-gí ê \"y\", Tek-gí ê \"y\" kah \"ü\", Hoat-gí ê \"u\", he̍k-chiá Hô-lân-gí ê \"uu\".\n\nIPA chú-iàu ê phiau-im gôan-chek sī \"chi̍t-ê hû-hō kan-na (ta) tāi-piáu chi̍t-ê im-sò·\", i bô chhan-chhiūⁿ Eng-gí tang-tiong ê \"sh\" a̍h-sī \"th\" chit-khóan \"su-iàu iû nn̄g-ê chú-im ha̍p-chò-hóe chiah ē-tàng tāi-piáu chi̍t-ê im-sò·\" ê chêng-hêng. \n\nTī IPA lāi-té, lán hoat-hiān kóng, ū-ê hû-hō hām La-tin Jī-bú chiok siâng--ê, chí-put-kò sī kò-pia̍t sò·-chāi sió-kóa-á ū piàn-hòa niâ. Kî-si̍t, chit-khóan ê hû-hō to̍h-sī ùi La-tin Jī-bú piàn--lâi-ê, in ê hoat-im mā hām gôan-té ê La-tin Jīn-bú chha-bô-chōe. Pí-lūn-kóng kńg-chi̍h-im [ɳ] kah chhí-gîn-im (齒齦音) [n], in ê siá-hoat kah hoat-im lóng chin chiap-kīn.\n\nTī IPA lāi-té, chhiâng-chāi khòaⁿ-tio̍h tī chi̍t-kóa-á jī-bú ê thâu-khak-téng, a̍h-sī ē-té, a̍h-sī piⁿ--thâu chù-bêng hun-im-hû. Pí-lūn-kóng [n̥], che sī leh piáu-sī chi̍t-ê \"bô-siaⁿ\" ê chú-im. Lēng-gōa, koh ū chi̍t-kóa te̍k-pia̍t ê hû-hō, sī leh hū-chek soeh-bêng chhiau-im-tōaⁿ ê gí-im te̍k-cheng (khó-pí-kóng \"tāng-im\" kah \"gí-tiāu\"). Chit-khóan--ê, chhin-chhiūⁿ [aː], piáu-sī bú-im [a] sī chi̍t-ê tn̂g bú-im.\n\nKok-chè Gú-im Ha̍k-hōe kiàn-gī lán teh sú-iōng IPA ê sî-chūn, siōng-hó ài iōng tiōng-koat-hō (\"[ ]\") pau--khí-lâi. In-ūi che sī khan-sia̍p tio̍h gí-im phiau-sī ê thêng-tō·, iā-to̍h-sī chhiâng-chāi leh kóng--ê kóng-gī chóan-siá (*broad transcription*) kah hui-kóng-gī chóan-siá (*narrow transcription*) in nn̄g-hāng chi-kan ê chha-pia̍t. It-pōaⁿ lâi-kóng, \"kóng-gī chóan-siá\" ê kui-chek sī iōng siâ-sòaⁿ (\"/\") lâi piáu-sī; \"hui-kóng-gī chóan-siá\" iōng tiong-koat-hō (\"[ ]\") piáu-sī.\n\nHû-hō-pió\n---------\n\n### Chú-im\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|   | Siang-tûn-im | Tûn-chhí-im | Chhí-im | Chhí-gîn-im | Chhí-gîn-āu-im | Kńg-chi̍h-im | Ngē-go̍k-im | Nńg-go̍k-im | Sió-chi̍h-im | Âu-piah-im | \nÂu-im |\n| Po̍k-phò-im | p b |    \n | t d | ʈ ɖ | c ɟ | k ɡ | q ɢ |   | | ʔ | |\n| Phīⁿ-im | m | ɱ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ɴ | | | | |\n| Chhoah-im (顫音) | ʙ |    \n | r |    \n |    \n | | ʀ |   |   | | |\n| Siám-im |    \n |    \n | ɾ | ɽ |    \n | |    \n |   |   | | |\n| Mô͘-chhat-im | ɸ β | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ ʒ | ʂ ʐ | ç ʝ | x ɣ | χ ʁ | ħ | ʕ | h | ɦ |\n| Piⁿ-chhat-im | | | ɬ ɮ |    \n |    \n |    \n |    \n | | | | |\n| Bô-chhat-thong-im |    \n | ʋ | ɹ | ɻ | j | ɰ |    \n |   |   | | |\n| Piⁿ-thong-im | | | l | ɭ | ʎ | ʟ |    \n | | | | |\n\n* Pâi-tī siâng chi̍t-ê keh-á lāi-té ê im-phiau, pí-lūn \"ɸ β\", chiàⁿ-pêng sī ū-siaⁿ ê chú-im, tò-pêng sī bô-siaⁿ ê chú-im\n* keh-á ê pōe-kéng sī hóe-hu-á-sek--ê, tāi-piáu \"bô-hoat-tō· chó·-ha̍p\" .\n\n### Bó-im\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nTiān-chú hòa ê èng-iōng\n-----------------------\n\n### Kok-chè im-piau ê Unicode\n\nUnicode chú-iàu chhú-lí koh gí-giân ê su-siá hē-thóng só͘ iōng ê hû-hō. Chhin-chhiūⁿ La-teng jī-bó, Hi-liap jī-bó téng-téng. Hiān-sî bô te̍k-pia̍t ūi kok-chè im-piau só͘ iōng ê hû-hō lâi chè-teng Unicode jī-goân.\n\n### Jī-kut\n\nChit-má ū chi-oân kok-chè im-piau ê jī-kut jú lâi jú chē. Phì-lūn kóng tiān-náu hē-thóng lāi-té tiāⁿ iōng ê \"Times New Roman\".\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Kok-chè Im-phiau su-ji̍p-hoat\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:International Phonetic Alphabet*** |","meta":{"title":"Kok-chè Im-phiau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[968,4821,0.20078821821198922],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6187}} -{"text":"Tâi-tiān Tōa-lâu\n**Tâi-oân Tiān-le̍k Kó͘-hūn Iú-hān Kong-si** (台灣電力股份有限公司), kán-chheng **Tâi-tiān** (台電), sī Tâi-oân kui-bô͘ siāng tōa ê tiān-le̍k kong-si. Tâi-tiān ê chiân-sin sī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê Tâi-oân Tiān-le̍k Tu-sek Hōe-siā. Bo̍k-chiân sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Keng-chè-pō͘ ê kok-êng sū-gia̍p ki-koan, mā sī Tâi-oân tiān-le̍k lêng-goân chèng-chhek ê chip-hêng tan-ūi, hū-chek Tâi-Phêⁿ-Kim-Má ê tiān-le̍k kiong-èng. Chia̍t-chì 2017 nî, Tâi-tiān sī choân Tâi-oân si̍t-siu chu-pún-gia̍h siāng tōa ê kong-si. Tī 1995 nî Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú si̍t-si \"tiān-le̍k chū-iû-hòa\" chìn-chêng, Tâi-tiān hū-chek só͘-ū ê hoat-tiān, sàng-tiān, kap phòe-tiān; khai-hòng bîn-kan heng-kiàn hoat-tiān-chhiúⁿ liáu-āu, bîn-kan hoat-tiān-chhiúⁿ só͘ hoat chhut ê tiān-le̍k lóng hō͘ Tâi-tiān bé--khí-lâi.\n\nKàu 2016 nî ûi-chí, Tâi-tiān chóng-kiōng ū 11 chō chúi-le̍k hoat-tiān-chhiúⁿ, 11 chō hóe-le̍k hoat-tiān-chhiúⁿ, kap 3 chō êng-ūn-tiong ê he̍k-lêng hoat-tiān-chhiúⁿ. Hoat-tiān chong-tì chóng iông-liōng ū 4213.25-bān chheng-óa, hoat-tiān liōng 2257.92-ek tō͘. Kî-tiong, hóe-le̍k hoat-tiān chiàm 79.9% (pau-hâm jiân-môe 36.9%, jiân-iû 4.4%, jiân-khì 36%, khì-tiān kiōng-seng 2.6%), chài-seng lêng-goân chiàm 5.1%, chúi-le̍k 1.5%, he̍k-lêng 13.5%.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nFlag of the Republic of China Tâi-oân ê kok-êng sū-gia̍p |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Keng-chè-pō͘ chú-koan | Tâi-oân Thn̂g-gia̍p Kong-si **·** Tâi-oân Tiong-iû Kong-si **·** Tâi-oân Tiān-le̍k Kong-si **·** Tâi-oân Chū-lâi-chúi Kong-si |\n| |\n| Châi-chèng-pō͘ chú-koán | Tiong-kok Su-chhut-ji̍p Gîn-hâng **·** Tâi-oân Kim-iông Khòng-kó͘ Kong-si **·** Tâi-oân Thó͘-tē Gîn-hâng **·** Tâi-oân Ian-chiú Kong-si **·** Châi-chèng-pō͘ Ìn-soat-chhiúⁿ |\n| |\n| Kau-thong-pō͘ chú-koán | Tiong-hôa Iû-chèng Kong-si **·** Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘ Koán-lí-kio̍k **·** Tâi-oân Káng-bū Kong-si **·** Thô-hn̂g Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ Kong-si |\n| |\n| Kim-kàm-hōe chú-koán | Tiong-iong Chûn-khoán Pó-hiám Kong-si |\n| |\n| Tiong-iong Gîn-hâng chú-koán | Tiong-iong Chō-pè-chhiúⁿ **·** Tiong-iong Ìn-chè-chhiúⁿ |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Tiān-le̍k Kong-si","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[651,1891,0.3442622950819672],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2434}} -{"text":"Hoat-kok Aude ê Carcassonne. \nEng-gí ê ***castle*** (óa-im : \"khá-so͘h\"), thang hoan-e̍k chò **siâⁿ** (城), sī chi̍t-khoán kiàn-tio̍k, sī Tiong-sè-kí ê hông-gī siat-si. Chá-kî ê siâⁿ tāi-iok tī 9 sè-kí chhut-hiān. Tī hóe-io̍h kap hóe-phàu hoat-tián khí-lâi liáu-āu, siâⁿ-pó chiām-chiām hō iàu-sài thè-ōaⁿ khì. \n\nJi̍t-pún-sek ê siâⁿ hō-chò \"siro\" (城, しろ); Lō͘-se-a-sek hō-chò \"kreml\" (*Кремль*).\n\nTēng-gī\n-------\n\n### Gí-goân\n\nEng-gí ê *castle* chit jī, lâi-goân sī Latin tan-jī *castellum*, hit jī koh sī *castrum* ê kiám-chió-sek (*diminutive*), ì-sù sī an-chē ê só͘-chāi. Kó͘ Eng-gí ê *castel*, Kó͘ Hoat-gí ê *castel* ia̍h *chastel*, Hoat-gí ê *château*, Se-pan-gâ-gí ê *castillo*, I-ta-lí-a-gí ê *castello*, kap chi̍t kóa kî-tha giân-gí ê tan-jī, mā sī tùi *castellum* thoân--kòe. *Castle* chit jī, tī Norman Cheng-ho̍k liáu-āu bô lōa-kú thoân ji̍p khì Eng-gí, pián-sī chit-má kóng chit khoán kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t, he tī hit chūn ê Eng-lân koh sī sin mi̍h-kiāⁿ.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. ↑ Creighton & Higham 2003, chpt 1","meta":{"title":"Castle","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[28,944,0.029661016949152543],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1162}} -{"text":"**Yano Tetu** (Ji̍t-bûn: 矢野徹, 1923 nî 10 goe̍h 10 - 2004 nî, 10-goe̍h 13), Ji̍t-pún kho-ha̍k siáu-soat hoan-e̍k-chiá, chok-ka. I tùi 1940 nî-tāi bóe-kî khai-sí tōa-liōng kài-siāu Bí-kok ê kho-hoàn siáu-soat chok-phín hō· Ji̍t-pún-lâng chai. I sī thâu-1-ê hóng-būn Bí-kok ê Ji̍t-pún kho-hoàn chok-ka (1953 nî). I tàu hoat-khí Ji̍t-pún SF Chok-ka-hōe (日本SF作家クラブ), mā bat tam-jīm hōe-tiúⁿ (1978-1979).\n\nYano--sī chhut-seⁿ tī Ehime-koān, Matuyama-chhī; i tī Kobe-chhī tōa-hàn. Tī Tiong-iong Tāi-ha̍k (Tyuô Daigaku) tha̍k 3-tang ê chheh, liáu-āu hō· chèng-hú cheng-tiàu ji̍p-khì lio̍k-kun 2 nî koh 2 goe̍h-ji̍t. Ji̍t-pún chiàn-pāi liáu-āu, i tī Bí-kun ki-tē khioh pùn-sò tō· ji̍t-chí. I tùi Bí-kok peng-á tàn-hìⁿ-sak ê kho-hoàn siáu-soat ê chheh-phôe, ang-á chin ū chhù-bī, chū án-ne khai-sí o̍h tha̍k Eng-bûn. Kúi-nā-nî liáu-āu oân-nā liâu-lo̍h-khì hoan-e̍k ê sū-kang. Kàu-taⁿ hoan-e̍k liáu 360 pún chó-iū, te̍k-pia̍t sī Robert Heinlein, Frederik Pohl, Desmond Bagley, Frank Herbert téng-jîn ê chok-phín.\n\nTù-chok\n-------\n\nI koh-jîn ê chhòng-chok pau-koat:\n\n* *Kamui ê Kiàm* (カムイの剣)\n* *Tē-kiû Lêng-nî* (1969, 地球0年)\n* *Chih-chóa Ú-tiū-chûn ê Thoân-soat* (1978, 折紙宇宙船の伝説).\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Ji̍t-pún SF Chok-ka-hōe ê kán-kài","meta":{"title":"Yano Tetu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[145,1193,0.12154233025984912],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1413}} -{"text":"\nKo-hiông Chhia-thâu (hàn-jī: 高雄車頭), he̍k-chiá **Ko-hiông Chhia-chām** (hàn-jī: 高雄車站), ūi tī Ko-hiông-chhī Sam-bîn-khu, sī Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘ Koán-lí-kio̍k, Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn ê tē-hā-hòa (地下化) thih-lō͘ chhia-thâu. Pún chām sī Tâi-thih Chhiòng-koàn-sòaⁿ lâm-tōaⁿ, Pîn-tong sòaⁿ, Ko-hiông Lîm-káng sòaⁿ ê liân-chiap-tiám, sī Ko-hiông-chhī tiong-sim siōng tiōng-iàu--ê thih-lō͘ chhia-thâu, ia̍h-sī Ko-hiông To͘-hōe-khu kap lâm Tâi-oân siú-iàu--ê (首要的) kau-thong choán-ūn chhu-liú (樞紐), piⁿ-á ê Ko-hiông Kong-chhia-chām sī chōe-chōe tiâu Ko-hiông-chhī kong-chhia lō͘-sòaⁿ ê chóng-lō͘-thâu, tn̂g-tô͘ kheh-ūn tī sì-piⁿ siat ū kì-tiám iah choán-ūn-chām.\n\nChit-má--ê Ko-hiông Chhia-thâu chām-pông (站房) sī Ko-hiông chhī-khu thih-lō͘ tē-hā-hòa kè-ōe tiong kái-kiàn (改建) ê tē-hā-hòa chām-thé (站體). 2018 nî 9 goe̍h chhe 5, tē-it-kî kang-têng oân-sêng, Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn chìn-chū (進駐) éng-kiú chām-thé êng-ūn. Tī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi khí--ê goân chêng-ia̍h (前驛) ê té-koan-sek chām-thé tī 2002 nî hō͘ poaⁿ--khì tang-lâm-hng 82 kong-chiò ê só͘-chai pó-liû, ū-tēng beh chhian (遷) tńg-khì goân-pún ê só͘-chai chiâⁿ-chòe tē-piau (地標) kap tē-hā-hòa chām-thé ǹg lâm-pêng tē-bīn ê chhut-ji̍p-kháu, kui-cho͘ kang-têng kè-ōe tī 2023 nî oân-kang, phòe-ha̍p Chhiòng-koàn sòaⁿ siang-kúi hām tiān-khì-hòa kang-têng khí--ê āu-ia̍h chām-pông tiō sûi hō͘ thiah-tû. Goân-pún chêng-ia̍h chām-thé kap tē-it goa̍t-tâi tiong-ng khǹg--ê \"Thih-lō͘ Tiān-khì-hòa Sûn-chit Jîn-goân Kì-liām-pi\" (鐵路電氣化殉職人員紀念碑) kap goân-pún tī chêng-ia̍h thâu-chêng hoe-hn̂g ê tāi-á--iūⁿ phùn-chôaⁿ, bo̍k-chêng lóng poaⁿ-kàu Ko-hiông Thih-lō͘ Tē-hā-hòa Tián-sī-koán (tiō sī goân-pún--ê tè-koan-sek chām-thé) ê piⁿ-á lâi chiām-khǹg (暫囥). Lēng-gōa, Tâi-oân Ko-thih lâm-iân (南延) teh gián-kiú iân--tio̍h Tâi-thih ê lō͘-sòaⁿ sái-ji̍p Ko-hiông chhī-khu, jî-chhiáⁿ tī Ko-hiông, Hōng-soaⁿ kap Tâi-thih kiōng-chām (共站).\n\nKoh-lâi Khòaⁿ\n-------------\n\n* Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘ Koán-lí-kio̍k\n* Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn\n* Tâi-oân Ko-thih\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n|  **Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘ Chhiòng-koàn-soàⁿ (lâm-toāⁿ)** |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n\n---\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Chiong-hoà – *Lâm Chiong-hoà* – Hoe-toâⁿ – Tāi-chhoan – Oân-lîm – Éng-chēng – Siā-thâu – Tiân-tiong – Jī-chúi – Nâ-lāi – Chio̍h-liû – Táu-la̍k – Táu-lâm – Chio̍h-ku – Tōa-nâ – Bîn-hiông – Ka-pak – Ka-gī – *Pak-hôe-kui-sòaⁿ* – Chúi-siōng – Lâm-chēng – Āu-piah – Sin-iâⁿ – Liú-iâⁿ – Lîm-hōng-iâⁿ – Liông-tiân – Pa̍t-á-nâ – Siān-hòa – Lâm-kho – Sin-chhī – *Éng-khong Kang-gia̍p-khu* – Éng-khong – Tōa-kiô – Tâi-lâm – *Lîm-sim* – *Lâm Tâi-lâm* – Pó-an – Jîn-tek – Tiong-chiu – Tōa-ô͘ – Lō͘-tek – Kong-san – Kiô-á-thâu – Lâm-á-kheⁿ – Sin-chó-iâⁿ – Chó-iâⁿ – *Lāi-ûi* – *Bí-su̍t-koán* – *Kó͘-san* – *Saⁿ-tè-chhù* – Ko-hiông |\n\n |\n| |\n| \n\n---\n\n |\n| |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n|  **Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn Âng-soàⁿ** |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n\n---\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Lâm-kong-san - Kiô-á-thâu Hóe-chhia-chām - Kiô-á-thâu Thn̂g-chhiúⁿ - Chheng-po͘ - To͘-hōe Kong-hn̂g - Āu-ngē - Lâm-á-kheⁿ Ka-kang-khu - Iû-chhiúⁿ Kok-sió - Sè-ūn/Kok-ka Thé-io̍k Hn̂g-khu - Chó-iâⁿ/Ko-thih - Seng-thài Oân-khu - Kī-tàn - Lap-á-té - Āu-ia̍h - Ko-hiông Chhia-chām - Bí-lē-tó - Tiong-iong Kong-hn̂g - Saⁿ-kak-îⁿ-khoân - Sai-kah - Khái-soân - Chiân-tìn Ko-tiong - Chháu-gê - Ko-hiông Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ - Sió-káng |\n\n |\n| |\n| \n\n---\n\n |\n| |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n |\n\n |\n\n\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n|  **Tâi-oân Ko-sok Thih-lō͘** |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n\n---\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Gî-lân - Lâm-káng - Tâi-pak - Pang-kiô - Thô-hn̂g - Sin-tek - Miâu-le̍k - Tâi-tiong - Chiong-hoà - Hûn-lîm - Ka-gī - Tâi-lâm - Chó-iâⁿ - Pîn-tong |\n\n |\n| |\n| \n\n---\n\n |\n| |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ko-hiông Chhia-thâu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1485,3421,0.4340836012861736],"infobox":["
    Ko-hiông Chhia-thâu
    \n
    Só͘-chāi\nKo-hiông-chhī
    Êng-ūn tan-ūi\nTâi-oân Thih-lō͘ Koán-lí-kio̍k
    Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn
    Chhia-chām tāi-bé\n185
    \n
    Só͘-chāi
    \n
    ","
    Só͘-chāi
    \n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4468}} -{"text":"Sò͘-ha̍k siōng, **tn̂g-ko-îⁿ** (Hàn-jī: 長篙圓; tn̂g-tu-îⁿ; Eng-gí: ellipse) sī chi̍t khoán pêⁿ-bīn khiok-sòaⁿ, i ûi-tio̍h nn̄g-ê chiau-tiám (Hàn-jī: 焦點; Eng-gí: focus), tì-sú só͘-ū tī khiok-sòaⁿ téng-koân ê tiám, kàu nn̄g-ê chiau-tiám kī-lī ê chóng-hô lóng kò͘-tēng. Tn̂g-ko-îⁿ khiā-sǹg-kóng sī chi̍t chióng píⁿ-píⁿ ê îⁿ-hêng, a îⁿ-hêng khiā-sǹg-kóng sī chi̍t chióng te̍k-sû ê tn̂g-ko-îⁿ, in-ūi îⁿ-hêng ê nn̄g-ê chiau-tiám sī tha̍h chò-hóe ·ê. Kóng chi̍t ê tn̂g-ko-îⁿ ū góa píⁿ ê thêng-tō͘ kiò-chò lī-sim-lu̍t {\\displaystyle e} (Hàn-jī: 離心率; Eng-gí: eccentricity), chit-ê siàu ê hoān-ûi sī tùi {\\displaystyle e=0} (oân-choân bô píⁿ, tiō-sī îⁿ-hêng, che sī chi̍t ê chì-ke̍k chōng-hóng) it-ti̍t kàu {\\displaystyle e=1} (píⁿ kàu chīn-pōng, che mā sī chi̍t ê chì-ke̍k chōng-hóng; m̄-koh che i í-keng m̄ sī tn̂g-ko-îⁿ, soah chiâⁿ-chò khian-sòaⁿ ·ah.)\n\nTn̂g-ko-îⁿ tī bu̍t-lí-ha̍k, thian-bûn-ha̍k, kap kang-têng-ha̍k lóng chin chiap ū lō͘-ēng. Phì-lūn-kóng, tī lán Thài-iông-hē lāi-té, múi chi̍t lia̍p he̍k-chhiⁿ ê kúi-tō lóng chha-put-to sī tn̂g-ko-îⁿ, jî-chhiáⁿ ji̍t-thâu tiō-sī tiám tī kî-tiong chi̍t ê chiau-tiám (kóng khah cheng-khak ·leh, ji̍t-thâu kap he̍k-chhiⁿ ha̍p chò chi̍t cho͘ hē-thóng ê sî, kúi-tō ê chiau-tiám tiō-sī tī-teh in tiōng-sim ê só͘-chāi. Che mā sī Kepler tē-it tēng-lu̍t teh kóng ·ê.\n\nMiâ-chheng\n----------\n\nTn̂g-ko-îⁿ ê Eng-gí ellipse sī tùi Hi-lia̍p-gí ἔλλειψις (*élleipsis*, \"so͘-hut\") lâi ·ê, che sī kó͘-chá Hi-lia̍p sò͘-ha̍k-ka Apollonius tī i ê chheh *Conics* lāi-té hoat-bêng ·ê.\n\nTī Tâi-gí, tn̂g-ko-îⁿ ū chē-chē chióng kóng-hoat, pau-koat Hàn-jī-sû **thó-îⁿ** (橢圓), koh ū ah-nn̄g-hêng (鴨卵形), io-chí-hoān (腰子範), ke-nn̄g-hêng (雞卵形), ti-io-hêng (豬腰形), ti-io-hoān (豬腰範), kap tn̂g-tu-îⁿ (長株圓), chhó-kan-ná-hêng (草橄欖形) téng-téng. Chóng-·sī chia ê sû-lūi iáu bô phiau-chún ê kóng-hoat.\n\nTī khut-chhioh-kak chō-piau-hē\n------------------------------\n\n### Phiau-chún hong-têng-sek\n\nTn̂g-ko-îⁿ tī khut-chhioh-kak chō-piau-hē ê phiau-chún hêng-sek sī kā tn̂g-ko-îⁿ ê tiong-ng kǹg tī goân-tiám, the *x te̍k* sī chú-iàu-te̍k, jî-chhiáⁿ\n\nchiau-tiám sī {\\textstyle F\\_{1}=(c,0)} kap {\\textstyle F\\_{2}=(-c,0)},\ntèng-tiám sī {\\textstyle V\\_{1}=(a,0)} kap {\\textstyle V\\_{2}=(-a,0)}.\nTùi jīm-hô chi̍t ê tiám {\\displaystyle (x,y)}, i kàu kî-tiong chi̍t ê chiau-tiám {\\displaystyle (c,0)} ê kī-lī is {\\textstyle {\\sqrt {(x-c)^{2}+y^{2}}}}, kàu lēng-gōa chi̍t ê chiau-tiám {\\displaystyle (-c,0)} ê kī-lī is {\\textstyle {\\sqrt {(x+c)^{2}+y^{2}}}}. Só͘-í kiàn-pái nā-sī ū chi̍t ê tiám {\\displaystyle (x,y)} hû-ha̍p \n\n{\\displaystyle {\\sqrt {(x-c)^{2}+y^{2}}}+{\\sqrt {(x+c)^{2}+y^{2}}}=2a}\nê sî, chit ê tiám tiō tiám tī tn̂g-ko-îⁿ ê téng-koân. Lán nā kā téng-koân hit chi̍t sek chò chi̍t-kóa sek-tòng ê pêng-hong, kā kin-hō the̍h-tiāu, koh sú-iōng {\\textstyle b^{2}=a^{2}-c^{2}}  (kòaⁿ piⁿ-·á ê tô͘), kàu-bóe tiō ē tàu-chhut tn̂g-ko-îⁿ ê phiau-chún hong-têng-sek:\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\frac {x^{2}}{a^{2}}}+{\\frac {y^{2}}{b^{2}}}=1.}\nLán mā sī ē-sái khì chhōe *y* ê kái, tiō-sī:\n\n{\\displaystyle y=\\pm {\\frac {b}{a}}{\\sqrt {a^{2}-x^{2}}}=\\pm {\\sqrt {\\left(a^{2}-x^{2}\\right)\\left(1-e^{2}\\right)}}.}\n### It-poaⁿ hêng-sek\n\nKái-sek kí-hô-ha̍k tiong, tn̂g-ko-îⁿ sī chi̍t khoân jî-chhú hêng-sek. Tī hui-thòe-hòa ê chōng-hóng chi-hā, khut-chhioh-kak chō-piau pêⁿ-bīn téng-koân ê tiám {\\displaystyle (X,\\,Y)} ê boán-chiok chit ê bô-bêng-hián ê hong-têng-sek:\n\n{\\displaystyle AX^{2}+BXY+CY^{2}+DX+EY+F=0}\nkî-tiong it-tēng ài ū {\\displaystyle B^{2}-4AC<0.}\n\n### Chham-sò͘\n\n* Tn̂g-kó-îⁿ ê **chú-iàu-kèng** (Hàn-jī: 主要徑; Eng-gí: principle axes) ū nn̄g tiâu, in hō͘-siong sûi-ti̍t, mā lóng sī tn̂g-ko-îⁿ ê tùi-thīn-te̍k.\n\t+ Khah tn̂g ·ê kiò-chò **tn̂g-kèng** (Hàn-jī: 長徑; Eng-gí: major axis), i ê chi̍t-pòaⁿ kiò-chò **pòaⁿ-tn̂g-kèng** (Hàn-jī: 半長徑; Eng-gí: semi-major axis), tn̂g-tō͘ kì-hō sī {\\textstyle a};\n\t+ khah té ·ê kiò-chò **té-kèng** (Hàn-jī: 短徑; Eng-gí: minor axis), i ê chi̍t-pòaⁿ **pòaⁿ-té-kèng** (Hàn-jī: 半短徑; Eng-gí: semi-minor axis), tn̂g-tō͘ kì-hō sī {\\textstyle b}.\n\t+ Lán tio̍h iau-kiû {\\textstyle a\\geq b>0}.\n* **Sòaⁿ-sèng lī-sim-lu̍t** (Hàn-jī: 線性離心率; Eng-gí: linear eccentricity) sī chiau-tiám kàu tiong-ng ê kī-lī: {\\textstyle c={\\sqrt {a^{2}-b^{2}}}}.\n* **Lī-sim-lu̍t** sī {\\textstyle c} kap {\\textstyle a} ê pí-lē: {\\textstyle e=c/a={\\sqrt {1-\\left(b/a\\right)^{2}}}}.\n* **Chiàⁿ-chiau-hiân** (Hàn-jī: 正焦弦; Eng-gí: latus rectum) tiō-sī chhǹg-kòe chi̍t ê chiau-tiám ê chi̍t tiâu hiân, koh kah tn̂g-kèng sûi-ti̍t. I ê chi̍t-pòaⁿ sī kiò-chò **pòaⁿ-chiàⁿ-chiau-hiân** (Hàn-jī: 半正焦弦; Eng-gí: semi-latus rectum). I ē-sái án-ne lâi kè-sǹg: {\\textstyle \\ell =b^{2}/a=a\\left(1-e^{2}\\right)}.Tn̂g-ko-îⁿ ê chham-sò͘: \\* *{\\displaystyle a}*: pòaⁿ-tn̂g-kèng, \\* *{\\displaystyle b}*: pòaⁿ-té-kèng, \\* *{\\displaystyle c}*: sòaⁿ-sèng lī-sim-lu̍t, \\* *{\\displaystyle p}*: pòaⁿ-chiàⁿ-chiau-hiân (it-poaⁿ sī siá {\\displaystyle \\ell }).\n\nTī kek chō-piau-hē\n------------------\n\n### Tùi tiong-ng-tiám\n\nPolar coordinates centered at the center.\nTī kek chō-piau-hē lāi-té, nā-sī kā tn̂g-ko-îⁿ ê tiong-ng-tiám kǹg tī goân-tiám, pēng-chhiáⁿ tùi tn̂g-kèng khai-sí niû kak chō-piau {\\displaystyle \\theta }, án-ne tn̂g-ko-îⁿ ê hong-têng-sek tiō-sī\n\n{\\displaystyle r(\\theta )={\\frac {ab}{\\sqrt {(b\\cos \\theta )^{2}+(a\\sin \\theta )^{2}}}}={\\frac {b}{\\sqrt {1-(e\\cos \\theta )^{2}}}}}.\n### Tùi chiau-tiám\n\nPolar coordinates centered at focus.\nnā-sī kā tn̂g-ko-îⁿ ê tiong-ng-tiám kǹg tī goân-tiám, kak chō-piau {\\displaystyle \\theta } oân-á sī tùi tn̂g-kèng khai-sí niû, án-ne tn̂g-ko-îⁿ ê hong-têng-sek tiō-sī\n\n{\\displaystyle r(\\theta )={\\frac {a(1-e^{2})}{1\\pm e\\cos \\theta }}}.\nKoh khah it-poaⁿ ê chêng-hêng sī \n\n{\\displaystyle r(\\theta )={\\frac {a(1-e^{2})}{1-e\\cos(\\theta -\\phi )}}.}\nChia-ê kak-tō͘ {\\displaystyle \\theta } hō-chò chin-kīn-tiám-kak. Koh-ū, chia-ê kong-sek ê hun-chú lóng sī pòaⁿ-chiàⁿ-chiau-hiân {\\displaystyle \\ell =a(1-e^{2})}.\n\nChham-sò͘ piáu-sī\n-----------------\n\n### Phiau-chún chham-sò͘ piáu-sī\n\nTn̂g-ko-îⁿ ē-sái ēng saⁿ-kak koan-sò͘ lâi piáu-sī:\n\n{\\displaystyle (x,y)=(a\\cos {t},b\\sin {t}),\\ 0\\leq t<2\\pi .}\nkî-tiong ê {\\textstyle t} (thian-bûn-ha̍k siōng kiò-chò chin-kīn-tiám-kak) m̄ sī {\\displaystyle (x(t),y(t))} kap *x*-te̍k chi-kan ê kak-tō͘, i ê kí-hô-ha̍k ì-gī sī kap de La Hire hong-hoat ū koan-hē.\n\nSèng-chit\n---------\n\n### Bīn-chek\n\nHō͘ chi̍t-ê tn̂g-ko-îⁿ pau ·khí-lâi ê Bīn-chek sī\n\n{\\displaystyle A=\\pi ab,}\nkî-tiong {\\textstyle a} kap {\\textstyle b} hun-pia̍t sī tn̂g-ko-îⁿ ê pòaⁿ-tn̂g-kèng kap pòaⁿ-té-kèng. Che ē-sái án-ne lâi chèng-bêng:\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}A&=\\int \\_{-a}^{a}2b{\\sqrt {1-{\\frac {x^{2}}{a^{2}}}}}\\,\\mathrm {d} x\\\\&={\\frac {b}{a}}\\int \\_{-a}^{a}2{\\sqrt {a^{2}-x^{2}}}\\,\\mathrm {d} x.\\end{aligned}}}\nTē-jī ê chek-hun tiō-sī chi̍t ê îⁿ-hêng ê bīn-chek, i ê pòaⁿ-kèng sī {\\textstyle a}, bīn-chek tiō-sī {\\textstyle \\pi a^{2}}.\n\nŌe tn̂g-ko-îⁿ ê hoat-tō͘\n------------------------\n\n### de La Hire hoat-tō͘\n\nChit ê hoat-tō͘ ê ki-chhó͘ sī tn̂g-ko-îⁿ ê phiau-chún chham-sò͘ piáu-sī. I sī Philippe de La Hire hoat-bêng ·ê.\n\n1. Ōe nn̄g-ê *îⁿ-hêng*, hō͘ in tiong-ng-tiám sio-kâng (mā ē chiâⁿ-chò tn̂g-ko-îⁿ ê tiong-ng-tiám), pòaⁿ-kèng hun-pia̍t sī {\\textstyle a} kap {\\textstyle b}.\n2. Ōe *chi̍t tiâu sòaⁿ chhǹg-kòe tiong-ng-tiám*, hō͘ i kah nn̄g-ê îⁿ-hêng hun-pia̍t kau-chhe tī tiám {\\textstyle A} kap tiám {\\textstyle B}.\n3. Ōe *chi̍t tiâu sòaⁿ* *chhǹg-kòe* {\\textstyle A}, hō͘ i kah té-kèng pêng-hêng, koh ōe *chi̍t tiâu sòaⁿ* *chhǹg-kòe* {\\textstyle B}, hō͘ i kah tn̂g-kèng pêng-hêng Chit nn̄g tiâu sòaⁿ ē kau-chhe tī tn̂g-ko-îⁿ ê téng-koân.\n4. Sú-iōng bô-kâng ê sòaⁿ chhng-kòe tiong-sim-tiám, tiông-ho̍k chò tē (2) pō͘ kap tē (3) pō͘.\n\nde La Hire hong-hoat ê tōng-ōe\n### Hn̂g-teng hoat\n\n1. Kā nn̄g ê tōa-thâu-teng tèng tī chóa bīn-téng, chiâⁿ-chò tn̂g-ko-îⁿ ê chiau-tiám.\n2. Kā chi̍t tiâu sòaⁿ ê siang-thâu pa̍k tī tōa-thâu-teng, sòaⁿ ê tn̂g-tō͘ sī {\\displaystyle 2a}.\n3. Ēng pit-bóe kā sòaⁿ peⁿ hō͘ ân ē sî, ōe-chhut chi̍t kho͘ khiok-sòaⁿ, chit-ê khiok-sòaⁿ tiō sī tn̂g-ko-îⁿ.\n\nHn̂g-teng hoat\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Embree, B. (1973). *Tāi-ing sî-tén.* Tē-286 ia̍h.\n2. ↑ 台華線頂對照典\n3. ↑ Larson, Ron; Hostetler, Robert P.; Falvo, David C. (2006). \"Chapter 10\". *Precalculus with Limits*. Cengage Learning. p. 767. ISBN 978-0-618-66089-6.\n4. ↑ Young, Cynthia Y. (2010). \"Chapter 9\". *Precalculus*. John Wiley and Sons. p. 831. ISBN 978-0-471-75684-2.","meta":{"title":"Tn̂g-ko-îⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2534,8369,0.30278408411996655],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":9333}} -{"text":"Tâi-sok chóng-pō͘ tōa-lâu\n**Tâi-sok Koan-hē Khì-gia̍p** (台塑關係企業) sī Tâi-oân kui-bô͘ siāng tōa ê bîn-êng khì-gia̍p chi̍p-thôan, it-poaⁿ kán-chheng **Tâi-sok** (台塑). Tâi-sok khí-gôan chū 1954 nî chhòng-li̍p ê **Hok-bō͘ Sok-ka Kang-gia̍p Kó͘-hūn Iú-hān Kong-si** (福懋塑膠工業股份有限公司), 1957 nî kái-miâ **Tâi-oân Sok-ka Kang-gia̍p Kó͘-hūn Iú-hān Kong-si** (台灣塑膠工業股份有限公司), jiân-āu chiām-chiām khok-tāi keng-êng. Bo̍k-chiân, Tâi-sok kî-hā sū-gia̍p hâm-kài sok-ka, liān-iû, chio̍h-hòa, chhiam-ûi, pháng-chit, tiān-chú, lêng-goân, ūn-su, kang-têng, seng-bu̍t ki-su̍t, kàu-io̍k kap i-liâu téng léng-he̍k. Tâi-sok keng-kòe 60 tang ê hoat-tián, bo̍k-chiân ū Tâi-sok, Lâm-a, Tâi-hòa, Tâi-sok-hòa téng-téng chhiau-kòe 100 keng koan-hē khì-gia̍p, hun-pia̍t tī Tâi-oân, Bí-kok, Tiong-kok, Oa̍t-lâm, Hui-li̍p-pin kap Ìn-nî lóng ū siat-li̍p kang-chhiúⁿ. Leng-gōa, Tâi-sok mā ū tōa kui-bô͘ ê kàu-io̍k kap i-liâu hoat-jîn.\n\nTâi-sok khì-gia̍p ê chhòng-pān-jîn sī Ông Éng-khèng kap Ông Éng-chāi hiaⁿ-tī. Kin-kì thóng-kè, chū 1980 nî-tāi í-lâi, Tâi-sok khì-gia̍p tī chu-sán chóng-gia̍h, êng-siu chēng-ta̍t, oân-kang sò͘-liōng téng hong-bīn lóng sī Tâi-oân tē-it ê bîn-êng khì-gia̍p, mā thè i-ê chú-iàu chhòng-pān-jîn Ông Éng-khèng iâⁿ-tit \"Tâi-oân keng-êng chi sîn\" ê miâ-hō.\n\nÔng Éng-khèng tī 2008 nî 10 goe̍h 15 hō kòe-sin liàu-āu, kui-ê chi̍p-thoân ê ūn-chok chèng-sek kau hō͘ ùi 2002 nî khai-sí chó͘-sêng ê \"7 lâng koat-chhek sió-cho͘\", pau-hâm: Ông-ka sêng-oân Ông Bûn-ian, Ông Sūi-hôa, Ông Bûn-tiâu kap Ông Sūi-jû; choan-gia̍p keng-lí Lí Chì-chhun, Ngô͘ Khim-jîn kap Iûⁿ Tiāu-lîn. 2011 nî ūi-tio̍h khì-gia̍p keng-êng ê su-iàu, koh cheng-ka Tân Pó-lông kap Lîm Sìn-gī, chiâⁿ-chò \"9 lâng sió-cho͘\", it-poaⁿ hō-chò \"hêng-chèng tiong-sim\". 2017 nî 6 goe̍h 1 hō, Tâi-sok sêng-li̍p \"koán-lí tiong-sim\", Ông-ka sêng-oân Ông Bûn-ian, Ông Sūi-hôa, Ông Bûn-tiâu kap Ông Sūi-jû thè-chhut \"hêng-chèng tiong-sim\", chìn-jip \"koán-lí tiong-sim\". Goân-té ê \"hêng-chèng tiong-sim\" iû 5 tōa kong-si ê chòe-ko choan-gia̍p keng-lí-jîn Lîm Kiān-lâm, Ngô͘ Ka-chiau, Tân Pó-lông, Tân Goân-sêng kap Âng Hok-goân kiōng-tông cho͘-sêng.\n\n| | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân 50 chí-so͘ sêng-hun kó͘-phiò |\n| --- |\n| |\n| TPK (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **3673**) **·** Jū-liông (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2201**) **·** Kûn-chhong Kong-tiān (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **3481**) **·** Tâi Chek Tiān (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2330**) **·** liân Tiān (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2303**) **·** Kok-thài Kim (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2882**) **·** Hôa-se̍k (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2357**) **·** Lâm-a (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **1303**) **·** Khai-hoat Kim (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2883**) **·** Tâi-sok (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **1301**) **·** Tiong Kǹg (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2002**) **·** Ji̍t-goa̍t-kong (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2311**) **·** Hông-hái (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2317**) **·** Oán-tong Sin (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **1402**) **·** Jîn-pó (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2324**) **·** Tē-it Kim (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2892**) **·** Hôa-lâm Kim (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2880**) **·** Hô-thài Chhia (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2207**) **·** Chiang Gîn (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2801**) **·** Thóng-it (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **1216**) **·** Tâi Nî (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **1101**) **·** A Nî (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **1102**) **·** Kóng-ta̍t (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2382**) **·** Tâi-ta̍t Tiān (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2308**) **·** Tâi Hòa (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **1326**) **·** Tiāu-hong Kim (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2886**) **·** Tiong Sìn Kim (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2891**) **·** Sia̍k-phín (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2325**) **·** Tâi-sin Kim (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2887**) **·** Tâi Puî (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **1722**) **·** Chèng-sin (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2105**) **·** Tiong-hoâ Tiān (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2412**) **·** Iú-ta̍t (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2409**) **·** Kong-pó Kho (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2301**) **·** Pó-sêng (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **9904**) **·** Thóng-it Chhiau (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2912**) **·** Hông-chún (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2354**) **·** Liân-kiông (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2347**) **·** Tâi-oân To͘ā (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **3045**) **·** Liân-hoat Kho (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2454**) **·** Hù-pang Kim (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2881**) **·** Tâi Po (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **1802**) **·** Oán-thoân (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **4904**) **·** Goân-tāi Kim (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2885**) **·** HTC (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2498**) **·** Éng-hong Kim (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **2890**) **·** Le̍k-sêng (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **6239**) **·** Ūi-chhòng (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **3231**) **·** Tâi-sok Hòa (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **6505**) **·** Ha̍p Khò͘ Kim (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **5880**) |\n| |\n| Tâi-oân 50 (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **0050**) **·** FB Tâi 50 (Tâi-chèng-só͘: **006208**) |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi-sok Koan-hē Khì-gia̍p","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1920,3964,0.4843592330978809],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4976}} -{"text":"Oân-kong\n**Oân-kong** sī kí kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t choh chò oan-khiau-hêng (thóng tùi téng-koân) ê niû-thiāu, mā kí kui-ê oan-khiau-hêng ê kiàn-tio̍k kò͘-chō-bu̍t.\n\nKhài-iàu\n--------\n\nTī 2 ki niû-thiāu ê tiong-kan, ēng khiau-soàⁿ ê kò͘-chō, thàu-koè khiau-soàⁿ khiau-lu̍t ê cheng-ka, lâi chō-chok khiau-soàⁿ ē-kha ê khong-kan, sī oân-kong ê ki-pún goân-lí. Oân-kong siōng-chia̍p tī kiô kap ū mn̂g-chhùi ê piah lâi sú-iōng, iā-chiū-sī it-poaⁿ kóng--ê oân-kong-kiô kap oân-kong-mn̂g.\n\nOân-kong ê kò͘-chō--ni̍h, toā-pō͘-hūn tūi-ti̍t ê tāng-liōng lóng choán-chò ap-sok-le̍k thoân khì oân-kong ê 2 ê chi-tiám, chit-khoán kò͘-chō kap khiā-ti̍t ê niū-thiāu bô-kâng, khiā-ti̍t ê niû-thiāu toā-pō͘-hūn áu-chih ê le̍k-kí kap chián-le̍k lóng sàng lâi tī thán-khiā ê niû-thiāu téng-koân. Mā in-ūi án-ne, tùi ap-sok-le̍k toā, chián-le̍k kap tiong-le̍k téng-téng pí-káu-tek khah sè ê thia̍p-choh kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t lâi kóng, oân-kong sī chin hó ê khí-chō hong-sek.\n\nIú-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n-------------------\n\n* Oân-kong-kiô\n* Oân-kong-mn̂g","meta":{"title":"Oân-kong","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[26,985,0.026395939086294416],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1161}} -{"text":"Kán Kiat\n**Kán Kiat** (Hàn-jī: (簡吉; 1903 nî 5 goe̍h 20 – 1951 nî 3 goe̍h 7), Tâi-oân Hōng-soaⁿ-lâng, sī tī Ji̍t-pún thóng-tī sî-tāi ê chú-iàu lông-bîn ūn-tōng-chiá, 1925-nî khai-sí thui-tōng sêng-li̍p lông-bîn cho͘-ha̍p, bat sī Tâi-oân Lông-bîn Cho͘-ha̍p (\"Lông-cho͘\") chú-iàu kàn-pō͘.\n\nPoē-kéng\n--------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nŪn-tōng seng-gâi\n----------------\n\nTī Kán Kiat, Tiō Káng (趙港), kap Lông-cho͘ kàn-pō͘ ê ló͘-le̍k thui-tōng chi-hā, Lông-cho͘ tùi chho͘ sêng-li̍p ê 5-ê chi-pō͘, 1000-goā miâ hoē-oân, kàu liáu 1928-nî té sî í-keng ū 27-ê pō͘, hoē-oân jîn-sò͘ ū 24000 chiah chē, sī Tâi-oân tong-sî siōng ū éng-hióng-le̍k ê siā-hoē thoân-thé. Kán Kiat ūi-tio̍h cheng-chhú lông-bîn koân-lī bat chē-kaⁿ, siōng tn̂g ê chi̍t-pái sī 1931-nî khí chē-kaⁿ 10 tang, chhut-lâi liáu iû-goân jia̍t-sim lông-bîn ūn-tōng, choè-āu in-ūi chham-ka Kiōng-sán-tóng kái-hòng Tâi-oân ūn-tōng, pī chí-khòng sī chham-ú chhek-tōng 228 Sū-piàn ê \"húi-tia̍p\". In-ūi án-ne pī lia̍h phoàⁿ sí-hêng, 1951-nî 3-goe̍h 7-ji̍t pī chhèng-sat, hiáng-nî 49 hoè.\n\nSī-sè\n-----\n\nTâi-oân Tāi-chiòng Tiān-náu Chi̍p-thoân ê táng-sū-tiúⁿ Kán Bêng-jîn (簡明仁) sī Kán Kiat ê hāu-seⁿ.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* 韓嘉玲，《播種集—日據時期臺灣農民運動人物誌》，財團法人簡吉陳何文教基金會，1997年\n* 蔡文輝，《不悔集—日據時代臺灣社會與農民運動》，財團法人簡吉陳何文教基金會，1997年\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Kan Kiat*** |","meta":{"title":"Kán Kiat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[217,1385,0.15667870036101084],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1691}} -{"text":"**Bînlâm-gí gí-huat** (bînlâm-gí bûn-huat; tâi-lô: bân-lâm-gí gí-huat，poj: bân-lâm-gí gí-hoat, bân-phing: bbánlám-ggí bûn-hoat; eng-gí: minnanese grammar) sī bân-lâm-gí gí-gên ê bûn-huat. Bân-lâm-gí gí-gên ê bun-huat tsong-tsí (goal) sī teh suat-bîng bân-lâm-gí án-nuā kèn-li̍p kù-hîng, sû-tsoo, kah tan-sû tíng-tíng ket-kòo (structure) ê kui-tsik. Kah kî-thañ ê hàn-gí gí-gên kāng-khuán, bân-lâm-gí m̄-sī hun-sik gí, bîng-sû bô kik-uī (grammatical case), sìng-pe̍t (grammatical gender) kah sòo-liōng (quantity) ê khu-pia̍t, m̄-kù su-iàu iōng liông-sû (Classifier (linguistics)); tōng-sû bô hun jîn-tshing (grammatical person) kah sòo-liōng, m̄-kù ē-iōng tsōo-tōng-sû (auxiliary verb) iá-sī tōng-sû póo-gí (complement (linguistics)) lai piáu-sī sî-thài (grammatical tense) kah gí-khì (grammatical mood), koh ē-sái tsiâñ-tsē tōng-sû khǹg teh kāng tsi̍t-e̊ bûn-kù lāi-té, tō sī sóo-kóng ê lên-tōng ket-kòo. Bân-lâm-gí ê kui-huān ki-kòo (機構) sī teh tâi-uân ê Tiong-hua Bîn-kok kàu-io̍k-pōo, kuan-hong ê bân-lâm-gí phing-im huat-tsik sī tâi-lô phing-im kah tâi-uân hong-im hû-hō (臺灣方音符號). \n\nBînlâm-gí bo̍k-tsiân tsú-iàu iōng-tēh hok-kèn lâm-pōo, kńg-tang tang-pōo, tsik-kang lâm-pōo, tâi-uân, sin-ka-pho, má-lâi-se-a, tang-lâm-a, kah hái-guā huâ-jîn tsi-kan, sio̍k-î bân-gí ê tsi̍t-tsióng. Bân-lâm-gí teh kok-tē e tshing-hoo (title) lóng bô kāng-khuán, teh tang-lâm-a kiò-tsò hok-kèn-uē; teh tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k kiò-tsò hok-kèn hong-gên, bân-lâm-uē, bân-lâm-gí iá-sī bân-lâm-gí hong-gên; teh tâi-uân kiò-tsò tâi-gí, mā-sī ū-lâng kiò hô-ló-uē.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 馬重奇,\"閩南方言的源流與嬗變\",福建人民出版社,福州市,7月,2005年. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hèn\n-----------------\n\n* 李如龍,\"閩南方言語法研究\",福州,福建人民出版社,2007-07。ISBN-978-7-211-05423-7 (Hàn-gí)\n* 盧廣誠,\"臺灣閩南語概要\",南天書局有限公司,臺北市,1月,2006年. (Hàn-gí)\n* 林寶卿,\"閩南語教程\",廈門大學出版社,厦门市,3月,2005年. (Hàn-gí)\n* 蔣為文,\"語言,認同與去殖民\",成功大學臺灣文學系,臺南市,1月,2005年. (Hàn-gí)\n* 潘春發,楊景紘,陳春美,\"學生臺語演講稿文集\",旭智文化事業出版,臺北市,11月,2004年. (Hàn-gí)\n* 許極燉,\"臺語學講座\",開拓出版有限公司,臺北縣新店市,7月,2003年. (Hàn-gí)\n* 魏益民,\"實用鄉土生活臺灣話\",南天書局有限公司,臺北市,2月,2001年. (Hàn-gí)\n* Wells,J.C.\"Orthographic diacritics and multilingual computing\",Dept. of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London,UK,2001.. (Eng-gí)\n* 許極燉,\"臺灣話通論\",南天書局有限公司,臺北市,5月,2000年. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Bîn-lâm-gú im-hē (閩南語音系)\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* 中研院語言所 - 期刊目錄 (Hàn-gí)\n* 鹭水芗南-闽南语部落 (Hàn-gí)\n* 台灣羅馬字協會 (Hàn-gí)\n* 台語新詞辭庫\n* Tâi-gí thiaⁿ-siá liān-si̍p (台語聽寫練習)","meta":{"title":"Bân-lâm-gí gí-hoat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[966,2524,0.3827258320126783],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2870}} -{"text":"**Tsiok-íng Hú-sing** (hàn-gú: 燭影斧聲), mā kiò-tsò Hú-sing Tsiok-íng (斧聲燭影), Tsiok-kong Hú-íng (燭光斧影), sī teh kóng tī kong-guân 976-nî Pak Sòng kkhai-kok hông-tè Sòng Thài-tsóo Tiáu Khong-īn (趙匡胤/Tiō Khong-īn) tu̍t-jiân kà-ping (駕崩), Sòng Thài-tsóo ê sió-tī tio̍h-sī Sòng Thài-tsong Tiáu Kong-gī (趙光義) tuè-bué-tsiū kè-uī tsi-kan sóo huat-sing ê bî-àn sú-ha̍k-kài (史學界) huâi-gî Tiàu Kong-gī sì-hing (弒兄) tshuàn-uī. Iú-kuan tsit-tsām tāi-tsì ê kì-tsài í sing-jîn Bûn-íng (文瑩) ê Sio̍k siong-san iá-lio̍k (續湘山野錄) sóo kì-tsài sū-tsik liû-thuân siong kóng-huàn.\n\nKuè-tîng\n--------\n\nTsiok-íng Hú-sing tsi-sū teh tsìng-sú (正史) pīng-bô tsit-khuán tāi-tsì ê kì-tsài, m̄-koh teh Sòng-sú Thài-tsóo Pún-kì (宋史·太祖 本紀) tíng-kuân ū án-ne siá: \"Hông-tè (Sòng Thài-tsóo Tiáu Khong-īn) kà-ping teh Bān-suè tiān (萬歲殿), huē-sóo 50\" (帝崩於萬歲殿，年五十). Khai-pó 9-nî Tang-thinn 9-gue̍h kuí-thiú (癸丑) tshim-iā (深夜) (kong-guân 976-nî 11-gue̍h 14-ji̍t), Tiàu Kong-gī to-teh lîng-kiū (靈柩) tsi-tsîng tsik-uī (即位), lî-tshiánn it-huán û-nî (逾年/tsi̍t-nî liáu-āu) kái-guân (改元) ê kuàn-lē, tī Khai-pó 9-nî 12-gue̍h kap-în (甲寅) (kong-guân 977-nî 1-gue̍h 15-ji̍t) kái-guân Thài-pîng Hing-kok.\n\nKin-kì Bûn-íng ê \"Sio̍k siong-san iá-lio̍k\":\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ s:宋史/卷004 開寶九年冬十月癸丑，太祖崩，帝遂即皇帝位。...十二月甲寅...改是歲為太平興國元年。 s:宋史/卷004 開寶九年十二月甲寅...改是歲為太平興國元年。\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 禚夢庵，《金匱之盟與燈影斧聲之說考辨》。(Hàn-gí)\n* 劉洪濤，《從趙宋宗室的家族釋燭影斧聲之謎》。(Hàn-gí)\n* 劉安志，《近年來\"燭影斧聲\"與金匱之盟研究述評》。(Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Usurper (tshuàn-uī)\n* Kim-kuī tsi bîng (金匱之盟)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 《疑案裡的中國史》：宋太祖趙匡胤是否真的死於「斧聲燭影」？兇手就是趙光義？ (Hàn-gí)\n* 燭影斧聲--千古之謎 (Hàn-gí)\n* 斧声烛影--北宋谜案 (Hàn-gí)\n* 燭影斧聲--歷史典故 (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chiok-éng Hú-seng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[526,1812,0.2902869757174393],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2099}} -{"text":"\n**Tēⁿ Sêng-kong** (鄭成功; 1624 nî 8 goe̍h 27 ji̍t – 1662 nî 6 goe̍h 23 ji̍t), Ji̍t-pún-miâ **Hukumatu** (福松), gôan-miâ hō-chò **Tēⁿ Sim** (鄭森), piáu-jī **Bêng-giám** (明儼); āu--lâi Bêng-tiâu Tông-ông Liông-bú hông-tè sù-hō i sèⁿ \"Chu\" (朱), miâ hō-chòe \"Sêng-kong\", só·-í lâng mā chheng-hō͘ ì **Kok-Sìⁿ-iâ** (國姓爺). Tēⁿ Sêng–kong sī Bêng-tiâu chòe-āu chi̍t-ê chú-tiuⁿ Hóan-Chheng-hok-Bêng ê koaⁿ-oân, i kóaⁿ-chàu hit-tông-sî chiàm-niá Tâi-ôan ê \"âng-mô·-hoan\" (紅毛番, Hô-lân lâng), kàu-taⁿ, tī Hok-kiàn, Tâi-ôan ê bîn-kan iu-gôan liû-thôan tio̍h chin-chōe iú-koan Tīⁿ Sêng-kong ê le̍k-sú kó͘-chek kah sîn-kî ê thôan-soat. Tēⁿ-Sêng-kong kòe-sin liáu-āu, i-ê kin-sûi-chiá chiong i chòng tī Tâi-ôan Lo̍k-ní-mn̂g-káng ê hùn-kīn. Tēⁿ-Sêng-kong chāi-seⁿ ê sî-chūn, âng-mô·-hoan mā lóng kā i kiò-chò \"Kok-Sìⁿ-iâ\".\n\nTīⁿ Sêng-kong ê chi̍t-sì-lâng\n-----------------------------\n\nTīⁿ Sêng-kong in lāu-pē Tīⁿ Chi-liông, kui-sūn Chheng-tiâu chìn-chêng sī hái-chha̍t ê thâu-lâng. Bú-chhin sī Ji̍t-pún-lâng, miâ hō-chò Tagawa Matu (田川 マツ). Tīⁿ Sêng-kong chhut-sì tī Ji̍t-pún khò-hài ê siâⁿ-chhī Hirado (平戸), 7-hòe í-chêng, Tīⁿ Sêng-kong it-ti̍t hām in lāu-bú tòa-tī Hirado, liáu-āu tò-tńg-kàu Hok-kiàn-séng Chìn-kang-kōaiⁿ Oaⁿ-pêng-tìn（hiān-chāi Oaⁿ-hái ） seng-o̍ah liáu 10-gōa-nî. Tīⁿ Sêng-kong chū sè-hàn báu-tho̍k keng-su, i chhim-chhim liáu-kái tio̍h Tong-hong ê thôan-thóng lé-sò· kah bîn-cho̍k ì-sek. \n\n### Khí-gī\n\nTông-ông Liông-bú Hông-tè put-hēng pī-hài, Bêng-tiâu lo̍k-pāi. Tēⁿ-Chi-liông jīn-ûi Bêng-tiâu khì-sò͘ í chīn, ko͘-put-lî-chiong ko͘-1-ê khì hiòng Chheng-tiâu tâu-hâng. iā-tio̍h-sī tī chit-ê sî-chūn, Chheng-peng chhim-mn̂g-ta̍h-hō, m̄-nā chhiúⁿ-kiap Tīⁿ--ka, iū-koh bú-jio̍k Tīⁿ-Sêng-kong in lāu-bú, Tīⁿ-bú put-kham cho-siū chau-that, soah lâi tiàu-tāu chū-sat. Kong-gôan 1645-nî, \"Kok-hūn ka-siu\" (國恨家仇) pek-sú Tēⁿ-Sêng-kong khì-lâi chò-hóan, khí-gī ê só·-chāi sī Sió-kim-mn̂g, khí-gī ê kháu-hō sī \"Tiong-hau-pe̍k Chiau-thó Tāi-chiòng-kun Choē-sîn Chu Sêng-kong\" (忠孝伯招討大將軍罪臣朱成功). Chhú-khì 16-nî tiong-kan, Tīⁿ-Sêng-kong óa-khò Kim-mn̂g kah Ē-mn̂g chò-ûi kin-kù-tē, oân-chôan khòng-chè tī-hái-kôan. Tīⁿ-Sêng-kong hām hoan-á-lâng chò-seng-lí, mō͘-chi̍p chu-kim, chio-peng-bóe-bé, i koh phài-chhut chhin-sìn, tī Tāi-lio̍k khui siong-hâng, siu-chi̍p Chheng-tiâu ê chêng-pò. Kî-kan Tīⁿ-Sêng-kong bat khí-gī kòe kúi-ā-pái, ū-sî mā chhōe chioh-khàu, kah Chheng-tiâu ké gī-hô, cheng-chhú sî-kan chiâⁿ-ióng peng-má. \n\nKong-gôan 1659-nî, Tīⁿ-Sêng-kong chhut-peng kong-táⁿ Lâm-kiaⁿ sit-pāi, 2-nî-āu, kin-kù-tē sóa-kòe-khì Tâi-ôan.\n\n### Tang-tō͘ Tâi-ôan\n\nTēⁿ Sêng-kong ê siong, Tâi-oân Tâi-lâm An-pêng\nKong-gôan 1661-nî, Tīⁿ-Sêng-kong chhut-peng phah Tâi-ôan, chiong Tâi-ôan kóe-miâ kiò \"Tang-to·\" (東都), bo̍k-tek si hi-bāng ē-tàng ngiâ-chiap Lâm-Bêng Éng-le̍k hông-tè Kùi-ông lâi Tâi-ôan. Iā-to̍h-sī tī chit-ê sî-chūn, Chheng-tiâu Sūn-tī hông-tè pan-pò· chhian-kài (遷界) ê bēng-lēng, sî-kan î-chhî 20-nî hiah-nī kú, án-ne Tīⁿ-Sêng-kong mā tn̄g-cho̍at liáu keng-chè chi-gōan, put-tek-í khai-sí khai-khún kah kiàn-siat Tâi-ôan chit-tè thó͘-tē. Kong-gôan 1662-nî Tīⁿ-Sêng-kong in lāu-pē Tīⁿ-Chi-liông tī Pak-kiaⁿ hông chám-siú, koh bô-lōa-kú liáu-āu, Tīⁿ-Sêng-kong phah-pāi âng-mô͘-hoan-á Hô-lâm-lâng, kā in kóaⁿ-chhut Tâi-ôan. ah m̄-koh bô-lōa-kú liáu-āu thôan-lâi Lâm-Bêng Éng-le̍k hông-tè khì So·-chiu bē ah-nn̄g ê siau-sit, che it-chhat lóng cheng-ka Tēⁿ-Sêng-kong bû-hān ê iu-chhiû kah ut-chut. Kāng-nî ê 5-go̍eh, Tēⁿ-Sêng-kong chì-chàn bōe-tiâu, phòa-pīⁿ kòe-sin, hiang-liân 39-hoe. \n\nTēⁿ Sêng-kong sí liáu-āu, i ê hāu-seⁿ Tēⁿ Keng kè-sio̍k tiàm Tâi-ôan keng-êng thóng-tī, put-jī-kò sêng-hāu iú-hān. Kong-gôan 1683-nî, Tēⁿ Khek-sóng hiòng Chheng-tiâu tâu-hâng. Kong-gôan 1684-nî, Tâi-ôan-hú chèng-sek lâp-ji̍p Tiong-kok ê pán-tô·, lē-siok-î Hok-kiàn-sèng, ē-bīn siat-tī Tâi-ôan-kōan, Hōng-san-kōan kah Chu-lô-kōan.\n\n### Phêng-kè\n\nTīⁿ Sêng-kong sī Bêng-tiâu bo̍at-nî Hok-kiàn Chôan-chiu Lâm-oaⁿ-kōaiⁿ ê lâng. I koáⁿ-cháu hit-tong-sî chiàm-niá Tâi-ôan ê âng-mô·-hoan (紅毛番) Hô-lân chhim-lo̍k-chiá, pēng-chhiáⁿ khai-hoat Tâi-ôan, chiong sian-chìn ê Hàn-cho̍k bûn-bêng ín-ji̍p Tâi-oân. it-ti̍t kàu-kah kin-á-ji̍t, Tīⁿ Sêng-kong iu-goân sī toā-to-sò͘ Tiong-kok-lâng sim-tiong ê bîn-cho̍k eng-hiông.\n\nPut-jī-kò tī Tâi-ôan kah tong-kim ê kok-chè siā-hōe, mā ū chin-chōe ha̍k-chià jīn-ûi Tīⁿ Sêng-kong sī gōa-lâi-chiá. chi-chhî chit-chióng koan-tiám ê lâng jīn-ûi tī-leh Tīⁿ Sêng-kong lâi-kàu Tâi-oân chìn-chêng, Tâi-ôan chit-ê só͘-chái pēng-bô Hàn-jîn kah Hàn bûn-hòa, mā m̄-bat tī Bêng-tiàu chìn-chêng chiap-siū kòe Tiong-kok jīm-hô chi̍t-ê tiâu-tāi ê thóng-tī kah kóan-ha̍t. In kóng Hàn-jîn kah âng-mô͘-lâng lâi-kàu Tâi-gôan í-chêng, Tâi-oân sī gôan-chū-bîn ê só·-chāi, só͘-í mā bô-sǹg sī Tiong-kok ê léng-thó͘ .\n\nIú-koan ê thôan-soat\n--------------------\n\n* Tâi-tiong-chhī Tāi-kah-khu--ê Thih-tiam-soaⁿ Kiàm-chéⁿ (鐵砧山劍井)\n* Lâm-tâu-koān Chháu-tùn-tìn\n* Sin-pak-chhī Eng-ko-khu--ê Eng-ko-chio̍h (鶯歌石)\n* Ke-lâng-chhī--ê Sian-tōng (仙洞)\n\nIú-koan Bûn-Chiuⁿ\n-----------------\n\n* Tang-lêng-kok\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Koxinga*** |\n\n* p8-45, 《發現台灣》上冊，天下雜誌，天下雜誌編輯，ISBN 957-9079-16-1\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTang-lêng-kok ê kok-ông |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Tēⁿ Sêng-kong → Tēⁿ Si̍p → Tēⁿ Keng → Tēⁿ Khek-chong → Tēⁿ Khek-sóng |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Hô-lân léng Formosa (1624–1662) |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Cho͘-chit | \n* Hô-lân Liân-ha̍p Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si\n\n | |\n| |\n| Tāi-chì | \n* Liāu-lô-oan Hái-chiàn [en]\n* Pêng-tiāⁿ Formosa\n* Lamey Tó Sū-kiāⁿ [en]\n* Koeh Hoâi-it chi loān [en]\n* Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ Pau-ûi-chiàn\n\n |\n| |\n| Só͘-chāi | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Hiuⁿ-siā | \n* Bakloan\n* Dalivo\n* Favorlang\n* Kelang\n* Longkiau\n* Mattau\n* Pangsoia\n* Pimaba\n* Sakam\n* Sinkan\n* Soulang\n* Tampsuy\n* Tamsuy\n* Tevorang\n* Tirosen\n\n |\n| |\n| Siâⁿ | \n* Phêⁿ-ô͘-siâⁿ [en]\n* Jia̍t-lân-jia Siâⁿ\n* Phó͘-lô-bîn-jia Siâⁿ\n* Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Jîn-bu̍t | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tióng-koaⁿ | \n* Martinus Sonck\n* Gerard Frederikszoon de With\n* Pieter Nuyts\n* Hans Putmans\n* Johan van der Burg\n* Paulus Traudenius\n* Maximilian le Maire\n* François Caron\n* Pieter Anthoniszoon Overtwater\n* Nicolas Verburg\n* Cornelis Caesar\n* Frederick Coyett\n\n |\n| |\n| Thoân-kàu-sū | \n* George Candidius\n* Daniel Gravius\n* Antonius Hambroek\n* Gilbertus Happart\n* Robert Junius\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | \n* Tēⁿ Chi-liông\n* Tēⁿ Sêng-kong\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 5727768\n* LCCN: n83024080\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 6674 7108\n* GND: 11882225X\n* SUDOC: 086172573\n* BNF: cb161440677 (data)\n* BIBSYS: 11042316\n* NLA: 36731042\n* NDL: 00625618\n* NKC: jo2009409316\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tēⁿ Sêng-kong","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2075,6834,0.30362891425226807],"infobox":["
    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    Tēⁿ Sêng-kong
    鄭成功
    \nIân-pêng-ông
    \n
    Tang-lêng-kok kok-ông
    Chāi-ūi\n1661 nî 6 goe̍h 14 ji̍t – 1662 nî 6 goe̍h 23 ji̍t
    Kè-jīm\nTēⁿ Si̍p
    Ông-hui\nTáng Iú (董友)
    Sè-î\nChng--sī, Lîm--sī, Un--sī, Sú--sī, Chhòa--sī, Chan--sī, Chhòa--sī, Khó͘--sī
    Kiáⁿ-jî\nKiáⁿ: Tēⁿ Keng (鄭經), Tēⁿ Chhong (鄭聰), Tēⁿ Bêng (鄭明), Tēⁿ Jōe (鄭睿), Tēⁿ Tì (鄭智), Tēⁿ Khoan (鄭寬), Tēⁿ Jū (鄭裕), Tēⁿ Un (鄭溫), Tēⁿ Jiû (鄭柔), Tēⁿ Hoat (鄭發)
    4 cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ
    \n
    Chun-hō
    \nIân-pêng-ông (延平王)
    Kok-Sèⁿ-iâ (國姓爺)
    Sē-hō
    \nBú-ông (武王)
    Ông-tiâu\nTang-lêng
    Lāu-pē\nTēⁿ Chi-liông
    Lāu-bú\nTagawa Matu
    Chhut-sì\nTēⁿ Sim (鄭森), Hukumatu (福松)
    1624 nî 8 goe̍h 27 ji̍t(1624-08-27)
    Ji̍t-pún Hizen-kok Hirado
    Kòe-sin\n1662 nî 6 goe̍h 23 ji̍t (37 hòe)
    Tang-lêng-kok An-pêng
    ","
    Chun-hō
    \nIân-pêng-ông (延平王)
    Kok-Sèⁿ-iâ (國姓爺)
    Sē-hō
    \nBú-ông (武王)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7785}} -{"text":"\n**Ông Hóo-lîng** (hân-gú: 王滬寧; 1955-nî 10-gue̍h 6-ji̍t－; **Ông Hōo-lîng**), Suann-tang lâi-tsiu-jîn, tshut-sì teh Tiong-kok siōng-hái, Tiong-huâ jîn-bîn kiōng-hô-kok tsìng-tī ha̍k-ka, Tiong-kok kiōng-sán-tóng tsú-iàu ê líng-tō-jîn tsi it, hiān-jīm tiong-kiōng tiong-iong tsìng-tī-kio̍k siông-uí, tiong-iong kái-kik-pān tsú-jīm.\n\nÔng Hóo-lîng pat tī 2002-nî tsì 2020-nî tsi-kan tam-jīm tiong-kiōng tiong-iong tsìng-tshik gián-kiù-sik tsú-jīm, sī Kang Ti̍k-bîn, Hôo Kím-tô, Si̍p Kīn-pîng liân-suà sam-jīm tiong-kiōng tiong-iong tsóng-su-kì ê tsú-iàu tsuān-kó-jîn. Ha̍k-su̍t-kài tshut-sin, Ho̍k-tàn tāi-ha̍k kok-tsè tsìng-tī tsuan-gia̍p huat-ha̍k si̍k-sū, pat tam-jīm-kuè Tiong-kok tsìng-tī ha̍k-huē lí-sū, hù pì-su-tiúnn, ho̍k-tàn taih-ak huat-ha̍k-īnn īnn-tiúnn, kok-tsè tsìng-tī-hē kàu-siū, phok-sū-sing tō-su, uì 1990 nî-tāi í-lâi siú-iàu tsìng-tī lí-lūn-ka. Tī 1977-nî 2-gue̍h tsham-ka kang-tsok, 1984-nî 4-gue̍h ka-ji̍p Tiong-kok kiōng-sán-tóng, sī tiong-kiōng tē-16 tsì 20 kài tiong-iong uí-uân, tē 18 tsì 29 kài tiong-iong tsìng-tī-kio̍k uí-uân, tē 19 kài, 20 kài tiong-iong tsìng-tī-kio̍k siông-uí, tē 17, 19 kài tiong-iong su-kì-tshù su-kì.\n\nSing-pîng\n---------\n\n### Tsá-nî\n\nÔng Hóo-lîng tī 1955-nî 10-gue̍h 6-ji̍t tshut-sì teh Siōng-hái, tsi̍k-kuàn Suann-tang I̍k-kuān (kin-á-ji̍t ê Suann-tang-síng Lâi-tsiu-tshī), 1972-nî uì Siōng-hái-tshī tē-54 tiong-ha̍k pit-gia̍p liáu-āu hông thui-tsiàn kàu Siōng-hái Su-huān tāi-ha̍k (kin-á-ji̍t ê Huâ-tang Su-huān tāi-ha̍k. guā-gú-hē ha̍k-si̍p Huat-gú. Tī 1977-nî tam-jīm Siōng-hái tshut-pán-kio̍k kàn-pōo, teh Siōng-hái siā-huē khoh-a-īnn tsiông-sū gián-kiù kang-tsok. Tī 1978-nî tsham-ka tsuân-kok gián-kiù-sing tsio-sing khó-tshì, in-uī sîng-tsik iu-ī hông ti̍t-tsiap lio̍k-tshú tsò Ho̍k-tàn tāi-ha̍k kok-tsè tsìng-tī-hē si̍k-sū gián-kiù-sing, 1981-nî hi̍k-tit huat-ha̍k si̍k-sū ha̍k-uī. Tī 1984nî 4-gue̍h, ka-ji̍p Tiong-kok kiōng-sán-tóng, sîng-uî hit-tang-tsūn Hok-tàn tāi-ha̍k tsìng-tī-ha̍k kàu-gián-sik tsú-jīm Ông Pang-tsò (王邦佐) puê-ióng ê tuì-siōng.\n\nPit-gia̍p liáu-āu, Ông Hóo-lîng liû-hāu jîm-kàu, li̍k-jîm Ho̍k-tàn tāi-ha̍k kok-tsè tsìng-tī-hē kàu-su, hù kàu-siū, kàu-siū, 1988-nî teh Bí-kok Iowa tāi-ha̍k tsìng-tī kho-ha̍k-hē, Ka-tsiu tāi-ha̍k Bokly hun-hāu tsìng-tī kho-ha̍k-hē tsò hóng-būn ha̍k-tsiá puànn-nî. Tī 1989-nî tam-jīm kok-tsè tsìng-tī-hē tsú-jīm, 1994-nî tam-jīm Ho̍k-tàn tāi-ha̍k huat-ha̍k-īnn īnn-tiúnn.\n\nÔng Hóo-lîng tī 20 sè-kí 80 nî-tāi tō í-king sī ha̍k-su̍t-kài ê ti-miâ tshing-liân ha̍k-tsiá, sîng-uî hit-tong-sî \"Puànn-gue̍h tâm [zh]\" tíng-tíng sî-sū tsa̍p-tsì ê hong-bīn jîn-bu̍t, siū--tio̍h tong-sî tiong-kiông Siōng-hái-tshī uí-suan-pōo hū-tsik-jîn ê kuan-tsù, pat tsham-ú uì tiong-kiōng 13 tāi í-lâi ê tiong-kiōng tiōng-iàu lí-lūn bûn-hiàn ê khi-tsháu kang-tsok. Tī 1993-nî, Ông Hóo-lîng í Ho̍k-tàn tāi-ha̍k piān-lūn-tuī kòo-būn ê sin-hūn,tsham-ka \"Kok-tsè tāi-tsuan piān-lūn-huē\" the̍h-tio̍h kuan-kun jî-lâi tshut-miâ.\n\nTsú-iàu tù-tsok\n---------------\n\n* Pí-kàu tsìng-tī hun-sik (比较政治分析)\n* Tsìng-tī ê lô-tsi̍p--Marx tsú-gī tsìng-tī-ha̍k guân-lí (政治的逻辑──马克思主义政治学原理)\n* Bik-ok huán-tuì Bí-kok (美国反对美国)\n* Tsìng-tī ê jîn-sing (政治的人生)\n* Sin tsìng-tī-ha̍k khài-iàu (新政治学概要)\n* Tong-tāi se-hong tsìng-tī-ha̍k hun-sik (当代西方政治学分析)\n* Sai-sîng sia̍t-tsiàn (狮城舌战)\n\nTsù-sik\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 1972年5月至1980年7月，华东师范大学更名为\"上海师范大学\"。(Hàn-gí)\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"王沪宁同志简历\". *人民网*. goân-loē-iông tī 2017-09-20 hőng khó͘-pih. 2017-10-04 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n2. ↑ \"解读中共新一届政治局常委名单\". 华尔街日报. 2017-10-27. goân-loē-iông tī 2018-03-20 hőng khó͘-pih. 2018-03-19 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n3. ↑ \"博士生导师王沪宁教授-《复旦学报(社会科学版)》1994年03期\". *中国知网*. goân-loē-iông tī 2017-10-04 hőng khó͘-pih. 2017-10-04 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n4. ↑ \"夏明：我和王沪宁的十年交往\". 端传媒. 2017-11-02. goân-loē-iông tī 2017-11-07 hőng khó͘-pih.  (Hàn-gí)\n5. ↑ \"俞吾金：思考到最后一刻\". *中国共产党新闻网*. goân-loē-iông tī 2018-12-02 hőng khó͘-pih. 2017-11-13 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n6. ↑ 龚丹韵 (2013-08-19). \"狮城舌战二十年\". *人民网*. goân-loē-iông tī 2017-11-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2017-11-13 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong [zh] (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong)\n* Khèng-goân tiâu-hoat sū-lūi [zh] (Khìng-guân tiâu-huat sū-luī)\n* Hông-tek hoat-tián [zh] (Hông-tik huat-tén)\n* Lí tiâu hêng-su [zh] (Lí tiâu hîng-su)\n* Puànn-gue̍h tâm [zh]\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 王沪宁-中国党政领导干部资料库Archived 2014-12-26 at the Wayback Machine. (Hàn-gí)\n* 观点：王沪宁是\"强人政治的解药\"Archived 2018-03-12 at the Wayback Machine. BBC中文网，2017年11月7日。 (Hàn-gí)\n* 中国共产党将以马列毛邓和王沪宁思想作为自己的行动指南（高新）Archived 2017-09-22 at the Wayback Machine.. 2017-09-01. (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Ông Hó͘-lêng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2522,5503,0.45829547519534797],"infobox":["\n\n
    Ông Hóo-lîng
    \n(王沪宁)
    First Secretary of the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party
    \nJīm-kî
    25 October 2017 – 23 October 2022
    General Secretary\nXi Jinping
    Chêng-jīm\nLiu Yunshan
    Kè-jīm\nCai Qi
    Chairman of the Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization
    \n
    \nChiū-jīm
    November 2017
    Hù-chhiú\nSun Chunlan
    Huang Kunming
    Chêng-jīm\nLiu Yunshan
    Director of the Central Policy Research Office
    \nJīm-kî
    October 2002 – October 2020
    Hù-chhiú\nHe Yiting
    Zheng Xinli
    General secretary\nJiang Zemin
    Hu Jintao
    Xi Jinping
    Chêng-jīm\nTeng Wensheng
    Kè-jīm\nJiang Jinquan
    \n\n
    Other office held
    Director of the Office of the Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission
    \n
    \nChiū-jīm
    January 2014
    Hù-chhiú\nMu Hong
    Pan Shengzhou
    Chen Yixin
    Chêng-jīm\nOffice established
    Kò-jîn chu-sìn
    Chhut-sì\n1955 nî 10 goe̍h 6 ji̍t （1955-10-06）(68 hòe)
    Shanghai, China
    Chèng-tóng\nChinese Communist Party (1984–present)
    Bú-hāu\nFudan University
    East China Normal University
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5292}} -{"text":"\niPhone 15\n**iPhone** sī Apple kong-si kî-hā gián-hoat ê hêng-tōng tiān-ōe hē-lia̍t; i tah-chài Apple kong-si gián-hoat ê iOS chhiú-ki chok-gia̍p hē-thóng. Tē-it tāi iPhone tī 2007 nî 1 goe̍h 9 hō, iû tông-sî Apple kong-si ê CEO Steve Jobs hoat-pò͘, pēng tī kāng-nî 6 goe̍h 29 hō chèng-sek hoat-siū. 2015 nî 9 goe̍h 9 hō, Apple kong-si tī Bí-kok Kū-kim-soaⁿ kí-hêng sin-sán-phín hoat-pò͘-hōe téng, thui-chhut tē-káu tāi sán-phín iPhone 6S, tī kāng-nî 9 goe̍h 25 hō chèng-sek hoat-siū. Apple kong-si kî-hā tì-hūi-hêng chhiú-ki iPhone hē-lia̍t, iōng kò-pia̍t thui-chhut ê khoán-sek lâi kè-sǹg, ē-sái sī choân-kiû siau-liōng tē-it-tōa ê tì-hūi-hêng chhiú-ki.\n\niPhone ê sú-iōng-chiá kài-bīn kiàn-li̍p tī se̍h chhiú-ki ê to-tiám chhiok-khòng êng-bō͘, tong-tiong pau-koat tio̍h hi-gí kiàn-poâⁿ. I sī chi̍t-khoán kiat-ha̍p tio̍h hip-siàng kong-lêng, kò-jîn sò͘-ūi chō͘-lí, mûi-thé pò͘-hòng-khì, ióng-iú siu-hoat tiān-chú iû-kiāⁿ, bû-soàⁿ thong-sìn chong-tì, bāng-ia̍h liû-lám téng-téng kong-lêng ê tì-hūi-hêng chhiú-ki, pēng chi-oān Wi-Fi, 2G, 3G kap LTE ê liân-chiap; ki-î chiân-su̍t liân-chiap liân-soàⁿ kàu VPN sù-ho̍k-khì, si̍t-hiān hi-gí choan-soàⁿ bāng-lō͘ ho̍k-bū. I iáu ē-sái lo̍k-iáⁿ, hip-siàng, siu-hoat tiān-chú-phoe kap liû-lám bāng-ia̍h. Kî-thaⁿ kong-lêng chhiūⁿ tiān-tōng iû-hì, chham-khó kang-chok, GPS tō-hâng kap liân-chiap siā-kûn bāng-lō͘ téng-téng, chia-ê lóng ē-sái thàu-kòe hā-chài èng-iōng thêng-sek lâi si̍t-hiān, téng-î sī chi̍t tâi sok-sió te̍k-hòa ê kò-jîn tiān-náu.","meta":{"title":"iPhone","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1486,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1698}} -{"text":"Nn̄g ê Tiong-kok.\n**Nn̄g ê Tiong-kok** (Hàn-jī: **兩个中國**) sī chi̍t ê tē-iân chèng-tī kio̍k-bīn, tō sī kóng Tang A-chiu ū nn̄g ê kiò-chò \"Tiong-kok\" ê chèng-tī si̍t-thé, chi̍t ê sī Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok (中華人民共和國; Eng. *People's* *Republic of China*, kán-chheng PRC), chi̍t ê sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok (中華民國; Eng. *Republic of China*, kán-chheng ROC).\n\nPōe-kéng\n--------\n\n1912 nî, kek-bēng-tóng thui-hoan Tāi-chheng Tè-kok, kiàn-li̍p kiōng-hô-chè ê Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok. Khiā tī Pak-pêng ê Pak-iûⁿ Chèng-hú sûi la̍k-khoân, chiâⁿ-chò Tiong-kok ê tāi-piáu chèng-hú. 1927 nî Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng ê Kok-bîn Chèng-hú chhú-tāi Pak-iûⁿ Chèng-hú, chhian-to͘ Lâm-kiaⁿ, oân-sêng hêng-sek-siōng ê thóng-it.\n\n1912 nî kàu 1949 nî ê Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok siū-tio̍h kun-hoa̍t hùn-chiàn, Ji̍t-pún ji̍p-chhim kah Kok-Kiōng Lāi-chiàn ê chhui-chhân, só͘-í tiong-iong chèng-hú pēng bô si̍t-chè khòng-chè i só͘ soan-chheng ê léng-thó͘. Chit tōaⁿ kî-kan chûn-chāi ê chèng-khoân ū: \n\n* Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng ê Tiong-hôa So͘-ûi-ia Kiōng-hô-kok (1931–1937).\n* Tiong-hôa Kiōng-hô-kok (1933–1934).\n* Ji̍t-pún ê ka-lé chèng-khoân: Boán-chiu-kok (1932–1945) kah Bông-kiang Liân-ha̍p Chū-tī Chèng-hú (1939–1945), Hok-kiàn Jîn-bîn Chèng-hú, Ong Cheng-ōe chèng-khoân (1940–1945).\n* Se-chōng: Ganden Phodrang chèng-khoân(1912–1951).\n* Sin-kiang: Khoja Niyaz ê Tang Turkestan Tē-it Kiōng-hô-kok (1933–1934), Tang Turkestan Tē-jī Kiōng-hô-kok (1944–1949), Tuvan Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok (1921–1944).\n* Bông-kó͘: Tāi Bông-kó͘-kok (1911–1924) kah Bông-kó͘ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok (1924–1992). 1946 nî Tiong-kok sêng-jīn Bông-kó͘ to̍k-li̍p.\n\nKok-Kiōng Lāi-chiàn piáu-bīn-siōng tī 1949 nî kiat-sok, Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng sèng-lī, Mô͘ Te̍k-tong kiàn-li̍p Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok chèng-khoân, kiōng-beh khòng-chè kui-ê Tiong-kok. Chiúⁿ Kài-chio̍h chhōa-thâu ê Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok liâm-mi kā tiong-iong chèng-hú poaⁿ-sóa khì Tâi-oân ê Tâi-pak.\n\nSui-jiân-kóng chiàn-cheng tī sòa--lo̍h-lâi kúi-nā nî ê sî-kan koh leh chìn-hêng, tān-sī Hân-chiàn í-āu nn̄g ê chèng-khoân ê khòng-chè-sòaⁿ í-keng ōe kah chiok chheng-chò--ah: khiā tī Pak-kiaⁿ ê Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng léng-tō Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok chèng-khoân, khòng-chè Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k ê tōa-pō͘-hūn tē-khu, Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng léng-tō Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chèng-khoân, khòng-chè Tâi-oân, Phîⁿ-ô͘, kah Hok-kiàn óa-hái ê chi̍t-kóa tó-sū. 1950 nî Hân-chiàn po̍k-hoat liáu-āu, Bí-kok hia̍p-hông Tâi-oân Hái-kiap, mā tī Tâi-oân chù-kun, hông-chí Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ji̍p-chhim Tâi-oân.\n\nLāi-chiàn siu-soah liáu-āu, chiàn-tiûⁿ sòa khì gōa-kau tiûⁿ-ha̍p. Nn̄g ê chèng-hú kàu-taⁿ lóng soan-chheng kóng i ka-tī sī Tiong-kok ê ûi-it ha̍p-hoat chèng-hú. 1970 nî-tāi í-chêng, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok hō͘ to-sò͘ kok-ka kah Liân-ha̍p-kok sêng-jīn sī Tiong-kok ê ûi-it ha̍p-hoat chèng-hú, i mā soan-chheng ióng-iú tùi Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k kah Tâi-oân sīm-chì sī Bông-kó͘ ê chú-khoân. Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok m̄-nā sī Liân-ha̍p-kok ê chhòng-sí hōe-oân-kok, koh sī An-lí-hōe gō͘ ê siông-jīm lí-sū-kok chi-it, it-ti̍t-kàu 1971 nî Liân-ha̍p-kok Tāi-hōe Tē 2758 Hō Koat-gī kā Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú tùi Liân-ha̍p-kok kóaⁿ-cháu, hō͘ Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok chhú-tāi Tiong-kok ê se̍k-chhù. Sè-kài kok-kok mā sûi choán-ōaⁿ chèng-hú sêng-jīn, m̄ koh sêng-jīn Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok, kái sêng-jīn Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok\n\nM̄-koh chū 1990 nî-tāi í-lâi, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chèng-hú tī Tâi-oân ê chèng-tī kiâⁿ hióng chū-iû-hòa, bîn-chú-hòa, tī si̍t-chè-siōng kah hoat-lu̍t-siōng lóng ū hòng-khì cheng-chhú Tiong-kok ûi-it ha̍p-hoat-chèng-hú ê chhu-sè.\n\nBo̍k-chiân kio̍k-sè\n-------------------\n\nChit tiuⁿ tē-tô͘ ōe-chhut sè-kài kok-kok It-tiong Chèng-chhek ê si̍t-chiān.  Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok (PRC)  Kan-na sêng-jīn PRC ê kok-ka  Sêng-jīn PRC, mā hām ROC î-chhî hui-chèng-sek hoán-hē ê kok-ka  Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok (ROC)  Kan-na sêng-jīn ROC ê kok-ka  Bo̍k-chêng bô li̍p-tiûⁿ ê kok-ka\n\nChham-khó Bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Gayner, Jeffrey B (2 July 1977). \"U.S. Diplomacy and the Two Chinas\". goân-loē-iông tī 18 January 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. 19 March 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter `|url-status=` ignored (help)\n2. ↑ Swift, John (2003). \"The Two Chinas\". *The Palgrave Concise Historical Atlas of the Cold War*. pp. 44–45. doi:10.1057/9780230001183\\_20. ISBN 978-0-333-99404-7. goân-loē-iông tī 2023-04-11 hőng khó͘-pih. 2021-02-11 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter `|url-status=` ignored (help)\n\nKoh-khoàⁿ\n---------\n\n* Chi̍t ê Tiong-kok\n* Chi̍t piⁿ chi̍t kok\n* Ti̍k-sû ê kok kap kok koan-hē","meta":{"title":"Nn̄g ê Tiong-kok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1145,4374,0.26177411979881116],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5007}} -{"text":"Tiuⁿ Khek-huiTiuⁿ Khek-hui\n**Tiuⁿ Khek-hui** (張克輝), Tiong-kok **Chôan-kok Chèng-hia̍p** hù chú-se̍k, Hàn-cho̍k, Lâm-sèng ( cha-po·--ê ), 1928 nî 2 ge̍h chhut-sì, Tâi-ôan Chiong-hòa-lâng, Tiong-kok Tâi-bêng (中國臺盟) ê sêng-ôan, Kiōng-sán-tóng-ôan, sī **Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k Keng-chè-hē** ê pit-gia̍p-seng. 1948 nî chham-ka kong-chok. (1928-2024)\n\nKán-kài\n-------\n\n1942 nî ~ 1948 nî tī Tâi-ôan **Chiong-hòa Ko-kip Siong-gia̍p Ha̍k-hāu** kah **Tâi-ôan Su-hōan Ha̍k-īⁿ** ha̍k-si̍p. 1948 nî ~1949 nî **Ē-mn̂g Tâi-ha̍k Keng-chè-hē** pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, ka-ji̍p Kái-hòng-kun pō·-tūi, tī **Bân, O̍at, Kàn** (闽粤赣) chit kak-sì o̍ah-tòng, bat chò kòe liân-tiúⁿ kah hù chí-tō-ôan. 1949 nî ~ 1952 nî chêng-āu chò kòe Hok-kiàn-séng An-khoe-kōan **Jîn-bîn Kong-an tūi** hù chí-tō-ôan, **An-khoe-kōan Kong-an-kio̍k** kó·-tiúⁿ (股长), siâng-sî iū-koh sī **Hok-kiàn Sèng-úi Kàn-pō· Ha̍k-hāu** ha̍k-ôan, **Séng Thó·-kái tūi** (省土改隊) chó·-tiúⁿ, **Séng-úi Tóng-hāu** ha̍k-ôan. 1952 nî ~ 1969 nî **Hok-kiàn Séng-úi Thóng-chiàn-pō·** kàn-sū, chó·-tiúⁿ. 1969 nî ~ 1973 nî hông hā-hòng kàu Lêng-hòa-kōan chiap-siū lô-tōng kái-chō, āu--lâi chiâⁿ-chòe Lêng-hòa-kōan **Kek-bēng Úi-ôan-hōe** soan-thôan-chó· hù chó·-tiúⁿ. 1973 nî ~ 1978 nî tam-jīm **Hok-kiàn-séng Kek-bēng Úi-ôan-hōe** gōa-sū-chó· ê hoan-e̍k jîn-oân. 1978 nî ~ 1982 nî chò **Hok-kiàn-séng chèng-hia̍p** hù pì-su-tiúⁿ, **Hok-kiàn-séng Kiâu-bū Pān-kong-sek** kah **Séng gōa-sū-pān** ê hù chú-jīm, **Séng Tâi-bêng** chú-úi, **Séng Tâi-liân** hù hōe-tiúⁿ. 1982 nî ~ 1991 nî chhut-jīm **Hok-kiàn Séng-úi** siông-úi kiam **Thóng-chiàn-pō·** pō·-tiúⁿ, **Hok-kiàn-séng Chèng-hia̍p** hù chú-se̍k, **Hok-kiàn-séng Siā-hōe-chú-gī Ha̍k-īⁿ** īⁿ-tiúⁿ, **Kok-bū-īⁿ Tâi-ôan Sū-bū Pān-kong-sek** ( Kok-Tâi-pān ) chú-jīm. 1991 nî ~ 1997 nî chò Tiong-hôa Chôan-kok Tâi-ôan Tông-pau Liân-gî-hōe hōe-tiúⁿ, Hái-kiap Lióng-hōaⁿ Koan-hē Hia̍p-hōe kò·-būn, Tâi-bêng tiong-iong hù chú-se̍k. 1997 nî ~ 1998 nî seng-jīm chò Tâi-beng tiong-iong chú-se̍k kah **Chôan-kok Tâi-liân** miâ-ū hōe-tiúⁿ. 1998 nî iū-koh jīm-bèng chò **Chôan-kok Chèng-hia̍p** hù chú-se̍k, Tâi-bêng tiong-iong chú-se̍k, Tiong-kok Hô-pêng Thóng-it Chhiok-chìn-hōe hōe-tiúⁿ. 2003 nî 3 ge̍h, tī **Chôan-kok Chèng-hia̍p tē-10 kài 11-chhù hōe-gī** téng tòng-sóan chiâⁿ-chòe **Chôan-kok Chèng-hia̍p** hù chú-se̍k.","meta":{"title":"Tiuⁿ Khek-hui","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2168,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2593}} -{"text":"  Í-keng chhiam-sú tān-sī iáu-bōe phe-chún ê kok-ka.\n  Siūⁿ-beh thè-chhut ê tè-iok-kok.\n  M̄-sī tè-iok-kok iā m̄-sī chhiam-sú-kok.\n**Kong-bîn kap Chèng-tī Koân-lī Kok-chè Kong-iok** (eng. *International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights*; **ICCPR**) sī chi̍t hūn tī 1966 nî 12 goe̍h 16 hō keng Liân-ha̍p-kok Tāi-hōe thong-kòe ê kok-chè to-hong tiâu-iok, i tī 1976 nî 3 goe̍h 23 hō seng-hāu. Chit tiâu kong-iok hō͘ tè-iok-kok sêng-tam chek-jīm, ài chun-tiōng kò-jîn ê kong-bîn kap chèng-tī koân-lī, pau-hâm seng-chûn-koân, chong-kàu ê chū-iû, chi̍p-hōe ê chū-iû, soán-kí-koân, chèng-tong hoat-lu̍t têng-sū kap kong-pêng sím-sìn téng-téng.\n\nKong-bîn kap Chèng-tī Koân-lī Kok-chè Kong-iok sī iû Liân-ha̍p-kok Jîn-koân Sū-bū Úi-oân-hōe só͘ kàm-koán. Liân-ha̍p-kok Jîn-koân Sū-bū Úi-oân-hōe to̍k-li̍p chāi Liân-ha̍p-kok Jîn-koân Lí-sū-hōe gōa-kháu, sêng-oân sī ùi sêng-oân-kok tiong soán-kí sán-seng, tān chia-ê lâng pēng bô tāi-piáu jīm-hô kok-ka; úi-oân-hōe ê choan-ka khui-hōe kî-kan, su-iàu khó-chhat sêng-ôan-kok i-kì kong-iok thê-kau ê tēng-kî pò-kò.\n\n2014 nî 4 goe̍h ûi-chí, Kong-bîn kap Chèng-tī Koân-lī Kok-chè Kong-iok ū 74 ê chhiam-sú-kok kap 168 ê tè-iok-kok.\n\nSiong-koan Liân-ha̍p-kok bûn-kiāⁿ\n---------------------------------\n\n* Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân\n* Keng-chē, Siā-hōe kap Bûn-hòa Koân-lī Kok-chè Kong-iok\n* Liân-ha̍p-kok Tāi-hōe 66 hō Koat-gī\n* Liân-ha̍p-kok Tāi-hōe 1514 hō Koat-gī\n* Liân-ha̍p-kok Tāi-hōe 1541 hō Koat-gī","meta":{"title":"Kong-bîn kap Chèng-tī Koân-lī Kok-chè Kong-iok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[191,1356,0.14085545722713863],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1602}} -{"text":"Tò͘-sêng tn̂g-chio̍h kò͘-thé iông-e̍k ê khòng-bu̍t ê sêng-hūn ūi-siòng tô͘.\n**Tn̂g-chio̍h** (Hàn-jī: 長石; Eng-gí: feldspar) sī chi̍t chióng chō-gâm khòng-bu̍t ê cho̍k-kûn, sio̍k-tī ko͘-á ke-sng-iâm khòng-bu̍t, sêng-hūn ū a-lú-mih, koh ū pau-hâm sodium, calcium, potassium ia̍h-sī barium. The most common members of the feldspar group are the *plagioclase* (sodium-calcium) tn̂g-chio̍h kap *alkali* (potassium-sodium) tn̂g-chio̍h. Tē-khak liōng-iok ū 60% lóng sī tn̂g-chio̍h, tē-kiû ê tāi-lio̍k tē-khak mā ū 41% ê tāng-liōng sī tn̂g-chio̍h.\n\nSêng-hūn\n--------\n\nTn̂g-chio̍h chit khoán khòng-bu̍t ê chú-iàu sêng-hūn sī **ko͘-á ke-sng-iâm** (罟仔珪酸鹽). Chia̍p-khòaⁿ ê tn̂g-chio̍h, in ê sêng-hūn ē-sái ēng saⁿ chióng toan-sêng-hūn lâi piáu-ta̍t:\n\n* **chiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h** (正長石) toan-sêng-hūn KAlSi3O8\n* **chô-tn̂g-chio̍h** (曹長石) toan-sêng-hūn NaAlSi3O8\n* **hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h** (灰長石) toan-sêng-hūn CaAl2Si2O8\n\nChiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h kap chô-tn̂g-chio̍h tiong-kan ê kò͘-thé iông-ek kiò-chò **kiⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h** (鹼長石). Chiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h kap chô-tn̂g-chio̍h tiong-kan ê kò͘-thé iông-ek kiò-chò **chhoa̍h-tn̂g-chio̍h** (斜長石). Chiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h kap hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h kan-taⁿ ē-tàng sio-lām chò iú-hān ê kò͘-thé iông-ek, bē chiâⁿ-chò khòng-bu̍t; occurs between K-feldspar and anorthite, and in the two other solid solutions, immiscibility occurs at temperatures common in the crust of the Earth. Albite is considered both a plagioclase and alkali feldspar.\n\n### Kiⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h\n\nKiⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h ū nn̄g chióng: chi̍t chióng pau-koat ka-lí, koh kap nā-tú-lih, a-lú-mih, ia̍h ke-sò͘ ê cho͘-ha̍p; lēng-gōa chi̍t chióng sī kā ka-lí ōaⁿ-chò barium. \n\n* orthoclase (monoclinic) KAlSi \n3O \n8\n* sanidine (monoclinic) (K,Na)AlSi \n3O \n8\n* microcline (triclinic) KAlSi \n3O \n8\n* anorthoclase (triclinic) (Na,K)AlSi \n3O \n8\n\n### Ammonium tn̂g-chio̍h\n\nBuddingtonite sī chi̍t chióng ammonium tn̂g-chio̍h, hòa-ha̍k-sek sī NH4AlSi3O8.\n\n### Barium tn̂g-chio̍h\n\nBarium tn̂g-chio̍h lóng sī toaⁿ-chhoa̍h ê cheng-thé, ū pau-koat\n\n* celsian BaAl \n2Si \n2O \n8\n* hyalophane (K,Ba)(Al,Si) \n4O \n8\n\n \n\n### Chhoa̍h-tn̂g-chio̍h\n\nChhoa̍h-tn̂g-chio̍h sī saⁿ-chhoa̍h ê cheng-thé. Chhoa̍h-tn̂g-chio̍h ū hē-lia̍t (hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h ê phă-siàn-tò͘ siá tī leh goe̍h-bâi-tiám lāi):\n\n* chô-tn̂g-chio̍h (0 ~ 10) NaAlSi \n3O \n8\n* oligoclase (10 ~ 30) (Na,Ca)(Al,Si)AlSi \n2O \n8\n* andesine (30 ~ 50) NaAlSi3O8 – CaAl2Si2O8\n* labradorite (50 ~ 70) (Ca,Na)Al(Al,Si)Si \n2O \n8\n* bytownite (70 ~ 90) (NaSi,CaAl)AlSi \n2O \n8\n* hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h (90 ~ 100) CaAl \n2Si \n2O \n8\n\nKiat-kò͘\n--------\n\nTn̂g-chio̍h sī chéng-thé kiat-kò͘ ê ki-pún tan-ūi sī **a-lú-mih ke-sng-iâm** **sì-bīn-thé** (Hàn-jī: a-lú-mih珪酸鹽四面體; Eng-gí: aluminosilicate tetrahedra). Ta̍k-ê sì-bīn-thé ê cho͘-sêng lóng sī án-ne: tiong-ng ū chi̍t ê a-lú-mih ia̍h-sī ke-sò͘ lī-chú, piⁿ-·á hō͘ sì ê sng-sò͘ lī-chú ûi-·khí-lâi. Ta̍k-ê sng-sò͘ lī-chú iū-koh chiap-tio̍h kè-piah ê sì-bīn-thé, chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t ê sam-chhù-goân ê bāng-lō͘. A-lú-mih ke-sng-iâm sì-bīn-thé tī tn̂g-chio̍h lāi-té ê kiat-kò͘ sī tn̂g tiâu liān-á, chhit-oai-poeh-choāi, ná-chhiūⁿ khū-lán-khuh liān-á. \n\n* Tn̂g-chio̍h kiat-kò͘ ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, khòaⁿ-·khí-lâi chhin-chhiūⁿ khū-lán-khuh liān-á.Tn̂g-chio̍h kiat-kò͘ ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, khòaⁿ-·khí-lâi chhin-chhiūⁿ khū-lán-khuh liān-á.\n* Iân c te̍k khòaⁿ tn̂g-chio̍h cheng-thé kiat-kò͘Iân c te̍k khòaⁿ tn̂g-chio̍h cheng-thé kiat-kò͘\n* Iân a te̍k khòaⁿ tn̂g-chio̍h cheng-thé kiat-kò͘Iân a te̍k khòaⁿ tn̂g-chio̍h cheng-thé kiat-kò͘\n* cc\n\nSû-goân\n-------\n\nEng-gí miâ *feldspar* sī tùi Tek-gí *Feldspat* lâi ·ê, che sī *Feld* (\"chhân\") and *Spat* (\"phiáⁿ\") ha̍p-·khí-lâi ·ê ha̍p-sêng-sû. *Spat* ê \"chiok gâu li̍h-·khui pìⁿ chi̍t phiáⁿ ê chio̍h-thâu\"; *Feldspat* chit-ê sû sī 18 sè-kí chiah khai-sí ū khah te̍k-pia̍t ê ì-sù, khó-lêng sī in-ūi lâng chin chiap hō͘ lâng tiàm chhân-lāi ê chio̍h-thâu téng-koân chhōe·-tio̍h (Urban Brückmann, 1783); lēng-gōa chi̍t ê kóng-hoat sī kóng, ū \"chhân\" within granite and other minerals (René-Just Haüy, 1804).\n\nHong-hòa\n--------\n\nSeng-sán kap lō͘-ēng\n--------------------\n\nSiòng-phìⁿ\n----------\n\n* Specimen of rare plumbian (lead-rich) feldsparSpecimen of rare plumbian (lead-rich) feldspar\n* Perched on crystallized, white feldspar is an upright 4 cm aquamarine crystalPerched on crystallized, white feldspar is an upright 4 cm aquamarine crystal\n* Feldspar and moonstone, from Sonora, MexicoFeldspar and moonstone, from Sonora, Mexico\n* Schorl crystal on a cluster of euhedral feldspar crystalsSchorl crystal on a cluster of euhedral feldspar crystals\n* First X-ray view of Martian soil—feldspar, pyroxenes, olivine revealed (Curiosity rover at \"Rocknest\", October 17, 2012).First X-ray view of Martian soil—feldspar, pyroxenes, olivine revealed (Curiosity rover at \"Rocknest\", October 17, 2012).\n* Lunar ferrous anorthosite #60025 (plagioclase feldspar). Collected by Apollo 16 from the Lunar Highlands near Descartes Crater. This sample is currently on display at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.Lunar ferrous anorthosite #60025 (plagioclase feldspar). Collected by Apollo 16 from the Lunar Highlands near Descartes Crater. This sample is currently on display at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. 1 2 Neuendorf, K.K.E.; Mehl, Jr. J.P.; Jackson, J.A. (editors) (2005). *Glossary of Geology* (5th pán.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. p. 232. ISBN 978-0922152896. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)\n2. ↑ Deer, W.A; Howie, R.A.; Zussman, J. (2001). *Rock-forming Minerals (2nd edition) Volume 4A*. London: Geological Society of London. p. 2. ISBN 1-86239-081-9.\n3. ↑ Anderson, Robert S.; Anderson, Suzanne P. (2010). *Geomorphology: The Mechanics and Chemistry of Landscapes*. Cambridge University Press. p. 187. ISBN 9781139788700.\n4. ↑ Rudnick, R. L.; Gao, S. (2003). \"Composition of the Continental Crust\". Chū Holland, H. D.; Turekian, K. K. *Treatise on Geochemistry*. *Treatise on Geochemistry*. **3**. New York: Elsevier Science. pp. 1–64. Bibcode:2003TrGeo...3....1R. doi:10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03016-4. ISBN 978-0-08-043751-4.\n5. 1 2 3\n6. ↑ Celsian–orthoclase series on Mindat.org.\n7. ↑ Celsian–hyalophane series on Mindat.org.\n8. ↑ *Die Namen der Steine. Das Mineralreich im Spiegel der Sprache*\n9. ↑ Brown, Dwayne (October 30, 2012). \"NASA Rover's First Soil Studies Help Fingerprint Martian Minerals\". NASA. October 31, 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Tn̂g-chio̍h","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2238,5137,0.4356628382324314],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6966}} -{"text":"\n\n**Sú-bêng** (Hàn-jī: 史明, Eng-gí: Bing Su, 1918-nî 11-goe̍h 9-ji̍t – 2019-nî 9-goe̍h 20-ji̍t), pún-miâ **Si Tiâu-hui** (施朝暉), sī chó-phài Tâi-oân to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng ê tiōng-iàu jîn-bu̍t. I sī To̍k-li̍p Tâi-oân Hoē ê chhòng-sí-chiá kap *Tâi-oân-lâng 400 Nî Sú* (台灣人四百年史) chit-pún chheh ê chok-chiá.\n\nChá-kî ê seng-oa̍h\n------------------\n\nSú-bêng chhut-sì tī Tâi-pak-chhī Sū-lîm, laū-pē sī Hong-goân-lâng Lîm Chè-chhoan (林濟川). Lîm Chè-chhoan liû-ha̍k Ji̍t-pún ê sî bat chham-ú Tâi-oân Bûn-hoà Hia̍p-hoē ê oa̍h-tāng, mā choè-koè *Tâi-oân Chheng-liân* ê pian-chi̍p. Laū-bú chhut-sì tī Sū-lîm ê tōa-chhù-té (hó-gia̍h lâng-tau). Sú-bêng 5-ê hiaⁿ-tī tang-tiong kan-na i chi̍t-ê lâng toè laū-bó ê sèⁿ-sī. Sú-bêng tha̍k Tâi-pak It-tiong ê sî tio̍h khai-sí piáu-hiān chhut thó-ià Ji̍t-pún ê chêng-sû. 1937 nî i kaù Ji̍t-pún ê Waseda Tāi-ha̍k (早稻田大學) tha̍k chèng-tī-ha̍k. Tī Ji̍t-pún tha̍k-chheh kî-kan, i tha̍k-kòe chin-chōe iú-koan siā-hōe chú-gī kah bû-chèng-hú-chú-gī ê chok-phín. I te̍k-pia̍t kah-ì tha̍k Marx-chú-gī, che kā i chhim-chhim ê khip-ín--tio̍h. Tāi-ha̍k chhut-gia̍p (pit-gia̍p) liáu-āu, i phāu-chhî tio̍h sûn-chin ê siā-hōe chú-gī lí-liām kah kian-koat hóan-tùi tè-kok-chú-gī ê ì-chí, tī 1942 nî ê sî-chūn lâi-kàu Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k, chi-ōan Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng ê khòng-Ji̍t chiàn-cheng. 1947 nî, i chhōa-thâu cho·-sêng 1-ki iok-lio̍k 300-lâng chó-iū ê \"Tâi-ôan tūi\". Chit-pái ê Tāi-lio̍k keng-giām, hō· Sú-bêng thâu-1-pái sán-seng Tâi-to̍k chit-ê siūⁿ-hoat. \n\n1918 nî, kok sī âng-eⁿ-á ê Sú-bêng kah i ê lāu-pē lāu-bú tàu-tīn hip ê siòng.\nSú-bêng khai-sí tùi Tiong-kok kám-kak sit-bōng, sī in-ūi Tiong-kok ê kek-bēng. Hit-ê sî-chūn, i bêng-hián kám-siū tio̍h \"Tiong-kiōng chin to̍k-chhâi\", \"Tiong-kiōng thó·-tē kái-kek, m̄-nā siu thó·-tē, mā thâi-sí tē-chú, tē-chú sí kah chiâⁿ chhi-chhám\". Che í-gōa, tī Tiong-kok ê khòng-Ji̍t chiàn-cheng tang-tiong, Sú-bêng chhin-ba̍k khòaⁿ-tio̍h Tiong-kok-lâng chân-khok ê \"Hàn-jîn chéng-cho̍k-chú-gī\", Tâi-ôan-lâng (peng-á) tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hông phài-óng chiàn-cheng ê siōng chiân-sòaⁿ, hi-seng siōng-kài chōe, Tiong-kiōng thiau-kang iōng \"hun-hòa chèng-chhek\" lâi tùi-thāi Tâi-ôan-lâng, lōng-káu sio-kā, sái-lōng Hō-ló-lâng kah Kheh-lâng oan-ke sio-phah. Chū án-ne, Sú-bêng kā-tiāⁿ ji̍t-āu \"Tâi-ôan-lâng m̄-thang kah Tiong-kok-lâng kiâⁿ chò-hóe\". \n\n1949 nî, tī Tiong-kiōng teh-beh sèng-lī chìn-chêng, Sú Bêng chin bô kán-tan chiah tô-lī Tāi-lio̍k, tò-tńg-khì lī-pia̍t chiong-kīn 10-nî sî-kan ê Tâi-ôan. 1952 nî, Sú Bêng cho·-chit 1-phâng lâng, tī Tâi-pak chhī-gōa chún-pī beh chhì-sat Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k, bô-gî-gō· tāi-chì thê-chêng piak-khang, ko·-put-jî-chiong, Sú Bêng khòaⁿ-phòa kóaⁿ-kín tô-bông khì Ji̍t-pún.\n\nJi̍t-pún liû-lōng-kì\n--------------------\n\nSú-bêng tô-bông kàu Ji̍t-pún liáu-āu, ūi seng-o̍ah só· pek, bat tiàm Ikebukuro (池袋) khui kòe 1-keng miâ hō-chò \"Sin-tin-bī\" (新珍味) ê liāu-lí-tiàm, chò--ê sī sió-pún seng-lí, múi-kang bōe chúi-kiáu, siau-māi (燒賣) kah ló·-mī (卤麵) tō·-3-tǹg. \n\nTú kàu Ji̍t-pún ê sî-chūn, Sú-bêng bat khì kau-pôe tio̍h Tâi-ôan Chheng-liân-siā ê Ông Io̍k-tek sian-siⁿ, i kóng Ông Io̍k-tek sī chi̍t-ê chiâⁿ ū châi-chêng ê lâng. Put-jî-kò, in-ūi kok-lâng ê koan-liām kah tui-kiû ê bo̍k-piau bô-siâng, bô-lōa-kú liáu-āu to̍h sûi-lâng-kiâⁿ ah. 1967 nî 4--go̍eh, Sú-bêng tiàm Tang-kiaⁿ chhòng-li̍p Tâi-ôan To̍k-li̍p Liân-ha̍p-hōe, chham-ka ê thôan-thé pau-koah: \"Tâi-ôan Bîn-chú To̍k-li̍p-tóng\", \"Tâi-ôan Chū-iû To̍k-li̍p-tóng\", \"Tâi-ôan Kiōng-hô-tóng\", \"Tâi-ôan To̍k-li̍p Chiàn-sòaⁿ\" kah \"Tâi-ôan Kong-hōe\". Koh kòe bô-lōa-kú, in-ūi bô-hoat-tō· hia̍p-tiāu Tâi-ôan Chheng-liân To̍k-li̍p Liân-bêng kah Tâi-ôan To̍k-li̍p Chóng-tông-bêng chit-2-ê cho·-chit lâi ka-ji̍p, Liân-ha̍p-hōe choa̋n soan-kò kái-sàn. \n\nTâi-ôan To̍k-li̍p Liân-ha̍p-hōe kái-sàn liáu-āu, Sú-bêng iū-koh tio̍h-chhiú tiû-pī kah cho·-kiàn \"To̍k-li̍p Tâi-ôan-hōe\" (khah phian-hiàng chó-phài sè-le̍k), sêng-ôan iok-lio̍k 70 ê lâng. Chit-ê cho·-chit chú-tiuⁿ \"chú chiàn-tiûⁿ tī (Tâi-ôan) tó lāi\", in chiâⁿ kut-la̍t teh chò iú-koan Tâi-ôan-tó-lāi ê tē-hā kang-chok kah kûn-chiòng oa̍h-tōng. In chham-ú chin chōe Tâi-to̍k ê àn-kiāⁿ, pí-lūn kóng: 1967 nî ê Gân Ín-bô· (顏尹謨) àn, 1974 nî ê Tīⁿ Phêng (鄭評) àn, 1983 nî ê Lô· Siu-it (盧修一) àn kah 1991 nî ê Tân Chèng-jiân (陳正然) àn téng-téng. Siâng-sî, chit-ê cho·-chit koh chhut-pán *To̍k-li̍p Tâi-ôan* chit-hūn cha̍p-chì, tī pò-thâu bêng-khak ê chù-bêng \"Tâi-ôan jîn-bîn kái-hòng kek-bēng tīn-sòaⁿ ki-koan chì\".\n\n*Tâi-oân-lâng 400 Nî Sú*\n------------------------\n\nTî-liáu chèng-tī oa̍h-tāng, Sú-bêng mā iōng chin-chē sî-kan teh siu-chi̍p Tâi-oân le̍k-sú ê chu-liāu. I chêng-aū hoa-hùi 10 nî ê sî-kan, iōng Ji̍t-gí siá *Tâi-oân-lâng 400 nî sú* (Tang-kiaⁿ 音羽書房 1962 nî) chit-pún chheh. Chit-pún chheh ē-sài kóng sī tē-it pún khiā tī Tâi-oân-lâng li̍p-tiûⁿ lâi siá ê Tâi-oân thong-sú. 1980 nî chit-pún chheh ê Hôa-gí pán chhut-pán (Ka-chiu, San Jose: 蓬島文化公司 1980 nî). 1986 nî chhut-pán Eng-gí kán-hoà pán (*Taiwan's 400 Year History: The Origins and Continuing Development of the Taiwanese Society and People*. Washington, DC: Taiwanese Cultural Grassroots Association). Sú-bêng siōng tiōng-iàu ê le̍k-sú-koan sī kiông-tiāu ài àn Tâi-oân lô-khó· tāi-chiòng ê li̍p-tiûⁿ lâi khoàⁿ Tâi-oân siā-hoē kok kai-tōaⁿ ê hêng-sêng kap hoat-tián. Mā ē-sái kóng, sui-jiân Sú-bêng pâi-thek Tiong-kok kiōng-sán-chú-gī, m̄-koh i m̄-bat hòng-khì Marx-chú-gī ê sìn-gióng.\n\nŪi-tio̍h beh siá chit-pún chheh, i tī Ji̍t-pún Kok-hoē Tô·-su-koán kap Tang-kiaⁿ ê Hibiya (日比谷) Tô·-su-koán chaú-chhoē kap Tâi-oân iú-koan ê le̍k-sú chu-liāu. Tī chit-pún chheh ê thâu-sū, i án-ne piáu-sī: \n\n*Lán Tâi-oân-lâng tùi ka-kī ê siā-hoē hoat-tián-sú chin chheⁿ-so·, ē-sài kóng oân-choân bô liáu-kái... In-ūi khiàm-chió tùi Tâi-oân le̍k-sú hoat-tián ê liáu-kái, só·-í pō·-hūn Tâi-oân-lâng (te̍k-pia̍t sī tì-sek hūn-chú) in sim-tiong ê pún-thó· ì-sek, pit-jiân sī hiah-nī-á nńg-chiáⁿ, he̍k-chiá kóng chûn-chāi giâm-tiōng ê khoat-hām. Chit-khoán ê khoat-tiám chō-sêng Tâi-oân kàu-taⁿ iu-gôan bô-hoat-tō͘ pái-thoat 400-gōa-nî ê goā-lâi si̍t-bîn thóng-tī.*\nSú-bêng kā 228-sū-kiāⁿ khòaⁿ-chò Tâi-ôan-lâng tui-kiû to̍k-li̍p ê piáu-hiān hong-sek. Sú-bêng chiong Tâi-ôan ê le̍k-sú kah tn̂g-kî hō· lâng si̍t-bîn thóng-tī khòaⁿ-chò kāng sèng-chit ê chi̍t-chân tāi-chì, i jīn-ûi he sī Tâi-ôan-lâng ūi-siáⁿ-mi̍h beh cheng-chhú to̍k-li̍p ê tiōng-iàu gôan-in. Chit-pún *Tâi-ôan-lâng 400 nî sú* ê chheh, chêng 1980 nî thong-kòe tē-hā kóan-tō ín-ji̍p Tâi-ôan liáu-āu, soah lâi kiò-chhéⁿ tio̍h bōe-chió pún-tó siàu-liân-lâng ê Tâi-ôan ì-sek, iû-kî tùi 228 í-āu chhut-sì ê lâng lâi kóng, chit-pún chheh tùi in ê pang-chān ûn-á sǹg-kóng put-chí-á tōa.\n\nHôe Tâi\n-------\n\nSú Bêng tī 2007 nî--ê Bîn-chìn-tóng pān--ê oa̍t-tāng\nTâi-ôan bîn-chú-hòa liáu-āu, hō· lâng khòaⁿ-chò sī \"chòe-āu 1-ê o·-miâ-toaⁿ\" ê Sú-bêng, chóng-sǹg tī 1993 nî chài-chhù hôe-kàu kò·-hiong Tâi-ôan. Liáu-āu, i cho·-chit sêng-li̍p Tâi-pak Ài-hiong-hōe, Ko-hiông Ài-hiong-hōe chit-khóan ê ki-chân cho·-chit. Che í-gōa, Sú-bêng iu-gôan kè-sio̍k teh thui-sak To̍k-li̍p Tâi-oân Hōe ê chèng-tī lí-liām kah khòng-cheng lō·-sòaⁿ.\n\nSú-bêng tī 2005 nî 3 ge̍h, Tiong-kok phiàn-bīn thong-koè *Hoán-hun-lia̍t Hoat* āu, kap Tâi-tāi--ê ha̍k-seng tī Tâi-tāi hāu-mn̂g chēng-chē khòng-gī. Í-āu kah chi-chhî-chiá tī Thô-hn̂g Ki-tiûⁿ hit-tah-á hun-pia̍t chó͘-tóng khòng-gī Kang Péng-khun (江丙坤) tùi Tiong-kok tńg kap Liân Chiàn khì tùi-hoāⁿ.\n\n2007 nî 12 goe̍h 16 ji̍t, i tài-pēⁿ khì Tâi-oân Thoân-kiat Liân-bêng Li̍p-úi chham-soán-jîn Lîm Chì-ka (林志嘉) kèng-soán chóng-pō͘ sêng-li̍p-hoē.\n\n2009 nî 4 goe̍h 22 ji̍t, chhoā Tâi-oân To̍k-li̍p Soan-thoân Chhia-tūi kap Kong-tâu Hō͘ Tâi-oân Liân-bêng Chhoà Teng-kùi (蔡丁貴) pān--ê \"Bē sóng, chhut-lâi kiâⁿ\" oa̍h-tāng, chū Hêng-chhun kiâⁿ kàu Tâi-pak, soah koh chham-ka 517 Toā Iû-hêng.\n\n2014 nî 3 goe̍h Thài-iông-hoe Ha̍k-ūn chiàm Li̍p-hoat-īⁿ āu, Sú-bêng mā chham-ka koh ián-káng.\n\n2019 nî 9 goe̍h 20 ji̍t, 100 hòe--ê i tī Tâi-pak kòe-sin.\n\nTù-chok\n-------\n\n* 史明 (1962). 台灣人四百年史 Ji̍t-bûn sòaⁿ-téng pán Archived 2005-02-26 at the Wayback Machine..\n* Su Bing, *Taiwan's 400 Year History: The Origins and Continuing Development of the Taiwanese Society and People* (Washington, D.C.: Taiwanese Cultural Grassroots Association, 1986)\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Su Beng*** |\n\n* Website About Su Beng maintained and written by his English Biographer Felicia Lin (Eng-gí)\n* Su Beng's personal (Chinese language) website (Hàn-gí)\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 2341248\n* LCCN: nr93023752\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 6407 3496\n* GND: 172821940\n* SUDOC: 226944409\n* BNF: cb16949153d (data)\n* NLA: 36703736\n* NDL: 00316338\n* CiNii: DA06140487\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Sú-bêng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1348,9123,0.1477584128028061],"infobox":["\n
    Sú Bêng
    \n史明
    \n
    Ia̍p Phok-bûn (葉博文) só· phian ê Hong-iá teng-hé-á: Sú-bêng (荒野孤燈：史明) chit-pún chheh. Chheh bīn-téng sī Sú-bêng khah siàu-liân ê sî-chūn hip ê siòng.
    Chu-chèng [en]
    \nJīm-kî
    2016-nî 11-goe̍h 9-li̍t – 2019-nî 9-goe̍h 20-li̍t
    Chóng-thóng\nChhòa Eng-bûn
    Hù chóng-thóng\nTân Kiàn-jîn
    Kò-jîn chu-sìn
    Chhut-sì\n林朝暉 Lîm Tiâu-hui
    1918 nî 11 goe̍h 9 ji̍t(1918-11-09)
    Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi, Tâi-pak-chiu, Sū-lîm-khu
    Kòe-sin\n2019 nî 9 goe̍h 20 ji̍t (100 hòe)
    Tâi-oân, Tâi-pak-chhī, Taip-ak i-ha̍k tāi-ha̍k pēⁿ-īⁿ [en]
    Kok-che̍k\n
    \n\n
    Chèng-tóng\nBû-tóng-che̍k (1949–2019)
    Other political
    affiliations    		\nTKT (1943–1949)
    Bú-hāu\nWaseda Tāi-ha̍k
    Goā-hō\nOzisan (おじさん)
    Bāng-chām\nSu Beng(史明館) ê Facebook choan-ia̍h
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":9831}} -{"text":"Type of To-kuán hué-tsìnn-phàu [en]{{SHORTDESC:Type of To-kuán hué-tsìnn-phàu [en]|noreplace}}\n**M270 to-kuán hué-tsìnn hē-thóng** (ing-gú: M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System (M270 MLRS)) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok tsong-kah [en] tsū-hîng thui-tsìn to-kuán hué-tsìnn-phàu [en].\n\nM270 MLRS tsong-kah tshia-lióng ê lio̍k-kun ên-sin-hîng sī sú-iōng Bradley tsiàn-tàu tsong-kah-tshia [en] ê té-puânn. Tē-it phue M270 M270 tī 1983-nî kau-hù hōo Bí-kok lio̍k-kun sú-iōng. M270 MLRS tuè-āu hōo kuí-ā-ê Pak-iok kok-ka hām kî-thann kok-ka tshái-iōng. M270 MLRS teh hái-uan tsiàn-tsing tang-tiong thâu-tsi̍t-pái teh Bí-kok ho̍k-i̍k. M270 MLRS í-king sing-kip tsò huat-siā tsè-tō tō-tān.\n\nSuat-bîng\n---------\n\n### Puē-kíng\n\nTī 1970 nî-tāi tshoo-kî, Soo-liân teh hué-tsìnn-phàu hong-bin bîng-hián pí Bí-kok hām Pak-iok pōo-tuī khah-kiông. Soo-liân sú-iōng tāi-liōng tshia-tsài to-kuán hué-tsìnn huat-siā-khì (MRL; pí-jû BM-21) tsìn-hîng hong-tsà ê tsiàn-su̍t kā phah-sǹg iōng kuí-ā tshing ki hué-tsìnn hōo bo̍k-piau khu-i̍k pá-kik, tì-sú khak-pó tsi̍t-kuá-á hué-tsìnn teh tìm-tio̍h ti̍k-tīng bo̍k-piau ê tông-sîsán-sing sim-lí íng-hióng. Sio-pí tsi-hā, Bí-kok phàu-ping koh-khah kah-ì tuā-phàu hîng hué-phàu, in-uī tsia--ê tuā-phàu pí \"khu-i̍k hué-li̍k\" hué-tsìnn-tān ū siong-tuì tsún-khak-sìng lî-tshiánn síng tān-io̍h, tō sī án-ne Bí-kok ê phàu-ping pōo-tuī kan-na tshūn sió-liōng ê jī-tsiàn kū-sik ê hué-tsìnn-phàu.\n\nTī 1973-nî sio̍k-tsuē-ji̍t tsiàn-tsing [en] liáu-āu, tui-tio̍h khing-hiòng tuā-phàu ê sú-iōng sim-thài khai-sí huat-sing piàn-huà, in-uī hué-phàu sún-sit-lu̍t tsiánn-kuân, iû-kî sī tē-tuìkhong tō-tān (SAM) tíng-tíng ê àu-hong khu-i̍k ê bú-khì, í-ki̍p Israel sú-iōng MRL tánn-kik tē-bīn hué-phàu tē-tiám ê iú-hāu tshik-lio̍k. Tsehōo kokok ì-sik tio̍h ná Au-tsiu huat-sing tsiàn-tsing, tsit-tsióng sú-iōng hué-tsìnn-phàu ê king-li̍k king-giām tō-ē teh koh-khah tuā-ē tē-i̍k ê huān-uî lai huat-sing. M270 MLR tio̍h-beh iōng teh kah ti̍k-hong hông-khong hām huán phàu-ping ê hué-li̍k kau-tsiàn, tshui-huí tik-hong tuā-phàu pōo-tuī, uī tē-bīn pōo-tuī thê-kiong kīn kū-lî tsi-uān.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 Foss, Christopher F. pian. (2011). \"Multiple Rocket Launchers\". *Jane's Armour and Artillery 2011–2012* (32nd pán.). London: Janes Information Group. pp. 1122–1127. ISBN 978-0710629609.\n2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Hunnicutt 2015, p. 453.\n3. ↑ \"Lockheed Tests Improved GMLRS Rocket\". *Army technology*. 8 November 2009.\n4. 1 2 The Multiple Launch Rocket System Archived 2018-10-31 at the Wayback Machine.. *Warfare History Network*. 30 October 2018.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* Hunnicutt, Richard Pearce (15 September 2015). \"The Fighting Vehicle System Carrier\". *Bradley: A History of American Fighting and Support Vehicles*. Battleboro, VT: Echo Point Books & Media. pp. 308–318. ISBN 978-1-62654-153-5.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* To-koán hóe-chìⁿ-phàu [en] (To-kuán hué-tsìnn-phàu/Multiple rocket launcher)\n* Niú-le̍k-koáiⁿ hiân-kè [en] (Niú-li̍k-kuáinn hiàn-kè/Torsion bar suspension)\n* CAESAR self-propelled howitzer\n* Buk missile system\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Multiple Launch Rocket System*** |\n\n* British MLRS\n* Designation Systems\n* Diehl BGT—German developer and manufacturer of GMLRS (site in English)\n* Danish M270 MLRS","meta":{"title":"M270 MLRS","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2071,4192,0.4940362595419847],"infobox":["
    M270 to-kuán hué-tsìnn hē-thóng
    \n
    Luī-hîng\nTo-kuán hué-tsìnn-phàu [en]
    Guân-sán-tē\nBí-kok
    Ho̍k-i̍k kì-lo̍k
    Ho̍k-i̍k kî-kan\n1983 – bo̍k-tsiân
    Sú-iōng tsiá\nTsham-ua̍t Sú-iōng-kok
    Tsèn-tsing\n
    Sing-sán li̍k-sú
    Set-kè-tsiá\nLing-Temco-Vought
    Gián-huat li̍t-kî\n1977
    Sing-sán-siong\n
    Sing-sán li̍t-kî\n1980–2003
    Ên-sin tsióng-luī\nM270, M270A1, M270A2, MARS II, LRU, MLRS-I
    Ki-pún tsu-guân
    Tāng-liōng\n52,990 lb (24,040 kg) (combat loaded w/ 12 rockets)
    Tn̂g-tōo\n274.5 in (6.97 m)
    Khuah-tōo\n117 in (3.0 m)
    Kuân-tōo\n102 in (2.59 m) (launcher stowed)
    Sîng-guân\n3
    \n
    Caliber\n227 mm (8.9 in)
    Effective firing range\n
    • M26: 32 km (19.9 mi)
    • M26A1/A2: 45 km (28.0 mi)
    • M30/31: 92 km (57.2 mi)
    \n
    Maximum firing range\n
    • ATACMS: 165 or 300 km (103 or 186 mi)
    \n
    Armor\n5083 aluminum hull, 7039 aluminum cab
    Tsú-iàu kun-pī
    		\nM269 Launcher Loader Module
    E̋n-z̩ín\nCummins VTA-903 diesel engine
    500 hp (373 kW) at 2600 rpm
    600 hp (447 kW) (M270A1)
    Power/weight\n18.9 hp/ST (15.5 kW/t) (M270)
    Hiân-tiàu\nTorsion bar
    Ūn-tsok huān-uî\n300 mi (483 km)
    Siōng-kuân sok-tōo \n40 mph (64.4 km/h)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3651}} -{"text":"\nBí-kok Kok-ka Khoân-kéng Pó-hō͘-kio̍k Kansas-siâⁿ Kho-ki Tiong-sim. Chit-ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t ū í-hā ê le̍k-sek kòng-hiàn: \n \n\n* LEED 2.0 Kim-pâi Jīn-chèng\n* Le̍k-sek lêng-goân\n* Chū-jiân kéng-koan\n\nTechnische Kang-gia̍p Tāi-ha̍k siat-kè ê chi̍t-keng a-jia̍t-tài choân seng-thài kiám-thòaⁿ-sò͘ ê chhù. Kā thài-iông-lêng tòng-chò ûi-it ê lêng-goân, ū lâng kap chū-jiân kiōng-chûn ê koan-tiám\n**Le̍k-sek kiàn-tio̍k** ah-sī **Le̍k kiàn-tio̍k** (Eng-gí: green building) sī chi̍t-khoán tī pún-sin koh-ū i ê sú-iōng ê sèⁿ-miā chiu-kî tang-tiong, phì-jû: soán-chí, siat-kè, kiàn-siat, êng-ūn, ûi-hō͘, hoan-sin, thiah-tû téng-téng ê múi-chi̍t-ê kai-tōaⁿ lóng ū chò-kàu khoân-kéng iú-siān kap chu-goân iú-hāu ūn-iōng ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t. Mā ē-sái kóng, le̍k-sek kiàn-tio̍k tī-leh siat-kè siōng ê bo̍k-te̍k sī beh tī jîn-chō kiàn-tio̍k chham chū-jiân khoân-kéng chi-kan chhōe-tio̍h chi̍t-ê pêng-hêng. Che tio̍h su-iàu siat-kè thoân-tūi, kiàn-tio̍k-su, kang-têng-su hām kheh-hō͘ tī choan-àn ê ta̍k-ê kai-tōaⁿ lāi phòe-ha̍p. Le̍k-sek kiàn-tio̍k ê si̍t-chok tio̍h pó͘-thiⁿ-liáu kó͘-tián kiàn-tio̍k siat-kè tī keng-chè hāu-ek, si̍t-iōng-tek, nāi-iōng-tō͘ chham sù-sī-tō͘ hong-bīn ê put-chiok.\n\nLe̍k-kiàn-tio̍k chí-phiau\n-------------------------\n\nLe̍k-kiàn-tio̍k tī-leh kòe-khì sī kóng, *siau-mô͘ siōng chió ê tē-kiû chu-goân, chè-chō siōng chió ê hùi-khì-bu̍t* ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t, m̄-koh chit-má ê kái-soeh koh-khah khoah: *seng-thài*, *chiat-lêng*, *kiám-hùi*, *kiān-khong* ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t.\n\nSiat-kè goân-chek\n-----------------\n\nLillis Khì-gia̍p Chong-ha̍p Tōa-lâu chiàⁿ-bīn ê piah sī sú-iōng Kiàn-tio̍k chéng-ha̍p thài-iông-lêngê chò-hoat\n* Chún-chat lêng-goân: lī-iōng thài-iông-lêng. Kin-kù chū-jiânthang-hong ê goân-lí lâi siat-tì hē-thóng, hō͘ kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t ē-tàng lī-iōng joa̍h--lâng ê sî ê hong-hiòng.\n* Chún-chat chu-goân\n* Chún-chat chúi chu-goân\n* Hôe-kui Tāi-chū-jiân\n* Sù-sī koh kiān-khong ê seng-oa̍h khoân-kéng\n* Tang-loán-hā-liâng\n\nTa̍k-ê kok-ka he̍k-chiá tē-khu ê jīn-chèng chè-tō͘\n--------------------------------------------------\n\nTiong-hôa Bîn-kok Lōe-chèng-pō͘ Le̍k-kiàn-tio̍k Phiau-chiong 2005 nî pán\n\n| Kok-ka he̍k-chiá Tē-khu | Jīn-chèng Chè-tō͘ |\n| --- | --- |\n|  Bí-kok | LEED, Living Building Challenge (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi), Green Globes (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi), Build it Green |\n|  Eng-kok | BREEAM |\n|  Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok | EEWH |\n|  Ò-chiu | Nabers (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi), Green Star (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi) |\n|  Pa-se | AQUA (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi), LEED Brasil (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi) |\n|  Kha-ná-tah | LEED Canada (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi), Green Globes (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi) |\n|  Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok | GBAS, 綠色建築評價標準 |\n|  Hun-lân | PromisE (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi) |\n|  Hoat-kok | HQE (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi) |\n|  Tek-kok | DGNB (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi) |\n|  Hiong-káng | 綠建環評 BEAM Plus (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi) |\n|  Ìn-tō͘ | GRIHA (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi), TERI, LEED India |\n|  Í-tāi-lī | Protocollo Itaca (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi) |\n|  Hô-lân | BREEAM Netherlands (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi) |\n|  Liú-se-lân | Green Star NZ (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi) |\n|  Phô-tô-gâ | Lider A (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi) |\n|  Sin-ka-pho | 綠標 Green Mark (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi) |\n|  Lâm-hui-kok | Green Star SA |\n|  Se-pan-gâ | VERDE |\n|  Má-lâi-se-a | Green Building Index（GBI） (ia̍h-bīn pī-hūn khiām ê só͘-chāi) |","meta":{"title":"Le̍k-sek Kiàn-tio̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1660,3322,0.4996989765201686],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4025}} -{"text":"Bâ-khang ê ô͘ -hia̍t\n**Bâ-khang** (Hàn. 猫空) tī Tâi-oân Tâi-pak-chhī Bûn-san-khu, í-chá sī Tâi-pak-chhī siōng-tōa ê sán-tê-khu chi-it, tê-khu lāi chin chē kó͘ -tō, tio̍h-sī tong-sî ūi-tio̍h ūn tê-bí khí--ê; bo̍k-chiân sī tê-gē kah iā-kéng ê sèng-tē.\n\nMiâ\n---\n\nBâ-khang chit-ê miâ ê iû-lâi, siōng-chia̍p thiaⁿ-tio̍h ê kóng-hoat sī hia ê hô chhiâng-tio̍h chio̍h-giâm lâi chiâⁿ-chò ô͘ -hia̍t (*pothole*) tē-hêng. Tī Tâi-gí lāi-té, kā bē-pêⁿ ê bīn hō-chò \"niau-bīn\" a̍h-sī \"bâ-bīn\". Tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê *Tâi-oân Pó-tô͘* téng-thâu kì-chài-chò \"猫空\", jî-chhiáⁿ phiau-kì ê hoat-im sī バ―カン.\n\nKóe-chí-bâ\nOng Ka-im chham Chô Bêng-chong jīn-ûi, Bâ-khang kah ô͘ -hia̍t ū khan-liân ê chit-ê kóng-hoat ū sió-khóa-á bián-kióng. Nā chiàu *Tâi-oân Pó-tô͘* só͘ kì-chài ê hoat-im kah chit-ê só͘-chāi ê khoân-kéng lâi khòaⁿ, Bâ-khang eng-kai sī-leh kóng kóe-chí-bâ (bâ) chhut-hiān ê soaⁿ-kheⁿ (khang).\n\nTe̍k-sek\n--------\n\nÙi Bâ-khang Chiong-san-sī hip ê Tâi-pak-chhī iā-kéng\n\n \n\nBâ-khang ê ūi-tì óa Tâi-pak kau-khu, tī Tâi-pak Phûn-tē ê kîⁿ, só͘-í thiⁿ-khì hó ê sî, tī soaⁿ-téng tō ē-tàng khòaⁿ-tio̍h kui-ê Tâi-pak-chhī.\n\nKau-thong\n---------\n\nBâ-khang chhut-ji̍p ê tō-lō͘ chiâⁿ e̍h, Tâi-pak chhī-chèng-hú koat-tēng tī chia khí lám-chhia, ùi 2007 nî 7--goe̍h chhe-4 chèng-sek thong-chhia. Ē-sái ùi Tōng-bu̍t-hn̂g Chām choán Tâi-pak chia̍t-ūn Bûn-ô͘ sòaⁿ, choân-têng phiò-kè 120 kho͘. Bat in-ūi Jungmi Hong-thai chō-sêng tē-16 hō thah-thiāu tē-ki liû-sit kah chin giâm-tiōng, ùi 2008 nî 10--goe̍h chhe-1 thêng-chí chài-kheh, tī 2010 nî 3--goe̍h 26 hoe-ho̍k êng-ūn.\n\nSiong-koan ê ia̍h-bīn\n---------------------\n\n* Bâ-khang Lám-chhia\n* Chí-lâm Kiong\n* Tâi-oân tê bûn-hòa\n* Chí-lâm-kheh\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Kin-kù *廣韻*, \"貓\" ū nn̄g khoán tho̍k-im: chi̍t khoán tha̍k 武瀌切 (tha̍k miâu [苗]), lēng-gōa chi̍t khoán tha̍k 莫交切 (tha̍k mâu [毛]). Tī Tâi-gí lāi-té, 武瀌切 ê im ián-piàn-chò bûn-im ê \"niau\", siá-chò \"貓\"; 莫交切 ê im ián-piàn-chò peh-ōe-im ê \"bâ\", siá-chò \"猫\".\n2. ↑ 臺灣百年歷史地圖. 中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心地理資訊科學研究專題中心.\n3. ↑ 翁佳音; 曹銘宗. *大灣大員福爾摩沙*. ISBN 9789862622766.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 臺北市商業處-商圈介紹-貓空(商圈)Archived 2020-11-16 at the Wayback Machine.\n* 貓空休閒農業區 ê Facebook choan-ia̍h","meta":{"title":"Bâ-khang","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[555,2113,0.2626597255087553],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2547}} -{"text":"**Charis SIL** sī SIL International khai-hoat ê 1 ê tiān-náu jī-hêng. Che sī kin-kù Bitstream Charter ê bô·-á táⁿ-chō chhut-lâi ê, bo̍k-tek sī beh thê-kiong lâng 1 kâi chiâu-chn̂g ê Unicode *serif* jī-hêng, lāi-té pau-koah sè-kan só·-ū ê Lô-má-jī iah-sī Cyrillic jī jī-bó, thang chù-im iah-sī siá jī.\n\nPhēng kî-thaⁿ ê SIL jī-hêng Charis SIL ū kúi-ê-á te̍k-sek. Khah chá-kî ê jī-hêng (khó-pí kóng Doulos SIL) kan-taⁿ ū 1 khoán tāng (*weight*), m̄-koh Charis SIL ū 4 chióng: lô-má-thé (*roman*), chho·-thé, chhu-thé, chho·-chhu-thé. Charis SIL mā sī SIL sak chhut-lâi ê tē 1 ê \"chèng-sek oân-sêng\" ê jī-hêng. Kî-thaⁿ ê jī-hêng chú-iàu sī thê-kiong hō· lâng ka-kang iōng--ê (sui-bóng mā sī thèng-hó ti̍t-chiap iōng).\n\nCharis SIL kap Doulos SIL kāng-khoán, ū chi-oān Graphite, OpenType, kap AAT chiah-ê sian-chìn jī-hêng ki-su̍t.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Charis SIL ē-tàng tùi chia Archived 2008-07-05 at the Wayback Machine. lia̍h (bián-chîⁿ).\n* Charis SIL, chi̍t-khoán hàm-hàm súi ê jī-thé (jī-hêng) (ū kah jī-hêng kiàn-pún)","meta":{"title":"Charis SIL","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[166,978,0.16973415132924335],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1170}} -{"text":"1-poe bì-luh.\n**Bì-luh**, mā siá chò **bih-luh**, ia̍h ū kóng **be̍h-á-chiú** (麥仔酒), sī thong sè-kài siāng kó͘-chá, siāng liû-hêng ê chiú-cheng ím-liāu; mā sī tē-saⁿ liû-hêng ê ím-liāu, pâi tī-leh chúi kap tê ê āu-piah. Bì-luh sī ùi kok-si̍t kek chhut-lâi ê; siāng chia̍p ēng hoat-gê ê tōa-be̍h lâi kek, m̄-koh mā ū ēng be̍h-á, hoan-be̍h ia̍h tiū (bí) lâi kek ê. Tī kek-chiú ê kòe-têng tiong, be̍h-á-chiap lāi ê tiān-hún thn̂g ē choán-hòa chò chiú-cheng kap thòaⁿ-sng páu-hô (*carbonation*), chiâⁿ-chò chòe-āu ê bì-luh. Tōa-pòaⁿ ê hiān-tāi bí-luh lóng sī iōng bí-luh-hoe khì kek--ê; lēng-gōa mā ē lām chi̍t-kóa tiâu-bī-che, chhin-chhiūⁿ chháu-pún si̍t-bu̍t ia̍h-sī kóe-chí. Tī siong-gia̍p ê kek-chiú kòe-têng tiong, chū-jiân thòaⁿ-sng páu-hô chok-iōng it-poaⁿ the̍h kiông-chè thòaⁿ-sng páu-hô lâi chú-tāi.\n\nHiān-tāi bì-luh ê chiú-cheng lông-tō͘ (ABV) it-poaⁿ tī 4% chì 6% tiong-kan, m̄-koh mā ū-khó-lêng tī 0.5% chì 20%, mā ū chhiau-kòe 40% ê. Bì-luh sī chē-chē kok-ka ê bûn-hòa ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, chham chi̍t-kóa siā-hōe thoân-thóng kiat-ha̍p, chhin-chhiūⁿ bì-luh cheh, iáu-koh ū chi̍t-kóa phah-buh bûn-hòa mā chham bì-luh ū-koan.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Bì-luh ê le̍k-sú\n\nKek-chiú\n--------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Kek-chiú\nChè-chō bì-luh ê kòe-têng hō-chò kek-chiú. Choan-bûn teh kek-chiú ê só͘-chāi hō-chò chiú-chhiúⁿ, m̄-koh bì-luh mā ē-tàng tī chhù-lāi ka-kī kek. Tī sian-chìn-kok, kek-chiú siū-tio̍hchèng-hú li̍p-hoat kap khioh-sòe ê kui-hoān; ùi 19 sè-kí bóe-kî khai-sí, tōa-pō͘-hūn ê kek-chiú lóng sī siong-gia̍p-hòa ê. M̄-koh, Eng-kok chèng-hú tī 1963 nî hòng-khoan li̍p-hoat, lo̍h-bóe Ò-tāi-lī-a kap Bí-kok mā hun-pia̍t tòe leh tī 1972 nî kap 1978 nî hòng-khoan; ún-chún tī chhù-lāi ka-kī kek-chiú.\n\nKek-chiú ê bo̍k-tek sī beh kā tiān-hún lâi-goân choán-hòa chò thn̂g-chúi, hō-chò be̍h-chiap (*wort*); lo̍h-bóe chiah koh thàu-kòe kàⁿ-bú hoat-kàⁿ lâi kā be̍h-chiap chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ choán-hòa chò chiú-cheng ím-liāu, iā-chiū-sī bì-luh.\n\nTē-it pō͘ hō-chò thn̂g-hòa (*mashing*), tio̍h sī kā tiān-hún lâi-goân (it-poaⁿ sī be̍h-gê) chham sio chúi lām chò-hóe, chiâⁿ-chò be̍h-chiap. Sio chúi hām chhùi be̍h-gê tī thn̂g-hòa tháng (*mash tun*) lāi-bīn hūn-ha̍p. Thn̂g-hòa ê kòe-têng tāi-iok 1 kàu 2 tiám-cheng; tī chit-ê kòe-têng tiong, tiān-hún choán-hòa chò thn̂g, jiân-āu tiⁿ ê be̍h-chiap hām kok-si̍t hun-lī. Kok-si̍t ē keng-kòe chi̍t ê hō-chò \"phùn-siā\" (*sparging*) ê kòe-têng; chit-ê sé kok-si̍t ê kòe-têng ē-tàng hō͘ bì-luh ùi kok-si̍t tiong siu-chi̍p tio̍h koh-khah chē hoat-kàⁿ ê e̍k-thé. Ùi be̍h-chiap kap phùn-siā e̍k-thé kòe-lī kok-si̍t ê kòe-têng hō-chò \"be̍h-chiap hun-lī\" (*wort separation*). Thoân-thóng ê be̍h-chiap hun-lī kòe-têng sī \"kòe-lī\" (*lautering*); kok-si̍t pún-sin tiō sī kòe-lī kài-chit. Chi̍t-kóa hiān-tāi ê kek-chiú hong-sek sī iōng kòe-lī-khì lâi chò hun-lī ê tōng-chok, án-ne ē-tàng kā iù hún-boa̍h mā kòe-lī hō͘ tiāu.\n\nTōa-pòaⁿ hiān-tāi ê kek-chiú koe-têng lóng kā goân-lâi ê be̍h-chiap kap phùn-siā sé chhut-lâi ê e̍k-thé lām chò-hóe.\n\nSêng-hūn\n--------\n\nHang chìn-chêng ê be̍h-gê\nBì-luh ê ki-pún sêng-hūn sī chúi. Tiān-hún (chhin-chhiūⁿ be̍h-gê).\n\nKek-chiú sán-gia̍p\n------------------\n\nPiàn-hòa\n--------\n\nChhek-liông\n-----------\n\n### Sek-tì\n\n### Kiông-tō͘\n\nHo̍k-bū\n-------\n\nKiān-khong éng-hióng\n--------------------\n\nÊng-ióng chu-sìn\n----------------\n\nSiā-hōe kap bûn-hòa\n-------------------\n\nHòa-ha̍k\n--------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Bì-lu̍h hòa-ha̍k\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ 王順隆 (2005). *台語中日語外來語之聲調與日語音節結構的對應關係*. 2005語文教育國際學術研討會. 南台科技大學.\n2. ↑ Rudgley, Richard (1993). *The Alchemy of Culture: Intoxicants in Society*. London: British Museum Press;. ISBN 978-0714117362.\n3. ↑ Arnold, John P (2005). *Origin and History of Beer and Brewing: From Prehistoric Times to the Beginning of Brewing Science and Technology*. Cleveland, Ohio: Reprint Edition by BeerBooks. ISBN 0-9662084-1-2.\n4. ↑ *World's Best Beers: One Thousand ... - Google Books*. books.google.com. 2009-10-06. ISBN 9781402766947. 2010-08-07 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"Volume of World Beer Production\". *European Beer Guide*. 17 October 2006 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ Max Nelson (2005). *The Barbarian's Beverage: A History of Beer in Ancient Europe*. Routledge. p. 1. ISBN 0-415-31121-7.\n7. ↑ Barth, Roger. *The Chemistry of Beer: The Science in the Suds*, Wiley 2013: ISBN 978-1-118-67497-0.\n8. ↑ \"How Beer Is Carbonated and Why Is Beer Fizzy?\". 31 December 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n9. ↑ \"World's strongest beer reclaimed\". *BBC News*. 2010-02-16. 2015-08-05 khòaⁿ--ê.\n10. ↑ \"Breaking the Home Brewing Law in Alabama\". Homebrew4u.co.uk. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 9 October 2008. 28 September 2008 khòaⁿ--ê.\n11. ↑ \"Roger Protz tries his hand at brewing\". Beer-pages.com. June 2007. 21 September 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.\n12. ↑ ABGbrew.com Archived 2010-06-19 at the Wayback Machine. Steve Parkes, *British Brewing*, American Brewers Guild.\n13. ↑ Goldhammer, Ted (2008), *The Brewer's Handbook*, 2nd ed. Apex, ISBN 978-0-9675212-3-7 pp. 181 ff.\n\nLâi-goân\n* Ian S. Hornsey (2003). *A History of Beer and Brewing*. The Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-630-5.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85012832\n* GND: 4006537-6\n* BNF: cb11965887d (data)\n* HDS: 013991\n* NDL: 00560674\n* NKC: ph137949\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Bì-luh","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1516,4820,0.3145228215767635],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5883}} -{"text":"\n**Tshàm-hûn** (Tshàm-hûn huat-su, Tshàm kong; 1915-nî 11-gue̍h 24-ji̍t－2009-nî 3-gue̍h 7-ji̍t), sio̍k-ka sènn Tsô (曹), huì Huē-bûn (會汶), Tiong-kok tang-pak jîn-sū. Huat-miâ Sîng-khong (成空), hō Sim-gua̍t (心月), tsū-hō Tshàm-hûn (懺雲). Tsing-tshî kài-lu̍t [zh], suan-iông Tsīng-thóo tsong [en] (淨土宗), tshòng-kiàn Liân-in sī (蓮因寺). Sī Tâi-uân Hu̍t-kàu kài tsiânn tshut-miâ ê huat-su, sìn-tsiòng lóng tsun-tshing i uî Tshàm kong (懺公).\n\nSing-pîng\n---------\n\nTshàm-hûn huat-su tshut-sì teh Tiong-kok Tang-pak Hōng-thian síng kah Hân-kok kau-kài ê sóo-tsāi, Ah-lio̍k kan kang-puān An-tong Tsô-sī sè-ka, tio̍h-sī khiā tī kin-á-ji̍t ê Liâu-lîng-síng Tan-tong-tshī. Liáu-āu suá-ki Tāi-liân-tshī. A-kong Tsô Tik-sīng (曹德盛), a-má Iông Tāi-liân (楊大蓮); lāu-pē Tsô Tsùn-bîng (曹駿明, Tsô Kok-tsīng (曹國靖)) pat tam-jīm An-tong siong-bū huē-tiúnn; siok-ka koh-ū tuā-hiann, jī-hiann, tuā-muē Huē-hiân (會賢), sió-muē, sió-tī Huē-tsiong (會漳), Tshàm kong pâi-hâng tē-3. Sió-tī Huē-tsiong pat-teh Suann-tang lông-gia̍p tāi-ha̍k lông-gia̍p huà-ha̍k-hē jīm-kàu, mā ha̍k hu̍t iú-nî.\n\n### Kiû-ha̍k būn-huat\n\nTsiū-to̍k tiong-ha̍k kî-kan, in-uī lāu-pē phuà-pēñ pat puàñ-tn̂g-hioh ha̍k-gia̍p. Tsāi ka sî, tio̍h tsuan-kuàn teh uē sū-lí tôo, uî ji̍t-āu huē-tsè se-hong sam sìng-siōng tiān-tīng ki-tshóo. Iah-pat liû-ha̍k Ji̍t-pún, ha̍k-si̍p bí-su̍t; in-uī lāu-pē pēnn-guî huán-kok suah-lâi tsi̍h-tsām ha̍k-gia̍p. 1938-nî, 24-huè teh Tāi-liân siong-gia̍p ha̍k-tn̂g kui-i Liáu-in (了因) huat-su ha̍k-hu̍t. 1940-nî 26-huè teh Mukden Tsû-un sī (慈恩寺), Siu-ên (修緣) lāu huê-siūñ tsō-hā píng-siū ngóo-kài. 1941-nî, 27-huè í Bông-sam (蒙山) huat-pún si-si̍t (施食) huat-mn̂g uî pún, tshú-āu í Bông-sam uî siông-khò. 1942-nî, 28-huè tang-thinn teh Lîng-suí sī (凌水寺) uî Bîng-lóng (明朗) lāu huê-siūnn sàng tsiong, lāu huê-siūnn lîm-tsiong siong-kò: \"Huē-bûn (會汶): sè-kan kai ké, kip-sok pān-tong it-tshè, tshut-ke siu-hīng! (會汶：世間皆假，急速辦當 一切，出家修行!). 1943-nî, 29-huè king-iû Síng-thim (省琛) lāu huê-siūnn kài-siāu, tsū An-tong tsì Pak-pîng Tsīng-liân sī (淨蓮寺) an-ki.\n\n### Siū Upasampadā\n\n1944-nî, 30-huè tsìn-ji̍p Pak-pîng Tsiu Siok-ka (周叔迦) ki-sū teh Suī-ìng sī (瑞應寺) tshòng-pān tsi Tiong-kok Hu̍t-kàu ha̍k-īnn (1940－1956), kiû-ha̍k 4-nî. Tī 30-huè tsit-nî teh Pak-pîng Kóng-tsè sī (廣濟寺) 出家 siū Upasampadā (具足戒). Lé Sū-puê (澍培) huat-su tsiok-huat (祝髮), huat-miâ Sîng-khong (成空), hō Sim-gua̍t (心月). Tsit-nî kah-sin nî tang-thinn tsiân-óng Kóng-tsè sī (廣濟寺), i Pó-huâ thuân-sîng tē-18 tāi thuân kài huê-siūñ Iông-uān (融緣) huat-su, karma ācārya (羯摩阿闍黎) Iông-tsè (融濟) huat-su, kàu-siū ācārya Tō-guân (道源) huat-su tíng-tíng tāi-tik líng-siū kài-huat. 1948-nî (Bîn-kok 37-nî) khí-tîng lâm-hā tiâu-lé Lîng-pho Ashoka sī (阿育王寺), Soo-tsiu Hân-san sī (寒山寺), Soo-tsiu Pò-kok sī (報國寺), Siōng-hái Tsīng-an sī (靜安寺), Lîng-hái (能海) tāi-su Kim-kong tō-tiûñ tíng-tíng ê sóo-tsāi. Tsit-nî hā-thiñ, tsì Hok-tsiu tshin-tsing Tsû-tsiu (慈舟) tāi-su.\n\n### Tang-tōo Tâi-uân\n\n1949-nî, 35-huè suî Kok-bîn tsìng-hú thiat-thè lâi Tâi-uan. Tī 1956-nî, 42-huè kah tē-tsú teh Tâi-uan Lâm-tâu kuān Poo-lí tìn Kuan-in suañ tah-kiàn Ìn-hông (印弘) bâu-pông, in 87 tsuí-tsai, thóo-tsio̍h pang-lo̍h jî-lai huí-tiāu. 1963-nî, 49-huè hām tē-tsú Sìng-in (性因) huat-su teh Tâi-uân Lâm-tâu kuān Tsuí-lí hiong Tíng-khàm tshun tshòng-kiàn Liân-in sī.\n\n### Tshòng-kiàn tsai-kài ha̍k-huē\n\n1966-nî, khai-pān tāi-tsuan tshing-lian tsai-kài ha̍k-huē (齋戒學會). Muí-nî hân-sú ká kok khai-pān Pat-kuan tsai-kài (八關齋戒) tsi̍t-pái, sú-ká muí-tshù nn̄g-kài, hân-ká muí-tshù tsi̍t-kài. Teh Liân-in sī pān-uân nn̄g-piàn liáu-āu, koh-tsài î-suá kî-thann ê biō-sī kè-sio̍k pān-lí, kî-thann biō-sī ū Ka-gī Gī-tik sī (義德寺), Sin-tik Tshuì-piah-giâm sī (翠壁岩寺), Tiong-li̍k Înn-kong sī (圓光寺) lóng pat pān-kuè Pat-kuan tsai-kài. Tshàm-hûn huat-su tshî-lu̍t sīm-giâm, muí-ji̍t 4-tiám liáu-āu, Liân-in sī put-liû lú-tsiòng, mā bē-tàng lâu lú-tsiòng, iah bē-tàng kuè-mê. In-tshú tsai-kài ha̍k-huē lu-tsiòng pōo uí-thok Lâm-tâu kuān Tik-san tìn Tik-san sī (德山寺), Ka-gī kuānTik-kiā hiong Gī-tik sī (義德寺)、Lâm-tâu kuān Poo-lí tìn Lâm-lîm tsing-sià (南林精舍) tíng sī hia̍p-pān Pat-kuan tsai-kài ua̍h-tāng. Āu-lâi teh Lâm-tâu Poo-lí kiàn-siat Lú-tsiòng Liân-in ha̍k-īnn (蓮音學苑), lú-tsiòng Tsai-kài piān teh tsia pān-lí. Kah kok tāi-tsuan ha̍k-īnn ê Hu̍t-ha̍k siā bi̍t-tshiat kau-liû,ting-ki tīng-kî kú-pān Hu̍t-7.\n\n### Uân-tsi̍k\n\nTshàm-hûn huat-su tī 2009-nî 3-gue̍h 7-ji̍t lîng-sîn 1-tiám, teh Tâi-uan Lâm-tâu kuān Tsuí-lí hiong Tíng-khàm tshun Liân-in sī tsū-tshî liâu uân-tsi̍p, hiáng-siū 94-huè, 3-gue̍h 9-ji̍t tshiáñ Bōng-tsham (夢參) tiúñ-ló hong-kuan, 3-gue̍h 27-ji̍t iû Kó-tshing (果清) lu̍t-su gia̍h hué jhāpita (hué-huà).\n\nKòng-hiàn kah íng-hióng\n-----------------------\n\nTshàm-hûn huat-su tshî kài giâm-kín, \"í kài uî su\" (以戒為師), it-sim suan-iông tsīng-thóo (淨土). \"Lé-hu̍t\" (禮佛) hām \"Hòng bông-san\" (放蒙山) lóng sī muí-ji̍t siu-hīng tsi kong-khò. The̍h-tshiong siōng-liām (誦唸) A-mí-tōo hu̍t (阿彌陀佛) hu̍t-hō, huat-su huē-tsè tsi \"Se-hong sam sìng-siōng\" (西方三聖像) tsong-giâm tshing-lē, uî tsuân-kiû siōng liû-thong tsiá, huat-su siōng-liām tsi \"Lio̍k jī pai hu̍t\" (六字拜佛) ūn-tiau iah-sī kok tō-tiûnn kú-pān Hu̍t-7 tiānn-tiānn sú-iōng, sī Tsīng-thóo tsong (淨土宗) teh Tâi-uân ki̍k-uî tiōng-iàu ê huat-su. Huat-su 30-huè tshut-ke liáu-āu, tsik hîng \"Kuè ngóo put si̍t\" (過午不食) tsi kài-lu̍t, bô tsi̍t-kang thîng-tiāu. Huat-su tuì tē-tsú ê hùn-liān mā sī i-huat \"kái-hîng pīng tiōng\" (解行並重), lî-tshiánn koh-khah kok tāi-ha̍k Hu̍t-ha̍k siā lâi-óng bi̍t-tshiat; teh tō-ín tshing-liân ha̍k hu̍t siōng, kòng-hiàn liâng-to.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 10月18日為懺雲法師農曆生日。 (Hàn-gí)\n2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 懺雲法師,\"懺雲和尚開示錄\"(第1/2/3輯),財團法人佛陀教育基金會,2014年8月. (Hàn-gí)\n3. 1 2 3 懺公上人簡傳 Archived 2016-11-09 at the Wayback Machine. 蓮因寺資訊網\n4. 1 2 寺院丛林,\"莲因寺\"[*biân-uán bô-hāu liân-kiat*],佛教百科.\n5. ↑ 佛陀教育基金會 編輯,\"略述親聞慈舟大師數事\",<慈舟大師法彚>--慈舟大師紀念集,pp.63-66,臺北,財團法人佛陀教育基金會,2014-07.\n6. ↑ 宣化上人講述,\"大乘起信論淺釋\" Archived 2021-08-14 at the Wayback Machine.美國萬佛聖城,1971年. (Hàn-gí)\n7. ↑ 李玉珍,\"雲水不住──曉雲法師的比丘尼典範\" Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine.曉雲法師思想行誼研討會暨第十三屆國際佛教教育文化研討會,台北石碇,2006年10月.\n8. ↑ 蓮因寺,\"蓮因寺聲明啟事\" Archived 2021-08-13 at the Wayback Machine.人間福報,2003.10.27. (Hàn-gí)\n9. ↑ 蓮因寺網路全球念佛共修,\"懺雲法師簡介\"\"存档副本\". goân-loē-iông tī 2009-02-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2010-09-29 khòaⁿ--ê.\n10. 1 2 懺雲法師,\"懺雲法師圓寂\"\"存档副本\". goân-loē-iông tī 2011-07-21 hőng khó͘-pih. 2009-03-22 khòaⁿ--ê. ,Yahoo!奇摩部落.\n11. 1 2 眾善奉行．日起有功,\"迴向懺雲法師成就正覺\" Archived 2015-12-23 at the Wayback Machine.台大獅子吼佛學專站. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Nirvana\n* Tiong-kok huat-ha̍k-īnn (中國佛學院)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 懺公上人簡傳\n* 蓮因寺資訊網Archived 2018-05-25 at the Wayback Machine. (Hàn-gí)\n* 蓮因寺網路全球念佛共修 (Hàn-gí)\n* 懺公上人簡傳 (Hàn-gí)\n* 佛學多媒體資料庫 > 演講錄音 > 懺雲法師Archived 2019-06-14 at the Wayback Machine. (Hàn-gí)\n* YouTube YouTube téng ê **(05)上人超度父母之因緣－懺雲老和尚** ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ (Hàn-gí)\n* YouTube YouTube téng ê **懺公上人與夢參長老座談** ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ (Hàn-gí)\n* 蓮因寺: 釋經律論Archived 2021-08-13 at the Wayback Machine. (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chhàm-hûn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1752,7232,0.24225663716814158],"infobox":["
    Tshàm-hûn
    \n
    Tshàm kong 91-huè sî sóo-hip
    Kò-jîn chu-sìn
    Chhut-sì\n1915 10-gue̍h 18
    Tiong-kok Andong síng [en]
    Koè-sin\n2009 nî 3 goe̍h 7 ji̍t (93 hòe)
    Tâi-uân Lâm-tâu kuān Tsuí-lí hiong
    Chong-kàu\nHu̍t-kàu
    Ha̍k-phài\nVinaya [en], Tsīng-thóo tsong [en], Siân-tsong
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8052}} -{"text":"तेरा सर तन से जुदा हुआ मादरचोद dinesh कालिया कुत्ता तेरी बीवी और बेटी के पास पास चोद चोद कर मार्डिया मादरचोद dinesh तेरी बेटी को चोद चोद कर मारडाला मादरचोद dinesh तेरा सर तन से जुदा हुआ मादरचोद dinesh तेरा सर तन से जुदा हुआ मादरचोद dinesh कालिया कुत्ता तेरी बीवी और बेटी के पास पास चोद चोद कर मार्डिया मादरचोद dinesh तेरी बेटी को चोद चोद कर मारडाला मादरचोद dinesh तेरा सर तन से जुदा हुआ मादरचोद dinesh कालिया कुत्ता तेरी बीवी और बेटी के पास पास चोद चोद कर मार्डिया मादरचोद dinesh तेरी बेटी को चोद चोद कर मारडाला मादरचोद dinesh तेरा सर तन से जुदा हुआ मादरचोद तेरा सर तन से जुदा हुआ मादरचोद dinesh कालिया कुत्ता तेरी बीवी और बेटी के पास पास चोद चोद कर मार्डिया मादरचोद dinesh तेरी बेटी को चोद चोद कर मारडाला मादरचोद dinesh तेरा सर तन से जुदा हुआ मादरचोद dinesh तेरा सर तन से जुदा हुआ मादरचोद dinesh कालिया कुत्ता तेरी बीवी और बेटी के पास पास चोद चोद कर मार्डिया मादरचोद dinesh तेरी बेटी को चोद चोद कर मारडाला मादरचोद dinesh तेरा सर तन से जुदा हुआ मादरचोद dinesh कालिया कुत्ता तेरी बीवी और बेटी के पास पास चोद चोद कर मार्डिया मादरचोद dinesh तेरी बेटी को चोद चोद कर मारडाला मादरचोद dinesh तेरा सर तन से जुदा हुआ मादरचोद तेरा सर तन से जुदा हुआ मादरचोद dinesh कालिया कुत्ता तेरी बीवी और बेटी के पास पास चोद चोद कर मार्डिया मादरचोद dinesh तेरी बेटी को चोद चोद कर मारडाला मादरचोद dinesh तेरा सर तन से जुदा हुआ मादरचोद dinesh तेरा सर तन से जुदा हुआ मादरचोद dinesh कालिया कुत्ता तेरी बीवी और बेटी के पास पास चोद चोद कर मार्डिया मादरचोद dinesh तेरी बेटी को चोद चोद कर मारडाला मादरचोद dinesh तेरा सर तन से जुदा हुआ मादरचोद dinesh कालिया कुत्ता तेरी बीवी और बेटी के पास पास चोद चोद कर मार्डिया मादरचोद dinesh तेरी बेटी को चोद चोद कर मारडाला मादरचोद dinesh तेरा सर तन से जुदा हुआ मादरचोद","meta":{"title":"Ìn-tō͘ Kok-ka Gîn-hâng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1341,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1673}} -{"text":"Nikki Haley (2017)\n**Nimrata \"Nikki\" Haley** (goân-sèⁿ **Randhawa**, 1972 nî 1 goe̍h 20 ji̍t chhut-sì ) sī Bí-kok ê chèng-tī-ka. I sī Bí-kok tē-29-ê Liân-ha̍p-kok Tāi-sài. Cha-chêng Haley mā pat chò South Carolina chiu ê chiu-tiúⁿ.\n\nChhut-sin\n---------\n\nHaley chhut-siⁿ ê hō-miâ sī Nimrata Randhawa, i sī Ìn-tō͘-hē Bí-kok-lâng Sikh ka-têng chhut-sin. I chhut-sì ê só͘-chāi sī South Carolina ê Bamberg chng. I-ê lāu-bú Raj Kaur Randhawa sī Ìn-tō͘ Delhi Tāi-ha̍k hoat-lu̍t ha̍k-ūi chut-gia̍p--ê, lāu-pē Ajit Singh Randhawa sī goân Punjab Lông-gia̍p Tāi-ha̍k ê kàu-siū; in goân-té sī tòa tī Punjab ê Amritsar tē-hng.\n\nChū Randhawa sian-siⁿ tit tio̍h British Columbia Tāi-ha̍k ê chióng-ha̍k-kim, in âng-bó͘ chiō sóa kòe Canada. Haley ê lāu-pē the̍h tio̍h PhD ha̍k-ūi liáu-āu, chiah koh sóa kui-ke khì South Carolina, tī hia chò Voorhees College ê kàu-siū. Nā Haley ê a-bú ū the̍h kàu-io̍k ê sek-sū, koh tī Bamberg ê kong-li̍p ha̍k-hāu kà 7 tang e chheh, tè-bé tī 1976 nî, khui chi̍t keng saⁿ-á-khò͘ kong-si, hō chò Exotica International.\n\n12-hòe Haley to̍h khai-sí tī in a-bú ê ho̍k-chong-tiàm tàu kì-siàu. 1989 nî, i tùi Orangeburg Ū-pī Ha̍k-hāu (*Orangeburg Preparatory Schools*) chut-gia̍p. I tè-bé koh tī Clemon Tāi-ha̍k tit tio̍h hōe-kè ê ha̍k-sū ha̍k-ūi.\n\nChá-sî sū-gia̍p\n---------------\n\nTāi-ha̍k chut-gia̍p liáu-āu, Haley ji̍p FCR Corporation, chi̍t keng hòe-khì-bu̍t chhù-lí kiam hôe-siu kong-si, āu--lâi koh ka-ji̍p in tau ê ho̍k-chong sū-gia̍p Exotica International. Té-bé chò ka kong-si ê chi-phòe-chiá (*controller*) kap châi-bū-tiúⁿ (*chief financial officer*).\n\n1998 nî, Haley siū jīm-bēng chò Orangeburg Kūn (*Orangeburg County*) Siong-hōe (*Chamber of Commerce*) ê táng-sū. 2003 nî ê sî i koh khì chò Lexington siâⁿ ê siong-hōe táng-sū.\n\nChèng-tī sū-gia̍p\n-----------------\n\n2004 nî, Haley chham-soán South Carolina Chiòng-gī-īⁿ (*House of Representatives*) gī-oân, tāi-piáu Lexington Kūn ê 87 Soán-khu. Chho͘-soán iâⁿ kòe chāi-jīm ê Larry Koon liáu-āu, bô tùi-chhiú ê chêng-hêng tòng-soán gī-oân ūi. 2006 kap 2008 nî iū koh liân-jīm nn̄g kái.\n\n2010 nî 11 goe̍h 2 hō, Haley tòng-soán South Carolina ê chiu-tiúⁿ. 2014 nî koh liân-jīm. Goân-lâi chiu-tiúⁿ ê ūi 2019 nî chiah soah, chóng-sī i 2017 nî 1 goe̍h 24 thè-chit khì chò Bí-kok ê Liân-ha̍p-kok tāi-sài.\n\nSu-jîn seng-oa̍h\n----------------\n\n1996 nî 9 goe̍h, Nikki Randhawa kap Michael Haley kiat-hun. \n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 187223623\n* LCCN: n2011073564\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 3994 7865\n* GND: 1121631797\n* BIBSYS: 1560508703629\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Nikki Haley","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[122,2300,0.05304347826086957],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2848}} -{"text":"\n**Jī-ji-pat Sū-kiāⁿ**/**Jī-jī-pat Toā-tô͘-sat** (228 Sū-kiāⁿ), piáu-bīn-siōng khòaⁿ-khì-lâi sī chi̍t-tiûⁿ 1947 nî 2 go̍eh 27 hoat-seng tī Tâi-pak ê koaⁿ-bîn kiu-hun, sī kong-bē-kio̍k cha-chi̍p-oân chhú-tē cháu-su hun sò ín-khí. M̄-koh, sū-kiāⁿ ê pok-hoat ū i pōe-āu ê gôan-im. Ki-pún-siōng ē-sái khòaⁿ-chò sī chāi-tē ê tâi-ôan-lâng kap kok-bîn-chèng-hú phài-lâi chiap-siu Tâi-ôan ê gōa-séng-lâng ê chi̍t-tiûⁿ chok-kûn chhiong-tu̍t. 228 Sū-kiāⁿ ê hoat-seng, tùi āu-lâi Tâi-ôan tok-li̍p ūn-tōng ū chin-tōa ê éng-hióng.\n\nSū-kiāⁿ ê keng-kè\n-----------------\n\n1947 nî 2 go̍eh 27 ji̍t, *Tâi-ôan-séng Choan-bē-kio̍k* ê cha-chı̍p-oân Pò͘ Ha̍k-thong (傅學通) la̍k lâng kap 4 ê kéng-chhat, tī Tâi-pak-chhī lâm-kiaⁿ-se lō͘ ê *Thian-má Tê-pâng* (Hiān-chhú-sî ê Iân-pêng-pak-lō͘) thâu-chêng, chau-that bē su-hun ê sì-cha̍p hè kóaⁿ-hū Lîm-kang Māi (林江邁), tī sio-chìⁿ è kòe-têng-tiong, Lîm hū-jîn-lâng hō͘ chhèng phah-tio̍h thâu-khak lâu-hoeh, piⁿ-a ê cha-bó-kiáⁿ mā kiaⁿ-ka leh háu. Khòaⁿ-tio̍h ê chhī-bîn khì-phut-phut, soah ka cha-chı̍p-oân pau-khì--lâi. Pò͘ cha-chı̍p-oân kap chò-hóe ê lâng khui chhèng kèng-kò, put-hēng gō͘-sat tu-hó tī lâu-kha khòaⁿ-lāu-jia̍t ê chhī-bîn Tân Bûn-khe (陳文溪). Lia̍h-kông ê kûn-chiòng tī hit mî sui-sî ka kèng-chhat-kio̍k pau-khì--lâi, iau-kiû ài pān hiong-chhiú, m̄-koh lóng bô tit-tio̍h móa-ì ê tap-àn. Tē jī kang khai-sí, Tâi-pak-chhī pā-kang, pā-chhī, chèng-lâng hiòng *Hêng-chèng Tiúⁿ-koaⁿ Kong-sū* (行政長官公署) chhéng-gōan, sī-ui. Chin put-hēng koh hoat-seng kong-sū ê ùi-peng khui-chhèng, chò-sêng siong-bông, bîn-chióng ê sim-chêng lú-lâi-lú kek-hùn. Tio̍h án-ne, àn 3 go̍eh chhe it khí, po̍k-hoat chôan-tó-sèng ê hóan-khòng chèng-hú sū-kiāⁿ.\n\nSiū-kì ê kûn-chiòng chū-chi̍p tī Tâi-pak-chhī chhī tiong-sim.\nChi̍t-kóa lân-san ê po̍k-tōng bô-sǹg, chia-ê hóan-khòng sū-kiāⁿ ē-sái kóng chú-iàu àn nn̄g-tōa lō͘-sòaⁿ leh kiâⁿ: Tē it-chióng sī *Chèng-tī kau-sia̍p lō͘-sòaⁿ*; tē jī-chióng sī *Bú-chong khòng-cheng lō͘-sòaⁿ*. Tī chi̍t-hong-bīn, Tâi-pak kap kî-tha só͘-chāi ê bîn-ì tāi-piáu kap siā-hōe miâ-liû, sū-sin, hun-hun cho͘-sêng **Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ Chhú-lí Úi-ôan-hōe** (kán-chheng **Chú-úi-hōe**) kap Hêng-chèng tióng-koaⁿ Tân Gî (陳儀) hia̍p-siong, tâm-phòaⁿ, jī-chhiáⁿ tùi Tâi Gî thê-chhut tāi-pó͘ tham-koaⁿ hùi-tû Hêng-chéng-tióng-koaⁿ Kong-sū, si̍t-hêng chū-tī, tī hêng-chèng, su-hoat, kun-sū kok hong-bīn iōng Tâi-ôan-lâng téng-téng ê iau-kiû. Lēng-gōa chi̍t-bīn, tī Tâi-tiong, Ka-gī, Táu-la̍k, Ko-hiông, Hoa-liân chia-ê só͘-chāi, chhut-hiān chi̍t-kóa bîn-kan le̍k-liōng khai-sí siu-kiáu chhèng-ki, cho͘ bîn-peng, iōng bú-le̍k khòng-cheng. Tiong-ng siōng chhut-miâ ê sī chêng Tâi-kiōng léng-siù Siā Soat-hông tī Tâi-tiong ê *27 Pō͘-tūi*.\n\nJī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ ê goân-hiong\n------------------------------\n\nJī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ tī Tâi-oân it-tit sī bē-sái thó-lūn ê tê-bok, kàu 1987 nî chiah ū lâng káⁿ kong-khai thó-lūn. Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ ê goân-hiong mā lóng bô lâng káⁿ kóng.\n1987 nî Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ 40 chiu-nî, iû Tīⁿ Lâm-iông (鄭南榕) Tân Éng-heng (陳永興) kap Lí Sèng-hiông (李勝雄) téng lâng só͘ hoat-khì ê Jī-jī-pat Kong-gī-hô-pêng ūn-tōng, Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ chiah ē-tàng kong-khai thó-lūn. Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ ê chek-līm būn-tê it-tit lóng bô lâng káⁿ kóng. Tī 1947 nî IûⁿLiàng-kong (楊亮功) kap Hô Hàn-bûn (何漢文) ê pò-kò kóng Sū-kiāⁿ sī Tâi-oân ê po̍k-bîn lâi chò-sêng ê. Kong-gī-hô-pêng ūn-tōng chhui-sak liáu-āu tī 1992 nî Hêng-chèng-īⁿ ê Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ tiâu-cha pò-kò chiū bô kóng sī 「po̍k-bîn」lo͘h. 2003 nî iû Châi-thoân-hoat-lîn Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ Kì-liām Ki-kim-hoē lâi chò Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ ê chek-līm kui-siok bûn-tê. Kin-kú kong-khai ê chu-liāu kap siū-lān-chiá ka-sio̍k ê chhái-hóng, Tī 2005 nî oân-sêng pò-kò chí chhut: Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ ê goân-hiong (choè-toā chek-līm-chiá) sī Kok-bîn-chèng-hú Chú-sek Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k (蔣介石).\n\nJī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ ê éng-hióng\n-----------------------------\n\nHit tong-sî tī Liân-ha̍p-kok ho̍k-bū ê Dr. M. Ottsen tī Tâi-lâm chhin ba̍k-chiu khòaⁿ-tio̍h Kok-bîn-tóng ê kun-tūi tī chúi-lêng-chhia téng kè-siat ki-koan-chhèng\nKin-kù Lí Siáu-hong (李筱峰) ê gián-kiù, tī chit-pái sū-kiāⁿ chi-tiong, bô-lūn sī chèng-tī kau-sia̍p lō͘-sòaⁿ, iah-sī bú-chong khòng-cheng lō͘-sòaⁿ, in thê-chhut ê sò͘-kiû, ka-nā kàu *Ko-tō͘ chū-tī* niā-niā. Tī kok-ka jīn-tông chit-iân, ki-pún-siōng iû-gôan í Tōa Tiong-kok, pēng-bô *Tâi-ôan To̍k-li̍p* ê iau-kiû. M̄-koh, tī chit-pái ê sū-kiāⁿ liáu-āu, in-ùi Kok-bîn-tóng chèng-hú chân-khok-ê thâi-sí chin-chē Tâi-ôan-lâng, tâi-ôan-lâng kap tiong-kok-lâng keh-hek na lâi na chhim. Tâi-ôan-lâng siūⁿ-beh tui-kiû ka-kī chi̍t-ê to̍k-li̍p kok-ka ê siūⁿ-hoat, soah chiām-chiām sán-seng. Ē-sái kóng, Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ sī Tâi-oân to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng ê khí-tiám. Bí-kok ha̍k-chiá Meisner bat án-ne piáu-sī: \"Jī-jī-pat chit-ê sū, m̄-nā sī hái-gōa liû-bông ê Tâi-ôan to̍k-li̍p thôan-thé ê kháu-hō, jī-chhiaⁿ sī chi̍t-ê hòan-khí só͘-ū Tâi-ôan-lâng kó-jîn pi-chhám keng-giām ê chi̍t-ê 象徵.\" Tâi-ôan chok-ka Lí Kiâu (李喬) mā bat án-ne piáu-sī:\n\nJī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ sī Tâi-ôan le̍k-sú téng-koân, sí-siong siōng chē siōng pī-chhám, éng-hióng siōng tōa, siōng chhim ê le̍k-sú sū-kiāⁿ. **Jī-jī-pat** í-kēng piàn-chò Tâi-ôan-lâng kiōng-tông ê ok-bāng, cho̍k-kûn kiōng-tông ê chhiâm-ì-sek; Tâi-ôan-lâng ê ì-sek, cheng-sîn, chêng-chhò, jîn-kang hêng-siāng, jîn-seng lí-sióng, gē-su̍t chhòng-chò, kè-ta̍t-koan téng-téng, lóng ún-ún pau-ū **Jī-jī-pat** ê in-sò͘ chāi-lāi.\n\nJī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ ê siū-lān-chiá\n--------------------------------\n\n* Lîm Bō͘-seng\n* Lô͘ Péng-khim\n* Ńg Tiâu-ji̍t\n* Ông Io̍k-lîm\n* Ông Thiam-teng\n* Tân Him\n* Tân Têng-pho\n* Tiuⁿ Chhit-lông\n* Tiuⁿ Chong-jîn\n* Tiuⁿ Kó-jîn\n* Thng Tek-chiong\n* Ngô͘ Hông-kî\n* Si Kang-lâm\n* Sòng Bûn-jû\n* N̂g Tiâu-seng\n* Ngô͘ Kim-liān\n* Ko It-seng\n* Chhî Chhun-kheng\n* Tân Ó\n* Lí Jîn-kuì\n* Iûⁿ Goân-teng\n* Kué Chiong-hoân\n* Khó͘ Siah-khiam\n* Lí Suī-hàn\n* Lîm hiok-pîn\n* Lîm Liân-chong\n* N̂g Má-tián\n* Tiuⁿ Îng-chong\n* Tân Ho̍k-chì\n* Phoan Bo̍k-ki\n* Siau Tiâu-kim\n* N̂g Sù\n* Ông Chio-teng\n* Iap Chhiu-bo̍k\n\n...téng-téng\n\nGoā-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***228 Incident of Taiwan, 1947*** |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh89004337\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[710,6094,0.11650804069576633],"infobox":["
    Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ
    \nJī-jī-pat Toā-tô͘-sat
    \n\"\"
    Sî-kan\n1947 nî 2 goe̍h 27 ji̍t－5 goe̍h 16 ji̍t
    Tē-tiám\n
    Tâi-oân
    Chhiong-tu̍t-hong
    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    \nTâi-oân khòng-gī-chiá
    \nTiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chèng-hú
    Sí-siong
    \n\n\n\n
    \n5,000–28,000
    \n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7057}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\n**Bân-lâm-gú**/**Bân-lâm-gí** (Hàn-jī: 閩南語) sī Hàn-gí-cho̍k Bân-gí-chi ê chit-châng tōa chhiū-châng ê chi̍t ki chhiū-oe, sī siōng-kài ū éng-hiáng-la̍t ê Bân-gí gí-giân. Kóng-gī ê Bân-lâm-gú hun-pò͘ hōan-ûi chiâⁿ-khoah, chú-iàu thong-hêng tī Hok-kiàn lâm-pō͘ ê Chiang-chiu, Chôan-chiu, Ē-mn̂g; Tâi-ôan; Kńg-tang Tiô-chiu, Sòaⁿ-thâu tē-khu, Lûi-chiu pòan-tó; Hái-lâm-tó; Chiat-kang-séng lâm-pō͘ ê Chhong-lâm-kōan, Pêng-iông-kōan, Tōng-thâu-kōan; Hok-kiàn sai-pō͘ Lêng-nâ (龍巖) ê chhī-khu kah Chiang-pêng-kōan; Hok-kiàn tang-pak-pō͘ ê Hok-tiáⁿ-chhī; Tang-lâm-a chi̍t-kóa-á kok-ka kah tē-khu.\n\nNā phó͘-thong-sî lâng kóng *Bân-lâm-gú*, he thàu-té sī leh kóng Hok-kiàn lâm-pō͘ Chôan-Chiang-Hā tē-khu kah Tâi-ôan chit-tah ê gí-giân. \n\nKè-khì tī Tiong-kok Chheng-tiâu ê sî-tāi, Se-iûⁿ lâng kā Bân-lâm-gú kiò-chòe *Amoy* (che sī Eng-gú, sī *Ē-mûi* ê piàn-im). Tī tang-lâm-a, Bân-lâm-gú hō͘-lâng kiò-chòe \"Hokkien\" (Hok-kiàn-oē ê ì-sù), tī Tâi-ôan kiò-chò *Ho̍h-ló-ōe*, Tâi-oân-oē, Tâi-gú. Tī Hiong-káng mā kiò Ē-gú (Ē-mn̂g-oē ê ì-sù).\n\nBân-lâm-gú hoat-gôan-toē (siāng gôan-thâu ê só͘-chāi) si Hok-kiàn lâm-pō͘ ê Ē-mn̂g, Chiang-chiu kah Chôan-chiu chit saⁿ ê só͘-chāi. \n\nĒ-mn̂g-ōe kah Tâi-ôan-ōe hō͘ lâng kong-jīn sī Bân-lâm-gú ê phiau-chún. Tī Hái-lâm, iōng Bûn-chhiong-oē chòe tāi-piáu.\n\nHō-miâ\n------\n\nKóng--khí-lâi sī kāng chi̍t chióng gú-giân, put-jî-kò tī bô-kâng ê hiuⁿ-lí, hōan-sè to̍h ū bô-kâng ê miâ-chheng. Hiān-chú-sî, tī Hok-kiàn, lâng thàu-té kā kiò-chòe \"Bân-lâm-gú / Bân-lâm-ōe\", ū-tang-sî-á ka-kī lâng tùi ka-kī lâng mā kóng \"Lán-lâng-ōe\". Tī Tang-lâm-a, thàu-té kā kiò-chòe Hok-kiàn-ōe, m̄-koh tiàm Hui-lu̍t-pin mā chhêng-chāi ū leh kóng \"Lán-chhù-ōe\". Tâi-ôan ê kóng-hoat siōng-kài chōe, ū \"Tâi-gí\", \"Ho̍h-ló-ōe\", \"Bân-lâm-gí\" chōe-chōe chióng. Tong-jiân, kāng-khóan mā-sī ū lâng kóng \"Lán-chhù-ōe\".\n\nTâi-oân ū chē-chē lâng jīn-ûi Tâi-gí m̄-sī Bân-lâm-gí. In jīn-ûi hiān-chú-sî ê Tâi-gí hām Hok-kiàn Bân-lâm-gí sī nn̄g chióng bô siô-siâng ê gí-giân. Chú-tiuⁿ chit-hāng koan-tiám ê lí-iû sī:\n\n1. Tâi-gí í-keng lām-chham tio̍h chiâⁿ chōe gōa-lâi gí-giân, te̍k-pia̍t sī Ji̍t-pún-oē ê gí-sû.\n2. Hok-kiàn-oē kòe Tâi-oân saⁿ-sì-pah tang--ah. Tâi-oân-oē ti̍t-thàu leh piàn-hòa, piàn kah chham Hok-kiàn bô siô-siâng.\n3. Bōe-chió chú-tiuⁿ Tâi-oân to̍k-li̍p kiàn-kok ê lâng àn chèng-tī ê kak-tō͘ leh khó-lū. In kiông-tiāu Tâi-oân hôan Tâi-oân, Tiong-kok hôan Tiong-kok; hî hôan hî, hê hôan hê, ài pun chheng-chhó.\n\nKó͘ Hàn-gú ê sêng-hun\n---------------------\n\n### Chú-im\n\nBân-lâm-gú ê chú-im (siaⁿ-bó) ti̍t-chiap kè-sêng Siōng-kó͘ Hàn-gú (上古漢語) ê siaⁿ-bó hē-thóng, tī chit hong-bīn lâi kóng, Bân-lâm-gú pēng bô siū-tio̍h Tiong-kó͘ sî-kî Hàn-gú-hē gú-im ián-piàn ê éng-hiáng. Hiān-chú-sî, lâng phó͘-piàn jīn-ûi Siōng-kó͘ Hàn-gú ū 19 ê siaⁿ-bó. Àn-chiàu thôan-thóng ê Bân-lâm-gú si̍p-ngó͘-im (十五音) lâi hun-sek, hoat-hiān Bân-lâm-gú ê siaⁿ-bó ū 15 ê, iā-to̍h-sī kóng Siōng-kó͘ Hàn-gú 19 ê, Bân-lâm-gú kā pó-liû 15 ê.\n\nSiōng-kó͘ Hàn-gú ū chi̍t-kóa-á te̍k-tiám:\n\n① Bô khin-tûn-im (\"Kó͘ bû khin-tûn\");\n\n② Bô chi̍h-téng-im (\"Kó͘ bû sia̍t-siōng-im\");\n\n③ Kāu chi̍h-á-im (\"Kó͘ to sia̍t-im\").\n\nChiah-ê tiōng-iàu ê kó͘-tāi Hàn-gú gú-im hiān-siōng, Bân-lâm-gú kā pó-chûn kah chiâⁿ hó-sè, taⁿ lâi tùi-èng téng-kôan Siōng-kó͘ Hàn-gú ê te̍k-tiám, chi̍t-tiâu chi̍t-tiâu lâi hun-sek:\n\n① Bân-lâm-gú kā hui-chó͘ (非組) kah pang-chó͘ (幫組) tha̍k kāng im (to̍h-sī siaⁿ-bó tha̍k kāng im), pí-lūn kóng \"飛\" tha̍k [pue˦˦] / [pe˦˦], \"蓬\" tha̍k [pʰaŋ˨˦], \"吠\" tha̍k [pui˨˨], \"微\" tha̍k [bi˨˦];\n\n② Ti-chó͘ (知組) Bân-lâm-gú ê tha̍k-hoat hām toan-chó͘ (端組) sio-siâng, pí-lūn \"豬\" tha̍k [ti˦˦] / [tu˦˦] / [tɯ˦˦], \"醜\" tha̍k [tʰiu˥˧], \"程\" tha̍k [tʰiŋ˨˦];\n\n③ Bân-lâm-gú kā chiâⁿ chōe chiong-chó͘ (章组) ê jī tha̍k chòe kah toan-chó͘ kāng-khóan, chhan-chhiūⁿ \"唇\" tha̍k [tun˨˦], \"振\" tha̍k [tin˥˧], \"召\" tha̍k [tiau˨˨], \"注\" tha̍k [tu˨˩].\n\n### Bó-im kah siaⁿ-tiāu\n\nBân-lâm-gú ê bó-im kah siaⁿ-tiāu thé-hiān Tiong-kó͘-im (中古音) ê te̍k-tiám. Bó-im lâi kóng, Bân-lâm-gú ôan-chéng pó-chûn Tiong-kó͘-im 6 ê hú-im-ūn ūn-bóe, kî-tiong [-p̚], [-t̚], [-k̚] sī sat-im (塞音), [-m], [-n], [-ŋ] sī phīⁿ-im.\n\nSiaⁿ-tiāu hong-bīn, Tiong-kó͘-im \"piâⁿ, sióng, khì, ji̍p\" pun im-iông ê te̍k-tiám chôan-pō͘ tī Bân-lâm-gú lāi-té tit-tio̍h thé-hiān. Chiang-chiu-khiuⁿ ū \"im-piâⁿ, im-sióng, im-khì, im-ji̍p, iông-piáⁿ, iông-khì, iông-ji̍p\" 7 ê tiāu; Chôan-chiu-khiuⁿ ū iông-sióng-tiāu.\n\n### Sû-gú\n\nChit-chūn Bân-lâm-gú ê sû-gí ū chiâⁿ chōe sio̍k-î Kó͘-Hàn-gú ê sêng-hūn, siōng kó͘-chá ē-tàng khan khì kàu Chhun-Chhiu, Chiàn-kok ê nî-tāi, pí-lūn kóng Bân-lâm sio̍k-gú \"Ji̍t--sî cháu-phā-phā, àm--sî tiám teng-la̍h.\" Chit lāi-tóe ê \"la̍h\" to̍h-sī hit-ê sî-tāi ê giân-gí. *Si-keng (詩經) Siáu-ngá (小雅) Sìn-lâm-san (信南山)*: \"Chip kî loân to, í khé kî mô͘, chhú kî hiat liâu. (執其鸞刀, 以啟其毛, 取其血膋.)\" Koh pí-lūn kóng \"saⁿ-khò͘\", \"lâng-kheh\", \"thàn-chîⁿ\", \"bîn-chhn̂g\", \"chiaⁿ-bah\", \"kún-chúi\" téng-téng lóng-sī Tông, Sòng í-lâi Kó͘-Hàn-gú ê iōng-sû. \n\nBân-lâm-gú chi̍t-kóa-á kò͘-sû ê hong-sek hām hiān-tāi Hôa-gú tú-hó tian-tò-péng, put-jî-kò soah hām Kó͘-Hàn-gú sio-siâng, chhan-chhiūⁿ \"ah-bó\", \"hong-thai\", \"lâng-kheh\", \"chhin-tông\", \"kha-chhiú\".\n\nBân-lâm-gí chi̍t-kóa-á kò͘-sû ê hong-sek hām hiān-tāi Hôa-gí tú-hó tian-tò-péng, put-jî-koh soah hām kó͘-hàn-gí sio-siâng, chhin-chhiūⁿ \"ah-bú\", \"hong-thai\", \"lâng-kheh\", \"chhin-tông\", \"kha-chhiú\"...\n\n### Hàn-jī ê bûn-pe̍h ī-tho̍k\n\nTī Hàn-gú-hē kok gú-giân tong-tiong, beh kóng \"bûn-pe̍h ī-tho̍k\" ê hiān-siōng, Bân-lâm-gú iāng ho̍k-cha̍p. \"Bûn\" to̍h-sī \"bûn-tho̍k-im\", a̍h-sī kóng \"tha̍k-chheh-im\". \"Pe̍h\" tāi-piáu \"kháu-gí-im\" a̍h-sī \"pe̍h-ōe-im\". Bân-lâm-gú ê \"tha̍k-chheh-im\" kah \"kháu-gí-im\" ē-sái kóng sī nn̄g ê hō͘-siong tùi-èng ê hē-thóng. Bûn-pe̍h hē-thóng ê hêng-sêng sī chi̍t-tōaⁿ chin-chiàⁿ ho̍k-cha̍p ê le̍k-sú kòe-thêng. Bân-lâm-gú ê bûn-pe̍h ī-tho̍k, kú-lē jû-hā:\n\n| Hàn-jī | bûn-tho̍k-im | pe̍h-ōe-im |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 成 | sêng | siâⁿ, chiâⁿ, chhiâⁿ |\n| 上 | siōng / siāng | chiūⁿ, chhiūⁿ |\n| 漳 | chiang | chiuⁿ, cheng |\n\nKó͘-tāi Bân-oa̍t-gú ê sêng-hun\n------------------------------\n\nBân-lâm-gú ê hêng-sêng sī kó͘-tāi Tiong-gôan Hàn-gú hām kó͘-tāi Bân-oa̍t-cho̍k gú-giân sio-thàu-lām ê kòe-thêng. Hiān-chú-sî, Bân-lâm-gú lāi-té iu-gôan koh pó-liû tio̍h chōe-chōe kó͘-tāi Bân-oa̍t-gú ê sêng-hūn, pí-lūn kóng \"ka-cháu\", \"ka-cho̍ah\", \"ka-lēng\", \"tō͘-kâu\", \"tō͘-ún\", \"káu-hiā\", \"ka-lún-sún\", \"phah-kha-chhiùⁿ\", \"tio̍h-ka-cha̍k\".\n\nGōa-lâi-gú ê chioh-sû\n---------------------\n\nÙi Tông-tiâu ê sî-tāi khai-sí, Chôan-chiu to̍h hoat-tián chiâⁿ-chòe \"tang-hong tē-it tōa-káng\", kó͘-tāi Hái-siōng Si-tiû chi Lō͘ ê khí-tiám tī Chôan-chiu. Chhú-khì, Bân-lâm chit-tah hām Tiong-tang, Tang-lâm-a ê lâi-óng ke-chiâⁿ chia̍p. Kòe-hoan ê hoan-kheh chiong gōa-hiuⁿ ê gí-giân chah tńg-lâi Hok-kiàn, nî-kú-go̍eh-chhim, ū ê gōa-lâi-gú ê gí-sû soah lām-lo̍h Bân-lâm-gú, chiâⁿ-chòe Bân-lâm-gú ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn. Chit-khóan--ê, pí-lūn \"sat-bûn\", \"pa-sat\", \"chi-ku-la̍t\", \"chu-lu̍t\", \"phia̍t-á\", \"tōng-kak\", \"si̍p-pán-á\", \"ba̍k-thâu\", \"àu-sài\", \"te̍k-sî\", \"pa-sū\", \"má-tih\", \"gō͘-kha-kī\", \"ka-po̍k / ka-pò͘-mî\", \"ko-pi\" téng-téng.\n\nTâi-ôan Bân-lâm-gú ū koh-khah chē ê gōa-lâi-gí chioh-sû, kî-tiong siōng chē--ê sī Ji̍t-gí chioh-sû, pí-lūn kóng: \"o͘-tó͘-bái\", \"khí-mo͘-chih\", \"chu-ná-mih\", \"tò-sàng\", \"sa-sí-mih\". Che í-gōa, ôan-á ū khip-siu chi̍t-kóa Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k-gí kah kî-thaⁿ gōa-gí ê sêng-hūn.\n\nPhèng-im ê hē-thóng\n-------------------\n\nMúi chi̍t-chióng jîn-lūi gú-giân lóng ū ka-tī ê im-phiau hē-thóng. Bo̍k-chiân, múi chi̍t-chióng gú-giân ê im-phiau hē-thóng lóng sú-iōng hû-hō lâi kì-lio̍k. Ū-ê gú-giân ê im-phiau hē-thóng siâng-sî chûn-chāi kúi-nā-chióng phèng-im hû-hō, pí-lūn kóng Bân-lâm-gú.\n\nSè-kài kok-tē ê ha̍k-chiá tùi \"phèng-im hû-hō\" ê lōe-hâm ū bô kāng-khóan ê lí-kái. Ū-ê lâng chú-tiuⁿ kā phèng-im hû-hō tòng-chòe bûn-jī lâi khòaⁿ-thāi, put-jî-kò mā ū lâng hóan-tùi. \n\nTâi-ôan ū chiâⁿ chē gú-giân ha̍k-chiá chú-tiuⁿ Bân-lâm-gí phèng-im hû-hō mā sī bûn-jī, pí-lūn kóng Pe̍h-oē-jī to̍h-sī tang-tiong ê chi̍t-chióng. \n\n### Ēng Pe̍h-ōe-jī chò im-phiau\n\nÀn-chiàu le̍k-sú ê kak-tō͘ lâi khòaⁿ, Pe̍h-oē-jī chêng-kàu-taⁿ lóng sī hō͘-lâng tòng-chò bûn-jī teh sú-iōng. Chí-put-kò, Pe̍h-oē-jī oân-á kū-pī phèng-im ê kong-lêng, só͘-í ū-sî Pe̍h-oē-jī iū-koh pān-ián tio̍h im-phiau ê kak-sek. Koan-hē Pe̍h-ōe-jī ê im-phiau hē-thóng chhiáⁿ chham-khòaⁿ Ē-mn̂g-ōe gú-im hē-thóng chit-phiⁿ.\n\n### Tâi-ôan ê Bân-lâm-gú im-phiau\n\nTaⁿ Bân-lâm-gú ê im-phiau siāng-chió chhiau-kòe 64 chióng (Iûⁿ Ún-giân, Tiuⁿ Ha̍k-khiam, 1999 nî), ē-sái kóng sī pah-pah-khóan. Ū-ê iōng chù-im hû-hō, ū-ê iōng Khá-nah, ū-ê iōng Hangeul. Ah siāng-kài chē--ê sī sú-iōng Lô-má-jī. Chóng--sī, bo̍k-chiân lóng iáu-bōe thóng-it. Chōe-chōe chióng phèng-im tang-tiong, siāng-kài sî-kiâⁿ, sú-iōng jîn-kháu siāng-kài chē--ê sī Tâi-lô, Pe̍h-ōe-jī (Kàu-hōe Lô-má-jī), TLPA kah Tong-iōng Phèng-im.\n\n#### Pí-kàu\n\n* Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiáⁿ chham-khó Pe̍h-ōe-jī chit-phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ.\n* TLPA (Tâi-gú Im-phiau Hong-àn, tha̍k-chòe \"Tho͘-lú-pà\")\n\n1991 nî 8 go̍eh 17 hō, ha̍k-chiá Âng Ûi-jîn, Tiuⁿ Jū-hông, Táng Tiong-su saⁿ lâng chhōa-thâu sêng-li̍p Tâi-ôan Gú-bûn Ha̍k-hōe. Bô lōa kú liáu-āu, Tâi-ôan Gú-bûn Ha̍k-hōe tī Pe̍h-ōe-jī im-phiau hē-thóng ê ki-chhó͘ siōng chè-tēng chhut chi̍t-thò sin ê Tâi-gí Im-phiau, hō-miâ \"Tâi-gú Im-phiau Hong-àn\" (Taiwan Language Phonetic Alphabet, kán-chheng TLPA). \n\nBeh chè-tēng TLPA ê gôan-in sī:\n\n(1) Tâi-gí im-phiau ū chin chōe thò, chó͘-gāi Tâi-ôan gú-giân ê ha̍k-si̍p kah hoat-tián;\n\n(2) Pe̍h-ōe-jī bô ôan-chôan sek-ha̍p tiān-náu.\n\nTLPA hām POJ siōng chú-iàu ê chha-pia̍t sī:\n\n TLPA hām POJ chú-iàu ê chha-pia̍t| Hong-àn | TLPA | POJ | soeh-bêng |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| chú-im | c, ch | ch, chh | chho͘-kî TLPA sī *ts, tsh* |\n| bó-im | ue, ua | oe, oa |   |\n| bó-im | oo | o͘ |   |\n| bó-im | ing | eng |   |\n| phīⁿ-hòa-im | nn | ⁿ |   |\n| tiāu-hû | a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a7, a8 | a, á, à, ah, â, ā, a̍h | iōng \"a\" chòe pí-lūn |\n\nTLPA kong-pò͘ liáu-āu, tī Tâi-ôan Bân-lâm-gí-kài ín-khì chin tōa ê hong-pho, chō-chiâⁿ TLPA ê chi-chhî-chiá hām POJ chi-chhî-chiá nn̄g phài chi-kan tn̂g-kî lâi leh tùi-khòng.\n\n* Thong-iōng Phèng-im\n\n### Hok-kiàn ê Bân-lâm-gú phèng-im hong-àn\n\n* Hok-kiàn Bân-lâm, oân-á sī siāng chá sî-kiâⁿ Pe̍h-ōe-jī ê só͘-chāi chi-it. Chit hong-bīn ê sìn-sit chhiáⁿ chham-khòaⁿ Bân-lâm-gí Pe̍h-ōe-jī ê le̍k-sú. Kàu kah hiān-chú-sî ûi chí, tī Bân-lâm bîn-kan ê kàu-tn̂g, ôan-á iáu-koh ū lâng teh sú-iōng Pe̍h-ōe-jī (Khó͘ Tiông-an, Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k), put-jî-kò lâng-sò͘ í-keng bô chōe--ah.\n\n* **Phó͘-Bân-sek**: Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k Tiong-kok Gú-giân-bûn-ha̍k Gián-kiù-só͘ Hàn-gú-hong-giân Sek tī 1982 nî pian-siá chi̍t-pún miâ hō͘-chòe \"Phó͘-thong-ōe Bân-lâm Hong-giân Sû-tián\" ê tù-chiok (chu-pian-jîn: N̂g Tián-sêng, Chiu Tiông-chi̍p). Chit-pún sû-tián só͘ chhái-iōng ê lô-má phèng-im hong-àn, kán-chheng \"Phó͘-Bân-sek\". Lō͘-bé it-ti̍t hō͘ Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k ê chit-pō͘-hūn ha̍k-chiá the̍h-lâi sú-iōng.\n\n* Put-jî-kò, Tī Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k, tùi Bân-lâm-gí lâi kóng, siāng-kài chē lâng sú-iōng ê im-phiau, sī Kok-chè Im-piau.\n\nBûn-jī kap su-siá\n-----------------\n\n### Chá-kî ê Bân-lâm-gú bûn-ha̍k\n\nTiong-kok kó͘-tāi Hàn-gú bûn-ha̍k, thàu-té sī Khóng-chú-jī ê bûn-hiàn chiàm cho̍at-tùi ê iâⁿ-bīn, iah nā sio̍k-î pe̍h-ōe-bûn ê Tn̂g-lâng-jī, to̍h chiâⁿ hán-tit the̍h lâi chòe bûn-ha̍k chhòng-chok. It-ti̍t kàu kah Bêng, Chheng ê sî-tāi, chiah khah chia̍p ū leh khòaⁿ tio̍h thong-sio̍k ê kháu-gú siáu-soat, pí-lūn Tiong-kok ê kó͘-tián sù tāi bêng-chok to̍h-sī chit-ê sî-kî ê chok-phín. Tī chit-chióng khôan-kéng kah pōe-kéng chi-hā, siōng chá ê Bân-lâm-gú bûn-ha̍k chok-phín *Lē-kiàⁿ-kì* chhut-pán, pēng-chhiáⁿ tī Chôan-chiu kah Tiô-chiu chit-tah chiâⁿ-chòe kài sî-kiâⁿ ê hì-bûn. Put-jî-kò si̍t-chāi kóng, *Lē-kiàⁿ-kì* iáu-koh m̄-sī chin-chin-chiàⁿ-chiàⁿ ê Bân-lâm-gú bûn.\n\nSiōng-kài ē-tàng tāi-piáu chá-kî Bân-lâm-gú bûn-jī--ê sī kì-chài Chôan-chiu lâm-kóan gē-su̍t (pau-koat lâm-kóan-ga̍k hâm lâm-kóan-hì) ê ga̍k-phó͘ kah lō͘-bóe kì-chài koa-á-hì hì-bûn ê koa-á-chheh.\n\n### 20 sè-kì téng-pòaⁿ-tōaⁿ ê Bân-lâm-gú-bûn ūn-tōng\n\nSe-gôan 20 sè-kì ê chá-kî kah tiong-kî, Tâi-ôan khì hō͘ Ji̍t-pún si̍t-bîn thóng-tī. Hit-tong-sî, chi̍t-kóa-á Tâi-ôan chāi-tōe ê bûn-ha̍k jîn-sū hoat-kak tio̍h pún-thó͘ gú-giân ê tiōng-iàu. In ho͘-iok Tâi-ôan chāi-tōe-lâng to̍h-ài iōng \"siōng-kài chhin-chhiat ê Tâi-ôan-ōe lâi chhòng-chok Tâi-ôan ê bûn-ha̍k\". Put-jî-kò in-ūi Ji̍t-pún si̍t-bîn chèng-hú ūi-tio̍h thui-hêng hông-bîn-hòa ūn-tōng, soah chôan-bīn kìm-chí tī Tâi-ôan sú-iōng Hàn-bûn, tì-sú tú leh puh-íⁿ ê hiong-thó͘ bó-gú bûn-ha̍k ūn-tōng soah chôaⁿ chhàu-ta o͘-áu khì. Chit-ê sî-kî, thui-sak hiong-thó͘ bó-gú bûn-ha̍k ūn-tōng ê tāi-piáu jîn-bu̍t, chú-iàu pau-koat: Liân Un-kheng (連溫卿), Liân Ngá-tông (連雅堂), N̂g Se̍k-hui (黃石輝), Keh Chhiu-seng (郭秋生).\n\n### 1970 nî-tāi ê Bân-lâm-gú-bûn ūn-tōng\n\nTū Kok-bîn-tóng chèng-hú soan-pò͘ kái-giâm liáu-āu, Tâi-ôan ê Bân-lâm-gú-bûn chhòng-chok chôaⁿ hiông-hiông sî-kiâⁿ--khí-lâi, chiâⁿ-chōe chok-ka kah ha̍k-chiá mā lóng ka-ji̍p \"Bân-lâm-gú-bûn chhòng-chok\" chit-ki tūi-ngó͘. Iú-koan chu-liāu ê kì-chài hián-sī, chit-tīn lâng tang-tiong khah chú-iàu--ê sī: Lîm Gím-hiân (林錦賢), Lîm Chong-gôan (林宗源), N̂g Kèng-liân (黃勁連), Lîm Iong-bín (林央敏), Âng Ûi-jîn (洪惟仁), Tēⁿ Liông-úi (鄭良偉), Tân Bêng-jîn (陳明仁), Tō͘-Phoaⁿ Hong-keh, (杜潘芳格), Ngô͘ Siù-lē (吳秀麗), Lí Khîn-hōaⁿ (李勤岸) téng-téng.\n\n### Bân-lâm-gú-bûn ê su-siá hē-thóng\n\nBân-lâm-gú sī Hàn-cho̍k gí-giân ê chi̍t-chió̍ng. I ê su-siá hē-thóng hām Hiān-tāi Hàn-gú Pe̍h-ōe-bûn (iā-to̍h-sī Hôa-gí su-bīn-gú) ôan-chôan bô sio-siâng. Bân-lâm-gú ê su-siá hē-thóng siá--ê sī Bân-lâm-gú pe̍h-ōe-bûn, mā-sī kháu-gú. Bân-lâm-gú pe̍h-ōe-bûn ū-tang-sî-á kán-chheng hō͘-chòe \"Bân-lâm-gú-bûn\". Tâi-ôan khah chia̍p kóng chòe \"Tâi-gí-bûn\".\n\nSiá Bân-lâm-gú-bûn, chhái-iōng tó-chi̍t-chióng bûn-jī--leh? Si̍t-chāi kóng, chit-ê būn-tôe tī bú-gú-kài kàu taⁿ pēng bô kiōng-sek, jî-chhiáⁿ chit hong-bīn ê khang-khè chú-iàu mā kan-na sī Tâi-ôan-lâng teh chòe. Tī Tâi-ôan, Bân-lâm-gú ê su-siá, chú-iàu ū:\n\n* Chôan-pō͘ iōng Hàn-jī, kán-chheng \"chôan-Hàn\".\n* Chôan-pō͘ iōng Lô-má-jī, kán-chheng \"chôan-Lô\".\n* Hán-jī kah Lô-mā-jī tâng-chê iōng, thàu-lām chòe-chi̍t-ē. Kūn-kù kok lâng siá-jī ê hong-keh kah si̍p-kòan bô kāng-khóan, ē-sái pun-chò \"phian-Hàn\" kah \"phian-Lô\".\n* Kî-thaⁿ ê hong-sek, pí-lūn: Chù-im, Khá-nah, Hangeul téng-éng.\n\nChóng--sī, hiān-chú-sî, Tâi-ôan Bân-lâm-gú ê su-siá ôan-á iáu-bē ta̍t-sêng thóng-it ê ì-kiàn, phài-hē chiâⁿ chōe, khó-pí chi̍t-iūⁿ bí chhī phah-iūⁿ lâng, hō͘ lâng khòaⁿ kah bū-sahⁿ-sahⁿ koh hoe-kô-kô. Put-jî-kò, chêng 1990 nî-lâi í-lâi, chú-tiuⁿ kiâⁿ chôan-Lô lō͘-sòaⁿ ê siaⁿ-soeh kài tōa, tang-tiong siāng hiáⁿ-ba̍k--ê sī Pe̍h-ōe-jī-bûn. Chi-chhî-chiá kái-soeh kóng chôan-Lô khí-bé ū ē-kha ê iu-tiám, sī Hán-jī a̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ hêng-sek ê bûn-jī hû-hō bô hoat-tō͘ thang pí-phēng--ê: \n\n1. Siāng hong-piān kah pa̍t-chióng kāng-khóan sú-iōng Lô-má-jī ê gú-bûn chìn-hêng ko͘-thong;\n2. Lô-má-jī sī piáu-im bûn-jī, ē-tàng chún-khak lâi phiau-sī kah kì-lio̍h gú-im;\n3. Ū tiān-niáu chhù-lí hong-bīn ê iu-sè; put-jî-kò hiān-chú-sî tùi Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī lâi kóng, chit khoán ê \"iu-sè\" put chhûn-chāi, in-ūi Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī tī chit hong-bīn tú-chiah leh khí-pō͘ niâ, iáu koh m̄-sī chin sêng-se̍k, iáu goân ū bē-chió khiàm-tiám tī-leh.\n4. Sú-iōng chôan-Lô ē-tàng thiat-tóe thoat-lī Hàn-jī ê sok-pa̍k.\n\nChi-chhî thoat-Hàn--ê koh ū nn̄g chióng bô kâng koan-tiám ê lâng. Chi̍t chióng jīn-ûi beh thoat-Hàn sī in-ūi Hàn-jī bô-kàu iōng, hāu-ek kē, chiâⁿ lióng-kong. Lēng-gōa chi̍t chióng chú-tioⁿ chí-ū thoat-Hàn chiah ē-tàng hō͘ Tâi-ôan tī bûn-hòa siōng ôan-chôan lâi kah Tiong-kok chhé hō͘-i lī-lī-lī.\n\nBo̍k-chiân, Tâi-ôan Bân-lâm-gú-bûn ê su-siá, khah sêng-kong--ê pau-koat:\n\n(1) Chit-kòa-á chhái-iōng chôan-Lô a̍h-sī Hàn-Lô ê khan-bu̍t, pí-lūn kóng *Tâi-bûn Thong-sìn*, *Tâi-bûn Bóng-pò* téng-téng;\n\n(2) Bāng-chām, chhan-chhiūⁿ ôan-chôan chhái-iōng POJ (mā-ū Hàn-jī ia̍h-bīn) ê Bân-lâm-gí Wikipedia kah i ê chí-bē sū-kang téng-téng.\n\nTān-sī iōng choân-Lô iah-sī phian-Lô ê bûn-jī su-siá, e̍k chō-sêng kóng Bân-lâm-gí ê bîn-chiòng khòaⁿ-bô, piàn-sêng chi̍t-chióng chū-ngô͘ ê hong-hoat, hō͘ ta̍k-ke khòaⁿ-bô ê bûn-thé ê hoat-tián sī khah khùn-lân ê.\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Archived 2016-01-02 at the Wayback Machine.\n* 臺灣閩南語推薦用字（第1批）(*pdf*) (Hàn-gí)\n* 台語符號ê競爭─以TLPA kah白話字做例. Iûⁿ Ún-giân (Hàn-gí)\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nBân-lâm-gí |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Tōa-chhân-oē | \n* Chêng-lō͘-oē [zh]\n* Āu-lō͘-oē [zh]\n\n | |\n| |\n| Ho̍h-ló-oē | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tang A | \n* Choân-chiu-oē\n\t+ An-khoe-oē\n\t+ Hūi-oaⁿ-oē [en]\n\t+ Chìn-kang-oē [zh]\n\t+ Lâm-oaⁿ-oē\n\t+ Tâng-oaⁿ-oē\n\t+ Éng-chhun-oē [en]\n* Ē-mn̂g-oē\n* Chiang-chiu-oē\n\t+ Liông-hái-oē\n* Tâi-oân-oē\n* Lêng-nâ-oē\n\t+ Chiuⁿ-phîng-oē\n* Thâu-pak-oē [zh]\n* Hái-hong-oē [zh]\n* Lio̍k-hong-oē [zh]\n\n |\n| |\n| Tang-lâm A | \n* Hui-li̍p-pin Lán-lâng-oē\n* Pak Má-lâi-se-a Hok-kiàn-oē\n\t+ Penang Hok-kiàn-oē [zh]\n\t+ Medan Hok-kiàn-oē\n\n* Lâm Má-lâi-se-a Hok-kiàn-oē [zh]\n\t+ Riau Hok-kiàn-oē\n\t+ Sin-ka-pho Hok-kiàn-oē\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Tiô-soàⁿ-oē | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tang A | \n* Tiô-chiu-oē\n\t+ Jiâu-pêng-oē\n* Soàⁿ-thâu-oē\n\t+ Têng-hái-oē\n\t+ Lâm-ò-oē\n* Kiat-iông-oē\n* Tiô-iông-oē [zh]\n\t+ Phó͘-lêng-oē\n\t+ Hūi-lâi-oē\n\n |\n| |\n| Tang-lâm A | \n* Bangkok Tiô-chiu-oē\n* Kampuchea Tiô-chiu-oē\n* Kalimantan Tiô-chiu-oē\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Chiat-lâm Bân-gí | \n* Chhong-lâm-oē [zh]\n* Pêng-iông-oē\n* Tōng-thâu-oē\n* Gio̍k-khoân-oē\n\n |\n| |\n| Tiong-san Bân-gí [zh] | \n* Liông-to͘-oē [en]\n* Lâm-lóng-oē [en]\n* Sam-hiong-oē [en]\n* Tiuⁿ-ka-pian-oē\n\n |\n| |\n| boē hun-lūi | \n* Gî-heng-oē\n* Tiong-san-oē\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nBân-gí |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Hái-kîⁿ Bân-gí | \n\n| | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Bân-tang-gí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Hâu-koan-phiàn [zh](Lâm-phiàn) | Hok-chiu-oē **·** Bân-hâu-oē **·** Liân-kang-oē [zh] **·** Hok-chheng-oē **·** Tiông-lo̍k-oē [zh] **·** Ko͘-chhân-oē **·** Pêng-thâm-oē **·** Lô-goân-oē **·** Éng-thài-oē **·** Iû-khe-oē **·** Lêng-tek-oē [zh] **·** Ian-oē [zh] **·** Má-chó͘-oē [zh] |\n| |\n| Hok-lêng-phiàn [zh](Pak-phiàn) | Hâ-phó͘-oē **·** Hok-an-oē **·** Chià-êng-oē [zh] **·** Hok-téng-oē [zh] **·** Siū-lêng-oē [zh] **·** Chiu-lêng-oē [zh] |\n| |\n| Bân-kóng [zh] | Thài-sūn Bân-kóng **·** Chhong-lâm Bân-oē |\n\n |\n| |\n| Bân-lâm-gí | Tōa-chhân-oē **·** Ho̍h-ló-oē **·** Tiô-chiu-oē **·** Chiat-lâm Bân-gí **·** Tiong-san Bân-gí [zh] **·** ... *(kū-thé)* |\n| |\n| Phô͘-sian-gí | Phô͘-chhân-oē **·** Sian-iû-oē **·** O͘-khiu-oē [zh] |\n| |\n| Khêng-lûi-oē | \n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Hái-lâm-oē | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Hú-siâⁿ-phiàn | Hái-kháu-oē **·** Tēng-an-oē [zh] **·** Têng-māi-oē **·** Tūn-chhiong-oē |\n| |\n| Bûn-chhiong-phiàn | Bûn-chhiong-oē **·** Khêng-hái-oē |\n| |\n| Bān-lêng-phiàn | Bān-lêng-oē **·** Lêng-súi-oē |\n| |\n| Gâi-koān-phiàn | Gâi-koān-oē |\n| |\n| Chhiong-kám-phiàn | Chhiong-kang-oē |\n\n |\n| |\n| Lûi-chiu-oē | Lûi-siâⁿ-oē **·** Chhî-bûn-oē **·** Sūi-khe-oē **·** Tiān-pe̍k-oē |\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Soaⁿ-khu Bân-gí | \n\n| | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Bân-pak-gí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tang-khe-phiàn | Kiàn-au-oē **·** Siông-khe-oē [zh] **·** Chèng-hô-oē [zh] |\n| |\n| Sai-khe-phiàn | Kiàn-iông-oē **·** Chiông-an-oē [zh] |\n\n |\n| |\n| Siō-chiong-gí [zh] | Bân--Kàm Kòe-tō͘ Hong-giân (Siō-bú-oē [zh] **·** Kong-te̍k-oē **·** *Kiàn-lêng-oē* **·** *Thài-lêng-oē*) **·** Bân--Kheh--Kàm Kòe-tō͘ Hong-giân (Chiong-lo̍k-oē [zh] **·** Sūn-chhiong-oē) |\n| |\n| Bân-tiong-gí | Sam-bêng-oē **·** Soa-koān-oē [zh] **·** Éng-an-oē [zh] |\n\n |\n\n | Bân-gí |\n| |\n| \n\n|  Bûn-jī hē-thóng |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n\n| | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Lūi-hêng | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Piáu-gí bûn-jī | Hong-giân-jī [zh] **·** Bân-lâm hàn-jī (Tâi-ôan Bân-lâm-gí Thui-chiàn Iōng-jī **·** Tâi-bân-jī lia̍t-pió) |\n| |\n| Piáu-im bûn-jī | Bân-lâm-gí Pe̍h-oē-jī **·** Tiô-chiu-oē Pe̍h-oē-jī **·** Hái-lâm Pe̍h-ōe-jī **·** Hok-chiu-oē Pêng-oē-jī **·** Hok-an-oē Lô-má-jī **·** Hing-hoà Pêng-oē-jī **·** Kiàn-lêng-hú Thó͘-khiuⁿ Lô-má-jī **·** Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī Pheng-im Hong-àn **·** Tâi-oân Gí-giân Im-piau Hong-àn [zh] **·** Tâi-gí Thong-iōng Pheng-im [zh] **·** Bân-lâm Hong-giân Pheng-im Hong-àn **·** Tiô-chiu-oē Pheng-im Hong-àn [zh] **·** Hái-lâm-oē Pheng-im Hong-àn [zh] **·** Hok-chiu-oē Pheng-im Hong-àn [zh] **·** Kiàn-au-oē Pheng-im Hong-àn |\n| |\n| Hūn-iōng | Hàn-lô [zh] |\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| \n\n|  Giân-gí gián-kiù |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Siong-koan giân-gí | Bân-oa̍t-gí **·** Goân-sí Bân-gí **·** Hái-kîⁿ Bân-gí **·** Soaⁿ-khu Bân-gí |\n| |\n| Ūn-su [zh] | *Chhek-lîm Peh-im [zh]* **·** *An-kiuⁿ Peh-im [zh]* **·** *Chhit-im Jī-hoē*  **·** *Peh-im Tēng-koat [zh]* **·** *Pheh-chiúⁿ Ti-im [zh]* **·** *Tō͘-kang-su Cha̍p-gō͘-im [zh]* **·** *Hoē-im Miāu-gō͘ [zh]* **·** *Cheng-pó͘ Hoē-im [zh]* **·** *Tiô-siaⁿ Cha̍p-gō͘-im*  **·** *Kek-bo̍k Ti-im*  **·** *Tiô-gí Cha̍p-gō͘-im*  **·** *Kiàn-chiu Peh-im [zh]* |\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nHàn-gí |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hàn-gí-cho̍k | \n* Bân-gí\n\t+ Bân-lâm-gí\n\t+ Bân-tiong-gí\n\t+ Bân-tang-gí\n\t+ Bân-pak-gí\n\t+ Khêng-lûi-oē\n\t+ Phô͘-sian-gí\n\t+ Siō-chiong-gí [zh]\n* Chìn-gí\n* Hui-gí [zh]\n* Kàm-gí\n* Kheh-ka-gí\n* Koaⁿ-ōe\n\t+ Hiān-tāi Piau-chún Hàn-gí\n\t\t- Phó͘-thong-oē\n\t\t- Kok-gí\n* Ngô͘-gí\n* Oa̍t-gí\n* Siong-gí\n* Tong-kan-gí [zh]\n* Siong-lâm Thó͘-oē [zh]\n* Oa̍t-pak Thó͘-oē [zh]\n* Kńg-sai Pêng-oē [zh]\n* Oá-hiong-oē [zh]\n* Kun-ka-oē [zh]\n\n |\n| |\n| Bûn-jī | \n* Hàn-jī\n\t+ Hoân-thé-jī\n\t+ Kán-thé-jī\n* Hàn-gí Pheng-im\n* Kàu-hoē Lô-má-jī\n* Chù-im hû-hō\n* Sió-jî-keng [zh]\n* Lú-su [zh]\n* Tiong-kok Chhiat-im Sin-jī\n\n |\n| |\n| Le̍k-sú | \n* Goân-sí Hàn-Chōng-gí [zh]\n* Siōng-kó͘ Hàn-gí\n* Tiong-kó͘ Hàn-gí [zh]\n* Hàn-jî giân-gí [zh]\n* Kūn-tāi Hàn-gí [zh]\n* Ló-kok-im [zh]\n* Sin-kok-im\n\n |\n| |\n| Koán-lí ki-kò͘ | \n* Kok-ka Gí-giân Bûn-jī Kang-chok Úi-oân-hoē [zh]\n* Kàu-iok-pō͘ Kok-gí Thui-hêng Úi-oân-hoē\n* Sin-ka-pho Thui-kóng Hoâ-gí Lí-sū-hoē [zh]\n* Má-lâi-se-a Hoâ-gí Kui-hoān Lí-sū-hoē [zh]\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | \n* Hàn-bûn\n* Pe̍h-oē-bûn [zh]\n* Tha̍k-chheh-im kap Pe̍h-oē-im\n* Hoán-chhiat [zh]\n* Ūn-su [zh]\n* Thui-kóng Phó͘-thong-oē\n* Kok-gí chèng-chhek [zh]\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* NDL: 001117818\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Bân-lâm-gú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[8105,21494,0.37708197636549734],"infobox":["
    Bân-lâm-gú
    \nBân-lâm-gú/Bân-lâm-gí/閩南語
    Goân-chū kok-ka\n\"\" Tiong-kok, \"\" Tâi-oân, \"\" Hiong-káng, \"\" Má-lâi-se-a, \"\" Ìn-nî, \"\" Sin-ka-pho...
    Sú-iōng tē-khu\n\"\" Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn lâm-pō͘, Kńg-tang tang-pō͘, Chiat-kang lâm-pō͘;
    \"\" Tâi-oân
    bú-gí sú-iōng-chiá\n4900 bān
    Gí-hē\n
    Bûn-jī hē-thóng\nPe̍h-oē-jī
    Hàn-jī
    Koaⁿ-hong tē-ūi
    Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân\n\"\" Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok
    Sêng-jīn ê
    chió-sò͘ gí-giân    		\n
    Tâi-oân-oē sī \"\" Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok ê 1 chióng kau-thong ūn-su gí-giân
    Koán-lí ki-kò͘\nTiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kàu-io̍k-pō͘
    Gí-giân tāi-bé
    ISO 639-3\nnan
    Glottolog\nminn1241
    Linguasphere\n79-AAA-j
    \n
    Bân-lâm-gú ê hun-pò͘
    \nChe bûn-chiong pau-hâm IPA hû-hō. Nā-sī bô siong-koan ê jī-hêng chi-oān, lí khó-lêng ē khoàⁿ tio̍h būn-hō, hng-kheng ia̍h-sī khî-thaⁿ hû-hō, bô-hoat-tō͘ chèng-siông hián-sī Unicode jī-goân. Chhiáⁿ lí khoàⁿ Help:IPA.
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":26840}} -{"text":"\n\nSun Bûn siá--ê N̂g-po͘ Kun-koaⁿ ha̍k-hāu (黃埔-) Hùn-sû (訓詞)\n*Pún bûn chí 1937 nî khí--ê Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok kok-koa. Khah chá--ê chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ Tiong-kok kok-koa*\n\nTaⁿ--ê **Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Kok-koa** iû Sun Tiong-san kah in bō͘-liâu (幕僚) chok-sû, Thiâⁿ Bō͘-ûn (程懋筠) chok-khek. Pa̍t-miâ **Sam-bîn Chú-gī Koa**, mā-sī Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng--ê tóng-koa (黨歌).\n\nTī 1937 nî chèng-sek kéng kok-koa í-chêng, hông khoàⁿ-choè Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok kok-koa--ê ū *Kheng-hûn koa* (卿雲歌), *Tiong-hôa Hiông-li̍p Ú-tiū Kan* (中華雄立宇宙間) téng koa-khek.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n1912 nî, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Lîm-sî Chèng-hú tī Lâm-kiaⁿ sêng-li̍p, Kàu-io̍k Chóng-tiúⁿ (-總長) Chhòa Gôan-pôe (蔡元培) tùi kong-chiòng teng-kiû kok-koa, lo̍h-boé kéng *Ngó͘-kî Kiōng-hô Koa* (五旗共和歌) chò lîm-sî kok-koa, iû Sím Un-hu (沈恩孚) chok-sû, Sím Phêng-liân (沈彭年) chok-khek; Āu--lâi Pak-iûⁿ Chèng-hú (北洋政府) bat sian-āu ēng nn̄g pán--ê *Kheng-hûn-koa* chò kok-koa.\n\n1924 nî 6 goe̍h 16 ji̍t, Sun Bûn tī Kńg-chiu N̂g-po͘ Lio̍k-kun Kun-koaⁿ Ha̍k-hāu (黃埔-) khai-ha̍k tián-lé tùi su-seng hoat-piáu hùn-sû (訓詞), iû Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng tóng-0ân Ô͘ Hàn-bîn (胡漢民), Tè Kùi-tô (戴季陶), Liāu Tiōng-khái (廖仲愷), Siō Gôan-chhiong (邵元沖) tàu pian. Chit phiⁿ kiò-chò \"N̂g-po͘ Kun-hāu Hùn-sû\", in-ūi Sun Tiong-san sī Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng Chóng-lí (-總理), mā kiò \"Chóng-lí Hùn-sû\".\n\n1928 nî pak-hoa̍t (北伐) soah, lâm-pak thóng-it liáu-āu, Tè Thôan-hiân (戴傳賢) kiàn-gī kā N̂g-po͘ Kun-hāu Hùn-sû soán-chò Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng tóng-koa koa-sû. Keng Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng Tiong-iong Siông-bū Úi-oân-hoē (-常務委員會) thong-koè āu, khai-sí teng-soán ga̍k-phó͘. Thiâⁿ Bō͘-ûn--ê khek soah-boé tio̍h tē-it, ia̍h the̍h-tio̍h gîn-oân (銀圓) 500 kho͘--ê chióng-kim. Hit sî Lâm-kiaⁿ Kim-lêng Tāi-ha̍k (金陵-) kap Kok-li̍p Tiong-iong Tāi-ha̍k--ê ha̍k-seng mā chāi-tiûⁿ chhì chhiùⁿ, chok-chiá mā ka-kī tī Tiong-iong Kóng-pò Tiān-tâi\nián-chhiùⁿ hòng-sàng.1929 nî 1 goe̍h 10 ji̍t, Siông-bū Úi-oân-hoē koat-gī kā Thiâⁿ Bō͘-ûn--ê soán-chò tóng-koa, in-ūi koa-sû lāi, ài-kok su-sióng chin chhiong-sēng, khek-tiāu mā hô-pêng, ū-la̍t, ū bîn-cho̍k ì-sek. 1930 nî 3 goe̍h 24 ji̍t, Hêng-chèng-īⁿ hoat-lēng thong-kok (通國), tī kok-koa chè-chō chêng, it-poaⁿ chū-hoē lóng chhiùⁿ chit tiâu tóng-koa, lâi koân (權) kok-koa. Khíl-thâu chí ū koa-khek soân-lu̍t, bô hô-siaⁿ (和聲) kap phoāⁿ-chàu. Chèng-sek pan-pò͘ liáu, Siau Iú-mûi (蕭友梅), Tiō Goân-jīm (趙元任), N̂g Chū (黃自) bat kā i siá phoāⁿ-chàu kah hô-siaⁿ. Thiâⁿ Bō͘-ûn chhòng-chok ga̍k-phó͘--ê sî, pún-té lia̍h-chò bô joā hó tio̍h tàn-tiāu. In bó͘ tī chóa-láng chhoē-tio̍h liáu-āu kià-khì pí-sài, soah tio̍h koan-kun.\n\nĀu--lâi, û-lūn (輿論) siūⁿ N̂g-po͘ Kun-hāu Hùn-sû sī the̍h-lâi bián-lē (勉勵) Kok-bîn-tóng tóng-oân niā, boē-tàng tài-piáu kok-ka, só͘-í Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ tio̍h tùi-goā teng-kiû kok-koa koa-sû. Kàu 1931 nî 6 ge̍h chí, tâu-kó--ê iok 1,700 lâng, koa-sû 2,000 goā siú, chóng--sī chē kái sím-cha āu, bô poàⁿ tiâu soán--chhuài. 1936 nî, Kok-bîn Chèng-hú sêng-li̍p \"Kok-koa Pian-chè (編製) Gián-kiù Úi-oân-hoē\", choan pau-lám kok-koa pian-chè kap gián-kiù--ê tāi-chì, mā chèng-sek teng-pò teng-kiû kok-koa koa-sû, Soah-bé úi-oân-hoē kiàn-gī ēng N̂g-po͘ Kun-hāu Hùn-sû chò kok-koa, in-ūi hùn-sû chiok-chiok piáu-bêng kek-bēng kiàn-kok cheng-sîn, m̄-nā ha̍h Tiong-hôa Bîn-cho̍k--ê le̍k-sú bûn-hoà, mā tāi-piáu Tiong-hoâ bîn-kok--ê kiàn-kok cheng-sîn. 1937 nî 6 goe̍h 3 ji̍t, Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng Tiong-iong Siông-bū Úi-oân-hoē thong-koè kā tóng-koa soán-chò kok-koa, tī kâng-nî 6 goe̍h 21 ji̍t keng Kok-bîn Chèng-hú kong-pò͘ si̍t-hêng, kok-koa tio̍h khak-tēng--ah.。\n\nKin-kù 1989 nî kàu 2005 nî--ê *Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Nî-kàm* (-年鑒) Eng-gí-pán, Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Kok-koa bat tī 1936 nî Hā-kùi Olympia Ūn-tōng-hoē tòng-soán sè-kài siōng-hó kok-koa, m̄-koh ū-lâng jīn-ûi tong-nî tòng-soán ê sī hit-ê sî-chūn ê Kok-kî koa, mā ū lâng jīn-ûi kin-pún tio̍h bô chit khoán tāi-chì.\n\n### Kok-koa le̍k-sú nî-pió\n\n* Ngó͘-kî Kiōng-hô Koa: 1912 - 1913\n* Kheng-hûn koa (Tē 1 pán): 1913 - 1915\n* Tiong-hôa Hiông-li̍p Ú-tiū Kan\n\t+ Goân pán: 1915\n\t+ Tē 2~3 pán: 1915-1921\n* Kheng-hûn koa (Tē 2 pán): 1921 - 1928\n* Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kok-koa (Sam-bîn Chú-gī Koa):\n\t+ Lîm-sî: 1928 - 1937\n\t+ Chèng-sek: 1937 -\n\nKoa-sû\n------\n\n| Goân-bûn (Bûn-giân-bûn) | Hàn-gí Pheng-im | Tha̍k-im (Bûn-giân-im) | Hoan-e̍k |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 三民主義　吾黨所宗以建民國　以進大同咨爾多士　為民前鋒 夙夜匪懈　主義是從 矢勤矢勇　必信必忠一心一德　貫徹始終 | Sānmín zhǔyì, wú dǎng suǒ zōng;Yǐ jiàn Mínguó, yǐ jìn dàtóng.Zī ěr duōshì, wèi mín qiánfēng;Sùyè fěi xiè, zhǔyì shì cóng.Shǐ qín shǐ yǒng, bì xìn bì zhōng;Yì xīn yì dé, guànchè shǐ zhōng. | Sam-bîn chú-gī, ngô͘-tóng só͘-chong,í kiàn Bîn-kok, í chìn tāi-tông.Chu ní to-sū! Ûi bîn chiân-hong,siok-iā húi-hāi, chú-gī sī chiông.Sí khîn sí ióng, pit sìn pit tiong,it-sim it-tek, koàn-thiat sú-chiong. | Sam-bîn Chú-gī sī lán-ê tóng/lán-lâng só͘ hōng-hêng (奉行)--ê,lâi kiàn-li̍p Tiong-hoa Bîn-kok, chìn-chêng kàu tāi-tông--ê kéng-kài.Ah! Lín chia choē-choē--ê chì-sū (志士), sī jîn-bîn--ê thâu-tīn, mê-ji̍t m̄ thang pîn-tōaⁿ, kin-toè chit-ê chú-gī.Chiù-chōa ài kut-la̍t, ài ióng-kám; tiāⁿ-tio̍h ài sìn-si̍t, ài tiong-sêng.Tùi thâu kàu boé, tông-sim si̍t-hêng Sam-bîn Chú-gī! | |\n\nSú-iōng\n-------\n\nKiâⁿ seng/kàng Tiong-hoa Bîn-kok kok-kî tián-lé sî, tī seng/kàng-kî chìn-chêng tio̍h ài chhiùⁿ kok-koa, ia̍h tī seng/kàng-kî--ê sî chàu-ga̍k *Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kok-kî Koa*. Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok tī 1991 nî 6 go̍eh 29 ji̍t hùi-tî *Ûi-kéng-ho̍at-hoat* (違警罰法) chêng, kui-tēng thiaⁿ-tio̍h chhiùⁿ-kok-koa sî, bô khiā leh piáu-kèng-ì--ê, hoa̍t 20 gîn-oân (sin-tâi-phiò 60 kho͘) í-hā hoa̍t-hoân (罰鍰) ah sin-kài (申誡).\n\n1949 nî Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Chèng-hú poaⁿ kàu Tâi-oân, kok-koa kàu taⁿ mā koh teh ēng. Khah-chá tiān-iáⁿ-īⁿ pàng tiān-iáⁿ chêng, ài pàng kok-koa--ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ, kàu 1990 nî-tāi chiah chiām-chiām chhú-siau (ùi chêng Gî-lân-koān-tiúⁿ Tân Tēng-lâm (陳定南) tī 1989 nî soan-pò͘ khai-sí); tiān-tâi tī pòaⁿ-mî 12 tiám chiàⁿ pò-sî liáu-āu, ài pàng kok-koa, chit-má mā m̄ bián. Lāu 3 tâi (老 3 台) ta̍k-kang mā tī hòng-sàng chiat-bo̍k chêng seng pò͘ kok-koa, 1990 nî-tāi í-chêng mā ē phah \"Chàu (奏) kok-ka sî chhiáⁿ î-chhî siok-chēng (維持肅靜)\"--ê chèng-lēng soan-tō jī-khah (-字卡), taⁿ mā chhú-siau. Kok-koa koa-sû mā ū chiâⁿ chē nî hông siu kah kok-tiong kok-bûn khò-pún lâi kà , ia̍h hiān-chāi toā-poàⁿ kan-ta tī im-ga̍k khò-pún ū niā.\n\nCheng-gī\n--------\n\nIn-ūi Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Kok-koa--ê koa-sû bat sī Kok-bîn-tóng tóng-kun (黨軍) ha̍k-hāu (N̂g-po͘ Kun-hāu) khai-ha̍k sî hùn-sī--ê bûn-chiuⁿ kiam Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng--ê tóng-koa, ū-lâng khoàⁿ-chò sī í-chá tóng-kok (黨國) bô hun sî só͘ lâu--lo̍h-lâi--ê, tio̍h pâi-thek (排斥), chin chē lâng bô ài chhiùⁿ chit tiâu koa. Bîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng chip-chèng--ê koān-chhī toā-poàⁿ ēng chéng-chéng lí-iû thêng-pān goân-tàn (元旦)--ê seng-kî kap chhiùⁿ kok-koa tián-lé, ah tī chhiùⁿ--ê sî thiàu-koè \"ngô͘-tóng só͘ chong\" (吾黨所宗) hit toāⁿ. Bîn-kan pêng-sò͘ hán-tit chhiùⁿ, sīm-chì m̄ chai koa-sû--ê ì-sù.\n\nJî-chhiáⁿ, koa-sû thâu-kù--ê \"ngô͘-tóng\" (吾黨), sui-bóng kù soàⁿ-téng sû-tián *Hàn-tián* (漢典), ū \"lán\", ia̍h-sī \"gún kâng-hiong\"--ê ì-sù, tān-sī mā thang chí \"lán-ê chèng-tóng\" (Kok-bîn-tóng), tì-kàu siū-tio̍h bu̍t-gī (物議).\n\nChù-sek\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Adapted from a speech.\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"國歌的由來\". Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng. 2009-03-02 khòaⁿ--ê. (Koaⁿ-oē)\n2. ↑ \"第一首國歌 非現今三民主義歌\". Ōng-pò (旺報). 20110719. 20121226 khòaⁿ--ê.  Text \"Lîm Chong-sēng (林琮盛)\" ignored (help)(Koaⁿ-oē)\n3. 1 2 Lí Sū-chiau (李士釗) pian-e̍k (1947). *聯合國歌集* (ēng Hôa-gí). Siong-hái Káu-io̍k Su-tiàm. p. 20. (Koaⁿ-oē)\n4. ↑ \"國史館數位典藏計畫 > 中華民國國旗與國歌史料\". (Koaⁿ-oē)\n5. ↑ \"國史館 > 修纂研究 > 認識中華民國 > 國家符號\". (Koaⁿ-oē)\n6. ↑ Chu Mûi-lē (朱梅麗). \"The Republic of China Yearbook--Taiwan 2001\". Government Information Office. goân-loē-iông tī 2011-6-6 hőng khó͘-pih.  Cite uses deprecated parameter `|coauthors=` (help) (Eng-gí)\n7. ↑ \"Berlin Summer Olympics, 1936\". (Eng-gí)\n8. ↑ \"吾黨\" (Ngô͘-tóng) thang hoan-chò \"lán-ê tóng\" a̍h-sī \"lán-lâng\", chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ #Cheng-gī toāⁿ.\n9. ↑ 五甲國中學習加油站 Archived 2007-03-20 at the Wayback Machine. (Koaⁿ-oē)\n10. ↑ \"词语\"吾党\"的解释 汉典 zdic.net\". 20131225 khòaⁿ--ê. (Koaⁿ-oē)\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok\n* Sam-bîn Chú-gī\n* Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kok-kî Koa\n* Tâi-oân kok-koa\n* Gī-ióng-kun Chìn-hêng-khek: Hiān-chāi--ê Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok kok-koa\n\nGoā-kháu liân-kiat\n------------------\n\n* Kok-koa Iáⁿ-phìⁿ (Hêng-chèng-īⁿ Sin-bûn-kio̍k, tī Youtube)\n\t+ Koan-kong-phiⁿ Ha̍p-chhiùⁿ-pán\n\t+ Koan-kong-phiⁿ Ián-chàu-pán\n\t+ Chong-ha̍p-phiⁿ Ha̍p-chhiùⁿ-pán\n\t+ Chong-ha̍p-phiⁿ Ián-chàu-pán\n\t+ Kok-ka Kiàn-siat-phiⁿ Ha̍p-chhiùⁿ-pán\n\t+ Kok-ka Kiàn-siat-phiⁿ Ián-chàu-pán\n\t+ Jî-tông-phiⁿ Ha̍p-chhiùⁿ-pán\n\t+ Jî-tông-phiⁿ kà-chàu-pán\n* 國花、國旗、國歌 (Kok-hoe, kok-kî, kok-koa) Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Kok-chêng Kài-siāu (Hêng-chèng-īⁿ)","meta":{"title":"Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kok-koa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3031,8840,0.3428733031674208],"infobox":["\n\n
    Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kok-koa
    \n中華民國國歌
    Zhōnghuá Mínguó guógē
    \n
    Ga̍k-phó͘
    \n
    National \"\" Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok ê kok-koa
    Koa-sû\nSun E̍k-sian, 1924
    Im-ga̍k\nThiâⁿ Bō͘-ûn, 1928
    Khai-sí\n1930 (teh Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k)
    1945 (ten Tâi-oân)
    Kiat-sok\n1949 (teh Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍)
    \n

    Im-ga̍k chhì-thiaⁿ
    National Anthem of the Republic of China
    noicon
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":9932}} -{"text":"\n**Lio̍k-sù sū-kiāⁿ** (六四事件) iā kió choè **Thian-an-mn̂g sū-kiāⁿ** (天安門事件), kóng-gī lâi kóng chiū-sī **Pat-kiú bîn-ūn** (八九民運) ia̍h **Pat-kiú ha̍k-ūn** (八九學運), sī 1989 nî sî-hāu Tiong-kok jîn-bîn tī Thian-an-mn̂g Kóng-tiûⁿ ê khòng-gī ūn-tōng. Hia̍p-gī lâi kóng sī tī 1989 nî 6 goe̍h 3 ji̍t poàⁿ-mê kàu 6 goe̍h 4 ji̍t thiⁿ-kng sî Tiong-kok chèng-hú phài pō͘-tūi kap kíng-chhat tìn-ap ê tāi-chì.\n\n1989 nî 4 goe̍h 15 ji̍t, Tiong-kiōng Tiong-iong goân-lâi ê chóng-su-kì Ô͘ Iāu-pang koè-sin, chin choē tāi-ha̍k-seng kap Pak-kiaⁿ chhī-bîn tī Thian-an-mn̂g Kóng-tiûⁿ tō-liām i, í-āu hoat-tián sêng iau-kiû chèng-hú khòng-chè thong-hòe phòng-tiòng, chhú-lí sit-gia̍p, tham-u hú-pāi, chèng-hú būn-chek chèng-tō͘, sin-bûn chū-iû, kiat-siā chū-iû bîn-chú téng-téng būn-tê ê khòng-gī ūn-tōng. Ū 1,000,000 lâng kàu Thian-an-mn̂g Kóng-tiûⁿ ê khòng-gī. Tiong-kiōng Tiong-iong chóng-su-kì Tiō Chí-iông beh siūⁿ kap khòng-gī-chiá tâm-phòaⁿ kái-koat būn-tê.\n\nKàu kāng nî 5 goe̍h, Pak-kiaⁿ ha̍k-seng khai-sí choa̍t-si̍t, choân-kok ū 400 goā siâⁿ-chhī iā khai-sí hoat-tōng khòng-gī chi-chhî in. Tiong-kiōng Tiong-iong kun-úi chú-se̍k Tēng Siáu-pêng kap Kok-bū-īⁿ chóng-lí Lí Phêng chú-tiuⁿ tìn-ap, siū kàu kok-ka chú-se̍k Iûⁿ Siōng-khun, Tiong-kiōng goân-ló Tân Hûn kap Lí Sian-liām ê chi-chhî. 5 goe̍h 20 ji̍t, Lí Phêng soan-pò͘ Pak-kiaⁿ kài-giâm, tiàu-phài Tiong-kok Jîn-bîn Kái-hòng-kun 300,000 lâng lâi Pak-kiaⁿ tìn-ap, tī 1989 nî 6 goe̍h 3 ji̍t poàⁿ-mê kàu 6 goe̍h 4 ji̍t thiⁿ-kng sî khòng-chè liáu Thian-an-mn̂g Kóng-tiûⁿ. Hoán-tùi tìn-ap ê chóng-su-kì Tiō Chí-iông tī 6 goe̍h ê Tiong Kiōng 13 kài 4 Tiong Choân Hoē hā-tâi, iû Kang Te̍k-bîn kè-jīm. \n\nIn-ûi Tiong-kok koaⁿ-hong kū-choa̍t thàu-lō͘ sí-bông koh-khah chē ê chu-liāu, kàu kin-á-ji̍t sí-bông jîn-sò͘ iáu put-siông, kó͘-kè lóng-chóng ū pah kúi lâng kàu kúi bān lâng.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh89004135\n* GND: 4242020-9\n* SUDOC: 028368134\n* BNF: cb12021781v (data)\n* NDL: 00576926\n* NKC: ph249600\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Lio̍k-sù sū-kiāⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[743,2543,0.2921745969327566],"infobox":["
    Lio̍k-sù sū-kiāⁿ
    \n
    Sî-kan\n1989 nî 4 goe̍h 15 ji̍t – 1989 nî 6 goe̍h 4 ji̍t
    Tē-tiám\n
    Pak-kiaⁿ kap kî-thaⁿ 400 siâⁿ-chhī

    Thian-an-mn̂g Kóng-tiûⁿ 39°54′12″N 116°23′30″E / 39.90333°N 116.39167°E / 39.90333; 116.39167
    Chhiong-tu̍t-hong
    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    \nkhòng-gī-chiá
    Léng-tō-chiá
    \n\n\n\n
    \n\n
    Sí-siong
    Sí-bông\n180–10,454 pêng-bîn, 15–50 kun-jîn kap bú-kéng
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2289}} -{"text":"\n***Lām-tūi Collection -Lām Colle-*** (Hàn-jī: 艦隊 Collection -艦 Colle-; Li̍t-gú: 艦隊これくしょん -艦これ-, Hùn-lēng-sek: *Kantai Korekusyon -Kankore-*, ì-sù sī \"Lām-tūi Siu-chông\" (艦隊收藏)), sī Kak-chhoan Iû-hì (角川-) khai-hoat, DMM.com thê-kiong kap keng-êng--ê bāng-ia̍h iû-hì (網頁-), kán-lio̍k sī \"**Lām Colle**\" (艦これ. Kak-chhoan kap DMM.com ēng--ê miâ bô thóng-it, ū-sî-á kā miâ siá-choè **Lām-tūi Collection ~Lām Colle~** (艦隊これくしょん ～艦これ～).\n\nChē sī í Tē 2 pái sè-kài tāi-chiàn sî--ê Tāi-ji̍t-pún Tè-kok (大日本-)--ê kun-lām chò chú-tê, loē-iông sī sńg--ê lâng ài siu-khǹg kiò \"lām-niû\" (艦娘 (かんむす))--ê bêng-gí-jîn-hoà (萌擬人化) kioh-siàu--ê khah (卡), kā lām-niû kiông-hoà (強化), kái-chō, bo̍k-piāu sī tī chiàn-tiûⁿ phah-tó tùi-te̍k.\n\nIû-hì ūn-hêng (運行) su-iàu ū Adobe Flash iah-sī chi-oân HTML 5--ê liû-lám-khì (瀏覽器), koh ài liân kah bāng-lō͘.\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"艦\"--ê chiàⁿ-im sī \"lām\", sio̍k-im (俗音) \"kàm\".\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\nGōa-pō͘ Liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* *Lām-tūi Collection -Lām Colle-* KADOKAWA GAMES Archived 2013-12-06 at the Wayback Machine.(Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n\t+ *Lām-tūi Collection ~Lām Colle~* DMM.com(Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n\t+ *Lām Colle* khai-hoat kap êng-ūn--ê Twitter ia̍h(Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n* *Lām Colle* Fami Thong(通) Comic Clear(Ji̍t-pún-gí)","meta":{"title":"Lām-tūi Collection","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[311,1187,0.2620050547598989],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1434}} -{"text":"Ta--ê chhiū-phôe-tiâu, chhiū-phôe-hún kah sè-châng *Ceylon jio̍k-kùi* ê hoe\n*Cinnamomum verum*, from Koehler's *Medicinal-Plants* (1887)\nClose-up view of raw cinnamon bark\n**Jio̍k-kùi**, a̍h-sī **iû-kùi**, kuì-phuê, mā thang hō-chò **a-lí-sam**, sī chi̍t khoán ùi kúi-lō chióng jio̍k-kùi-sio̍k ê chhiū-á ê lōe-chhiū-phôe thê-liān--chhut-lâi ê hiang-liāu. Jio̍k-kùi chú-iàu ēng-lâi tòng-chò phang-bī ê tiâu-bī-liāu kah tiâu-bīêthiam-ka-che, tī kok-chióng bí-si̍t, tiⁿ-ê kah kiâm-ê liāu-lí, chá-tǹg ngó͘-kok, sì-siù-á, bagel, tê, sio chi-ku-la̍t chham thoân-thóng chia̍h-mi̍h lóng-ū sú-iōng--tio̍h. Jio̍k-kùi ê phang-khùi chham chu-bī sī ùi i ê cheng-iû kah i ê chú-iàu sêng-hun jio̍k-kùi-choân (*cinnamaldehyde*), iah-koh pau-hâm-tio̍h teng-hiang-iû-hun (*eugenol*) kî-thaⁿ chin chē sêng-hun lâi--ê.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 田內八百久万. \"肉桂\". 太田組事務所.\n2. ↑ M̄-chai. \"肉桂\". 國立臺中教育大學.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Cinnamomum verum\n* cinnamaldehyde\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\nKhì Wiktionary chhâ \n***Jio̍k-kùi (hiang-liāu)*** chit ê sû.\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on\n\n* ***Jio̍k-kùi (hiang-liāu)***\n\n |\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Cinnamomum verum*** |\n\n* \"In pictures: Sri Lanka's spice of life\". BBC News.","meta":{"title":"Jio̍k-kùi (hiang-liāu)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[265,1130,0.2345132743362832],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1438}} -{"text":"**Kín-siám--ê** (Hàn-jī: 緊閃兮, Eng-gí: *flashmob*) sī 1-tīn lâng àn-chiáu iok-sok ê sî-kan hut-jiân chı̍p-tiong tiàm iok-sok hó ê kong-kiōng tiûⁿ-só·. Kín-siám ê chham-ú-chiá it-poaⁿ chiàu ū-tēng ê hì-pún ián-chhut, liáu-aū chek-sî kip-sok sòaⁿ--khì. It-poaⁿ bē hoat sin-bûn-kó mā bô chiap-siū mûi-thé chhái-hóng.\n\nSiā-hōe ì-gī\n------------\n\nKín-siám--ê ê bo̍k-tek chē-chē khóan. Tōa-pō·-hūn tan-sûn beh sim-sek chı̍t-ē.\n\nKín-siám--ê chāi Tâi-oân\n------------------------\n\nTâi-oân chū 2003-nî 8-go̍eh khai-sí ū kín-siám oa̍h-tōng. Ū \"Tâi-ôan #1 Kín-siám Hêng-tōng\" thàu-kòe bāng-lō· soan-thôan beh tī 8-go̍eh 30 tiàm Tâi-pak Tiong-hàu SOGO chū-hōe. In beh lòng-cheng, chhiùⁿ-koa, hoah-hiu \"Happy New Year\", \"Gún beh tńg Hóe-chheⁿ lo·h!\" téng kháu-hō Archived 2004-04-07 at the Wayback Machine.. To̍k-phài kín-siám--ê bat tiàm Chiúⁿ Kài-chio̍h ê bōng-á-po· chū-hōe kháu-sé i ê sí-tiong chi-chhî-chiá. In chhēng hà-saⁿ ké chò hàu-lâm hàu-lú kā \"Chiúⁿ Kong\" \"chio-hûn\" .\n\nChham-kiàn\n----------\n\n* Critical Mass\n\nSòaⁿ-téng chu-gôan\n------------------\n\n* MashFlob :: The Worldwide Flashmob Community Archived 2019-01-26 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Flashmob.com Archived 2013-08-04 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Antimob.com","meta":{"title":"Kín-siám-ê","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[151,1110,0.13603603603603603],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1353}} -{"text":"Im-lông\n**Lān-pha** ê ki-su̍t bêng-sû hō·-chò **im-lông**. Che sī cha-po· tōng-bu̍t ê sèng-khì-koan ê chi̍t-pō·-hūn. Im-lông sī 1 ê tē-á, tī lān-chiáu āu-piah, kang-mn̂g (pùn-kháu) thâu-chêng, kah im-keng kāng-khoán sio̍k-î sin-khu ê gōa-kháu pō·-ūi. Im-lông hām pak-tó· ē-pêng ê phôe-hu sī kāng 1 phìⁿ cho·-chit. Tē-á ê po̍h-piah chú-iàu sī phôe-hu kah pêⁿ-ku̍t-kin (*dartos fascia*), lāi-té pun-chò tò-chiàⁿ 2 pêng, 1 pêng té 1 lia̍p ko-oân (lān-hu̍t) hām 1 tiâu hù-ko-oân (*epididymis*). Im-lông piah pí piⁿ--a ê phôe-hu khah chē sek-sò· (só·-í khah chhim-sek), koh ū chin chē iû-soàⁿ kah koāⁿ-soàⁿ, mā ū-kóa mo· sè-pau.\n\nIm-lông ū pó-hō· ko-oân ê lō·-iōng, koh in-ūi tī thé-gōa, ē-tàng î-chhî ko-oân ê un-tō· khah kē sin-khu chèng-siông ê tō·-sò· (37 °C), tì-tio̍h cheng-thâng ē-tit-thang chèng-siông hoat-tián. Un-tō· kiàn-nā kòe-thâu koân, im-lông ê piah ē pàng-sang, kui-ê tē-á pìⁿ làu-làu, tn̂g-tn̂g, án-ne khong-khì khah hó chài cháu ke ê jia̍t-liōng. Ah-nā un-tō· siuⁿ kē, tō ē hoán-tńg sok ân. Ūn-tōng a̍h-sī sèng-chhì-kek mā ē ín-khí sio-siâng ê chok-iōng.\n\nChi̍t-kóa-á tōng-bu̍t ê im-lông kò·-tēng khiu oá sin-khu, chhiūⁿ-kóng niáu-chhí, ti, bé. Só·-í in lēng-gōa ū ho̍k-cha̍p ê hoeh-kin hē-thóng lâi khòng-chè e̍k-oân ê un-tō·.\n\nIm-lông ê kàng-un kong-lêng ū-sî ē bô-hāu--khì. Hoat-koân-sio sī 1 ê in-sò·. Ū-kóa tōng-bu̍t tī joa̍h--lâng ê sî-chūn, oân-ná ē chiām-sî bē-seⁿ.\n\nSiong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* ? (Hydrocoele)\n* Chúi-sàn (\"tōa-lān-pha\")\n* Khì-sè","meta":{"title":"Lān-pha","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[49,1462,0.033515731874145006],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1724}} -{"text":"\nFante-gú [en] huan-i̍k ê Mormon king [en]; tsù-ì teh *N'AHYƐMU* tsit-ê su-gú tang-tiong iōng latin ên-sin jī-bió epsilon ⟨Ɛ⟩.\n**Ɛ** (sió-siá **ɛ**; ing-gú: Latin epsilon), kiò-tsò epsilon, latin-gú epsilon, hi̍k-tsiá khui-E, sī latin jī-bú lāi-té ê tsi̍t-ê ên-sin jī-bú [fr], iōng-teh tsi̍t-pah guā-tsióng hui-tsiu gú-giân hām tsi̍t-kuá-á Pak-bí-tsiu gú-giân ê su-siá lāi-té. Epsilon ê sió-siá phing-siá iah iōng-teh kok-tsè im-piau (IPA) hām kî-thann ê im-piau. Iōng-tsok jī-bú-piò lāi-té ê jī-bú ê sî-tsūn thong-siông kiò-tsò epsilon, m̄-ku teh tsù-im mā kiò-tsò khui-E. Put-jî-kò, tsit-ê epsilon m̄-sī Elláda-gú ê epsilon, iōng tuā-siá jī-bú piáu-sī ‹Ε›, iōng sió-siá jī-bú piáu-sī ‹ε›; tsiànn-sī iû-û tsit-ê guan-in, ‹ε› mā hông kiò-tsò latin epsilon.\n\nSú-iōng gú-giân\n---------------\n\nTeh hui-tsiu, latin jī-bió epsilon ɛ iōng-tsok guân-im lâi-siá tsia--ê gú-giân: Akan-gú, Bafia-gú, Bambara-gú (hi̍k-tsiá Mandenkan-gú), Baoulé-gú, Bassa-gú, Bwamu-gú, Dioula-gú, Douala-gú, Ewe-gú, Ewondo-gú, Gbe-gú, Ikposso-gú, Kakabé-gú, Komo-gú, Lika-gú, Lingala-gú, Loko-gú, Lomongo-gú, Maa-gú, Mangbetu-gú, Me'en-gú, Medumba-gú, Moré-gú, Mursi-gú, Ngiemboon-gú, Nuer-gú, Suri-gú, Wum-gú, Yala-gú, Yoruba-gú (teh Bénin) kah tsok-uî hù-im (tso̍k ian tshat-im [en], [ʕ ]) pian-siá ê Berber gú-giân [en].\n\nTeh Pak-bí-tsiu, latin jī-bió Epsilon ɛ iōng-teh su-siá Comox-gú [en], Sierra Otomi gú [en] kah Tenango-Otomi gú.\n\n### Berber gú-giân\n\nLatin-gú epsilon ‹ɛ› iōng teh piáu-sī Cho̍k ian chhat-im [en], [ʕ], teh kuí-ā-tsióng Berber gú-giân [en] ê su-siá tang-tiong, pí-jū Chleuh-gú, Kabyle-gú, Chaui-gú, Rifain-gú, Tamasheq-gú, Tunisia ê Celha-gú, nafusi-gú (teh Libia), siwi-gú (teh Ai-ki̍p及) tíng-tíng ê gú-giân. Tsi̍t-kuá su-siá-tsiá sú-iōng huán-sin ê ezh ‹ƹ› lâi thè-tāi.\n\n### Itali-gú\n\n* Trissino tang-tiong ê guân-im, Dubbii gú-huat, 1529.Trissino tang-tiong ê guân-im, Dubbii gú-huat, 1529.\n\nTsá-teh Bûn-gē ho̍k-hing sî-kî, lán-tio̍h huat-hiān epsilon hông iōng-tsok latin jī-bió lâi piáu-sī puânuàn khai tsîng put -tûn bú-im [ɛ] (kah ‹j, u ꞷ, ʃ› tsok-uî hun-pia̍t bô-kāng-khuán teh ‹i, v, o, s› ê jī-bú) teh Gian Giorgio Trissino thê-tshut ê itali-gú phing-siá kái-kik tang-tiong, tik-pia̍t sī tī 1524-nî tshut-pán ê \"Ɛpistola del Trissino de le lettere nuωvamente aggiunte ne la lingua Italiana publié\" tsit-pún tsheh lāi-té lóng ū lūn-su̍t tio̍h, pīng-teh Tolomeo Janiculo ê tsi̍t-kuá-á ê pán-pún tang-tiong huat-hiān, koh tsok-uî 1529-nî Dante Alighieri ê \"De the volgare eloquenzia\" ê tsài-pán, sú-iōng tio̍h Ludovico degli Arrighi ê luī-hîng.\n\n* Ludovico degli Arrighi ê iūnn-pún jī-thé, iû Tolomeo Janiculo khok-tián hām sú-iōng, tāi-iok tī 1522-nî, tshái-iōng epsilon hîng-sik.Ludovico degli Arrighi ê iūnn-pún jī-thé, iû Tolomeo Janiculo khok-tián hām sú-iōng, tāi-iok tī 1522-nî, tshái-iōng epsilon hîng-sik.\n\n### Phing-im jī-bú\n\nEllis tī 1848-nî tuì jī-bú epsilon ê biâu-su̍t, iōng ing-gú siá-ê, sú-iōng phing-im hîng jī-bió-piáu.\nLatin jī-bió epsilon kah kî-thann kui-ê piàn-thé hîng-thài ê ên-sin jī-bió iōng-teh Isaac Pitman hām Alexander John Ellis ê phing-im jī-bió-pió lāi-té.\n\nGú-giân-ha̍k\n------------\n\nƐ tāi-piáu tsit-ê guân-im hîng-thài ê tso̍k ian tshat-im [en] (teh kok-tsè im-piau lāi-té tsing-khak siá-tsò [ɛ]).\n\nPiàn-im hû-hō\n-------------\n\nTeh sú-iōng latin jī-bú su-siá it-tīng sòo-liōng ê gú-giân ê sî-tsūn, khai-hòng jī-bú E khó-lîng tsah-ū piàn-im hû-hō:\n\n* Ɛ̀/ɛ̀: tāng-im-hû [en] (piáu-sī im-tiāu)\n* Ɛ́/ɛ́: tsiam-im-hû [en] (piáu-sī im-tiāu)\n* Ɛ̂/ɛ̂: iông-ik-hû [en] accent circonflexe (piáu-sī im-tiāu)\n* Ɛ̌/ɛ̌: ik-iông-hû [en] (piáu-sī im-tiau)\n* Ɛ̄/ɛ̄: tn̂g-im-hû [en] (bangolan-gú [en])\n* Ɛ᷆/ɛ᷆: tn̂g-tāng im-hû (macron-grave)\n* Ɛ᷇/ɛ᷇: tsiam-tāng im-hû (aigu-macron)\n* Ɛ̱/ɛ̱: tn̂g-hā im-hû [en] (Tenango ê otomi, nuer gú-giân)\n* Ɛ̱̈/ɛ̱̈: tn̂g-hā [en] hām hun-im-hûm (nuer-gú)\n\nUnicode\n-------\n\nLatin jī-bú ‹ε› epsilon teh Unicode lāi-té kiò-tsò \"Khui-hong E\".\n\nJī-hîng khuànn-khí-lâi tshin-tshiūnn sió-siá ê epsilon. \n\n| Jī-hû | Ɛ | ɛ |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **Unicode bîng-tshing** | LATING TĀI-SIÁ JĪ-BÚ KHAI-HÒNG E | LATING SIÓ-SIÁ JĪ-BÚ KHAI-HÒNG E |\n| Pen-bé | 10 tsìn-tsè | 16 tsìn-tsè | 10 tsìn-tsè | 16 tsìn-tsè |\n| Unicode | 400 | U+0190 | 603 | U+025B |\n| UTF-8 | 198 144\n | C6 90 | 201 155\n | C9 9B |\n| Jī-hû ti̍k ín-iōng | Ɛ | Ɛ | ɛ | ɛ |\n\nKè-sǹg tāi-bé piáu-sī\n---------------------\n\nLatin jī-bú lāi-té ên-sin jī-bú epsilon ⟨ɛ⟩ (hông tshò-ngōo lâi kiò-tsò khui-hong ⟨e⟩) ē-tàng iōng i-hā ê Unicode (ên-sin latin jī-bú B, kok-tsè im-piau) jī-hû piáu-sī:\n\n| Hîng-sik | Jī-bú | Jī-hû ket-kòo | 16 tsìn-tsè tāi-bé | Suat-bîng | Pī-tsù |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Tuā-siá | **Ɛ** | ƐU+0190 | `U+0190` | Lating tuā-siá jī-bó ⟨Ɛ⟩ epsilon | |\n| Sió-siá | **ɛ** | ɛU+025B | `U+025B` | Lating sió-siá jī-bó ⟨ɛ⟩ epsilon | M̄-thang kah Elláda sió-siá jī-bú epsilon ⟨ε⟩ U+03B5 ko-m̄-tio̍h. |\n| Siu-kái-hîng | **ᵋ** | ᵋU+1D4B | `U+1D4B` | Lating siu-kái-hîng sió-siá jī-bó ⟨ᵋ⟩ | Im-piau pian-bé |\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms \"close\" and \"open\" for vowel height, many linguists use \"high\" and \"low\".\n2. ↑ Asmus Freytag, Rick McGowan et Ken Whistler, *Unicode Technical Note #27: Known Anomalies in Unicode Character Names*, The Unicode Consortium, 2006-05-08.\n3. ↑ Dante Alighieri, De la volgare eloquenzia (De la vꞷlgare ɛloquenzia), Vicence, Tolomeo Janiculo, 1529 (İtali-gú)\n4. ↑ Asmus Freytag; Rick McGowan; Ken Whistler (2006-05-08). \"Unicode Technical Note #27: Known Anomalies in Unicode Character Names\". The Unicode Consortium. 2009-02-24 khòaⁿ--ê. This is actually a Latin epsilon and should have been so called.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* Dante Alighieri, De la volgare eloquenzia (De la vꞷlgare ɛloquenzia), Vicence, Tolomeo Janiculo, 1529 (lire en ligne [archive]) (İtali-gú)\n* Alexander John Ellis (dir.), « Orijin and ᶙs ov Ƌɛ Fɷnetic Alfabet », Ƌɛ Fɷnetic Jurnal, no 1,‎ janvier 1848, p. 4-31 (lire en ligne [archive]) (Eng-gí)\n* Giovanni Giorgio Trissino, Ɛpistola del Trissino de le lettere nuωvamente aggiunte ne la lingua Italiana, Vicenza,‎ 1524 (lire en ligne [archive]) (İtali-gú)\n* Giovanni Giorgio Trissino, Dubbii Grammaticali, Vicenza, 1529 (lire en ligne [archive]) (İtali-gú)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Cho̍k ian chhat-im [en] (tso̍k ian tshat-im/Voiced pharyngeal fricative)\n* International Phonetic Association\n* Vowel height\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* \n\n* Ɛ on the website Scriptsource.org(Eng-gí)\n* \n\n* ɛ on the website Scriptsource.org(Eng-gí)\n* \n\n* ᵋ on the website Scriptsource.org(Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Ɛ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2830,6058,0.4671508748761968],"infobox":["
    Ɛ
    \nƐ ɛ
    Sú-iōng huat
    Su-siá hē-thóng\nLating jī-bió
    Luī-hîng\nJī-bió
    Gú-im sú-iōng\nIt-puann piáu-sī puànn khai tîng put uân-tûn bú-im.
    Unicode bé-uī\n(U+0190, U+025B, U+1D4B)
    Li̍k-sú
    Huat-tén\n
    • Ɛ ɛ
    Kî-thañ
    \nPún-bûn pau-kuah IPA gú-im hû-hō. Bô sik-tong ê nńg-ngē-thé ê tsi-uān, lí khó-lîng ē khuàñ-tio̍h gue̍h-bâi, tuāñ-lo̍h hû-hō, ia̍h-sī kî-thañ ê hû-hō, ten-tò m̄ sī Unicode ê dzī-hû. İú-kuan IPA hû-hō ê dzı̽p-mn̂g tsí-lâm, tshiáñ tsham-ua̍t Pang-tsān:IPA.
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7103}} -{"text":"\n**Bard** sī iû Google khai-hoat ê seⁿ-sêng-sek jîn-kang tì-lêng khai-káng ke-khì-lâng, chi̍t khai-sí sī kin-kì tōa-hêng gí-giân bô͘-hêng LaMDA hē-lia̍t, bóe-á sī kin-kì PaLM2. Bard sī ūi-tio̍h beh èng-tùi OpenAI kong-si khai-hoat ê ChatGPT khai-káng ke-khì-lâng heng-khí só͘ khai-hoat--ê. Tī 2023 nî 3 goe̍h í iú-hān ê kui-bô͘ thui-chhut, 2023 nî 5 goe̍h khok-tián kàu koh-khah chē kok-ka.\n\nBard tī 2023 nî 2 goe̍h chhe 6 hoat-piáu, tī 2023 nî 3 goe̍h 21 thui-chhut. Tē-it phoe khai-hòng Bí-kok kap Eng-kok ê iōng-hō͘ sin-chhéng ka-ji̍p tán-thāi miâ-toaⁿ. Bard ê tē-it ê pán-pún sī sú-iōng Google kong-si tī 2021 nî hoat-piáu ê LaMDA tōa-hêng gí-giân bô͘-hêng khai-hoat--ê. 2023 nî 4 goe̍h 10 hō, kái ēng koh-khah kiông-tāi ê PaLM tōa-hêng gí-giân bô͘-hêng, lâi cheng-kiông i-ê ūn-soàn lêng-le̍k, hām GhatGPT lâi kèng-cheng. 2023 nî 5 goe̍h 10 hō, PaLM pī chìn chi̍t pō͘ keng-sin chò PaLM2. Hit-pái ê keng-sin si̍t-hiān liáu to-gí-giân hoan-e̍k kap cheng-kiông ê lô-chi̍p thui-lí lêng-le̍k. Tī hit kang kí-hêng ê Google khai-hoat-chiá tāi-hōe Google I/O 2023 siōng, soan-pò͘ cheng-ka tùi Ji̍t-gí kap Hân-gí ê chi-oān, chhú-siau tán-thāi miâ-toaⁿ, mā thang tī koh-khah chē kok-ka sú-iōng. 2023 nî 7 goe̍h 13, Bard khai-sí chi-oān Hôa-gí.\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 \"Where you can use Bard\". Google Support. goân-loē-iông tī May 12, 2023 hőng khó͘-pih. July 13, 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ David, Emilia (July 20, 2023). \"The AI wars might have an armistice deal sooner than expected\". *The Verge]*. goân-loē-iông tī July 20, 2023 hőng khó͘-pih. July 25, 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām\n* White paper","meta":{"title":"Google Gemini","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[548,1760,0.31136363636363634],"infobox":["\n
    Google Gemini
    \n 
    \n
    Khai-hoat\nGoogle AI
    Goân-chho͘
    pán-pún    		\n2023 nî 3 goe̍h 21 ji̍t;​ 10 kò go̍eh í-chêng​ (2023-03-21)
    Ún-tēng
    pán-pún    		\n
    2023.07.13\n / 2023 nî 7 goe̍h 13 ji̍t;​ 6 kò go̍eh í-chêng​ (2023-07-13)
    Chi-ōan\n46 languages
    238 countries
    Lūi-hêng\nChatbot
    Siū-koân\nProprietary
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1804}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Hoe-thiâu |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| *Periophthalmus modestus* |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Actinopterygii |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Perciformes |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Gobiidae |\n| A-kho: | Oxudercinae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Hoe-thiâu**/**hoe-thiâu-hî**, mā hō chò **thiâu-á-hî** iah-sī **khōng-khiang-á**, sī seng-oa̍h tī chhián-hái ê chi̍t-chióng hî-á, ē-tàng tī lio̍k-tē seng-oa̍h. In sī kui tī Gobiidae kho, Oxudercinae a-kho ê seng-bu̍t. Tiàm hái-phiâⁿ khiā-khí ê hái-hî toā-hūn bih toà tâm hái-chháu ē-bīn he̍k-chiá-sī chhàng tī chúi-khut-á (tide pool) lāi oa̍h-miā. Chóng--sī hoe-thiâu ū sek-èng chit-khoán lióng-chhe khoân-kéng ê te̍k-sû hoat-tō͘, pau-koat iōng phoê-hu chhoán-khùi (cutaneous air breathing) kap tī hái-ùn ê nńg-thô͘--ni̍h ku̍t chhim khang bih. Hoe-thiâu kan-taⁿ tī jia̍t-tāi, a-jia̍t-tāi ū tè chhoē, che pau-hâm Ìn-tō͘-thài-pêng-iûⁿ (Indo-Pacific) kap Hui-chiu ê Tāi-se-iûⁿ hái-hoāⁿ.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\nOgawa Naoyosi, pian. (1932). \"hoe-thiâu 花鮡\". *臺日大辭典* Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*]. **Hā-koàn**. p. 806. OCLC 25747241. \n\n\n1. ↑","meta":{"title":"Hoe-thiâu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[150,966,0.15527950310559005],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1324}} -{"text":"\n\n**Tsin-kong Siân-sī** (真光禪寺; Zhen Guang Zen Temple; Tsin-kong sên-sī (Цин-коӈ сêн-сӣ); Цинкон Дзен Храм), khiā tī Tâi-uân Tâi-pak tshī Sìn-gī khu Hok-tik keTshiūnn-suann suann-io ê nn̄g-tsàn lâu-á hiān-tāi kiàn-tio̍k biō-sī. Tsin-kong Siân-sī tsit-king biō-sī khí-teh 1967-nî, iû Sìng-huē (聖慧) lāu huê-siūnn sóo tshòng-kiàn. Hiān-jīm tsū-tshî uî Siông-suân (常船) huat-su.\n\nLi̍k-sú iân-kik\n---------------\n\nTī 1974-nî Tāi-pi tiān (大悲殿) kap Tāi-hiông pó-tiān (大雄寶殿) nn̄g tāi-tiān sio-suà uân-sîng. Liáu-āu, Sìng-huē (聖慧) lāu huê-siūnn tī 1986-nî 3-gue̍h uân-tsi̍k (圓寂). Tsin-kong Siân-sī ê tsoo-tsit hîng-thài uî kuán-lí jîn tsi tsè-tōo, tsè-tián ji̍t-kî tio̍h-sī ta̍k-nî lông-li̍k ê 4-gue̍h tshe 8 io̍k-hu̍t tsiat (浴佛節).\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 真光禪寺,\"真光禪寺簡介\",真光禪寺首頁, retrieved on Jan.27,2024.\n2. 1 2 Shepherd's Wolf,\"1011209信義-松山煤礦(松山一坑、松山二坑、松山三坑)\",放羊的狼 ,blogspot.com,2012-12-9, Sunday.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 台北市民政局編，《台北市寺廟概覽》，1994年，台北市，台北市民政局。(Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Tshiūnn-suann (Tâi-pak tshī)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 真光禪寺\n* 真光禪寺Facebook\n* 真光禪寺--台灣好廟網\n* 真光禪寺--中研院地理資訊系統","meta":{"title":"Chin-kong Siân-sī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[643,1420,0.4528169014084507],"infobox":["
    Tsin-kong Siân-sī
    (Zhen Guang Zen Temple)
    Chong-kàu
    Chong-kàu\nHu̍t-kàu
    Só͘-chāi
    Só͘-chāi\n110 Tâi-uân Tâi-pak tshī Sìn-gī khu Hok-tik ke 221-hāng 200-hō
    Kiàn-tio̍k
    Lūi-hêng\nHu̍t-sī
    Oân-kang\n1967-nî khai-sí kiò-tsò
    1974-nî Tāi-pi tiān (大悲殿) í-ki̍p Tāi-hiông pó-tiān (大雄寶殿) nn̄g-tiān lo̍k-sîng.
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1353}} -{"text":"Type of Surface-to-air missilePang-bô͘:SHORTDESC:Type of Surface-to-air missile\n**HQ-22 hông-khong tō-tān hē-thóng** (ing-gú: HQ-22; hàn-gú: 紅旗-22防空導彈系統) tē-tuì-khong hui-tân, sī Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng-kun khong-kun pōo-tuī tsong-pī ê tsi̍t-khuànn ki-tōng-sik tiong-ko khong, tiong-tîng tē-tuì-khong tō-tân bú-khì hē-thóng. Iû Tiong-kok hâng-thian kho-kang si̍p-īnn gián-tsè. HQ-22 tē-khong tō-tān bú-khì hē-thóng tsú-iàu iōng-teh tuì-hù kok-luī sann-tāi tsok-tsiàn hui-ki, bú-tsong ti̍t-sing-ki, tiong-ko khong bô-jîn-ki tíng-tíng khong-khì tōng-li̍k bo̍k-piau, tuì tsiàn-su̍t khong-tē hui-tân mā ū hông-gū lîng-li̍k, tsú-iàuiōng teh khu-i̍k, iau-tē hông-khong, iōng-teh thè-tài HQ-2 í-ki̍p HQ-12 tē-khong tō-tân. Tī 2016-nî 11-gue̍h HQ-22 hông-khong tō-tân hē-thóng teh Tsu-hái hâng-tián siú-tshù kong-khai siòng-kng, pīng í-king tsong-pī teh Tiong-kok khong-kun pōo-tuī. Tī 2017-nî 7-gue̍h 30-ji̍t Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng-kun kiàn-kun 90 tsiu-nî ia̍t-ping-sik tíng-kuân thâu-tsi̍t-pái tsham-ia̍t.\n\nkài-su̍t\n--------\n\nHQ-22 tē-khong tō-tān tshái-iōng ki-tōng-sik kun-iōng khah-tshia ūn-su hām huat-siā pênn-tâi, tshia-tsài sì-liân-tsng huat-siā-tâng uai-tshua̍h huat-siā bôo-sik, bī tshái-iōng suî-ti̍t huat-siā ki-su̍t. Bī tshái-iōng suî-ti̍t kah i-ê tsok-tsiàn su-sióng iú-kuan, suî-ti̍t huat-siā tsing-ka hui-tân ê siat-kè hām tsè-tsō ê lân-tōo, khi-pîng huat-siā sui-jiân tsuân-hiòng kong-kik-li̍k khah-tsha; tsok-uî tsi̍t-khuànn puànn iông-kú tīn-tē pōo-sú ê iau-tē hông-khong hē-thóng, Hū-tsik ê tsa̍h-tn̄g khong-i̍k ki-pún kòo-tīng, ē-tàng teh hui-tân huat-siā tsîng tuì-tsún bo̍k-piau lâi-si̍p (來襲) ê hong-hiòng. Tshia-tsài 4-kū huat-siā tháng tshái-iōng tshân (田) jī-hîng pòo-kio̍k, hui-tān tû-tsûn teh hong-pì sik ê huat-siā tháng lāi-té.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 解放军首支装备红旗22导弹部队曝光 拱卫首都\n2. ↑ \"红旗22导弹：防空\"竹竿\"的精神传人\". Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2020-12-15. 2020-10-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (中國航天科工集團)\n* Hái-kun hō chhàng-kàm\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* HQ-22 -- Long-range air defense missile system","meta":{"title":"HQ-22 hông-khong tō-tān hē-thóng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[884,2658,0.3325808878856283],"infobox":["
    HQ-22 hông-khong tō-tān hē-thóng
    \n
    Serbia lio̍k-kun FK-3 (HQ-22 ê su-tshut khuán)
    Luī-hîng\nSurface-to-air missile
    Guân-sán-tē\nTiong-kok
    Ho̍k-i̍k kì-lo̍k
    Ho̍k-i̍k kî-kan\n2017 – bo̍k-tsîng
    Sú-iōng tsiá\nTsham-ua̍t
    Ki-pún tsu-guân
    Tāng-liōng\n~ 1,300 kilograms (2,900 lb)
    Tn̂g-tōo\n~ 7 metres (23 ft)
    Ti̍t-kìng\n~ 0.7 metres (2 ft 4 in)
    Tuâñ-thâu\n~ 180 kilograms (400 lb)
    Detonation
    mechanism
    		\nTshiong-kik/Tsiap-kīn
    \n
    E̋n-z̩ín\nRocket mòo-tà
    Thui-tsìn-khì\nSolid fuel
    Ūn-tsok huān-uî\n170 kilometres (110 mi)
    Hui-hîng kuân-tōo\n50 metres (160 ft) tsì 27 kilometres (17 mi)
    Tō-ín hē-thóng\nSemi-active radar homing/radio-command guidance
    Huat-siā
    pêñ-tâi
    		\nHàn-iông 8×8
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2352}} -{"text":"Babe Ruth\n**George Herman \"Babe\" Ruth, Jr.** (1895 nî 2 goe̍h 6 - 1948 nî 8 goe̍h 16), mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hông kiò-choè \"**The Bambino**\" ia̍h-sī \"**The Sultan of Swat**\", sī Bí-kok ê iá-kiû soán-chhiú. Tī Toā-liân-bêng tùi 1914 nî phah kàu 1935 nî. I siāng chhut-miâ--ê tio̍h sī chiâⁿ gâu kòng home run. I sī thâu-1-ê tī 1-ê kiû-kùi kòng-chhut 60-ki home run ê soán-chhiú (1927), chit-ê kì-lo̍k koè 34 tang liáu chiah hō͘ Roger Maris tī 1961 nî chhiau-koè. I kui seng-gâi lóng-chóng kòng-chhut 714-ki home run, 1935-nî thè-hiu liáu-āu 39 tang mā it-ti̍t lóng sī Toā-liân-bêng ê kì-lo̍k, kàu 1974 chiah hō͘ Hank Aaron tu̍t-phoà.\n\nBé-bih Lù-suh(Babe Ruth) sī Bí-kok chit-gia̍p iá-kiû le̍k-sú siōng, siōng kài tāi-piáu sèng ê siang-to-liû (jī-to-liû) soán-chhiú, ē tâu koh ē kòng, bat chò tâu-chhiú kah gōa-iá-chhiú, seng-gâi tiong-kî chiām-chiām kò͘-tēng ēng táⁿ-kek-chiá ê sin-hūn lâi chhut-sài. Tòa-niá Bó͘-su-tòng Âng-boe̍h-á tūi (Boston Redsox) iâⁿ tio̍h saⁿ pái ê sè-kài tāi-sài koan-kun, mā Tòa-niá Niú-iok-khuh Iáng-khi-sù(Newyork Yankees) iâⁿ tio̍h 4 kái ê sè-kài tāi-sài koan-kun, sī Bí-kok iá-kiû-sú siōng, siōng kài chhut-miâ ê kiû-oân chi it, hông kèng-chheng chò sī iá-kiû chi sîn. 2005 nî tī Bí-kok só͘ kí-pān ê tâu-phiò oa̍h-tāng 《siōng úi-tāi ê Bí-kok lâng 》 tang-tiong, Bé-bih Lù-suh pâi tī tē 14 miâ, khì hông soán chò sī Bí-kok siōng kài úi-tāi ê jîn-bu̍t, pâi tī tē 14 ūi.\n\nGín-á-sî\n--------\n\n1895 nî, Bé-bih Lù-suh chhut-sì tī Bí-kok tang-pō͘ Pau-tí-mo͘h chhī (Baltimore city). In-ūi ka-kéng bô hó, in pē-bú ūi-tio̍h beh taⁿ khí chhù lāi ê chhâ, iû, iâm, bí, chiùⁿ, chhò͘, chhâ, ta̍k kang bô êng leh chò khang-khòe, chiok kut-la̍t leh thàn chîⁿ, soah tì-sú kóng bô hit-lō ê sim-sîn kah sî-kan thang khì chiàu-kò͘ Bé-bih Lù-suh, tùi i ê kàu-io̍k ū so͘-hut khì. Bô lâng koán-kà ê Bé-bih Lù-suh soah chôaⁿ-á bô-ì-tiong khì o̍h pháiⁿ khì, chhan-chhiūⁿ kóng ē khì kâng thau the̍h mi̍h-kiāⁿ lah, Hâm lâng oan-ke sio phah lah, chióng-chióng put-liông ê hêng-ûi. Chò ha̍k-seng gín-á tha̍k-chheh ê sūn, i khì hông thè-ha̍k gō͘ pái, it-ti̍t kàu tē-la̍k pái khì ha̍k-hāu tha̍k-chheh, tú-tio̍h chi̍t-ê chiâⁿ ài-sim ê lāu-su Má-sia-chhù (Marshez) liáu-āu, chiah chin-chiàⁿ kái-piàn i ê it-seng. Má-sia-chhù ēng i ê ài-sim khì kā Bé-bih Lù-suh kám-hòa, hō͘ i chóng-sǹg sī hē koat-sim beh kā éng-pái-á só͘-ū ê pháiⁿ si̍p-koàn lóng chóng kái tiāu. In-ūi Bé-bih Lù-suh bô ài tha̍k-chheh, Má-sia-chhù tio̍h tûi ūn-tōng hong-bīn khì thàm i ê chiâm-lêng, soah án-ne lâi khì hoat-kiàn kóng Bé-bih Lù-suh tī iá-kiû hong-bīn ê thian-hūn, chôaⁿ-á kà i kut-la̍t liān iá-kiû. Hō͘ Bé-bih Lù-suh tùi chi̍t-ê kui kang lōng-liú-lian, hâm lâng ká-kûn sêng-tóng ê m̄-chiâⁿ gín-á, piàn-chò chi̍t-ê jia̍t-ài iá-kiû ê jia̍t-hiat siàu-liân. In-ūi Bé-bih Lù-suh ê chhiú-kut chho͘-ióng, pì-le̍k bē bái. Thâu-khí-seng ê siú-pī ūi-tì sī pó͘-chhiú. Put-lī-kò Bé-bih Lù-suh ê koàn-ēng-chhiú sī tò chhiú, éng-chūn-á tò-chhiú ê iá-kiû chhiú-thò iáu-bōe liōng-sán, bô sáⁿ lâng leh chò, só͘-í nā tùi-chhiú leh tō-lúi thau-cháu ê sūn, i tio̍h ài tāi-seng kā chhiú-thò pak tiāu, liáu-āu chiah koh kā kiû thoân ùi jī-lúi khì. Tio̍h chún kóng sī án-ne hiah bô hong-piān, i ûn-ná ū châi-tiāu thang khò i kiaⁿ lâng ê pì-le̍k kā tùi-chhiú hong-sat tiāu, ū chi̍t kang, Bé-bih Lù-suh in hit-tūi ê tâu-chhiú it-ti̍t khì hông kòng an-táⁿ, Bé-bih Lù-suh tī sū-seng bô chiap tio̍h thong-ti ê chōng-hóng hā, peh khit-li̍h kah tâu-chhiú lûn-á téng, tam-jīm tâu-chhiú, Bé-bih Lù-suh m̄ bat chò-kòe tâu-chhiú, só͘ tâu--chhoaih ê kiû-sok soah chin kín, koh chin gâu nǹg. Chhú-āu Bé-bih Lù-suh chôaⁿ-á kái-chò tâu-chhiú khì.\n\nTōa-liân-bêng seng-gâi\n----------------------\n\nBé-bih Lù-suh chho͘-chho͘ sī ēng tâu-chhiú ê sin-hūn khì kah Pau-tí-mo͘h Kim-eng-tūi lâi chhiam-iok, m̄-koh Kim-eng-tūi tī 1914 nî hoat-seng châi-chèng būn-tê, chôaⁿ-á kā i choán-bē hō͘ Bó͘-su-tòng Âng-boe̍h-á tūi, kè-sio̍k leh chò tâu-chhiú. In-ūi i iu-siù ê sêng-chek kah hông-gū-lu̍t (ERA), Bé-bih Lù-suh chiâⁿ chò Âng-boe̍h-á tūi su-tong-sî ê ông-pâi tâu-chhiú. 1920 nî Âng-boe̍h-á tūi ēng cha̍p-bān kho͘ bí-kim ê kè-siàu, kā i bē khì hō͘ Iáng-khi-sù. In-ūi hit-chūn-á Iáng-khi-sù í keng ū kúi-nā ūi iu-siù ê tâu-chhiú, Bé-bih Lù-suh chôaⁿ-á choán jīm chò gōa-iá-chhiú. Soah in-ūi án-ne koh lâi tián-sī tio̍h i kòng Hông-but-láng (Homerun)ê thian-hūn, mā in-ūi án-ne khì chhòng-chō bē chió kì-lo̍k. 1935 nî koh hông ùi Iáng-khi-sù bē khì Bó͘-su-tòng Ióng-sū-tūi, tī hit nî lâi kiat-sok i ê chit-gia̍p seng-gâi, soan-pò͘ thè-hiu, lâu bē chió kì-lo̍k tī--leh, kî-tiong 714 ki Hông-but-láng ê kì-lo̍k, it-ti̍t kàu 1974 nî chiah khì hō͘ Hàng-khuh A-lông(Hank Aaron) phòa khì. 1936 nî chiâⁿ chò thâu-phoe ji̍p-soán iá-kiû bêng-jîn-tông ê 5 lâng chi it. 1998 nî ūn-tōng sin-bûn kā i pâi tòa pah tōa iá-kiû-oân ê tē-it ūi. 1999 nî iû kiû-bê soán ji̍p sè-kí kiû-tūi. Niú-iok-khuh Iáng-khi-sù mā chiong i pōe hō 3 hō ê kiû saⁿ, éng-kiú thè-hiu(éng-kiú khiàm hoan). 2006 nî khì hō͘ Bé-lí Pàng-chhuh(Barry Bonds) phah phòa tò chhiú táⁿ-kek-chiá siōng chē Hông-but-láng ê kì-lo̍k. \n\n \n\nBé-bih Lù-suh ê chiù-chōa: Kò͘-sū ê khí-thâu sī tī 1918 nî Bó͘-su-tòng Âng-boe̍h-á the̍h tio̍h sè-kài tāi-sài koan-kun liáu-āu, kiû-tūi ê thâu-ke ūi tio̍h beh kái-koat châi-bū būn-tê, kóng kā kiû-tūi tīn-iông tiong ê ông-pâi bêng-chheⁿ Bé-bih Lù-suh, koân-kè bē hō͘ sè-siû Niú-iok-khuh Iáng-khi-sù. Che pún-chiâⁿ sī chi̍t-ê siong-gia̍p ê hêng-ûi niâ, m̄-koh Bó͘-su-tòng Âng-boe̍h-á soah tī chhú-āu ê peh-cha̍p-la̍k tang lāi, lóng kah sè-kài tāi-sài koan-kun bô iân, bô koh the̍h tio̍h sè-kài tāi-sài koan-kun. It-ti̍t kàu 2004 nî chiah koh chài-tō͘ iâⁿ tio̍h sè-kài tāi-sài koan-kun. Bîn-kan liû-thoân peh-cha̍p gōa tang chêng, Bé-bih Lù-suh chai-iáⁿ kóng ka-tī khì hō͘ Âng-boe̍h-á tūi bē-tiāu ê sî bat kóng kòe: \"góa chiù-chōa Âng-boe̍h-á tūi tī góa pah-nî liáu-āu ê chi̍t-pah tang lāi, éng-oán long the̍h bē-tio̍h chóng koan-kun\". \n\nHông-but-láng ê ī-giân: 1932 nî ê sè-kài tāi-sài, Bé-bih Lù-suh tī tē-saⁿ ê táⁿ-se̍k, chhiú chhun chhut-khì, kí hiòng siàn-tah (center tiong-gōa-iá ) ê lō͘-thian khàn-tâi. Āu chi̍t kiû tio̍h kā tâu-chhiú só͘ tâu ê kiû kòng ùi chhiú-chéng-thâu-á só͘ kí ê khàn-tâi hong-hiòng, ba̍uh chi̍t ki Hông-but-láng.\n\n \n\nBé-bih Lù-suh sī Bí-kok iá-kiû-kài siōng kài úi-tāi ê kiû-oân, mā sī éng-oán ê thoân-kî eng-hiông. Sū-si̍t, tī hit ê nî-tāi, iá-kiû ê hoat-tián sī khah phian-hiòng sió-kiû bûn-hòa ê pí-sài, 1900 nî-tāi kàu 1920 nî-tāi sīm-chì koh hông kóng chò sī iá-kiû ê sí-kiû sî-tāi. Su-tong-sî iá-kiû ê pí-sài ēng-kiû m̄-nā m̄ pí chit-má ê pí-sài ēng-kiû chiah-ni̍h-á gâu tôaⁿ, ū tân-sèng, tâu-chhiú koh thang khian chhùi-nōa kiû ( chhiú-chéng-thâu-á kō kóa chhùi-nōa, ā sī phùi kòa chhùi-nōa, loeh sa kiû lâi khian), só͘-í kóng beh kòng tn̂g-táⁿ, kiû beh kòng hn̄g sī chin oh kòng. Án-ne ê iân-kò͘ tùi táⁿ-kek-chiá sī hui-siông ê put-lī, m̄ chiah táⁿ-kek-chiá it-poaⁿ-te̍k lóng kan-na siūⁿ kóng beh kā kiû kòng ùi hông-siú ê làng-phāng tio̍h hó, in siūⁿ kóng bat-tah tōa-ē kā hàiⁿ chhut-khì beh ba̍uh tn̂g-táⁿ ê ki-hōe chiâⁿ kē, hong-hiám koh siuⁿ koân, án-ne kin-pún to bē hô. M̄-koh, it-ti̍t kàu Bé-bih Lù-suh kòng Hông-but-láng ê piáu-hiān chiah hō͘ ta̍k-ê liáu-kái tio̍h tōa-phàu ê Hông-but-láng hāu-èng, kā iá-kiû ín-chhōa kàu sin ê kéng-kài. 1919 nî Bé-bih Lù-suh iáu tī Âng-boe̍h-á tūi leh chò tâu-chhiú ê sî, tio̍h í keng leh chhòng-chō le̍k-sú ah. Tong-nî i tan-kùi kòng 29 ki Hông-but-láng, phah phòa hit-chūn-á ê kì-lo̍k, 1920 nî, 1921 nî koh liân-sòa phòa tōa-liân-bêng tan-kùi Hông-but-láng ê kì-lo̍k, 1927 nî koh chhòng hā tan-kùi 151 tiûⁿ pí-sài kòng 60 ki Hông-but-láng ê kì-lo̍k. Bat 6 kái khì the̍h tio̍h táⁿ-tiám-ông, 12 kái khì the̍h tio̍h Hông-but-láng ông, chit-gia̍p sìⁿ-miā ū sì ê kiû-kùi táⁿ-tiám khah ke 150 hun, sì ê kiû-kùi Hông-but-láng kòng chhiau-kòe 50 ki, cha̍p ê kiû-kùi Hông-but-láng kòng chhiau-kòe 40 ki, chia ê kì-lo̍k kàu taⁿ iáu sī tōa-liân-bêng ê kì-lo̍k.","meta":{"title":"Babe Ruth","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,7685,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":9008}} -{"text":"*\"096 hîng tsiâm-tíng'* (Type 096 submarine) sī Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng kun hái-kun tshàng-tíng pōo-tuī ê tē-3 tāi []tān-tō tō-tān tshàng-kàm]] (Ballistic missile submarine (SSBN)), 09IV hîng hi̍k (Nuclear power submarine) tsiâm-tíng ê āu-kè hîng. Tsit hîng tshàng-kàm tī 2020 nî-tāi khai-sí kiàn-tsō, pīng-tshiánn phuè-pī JL-3 SLBM.\n\nUì tsuè-kīn ê hun-sik thui-tuān, Tiong-kok ū-kè teh pun sè-kí ê āu kui-nî uân-sîng 096-hîng, pīng-tshiánn tâu-ji̍p sú-iōng.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"United States Office of the Secretary of Defense: Annual Report To Congress 2017\" (PDF). *Department of Defense*. p. 24.\n2. ↑ \"2021 Report on Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China\" (PDF). *Department of Defense*. p. 49.\n3. ↑ Greg Torode. \"Inside Asia's arms race: China near 'breakthroughs' with nuclear-armed submarines, report says\". *Reuters*.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* People's Liberation Army Navy Submarine Force\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 096 nuclear ballistic missile submarine becomes a nightmare for the US military\n* Report casts light on China’s submarine fleet","meta":{"title":"096 hîng chiâm-téng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[476,959,0.49635036496350365],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1172}} -{"text":"The MIRV U.S. Peacekeeper missile, with the re-entry vehicles highlighted in red.\nTechnicians secure a number of Mk21 re-entry vehicles on a Peacekeeper MIRV bus.\nLGM-118A Peacekeeper MIRV at the National Museum of the United States Air Force.\nA Trident II missile, operated exclusively by the US Navy and Royal Navy. Each missile can carry up to 14 warheads.\n**To bo̍k-piau tiông-huán tāi-khì-tsân tsài-kū** (ing-gú: multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (**MIRV**)) sī tsi̍t-tsióng tāi-kh-tsân guā tān-tō tō-tān ū-hāu hū-tsài, pau-kuat to-ê tān-tiôu, ta̍k ê tān-tiôu lóng ē-tàng siòng-tsún bô kāng-khuán ê bo̍k-piau. Tsit-ê kài-liām kiōng-beh tsóng--sī kah tsah hi̍k-tān-thiô ê tsiu-tsè tān-tō tō-tān sio kuan-liân, nā-tsún bô giâm-keh hān-tsè in. Sio-pí tsi-hā, tan-it tān-thiô sī tan-ê tō-tān tíng-kuân ê tan-ê tān-thiô. Tiong-kan tsîng-hóng sī to-tshù tsài-ji̍p hui-hîng-khì (MRV) tō-tān, i tsah tsiânn-tsē ê tān-thiû; tsia--ê tān-thiû sī hun-suànn ê m̄-kuh m̄ sī tan-to̍k biâu-tsún ê, bo̍k-tsiân khak-jīn pōo-sú MIRV tō-tān hē-thóng ê kan-na ū bí-kok, ing-kok, huat-kok, gô-lô-su. Tiong-kok,kah ìn-tōo. Pakistan tng-teh khai-huat MIRV tō-tān hē-thóng. Israel hông huâi-gî ióng-iú hi̍k-tsiá tng-teh gián-tsè MIRV.\n\nTē 1 ê tsin-tsiànn ê MIRV siat-kè sī Minuteman III, tī 1968-nî siú-tshù sîng-kong tshik-tshì pīngkoh tī 1970-nî tâu-ji̍p si̍t-tsè sú-iōng. Bîn-ping III tsng-ū sann-ê khah sè ê W62 tān-thiô, ta̍k ê tān-thiô tāi-iok 170 tùn TNT (710 TJ), í-lâi tāi-thè tsit-khuán tān-thiô tsá-kî pán-pún tang-tiong sú-iōng ê tān-ê 1.2 tiāu tùn TNT (5.0 PJ) W56. Uì 1970-nî kàu 1975-nî, Bí-kok uì tsiàn-lio̍k khong-kun su-līng-pōo (SAC) bú-khì-khòo lāi-té î-tû tāi-iok 550 ê tsá-kî pán-pún ê bîn-ping tsiu-tsè tān-tō tō-tān; pīng-tshiánn iōng phuè-pī MIRV ū-hāu tsài-hô ê sin-hîng bîn-ping III lâi tshú-tāi, tsū-án-ne the̍h-ko in-ê tsíng-thé hāu-lîng. Tān-thiô ê khah sè ê kong-lu̍t thong-kuè the̍h-ko hē-thóng ê tsing-tōo lâi té-siau; hōo i-ê ē-tàng kong-kik koh-khah tuā, tsing-tōo khah kē ê W56 kāng-khuán ê ngē bo̍k-piau. MMIII tsuan-mn̂g iōng teh kái-kuat teh Mokva sì-khoo liàn-tńg kiàn-tsō huán tān-tō tō-tān (ABM) hē-thóng ê būn-tê; MIRV tì-sú Bí-kok ē-sái teh bô tsing-ka i-ê tō-tō-tān kàm-tuī kui-bôo ê tsîng-hóng hā ah-tó jīm-hô ē-tàng siūnn-sióng ê huán-tō hē-thóng. Tsò-uî huê-ìng, soo-liân teh in-ê R-36 siat-kè tang-tiong tsing-ka MIRV, siōng-thâu-á sī tī 1975-nî phuè-pī 3-ê tān-thiô, tsue-tsiong teh āu--lâi ê pán-pún tang-tiong tsing-ka kàu 10-ê. Sui-jiân Bí-kok tī 2014-nî suî-ê thîng-tsí sú-iōng MIRV í tsun-siú sin-ê START [en], Gôlôsu kè-sio̍k sú-iōng tsit-ê ki-su̍t khai-huat sin-ê tō-tān siat-kè.\n\nMIRV ê ín-ji̍p tì-sú tsiàn-lio̍k pîng-hîng ê tiōng-tāi piàn-huà. Í-tsîng, ta̍k-muî tō-tān ū tsi̍t-lia̍p tān-tiôu, siūnn-sióng ē-tàng kiàn-li̍p tsi̍t-ê hông-gū hē-thóng, sú-iōng tō-tān kong-kik tan-ê tān-tiôu. Ti̍k-jîn tō-tān kàm-tuī ê jīm-hô tsing-ka lóng ē-tàng thong-kuè lân-tsia̍t-khì ê luī-sū tsing-ka lâi té-siau tí-siau. Tuì tio̍h MIRV, tsi̍t muî sin-ê ti̍k-hong tō-tān ì-bī tio̍h pit-su kiàn-tsō tsiânn-tsē ê lân-tsiat-khì; tse piáu-sī tsing-ka kong-kik pí hông-gū ū khah sio̍k tsiânn-tsē. Tsit tsióng sîng-pún kau-uānn pí-lu̍t giâm-tiōng phian-hiòng kong-kik-tsiá; tì-sú hōo-siong khak-pó huí-bia̍t ê kài-liām tsiânn-tsò tsiàn-lio̍k kui-uē tiong ê tsú-tō kài-liām. ABM hē-thóng tī 1972-nî ê \"huán tān-tō tō-tān tiâu-iok\" tang-tiong siū-tio̍h giâm-keh hān-tsè, tio̍h-lai pī-bián tuā kui-bôo kun-pī kìng-sài.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Parsch, Andreas. \"UGM-133\". Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles. goân-loē-iông tī 2011-03-15 hőng khó͘-pih. 2014-06-13 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"Military says Minuteman missiles ready\". *Lewiston Morning Tribune*. (Idaho). Associated Press. July 20, 1970. p. 1.\n3. 1 2 Polmar, Norman; Norris, Robert S. (2009-07-01). *The U.S. Nuclear Arsenal: A History of Weapons and Delivery Systems since 1945* (ēng Eng-gí) (1st pán.). Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1557506818. LCCN 2008054725. OCLC 602923650. OL 22843826M.\n4. ↑ \"The Minuteman III ICBM\". goân-loē-iông tī 2019-01-18 hőng khó͘-pih. 2017-09-17 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"Last Malmstrom ICBM reconfigured under treaty\". *Great Falls Tribune* (ēng Eng-gí). 2018-09-08 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ \"Putin has touted an 'invincible' nuclear weapon that really exists — here's how it works and why it deeply worries experts\". *Business Insider*. goân-loē-iông tī 2018-09-08 hőng khó͘-pih. 2018-09-08 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Comparison of ICBMs\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***MIRV*** |\n\n* \"MIRV: A BRIEF HISTORY OF MINUTEMAN and MULTIPLE REENTRY VEHICLES\" by Daniel Buchonnet, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, February 1976.\n* Operation 1964\n* The Defense of the United States, 1981 CBS Five-Part TV Series Archived 2011-06-07 at the Wayback Machine. from Google Video","meta":{"title":"To bo̍k-piau tiông-hoán tāi-khì-chân chài-kū","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1135,4542,0.24988991633641566],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5332}} -{"text":"\n**Missouri** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú sī Jefferson City. Siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Kansas City.\n\nTē-hō-miâ\n---------\n\n\"Missouri\" sī tùi Missouri Hô só͘ hō--lâi, chit tiâu hô koh sī hō tùi Missouri-cho̍k. \"Missouri\" m̄-sī pún cho̍k ê ōe, sī tùi Miami-Illinois gí-giân tiong tùi chit cho̍k ê kiò-hoat \"ouemessourita\" piàn--lâi-ê.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nTē-tô͘\nMissouri sì-ûi ū 8-ê chiu, kap Tennessee kâng-khoán sī choân-kok siōng chē. I-ê pat-pêng sī Iowa; tang-pêng Mississippi Hô tùi-pêng sī Illinois, Kentucky, kap Tennessee; lâm-pêng sī Arkansas; sai-pêng sī Oklahoma, Kansas, kap Nebraska. \n\nTī Missouri chiu lāi siāng tōa ê hô-chhoan sī Mississippi Hô kap Missouri Hô. Kî-tiong Mississippi Hô sī tang-pêng ê pian-kài, Missouri Hô sī tùi tiong-pō͘ keng-kòe. Nn̄g-tōa to͘-chhī, iā-chiū-sī sai-pêng ê Kansas City kap tang-pêng ê St. Louis, lóng tī pún tiâu hô téng.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nKhó-kó͘ chèng-kù lâi-khòaⁿ, 7-chheng nî chêng Missouri tē-khu chiū í-keng ū lâng khiā-khí. Kong-goân-chêng 1000 nî, chiū ū Mississipi Bûn-hòa ê chûn-chāi, in oa̍h-tāng hoān-ûi ê tiong-sim tāi-khài chāi kin-á-ji̍t ê St. Louis siâⁿ kap Cahokia ê Mississippi Hô iân-hōaⁿ. Cahokia hit sî sǹg sī tùi Gō͘-tōa-ô͘ kàu Be̍k-se-ko Oan chi kan bō͘-e̍k lō͘-sòaⁿ ê tiong-sim, m̄-koh in ê bûn-bêng tī chêng 1400 nî chó-iū soai-jio̍k, tōa-hūn ê jîn-bîn sóa khí pat-ūi. \n\nSiāng-chá ē Au-chiu î-bîn-chiá tōa-pō͘-hūn sī Canada ê Hoat-kok-lâng, in tī kin-á-ji̍t ê Sainte-Geneviève kiàn-li̍p liáu Missouri thâu-chi̍t-ê Au-chiu-lâng chng-thâu. In tùi Mississippi Hô ê tâng-pêng kòe--lâi, tī hia, thó͘-tē í-keng bô hoat-tō͘ chi-chhî jîn-kháu ê chin-ka. Sainte-Geneviève piàn chò sī hoat-ta̍t ê lông-gia̍p tiong-sim, keng-kòe kau-e̍k hiòng New Orleans téng Louisiana tē-khu thê-kiong bí-niû.\n\nTùi New Orleans lâi ê Hoat-kok-lâng tī 1764 nî khai-siat St. Louis. In-ūi Fontainebleau Tiâu-iok, Hoat-kok kā Mississippi Hô sai-pêng ê thó͘-tē (Louisiana) koah hō͘ Se-pan-gâ.\n\nSt. Louis hoat-tián piàn mô͘-phôe kau-e̍k kap chìn-kháu-mi̍h bé-bē ê tiong-sim, Se-iûⁿ-lâng tī chia kap Missouri Hô iah Mississippi Hô téng-bīn ê goân-chū-bîn chò seng-lí, chiong hòe-bu̍t sàng khí oa̍h hái ê New Orleans chhut-kháu.\n\nHit-tong-sî lông-gia̍p mā tī chit ūi tng hoat-ta̍t, St. Louis koh tī khì-chûn hoat-bêng liáu-āu keng-ka hoat-tián.\n\n1800 nî, Hoat-kok koh keng-kòe San Ildefonso Tiâu-iok tùi Se-pan-gâ chhiú-tiong tit tio̍h Louisiana tē-khu. M̄-koh chit hāng tiâu-iok sī pì-bi̍t, kàu 1803 nî 11 goe̍h 30 í-chêng, Louisiana oa-ná miâ-gī-siōng sio̍k Se-pan-gâ khòng-chè. Kòe bô lōa kú, Hoat-kok chiū kā Louisiana bē hō͘ Bí-kok, chit kài kau-e̍k Bí-kok-lâng kiò Louisiana Siu-bé (Louisiana Purchase).\n\nMissouri tī chit chūn tit tio̍h \"Hiòng Sai-pêng ê Tōa-mn̂g\" (Gateway to the West) chheng-hō, in-ūi i sī 19 sè-kí khai-thok-chiá hiòng sai-pêng hoat-tián sî chhut-hoat ê só͘-chāi. Phì-jû St. Charles chiū sī Lewis kap Clark Thàm-hiám (Lewis and Clark Expedition) ê khí-tiám kiam tó-tńg sî ê chiong-tiám.\n\n1805 nî Louisiana Léng-thó͘ (Louisiana Territory) sêng-li̍p, chéng-hú siat tī St. Louis. Āu-lâi lâm-pêng ê Orleans Léng-thó͘ tī 1812 nî kái chò Louisiana Chiu, pún-lâi ê \"Louisiana Léng-thó͘\" soah lâi kái miâ Missouri Léng-thó͘, i-ê jîn-bîn tī hit nî tit tio̍h li̍p-hoat khoân, khai-siat léng-thó͘ gī-hōe pēng-chhiá soán-kí tī kok-hōe ê tāi-piáu.\n\n1811 nî kàu 1812 nî kî-kan, chiu-lāi hoat-seng liáu kúi kái M7.0 í-siōng ê tē-tāng. In-ūi jîn-khái bô ba̍t, siōng-bôn iú-hān.\n\n1830 nî-tāi chá-kî, Mormon kàu-tô͘ tùi pak-pō͘ kap Canada î-bîn kòe--lâi, tī Independence siâⁿ téng só͘-chāi seng-oa̍h. In kap lâm-hong ûi chú ê chái-chêng î-bîn tī chong-kàu kap lô͘-lē-chè sū-bū téng sán-seng chhong-tu̍t. Mormon Chiàn-cheng tī 1838 nî po̍k-hoat, kiat-kó tī chiu-tiúⁿ Lilburn Boggs ê pang-chō͘ chi hā, kū î-bîn kā Mormon lâng kóaⁿ cháu.\n\n1836 nî, keng-kòe hiòng goân-chū-bîn pō͘-cho̍k ê Platte Siu-bé (Platte Purchase), hō͘ pún chiu chin-ka sai-pak pêng ê chi̍t hūn thó͘-tē. \n\nTùi 1830 kàu 1860 nî-tāi kî-kan Missouri chin-ka tōa-liōng ê kok-lāi chhut-sì ê î-bîn, tī 1840 kàu 1850 nî-tāi, koh ū chin chē Ài-lân phah-hng kap Tek-kok kek-bēng éng-hióng chhut-hái ê sin î-bîn kòe--lâi. Kî-tiong Tek-kok-lâng tī Missouri Hô iân-hōaⁿ kiàn-li̍p khí phû-tô-chiú sán-gia̍p, mā tī St. Louis hoat-tián bih-luh chè-chō.\n\n1895 nî St. Louis ê Liâm-ha̍p Chām (Union Station) chhia-thâu.\n1890 nî-tāi kàu 1920 nî-tāi sī Bí-kok ê Chìn-pō͘ Sî-tāi, chāi Missouri mā chhut chi̍t-kóa chú-tiuⁿ hiān-tài-hòa kap kái-kek hú-pāi ê chèng-tī-chiá. Kî-tiong Joseph Folk tī 1904 nî tòng-soán chiu-tiúⁿ. Tī i chāi-jīm hit-chūn ū bōe-chió chè-tō͘ siōng ê kek-sin.\n\nMissouri tī Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn í-chêng, kang-gia̍p chiām-chiām hoat-tián. Thin-lō͘ kap léng-tòng ê ki-su̍t hō͘ Kansas Siâⁿ ē-tàng hoat-tián chò chhī-gû-gia̍p pau-chong kiam ūn-su ê tiong-sim. Chhú-sî Kansas Siâⁿ mā khai-sí ū liáu Bí-kok-sek ê lâu-á-chhù.\n\nKòe liáu 1950 nî-tāi tiong-kî, St. Louis kap Kansas City lóng siū tio̍h kang-gia̍p soe-thè ê éng-hióng sit-khí chin chē chè-chō-gia̍p kap thih-lō͘ khang-khòe. Kàu 1956 nî, thâu chi̍t kái khòa chiu ê kong-lō͘ hē-thóng (Interstate Highway System) kè-ōe tùi St. Charles khai-sí, kau-gōa khiā-ke ê to͘-chhī hêng-sek mā tī chia khí-heng.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nMissouri tī 2014 nî ê GDP sī 284,462 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (*health care and social assistance*) sán-gia̍p.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Metropolitan Area Rankings; ranked by population\" (Microsoft Excel). *Census*. US. 2000. July 31, 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015\" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 24, 2015. December 24, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Median Annual Household Income\". *The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation*. December 9, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī October 15, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Missouri, FRED.\n6. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"Missouri","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1919,7090,0.2706629055007052],"infobox":["\n
    Missouri Chiu
    State of Missouri
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: The Show Me State
    \nPiau-gí: Salus populi suprema lex esto (Latin)
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Missouri highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nEng-gí
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nMissourian
    Siú-hú\nJefferson City
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nKansas City
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nGreater St. Louis Area
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ 21
     • Ha̍p-kè\n69,704 sq mi
    (180,533 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n240 lí (390 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n300 lí (480 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n1.17
     • Hūi-tō͘\n36° N to 40° 37′ N
     • Keng-tō͘\n89° 6′ W to 95° 46′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ 18
     • Ha̍p-kè\n6,083,672 (2015 ko͘-sǹg)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n87.1/sq mi  (33.7/km2)
    Pâi-miâ 30
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$59,196 (22)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nTaum Sauk Mountain
    1,772 ft (540 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n800 ft  (244 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nÓa Arkansas pian-kài ê St. Francis Hô
    230 ft (70 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nMissouri Léng-thó͘
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\n1821 nî 8 goe̍h 10 ji̍t (24)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nEric Greitens (R)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nMike Parson (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nGeneral Assembly
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nSenate
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nHouse of Representatives
    Chham-gī-goân\nClaire McCaskill (D)
    Roy Blunt (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n6-ê Kiōng-hô-tóng, 2-ê Bîn-chú-tóng (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \nCentral: UTC −6/−5
    ISO 3166\nUS-MO
    Kán-siá\nMO,
    Bāng-chām\nwww.mo.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6941}} -{"text":"\n**Texas** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú sī Austin. Siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Houston.\n\nTē-hō-miâ\n---------\n\n\"Texas\" chit jī sī tùi Hasinai-lâng ê Caddo-gí ê *táyshaʔ* chio̍h--lâi, ì-sù sī \"pêng-iú\" he̍k-chiá \"bêng-iú\".\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nTexas ê bīn-chek tī Bí-kok kok chiū lāi pâi tē-2, tī Alaska āu-piah, ū 696,200 pêng-hong kong-lí. Ūi-tì siōng Texas sī tī Bí-kok tiong-lâm-pō͘. Texas kap lâm-pêng ê Mexico chi-kan sio-keh Rio Grande Hô, tùi-bīn sī Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, kap Tamaulipas. Chham pak-pêng ê Oklahoma kap Arkansas chi kan, sī sio-keh Red Hô (*Red River*). Nā kap tang-pêng ê Louisiana chi kan, sī Sabine Hô. Chiu lāi sai-pak-pō͘ ū chit ūi hong hō chò Texas Panhandle, sì-ûi kap Oklahoma kap New Mexico sio oah.\n\nChū-jiân tē-lí hong-bīn, Texas ē-sài hun chò kúi khú, pau-koat Oan Hōaⁿ Pêng-goân (*Gulf Coastal Plains*), Lōe-liok Kē-tē (*Interior Lowlands*), Tōa Pêng-goân (*Great Plains*), koh ū La̍p-tē kap Soaⁿ-lêng Tē-hng (*Basin and Range Province*).\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n \n\n### Columbus í-chêng\n\nTī Chêng-Columbus sî-tāi (Pre-Columbian era) ê Pak Bí-chiu, Texas chit ūi sī Sai-lâm (Southwestern) kap Pêng-goân (Plains) nn̄g tōa bûn-hòa khu sio-chiap ê só͘-chāi. Chiàu khó-kó͘ gián-kiù, tī Au-chiu lâng lâi chìn-chêng, Texas ê tiong-se-pō͘ ū Pueblo; oa̍h tang-pêng ū Mississippi bûn-hòa; lēng-gōa koh ū Mesoamerica ê bûn-hòa tī lâm-pō͘ seng-oa̍h.\n\nSó͘ chai pat tī Texas lāi khiā-khí ê goân-chū-bîn pau-koat Alabama, Apache, Atakapan, Bidai, Caddo, Coahuiltecan, Comanche, Choctaw, Coushatta, Hasinai, Jumano, Karankawa, Kickapoo, Kiowa, Tonkawa, kap Wichita. Au-chiu-lâng lâi ê sî, chia-ê cho̍k-kûn kap gōa-lâng chia̍p-chhio̍k ê hêng-sek ē-sài kóng ū 2 tōa khoán, chi̍t khoán sī pang-chō͘ lâng ha̍p-si̍p chāi-tē seng-oa̍h ê ki-sut, chi̍t khoán sī kap lâng sio-thâi.\n\n### 16 kàu 18 sè-kì\n\n1519 nî Se-pan-gâ thàm-hiám-ka Alonso Álvarez de Pineda ê Mexico Oan hái-hōaⁿ tē-tô͘ sī só͘-chai siāng chá iú-koan Texas ê le̍k-sú kì-lio̍k. Siāng-chá lâi kàu Texas ê Au-chiu-lâng sī Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, i tī 1528 nî pò-kò i-ê kiàn-bûn. Lēng-gōa Francisco Vázquez de Coronado mā kì-lio̍k tī 1541 nî tú tio̍h Querechos kap Teyas nn̄g khoán chhī-gû ê bîn-cho̍k.\n\n1685 nî, goân-lâi be̍h tī Mississippi Hô khai-siat si̍t-bîn-tē ê René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle, in-ūi kè-sǹg sit-gō͘, soah tī Matagorda Oan siat Fort Saint Louis, chit-ê siâⁿ-chng siū hong-thó͘ éng-thióng kap goân-chū-bîn ê thó-ià, kòe 4 tang chio̍h sit-pāi.\n\nSe-pan-gâ tī 1690 nî khai-sí hiòng Texas tang-pō͘ soan-kàu, m̄-koh siū chāi-tē goân-chū-bîn hoán-khòng, in-ê lâng āu-bóe tó-tńg Mexico. Āu-lâi, tī 1716 nî, tong Hoat-kok tī Louisiana hoat-tián ê sî, Se-pan-gâ ê soan-kàu oa̍h-tāng koh têng-sin hoat-khí. 1718 nî, Texas siāng chá ê Se-pan-gâ-lâng khui-khún-tē San Antonio siat-li̍p.\n\n1749 nî, Se-pan-gâ kap Lipan Apache lâng chhiam liáu hô-pêng tiâu-iok, che ín-khí kî-tha chāi-tē pō͘-lo̍k pau-koat Comanche, Tonkawa kap Hasinai ê put-boán. Āu-bóe Comanche mā chhām Se-pan-gâ tī 1785 nî chhiam-iok, liáu-āu koh pang-chō͘ Se-pan-gâ phah iâⁿ Lipan Apache kap Karankawa. \n\nSiū tio̍h lú chē ê soan-kàu éng-hióng, kàu 18 sè-kí bóe-kî tōa-hūn ê chāi-tē po͘-lo̍k lóng í-keng sìn-gióng Ki-tok-kàu.\n\n### 19 sè-kí\n\nBí-kok tī 1803 nî hiòng Hoat-kok siu-bé Louisiana, liáu-āu in chú-tiuⁿ Texas mā sǹg chāi kau-e̍k lāi. 1819 nî, Sin Se-pan-gâ kap Bí-kok ê pian-kài khak-tēng siat ùi Sabine Hô. Chóng-sī chin chē Bí-kok khui-khún-chiá bô sêng-jīm chit hāng hia̍p-tēng, óa-ná kè-sio̍k hiòng Texas î-bîn. Kàu 1821 nî, Mexico to̍k-li̍p, kî-tiong Texas mā sī chi̍t hūn, siat ùi Coahuila y Tejas chiu ē-té.\n\nMexico hong-bīn mā khai-hòng hō͘ Bí-kok î-bîn hiòng Texas hoat-tián, in lī-ēng chi̍t khoán kiò *empresario* ê thâu-lâng, chio gōa-lâi î-bîn tī pún-tē khui-khún. Kî-tiong Empresario Moses kap Stephen F. Austin pē-á-kiáⁿ chhōa chi̍t tīn kiò \"Lāu Saⁿ Pah\" (*Old Three Hundred*) ê î-bîn tī Brazos Hô hū-kīn khiā-khí. Lēng-goā mā ū 23 ūi empresario tī chia. 1825 nî ê sî, Texas 3,500-ê î-bîn lāi tōa-hūn lóng sī Mexico-lâng, kàu 1834 nî, 37,800-ê î-bîn lāi lóng-chóng Mexico-lâng kaⁿ chiàm 7,800.\n\nÎ-bîn-chiá bô sìn-táu Mexico hoat-lu̍t, phì-jû tùi lô͘-lē chè-tō͘ ê kìm-lēng. Āu-lâi, Mexico chèng-hú tī 1830 nî kìm-chí Bí-kok î-bîn. 1832 nî Anahuac Jiáu-loān (*Anahuac Disturbances*) sī hit tong-sî lâng tùi Mexico thóng-tī ê hoán-khòng, mā kap Mexico chāi-tē hoán ka-tī chóng-thóng ê ūn-tōng liân-ha̍p, āu-bóe Mexico kun-tūi hong kóaⁿ chhut Texas tang-pō͘.\n\nTexas-lâng tī 1832 kap 1833 nî nn̄g kái chi̍p-hōe, gián-kiù to̍k-li̍p chú-tiuⁿ. 1835 nî, Gonzales chi Chiàn (*Battle of Gonzales*) khai-sí liáu Texas Kek-bēng, in tī nn̄g kó goe̍h āu phah pāi Mexico kun-tūi. Lēng-gōa mā soán chhut Hia̍p-gī-hōe (*Consultation*) chò lîm-sî chèng-hú, m̄-koh chit-ê chèng-hú āu-lâi tó khì. Chāi Texas tng loān ê sî-ki, Mexico ap-chè liáu Texas ê hoán-khòng, kî-tiong Mexico chóng-thóng Antonio López de Santa Anna chhōa kun tī Alamo chi Chiàn (*Battle of the Alamo*) tiong phah pāi Texas kun.\n\n1836 nî 3 goe̍h 2 hō ,Texas-lâng khui-hōe chhiam-sú To̍k-li̍p Soan-giân, kiàn-li̍p Texas Kiōng-hô-kok. Liáu-āu, keng-kòe kúi lé-pài ê thè-kun, Sam Houston niá-chhōa ê Texas kun-tūi tī San Jacinto chi Chiàn phah-iâⁿ Santa Anna ê jîn-bé, jī-chhiá lia̍h khí Santa Anna kiông-pek i chhiam Velasco TTiâu-iok lâi kiat-so̍k chiàn-cheng.\n\nTo̍k-li̍p ê Texas chèng-tī siōng hun chò tùi-li̍p ê nn̄g phài, chi̍t pêng sī Mirabeau B. Lamar chhōa-thâu, chú-tiuⁿ î-chhî to̍k-li̍p, kóaⁿ cháu goân-chū-bîn, jī-chhiá tùi gōa khok-chhiong léng-thó͘. Lēng-gōa chi̍t pêng sī Sam Houston chhoā-thâu, chú-tiuⁿ ka-ji̍p Bí-kok, jī-chhiá kap goân-chū-bîn chò-hóe seng-oa̍h.\n\nMexico tī 1842 nî hiòng Texas nn̄g piàn hoat-peng koh sêng-kong chiàm-niá San Antonio, m̄-koh bô î-chhî chiàn-kó. Chóng--sī Texas kiông-hô-kok hông-gū siōng chia̍h-la̍t ê chōng-hóng, ka-kiông in ka-ji̍p Bí-kok ê su-kiû.\n\n1844 nî, chú-tiuⁿ khip-siu Texas ê James K. Polk tòng sóaⁿ Bí-kok chóng-thóng, 1845 nî 12 goe̍h 29, kok-hōe tông-ì siat Texas chò Bí-kok chi̍t chiu. Tông-sî, Mexico kap Bí-kok chhiat tn̄g gōa-kau koan-hē, nn̄g kok tùi Texas ê pian-kài chú-tiuⁿ chhiong-tu̍t.\n\n1860 nî, Bí-kok Lōe-chiàn khai-sí, hit-tong-sî chiu lāi 30 pha ê jîn-kháu sī o͘-lâng, in tōa-hūn lóng sī lô͘-lē. 1861 nî 1 goe̍h 28, tī Austin ê hōe-gī, lâm-hong koat-tēng thoat-lî Bí-kok. 2 goe̍h 23 Texas ka-tī mā tâu-phiò thong-kòe chit hāng koat-tēng, 3 goe̍h sî ka-ji̍p America Liân-bêng Kok.\n\n1900 nî, Texas tú tio̍h Bí-kok le̍k-sú siōng sí-bông siāng giâm-tiōng ê hong-thai Galveston.\n\n### 20 sè-kí\n\n1901 nî 1 goe̍h 10 ji̍t, chiu lāi thâu chi̍t ê iû-chhéⁿ Spindletop khai-siat, liáu-āu, sī Texas chio̍h-iû sán-gia̍p ê heng-khí; in-ê khai-chhái liōng āu-bóe tī 1972 nî tat kàu le̍k-sú ko-tiám.\n\nTē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn sî-kî, liân-pang chèng-hú tī Texas tōa-liōng khai-siat kun-su siat-si, lēng-gōa pún chiu ū 75 bān lâng ka-ki̍p kun-tūi. 1961 nî, NASA koh tī kun-sū sán-gia̍p hoat-ta̍t ê Huston khí-chō chài-lâng thài-khong tiong-sim (1973 nî hō-miâ Lyndon B. Johnson Thài-khong Tiong-sim).\n\n1963 nî 11 goe̍h 22 ji̍t, Bí-kok chóng-thóng John F. Kennedy tī Dallas hong àm-sat.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nChiàu Bí-kok Phó͘-cha Kio̍k ê kou-sǹg, Texas 2014 nî chóng jîn-kháu ū 26,956,958 lâng.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nTexas tī 2014 nî ê GDP sī 1,648,036 pa̍h-bān bí-kim.\n\nPún chiu ê chio̍h-iû sán-liōng tī 2015 nî 6 goe̍h ū 106,843 chheng-tháng (thousand barrels), tī Bí-kok kok-chiu lāi pâi-miâ tē-1.\n\nTexas ê chhân-hn̂g biān-chek, kap ka-thiok sán-chhut tī Bí-kok mā sī pâi thâu miâ. Chhī-gû sī chiu lāi siāng hoat-ta̍t ê lông-sán. Lông-chok-bu̍t hong-bīn, mî-hoe sán-liōng mā sī Bí-kok tē it. Kî-tha pì-jû hî-gia̍p, khòng-gia̍p, âng-bûn-thô͘, giâm-sán téng-téng, Texas mā sī choân-kok chhōa-thâu--ê.\n\n21 sè-kì í-lâi, Texas keng-le̍k khiàm-chúi būn-tê, lông-gia̍p siū bōe chió sún-sit.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ *Texas — Languages*. MLA. April 15, 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. 1 2 *Facts* (2008–2009 pán.). Texas Almanac. 2008. April 29, 2008 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ *Environment* (2008–2009 pán.). Texas Almanac. 2008. goân-loē-iông tī March 17, 2008 hőng khó͘-pih. April 29, 2008 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"Population Data for Texas Counties, 2015\". Texas Department of State Health Services. March 20, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n7. ↑\n8. ↑ Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Texas, FRED.\n9. ↑ Rankings: Crude Oil Production, June 2015 (thousand barrels), U.S. Energy Information Administration.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nBí-kok ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chiu | Alabama  · Alaska  · Arizona  · Arkansas  · California  · Colorado  · Connecticut  · Delaware  · Florida  · Georgia  · Hawaiʻi  · Idaho  · Illinois  · Indiana  · Iowa  · Kansas  · Kentucky  · Louisiana  · Maine  · Maryland  · Massachusetts  · Michigan  · Minnesota  · Mississippi  · Missouri  · Montana  · Nebraska  · Nevada  · New Hampshire  · New Jersey  · New Mexico  · New York  · North Carolina  · North Dakota  · Ohio  · Oklahoma  · Oregon  · Pennsylvania  · Rhode Island  · South Carolina  · South Dakota  · Tennessee  · Texas  · Utah  · Vermont  · Virginia  · Washington  · West Virginia  · Wisconsin  · Wyoming | Flag of the United States |\n| |\n| Tia̍t-pia̍t-khu: | Washington, D.C. |\n| |\n| Léng-thó͘ | Baker-tó  · Bí-kok léng Samoa  · Guam  · Howland-tó  · Jarvis-tó  · Johnston Khoân-chiau  · Kingman-chiau  · Midway Khoân-chiau  · Navassa-tó  · Pak Mariana Kûn-tó  · Palmyra Khoân-chiau  · Puerto Rico  · Bí-kok léng Virgin Kûn-tó  · Wake-tó |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 152620751\n* LCCN: n80129616\n* ISNI: 0000 0004 0420 8837\n* GND: 4059594-8\n* SUDOC: 164591354\n* NDL: 00628779\n* NKC: ge134541\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Texas","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2983,10289,0.28992127514821653],"infobox":["\n
    Texas Chiu
    State of Texas
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: Ko͘ Chheⁿ Chiu The Lone Star State
    \nPiau-gí: Iú-gī Friendship
    \nChiu-koa: \"Texas, Lán-ê Texas (Texas, Our Texas)\"
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Texas highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nbô
    (chham-khó Texas ê gí-giân)
    Liû-thong gí-giân\nTōa-to-sò͘ Eng-gí;
    chi̍t tōa hūn sī Se-pan-gâ-gí
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nTexan
    Texian (kū-sek)
    Tejano
    Siú-hú\nAustin
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nHouston
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nDallas–Fort Worth–Arlington
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ 2nd
     • Ha̍p-kè\n268,581 sq mi
    (696,241 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n773 lí (1,244 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n790 lí (1,270 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n2.5
     • Hūi-tō͘\n25° 50′ N to 36° 30′ N
     • Keng-tō͘\n93° 31′ W to 106° 39′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ 2nd
     • Ha̍p-kè\n27,695,284 (2015 ko͘-sǹg)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n103.1/sq mi  (40.8/km2)
    Pâi-miâ 26th
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nGuadalupe Peak
    8,751 ft (2667.4 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n1,700 ft  (520 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nMexico Oan
    sea level
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nRepublic of Texas
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\nDecember 29, 1845 (28th)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nGreg Abbott (R)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nDan Patrick (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nTexas Li̍p-hoat-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-īⁿ
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-īⁿ
    Chham-gī-goân\nJohn Cornyn (R)
    Ted Cruz (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\nKiōng-hô-tóng: 25,
    Bîn-chú-tóng: 11 (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \n 
     • tōa-hūn\nTiong-iong: UTC −6/−5
     • Sai Texas chi̍t hūn\nSoaⁿ-tē: UTC −7/−6
    ISO 3166\nUS-TX
    Kán-siá\nTX, Tex.
    Bāng-chām\nwww.texas.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":10896}} -{"text":"\n**Virginia** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú sī Richmond. Siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Virginia Beach.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nVirginia ê tang-pêng kap pak-pêng sī Washington, D.C. kap Maryland; lâm-pên sī North Carolina; sai-lâm-pêng sī Tennessee; sai-pêng sī Kentucky; pak-pêng kiam sai-pêng sī West Virginia. Lēng-gōa óa tang-pêng ê hái sī Tāi-se-iûⁿ\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nŪ khó-kó͘ gián-kiù hoat-àn Pocahontas Island (chi̍t-ê poàn-tó tē-hng) tī Chêng 6500 chiō ū lâng khiā-khí. \n\nTong Eng-lân khún-hō͘ tī 1607 nî tú lâi-kàu Jamestown ê sî, tī Virgina chúi-chhiâng-sòaⁿ (*fall line*, chi̍t khoán tē-lí hun-kài) tang-pêng tōa-hūn thó͘-tē lóng sī Algonquin pō͘-cho̍k khòng-chè ê só͘-chāi. In sī liân-ha̍p tī le̍k-sú-ha̍k siōng só͘ kóng ê Powhatan Pang-liân ē-té, he̍k-chiá kóng sī chi̍t-ê \"tè-kok\". Siú-léng Wahunsunacock tī 16 sè-kí bóe kàu 17 sè-kí chheh cheng-ho̍k kiam liân-ha̍p liáu tāi-khài saⁿ-cha̍p-ê pō͘-lo̍k, che siú-léng hông kiò chò sī *Powhatan*, i chheng só͘ khòng-chè ê thó͘-tē sī Tenakomakah.\n\nVirginia si̍t-bîn-tē sī 1607 nî Lûn-tun Kong-si (*London Company*) kiàn-li̍p--ê.\n\nTāi-eng-kok Kok-hōe tī tùi Hoat-kok kap Ìn-tò͘ ê chiàn-chéng liáu-āu hiòng si̍t-bîn-tē ka-kiông tin-sòe, ín-khí chia só͘-chāi ê put-boán. Tong-sî Patrick Henry kap Richard Henry Lee téng gī-oân chhōa-thâu ê Kong-bîn-hōe (*House of Burgesses*) chiō sī hoán-tùi sin sòe-kim chè-tō͘--ê. 1773 nî, Virginia lâng khai-sí kap pa̍t chiu cho͘-chit in hêng-tông. 1774 nî in phài tāi-piáu chham-ka Tāi-lio̍k Hōe-gī, tong-nî Kong-bîn-hōe hō͘ ông-ka phài ê chóng-tok kái-sàn, kek-bēng-phài ê thâu-lâng chiō keng-kòe Virgina Tāi-hōe (*Virginia Conventions*) î-chhî koán-lí. Kàu 1776 nî ê sî, Tāi-hōe soan-pò͘ Virginia tùi Tāi-eng Tè-kok to̍k-li̍p, chhái-ēng George Mason ê Virginia Khoân-lī Soan-giân (*Virginia Declaration of Rights*). Lēng-gōa chi̍t ūi Virginia lâng Thomas Jefferson āu--lâi koh chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ khí-chhó liáu Bí-kok ê To̍k-li̍p Soan-giân.\n\nLōe-chiàn chìn-chêng, Virginia tû-liáu tī lông-gia̍p siōng, ùi khòng-gia̍p ê lô͘-lē sú-iōng mā tng teh chin-ka. 1800 nî. Hit chūn mā sán-seng lô͘-lē hóng-khòng oa̍h-tāng, pau-koat chhiūⁿ Gabriel Prosser tī 1800 nî, Nat Turner tī 1831 nî, kap John Brow tī 1859 nî, hun-pia̍t niá-chhōa liáu po̍k-tōng sū-kiāⁿ. Kàu 1860 nî ê sî, tāi-khài chiâⁿ pah bān, chiàu beh 31% ê Virginia jîn-kháu sī lô͘-lē.\n\n1861 nî 4 goe̍h 17 ji̍t, Virginia tâu-phiò koat-tēng thoat-lî Bí-kok. Kàu 4 goe̍h 24, in ka-ji̍p America Pang-liân-kok, tong-sî Pang-liân siú-hú chiō siat tī Virginia ê Richmond. Chiàn-cheng kiat-sok liáu-āu, tī 1870 nî, keng-kòe Kiú-jîn Úi-oân-hōe (*Committee of Nine*) ê ūn-chok, Virginia chèng-sek tó-tńg Bí-kok.\n\nVirginia chhut-sin ê James Albert Bonsack tī 1880 nî hoat-bêng liáu kńg ta-bá-koh chóa-hun ê ke-khì, niá-chhōa liáu Richmond ê chi̍t kái kang-gia̍p hoat-tián. Kàu 1886 nî ê sî, thih-lō͘ si̍t-gia̍p-ka Collis Potter Huntington kiàn-li̍p khí Newport News Shipbuilding chō-chûn-só͘, che kang-tiûⁿ tè-bé tī tâu-jip It-chhù Tāi-chià chêng-āu Bí-kok Hái-kun chiàn-lām ê seng-sán.\n\n1951 nî tī Farmville, Barbara Rose Johns hoat-tōng hoán-khòng chéng-cho̍k keh-lî ha̍k-hāu ê ūn-tōng, ín-khí *Davis tùi Prince Edward Kūn ê Kūn Ha̍k-hāu Lí-sū-hōe* (*Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County*) koaⁿ-si. Àn-kiāⁿ tī 1954 nî keng-kòe *Brown tùi Kàu-io̍k Lí-sū-hōe* (*Brown v. Board of Education*) àn khak-tēng, kī-choa̍t liáu keh-lî-phài tùi \"hûn-lî m̄-koh pêng-téng\" ê chú-tiuⁿ. 1960 nî-tāi oa̍h-hiáⁿ ê Kong-bîn Khoân-lī Ūn-tōng, ín-chhōa liáu Bí-kok chē hāng choân-kok-sèng ê hoat-àn. Tī 1964 nî, Bí-kok Chòe-ko Hoat-īⁿ bēng-lēng Prince Edward Kūn téng tē-hng ài hòe-tû keh-lî-sek ha̍k-hāu.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nVirginia tī 2015 nî ê GDP sī 481,084 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng-kang ê sán-gia̍p sī sió-bē-gia̍p.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Factpack\" (PDF). Virginia General Assembly. January 11, 2007. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī October 28, 2008 hőng khó͘-pih. October 14, 2008 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"Population and Housing Unit Estimates\". U.S. Census Bureau. June 22, 2017. June 22, 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Median Annual Household Income\". *The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation*. December 9, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī November 2, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n6. ↑ Grant, Susan-Mary (2012). *A Concise History of the United States of America*. Cambridge University Press. p. 74. ISBN 9780521612791.\n7. ↑ \"Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Virginia\". *FRED*. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. 2016-12-07. 2017-04-03 khòaⁿ--ê.\n8. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-03-11 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"Virginia","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2234,5887,0.37948021063359944],"infobox":["\n
    Virginia Kiōng-êng-kok
    Commonwealth of Virginia
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"NavyA circular seal with the words \"Virginia\" on the top and \"Sic Semper Tyrannis\" on the bottom. In the center, a woman wearing a blue toga and Athenian helmet stands on the chest of dead man wearing a purple breastplate and skirt. The woman holds a spear and sheathed sword. The man holds a broken chain while his crown lies away from the figures. Orange leaves encircle the seal.
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: \"Old Dominion\", \"Mother of Presidents and the Mother of Statesmen\"
    \nPiau-gí: Sic semper tyrannis
    (English: Thus Always to Tyrants)
    \n
    \"Virginia
    Map of the United States with Virginia highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nEng-gí
    Liû-thong gí-giân\nEng-gí 85.87%,
    Se-pan-gâ-gí 6.41%
    Kî-tha 7.72%
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nVirginian
    Siú-hú\nRichmond
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nVirginia Beach
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nWashington tō͘-chhī-khu
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-35
     • Ha̍p-kè\n42,774.2 sq mi
    (110,785.67 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n200 lí (320 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n430 lí (690 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n7.4
     • Hūi-tō͘\n36° 32′ N to 39° 28′ N
     • Keng-tō͘\n75° 15′ W to 83° 41′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-12
     • Ha̍p-kè\n8,411,808 (2016 est.)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n206.7/sq mi  (79.8/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-14
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$61,486 (tē-14)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nMount Rogers
    5,729 ft (1746 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n950 ft  (290 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nTāi-se-iûⁿ
    sea level
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nVirginia Si̍t-bîn-tē
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\n1788 nî 6 goe̍h 25 (10th)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nRalph Northam (D)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nJustin Fairfax (D)
    Li̍p-hoat\nGī-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-hōe
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-hōe
    Chham-gī-goân\nMark Warner (D)
    Tim Kaine (D)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n7-ê Kiōng-hô-thóng,
    4-ê Bîn-chú-thóng (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \nEastern: UTC −5/−4
    ISO 3166\nUS-VA
    Kán-siá\nVA, Va.
    Bāng-chām\nwww.virginia.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5363}} -{"text":"\n**Wisconsin** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú tī Madison. Siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Milwaukee\n\nTē-hō-miâ\n---------\n\n*Wisconsin* sī tùi Wisconsin Hô hō--ê, che goân-lâi sī chāi-tē Algonquin Gí-cho̍k goân-chū-bîn ê ōe. Hoat-kok thàm-hiám-ka Jacques Marquette tī 1673 nî lâi kàu chit ūi, kì-lio̍k chit tiâu khe ê miâ chò *Meskousing*. Kî-tha ê chok-chiá, koh kái siá chò *Ouisconsin*, āu-bóe chit-ê miâ tû-liáu sī khe miâ, mā sī sì-ûi tē-khu ê tē-hō-miâ. Tī Eng-gí lāi-bīn, *Ouisconsin* soah koh thè-ōaⁿ chò *Wisconsin*.\n\n*Wisconsin* goân-lâi ê ì-sù bô chin chheng-chhó, tōa-pō͘-hūn ê ké-soeh sī kóng kap Wisconsin Hô hô-piⁿ âng-sek ê chio̍h-thâu ū koan-hē.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nWisconsin ê pak-pêng sī Montreal Hô, Superior Ô͘, kap Michigan, tī tang-pêng sī Michigan Ô͘, tī lâm-pêng sī Illinois; lēng-gōa tī sai-lâm sī Iowa, tī sai-pak ū Minnesota.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSó͘ chai-iáⁿ siāng chá tī kong-goân-chêng 10,000 nî, to̍h ū lâng lâi kàu chit ūi, hit tang-chūn tng sī kho-ha̍k-ka só͘ kóng ê Wisconsin Peng-chhoan-hòa (*Wisconsin Glaciation*) sî-kî. Hia chá-kî ê jîn-kûn, sī Kó͘-Indian-lâng (*Paleo-Indians*), in lia̍h pí-lūn Mastodon (chi̍t khoán kó͘ chhiūⁿ) ê tōng-bu̍t seng-oa̍h.\n\nTī kong-oân-chêng 1000 kàu kong-goân 1000 nî, Pak Bí-chiu ê Woodland sî-kî, lông-gia̍p siā-hōe chiām-chiām hoat-tián chhut--lâi. Au-bóe sán-seng Effigy mound bûn-hòa, in khí liáu chin chē tōng-bu̍t hêng-thé ê soa-lūn.\n\n1000 kàu 1500 nî kî-kan, koh chhut lâi Mississippi kap Oneota bûn-hòa, in tī chit ūi khí chō chng-thâu, pí-lūn lâm-pō͘ ê kin-á-ji̍t Aztalan chio̍h ū ûi-chek. Nā Oneota ū khó-lêng sī hiān-tāi Ioway kap Ho-Chunk pō͘-cho̍k ê chó͘-sian. Tong Au-chiu-lâng lâi kàu pún tē ê sî-chūn, chia koh ū Menominee, Ojibwa, Sauk, Fox, Kickapoo, kap Pottawatomie téng cho̍k-kûn.\n\nSiāng chá lâi kàu Wisconsin chit ūi ê Au-chiu-lâng ū khó-lêng sī Hoat-kok ê thàm-hiám-ka Jean Nicolet, i tī 1634 nî kò chûn keng-kòe Tōa-ô͘ kòe--lâi. 1673 nî, Jacques Marquette kap Louis Jolliet tùi Fox-Wisconsin Chú-lō͘ chò liáu thâu chi̍t pái ê kì-lio̍k. Tī che chiân-āu, Hoat-kok lâng mā tī Wisconsin bé-bē mô͘-phôe, chóng-sī in kàu Eng-kok keng-kòe Hoat-kok kap Indian Chiàn-cheng tī 1763 nî tit tio̍h pún khu khòng-chè khoân chìn-chêng, lóng iáu bōe khai-siat éng-kiú ê chng-thâu. 1764 nî, Charles de Langlade chhōa-thâu tī Wisconsin tn̂g-kî khiā-khí.\n\nBí-kok to̍k-li̍p liáu-āu, tī 1783 nî kā Wisconsin siu chò léng-thó͘, m̄-koh Eng-kok tī 1812 nî Chiàn-cheng í-chêng, lóng koh khòng-chè pún tē-khu. Bí-kok khòng-chè hā, keng-chè tùi pún-té mô͘-phôe seng-lí choán chò chhái iân khòng-gia̍p. 1836 nî ê sî, Wisconsin Léng-thó͘ sêng-li̍p. Erie Ūn-hô (*Erie Canal*) khai-siat, hō͘ Bí-kok tang-pak ê lâng (Sin Eng-lân/Yankee) hong-piān poaⁿ lâi kàu Wisconsin, in āu-bóe khòng-chè liáu pún-tē ê chèng-tī, goân-lâi ê Canada Hoat-kok-hē kap goân-chū-bîn soah piàn chió-sò͘. Lēng-gōa, hit chūn mā be chió Tek-kok, Ài-lân, Lok-ui téng Au-chiû î-bîn kòe--lâi. 1848 nî 5 goe̍h 29, Wisconsin hong siu chò Bí-kok chi̍t chiu.\n\n1890 nî-tāi khai-sí, Wisconsin ê lông-gia̍p tùi sió-be̍h choán kòe lêng-chè-phín ê seng-sán. Hit chūn chin chē î-bîn mā tòa lâi chè-chō chhì-suh ê ki-su̍t, ka-siōng Stephen Babcock só͘ chú-chhî ê ián-kiù, Wisconsin ū liáu \"Bí-kok ê Gû-leng-hiong\" (*America's Dairyland*) ê chheng-hō.\n\n1970 nî 8 goe̍h, Wisconsin–Madison Tāi-ha̍k hoat-seng chà-tôaⁿ sū-kiaⁿ, sī hit-tong-sî hoán-chiàn ūn-tōng ê khòng-gī.\nTī 1990 nî-tāi chiu-tiúⁿ Tommy Thompson chú-chhî liáu hok-lī kái-kek,\n\nSiâⁿ-chhī\n---------\n\nMilwaukee siâⁿ ū jîn-kkháu 594,000, ūi tī leh pún chiu pak-pêng óa Michigan Ô͘ kap tōa Chicago sio liân ê tō͘-chhī tē-khu. Tōa Milwaukee tē-khu ê jîn-kháu, chiàm kui chiu ê tāi-iok 1/3. \n\nTī Madison ū jîn-kháu 233,000, sī pún chiu siú-hú.\n\nChiàu jîn-káu pâi-miâ Tē-3 kàu tē-10 tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī, koh ū Green Bay, Kenosha, Racine, Appleton, Waukesha, Oshkosh, Eau Claire kap Janesville.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nWisconsin tī 2015 nî ê GDP sī 302,076 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng-kang ê sán-gia̍p sī chè-chō-gia̍p.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Dornfeld, Margaret; Hantula, Richard (2010). *Wisconsin: It's my state!*. Marshall Cavendish. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-60870-062-2.\n2. ↑ Urdang, Laurence (1988). *Names and Nicknames of Places and Things*. Penguin Group USA,. p. 8. ISBN 9780452009073. \"America's Dairyland\" A nickname of Wisconsin\n3. ↑ Kane, Joseph Nathan; Alexander, Gerard L. (1979). *Nicknames and sobriquets of U.S. cities, States, and counties*. Scarecrow Press. p. 412. ISBN 9780810812550. Wisconsin - America's Dairyland, The Badger State ... The Copper State ...\n4. ↑ Herman, Jennifer L. (2008). *Wisconsin Encyclopedia, American Guide*. North American Book Dist LLC. p. 10. ISBN 9781878592613. Nicknames Wisconsin is generally known as The Badger State, or America's Dairyland, although in the past it has been nicknamed The Copper State.\n5. ↑ \"Wisconsin State Symbols\" in *Wisconsin Blue Book 2005-2006*, p. 966.\n6. ↑\n7. ↑ \"Median Annual Household Income\". *The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation*. December 9, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n8. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī October 15, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n9. 1 2 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n10. ↑ \"Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Wisconsin\". *FRED*. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. 2016-12-07. 2017-04-03 khòaⁿ--ê.\n11. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-03-11 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"Wisconsin","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2517,6307,0.3990803868717298],"infobox":["\n
    Wisconsin Chiu
    State of Wisconsin
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: Badger State; America's Dairyland (bô koaⁿ-tēng--ê)
    \nPiau-gí: Forward
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Wisconsin highlighted
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nWisconsinite
    Siú-hú\nMadison
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nMilwaukee
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nMilwaukee metropolitan area
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-23
     • Ha̍p-kè\n65,498.37 sq mi
    (169,640 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n260 lí (420 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n310 lí (500 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n17
     • Hūi-tō͘\n42° 30' N to 47° 05′ N
     • Keng-tō͘\n86° 46′ W to 92° 53′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-20
     • Ha̍p-kè\n5,778,708 (2016 est)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n105/sq mi  (40.6/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-23
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$55,425 (tē-28)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nTimms Hill
    1,951 ft (595 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n1,050 ft  (320 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nLake Michigan
    579 ft (176 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nWisconsin Léng-thó͘
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\n1848 nî 5 goe̍h 29 ji̍t (tē-30)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nScott Walker (R)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nRebecca Kleefisch (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nWisconsin Li̍p-hoat-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-hōe
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiu-hōe
    Chham-gī-goân\nRon Johnson (R)
    Tammy Baldwin (D)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n5-ê Kiōng-hô-tóng, 3-ê Bîn-chú-tóng (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \nCentral: UTC −6/−5
    ISO 3166\nUS-WI
    Kán-siá\nWI, Wis., Wisc.
    Bāng-chām\nwww.wisconsin.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6083}} -{"text":"\nKok-ka gí-giân hoat-tián hoat sī Tiong-hôa-bîn-kok ūi-tio̍h beh pó-chiòng kap thui-tōng kok Tâi-oân cho̍k-kûn gí-giân hoat-tián ê hoat-lu̍t, siōng-chá sī ùi 2007 nî 2 goe̍h chhe 2 iû Hêng-chèng-īⁿ bûn-hòa kiàn-siat úi-oân-hōe thê-chhut, choân-bûn lóng-chóng 12 tiâu[*bô chhut-chhù*]. 2017 nî 7 goe̍h chhe 3 bûn-hòa-pō͘ koh 1 pái thê-chhut choân-bûn lóng-chóng 16 tiâu ê pán-pún. 2018 nî 12 goe̍h 25, Chit ê hoat-àn tī Li̍p-hoat-īⁿ sam-tho̍k thong-kòe choân-bûn 17 tiâu, chiâⁿ-chò Tiong-hôa-bîn-kok gí-giân chèng-chhek ê hoat-goân.\n\nKeng-kòe\n--------\n\nChit-tiâu hoat-àn ê li̍p-hoat cheng-sîn, siōng-chá ē-sái ùi 1983 nî khai-sí, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ chè-tēng ê \"Gí-bûn hoat\" chhó-àn, m̄-koh Tâi-oân siā-hōe tùi chit-chióng to̍k-chun Kok-gí (Hôa-gí) ê li̍p-hoat cheng-sîn chin tò-tōaⁿ, lo̍h-bóe chhó-àn to̍h hō͘ thiat-hôe. 2001 nî UNESCO (Liân-ha̍p-kok kàu-kho-bûn chó͘-chit) kā Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn gí-giân phiau-chò \"óa-hiám\" gí-giân, kàu-io̍k-pō͘ koh-chài chhiau-chhōe kok-gōa siong-koan chu-liāu, chéng-lí \"Goân-chū Bîn-cho̍k Gú-giân Hoat-tián Hoat,\" \"Gí-giân Kong-pêng Hoat,\" kap Tiong-iong gián-kiù-īⁿ gí-giân-ha̍k gián-kiù-só͘ gí-tēng \"Gú-giân Bûn-jī Ki-pún Hoat,\" í-siōng 3 tiâu hoat-àn piàn-chò \"Gí-giân pêng-téng hoat,\" ǹg-bāng ē-sái li̍p-hoat thong-kòe. \n\n2003 nî \"Gí-giân pêng-téng hoat chhó-àn\" chú-chhî tan-ūi choán-chò Hêng-chèng-īⁿ bûn-hòa kiàn-siat úi-oân-hōe, hoat-lu̍t tiâu-bûn ê kui-hoān ùi bú-gí ê ūn-iōng kái-chò thui-sak \"bûn-hòa pó-chûn\" kap kok-ka gí-giân ê hoat-tián. Keng-kòe tiong-iong chèng-hú khòa pō͘-hōe chham-siông liáu-āu, hoat-lu̍t ê tiōng-tiám pau-koat Kok-ka gí-giân ê tēng-gī, chú-koán ki-koan, khoân-lī, pó-hō͘ kap hoat-tián. Lēng-gōa, chit-tiâu hoat-lu̍t mā kiông-tiāu ài chun-tiōng kok gí-giân ê to-goân-sèng, pêng-téng hoat-tián kap thoân-sêng.\n\n2016 nî 4 goe̍h 20, Li̍p-úi Koán Phek-lêng tī li̍p-hoat-īⁿ koh 1 pái thê-àn.\n\n2016 nî 12 goe̍h, bûn-hòa-pō͘ úi-thok Kok-li̍p Tâi-tiong Kàu-io̍k Tāi-ha̍k Tâi-oân gí-bûn ha̍k-hē hē-chú-jīm Png Iāu-khiân chú-chhî Kok-ka gí-giân hoat-tián hoat ê gián-kiù kap kui-ōe kè-e̍k-àn.\n\n2017 nî 6 goe̍h 30, kè-e̍k-àn \"Kok-ka gí-giân hoat-tián hoat chhó-àn\" thê-kau bûn-hòa-pō͘.\n\n2018 nî 12 goe̍h 25, li̍p-hoat-īⁿ sam-tho̍k thong-kòe \"Kok-ka gí-giân hoat-tián hoat\" choân-bûn 17 tiâu.\n\n2019 nî chiàⁿ goe̍h chhe 9, chóng-thóng Chhòa Eng-bûn chhiam-sú \"Hôa chóng it gī jī tē 10800003831 hō chóng-thóng-lêng\" kong-pò͘ chit-ê hoat-lu̍t.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Pang-bô͘:Tiong-hoa bîn-kok kong-pò͘ hoat-pò͘-li̍t si-hêng hoat-kui\n2. ↑ Pang-bô͘:Tiong-hoa bîn-kok kong-pò͘ hoat-pò͘-li̍t si-hêng hoat-kui\n3. ↑ 文化部公告 (2017-07-03). \"國家語言發展法草案\" (PDF) (ēng Hôa-gí). 中華民國文化部. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn (PDF) tī 2017-08-27. 2017-08-27 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ 中央廣播電臺 (2018-12-25). \"「國家語言發展法」三讀通過 鄭麗君：歷史性一刻\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 中央廣播電臺. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2018-12-25. 2018-12-25 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ 制定國家語言發展法 Archived 2020-01-19 at the Wayback Machine.，中華民國總統府.\n\nSiong-koan tiâu-bo̍k\n--------------------\n\n* Tâi-oân ê giân-gí\n* Kok-ka Gú-giân Hoat-tián Hoat Chhó-àn\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**Kok-ka Gú-giân Hoat-tián Hoat** |\n\n* 中華民國文化部-國家語言發展法 (Hàn-gí)\n* 《國家語言發展法》三讀通過！不只台語，原住民語和手語也都是「國家語言」 (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Kok-ka Gú-giân Hoat-tián Hoat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1191,3614,0.329551743220808],"infobox":["
    Kok-ka gí-giân hoat-tián hoat
    Si-hêng li̍t-kî\n2019-nî 1-goe̍h 11-li̍t
    Hoat-kui lūi-pia̍t
    Pō͘\nBûn-hòa-pō͘
    Li̍p-hoat le̍k-têng
    \n
    • 2018-nî 12-goe̍h thong-kòe jī-tho̍k sòng-kau saⁿ-tho̍k.
      • \n
    • 2018-nî 12-goe̍h 25-li̍t thong-kòe saⁿ-tho̍k, sòng-kau chóng-thóng chhiam-sú.
      • \n
    • 2019-nî 1-goe̍h 9-li̍t iû chóng-thóng Chhòa Eng-bûn chhiam-sú chóng-thóng-lēng kong-pò͘ āu, chū 2019-nî 1-goe̍h 11-li̍t khí si-hêng.
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3743}} -{"text":"\n\n| Tâi-gí-bûn hē-lia̍t ê pōo-hūn |\n| --- |\n| |\n| * Bân-lâm gú su-siá hē-thóng pí-kàu\n |\n| Tiong-kok bûn-jī (Hàn-jī)\n* Tale of the Lychee Mirror\n* Koa-á books\n* Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china\n* Taiwanese Minnan Recommended Characters\n |\n| Lating-jī\n* Pe̍h-ōe-jī\n* Taiwanese Language Phonetic Alphabet\n* Taiwanese Romanization System\n* Bbánlám pìngyīm\n* Daighi tongiong pingim\n* Phofsit Daibuun\n* Modern Literal Taiwanese\n |\n| \nHūn-ha̍p bûn-jī(Hàn-lô) |\n| Kî-thann tsuán-lio̍k\n* Taiwanese kana\n* Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols\n* Taiwanese hangul\n |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n**Tâi-gí-bûn** (台語文), iā kiò **Tâi-oân-ōe-bûn** (台灣話文), **Tâi-gí pe̍h-ōe-bûn** (台語白話文) ia̍h **Tâi-bûn** (台文), sī chi̍t chióng hû-ha̍p pēng iông-ha̍p Tâi-gí gí-hoat kap sû-lūi ê su-bīn-bûn hē-thóng, chú-iàu tī Tâi-oân, Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn kap Kńg-tang, Sin-ka-pho í-ki̍p Má-lâi-se-a. Thoân-thóng ê Tâi-gí-bûn hêng-sek sī iû thoân-thóng Hàn-jī kap Tâi-bân Hàn-jī tàu-tīn hêng-bûn; kīn-tāi í-lâi, tòe thoân-kàu-sū lâi tī Tang-a, ūi-tio̍h thoân-kàu su-iàu lēng-gōa hoat-tián chhut chi̍t thò í Lô-má-jī chò su-siá bûn-jī ê Pe̍h-ōe-jī. Í-siōng nn̄g chióng lóng sī chit-má Tâi-gí-bûn su-siá siōng ê iu-sè hē-thóng, sīm-chì mā ū lām chò-hóe siá ê Hàn-lô lām-siá ê su-siá bô͘-sek.\n\nIn-ūi bó-gí tha̍k-siá kàu-io̍k khoat-sit, sú-iōng Tâi-gí ê Tâi-oân-lâng ū 90% í-siōng sī Tâi-gí-bûn ê chheⁿ-mê-gû ia̍h pòaⁿ chheⁿ-mê-gû, jî-chhiáⁿ ka-kī m̄ chai. In-chhú, Tâi-oân-lâng tī pò-chóa, mûi-thé kap bāng-lō͘ téng tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ēng Hôa-gí im-gī sio-óa ê jī-sû lâi su-siá bó-gí, tì-sú chē-chē chhò-pia̍t-jī ê sán-seng.\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 台語文記憶 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n* 國立台灣文學館 - 首頁 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n* 鹭水芗南-闽南语部落 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n* 台灣羅馬字協會 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn","meta":{"title":"Tâi-gí-bûn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[633,1657,0.3820156910078455],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2010}} -{"text":"Type of Tē-tuì-khong tō-tān [en] hē-thóng{{SHORTDESC:Type of Tē-tuì-khong tō-tān [en] hē-thóng|noreplace}}\n**NASAMS** (ing-gú: Norwegian Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System (**Norge sian-tsìn tē-tuì-khong [en] tō-tān hē-thóng**), iah kiò-tsò: National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System (**Kok-ka sian-tsìn tē-tuì-khong tō-tān hē-thóng**)) sī tsi̍t-tsióng hun-pòo-sik hām bāng-lōo-huà ê tiong-té tîng:4  tē-ki hông-khòng hē-thóng iû Kongsberg Defense & Aerospace (KDA) kah Raytheon sóo khai-huat ê hē-thóng. HASAMS tsit-ê hē-thóng ē-tàng hong-ú bûn-jîng-ki (UAV), ti̍t-sing-ki, sûn-hâng tō-tān, bû-în tsok-tsiàn hui-hîng-khì (UCAV) kah hui-ki.:11\n\nNASAMS sī tē-bīn huat-siā ê AIM-120 AMRAAM (sian-tsìn tiong-tîng khong-tuì-khong tō-tān) ê tē-it-pái ìng-iōng. NASAMS-2 sī hē-thóng ê sing-kip pán-pún, ē-sái sú-iōng Link 16, tsū-tsiông 2007-nî khai-sí ūn-hîng. Tsiat-tsí 2022-nî, NASAMS-3 sī siōng-sin ê sing-kip pán-pún; NASAMS-3 tī 2019-nî pōo-sú, tsing-ka huat-siā AIM-9 hiáng-bué-tsuâ hām IRIS-T SLS té-ting tō-tān kah AMRAAM-ER tsing-tîng tō-tān ê lîng-li̍k, pīng ín-ji̍p î-tōng-sik khong-tiong sing-kàng huat-siā-khì. NASAMS í-king tsìng-bîng kah Patriot tíng-tíng uán-tîng hē-thóng ê hōo-siongtshau-tsok-sìng.\n\nHuat-tián\n---------\n\nNASAMS ê khai-huat tī 1990 nî-tāi, hit-tong-sî Norge kong-si Kongsberg Defense & Aerospace (KDA) kah Raytheon ha̍p-tsok lî-tshiánn koh khé-tōng NASAMS kè-uē, tsok-uî Norge hông-ka khong-kun [en] (RNoAF) ê ha̍p-tsok hāng-bo̍k.\n\nKhiā tī KS500F ê tiān-náu hām tsah-ū nn̄g-ê tshái-sik CRT îng-bōo ê KMC9000 khòng-tsè-tâi ê tsong-ha̍p hông-khong tsok-tsiàn kuán-lí tsí-hui khòng-tsè hē-thóng, siōng-tāi-sing sī uī-tio̍h \"Norge ko-kip ing-á\" (NOAH) kè-uē sóo khai-huat ê,[9] sī tuì MIM-23B ê sing-kip ing-á puànn tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t thâu, tō-sī tē-tuì-khong tō-tān hē-thóng. Tsit-ê tsí-hui khòng-tsè hē-thóng kā hiān-iú ê AN/MPQ-46 \"Ko kong-lu̍t tsiò-bîng Doppler luî-ta̍t\" (HPIR) kah N/TPQ-36 huán-phàu luî-ta̍t tsi̍p-sîng, thong-kuè TPQ-36A nńg-thé sing-kip kái-tsò uî 3D kē khong-i̍k kàm-sī luî-ta̍t.\n\nSing-kip liáu-āu ê NOAH uan-ná kā muí-tsi̍t-ê huat-siā-tâi kán-ná kah tsi̍t-ê bo̍k-piau kau-tsiàn, m̄-ku tse lóng bô-kàu lâi ìng-tuì tuā-kui-bôo huat-siā sûn-hâng tō-tān ê sin-ui-hia̍p. In-tshú, RNoAF hā-līng tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo khai-huat kū-iú tsiânn-tsē ê huat-siā-khì kah luî-ta̍t ê hun-pòo-sik, í bāng-lōo uî tiong-sim ê hông-khòng hē-thóng.\n\nMIM-23B tō-tān hōo tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t tsè-tō AIM-120 AMRAAM tō-tān tshú-tāi, tsit-ê tō-tān teh guân-tshoo pòo-tì ê hit-tong-sî iah sú-iōng kuàn-sìng tō-hâng hē-thóng, TPQ-36A luî-ta̍t sing-kip uî tńg-se̍h ê AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel phuè-tī. Tshik-tshì huat-siā tī 1993-nî 6-gue̍h tsìn-hîng; tsit-ê hē-thóng tī 1994-nî nî-bué tsì 1995-nî nî-tshe kū-pī tshoo-pōo tsok-tsiàn ê lîng-li̍k, pīng tī 1998-nî tsuân-bīn tâu-ji̍p sú-iōng.\n\nTsing-kiông-hîng NASAMS-2 tī 2000 nî-tāi khai-huat koh suà-lo̍h-lâi tī 2006-nî tâu-ji̍p sú-iōng, lî-tshiánn tē-3 tāi NASAMS-3 tī 2010 nî-tāi khai-huat pīng ti 2019-nî tâu-ji̍p sú-iōng.\n\nHo̍k-i̍k li̍k-sú\n----------------\n\nTī 2005-nî Bí-kok tsóng-thóng tsiū-tsit tián-lé ê kî-kan, Bí-kok ū kuí-ā-ê NASAMS hông iōng-lâi pó-hōo Washington, D.C. siōng-khòng ê líng-khong, tông-sî iōng-lâi pó-hōo P\ne̍h-kiong sì-khoo-lián-tńg ê líng-khong.\n\nTī 2017-nî Lithuan tsù-bûn NASAMS-3 iōng-lâi thê-ko tsū-sin ê hông-khong lîng-li̍k; tī 2020-nî kau-hù nn̄g-ê iânn ê tsong-pī.\n\nSú-iōng kok-ka\n--------------\n\nNASAMS í-king tshut-kháu kàu Bí-kok, koh-lâi NASAMS-2 ê sing-kip-pán í-king tshut-kháu kàu Hunlân, Hôlân, Sepangâ, Oman, kah Chile.\n\nTsiat-tsí 2020-nî, lóng-tsóng ū 12-king kuann-hong îng-ūn-siong. Kongsberg piáu-sī: \"NASAMS tng-teh Norge, Sepangâ, Bí-kok, Hô-lan, Hun-lân kah tsi̍t-ê bī-kong-khai ê kheh-hōo lóng tâu-ji̍p sú-iōng. Tsit-ê hē-thóng tng-teh uī Oman, Lithuan, Australia, Hungary and Qatar lâi sing-sán. NASAMS kah sè-kài kok-tē ê lio̍k-kun hā khong-kun tâng-tsê sú-iōng. Tshú-guā, Pho-lân, Elláda, Suī-tián kah Türkiye in uī-tio̍h kok-tsióng bú-khì hē-thóng ūn-hîng, jî-lâi uī-tio̍h tshau-khòng Kongsberg tsí-hui hām Khòng-tsè hong-àn\".:10\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Air Defense: India Gets Integrated\". *strategypage.com*. 2020-03-06. 2021-01-29 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"AIM-120 AMRAAM-Extended Range\". GlobalSecurity.org.\n3. ↑ Surface-Launched AMRAAM (SL-AMRAAM / CLAWS), United States of America – Army Technology.com\n4. ↑ \"Raytheon MPQ-64F1 Improved Sentinel Radar – NASAMS – Kongsberg Defence an Aerospace\".\n5. ↑ National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System (NASAMS)\n6. 1 2 3 \"NASAMS Air Defence System\" (PDF). Kongsberg. 18 June 2021.\n7. ↑ \"nasams\". *www.raytheonmissilesanddefense.com* (ēng Eng-gí). 2022-04-07 khòaⁿ--ê.\n8. ↑ \"NASAMS Air Defence System\".\n9. ↑ Lund, Elisabeth (2006-02-16). \"Norske våpen vokter presidenten\". *Økonomisk Rapport* (ēng Norwegian). goân-loē-iông tī 2006-05-19 hőng khó͘-pih. June 24, 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.\n10. ↑ Christensen, Maj. Ola K. (2005-03-08). \"The Norwegian Solution!\". *Battle Griffin 2005* (ēng Norwegian). goân-loē-iông tī 2005-11-16 hőng khó͘-pih. June 24, 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.\n11. ↑ NASAMS September 2015 : \"Washington DC has since 2005 been protected 24/7 by NASAMS.\"\n12. ↑ \"Lithuania buys Norwegian air defence system amid Russia fears\". *spacedaily.com*. 28 October 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.\n13. ↑ \"Rapid Fire: 2010-06-22\". Defense Industry Daily. 2010. 2010-06-25 khòaⁿ--ê.\n14. ↑ Dutch Order NASAMS-SLAMRAAM Air Defense Systems (2006-12-08)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Raytheon Technologies [en]\n* GlobalSecurity.org\n* Chū-cháu-sik hông-khong bú-khì [en] (Tsū-tsáu-sik hông-khong bú-khì/Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon)\n* Tē-tuì-khong tō-tān [en] (Surface-to-air missile)\n* Khong-tuì-tē tō-tān [en] (Air-to-surface missile)\n* CAMM\n* HİSAR\n* Multi-Mission Launcher\n* Sky Dragon 50\n* SPYDER\n* VL MICA\n* VL-SRSAM\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***NASAMS*** |\n\n* Official Norwegian Defence Force website NASAMS page (Eng-gí)\n* Royal Norwegian Air Force Air and Missile Defence Team Page 1 (Eng-gí)\n* Royal Norwegian Air Force Air and Missile Defence Team Page 2 (Eng-gí)\n* Royal Norwegian Air Force Home Page (Eng-gí)\n* NASAMS II fact sheet in no (Eng-gí)\n* Finland acquire NASAMS and radar system for 500 million eur April 28, 2009 (Eng-gí)\n* 防空的關鍵角色：國家先進面對空飛彈系統(NASAMS) (Hàn-gí) (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"NASAMS","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2506,6461,0.38786565547128926],"infobox":["
    NASAMS
    (Norge (hi̍k-tsiá Kok-ka) sian-tsìn tē-tuì-khong tō-tān hē-thóng)
    \n
    NASAMS ê huat-siā-khì
    Luī-hîng\nTē-tuì-khong tō-tān [en] hē-thóng
    Guân-sán-tē\nNorge/Bí-kok
    Ho̍k-i̍k kì-lo̍k
    Ho̍k-i̍k kî-kan\n1998 – bo̍k-tsiân
    Sú-iōng tsiá\nTsham-ua̍t operators
    Sing-sán li̍k-sú
    Set-kè-tsiá\nKongsberg Defence & Aerospace
    Sing-sán-siong\nKongsberg Defence & Aerospace kah Raytheon Missiles & Defense
    Ki-pún tsu-guân
    Sîng-guân\n2
    \n
    Effective firing range\n

    Radius of engagement for each of 12 missile launchers per battery for (NASAMS 2) is 30km and for (NASAMS 3 / AMRAAM-ER) is 50km.

    \n\nRadar detection and engagement range = 120 km
    \n
    Hui-hîng kuân-tōo\n

    21 km (NASAMS 2)

    \n35.7km (NASAMS 3 / AMRAAM-ER)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6860}} -{"text":"Pang-bô͘:Infobox vein\n\n**Mn̂g tsīng-me̍h**, hi̍k-tsiá **Mn̂g-me̍h** (門靜脈, 門脈; portal vein) hi̍k-tsiá **Kuann mn̂g tsīng-me̍h** (肝門靜脈; hepatic portal vein (HPV)) sī kā hiat-i̍k uì uī-tn̂g tō (胃腸道), tám-lông (膽囊), î-siàn (胰腺) kap pî-tsōng (脾臟) su-sàng kàu kuann-tsōng (肝臟) ê hiat-kuán. Tsit-tsióng hiat-i̍k hâm-iú uì siau-huà luē-iông bu̍t tang-tiong the̍h-tshut ê îng-ióng bu̍t-tsit hām to̍k-sòo. Tāi-iok 75% ê kuann-tsōng tsóng hiat liû-liōng thong-kuè mn̂g tsīng-me̍h, tshun-ê pōo-hūn lâi-tsū kuann tōng-me̍h. Hiat-i̍k thong-kuè kuann tsīng-me̍h lī-khui kuann-tsōng ta̍t-kàu sim-tsōng.\n\nMn̂g tsīng-me̍h m̄ sī tsiànn-káng ê tsīng-me̍h; in-uī mn̂g tsīng-me̍h kā hiat-i̍k sàng-kàu kuann-tsōng ê môo-sè hiat-kuán tshn̂g, m̄ sī ti̍t-tsiap su-sàng kàu sim-tsōng. Mn̂g tsīng-me̍h sī jîn-thé 3-ê mn̂g tsīng-me̍h hē-thóng tsi-it, iah-sī kuann-mn̂g hē-thóng ê tsú-iàu tsoo-sîng pōo-hūn; kî-thann ê pōo-hūn sī suî-thé hām sīn-mn̂g hē-thóng.\n\nMn̂g tsīng-me̍h thong-siông iû tn̂g-hē-mo̍oh (腸系膜) siōng tsīng-me̍h (上靜脈), pî tsīng-me̍h (脾靜脈), tn̂g-hē-mo̍oh (腸系膜) hā tsīng-me̍h (下靜脈), uī tò, tsiànn tsīng-me̍h (胃左右靜脈) kah î tsīng-me̍h (胰靜脈) huē-ha̍p sóo tsoo-sîng tshut-lâi ê.\n\nKhan-kha̍p mn̂g tsīng-me̍h ê pēnn-tsìng ē tì-sú giâm-tiōng ê pēnn-tsìng hām sí-bông. Tsit-tsióng tsîng-hóng ê tsi̍t-ê tiōng-iàu ê huān-lē sī mn̂g tsīng-me̍h hiat-ap sing-kuân. Tsit-tsióng tsîng-hóng kiò-tsò mn̂g tsīng-me̍h ko-hiat-ap, sī kuann-ngē-huàê tsú-iàu pìng-huat-tsìng (complication). Pak-tóo phòng-phuê pán-lâ (脂肪) tang-tiong, iām-tsìng sè-pau in-tsí kah kî-thann ū-to̍k ê bu̍t-tsit thong-kuè mn̂g tsīng-me̍h uì luē-tsōng pán-lâ tsuán-ūn tsì kuann-tsōng, tì-sú kuann-tsōng î-tó-sòo (insulin) té-khòng hām hui tsiú-tsing sìng pán-lâ kuann-pēnn.\n\nTôo-siōng\n---------\n\n* Human embryo with heart and anterior body-wall removed to show the sinus venosus and its tributariesHuman embryo with heart and anterior body-wall removed to show the sinus venosus and its tributaries\n* Section across the portal triad of the pigSection across the portal triad of the pig\n* Longitudinal section of a small portal vein and canalLongitudinal section of a small portal vein and canal\n* Hepatic portal vein. Plastination technique.Hepatic portal vein. Plastination technique.\n* Hepatic portal vein. Abdominal cavity. Deep dissection.Hepatic portal vein. Abdominal cavity. Deep dissection.\n* Hepatic portal vein. Visceral surface of liver.Hepatic portal vein. Visceral surface of liver.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Item F, Konrad D (2012). \"Visceral fat and metabolic inflammation: the portal theory revisited\" (PDF). *Obesity Reviews*. **13** (Suppl 2): 30–39. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01035.x. PMID 23107257.\n2. ↑ Dhawan D, Sharma S (2020). \"Abdominal Obesity, Adipokines and Non-communicable Diseases\". *The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology*. **203**: 105737. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105737.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Hepatic artery proper\n* Portal venous system\n* Hepatic portal system (肝門脈系)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Anatomy photo:38:12-0109 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - \"Stomach, Spleen and Liver: The Visceral Surface of the Liver\"\n* Anatomy image:7959 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center\n* Anatomy image:8565 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center\n* Anatomy image:8697 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center\n* Cross section image: pembody/body8a—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85105068\n* GND: 4174100-6\n* BNF: cb120109035 (data)\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Koaⁿ mn̂g chēng-me̍h","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1119,2922,0.38295687885010266],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3856}} -{"text":"\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | \n*The Well-Tempered Clavier*, first prelude of Book I\n\nPlayed by Kimiko Douglass-Ishizaka |\n| \n\n---\n\n*Siu-thiaⁿ chia tóng-àn chhut būn-tê? Chham-khó kái-soeh.* |\n\n**Kǹg-khîm** sī 1 chióng ga̍k-khì, mā kiò-chò **phi-á-no͘h**, **iûⁿ-hiân-khîm**, **se-iûⁿ-khîm** iah-sī **tâng-soàⁿ-khîm**.\n\nChit-khoán ga̍k-khì kāng-sî-chūn sio̍k-tī khîm-jí ga̍k-khì (*keyboard instrument*), táⁿ-kek ga̍k-khì (*percussion instrument*) he̍k-chiá-sī hiân-ga̍k-khì (*string instrument*), tio̍h khoàⁿ sú-iōng--ê sī toh-chi̍t-ê hun-lūi hē-thóng. Kǹg-khîm ê hoat-siaⁿ, sī khò pau mô͘-chiⁿ ê sè-ki chhâ-chhoê kòng kǹg-thih chò ê hiân lâi--ê, chhâ-chhoê kòng hiân liáu-āu, ē sûi thiàu--lī, tì-sú hiân kè-sio̍k tī kiōng-bêng ê pîn-lu̍t chùn-tōng, chit-lō chùn-tōng thàu-koè khîm-kiô thoân khì im-pang, kā siaⁿ hàm-toā.\n\nKǹg-khîm tī Se-kok im-ga̍k--ni̍h chia̍p-chia̍p ēng tī to̍k-chàu ê piáu-ián, sek-lāi-ga̍k kap phoāⁿ-chàu. Tī chok-khek kap pâi-liān mā tiāⁿ ēng. Sui-jiân thé-chek toā bô-hó soá-kiâⁿ, kè-siàu pí-kàu-tek khah koân, chóng--sī im-ga̍k-siōng ê piáu-hiān lêng-le̍k kap phó-phiàn-sèng ê in-toaⁿ, hō͘ kǹg-khîm taⁿ chiâⁿ-chò ga̍k-khì lāi-té siōng-kài siū hoan-gêng ê 1 khoán.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Wilhelm Sulpiz Kurz [en]\n* Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki [en] (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft)\n* Goân-kó͘-tāi (guân-kóo-tāi; proterozoic)\n* Bloomberg Sin-bûn-siā [en] (Bloomberg News)\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* History of the Piano Forte Archived 2010-12-10 at the Wayback Machine. Association of Blind Piano Tuners, UK\n* Section *Table of Music Pitches* of the Virginia Tech Multimedia Music Dictionary\n* The Frederick Historical Piano Collection\n* The Pianofortes of Bartolomeo Cristofori, Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, The Metropolitan Museum of Art\n* Five lectures on the Acoustics of the piano\n* *The Piano in Polish Collections* (historical instruments)","meta":{"title":"Kǹg-khîm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[925,1940,0.47680412371134023],"infobox":["
    Kǹg-khîm
    \n
    A grand piano (left) and an upright piano (right)
    Keyboard instrument
    Hornbostel–Sachs classification\n314.122-4-8
    (Simple chordophone with keyboard sounded by hammers)
    Inventor(s)\nBartolomeo Cristofori
    Developed\nEarly 18th century
    Playing range
    \n

    \n
    Musicians
    \n

    \nPianists (Lists of pianists)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2037}} -{"text":"\nTit-tio̍h **Nobel Chióng** (ia̍h **Nobel Siúⁿ**) ē-sái kóng sī sè-kài kong-jīn siāng-kài ū êng-kng ê o-ló. Chit ê chióng pan hō͘ tùi siā-hōe ū te̍k-sû kòng-hiàn ê lâng. Hoat-khí-jîn sī Alfred Nobel; i sī Sūi-tián-kok ê kang-gia̍p-ka, mā sī dynamite ê hoat-bêng-jîn. I tùi i ê hoat-bêng-phín hō͘ lâng tòng-chò bú-khì kám-kak sit-bōng, só͘-í hi-bāng ē-tàng po-siúⁿ tùi jîn-lūi ū kòng-hiàn ê lâng. I tī 1895 nî 11-goe̍h 27 tī Pa-lí ê Sūi-tián Ná-ui Club chhiam i ê chhiú-bóe-jī.\n\n1901 nî kí-pān thâu-1-pái ê pan-chióng tián-lé, tē-tiám tī Stockholm ê Kū Hông-sek Im-ga̍k Ha̍k-īⁿ. Liáu-āu kái iû Sūi-tián ê Cha-po͘-ông chèng-sek pan-chióng. Chióng ê úi-oân-hōe, ki-kò͘ tī ta̍k-nî ê 10-goe̍h sûi-ê-á hoat-piáu hit nî-tang ê ti̍t-chióng-jîn. Tī 12-goe̍h 10 (Nobel pia̍t-sè ê ji̍t) chèng-sek pan-chióng.\n\nMúi-1-ê Nobel Chióng pau-koat tio̍h 1 pit chióng-kim, hiān-chú-sî iok-lio̍k ta̍t 1-chheng-bān Sūi-tián krona (3-chheng-gōa-bān Tâi-phiò). Goân-thâu ê ì-sù sī hi-bāng ti̍t-chióng-jîn ē-tit-thang khùiⁿ-oa̍h chiap-sòa chò in ê khang-khòe. Chóng--sī, bē-chió lâng tio̍h-chióng ê sî-chūn í-keng sī thoè-hiu liáu-āu ah.\n\nChióng ê hāng-bo̍k\n------------------\n\nChióng hun ē-kha chit kúi ê léng-he̍k:\n\n* Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k (Sūi-tián Hông-ka Kho-ha̍k-īⁿ koat-tēng--ê)\n* Hòa-ha̍k (Hông-sek Sūi-tián Kho-ha̍k-īⁿ koat-tēng--ê)\n* Seng-lí-ha̍k a̍h-sī I-ha̍k (Karolinska Gián-kiù-só· koat-tēng--ê)\n* Bûn-ha̍k (Sūi-tián Gián-kiù-īⁿ koat-tēng--ê)\n* Hô-pêng (Ná-ui Kok-hōe chí-phài ê úi-oân-hōe koat-tēng--ê)\n\nTī 1968 nî Sūi-tián Gîn-hâng hoat-khí 1 ê sin chióng, hō·-chò \"Alfred Nobel Keng-chè Kho-ha̍k Kì-liām-chióng\", it-poaⁿ kán-chheng Nobel Keng-chè-ha̍k Chióng, tio̍h-chióng miâ-toaⁿ mā sī iû Hông-sek Sūi-tián Kho-ha̍k-īⁿ koat-tēng. Chóng--sī, in-ūi Nobel ê ûi-chok bô kóng-tio̍h chit hāng, mā bô chhut-chîⁿ, i ê ka-siok kàu-taⁿ bô jīn-ûi che sī Nobel Chióng ê kî-tiong 1 hāng. Tī 1995 nî chú-pān tan-ūi koat-tēng Keng-chè Chióng ê hiō-soán-jîn èng-kai pau-koat tùi kok-chióng siā-hōe kho-ha̍k ū kòng-hiàn ê lâng.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Ig Nobel Chióng\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Nobelprize.org - Koaⁿ-hong\n* Hông-sek Sverige Kho-ha̍k-īⁿ ê Nobel Úi-oân-hōe Archived 2006-10-08 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Karolinska Institute ê Nobel Úi-oân-hōe Archived 2004-08-04 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Sverige Academy\n* Norge Nobel Úi-oân-hōe Archived 2013-10-13 at the Wayback Machine.\n\n* Nobel Chióng Internet Archive - hui-koaⁿ-hong\n* Nobel Chióng tek-chú ê lia̍t-toaⁿ\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nNobel Chióng |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n* Hòa-ha̍k Chióng\n* Bûn-ha̍k Chióng\n* Seng-lí-ha̍k ia̍h I-ha̍k Chióng\n* Hô-pêng Chióng\n* Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k Chióng\n* Keng-chè-ha̍k Chióng\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85092136\n* GND: 4130217-5\n* NDL: 00568591\n* NKC: ph117923\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Nobel Chióng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1068,2765,0.38625678119349005],"infobox":["
    Nobel Chióng
    Tùi-siōng\nBûn-ha̍k
    Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k
    Hô-pêng
    Hòa-ha̍k
    Keng-chè Kho-ha̍k
    Seng-lí-ha̍k kap I-ha̍k
    Kok-ka\n\"\" Sūi-tián
    \"\" Ná-ui
    Khai-sí\n1901 nî
    1969 nî (Keng-chè-ha̍k Chióng)
    Koaⁿ-hong
    bāng-chām    		\n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3192}} -{"text":"Ji̍t-goa̍t-thâm thâm-kîⁿ (2007)\nJi̍t-goa̍t-thâm thâm-kîⁿ (2005)\n**Ji̍t-goa̍t-thâm** (日月潭, Thao-gí: *Zintun*) sī Tâi-oân siāng tōa ê ô͘, tī Lâm-tâu-koān Hî-tî-hiong, Chúi-soa-liân (水沙連) tē-tài ê tiong-sim ūi-tì. Ji̍t-goa̍t-thâm sī Tâi-oân tiong-pō· chú-iàu ê 1 ê koan-kong tiám.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nTang-keng 120-tō· 55-hun, pak-hūi 23-tō· 52-hun. Bīn-chek: 5.4 km².\n\nJi̍t-goa̍t-thâm tang-hong sī Tiong-iong-soaⁿ-me̍h, se-hong sī pêng-goân. Pak-hong chiap Po·-lí-tìn, tang-pak chiap Jîn-ài-hiong, tang-lâm sī Sìn-gī-hiong, sai-lâm sī Chúi-lí-hiong, sai-pak sī Kok-sèng-hiong.\n\nTē-lí siōng, Ji̍t-goa̍t-thâm sio̍k-î Chúi-soa-liân Phûn-tē-kûn ê kî-tiong 1 ê phûn-tē. Hām hū-kīn ê Thâu-siā, Hî-tî, Po·-lí sio-siâng, kó·-chá lóng sī ô·. Ji̍t-goa̍t-thâm tī khah koân ê só·-chāi, khah bô lia̍p-chek soa-thô·, hō·-chúi mā ū kàu gia̍h, tì-sú bô ta--khì. \n\nHiān-tāi ê Ji̍t-goa̍t-thâm chúi-bīn siāng koân ū 750 m, pí éng-kòe 727 m ke khah koân.\n\nThâm tiong ū 1 ê sió-tó, kiò chò Lalu-tó.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n1900 nî chó-iū hip--ê\nJi̍t-goa̍t-thâm pún-chiâⁿ sī goân-chū-bîn Thao-cho̍k khiā-khí ê só·-chāi. Tī hia ê chng-thâu: Chúi-siā (水社, mā hō·-chò Chio̍h-ìn 石印).\n\nThao-cho̍k kiò Ji̍t-goa̍t-thâm hō-chò **Zintun**. Tāi-chheng-tè-kok sî-tāi (1821 nî, Tō-kong-goân-nî) ū koaⁿ-oân Tēng Thoân-an (鄧傳安) hō-miâ *Ji̍t-goa̍t-thâm*. Ji̍t-goa̍t-thâm ê miâ chin chē: **Chúi-siā Tōa-ô·**, **Chúi-lí-ô·** (水裡湖), **Chúi-lí-siā-ô·** (-thâm; 水裡社潭), **Chúi-siā-hái-á** (水社海仔), **Tek-ô·** (竹湖), **Liông-thâm** (-ô·), téng-téng. 19 sè-kí bóe ū se-iûⁿ jîn-sū khì hia pài-hóng, chham-koan, pau-koat thoân-kàu-sū Kam-ūi-lîm (1873), Bí-kok seng-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka Joseph Beal Steere, Britain Tè-kok tāi-sài Thomas Lowden Bullock. In kì-chài ê miâ ū **Dragon Lake** (Liông-thâm, Liông-ô·), **Nin-Isivatan Lake** téng-téng. Kam-ūi-lîm koh hō 1 ê **Lake Candidius** kì-liām 17 sè-kí Kē-tē-kok thoân-kàu-sū Georgius Candidius. Chit ê miâ chhut-hiān tī Se-hng ê bûn-hiàn tang-tiong.\n\nŪi beh phoè-ha̍p Ji̍t-pún tī Tâi-oân hoat-tián khin-kang-gia̍p ê chèng-chhek, Tâi-oân Tiān-le̍k Chu-sek-hōe-siā tī 1919 nî (Tāi-chèng 8 nî) khai-sí tī hia khí hoat-tiān-chhiúⁿ, m̄-koh 3-nî-poàⁿ liáu-āu in-ūi chu-kim bô-kàu, bat thêng-kang, khai-kang kúi-nā-pái. Kàu-kah 1931 nî (Chiau-hô 6 nî) chiah khêng ū-kàu chu-kim khí 2 ê chúi-pà: Chúi-siā-pà koân 30.3 m, Thâu-siā-pà koân 10.08 m. Ji̍t-goa̍t-thâm ê chúi-ūi gia̍h koân 18.18 m, bīn-chek tùi pún-té 5.75 km² pìⁿ 7.73 km², té-chúi ê iông-liōng tùi 1.830 bān (?) m³ cheng-ka kàu 1.23 ek m³ (?) (6.72 pōe). Thao-cho̍k ê chó· tē, pau-koat Lalu-tó (Chu-á-sū), Chio̍h-ìn, Tek-ô· (竹湖), lóng im tī chúi lāi.\n\nSiâng-hit-sî Ji̍t-pún-lâng mā tī hia hoat-tián koan-kong sū-gia̍p. Thao-cho̍k ê chó·-lêng sèng-tē Lalu-tó kái hō-chò *Tamasima* (Ji̍t-bûn: 玉島), téng-koân khí 1 ê sîn-siā.\n\n921 Tōa Tē-tāng\n\nTē-tiám\n-------\n\n* Lalu-tó\n* Bûn-bú-biō\n* 玄光寺\n* Chû-un-thah\n* Khóng-chhiok-hn̂g\n* Kàu-su Hōe-koán\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Sun Moon Lake*** |\n\n* Ji̍t-goa̍t-thâm Kok-ka Hong-kéng-khu\n* Archived 2004-12-08 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Ji̍t-goa̍t-thâm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[205,2922,0.0701574264202601],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3488}} -{"text":"Pang-bô͘:Taoism\n\n***Hoâi-lâm-chú*** (淮南子), goân-miâ ***Hông-lia̍t*** (鴻烈), mā hō-chò ***Hoâi-lâm Hông-lia̍t*** (淮南鴻烈), ***Hoâi-lâm Lōe-phian*** (淮南內篇), ***Hoâi-lâm-ông-su*** (淮南王書) kap ***Lâu-an-chú*** (劉安子). Chok-chiá sī Se Hàn Hoâi-lâm-ông Lâu An kap i-ê mn̂g-lâng, tī se-goân chêng 139 nî oân-sêng, hō-miâ \"Hông-lia̍t\", ì-sù sī \"tōa koh kng\". *Hoâi-lâm-chú* ê chok-ka chin chē, lōe-iông iā chin kóng-hoàn, tùi chèng-tī, tiat-lí, thian-bûn, tē-lí, chū-jiân, ióng-seng, kun-sū téng hong-bīn lóng ū lūn-su̍t, iông-ha̍p Sian Chîn chu-chú ê su-sióng, í Tō-ka ê Ló-Chng su-sióng ûi-chú, chhái-la̍p Jû-ka kap Im-iông-ka ê koan-tiám, siu-chèng Sian Chîn Tō-ka ê bû-ûi chèng-tī lí-lūn, hoat-hui thian-jîn kám-èng ê kóng-hoat. Che sī Hàn-tiâu chho͘-kî kok-phài ha̍k-su̍t su-sióng ê chi̍p-ha̍p, sī khòaⁿ-chò sī Chu-chú Pek-ka lāi Cha̍p-ka ê tāi-piáu-chok.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* *Hoâi-lâm-chú* choân-bûn sòaⁿ-téng tha̍k\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 186296472\n* LCCN: n80004623\n* GND: 4242294-2\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Hoâi-lâm-chú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[118,944,0.125],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1214}} -{"text":"G1 khu-he̍k sī Silesia-gí ê hun-pò͘ khu.\n**Silesia-gí** (*ślůnsko godka*, *ślůnski*, *pů našymu*; \"ślůnsko\" ê IPA peng-im: ['ɕlonskɔ]) sī Pho-lân ê Téng Silesia tē-khu, í-ki̍p Tek-kok chham Czech chi̍t-kóa só͘-chāi só͘ sú-iōng ê chi̍t-khóan gí-giân. Kun-kù 2011 nî ê Pho-lân chôan-kok phó͘-cha, tong-tē ū 509 000 ê jîn-bîn í Silesia-gí chòe chāi-tē gí-giân (bó-gí). Silesia-gí chham Pho-lân-gí sī sio-chhin-kīn, ū chi̍t-kóa gí-giân-ha̍k-ka chiong i tòng-chò Pho-lân-gí ê hong-giân chi-it.\n\nJī-bó\n-----\n\nSilesia-gí ê sú-iōng-chiá chiong Pho-lân-bûn ê Jī-bó iōng-lâi chò Silesia-gí ka-kī ê peng-siá-hoat. Lēng-gōa, chāi bāng-lō͘ téng, pau-koat Silesia-gí ê Wikipedia, it-poaⁿ sú-iōng 2006 nî í chá-kî peng-siá-hoat lâi siat-kè ê sin Jī-bó hē-thóng:\n\nAa Bb Cc Ćć Čč Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Ńń Oo Pp Rr Řř Ss Śś Šš Tt Uu Ůů Ww Yy Zz Źź Žž\nSiang-tiông-chú-im (digraph): \n\nCh Dz Dź Dž.\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\nWikipediaWikipedia\nWikipedia ū ***Silesia-gí*** ê pán-pún.\n\n* Silesia-gí sin-bûn\n* Pů našymu – djalykt ślůnski kodyfikowůny Archived 2008-07-14 at the Wayback Machine.\n\n1. ↑ Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011. Raport z wyników - Central Statistical Office of Poland","meta":{"title":"Silesia-gí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[187,1069,0.17492984097287184],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1316}} -{"text":"**Tuā hun-kuah ko tsè-liōng tiâu-kiông hong-sia tī-liâu** (Hypofractionated high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy) tse-sī tiâu-kiông hong-sia tī-liâu ê tsi̍t-tsióng si̍t-giām hîng-sik, kî-tiong khah-kuân ê X siā-suànn tsè-liōng iōng-teh khah-tsió ê hun-tshù (liâu-tîng), kiò-tsò Tuā hun-kuah hòng-siā tī-liâu. Sui-bóng ta̍k-pái hun-tshù ê tsè-liōng ko-î piau-tsún tī-liâu; m̄-ku tsóng tsè-liōng khah-ke. Ǹg-bāng Tuā hun-kuah ê hong-sik kāng-khuán ū-hāu; m̄-ku ín-khí ê to̍k-sìng ē khah-sè.\n\nLiap-hōo-suànn gâm\n------------------\n\n2011-nî tsìn-hîng tsi̍t-hāng tsiam-tuì liap-hōo-suànn (prostate) gâm ê tshì-giām. 2016-nî, HYPRO gián-kiù pò-kò teh 820 miâ tang-tiong huî-hiám kûn hi̍k-tsiá ko hong-hiám liap-hōo-suànn gâm ê huān-tsiá tang-tiong pí-kàu piau-tsún hun-kuah (39 pái 2 Gy hun-kuah, liân-suà 8 tsiu) hâm tuā hun-kuah (19 pái 3.4 Gy hun-kuah, liân-suà 6.5 tsiu) ê kiat-kó.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 3 \"A trial comparing different ways of giving radiotherapy for prostate cancer (CHHIP)\". 2015-03-17.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ UKCRN Database:Conventional or Hypofractionated High Dose Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. (Eng-gí)\n3. ↑ Toxicities May Affect Readiness of Hypofractionation in Prostate Cancer. March 2016 (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Radiation therapy\n* Dose fractionation\n* Prostate cancer\n\nGuap-oo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Conventional versus hypofractionated high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: 5-year outcomes of the randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3 CHHiP trial (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Tōa hun-koah ko chè-liōng tiâu-kiông hòng-siā tī-liâu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[548,1420,0.38591549295774646],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1702}} -{"text":"\n***Pak-hái Sió Eng-hiông*** (hàn-jī: 北海小英雄) sī 1 chhut 1970 nî-tāi ê bàng-gah iáⁿ-chi̍p. Ji̍t-pún ê Zuiyô (瑞鷹) Khì-gia̍p Kong-si kah Tek-kok ê Taurus Film ha̍p-chok chhut-phín. Kò͘-sū chham-khó Sverige chok-ka Runer Jonsson ê goân-tù *Vicke Viking* (1963). Ji̍t-bûn phìⁿ-miâ hō *小さなバイキングビッケ* (\"Sió Viking Bikke\"), Tek-gí miâ hō *Wickie*; Tâi-oân hoan-e̍k chò 北海小英雄.\n\nHòng-sàng\n---------\n\nChit chhut tī 1974 nî 1-goe̍h tāi-seng tī Tek-kok kong-kiōng tiān-sī-tâi ZDF hòng-sàng; 4-goe̍h tī Ji̍t-pún Huzi Tiān-sī-tâi hòng-sàng. Lóng-chóng 77 a̍h-sī 78 chi̍p, 1 chi̍p 25 hun-cheng. Kî-thaⁿ ê Europa kok-ka (Italia, Kē-tē-kok, Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok) mā ū chò. Tâi-oân tī 1978 nî 5-goe̍h 16 ji̍t khai-sí tī Tâi-sī poaⁿ, kàu-kah 8-goe̍h 8 ji̍t soah. Bat tī 1982 nî 1-goe̍h 27 ji̍t, 1990 nî 5-goe̍h 25 ji̍t têng-poh. 2004 nî 8-goe̍h tī Tong-sim Iù-iù-tâi koh-chài têng poaⁿ--1-piàn (pō·-hūn jîn-bu̍t ū hō sin miâ, mā têng phoè-im).\n\nKò͘-sū\n------\n\nKò͘-sū ê chú-kak Sió-ui (小威) hām 1 tīn Viking-lâng tòa tī Pak Europa ê Pò͘-lân-chhoan (布蘭村, Flake). Sió-ui chit ê cha-po͘ gín-á bô chhiūⁿ in a-pa Halva Thâu-bo̍k sī 1 ê piau-chún ê Viking ióng-sū. I tian-tò khah gâu chiam-tùi tú--tio̍h ê būn-tê seng siūⁿ thàu-thiat chiah lo̍h-chhiú chìn-hêng. Halva bē-tàng liáu-kái i ê kiáⁿ ê choh-hoat, sui-jiân kóng kiàn-pái to-sī Sió-ui sêng-kong pang-chān in ta̍k-ê tō· kòe lân-koan.\n\n* Kha-siàu: Sió-ui (Wickie), O͘-liông (Halvar), Ylva, Ylvi, Gilby, Tjure, Snorre, Urobe, Gorm, Ulme, Faxe\n\nChè-chok\n--------\n\nJi̍t-pún pán:\n\n* Tō-ián: Hirosi Saito, Noboru Isiguro, Kiyosi Harada.\n* Ōe-tô͘: Siniti Tuzi.\n* Kò·-sū: Yuzi Husano, Hirosi Kaneko, Akira Saiga, Takesi Hidaka, Tikao Katui.\n\nTâi-oân pán:\n\n* Chú-tê-koa tē-1-pān: sû Tēng Tìn-siong (鄧鎮湘), khek: Ong Se̍k-choân (汪石泉)\n* Chú-tê-koa tē-2-pān: sû/khek: Tiuⁿ Bín-siâng (張敏祥)\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Little Gems - Vicky the Viking - Eng-bûn-pán ê kài-siāu, ū chin chē tiuⁿ tô͘.\n* Ji̍t-bûn koaⁿ-hong chām\n* Tâi-oân pán ê chú-tê-koa Archived 2004-10-23 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Pak-hái Sió Eng-hiông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[517,1880,0.275],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2261}} -{"text":"**Tuā hun-kuah ko tsè-liōng tiâu-kiông hong-sia tī-liâu** (Hypofractionated high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy) tse-sī tiâu-kiông hong-sia tī-liâu ê tsi̍t-tsióng si̍t-giām hîng-sik, kî-tiong khah-kuân ê X siā-suànn tsè-liōng iōng-teh khah-tsió ê hun-tshù (liâu-tîng), kiò-tsò Tuā hun-kuah hòng-siā tī-liâu. Sui-bóng ta̍k-pái hun-tshù ê tsè-liōng ko-î piau-tsún tī-liâu; m̄-ku tsóng tsè-liōng khah-ke. Ǹg-bāng Tuā hun-kuah ê hong-sik kāng-khuán ū-hāu; m̄-ku ín-khí ê to̍k-sìng ē khah-sè.\n\nLiap-hōo-suànn gâm\n------------------\n\n2011-nî tsìn-hîng tsi̍t-hāng tsiam-tuì liap-hōo-suànn (prostate) gâm ê tshì-giām. 2016-nî, HYPRO gián-kiù pò-kò teh 820 miâ tang-tiong huî-hiám kûn hi̍k-tsiá ko hong-hiám liap-hōo-suànn gâm ê huān-tsiá tang-tiong pí-kàu piau-tsún hun-kuah (39 pái 2 Gy hun-kuah, liân-suà 8 tsiu) hâm tuā hun-kuah (19 pái 3.4 Gy hun-kuah, liân-suà 6.5 tsiu) ê kiat-kó.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 3 \"A trial comparing different ways of giving radiotherapy for prostate cancer (CHHIP)\". 2015-03-17.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ UKCRN Database:Conventional or Hypofractionated High Dose Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. (Eng-gí)\n3. ↑ Toxicities May Affect Readiness of Hypofractionation in Prostate Cancer. March 2016 (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Radiation therapy\n* Dose fractionation\n* Prostate cancer\n\nGuap-oo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Conventional versus hypofractionated high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: 5-year outcomes of the randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3 CHHiP trial (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Tōa hun-koah ko chè-liōng tiâu-kiông hòng-siā tī-liâu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[548,1420,0.38591549295774646],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1702}} -{"text":"**Tuā hun-kuah ko tsè-liōng tiâu-kiông hòng-siā tī-liâu** (Hypofractionated high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy) tse-sī tiâu-kiông hong-sia tī-liâu ê tsi̍t-tsióng si̍t-giām hîng-sik, kî-tiong khah-kuân ê X siā-suànn tsè-liōng iōng-teh khah-tsió ê hun-tshù (liâu-tîng), kiò-tsò Tuā hun-kuah hòng-siā tī-liâu. Sui-bóng ta̍k-pái hun-tshù ê tsè-liōng ko-î piau-tsún tī-liâu; m̄-ku tsóng tsè-liōng khah-ke. Ǹg-bāng Tuā hun-kuah ê hong-sik kāng-khuán ū-hāu; m̄-ku ín-khí ê to̍k-sìng ē khah-sè.\n\nLiap-hōo-suànn gâm\n------------------\n\n2011-nî tsìn-hîng tsi̍t-hāng tsiam-tuì liap-hōo-suànn (prostate) gâm ê tshì-giām. 2016-nî, HYPRO gián-kiù pò-kò teh 820 miâ tang-tiong huî-hiám kûn hi̍k-tsiá ko hong-hiám liap-hōo-suànn gâm ê huān-tsiá tang-tiong pí-kàu piau-tsún hun-kuah (39 pái 2 Gy hun-kuah, liân-suà 8 tsiu) hâm tuā hun-kuah (19 pái 3.4 Gy hun-kuah, liân-suà 6.5 tsiu) ê kiat-kó.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 3 \"A trial comparing different ways of giving radiotherapy for prostate cancer (CHHIP)\". 2015-03-17.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ UKCRN Database:Conventional or Hypofractionated High Dose Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. (Eng-gí)\n3. ↑ Toxicities May Affect Readiness of Hypofractionation in Prostate Cancer. March 2016 (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Radiation therapy\n* Dose fractionation\n* Prostate cancer\n* Colombia Hái-kun\n\nGuap-oo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Conventional versus hypofractionated high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: 5-year outcomes of the randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3 CHHiP trial (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Tōa hun-koah ko chè-liōng tiâu-kiông hòng-siā tī-liâu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[564,1438,0.39221140472878996],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1724}} -{"text":"\n**Peng-tó Kiōng-hô-kok** (冰島共和國, Peng-tó-gí: Lýðveldið Ísland) tī pak Tāi-se-iûⁿ, So͘-kat-lân kap Greenland ê tiong-kan. Peng-tó sī Pak-au kok-ka kî-tiong 1 kok.\n\nPeng-tó sī siāng to͘-chhī-hòa ê Pak-au kok-ka, jîn-kháu chi̍t-pòaⁿ tòa siú-to· Reykjavík.\n\nHō-miâ\n------\n\nPeng-tó ê hō-miâ ū chi̍t khoán kū-sek im-e̍k-gí sī **I-su-lân**.\n\nTē-lí seng-thài\n---------------\n\nTiong-tāi-se-iûⁿ Liông-chit tú-tú keng-kòe Peng-tó.\nOē-chheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng (9 goe̍h thiⁿ), khoàⁿ-ē-tio̍h éng-kiú ê peng-bō\nOē-chheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng (1 goe̍h té)\nPeng-tó tī Bí-chiu kap Euro-A-chiu chit 2-tè tāi-lio̍k-pôaⁿ sio-pōng ê só·-chāi (hō-chò Tiong Tāi-se-iûⁿ Liông-chit, *Mid-Atlantic Ridge*), tì-tio̍h chhiâng-chāi ū hóe-soaⁿ tùi hái-té phû--chhut-lâi, án-ne lâi chō chhut bē-chió sin lio̍k-tē. Peng-tó pún-sin sī kî-tiong siāng-kài tōa--ê. Tó-siōng ê hóe-soaⁿ pêng-kin it~jī-cha̍p-nî po̍k-hoat 1 pái, chhèng--chhut-lâi ê hóe-hu (*tephra*) u-jiám cheng-seⁿ chia̍h--ê chháu-á, che le̍k-sú-siōng bat chin chē pái chō-chiâⁿ cheng-seⁿ kap lâng iau-iau--sí. Chē-chē un-choâⁿ kap phong-phài ê tē-hā-sio thê-kiong Peng-tó thiân-jiân ê lêng-goân, m̄-bián chhiūⁿ pa̍t-ūi tio̍h khò hòa-chio̍h jiân-liāu. Peng-tó lōe-tē sī ko-goân, oá Pak-ke̍k-khoan, tōa-pō·-hūn thàu-nî-tang khàm 1 têng peng-bō (Eng-gí: *ice cap*). Hô-chhoan ê chúi sam-put-gō·-sî ē e̍k-kîⁿ. Kē-tē só·-chāi in-ūi oá México-oan-lîu (*Gulf Stream*), khì-un pí-kàu khah un-hô.\n\nPeng-tó Tāi-ha̍k ê 1-ê hāu-hn̂g, chhiū-á chin chió.\nPeng-tó sī Au-chiu kok-ka tang-tiong seng-thài phò-hāi siāng-kài giâm-tiōng ê 1-ê. Chū khai-sí ū Pak-au-lâng tiàm hia khiā-khí kàu taⁿ, ē-sái kóng tōa-pō·-hūn ê chāi-tē ê chhiū-châng kap kî-thaⁿ ê si̍t-bu̍t lóng in-ūi kòe-thâu lī-iōng chôaⁿ-á thòaⁿ bē lo̍h-khì. Koh in-ūi khì-hāu hân-léng, chháu-châng têng hoat ê sok-tō· te̍k-pia̍t sô. Piáu-bīn ê si̍t-bu̍t it-tàn chheng-tiāu, ē-kha-têng khin, iù, koh sang ê hóe-hu-thô· chin kín tō khì hō· tó-siōng ê kông-hong tōa-hō· piàⁿ-piàⁿ tiāu. Kú-tn̂g sî-kan lia̍p-chek--khí-lâi ê pûi thô·-bah soah chi̍t-pòaⁿ án-ne lâi liû-sit. Hiān-tāi ê Peng-tó iû-goân tōa-phiàn bē-su soa-bô· kāng-khoán. Sui-bóng chèng-hu ū siat 1-ê pō·-mn̂g choan-kang hoa̍t-lo̍h chō-nâ ê sū-kang, chóng--sī bo̍k-chêng hāu-kó iú-hān.\n\nLe̍k-sú sū-kiāⁿ\n---------------\n\nKong-goân 870 nî khai-sí ū lâng î-bîn khì kàu Peng-tó. Tōa-pō·-hūn lâi-chū sai Lo̍k-ui, chió-pō·-hūn sī chá-kî î-bîn khì kàu Britain Kûn-tó ê Viking-lâng kap in chhōa--ê Celt cha-bó·-lâng. 930 nî chó-iū tōa-pō·-hūn sek-ha̍p chèng-choh ê tē í-keng hông chiàm liáu-liáu ah, î-bîn tòe teh chió--khì.\n\nPeng-tó gī-hōe tī 999 nî thong-kòe chiap-siū Ki-tok-kàu, thang î-chhî in hām Ki-tok-kàu Norge ê keng-chè koan-hē. Peng-tó khai-sí hiòng Lô-má la̍p-sòe. Kàu-hōe phài tāi-lio̍k-chek ê chú-kàu kàu Peng-tó.\n\nTī 13 sè-kí chêng-pòaⁿ, tó-siōng 5-ê thâu-lâng kap in tāi-piáu ê tōa ka-cho̍k sio-tak, pàng-hóe, thâi-sí bē-chió lâng. Peng-tó-lâng chôaⁿ-á tī 1262 hit nî iau-chhiáⁿ Lo̍k-ui ông thóng-tī. Tī 1397 nî Lo̍k-ui, Sūi-tián, Tan-be̍h chit 3-ê Pak-au ông-kok thóng-it tī kāng-1-ê ông ê miâ-gī-hā (Kalmar Tông-bêng), 1536 nî pun chò Sūi-tián kap Tan-be̍h 2 kok (Tan-be̍h-pêng pau-koah Lo̍k-ui kap Lo̍k-ui koán-hat ê hái-gōa léng-thó·). 1814 nî liáu-āu Lo̍k-ui kui Sūi-tián, ah Peng-tó (kap Greenland, Faroe Kûn-tó) lâu tī Tan-be̍h. 1874 nî Peng-tó tùi Tan-be̍h tit-tio̍h pō·-hūn chū-tī-koân. 1944 nî oân-choân tùi Tan-be̍h to̍k-li̍p--chhut-khì.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nChá-kî ê î-bîn chhì beh tiàm Peng-tó kiàn-li̍p Pak-au-sek ê keng-chè ki-chhó·. In tòa lâi gû, bé, ti, mî-iûⁿ, kap soaⁿ-iûⁿ chit 5 chióng tián-hêng ê Au-a-chiu cheng-seⁿ-á, kî-tiong mî-iûⁿ sò·-liōng siāng chē, ah ti-á kap soaⁿ-iûⁿ in-ūi bô ha̍h tong-tē seng-thài āu--lâi chôaⁿ-á hòng-khì. Lēng-gōa koh ū lia̍h tong-tē ê iá-seng tōng-bu̍t lâi chia̍h, kî-tiong hái-chhiūⁿ kap hái-chiáu chin kín tō chia̍h kah khu̍t-chéng--khì, só·-í āu--lâi nn̄g-pe̍h-chit chú-iàu tùi hî-á lâi. Che pau-koah khe-ô· lāi ê chun-hî, salmon, *char* (*Salvelinus*-sio̍k), kap iân-hái ê soat-hî kap *haddock* (*Melanogrammus aeglefinus*). Soat-hî kap *haddock* te̍k-pia̍t tiōng-iàu: in thê-kiong chia̍h-mi̍h hō· Peng-tó-lâng ū-hoat-tō· tō·-kòe Sió Peng-hô Sî-tāi, jī-chhiáⁿ sī hiān-tāi Peng-tó-kok ê keng-chè tōng-le̍k.\n\nPeng-tó ê keng-chè tiōng-sim tī Tiong-kó·-sî-tāi boán-kî khai-sí choán-hêng khì hái-sán-gia̍p. Hit-tong-sî Au-chiu tāi-lio̍k ê siâⁿ-chhī jîn-kháu tng teh sêng-tióng, che thê-kiong Peng-tó 1-ê goā-siau iân-hái hî-sán ê chhī-tiûⁿ khong-kan. Chú-iàu ê sán-phín sī pha̍k-ta liáu so-iâm ê soat-hî-koaⁿ. Peng-tó tó-siōng in-ūi bô tōa-châng chhiū thê-kiong chō-chûn ê bo̍k-châi, in tio̍h khò Lo̍k-ui, Eng-lân, Tek-kok, Hoat-kok kap O-lân ūn-su sán-phín kàu tāi-lio̍k. Peng-tó kàu-kah 20 sè-kí chho·-kî chiah ū ka-kī ê chûn-tūi. Lia̍h-hî ki-su̍t oân-ná tī hit-tōaⁿ sî-kî tōa-tōa hiān-tāi-hòa. Lông-gia̍p chiām-chiām ui--khì, jîn-kháu tòe teh sóa khì to·-chhī tiong-sim. Siâⁿ-chhī ê jîn-kháu tī 1920 nî-tāi thâu-1-pái pí chng-kha chē. Kàu-kah 1950 nî-tāi, Peng-tó ê gōa-siau-phín ū 9-siâⁿ í-siōng sī hái-sán.\n\nHiān-tāi ê keng-chè ki-chhó· kiàn-li̍p tòa hî-sán. Gōa-siau siu-ji̍p 6-siâⁿ í-siōng hām hî-gia̍p ū koan-hē. Kî-thaⁿ ê gōa-siau-phín pau-koah a-lú-mih, ferro-silicon, mî-chè-phín, kap hî-gia̍p hong-bīn ê siat-pī. Tōa-pō·-hūn gōa-siau khì Au-chiu Liân-bêng (EU), Europa Chū-iû Bō·-ek Hia̍p-hōe (EFTA), Bí-kok, Ji̍t-pún. 1970, 80 nî-tāi bat hoat-seng thong-hòe phòng-tiòng, siāng koân chhèng kàu 59% (1980); chòe-kīn kúi-nî í-keng lak lo̍h-lâi kàu 1.5% chó-iū. Hiān-chhú-sî ê sit-gia̍p-lu̍t te̍k-pia̍t kē, 1% chó-iū.\n\nThian-jiân chu-goân chió, âng-mo·-thô· sī chú-iàu ê chè-phín, iōng tī kiàn-tio̍k, pí chìn-kháu ê chhâ ke chin ē hô. Peng-tó lêng-goân chhiong-chiok, tē-hā-sio kap chúi-le̍k hoat-tiān iōng liáu ū chhun, bo̍k-chêng ū teh gián-kiù gōa-siau ê khó-hêng-sèng. Khai-hoat chia̍h-tiān kang-gia̍p mā teh khó-lū-tiong.\n\nTī kòe-khì 10 tang Peng-tó ū teh khai-hoat chè-chō-gia̍p kap ho̍k-bū-gia̍p, pau-koah chu-sìn kho-ki, seng-bu̍t kho-ki, kim-iông ho̍k-bū téng-téng. Koan-kong-gia̍p phòe-ha̍p seng-thài koan-kong ê sî-kiâⁿ thê-kiong lâng him-sióng hái-ang ê ki-hōe.\n\nPeng-tó bô thih-lō·.\n\nKok-bîn-só·-tek pêng-kin 1 lâng pun Bí-kim 30,900 (2003 nî kó·-kè), pâi tī sè-kài chêng kúi-ūi-á. Kin-kù 2006 nî ê 1 phiⁿ OECD pò-kò, Peng-tó ê khoan-pîn phó·-ki̍p-lu̍t sī 26.7%, sī sè-kài tē 1 ūi (Hân-kok 25.4%).\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\nPeng-tó tī 1944 nî tùi Tan-be̍h to̍k-li̍p, sêng-li̍p kiōng-hô-kok. Gī-hōe (*Alþingi*) tī 930 nî sêng-li̍p, 1799 nî thêng-chí ūn-chok, 1844 nî iū-koh têng oa̍h-tāng; hit-chūn ê kak-sek sī chò Tan-be̍h ông ê kò·-būn-thoân. Hiān-tāi ê *Alþingi* ū 63-ê gī-oân.\n\nChóng-thóng sī kok-ka ê thâu-lâng, koân-le̍k iú-hān, tī te̍k-sû chêng-hêng ē-sái chí-phài pō·-tiúⁿ. Chhōa-thâu ê pō·-tiúⁿ chiah sī chèng-hú ê thâu-lâng. In-ūi m̄-bat ū chèng-tóng soán kòe-pòaⁿ, chêng-kah-taⁿ ê chèng-hú lóng-chóng sī 2 tóng í-siōng cho·-sêng ê liân-ha̍p chèng-hú.\n\nChóng-thóng, kok-hōe, pō·-tiúⁿ, tē-hng gī-hōe lóng sī 4 tang kái-soán 1 pái.\n\nChú-iàu ê chèng-tóng: To̍k-li̍p Tóng, Chìn-pō· Tóng, Siā-hōe Bîn-chú Liân-bêng, Chó-phài-le̍k-tóng, Chū-iû Tóng.\n\nPeng-tó bô kun-tūi.\n\nHêng-chèng\n----------\n\nPeng-tó pun-chò 8 ê tē-khu (*landsvæði*), ē-kha koh pun-chò 26 ê hêng-chèng-khu (éng-kòe pun 23 ê koān, hō-chò *sýslur*). Lóng-chóng ū 104 ê hiong-tìn.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nPeng-tó pún-té tāi-khài bô tòa lâng, nā ū mā ke̍k-ke kúi-ê-á Éire-lâng tòa tī hia (bo̍k-chêng pēng-bô khó-kó· chèng-kì).\n\nPeng-tó chêng-kah-taⁿ î-bîn iú-hān, jîn-kháu chha-put-to lóng-sī chá-kî Skandinavia î-bîn ê hiō-tāi. Chit-ê te̍k-sek piáu-sī Peng-tó jîn-kháu te̍k-pia̍t sek-ha̍p chò ûi-thoân-ha̍k hong-bīn ê gián-kiù.\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\nPeng-tó-lâng tī kòe-khì chheng-gōa-nî oa̍h tī 1-ê pháiⁿ seng-chûn ê khoân-kéng tang-tiong. In āu--lâi o̍h ē-hiáu tiâu-chéng chó·-tē ê keng-chè bô·-sek thang sek-èng Peng-tó ê thiau-chiàn. Che chō-chiâⁿ tó-bîn thāi-tō· khim-hióng pó-siú, bô gōan-ì mā kám-kak bô pún-chîⁿ thang chhìn-chhái si̍t-giām, bō·-hiám.\n\nBat-jī-lu̍t 99.9%. Chhut-pán ê gia̍h nā chiàu jîn-kháu pí-lē lâi phēng, tī choân sè-kài sī pâi thâu-chêng-ūi. Peng-tó-gú pó-chûn kó·-chá Kó· Norse-oē ê te̍k-sek. Hiān-tāi ê Peng-tó-lâng (kap Føroyar-lâng) iáu tha̍k ū bat chheng-nî-chêng ê Kó· Norse bûn-hiàn. Lo̍k-ui-lâng tō bô chit-ê châi-tiāu. In ê sú-si (*saga*) kì-chài 12 sè-kí ê Lo̍k-ui kap Peng-tó le̍k-sú. Siāng ū miâ-siaⁿ ê hiān-tāi chok-ka sī Halldor Kiljan Laxness chit-ūi Nobel Bûn-ha̍k Chióng ê tit-chióng-jîn.\n\nPeng-tó mā pó-chûn Skandinavia í-chá ê hō-miâ hē-thóng. Tōa-pō·-hūn lâng bô sèⁿ. Kí 1-ê lē: ū 1-ê chhut-miâ ê cha-bó· koa-chheⁿ hō-chò Björk Guðmundsdóttir. *Björk* sī i kò-jîn ê miâ, tān-sī *Guðmundsdóttir* m̄ sī i ê sèⁿ. He ì-sù sī \"Guðmundur ê cha-bó·-kiáⁿ\", ah Guðmundur sī lāu-pē kò-jîn ê miâ. Siat-sú Björk ū hiaⁿ-tī, in ê miâ āu-piah tiāⁿ-tio̍h-sī *Guðmundurson* (\"Guðmundur ê cha-po·-kiáⁿ\"). Só·-í Peng-tó-lâng thong-siông kiò lâng ê kò-jîn miâ, tī chèng-sek ê tiûⁿ-bīn (chhin-chhiūⁿ kok-hōe-thiaⁿ) oân-ná sī án-ne. Hoat-lu̍t kui-tēng tio̍h iōng chit-ê hē-thóng; î-it ê lē-gōa sī 1913 nî chìn-chêng tō ū hō sèⁿ ê hit-kóa lâng kap in ê hiō-tāi. Cha-bó·-lâng kiat-hun liáu-āu it-poaⁿ kè-siok iōng pún-miâ.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. ↑ *Tē-lí Kàu-kho-su Koàn Jī*. Tiong Se Tōe-miâ Piáu.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Ísland*** |\n\n* Peng-tó ê koaⁿ-hong ji̍p-kháu\n* Kok-hōe ê Eng-bûn bāng-chām\n* Chèng-hú ê Eng-bûn bāng-chām\n* Siòng\n* Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Gōa-kau-pō· lí-hêng chu-sìn\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nAu-chiu ê kok-ka kap i-lāi-tē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chú-khoân kok-ka | Albania · Andorra · Armenia1 · Ò-tē-lī · Azerbaijan1 · Pak Macedonia · Belarus · Pe̍k-ní-gī · Bosnia kap Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Ku-pí-lō͘1 · Chesko · Tan-be̍h · Estonia · Hun-lân · Hoat-kok · Gruzia1 · Tek-kok · Hi-lia̍p · Hông-gâ-lī · Peng-tó · Ài-ní-lân · Í-tāi-lī · Kazakhstan1 · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lietuva · Luxembourg · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Hô-lân · Ná-ui · Pho-lân · Phû-tô-gâ · Romania · Lō͘-se-a1 · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Se-pan-gâ · Sūi-tián · Sūi-se · Thó͘-ní-kî1 · Ukraina · Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok · Vaticano | |\n| |\n| Pō͘-hūn sêng-jīn ê kok-ka | Abkhazia1 · Artsakh1 · Kosovo · Pak Ku-pí-lō͘1 · Lâm Ossetia1 · Transnistria |\n| |\n| I-lāi-tē | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tan-be̍h | Faroe Kûn-tó (kò͘-sêng-kok) |\n| |\n| Hun-lân | Åland Kûn-tó (kò͘-sêng-kok) |\n| |\n| Ná-ui | Jan Mayen ·Svalbard (Hui-kiàn-chè i-lāi-tē) |\n| |\n| Eng-kok | Akrotiri kap Dhekelia1 · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Man ·Jersey |\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ chú-khoân si̍t-thé | Au-chiu Liân-bêng  · Malta Khî-sū-thoân |\n| |\n| 1 Pō͘-hūn tī A-chiu, it-poaⁿ jīn-ûi sī Au-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 133608068\n* LCCN: n80140759\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2189 3811\n* GND: 4027754-9\n* HDS: 003358\n* NDL: 00560122\n* NKC: ge129393\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Peng-tó","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2399,11432,0.20984954513645906],"infobox":["\n
    Peng-tó Kiōng-hô-kok
    Lýðveldið Ísland
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Peng-tó
    \n
    kok-kî
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Peng-tó
    \n
    kok-hui
    \n
    \n
    \nKok-koa: Lofsöngur
    \"Sèng-si\"
    \n
    Siú-to͘
    kap siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī
    		\nReykjavík
    Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân\nPeng-tó-gí
    Sêng-jīn ê kok-ka gí-giân\nPeng-tó-gí
    Chèng-hú\ntan-it-chè, gī-hoē-chè, kiōng-hô-kok
    • chóng-thóng
    		\nGuðni Th. Jóhannesson
    • chóng-lí
    		\nKatrín Jakobsdóttir
    Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘\nAlthing
    Bīn-chek
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n102,775 km2 (39,682 sq mi) (tē 106 miâ)
    • chúi-he̍k (%)
    		\n2.07
    Jîn-kháu
    • 2021 nî kó͘-kè
    		\n371,580 (tē 179 miâ)
    • 2011 nî phó͘-cha
    		\n315,556
    • Bi̍t-tō͘
    		\n3.5/km2 (9.1/sq mi) (tē 190 miâ)
    GDP (PPP)\n2020 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n$19.8 cha̍p-ek (tē 142 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n$54,482 (tē 16 miâ)
    GDP (bêng-gī)\n2020 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n$20.8 cha̍p-ek
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n$57,189 (tē 5 miâ)
    Gini (2018 nî)\n\"Positive 23.2
    kē · tē 2 miâ
    HDI (2019 nî)\n\"Increase\" 0.949
    chin ko · tē 4 miâ
    Hoè-pè\nPeng-tó króna (ISK)
    Sî-khu\nUTC (GMT/WET)
    Sî-kan keh-sek\ndd.mm.yyyy
    Khui-chhia hong-hiòng\niū
    Tiān-oē khu-hō\n+354
    ISO 3166 tāi-hō\nIS
    Siōng-téng domain\n.is
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":12678}} -{"text":"\n**Tshàm-hûn** (Tshàm-hûn huat-su, Tshàm kong; 1915-nî 11-gue̍h 24-ji̍t－2009-nî 3-gue̍h 7-ji̍t), sio̍k-ka sènn Tsô (曹), huì Huē-bûn (會汶), Tiong-kok tang-pak jîn-sū. Huat-miâ Sîng-khong (成空), hō Sim-gua̍t (心月), tsū-hō Tshàm-hûn (懺雲). Tsing-tshî kài-lu̍t [zh], suan-iông Tsīng-thóo tsong [en] (淨土宗), tshòng-kiàn Liân-in sī (蓮因寺). Sī Tâi-uân Hu̍t-kàu kài tsiânn tshut-miâ ê huat-su, sìn-tsiòng lóng tsun-tshing i uî Tshàm kong (懺公).\n\nSing-pîng\n---------\n\nTshàm-hûn huat-su tshut-sì teh Tiong-kok Tang-pak Hōng-thian síng kah Hân-kok kau-kài ê sóo-tsāi, Ah-lio̍k kan kang-puān An-tong Tsô-sī sè-ka, tio̍h-sī khiā tī kin-á-ji̍t ê Liâu-lîng-síng Tan-tong-tshī. Liáu-āu suá-ki Tāi-liân-tshī. A-kong Tsô Tik-sīng (曹德盛), a-má Iông Tāi-liân (楊大蓮); lāu-pē Tsô Tsùn-bîng (曹駿明, Tsô Kok-tsīng (曹國靖)) pat tam-jīm An-tong siong-bū huē-tiúnn; siok-ka koh-ū tuā-hiann, jī-hiann, tuā-muē Huē-hiân (會賢), sió-muē, sió-tī Huē-tsiong (會漳), Tshàm kong pâi-hâng tē-3. Sió-tī Huē-tsiong pat-teh Suann-tang lông-gia̍p tāi-ha̍k lông-gia̍p huà-ha̍k-hē jīm-kàu, mā ha̍k hu̍t iú-nî.\n\n### Kiû-ha̍k būn-huat\n\nTsiū-to̍k tiong-ha̍k kî-kan, in-uī lāu-pē phuà-pēñ pat puàñ-tn̂g-hioh ha̍k-gia̍p. Tsāi ka sî, tio̍h tsuan-kuàn teh uē sū-lí tôo, uî ji̍t-āu huē-tsè se-hong sam sìng-siōng tiān-tīng ki-tshóo. Iah-pat liû-ha̍k Ji̍t-pún, ha̍k-si̍p bí-su̍t; in-uī lāu-pē pēnn-guî huán-kok suah-lâi tsi̍h-tsām ha̍k-gia̍p. 1938-nî, 24-huè teh Tāi-liân siong-gia̍p ha̍k-tn̂g kui-i Liáu-in (了因) huat-su ha̍k-hu̍t. 1940-nî 26-huè teh Mukden Tsû-un sī (慈恩寺), Siu-ên (修緣) lāu huê-siūñ tsō-hā píng-siū ngóo-kài. 1941-nî, 27-huè í Bông-sam (蒙山) huat-pún si-si̍t (施食) huat-mn̂g uî pún, tshú-āu í Bông-sam uî siông-khò. 1942-nî, 28-huè tang-thinn teh Lîng-suí sī (凌水寺) uî Bîng-lóng (明朗) lāu huê-siūnn sàng tsiong, lāu huê-siūnn lîm-tsiong siong-kò: \"Huē-bûn (會汶): sè-kan kai ké, kip-sok pān-tong it-tshè, tshut-ke siu-hīng! (會汶：世間皆假，急速辦當 一切，出家修行!). 1943-nî, 29-huè king-iû Síng-thim (省琛) lāu huê-siūnn kài-siāu, tsū An-tong tsì Pak-pîng Tsīng-liân sī (淨蓮寺) an-ki.\n\n### Siū Upasampadā\n\n1944-nî, 30-huè tsìn-ji̍p Pak-pîng Tsiu Siok-ka (周叔迦) ki-sū teh Suī-ìng sī (瑞應寺) tshòng-pān tsi Tiong-kok Hu̍t-kàu ha̍k-īnn (1940－1956), kiû-ha̍k 4-nî. Tī 30-huè tsit-nî teh Pak-pîng Kóng-tsè sī (廣濟寺) 出家 siū Upasampadā (具足戒). Lé Sū-puê (澍培) huat-su tsiok-huat (祝髮), huat-miâ Sîng-khong (成空), hō Sim-gua̍t (心月). Tsit-nî kah-sin nî tang-thinn tsiân-óng Kóng-tsè sī (廣濟寺), i Pó-huâ thuân-sîng tē-18 tāi thuân kài huê-siūñ Iông-uān (融緣) huat-su, karma ācārya (羯摩阿闍黎) Iông-tsè (融濟) huat-su, kàu-siū ācārya Tō-guân (道源) huat-su tíng-tíng tāi-tik líng-siū kài-huat. 1948-nî (Bîn-kok 37-nî) khí-tîng lâm-hā tiâu-lé Lîng-pho Ashoka sī (阿育王寺), Soo-tsiu Hân-san sī (寒山寺), Soo-tsiu Pò-kok sī (報國寺), Siōng-hái Tsīng-an sī (靜安寺), Lîng-hái (能海) tāi-su Kim-kong tō-tiûñ tíng-tíng ê sóo-tsāi. Tsit-nî hā-thiñ, tsì Hok-tsiu tshin-tsing Tsû-tsiu (慈舟) tāi-su.\n\n### Tang-tōo Tâi-uân\n\n1949-nî, 35-huè suî Kok-bîn tsìng-hú thiat-thè lâi Tâi-uan. Tī 1956-nî, 42-huè kah tē-tsú teh Tâi-uan Lâm-tâu kuān Poo-lí tìn Kuan-in suañ tah-kiàn Ìn-hông (印弘) bâu-pông, in 87 tsuí-tsai, thóo-tsio̍h pang-lo̍h jî-lai huí-tiāu. 1963-nî, 49-huè hām tē-tsú Sìng-in (性因) huat-su teh Tâi-uân Lâm-tâu kuān Tsuí-lí hiong Tíng-khàm tshun tshòng-kiàn Liân-in sī.\n\n### Tshòng-kiàn tsai-kài ha̍k-huē\n\n1966-nî, khai-pān tāi-tsuan tshing-lian tsai-kài ha̍k-huē (齋戒學會). Muí-nî hân-sú ká kok khai-pān Pat-kuan tsai-kài (八關齋戒) tsi̍t-pái, sú-ká muí-tshù nn̄g-kài, hân-ká muí-tshù tsi̍t-kài. Teh Liân-in sī pān-uân nn̄g-piàn liáu-āu, koh-tsài î-suá kî-thann ê biō-sī kè-sio̍k pān-lí, kî-thann biō-sī ū Ka-gī Gī-tik sī (義德寺), Sin-tik Tshuì-piah-giâm sī (翠壁岩寺), Tiong-li̍k Înn-kong sī (圓光寺) lóng pat pān-kuè Pat-kuan tsai-kài. Tshàm-hûn huat-su tshî-lu̍t sīm-giâm, muí-ji̍t 4-tiám liáu-āu, Liân-in sī put-liû lú-tsiòng, mā bē-tàng lâu lú-tsiòng, iah bē-tàng kuè-mê. In-tshú tsai-kài ha̍k-huē lu-tsiòng pōo uí-thok Lâm-tâu kuān Tik-san tìn Tik-san sī (德山寺), Ka-gī kuānTik-kiā hiong Gī-tik sī (義德寺)、Lâm-tâu kuān Poo-lí tìn Lâm-lîm tsing-sià (南林精舍) tíng sī hia̍p-pān Pat-kuan tsai-kài ua̍h-tāng. Āu-lâi teh Lâm-tâu Poo-lí kiàn-siat Lú-tsiòng Liân-in ha̍k-īnn (蓮音學苑), lú-tsiòng Tsai-kài piān teh tsia pān-lí. Kah kok tāi-tsuan ha̍k-īnn ê Hu̍t-ha̍k siā bi̍t-tshiat kau-liû,ting-ki tīng-kî kú-pān Hu̍t-7.\n\n### Uân-tsi̍k\n\nTshàm-hûn huat-su tī 2009-nî 3-gue̍h 7-ji̍t lîng-sîn 1-tiám, teh Tâi-uan Lâm-tâu kuān Tsuí-lí hiong Tíng-khàm tshun Liân-in sī tsū-tshî liâu uân-tsi̍p, hiáng-siū 94-huè, 3-gue̍h 9-ji̍t tshiáñ Bōng-tsham (夢參) tiúñ-ló hong-kuan, 3-gue̍h 27-ji̍t iû Kó-tshing (果清) lu̍t-su gia̍h hué jhāpita (hué-huà).\n\nKòng-hiàn kah íng-hióng\n-----------------------\n\nTshàm-hûn huat-su tshî kài giâm-kín, \"í kài uî su\" (以戒為師), it-sim suan-iông tsīng-thóo (淨土). \"Lé-hu̍t\" (禮佛) hām \"Hòng bông-san\" (放蒙山) lóng sī muí-ji̍t siu-hīng tsi kong-khò. The̍h-tshiong siōng-liām (誦唸) A-mí-tōo hu̍t (阿彌陀佛) hu̍t-hō, huat-su huē-tsè tsi \"Se-hong sam sìng-siōng\" (西方三聖像) tsong-giâm tshing-lē, uî tsuân-kiû siōng liû-thong tsiá, huat-su siōng-liām tsi \"Lio̍k jī pai hu̍t\" (六字拜佛) ūn-tiau iah-sī kok tō-tiûnn kú-pān Hu̍t-7 tiānn-tiānn sú-iōng, sī Tsīng-thóo tsong (淨土宗) teh Tâi-uân ki̍k-uî tiōng-iàu ê huat-su. Huat-su 30-huè tshut-ke liáu-āu, tsik hîng \"Kuè ngóo put si̍t\" (過午不食) tsi kài-lu̍t, bô tsi̍t-kang thîng-tiāu. Huat-su tuì tē-tsú ê hùn-liān mā sī i-huat \"kái-hîng pīng tiōng\" (解行並重), lî-tshiánn koh-khah kok tāi-ha̍k Hu̍t-ha̍k siā lâi-óng bi̍t-tshiat; teh tō-ín tshing-liân ha̍k hu̍t siōng, kòng-hiàn liâng-to.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 10月18日為懺雲法師農曆生日。 (Hàn-gí)\n2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 懺雲法師,\"懺雲和尚開示錄\"(第1/2/3輯),財團法人佛陀教育基金會,2014年8月. (Hàn-gí)\n3. 1 2 3 懺公上人簡傳 Archived 2016-11-09 at the Wayback Machine. 蓮因寺資訊網\n4. 1 2 寺院丛林,\"莲因寺\"[*íng-íng bô-hāu ê liân-kiat*],佛教百科.\n5. ↑ 佛陀教育基金會 編輯,\"略述親聞慈舟大師數事\",<慈舟大師法彚>--慈舟大師紀念集,pp.63-66,臺北,財團法人佛陀教育基金會,2014-07.\n6. ↑ 宣化上人講述,\"大乘起信論淺釋\" Archived 2021-08-14 at the Wayback Machine.美國萬佛聖城,1971年. (Hàn-gí)\n7. ↑ 李玉珍,\"雲水不住──曉雲法師的比丘尼典範\" Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine.曉雲法師思想行誼研討會暨第十三屆國際佛教教育文化研討會,台北石碇,2006年10月.\n8. ↑ 蓮因寺,\"蓮因寺聲明啟事\" Archived 2021-08-13 at the Wayback Machine.人間福報,2003.10.27. (Hàn-gí)\n9. ↑ 蓮因寺網路全球念佛共修,\"懺雲法師簡介\"\"存档副本\". goân-loē-iông tī 2009-02-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2010-09-29 khòaⁿ--ê.\n10. 1 2 懺雲法師,\"懺雲法師圓寂\"\"存档副本\". goân-loē-iông tī 2011-07-21 hőng khó͘-pih. 2009-03-22 khòaⁿ--ê. ,Yahoo!奇摩部落.\n11. 1 2 眾善奉行．日起有功,\"迴向懺雲法師成就正覺\" Archived 2015-12-23 at the Wayback Machine.台大獅子吼佛學專站. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Nirvana\n* Tiong-kok huat-ha̍k-īnn (中國佛學院)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 懺公上人簡傳 Archived 2021-09-29 at the Wayback Machine.\n* 蓮因寺資訊網Archived 2018-05-25 at the Wayback Machine. (Hàn-gí)\n* 蓮因寺網路全球念佛共修 (Hàn-gí)\n* 懺公上人簡傳 (Hàn-gí)\n* 佛學多媒體資料庫 > 演講錄音 > 懺雲法師Archived 2019-06-14 at the Wayback Machine. (Hàn-gí)\n* YouTube YouTube téng ê **(05)上人超度父母之因緣－懺雲老和尚** ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ (Hàn-gí)\n* YouTube YouTube téng ê **懺公上人與夢參長老座談** ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ (Hàn-gí)\n* 蓮因寺: 釋經律論Archived 2021-08-13 at the Wayback Machine. (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chhàm-hûn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1792,7272,0.24642464246424642],"infobox":["
    Tshàm-hûn
    \n
    Tshàm kong 91-huè sî sóo-hip
    Kò-jîn chu-sìn
    Chhut-sì\n1915 10-gue̍h 18
    Tiong-kok Andong síng [en]
    Koè-sin\n2009 nî 3 goe̍h 7 ji̍t (93 hòe)
    Tâi-uân Lâm-tâu kuān Tsuí-lí hiong
    Chong-kàu\nHu̍t-kàu
    Ha̍k-phài\nVinaya [en], Tsīng-thóo tsong [en], Siân-tsong
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8099}} -{"text":"***Phek-iông Ha̍k-hn̂g Ha̍k-seng Hōe-gī Sū-lio̍k***（Ji̍t-gí：碧陽学園生徒会議事録,Eng-gí：Student Council's Discretion） sī Khoê Koan-lâm (Aoi Sekina) siá ê khin-sio-soat, chhah-tô͘ sī Káu Sîn-hông (Kira Inugami).\n\nKò͘-sū\n------\n\nPhek-iông Ha̍k-hn̂g ha̍k-seng-hōe, sī ēng kap kî-thaⁿ ha̍k-hāu bô-kâng ê te̍k-sû hong-hoat soán-chhut , tio̍h-sī chin tan-sûn ê jîn-khì tâu-phiò. Kiat-kó soán-chhut Eng-iá Kiú-lê-bāng chò-thâu ê chèng-to bí-siàu-lú, m̄-koh ha̍k-seng-hoē lāi ū chi̍t-ūi sī khò iōng-kong tha̍k-chheh , tī kî-boa̍t-khó tiong the̍h tioh tē-it peh chap peh miâ, ēng iu-siù ha̍k-seng miâ-gia̍h ka-ji̍p ha̍k-seng-hoē ê cha-po͘ ha̍k-seng Sam-kiā Kiān. Kò͘-sū lāi-iông chú-iàu sī biâu-siá ha̍k-seng-hoē ji̍t-siông ūn-chok ê chêng-hêng.\n\nJîn-bu̍t\n--------\n\nSam-kiā Kiān (杉崎 鍵, *Sugisaki Ken*?)\nHa̍k-seng-hoē hù-hoē-tiúⁿ , 2 nî B pan. Hiat-hêng A hêng. Cha-po͘ chú-kak , mā sī tī kò͘-sū lāi siá chit pún sió-soat ê lâng.\nEng-iá Kiú-lê-bāng (桜野 くりむ, *Sakurano Kurimu*?)\nHa̍k-seng hoē-tiúⁿ.Hō͘ lâng bô-hoat siūⁿ-kàu i-sī-ko-tiong-saⁿ nî kip ê sè hàn goā piáu, hui-siông kah-ì chia̍h tiⁿ chia̍h, giân-hêng kí-chí khoàⁿ-khí-lâi pí si̍t-chè nî-lêng khah ha̍p-tī goā-bô͘. Chhú-goā , chin iông-ī to hō͘ ka-kī só͘ khoàⁿ-tio̍h , thiaⁿ-tio̍h ê miâ kù téng-téng hō͘ éng-hiáng, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ chí-hui kî-thaⁿ ha̍k-seng-hoē sêng-oân. It-tàn hoat-hiān ū-hèng-chhù ê sū-bu̍t to bē kán tan kiat sok. Put-sam-sî in-ūi chi̍t-koá tu̍t-hoat kî-sióng ê kè-oē kā kui-ê ê ha̍k-seng-hoē sêng-oân thoa hā-súi.\nÂng-hio̍h Ti-hiân (紅葉 知弦, *Akaba Chizuru*?)\nHa̍k-seng-hoē su-kì.Kap Kiú-lê-bāng tú hó siong-hoán, ū toā-lâng pan ê goā-piáu kap chāi-chāi-léng-chēng ê chhú-sū thài-tō͘, chū-án-ne tī ha̍k-seng-hoē ū-jî kun-su pan ê chûn-chāi.\nChui-bêng Chhim-hā (椎名 深夏, *Shiina Minatsu*?)\nHa̍k-seng-hoē hù-hoē-tiúⁿ , 2 nî B pan. Sui-jiân bô te̍k-tēng ê siā-thoân oa̍h-tāng , \ntān in-ūi ūn-tōng sîn-keng chhiau-kûn ēng tàu-saⁿ-kāng ê sin-hūn chhut-se̍k chiâⁿ chē ūn-tōng siā-thoân. In-ūi kò-sèng chin lâm-sèng-hoà, só͘-í tī lú tông-ha̍k keng chin khang-siū-hoan gêng, i pún-lâng mā bô goā chāi-ì ê khoán.\n\nChui-bêng Chin-tong (椎名 真冬, *Shiina Mafuyu*?)\nHa̍k-seng-hoē koè-kè, 1 nî C pan. Ū-tām-po̍h bô choan-tióng kap lâm-sèng chiap-chhiok , ēng ' Chin-tong' chū-chheng ka-kī. Kò-sèng kap á-chí tú-hó tian-tó, jiû-jio̍k koh un-sûn.\n\nSió-soat\n--------\n\nBàng-gah\n--------\n\n### Ha̍k-seng-hoē ê I̍t-chûn\n\nTī pù-sū-kìⁿ chu-pâng hoat-hêng ê \"Drago nAge Pure ( ドドラゴンエイジピュア，ドラゴンエイジPure) \"vol. 12 khai-sí liân-chài. Kai cha̍p-chì tī vol. 15 hiu khan āu, liân-chài soà-kàu \"Goe̍h-khan Dragon Age ( 月刊ドラゴンエイジ) \"téng , tùi 2009- nî 3-ge̍h hō chiap-sio̍k liân-chài. Lāi-iông kin-toè sió-soat ê hong-hiòng, tān pō͘-hūn kò͘-sū ê sūn-sū iú-só͘ tiàu-tōng.\n\nGoā-pō͘ Liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 富士見書房 生徒会の一存 Archived 2010-02-14 at the Wayback Machine.(Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n* 栄養の無いサプリメント，chok-chiá ê blog(Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n* Tōng-oē pán tē-1 choh koaⁿ-bāng (oân bāng-chí, chit-má chū-tōng liân-kiat kàu tē-2 choh ê bāng-ia̍h)(Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n* Tōng-oē pán tē-1 choh koaⁿ-bāng（sin bāng-ia̍p） Archived 2012-09-19 at the Wayback Machine.(Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n* pán tē-2 choh koaⁿ-bāng[*biân-uán bô-hāu liân-kiat*](Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n* Ha̍k-seng-hoē ê thó͘-sán-peng tâng-chê chhut-pán kì-liām bāng-chām Archived 2013-02-26 at the Wayback Machine.(Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Phek-iông Ha̍k-hn̂g Ha̍k-seng Hōe-gī Sū-lio̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[542,3235,0.16754250386398764],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3765}} -{"text":"Pin-nn̂g Se-si\n**Pin-nn̂g Se-si** sī Tâi-oân tī lō·-piⁿ táⁿ-á he̍k-chiá tiàn-bīn bē pin-nn̂g ê siàu-liân cha-bó·. In-ūi Pin-nn̂g sán-gia̍p kēng-cheng ke̍k-lia̍t, thâu-ke iau-kiû kò· tàⁿ-á ê siàu-lú chhēng-chhah ài iáⁿ-ba̍k, tōa-táⁿ, chiah ē-tit-thang chio seng-lí, só·-í āu--lâi hō-miâ chò \"Se-si\". Pin-nn̂g Se-si sī Tâi-oân pîn-nn̂g bûn-hòa ê 1 ê siā-hōe hiān-siōng.\n\n1990 nî-tāi chìn-chêng, Tâi-oân ê pin-nn̂g-tàⁿ khah chē sī ū nî-hòe ê cha-bó·-lâng teh kò·--ê. Pin-nn̂g sán-gia̍p khai-sí kiâⁿ khì-gia̍p-hòa ê keng-gêng hong-sek. Ū lâng khai-sí chhiàⁿ siàu-liân cha-bó· kò· tàⁿ. Kéng-khì bái ê sî-chūn, pin-nn̂g sán-gia̍p khip-siu chin chē lâng tâu-ji̍p. In-ūi kēng-cheng ke̍k-lia̍t, Pin-nn̂g Se-si ê chhēng-chhah, hêng-ûi ná lâi ná tōa-táⁿ. Pin-nn̂g-tàⁿ ê siat-kè oân-ná khai-sí ū piàn-hòa, it-poaⁿ ū an siám-siám-sih-sih ê nî-óng-teng, tàⁿ-á thâu-chêng chhāi 1 tè thàu-bêng ê po-lê hong-piān lâng-kheh khoàⁿ ū chin.\n\nPin-nn̂g Se-si ê lâng-kheh chú-iàu sī chò-kang-á lâng, te̍k-pia̍t sī sái tn̂g lō· ê tho·-lá-khuh (hòe-chhia) su-ki. Pō· pin-nn̂g ū thê-sin ê chok-iōng. Kēng-cheng siāng ke̍k-lia̍t ê só·-chāi tī ko-sok kong-lō· kau-liû-tō hù-kīn. Pin-nn̂g-tàⁿ tû-liáu bē pin-nn̂g í-gōa, mā bē hun, lài-tah, chhia-phiò, chhái-koàn. Kéng-chhat ū sî ē pài-thok Pin-nn̂g Se-si tàu chù-ì in beh ti̍h ê hiâm-hoān.\n\nPin-nn̂g Se-si oân-ná sī chò-kang-á pōe-kéng. Ū lâng chho·-tiong tha̍k bô pit-gia̍p tō khì chia̍h thâu-lō·. Kéng-khì bái ê nî-chūn, ū-ê sī chhù--lìn chú-iàu ê keng-chè lâi-goân. In-ūi nî-hòe, ha̍k-le̍k lóng bô-kàu chu-keh, thâu-lō· ê soán-te̍k khah chió. Chhin-chhiūⁿ it-poaⁿ ê piān-lī-tiàm iau-kiû ū ko-tiong í-siōng ê thêng-tō·. Pin-nn̂g-tàⁿ ê siu-ji̍p pí-kàu-te̍k mā ū khah hó--tām-po̍h-á.\n\nPin-nn̂g Se-si hām pin-nn̂g pún-sin kāng-khoán ū cheng-gī. Mûi-thé ê pò-tō khah chē sī hù-bīn--ê, tì-tio̍h Pin-nn̂g Se-si hām kì-chiá ê koan-hē bô hó. Siā-hōe khai-sí ū siaⁿ-im iau-kiû koán-lí Pin-nn̂g Se-si ê chhēng-chhah. Chu Li̍p-lûn chú-chhî ê Thô-hn̂g koān-chèng-hú tī 2002 nî 9-goe̍h 17 hoat-piáu \"3 Put\" chèng-chhek, iau-kiû Pin-nn̂g Se-si mài hiàn heng-khám, pak-tó· kah kha-chhng 3 ê pō·-ūi. Chit ê kui-tēng ín-khí siā-hōe tōa gī-lūn. Keh-tńg-ji̍t sûi ū chi̍t-kóa-á cha-bó· thoân-thé khòng-gī. In jīn-ûi kóng, che sī 1 khoán kai-kip khî-sī. Pêⁿ-pêⁿ saⁿ chhēng chió, kok-chè *model* hō· lâng chún-chò ko-sióng, ah ē-kai-chân cha-bó· gín-á chhēng chió tō pìⁿ kē-lō·, tì-tio̍h éng-hióng in thàn-chia̍h ê 1 ê pō·-sò·, mā chó·-tòng in tián-sī ka-kī sin-khu ê chū-iû. \"3 put\" āu--lâi kái chò \"put hông-gāi kau-thong, put ûi-hoán lô-kang siong-koan ê hoat-lēng, put kòe-hūn pō-lō·\". \n\nSiâng-sî oân-ná ū kî-thaⁿ ê cha-bó· thoân-thé hoat-piáu bô siâng ê khoàⁿ-hoat. Lē-hiong Ki-kim-hōe jīn-ûi Pin-nn̂g Se-si ê khang-khòe pún-chit-siōng sī 1 khoán keng-chè kiam sèng ê pak-siah. Pin-nn̂g Se-si tùi ka-kī ê sin-khu si̍t-chāi bô siáⁿ chū-chú-sèng; chu-pún chú-gī, hū-koân thé-chè kā cha-bó·-lâng bu̍t-hòa.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* 何春蕤 Tang-kiaⁿ Káng-chō\n* Lē-hiong Tiān-chú-pò\n\nSiong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* Tiān-chú-khîm hoe-chhia","meta":{"title":"Pin-nn̂g Se-si","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[73,3056,0.023887434554973823],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3557}} -{"text":" \n**Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k** (廈門大學, Ē-mn̂g-oē: **Ē-mn̂g Toā-o̍h**), kán-chheng \"Hā-tāi\" (廈大), Tiong-kok Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ ti̍t-sio̍k (直屬) ê tiōng-tiám chong-ha̍p-sèng tāi-ha̍k.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nĒ-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k sī ài-kok Hôa-kiâu Tân Kah-kiⁿ sian-siⁿ tī 1921 nî pān--ê, sī Tiong-kok kūn-tāi-sú siōng tē-it keng Hôa-kiâu pān--ê tāi-ha̍k. Bo̍k-chiân Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k mā-sī Tiong-kok chiòng keng-chè te̍k-khu tang-tiong, to̍k-to̍k chi̍t-keng sio̍k-î Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ ti̍t-chiap kóan-lí ê chong-ha̍p-sèng tāi-ha̍k, siâng-sî, iū koh sī kok-ka \"211 kang-thêng\" kah \"985 kang-thêng\" tiōng-tiám kiàn-siat ê tē-it phoe ko chúi-pîⁿ ê tāi-ha̍k chit-it.\n\nĒ-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k sian-āu chhiâⁿ-iúⁿ liáu 12 bān gōa pún-kho-seng kah sek-sū-seng (chia̍t-chí 2004 nî). Che í-gōa, bat tiàm Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k ha̍p-si̍p kòe, kang-chok kòe ê Tiong-kok lióng-īⁿ (Tiong-kok Kho-ha̍k-īⁿ, Tiong-kok Kang-thêng-īⁿ) ê īⁿ-sū chhiau-kè 50 lâng.\n\nHāu-hn̂g ê khôan-kéng\n---------------------\n\nĒ-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k hāu-hn̂g pun-chòe \"pún-pō͘, Chiang-chiu hāu-khu, Chi̍p-bí hāu-khu\" saⁿ pō͘-hūn. Pún-pō͘ tiàm tī Ē-mn̂g-tó sai-lâm-pō͘ ê hái-piⁿ-á, chiàm-tē beh kàu 2500 bó͘. Chiang-chiu hāu-khu tiàm-leh Ē-mn̂g-tó tùi-bīn ê tāi-lio̍k, iā-to̍h-sī Liông-hái-chhī ê Káng-bé-tìn (港尾鎮), kah Ē-mn̂g-tó keh-hái-sio-khòaⁿ, Chiang-chiu hāu-khu chiàm-tōe bīn-chek 2568 bó͘. Chi̍p-bí hāu-khu tòa leh Ē-mn̂g Chi̍p-bí bûn-kàu-khu, chiàm-tōe bīn-chek 3000 bó͘. Saⁿ-ê hāu-khu chôan-pō͘ óa-soaⁿ khò-hái, lóng tiàm leh kong-kéng iu-bí iū-koh tiām-chēng ê só͘-chāi, hāu-hn̂g ê kiàn-tiok hong-keh thàu-té ūn-iōng \"Kah-kiⁿ hong-keh\" (chham-khó Tân Kah-kiⁿ kah Chi̍p-bí-khu). \n\nĒ-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k Tô͘-su-kóan lóng-chóng ū chông-su 310 bān chheh, ha̍k-hāu gī-khì siat-pī chóng kè-ta̍t ta̍t-kàu 5 ek kho͘ (Jîn-bîn-pè). Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k hāu-hn̂g ko-sok sìn-sit bāng-lō͘ kiàn-siat, bô-lūn kui-bô͘ a̍h-sī tòng-chhù, lóng tī kok-lāi pâi thâu-chêng, taⁿ sī CERNET2 chú-iàu liân-chip-tiàm chit-it.\n\nKi-kò͘\n------\n\nĒ-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k chit-chūn ū 1 ê gián-kiù-seng ha̍k-īⁿ kah 18 ê kî-thaⁿ ha̍k-īⁿ, lóng-chóng 43-ê hē kah 1 tōa phoe ê kho-gián ki-kò͘. Hiān-chú-sî, Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k í-keng sī 1 só͘ chong-ha̍p sèng-chit ê tāi-ha̍k, lūi-pia̍t pau-koah: jîn-bûn kho-ha̍k, siā-hōe kho-ha̍k, chū-jiân kho-ha̍k, kang-thêng kah ki-su̍t kho-ha̍k, kóan-lí kho-ha̍k, gē-su̍t kàu-io̍k kho-ha̍k, i-ha̍k kho-ha̍k téng-téng, kho-lūi si̍t-chāi chiâⁿ chiâu-chn̂g (chiâu-chôan).\n\nĒ-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k lāi-té ê gián-kiù-īⁿ, tiong-sim, só͘, sek, lóng-chóng ū 80-ê, kî-tiong kok-ka tiōng-tiám si̍t-giām-sek 1 keng, kok-ka choan-gia̍p si̍t-giām-sek 1 keng, Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ tiōng-tiám si̍t-giām-sek 3 keng, Hok-kiàn-séng tiōng-tiám si̍t-gia̍p-sek 1 keng, Hok-kiàn-séng kang-thêng ki-su̍t giám-kiù tiong-sim 1 chō, Hok-kiàn-séng giám-kiù tiong-sim 1 chō, Kok-ka bûn-kho tiōng-tiám gián-kiù ki-tē 5 ê.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k\n* Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k Tô͘-su-kóan\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 132144327\n* LCCN: n80131228\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2264 7233\n* GND: 133236-3\n* NLA: 36602112\n* NDL: 00707195\n* CiNii: DA05504362\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[414,3211,0.12893179694799128],"infobox":["
    Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k
    \n
    厦门大学
    \n
    Hāu-hùn\n自强不息 止于至善
    Hāu-hùn
    hoan-e̍k
    		\nChū kiông put sek, chí û chì siān
    Lūi-pia̍t\nkong-li̍p
    Khí-chō\n1921 nî;​ 103 nî í-chêng​ (1921)
    Só͘-chāi\n
    \"\" Tiong-kok Ē-mn̂g-chhī
    Liân-bêng\nGU8
    Bāng-chām\nwww.xmu.edu.cn
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3527}} -{"text":"Pak-táu-chhit-chheⁿ\n**Pak-táu-chhit-chheⁿ** (北斗七星) sī Toā-hîm-chō siōng kng ê 7 lia̍p hêng-chheⁿ cho͘-sêng ê chi̍t ê toā seng-kûn, in khòaⁿ khí-lâi ū kiōng-tông ê ūn-tōng hong-hiòng.\n\nSūn Pak-táu-chhit-chheⁿ ê α UMa kap β UMa, khan tùi thian-pak-pe̍k khì, ē-tàng chhoē tio̍h α UMi (kin-á-ji̍t ê pak-ke̍k-chheⁿ).\n\nPak-táu-chhit-chheⁿ\n-------------------\n\n| Hàn-jī | Pe̍h-ōe-jī | Eng-gí | Bayer **chheⁿ-miâ** | sī-seng-téng | Kī-lî (kng-nî) |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 天樞 | Thian-chhu | Dubhe | α UMa | 1.79 | 124 |\n| 天璇 | Thian-soân | Merak | β UMa | 2.34 | 79 |\n| 天璣 | Thian-ki | Phecda | γ UMa | 2.41 | 84 |\n| 天權 | Thian-koân | Megrez | δ UMa | 3.32 | 81 |\n| 玉衡 | Gio̍k-hêng | Alioth | ε UMa | 1.76 | 81 |\n| 開陽 | Khai-iông | Mizar | ζ UMa | 2.23 | 78 |\n| 瑤光 | Iâu-kong | Alkaid | η UMa | 1.85 | 101 |\n\nChham-khó Bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Tsai, An-Li (2023-12-10). \"金字塔山 天頂 ê 北斗星\". *逐工一幅天文圖*.","meta":{"title":"Pak-táu-chhit-chheⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[348,700,0.49714285714285716],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1020}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\n**Sai-kiû-léng Phàu-tâi** (Hàn-jī: 獅球嶺砲臺; Eng-gí：Shihciouling/Shih-chio-ling Fort) sī ūi tī Tâi-oân Ke-lâng-chhī Jîn-ài-khu Sai-kiû-léng ê chi̍t-ê phàu-tâi ûi-chek. Chit-e phàu-tâi sī tī Chheng léng sî-tāi khí ê, bo̍k-chêng sī Ke-lâng-chhī ê chhī tēng kó͘-chek.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSai-kiû-léng Phàu-tâi ê phàu-chō\nSai-kiû-léng Phàu-tâi ūi tī Tâi-oân tang-pak, mā sī Ji̍t-pún Hui-lu̍t-pin hâng-sòaⁿ ê tiong-ng, óng-lâi ê chûn-chiah lóng ài tī chia ūn-pó͘. Só͘-í chū 17 sè-kí í-lâi, ta̍k ê chèng-khoân Se-pan-gâ, Hô-lân, Tang-lêng, Chheng-tiâu, Ji̍t-pún kah Tiong-hoa Bîn-kok lóng ì-sek tio̍h Sai-kiû-léng Phàu-tâi ê tiōng-iàu, pēng-chhiáⁿ khí hông-gū kiàn-siat.\n\n### Chheng léng sî-tāi\n\nKong-sū sî-tāi chìn-chêng, Ke-lâng ê phàu-tâi lóng sī ūi-tio̍h èng-hù te̍k-jîn ê kong-kek, Kong-sū goân-nî (1875 nî) siū tio̍h Iông-bū Ūn-tōng thui-hêng ê hong-tiâu éng-hióng, koh ū Chheng-kok siū tio̍h Ji̍t-pún ji̍p-chhim ê chhì-kek, tùi Tâi-oan kun-sū kui-ōe kái chò \"khí iông-sek phàu-tâi\", Sai-kiû-léng Phàu-tâi tī Chheng Kong-sū 10 nî (1884nî) khai-sí khí, thoân-soat sī Chheng-kok sûn-bú Lâu Bêng-thoân ūi-tio̍h hông-gū Hoat-kun, chhiáⁿ Eng-kok ê ki-su lâi khí phàu-tâi, mā sī Chheng-kok siú-hō͘ Ke-lâng thong-óng Tâi-pak ê siōng-bóe chi̍t tō hông-sòaⁿ.\n\nKâng-nî (1884 nî), Chheng-kok kah Hoat-kok in-ūi Oa̍t-lâm ê būn-tê, po̍k-hoat Chheng Hoat Chiàn-cheng. Hoat-kok ūi-tio̍h mài hō͘ chiàn-sòaⁿ sioⁿ tn̂g, tio̍h kái chò í Hok-kiàn hái-he̍k chò chú-iàu chiàn-tiôⁿ. Hok-chiu, Ke-lâng tio̍h chŏaⁿ piàn-sêng chú-iàu chiàn-tiôⁿ. Hit-tang-chūn Chheng-kok tio̍h hō͘ Lâu Bêng-thoân chhin-chū chiân-óng kàm-tok, tī Sai-kiû-léng Phàu-tâi chí-hui, kong-kek Hoat-kun. Hoat-kun kā Sai-kiû-léng Phàu-tâi phah lo̍h-lâi í-āu Chheng-kun beh hoán-kong lóng bô sêng-kong, lo̍h-bóe sī kah Hoat-kok kah Chheng-kok chhiam tiâu-iok chiah lī-khui. \n\n### Ji̍t-pún Sî-tāi\n\nSai-kiû-léng Phàu-tâi ê chio̍h chō chí-hui-só͘\nKap-ngó͘ Chiàn-cheng liáu-āu, Kong-sū 21 nî 3 goe̍h 23 (1895 nî 4 goe̍h 17), Chheng-kok kah Ji̍t-pún chhiam-tēng Má-koan Tiâu-iok, kā Hok-kiàn Tâi-oân-séng koah hō͘ Ji̍t-pún. In-ūi Má-koan Tiâu-iok chìn-chêng kah tong-tē kun-bîn bô kiōng-sek, só͘-í tī 4 goe̍h 29 (1895 nî 5 goe̍h 23) Tâi-oân hoat-pió *Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok chū-chú soan-giân*, sêng-li̍p Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok kun-tūi, It-bī Khòng-ji̍t Chiàn-cheng khai-sí. Chheng-kok chìn-chêng tī Ke-lâng-káng kiàn-li̍p ê hông-siú siat-si chū-jiân tio̍h piàn-sêng siù-kun khòng-ji̍t ê khò-soaⁿ. M̄-koh Ji̍t-kun soán tī Kòng-liâu teng-lio̍k, siám-khui siú-kun tī Ke-lâng ê chú-le̍k, hō͘ tong-sî tōa-pō͘-hūn ê phàu-tâi bô-hoat-tō͘ hoat-hui goân-pún àn-sǹg ê chiàn-le̍k. Kan-na ū Sai-kiû-léng Phàu-tâi, tú-á-hó tùi-tio̍h Ji̍t-kun teng-lio̍k ê só͘-chāi kong-kek Ji̍t-kun, hō͘ Ji̍t-kun chìn-kong sit-lī.\n\n1934 nî kàu 1945 nî, Sai-kiû-léng ê hóe-le̍k ū chi̍t-kóa piàn-tōng, hō͘ i ē-sái ta̍t-tio̍h hái-hông ê su-kiû.\nLēng-gōa, tī Ji̍t-lō͘ Chiàn-cheng tong-tiong, Ji̍t-pún mā ū te̍k-pia̍t ka-kiông Ke-lâng ê ta̍k ê phàu-tâi, hông-chí Lō͘-se-a kong-kek Tâi-oân.\n\n### Chiàn-āu\n\nSai-kiû-léng Phàu-tâi ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á hong-hùi, sit-khì kun-sū kong-lêng, bo̍k-chêng kan-na chhun chio̍h-chō chí-hui-só͘, phàu-chō kah tân-io̍h-khò͘ téng kúi-nā-ê ûi-chek, 1985 nî 8 goe̍h 19, Sai-kiû-léng Phàu-tâi hőng chí-tēng chò tē-jī-kip kó͘-chek, í-āu koh kái-chò chhī-tēng kó͘-chek, in-ūi sī-iá chok khoah, kīn-nî Sai-kiû-léng Phàu-tâi hù-kīn mā khai-hoat pìⁿ-chò kong-hn̂g, í-keng chiâⁿ-chò bîn-chiòng chhit-thô ê kéng-tiám chi-it.\n\nTē-lí ūi-tì\n-----------\n\n* Sai-kiû-léng Phàu-tâi khòaⁿ chhut--khì ê Ke-lâng chhī-khuSai-kiû-léng Phàu-tâi khòaⁿ chhut--khì ê Ke-lâng chhī-khu\n\nSai-kiû-léng Phàu-tâi koân 150 kong-chhioh, ūi tī Ke-lâng-káng lâm-hong, Tiong-san Ko-sok-kong-lō͘ tāi-gia̍p pōng-khang téng-koân, in-ūi tē-sè khah koân jî-chhiáⁿ koh tī lāi-lio̍k, chiâⁿ-chò Ke-lâng-káng ê tiōng-iàu hông-sòaⁿ, tī chiah ē-sái khòaⁿ-tio̍h kui-ê Ke-lâng chhī-khu, siōng-oán koh khòaⁿ-ē-tio̍h Ke-lâng Sū, ē-sái ū-hāu chióng-ak kui-ê káng-khu chûn-chiah chhut-ji̍p kah tín-tāng ê chōng-hóng, chiân-óng phàu-tâi ē-sái khui-chhia ùi Tiong-san Ko-sok-kong-lō͘ chiōⁿ-pak, chhut Ke-lâng kau-liû-tō liáu-āu, chiàⁿ-oat Tiong-sì Lò͘ ti̍t-ti̍t kiâⁿ, koh chiàⁿ-oat Sêng-kong Lō͘, kòe Sêng-kong Lō͘-kiô í-āu chiàⁿ-oat tio̍h kàu--ah.\n\nSiat-si\n-------\n\nSai-kiû-léng Phàu-tâi ē-tàng pun chò sai, tiong, tang 3-ê khu-he̍k. Taⁿ kó͘-chek pó-chûn hoān-ûi sī í Tiong Phàu-tâi ûi-chú, Sai Phàu-tâi kah Tang Phàu-tâi tio̍h bit tī cha̍p-chháu lāi, Ke-lâng-chhī Chèng-hú kòe-khì bat chè-tēng kòe chéng-siu kè-ōe, hi-bāng ē-sái khah kìn hō͘ phàu-tâi khoe-ho̍k i goân-pún ê bô͘-iōⁿ, hù-kīn tē-khu mā ū chiàn-āu heng-kiàn, m̄-koh bo̍k-chêng í-keng hong-hùi ê hông-khòng-hô kah phàu-lúi. \n\n### Tiong Phàu-tâi\n\nTiong Phàu-tâi chit-má kan-na chhun chi̍t-chō phàu-chō, tân-io̍h-khò͘ kah chio̍h-chō chí-hui-só͘, chú-iàu ê châi-chit lóng-sī soa-gâm. \n\n### Sai Phàu-tâi\n\nSai Phàu-tâi ūi tī lī Tiong phàu-tâi 2 kong-lí ê soaⁿ-téng, ū lâu lo̍h--lâi âng-mn̂g-thô͘ phàu-lúi, tân-io̍h-khò͘, sió-hêng iâⁿ-siā, kah chi̍t-ê phàu-pôaⁿ ûi-chek, bo̍k-chêng pō͘-hūn khó-he̍k hō͘ cha̍p-chháu chah leh. tī Pêng-an Kiong hù-kīn ū Siong-kun chi bō͘, kah Sai Phàu-tâi lio̍h-á bô-kâng ê phàu-pôaⁿ kah khò͘-pâng ûi-chek. \n\n### Tang Phàu-tâi\n\nTang Phàu-tâi ūi tī Sai-kiû-léng Soaⁿ tang-pêng, Tāi-gia̍p pōng-khang phian tang ê soaⁿ-pho téng-koân, tī bûn-hiàn tong-tiong Hoat-kun kā kiò-chò **Eng-châu Phàu-tâi** (鷹巢炮臺), i ê iâⁿ-siā hêng-sek hâm tōa-sè lóng kah Tiong Phàu-tâi iâⁿ-siā hui-siông óa-kīn, bo̍k-chêng ê ûi-chek kan-na chhun chio̍h-chō khò͘-pâng tōa-mn̂g, phàu-pôaⁿ, tân-io̍h-khò͘ kah koan-chhek phàu-lúi, chit-má choân-pō͘ lóng hō͘ cha̍p-chháu chah leh, pó-chûn thêng-tō͘ khah bái.\n\nKoh khoaⁿ\n---------\n\n* Ke-lâng iàu-sài\n* Jī-soa-oan Phàu-tâi\n* Téng-chio̍h-kok Phàu-tâi\n* Siā-liâu Tang Phàu-tâi\n\nChham-khó Chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. 1 2 許毓良 (2002年12月). \"基隆獅球嶺砲台考\". *臺北文獻* (ēng Hôa-gí). 臺北市: 臺北市文獻委員會. **直字** (142): 123–149.\n2. ↑ 戴震宇 (2003年2月). *台灣的城門與砲台*. 台灣地理百科 (ēng Hôa-gí). 新北市: 遠足文化. p. 34-43. ISBN 9573049333.\n\nGōa-pō͘ Liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Shihciouling Gun Emplacement*** |\n\n* 行政院農業委員會水土保持局： Sai-kiû-léng 步道（劉銘傳隧道）\n* 國家文化資產網： Sai-kiû-léng 砲台Archived 2019-06-12 at the Wayback Machine.\n* 國家圖書館 臺灣記憶：基隆市市定古蹟： Sai-kiû-léng Phàu-tâi 調查研究與修復計畫\n* 基隆旅遊網： Sai-kiû-léng 砲台Archived 2021-07-12 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Sai-kiû-léng Phàu-tâi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[744,6230,0.11942215088282504],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7272}} -{"text":"Pó-seng tāi-tè\n**Pó-seng tāi-tè** (保生大帝) sī Hok-kiàn kah Tâi-ôan bîn-kan lóng ū teh pài ê 1-sian sîn-bêng. Pó-seng tāi-tè sī Tō-kàu ê sîn-bêng.\n\nPó-seng tāi-tè ê lâi-le̍k\n-------------------------\n\nPó-seng tāi-tè, mā kiò-chòe **Tāi-tō-kong** (大道公), **Gô· Chin-kun** (吳真君), ah i chai-seⁿ ê sî, pún-miâ hō·-chòe **Gô· Tho** (吳夲), jī (字) kiò-chòe **Hôa Ki**, hō (號) sī **Hûn Tang** (雲東). Gô· Tho, chhut-sì tī Sòng-tiâu Sòng Thài-chong Thài-pêng-heng-kok 4-nî (kong-gôan 979 nî), Hok-kiàn Chôan-chiu-hú Tang-oaⁿ-kôan Pe̍h-ta-hiang, iā-tio̍h-sī hiān-chú-sî ê Chiang-chiu Liông-hái-chhī Kak-bóe-tìn Pe̍h-ta-chhoan (漳州龍海市角美鎭白礁村).\n\nLo̍h-thô· sî ê kò·-tián\n-----------------------\n\nGô· Tho ê lāu-pē hō·-chòe **Gô· Thong** (吳通), bú-chhin N̂g--sī. Gô· Tho ê seⁿ-ji̍t sī 3 go̍eh 15. Bîn-kan thôan-soat kóng, Gô· Tho in lāu-bú teh seⁿ i ê hit-ê sî-sîn, bîn-bāng tang-tiong ū lâi bāng-kìⁿ sîn-sian hā-hôan lâi kàu in pâng-keng ê mn̂g-kha-kháu, tùi tio̍h pâng-keng-mn̂g kóng chhut án-ne ê chi̍t-kù ōe : ngh...chit-ê gín-á sī **Hông-tè-chheⁿ** (Hàn-jī:皇帝星, Hôa-gí:紫微星).\n\nGô· Tho tit-tō sêng-sian ê thôan-soat\n-------------------------------------\n\nGô· Tho chū sè-hàn to̍h pí pa̍t lâng-tau ê gín-á ke-khah cheng-kong, iû-kî tùi tō-ka ê lí-lūn, tō-lí chin hèng. Siáu-liân sî-tāi ê Gô· Tho í-keng sī tī-thian-bûn, bat tē-lí, i phok-lám-kûn-su, thong ga̍k-lí, chai lé-sò·, iu-kî i-su̍t koh-khah ko-bêng. 17 hòe hit-nî, Gô· Tho koat-sim hûn-iû sù-hái, pài-hóng thian-hā-kan ê hiân-jîn châi-chú. I bat tú-tio̍h 1-ê kùi-jîn, chí-tiám i chiūⁿ Khun-lûn-soaⁿ khì pài-kiàn Ông-bú niû-niû. Ông-bú niû-niû siū i hò·ⁿ-siān-lo̍k-si ê phín-hēng só· kám-tōng, chôaⁿ thôan-siū i **kiù-sè pì-hng** kah **khu-siâ ê hoat-su̍t**. Gô· Tho tò-tńg kàu chhù-lāi-té liáu-āu, iōng-sim su-khó kah siu-liān, i hōaⁿ-tiāⁿ koat-sim m̄-koh chia̍h iû-chho, m̄ chhōa-bó·. I pō·-ji̍p koaⁿ-tiûⁿ, koaⁿ-hâm (官銜) chū kú-jîn it-tit kàu-kah gī-sú.\n\nSîn-kî ê thôan-soat\n-------------------\n\n### Chiūⁿ-thiⁿ chiâⁿ-sîn\n\nKéng-iū 3-nî (1036 nî) 5 go̍eh chhe 2, Gô· Tho tī ka-hiong ê Pe̍h-ta-hiang kòe-sin, thôan-soat kóng i kòe-sin liáu-āu kà-ho̍h seng-thian (乘鶴昇天). Sòng Ko-chong Siāu-heng nî-kan, hông-tè chiàu-bûn hā-lēng tī Chiang-chiu ê Pe̍h-ta kah Chhia-ta (青礁) chit 2-ê só·-chāi khí-keng chō-biō, kèng-hōng Gô· Tho. Sòng Hàu-chong khiân-tō 7-nî (1171 nî) ê sî-chūn, tiâu-têng iū-koh hōng i chò **Tāi-tō chin-jîn**. \n\nBêng Thài-chó· ê nî-kō, tiâu-têng koh 1-pài thek-hong chò **Hō-thian gī-sú i-lêng chin-kun** (昊天御史醫靈真君). Kāng-khóan sī Bêng-tiâu, tī Âng-hi (洪熙) gôan-nî (1425 nî), koh-chài hōng chò **Chû-chè i-lêng biāu-tō chin-kun** (慈濟醫靈妙道真君) kah **bān-siū bû-ke̍k Pó-seng tāi-tè**.\n\n### Kiù-sè hêng-siān\n\nPó-seng tāi-tè tō-hēng ko-chhim, hoat-le̍k bû-pian. I chin-chiàⁿ liáu-kái **sam-ngó· hui-pō·** ê hoat-tō͘, i iōng to̍k-te̍k ê hoat-su̍t kiù-chè sè-kan ê peh-sèⁿ. \n\nSòng Jîn-chong Bêng-tō nî-kan (1032~1033), Hok-kiàn Chiang-chiu, Chôan-chiu chit kak-sì khó-hōaⁿ kah chiâⁿ lī-hāi, peh-sèⁿ lóng bô-thang-chia̍h, gō--sí ê lâng chiâⁿ chōe. Pó-seng tāi-tè chai-iáⁿ liáu-āu, si-tián hoat-su̍t, pang-chō· peh-sèⁿ ūn-sàng ngó·-kok kiù-chè chí-ki. Bô-gî-gō·, koh kòe khah bô 1-nî, Chiang-Chôan só·-chāi iū-koh sī sì-kè e̍k-pēⁿ, un-e̍k hôaiⁿ-hêng. Chit-pái, kāng-khóan sī Pó-seng tāi-tè chek-sî chhut-bīn tìn-soah, i chiau-lâi kok-lō· thiⁿ-sîn, phah sí hia-ê tī bîn-kan chok-ok ê lah-sap-kúi kah mô·-sîn-á. Pó-seng tāi-tè i si-tián hoat-su̍t kah i-su̍t thé sù-hong peh-sèⁿ siau-chai kái-eh, i an-tah bîn-sim, chhiok-sú siā-hōe tit-tio̍h an-tēng.\n\nGô· Tho ê kong-tek\n------------------\n\nGô· Tho sī kó·-chá sî-tāi ê sîn-i, i 1-sì-lâng lóng tī-leh hêng-i kiù-sè. Chheng-tiâu Tông-tī ê *Hok-kiàn thong-chì* siá kóng: \"Gô· Tho hêng-i kiù-lâng, tùi-chèng lo̍h-io̍h, kiàn tī kiàn hó. Gô· Tho tī-pēⁿ ê sî, kòan-sì chhái-iōng suh-khì kah kòan-chúi ê pō·-sò·, sui-bóng sī gî-lân cha̍p-chèng, mā lóng chóng tī ē hó.\" \n\n*Bân-su* (\"閩書\") iáu-koh ū kì-chài kóng, Bêng-tiâu Éng-lo̍k nî-kan (1403~1424), Bûn-hông-hō· leng-pâng ê chèng-thâu giâm-tiōng, sui-jiân sì-kè kiû-i ôan-á bô-hāu. Ū 1 kang, Bêng-hông-hō· bāng-kìⁿ 1-ê tō-jîn lâi kà i tī-pīⁿ ê phiat-pō·. Tō-jîn kà i seng iōng âng-si-á-sòaⁿ kā ne-á tîⁿ kah bā-bā, lio̍h-á sǹg ân, liáu-āu tī ne-á téng-thâu chò chiam-kù, pēⁿ soah lâi tī hó-sè. Hông-hō· kám-un, koat-tēng beh cháu-chhōe hit-ê tiàm bāng-tiong kā i tiám-tuh ê tō-jîn. Āu--lâi Hông-hō· jīn-tiāⁿ Gô· Tho to̍h-sī hit-ê tō-jîn, chôaⁿ thek-hong Gô·-chin-jîn **Pó-seng tāi-tè** ê miâ-hō, jî-chhiáⁿ ka sù liông-phâu 1-niá.\n\nKèng-hōng ê tē-khu\n------------------\n\nŪi beh kì-liām Gô· Tho hêng-i kiù-sè ê kong-tek, āu-tāi ê lâng lóng khí-keng chō-am lâi kèng-hōng i. Gô· Tho sī Hok-kiàn Chiang, Chôan só·-chāi ê lâng, chai-seⁿ ê sî hêng-i kiù-lâng mā sī tī Chiang, Chôan 2-hú chit kho·-le̍h-á. In-ūi án-ne, tī Bân-lâm Chiang, Chôan chit-tah kah Tâi-ôan pak-pō·, í-ki̍p Tang-lâm-a Hokkien siā-khu, lóng chóng kiàn-chō chin-chōe kèng-hōng Pó-seng tāi-tè ê biō-am. Múi-nî kū-le̍k 3 ge̍h 15 sī Pó-seng tāi-tè ê seⁿ-ji̍t, thian-hā-kan ê Bân-lâm-lâng lóng ài chè-pài Tāi-tō-kong, kî-kiû ang-kong pó-pì sin-thé khong-kiàn, siau-chai kái-eh.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Tâi-ôan Pó-seng tāi-tè biō-am Archived 2004-08-30 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Bân-lâm khoan-tài chāi-sòaⁿ Archived 2004-10-14 at the Wayback Machine. (Chiang-chiu Pe̍h-ta chû-chè-kiong kài-siāu)\n* Ē-mn̂g-bāng Archived 2004-10-11 at the Wayback Machine. (Ē-mn̂g Chhia-ta chû-chè-kiong kài-siāu)","meta":{"title":"Pó-seng tāi-tè","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[272,5139,0.0529285853278848],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6156}} -{"text":"\n**Lâm-khu** (南區) sī Tâi-oân Tâi-tiong-chhī ê chi̍t-ê chhī-hat-khu, sī Tâi-tiong-chhī tī séng-hat-chhī sî-tāi tiō chûn-chāi ê khu. I kap Se-khu, Tiong-khu, Pak-khu, Tang-khu sī Tâi-tiong-chhī ê hu̍t-sim khu-he̍k.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\njîn-kháu ū 112,568 lâng, biān-chek 6.8101 km².\n\n### Chúi-bûn\n\n#### Le̍k-chhoan\n\nLe̍k-chhoan (綠川) sī Tâi-tiong chhī-khu chi̍t tiâu khe. \n\n#### Liú-chhoan\n\n#### Kū-hān-khe\n\n#### Thó͘-khò͘-khe\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Sú-chiân sî-kî kap goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k\n\nLâm-khu só͘ khiā ê Tâi-tiong Phûn-tē tùi 5,000 nî chêng kàu sò͘ pah nî chêng, le̍k-keng kúi-ê sin-chio̍h-khì sú-chiân bûn-hòa.\n\n2008 nî, Tiong-heng Tāi-ha̍k hāu-hn̂g lāi-té, Kok-chè Lông-gia̍p Tōa-lâu heng-kiàn kòe-têng tiong, hō͘ lâng hoat-hiān **Téng-kiô-á Ûi-chí** (頂橋仔遺址).\n\n2012 nî khai-sí, pau-hâm Lâm-khu kap Lâm-tūn-khu ê Cha̍p-saⁿ-kî Tiông-ōe-khu, hō͘ kiàn-siong khì ó͘ tio̍h nn̄g-ê tōa-hêng sú-chêng ûi-chí: chi̍t-ê sī Lâm-khu Tāi-khèng Chhia-thâu piⁿ-á ê **Hoan-pô-chng Ûi-chí** (番婆庄遺址), chi̍t-ê sī Lâm-tūn-khu Png-lo̍k-hāng (楓樂巷) ê **Môa-chî-po͘ Ûi-chí** (麻糍埔遺址). Kho-phok-koán siū Tâi-tiong-chhī Chèng-hú úi-thok, phài-chhut khó-kó͘ thoân-tūi chìn-hêng tiau-cha. Ki-tiong hoat-hiān Môa-chî-po͘ Ûi-chí ū chhut-thó͘ chio̍h-to, tô, siōng-bô 3,000 nî chêng ê Gû-mâ-thâu (牛罵頭) bûn-hòa-chân, 2,300 kàu 2,700 nî chêng ê Iâⁿ-po͘ (營埔) bûn-hòa-chân, koh ū 1,000 kàu 1,600 nî chêng ê Hoan-á-hn̂g (番仔園) bûn-hòa-chân.\n\nTī 18 sè-kí í-chêng, sī Babuza, Papola, Pazeh téng-téng ê pêⁿ-po͘ goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k só͘ seng-oa̍h ê só͘-chāi. Hit sî-chūn, Hàn-jîn chin hán-tit ē pôaⁿ kòe Tōa-tō͘-soaⁿ, ji̍p--lâi Tâi-tiong Phûn-tē.\n\n### Hàn-jîn ê î-bîn kap khai-khún\n\nChheng-tiâu Khong-hi, Iong-chèng chi kau (1720 nî-tāi), lâi-chū Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn Chiang-chiu ê kun-koaⁿ Nâ Têng-tin (藍廷珍) chhōa-thâu lâi Tâi-tiong Phûn-tē ê lâm-pêng khai-khún, keng-êng ê hoān-ûi pau-koa kū Tâi-tiong-chhī lâm-pêng, O͘-ji̍t-khu, Tāi-lí-khu, Thài-pêng. Ūi-tio̍h beh khai-khún, Nâ Têng-tin hiòng Chiong-hòa-koān ti-koān Thâm Keng-chèng (談經正) sin-chhéng chi̍t-ê khún-hō Nâ-tiuⁿ-heng (藍張興), koh sêng-li̍p Nâ-heng-chng (藍興庄). Āu-lâi chia-ê Tiong-kok î-bîn só͘ khui-phiah ê chng-thâu tiō chó͘-sêng **Nâ-heng-pó** (藍興堡). \n\nLâi Tâi ê Tiong-kok î-bîn chi-tiong, ū tùi Hok-kiàn Teng-chiu Éng-tēng ê Kang Chāi-hô (江在河), i tī 1729 nî kin-á-ji̍t Lâm-khu ê Kang-chhoan-lí.\n\nIn-ūi hàn-jîn ê ji̍p-chhim, ap-pek tio̍h goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k ê seng-chûn khong-kan, chō-sêng goân hàn chi-kan chhiong-tu̍t put-toān, sīm-chì ū hoat-seng goân-chū-bîn chhut-chháu ê sū-kiāⁿ, ín-khí Chheng-têng chhut-peng thó-hoa̍t. Lo̍h-bóe Tâi-tiong Phûn-tē ê goân-chū-bîn sòa liû-bông kàu Po͘-lí-phûn-tē. \n\n### Tâi-oân Séng-siâⁿ\n\n1885 nî, Chû-hí-thài-hō͘ kàng-chiàu \"Bân Tâi hun tī\", 9-goe̍h 5-ji̍t, Tâi-oân kiàn-séng. Thâu-chi̍t jīm Tâi-oân sûn-bú Lâu bêng-thoân phah-sǹg beh kā **Tâi-oân Séng-siâⁿ** siat tī Kiô-á-thâu (橋仔頭), tông-sî sin-siat Tâi-oân-hú kap Tâi-oân-koān, beh hō͘ Tâi-tiong chòe Tâi-oân ê hêng-chèng tiong-sim. Tiū-pī kúi-nā nî āu, chiong-î tī 1889 nî 8-goe̍h khai-kang. Chi̍t-khai-sí in-ūi séng-siâⁿ koh teh khí, séng-chèng chiām-sî tiàm Tâi-pak pān-kong. M̄-kò it-tit-kàu Lâu bêng-thoân lī-jīm, séng-siâⁿ to iah-bōe oân-kang, kan-na chi̍t pō͘-hūn siâⁿ-mn̂g kap siâⁿ-piah ê tē-ki ū khí liáu. Kè-jīm ê sûn-bú Siō Iú-liâm (邵友濂) koat-tēng beh thêng-kang, tī 1894 nî 4-goe̍h chèng-sek chiong séng-hōe chhian kàu Tâi-pak. Tâi-oân séng-siâⁿ ê ûi-chek, tû-liáu Tōa-pak-mn̂g ê siâⁿ-lâu Bōng-goa̍t-lâu (望月樓) iû-goân lâu tī Tâi-tiong Kong-hn̂g lāi-té, kî-tha--ê hiān-sî í-keng lóng phah-m̄-kìnn. \n\nTâi-oân Séng-siâⁿ ê Tōa-lâm-mn̂g (大南門) Lī-chiàu-mn̂g (離照門) kap i ê siâⁿ-lâu Tìn-pêng-lâu (鎮平樓) kiàn tī kin-á-ji̍t Lâm-khu Lâm-mn̂g-lō͘ (南門路) kap Bêng-tek-ke (明德街) lō͘-kháu hù-kīn, koh ū lâu chi̍t-ê tē-hō-miâ kiò-chòe Lâm-mn̂g-á (南門仔). Sió-se-mn̂g (小西門) Khun-sūn-mn̂g (坤順門) siat tī Lâm-khu Kok-kong-lō͘ (國光路) Kiàn-sêng-lō͘ (建成路) lō͘-kháu se-lâm-pêng.\n\nSui-jiân Lâm-khu tī Chheng-tiâu iah bô-siáⁿ kui-bô͘, m̄-kò i ūi-tī lâi-óng Chiong-hòa hām Hô͘-lô͘-tun (Hong-goân) ê lō͘-tô͘ tiong-ng, kau-thong lī-piān, sī lú-kheh thêng-kha ê hó só͘-chāi, só͘-í Lâm-khu it-tài hit-chūn í-keng sī Nâ-heng-pó lāi-té khah lāu-jia̍t ê chng-siā--ah.\n\n### Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi\n\nKau-thong\n---------\n\n### Thih-ki-lō͘ ūn-su\n\n#### Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘ Koán-lí-kio̍k\n\n* Tâi-tiong-sòaⁿ: Tāi-khèng Chhia-thâu, Ngó͘-khoân Chhia-thâu\n\ntóng-àn:Taichung MRT logo seal only.svg **Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn**\n\n* O͘-ji̍t Bûn-sim Pak-tūn-sòaⁿ (Le̍k-sòaⁿ): Tāi-khèng-chām\n\n### �Kong-lō͘\n\n* Tâi-1-It-Sòaⁿ: Ngó͘-khoân-lō͘ – Ho̍k-heng-lō͘ Jī-tōaⁿ, It-tōaⁿ\n* Tâi-3-Sòaⁿ: Kiàn-sêng-lō͘ – Kok-kong-lō͘\n* Tâi-63-Sòaⁿ (Tiong-tâu Kong-lō͘): **0Tâi-tiong-toan** – Tiong-bêng-lâm-lō͘ – Ngó͘-khoân-lâm-lō͘\n* Chhī-tō 136: Kok-kong-lō͘ – Ho̍k-heng-lō͘ Saⁿ-tōaⁿ\n* Kiàn-kok-pak-lō͘ It-tōaⁿ, Jī-tōaⁿ\n* Kiàn-kok-lâm-lō͘ It-tōaⁿ, Jī-tōaⁿ, Saⁿ-tōaⁿ\n* Tiong-bêng-lâm-lō͘\n* Bûn-sim-lâm-lō͘\n* Tâi-tiong-lō͘ – Bêng-tek-ke\n* Sam-bîn-se-lō͘\n* Bí-chhun-lō͘ It-tōaⁿ – Bí-chhun-lâm-lō͘\n* Ngó͘-khoân-lâm-lō͘\n* Ko-kang-lō͘\n* Tong-heng-lō͘ It-tōaⁿ – Kang-ha̍k-lō͘\n* Lâm-pêng-lō͘\n* Ho̍k-heng-pak-lō͘\n* Heng-tāi-lō͘\n\nKàu-io̍k\n--------\n\n### Tāi-choan\n\n* Kok-li̍p Tiong-heng Tāi-ha̍k\n\n### Ko-kip tiong-téng ha̍k-hāu\n\n* Tâi-tiong Chhī-li̍p Tâi-tiong Kang-gia̍p Chit-gia̍p Ko-kip Tiong-téng Ha̍k-hāu\n* Tâi-tiong-chhī Su-li̍p Bêng-tek Ko-kip Tiong-ha̍k\n\n### Kok-bîn tiong-ha̍k\n\n* Tâi-tiong Chhī-li̍p Chông-lûn Kok-bîn Tiong-ha̍k\n* Tâi-tiong Chhī-li̍p Sù-io̍k Kok-bîn Tiong-ha̍k\n\n### Kok-bîn sió-ha̍k\n\n* Tâi-tiong-chhī Lâm-khu Kok-kong Kok-bîn Sió-ha̍k\n* Tâi-tiong-chhī Lâm-khu Hô-pêng Kok-bîn Sió-ha̍k\n* Tâi-tiong-chhī Lâm-khu Sìn-gī Kok-bîn Sió-ha̍k\n* Tâi-tiong-chhī Lâm-khu Chhiū-gī Kok-bîn Sió-ha̍k\n* Tâi-tiong-chhī Lâm-khu Chhiū-tek Kok-bîn Sió-ha̍k\n\n### Tô͘-su-koán\n\n* Kok-li̍p Kong-kiōng Chu-sìn Tô͘-su-koán\n\n \n\n\n| | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-tiong-chhī ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Khu: | Aū-lí-khu **·** Bū-hong-khu **·** Chheng-chúi-khu **·** Chio̍h-kng-khu **·** Goā-po͘-khu **·** Gô͘-chhe-khu **·** Hong-goân-khu **·** Hô-pêng-khu **·** Lâm-khu **·** Lâm-tūn-khu **·** Liông-chéⁿ-khu **·** O͘-ji̍t-khu **·** Pak-khu **·** Pak-tūn-khu **·** Sai-tūn-khu **·** Se-khu **·** Sin-kóng-khu **·** Sin-siā-khu **·** Soa-la̍k-khu **·** Tāi-an-khu **·** Tāi-kah-khu **·** Tāi-lí-khu **·** Tāi-ngé-khu **·** Tang-khu **·** Tang-sì-khu **·** Thài-pêng-khu **·** Thâm-chú-khu **·** Tiong-khu **·** Toā-tō͘-khu | |\n\n |\n\n \n\n1. ↑\n2. ↑ Archived 2022-06-06 at the Wayback Machine.\n3. ↑\n4. ↑\n5. ↑ 劉寧顏（總纂）、王世慶. 《重修臺灣省通志》卷七·政治志（建置沿革篇）. 臺灣省文獻委員會. 1991-06-30.\n6. ↑","meta":{"title":"Lâm-khu (Tâi-tiong-chhī)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2388,6703,0.3562583917648814],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Lâm-khu
    南區
    \n\n\n\n
    Lâm-khu ê hui-kì
    Hui-kì
    \n
    \"Tiong-hô
    Tiong-hô tī Sin-pak-chhī ê ūi-tì ê uī-tì
    Tiong-hô tī Sin-pak-chhī ê ūi-tì\n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 24°7′15.04″N 120°39′44.68″E / 24.1208444°N 120.6624111°E / 24.1208444; 120.6624111
    Kok-ka\n Tâi-oân\n
    Ti̍t-hat-chhī\n Tâi-tiong-chhī\n
    Chèng-hú
     - Khu-tiúⁿ\n\t\tTân Phòe-gio̍k 陳佩玉
    Bīn-chek
     - Lóng-chóng\n\t\t6.8101 km2
    Koân-tō͘ \n52 m
    Jîn-kháu (2021 nî 1 goe̍h)
     - Lóng-chóng126,751 lâng
     - Bi̍t-tō͘\n18,612/km2
     - Hō͘-sò͘50,276
    Sî-khuNST (UTC+8)\n\t
    Iû-piān hō-bé402\n\t
    Bāng-chām
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7458}} -{"text":"\nMedical conditionPang-bô͘:SHORTDESC:Medical condition\n**Chiù-khí** sī chhùi-khí pēⁿ ê 1 khoán koè-têng kap kiat-kó. In-ūi gê-khí ê kiat-kò· siū siong-hāi, chhùi-khí seⁿ chiù-khang. Chiù-khí sī put-chí-á phó·-phiàn ê pēⁿ, kan-na kám-mō· koh khah phó·-phiàn. It-poaⁿ lâi kóng, gín-á, nî-hoè khah chió ê sêng-liân-lâng hoat-seng chiù-khí ê pí-lē khah koân, chóng--sī jīm-hô lâng to̍h ū khó-lêng hoat-seng. Chiù-khí sī siàu-liân-lâng lak chhùi-khí siāng-kài chú-iàu ê goân-in.\n\nGoân-in\n-------\n\nChiù-khí ê hoat-pēⁿ in-toaⁿ kap hoat-pēⁿ koè-têng ia̍h-bô chin chheng-chhó, m̄-koh tāi-pō·-hūn lóng jīn-ûi kah sè-khún, sng, í-ki̍p thoat-kài-hoà (*decalcification*) ū tī-tāi. Pêng-siông-sî lán lâng ê kháu-khiuⁿ thàu-té lo̍h-ū sè-khún tī--leh. Lán teh chia̍h mi̍h ê sî-chūn, hia ê sè-khún tio̍h ē kā carbohydrate, te̍k-pia̍t sī chià-thn̂g, siau-hoà sán-seng sng. Tī sng ê khoân-kéng chi-hā, pH-ti̍t kàng-kē, chhùi-khí hoat-seng kài lî-chú (*calcium ion*) kap lîn-sng-kin lî-chú (*phosphate ion*) ùi gê-iū-chit kái-lî chhut--lâi ê thoat-kài-hoà hiān-siōng, sûi-āu pH-ti̍t seng-koân, ah kài lî-chú kap lîn-sng-kin lî-chú ē koh-chài tîm-chek tńg--khì hêng-sêng koh-kài-hoà (*recalcificatioh*), ia̍h tio̍h-sī kóng tú-khí-seng ê chiù-khí sī ē-tàng hoê-ho̍k--ê, m̄-koh nā thoat-kài-hoà khah iâⁿ-bīn, chiù-khí choâⁿ lâi hoat-seng. Sè-khún, sng, lah-sap-mi̍h-á kah chhùi-nōa thàu-lām chò-hoé chiâⁿ-chò 1-khoán liâm-liâm iū-koh n̂g-n̂g, chiâⁿ-gâu liâm chhùi-khí ê bu̍t-chit, hō·-lâng hō-chò khí-khún-pan (*dental plaque*). Khí-khún-pan poaⁿ-ián chiù-khí kap khí-chiu-pēⁿ ê koan-kiān kha-siàu.\n\n### Kî-thaⁿ in-sò͘\n\n* **Chhùi-khí**\n\nChhùi-khí ê **kò͘-chō**, te̍k-pia̍t sī chhùi-khí ê piáu-bīn chham chiù-khí chiâⁿ ū koan-hē. Chiù-khí ê hoat-seng-lu̍t kah chhùi-khí piáu-bīn ê hu̍t (氟), sin (鋅), iân (鉛) hâm thih (鐵) lî-chú ê liōng hêng-sêng hoán-pí ê koan-hē. Chhùi-khí ê **hêng-thāi** mā-sī in-sò· chi-it, sió-khut-á kap li̍h-phāng (*pit and fissure*) chiâⁿ iông-ī tui-chek gê-khún-pan ín-khí chiù-khí. Chhùi-khí ê **ūi-tī** mā-ū éng-hióng, pí-jû chhò-ūi (*malposition*) ê chhùi-khí, sé khah bē chheng-khì, tio̍h khah-gâu chiù-khí.\n\n* **Chhùi-nōa**\n\nChhùi-nōa ê chē-chió tùi chiù-khí ū tiōng-tōa ê éng-hióng, chhùi-nōa nā chē tio̍h khah boē chiù-khí; chhùi-nōa nā chió tio̍h khah gâu chiù-khí.\n\n* **Chia̍h-mi̍h**\n\nKhah nńg khah liâm ê chia̍h-mi̍h ē chhiok-chìn gê-khún-pan hêng-sêng, chēng-ka chiù-khí ê hoat-seng. Cheng-chè ê chia̍h-mi̍h pí chho·-si ê chia̍h-mi̍h khah gâu ín-khí chiù-khí. Tī thn̂g-lūi lāi-té, chià-thn̂g sī siāng iông-ī ín-khí chiù-khí ê carbohydrate. Tiⁿ ê chia̍h-mi̍h ê chia̍h-iōng chhù-sò· te̍k-pia̍t tiōng-iàu, chia̍h jú-chē kái tio̍h jú-gâu chiù-khí. Lēng-gōa, chia̍h-mi̍h só·-hâm ē hu̍t-lî-chú tùi chiù-khí ê hoat-seng sui-jiân chiâⁿ tiōng-iàu, m̄-koh ím-iōng-chúi lāi-té ê hu̍t-lî-chú hâm-liōng keng-ka tiōng-iàu.\n\nChèng-thâu kah cheng-siōng\n--------------------------\n\n### Chèng-chōng (*syndrome*)\n\nChiù-khí bô tiāⁿ-tio̍h ē thiàⁿ, phó·-lio̍k lâi kóng tio̍h tán-kàu gê-iū-chit hō· phò·-hāi kàu siong-tong thêng-tō·, chiah-ē thiàⁿ. Chiù-khí mā bô-tek-khak ē-ū chiâⁿ tōa ê chiù-khang tī chhùi-khí ê piáu-bīn hō· lâng khòaⁿ-kìⁿ, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī piáu-bīn kan-tāⁿ ū sè-ka-khang-á ê khang-chhùi, lāi-té í-keng chiù kah khang-khang-khang.\n\n### Cheng-siōng (*sign*)\n\nFig: **Chiù-khí ê tiān-kong-phìⁿ**\nGê-i-su chú-iàu sī thàu-kòe **ti̍t-chiap koan-chhat**, **thàm-chiam thàm-chhek** (*probing*), kap **tiān-kong liap-iáⁿ** (*radiograph*) lâi kiám-cha chiù-khí. Gê-i-su tāi-seng ti̍t-chiap koan-chhat kám-ū chiù-khí? Chiù-khí ê lîm-chhn̂g cheng-siōng siāng tāi-seng sī \"pe̍h-tiám\". Tī pe̍h-tiám sî-kî iah-bô chhùi-khí kò·-chō ê bêng-hián sòng-sit, chiù-khang ê chìn-hêng sī ē-tàng hôe-ho̍k--ê. Kàu--liáu khah lo̍h--bóe ū kim-sio̍k lî-chí, chhùi-nōa ê nn̄g-pe̍h-chit, he̍k-sī hun-tái tîm-chek ê sî, pe̍h-tiám tio̍h piàn-sêng n̂g-sek, ka-pi-sek, he̍k-sī o·-sek, soah--lâi chiù-chhng khai-sí chhut-hiān jî-chhiáⁿ bē-tàng koh hôe-ho̍k. Gê-i-su soah--lo̍h-lâi ē iōng thàm-chiam thàm-chhek chiù-khang. Sú-iōng tiān-kong liap-iáⁿ ē-tàng pang-chān chiù-khí ê chín-toān, m̄-koh tiān-kong-phìⁿ só· khòaⁿ--tio̍h ê chiù-khang pí si̍t-chè siōng ê chiù-khang khah sè.\n\nFig: **Chiù-khí ê sī-ì-tô·ē-tàng kah chiù-khí ê tiān-kong-phìⁿ tùi-chiàu**\nLîm-chhn̂g siōng, tùi 3 ê kak-tō· kā chiù-khí hun-chòe 6 lūi:\n\n* Chiù-khí ê ūi-tì:\n\t+ **Sió-khut-á kap li̍h-phāng chiù-khí**: chiù-khí tī chhùi-khí kā-ha̍h bīn ê sió-khut-á kap li̍h-phāng.\n\t+ **Pêng-ku̍t bīn chiù-khí**: chiù-khí tī chhùi-khí ê pêng-ku̍t piáu-bīn.\n* Hoat-pēⁿ ê sok-tō·:\n\t+ **Kip-sèng chiù-khí**: hoat-chok liáu chiok-kín , siâng-chāi chhut-hiān tī 20 hòe chìn-chêng, pí-jû kóng *rampant caries*.\n\t+ **Bān-sèng chiù-khí**: hoat-seng ê sok-tō· chiâⁿ bān, pí-jû kóng *arrested caries*, ū tang-sî-á ē chū-jiân siau-sit.\n* Goân-hoat a̍h sī chài-hoat:\n\t+ **Goân-hoat-sèng chiù-khí**: chiù-khí hoat-seng tī goân-té bô chiù-khí ê gê-iū-chit he̍k gê-pún-chit.\n\t+ **Chài-hoat-sèng chiù-khí**: chiù-khí hoat-seng tī thiām-pó·-bu̍t chi-hā he̍k pian-iân.\n\nTī-liâu\n-------\n\nPhò-hāi--khì ê chhùi-khí kiat-kò· bô-hoat-tō· oân-choân koh seⁿ--chut-lâi, sui-bóng chhùi-khiuⁿ oē-seng nā î-chhî tī sek-tòng ê piau-chún, hui-siông sè ê chho·-kî chiù-khang ē koh-kài-hòa--tńg-lâi. Tùi hui-siông sè ê chiù-khang, kio̍k-pō· ê hu̍t-hoà-bu̍t ē-sái chhiok-chìn koh-kài-hoà. Tùi khah-toā ê chiù-khang ē-sái thàu-koè tī-liâu lâi chiong-chí chiù-khi ê chin-tián. Tī-liâu ê bo̍k-phiau sī pó-liû chhùi-khí ê khí-chit kap phiah-bián chin-chi̍t-pō· ê phò-hāi. \n\nIt-poaⁿ lâi-kóng, chá-kî ê tī-liâu sī khah bē thiàⁿ--ê, mā khah bē khai-chîⁿ. Kio̍k-pō· bâ-chùi (*anesthetic*), nitrous oxide (\"laughing gas\"), he̍k kî-thaⁿ ê io̍h-bu̍t khó-lêng ē-sái pang-chān kiám-kheng tī-liâu ê thiàⁿ-thàng kap chiau-cho. Ko-sok chhiú-ki kap boâ-chiam pī the̍h-lâi boâ-tû toā-pō·-hūn ê chiù-chhng. Thng-sî o̍·-á (*spoon excavator*) pī the̍h-lâi sè-jī ê î-tû chiù-khí, iû-kî sī chiù-khí chiok oá khí-chhoé ê chêng-hêng. Chiù-chhng î-tû chheng-khì liáu-āu, song-sit ê chhùi-khí khí-chit su-iàu siu-ho̍k-thé lâi hui-ho̍k chhùi-khí ê kong-lêng kap bí-koan.\n\nSiu-ho̍k ēng ê châi-liāu ū a-má-káng, ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí, iù-hûi-á, kap kim-á. Ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí kap iù-hûi-á in-ūi hó-khoàⁿ, pī sú-iōng tī su-iàu khó-lū bí-koan ê só·-chāi. M̄-koh ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí khah nńg, iù-hî-á khah chhè, tī su-iàu khah-toā ê pō· ê la̍t ê āu-piah-khí, ū-ê gê-i-su ē khó-lū kiàn-gī sú-iōng a-má-káng he̍k n̂g-kim. Nā-sī chiù-khang siuⁿ-koè-toā, chhùi-khí bē-tàng kan-taⁿ iōng thiâm-pó· ê hong-sek lâi siu-ho̍k. chit-ê sî-chūn, tio̍h su-iàu khí-lông. Khí-lông sī 1 ê thò-á, kā chhùi-khí pau--khí-lâi. Khí-lông tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sú-iōng n̂g-kim, iù-hûi-á, he̍k iù-hûi iông-kàu kim-sio̍k (porcelain fused to metal) chia ê châi-liāu chè-chō. \n\nTī chi̍t-kóa chêng-hêng hā, kin-kńg tī-liâu sī su-iàu ê. Kin-kńg tī-liâu koh kiò-chò khí-lāi tī-liâu. Chhùi-khí nā in-ūi chiù-khí he̍k goā-siong tì-sú khí-chhoé kám-jiám hoat-iām, tio̍h su-iàu kin-kńg tī-liâu. Tī khí-lāi tī-liâu, sîn-keng kap hoeh-kńg chia-ê khí-chhoé kap chiù-khí lóng hông î-tû chheng-khì. Kin-kńg pī iōng endodontic file lâi chheng-kiat kap sok-hêng, lō·-boé koh iōng chhiūⁿ chhiūⁿ-ni ê gutta-percha lâi thūn. Tī-liâu soah, chhùi-khí ài iōng khí-lông kā khàm--khí-lâi. \n\nChiù-khí nā hûi-siông giâm-tiōng, tio̍h ài kā chhùi-khí bán-tiāu. Bô tùi-kā-khí (*opposing tooth*), he̍k lâu--lo̍h-lâi ē ín-khí chin-chi̍t-pō· ê būn-tê, he̍k tì-hūi-khí lóng-sī bán-chhùi-khí ê sek-èng-chèng. Pēⁿ-lâng nā-sī bô-hoat-tō· he̍k m̄-goān hù siu-ho̍k ê hùi-iōng, he̍k siu-ho̍k ū khùn-lân, bán-chhùi-khí khó-lêng mā-sī kiàn-gī ê soán-tek.\n\nHiān-tāi siâng-chāi sú-iōng ê thiâm-pó· châi-liāu ū:\n\n* **a-má-káng** (*amalgam*)\n* **Ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí** (*composite resin*)\n\nKhah-tōa ê chiù-khang nā sú-iōng ti̍t-chiap thiâm-pó· ê hong-sek khah-bô thò-tòng, pit-su keng-kòe kā-bô· (*impression taking*), koàn-bô· (*pouring cast*), tih-la̍h (*waxup*), hoan-soa (*investing*), kap chù-chō (*casting*) téng-téng kòe-têng, chòe-aū chò-sêng **kham-thé** (*inlay*), **koan-kài-thé** (*onlay*), he̍k-sī **khí-lông** (*crown*), chiah-koh iōng liâm-ha̍p-che (*dental cement*) liâm tī chhùi-khí, án-ne chiah ē-tàng hoe-ho̍k chhùi-khí ê gōa-hêng kap kong-lêng. Kham-thé, koan-kài-thé, kap khí-lông só· sú-iōng ê châi-liāu ū :\n\n* **Khe-kim** (*gold alloys*)\n* **Phó·-thong kim-sio̍k** (*base metal*)\n* **Iù-hûi-á** (*porcelain*)\n* **Ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí** (*composite resin*)\n\nĪ-hông\n------\n\n### Chia̍h-mi̍h khòng-chè\n\nSiāng ū-hāu ê ī-hông hoat-to· chi-it sī chīn-liōng mài chia̍h cheng-chè ê thn̂g-lūi chia̍h-mi̍h.\nNā-beh chia̍h tit hoaⁿ-hí, koh bē chhùi-khí-thiàⁿ, tû-liáu ióng-sêng liông-hó ê kháu-khiuⁿ chheng-kiat koàn-sì í-gōa, koh-ài phòe-ha̍p chia̍h-si̍t koán-lí, soán-tek sek-tòng ê chia̍h-mi̍h, kap khòng-chè gâu chiù-khí ê chia̍h-mi̍h ê liap-chhú-liōng.\n\nIt-poan lâi-kóng, liâm-sèng koân, hâm thn̂g chē, cheng-chè ê piáⁿ-koaⁿ tiám-sim sī siāng-gâu chiù-khí ê chia̍h-mi̍h. In-chhú teh chia̍h tiám-sim ê sî-chūn, tio̍h-ài chim-chiok soán-tek.\n\n#### Khòng-chè chia̍h-si̍t ê chò-hoat\n\n* Ióng-sêng tha̍k si̍t-phín piau-chhiam ê koàn-sì tāi-seng, m̄-thang kò·-bé hâm thn̂g siuⁿ chē ê si̍t-phín.\n* kā gâu chiù-khí ê si̍t-bu̍t chīn-liōng hān-chè tī 3 tǹg pn̄g-chêng he̍k pn̄g-āu 1 tiám-cheng lāi lâi chia̍h，jî-chhiáⁿ pn̄g-āu ài sé-chhùi bín-chhùi-khí, sé liáu bē-sái koh chia̍h mi̍h-kiāⁿ.\n* Chim-chiok soán-tek 3 tǹg chi-kan ê tiám-sim.\n\t+ Khah mài chia̍h chē thn̂g gâu liâm chhùi-khí ê chia̍h-mi̍h, soán-tek kî-thaⁿ sek-ha̍p ê tāi-iōng-phín.\n\t+ Soán-tek sú-iōng chheⁿ-chhài kóe-chí lâi chò 3 tǹg chi-kan ê tiám-sim.\n\t+ Pē-bú he̍k-chiah sī-tōa mài iōng thn̂g-kó lâi chiáng-lē kap phiàn gin-á.\n\t+ Chhù-lāi ê lâng ê li̍p-tiûⁿ tio̍h-ài siāng-khoán, chiah-bē kā gin-á ê koan-liām chhòng--loān-khì.\n\n#### Chia̍h-mi̍h ê soán-tek\n\n* **Chīn-liōng phiah-bián ê chia̍h-mi̍h**: \nchi-ku-la̍t (chi-ku-la̍t gû-leng), chhiū-ni-thn̂g, ngē ê thn̂g-kó, thn̂g-á-chhiám (棒棒糖), thô·-tāu-thn̂g, toffee thn̂g (太妃糖), peng-kî-lîm, tiⁿ-kho͘-pháng (甜甜圈), lìn-gò͘-phài (phông-kó-phài; 蘋果派), chó-á-ko (棗糕), hâm-thn̂g ê piáⁿ-koaⁿ, kho͘-khó͘-ah (可可), khì-chúi, ka-thn̂g ê kó-chiap, phô-tô-koaⁿ, kóe-chí koàn-thâu, kó-chiùⁿ, phang-bi̍t, thô·-tāu-chiùⁿ (花生醬) téng-téng.\n* **Ē-ēng-tit khó-lū ê chia̍h-mi̍h**: \nSo·-tá piáⁿ , bô-thn̂g ê chhiū-ni-thn̂g, thô͘-tāu, he̍k-thô, koe-chí, bán-thô, pau-á, po̍h-piánn (烙餅), pe̍h-kún-chúi, chió-thn̂g he̍k-chiá bô-thn̂g ê liâng-chúi, bô ka-kang--kòe ê chhài-se hām kóe-chí, ke-bah-kak, bah-so͘, hî-so· kah liû-hî-si.\n\n### Kháu-khiuⁿ ōe-seng\n\nLiông-hó ê kháu-khiuⁿ ōe-seng sī ī-hông chiù-khí ê tē-2 ê hoat-tō͘, te̍k-pia̍t sī pêng-hôa bīn ê chiù-khí. 1 kang siāng-chió 1 kái sú-iōng **khí-bín-á** sé-chhùi kap **khí-sòaⁿ** chheng chhùi-khí-phāng sī chiâⁿ tiōng-iàu ê chheng-kia̍t khang-khòe. Sú-iōng ū lām chlorhexidine ê lo̍k-chhùi-chúi sui-jiân ê-tàng ek-chè gê-khún-pan lâi hêng-sêng, m̄-koh gê-i-su bô chàn-sêng tn̂g-kî sú-iōng.\n\n### Kái-piàn chhùi-khí piáu-bīn he̍k chhùi-khí kò·-chō\n\nHu̍t lî-chí tn̂g-sî-kan tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kap khí-iū-chit chiap-chhiok ē-tàng sú-ti̍t chá-kî ê chiù-khí koh-chài kài-hòa, lēng-gōa koân lông-tō· ê hu̍t mā ē-tàng ek-chè gê-khún-pan sán-seng sng. Só·-í hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t ē-tàng kiám-chió chhùi-khí kài-chit ê liû-sit, pang-chō· chá-kî chiù-khí ê hôe-ho̍k, sú-ti̍t chhùi-khí tùi chiù-khí koh-khah ū té-khòng-la̍t. Gê-i-su siâng-chài kiàn-gī lī-iōng hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t ê hoat-tō· ū:\n\n### Kî-thaⁿ ê pō͘-sò͘\n\n* **Tī lim ê chúi chham-ji̍p hu̍t** (飲水加氟)\n* **Chia̍h hu̍t ê io̍h-á** (口服氟錠)\n* **Hâm hu̍t khí-ko kap lo̍k-chhùi-chúi**\n* **Kio̍k-pō͘ chhat hu̍t** (局部塗氟)\n\nKái-piàn chhùi-khí piáu-bīn he̍k chhùi-khí kò·-chō ê lēng 1-ê hó hoat-tō· sī:\n\n* **Sió-khut-á kap li̍h-phāng hong-pì**\n\nSú-iōng liû-tōng-sèng chiâⁿ-hó ê [chhiū-chí]] kā chhùi-khí ka-ha̍p bīn siāng-gâu chiù-khang ê sió-khut-á kap li̍h-phāng hong-pì--khí-lâi sī ī-hông sió-khut-á kap li̍h-phāng chiù-khí siāng-hó ê hoat-tō·.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. 1 2\n2. 1 2\n3. ↑\n4. 1 2\n5. ↑\n6. ↑\n7. ↑\n8. ↑ Dental Cavities, *MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia*, page accessed August 14, 2006.\n9. ↑ Oral Health Topics: Anesthesia Frequently Asked Questions, hosted on the American Dental Association website. Page accessed August 16, 2006.\n10. ↑ Summit, James B. J. William Robbins, and Richard S. Schwartz. \"Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry: A Contemporary Approach.\" 2nd edition. Carol Stream, Illinois, Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc, 2001, p. 128. ISBN 0-86715-382-2.\n11. ↑ \"Aspects of Treatment of Cavities and of Caries Disease\" from the Disease Control Priorities Project. Page accessed August 15, 2006.\n12. ↑ Oral Health Topics: Dental Filling Options, hosted on the American Dental Association website. Page accessed August 16, 2006.\n13. ↑ What is a Root Canal?, hosted by the Academy of General Dentistry. Page accessed on August 16, 2006.\n14. ↑ FAQs About Root Canal Treatment, hosted on the American Association of Endodontists website. Page accessed August 16, 2006.\n15. ↑ Wisdom Teeth Archived 2006-04-18 at the Wayback Machine. packet in pdf format hosted by the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Page accessed on August 16, 2006.\n\nIân-sin oa̍t-tho̍k\n------------------\n\n* Nanci, A. (2013). *Ten Cate's Oral Histology*. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0323078467.\n* B. A. Burt et S. Pai, Sugar consumption and caries risk : a systematic review, 2001\n* M Woodward & A. R. Walker, Sugar consumption and dental caries : evidence from 90 countries, 1994\n\nGoā-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Chiù-khí*** |\n\nThe offline app allows you to download all of Wikipedia's medical articles in an app to access them when you have no Internet.Wikipedia's health care articles can be viewed offline with the **Medical Wikipedia app**.\n* Chiù-khí teh DMOZ\n* Centers for Disease Control: Dental Caries\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85036872\n* GND: 4029669-6\n* BNF: cb11964910v (data)\n* NKC: ph127692\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Chiù-khí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[4528,13915,0.32540424002874596],"infobox":["
    Chiù-khí
    Other names\nDental cavities, dental caries, cavities, caries
    \n
    \nChiù-khí kah khì-pìⁿ chō-sêng chúi-khì ê sún-siong.
    Pronunciation\n
    Specialty\nGê-i-ha̍k
    Symptoms\nPain, tooth loss, difficulty eating
    Complications\nInflammation around the tooth, tooth loss, infection or abscess formation
    Duration\nLong term
    Causes\nBacteria producing acid from food debris
    Risk factors\nDiet high in simple sugar, diabetes mellitus, Sjögren syndrome, medications that decrease saliva
    Prevention\nLow-sugar diet, teeth brushing, fluoride, flossing
    Medication\nParacetamol (acetaminophen), ibuprofen
    Frequency\n3.6 billion (2016)
    ","
    Hun-luī\n
    Guā-pōo tsu-guân\n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":15835}} -{"text":"Android tī 2014 nî ê piau-chìAndroid 13 ê Eng-bûn toh-bīn\n**Android** mā hò-chò **An-tok** (安卓) sī chi̍t-ê ki-î Linux hu̍t-sim ê hêng-tōng chok-gia̍p hē-thóng, iû Google sêng-li̍p ê Khai-hòng Chhiú-ki Liân-bêng kè-sio̍k léng-tō kap khai-hoat, chú-iàu sī siat-kè lâi ūn-hêng tī chhiok-khòng êng-bō͘ ê hêng-tōng chong-tì, chhiūⁿ tì-hūi-hêng chhiú-ki kap pêng-pán tiān-náu.\n\nAndroid siāng-chá sī iû Andy Rubin téng-lâng khai-hoat chè-chok, siāng-chá khai-hoat chit-ê hē-thóng ê bo̍k-tek sī beh chhòng-kiàn chi̍t-ê sò͘-ūi siōng-ki ê sian-chìn chhau-chok hē-thóng. M̄-kò āu-lâi hoat-hiān chhī-tiûⁿ su-kiû bô-kàu tōa, koh ka-siāng tì-hūi-hêng chhiú-ki chhī-tiûⁿ khoài-sok sêng-tióng, chū-án-ne Android pī kái-chō chò chi̍t-khoán bīn-hiàng tì-hūi-hêng chhiú-ki ê chok-gia̍p hē-thóng. Android tī 2005 nî 7 goe̍h 11 hō pī Bí-kok kho-ki khì-gia̍p Google siu-kò͘. 2007 nî 11 goe̍h, Google kap 84-keng ngē-thé chè-chō-siong, nńg-thé khai-hoat-siong kap tiān-náu êng-ūn-siong sêng-li̍p Khai-hòng Chhiú-ki Liân-bêng lâi kiōng-tông gián-hoat kái-liông Android. Lo̍h-bóe, Google iōng Apache bián-hùi khai-hòng goân-sí-bé hí-khó-chèng ê siū-koân hong-sek, hoat-pò͘ Android ê goân-sí-bé, hō͘ seng-sán-siong thui-chhut tah-chài Android ê tì-hūi-hêng chhiú-ki. Android āu-lâi koh ta̍uh-ta̍uh thok-tián kàu pêng-pán tiān-náu kap kî-thaⁿ léng-he̍k.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nGoogle bián-huì hām khui-guân nńg-kiānn |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Software | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Applications | \n* Chromium\n* OpenRefine\n* Tesseract\n\n |\n| |\n| Programming languages | \n* Carbon\n* Dart\n* Go\n* Sawzall\n\n |\n| |\n| Frameworks anddevelopment tools | \n* AMP\n* Angular\n* AngularJS\n* Beam\n* Bazel\n* Blockly\n* Closure Tools\n* Cpplint\n* FlatBuffers\n* Flutter\n* Gears\n* Gerrit\n* Guava\n* gRPC\n* Gson\n* Guetzli\n* Guice\n* gVisor\n* Kubernetes\n* LevelDB\n* libvpx\n* NaCl\n* OR-Tools\n* Polymer\n* Protocol Buffers\n* TensorFlow\n\n |\n| |\n| Operating systems | \n* Android OS\n* Chromium OS\n* Fuchsia\n* gLinux\n* Goobuntu\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Related | \n* Code-in\n* Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.\n* Open Source Security Foundation\n* Summer of Code\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Android","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[488,1815,0.26887052341597795],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2459}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\n**Kim-mn̂g-koān** (Hàn-jī: 金門縣; Kim-mn̂g-ōe: Kim-mn̂g-koāiⁿ; Phô͘-chhân-ōe: Ging-meóng-gā̤ⁿ) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Hok-kiàn-séng ê koān, sī iû Tōa-kim-mn̂g-tó, Lia̍t-sū téng-téng ê hái-tó cho͘-sêng--ê, koh tāi-koán goân-té sio̍k Phô͘-chhân ê O͘-khiu. Tiong-hôa-bîn-kok Hok-kián-séng ê séng-chèng-hú siat tī leh Kim-mn̂g.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nKim-mn̂g tē-lí chō-phiau sī tang-keng 118°24′, pak-hūi 24°27′, tú-hó tī Kiú-liông-kang chhut-hái-kháu, hām Ē-mn̂g-tó sio-tùi-thâu, nn̄g-pêng kī-lī 1.8 kong-lí. Kim-mn̂g ê thó͘-tē pau-koah Tōa-kim-mn̂g-tó, Lia̍t-sū (Sió-kim-mn̂g), Tōa-tàⁿ, Jī-tàⁿ, lóng-chóng 12 ê tó-sū, chóng bīn-chek liōng-kî-iok 153.056 km².\n\n### Tē-chit\n\nKim-mn̂g lia̍t-tó ê giâm-chio̍h í hoa-kong-giâm ûi-chú.\n\nKau-thong\n---------\n\nKim-mn̂g tó-siōng chú-iàu kau-thong sī chhia-lō͘, chôan-tó chhia-lō͘ bi̍t-tō͘ tī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok pâi tē-it. Tùi-gōa kau-thong sī í hâng-khong ûi-chú, bo̍k-chiân khai-thong ê hui-lêng-ki hâng-sòaⁿ chú-iàu sī kàu-tè chit-kúi-ê só͘-chāi: Tâi-pak, Tâi-tiong, Ka-gī, Tâi-lâm kah Ko-hiông. Hái-ūn hong-bīn chú-iàu ū Liàu-lô kah Chúi-thâu nn̄g-ê káng-kháu, kî-tiong Chúi-thâu-káng mā-sī Sió-sam-thong chí-tēng ê káng-kháu, hām tùi-hōaⁿ ê Ē-mn̂g Hô-pêng bé-thâu chi-kan lóng-ū tēng-kî ê hang-soaⁿ.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nKim-mn̂g-koān kòe-khì*[Chū tang-sî khai-sí?]* sio̍k-î Hok-kiàn-séng Tâng-oaⁿ-koāiⁿ.\n\n1915 nî, to̍k-lı̍p siat kōan.\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\nKim-mn̂g tē-khu sóan-bîn kiat-kò͘ chha-put-to sī hōan-nâ ê chi-chhî-chiá, le̍k-kài sóan-kí, hōan-nâ ê hāu-sôan-jîn tī chia pêng-kun tit-phiò-lu̍t lóng tī 9 siâⁿ í-siōng. Chit kúi tang Bîn-chìn-tóng sui-jiân tau-jı̍p chin chē hêng-chēng chu-gôan, kut-la̍t khai-kún, put-jī-kò in-ūi chāi-tē Kim-mn̂g peh-sìⁿ it-kòan bô chi-chhî Bîn-chìn-tóng ê chèng-tī chú-tiuⁿ, só͘-í hōan-le̍k-kun tī chia tı̍t-phiò-lu̍t khah kē.\n\nHêng-chèng-khu\n--------------\n\n* Kim-siâⁿ-tìn\n* Kim-ô͘-tìn\n* Kim-soa-tìn\n* Kim-lêng-hiong\n* Lia̍t-sū-hiong\n* O͘-khiu-hiong (tāi-koán)\n\nSiong-koan liân-kiat\n--------------------\n\n* Kim-mn̂g Kōaiⁿ-chèng-hú bāng-chām\n* Kim-mn̂g Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g bāng-chām\n* Kim-mn̂g Ji̍t-pò Siā\n* Kim-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k bāng─Kim-mn̂g Sòaⁿ-téng Tì-sek-khò· Archived 2016-10-05 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Lia̍t-sū Kong-kéng--Sió-kim-mn̂g Archived 2005-09-30 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Kim-mn̂g Kun-pún Bûn-chhái Kang-chok-sek\n\nChham-khó Bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok (Tâi-oân) ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Ti̍t-hat-chhī | Ko-hiông-chhī **·** Sin-pak-chhī **·** Tâi-lâm-chhī **·** Tâi-pak-chhī **·** Tâi-tiong-chhī **·** Thô-hn̂g-chhī | |\n| |\n| Tâi-oân-séng | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Chhī | Ka-gī-chhī **·** Ke-lâng-chhī **·** Sin-tek-chhī |\n| |\n| Koān | Biâu-le̍k-koān **·** Chiong-hoà-koān **·** Gî-lân-koān **·** Hoa-liân-koān **·** Hûn-lîm-koān **·** Ka-gī-koān **·** Lâm-tâu-koān **·** Pîn-tong-koān **·** Phêⁿ-ô͘-koān **·** Sin-tek-koān **·** Tâi-tang-koān |\n\n |\n| |\n| Hok-kiàn-séng | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Koān | Kim-mn̂g-koān **·** Liân-kang-koān |\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nKim-mn̂g-koān ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Koān-tī só͘-chāi: Kim-siâⁿ-tìn |\n| |\n| Tìn | Kim-siâⁿ-tìn **·** Kim-ô͘-tìn **·** Kim-soa-tìn | |\n| |\n| Hiuⁿ | Kim-lêng-hiong **·** Lia̍t-sū-hiong **·** O͘-khiu-hiong *(tāi-koán)* |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 157141898\n* LCCN: n83053425\n* SUDOC: 031301274\n* BNF: cb12254282h (data)\n* NDL: 00632877\n* NKC: ge291841\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kim-mn̂g-koān","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1662,3512,0.4732346241457859],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Kim-mn̂g-koān
    —  Koān  —
    金門縣
    \n

    \n
    \n\n\n\n
    \"Kim-mn̂g-koān
    Kî-á    		 \"Kim-mn̂g-koān
    Ìn-á
    \n
    \"Kim-mn̂g-koān
    Kim-mn̂g-koān ê uī-tì
    Kim-mn̂g-koān\n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 24°26′N 118°20′E / 24.433°N 118.333°E / 24.433; 118.333
    Kok-ka\n \"\" Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok\n
    Séng\n Hok-kiàn\n
    Chèng-hú só͘-chāiKim-siâⁿ-tìn
    Chèng-hú
     - Koān-tiúⁿ\n\t\tTân Hok-hái
    Bīn-chek
     - Lóng-chóng\n\t\t151.6560 km2
    Jîn-kháu (2017)
     - Lóng-chóng135,816 lâng
     - Bi̍t-tō͘\n895.6/km2
    Sî-khuUTC+08:00 (UTC)\n\t
    Bāng-chāmwww.kinmen.gov.tw
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4179}} -{"text":"\n**Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chóng-thóng-hú** (Hàn-jī: **中華民國總統府**) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chóng-thóng ê bō͘-liâu ki-koan, hū-chek chhú-lí kap chóng-thóng, hù-chóng-thóng ū koan-hē ê hêng-chèng sū-bū.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Hiàn-chèng sî-kî (1948–)\n\nTiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chóng-thóng-hú ê chiân-sin ē-ēng-tit tui-sò͘ kàu 1912 nî \n\n### Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kun-chèng-hú (1917–1925) → Kok-bîn Chèng-hú (1925–1948)\n\n### Hiàn-chèng sî-kî (1948–)\n\n* Lâm-kiaⁿ Chóng-thóng-húLâm-kiaⁿ Chóng-thóng-hú\n* Hiān-chú-sî ê Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chóng-thóng-húHiān-chú-sî ê Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chóng-thóng-hú\n\nPān-kong Thiaⁿ-sià\n------------------\n\nTiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chóng-thóng-hú tú sêng-li̍p ê sî-chūn, pān-kong ê só͘-chāi sī Lâm-kiaⁿ Chóng-thóng-hú.\n\n1949 nî 12--goe̍h, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chèng-khoân tī Tē-jī-chhù Kok-Kiōng Lāi-chiàn tiong chiàn-pāi, tùi Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k cháu-lō͘ khì kàu Tâi-pak. Chóng-thóng-hú poaⁿ ji̍p-khì goân Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú (原臺灣總督府) lāi-té, kap Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Hêng-chèng-īⁿ kiōng-iōng chi̍t keng kiàn-tio̍k lâi pān-kong. 1957 nî, Hêng-chèng-īⁿ poaⁿ khì goân Tâi-pak Chhī-ia̍h-sò͘ (原臺北市役所), Chóng-thóng-hú to̍k-li̍p sú-iōng Chóng-tok-hú thiaⁿ-sià, it-ti̍t kàu-taⁿ.\n\nChham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n","meta":{"title":"Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chóng-thóng-hú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[902,1932,0.4668737060041408],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Chóng-thóng-hú
    Office of the President（Eng-gí）
    \"\" Tâi-oân Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú

    Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chóng-thóng-hú hú-hui
    Ki-koan ki-pún chu-sìn
    Lē-sio̍kti̍t-chiap sio̍k-tī chóng-thóng
    Lâng-gia̍h529 lâng
    Ī-soàn-gia̍hSin-tâi-phiò 19.97 ek (2019 nî)
    Siū-khoânChóng-thóng-hú Cho͘-chit Hoat
    Ki-koan chú-iàu koaⁿ-oân
    Pì-su-tiúⁿLîm Ka-liông ( Bîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng)
    Hù-pì-su-tiúⁿN̂g Tiông-gān ( Bîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng)
    Tiuⁿ Sûn-hâm ( Bîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng)
    Jīm-bēng-chiáchóng-thóng
    Ki-koan cho͘-chit pian-chè
    Hù-sio̍k tan-ūiTiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ, Kok-sú-koán
    Sêng-li̍p iân-kek
    Sêng-li̍p1948 nî 5 goe̍h 20 ji̍t;​ 75 nî í-chêng​ (1948-05-20)
    Liân-lo̍k tsu-sìn

    Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chóng-thóng-hú ê logo
    Chū-chíTâi-pak-chhī Tiong-chèng-khu Tiong-khèng Lâm Lō͘ 1 Tōaⁿ 122 hō
    Tiān-ōePang-bô͘:Tel
    Bāng-chāmwww.president.gov.tw
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1391}} -{"text":"\nChhoà Hông-jú\n**Chhoà Hông-jú** (Hàn-jī: 蔡黃汝; 1987 nî 11 goe̍h 15 ji̍t chhut-sì ), gē-miâ **Tāu-hoe-mōe** (豆花妹), sī chi̍t-ūi Tâi-oân ê cha-bó͘ ián-goân, model, kiam koa-chhiú. Chū Séng-ngô͘ Kho-ki Tāi-ha̍k Hêng-siau ú Liû-thong Koán-lí-hē pit-gia̍p. Chhoà ê bīn-ba̍k piau-tì koh khì-chit, in-chhú ióng-iú the̍h-lâm lí-sîn, hēng-ūn lí-sîn, kap **Thian-jiân-tai lí-sîn** (天然呆女神) téng-téng chheng-ho͘.\n\nKeng-le̍k\n---------\n\n2008 nî 7 goe̍h gōa, Chhoà Hông-jú káu Tâi-oân Kò͘-sū-koán chò-sòaⁿ-kang, bē tāu-hoe. Bē bô-gōa-kú, in-ūi ū PTT ê bāng-iú chiân-óng Tâi-oân Kò͘-sū-koán chhit-thô, tùi i ìn-siōng chin chhim. Jiân-āu, in tiō tī PTT ê piáu-te̍k-pán hoat-bûn, siū-tio̍h kóng-tāi ê jia̍t-lia̍t hôe-hiáng, pēng-chhiáⁿ chō-sêng it-sî ê hong-tōng. Chē-chē bāng-iú lóng cháu-khì it-thàm-kiù-kèng, kā i hō-chò Tāu-hoe-mōe (豆花妹); chit-ê miâ chiū khai-sì tī bāng-lō͘ bīn-téng sio-pò-chhùi.\n\nPún-miâ\n-------\n\nTāu-hoe-mōe tī chhù-lāi sī sè-hàn-kiáⁿ, téng-bīn ū 2-ê a-chí kap 1-ê a-hiaⁿ.\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nHoâ-kio̍k Tāi-sióng Chòe-ka Cha-bó͘ Ián-oân |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \nTân Têng-nî (2012 nî) **·** \nTân Têng-nî (2013 nî) **·** \nKoeh Su-iâu (2014 nî) **·** \nLōa Ngá-giân (2015 nî) **·** \nChhoà Hông-jú (2016 nî) **·** \n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Chhoà Hông-jú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[406,1381,0.2939898624185373],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1441}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?*Annona squamosa* |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Sek-khia ê kóe-chí |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Magnoliales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Annonaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Annona* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***A. squamosa*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Annona squamosa***L. |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Sek-khia** sī chı̍t-chióng jia̍t-tāi kóe-chí, mā hō-chò hoan-nāi-chi, hu̍t-thâu-kó, in-ūi gōa-hêng sêng Sek-khia-bô͘-nî (Hu̍t-chó͘) ê thâu. Tī Bí-chiu kiò *Cherimoya*; tī To-bêng-nî-ka kiò *Guanabana*; tī Eng-kok kiò *Custard Apple*. Hô-lân-lâng tī 17 sè-kí àn jia̍t-tāi Bí-chiu ín-chìn Tâi-oân chai-pôe.\n\nÔng-lâi-sek-khia sī it-poaⁿ ê *Annona squamosa* (sek-khia) kap *A. cherimola* (Hg: 冷子番荔枝) ê lām-chéng, kiò *Atemoya*. Kî-tha ê chéng pau-koat *A. muricata*.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* USDA Plant Profile\n* NewCROP\n\nSòaⁿ-téng chu-gôan\n------------------\n\n* Tâi-tang Sek-khia[*biân-uán bô-hāu liân-kiat*]\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Annona squamosa*** |","meta":{"title":"Sek-khia","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[319,797,0.4002509410288582],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1215}} -{"text":"***Sex and the City*** (\"Sèng kap Siâⁿ-chhī\"; Hôa-gí: 慾望城市 ***Io̍k-bōng Siâⁿ-chhī***, Kńg-tang-oē: 色慾都市 ***Sek-io̍k To͘-chhī***) sī 1 chhut Bí-kok-chè ê iú-soàⁿ tiān-sī iáⁿ-chi̍p, lōe-iông tāi-iok kin-kù kāng chit-ê miâ ê 1 pún siáu-soat kái-pian oân-sêng--ê. 1998 nî thâu-1-pái tiàm Bí-kok HBO pîn-tō pò-chhut, 2004 nî siu-soah. Ke̍k-chêng chú-iàu an-pâi tī New York Chhī. Khan-siap tio̍h 4-ê chì-hó ê cha-bó· pêng-iú ê sèng seng-oa̍h kap kám-chêng sè-kài. Chit 4-ê chú-kak lóng sī téng-tiong-chân siā-hōe chhut-sin ê cha-bó·-lâng, kî-tiong 3-ê iok-lio̍k 35 chì 40 hòe, tē-4-ê (Samantha) ū 40-gōa-hòe. Iáⁿ-chi̍p ê hêng-thài ki-pún-te̍k sī chhiò-khoe ê chhut-thâu ke-thiⁿ kóa sap-bûn-ke̍k ê sêng-hūn. *Sex and the City* chhiâng-chāi thàm-thó Bí-kok siā-hōe tng jia̍t ê siā-hōe gī-tê, pí-lūn kóng cha-bó·-lâng ê siā-hōe tē-ūi.\n\nKi-pún chu-liāu\n---------------\n\n* **Hêng-thài**: Chhiò-khoe\n* **Sî-kan**: 30 hun-cheng\n* **Kò·-sióng**: Darren Star\n* **Chú-ián**:\n\t+ Sarah Jessica Parker (ián Carrie Bradshaw)\n\t+ Kristin Davis (ián Charlotte York)\n\t+ Cynthia Nixon (ián Miranda Hobbes)\n\t+ Kim Cattrall (ián Samantha Jones)\n* **Sán-kok**: Bí-kok\n* **Pîn-tō**: HBO\n* **Chho·-chhù hòng-sàng**: 1998 nî 6 goe̍h 6 kàu 2004 nî 2 goe̍h 22\n* **Kúi-chi̍p**: 94\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* HBO bāng-ia̍h","meta":{"title":"Sex and the City","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[316,1167,0.2707797772065124],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1460}} -{"text":"\n\n**Chúi-ti** (Ha̍k-miâ: *Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris*) sī Chúi-tûn Sio̍k hā chhun ê nn̄g chióng seng-bu̍t chi it. I sī chi̍t-khoán pòaⁿ chúi-chhe ê Chia̍h-chháu Tōng-bu̍t, mā sī sè-kài siōng thé-hêng siōng tōa ê Giat-khí-lūi tōng-bu̍t. Goân-sán-tē sī Lâm Bí-chiu tû-liáu Chile í-gōa ê só͘-ū se-chhiū chháu-po͘ kah chhiū-nâ lāi-té.\n\nChúi-ti sī ko-tō͘ siā-hōe-hòa ê tōng-bu̍t, siōng tōa ê chúi-ti tīn ê sò͘-liōng ē-tàng kàu 100 chiah, m̄-koh thong-siông tī 10-20 chiah chi-kan. Sui-liân kóng, in-ūi i ê bah kah phôe-mo͘ ū lī-iōng kè-ta̍t, só͘-í ē hō͘ lâng pó͘-lia̍h, iah-m̄-koh chit-khoán bu̍t-chéng iah bô che̍h-chéng ê hûi-hiám.\n\nHun-lūi\n-------\n\nChúi-ti ê chhùi-khí\nChúi-ti chín sio̍k-î Chúi-tûn A-kho, m̄-koh chìn-chêng chham kî-tha í-keng choa̍t--khì ê chhin-iân chéng lóng hun-lūi tī chúi-ti kho (Hydrochoeridae) chi-hā. 2002 nî, hun-chú hē-thóng hoat-seng gián-kiù hián-sī chúi-ti sio̍k kah Gâm Tûn-chhí Sio̍k koan-hē chin óa, in-chhú kā che nn̄g sio̍k pun hō͘ chò-hóe: hun-lūi tī Tûn-chhí Kho tang-tiong. Iah-m̄-koh kó͘ seng-bu̍t ê hun-lūi iah-sī iōng í-chá ê lāu hong-hoat. Kâng-sî, i ê oán-kó͘ kīn-chhin ê hun-lūi tē-ūi mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ chiok bô ún-tēng. Kàu taⁿ ûi-chí, ū chin chē chéng lóng í-keng sóa-khì bô-kāng kho chi-hā. Goân-in chú-iàu sī, chúi-ti chham i ê chhin-iân tōng-bu̍t ê Āu-chan: nā bô-kāng chéng tio̍h chha chiok chē. Pí-lû kóng, í-chêng bat kin-kù bô-kâng ê āu-chan hun-ōe--chhut 4 sio̍k 7 chéng bô-kâng ê seng-bu̍t, tān-sī āu-lâi chiah khak-tēng sī bô-kâng ê nî-hòe kai-tōaⁿ ê *Cardiatherium paranense* niā-niā.\n\nChúi-ti ê Chéng-ka-sû *hydrochaeris* kah sio̍k-miâ kāng-khoán, lóng sī Hi-lia̍p-gí ὕδωρ (hoat-im: *hydor*; chúi) kah χοίρος (hoat-im: *choiros*; ti) lâi--ê.\n\nGōa-pō͘ Liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Alan Taylor (2018 nî 11--goe̍h 29). \"Companionable Capybaras (18 Photos)\". *The Atlantic*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2021-04-06. 2021-02-13 khòaⁿ--ê.\n* Data related to Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris at Wikispecies\n* Animal Diversity Web *Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris*Archived 2012-03-06 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Capybara informationArchived 2021-04-06 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Chúi-ti","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[640,2316,0.2763385146804836],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Chúi-ti
    Iá-seng chúi-ti. Tī Pa-se Pantanal Tâm-tē hip--ê
    Kho-ha̍k hun-lūi \"e\"
    Kài:Animalia
    Mn̂g:Chordata
    Kong:Mammalia
    Bo̍k:Rodentia
    Kho:Caviidae
    Sio̍k:Hydrochoerus
    Chéng:
    H. hydrochaeris
    Ha̍k-miâ
    Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris
    (Linnaeus, 1766)
    Chúi-ti ê chū-liân hun-pò͘ sī iōng chheⁿ-sek hián-sī
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2361}} -{"text":"\n**Si-phian 2**, ia̍h **Si-phian Tē 2 Chiuⁿ**, sī Kū-iok Sèng-keng lāi ê tē-2 phiⁿ si-phian.\n\nChoân-bûn\n---------\n\n1 Lia̍t-pang siáⁿ-sū soan-hoa, Chèng peh-sìⁿ siáⁿ-sū kè-bô͘ khang-khang ê sū? \n\n2 Sè-chiūⁿ ê kun-ông khiā--khí-lâi, Chiáng koân-pèng--ê saⁿ-kap gī-lūn, Beh tí-te̍k Iâ-hô-hoa, iā tí-te̍k I ê siū boah-iû--ê. \n\n3 Kóng, Lán tio̍h chhoah-tn̄g in ê khún-pa̍k, Hiat-ka̍k in ê soh. \n \n4 Chē tī thiⁿ-téng--ê beh chhiò, Chú beh biáu-sī in. \n\n5 Hit-sî I beh tī I ê siū-khì-tiong lâi tùi i kóng, Tī I ê tōa siū-khì lâi hō͘ in kiaⁿ. \n \n6 Chú kóng, Góa í-keng siat-li̍p Góa ê ông, Tī Sek-an, Góa ê sèng-soaⁿ. \n \n7 Góa beh thoân sèng-chí, Iâ-hô-hoa bat kā góa kóng, Lí sī Góa ê kiáⁿ, Góa kin-á-ji̍t siⁿ lí. \n \n8 Lí kiû Góa, Góa chiū chiong lia̍t-pang hō͘ lí chòe ki-gia̍p; Chiong tōe ê ke̍k-thâu hō͘ lí chòe sán-gia̍p. \n \n9 Lí beh ēng thih-koáiⁿ phah-phòa in; Beh kòng-chhùi in chhin-chhiūⁿ sio-hûi lâng ê hûi-khì. \n \n10 Taⁿ lín lia̍t-ông tio̍h ū tì-hūi; Lín sè-chiūⁿ ê sím-phòaⁿ-koaⁿ tio̍h siū kéng-kài. \n\n11 Tio̍h ēng kèng-ùi lâi ho̍k-sāi Iâ-hô-hoa, Tio̍h ēng kiaⁿ-hiâⁿ lâi hoaⁿ-hí. \n \n12 Tio̍h ēng chhùi chim Sèng Kiáⁿ, kiaⁿ-liáu I siū-khì, lín chiū bia̍t-bô tī lō͘-tiong. In-ūi I ê siū-khì beh kín-kín hoat-chhut. Hoān-nā óa-khò I--ê, lóng sī ū hok-khì ê lâng.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Si-phian 2*** |\n\n* Sèng-keng Tin-chông: Má Ngá-kok Kū-iok Choân-su & Pa-khek-lé Sin-iok Choân-su, Sìn-bōng-ài, Tin-pún Sèng-keng Sò͘-ūi Tián-chông Cha-sûn Hē-thóng.\n* Pe̍h-ōe-jī Sèng-keng Bo̍k-lio̍k\n\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| **Si-phian 2** |\n| Chiap-sio̍kSi-phian 1 | **Kū-iok Sèng-keng Choân-suSi-phian** | Kè-sio̍kSi-phian 3 |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n* **Si-phian**\n* תהילים\n* *Tehilim*\n |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chiuⁿ | \n* 1\n* 2\n* 3\n* 4\n* 5\n* 6\n* 7\n* 8\n* 9\n* 10\n* 11\n* 12\n* 13\n* 14\n* 15\n* 16\n* 17\n* 18\n* 19\n* 20\n* 21\n* 22\n* 23\n* 24\n* 25\n* 26\n* 27\n* 28\n* 29\n* 30\n* 31\n* 32\n* 33\n* 34\n* 35\n* 36\n* 37\n* 38\n* 39\n* 40\n* 41\n* 42\n* 43\n* 44\n* 45\n* 46\n* 47\n* 48\n* 49\n* 50\n* 51\n* 52\n* 53\n* 54\n* 55\n* 56\n* 57\n* 58\n* 59\n* 60\n* 61\n* 62\n* 63\n* 64\n* 65\n* 66\n* 67\n* 68\n* 69\n* 70\n* 71\n* 72\n* 73\n* 74\n* 75\n* 76\n* 77\n* 78\n* 79\n* 80\n* 81\n* 82\n* 83\n* 84\n* 85\n* 86\n* 87\n* 88\n* 89\n* 90\n* 91\n* 92\n* 93\n* 94\n* 95\n* 96\n* 97\n* 98\n* 99\n* 100\n* 101\n* 102\n* 103\n* 104\n* 105\n* 106\n* 107\n* 108\n* 109\n* 110\n* 111\n* 112\n* 113\n* 114\n* 115\n* 116\n* 117\n* 118\n* 119\n* 120\n* 121\n* 122\n* 123\n* 124\n* 125\n* 126\n* 127\n* 128\n* 129\n* 130\n* 131\n* 132\n* 133\n* 134\n* 135\n* 136\n* 137\n* 138\n* 139\n* 140\n* 141\n* 142\n* 143\n* 144\n* 145\n* 146\n* 147\n* 148\n* 149\n* 150\n\n |\n| |\n| Gōa-tián | \n* 151 (Eastern Orthodox)\n* 152–155 (Syriac Orthodox)\n* Psalms of Solomon\n\n |\n| |\n| Iōng-gí | \n* Psalter\n* Hallel\n* Hallelujah\n* Penitential Psalms\n* Selah\n* Song of Ascents\n* They have pierced my hands and my feet\n\n |\n| |\n| Wikisource bûn-hiàn | \n* *Tehillim* (Hi-pek-lâi-gí)\n* Septuagint (Greek)\n* Vulgate (Latin)\n* Wycliffe / King James / American Standard / Episcopal Prayer Book / World English Bible (English)\n\n |\n| |\n| ← Book of Job (Job 42)Book of Proverbs (chapter 1) → |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Si-phian 2","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1195,2422,0.49339388934764655],"infobox":["
    Si-phian 2
    \n
    \n
    Su\nSi-phian
    Sèng-keng ê pō͘-hūn\nKū-iok
    Pō͘-hūn lāi ê sūn-sī\n19
    Lūi-pia̍t\nSèng-si
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3498}} -{"text":"Tī oa̍h-jī ìn-soat lāi-té, **jī-tô·** it-poaⁿ piáu-sī 1-ê jī ê tô·-hêng piáu-teng. M̄-koh, mā khó-lêng sī kúi-nā-ê jī ia̍h-sī jī ê 1-pō·-hūn ê tô·-hêng piáu-teng. Jī sī 1-ê gí-giân kap chiàⁿ-jī-hoat ê bûn-jī tan-ūi. Jī-tô· sī 1-chióng tô· ê tan-ūi. Pí-lūn kóng, 'ffi' sǹg 3-ê jī-bó, m̄-koh, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kan-na iōng 1-ê jī-tô· lâi piáu-sī. 'a̍' sǹg 1-ê jī, m̄-koh, tī Thong-iōng-bé, su-iàu iōng 2-ê jī-tô· 'a' kap '|' lâi piáu-sī kap chó·-ha̍p.\n\nIōng '明' chit-ê jī chòe lē. Chit-ê jī 1-poaⁿ kan-na iōng 1-ê jī-tô· lâi ìn-soat. M̄-koh, chit-ê jī ma ē-sài thià-chòe 2-ê jī-tô·, hun-piat sī '日' kap '月'. Iōng chit 2-ê jī-tô· lâi ìn-soat, kó-lêng ē ìn-chhut chhiuⁿ '日月' án-ne ê tô·. Chin phái-khòaⁿ.\n\nM̄-koh, ka '明' thià-chòe 2-ê jī-tô· lâi ìn-soat ū 1-ê hó chhù, chit-ê hó chhù sī án-ne su-iàu ê jī-tô· ē-sài kiám-chió. Tī 1-ê jī iōng 1-ê jī-tô· ê chêng-hêng, beh ìn '日','月','明', su-iàu 3-ê jī-tô·. Na-sī '明' thiàⁿ iōng 2-ê jī-tô· ìn, kan-na su-iàu 2-ê jī-tô·. In-ùi jī-tô· ê sò·-bok it-tèng sī iú-han. Beh iōng chia-ê iú-han ê jī-tô· lâi ìn-soat pí jī-tô· sò·-bok koh khah chē ê jī ê sî, su-iàu ka jī thià-choè 1-ê í-siong ê jī-tô· lâi ìn. Iah tio̍h sī iōng jī-tô· khì chó·-ha̍p (tàu) chhut sin-ê jī.\n\nBeh iōng 2-ê í-siong ê jī-tô· lâi chó·-ha̍p chhut 1-ê jī ê sî. Su iàu iōng 1-kóa ìn-soat ki-su̍t, na bô ìn ê jī ê chhiuⁿ '日月' án-ne phái-khòaⁿ. Pí-lūn kóng, beh iōng '方','土' chit 2-ê jī-tô· ìn-chhut '堃' chit-ê jī, su-iàn ū chhiâu-chhek 2-ê jī-tô· khèng tī chèng-khak ê ūi.\n\nTiān-náu hián-sī bûn-jī ki-pún-siong iōng sio-siang ê tò-lí. Jī-hêng ki-pún-siong sī jī-tô· ê chi̍p-hap. Iōng 1-ê jī-hêng lâi hiàn-sī bûn-jī ê ì-sù tio̍h-sī iōng chit-ê jī-hêng lâi-té ê jī-tô· lâi ōe-chhut bûn-jī.","meta":{"title":"Jī-tô͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1712,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2011}} -{"text":"Google Play 2016 nî ê phiau-chì\n**Google Play** sī iû Google ūi Android só͘ khai-hoat ê sò͘-ūi-hòa èng-iōng hoat-pò͘ pêng-tâi. Chit-hāng ho̍k-bū ín-chún sú-iōng-chiá thàu-kòe lāi-kiàn tī chong-tì tiong ê Play tiàm-thâu ia̍h-sī thàu-kòe bāng-chām tùi èng-iōng thêng-sek, im-ga̍k, cha̍p-chì, chheh, tiān-iáⁿ, tiān-sī chiat-bo̍k chìn-hêng liû-lám, hā-chài ia̍h-sī kò͘-bé. Android tiān-chú chhī-tiûⁿ tī 2008nî 8 goe̍h 28 hō kong-khai hoat-piáu, pēng tī 2008 nî 10 goe̍h 22 hō chèng-sek chiūⁿ-soàⁿ. 2009 nî 9 goe̍h khí, lio̍k-sio̍k khai-sí thê-kiong hù-chîⁿ ho̍k-bū. 2012 nî 3 goe̍h 6 hō, Android tiān-chú chhī-tiûⁿ, Play im-ga̍k, Play tô͘-su, Play chhit-thô, Play chheh-pò-thoaⁿ, Play tiān-iáⁿ kap tiān-sī chéng-ha̍p pēng kái-miâ chò Google Play. Chia̍t-chí bo̍k-chiân, èng-iōng thêng-sek tiong ê hù-chîⁿ ho̍k-bū lóng-chóng chi-oān 129-ê kok-ka; kî-thaⁿ ho̍k-bū chi-oān tòe-tio̍h Google put-toān ê thui-kóng, ióng-iú kî-thaⁿ ho̍k-bū ê kok-ka mā tng-teh ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á ê cheng-ka tiong.","meta":{"title":"Google Play","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,982,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1123}} -{"text":"\n***Ji̍t-thâu Chi Koa*** (Ji̍t-gí: タイヨウのうた) sī chi̍t chhut tī 2006 nî 6 goe̍h 17 ji̍t beh poaⁿ ê Ji̍t-pún tiān-iáⁿ. Koa-chhiú kap thiām-sû lâng YUI tī chit kio̍k hū-chek tam-jīm lí-chú-kak, Chú-chhiàng Chú-tê-khek kap chok-khek ê thiām-sû. Liáu-āu, chit kò͘-sū goân-chok sī 1993 nî ê Hiong-káng tiān-iáⁿ *Sin Put-liáu-chêng*, TBS kò͘-sū kā chiâⁿ-chò tiān-sī-kio̍k, 2006 nî hā-kuì ê Pài-gō͘ Drama tiong pò͘-hòng.\n\nKò͘-sū káng-su̍t toà tī hái-piⁿ siâⁿ-chhī ê Kaoru Amane (雨音薰) hoān tio̍h-sek-sèng ta-phôe-chèng (著色性焦皮症), sin-khu bē-sái siū chiò-ji̍t chiò-siā. Chiū-án-ne I ê seng-oa̍h kap chèng-siông lâng siong-hoán, goe̍h-niû chhut-lâi sî I ê oa̍h-tāng sî-kan khai-sí; chiò-ji̍t chhut-lâi sî chiū khùn. Chún-chò án-ne, i ū chi-chhî I ê chhù-lâng, hó pêng-iú, múi-ji̍t khoài-lo̍k seng-oa̍h. chhú-goā im-ga̍k tùi i lâi kóng sī pí sím-mi̍h lóng tiōng-iàu ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Tī chhiùⁿ tiong, hó kám-siū-tio̍h seng-chûn ê ì-gī. It-ti̍t-kàu gū-tio̍h chi̍t uī siàu-liân, I ê ūn-miā chhut-hiàn liáu chin tōa ê kái-piàn.","meta":{"title":"Thài-iông chi Ko","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1016,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1175}} -{"text":"\n**Sin-káng bûn-su** (新港文書) chí hiān-chāi Tâi-oân Tâi-lâm hit tah ê pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k siā-kûn só͘ lâu--lo̍h-lâi ê thó͘-tē sòe--lâng, bé-bē, chioh-chîⁿ chit hong-bīn ê khè-iok bûn-su, Hàn-jîn bîn-kan kiò hō-chò **hoan-á-khè** (番仔契). Tùi bûn-su só͘ sú-iōng ê gí-giân lâi khoàⁿ, ū kan-na iōng Lô-má-jī phèng-im su-siá ê Pêⁿ-po͘-oē tan-gí bûn-su, oân-á ū Hàn-gí, Pêⁿ-po͘-oē tùi-chiò ê siang-gí bûn-su. Taⁿ iok-lio̍k ū 140-gōa-kiāⁿ ū pó-chûn. Sui-jiân sī gián-kiù Pêⁿ-po͘ bûn-hòa, Tâi-oân chá-chêng le̍k-sú ê tin-kùi châi-liāu, put-jî-kò in-ūi Sin-káng-gí sit-thoân, taⁿ bián-kióng ū châi-tiāu kái-tha̍k ê ha̍k-chiá bô kúi-ê-á.\n\nLe̍k-sú pōe-kéng\n----------------\n\nSó͘-kóng ê Sin-káng-gí sī teh chí kin-á-ji̍t Tâi-lâm tē-tài ê Siraya-cho̍k goân-chū-bîn in sú-iōng ê oē-gí. Tī Liân-ha̍p Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si (*Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie*, VOC) thóng-tī Tâi-oân chit toāⁿ sî-kan (1624 nî - 1662 nî), Hô-lân (?) soan-kàu-su ūi beh thoân-kàu kiam sak chèng-tī sū-bū, m̄-nā chhin-sin ha̍k-si̍p chāi-tē gí-giân, mā lī-iōng Lô-má-jī pian Lâm-tó-gí ê sû-tián, jî-chhiáⁿ iōng Lô-má-jī kà-sī tong-tē ê Pêⁿ-po͘-á o̍h siá ka-kī ê gí-giân.\n\nTī 1625 hit nî, koán-hat Tâi-oân ê hêng-chèng-koaⁿ Maarten Sonck iau-kiû Hô-lân (?) bó-kok chhe-phài 2~3 ê ū châi-tiāu tha̍k-keng,kà-sī goân-chū-bîn ê soan-kàu-su lâi Tâi. Thâu-1-phoe phài--lâi ê lâng soah sī bô koân pān sé-lé ê thàm-hóng thoân-tō. Kàu-kah 1627 nî 6-goe̍h chiah ū tē-1-ê chiàⁿ-káng ê kàu-khu bo̍k-su Georgius Candidius (Kan-tī-sū, 干治士) kàu Tâi-oân, liáu-āu chiah chèng-sek khai-sí Kē-tē-kok tiàm Tâi-oân ê thoân-kàu sū-gia̍p. Thâu-khí-seng tī Sin-káng-siā chhì pān; in tī 1630 nî kui-tīn piáu-sī goān-ì chiap-siū Ki-tok-kàu sìn-gióng.\n\n1636 nî Hô-lân-lâng tī Sin-káng khui-pān tē-1-keng ha̍k-hāu. Chit keng ha̍k-hāu m̄-nā chiong chong-kàu kàu-io̍k chè-tō͘-hòa, mā ín-ji̍p Se-hng-sek ê tha̍k-siá hùn-liān. Kē-tē-kok kiâⁿ kui-chèng ê Sin-kàu, chú-tiuⁿ iōng tē-hng ê kháu-gí thoân-kàu, só͘-í Sin-káng-gí sī hāu-lāi ê kàu-ha̍k gí-giân. Tû-liáu iōng Latin jī-bó chiong kháu-gí siá--lo̍h-lâi í-gōa, siâng-sî ia̍h pian-chi̍p kàu-gī būn-tap, kî-tó bûn téng-téng chò kàu-châi. Soan-kàu-su Robertus Junius tī 1643 nî ê kàu-io̍k pò-kò kì-chài kóng: Sin-káng ha̍k-hāu í-keng ū 80-ūi ha̍k-seng, kî-tiong ū 24-ê tng teh o̍h siá-jī, tāi-iok ū 8 ê, 10 ê lâng ē-hiáu su-siá chéng-chê ê jī; ah hū-kīn ê Baccaluan (目加留灣) ha̍k-hāu 90 ê ha̍k-seng tang-tiong, oân-á ū 8 ê ē-hiáu siá.\n\nChit-kóa-á phài-chù tī Tâi-oân ê soan-kàu-su tû-liáu thoân-kàu í-gōa, mā pian-chi̍p kok-chióng ê sû-tián, kàu-gī-su, khó-pí kóng Sin-káng-gí ê Má-thài Hok-im-su, Favorlang sû-lūi, téng-téng, āu--lâi chiâⁿ-chò ha̍k-chiá gián-kiù Goân-chū-bîn-gí ê kin-kì.\n\nKē-tē-lâng thóng-tī Tâi-oân chiah 38 tang nā-niā, chóng-sī tùi Tâi-oân bûn-hòa ê hoat-tián ū siong-tong ê éng-hióng. Chhin-chhiūⁿ Sin-káng-bûn-su lâi kóng, hiān-chú-sî khoàⁿ-ē-tio̍h siāng boán-kî ê bûn-su, sī tī 1813 nî oân-sêng ê -- lî Kē-tē-lâng lī-khui Tâi-oân (1662 nî) to-iā chhiau-kòe 150 tang ah, iû-goân ū lâng chiap-sòa iōng hit thò lô-má-jī lâi chìn-hêng khè-iok bûn-su ê khang-khòe.\n\nSin-káng-bûn-su ê iû-lâi\n------------------------\n\n1928 nî Tâi-pak Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k chèng-sek sêng-li̍p, ē-pêng ū siat Gí-giân-ha̍k Gián-kiù-sek. Tī hia ê ha̍k-chiá Ogawa Naoyosi (小川尚義) bô jōa-kú tō tī Tâi-lâm Sin-káng-siā hit tài chhái-chi̍p kó͘-bûn-su, kau hō͘ Murakami Naojirô (村上直次郎) chéng-lí chhut-pán, chheh-miâ hō-chò *Sin-káng-bûn-su: Sinkan Manuscripts* (1933). Chit pún chu siu-lio̍k 109 kiāⁿ thó͘-tē khè-iok-su, kî-tiong ū 87 kiāⁿ sī Sin-káng-siā--ê, pau-koah 21 kiāⁿ sī Hàn-Hoan tùi-e̍k. Iū-koh ū Toh-hô͘-siā (卓猴社) 3 kiāⁿ, Mattau (麻豆社, Môa-tāu-siā) 16 kiāⁿ, Tōa-bú-lâng-siā (大武壟社) 1 kiāⁿ, Ē-tām-chúi-siā (下淡水社) 1 kiāⁿ, Cattia (茄藤社) 1 kiāⁿ. Lūn nî-hūn, siāng chá--ê sī 1683 nî ê 1 kiāⁿ Mattau (麻豆) bûn-su; siāng oàⁿ--ê sī tē-21-hō ê Sin-káng bûn-su (1813 nî).\n\nKái-tha̍k Sin-káng Bûn-su\n-------------------------\n\nSin-káng-bûn-su ê kái-tho̍k m̄-nā tùi gí-giân-ha̍k ê ha̍k-būn ū pang-chō͘, tùi liáu-kái Pêⁿ-po͘-á cho̍k-kûn, le̍k-sú, siā-hōe iā ū chiâⁿ tōa ê kòng-hiàn. Chóng--sī, sui-jiân kóng Murakami tī 1933 nî tō chiong *Sin-káng Bûn-su* khan-hêng--chhut-lâi, hit pún chheh chhut-pán liáu-āu, soah chió lâng liâu-lo̍h-khì chò kái-tha̍k ê khang-khòe, it-poaⁿ mā lia̍h-chún bô kái-tha̍k ê hoat-tō͘. Chêng-kàu-taⁿ bat ū Murakami, Ogawa, Ong Ka-im téng-jîn chhì-tha̍k--kòe, kî-tiong Ong Ka-im sǹg bat siāng chē sû-lūi.\n\nKái-tha̍k Sin-káng-bûn-su ū 2 chióng pān-hoat. Chi̍t-ê sī lī-iōng hiān-chûn ê Sin-káng-oē sû-lūi chi̍p, chhin-chhiūⁿ *Vocabulary of the Formosan Language: Compiled from the Utrecht Manuscripts* chit hūn chu-liāu lóng-chóng khioh 1070 tiâu sû (Murakami ê tù-chok oân-á ū siu, jî-chhiáⁿ kah Eng-bûn soat-bêng). Lēng-gōa 1 hūn chu-liāu sī Chheng-tāi tē-hng-chì *Chu-lô-koān-chì* (諸羅縣志) tē-8-kńg \"Hong-sio̍k-chì, Hoan-sio̍k-khó, Hong-giân\" (風俗志‧番俗考‧方言), iok-lio̍k khioh 250 sû. Tē-2-pō͘ sī lī-iōng siang-gí tùi-chiò ê bûn-su kái-tha̍k; sui-bóng bô lóng sī ti̍t-e̍k ê oē-kù, iá-sī tha̍k-ū--tām-po̍h-á.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* Murakami Naojirô. 1933. *Sin-káng Bûn-su (Sinkan Manuscripts)*. Tâi-pak: Tâi-pak Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k Bûn-chèng-ha̍k-pō͘.\n* 胡家瑜, 2000, 古文書與平埔研究：臺大人類學系平埔古文書的蒐集與再現 [online]. Tâi-pak: Kok-ka Tô͘-si-koán Hàn-o̍h Gián-kiù Tiong-sim. [2004 nî 11 goe̍h 8 ín-iōng] .\n* 林沉默, 2003, 台南縣地方唸謠 [online]。Tâi-pak: Sin Tâi-oân Chiu-khan. [Tī 2004 nî 10-goe̍h 25 ín-iōng]. Archived 2004-05-15 at the Wayback Machine..\n* Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Pêⁿ-po͘ Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn-bāng, nd, a, 新港文書 [online]. Tâi-pak: Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Pêⁿ-po͘ Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn-bāng. [Tī 2004 nî 11-goe̍h 8 ín-iōng] Archived 2019-05-24 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Pêⁿ-po͘ Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn-bāng，nd, b，新港文書的來源 [online]. Tâi-pak: Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Pêⁿ-po͘ Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn-bāng. [Tī 2004 nî 10-goe̍h 25 ín-iōng]. Archived 2019-05-30 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Pêⁿ-po͘ Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn-bāng，nd, c，新港社與荷蘭教會 [online]. Tâi-pak: Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Pêⁿ-po͘ Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn-bāng. [Tī 2004 nî 11-goe̍h 8 ín-iōng]. Archived 2019-05-24 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Pêⁿ-po͘ Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn-bāng，nd, d，新港文書解說 [online]. Tâi-pak: Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Pêⁿ-po͘ Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn-bāng. [Tī 2004 nî 11-goe̍h 8 ín-iōng]. Archived 2019-05-24 at the Wayback Machine.\n\nIân-sin oa̍t-to̍k\n-----------------\n\n* 新港文書的收集、整理和解讀，李壬癸，中央研究院 (Hàn-gí)\n* 荷蘭統治之下的臺灣教會語言學---荷蘭語言政策與原住民識字能力的引進(1624~1662)，賀安娟，臺北文獻 : 頁81-119，1998 (Hàn-gí)\n* The theme: 荷蘭統治之下的臺灣教會語言學 (Hàn-gí)\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Sinckan Manuscripts*** |\n\n* Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Pêⁿ-po͘ Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn Bāng: Sin-káng-bûn-su Archived 2019-05-24 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Hô-lân thóng-tī chi-hā ê Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe Gí-giân-ha̍k Archived 2008-08-04 at the Wayback Machine. (Ann Heylen)","meta":{"title":"Sin-káng bûn-su","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2364,7357,0.32132662770150877],"infobox":["
    Sin-káng bûn-su
    \n
    Hàn-gí, Sin-káng-gí tùi-chiò ê bûn-su (1784)
    \n
    Original title\nHoan-á-khè
    Presented\n1683-nî - 1813-nî
    Location\nChú-iàu teh Tâi-lâm tē-tài, kah kî-thaⁿ ê Tâi-oân lâm-pō͘ tē-khu
    • Toh-hô͘-siā
    • Môa-tāu-siā
    • Tōa-bú-lâng-siā
    • Ē-tām-chúi-siā
    • Cattia-siā
    • Kî-thaⁿ tē-khu
    Commissioned by\nSiraya-cho̍k
    Author(s)\nSiraya-lîn kah pō͘-hūn Hàn-lîn
    Signatories\nSiraya-lîn kah Hàn-lîn
    Media type\nKó͘ bûn-su
    Subject\nKó͘ Siraya bûn-su kah gí-giân gián-kiù
    Purpose\nSiraya-gí gián-kiù kah ho̍k-heng
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7907}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Siuⁿ-si-á |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Fabales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Fabaceae |\n| A-kho: | Mimosoideae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Acacia* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***A. confusa*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Acacia confusa*** Merr. |\n|\n|\n|\n| Siâng-ì-miâ |\n| * *Acacia richii auct. non* A. Gray\n* *Racosperma confusum* ( Merr.) Leslie Pedley\n |\n| Siuⁿ-si-á se-thoàⁿ ê tē-kàiSiuⁿ-si-á se-thoàⁿ ê tē-kài |\n\n**Siuⁿ-si-á** (**相思仔**, 學科 Leguminosae 學名: *Acacia confusa*) sī Tâi-ôan chāi-tē ê gôan-seng chhiū-chéng, mā sī chá-kî chò hóe-thòaⁿ ê tiōng-iàu chhiū-á. Ē-tàng cha̍h hong koh m̄-kiaⁿ khó-hoāⁿ. Hio̍h-á ná sè-sè-á ê khau-to-hêng. Jo̍ah-tiⁿ 5-6 go̍eh--á ē khui-hoe, hoe sī n̂g-ê, ná hún-îⁿ-á tōa-sè, nā kàu khui-hoe ê kùi-chiat, tō kui châng lóng n̂g gìm-gìm, kiat-chí sī chhim ka-pi sek ê tāu-nge̍h-á, chhiú-chéng-thâu-á hiah tn̂g.\n\nGōa-pō-thâu ê liân-kiat\n-----------------------\n\n* Si̍t-bu̍t ê Tâi-oân-miâ: Siuⁿ-si-á[*biân-uán bô-hāu liân-kiat*]\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS)","meta":{"title":"Siuⁿ-si-á","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[407,881,0.4619750283768445],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1329}} -{"text":"\n**Tân-Chúi-píⁿ** (陳水扁; 1950 nî 10 goe̍h 12 ji̍t chhut-sì ), chêng Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chóng-thóng, Bîn-chìn-tóng chú-se̍k, Formosa Bûn-kàu Ki-kim-hōe táng-sū-tiúⁿ, Tâi-ôan Tâi-lâm-kōan Koaⁿ-tiân-hiong lâng. Tī Tâi-ôan, chin-chōe lâng lóng ài iōng Bân-lâm-ōe chhin-chhiat chheng-hō· i chòe \"A-píⁿ-à\" , Tâi-ôan ê mûi-thé kòan-sì kā tong-sî ê Bîn-chìn-tóng chèng-hú kiò-chòe \"Píⁿ Chèng-hú\". \n\nTân-Chúi-píⁿ sī Tâi-ôan tē-2 jīm bîn-sóan chóng-thóng, mā-sī tē-1 ê liân-jīm ê chóng-thóng, i tông-sî iū-koh sī thâu-chi̍t-ê Bîn-chìn-tóng che̍k ê chóng-thóng. Tī tong-kim ê kok-chè chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t tang-tiong, Tân-Chúi-píⁿ mā-sī 1-ê hàm-hàm hông cheng-gī ê lâng. Chin-chōe Tiong-kok-lâng phoe-phêng Tân-Chui-píⁿ bô-kò· Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k ê ap-le̍k, tōa-táⁿ chú-tiuⁿ Tâi-to̍k ê li̍p-tiûⁿ, án-ne hōan-sè ē chō-sêng kok-chè chhiong-thu̍t, mā-ū chin-chōe lâng phoe-phêng i sī \"āu-bú bīn \", hoah piàn to̍h piàn, kóng-ōe bô chún-sǹg, iū-koh khiàm-khoe si-chèng lêng-le̍k. ah m̄-koh, lēng-gōa 1 hong-bīn, mā-ū chin-chōe Tâi-ôan bîn-chiòng jīn-ûi i ûi-hō liáu Tâi-ôan ê \"bîn-chú chū-iû hoat-tī \", pó-hō· chú-kôan to̍k-li̍p put-siū chhim-hōan, o-ló í sī chhut-sì tī sàn-chhiah ê chng-kha ka-têng, óa-khò pún-sin ê hùn-tò·/tàu, chiâⁿ-chò chóng-thóng, chi-chhî i ê lâng kā i tòng-chòe Tâi-ôan-lâng ê kiau-ngō·.\n\nSiàu-liân sî-tāi\n----------------\n\nKong-gôan 1950-nî Tân-Chúi-píⁿ chhut-sì tī Tâi-lâm-kōan 1-ê sàn-chhiah ê lông-bîn ka-têng, in-ūi ka-kéng pin-hân, sī-tōa-lâng hôan-ló hōan-sè bô-hoat-tō· chhiâⁿ-ióng chit-ê gín-á, it-ti̍t kàu-kah A-piⁿ-à 2-hoe chiah chèng-sek khì sin-pò hō·-kháu. A-píⁿ-à chú sè-hàn kut-la̍t tha̍k-chheh, sī-tōa-lâng khiām-tng-neh-tō·, sìm-chí chong-chîⁿ kiong i tha̍k-chheh. In-ūi seng-chek chiâⁿ-hó, mā lâi tit-tio̍h Lông-hî-hōe ê chióng-ha̍k-kim, pang-chō· i ôan-sêng ha̍k-gia̍p. 1969-nî, ùi Tâi-lâm it-tiong pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, A-píⁿ-à khó-tiâu Tâi-ôan Tāi-ha̍k siong-ha̍k-hē, liáu-āu i tùi hoat-lu̍t kám-hèng-chhù, tī 1-nî āu koh-chài khó-ji̍p Tâi-tāi hoat-lu̍t-hē. 1973-nî, chāi-hāu 3-nî-kip ê Tân-Chúi-píⁿ iū-koh í tē-it miâ ê sêng-chek khó-tio̍h lu̍t-su ê chu-keh. Che i-āu, Tân-Chúi-píⁿiū-koh sian-āu chiâⁿ-chòe Hân-kok Khèng-lâm Tāi-ha̍k êng-ū phok-sū, Ngô-lô-su Keng-chè Ha̍k-īⁿ keng-chè-ha̍k êng-ū phok-sū.\n\nChèng-tī seng-gâi\n-----------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nBí-lē-tó piān-hō· lu̍t-su\n-------------------------\n\n1979 nî bí-lē-tó sū-kiāⁿ sī Tân-chúi-píⁿ kiâⁿ-ji̍p chèng-tôaⁿ ê khè-ki, hit-sî Tân-chúi-píⁿ sī sū-kiāⁿ tang-tiong pī-kò lu̍t-su-thôan ê sêng-ôan chi-it, hū-chek ūi chú-hōan N̂g sìn-kài piān-hō·, t！Chiong-chhu khai-sí chham-ka tòng-gōa ūn-tong. 1981-nî, Tân-Chúi-píⁿ chham-sóan Tâi-pak-chhī gī-ôan, ko phiò tòng-sóan. 1984-nî, Tân-Chúi-píⁿ tam-jīm chū-iû sî-tāi hē-lia̍t cha̍p-chì siā ê siā-tiúⁿ, cha̍p-chì siā ê kháu-hō sī \"cheng-chhú pah-hūn-chi-pah ê giân-lūn chū-iû \".\n\nKēng-sóan kong-chit\n-------------------\n\n1985-nî, Tân-Chúi-píⁿ sî-khì gī-ôan ê chit-bū, tò-tńg-khì Tâi-lâm tāi-piáu tóng-gōa jîn-sū kēng-sóan Tâi-lâm kōan-tiúⁿ, kiat-kó lok-sóan. Tī-leh siā-phiò ê hêng-têng tang-tiong, hu-jîn Ngô·-Siok-tin bô sè-jī khì hō· thih-gû-chhia lòng tio̍h-siong, chò-sêng i pòan-sin-put-sûi. 1986-nî, in-ūi hông-lâi-tó sū-kiāⁿ, Tân-Chúi-píⁿ siū-kàu KBT li̍p-ùi Pâng-Hō·-siông khòng-kò, kóng i húi-pōng, Tân pī phōaⁿ-hêng 8 go̍eh-ji̍t. siâng-nî, hu-jîn Ngô·-Siok-tin tong-sóan li̍p-úi. Chhut-ga̍k āu, Tân-Chúi-píⁿ kè-sio̍k chò lu̍t-su ê khang-khòe, pēng-chhiáⁿ tam-jīm Ngô·-Siok-tin ê kok-hōe chō·-lí. 1987-nî, Bîn-chìn-tóng sêng-li̍p liáu-āu, Tân-Chúi-píⁿ ji̍p-tòng pēng-chhiáⁿ tòng-sóan tiong-siông-úi. 1989-nî, Tân-Chúi-píⁿ tòng-sóan cheng-gia̍h li̍p-úi, chiâⁿ-chò BCT tòng-thôan kàn-sū-tiúⁿ. 1992-nî, Tân-Chúi-píⁿ sêng-kong liân-jīm li̍p-úi. \n\nChò li̍p-ūi ê sî-chūn, Tân-Chúi-píⁿ hō·-lâng jīn-ûi sī būn-chèng piáu-hiān siāng-hó ê 1-ê. Chham-ka li̍p-hoat-īⁿ kok-hông úi-ôan-hōe kî-kan, Tân chú-pian choān-siá *kok-hông chó·-chit chhó-àn*, pēng-chhiáⁿ kiat-lō· chhut kúi-nā chân kok-hông bú-pī-àn, ki-tiong pau-koat pī-siū kok-kài koan-chù ê \"la-hoat-ia̍p kun-kò· bú-pī-àn \". 1993-nî 7 go̍eh, Tân-Chúi-píⁿ hō· Bí-kok *sin-bûn chiu-khan* (*Newsweek*) phêng-sóan ûi Tâi-ôan kok-hōe hong-hûn jîn-bu̍t.\n\nTâi-pak chhī-tiúⁿ\n-----------------\n\n1994-nî, Tâi-pak chhī tē-it piàn kí-hêng chhī-tiúⁿ ti̍t-sóan. Tán-Chúi-píⁿ tāi-seng ap-kòe tóng-lāi ê tùi-chhiú Siā Tiông-têng, ti̍t-tio̍h BCT ê thê-miâ chham-sóan. In-ūi hit-sî KBT tú-tú hun-lia̍t, sin chó·-sêng ê Sin-tong thê-miâ Tiò Siàu-khong chham-sóan, hit-pêng KBT mā phài-chhut hāu-sóan-jîn Nn̂g-Tāi-chiu, chòe-āu tō-tì sóan-phiò hun-sòaⁿ, kàn-chiap pang-chō· BCT ê Tân-Chúi-píⁿ sêng-kong tòng-sóan. chit-pái sóan-kú kî-kan, chin-chōe iú-koan KBT chú-se̍k Lí-Teng-hui àm-tiong siong-chō· Tân-Chúi-píⁿ ê thôan-bûn mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ū thiaⁿ--tio̍h. \n\nTân-Chúi-píⁿ chāi-jīm chhī-tiúⁿ tiong-kan, ū-lâng páu-chiáng, ū-lâng khì-hiâm. O-ló ê lâng kóng i chhin-kin bîn-chiok, thui-tōng chin-choe hāng chhī-chèng kiàn-siat, pau-koat chia̍t-ūn, hā-chúi-tō tī-lí téng-téng, iau-koh tiōng-tiám sàu-tû sek-chêng hâng-gia̍p, sī-chèng bóan-ì-tō· ta̍t-kàu 76%. Ah m̄-koh mā ū-lâng kong i chò liáu bô-kàu. 1998-nî Tân-Chúi-píⁿ kèng-cheng liân-jīm, cho-siū tio̍h KBT hāu-sóan-jîn Má Eng-kiú ê kiông-le̍k thiáu-chiàn, chòe-āu liân-jīm sit-pāi.\n\nKiâⁿ-hiàng chóng-thóng-hú\n-------------------------\n\nKēng-sóan chhī-tiúⁿ sit-lī kòe-āu, 1999-nî Tân-Chúi-píⁿ sóan-te̍k chhut-kok bôa-liān, chù-sim ha̍p-si̍p gōa-kok ê keng-giān kah su-sióng. I koat-tēng beh chiong gán-kong khǹg-tiàm 2000-nî Tâi-ôan chóng-thóng tāi-sóan. Khí-chhù seng-phah tē-ki, Tân-Chúi-píⁿ lī-iōng chit-tōaⁿ sî-kan kiâⁿ-thàng chôan Tâi-ôan 309-ê hiuⁿ-tìn, ūi kim-āu si-chèng phah ki-chhó·. Siâng-chi̍t-nî 7 go̍eh, Tân-Chúi-píⁿ tit-tio̍h BCT thê-miâ ûi chóng-thóng hāu-sóan-jîn. \n\nTân-Chúi-píⁿ chham-khó Eng-kok ê kái-kek mô-sek, thê-chhut sin tiong-kan lō·-sòaⁿ, chò-ûi sóan-kú ê tiong-sim su-sióng. sóan-kí kî-kan, Tâi-ôan mûi-thé kong-chok jîn-ôan Ô·-Tiong-sìn chhut-pan 1-pún miâ hō-chò *Tâi-ôan chi-chú* ê chheh, siông-sè kài-siāu Tân-Chúi-píⁿ ê jîn-seng le̍k-thêng, che ūi i lō·-bóe sūn-lī tòng-sóan thê-kiong bōe-chió ê pang-chō·, hō· i tit-tio̍h koh-khah chōe ê chi-chhî. Tī chit-pún chheh lāi-tē, Tan-Chúi-píⁿ mā siông-sè soat-bêng liáu i kò-jîn ê chèng-tī li̍p-tiûⁿ kah i tùi Tâi-ôan bī-lâi hoat-tián ê koan-tiám. \n\nKong-gôan 2000-nî, in-ūi KBT ê tē-jī chhù hun-lia̍t, Chhin-bîn-tòng ê chú-sek Sòng-Chhó·-jû pho̍ah-lo̍h heng-phiò-àn sū-kiāⁿ, chòe-āu Tân-Chúi-píⁿ chiàm-tio̍h pân-gî, kan-nā 33.9% ê tit-phiò-lu̍t hō· i sūn-lī tòng-sóan chóng-thóng, si̍t-hiān Tâi-ôan le̍k-sú siōng thâu-chi̍t-pái chèng-tóng lûn-thè. Tī chit-piàn ê sóan-kú tang-tiong, kāng-khóan ū lâng hong-siaⁿ kóng sī Lí-Teng-hui tī-leh àm-tiong siong-chō· Tân-Chúi-píⁿ.\n\nChóng-thóng seng-gâi\n--------------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nChhèng-kek sū-kiāⁿ\n------------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n**Chen's aboriginal names**\n\n* Amis: **Mahengheng** (invincible warrior)\n* Atayal: **Qebuta** (leader to paradise)\n* Bunun: **Kavaslavian** (warrior advancing welfare)\n* Kavalan: **Padada-mes**\n* Paiwan: **Tanuvak** (defending warrior)\n* Puyuma: **Kelalaw** (courageous warrior)\n* Rukai: **Pacak** (supreme leader)\n* Saisiat: **Kalahayta-in** (supernatural master)\n* Tao: **Simagalelaw**\n* Taroko: **Watan-rulung** (courageous warrior)\n* Thao: **Yaminasaw** (one of us)\n* Tsou: **Avay** (courageous warrior)\n\n(Source: Taipei Times ; Henry Tan-Teⁿ Archived 2005-10-28 at the Wayback Machine.)\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Human Rights Action Center - Free Chen Shui-Bian\n* 台灣總統府：總統介紹\n* 阿扁電子報\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| **Tân Chúi-píⁿ** |\n| koaⁿ-liâu |\n| Chiap-sio̍kN̂g Tāi-chiu | **Tâi-pak-chhī chhī-tiúⁿ**1994 nî–1998 nî | Kè-sio̍kMá Eng-kiú |\n| Chiap-sio̍kLí Teng-hui | **Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chóng-thóng**2000 nî–2008 nî |\n| chèng-tóng chit-bū |\n| Chiap-sio̍kSiā Tiông-têng | **Bîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng tóng-chú-se̍k**2002–2004 | Kè-sio̍kKoa Kiàn-bêng(tāi-lí) |\n| Chiap-sio̍kChhòa Tông-êng(tāi-lí) | **Bîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng tóng-chú-se̍k**2007–2008 | Kè-sio̍kSiā Tiông-têng(tāi-lí) |\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chóng-thóng |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chóng-thóng ê kî-á | \n* Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k\n* *Lí Chong-jîn (tāi-lí)*\n* Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k\n* Giâm Ka-kàm\n* Chiúⁿ Keng-kok\n* Lí Teng-hui\n* Tân Chúi-píⁿ\n* Má Eng-kiú\n* Chhoà Eng-bûn\n* Loā Chheng-tek (hāu-jīm)\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nBîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng chú-se̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chú-se̍k | Kang Pêng-kian **·** Iâu Ka-bûn **·** N̂g Sìn-kài **·** Khó͘ Sìn-liông **·** Si Bêng-tek (tāi-lí) **·** Si Bêng-tek **·** Tiuⁿ Chùn-hông (tāi-lí) **·** Khó͘ Sìn-liông (2 kài) **·** Lîm Gī-hiông **·** Siā Tiông-têng **·** Tân Chúi-píⁿ **·** Koa Kiàn-bêng (tāi-lí) **·** So͘ Cheng-chhiong **·** Lū Siù-liân (tāi-lí) **·** Iû Sek-khun **·** Chhòa Tông-êng (tāi-lí) **·** Tân Chúi-píⁿ (2 kài) **·** Siā Tiông-têng (tāi-lí) **·** Chhòa Eng-bûn **·** Tân Kiok (tāi-lí) **·** So͘ Cheng-chhiong (2 kài) **·** Chhòa Eng-bûn (2 kài) **·** Lîm Iū-chhiong (tāi-lí) **·** Toh Êng-thài **·** Chhòa Eng-bûn (3 kài) **·** Tân Kî-māi (tāi-lí) **·** Lōa Chheng-tek |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-pak-chhī Chhī-tiúⁿ |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi | \n* Mutô Singorô\n* Ôta Goiti\n* Tabata Kôzaburô\n* Masuda Hidekiti\n* Utumi Tyûzi\n* Nisizawa Gityô\n* Matuoka Kazue\n* Isii Tatui\n* Kihara Enzi\n* Huzimura Kanta\n* Hirotani Tiin\n* Doi Yosimizu\n\n | |\n| |\n| Séng-hat-chhī sî-tāi | \n* N̂g Tiâu-khîm\n* Iû Mí-kian\n* Gô͘ Sam-liân\n* Hāng Chhiong-koân (tāi-lí)\n* Gô͘ Sam-liân\n* Ko Gio̍k-sū\n* N̂g Khé-sūi\n* Chiu Pek-liān (tāi-lí)\n* N̂g Khé-sūi\n* Ko Gio̍k-sū\n\n |\n| |\n| Īⁿ-hat-chhī sî-tāi | \n* Ko Gio̍k-sū\n* Tiuⁿ Hong-sū\n* Lîm Iûⁿ-káng\n* Lí Teng-hui\n* Siāu Un-sin\n* Iûⁿ Kim-chhông\n* Khó͘ Chúi-tek\n* Gô͘ Pek-hiông\n* N̂g Tāi-chiu\n\n |\n| |\n| Ti̍t-hat-chhī sî-tāi | \n* Tân Chúi-píⁿ\n* Má Eng-kiú\n* Hok Liông-pin\n* Koa Bûn-tiat\n* Chiúⁿ Bān-an\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nFlag of the Republic of China Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok bîn-soán ê Ti̍t-hat-chhī Chhī-tiúⁿ |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Tâi-pak-chhī | \n* Tân Chúi-píⁿ\n* Má Eng-kiú\n* Hok Liông-pin\n* Koa Bûn-tiat\n* Chiúⁿ Bān-an\n\n |\n| |\n| Sin-pak-chhī‎ | \n* Chu Li̍p-lûn\n* Hâu Iú-gî\n\n |\n| |\n| Thô-hn̂g-chhī | \n* Tēⁿ Bûn-chhàn\n* Tiuⁿ Siān-chèng\n\n |\n| |\n| Tâi-tiong-chhī | \n* Ô͘ Chì-kiông\n* Lîm Ka-liông\n* Lô͘ Siù-iàn\n\n |\n| |\n| Tâi-lâm-chhī | \n* Lōa Chheng-tek\n* N̂g Úi-tiat\n\n |\n| |\n| Ko-hiông-chhī | \n* Ngô͘ Tun-gī\n* Siā Tiông-têng\n* Tân Kiok\n* Hân Kok-jû\n* Tân Kî-māi\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 52616952\n* LCCN: n86020117\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 1444 1016\n* GND: 124209947\n* SUDOC: 067353908\n* BNF: cb17126176p (data)\n* BIBSYS: 1678650010603\n* NLA: 36644606\n* NDL: 00809457\n* NKC: jn20010525297\n* CiNii: DA14178452\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tân Chúi-píⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3646,10683,0.34128989984086866],"infobox":["\n
    Tân Chúi-píⁿ
    \n陳水扁
    \n
    Tē 10, 11 jīm Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chóng-thóng
    \nJīm-kî
    2000 nî 5 goe̍h 20 ji̍t – 2008 nî 5 goe̍h 20 ji̍t
    Hù chóng-thóng\nLū Siù-liân
    Chêng-jīm\nLí Teng-hui
    Kè-jīm\nMá Eng-kiú
    Tē 9, 12 jīm Bîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng tóng-chú-se̍k
    \nJīm-kî
    2007 nî 10 goe̍h 15 ji̍t – 2008 nî 1 goe̍h 12 ji̍t
    Chêng-jīm\nIû Sek-khun
    Kè-jīm\nChhòa Eng-bûn
    \nJīm-kî
    2002 nî 7 goe̍h 21 ji̍t – 2004 nî 12 goe̍h 11 ji̍t
    Chêng-jīm\nSiā Tiông-têng
    Kè-jīm\nSo͘ Cheng-chhiong
    Tâi-pak-chhī Chhī-tiúⁿ
    \nJīm-kî
    1994 nî 12 goe̍h 25 ji̍t – 1998 nî 12 goe̍h 25 ji̍t
    Chêng-jīm\nN̂g Tāi-chiu
    Kè-jīm\nMá Eng-kiú
    Kò-jîn chu-sìn
    Chhut-sì\n1950 nî 10 goe̍h 12 ji̍t （1950-10-12）(73 hòe)
    \"\" Tâi-oân Tâi-lâm-koān Koaⁿ-tiān-hiong
    Chèng-tóng\nBîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng (1988-2008, 2013-2019)
    Chi̍t-pêng chi̍t-kok Hêng-tōng Tóng (2019-2020)
    Bú-hāu\nKok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k
    Chhiam-miâ\n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":12706}} -{"text":"\n**Siōng-hái-chhī** (上海市), kán-chheng **Hō͘** (滬), pia̍t-chheng **Sin** (申), Tiong-kok siōng tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī, tiàm-tī Tiong-kok tang-pō͘ iân-hái, Tiông-kang chhut-hái-kháu ê lâm-sì. Siōng-hái sī Tiong-kok chèng-hú tiong-iong ti̍t-hat-chhī, sī hiān-chú-sî Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k keng-chè siāng-kài hoat-ta̍t ê só͘-chāi.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nSiōng-hái-chhī ê tē-lí chō-piau sī pak-úi 31°14′, tang-keng 121°29′, tú-hó tī Tiong-kok lâm-pak hái-hōaⁿ-sòaⁿ ê pòaⁿ-tiong-tn̂g, i ê tang-pêng óa Tang-hái, lâm—sì Hâng-chiu-oan, sai-pêng hām Kang-so·-séng, Chiat-kang-séng sio-chiap, pak-pêng Tiông-kang lo̍h-hái-kháu. \nChôan-chhī chóng bīn-chek 2,648.6 k㎡. Ha̍t-khu lāi ū chi̍t-ê Tiong-kok tē-3 tōa ê tó-sū, hō-chòe Chông-bêng-tó (崇明島), bīn-chek 1041 k㎡.\nSiōng-hái-chhī ê khì-hāu sio̍k-î a-jiât-tài kùi-hong khì-hāu, m̄-nā sio-lō, jî-chhiáⁿ iū-koh tâm-sip. Chit-tah sù-kùi bêng-hián, chhut-ji̍t ê sî-kan tn̂g, hō͘-chúi mā chiâⁿ chhiong-chiok. Chhun, chhiu 2 kùi khah té; tang, hē 2 kùi khah tn̂g. Hō͘-chúi-kî chú-iàu chi̍p-tiong tī chhun-chúi-poe-hō͘ (chhun-chúi-hîⁿ-hō͘ / 春雨) , bông-chéng-hō͘ (梅雨) kah chhiu-hō͘ (秋雨) chit 3 ê sî-kan-tōaⁿ.\n\nHêng-chèng khu-e̍k\n------------------\n\nSiōng-hái-chhī lóng-chóng 16 ê chhī-ha̍t-khu.\n\n* Bín-hâng-khu (閔行區)\n* Chēng-an-khu (靜安區)\n* Chheng-phó͘-khu (青浦區)\n* Chông-bêng-khu (崇明區)\n* Hōng-hiân-khu (奉賢區)\n* Hông-kháu-khu (虹口區)\n* Hông-phó͘-khu (黃浦區)\n* Iông-phó͘-khu (楊浦區)\n* Ka-tēng-khu (嘉定區)\n* Kim-san-khu (金山區)\n* Phó͘-tô-khu (普陀區)\n* Phó͘-tong Sin-khu (浦東新區)\n* Pó-san-khu (寶山區)\n* Siông-kang-khu (松江區)\n* Chhî-hoē-khu (徐匯區)\n* Tiông-lêng-khu (長寧區)\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSiōng-hái sī le̍k-sú bûn-hòa bêng-siâⁿ, thiaⁿ-í-kóng 6,000 gōa nî chêng to̍h ū jîn-lūi seng-o̍ah tī chia. \nAh nā chin-chiàⁿ ū siâng-sè le̍k-sú kì-chài, sī ùi Tông-tiâu khai-sí. It-ti̍t kàu-kah Tē-it-chhù A-phiàn Chiàn-cheng chìn-chêng, Siāng-hái lóng-sī sio̍k-î Kang-so͘-séng ê ha̍t-khu hōan-ûi. Che í-āu, Siāng-hái chiâⁿ-chòe Chheng-tiâu Ngó·-kháu thong-siong ê kî-tiong chi̍t-ê káng-kháu, sī gōa-kài chhut-ji̍p Tiong-kok lāi-lio̍k ê tiōng-iàu thong-tō. Kàu-kah 20 sè-kí jī, saⁿ cha̍p nî-tāi ê sî-chūn, Siōng-hái to̍h í-keng chiâⁿ-chòe Óan-tang tē-it tōa ê tō͘-chhī kah kim-iông tiong-sim.\n\n1949 nî í-āu, tōa-to-sò͘ ê châi-thôan ùi Siōng-hái poaⁿ-khì Hiong-kang. Sui-bóng sī án-ne, hit-sî ê Siāng-hái iu-gôan sī Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k ê kang-gia̍p tiong-sim. Bûn-hòa tāi kek-bēng ê sî-chūn, Siāng-hái sī sì-lâng-pang siāng tiāng-iàu ê kin-kì-tē.\n\n20 sè-kí 80 nî-tāi bóe-kî, Tēng Siáu-pêng chīuⁿ-tâi, Tiong-kok ho̍ah-ji̍p kái-kek khai-hòng ê nî-tāi. Chhú-khì, Siāng-hái chit-ê kok-ka keng-chè tiong-sim, i ê tē-ūi put-tōan siū-tio̍h lâm-hng kài chōe siâⁿ-chhī ê thiáu-chiàn, te̍k-pia̍t sī 5 ê keng-chè te̍k-khu. Put-jî-kò, 90 nî-tāi í-āu, Siāng-hái ê keng-chè hoat-tián chiâⁿ kín, chiah koh khak-pó tio̍h i tī Tiong-kok keng-chè, kim-iông kah bō͘-e̍k chit 3 ê tiōng-iàu léng-he̍k ê tiong-sim tē-ūi. 1993 nî Phó·-tang-khu ê khai-hoat, koh-khah sī ka-sok siâⁿ-chhī hoat-tián ê sok-tō͘. Bo̍k-chiân ê Siāng-hái, múi-tang ê **lâng pêng-kun GDP** pó-chhî tio̍h chhiau-kòe 10% ê sok-tō͘ tī-leh cheng-tióng.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nHiān-chú-sî, Siāng-hái sī Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k keng-chè siōng hoat-ta̍t ê siâⁿ-chhī. Chām-chí 2003 nî, Siāng-hái-chhī lâng pêng-kun GDP chiong-kin 5700 kho· Bí-kim, jî-chhiáⁿ sio-liân-sòa chiâⁿ-cha̍p-nî pêng-kun keng-chè cheng-tióng chhiau-kòe 10%. Bo̍k-chiân Siāng-hái-chhī ê keng-chè kiat-kò· í tē-saⁿ sán-gia̍p ( ho̍k-bū-gia̍p ) ûi chú, kî-tiong siōng tiōng-iàu—ê sán-gia̍p pau-koah kim-iông gia̍p, pâng-tē-sán gia̍p, pó-hiám gia̍p kah ūn-su gia̍p. Phó͘-tang Sin-khu sī Siōng-hái sin—ê kim-iông tiong-sim, chôan-kiû 500 kiông khì-gia̍p tang-tiong, ū khah-ke chi̍t-pòaⁿ ê khì-gia̍p tī chia siat-li̍p hun kong-si a̍h-sī pān-su-chhù.\n\nSiōng-hái ê kang-gia̍p ôan-á chiâⁿ hoat-ta̍t, kang-gia̍p chóng sán-ta̍t chiàm kàu chôan-kok ê 1 siâⁿ khah-ke. Siāng-hái ê kang-gia̍p siōng-kài chú-iàu—ê sī pháng-chit, tāng-kang-gia̍p, iá-kim (冶金), se̍k-iû hòa-kang (石油化工), ki-hâi (機械) kah tiān-chú kang-gia̍p.\n\nChe i-gōa, iáu-koh ū khì-chhia, hâng-khong, hâng-thian chiah-ê kang-gia̍p sêng-hūn.\n\nSiāng-hái-chhī, lông-gia̍p ê pí-lē chiâⁿ sè, tāi-iok kan-na chiàm keng-chè chóng-gia̍h ê 1.7% niā-niā.\n\nSiāng-hái-káng sī se-Thài-pêng-iûⁿ tē-khu siōng-kài hôan-bâng ê káng-kháu chit-it, káng-kháu ê thun-thò·-liōng liōng-kî-iok chiàm kàu chôan-kok chóng-gia̍h ê 1/3, bo̍k-chiân tng-leh kiàn-siat ê tōa-hêng chhim-chúi-káng ( miâ hō·-chòe Iûⁿ-soaⁿ-káng ), múi-chi̍t-nî, siat-kè ê chi̍p-chong-siuⁿ thun-thò͘-liōng ē-tàng ta̍t-kàu 1,500 bān phiau-siuⁿ.\n\n1999 nî kah 2001 nî, Siāng-hái bat sêng-kong kú-pān kòe Châi-hù Chôan-kiû Lūn-tôaⁿ kah APEC (A-Thài Keng-ha̍p Chó͘-chit ) chit 2 tiûⁿ sēng-hōe. Chiong-lâi, Siōng-hái koh beh kú-pān Sè-kài Phok-lám-hōe ( 2010 nî ).\n\nJîn-kháu chu-liāu\n-----------------\n\nKàu-kah 2003 nî, Siōng-hái chôan-chhī ê siông-chū jîn-kháu tāi-iok 1,711 bān lâng, jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ sī 2116 lâng/k㎡.\n\nSiōng-hái sī chôan-kok tē-it ê chhut-hiān jîn-kháu chū-jiân piàn-tōng hù-cheng-tióng ê séng-kip hêng-chèng-khu, jîn-kháu chū-jiân cheng-tióng-lu̍t ùi 1993 nî khai-sí to̍h chhut-hiān hù-cheng-tióng. 2003 nî, chôan-chhī hō͘-che̍k jîn-kháu chhut-seng-lu̍t sī 4.3‰, sī-bông-lu̍t sī 7.6‰, chū-jiân cheng-tióng-lu̍t sī -3.3‰.\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\nSiōng-hái-chhī sī kok-ka le̍k-sú bûn-hòa bêng-siâⁿ, chôan-chhī lóng-chóng ū 16 ê chôan-kok tiōng-tiàm bûn-bu̍t pó-hō· tan-ūi.\n\nSiōng-hái chāi-tē ê bûn-hòa, hō͘ lâng kiò-chòe \"hái-phái bûn-hòa \", te̍k-sek sī kā Kang-Chiat ê thôan-thóng bûn-hòa kah kū Siāng-hái ê Au-Bí liû-hêng bûn-hòa chong-ha̍p chò-chi̍t-ē, hêng-sêng kài te̍k-pia̍t, kài sî-kiâⁿ ê hong-keh. Hiān-chú-sî ê Siōng-hái, mā ē-sái kóng sī chôan Tiong-kok siōng-kài pâi-chí, siōng-kài gōa-khùi ê siâⁿ-chhī.\n\nKeng-chè hoat-tián mā tài-tāng bûn-hòa chìn-pō͘, kūn nî lâi, Siāng-hái-chhī kú-pān liáu chin chōe tōa-hêng ê kok-chè bûn-hòa o̍ah-tōng. Siāng-hái ū kúi-nā ūi kok-lāi siāng chán ê bûn-hoat tiûⁿ-só͘, pí-lūn kóng: \n\n* Siōng-hái Tōa Kio̍k-īⁿ\n* Siōng-hái Phok-bu̍t-kóan\n* Siōng-hái Tô·-su-kóan\n* Siōng-hái Iáⁿ-sī-siâⁿ\n* Siāng-hái Im-ga̍k-thiaⁿ\n\nSiāng-hái ê kó͘ kiàn-tiok ôan-á chin ū te̍k-sek, tōa-to-sò· ê hoan-á-lâu pó-liû tio̍h 20 sè-kí chho·-kî se-iûⁿ kiàn-tiok ê hong-keh, iû-kî sī tī Siōng-hái Gōa-thoaⁿ (上海外灘) ê hit-phiàn **lâu-á-chhù**, tn̂g-kî hō͘ lâng khòaⁿ-chò sī Siāng-hái ê phiau-chì.\n\nLú-iû\n-----\n\n* Múi chi̍t tang hioh-jo̍ah ê sî-chūn (tāi-iok tī sin-le̍k 9--ge̍h ~ 10—ge̍h ), Siāng-hái-chhī lóng ài kú-pān kok-chè lú-iû-chiat, sî-kan sī 1 go̍eh-ji̍t kú. Chhiáⁿ chham-khó **Siōng-hái Kok-chè Lú-iû-cheh** ê bāng-chām.\n* 2004 nî, Siōng-hái bat kú-pān **Formula One (F1)** tōa-chióng-sài Tiong-kok chām ê pí-sài, khip-ín tio̍h chiâⁿ-cha̍p-bān kok-lāi-gōa ê pêng-iú lâi chia khòaⁿ pí-sài.\n\n2005 nî kàu-kah 2008 nî, Siāng-hái koh beh sio-liân-sòa kú-pān 3 kài ê **tāi-su-poe** bāng-kiû kong-khai-sài, múi nî 1 kài.\n\nThé-io̍k lú-iû, taⁿ í-keng chiâⁿ-chòe Siāng-hái-chhī ê chiau-pâi sán-gia̍p.\n\n### Chhut-miâ ê kéng-tiám\n\n* Siāng-hái Gōa-thoaⁿ (上海外灘)\n* Lâm-kiaⁿ-lō͘ pō͘-hêng-koe (南京路步行街)\n* Sù-chhoan-pak-lō͘ siong-gia̍p-koe (四川北路商業街)\n* Lâm-kiaⁿ se-lō͘ siong-gia̍p-koe (南京西路商業街)\n* Sêng-hông-biō (城隍廟)\n* Lio̍k-ka-chhùi kim-iông-khu (陸家嘴金融區)\n\t+ Tang-hong-bêng-chu tiān-sī-thah (東方明珠電視塔)\n\t+ Siōng-hái Sè-kí Kong-hn̂g (上海世紀公園)\n\nKo-téng īⁿ-hāu\n--------------\n\nSiōng-hái-chhī taⁿ ū 800 gōa keng kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-só͘, 55 bān gōa kho-gián jîn-ôan. Chhut-miâ ê tāi-ha̍k īⁿ-hāu chin-chiàⁿ sī chē kah that-tó-ke. Khah chú-ià—ê sī:\n\n* Hok-tàn Tāi-ha̍k (復旦大學)\n* Siōng-hái Kau-thong Tāi-ha̍k (上海交通大學)\n* Tông-chè Tāi-ha̍k (同濟大學)\n* Hôa-tang Lí-kang Tāi-ha̍k (華東理工大學)\n* Hôa-tong Tāi-ha̍k (東華大學)\n* Siōng-hái Gōa-kok-gú Tāi-ha̍k (上海外國語大學)\n* Siāng-hái Châi-keng Tāi-ha̍k (上海財經大學)\n* Siōng-hái Tāi-ha̍k(上海大學)\n* Siōng-hái Lí-kang Tāi-ha̍k (上海理工大學)\n* Siōng-hái Kang-thêng-ki-sut Tāi-ha̍k (上海工程技術大學)\n* Siōng-hái Chúi-sán Tāi-ha̍k (上海水產大學)\n* Siāng-hái Tē-jī I-kho Tāi-ha̍k (上海第二醫科大學)\n* Siāng-hái Tiong-i-io̍h Tāi-ha̍k (上海中醫藥大學)\n* Siāng-hái Su-hōan Tāi-ha̍k (上海師範大學)\n* Siāng-hái Hái-sū Tāi-ha̍k (上海海事大學)\n* Siāng-hái Tiān-le̍k Ha̍k-īⁿ (上海電力學院)\n\nSiōng-hái-lâng\n--------------\n\n* Tiuⁿ Ài-lêng (張愛玲)\n* Ńg Lêng-gio̍k (阮玲玉)\n* Chîⁿ kî-thim (錢其琛)\n* Sun Bûn (孫雯)\n* Iâu Bêng (姚明)\n* Lâu Siâng (劉翔)\n* Pa Kim (巴金)\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Shanghai*** |\n\n* dự đoán bóng đá net Archived 2023-03-05 at the Wayback Machine.\n* bóng đá xin[*biân-uán bô-hāu liân-kiat*]\n* Siōng-hái-chhī chèng-hú bāng-chām\n* 2010 Siōng-hái Sè-phok-hōe Archived 2004-08-02 at the Wayback Machine.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê it-kip hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Ti̍t-hat-chhī | Pak-kiaⁿ  **·** Siōng-hái  **·** Thian-chin  **·** Tiông-khèng | Tiong-kok |\n| |\n| Séng | An-hui  **·** Chheng-hái  **·** Chiat-kang  **·** Hái-lâm  **·** Hek-liông-kang  **·** Hok-kiàn  **·** Hô-lâm  **·** Hô-pak  **·** Hûn-lâm  **·** Kam-siok  **·** Kang-sai  **·** Kang-so͘  **·** Kiat-lîm  **·** Kńg-tang  **·** Kùi-chiu  **·** Liâu-lêng  **·** Ô͘-lâm  **·** Ô͘-pak  **·** Siám-sai  **·** Soaⁿ-sai  **·** Soaⁿ-tang  **·** Sù-chhoan  **·** *Tâi-oân (bô si̍t-chè thóng-tī)* |\n| |\n| Chū-tī-khu | Lāi-bông-kó͘  **·** Kńg-sai  **·** Lêng-hā  **·** Se-chōng  **·** Sin-kiong |\n| |\n| Te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu | Hiong-káng  **·** Ò-mn̂g |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Siōng-hái-chhī ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chhī-hat-khu | Bín-hâng-khu **·** Chēng-an-khu **·** Chheng-phó͘-khu **·** Chông-bêng-khu **·** Hōng-hiân-khu **·** Hông-kháu-khu **·** Hông-phó͘-khu **·** Iông-phó͘-khu **·** Ka-tēng-khu **·** Kim-san-khu **·** Phó͘-tô-khu **·** Phó͘-tong Sin-khu **·** Pó-san-khu **·** Siông-kang-khu **·** Chhî-hoē-khu **·** Tiông-lêng-khu | Siōng-hái |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê tiōng-iàu siâⁿ-chhī |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Ti̍t-hat-chhī | Pak-kiaⁿ · Siōng-hái · Thian-chin · Tiông-khèng |\n| |\n| Hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī | Bú-hàn · Chè-lâm · Chheng-tó · Chhim-chùn · Ē-mn̂g · Hâng-chiu · Hah-ní-pin · Kńg-chiu · Lâm-kiaⁿ · Lêng-pho · Se-an · Sêng-to͘ · Sím-iông · Tāi-liân · Tiông-chhun |\n| |\n| Séng-to͘ | Chio̍h-ka-chng · Gîn-chhoan · Hái-kháu · Ha̍p-pûi · Hohhot · Hok-chiu · Khun-bêng · Kùi-iông · Lâm-chhiong · Lâm-lêng · Lân-chiu · Lhasa-chhī · Se-lêng · Tēⁿ-chiu · Thài-goân · Tn̂g-soa · Ürümqi |\n| |\n| Te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu | Hiong-káng · Ò-mn̂g |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 159059201\n* LCCN: n79063254\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2353 7626\n* GND: 4052066-3\n* SUDOC: 033046212\n* BNF: cb12395234w (data)\n* BIBSYS: 6047263\n* NLA: 36596996\n* NDL: 00637341\n* NKC: ge134625\n* BNE: XX458435\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Siōng-hái-chhī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[4377,10626,0.411914172783738],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Siōng-hái-chhī
    —  Ti̍t-hat-chhī  —
    上海市
    \n\"Siōng-hái-chhī\"
    Siōng-hái-chhī
    \n
    \"Siōng-hái-chhī
    Siōng-hái-chhī ê ūi-tì ê uī-tì
    Siōng-hái-chhī ê ūi-tì\n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 31°13′43″N 121°28′29″E / 31.22861°N 121.47472°E / 31.22861; 121.47472
    Kok-ka\n \"\" Tiong-kok\n
    Chèng-hú só͘-chāiHông-phó͘-khu
    Bīn-chek
     - Lóng-chóng\n\t\t6,340.5 km2
    Jîn-kháu (2015)
     - Lóng-chóng24,152,700 lâng
     - Bi̍t-tō͘\n3,800/km2
    Sî-khuTiong-kok Piau-chún Sî-khu (UTC+8)\n\t
    Bāng-chāmwww.shanghai.gov.cn
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":12641}} -{"text":" \n**Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng kun hái-kun tsiâm-tíng ha̍k-īnn** (hàn-gú: 中國人民解放軍海軍潛艇學院), kán-tshing **Hái-kun tsiâm-tíng ha̍k-īnn**, hi̍k-tsiá **Tshing-tó hái-kun tsiâm-tíng ha̍k-īnn**. Hái-kun tsiâm-tíng ha̍k-īnn ê pún-pōo khiā tī Tiong-kok Suann-tong síng Tshing-tó tshī, lē-sio̍k Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng kun hái-kun, uî kun-sū ko-tíng ê kàu-io̍k īnn-hāu.\n\nÊn-kik\n------\n\n### Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng kun hái-kun tsiâm-suí-tíng ha̍k-hāu\n\n1953-nî 3-gue̍h 20-ji̍t, Tiong-iong kun-uí bīng-līng í guân tshuan-pak kun-khu líng-tō ki-kuan, Lú-sūn tsiâm-tíng ha̍k-si̍p tuī uî ki-tshóo, tsoo-kiàn Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng kun tē-4 hái-kun ha̍k-hāu. Ha̍k-hāu-tiúnn Hù Kè-ti̍k (傅繼澤), tsìng-tī uí-uân Ông Hun (王昕). Tsù Tshing-tó tshī Ting-tsiu lōo 77-hō, 8-gue̍h 13-ji̍t tsìng-sik tsoo-kiàn. 1954-nî 9-gue̍h 20-ji̍t tshian-suá tsì Phû -san sóo hù-kīn ê Tiám-liû kàn lōo (湛流幹路) 23-hō (tsit-má ê Suann-tang lōo 10-hō). 1956年-nî khai-pān pún-kho kàu-io̍k. 1957-nî 9-gue̍h 23-ji̍t, king Tiong-kok kok-hông-pōo phue-hok (批覆), tē-4 hái-kun ha̍k-hāu kái-tshing Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng kun hái-kun tsiâm-suí-tíng ha̍k-hāu (中國人民解放軍海軍潛水艇學校). Tsip-hîng su-kip kuân-hān. 1969-nî 2-gue̍h 29-ji̍t, kin-kì Tiong-iong kun-uí kuan-î kun-tuī īnn-hāu tiâu-tsíng hong-àn (軍隊院校調整方案), thiat-siau Hái-kun tsiâm-suí-tíng ha̍k-hāu (海軍潛水艇學校).\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 \"青岛市志 军事志 第一篇 驻军与军事机构 第四章 人民军队 第六节 军事院校\". 山东省情网. goân-loē-iông tī 2020-11-05 hőng khó͘-pih. 2017-06-10 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"上世纪50年代，潜水艇学校是这样在青岛从无到有的\". 青岛日报 齐鲁网. 2017-07-22. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2018-09-25. 2018-09-24 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"军校巡礼第十站：海军潜艇学院（附报考指南）\". 中国军网. 2017-06-08. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2020-11-05. 2017-06-09 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Jianggezhuang Naval Base\n* Basic Enlisted Submarine School\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 中国人民解放军海军潜艇学院","meta":{"title":"Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng kun hái-kun chiâm-téng ha̍k-īⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[720,2085,0.34532374100719426],"infobox":["
    Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng kun hái-kun tsiâm-tíng ha̍k-īnn
    \n
    中國人民解放軍海軍潛艇學院
    Lūi-pia̍t\nKun-sū ko-hāu
    Khí-chō\n1973-nî
    Address\n
    \"\" Tiong-kok Suann-tang síng Tshing-tó tshī Lí-tshong khu Kim-suí lōo 1 hō
    Bāng-chām\nwww.qtxy.mil.cn
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2155}} -{"text":"Chiàⁿ-pêng ē-kha (ùi tò-chhiú-pêng kàu chiàⁿ-chhiú-pêng) tē-3, tē-2, kap tē-1 tōa-āu-chan ê tiān-kong-phìⁿ, ē-sái khòaⁿ-kìⁿ bô-kâng kai-tōaⁿ ê chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k.\n5-hòe gín-á ê chhùi-khí tiān-kong-phìⁿ, hián-sī tò-pêng ē-kha Tē-1 tōa-āu-chan, kah tò-pêng ē-kha éng-kiú chiân sió-āu-chan (teh Tē-1 tōa-āu-chan ē-kha) kap éng-kiú āu-chan ê hoat-io̍k tiong chi gê-koan.\n**Chhùi-khí ê hoat-io̍k**, ùi phoe-thai sè-pau seng-tióng khai-sí kàu puh-khí ji̍p kháu-khiuⁿ, sī ho̍k-cha̍p ê kòe-têng. Sui-bóng chē-chē bu̍t-chióng (*species*) ū chhùi-khí, in chhùi-khí ê hoat-io̍k kah jîn-lūi bô-siáⁿ-mi̍h bô-siâng. Nā-beh-ū khong-kiān ê kháu-khiuⁿ khoân-kéng, tī thai-jî hoat-io̍k ê sek-tòng kai-tōaⁿ lāi-té, khí-iū-chit, khí-pún-chit, khí-kut-chit, kap khí-chiu cho͘-chit tio̍h-ài khai-sí hoat-io̍k. Gín-á-khí tī seⁿ-kiáⁿ-tē lāi-té tē-6 chì tē-8 lé-pài khai-sí hêng-sêng, ah tōa-lâng-khí tī seⁿ-kiáⁿ-tē ê tē-20 lé-pài khai-sí hêng-sêng. Ká-sú chhùi-khí bô tī chit-ê sî-chūn khai-sí hoat-io̍k, in tio̍h bē hoat-io̍k. \n\nChiok-chē gián-kiù tì-tiōng tī ín-khí chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k ê koan-kiān kòe-têng. Tī tē-1 branchial arch ê cho͘-chit ū chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k pit-su-iàu ê in-sò͘ tī--leh, che sī hō͘-lâng kóng-hoàn chiap-siū ê koan-tiám.\n\nKhài-iàu\n--------\n\nChhùi-khí íⁿ-gê ê cho͘-chit chhiat-phìⁿ. \n\nA: khí-iū-chit khì-koan (*enamel organ*) \n\nB: chhùi-khí ni-thâu (*dental papilla*) \n\nC: chhùi-khí lī-pau(*dental follicle*)\nChhùi-khí íⁿ-gê sī lō͘-bóe hêng-sêng chhùi-khí ê chi̍t-tīn sè-pau. Chia-ê sè-pau sī ùi tē-it branchial arch ê gōa-phoe-chân (*ectoderm*) kap sîn-keng-chiah (*neural crest*) ê ectomesenchyme ián-thòaⁿ--lâi-ê. Chhùi-khí íⁿ-gê ē hun-hòa chò 3-ê pō͘-hūn: khí-iū-chit khì-koan (*enamel organ*), chhùi-khí ni-thâu (*dental papilla*), chhùi-khí lī-pau (*dental follicle*).\n\n**Khí-iū-chit khì-koan** sī iû gōa-kháu ê khí-iū-chit siōng-phôe (*outer enamel epithelium*), lāi-té ê khí-iū-chit siōng-phôe (i*nner enamel epithelium*), stellate reticulum, kap stratum intermedium lâi cho͘-sêng. Chit-kóa sè-pau sī ameloblast ê khí-goân. Ameloblast chè-chō khí-iū-chit kap reduced enamel epithelium. Gōa-kháu ê khí-iū-chit siōng-phôe kap lāi-té ê khí-iū-chit siōng-phôe sio-kap ê só͘-chāi kiò-chò cervical loop. Cervical loop hia ê sè-pau kè-sio̍k ǹg koh-khah chhim ê cho͘-chit só͘-chāi seng-tióng, chiâⁿ-chò Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, i koat-tēng soah--lo̍h-khì chhùi-khí khí-kha ê khòaⁿ-thâu. \n\n**Chhùi-khí ni-thâu** ū-hâm ē hoat-tián chò odontoblast ê sè-pau, odontoblast sī hêng-sêng khí-pún-chit ê sè-pau. Chhùi-khí ni-thâu kap lāi-té ê khí-iū-chit siōng-phôe chih-chiap ê só͘-chāi ē-tit koat-tēng āu--lâi chhùi-khí khí-koan ê hêng-chōng. Chhùi-khí ni-thâu tiong-hng ê mesenchyme sè-pau sī kah chhùi-khí khí-chhóe ê chiâⁿ-hêng ū tī-tāi. \n\n**Chhùi-khí lī-pau** ē piàn-chò 3-ê chiâⁿ tiōng-iàu ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ: cementoblast, osteoblast, kap fibroblast. Cementoblast sán-seng chhùi-khí khí-kha piáu-bīn ê khí-kut-chit. Osteoblast seⁿ-chhut khí-kha sì-pêng ê khí-chô-kut. Fibroblast hoat-io̍k chhut khí-chiu jūn-tòa, khí-chiu jūn-tòa liân-chiap khí-chô-kut kap khí-kut-chit, choa̋n kā chhùi-khí kò͘-tēng tiàm khí-chô. \n\n### Jîn-lūi chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k ê sî-kan-pió\n\nĒ-kha chit-kóa pió siá--ê sī jîn-lūi chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k ê sî-kan. Gín-á-khí thâu-khí-seng kài-hòa ê sî-kan sī ēng seⁿ-kiáⁿ-tē lāi-té ê lé-pài sò͘-bo̍k piáu-sī. \n\n\n\n| | Téng-kiuⁿ (*maxillary*) chhùi-khí |\n| --- | --- |\n| Gín-á-khí | Chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí | Chhek-mn̂g-khí | Kak-khí | Tē-1āu-chan | Tē-2āu-chan |\n| Thâu-khí-seng ê kài-hòa | 14 lé-pài | 16  lé-pài | 17 lé-pài | 15.5 lé-pài | 19 lé-pài |\n| Khí-koan tōa-kàu-chaī | 1.5 go̍eh | 2.5 go̍eh | 9 go̍eh | 6 go̍eh | 11 go̍eh |\n| Khí-kha tōa-kàu-chaī | 1.5 tang | 2 tang | 3.25 tang | 2.5 tang | 3 tang |\n| |  Ē-kiuⁿ (*mandibular*) chhùi-khí  |\n| Thâu-khí-seng ê kài-hòa | 14 lé-pài | 16 lé-pài | 17 lé-pài | 15.5 lé-pài | 18 lé-pài |\n| Khí-koan tōa-kàu-chaī | 2.5 go̍eh | 3 go̍eh | 9 go̍eh | 5.5 go̍eh | 10 go̍eh |\n| Khí-kha tōa-kàu-chaī | 1.5 tang | 1.5 tang | 3.25 tang | 2.5 tang | 3 tang |\n\n \n\n\n| | Téng-kiuⁿ chhùi-khí |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tōa-lâng-khí | Chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí | Chhek-mn̂g-khí | Kak-khí | Tē-1sió-āu-chan | Tē-2sió-āu-chan | Tē-1tōa-āu-chan | Tē-2tōa-āu-chan | Tē-3tōa-āu-chan |\n| Thâu-khí-seng ê kài-hòa | 3–4 go̍eh | 10–12 go̍eh | 4–5 go̍eh | 1.5–1.75 tang | 2–2.25 tang | chhut-sì ê sî | 2.5–3 tang | 7–9 tang |\n| Khí-koan tōa-kàu-chāi | 4–5 tang | 4–5 tang | 6–7 tang | 5–6 tang | 6–7 tang | 2.5–3 tang | 7–8 tang | 12–16 tang |\n| Khí-kha tōa-kàu-chāi | 10 tang | 11 tang | 13–15 tang | 12–13 tang | 12–14 tang | 9–10 tang | 14–16 tang | 18–25 tang |\n| |  Ē-kiuⁿ chhùi-khí   |\n| Thâu-khí-seng ê kài-hòa | 3–4 go̍eh | 3–4 go̍eh | 4–5 go̍eh | 1.5–2 o̍eh | 2.25–2.5 o̍eh | chhut-sì ê sî | 2.5–3 tang | 8–10 tang |\n| Khí-koan tōa-kàu-chāi | 4–5 tang | 4–5 tang | 6–7 tang | 5–6 tang | 6–7 tang | 2.5–3 tang | 7–8 tang | 12–16 tang |\n| Khí-kha tōa-kàu-chāi | 9 tang | 10 tang | 12–14 tang | 12–13 tang | 13–14 tang | 9–10 tang | 14–15 tang | 18–25 tang |\n\nChhùi-khí íⁿ-gê ê hoat-io̍k\n---------------------------\n\nTī hàm-kiàⁿ ē-té ē-sái khòaⁿ--kìⁿ ê chhùi-khí chiâⁿ-hêng ê siāng-khí-seng 1-pō͘ sī vestibular lamina kap dental lamina ê khu-pia̍t. Dental lamina liân-kiat hoat-io̍k ê chhùi-khí-íⁿ kap kháu-khiuⁿ ê siōng-phôe-chân, chit-ê liân-kiat î-chhî bē-té ê 1-tōaⁿ sî-kan. \n\nChhùi-khí ê hoat-io̍k thong-siông hun-chò ē-kha kúi-ê kai-tōaⁿ: íⁿ-gê kî, bō-á kî, lêng-liang kî, kap siāng-lo̍h-bóe ê sêng-se̍k kî. Chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k ê hun-kî sī siūⁿ-beh kā sio-liân-soah hoat-seng ê kái-piàn chò hun-lūi; m̄-koh tháu-té chiâⁿ-oh koat-tēng 1-khí hoat-io̍k tiong ê chhùi-khí sī chám-jiân ūi-tī tó-chi̍t-ê khám-chām. Tio̍h-sǹg-sī kāng 1-khí hoat-io̍k tiong ê chhùi-khí, in-ūi bô-kâng phìⁿ ê cho͘-chit chhiat-phìⁿ ê koan-hē, sú-tit hun-kî ê koat-tēng pìⁿ-chiâⁿ kēng-ka khùn-lân, ē chhut-hiān bô-kâng hun-kî ê kiat-kó.\n\n### Íⁿ-gê kî\n\nÍⁿ-gê kî chhùi-khí íⁿ-gê ê sè-pau pâi-lia̍t iáu-koh chiâⁿ hūn-loān. Chit-ê kai-tōaⁿ ê khai-sí sī siōng-phôe sè-pau cheng-seng chìn-ji̍p khí-chô-kut ê ectomesenchyme ê sî-chūn. Chhùi-khí íⁿ-gê pún-sin sī dental lamina boa̍t-toan ê 1-tīn sè-pau.\n\n### Bō-á kî\n\nBō-á kî chhùi-khí ê cho͘-chit chhiat-phìⁿ.\nTī bō-á kî, chhùi-khí íⁿ-gê ê sè-pau chiah khai-sí pâi-lia̍t. Chi̍t-kóa ectomesenchyme sè-pau thêng-chí sán-seng sè-pau-gōa ê ki-chit (*extracellular substances*), án-ne tì-sú in e-kheh chi̍p-chi̍p chò-hóe, hông kiò-chò chhùi-khí ni-thâu. Tī chit-ê sî-chūn, chhùi-khí ni-thâu piⁿ-á ê sè-pau pâi-lia̍t chiâⁿ-chò bō-á ê hêng-chōng, kiò-chò khí-iū-chit khì-koan (ū-lâng kā kiò-chò khí-pún-chit khì-koan). Koh-ū lēng-gōa chi̍t-tīn ectomesenchyme sè-pau sio-chio óa-kīn chò-hóe, pau-ûi tī khí-iū-chit khì-koan kap chhùi-khí ni-thâu ê kho͘-tau. Soah--lo̍h-lâi, khí-iū-chit khì-koan ē sán-seng khí-iū-chit, chhùi-khí ni-thâu ē sán-seng khí-pún-chit kap khí-chhóe, ah chhùi-khí lī-pau ē sán-seng chhùi-khí só͘-ū ê chi-chhî kò͘-chō. \n\nTī leng-liang kî khah-chá ê sî-chūn chhùi-khí ê cho͘-chit chhiat-phìⁿ.\n### Lêng-liang kî\n\nLêng-liang kî hoat-seng cho͘-chit hun-hòa kap hêng-thāi hun-hòa. Khí-iū-chit khì-koan tī chit-sî sī lêng-liang-á hêng, i tāi-pō͘-hūn ê sè-pau seⁿ tio̍h chhiūⁿ thiⁿ-chhiⁿ, kiò-chò stellate reticulum. Khí-iū-chit khì-koan kho͘-tau ê sè-pau so͘-khui chò 3-chân. Khí-iū-chit khì-koan gōa-kháu ê *cuboidal cell* kìo-chò gōa-kháu ê khí-iū-chit siōng-phôe. Khí-iū-chit kap chhùi-khí ni-thâu sio-chiap ê hit chân sè-pau kiò-chò lāi-té ê khí-iū-chit siōng-phôe. Lāi-té ê khí-iū-chit siōng-phôe kap stellate reticulum chi-kan hit-chân kiò-chò stratum intermedium. Gōa-kháu ê kap lāi-té ê khí-iū-chit siōng-phôe sio-chiap ê só͘-chāi hêng-sêng 1-ê îⁿ-kho͘-á, kiò-chò **cervical loop**. \n\nTī chit-ê khám-chām iáu-ū hoat-seng kî-thaⁿ ê tāi-chì. Dental lamina lia̍t-kai, hoat-io̍k tiong ê chhùi-khí kah chhùi-khiuⁿ ê siōng-phôe oân-choân hun-khui; tio̍h-kàu chhùi-khí puh-gê chhut--lâi, chit lióng-chiá chiah-koh sio-tú.\n\n Tī lêng-liang kî khah-òaⁿ ê sî-chūn chhùi-khí ê cho͘-chit chhiat-phìⁿ. Chhiáⁿ chù-ì téng-koân dental lamina ê lia̍t-kái siau-sit.\nChhùi-khí ê khí-koan hêng-hâi siū-tio̍h lāi-té ê khí-iū-chit siōng-phôe ê hêng-chōng ê éng-hióng, tio̍h-sī hoat-seng tī chit-ê khám-chām. Chhùi--nih só͘-ū ê chhùi-khí lóng-ē chìn-hêng kāng-khoán ê chit-ê kòe-têng; lán iáu-sī bô khak-tēng ūi-siáⁿ-mi̍h chhùi-khí ē sán-seng koh-iūⁿ ê khí-koan hêng-hâi, hó-pí-kóng, mn̂g-khí kap kak-khí. Ū nn̄g-ê chú-iàu ê ké-soat. \"'Field model'\" the̍h-chhut lí-lūn kóng, chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k kòe-têng tiong ê ectomesenchyme ū chhùi-khí koh-iūⁿ hêng-hâi ê sêng-hun. Koat-tēng bó͘-1-khoán te̍k-sû chhùi-khí hêng-hâi ê sêng-hun, hó-chhan-chhiūⁿ mn̂g-khí, kan-taⁿ pó-liû tī chhùi-khiuⁿ bó͘-mi̍h só͘-chaī, kî-thaⁿ só͘-chāi--ê lóng chiâⁿ-kín tio̍h siau-sit bô--khì. Ia̍h-tio̍h-sī kóng, hó-pí, \"incisor field\" ū iù-sú chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k chò mn̂g-khí ê in-sò͘, chit-ê field kan-taⁿ chi̍p-tiong lâi-kàu mn̂g-khí ê khu-he̍k, ah tī kak-khí ê khu-he̍k tio̍h liâm-mi bô--khì. Lēng-1-ê chú-iàu ê ké-soat sī \"'clone model\"', i kóng, siōng-phôe an-pâi chí-hui 1-tī ectomesenchymal cells lâi sán-seng koh-iūⁿ ê chhùi-khí. Chit-tīn ê sè-pau, kìo-chò clone, siâⁿ-koái dental lamina chìn-hêng chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k, tì-sú chhùi-khí íⁿ-gê ê sán-seng. Dental lamina tiàm-tī chit-ê kiò-chò \"progress zone\" ê só͘-chāi kè-sio̍k seng-tióng. Piān-nā progress zone sóa-khì kī-lî tē-1-ê chhùi-khí-íⁿ ū 1-té--á ê só͘-chāi, tē-2-ê chhùi-khí íⁿ-á tio̍h khai-sí tī-hia hoat-io̍k. Chit nn̄g-ê ké-soat bô tiāⁿ-tio̍h-sī hō͘-siong lia̍h-gōa tú-te̍k--ê, iáu-bōe kóng-hoān hông chiap-siū ê 1-ê khòaⁿ-hoat sī: chit nn̄g-ê ké-soat tī bô-kâng ê sî-kan-tiám éng-hióng tio̍h chhùi-khí ê hoat-io̍k.\n\nTī chit-ê kai-tōaⁿ, kî-thaⁿ hoat-seng ê chhùi-khí ê kò͘-chō ū enamel knots, enamel cords, kap enamel niche.\n\nHoat-io̍k tiong ngē cho͘-chit ê cho͘-chit chhiat-phìⁿ. Ameloblast tng-leh sán-seng khí-iū-chit, ah odontoblast tng-leh sán-seng khí-pún-chit.\n### Khí-koan kî\n\nChit-ê sî-kî kìo-chò khí-koan kî he̍k sêng-sek kî, ngē cho͘-chit chhan-chhiūⁿ khí-iū-chit kap khí-pún-chit tio̍h hoat-seng tī chit-kî. Tiōng-iàu ê sè-pau piàn-hòa hoat-seng tī chit-chūn. Tī téng-1-kî lāi-té ê khí-iū-chit siōng-phôe khoài-sok tōa-liōng hun-lia̍t, kiò-chò mitosis, cheng-ka chhùi-khì-íⁿ ê tōa-sió. M̄-koh tī chit-kî, chhùi-khí ê kā-lûn nā sán-seng liáu-āu, chit-ê ūi-tì ê mitosis tio̍h thêng-chí--lo̍h-lâi. Tāi-seng kài-hòa ê ngē cho͘-chit tio̍h hoat-seng tī chia. Kâng chit-ê sî-chūn, lāi-té ê khí-iū-chit siōng-phôe sè-pau ê gōa-hêng ùi cuboidal choán-chò columnar. Chia-ê sè-pau ê sè-pau-he̍k sóa-ūi óa-khīn stratum intermedium, lî-khui chhùi-khí ni-thâu. \n\nChhùi-khí ê cho͘-chit chhiat-phìⁿ. Chhiáⁿ chù-ì khí-pún-chit ê tn̂g-kóng-á hêng gōa-khoán. \n \nA: khí-iū-chit\n \nB: khí-pún-chit\nChhùi-khí ni-thâu óa-kīn lāi-té ê khí-iū-chit siōng-phôe hit-chân sè-pau thu̍t-jiân piàn-tōa, hun-hòa chò odontoblast, in sī sán-seng khí-pún-chit ê sè-pau. Gián-kiù-chiá siong-sìn, lāi-té ê khí-iū-chit siōng-phôe nā-bô hoat-seng piàn-hòa, odontoblast tio̍h bē chhut-hiàn. Ùi kā-lun ê chiam-toan hū-kīn, lāi-té ê khí-iū-chit siōng-phôe khai-sí piàn-hòa kap odontoblast khai-sí chhut-hiàn, odontoblast hun-pì 1-chióng bu̍t-chit, organic matrix, kàu in-ê sì-chiu-ûi. Chit-chióng organic matrix ū-hâm hêng-sêng khí-pún-chit su-iàu ê bu̍t-chit. Odontoblast ná tîm-chek organic matrix, ná sóa-ūi khì chhùi-khí ni-thâu ê tiong-hng. In-chhú, kah khí-iū-chit bô-siâng, khí-pún-chit sī ùi chhùi-khí ê khah gōa-kháu ǹg lāi-té ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á 1-chân koh 1-chân lâi hêng-sêng. Odontoblast iân-nā sóa ùi tiong-hng, iân-nā kā sè-pau-chit ê chhun-tn̂g (*odontoblastic process*) lâu tī kha-chhng-āu. Tī hián-bî-kiàⁿ só͘ khòaⁿ-tio̍h ê chit-chióng to̍k-te̍k tn̂g-kóng-á-hêng ê khí-pún-chit gōa-khoán, sī khí-pún-chit tiàm chia-ê chhun-tn̂g sì-kho͘-tau tîm-chek sán-seng ê kiat-kó.\nKhí-pún-chit khai-sí sán-seng liáu-āu, lāi-té ê khí-iū-chit siōng-phôe sè-pau mā khai-sí hun-pì organic matrix. Chia-ê matrix liâm-mi kài-hòa chiâⁿ-chò chhùi-khí ê khí-iū-chit. Khí-pún-chit gōa-kháu sī ameloblast, ameloblast chè-chō khí-iū-chit; in-chhú, khí-iū-chit sī ǹg gōa-kháu 1-têng 1-têng ka-thiⁿ tī hoat-io̍k ê chhùi-khí gōa-piáu-bīn.\n\nNgē cho͘-chit ê sán-seng\n------------------------\n\nHoat-io̍k tiong ê chhùi-khí ê chhiat-phìⁿ\n### Khí-iū-chit\n\n*Chhiáⁿ khòaⁿ Amelogenesis hit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ*\nKhí-iū-chit ê sán-seng kiò-chò *amelogenesis*, hoat-seng tī chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k ê khí-koan kî. **Pâi-thè ín-chhōa** (*reciprocal induction*) sòe-bêng khí-pún-chit ê sán-seng kap khí-iū-chit ê sán-seng chi-kan ê koan-hē; khí-pún-chit tiāⁿ-tio̍h-tio̍h ài tāi-seng khí-iū-chit sán-seng. Khí-iū-chit ê sán-seng hun-chò 2-ê kai-tōaⁿ: hun-pì sî-kî kap sêng-sek sî-kî. Hun-pì sî-kî n̄g-pe̍h-chit kap organic matrix sán-seng pō͘-hūn kài-hòa ê khí-iū-chit; sêng-sek sî-kî oân-sêng khí-iū-chit ê kài-hòa.\n\nTī hun-pì sî-kî, ameloblast sek-hòng chhut khí-iū-chit nn̄g-pe̍h-chit, che kò͘-sêng khí-iū-chit ê matrix, soah--lo̍h-lâi, tī kàⁿ-sò͘ alkaline phosphatase ê chok-iōng chi-hā, pō͘-hūn kài-hòa. Chit-ê kài-hòa cho͘-chit ê chhut-hiān, tāi-iok sī thai-īn ê tē-3 he̍k tē-4 kò͘-goe̍h hia, sī khí-iū-chit tī sin-thé ê thâu-1-kái chhut-hiān. Ameloblast tī chhùi-khí kā-lun ê só͘-chāi khai-sí tîm-chek khí-iū-chit. Khí-iū-chit ùi chhùi-khí tiong-hng ǹg gōa-kháu kè-sio̍k tîm-chek sán-seng.\n\nTī sêng-sek sî-kî, ameloblast kā ēng tī khí-iū-chit hêng-sêng ê 1-kóa bu̍t-chit ùi khí-iū-chit chah--chhut-lâi. In-chhú, ameloblast ê kong-lêng ùi khí-iū-chit seng-sán, choán-ōaⁿ chò ūn-su bu̍t-chit. Tī chit-ê sî-kî pī ameloblast ūn-su tiāu ê bu̍t-chit sī nn̄g-pe̍h-chit, chū-án-ne lâi oân-sêng kài-hòa. Ū koan-hē ê nn̄g-pe̍h-chit sī amelogenin, ameloblastin, enamelin, kap tuftelin.Kàu chit-ê sî-kî ê siāng-bóe-á, khí-iū-chit ê kài-hòa chiah kiat-sok.\n\n### Khí-pún-chit\n\n*Chhiáⁿ khòaⁿ Dentinogenesis chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ* \nKhí-pún-chit ê sán-seng kiò-chò dentinogenesis, sī tī chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k khí-koan kî siāng tāi-seng ē-sái khak-jīn ê te̍k-cheng. Khí-pún-chit ê sán-seng tiāⁿ-tio̍h ài tāi-seng khí-iū-chit ê sán-seng. Bô-kâng khám-chām sán-seng bô-kâng ê khí-pún-chit: mantle dentin, primary dentin, secondary dentin, kap tertiary dentin.\n\nOdontoblast, sán-seng khí-pún-chit ê sè-pau, sī ùi chhùi-khí ni-thâu ê sè-pau hun-hòa lâi ê. In tiàm lāi-té ê khí-iū-chit siōng-phôe hia khai-sí hun-pì organic matrix, siāng chiap-kīn bóe--á kā-lun beh chhut-hiàn ê só͘-chāi siāng-chá hun-pì. Organic matrix ū-hâm chho͘-tōa ti̍t-kèng ê ka-goân chhiam-ûi (ti̍t-kèng 0.1-0.2 μm). Odontoblast khai-sí ǹg chhùi-khí tiong-hng î-sóa, kha-chiah-āu ûi-liû kiò-chò odontoblast process ê chhun-tn̂g. Che odontoblast process ín-khí hydroxyapatite cheng-thé ê hun-pì kap ki-chit ê kài-hòa. Chit-tah ê kài-hòa kiò-chò mantle khí-pún-chit, tāi-iok 150 μm kāu.\n\nMantle khí-pún-chit sī ùi chhùi-khí ni-thâu goân-té ê ki-chit hia sán-seng--ê. Goân-seng khí-pún-chit (primary dentin) ê sán-seng kòe-têng tio̍h kah mantle khí-pún-chit ê bô-kâng. Odontoblast ê thé-hêng piàn-tōa, sio-kheh chò-hóe, ē-tàng lī-iōng the̍h-lâi kài-hòa ê sè-pau-gōa bu̍t-chit kiám-chió, kái-iû chū-sin sán-seng chè-chō. Lēng-gōa, hàn-chháu khah-tōa ê odontoblast ê ka-goân-nn̄g-pe̍h (*collagen*) hun-pì liōng piàn-chió, sú-tit chhut-hiàn pâi-lia̍t kēng-ka ba̍t-cha̍t ê heterogenous neucleation ê kài-hòa. Kî-thaⁿ ê bu̍t-chit, hó-pí lipid, phosphoprotein, phospholipid mā-ū hun-pì.\nJī-chhù khí-pún-chit (*secondary dentin*) sī khí-kha sêng-hêng liáu-āu chiah sán-seng--ê, i sán-seng ê sok-tō͘ khah-bān. I sán-seng ê sok-tō͘ mā-bô it-tì, chiap-kīn khí-koan ê só͘-chāi sán-seng ê sok-tō͘ khah-kín. I ê sán-seng sī kui-sì-lâng--ê, só͘-í nî-hòe jú-tōa ê lâng khí-chhóe-khiuⁿ jú-sè. Sam-chhù khí-pún-chit (*tertiary dentin*), koh kiò-chò siu-ho̍k-sèng khí-pún-chit (*reparative dentin*), sī siū-tio̍h chhì-khek, chhan-chhiūⁿ bôa-sún (*attrition*) he̍k chiù-khí, lâi sán-seng--ê.\n\nKhí-kha ê hûiⁿ-chhiat-phìⁿ. Chhiáⁿ chù-ì thang-kng, bô sè-pau ê khí-kut-chit. \nA: khí-pún-chit \nB: khí-kut-chit\n### Khí-kut-chit\n\nKhí-kut-chit ê hêng-sêng kiò-chò cementogenesis, hoat-seng tī chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k ê khah lo̍h-bóe. Cementoblast sī hū-chek sán-seng khí-kut-chit ê sè-pau. Ū 2-chióng khí-pún-chit: ū sè-pau--ê kap bô sè-pau--ê. \n\nBô sè-pau khí-kut-chit tāi-seng sán-seng. Cementoblast sī ùi chhùi-khí lī-pau sè-pau hun-hòa chhut--lâi-ê. Cementoblast hun-pì iù-si ê ka-goân-nn̄g-pe̍h chhiam-ûi. Che chhiam-ûi í 90 tō͘ ê kak-tō͘ chhah tī khí-kha piáu-bīn. Jiân-āu cementoblast khai-sí sóa lî-khui khí-kha , koh chè-chō khah-chē ê ka-goân-nn̄g-pe̍h lâi ka-tn̂g kap ka-chho͘ chhiam-ûi. Hui-ka-goân-nn̄g-pe̍h ê nn̄g-pe̍h-chit, chhan-chhiūⁿ bone sialoprotein, kap osteocalcin mā-ū hun-pì. Bô sè-pau khí-kut-chit hâm-ū nn̄g-pe̍h-chit kap chhiam-ûi ki-chit. Khí-kut-chit ná kài-hòa, cementoblast ná sóa-lî-khui khí-kut-chit, ah chhah tī khí-kha piáu-bīn ê chhiam-ûi chòe-āu kah khí-chiu jūn-tòa kiat-ha̍p chò-hóe. \n\nŪ sè-pau ê khí-kut-chit tī chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k soah-kó͘ kap chhùi-khí chham tùi-kiuⁿ (*opposite arch*) chhùi-khí sio-tú-tio̍h chiah khai-sí sán-seng. Chit-khoán khí-kut-chit khûn-tîⁿ tī khí-chiu jūn-tòa ê chhiam-ûi piⁿ-á lâi sán-seng. Chè-chō ū sè-pau khí-kut-chit ê cementoblast chòe-āu pī ka-tī chè-chō ê khí-kut-chit pau-ûi--khí-lâi. \n\nChè-chō ū sè-pau khí-kut-chit ê cementoblast kap chè-chō bô sè-pau khí-kut-chit ê cementoblast ê lâi-goân bô-kâng. Chú-iàu ê lí-lūn jīn-ûi, chè-chō ū sè-pau khí-kut-chit ê sè-pau lâi-chū hū-kīn ê kut-thâu, chè-chō bô sè-pau khí-kut-chit ê sè-pau lâi-chū chhùi-khí lī-pau. Ko͘-chi̍t-ki khí-kha ê chhùi-khí siâng-chāi bô ū sè-pau ê khí-kut-chit. Tī sió-āu-chan kap tōa-āu-chan, ū sè-pau khí-kut-chit kan-taⁿ hun-pò͘ tī khí-kha bo̍at-toan kap khí-kha hun-chhe ê só͘-chāi. \n\nTng-beh puh-gê ji̍p kháu-khiuⁿ chhùi-khí ê cho͘-chit chhiat-phìⁿ.\n \nA: chhùi-khí\n \nB: khí-gîn\n \nC: kut-thâu\n \nD: khí-chiu jūn-tòa\n\nKhí-chiu cho͘-chit ê hêng-sêng\n------------------------------\n\nKhí-chiu cho͘-chit, sī chhùi-khí ê chi-chhî kò͘-chō, pau-koat ū khí-kut-chit, khí-chiu jūn-tòa, khí-gîn, kap khí-chô-kut. Chit lāi-té kan-taⁿ khí-kut-chit sī chhùi-khí ê 1-pō͘-hūn. Khí-chô-kut kā chhùi-khí khí-kha pau--khí-lâi hêng-sêng khí-chô (socket), thê-kiong chì-chái ê kong-lêng. Khí-chiu jūn-tòa liân-chiap khí-chô-kut kàu khí-kut-chit, ah khí-gîn pau-ho̍k tī khí-chô-kut ê gōa-kháu. \n\n### Khí-chiu jūn-tòa\n\nÙi chhùi-khí lī-pau lâi ê sè-pau sán-seng khí-chiu jūn-tòa (PDL). Gín-á-khí kap tōa-lâng-khí ê khí-iu jūn-tòa hoat-seng ê kòe-têng bô-kâng, bô-kâng tōng-bu̍t bu̍t-chéng ê jūn-tòa hoat-seng mā bô-kâng. Ùi chhùi-khí lī-pau lâi ê jūn-tòa fibroblast chè-chō khí-chiu jūn-tòa. Chit-kóa fibroblast só͘ hun-pì ê ka-goân-nn̄g-pe̍h, kah hū-kīn ê khí-chô-kut kap khí-kut-chit ê chhiam-ûi saⁿ-kap chò-hóe. Tī chhùi-khí puh-gê ê kòe-têng tiong, chit-chióng kau-hō͘-chok-iōng sán-seng 1-chióng *attachment*. Occlusion, chhùi-khí ê pâi-lia̍t kap chhùi-khí án-chóaⁿ chham tùi-kiuⁿ chhùi-khí chih-chiap, kè-sio̍k éng-hióng khí-chiu jūn-tòa ê hêng-sêng. Khí-chiu jūn-tòa lo̍k-siok sán-seng, àn-chiàu kiâⁿ-hiòng ê bô-kâng, ē-sái hun chò kúi-cho͘: than-pêⁿ ê, than-chhoa̍h ê, kap khûn-se̍h ê. \n\n### Khí-chô-kut\n\nTng khí-kha kap khí-kut-chit khai-sí sán-seng, khí-chô-kut mā khai-sí hoat-io̍k. Sin-khu sán-seng kut-thâu ê sè-pau kiò-chò osteoblast. Sán-seng khí-chô-kut ê osteoblast sī ùi chhùi-khí lī-pau lâi--ê. \nKah sin-khu kî-thaⁿ kut-thâu sio-siâng, khí-chô-kut mā-ē modify. Osteoblast sán-seng kut-thâu, ah osteoclast soah phò-hāi kut-thâu, iû-kî sī chhùi-khí siū-tio̍h le̍k-liōng ê sî. Chit-chióng phò-hāi kip-siu kut-thâu ê chêng-hêng ē hoat-seng tī chhùi-khí chhiâu-chiàⁿ ê kòe-têng tiong. Chhùi-khí beh sóa tin-tāng ê hong-siòng ê kut-thâu siū-tio̍h ap-sok (*compression*), hit-tah ê osteoclast ē khah-chē, kiat-kó kut-thâu khip-siu. Tian-tó-péng ê sī, chhùi-khí beh oán-lî ê hit-pêng, in-ūi khí-chiu jūn-tòa ê khiú-lak, siū-tio̍h tension, osteblast ê sò͘-bo̍k cheng-ka, kiat-kó kut-thâu lâi hêng-sêng. \n\n### Khí-gîn\n\nKhí-gîn kah chhùi-khí sio chih-chiap ê só͘-chāi kiò-chò chhùi-khí-khí-gîn chih-chiap (*dentogingival junction*). Chit-ê chih-chiap ū saⁿ-ê siōng-phôe chióng-lūi: *khí-gîn siōng-phôe*, *khí-gîn-kau siōng-phôe*, kap *chih-chiap siōng-phôe* (*gingival, sulcular, and junctional epithelium*). Chit saⁿ chióng ê siōng-phôe sī ùi 1-tīn kiò-chò epithelial cuff ê sè-pau, ūi-tī chhùi-khí kap chhùi-khiuⁿ chi-kan, lâi--ê. \n\nIú-koan khí-gîn sán-seng ê tāi-chì iáu-bōe oân-choân liáu-kái, m̄-koh, lán lóng chāi-iáⁿ hemidesmosomes hêng-sêng tī chih-chiap siōng-phôe kap chhùi-khí chi-kan, sī hū-chek *primary epithelial attachment* ê tiōng-iàu kak-sek.\n\nSîn-keng kap hoeh-kńg ê hêng-sêng\n---------------------------------\n\nSin-khu ê sîn-keng kap hoeh-kńg tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kiâⁿ tàu-tīn, in mā chhiâng-chāi ēng sio-siâng ê hong-sek tâng-chê lâi hêng-sêng. Put-kò, chhùi-khí ê sîn-keng kap hoeh-kńg hêng-sêng chêng-hêng bô kāng-khoán, in-ūi in hoat-io̍k ê sok-tō͘ bô-kâng. \n\n### Sîn-keng ê hêng-sêng\n\nTī chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k ê bō-á kî, sîn-keng chhiam-ûi khai-sí chiap-kīn chhùi-khí, chhun-ji̍p chhùi-khí lī-pau. Jiân-āu, sîn-keng chhiam-ûi pau-ûi chhùi-khí-ìⁿ hoat-tián--khí-lâi. Tán khí-pún-chit khai-sí hoat-io̍k, chhiam-ûi koh chhun-ji̍p chhùi-khí ni-thâu lāi-té. Sîn-keng bē seⁿ-thòaⁿ ji̍p khí-iū-chit khì-koan. \n\n### Hoeh-kńg ê hêng-sêng\n\nTī bō-á kî, hoeh-kńg seng-tióng ji̍p chhùi-khí lī-pau kap chhùi-khí ni-thâu. Kui-cho͘ ê hoeh-kńg hêng-sêng tī chhùi-khí ni-thâu ê ji̍p-kháu. Tī khí-koan kî tú-khai-sí, hoeh-kńg ê sò͘-liōng ta̍t-kàu siāng-chē, a̍h chhùi-khí ni-thâu chiong-kî-bóe hêng-sêng khí-chhóe. Ùi siàu-liân kàu lāu, chhùi-khí khí-chhóe ê thé-chek it-ti̍t leh kiám-chió, ia̍h-tio̍h-sī nî-kí jú-tōa, hoeh-sio̍h ê kiong-kip jú-chió. Khí-iū-chit khì-koan bô hoeh-kńg, in-ūi i sī siōng-phôe. Khí-iū-chit kap khí-pún-chit ê kài-hòa cho͘-chit bô su-iàu hoeh-sio̍h thê-kiong êng-ióng.\n\nChhùi-khí ê puh-gê\n------------------\n\nChhùi-khí puh-gê ê ki-chè sī ho̍k-cha̍p ê kòe-têng, iáu-bô chiâⁿ hōe-chê ê jīn-tēng. Chi̍t-kóa it-poaⁿ jīn-ûi ê, m̄-koh í-keng pī chèng-bêng m̄-tio̍h ê lí-lūn ū: (1)khí-kha ê seng-tióng kā chhùi-khí thui-sak ji̍p kháu-khiuⁿ, (2)chhùi-khí pīⁿ-á ê kut-thâu seng-tióng kā chhùi-khí thui-sak chhut-khì--ê, (3) hoeh-kńg ê ap-le̍k kā chhùi-khí sak--chhut-khì-ê, (4) tháu-thoah hiân-tiàu kā chhùi-khí sak--khí-lih-ê. Tháu-thoah hiân-tiàu ê lí-lūn, Harry Sicher tāi-seng the̍h-chhut, ùi 1930 nî-tāi kàu 1950 nî-tāi pī kóng-hoàn thoân-siū. Chit-ê lí-lūn ká-siat ū jūn-tòa tī chhùi-khí ē-kha, kah chhùi-khí ê bêng-hoat ū-koan-hē. Sicher kóng i ū tī hàm-kiàⁿ khòaⁿ--kìⁿ, m̄-koh āu--lâi soah hoat-hiān he sī chhiat-phìⁿ chè-chō kòa-têng tiong hoat-seng ê jîn-ûi-hiān-siōng (*artifact*). \n\nHiān-chú-sî siāng sî-kiâⁿ ê lí-lūn sī: sui-bóng kúi-á-ê le̍k-liōng kah chhùi-khí puh-gê ū tī-tāi, khí-chiu jūn-tòa the̍h-kiong chú-iàu ê puh-gê tōng-liōng. Lí-lūn-ka ká-siat kóng, thàu-kòe khí-chiu jūn-tòa ê ka-goân-nn̄g-pe̍h chhiam-ûi ê siu-sok kap sio-chhé liân-kiat, í-ki̍p in ê fibroblast ê khiú-giú, khí-chiu jūn-tòa chhiok-sú chhùi-khí ê hoat-chhut. \n\nSui-bóng ta̍k-ke-lâng chhùi-khí puh-gê ê sî-kan ū-bān ū-kín, puh-gê iah-sī ū 1-ê tāi-khài ê sî-kan-pió. Jîn-lūi piau-chún-siōng ū 20-khí gín-á-khí kap 32-khí tōa-lâng-khí. Chhùi-khí puh-gê ū 3-ê kai-tōaⁿ. Tāi-seng sī gín-á-khí khí-lia̍t, kan-taⁿ ū gín-á-khí chûn-chāi. Nā-sī tōa-lâng-khí khai-sí puh-gê, tio̍h chìn-ji̍p hùn-ha̍p khí-lia̍t. Gín-á-khí nā choân-pō͘ thǹg-khí, tio̍h kiò-chò tōa-lâng-khí khí-lia̍t.\n\nGín-á-khí khí-lia̍t khai-sí tī ē-kiuⁿ tiong-mn̂g-khí puh-gê, tāi-iok sī chhut-sì āu 8 kò͘-goe̍h, it-ti̍t kàu tē-1 éng-kiú tōa-āu-chan puh-gê, tāi-iok sī 6 hōe ê sî. Gín-á-khí hoat-khí ê sūn-sū it-poaⁿ sī: (1) tiong-mn̂g-khí, (2) chhek-mn̂g-khí, (3) tē-1 āu-chan, (4) kak-khí, (5) tē-2 āu-chan. Iah-ū 1-ê kui-chek sī: múi pòaⁿ-tang hoat 4-khí, ē-kiuⁿ--ê seng-hoat , téng-kiuⁿ--ê āu-hoat, cha-bó͘--ê hoat-khí pí cha-po͘--ê chá. Tī gín-á-khí khí-lia̍t ê sî-chūn, tōa-lâng-khí ê chhùi-khí-ìⁿ tī gín-á-khí ē-kha hoat-iok. \n\nHùn-ha̍k khí-lia̍t khai-sí tī 6 hòe tē-1 éng-kiú tōa-āu-chan puh-gê ê sî, kiat-sok tī 12 hòe chòe-āu 1-khí ni-khí thǹg-khí. Téng-kiuⁿ éng-kiú-khí ê puh-gê sūn-sū kah ē-kiuⁿ bô-kâng. Téng-kiuⁿ éng-kiú-khí ê puh-gê sūn-sū sī: (1) tē-1 éng-kiú tōa-āu-chan (2) éng-kiú tiong-mn̂g-khí, (3) éng-kiú chhek-mn̂g-khí, (4) tē-1 éng-kiú sió-āu-chan, (5) tē-2 eńg-kiú sió-āu-chan, (6) éng-kiú kak-khí, (7) tē-2 éng-kiú tōa-āu-chan, kap (8) tē-3 éng-kiú tāo-āu-chan. Ē-kiuⁿ éng-kiú-khí ê puh-gê sūn-sū sī: (1) tē-1 éng-kiú tōa-āu-chan (2) tiong-mn̂g-khí, (3) éng-kiú chhek-mn̂g-khí, (4) éng-kiú kak-khí, (5) tē-1 éng-kiú sió-āu-chan, (6) tē-2 eńg-kiú sió-āu-chan, (7) tē-2 éng-kiú tōa-āu-chan, and (8) tē-3 éng-kiú tāo-āu-chan. In-ūi gín-á-khí bô sió-āu-chan, só͘-í gín-á-khí āu-chan sī iû tōa-lâng-khí ê sió-āu-chan chhú-tāi. Ká-sú kóng gín-á-khí thǹg-khí a̍h tōa-lâng-khí iáu-bōe chún-pī beh hoat--chhut-lâi, ū 1-kóa ūi-tī tī āu-bīn ê chhùi-khí ē sóa-î hióng-chêng, tì-sú khong-kan spòng-sit. Án-ne ē ín-khí chhùi-khí e-khoeh, he̍k-chiá-sī hoat-chhut--lâi ê chhùi-khí hoat-oai--khì, kiò-chò malocclusion. \n\nTōa-lâng-khí khí-lia̍t sī tī 11 hōe he̍k 12 hōe, siāng-lo̍h-bóe ê gín-á-khí thǹg-khí liáu, kàu só͘-ū ê chhùi-khí thǹg-khí ûi-chí. \n\n\n\n**Gín-á-khí kap tōa-lâng-khí hoat-khí ê sî-kan** | | Gín-á-khí |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tiong-mn̂g-khí | Chhek-mn̂g-khí | Kak-khí | Tē-1sió-āu-chan | Tē-2sió-āu-chan | Tē-1tōa-āu-chan | Tē-2tōa-āu-chan | Tē-3tōa-āu-chan |\n| Téng-kiuⁿ ê chhùi-khí | 10 goe̍h | 11 goe̍h | 19 goe̍h | | | 16 goe̍h | 29 goe̍h | |\n| Ē-kiuⁿ ê chhùi-khí | 8 goe̍h | 13 goe̍h | 20 goe̍h | | | 16 goe̍h | 27 goe̍h | |\n| | Tōa-lâng-khí |\n| | Tiong-mn̂g-khí | Chhek-mn̂g-khí | Kak-khí | Tē-1sió-āu-chan | Tē-2sió-āu-chan | Tē-1tōa-āu-chan | Tē-2tōa-āu-chan | Tē-3tōa-āu-chan |\n| Téng-kiuⁿ ê chhùi-khí | 7–8 tang | 8–9 tang | 11–12 tang | 10–11 tang | 10–12 tang | 6–7 tang | 12–13 tang | 17–21 tang |\n| Ē-kiuⁿ ê chhùi-khí | 6–7 tang | 7–8 tang | 9–10 tang | 10–12 tang | 11–12 tang | 6–7 tang | 11–13  tang | 7–21 tang |\n\nÊng-ióng kap chhùi-khí ê hoat-io̍k\n----------------------------------\n\nKah sin-thé kî-thaⁿ só͘-chāi ê hoat-io̍k seng-tióng sio-siâng, êng-ióng tùi chhùi-khí ê hoat-io̍k ū éng-hióng. Beh tit-tio̍h khong-kiān ê chhùi-khí su-iàu ê êng-ióng-mi̍h pau-koat kài (*calcium*), phosphorus, fluoride kap ûi-seng-sò͘ A, C kap D. Kài kap phosphorus sī chè-chō hydroxyapatite cheng-thé só͘ su-iàu ê, in tī hoeh-sio̍h ê lông-tō͘ sī khò ûi-seng-sò͘ D lâi î-chhî. Ûi-seng-sò͘ A sī sán-seng keratin su-iàu ê. Vitamin C kap ka-goân-nn̄g-pe̍h ū-koan-hē. Fluoride chham-ji̍p khì hydroxyapatite cheng-thé, hō͘ chhùi-khí khah-ū tòng-thâu , khah-bē chiù-khí. \n\nKhiàm-khoat chia-ê éng-ióng-mi̍h tùi chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k ū chiâⁿ-chē ê éng-hióng. Siat-sú kài, phosphorus kap vitamin D bô-kàu-gia̍h, chhùi-khí ê kài-hòa ē khah bô-kàu, khah-lám. Khoat-ho̍at vitamin A ē ín-khí khí-iū-chit ê khoat-ha̍t. Fluoride ê khiàm-khoeh, tī chhùi-khí tú-tio̍h sng ê khoân-khéng, ē sú chhùi-khí cheng-ka thoat-kài, iân-chhiân koh-kài-hòa ê chìn-hêng. Siōng-chhiáⁿ, tī chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k tiong, kòe-liōng ê fluoride ē tì-sú chhùi-khí hu̍t-tiòng-to̍k (*dental fluorosis*).\n\nKoh-iūⁿ\n-------\n\nŪ chiok-chē kah chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k iú-koan ê koh-iūⁿ.\n\nBô-khí kî-hêng (*anodontia*) sī goân-choân bô hoat-io̍k chhùi-khí, a̍h Khoat-khí kî-hêng (*hypodontia*) sī khiàm-ha̍t chi̍t-kóa chhùi-khí ê hoat-io̍k. Bô-khí sī chiok hán tit khoàⁿ--kìⁿ-ê, siāng-chiap hoat-hiān tī hipohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia ê chêng-hêng, a̍h ha̍t-khí soah-sī siāng-chiap khòaⁿ--tio̍h ê chhuì-khí hoat-io̍k koh-iūⁿ, éng-hióng tio̍h 3.5–8.0% ê jîn-kháu (iah-bōe pau-koat tē-3 tōa-āu-chan). Khiàm-khoeh tē-3 tōa-āu-chan sī tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ tú-ē-tio̍h ê chêng-hêng, hoat-seng tī 20–23% ê jîn-kháu lāi-té. Soah--lo̍h-lâi siâng-chāi ha̍t-chío ê chhùi-khí sī tē-2 sió-āu-chan kap chhek-mn̂g-khí. Ha̍t-khí siông-chāi kah khoat-khiàm dental lamina ū-tī-tāi. Dental lamina iông-ì siū-tio̍h khôan-kéng le̍k-liōng ê kong-kek, chhan-chhiūⁿ kám-jiám, hòa-ha̍k-tī-liâu (chemotherapy), mā-kah chē-chē chèng-hāu-kûn ū khan-liân, hó-pí Down syndrome kap Crouzon syndrome. [*bô chhut-chhù*]\n\nTo-khí-chèng (*hyperdontia*) sī gia̍h-gōa ê chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k. I hoat-seng tī 1–3% ê pe̍h-sek-lîn-chéng (*Caucasian*), koh-khah-chē hoat-seng tī A-chiu-jîn-chéng(*Asian*). Chit-chióng khè-sù tāi-khài 86% sī ke 1-khí chhùi-khí, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hoat-seng tī téng-kiuⁿ mn̂g-khí ê só͘-chāi. To-khí hō͘ jīn-ûi sī to-î ê dental lamina só͘ tì-ìn.\n\nOan-khiau-khí (*dilaceration*) sī chhùi-khí bô-chèng-siông ê oan-khiau, chha-put-to lóng-sī gōa-le̍k sóa-tāng chhùi-khí-ìⁿ só͘ tì-ìn. Tng chhùi-khí ia̍h-leh hoat-io̍k, hut-jiân siū-tio̍h le̍k-liōng thui-sak, lî-khui gôan-lâi ê ūi-tī, tì-sú chhun-ê pō͘-hūn í bô-kâng ê kak-tō͘ kè-sio̍k hoat-io̍k. Chùi-liû (*cyst*) he̍k chéng-liû (*tumor*) tī chhùi-khí-íⁿ ê piⁿ-á mā-sī chi̍t-chióng ín-khí oan-khiau-khí ê le̍k-liōng; gín-á-khí hō͘ gōa-le̍k lòng--tio̍h kiu-ji̍p-khì khí-chô mā-ē sak tio̍h éng-kiú-khí ê khí-íⁿ. \n\nRegional odontodysplasia chiâⁿ hán-kìⁿ, siāng-chia̍p hoat-seng tī téng-kiuⁿ kap thâu-chêng-khí. Goân-in m̄-chai-iáⁿ; ū kúi-ê kóng-hoat, pau-koat neural crest cell ê kòa-gāi, kám-jiám, tiān-kong tī-liâu, kap hoeh-sio̍h chi-goân bô-kàu (siāng sî-kiâⁿ ê ké-soat). Siū regional odontodysplasia éng-hióng ê chhùi-khí tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ bē hoat-khí, khí-koan sī sè-lia̍p-chí, n̂g-n̂g ê ka-pi-sek, seⁿ tio̍h bô-chú-ngó͘. Tī tiān-kong-phìⁿ téng-koân chit-chióng chhùi-khí sī thang-kng ê khòaⁿ-thâu, chū-án-ne lâng kiò-i-chò \"kúi-á-khí\" (*ghost teeth*).\n\nTōng-bu̍t ê chhùi-khí hoat-sin\n------------------------------\n\nPêⁿ-pêⁿ-lâi-kóng, hui-jîn-lūi chhī-ni-tōng-bu̍t chhùi-khí ê tńg-chiâⁿ kah jîn-lūi chhùi-khí ê tńg-chiâⁿ boeh-kâng-boeh-kâng. Cheng-chha thong-siông sī-tī khòaⁿ-thâu, sò͘-bo̍k, tńg-chiâⁿ ê sî-kan, kap chhùi-khí ê khoán-iūⁿ, a̍h m̄-sī tī chhù-khí ê hoat-sin kòe-têng. \n\nHui-jîn-lūi chhī-ni-tōng-bu̍t ê khí-iū-chit hêng-sêng kah jî-lūi--ê kiông-beh saⁿ-kâng. Aminoblast kap khí-iū-chit khì-koan, pau-koat chhùi-khí ni-thâu, in ê kong-lêng sio-chhin-chhiūⁿ. Jîn-lūi kap kî-thaⁿ tāi-to-sò͘ tōng-bu̍t ê aminoblast tī puh-khí āu lóng-ē sí-bông, tì-kàu bē-ēng--tit chiap-sio̍k sán-seng khí-iū-chit, sui-bóng án-ne, rodent soah ē--tit sio-liân-sòa sán-seng khí-iū-chit, tio̍h chia̍p-chia̍p khì gè-gia̍t chē-chē mi̍h-kiāⁿ lâi bôa-tiāu chhùi-khí, chiah tō͘-ē-o̍ah. Khah-sú rodent bô-thang gè-gia̍t mi̍h-kiāⁿ, in-ê chhùi-khí chiong-kî-bóe ē thuh-phòa chhùi-khiuⁿ. Rodent ê mn̂g-khí hun-chò 2 pō͘-hūn: tûn-chhek (*labial*) sī khí-iū-chit ná khí-koan, a̍h sia̍t-chhek (*lingual*) sī khí-pún-chit ná khí-kha. Che khí-koan kap khí-kha ē 1-sì-lâng tâng-chê sio-liân-sòa sán-seng. \n\nKah kî-thaⁿ tāi-to-sò͘ ê tōng-bu̍t bô-kāng, soa-hî lī-iōng bô-kâng ê ki-choán ē kui-sì-lâng sio-liân-sòa hoat sin ê chhùi-khí. In-ūi soa-hî ê chhùi-khí bô khí-kha, chia̍h mn̄g-kiāⁿ gâu lak chhùi-khí (tōng-bu̍t-ka ko͘-kè, 1-chiah soa-hî 1-tang siāng-bô lak 2400 khí chhùi-khí), ài it-ti̍t pó͘-chhiong sin khí. soa-hî ê chhùi-khí ùi khò-kīn chhùi-chi̍h ê modified scale sán-seng, tng sêng-sek ê-sî chiah 1-pâi 1-pâi ǹg-gōa sóa-chhut lâi gōa-kháu sú-iōng, jiân-āu thǹg-khí.\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ A. R. Ten Cate, *Oral Histology: Development, Structure, and Function*, 5th ed. (Saint Louis: Mosby-Year Book, 1998), p. 95.\n2. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 81.\n3. ↑ University of Texas Medical Branch.\n4. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 102.\n5. ↑ University of Texas Medical Branch.\n6. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 86.\n7. ↑ University of Texas Medical Branch.\n8. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 86 and 102.\n9. ↑ Ross, Michael H. Gordon I. Kaye, and Wojciech Pawlina. \"Histology: a text and atlas.\" 4th ed, p. 453.\n10. ↑ Ash & Nelson, *Wheeler's Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion*, pp. 32, 45, and 53.\n11. ↑ University of Southern California School of Dentistry, *The Bell Stage: Image 26* found here Archived 2007-05-05 at the Wayback Machine..\n12. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 81.\n13. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 82.\n14. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 84.\n15. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 84.\n16. ↑ University of Texas Medical Branch.\n17. ↑ University of Southern California School of Dentistry, *The Bell Stage: Image 30* found here Archived 2007-05-05 at the Wayback Machine..\n18. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 87.\n19. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 89.\n20. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 86.\n21. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 95.\n22. ↑ Ross, Kaye, and Pawlina, *Histologoy: a text and atlas*, p. 444.\n23. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 95.\n24. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 197.\n25. ↑ Ross, Kaye, and Pawlina, *Histology: Text and Atlas*, p. 445.\n26. ↑ Ross, Kaye, and Pawlina, *Histology: Text and Atlas*, p. 447.\n27. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 136.\n28. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 95.\n29. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 138.\n30. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 139.\n31. ↑ Summitt, *Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry*, p. 13.\n32. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 128.\n33. ↑ Summitt, *Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry*, p. 183.\n34. ↑ Johnson, *Biology of the Human Dentition*, p. 183.\n35. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 236.\n36. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 241.\n37. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, pp. 241 and 243.\n38. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 241.\n39. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 245.\n40. ↑ Ross, Kaye, and Pawlina, *Histology: Text and Atlas*, p. 453.\n41. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 245.\n42. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 244.\n43. ↑ Ross, Kaye, and Pawlina, *Histology: Text and Atlas*, p. 452.\n44. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, pp. 247 and 248.\n45. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 248.\n46. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 93.\n47. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 93.\n48. ↑ Cate, *Oral Histology*, p. 93.\n49. ↑ Ross, Kaye, and Pawlina, *Histology: Text and Atlas*, p. 452.\n50. ↑ Riolo and Avery, *Essentials for Orthodontic Practice*, p. 142.\n51. ↑ Harris, *Craniofacial Growth and Devleopment*, pp. 1-3.\n52. ↑ Harris, *Craniofacial Growth and Devleopment*, p. 3.\n53. ↑ Harris, *Craniofacial Growth and Devleopment*, p. 5.\n54. ↑ The American Dental Association, *Tooth Eruption Charts* found here.\n55. ↑ Ash & Nelson, *Wheeler's Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion*, pp. 38 and 41.\n56. ↑ Ash & Nelson, *Wheeler's Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion*, pp. 38.\n57. ↑ WebMd, *Dental Health: Your Child's Teeth* found here.\n58. ↑ Ash & Nelson, *Wheeler's Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion*, pp. 41.\n59. ↑ Monthly Microscopy Explorations, *Exploration of the Month: January 1998* found here.\n60. ↑ Health Hawaii, *Primary Teeth: Importance and Care* found here Archived 2007-02-06 at the Wayback Machine..\n61. ↑ Ash & Nelson, *Wheeler's Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion*, p. 53.\n62. ↑ The American Dental Hygiene Association, *Nutritional Factors in Tooth Development* found here Archived 2013-01-06 at the Wayback Machine..\n63. ↑ Ross, Kaye, and Pawlina, *Histology: Text and Atlas*, p. 453.\n64. ↑ The American Dental Hygiene Association, *Table II. Effects of nutrient deficiencies on tooth development* found here Archived 2013-01-06 at the Wayback Machine..\n65. ↑ Neville, Damm, Allen, and Bouquot, *Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology*, p. 70.\n66. ↑ Kahn, *Basic Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology*, p. 49.\n67. ↑ Neville, Damm, Allen, and Bouquot, *Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology*, p. 86.\n68. ↑ Neville, Damm, Allen, and Bouquot, *Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology*, p. 99.\n69. ↑ Kahn, *Basic Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology*, p. 58.\n70. ↑ Frandson and Spurgeon, *Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals.*, p. 305.\n71. ↑ Caceci. *Veterinary Histology* with subtitle \"Digestive System: Oral Cavity\" found here.\n72. ↑ Dave Abbott, *Sharks*, found here.\n73. ↑ Michael E. Williams, *Jaws: The early years*, found here Archived 2016-03-24 at the Wayback Machine..\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Abbott, Dave. \"Sharks\". 2000. Page accessed January 7, 2006.\n* The American Academy of Periodontology Archived 2005-12-14 at the Wayback Machine.. \"Oral Health Information for the Public\" Archived 2006-12-09 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved December 12, 2005.\n* The American Dental Association. \"Tooth Eruption Charts\". Retrieved December 12, 2005.\n* The American Dental Hygiene Association. \"Nutritional Factors in Tooth Development\" Archived 2013-01-06 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved December 10, 2005.\n* The American Dental Hygiene Association. \"Table II. Effects of nutrient deficiencies on tooth development\" Archived 2013-01-06 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved December 10, 2005.\n* Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. *Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion.* 8th edition. 2003. ISBN 0721693822.\n* Buchheim, Jason. \"A Quick Course in Ichthyology\". Page accessed January 7, 2006.\n* Cate, A.R. Ten. Oral Histology: development, structure, and function. 5th ed. 1998. ISBN 0815129521.\n* Caceci, Thomas. *Veterinary Histology* with subtitle \"Digestive System: Oral Cavity\". Retrieved December 15, 2005.\n* Frandson, R.D. & T.L. Spurgeon, 1992. *Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals.* 5th edition. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger. ISBN 0812114353.\n* Harris, Edward F. *Craniofacial Growth and Development.* In the section entitled \"Tooth Eruption.\" 2002.\n* Health Hawaii. \"Primary Teeth: Importance and Care\" Archived 2007-02-06 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved December 12, 2005.\n* Johnson, Clarke. \"Biology of the Human Dentition\". 1998.\n* Kahn, Michael A. Basic Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Volume 1. 2001.\n* Monthly Microscopy Explorations. \"Exploration of the Month: January 1998\". Retrieved December 12, 2005.\n* Neville, B.W. Douglas Damm, Carl Allen, Jerry Bouquot. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology. 2nd edition. 2002. ISBN 0721690033.\n* Randall-Bowman, 2004. \"Gummed Out: Young Horses Lose Many Teeth, Vet Says.\" April 2004. Article found here Archived 2005-03-03 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved January 7, 2006.\n* Riolo, Michael L. and James K. Avery. *Essentials for Orthodontic Practice*. 1st edition. 2003. ISBN 097205460X.\n* Ross, Michael H. Gordon I. Kaye, and Wojciech Pawlina. Histology: a text and atlas. 4th edition. 2003. ISBN 0683302426.\n* Summit, James B. J. William Robbins, and Richard S. Schwartz. *Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry: A Contemporary Approach.* 2nd edition. Carol Stream, Illinois, Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc. 2001. ISBN 0867153822.\n* University of Southern California School of Dentistry. \"The Bell Stage: Image 26\" Archived 2007-05-05 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved December 11, 2005.\n* University of Southern California School of Dentistry. \"The Bell Stage: Image 30\" Archived 2007-05-05 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved December 11, 2005.\n* University of Texas Medical Branch. \"Lab Exercises: Tooth development.\" Page found here Archived 2007-02-03 at the Wayback Machine..\n* Williams, Michael E. \"Jaws: The early years\" Archived 2016-03-24 at the Wayback Machine.. 1992. Page accessed January 7, 2006.\n* WebMd. \"Dental Health: Your Child's Teeth\". Retrieved December 12, 2005.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Bio-anthropology and ancient DNA\n* Database on the expression of different genes in the developing tooth. Archived 2011-04-10 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Integumentary Development Tooth by Dr. Mark Hill from the University of New South Wales Embryology Resource\n* Veterinary Histology by Dr. Thomas Caceci.\n\ntemplate:tooth development [en]","meta":{"title":"Chhùi-khí ê hoat-io̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[8529,36905,0.23110689608454138],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":43543}} -{"text":"\n*The World Factbook* ê hong-bīn\n***The World Factbook*** sī Bí-kok Tiong-iong Chêng-pò-kio̍k (CIA) chhut-pán ê tiau-cha pò-kò, hoat-pò͘ sè-kài kok-kok kap tē-khu ê tāi-khài chōng-hóng, pau-hâm jîn-kháu, tē-lí, chèng-tī, keng-chè téng ta̍k hong-bīn ê thóng-kè sò͘-kì. In-ūi CIA sī Bí-kok ê chèng-hú pō͘-bûn, só͘-í i-ê chu-liāu keh-sek kap lōe-iông lóng ài ha̍p-hô Bí-kok chèng-hú ê koaⁿ-hong su-kiû kap li̍p-tiûⁿ. *The World Factbook* lāi-té ê chu-liāu sī iû Bí-kok Kok-bū Pō͘, Bí-kok Phó͘-cha Kio̍k kap Bí-kok Kok-hông Pō͘ téng-téng chèng-hú pō͘-bûn kap kî-hā ê siong-koan tan-ūi thê-kiong.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***CIA World Factbook*** |\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n***The World Factbook*** |\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām\n* *CIA World Factbook* as XML\n* The *World Factbook* for Google Earth Archived 2008-12-27 at the Wayback Machine. – The *Factbook* as Google Earth placemarks\n* On stephansmap.org – The *CIA World Factbook* accessible by location and date range; covers the years 2001–2007. All *Factbook* entries are tagged with \"cia\". Requires graphical browser with javascript.\n* The current *CIA World Factbook* in Excel spreadsheet format","meta":{"title":"The World Factbook","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[499,1099,0.454049135577798],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1396}} -{"text":"**Tiong-kok khong-khì tōng-li̍k gián-kiù kì huat-tián tiong-sim** (ing-gú: China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC); hàn-gú: 中國空氣動力研究與發展中心; koh kiò-tsò Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng kun tē-29 tshì-giām hùn-liān ki-tē (Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng kun 63820 pōo-tuī)) sîng-li̍p tī 1968-nî, sio̍k-î Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng kun tsiàn-lio̍k tsi-uān pōo-tuī, sī Tiong-kok siōng-tuā ê khong-khì tōng-li̍k-ha̍k gián-kiù hām tshik-tshì ki-kòo, tsham-ú ko tshiau-im-sok tō-tān ki-su̍t huat-tián. Tiong-sim khiā tī Tiong-kok Sù-tshuan síng Mî-iông tshī An-tsiu khu (安州區), bo̍k-tsîng ū 1600 guā miâ kho-ki jîn-guân teh hiah tsò-sit.Tsit-ê tiong-sim uì 1999-nî í-lâi it-ti̍t hōo Bí-kok siong-bū pōo lia̍t-ji̍p si̍t-thé miâ-tuann lāi-té.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 我市召开庆祝中国人民解放军建军89周年暨推进军民深度融合发展座谈会 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n，中国绵阳，2016-07-29\n2. 1 2 Nakashima, Ellen; Shih, Gerry. \"China builds advanced weapons systems using American chip technology\". *The Washington Post* (ēng Eng-gí). ISSN 0190-8286. 2021-04-08 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ 黄勇一行到安县走访座谈 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n，安县政务网，2016-02-01\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng kun kok-hông kho-ha̍k uí-uân-huē (中國人民解放軍國防科學技術委員會)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Official website (English language version)\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 134031144\n* LCCN: no2002071327\n* ISNI: 0000 0004 7434 0868\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tiong-kok khong-khì tōng-le̍k gián-kiù kì hoat-tián tiong-sim","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[569,1341,0.424310216256525],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1642}} -{"text":"**Guā-kho tsiànn-tsong** (hàn-gú: 外科正宗) sī Bîng-tiâu tiong-i ha̍k tù-tsok, Tîn Si̍t-kong (陳實功/Tân Si̍t-kong) tù-tsok, uân-sîng tī Bān-li̍k 45-nî (1617-nî). Guân su 45-kuàn, m̄-ku king-kuè āu-jîn tsing-san, kái-tsok 12-kuàn.\n\nLuē-iông\n--------\n\nGuā-kho tsiànn-tsong khai-sí sing lūn pēnn-guân, tsín-tuàn kap tī-liâu tíng-tíng; koh-lâi kā guā-kho tian-tian khuànn-tio̍h ê 100 guā-tsióng pēnn-tsìng hun-luī kui-sio̍k; pīng-tshiánn lūn-su̍t in-ê tsìng-hāu (證侯), pēnn-lí (病理), tī-liâu hong-io̍h (治療方藥), tsiam-kù (針灸), kip-kiù giām-tsìng (急救驗案) í-ki̍p io̍h-bu̍t liān-tsè (藥物煉製) ta̍k tsióng ê hong-huat; lóng-tsóng ū 150 guā lūn; pīng-tshiánn hù-iú pēnn-tsìng huē-tôo (症狀繪圖), hong-io̍h kua-kuat tíng-tíng.\n\nKòng-hiàn\n---------\n\nTsheh lāi jīn-uî guā-tsìng pit-su kin-ki teh luē-tsìng, tsú-tiunn put-ta ài tiong-si guā-tī, koh su-iàu tiōng-sī luē-tī; kì kiông-tiāu tsá-kî tshiú-su̍t, iū-koh huán-tuì lām-sú to-tsiam. Huat-tián tsia̍t-ki (截肢), pháinn kut (壞骨) the̍h-tû, phīnn-tī (鼻息肉) tik-tû (摘除), ín-liû tíng-tíng ê tshiú-su̍t; pīng-tshiánn thâu-sing koh siông-sè kì-tsài khì-kńg guā-siong ê thīn-ha̍p-su̍t (縫合術).\n\nGuā-kho tsiànn-tsong tsóng-kiat Bîng-tiâu í-tsîng guak-ho ha̍k í-tsîng guā-kho ha̍k ê sîng-tsiū, sī tiong-i guā-kho ha̍k tiōng-iàu ê tù-tsok.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 陳實功，\"外科正宗\"，中國，中醫古籍出版社，1999-/07-01. ISBN 7800138399 (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* phīnn-tī (鼻息肉)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 外科正宗 中藥方劑圖像數據庫 (香港浸會大學中醫藥學院) (Hàn-gí) (Eng-gí)\n* 外科正宗 (Hàn-gí)\n* 外科正宗--中國哲學書電子化計畫 (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Gōa-kho chiàⁿ-chong","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[225,1526,0.1474442988204456],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1791}} -{"text":"\nMedical conditionPang-bô͘:SHORTDESC:Medical condition\n**Chiù-khí** sī chhùi-khí pēⁿ ê 1 khoán koè-têng kap kiat-kó. In-ūi gê-khí ê kiat-kò· siū siong-hāi, chhùi-khí seⁿ chiù-khang. Chiù-khí sī put-chí-á phó·-phiàn ê pēⁿ, kan-na kám-mō· koh khah phó·-phiàn. It-poaⁿ lâi kóng, gín-á, nî-hoè khah chió ê sêng-liân-lâng hoat-seng chiù-khí ê pí-lē khah koân, chóng--sī jīm-hô lâng to̍h ū khó-lêng hoat-seng. Chiù-khí sī siàu-liân-lâng lak chhùi-khí siāng-kài chú-iàu ê goân-in.\n\nGoân-in\n-------\n\nChiù-khí ê hoat-pēⁿ in-toaⁿ kap hoat-pēⁿ koè-têng ia̍h-bô chin chheng-chhó, m̄-koh tāi-pō·-hūn lóng jīn-ûi kah sè-khún, sng, í-ki̍p thoat-kài-hoà (*decalcification*) ū tī-tāi. Pêng-siông-sî lán lâng ê kháu-khiuⁿ thàu-té lo̍h-ū sè-khún tī--leh. Lán teh chia̍h mi̍h ê sî-chūn, hia ê sè-khún tio̍h ē kā carbohydrate, te̍k-pia̍t sī chià-thn̂g, siau-hoà sán-seng sng. Tī sng ê khoân-kéng chi-hā, pH-ti̍t kàng-kē, chhùi-khí hoat-seng kài lî-chú (*calcium ion*) kap lîn-sng-kin lî-chú (*phosphate ion*) ùi gê-iū-chit kái-lî chhut--lâi ê thoat-kài-hoà hiān-siōng, sûi-āu pH-ti̍t seng-koân, ah kài lî-chú kap lîn-sng-kin lî-chú ē koh-chài tîm-chek tńg--khì hêng-sêng koh-kài-hoà (*recalcificatioh*), ia̍h tio̍h-sī kóng tú-khí-seng ê chiù-khí sī ē-tàng hoê-ho̍k--ê, m̄-koh nā thoat-kài-hoà khah iâⁿ-bīn, chiù-khí choâⁿ lâi hoat-seng. Sè-khún, sng, lah-sap-mi̍h-á kah chhùi-nōa thàu-lām chò-hoé chiâⁿ-chò 1-khoán liâm-liâm iū-koh n̂g-n̂g, chiâⁿ-gâu liâm chhùi-khí ê bu̍t-chit, hō·-lâng hō-chò khí-khún-pan (*dental plaque*). Khí-khún-pan poaⁿ-ián chiù-khí kap khí-chiu-pēⁿ ê koan-kiān kha-siàu.\n\n### Kî-thaⁿ in-sò͘\n\n* **Chhùi-khí**\n\nChhùi-khí ê **kò͘-chō**, te̍k-pia̍t sī chhùi-khí ê piáu-bīn chham chiù-khí chiâⁿ ū koan-hē. Chiù-khí ê hoat-seng-lu̍t kah chhùi-khí piáu-bīn ê hu̍t (氟), sin (鋅), iân (鉛) hâm thih (鐵) lî-chú ê liōng hêng-sêng hoán-pí ê koan-hē. Chhùi-khí ê **hêng-thāi** mā-sī in-sò· chi-it, sió-khut-á kap li̍h-phāng (*pit and fissure*) chiâⁿ iông-ī tui-chek gê-khún-pan ín-khí chiù-khí. Chhùi-khí ê **ūi-tī** mā-ū éng-hióng, pí-jû chhò-ūi (*malposition*) ê chhùi-khí, sé khah bē chheng-khì, tio̍h khah-gâu chiù-khí.\n\n* **Chhùi-nōa**\n\nChhùi-nōa ê chē-chió tùi chiù-khí ū tiōng-tōa ê éng-hióng, chhùi-nōa nā chē tio̍h khah boē chiù-khí; chhùi-nōa nā chió tio̍h khah gâu chiù-khí.\n\n```\n tghbn ng b rev gb gv bntgb. gb b g b fv m bob mb ngvb ngbn g vb 'edfcv mnfv nb nnghbn mgb mgvb v fan gb bn non tvb nnt v. vbb gb. b\n```\n\nChèng-thâu kah cheng-siōng\n--------------------------\n\n### Chèng-chōng (*syndrome*)\n\nChiù-khí bô tiāⁿ-tio̍h ē thiàⁿ, phó·-lio̍k lâi kóng tio̍h tán-kàu gê-iū-chit hō· phò·-hāi kàu siong-tong thêng-tō·, chiah-ē thiàⁿ. Chiù-khí mā bô-tek-khak ē-ū chiâⁿ tōa ê chiù-khang tī chhùi-khí ê piáu-bīn hō· lâng khòaⁿ-kìⁿ, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī piáu-bīn kan-tāⁿ ū sè-ka-khang-á ê khang-chhùi, lāi-té í-keng chiù kah khang-khang-khang.\n\n### Cheng-siōng (*sign*)\n\nFig: **Chiù-khí ê tiān-kong-phìⁿ**\nGê-i-su chú-iàu sī thàu-kòe **ti̍t-chiap koan-chhat**, **thàm-chiam thàm-chhek** (*probing*), kap **tiān-kong liap-iáⁿ** (*radiograph*) lâi kiám-cha chiù-khí. Gê-i-su tāi-seng ti̍t-chiap koan-chhat kám-ū chiù-khí? Chiù-khí ê lîm-chhn̂g cheng-siōng siāng tāi-seng sī \"pe̍h-tiám\". Tī pe̍h-tiám sî-kî iah-bô chhùi-khí kò·-chō ê bêng-hián sòng-sit, chiù-khang ê chìn-hêng sī ē-tàng hôe-ho̍k--ê. Kàu--liáu khah lo̍h--bóe ū kim-sio̍k lî-chí, chhùi-nōa ê nn̄g-pe̍h-chit, he̍k-sī hun-tái tîm-chek ê sî, pe̍h-tiám tio̍h piàn-sêng n̂g-sek, ka-pi-sek, he̍k-sī o·-sek, soah--lâi chiù-chhng khai-sí chhut-hiān jî-chhiáⁿ bē-tàng koh hôe-ho̍k. Gê-i-su soah--lo̍h-lâi ē iōng thàm-chiam thàm-chhek chiù-khang. Sú-iōng tiān-kong liap-iáⁿ ē-tàng pang-chān chiù-khí ê chín-toān, m̄-koh tiān-kong-phìⁿ só· khòaⁿ--tio̍h ê chiù-khang pí si̍t-chè siōng ê chiù-khang khah sè.\n\nFig: **Chiù-khí ê sī-ì-tô·ē-tàng kah chiù-khí ê tiān-kong-phìⁿ tùi-chiàu**\nLîm-chhn̂g siōng, tùi 3 ê kak-tō· kā chiù-khí hun-chòe 6 lūi:\n\n* Chiù-khí ê ūi-tì:\n\t+ **Sió-khut-á kap li̍h-phāng chiù-khí**: chiù-khí tī chhùi-khí kā-ha̍h bīn ê sió-khut-á kap li̍h-phāng.\n\t+ **Pêng-ku̍t bīn chiù-khí**: chiù-khí tī chhùi-khí ê pêng-ku̍t piáu-bīn.\n* Hoat-pēⁿ ê sok-tō·:\n\t+ **Kip-sèng chiù-khí**: hoat-chok liáu chiok-kín , siâng-chāi chhut-hiān tī 20 hòe chìn-chêng, pí-jû kóng *rampant caries*.\n\t+ **Bān-sèng chiù-khí**: hoat-seng ê sok-tō· chiâⁿ bān, pí-jû kóng *arrested caries*, ū tang-sî-á ē chū-jiân siau-sit.\n* Goân-hoat a̍h sī chài-hoat:\n\t+ **Goân-hoat-sèng chiù-khí**: chiù-khí hoat-seng tī goân-té bô chiù-khí ê gê-iū-chit he̍k gê-pún-chit.\n\t+ **Chài-hoat-sèng chiù-khí**: chiù-khí hoat-seng tī thiām-pó·-bu̍t chi-hā he̍k pian-iân.\n\nTī-liâu\n-------\n\nPhò-hāi--khì ê chhùi-khí kiat-kò· bô-hoat-tō· oân-choân koh seⁿ--chut-lâi, sui-bóng chhùi-khiuⁿ oē-seng nā î-chhî tī sek-tòng ê piau-chún, hui-siông sè ê chho·-kî chiù-khang ē koh-kài-hòa--tńg-lâi. Tùi hui-siông sè ê chiù-khang, kio̍k-pō· ê hu̍t-hoà-bu̍t ē-sái chhiok-chìn koh-kài-hoà. Tùi khah-toā ê chiù-khang ē-sái thàu-koè tī-liâu lâi chiong-chí chiù-khi ê chin-tián. Tī-liâu ê bo̍k-phiau sī pó-liû chhùi-khí ê khí-chit kap phiah-bián chin-chi̍t-pō· ê phò-hāi. \n\nIt-poaⁿ lâi-kóng, chá-kî ê tī-liâu sī khah bē thiàⁿ--ê, mā khah bē khai-chîⁿ. Kio̍k-pō· bâ-chùi (*anesthetic*), nitrous oxide (\"laughing gas\"), he̍k kî-thaⁿ ê io̍h-bu̍t khó-lêng ē-sái pang-chān kiám-kheng tī-liâu ê thiàⁿ-thàng kap chiau-cho. Ko-sok chhiú-ki kap boâ-chiam pī the̍h-lâi boâ-tû toā-pō·-hūn ê chiù-chhng. Thng-sî o̍·-á (*spoon excavator*) pī the̍h-lâi sè-jī ê î-tû chiù-khí, iû-kî sī chiù-khí chiok oá khí-chhoé ê chêng-hêng. Chiù-chhng î-tû chheng-khì liáu-āu, song-sit ê chhùi-khí khí-chit su-iàu siu-ho̍k-thé lâi hui-ho̍k chhùi-khí ê kong-lêng kap bí-koan.\n\nSiu-ho̍k ēng ê châi-liāu ū a-má-káng, ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí, iù-hûi-á, kap kim-á. Ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí kap iù-hûi-á in-ūi hó-khoàⁿ, pī sú-iōng tī su-iàu khó-lū bí-koan ê só·-chāi. M̄-koh ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí khah nńg, iù-hî-á khah chhè, tī su-iàu khah-toā ê pō· ê la̍t ê āu-piah-khí, ū-ê gê-i-su ē khó-lū kiàn-gī sú-iōng a-má-káng he̍k n̂g-kim. Nā-sī chiù-khang siuⁿ-koè-toā, chhùi-khí bē-tàng kan-taⁿ iōng thiâm-pó· ê hong-sek lâi siu-ho̍k. chit-ê sî-chūn, tio̍h su-iàu khí-lông. Khí-lông sī 1 ê thò-á, kā chhùi-khí pau--khí-lâi. Khí-lông tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sú-iōng n̂g-kim, iù-hûi-á, he̍k iù-hûi iông-kàu kim-sio̍k (porcelain fused to metal) chia ê châi-liāu chè-chō. \n\nTī chi̍t-kóa chêng-hêng hā, kin-kńg tī-liâu sī su-iàu ê. Kin-kńg tī-liâu koh kiò-chò khí-lāi tī-liâu. Chhùi-khí nā in-ūi chiù-khí he̍k goā-siong tì-sú khí-chhoé kám-jiám hoat-iām, tio̍h su-iàu kin-kńg tī-liâu. Tī khí-lāi tī-liâu, sîn-keng kap hoeh-kńg chia-ê khí-chhoé kap chiù-khí lóng hông î-tû chheng-khì. Kin-kńg pī iōng endodontic file lâi chheng-kiat kap sok-hêng, lō·-boé koh iōng chhiūⁿ chhiūⁿ-ni ê gutta-percha lâi thūn. Tī-liâu soah, chhùi-khí ài iōng khí-lông kā khàm--khí-lâi. \n\nChiù-khí nā hûi-siông giâm-tiōng, tio̍h ài kā chhùi-khí bán-tiāu. Bô tùi-kā-khí (*opposing tooth*), he̍k lâu--lo̍h-lâi ē ín-khí chin-chi̍t-pō· ê būn-tê, he̍k tì-hūi-khí lóng-sī bán-chhùi-khí ê sek-èng-chèng. Pēⁿ-lâng nā-sī bô-hoat-tō· he̍k m̄-goān hù siu-ho̍k ê hùi-iōng, he̍k siu-ho̍k ū khùn-lân, bán-chhùi-khí khó-lêng mā-sī kiàn-gī ê soán-tek.\n\nHiān-tāi siâng-chāi sú-iōng ê thiâm-pó· châi-liāu ū:\n\n* **a-má-káng** (*amalgam*)\n* **Ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí** (*composite resin*)\n\nKhah-tōa ê chiù-khang nā sú-iōng ti̍t-chiap thiâm-pó· ê hong-sek khah-bô thò-tòng, pit-su keng-kòe kā-bô· (*impression taking*), koàn-bô· (*pouring cast*), tih-la̍h (*waxup*), hoan-soa (*investing*), kap chù-chō (*casting*) téng-téng kòe-têng, chòe-aū chò-sêng **kham-thé** (*inlay*), **koan-kài-thé** (*onlay*), he̍k-sī **khí-lông** (*crown*), chiah-koh iōng liâm-ha̍p-che (*dental cement*) liâm tī chhùi-khí, án-ne chiah ē-tàng hoe-ho̍k chhùi-khí ê gōa-hêng kap kong-lêng. Kham-thé, koan-kài-thé, kap khí-lông só· sú-iōng ê châi-liāu ū :\n\n* **Khe-kim** (*gold alloys*)\n* **Phó·-thong kim-sio̍k** (*base metal*)\n* **Iù-hûi-á** (*porcelain*)\n* **Ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí** (*composite resin*)\n\nĪ-hông\n------\n\n### Chia̍h-mi̍h khòng-chè\n\nSiāng ū-hāu ê ī-hông hoat-to· chi-it sī chīn-liōng mài chia̍h cheng-chè ê thn̂g-lūi chia̍h-mi̍h.\nNā-beh chia̍h tit hoaⁿ-hí, koh bē chhùi-khí-thiàⁿ, tû-liáu ióng-sêng liông-hó ê kháu-khiuⁿ chheng-kiat koàn-sì í-gōa, koh-ài phòe-ha̍p chia̍h-si̍t koán-lí, soán-tek sek-tòng ê chia̍h-mi̍h, kap khòng-chè gâu chiù-khí ê chia̍h-mi̍h ê liap-chhú-liōng.\n\nIt-poan lâi-kóng, liâm-sèng koân, hâm thn̂g chē, cheng-chè ê piáⁿ-koaⁿ tiám-sim sī siāng-gâu chiù-khí ê chia̍h-mi̍h. In-chhú teh chia̍h tiám-sim ê sî-chūn, tio̍h-ài chim-chiok soán-tek.\n\n#### Khòng-chè chia̍h-si̍t ê chò-hoat\n\n* Ióng-sêng tha̍k si̍t-phín piau-chhiam ê koàn-sì tāi-seng, m̄-thang kò·-bé hâm thn̂g siuⁿ chē ê si̍t-phín.\n* kā gâu chiù-khí ê si̍t-bu̍t chīn-liōng hān-chè tī 3 tǹg pn̄g-chêng he̍k pn̄g-āu 1 tiám-cheng lāi lâi chia̍h，jî-chhiáⁿ pn̄g-āu ài sé-chhùi bín-chhùi-khí, sé liáu bē-sái koh chia̍h mi̍h-kiāⁿ.\n* Chim-chiok soán-tek 3 tǹg chi-kan ê tiám-sim.\n\t+ Khah mài chia̍h chē thn̂g gâu liâm chhùi-khí ê chia̍h-mi̍h, soán-tek kî-thaⁿ sek-ha̍p ê tāi-iōng-phín.\n\t+ Soán-tek sú-iōng chheⁿ-chhài kóe-chí lâi chò 3 tǹg chi-kan ê tiám-sim.\n\t+ Pē-bú he̍k-chiah sī-tōa mài iōng thn̂g-kó lâi chiáng-lē kap phiàn gin-á.\n\t+ Chhù-lāi ê lâng ê li̍p-tiûⁿ tio̍h-ài siāng-khoán, chiah-bē kā gin-á ê koan-liām chhòng--loān-khì.\n\n#### Chia̍h-mi̍h ê soán-tek\n\n* **Chīn-liōng phiah-bián ê chia̍h-mi̍h**: \nchi-ku-la̍t (chi-ku-la̍t gû-leng), chhiū-ni-thn̂g, ngē ê thn̂g-kó, thn̂g-á-chhiám (棒棒糖), thô·-tāu-thn̂g, toffee thn̂g (太妃糖), peng-kî-lîm, tiⁿ-kho͘-pháng (甜甜圈), lìn-gò͘-phài (phông-kó-phài; 蘋果派), chó-á-ko (棗糕), hâm-thn̂g ê piáⁿ-koaⁿ, kho͘-khó͘-ah (可可), khì-chúi, ka-thn̂g ê kó-chiap, phô-tô-koaⁿ, kóe-chí koàn-thâu, kó-chiùⁿ, phang-bi̍t, thô·-tāu-chiùⁿ (花生醬) téng-téng.\n* **Ē-ēng-tit khó-lū ê chia̍h-mi̍h**: \nSo·-tá piáⁿ , bô-thn̂g ê chhiū-ni-thn̂g, thô͘-tāu, he̍k-thô, koe-chí, bán-thô, pau-á, po̍h-piánn (烙餅), pe̍h-kún-chúi, chió-thn̂g he̍k-chiá bô-thn̂g ê liâng-chúi, bô ka-kang--kòe ê chhài-se hām kóe-chí, ke-bah-kak, bah-so͘, hî-so· kah liû-hî-si.\n\n### Kháu-khiuⁿ ōe-seng\n\nLiông-hó ê kháu-khiuⁿ ōe-seng sī ī-hông chiù-khí ê tē-2 ê hoat-tō͘, te̍k-pia̍t sī pêng-hôa bīn ê chiù-khí. 1 kang siāng-chió 1 kái sú-iōng **khí-bín-á** sé-chhùi kap **khí-sòaⁿ** chheng chhùi-khí-phāng sī chiâⁿ tiōng-iàu ê chheng-kia̍t khang-khòe. Sú-iōng ū lām chlorhexidine ê lo̍k-chhùi-chúi sui-jiân ê-tàng ek-chè gê-khún-pan lâi hêng-sêng, m̄-koh gê-i-su bô chàn-sêng tn̂g-kî sú-iōng.\n\n### Kái-piàn chhùi-khí piáu-bīn he̍k chhùi-khí kò·-chō\n\nHu̍t lî-chí tn̂g-sî-kan tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kap khí-iū-chit chiap-chhiok ē-tàng sú-ti̍t chá-kî ê chiù-khí koh-chài kài-hòa, lēng-gōa koân lông-tō· ê hu̍t mā ē-tàng ek-chè gê-khún-pan sán-seng sng. Só·-í hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t ē-tàng kiám-chió chhùi-khí kài-chit ê liû-sit, pang-chō· chá-kî chiù-khí ê hôe-ho̍k, sú-ti̍t chhùi-khí tùi chiù-khí koh-khah ū té-khòng-la̍t. Gê-i-su siâng-chài kiàn-gī lī-iōng hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t ê hoat-tō· ū:\n\n### Kî-thaⁿ ê pō͘-sò͘\n\n* **Tī lim ê chúi chham-ji̍p hu̍t** (飲水加氟)\n* **Chia̍h hu̍t ê io̍h-á** (口服氟錠)\n* **Hâm hu̍t khí-ko kap lo̍k-chhùi-chúi**\n* **Kio̍k-pō͘ chhat hu̍t** (局部塗氟)\n\nKái-piàn chhùi-khí piáu-bīn he̍k chhùi-khí kò·-chō ê lēng 1-ê hó hoat-tō· sī:\n\n* **Sió-khut-á kap li̍h-phāng hong-pì**\n\nSú-iōng liû-tōng-sèng chiâⁿ-hó ê chhiū-chí kā chhùi-khí ka-ha̍p bīn siāng-gâu chiù-khang ê sió-khut-á kap li̍h-phāng hong-pì--khí-lâi sī ī-hông sió-khut-á kap li̍h-phāng chiù-khí siāng-hó ê hoat-tō·.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. 1 2\n2. 1 2\n3. ↑\n4. 1 2\n5. ↑\n6. ↑\n7. ↑\n8. ↑ Dental Cavities, *MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia*, page accessed August 14, 2006.\n9. ↑ Oral Health Topics: Anesthesia Frequently Asked Questions, hosted on the American Dental Association website. Page accessed August 16, 2006.\n10. ↑ Summit, James B. J. William Robbins, and Richard S. Schwartz. \"Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry: A Contemporary Approach.\" 2nd edition. Carol Stream, Illinois, Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc, 2001, p. 128. ISBN 0-86715-382-2.\n11. ↑ \"Aspects of Treatment of Cavities and of Caries Disease\" from the Disease Control Priorities Project. Page accessed August 15, 2006.\n12. ↑ Oral Health Topics: Dental Filling Options, hosted on the American Dental Association website. Page accessed August 16, 2006.\n13. ↑ What is a Root Canal?, hosted by the Academy of General Dentistry. Page accessed on August 16, 2006.\n14. ↑ FAQs About Root Canal Treatment, hosted on the American Association of Endodontists website. Page accessed August 16, 2006.\n15. ↑ Wisdom Teeth Archived 2006-04-18 at the Wayback Machine. packet in pdf format hosted by the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Page accessed on August 16, 2006.\n\nIân-sin oa̍t-tho̍k\n------------------\n\n* Nanci, A. (2013). *Ten Cate's Oral Histology*. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0323078467.\n* B. A. Burt et S. Pai, Sugar consumption and caries risk : a systematic review, 2001\n* M Woodward & A. R. Walker, Sugar consumption and dental caries : evidence from 90 countries, 1994\n\nGoā-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Chiù-khí*** |\n\nThe offline app allows you to download all of Wikipedia's medical articles in an app to access them when you have no Internet.Wikipedia's health care articles can be viewed offline with the **Medical Wikipedia app**.\n* Chiù-khí teh DMOZ\n* Centers for Disease Control: Dental Caries\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85036872\n* GND: 4029669-6\n* BNF: cb11964910v (data)\n* NKC: ph127692\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Chiù-khí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[4515,13447,0.3357626236335242],"infobox":["
    Chiù-khí
    Other names\nDental cavities, dental caries, cavities, caries
    \n
    \nChiù-khí kah khì-pìⁿ chō-sêng chúi-khì ê sún-siong.
    Pronunciation\n
    Specialty\nGê-i-ha̍k
    Symptoms\nPain, tooth loss, difficulty eating
    Complications\nInflammation around the tooth, tooth loss, infection or abscess formation
    Duration\nLong term
    Causes\nBacteria producing acid from food debris
    Risk factors\nDiet high in simple sugar, diabetes mellitus, Sjögren syndrome, medications that decrease saliva
    Prevention\nLow-sugar diet, teeth brushing, fluoride, flossing
    Medication\nParacetamol (acetaminophen), ibuprofen
    Frequency\n3.6 billion (2016)
    ","
    Hun-luī\n
    Guā-pōo tsu-guân\n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":15336}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân Chheng-liân Siā** (台灣青年社) sī Bêng-tī Tāi-ha̍k káng-su kiam chok-ka Ông Io̍k-tek tī Ji̍t-pún sêng-li̍p ê chèng-tī thoân-thé. 1959 nî, Ông Io̍k-tek tam-jīm *Tâi-oân* cha̍p-chì ê chú-pit āu, kap Ngô͘ Ki-chiong (吳枝鐘), Tiuⁿ Chhun-heng (張春興), Lîm Khé-hiok (林啓旭), Lí Goân-lîm (李元琳) téng lâng sêng-li̍p Tâi-oân-siā (hām 2006 nî sêng-li̍p ê Tâi-oân-siā pēng bô koan-liân). Khai-sí chìn-hêng tùi liû-ha̍k Ji̍t-pún ê Tâi-oân ha̍k-seng ê khé-bông kang-chok í-ki̍p tùi Ji̍t-pún-lâng ê kok-chè soan-thoân kang-chok; iā tián-khui Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn āu ê Tâi-oân to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng, hoat-hêng Ji̍t-bûn siang-goe̍h-khan *Tâi-oân Chheng-liân* lâi chò soan-thoân. Bô-gōa-kú, Khó͘ Sè-khái, Tiuⁿ Kok-heng (張國興), Chiu Eng-bêng (周英明), Kim Bí-lêng, Lîm Khé-hiok, Hâu Êng-pang (侯榮邦) téng Tâi-oân liû-ha̍k-seng ta̍uh-ta̍uh ka-ji̍p. 1960 nî 2 goe̍h 28 hō, Tâi-oân-siā kái-miâ chò Tâi-oân Chheng-liân Siā.\n\n1962 nî, Tâi-oân Chheng-liân Siā hoat-hêng koaⁿ-hong khan-bu̍t *To̍k-li̍p Thong-sìn*, tián-khui tī Tâi-oân lāi-pō͘ ê khé-bông soan-thoân. 1963 nî 5 goe̍h, Tâi-oân Chheng-liân Siā kái-miâ chò Tâi-oân Chheng-liân Hōe (台灣青年會), tián-khui cho͘-chit liû-ha̍k-seng ūn-tōng. 1965 nî 9 goe̍h 23 hō, Ông Io̍k-tek, N̂g Chiau-tông, Khó͘ Sè-khái, Chiu Eng-bêng, Kim Bí-lêng, Liāu Chhun-êng (廖春榮) téng lâng kā Tâi-oân Chheng-liân Hōe hoat-tián chò Tâi-ôan Chheng-liân To̍k-li̍p Liân-bêng, koh hoat-piáu kong-niá. 1965 nî 9 goe̍h 24 hō, Tâi-oân Chheng-liân To̍k-li̍p Liân-bêng tī Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘ Gîn-chō hoat-tōng sī-ui, iau-kiû Liân-ha̍p-kok chi-chhî Tâi-oân chū-koat. Khu Éng-hàn (邱永漢), Ko͘ Khoan-bín (辜寬敏) ka-ji̍p āu, Tâi-ôan Chheng-liân To̍k-li̍p Liân-bêng koh khok-tāi cho͘-chit. 1970 nî 1 goe̍h 1 hō, Tâi-oân Chheng-liân To̍k-li̍p Liân-bêng pèng-ji̍p Tâi-to̍k Liân-bêng.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Tâi-to̍k Liân-bêng\n* Tâi-oân Kiōng-hô-kok Lîm-sî Chèng-hú\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ わたし達の青春は勇敢な歌 許千恵（台湾）２００２年８月３日 Archived 2012-02-17 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Chheng-liân Siā","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[151,1882,0.08023379383634431],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2180}} -{"text":"**Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ su-iàu hoan-e̍k.** \nLô-hoân khì Su-iàu hoan-e̍k ê bûn-chiuⁿ khoàⁿ **Tâi-oân ê hêng-chèng-khu** ê thó-lūn. Ká-sú che tī ? lé-pái lāi bô oân-choân hoan chò Hō-ló-oē, i hoān-sè ē hō͘ lâng thâi tiāu.\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| **Tâi-oân** |\n| Gio̍k-san |\n| \nKhài-hóng\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Jîn-bîn－Jîn-kháu |\n| Keng-chè－Kau-thong |\n| Chèng-khu－Siâⁿ-chhī |\n| Chèng-tī－Chèng-hú |\n| Chèng-tóng－Soán-kí |\n| Hoat-lu̍t－Chóng-thóng |\n| Gōa-kau－Kun-sū |\n| Cho̍k-kûn－Goân-chū-bîn |\n| jîn-koân－LGBT koân-ek |\n| Tâi-hái hiān-chōng－Tâi-oân būn-tê |\n| Tâi-oân kî-chek－Tâi-oân chi chòe |\n| sè-kài kì-lio̍k |\n| Tâi-oân tē-it lia̍t-toaⁿ |\n\n |\n| \nBûn-hòa\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| gí-giân－bûn-ha̍k |\n| chong-kàu－song-chòng |\n| kó͘-chek－ûi-chí |\n| kok-pó－bîn-sio̍k bûn-bu̍t |\n| chiat-ji̍t－bîn-sio̍k tīn-thâu |\n| kàu-io̍k－thé-io̍k |\n| mûi-thé－iû-phiò |\n| ím-sit－tê gē |\n| sió-tiám－iā-chhī-á |\n| kiàn-tio̍k－koàn-chhun |\n| bûn-hòa oa̍h-tāng－koan-kong kéng-tiám |\n| kò͘-bu̍t tiong-sim－pah-hòe kong-si |\n| sè-kài ûi-sán chiâm-le̍k tiám |\n| le̍k-sú kiàn-tio̍k pah kéng |\n\n |\n| \nGē-su̍t\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| im-ga̍k－bú-tō |\n| hì-kio̍k－tiān-sī-kio̍k |\n| tiān-iáⁿ－liap-iánn |\n| bān-ōe－tōng-ōe |\n\n |\n| \nTē-lí\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| thian-bûn－khì-hāu |\n| tē-chit－tē-tāng |\n| toān-chân－hóe-soaⁿ |\n| Tâi-oân ê seng-thài－làm-á-tē |\n| soaⁿ-hong－soaⁿ-me̍h |\n| ô͘－chúi-khò͘ |\n| hô－un-chôaⁿ |\n| tó-sū－hái-hōaⁿ |\n| te̍k-iú seng-bu̍t－pó-io̍k bu̍t-chéng |\n| kok-ka kong-hn̂g kah pó-hō͘ khu |\n\n |\n| \nLe̍k-sú\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| sú chêng sî-kî－Tōa-tō͘ Ông-kok |\n| Hô Se Sî-tāi－Bêng-tēⁿ Sî-kî |\n| Chheng léng Sî-tāi－Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi |\n| Tiong-hôa-bîn-kok sî-tāi |\n| kok hun-lūi le̍k-sú |\n\n |\n| **Tâi-oân chú-tê** |\n\n**Tâi-oân ê hêng-chèng-khu** ùi Hô-lân kap Se-pan-gâ thóng-tī sî-kî khai-sí, Se-pan-gâ-lâng bat tī Pak Tâi-oân siat-tì kòe 3 ê séng (*provincia*). Hiān-kim chú-iàu kin-kì Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú ê siong-koan hoat-lu̍t kui-tēng, ōe-hun 1 ê séng (Tâi-oân), 6 ê ti̍t-hat-chhī (Tâi-pak, Sin-pak, Thô-hn̂g, Tâi-tiong, Tâi-lâm, Ko-hiông), kî-tiong Tâi-oân-séng ē-kha thóng-hat 11 ê koān kap 3 ê chhī.\n\nChit-má ê hêng-chèng-khu\n------------------------\n\n| Tē-tô͘ | No. | Miâ | Thóng-hat | Hêng-chèngtiong-sim | Biān-chek（km²） | Jîn-kháu | Siú-tiúⁿ |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Lio̍k-he̍k | Hái-he̍k |\n| 1245678931011121314151617181920 | **Séng** |\n| - | Tâi-oân | 3 chhī11 koān | Lâm-tâu | 25110.0037 | 40837.0399 | 7,121,131 | Khó͘ Chiong-iâu |\n| **Ti̍t-hat-chhī** |\n| 1 | Tâi-pak | 12 khu | Sìn-gī | 271.7997 | 0 | 2,687,629 | Koa Bûn-tiat |\n| 2 | Sin-pak | 29 khu | Pang-kiô | 2052.5667 | 2966.7265 | 3,984,051 | Chu Li̍p-lûn |\n| 3 | Thô-hn̂g | 13 khu | Thô-hn̂g | 1220.9540 | 1,130.2383 | 2,171,127 | Tēⁿ Bûn-chhàn |\n| 4 | Tâi-tiong | 29 khu | Sai-tūn | 2214.8968 | 1,663.7394 | 2,778,182 | Lîm Ka-liông |\n| 5 | Tâi-lâm | 37 khu | An-pêngSin-iâⁿ | 2191.6531 | 2,592.7310 | 1,886,267 | Lōa Chheng-tek |\n| 6 | Ko-hiông | 38 khu | Lêng-ngáHōng-soaⁿ | 2951.8524 | 2,726.8354 | 2,777,873 | Tân Kiok |\n| **Koān-chhī** |\n| 7 | Ke-lâng | 7 khu | Tiong-chèng | 132.7589 | 3,585.4177 | 371,853 | Lîm Iū-chhiong |\n| 8 | Sin-tek | 3 khu | Pak-khu | 104.1526 | 387.5623 | 439,435 | Lîm Tì-kian |\n| 9 | Ka-gī | 2 khu | Tang-khu | 60.0256 | 0 | 269,608 | Tô͘ Séng-tiat |\n| 10 | Sin-tek | 1 chhī3 tìn9 hiong | Tek-pak | 1427.5369 | 333.9971 | 550,070 | Khu Kèng-sûn |\n| 11 | Biâu-le̍k | 2 chhī5 tìn11 hiong | Biâu-le̍k | 1820.3149 | 1,741.4762 | 555,972 | Chhî Iāu-chhiong |\n| 12 | Chiong-hòa | 2 chhī6 tìn18 hiong | Chiong-hòa | 1074.3960 | 3,313.6481 | 1,284,045 | Gūi Bêng-kok |\n| 13 | Lâm-tâu | 1 chhī4 tìn8 hiong | Lâm-tâu | 4106.4360 | 0 | 502,932 | Lîm Bêng-chin |\n| 14 | Hûn-lîm | 1 chhī5 tìn14 hiong | Táu-la̍k | 1290.8326 | 1,220.4274 | 692,074 | Lí Chìn-ióng |\n| 15 | Ka-gī | 2 chhī2 tìn14 hiong | Thài-pó | 1903.6367 | 336.1701 | 512,792 | Tiuⁿ Hoa-koan |\n| 16 | Pîn-tong | 1 chhī3 tìn29 hiong | Pîn-tong | 2775.6003 | 5,771.4292 | 832,127 | Phoaⁿ Bēng-an |\n| 17 | Gî-lân | 1 chhī3 tìn8 hiong | Gî-lân | 2143.6251 | 2,145.3078 | 456,985 | Lîm Chhong-hiân |\n|   = Ti̍t-hat-chhī  = (Séng-hat)-chhī  = (Séng-hat)-koān | 18 | Hoa-liân | 1 chhī2 tìn10 hiong | Hoa-liân | 4628.5714 | 2,790.9131 | 329,845 | Pò͘ Khun-kî |\n| 19 | Tâi-tang | 1 chhī2 tìn13 hiong | Tâi-tang | 3515.2526 | 11,274.6894 | 219,974 | N̂g Kiān-têng |\n| 20 | Phêⁿ-ô͘ | 1 chhī5 hiong | Má-keng | 126.8641 | 7,936.0015 | 103,419 | Tân Kong-ho̍k |\n\n### Tâi-oân-séng\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Tâi-oân-séng\nTâi-oân-séng bo̍k-chiân iû Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú Hêng-chèng-īⁿ koán-hat. Kin-kì 2000 nî *Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Hiàn-hoat* *Cheng-siu Tiâu-bûn* ê kui-tēng, \"séng\" put-chài sī tē-hng chū-tī thoân-thé, séng chèng-hú iû tē-hng chū-tī thoân-thé ê hêng-chèng ki-koan choán-hêng chòe tiong-iong chèng-hú ê phài-chhut ki-koan, chiâⁿ-chòe \"hi-kip-séng\" (虛級省). Tâi-oân-séng ōe chòe 11 ê koān kap 3 ê chhī, Tâi-oân-séng Chèng-hú siat-tì chāi Lâm-tâu-koān Lâm-tâu-chhī ê Tiong-heng Sin-chhun.\n\n### Ti̍t-hat-chhī\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Ti̍t-hat-chhī (Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok)\nTi̍t-hat-chhī sī tē-hng chū-tī thoân-thé, ti̍t-chiap lē-sio̍k tī Hêng-chèng-īⁿ, jîn-kháu chū-ki ta̍t 125-bān lâng í-siōng, koh tī chèng-tī, keng-chè, bûn-hòa kap to͘-hōe khu-he̍k hoat-tián siōng, ū te̍k-sû su-iàu ê tē-khu, thang-hó siat-tì ti̍t-hat-chhī. Ti̍t-hat-chhī ē-kha hun-siat khu, khu ê ē-kha koh ū siat lí, lí ê ē-kha koh ū siat lîn (鄰).\n\n* Bo̍k-chiân Tâi-oân ū Tâi-pak, Sin-pak, Thô-hn̂g, Tâi-tiong, Tâi-lâm, Ko-hiông téng 6 ê ti̍t-hat-chhī.\n\n### Koān\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Koān (Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok)\nKoān tī 1998 nî cheng-séng (精省) chìn-chêng bat sio̍k tī séng chèng-hú, chit-má khòaⁿ gia̍p-bū, hun-pia̍t siū Khu-he̍k Liân-ha̍p Ho̍k-bū Tiong-sim kap Hêng-chèng-īⁿ kok pō͘-hōe chù tiong-pō͘ pān-kong-sek koán-hat. Koān ê ē-kha ū siat-tì hiong, tìn kap chhī.\n\n* Bo̍k-chiân Tâi-oân ū 11 ê koān\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| * Sin-tek\n* Biâu-le̍k\n* Chiong-hòa\n | * Lâm-tâu\n* Hûn-lîm\n* Ka-gī\n* Pîn-tong\n | * Gî-lân\n* Hoa-liân\n* Tâi-tang\n* Phêⁿ-ô͘\n |\n\n### Chhī\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Chhī (Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok)\nChhī hām koān kāng kip, kū hoat-kui lāi kiò-chòe \"séng-hat-chhī\" (省轄市); cheng-séng chêng bat lē-sio̍k tī séng chèng-hú, chit-má khòaⁿ gia̍p-bū, hun-pia̍t siū Hêng-chèng-īⁿ kok pō͘-hōe chù tiong-pō͘ pān-kong-sek kap Khe-he̍k Liân-ha̍p Ho̍k-bū Tiong-sim koán-hat. Jîn-kháu chū-ki ta̍t 50-bān í-siōng bī-boán 125-bān lâng, koh tī chèng-tī, keng-chè kap bûn-hòa siōng tē-ūi tiōng-iàu ê tē-khu thang-hó siat-tì chhī. Chhī ê ē-kha koh ū siat khu, khu ê ē-kha koh ū siat lí, lí ê ē-kha koh ū siat lîn.\n\n* Bo̍k-chiân Tâi-oân ū Ke-lâng, Sin-tek kap Ka-gī téng 3 ê chhī.\n\n### Hiong, tìn, chhī, khu\n\n: Hiong (Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok), Tìn (Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok), Koān-hat-chhī, kap Khu (Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok)\nHiong, tìn, koān-hat-chhī, khu sī 4 chióng hêng-chèng ūi-kai sio-kāng ia̍h sio-siâng ê hêng-chèng-khu miâ-hō. Hiong, tìn, koān-hat-chhī sī koān ē-kha ê ōe-hun, sī tē-hng chū-tī thoân-thé, ū in ka-kī ê siú-tiúⁿ soán-kí, bîn-ì ki-koan, chū-tī châi-goân téńg. Hoat-kui kui-tēng jîn-kháu chū-ki ta̍t 10-bān í-siōng bī-boán 30-bān lâng, koh kang-siang-gia̍p hoat-ta̍t, chū-tī châi-goân liōng-siōng, kau-thong lī-piān kap kong-kiōng si-siat oân-choân ê tē-khu, thang-hó siat-tì koān-hat-chhī; tùi hiong kap tìn bô kui-tēng siat-li̍p ê piau-chún. Khu sī ti̍t-hat-chhī ia̍h-sī chhī ē-kha ê ōe-hun, m̄-sī chū-tī thoân-thé, hêng-chèng siú-tiúⁿ iû só͘-sio̍k chhī-tiúⁿ chí-phài, bô bîn-ì ki-koan.\n\n* Bo̍k-chiân Tâi-oân lóng-chóng ū 368 ê hiong, tìn, chhī kap khu: 146 hiong, 38 tìn, 14 koān-hat-chhī, 170 khu.\n\nLe̍k-sú kap iân-kek\n-------------------\n\n### Tang-lêng sî-tāi\n\n1664 nî liáu-āu ê Tang-lêng hêng-chèng-khu\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Tâi-oân Tang-lêng sî-tāi ê hêng-chèng-khu\n1661 nî Tēⁿ Sêng-kong chiàm-niá Lâm Tâi-oân, 5 goe̍h chiàm Provintia Siâⁿ, kái Chhiah-khàm chòe Tang-to͘ Bêng-kiaⁿ (東都明京), chóng tē-hō-miâ Tang-to͘ (東都). Siat-tì 1 ê hú (府) kap 2 ê koān (縣), í Sin-káng-khe (taⁿ ê Kiâm-chúi-khe) chòe hun-kài, pak-pêng sio̍k tī Thian-heng-koān, lâm-pêng sio̍k tī Bān-liân-koān; lēng-gōa siat-tì 1 su (司) kiò Phêⁿ-ô͘ An-hú-su. Tēⁿ Seng-kong kòe-sin liáu-āu, in hau-seⁿ Tēⁿ Keng kái Tang-to͘ chòe Tang-lêng (東寧), koh tī Sêng-thian-hú téng-bīn siat chi̍t ê Tang-lêng Chóng-chè-hú. Lēng-gōa koh kā Thian-heng-koān kap Bān-liân-koān seng-keh chòe Thian-heng-chiu kap Bān-liân-chiu. Tû-liáu goân-té ê Phêⁿ-ô͘ An-hú-su, koh ke siat Pak-lō͘ An-hú-su kap Lâm-lō͘ An-hú-su. Ki-chân hêng-chèng-khu ê pō͘-hūn, Sêng-thian-hú ē-kha ū 4 ê hong (坊) kap 1 ê tìn (鎮), Thian-heng-chiu ē-kha ū 13 ê lí (里), Bān-liân-chiu ū 11 ê lí, An-hú-su ē-kha ū 4 ê siā (社) thóng-tī goân-chū-bîn.\n\n### Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Tâi-oân Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi ê hêng-chèng-khu\n#### Tâi-hā-tō sî-kî\n\nChheng-tiâu Khong-hi nî kan kā Tâi-oân la̍p-ji̍p Tiong-kok pán-tô͘ liáu-āu, siat-li̍p liáu Tâi-hā-tō (臺廈道), hām Ē-mn̂g kap chòe-hóe, iā lē-sio̍k tī\nhit-tang-chūn ê Hok-kiàn-séng. Tâi-oân-tó hong-bīn, siat 1 ê hú (府) kap 3 ê koān (縣). Chóng-koán Ē-mn̂g kap Tâi-oân ê Tâi-hā-tō Tō-sú siat tī Ē-mn̂g, ah Tâi-oân-hú siat tī Tâi-lâm. Ki-chân hêng-chèng-khu iân-si̍p Tang-lêng sî-tāi, kok koān ē-kha ōe-hun pó-lí-hiong-ò, thóng-hat ē-kha ê chū-jiân-chhun téng-kip ê ke-chng-siā-hiong.\n\n1684 nî (Khong-hi 23 nî) Tâi-hā-tō ē-kha siat 1 hú 3 koān: Sin-káng-khe (taⁿ ê Kiâm-chúi-khe) pak-pêng sī Chu-lô-koān, Sin-káng-khe kap Jī-jîn-khe tiong-kan sī Tâi-oân-koān, Jī-jîn-khe lâm-pêng sī Hōng-soaⁿ-koān. 1723 nî (Eng-chèng 1 nî) Tâi-hā-tō ē-kha siat 1 hú 4 koān: kā Chu-lô-koān ê Hó͘-bóe-khe pak-pêng ke siat Chiong-hòa-koān.\n\n#### Tâi-oân-tō sî-kî\n\n1727 nî (Eng-chèng 5 nî) Tâi-hā-tō ê Tâi-oân-hú pō͘-hūn chèng-sek hām Ē-mn̂g hun-lī, sêng-li̍p Tâi-oân-tō (臺灣道), tō-sú (道署) siat tī Tâi-oân-koān, siat 1 hú 4 koān 2 thiaⁿ (廳). 1731 nî (Eng-chèng 9 nî) Chiong-hòa-koān tī Tāi-kha-khe pak-pêng ê pō͘-hūn kui-sio̍k tī Tām-chúi-thiaⁿ. 1787 nî (Khiân-liông 52 nî) pêng-tēng Lîm Sóng-bûn khí-sū liáu-āu, kā Chu-lô-koān kái chòe Ka-gī-koān. 1811 nî (Ka-khèng 16 nî) ke siat Kat-má-lân-thiaⁿ.\n\n1875 nî (Kong-sū 1 nî) hun pak-pō͘ chòe Tâi-pak-hú, koán-hat Gî-lân-koān, Ke-lâng-thiaⁿ, Tām-chúi-koān, Sin-tek-koān; Tâi-oân-hú koán-hat Tâi-oân-koān, Ka-gī-koān, Hōng-soaⁿ-koān, Chiong-hòa-koān, Phêⁿ-ô͘-koān, Hêng-chhun-koān, Pi-lâm-thiaⁿ, Po͘-lí-siā-thiaⁿ; Tâi-oân-tō lóng-chóng siat 2 hú 8 koān 5 thiaⁿ.\n\n#### Hok-kiàn Tâi-oân-séng sî-kî\n\n1885 nî (Kong-sū 11 nî) Tâi-oân kiàn-séng, siat 1 tō 2 hú 8 koān 5 thiaⁿ. 1887 nî (Kong-sū 13 nî) Tâi-oân chiah to̍k-li̍p siat séng,\nin-ūi hām Hok-kiàn-séng koh ū pō͘-hūn hêng-chèng gia̍p-bū, só͘-í koaⁿ-hong chèng-sek miâ-chheng hō-chòe Hok-kiàn Tâi-oân-séng, m̄-koh it-poaⁿ kiò hun-khui liáu-āu ê Tâi-oân \"Tâi-oân-séng\"; kiàn-séng āu ê séng-siâⁿ soán tī goân Chiong-hòa-koān Kiô-á-tô͘ (橋仔圖), taⁿ ê Tâi-tiong-chhī, séng-siâⁿ só͘-chāi siat Tâi-oân-hú kap Tâi-oân-koān, ah goân-lâi ê Tâi-oân-hú kái kiò Tâi-lâm-hú, goân-lâi ê Tâi-oân-koān kái kiò\nAn-pêng-koān; choân-séng lóng-chóng siat 1 tō 3 hú 11 koān 3 thiaⁿ 1 ti̍t-lē-chiu. 1894 nî (Kong-sū 20 nî) Tâi-pak-hú ke siat Lâm-ngá-thiaⁿ,\nkoh kā séng-siâⁿ sóa khì Tâi-pak-hú Tām-chúi-koān, Tâi-oân chiâⁿ-chòe 3 hú 11 koān 4 thiaⁿ 1 ti̍t-lē-chiu.\n\n### Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi\n\n1926 nî kàu 1945 nî Tâi-oân it-kip hêng-chèng-khu tô͘\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê hêng-chèng-khu\nTâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê hêng-chèng-khu, lóng-chóng keng-le̍k 10 kái keng-tōng. Kî-tiong chiàu ōe-hun ê hong-sek hun chòe 3 ê sî-kî, ùi 1895 nî ê 3 koān 1 thiaⁿ khai-sí, chiām-chiām tī koān kap thiaⁿ ê sò͘-ba̍k téng cheng-kiám; lo̍h-bóe tī 1901 nî kā koān hòe-tû, choân Tâi siat 20 ê thiaⁿ; 8 nî āu, piàn 12 ê thiaⁿ; chòe-āu tī 1920 nî kái chòe 5 chiu 2 thiaⁿ.\n\n#### Koān, thiaⁿ sî-kî\n\nJi̍t-pún iáu-bōe chiap-siu sî chiū í-keng kui-ōe beh kā Tâi-oân goân-lâi ê 3 hú kái chòe 3 koān, goân 3 koān ē-kha ê koān, thiaⁿ kái chòe chi-thiaⁿ (支廳); lēng-gōa, goân-pún hām hú kāng kip ê Tâi-tang Ti̍t-lē-chiu kàng-kip chòe Tâi-lâm-koān ē-kha ê chi-thiaⁿ, iā kā Phêⁿ-ô͘-thiaⁿ seng-keh chòe hām koān kāng kip ê Phêⁿ-ô͘-tó-thiaⁿ, Tâi-lâm-hú ê Ka-gī-koān kái chòe tī Tâi-oân-koān ē-kha ê chi-thiaⁿ. Si̍t-chè khai-sí chiap-siu āu in-ūi cho-gū tio̍h hoán-khòng, Tâi-oân kap Tâi-lâm 2 ê koān bô-hoat-tō͘ si̍t-si, só͘-í chiām-sî ēng phài-chhut sèng-chit ê bîn-chèng chi-pō͘ (民政支部), chi-thiaⁿ chiām-sî ēng chhut-tiuⁿ-só͘ (出張所). 1896 nî pêng-tēng Tâi-oân kok-tē hoán-khòng liáu-āu, kā goân kui-ōe si̍t-si, kî-tiong Tâi-oân Bîn-chèng Chi-pō͘ kái-miâ chòe Tâi-tiong-koān, i ē-kha ê Ka-gī Chhut-tiuⁿ-só͘ kái tńg-khì iû Tâi-lâm-koān thóng-hat.\n\n1897 nî kā choân Tâi kái chòe 6 koān 3 thiaⁿ: Tâi-pak-koān, Sin-tek-koān, Tâi-tiong-koān, Ka-gī-koān, Tâi-lâm-koān, Hōng-soaⁿ-koān, gî-lân-thiaⁿ, Tâi-tang-thiaⁿ, Phêⁿ-ô͘-thiaⁿ, hòe-tû chi-thiaⁿ, kái chòe pān-bū-sú (辨務署), choân Tâi lóng-chóng ū 78 ê pān-bū-sú; goân Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi ê pó-lí-hiong-ò iā chiām-chiām sit-khì hêng-chèng-khu ê kong-lêng, chiâⁿ-chòe tē-che̍k, hō͘-che̍k ê khu-ōe tan-ūi; 1898 nî in-ūi châi-chèng khùn-lân, kā 6 koān kái tó-tńg 3 koān, pān-bū-sú sok-kiám chòe 39 ê, Phêⁿ-ô͘, Tâi-tang 2 thiaⁿ ê pān-bū-sú kái chòe chhut-tiuⁿ-só͘. Lo̍h-nóe pān-bū-sú chiām-chiām sok-kiám, kàu 1900 nî chhun 24 ê. 1901 nî Hêng-chhun-thiaⁿ ùi Tâi-lâm-koān to̍k-li̍p chhut-lâi, iā kā Gî-lân, Hêng-chhun 2 thiaⁿ ē-kha ê pān-nū-sú kái chòe chhut-tiuⁿ-só͘.\n\n#### Thiaⁿ-chè sî-kî\n\n1901 nî té hòe-tû 3 koān, kā i ē-kha ê pān-bū-sú seng-keh chòe thiaⁿ (pō͘-hūn ū chéng-pēng), choân Tâi ka-siōng goân-pún ê 4 thiaⁿ lóng-chóng 20 thiaⁿ. Goân-pún thiaⁿ ē-kha ê chhut-tiuⁿ-só͘ iā hòe-tû, choân Tâi kái chòe thiaⁿ ē-kha thóng-hat chi-thiaⁿ, chi-thiaⁿ ē-kha hām ke-chng-siā-hiong chi-kan siat-tì hú-chō hêng-chèng ki-koan khu. 1904 nî oân-sêng choân Tâi thó͘-tē tiau-cha, chū-jiân-chhun téng-kip ê ke-chng-siā-hiong pī tōa-liōng chéng-pēng, chiâⁿ-chòe ū kài-sòaⁿ ê hêng-chèng-chhun. 1909 nî kā 20 thiaⁿ pēng chòe 12 thiaⁿ, iā kā khu kái chòe chèng-sek ê hêng-chèng-khu.\n\n#### Chiu, thiaⁿ sî-kî\n\n1920 nî kā tû-liáu Hoa-Tang 2 thiaⁿ í-gōa ê tē-hng si̍t-si hām Ji̍t-pún lāi-tē ê koān lūi-sū ê chiu-chè (州制), chiu ē-kha ū kūn (郡) kap chhī (市),\nkūn ē-kha ū ke (街) kap chng (庄), chhī-ke-chng ē-kha ū tōa-jī, ū-ê tōa-jī ē-kha koh ū sió-jī; choân Tâi-oân lóng-chóng ū 5 chiu 2 thiaⁿ: Tâi-pak-chiu, Sin-tek-chiu, Tâi-tiong-chiu, Tâi-lâm-chiu, Ko-hiông-chiu, Tâi-tang-thiaⁿ, Hoa-liân-káng-thiaⁿ. Chhú-gōa, iā chèng-sek kā hoan-tē (蕃地) ōe ji̍p koán-hat.\n\n1926 nî Ko-hiông-chiu Phêⁿ-ô͘-kūn seng-keh chòe Phêⁿ-ô͘-thiaⁿ; 1937 nî Hoa-Tang 2 thiaⁿ iā si̍t-si kūn, chhī, ke ,chng ê chè-tō͘.\n\nĒ-tàng chù-ì ê sī, thâu-chêng kúi kái khu-he̍k ê piàn-tōng siong-tong pîn-hoân, ta̍k kái chûn-chāi ê sî-kan lóng bô tn̂g, ah 1920 nî chit pái ê khu-he̍k ōe-hun só͘ chhî-sio̍k ê sî-kan siāng-tn̂g, iā siong-tong thêng-tō͘ éng-hióng tio̍h chiàn-āu Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú kui-ōe Tâi-oân hêng-chèng-khu.\n\n### Chiàn-āu Tâi-oân\n\n1949 nî hêng-chèng-khu tiông-ōe chêng, Tâi-oân-séng hêng-chèng-khu tô͘\n1982~2010 nî ê Tâi-oân hêng-chèng-khu (hâm Kim-mn̂g kap Má-chó͘)\n* 1945 nî 8 goe̍h 31 hō, pan-pò͘ *Tâi-oân-séng Hêng-chèng Tióng-koaⁿ Kong-sú Cho͘-chit Tāi-kong*. 9 goe̍h 1 hō, Tâi-oân-séng Hêng-chèng Tióng-koaⁿ Kong-sú tī Tiông-khèng sêng-li̍p lîm-sî pān-kong-chhù. 9 goe̍h 20 hō, chèng-sek kong-pò͘ *Tâi-oân-séng Hêng-chèng Tióng-koaⁿ Kong-sú Cho͘-chit Tiâu-lē*. 10 goe̍h 25 hō, Tâi-oân-séng Hêng-chèng Tióng-koaⁿ Kong-sú khai-sí tī Tâi-oân ūn-chok.\n* 1945 nî, Tâi-oân-séng Hêng-chèng Tióng-koaⁿ Kong-sú hun siat 8 ê koān (Tâi-pak, Sin-tek, Tâi-tiong, Tâi-lâm, Ko-hiông, Hoa-liân, Tâi-tang, Phêⁿ-ô͘), 9 ê séng-hat-chhī (Ke-lâng, Tâi-pak, Sin-tek, Tâi-tiong, Chiong-hòa, Ka-gī, Tâi-lâm, Ko-hiông, Pîn-tong) kap 2 ê koān-hat-chhī (Gî-lân, Hoa-liân).\n* 1947 nî 4 goe̍h 22 hō, Hêng-chèng-īⁿ hōe-gī koat-gī thiat-siau Tâi-oân-séng Hêng-chèng Tióng-koaⁿ Kong-sú, kái-cho͘ Tâi-oân-séng Chèng-hú.\n* 1948 nî, Tang-soa-tó kap Lâm-soa Thài-pêng-tó kái lē-sio̍k tī Hái-lâm Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu.\n* 1949 nî, Tâi-pak-koān Pak-tâu-tìn, Sū-lîm-tìn to̍k-li̍p ti̍t-sio̍k tī Chháu-soaⁿ Koán-lí-kio̍k.\n* 1950 nî 8 goe̍h, Tâi-oân-séng ōe chòe Tâi-pak, Ke-lâng, Tâi-tiong, Tâi-lâm, Ko-hiông téng 5 ê séng-hat-chhī, kap Tâi-pak, Gî-lân, Thô-hn̂g, Sin-tek, Biâu-le̍k, Chiong-hòa, Tâi-tiong, Lâm-tâu, Tâi-lâm, Ka-gī, Hûn-lîm, Ko-hiông, Pîn-tong, Tâi-tang, Hoa-liân, Phêⁿ-ô͘ téng 16 ê koān, Chháu-soaⁿ Koán-lí-kio̍k tī 3 goe̍h tāi-seng kái-miâ chòe Iûⁿ-bêng-soaⁿ Koán-lí-kio̍k. Kāng-nî khu-sú hòe-chí, hiong-tìn ti̍t-chiap lē-sio̍k tī koān ē-kha.\n* 1956 nî, Tâi-oân-séng Chèng-hú goân-lâi ūi-tī Tâi-pak-chhī, sóa khì kàu Lâm-tâu-koān Tiong-heng Sin-chhun pān-kong.\n* 1967 nî, Tâi-pak-chhī kái chòe ti̍t-hat-chhī, 1968 nî la̍p-ji̍p Tâi-pak-koān Pak-tâu, Sū-lîm (Iûⁿ-bêng-soaⁿ Koán-lí-kio̍k), Lāi-ô͘, Lâm-káng, Kéng-bí, Ba̍k-sa 6 ê hiong-tìn.\n* 1973 nî 7 goe̍h, kā Tâi-tiong-koān Hô-pêng-hiong só͘ koán-hat ê Lê-soaⁿ, Pêng-téng 2 ê chhun siat-li̍p Lê-soaⁿ Kiàn-siat Koán-lí-kio̍k.\n* 1974 nî 1 goe̍h, Iûⁿ-bêng-soaⁿ Koán-lí-kio̍k thiat-siau.\n* 1979 nî 7 goe̍h, Ko-hiông-chhī kái chòe ti̍t-hat-chhī, tông-sî Ko-hiông-koān Sió-káng-tìn kui hō͘ Ko-hiông-chhī. Lēng-gōa, goân sio̍k tī Hái-lâm Te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu ê Tang-soa Kûn-tó, Lâm-soa Thài-pêng-tó kap Tiong-chiu-chiau iû Ko-hiông-chhī tāi-koán.\n* 1981 nî 3 goe̍h, Lê-soaⁿ Kiàn-siat koán-lí-kio̍k thiat-siau pèng-ji̍p Tâi-tiong-koān.\n* 1982 nî 7 goe̍h, Sin-tek, Ka-gī 2 koān-hat-chhī seng-keh chòe séng-hat-chhī; kā goân-lâi sio̍k tī Sin-tek-koān ê Hiong-san-hiong, kui hō͘ Sin-tek-chhī, kái chòe Hiong-san-khu.\n* 1998 nî 12 goe̍h, séng chèng-hú cheng-séng (精省) kè-ōe si̍t-si.\n* 2007 nî 10 goe̍h 1 hō, Tâi-pak-koān chún ēng pō͘-hūn ti̍t-hat-chhī kui-tēng.\n* 2010 nî 12 goe̍h 25 hō, Sin-pak-chhī (goân Tâi-pak-koān), Tâi-tiong-chhī (goân Tâi-tiong koān-chhī ha̍p-pèng), Tâi-lâm-chhī (goân Tâi-lâm koān-chhī ha̍p-pèng), Ko-hiông-chhī (goân Ko-hiông koān-chhī ha̍p-pèng) téng 4 ê ti̍t-hat-chhī sêng-li̍p.\n* 2011 nî 1 goe̍h 1 hō, Thô-hn̂g-koān chún ēng pō͘-hūn ti̍t-hat-chhī kui-tēng.\n* 2014 nî 12 goe̍h 25 hō, Thô-hn̂g-chhī (goân Thô-hn̂g-koān) ti̍t-hat-chhī sêng-li̍p, hêng-chèng-khu piàn chòe 6 ê ti̍t-hat-chhī, 3 ê chhī, 13 ê koān.\n\nBô si̍t-hiān ê khu-he̍k chhó-àn\n-------------------------------\n\n### 1945 nî 3 goe̍h\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Tâi-oân Chiap-koán Kè-ōe Kong-iàu Tē-hng Kái-chè\nTâi-oân Chiap-koán Kè-ōe Kong-iàu Tē-hng Kái-chè ê hêng-chèng kui-ōe tô͘, n̂g-té sī séng-hat-chhī\n\n| Séng-hat-chhī | It-kip koān | Jī-kip koān | Saⁿ-kip koān |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| * Tâi-pak\n* Ke-lâng\n* Gî-lân\n* Sin-tek\n* Tâi-tiong\n* Chiong-hòa\n* Tâi-lâm\n* Sóng-bûn\n* Ko-hiông\n* Pîn-tong\n* Hoa-liân-káng\n* Gô͘-chhe\n | * Lô-tong, koān-tī Lô-tong\n* Chhit-chheⁿ, koān-tī Se̍k-chí\n* Tām-chúi, koān-tī Tām-chúi\n* Thô-hn̂g, koān-tī Thô-hn̂g\n* Oân-lîm, koān-tī Oân-lîm\n* Pak-káng, koān-tī Pak-káng\n* Chan-bûn, koān-tī Sin-iâⁿ\n* Iân-pêng, koān-tī Sin-hòa\n* Hōng-soaⁿ, koān-tī Hōng-soaⁿ\n | * Séng-sam, koān-tī Sūi-hong\n* Tiong-le̍k, koān-tī Tiong-le̍k\n* Chhong-hái, koān-tī Sin-po͘\n* Tek-lâm, koān-tī Tek-lâm\n* Hok-seng, koān-tī Biâu-le̍k\n* Tāi-kah, koān-tī Tāi-kah\n* Hong-goân, koān-tī Hong-goân\n* Bū-hong, koān-tī Bū-hong\n* Lo̍k-káng, koān-tī Lo̍k-káng\n* Pak-táu, koān-tī Pak-táu\n* Lâm-tâu, koān-tī Lâm-tâu\n* Táu-la̍k, koān-tī Táu-la̍k\n* Chheng-hong, koān-tī Bîn-hiông\n* Tang-chio̍h, koān-tī Tang-chio̍h\n* Pak-mn̂g, koān-tī Ka-lí\n* Ian-têng, koān-tī Kong-san\n* Tang-káng, koān-tī Tang-káng\n* Hōng-lîm, koān-tī Hōng-lîm\n | * Hêng-chhun, koān-tī Hêng-chhun\n* Phêⁿ-ô͘, koān-tī Má-keng\n* Tâi-tang, koān-tī Tâi-tang\n |\n\n### 1945 nî 8 goe̍h\n\n1945 nî 8 goe̍h Tiong-iong Siat-kè-kio̍k kui-ōe ê Tâi-oân-séng hêng-chèng-khu chhó-àn\n\n| Séng-hat-chhī | Koān |\n| --- | --- |\n| * Tâi-pak\n* Ke-lâng\n* Sin-tek\n* Tâi-tiong\n* Ka-gī\n* Tâi-lâm\n* Ko-hiông\n | * Tām-chúi, koān-tī Tām-chúi\n* Ke-lâng, koān-tī Ke-lâng\n* Gî-lân, koān-tī Gî-lân\n* Pang-kiô, koān-tī Pang-kiô\n* Thô-hn̂g, koān-tī Thô-hn̂g\n* Sin-tek, koān-tī Sin-tek\n* Tek-lâm, koān-tī Tek-lâm\n* Biâu-le̍k, koān-tī Biâu-le̍k\n* Hong-goân, koān-tī Hong-goân\n* Tōa-tūn, koān-tī Tâi-tiong\n* Chiong-hòa, koān-tī Chiong-hòa\n* Pak-táu, koān-tī Pak-táu\n | * Lâm-tâu, koān-tī Lâm-tâu\n* Táu-la̍k, koān-tī Táu-la̍k\n* Ka-gī, koān-tī Ka-gī\n* Sin-iâⁿ, koān-tī Sin-iâⁿ\n* Môa-tāu, koān-tī Môa-tāu\n* Hong-hòa, koān-tī Sin-hòa\n* Kong-san, koān-tī Kong-san\n* Hōng-soaⁿ, koān-tī Hōng-soaⁿ\n* Hêng-chhun, koān-tī Hêng-chhun\n* Tâi-tang, koān-tī Tâi-tang\n* Hoa-liân, koān-tī Hoa-liân-káng\n* Phêⁿ-ô͘, koān-tī Má-keng\n |\n\n### 1947 nî 6 goe̍h\n\nChit sî ê bô si̍t-hiān kè-ōe, kā Tâi-oân hun siat chòe 11 koān 5 séng-hat-chhī. Kè-ōe tiong ê koān-chhī miâ-chheng kap hiān-hêng miâ-chheng tùi-chiàu jû-hā:\n\n1. Thô-hn̂g-chhī→Sin-tek-koān\n2. Sin-tek-koān→Tiông-hong-koān\n3. Biâu-le̍k-koān→Tek-lâm-koān\n4. Tâi-tiong-koān→Hong-goân-koān\n5. Tâi-tiong-chhī→Tiong-chèng-chhī\n6. Chiong-hòa-koān→Tâi-tiong-koān\n7. Hûn-lîm-koān→Tiông-khe-koān\n8. Tâi-lâm-chhī→Sêng-kong-chhī\n\n### 1949 nî\n\n1. Thô-hn̂g-chhī+Sin-tek-koān Ô͘-kháu-hiong, Sin-hong-hiong→Sin-tek-koān\n2. Sin-tek-chhī+Biâu-lek-koān+Sin-tek-koān→Jîn-hô-koān\n3. Tâi-tiong-koān→Hong-goân-koān\n4. Lâm-tâu-koān→Tāi-koan-koān\n5. Chiong-hòa-koān→Tâi-tiong-koān\n6. Hûn-lîm-koān→Tiông-khe-koān\n\n### 1950 nî 7 goe̍h\n\n1950 nî 7 goe̍h Tâi-oân-séng hêng-chèng-khu tiông-ōe chhó-àn\n1. Kim-san-hiong, Bān-lí-hiong pēng-ji̍p Ke-lâng-chhī.\n2. Sin-hong-hiong, Ô͘-kháu-hiong pēng-ji̍p Thô-hn̂g-koān.\n3. Thong-siau-tìn, Oán-lí-tìn pēng-ji̍p Tâi-tiong-koān, koān-tī siat tī Chheng-chúi-tìn.\n4. Tāi-lí-hiong, Thài-pêng-hiong, O͘-ji̍t-hiong, Bū-hong-hiong pēng-ji̍p Lâm-tâu-koān.\n5. Tek-an-tìn, Lo̍k-kok-tìn pēng-ji̍p Hûn-lîm-koān.\n6. Sì-ô͘-hiong, Goân-chióng-hiong, Kháu-ô͘-hiong, Chúi-nâ-hiong kap Pak-káng-tìn pēng-ji̍p Ka-gī-koān.\n7. Lâm-chú-khu, Ko-hiông-koān (bô pau-hâm Bí-lông-tìn, La̍k-ku-hiong, Bō͘-lîm-hiong, thô-goân-hiong kap Sam-bîn-hiong) to̍k-li̍p siat Hōng-soaⁿ-koān.\n8. Sió-káng-hiong pēng-ji̍p Ko-hiông-chhī.\n9. Bí-lông-tìn, La̍k-ku-hiong, Bō͘-lîm-hiong, thô-goân-hiong kap Sam-bîn-hiong pēng-ji̍p Pîn-tong-koān.\n\n### 1997 nî\n\n1997 nî Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok hêng-chèng-khu tiông-ōe kè-ōe tô͘, bô-kāng sek-chhái sī bô-kāng séng-hūn, âng-sek sī ti̍t-hat-chhī.\nIû Hêng-chèng-īⁿ Gián-kiù Hoat-tián Khó-he̍k Úi-oân-hōe só͘ hoat-piáu ê bô si̍t-hiān kè-ōe, kā Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chū-iû tē-khu tong-sî ê 2 séng (Tâi-oân, Hok-kiàn) 2 chhī (Tâi-pak, Ko-hiông) tiông-sin ōe chòe 6 séng 3 chhī 1 te̍k-khu. Lēng-gōa, koān-chhī-kip hêng-chèng-khu hong-bīn iā chò-chhut siong-tong ê tiâu-chéng.\n\n| Kui-ōe ê hêng-chèng-khu | **Tùi-èng ê goân-iú hêng-chèng-khu** |\n| --- | --- |\n| **Séng-kip** | **Koān-kip** |\n| **Pak-ki-séng** | Ke-lâng-chhī | Ke-lâng-chhī ka-siōng Tâi-pak-koān ê Se̍k-chí-chhī, Sūi-hong-tìn, Pêng-khe-tìn, Siang-khe-hiong, Kòng-liâu-hiong. |\n| Pak-it-koān | Sam-tiông-chhī, Sin-chng-chhī, Lô͘-chiu-chhī, Tām-chúi-tìn, Gō͘-kó͘-hiong, Nâ-kháu-hiong, Sam-chi-hiong, Chio̍h-mn̂g-hiong, Pat-lí-hiong, Kim-soaⁿ-hiong, Bān-lí-hiong. |\n| Pak-jī-koān | Pang-kiô-chhī, Thô͘-siâⁿ-chhī, Chhiū-nâ-chhī, Eng-ko-tìn, Sam-kiap-tìn. |\n| Pak-sam-koān | Tiong-hô-chhī, Éng-hô-chhī, Sin-tiàm-chhī, Chhim-kheⁿ-hiong, Chio̍h-tēng-hiong, Pîⁿ-nâ-hiong, U-lai-hiong. |\n| **Tâi-pak-chhī** | | Tâi-pak-chhī (bô piàn). |\n| **Thô-biâu-séng** | Thô-it-koān | Thô-hn̂g-chhī, Pat-tek-chhī, Tāi-khe-tìn, Kū-soaⁿ-hiong, Lô͘-tek-hiong, Tōa-hn̂g-hiong, Ho̍k-heng-hiong. |\n| Thô-jī-koān | Tiong-le̍k-chhī, Pêng-tìn-chhī, Iûⁿ-mûi-tìn, Liông-thâm-hiong, Koan-im-hiong, Sin-ok-hiong. |\n| Sin-tek-koān | Sin-tek-chhī, Sin-tek-koān. |\n| Biâu-le̍k-koān | Biâu-le̍k-koān (bô piàn). |\n| **Tiong-tâu-séng** | tâi-tiong-koān | Hong-goân-chhī, Tang-sì-tìn, Tāi-kah-tìn, Chheng-chúi-tìn, Soa-la̍k-tìn, Gô͘-chhe-tìn, Āu-lí-hiong, Sîn-kóng-hiong, Thâm-chú-hiong, Tāi-ngé-hiong, Sin-siā-hiong, Chio̍h-kng-hiong, Gōa-po͘-hiong, Tāi-an-hiong, Tōa-tō͘-hiong, Liông-chéⁿ-hiong, Hô-pêng-hiong. |\n| Chiong-it-koān | Chiong-hòa-chhī. Lo̍k-káng-tìn, Hô-bí-tìn, Sòaⁿ-sai-hiong, Sin-káng-hiong, Hok-heng-hiong, Siù-chúi-hiong, Hoe-tôaⁿ-hiong, Hun-hn̂g-hiong, Tōa-chhun-hiong, Po͘-iâm-hiong. |\n| Chiong-jī-koān | Oân-lîm-tìn, Khe-ô͘-tìn, Tiân-tiong-tìn, Pak-táu-tìn, Jī-lîm-tìn, Po͘-sim-hiong, Éng-chēng-hiong, Siā-thâu-hiong, Jī-chúi-hiong, Chhân-bóe-hiong, Pi-thâu-hiong, Hong-oán-hiong, Tōa-siâⁿ-hiong, Tek-tn̂g-hiong, Khe-chiu-hiong. |\n| Lâm-tâu-koān | Lâm-tâu-koān (bô piàn). |\n| **Tâi-tiong-chhī** | | Tâi-tiong-chhī ka-siōng Tâi-tiong-koān ê Tāi-lí-chhī, Thài-pêng-chhī, Bǔ-hong-hiong, O͘-ji̍t-hiong. |\n| **Ka-lâm-séng** | Hûn-lîm-koān | Hûn-lîm-koān (bô piàn). |\n| Ka-gī-koān | Ka-gī-koān, Ka-gī-chhī. |\n| Lâm-it-koān | Sin-iâⁿ-chhī, Kiâm-chúi-tìn, Pe̍h-hô-tìn, Môa-tāu-tìn, Ka-lí-tìn, Ha̍k-kha-tìn, Liú-iâⁿ-hiong, Āu-piah-hiong, Tong-san-hiong, Ē-iâⁿ-hiong,\nLa̍k-kah-hiong, Koaⁿ-tiān-hiong, Tōa-lāi-hiong, Sai-káng-hiong, Chhit-kó͘-hiong, Chiong-kun-hiong, Pak-mn̂g-hiong. |\n| Lâm-jī-koān | Éng-khong-chhī, Sin-hòa-tìn, Siān-hòa-tìn, Sin-chhī-hiong, An-tēng-hiong, San-siōng-hiong, Gio̍k-chéⁿ-hiong, Lâm-se-hiong, Lâm-hòa-hiong, Chó-tìn-hiong, Jîn-tek-hiong, Kui-jîn-hiong, Koan-biō-hiong, Liông-kiā-hiong. |\n| Tâi-lâm-chhī | Tâi-lâm-chhī (bô piàn). |\n| **Ko-pîn-séng** | Ko-it-koān | Hōng-soaⁿ-chhī, Lîm-oân-hiong, Tōa-liâu-hiong, Tōa-chhiū-hiong, Tōa-siā-hiong, Jîn-bú-hiong, Chiáu-chhêng-hiong. |\n| Ko-jī-koān | Kong-san-tìn, Kî-san-tìn, Bí-lông-tìn, Kiô-thâu-hiong, Iàn-châu-hiong, Chhân-liâu-hiong, A-lian-hiong, Lō͘-tek-hiong, Ô͘-lāi-hiong, Ka-tiāⁿ-hiong, Éng-an-hiong, Mî-tô-hiong, Chú-koaⁿ-hiong, La̍k-kū-hiong, Kah-sian-hiong, Sam-nâ-hiong, Lāi-mn̂g-hiong, Bō͘-lîm-hiong, Thô-goân-hiong, Sam-bîn-hiong. |\n| Pîn-tong-koān | Pîn-tong-koān (bô piàn). |\n| Phêⁿ-ô͘-koān | Phêⁿ-ô͘-koān (bô piàn). |\n| **Ko-hiông-chhī** | | Ko-hiông-chhī (bô piàn). |\n| **Hoa-tong-séng** | Gî-lân-koān | Gî-lân-koān (bô piàn). |\n| Hoa-liân-koān | Hoa-liân-koān (bô piàn). |\n| Tâi-tang-koān | Tâi-tang-koān (bô piàn). |\n| **Kim-má Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu** | Kim-mn̂g-koān | Kim-mn̂g-koān (bô piàn). |\n| Liân-kang-koān | Liân-kang-koān. |\n| **Chù 1**: Pak-ki-séng, Thô-biâu-séng, Tiong-tâu-séng, Ka-lâm-séng, Ko-pîn-séng, Hoa-tong-séng téng 6 ê séng-hūn ê miâ lóng bī-tēng.**Chù 2**: Pak-it-koān, Pak-jī-koān, Pak-sam-koān, thô-it-koān, Thô-jī-koān, Chiong-it-koān, Chiong-jī-koān, Lâm-it-koān, Lâm-jī-koān, Ko-it-koān, Ko-jī-koān téng 11 ê koān-hūn ê miâ lóng bī-tēng. |\n\nBī-lâi kui-ōe kiâⁿ-hiòng\n------------------------\n\nIn-ūi le̍k-sú ê in-sò͘, bo̍k-chiân Hok-kiàn-séng kap Tâi-oân-séng ê hoān-ûi ū chin tōa ê chha-kī, chi̍t ê sī chí-ū Kim-mn̂g kap Má-chó͘ tē-khu, lēng-gōa sī chiàm choân-kok hui-siông tōa pí-lē. Jî-chhiáⁿ 2 ê séng lóng í-keng hi-kip-hòa (虛級化), bo̍k-chiân iû Hêng-chèng-īⁿ kap Khu-he̍k Liân-ha̍p Tiong-sim hū-chek. Lēng-gōa, tī Ngó͘-to͘ (五都) kui-ōe liáu-āu, chu-goân iu-goân chi̍p-tiong chāi Tâi-pak kap Sin-pak 2 to͘, put-lī tiong-pō͘ tē-khu ê hoat-tián; koān-chhī ōe-hun kap jîn-kháu hun-pò͘ bô ha̍h, tì-sú si-chèng khiàm chéng-thé ê kui-ōe.\n\nTī chit-má 5 to͘ 12 koān chìn-chêng, put-sî ū-lâng thê-chhut kok-chióng ê kái-chè hong-àn, chia̍p-khòaⁿ--ê ū koān-chhī ha̍p-pèng seng-keh, Sam-to͘ Si̍p-ngó͘-koān (三都十五縣), Sù-séng Lióng-te̍k Siang-siú-to͘ (四省兩特雙首都) kap Lio̍k-seng Kè-ōe (六星計畫). To-sò͘ ê gī-tê lóng pau-hâm khok-tāi Tâi-pak-chhī, Tâi-tiong-chhī, Ko-hiông-chhī hêng-chèng-khu kap Tâi-tiong-chhī seng-keh téng sò͘-kiû, tān-sī in-ūi hêng-chèng-khu tiâu-chéng khan-sia̍p tio̍h hêng-chèng-khu tiông-ōe, ī-soàn hun-phòe, chhú-siau pō͘-hūn hiong-tìn-chhī soán-kí, tē-hng-sèng soán-kí tiâu-chéng téng gī-tê, éng-hióng chân-bīn siūⁿ tōa. Che iā hoán-èng chhut hêng-chèng-khu kui-ōe khiàm su-khó, bô-lūn hoàn-lâm ia̍h hoàn-le̍k tīn-iâⁿ lóng ū thàm-thó chit-ê būn-tê ê siaⁿ-lōng.\n\n2012 nî Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chóng-thóng soán-kí, Chhòa Eng-bûn chi-chhî Sin-tek-koān-chhī ha̍p-pèng, Ka-gī-koān-chhī ha̍p-pèng, jīn-ûi che sī pí-kàu ū li̍p-chek-sèng ê su-kiû, ē-tàng chò-ûi iu-sian khó-lī ê hāng-bo̍k.\n\n中華民國內政部前部長李鴻源認為臺灣的縣和市劃分得太小，地方政府人力、能力普遍不足，導致縣市政府根本沒有能力解決該解決的問題。他指出目前地方制度設計的思維很怪，以為臺灣是個大國，所以才會分那麼多縣市，讓地方資源、人力都分散了，而中央和地方的人力、資源又重疊，他主張應該以五都為核心，合併周邊縣市，提升地方政府的規模和解決問題的能力，將臺灣劃分為五個大行政區，在北部、中部、南部、東部和中央山脈原住民保留區，各自成立一個大行政區。中華民國前內政部長李鴻源初步規劃，將現有的五都直轄市，再和周邊縣市整併成六個直轄市，劃分成北基宜市、桃竹苗市、中彰投市、雲嘉南市、高屏澎湖市、花東市。另外，現行的368個鄉鎮市區，也可能整併成150個，人口較多的鄉鎮市區（20萬以上），升格成縣級市，臺灣大約有50至76縣級市，例如新北市板橋區再升格成板橋市（縣級）。\n\nTiong-hôa Bîn-kok chiân chóng-thóng Lí Teng-hui jīn-ûi, 6 to͘ 16 koān-chhī ê hiān-chōng èng-kai tiông-sin tiâu-chéng chòe \"7 tōa khu-he̍k\", kok khu-he̍k chiàu in pún-sin chu-goân ê te̍k-sek, éng-sio̍k hoat-tián kui-ōe. I chú-tiuⁿ Tâi-pak-chhī, Sin-pak-chhī, Ke-lâng-chhī, Gî-lân-koān ha̍p-pèng chòe 1 khu; Thô-hn̂g-chhī, Sin-tek-chhī, Sin-tek-koān, Biâu-le̍k-koān ha̍p-pèng chòe 1 khu; Tâi-tiong-chhī, Chiong-hòa-koān, Lâm-tâu-koān ha̍p-pèng chòe 1 khu; Hûn-lîm-koān, Ka-gī-chhī, Ka-gī-koān, Tâi-lâm-chhī ha̍p-pèng chòe 1 khu; Ko-hiông-chhī, Pîn-tong-koān ha̍p-pèng chòe 1 khu; Hoa-liân-koān, Tâi-tang-koān ha̍p-pèng chòe 1 khu; Phêⁿ-ô͘-koān, Kim-mn̂g-koān, Má-chó͘ Lia̍t-tó téng lī-tó ha̍p-pèng chòe 1 khu; choân Tâi-oân hun chòe 7 tōa khu-he̍k.\n\nLi̍p-hoat úi-oân Tân Bêng-bûn kiàn-gī Tâi-oân choân-kok èng-kai chéng-pèng chòe 7 tōa ti̍t-hat-chhī, Pak-Pak-Ki-Gî chéng-pèng chòe chi̍t ê ti̍t-hat-chhī, Thô-Tek-Biâu chéng-pèng chòe chi̍t ê ti̍t-hat-chhī, Tiong-Chiong-Tâu chéng-pèng chòe chi̍t ê ti̍t-hat-chhī, Hûn-Ka-Ka chéng-pèng chòe chi̍t ê ti̍t-hat-chhī, Lâm-Ko-Pîn chéng-pèng chòe chi̍t ê ti̍t-hat-chhī, Phêⁿ-Kim-Má chéng-pèng chòe chi̍t ê ti̍t-hat-chhī, choân-kok èng-kai it-tì-sèng ê hêng-chèng khu-ōe, chiah ū hoat-tō͘ sok-sió siâⁿ-hiong tiong-kan ê lo̍h-chha, tài-tōng Tâi-oân choân-bīn ê hoat-tián.\n\n### Sam-to͘ Si̍p-ngó͘-koān, Lio̍k-seng Kè-ōe, Sù-siú Lióng-te̍k Siang-kok-to͘, Ngó͘-to͘ Ngó͘-khu\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Sam-to͘ Si̍p-ngó͘-koān\n\nSam-to͘ Si̍p-ngó͘-koān| Sam-to͘ | Si̍p-ngó͘-koān |\n| --- | --- |\n| \n* Tâi-pak Ti̍t-hat To͘-hōe-khu\n* Tâi-tiong Ti̍t-hat To͘-hōe-khu\n* Ko-hiông Ti̍t-hat To͘-hōe-khu\n\n | \n* Thô-hn̂g\n* Sin-tek\n* Biâu-le̍k\n* Lâm-tâu\n* Chiong-hòa\n* Hûn-lîm\n* Ka-gī\n* Tâi-lâm\n* Pîn-tong\n* Gî-lân\n* Hoa-liân\n* Tâi-tang\n* Phêⁿ-ô͘\n* Kim-mn̂g\n* Liân-kang\n\n |\n\n六星計畫（未實現計畫）| \n* **普通行政區**（省或州）\n\t+ 臺北州（省），原北北基合併\n\t+ 新竹州（省），原桃竹苗合併\n\t+ 臺中州（省），原中彰投合併\n\t+ 臺南州（省），原雲嘉南合併\n\t+ 高雄州（省），原高高屏合併\n\t+ 花東州（省），原宜花東合併\n* **特別行政區**\n\t+ 離島特別行政區，原澎金馬合併\n\n |\n| 2008年中華民國總統選舉候選人謝長廷認為各縣市的國際能見度都很低，依各地的行政區編制，地方的人才和能力也不足，主張將臺灣分成六大地區（省或州），國土重劃與改造成六個大區（北北基、桃竹苗、中彰投、雲嘉南、高高屏、宜花東），可取名為州或省，再依各個區域不同的特性和特色進行適合各地區的開發發展計畫。六個區域均衡發展，臺灣等於就有六個新加坡的競爭力，再加上澎金馬合併為離島特區（特別行政區），臺灣的國際競爭力才能大幅地躍升。 |\n\n四省兩特雙首都（未實現計畫）| \n* **雙首都**（雙國都）\n\t+ 臺北市\n\t+ 高雄市\n* **直轄市**\n\t+ 臺中市\n* **省**\n\t+ 臺北省（省轄市：基隆市、新竹市）\n\t+ 臺中省\n\t+ 臺南省（省轄市：嘉義市、臺南市）\n\t+ 臺東省\n* **特別行政區**\n\t+ 山地特別行政區\n\t+ 離島特別行政區\n\n |\n| 前中華民國副總統呂秀蓮提出「四省兩特雙首都」主張，強調這是多次會議後做出的結論，「不是選舉主張」。是以河川流域劃分為北、中、南、東四個行省，設置高山與離島兩個特別行政區；大臺北與大高雄則為雙首都。 |\n\n五都五區（未實現計畫）| 五都 | 五區 |\n| --- | --- |\n| \n* 臺北市（都），不變\n* 新北市（都），基隆市併入新北市\n* 臺中市（都），大部分不變，部分析出\n* 臺南市（都），大部分不變，部分析出\n* 高雄市（都），大部分不變，部分析出\n\n | \n* 宜花東合併為一個區\n* 桃竹苗合併為一個區\n* 部分原臺中縣、彰化縣、南投縣、雲林縣合併為一個區\n* 澎金馬合併為外島特區\n* 嘉義縣、嘉義市、屏東縣、部分原高雄縣、部分原臺南縣合併為一個區\n\n |\n| 2012年中華民國總統選舉候選人宋楚瑜主張將臺灣分成十大行政區，即是五都和五區。 |\n\n### Khu-he̍k liân-ha̍p tī-lí\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Khu-he̍k liân-ha̍p tī-lí\nTiong-hôa Bîn-kok tē-14 jīm chóng-thóng Chhòa Eng-bûn só͘ thê-chhut ê chú-tiuⁿ, bo̍k-tek sī beh hō͘ tē-hng \"tōa-hàn\", tiong-iong pàng-khoân, tiâu-chéng tiong-iong tē-hng khoân-chek kap châi-goân hun-phòe, lâi thê-ko kok-ka châi-chèng sú-iōng hāu-lu̍t.\n\n| 7 khu |\n| --- |\n| * Tōa Tâi-pak: Tâi-pak-chhī, Sin-pak-chhī, Ke-lâng-chhī, Pak Thô-hn̂g\n* Thô-tek-biâu: Lâm Thô-hn̂g, Sin-tek-koān, Sin-tek-chhī、Biâu-le̍k-koān\n* Tiong-chiong-tâu: Tâi-tiong-chhī, Chiong-hòa-koān, Lâm-tâu-koān\n* Hûn-ka-ka: Hûn-lîm-koān, Ka-gī-koān, Ka-gī-chhī, Tâi-lâm-chhī (khe-pak)\n* Lâm-ko-pîn-phêⁿ: Tâi-lâm-chhī (khe-lâm), Ko-hiông-chhī, Pîn-tong-koān, Phêⁿ-ô͘-koān\n* Tang-pō͘: Gî-lân-koān, Hoa-liân-koān, Tâi-tang-koān\n* Kim-má: Kim-má tē-khu\n |\n\nChham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n### Ín-iōng\n\n1. ↑ 劉寧顏編，《重修臺灣省通志》\n2. ↑ 100年元旦 桃園縣升準直轄市\n3. ↑ 將掌內政部 李鴻源:推動國土規劃\n4. ↑ 國土新規劃 鄉鎮市擬合併升格\n5. ↑ 李登輝：國土重新規劃7區域\n6. ↑ 縣市合併議題燒 陳明文：全國應併為7大直轄市\n\n### Lâi-goân\n\nChheh\n* 劉寧顏 編：《重修臺灣省通志》，臺北市：臺灣省文獻委員會，1994年。\n* 施亞軒：《臺灣的行政區變遷》，臺北：遠足文化出版社，2003年。","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân ê hêng-chèng-khu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[15295,30883,0.4952562898682123],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":36579}} -{"text":"**Tē-hā tiān-tâi** (地下電台) chí bô keng-kòe ún-chún sú-iōng la-jí-o·h kóng-pò pîn-lu̍t ê tiān-tâi. Chiah ê pîn-lu̍t it-poaⁿ pó-liû hō· siong-gia̍p chi̍p-thoân, chèng-hú, a̍h-sī kong-kiōng sú-iōng. Tē-hā tiān-tâi pau-koat té-pho pîn-lu̍t.\n\nTī hòng-sàng siū kóan-chè ê kok-ka, tē-hā tiān-tâi sī ûi-hoat ê. Put-jî-kò in-ūi siong-koan ê ke-si hó chhàng, chèng-hú tan-ūi (chhin-chhiūⁿ Tâi-oân ê Sin-bûn-kiok, Bí-kok ê Liân-pang Thong-sìn Úi-oân-hoē) tiāⁿ bô-hoat-tō· iú-hāu chhōe chhut hū-chek-jîn koh kā in chè-chhâi.\n\nTī Se-hng, tē-hā tiān-tâi kap bû-chèng-hú chú-gī ū siong-tong ê koan-hē. Ūn-tōng-chiá jīn-ûi tē-hā tiān-tâi sī tùi tōa châi-thoân kap koaⁿ-hong ūi in siat-kè ê pîn-lu̍t koan-chè hoat-tō· ê thiau-chiàn.\n\nTùi kok-chè-hái hòng-sàng\n-------------------------\n\nBí-kok, Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok, Pak Europa ê tē-hā tiān-tâi ū tùi kok-ché-hái hòng-sàng ê thoân-thóng. Tē-1-chiah tē-hā tiān-tâi ê chûn tāi-khài sī Rex. Chit chiah kiáu-chûn tī 1930 nî-tāi tùi Bí-kok Ka-chiu kīn-hái hòng-sàng. Chū 1958-nî khai-sí, kúi-nā-ê tē-hā tiān-tâi tùi chûn-téng hòng-sàng khì kah Danmark, Kē-tē-kok, kap Sūi-tián. Tē-1-ê (ia̍h-sī siōng ū miâ-siaⁿ ê) Eng-kok tē-hā tiān-tâi sī Radio Caroline, tùi 1964-nî khai-sí.\n\nHoat-kok ê tē-hā tiān-tâi\n-------------------------\n\nHoat-kok ê tē-hā tiān-tâi ūn-tōng tī 70 nî-tāi bóe, 80 nî-tāi chhe khai-sí oa̍h-tāng.\n\nTâi-oân ê tē-hā tiān-tâi\n------------------------\n\nTâi-oân chū 1994-nî khai-sí ū tē-hā tiān-tâi. Chiah ê tiān-tâi lóng tùi tē-bīn hòng-sàng.\n\nSiōng ū miâ-siaⁿ ê tiān-tâi lóng kap hit-chūn ê chèng-tī hoán-tùi ūn-tōng, siā-hōe ūn-tōng ū tī-tāi. Kî-tha iáu koh ū tân-sûn siong-gia̍p-tek ê hui-hoat tiān-tâi, sio̍k-chheng \"bē-io̍h-á-tâi\".\n\n### Tâi-oân tē-hā tiān-tâi lia̍t-toaⁿ\n\nPō·-hūn tiān-tâi í-keng ha̍p-hoat-hòa.\n\n* Tâi-oân-chi-siaⁿ\n* Chin-lí-chi-siaⁿ\n* Le̍k-sek Hô-pêng Tiān-tâi\n* TNT Pó-tó Sin-siaⁿ Tiān-tâi\n* Chheng-liân-chi-siaⁿ\n* Sin-tóng-chi-im\n* Chèng-gī-chi-siaⁿ\n* Kûn-chiòng-chi-siaⁿ\n* Hái-iûⁿ-chi-siaⁿ\n* Bāng-chhun-hong Kóng-pò Tiān-tâi\n* Sin-iâⁿ-chi-siaⁿ\n* Bîn-seng-chi-siaⁿ\n* Tá-káu Eng-hîong Tiān-tâi\n* Tâi-oân-lâng Kóng-pò Tiān-tâi\n\nChām-gōa liân-kiat\n------------------\n\n* Gio̍k-san Bāng-lō· Tiān-sī-tâi tī bāng-lō· choán-poh chin chē Tâi-oân to̍k-phài ê tē-hā tiān-tâi.\n* Le̍k-sek Hô-pêng Tiān-tâi\n* Sin-tóng-chi-im\n* Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê Radio Jackie ū bûn-chiuⁿ biô-siá in tùi 1969-nî kàu 2003-nî ha̍p-hoat-hòa ê le̍k-sú. Che m̄-sī tián-hêng ê kò·-sū. (Eng-gí)\n* Chū-iû la-jí-o·h ê sian-hong (Hoat-gí)\n* Des radios pirates aux radios libres (Hoat-gí)\n* How to be a Community Radio Station (Eng-gí)\n* (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Tē-hā tiān-tâi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[727,2421,0.3002891367203635],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2905}} -{"text":"Tōng-oân Kham-loān Sî-kî Lîm-sî Tiâu-khoán sī Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Hiàn-hoat chân-keng chûn-chāi ê hù-sio̍k tiâu-khoán, iû Kok-bîn Tāi-hōe chè-tēng, pēng-chhiáⁿ tī tōng-oân kham-loān sî-kî pí Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Hiàn-hoat tāi-seng sek-iōng. Chū 1948 nî 5 goe̍h 10 hō kong-pò͘ si̍t-si khai-sí, it-ti̍t-kàu 1991 nî keng-iû Kok-bîn Tāi-hōe koat-gī kap sî-jīm chóng-thóng Lí Teng-hui kong-kò͘ liáu-āu chiah tī kāng-nî ê 5 goe̍h 1 hō hòe-chí, lóng-chóng si-hêng 43 tang.\n\nPōe-kéng\n--------\n\n1947 nî, Kok-bîn Chèng-hú pan-pò͘ Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Hiàn-hoat. Tān-sī tī Tiong-kok khòng Ji̍t chiàn-cheng kiat-sok sî, 中Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng kun-tūi sè-le̍k ta̍uh-ta̍uh khok-tāi. 7 goe̍h, Kok-bîn Chèng-hú Kok-bu6 Hōe-gī thong-kòe si̍t-si choân-kok chóng-tōng-oân àn, Chiúⁿ Kài-chio̍h chheng-chū chú-chhî, pēng tì-sû soat-bêng ūi-tio̍h kái-kiù Tiong-kiōng khòng-chè-khu jîn-bîn, pó-chiòng bîn-cho̍k seng-chûn, kióng-kò͘ kok-ka thóng-it, kham-pêng Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng, jû-kî si̍tsi hiàn-chèng, pit-su si̍t-si choân-kok chóng-tōng-oân, iû Kok-bîn Chèng-hú pan-lēng si-hêng. Kok-bū Hōe-gī thong-kòe Tōng-oân Kham-loān Oân-sêng Hiàn-chèng Si̍t-si Kong-iàu. 7 goe̍h 4 hō, Chiúⁿ Kài-chio̍h tī Kok-bîn Chèng-hú Tē-la̍k-chhù Kok-bū Hōe-gī thê-kau \"lē-hêng choân-kok chóng-tōng-oân, í kham kiōng-húi poàn-loān\" ê tōng-oân-lēng, pēng tī keh-tńg-kang kong-pò͘, chiông-chhú Tiong-kok chìn-ji̍p \"Tōng-oân Kham-loān\" sî-kî.\n\n参考文献\n----\n\n\n1. 全國法規資料庫\n2. 動員戡亂時期臨時條款半世紀的變遷動力 (曾建元 200209) Archived 2010-07-11 at the Wayback Machine.\n3. 國民大會 官方網站 Archived 2020-05-09 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Tōng-oân Kham-loān Sî-kî Lîm-sî Tiâu-khoán","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[156,1551,0.10058027079303675],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1773}} -{"text":"**Ông Io̍k-lîm** (王育霖; 1919 nî - 1947 nî 3 goe̍h 31) , Sin-tek-chhī kiám-chhat-koaⁿ, tī cháu-siám Kok-bîn-tóng lia̍h-lâng ê sî, in-uī koh oa̍t-tńg--khì the̍h mi̍h-kiāⁿ chiah hōng lia̍h tioh. San goe̍h tè í-āu chhù-sì, si-thè hē-lō put-bêng.\n\nÔng Io̍k-lîm teh Sin-tek-chhī chò kiám-chhat-koaⁿ, hoat-hiān chhī-tiúⁿ Koè Siau-chong (郭紹宗) sia̍p-ji̍p su-thun gû-ling-hún ê àn-kiāⁿ, i kiò kèng-chhat khì lia̍h Koè Siau-chong, bô-siūⁿ--tioh kèng-chhat-kio̍k-tiúⁿ mā sī choh-hué teh tham-u ē, soah hoan-tò-tńg lâi kā Ông kiám-chhat-koaⁿ uî-khì--lâi, the̍h cháu tái-pó͘-lēng. I tńg khì kiám-chhat-chhù beh koh the̍h tái-pó͘-lēng soah hō͘ téng-si mā. Ông Io̍k-lîm chiū siūⁿ-khì lâi lî-khui khì Tâi-pak kà-chheh. Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ ê sî chiū khì hō͘ Koè Siau-chong phài-lâng lia̍h khì koh thâi--sí.\n\nÔng Io̍k-lîm ê sió-tī sī chhut-miâ ê Tâi-to̍k ūn-tōng-chiá kap Tâi-gí-bûn ê ha̍k-chiá Ông Io̍k-tek\n\nChām-gōa liân-kiat\n------------------\n\n* 228 Sū-kiān Kì-liām Ki-kim-hoē: Ông Io̍k-lîm ê siāu-kài Archived 2010-01-21 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Ông Io̍k-lîm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[95,997,0.09528585757271815],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1169}} -{"text":"2004\n**Lô-chúi-khe Kong-siā** (**LTK**, hàn-jī: 濁水溪公社; 1990 nî chèng-sek chhòng-li̍p) sī Tâi-oân chhut-miâ ê tē-hā ga̍k-thoân. In ê im-ga̍k ū punk, rock, nakasi, Tâi-oân bîn-iâu téng-téng ê sêng-hūn thàu-lām chò-hoé. In āu-lâi chheng-hō· in kiâⁿ ê im-ga̍k lō·-soàⁿ, Taik (Hôa-gí: 台客).\n\nLô-chúi-khe Kong-siā mā hō-chò *LTK*, ū-sî-chūn siá \"Loh Tsui Kweh\". Hō Lô-chúi-khe ê miâ, iōng \"LTK\" ê phèng-im, lóng piáu-sī in ū ì-sek kiâⁿ 1 tiâu \"pún-thó·\" ê lō·-soàⁿ.\n\nTe̍k-sek\n--------\n\nIn ê koa khah chē kui-tiâu iōng Hō-ló-oē, ū-sî sī Hôa-gí.\n\nLô-chúi-khe Kong-siā bat ho·-èng Tâi-oân 90 nî-tāi chho·-kî ê ke-thâu ūn-tōng, pau-koat lô-kang, khoân-pó, hoán Kok-bîn-tóng ui-koân thé-chè téng-téng ê siā-hoē gī-tê. In mā bat chàn-siaⁿ chi-chhî jîn-koân ūn-tōng kap Tâi-oân to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng.\n\nIn ê koa tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ chhiùⁿ chhut ē-kha-chân siā-hoē chò-kang-á-lâng ê sim-siaⁿ, te̍k-pia̍t sī cha-po·-lâng ê ut-chut, tùi sèng ê ǹg-bāng, tùi sèng-bû-lêng ê kiaⁿ-hiâⁿ. In ê koa-sû thiau-kò·-ì ū chin chē tùi sèng ê biô-siá (chhin-chhiūⁿ phah-chhiú-chhèng, SM) kap \"lah-sap\", chho·-ló· ê oē-gí (khó-pí kóng sái, kàn-kiāu).\n\nŪ lâng jīn-ûi in khoàⁿ-khin cha-bó·-lâng. \"Kiông-kan Sat-jîn\" chit tè koa te̍k-pia̍t ū cheng-gī.\n\nChhan-chhiūⁿ phêng-lūn-ka Malaita kóng--ê, thiaⁿ--koè ê lâng m̄ sī chin kah-ì tō sī put-chí-á hoán-kám.\n\nSêng-oân\n--------\n\n* Chhoà Hái-un (蔡海恩, \"Chó-phài\") - hoat-khí-jîn, lêng-hûn hūn-chú; gí-tah-chhiú.\n* Koa Jîn-kian (柯仁堅, \"Sió Koa\") - 90 nî-tāi boé-kî ka-ji̍p, lêng-hûn hūn-chú; gí-tah-chhiú.\n* Lâu Pek-lī (劉柏利) - bass\n* (陳俊熾, \"阿熾\") - kó·\n\nChhoà Hái-un, Koa Jîn-kian 2 lâng í-chá tha̍k Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k, āu--lâi hông thoè-ha̍k.\n\nTùi in ê éng-hióng\n------------------\n\nLô-chúi-khe Kong-siā chá-kî ê im-ga̍k hoán-èng Chhoà Hái-un ê kháu-bī, sêng grunge. \"Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kái-hòng Tâi-oân\", \"U238\" sio̍k kāng chit-ê hong-keh. Chhoà Hái-un mā toà lâi pún-thó· bîn-iâu ê goân-sò·. Lēng-goā 1-ūi lêng-hûn jîn-bu̍t Koa Jîn-kian toà lâi Nakasi. I tī koa lāi-té chham hóng thoân-thóng hì-khek ê kháu-pe̍h kap chháu-kin ê kàn-kiāu bûn-hoà. Malaita jīn-ûi Lâu Pek-lī toà lâi khah \"li̍p-thé\" ê pian-khek hong-keh.\n\nChok-phín\n---------\n\n* 愛死亞洲第一輯 (1993) - ha̍p-chip\n* 地下音樂檔案５ (1995) - tē-1-tiuⁿ choan-chip\n* 南國再見，南國 (1996) - tiān-iáⁿ soundtrack, 2 tiâu koa\n* 牛年春天吶喊現場專輯〈一〉 (1997?) - ha̍p-chip\n* 牛年春天吶喊現場專輯〈二〉 - ha̍p-chip\n* 97赤聲搖滾 (1997) - ha̍p-chip\n* 虎年春天吶喊 (1998?) - ha̍p-chip\n* 兔年春天吶喊 (1999?) - ha̍p-chip\n* 台客的復仇 (1999) - tē-2-tiuⁿ choan-chip\n* 臭死了 (2001) - tē-3-tiuⁿ choan-chip\n\nTit-chióng\n----------\n\n2013 nî Kim-im Chhòng-chok-chióng, Chòe-ka Iô-kún Toaⁿ-khek, \"Khòaⁿ-tio̍h O͘-iáⁿ Tō Khui-chhèng\"\n \n2020 nî Kim-khek-chióng, Chòe-ka Tâi-gí Choan-chip-chióng, \"Chong-hông\"\n\nGoā-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Sî-kan-pió\n* \n* Malaita ê phêng-lūn Archived 2004-08-03 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Lô-chúi-khe Kong-siā","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[649,2680,0.2421641791044776],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3203}} -{"text":"United States Supreme Court casePang-bô͘:SHORTDESC:United States Supreme Court case \n**Washington sòo Harper àn**, 494 U.S. 210 (1990) (ing-gú: Washington v. Harper, 494 U.S. 210 (1990)), sī Bí-kok tsuè-ko huat-īnn ê tsi̍t-khí àn-kiânn, kî-tiong tsi̍t-ê hông kam-kìm ê siû-huān tio̍h hui tsū-guān iōng-io̍h būn-tê khí-sòo Washington tsiu, tik-pia̍t sī khòng tsing-sîn io̍h-bu̍t.\n\nPuē-kíng\n--------\n\nWalter Harper uì 1976-nî í-lâi it-ti̍t sī Washington kam-ga̍k hē-thóng ê tsi̍t-ê siû-huān; kin-kì pò-tō, Harper teh bī ho̍k-iōng khòng tsing-sîn io̍h-bu̍t ê sî-tsūn ē piáu-hiān tshut pō-li̍k hîng-uî. Harper pat nn̄g-piàn hông tsuán-î kàu ti̍k-sû tsuē-huān tiong-sim (SOC); tse-sī tsi̍t-ê kuan-ah hông tsing-tuan tshut–lâi ū tsing-sîn pēnn-tsìng ê siû-huān tsi kok-ka ki-kòo. Teh hia hia Harper pī-pik uî-puē ka-kī ê ì-guān lâi ho̍k-iōng tsing-sîn io̍h-bu̍t. SOC tsun-sûn i-ê ki-kòo sím-tsa tsìng-tshik tsō-tshut kiông-tsè siû-huān ho̍k-io̍h ê kuat-tīng.\n\nHarper teh tiong-sim tē-2 pái tuā-hīnn liáu-āu, Harper kin-kì 42 U.S.C. hiòng tsiu huat-īnn thê-khí sòo-siōng. 1983-nî, tsí-khòng tsit-ê tiong-sim hui tsū-guān tuì i tsìn-hîng io̍h-bu̍t tī-liâu tsìn-tsîng bē-tàng thê-kiong su-huat thiann-tsìng-huē; tsū-án-ne uî-huán tē-14 tiâu siu-tsìng-ànê tsìng-tong tîng-sū tiâu-khuán. Tshoo-sím huat-īnn pok-huê Harper ê sin-sòo; m̄-kuh tsiu tsuè-ko huat-īnn thui-huan guân-phuànn pīng-tshiánn kā àn-kiânn huat-huê tshoo-sím huat-īnn. Hām siann-bîng kan-na teh su-huat thiann-tsìng-huē tíng-kuân, tsit-ê siû-huān ū tshiong-hun tuì-khòng sìng tîng-sū pó-hōo; lî-tshiánn kok-ka ē-tàng thong-kuè \"bîng-khak, ū-la̍t kah [494 U.S. 210, 211] lîng-jîn sìn-ho̍k ê\" tsìng-kù tsìng-bîng kiông-tsè io̍h-bu̍t tuì tshiok-tsìn tiōng-iàu ê kok-ka lī-ik sī pit-iàu hām ū-hāu ê, kuân-hîng kò-jîn ê lī-ik hām kok-ka ê lī-ik.\n\nBí-kok tsuè-ko huat-īnn siū-ú tiàukuàn-līn g(Writ of Certiorari). Bí-kok sim-lí ha̍k-huē thê-kau tsi̍t-hūn \"huâ-ting tsi iú kán-pò\" (amicus brief) í-lâi tsi-tshî siû-huān hi̍k-tik tsìng-tong tîng-sū thiann-tsìng-huē ê kuân-lī, tsí-tshut tuì tsi̍t-ê hông kam-kìm ê siû-huān tsìn-hîng kiông-tsè io̍h-bu̍t tī-liâu sī uî-huán Bí-kok hiàn-huat ê tsìng-tong tîng-sū, pîng-tíng pó-hōo kah giân-lūn tsū-iû ê tiâu-khuán.\n\nHuat-īnn ì-kiàn\n---------------\n\nHuat-īnn thui-huan phuànn-kuat, jīm-uî kin-kì \"2Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78 (1987)\" lāi-té thê-hiân ê khah-ke ê sím-tsa piau-tsún, teh pún-àn tang-tiong sú-iōng lāi-pōo ki-kòo sím-tsa ū-kàu-thang tsō-tshut tī-liâu ê kuat-tīng.\n\nBí-kok tsuè-ko huat-īnn tshâi-tīng, \"tsìng-tong tîng-sū tiâu-khuán\" (Due Process Clause) un-tsún tsi̍t-ê tsiu ē-tàng uî-puē siû-huān ê ì-guān sú-iōng khòng tsing-sîn io̍h-bu̍t lâi tī-liâu huān-iú giâm-tiōng tsing-sîn tsiòng-gāi koh-hông hông kam-kìm ê siû-huān; tiâu-kiānn sī siû-huān tuì ka-kī hi̍k-tsiá thann-jîn kòo-sîng huî-hiám pīng-tshiánn lî-tshiánn sóo khui ê io̍h-bu̍t sī tuì siû-huān kū-iú siōng-hó ê i̍k-ha̍k lī-ik.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 3 4 *Washington v. Harper*, 494 U.S. 210 (1990).\n2. ↑ Gary, Melton (1997). *Psychological Evaluations for the Courts: A Handbook for Mental Health Professionals and Lawyers* (2nd pán.). New York: The Guilford Press. pp. 134, 350–351. ISBN 978-1-57230-236-5.\n3. ↑ \"Washington' et al. Petitioners v. Walter Harper\". 2007-10-10 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"Washington v. Harper, 494 U.S. 210\". American Psychological Association. 2007-10-10 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nÊn-sin ua̍t-to̍k\n----------------\n\n* Mclearen, Alix M.; Ryba, Nancy L. (2003). \"Identifying Severely Mentally Ill Inmates: Can Small Jails Comply with Detection Standards?\". *Journal of Offender Rehabilitation*. **37** (1): 25–40. doi:10.1300/J076v37n01\\_03.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* *Riggins sò͘ Nevada àn [en]*, 504 U.S. 127 (1992) (Riggins sòo Nevada àn)\n* List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 494\n* United States Reports\n* Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* \n\n* Wikisource logo Wikisource ū koan-hē Washington v. Harper ê goân-sú bûn-jī.\n* Text of *Washington v. Harper*, 494 U.S. 210 (1990) is available from: Findlaw  Justia  Library of Congress  Oyez (oral argument audio)\n* Forced Medication of Legally Incompetent Prisoners: A Primer","meta":{"title":"Washington sò͘ Harper àn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1663,4544,0.3659771126760563],"infobox":["
    Washington sòo Harper àn
    \n\"Seal
    Argued October 11, 1989
    Decided February 27, 1990
    Full case name\nWashington, et al., Petitioners v. Walter Harper
    Citations\n494 U.S. 210 (more)
    110 S. Ct. 1028; 108 L. Ed. 2d 178; 1990 U.S. LEXIS 1174; 58 U.S.L.W. 4249
    Holding
    \nThe Due Process Clause permits a state to treat an incarcerated inmate having a serious mental disorder with antipsychotic medication against his will, under the condition that he is dangerous to himself or others and the medication prescribed is in his best medical interest.
    Court membership
    Case opinions
    Majority\nKennedy, joined by unanimous (part II); Rehnquist, White, Blackmun, O'Connor, Scalia (parts I, III, IV, V)
    Concurrence\nBlackmun
    Concur/dissent\nStevens, joined by Brennan, Marshall
    Laws applied
    \nU.S. Const. amend. XIV
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4551}} -{"text":"\n**Nebraska** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú sī Lincoln. Siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Omaha.\n\nTē-hō-miâ\n---------\n\nNebraska sī kó͘ Otoe ōe ê *Ñí Brásge* (ho͘-im: [ɲĩbɾasꜜkɛ]) he̍k-chiá Omaha ōe ê *Ní Btháska* (ho͘-im: [nĩbɫᶞasꜜka]) choán--lâi-ê, ì-sù sī \"pêⁿ-pêⁿ ê chúi\", chí chāi-tē ê Platte Hô.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nPún chiu sī Bí-kok Chêng-hong Sòaⁿ (Frontier Strip) ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, ūi tī South Dakota ê lâm-pêng, Iowa ê sai-pêng kap Missouri ê sai-pak, nn̄g chiu sio keh Missouri Hô; lēng-gōa mā sī tī Kansas pak-pêng, Colorado ê tang-pak kap Wyoming tang-pêng.\n\nChiu lāi ū hūn 93-ê kūn. Jîn-chhiá khòa nn̄g-ê sî-khu: tang pòaⁿ-pêng sio̍k Tiong-iong Sî-kan (Central Time); se pêng sī Soaⁿ-khu Sî-kan (Mountain Time).\n\nŪ saⁿ tiâu tōa hô tùi sai-pêng hiòng tang keng-kòe Nebraska: Platte Hô tùi tiong-ng, Niobrara Hô tùi pak-pō͘, Republican Hô tùi lâm-pō͘. Chiàu tē-hêng lâi kóng, Nebraska ē-sài hun nn̄g-ê tōa khu, óa tang-pêng sī sǹg Dissected Till Plains khu, Omaha kap Lincoln nn̄g-ê tōa siâⁿ lóng tī chit pêng; nā sai-pêng sī Great Plains khu.\n\nNebraska è khì-hāu thang hun chò 2-ê tōa-khu, tang-pòaⁿ-pêng sī sip-jūn tāi-lio̍k khì-hāu, sai-pòaⁿ-pêng sǹg sī pòaⁿ-ta-sò khì-hāu (*semi-arid climate*). Kui-chiu lóng tī un-tō͘ kiam kàng-chúi ê hong-bīn ū pêng-hián kùi-chiat piàn-hòa, joa̍h-thiⁿ chin joa̍h, kôaⁿ-thiⁿ chin kôaⁿ.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nChá-liân tī Nebraska khiā-khí ê goân-chū-bîn pō͘-lo̍k ū Omaha, Missouria, Ponca, Pawnee, Otoe, kap kî-tha chi̍t-kóa Lakota (Sioux) lâng, in chi̍t pō͘-hūn sī tùi tang-pêng î-bîn kòe--lâi.\n\nAu-chiu-lâng tī chit ūi oa̍h-tāng ê sî-chūn, Hoat-kok kap Se-pan-gâ sī chú-iāu tī chia kēng-cheng ê sè-le̍k. 1690 nî-tāi, Se-pan-gâ kiàn-li̍p liáu kap Apache-lâng (ū ùi Nebraska se-pō͘ oa̍h-tāng) ê bō͘-e̍k lâi-óng. 1703 nî, Hoat-kok mā kah Nebraska Missouri Hô tē-khu ê goân-chūn-bûn hoat-tián seng-lí koan-hē. Kàu 1719 nî, koh kah chia ê lâng chhiam liáu chi̍t kóa tiâu-iok.\n\nSe-pan-gâ kap Hoat-kok au-lâi hoat-seng chiàn-cheng, 1720 nî Se-pan-gâ Pedro de Villasur chiong-kun hiòng Nebraska chhut-peng, soah hō͘ kap Hoat-kok kiat-bêng ê Pawnee kap Otoe cho̍k ê lâng phah-pāi.\n\n1762 nî, Hoat-kok tī Chhit-nî Chiàn-cheng tiong, kā Louisiana Léng-thó͘ kòa-niū hō͘ Se-pan-gâ, che chō-sêng Eng-kok kap Se-pan-gâ tī Mississippi Hô tē-khu ê kēng-cheng khai-sí. Eng-kok tī 1773 nî chiū kap Nebraska goân-chū-bûn ū seng-lí lâi-óng, Se-pan-gâ mā phài lâng tī 1794 kap 1795 nî hiòng Missouri Hô thàm-hiám, jî-chhiá tī James Mackay ê niá-chhōa hā ùi Platte Hô chhut-kháu hū-kīn kiàn-li̍p Nebraska siāng chá ê Au-chiu-lâng ke-chhī, in-ê lâng āu-bóe koh tī kin-á-ji̍t Homer siâⁿ hū-kīn khí-chō bo̍k-e̍k-chām.\n\n1819 nî, Bí-kok siat Fort Atkinson chò Missouri Hô͘ sai-pêng thâu chi̍t-ê lio̍k-kun tūn-iâⁿ. \n\nBí-kok tī 1854 nî 5 goe̍h 30, kun-kù Kansas-Nebraska Hoat-àn, Kansas kap Nebraska Léng-thó͘ kiàn-li̍p. Kî-tiong Nebraska Léng-thó͘ pau-koat liáu kin-á-ji̍t ê Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming kap Montana. Léng-thó͘ siú-hú sī Omaha.\n\nNebraska koh tī 1867 nî 3 goe̍h kái siat chò Bí-kok tē-37-ê chiu, hit-tong-sî siú-to͘ tùi Omaha sóa kòe Lancaster (āu-lâi kái miâ Lincoln). 1873 nî 8 goe̍h 5 ji̍t, Pawnee kap Sioux nn̄g cho̍k tī Massacre Canyon sio-thâi.\n\n1898 nî ê Gōa-Mississippi Phok-lám-hōe siòng-phìⁿ.\n19 sè-kí bóe-kî, chin chē Hui-chiu-hē Bí-kok-lâng î-bîn tùi lâm-pêng hiòng pak î-bîn, Nebraska sī in chiân-óng kî-tiong chi̍t ūi. Chia-ê î-bîn khì hia liáu-āu, tōa-hūn chò kang seng-oa̍h.\n\n1898 nî 6 goe̍h kàu 11 goe̍h kî-kan, Gōa-Mississippi Phok-lám-hōe (Trans-Mississippi Exposition) tī Omaha kí-pān.\n\nO͘-lâng tī Omaha siū tio̍h chha-pia̍t tùi-thāi, chit ūi mā piàn chò sī bîn-khoân ūn-tōng ê oa̍h-tāng tē-tiám chi it. Kàu 1960 nî-tāi, Bí-kok goân-chū-bîn ê ūn-tōng mā tī chiu lāi liû-hêng khì--lâi.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nNebraska ê jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘.\nKun-kù Bí-kok Phó͘-cha Kio̍k (United States Census Bureau) ê ko͘-sǹg, Nebraska tī 2014 nî-tiong jîn-kháu ū 1,881,503 lâng.\n\nKun-kù 2010 nî ê phó͘-cha, 86.1% ê Nebraska chiu-bîn sī pe̍h-lâng, kî-tiong lāi-bīn hui-Se-pan-gâ-hē chiàn 82.1%; nā o͘-lâng chiàm 4.5%; Bí-chiu goân-chū-bîn chiàm 1.0%; A-chiu-lâng chiàm 1.8%; Hawaii kap kî-tha Thài-pêng-iûⁿ goân-chū-bîn ū 0.1%.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nKun-kù Keng-chè Hun-sek Kio̍k (Bureau of Economic Analysis) kè-sǹg Nebraska tī 2014 nî ê chiu-lāi chóng seng-sáng (GDP) ū 992 ek bí-kim. In chú-iàu lông-sán ū gû-bah, ti-bah, hoan-be̍h, kap tōa-tāu téng-téng. Kî-tha pí-lūn thih-lō͘ kap khah-chhia ūn-su-gia̍p, chè-chō-gia̍p, thong-sìn mā sī hoat-ta̍t.\n\nChiàu 2015 nî 4 goe̍h sò͘-jī, Nebraska sit-gia̍p-lu̍t sī 2.5%, sī kok-lāi siāng kē. 2015 nî pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (*health care and social assistance*) sán-gia̍p.\n\nKau-thong\n---------\n\nLiân-ha̍p Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Thih-lō͘ (*Union Pacific Railroad*) kong-si chóng-pō͘ siat ùi Omaha. Kî-tha ùi pún chiu teh ūn-chok ê chú-iàu thih-lō͘ koh ū Amtrak, BNSF Railway. Ka-na-tah Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Thih-lō͘ (*Canadian Pacific Railway*) kap Iowa Chiu-chè Thih-lō͘ (*Iowa Interstate Railroad*).\n\nThong-kòe Nebraska ê chiu-chè kong-lō͘ ū I-76, I-89, I-129, I-180, I-380, kap I-680.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015\" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 26, 2015. December 26, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. 1 2 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n4. ↑ Koontz, John. \"Etymology\". *Siouan Languages*. November 28, 2006 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"Nebraska QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau\". Quickfacts.census.gov. October 18, 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Kansas, FRED.\n7. ↑ Local Area Unemployment Statistics, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.\n8. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"Nebraska","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1975,6804,0.29027042915931806],"infobox":["\n
    Nebraska Chiu
    State of Nebraska
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: Cornhusker State
    \nPiau-gí: Equality before the law
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Nebraska highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nEng-gí
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nNebraskan
    Siú-hú\nLincoln
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nOmaha
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nOmaha-Council Bluffs
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-16
     • Ha̍p-kè\n77,354 sq mi
    (200,520 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n210 lí (340 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n430 lí (690 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n0.7
     • Hūi-tō͘\n40° N to 43° N
     • Keng-tō͘\n95° 19' W to 104° 03' W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-37
     • Ha̍p-kè\n1,896,190 (2015 est)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n24.0/sq mi  (9.25/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-43
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$44,623 (tē-20)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nPanorama Point
    5,424 ft (1654 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n2,600 ft  (790 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nMissouri Hô
    840 ft (256 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nNebraska Léng-thó͘
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\nMarch 1, 1867 (tē-37)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nPete Ricketts (R)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nMike Foley (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nNebraska Li̍p-hoat-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nBô (it-īⁿ-chè)
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nBô (it-īⁿ-chè)
    Chham-gī-goân\nDeb Fischer (R)
    Ben Sasse (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\nJeff Fortenberry (R)
    Brad Ashford (D)
    Adrian Smith (R) (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \n 
     • tōa-hūn\nCentral: UTC −6/−5
     • panhandle\nMountain: UTC −7/−6
    ISO 3166\nUS-NE
    Kán-siá\nNE,
    Bāng-chām\nwww.nebraska.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6628}} -{"text":"\n**Utah** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú kap siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Salt Lake City.\n\nTē-hō-miâ\n---------\n\n\"Utah\" sī tùi Ute pō͘-cho̍k ê miâ hō--lâi, chiàu in chāi-tē ì-sù sī \"soaⁿ lāi ê lâng\".\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nUtah ê tē-hêng, tùi ū soa-lūn ê soa-bo̍k, kàu chiam-hio̍h chhiū-nâ lóng ū, in-ūi i ê só͘-chāi tī saⁿ khoán tōa tē-lí hun-khu, ia̍h tio̍h sī Rocky Soaⁿ-me̍h, Great Basin, kap Colorado Ko-goân ê kau-chia̍p.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nChiàu khó-kó͘ gián-kiù 10,000 kàu 12,000 nî í-chêng Utah chit ūi chio̍h ū lâng khiā-khí. Tī in hoat-tián ê sî-kî, chhiau-tōa-hêng ê tōng-bu̍t phì-jû kó͘-chhiūⁿ chiām-chiām siau-sit. Kàu tāi-io̍k chêng 8000 nî, chá-kî chū-bîn hong lēng-gōa chit kûn khó͘-chá soa-bo̍k lâng (Desert Archaic people) chhú-tāi, chia-lâng āu-lâi koh tī 3,500 nî í-chêng tōa-liōng kiám-chió.\n\nFremont bûn-hòa tī tāi-khài 600 kàu 1300 nî kî-kan chhut-hiān tī Utah sai-pêng kiam pak-pêng kap pō͘-hūn ê Nevada, Idaho, Colorado. I khó-lêng kap chìn-chèng ê khó͘-chá soa-bo̍k lâng ū koān-hē. Fremont ê hū-kīn koh tòa kó͘-tāi ê Puebloan bûn-hòa, in seng-oa̍h ê só͘-chāi sī kin-á-ji̍t Four Corners.\n\nTāi-iok tī 1200 nî, koh ū chi̍t tīn kóng Shoshone gí-giân ê lâng lâi kàu pún-tē. Pau-koat Shoshone, Gosiutes, Utes, Paiutes téng-téng, in sī tī Utah lāi bô-kâng só͘-chāi khiā-khí. Tû-liâu chia 4-cho̍k, tī Au-chiu-lâng lâi kàu sî, koh ū Navajo mā tī chit ūi.\n\nSe-pan-gâ-lâng siū Francisco Vásquez de Coronado niá-chhōa, tī 1540 nî lâi kàu Utah lâm-pō͘ thhàm-lō͘, in hit-chūn sī siūⁿ beh chhōe thoân-soat lāi ê n̂g-kim-siâⁿ Cíbola. Āu-lâi, koh ū sîn-hū chhōa tūi ê chi̍t kài Dominguez-Escalante Oán-cheng (Dominguez-Escalante Expedition), in tī 1776 nî tùi Santa Fe chhut-hoat, siūⁿ beh khai-hoat tio̍h hiòng Calofornia ê lō͘. \n\nSe-pan-gâ it-ti̍t bô tùi Utah chiàm-niá thóng-tī. Kàu 1821 nî, Mexico tùi Se-pan-gâ to̍k-li̍p, Utah chia soah piàn hit-chūn Alta California chi̍t hūn.\n\n1844 nî, chia̍p soah kòe-sin ê Joseph Smith, Brigham Young chiâⁿ chò hit-tong-sî tī Ilinois chiu Nauvoo Āu-kî Sèng-tô͘ Kàu-hōe thâu-lâng. In-ūi kap chāi-tē kî-tha jîn-bûn ê chhiong-tu̍t sin koân, Young tī 1845 nî 10 goe̍h koat-tēng chiap-siū Illinois chiu chèng-hú ê pān-hoat, lî khui hiòng pat ūi hoat-tián.\n\nYoung kap in thâu chi̍t tīn Mormon tī 1847 nî 7 goe̍h 24 chó-iū lâi kàu Salt Lake Soaⁿ-kok, soah--lo̍h-lâi 20-gōa tang, koh lâi liáu chhiau-kòe 7-bān ê khui-khún-chiá, hiòng Utah hoat-tián. Āu-lâi hō͘ Salt Lake City piàn hit-chūn Mormon tī se-pō͘ ê tiong-sim.\n\n1848 nî, kun-kù Guadalupe Hidalgo tiâu-iok, Utah tùi Mexico ê léng-thó͘ choán chò Bí-kok só͘ niá.\n\nPún-lâi khui-khún-chiá siūⁿ beh kiàn-li̍p chi̍t-ê Deseret Chiu, m̄ koh āu-lâi tī 1850 nî sêng-li̍p liáu khah sió ê Utah Léng-thó͘ (Utah Territory), lāi-té pau-koat kin-á-ji̍t ê Nevada, Utah, kap pō͘-hūn ê Wyoming chham Colorado. Siú-hú siat tī Fillmore, koh tī 1856 nî sóa khí Salt Lake City.\n\n1857 nî, Mormon kap Bí-kok chham Utah chèng-hú hoat-seng Utah Chiàn-cheng, chō sêng chi̍t kóa hui-Mormon bîn-chiòng sí-bông. Kâng nî koh hoat-seng chi̍t tīn Baker–Fancher î-bîn hóe-chhia beh khì California keng-kòe Utah sî, hō͘ léng-thó͘ kun-tūi kong-ke̍k, chi̍t kàn sū-kiāⁿ kiò Mountain Meadows Chhám-àn.\n\n1865 nî khai-sí ê Black Hawk Chiàn-cheng, sī goân-chū-bîn kap Bí-kok chèng-hú kiam Mormon ê chhiong-tu̍t. Ute-cho̍k chhōa-thâu ê Antonga Black Hawk tī 1870 nî chiàn-sí.\n\nTē-it Khào-tāi-lio̍k Thih-lō͘ (First Transcontinental Railroad) ùi 1869 nî chùn-kang, thong lâi kàu Utah ê Promontory Summit.\n\nUtah ê Mormon kàu-hōe tī 1890 nî kìm-chí it-hu-to-chhe, che mā sī Utah siū chiap-siū sêng-li̍p chò Bí-kok chi̍t chiu ê tiâu-kiāⁿ chi it. Sin-ê Utah chiu tī 1896 nî 1 goe̍h 4 ji̍t sêng-li̍p.\n\n20 sè-kí chá-kî, Utah khai-siat pau-koat Bryce Canyon kap Zion chāi-lāi ê kok-ka kong-hn̂g. 1950 nî-tāi kòe-āu, sin-ê chiu-chè ko-sok-tō-lō͘ hē-thóng thong lâi pún chiu.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nBingham Canyon\nUtah tī 2014 nî ê GDP sī 141,410 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sī sió-bē bō͘-e̍k (*retail trade*) sán-gia̍p.\n\nTùi 19 sè-kí khai-sí, khòng-gia̍p chio̍h-sī Utah ê chú-iàu sán-gia̍p chit it, chiu lāi Bingham Canyon Khòng-tiûⁿ sī thong sè-kài siāng tōa ê khai-hòng-sek khòng-khu. Utah chhut-sán ê khòng-bu̍t pau-koat tâng, kim, gîn téng-téng. Lēng-gōa tong-tē mā khai-chhái mûi-thòaⁿ, chio̍h-iû kap thian-jiân-khì\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Utah\", *Merriam-Webster.com* (Online Dictionary pán.), Merriam-Webster, Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h pó-chûn tī November 4, 2014\n2. ↑ \"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016\" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 20, 2016. December 20, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Median Annual Household Income\". *The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation*. December 9, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"Kings Peak Target\". *NGS data sheet*. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī November 9, 2013 hőng khó͘-pih. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. 1 2 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n7. ↑ Arave, Lynn (August 31, 2006). \"Utah's basement—Beaver Dam Wash is state's lowest elevation\". *Deseret Morning News*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī January 22, 2015.\n8. ↑ Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Utah, FRED.\n9. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"Utah","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2244,6340,0.35394321766561515],"infobox":["\n
    Utah Chiu
    State of Utah
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: Beehive State
    \nPiau-gí: Industry (hoan-e̍k: \"Sán-gia̍p\")
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Utah highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nEng-gí
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nUtahn ia̍h Utahan
    Siú-hú\nSalt Lake City
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nsiú-hú
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nSalt Lake City
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-13
     • Ha̍p-kè\n84,899 sq mi
    (219,653 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n270 lí (435 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n350 lí (560 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n3.25
     • Hūi-tō͘\n37° N to 42° N
     • Keng-tō͘\n109° 3′ W to 114° 3′ W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ 31st
     • Ha̍p-kè\n3,051,217 (2016 nî ko͘-sǹg)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n37.15/sq mi  (14.34/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-41
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$66,258 (tē-11)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nKings Peak
    13,518 ft (4,120.3 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n6,100 ft  (1,860 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nArizona pian-kài ê Beaver Dam Wash
    2,180 ft (664.4 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nUtah Léng-thó͘
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\n1896 nî 1 goe̍h 4 ji̍t (tē-45)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nGary Herbert (R)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nSpencer J. Cox (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nChiu Li̍p-hoat-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-īⁿ
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-īⁿ
    Chham-gī-goân\nOrrin Hatch (R)
    Mike Lee (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n
    Sî-khu \nMountain: UTC −7/−6
    ISO 3166\nUS-UT
    Kán-siá\nUT,
    Bāng-chām\nutah.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6084}} -{"text":"\n**Wyoming** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Cheyenne sī i ê siú-hú kap siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nWyoming ê pak-pêng sī Montana, tang-pêng ū South Dakota kap Nebraska, lâm-pêng sī Colorado, sai-lâm-pêng sī Utah, tī sai-pêng koh ū Idaho. Chiàu biān-chek kè-sǹg, Wyoming sī Bí-kok tē 10 tōa ê chiu-hūn, ū 243,340 pêng-hong kong-lí, koah hun 23-ê kūn.\n\nWyoming sī Tōa Pêng-goân (*Great Plains*) kap Rocky Soaⁿ-lêng sio-oa̍h ê só͘-chāi chi it. Chia pún-sin sī chi̍t phìⁿ hō͘ chi̍t kóa sôaⁿ-lêng chhiat hun ê koân-phiâⁿ.\n\nPak Bí-chiu ê Tāi-lio̍k Hun-chúi-kài ùi pún chiu tiong-iong pō͘-hūn chun kòe lâm-pak hong-hiòng. Hun-chúi-kài hiòng tang sio̍k Missouri Hô chúi-hē, siōng-bóe lâu ji̍p Be̍k-se-ko Oan; sai-pak hit pêng ū Snake Hô, i āu-piah ē chiap Columbia Hô, siāng bóe lâu ji̍p Thài-pêng-iûⁿ; lēng-gōa, koh ū chi̍t hūn sī keng-kòe Green Hô ji̍p Colorado Hô chúi-hē, liáu-āu lâu hiòng California Oan.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nApsáalooke, Arapaho, Lakota, kap Shoshone, sī pe̍h-lâng lâi-kàu í-chêng tī Wyoming chit ūi teh seng-oa̍h ê bîn-cho̍k.\n\nWyoming ê sai-lâm-pêng pat sī Se-pan-gâ Tè-kok ê chi̍t hūn, āu-lâi koh piàn Be̍k-se-ko ê Alta California. Hoat-kok-hē ê Canada-lâng mā tī 18 sè-kí sî hiòng chit ūi hoat-tián, lâu--lo̍h-lâi chi̍t kóa Hoat-kok-sek ê tē-hō-miâ.\n\n1807 nî, John Colter tī Hoat-kok Canada-lâng Toussaint Charbonneau kap Shoshone-lâng Sacagawea an-á-bó ê niá-chhōa hā tùi pún tē ū liáu kì-lio̍k.\n\nRobert Stuart chit tīn lâng tī 1812 nî hoat-kìⁿ South Pass soaⁿ-khiah, āu-lâi lâng ēng-lâi î-bîn cháu bé-chhia ê lō͘-sòaⁿ Oregon Trail tùi chia keng-kòe. 1950 nî, Jim Bridger koh chhōe tio̍h Bridger Pass, sī 1868 nî Liân-ha̍p Thài-pêng-iûⁿ (Union Pacific Railroad) kap kúi-a cha̍p nî āu chiu-chè kong-lō͘ só͘ keng-kòe ê lō͘-sòaⁿ. Bridger mā thàm-châ liáu Yellowstone jî-chhiá chéng-lí pò-kò.\n\nPut-koán sī Bridger ia̍h chìn-chêng ê Colter, in ê pò-kò lóng ū chi̍t chām hong tòng chò sī khong-sióng kò͘-sū.\n\n\"Wyoming\" chi̍t-ê miâ sī 1865 nî Ohio chiòng-gī-goân James Mitchell Ashley thê-àn khai-siat Wyoming Léng-thó͘ sî tùi Pennsylvania ê Wyoming Valley só͘ hō--lâi. \n\nKàu liáu 1867 nî, Liân-ha̍p Thài-pêng-iûⁿ thih-lō͘ thong lâi Cheyenne siâⁿ, Wyoming Léng-thó͘ koh tī 1868 nî 7 goe̍h 15 kiàn-li̍p. Wyoming ê khòng-sán chhiūⁿ hū-kīn ê Colorado hia hong-hù, chóng-sī mā pat tī 1867 nî South Pass City hong kim-á ê khai-chhái. Lēng-gōa chiu lāi mā ū hiat-kiàn tâng khòng.\n\nWyoming ê tiúⁿ-koaⁿ John Allen Campbell tī 1869 nî 12 goe̍h 10 ji̍t thong-kòe cha-bó͘ tâu-phiò-koân, sī choân kok thâu chi̍t-ê ū lú-sèng chham-chèng-khoân ê léng-thó͘ (mā pí só͘-ū ê chiu khah chá). Liáu-āu, Wyoming mā chhut liáu kúi-a ūi hoat-chèng kài ê lú-sèng sian-chìn, phì-hû thâu chi̍t-ê cha-bó͘ pôe-sím (jury) téng-téng.\n\nBí-kok tī 1872 nî ùi Wyoming sai-pak khai-siat Yellowstone Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g, sī sè-kài thâu chi̍t chō. Kàu 1890 nî, Wyoming hong siat chò Bí-kok tē-44 ê chiu.\n\n1892 nî chiu lāi hoat-seng Johnson Kūn Chiàn-cheng (Johnson County War), sī tong-sî chhī-gû-gia̍p hiòng kēng-cheng-chiá ēng-peng só͘ chō-sêng ê chhām chháu-tê-lâng chi kan ê chhiong-tu̍t.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nKun-kù Bí-kok Phó͘-cha Kio̍k ê ko͘-sǹg, Wyoming tī 2015 nî 7 goe̍h 1 ji̍t ê jîn-kháu ū 586,107, pí 2010 nî phó͘-cha chu-liāu ke 3.99%.\n\nÀn-chiàu 2010 nî phó͘-cha, jîn-kháu lāi-bīn 90.7% sī Pe̍h-lâng, 0.8% sī O͘-lâng ia̍h Hui-chiu-hē Bí-kok-lâng, 2.4% sī Bí-kok Indian lâng ia̍h Alaska Goân-chū-bîn, 0.8% sī A-chiu-hē Bí-kok-lâng, 0.1% sī Hawaii Goân-chū-bîn ia̍h kî-tha THià-pêng-iûⁿ Tó-bîn, 2.2% sī nn̄g cho̍k í-siōng lâi-goân, 3.0% sī kî-tha. Hia chóng jîn-kháu lāi-bīn, ū 8.9% sī Se-pan-gâ-hē (*Hispanic* kap *Latino*).\n\nNā chiàu 2000 nî phó͘-cha, Tek-kok-hē ū 26.0%, Eng-lân-hē ū 16.0%, Ài-ní-lân-hē ū 13.3%, Lo̍k-ui-hē ū 4.3%, Sūi-tián-hē ū 3.5%.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nWyoming tī 2015 nî ê GDP sī 39,864 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē jîn-kang ê khang-khòe sī sió-bē-gia̍p. Tī 2016 nî 12 goe̍h chiu lāi ê sit-gia̍p-lu̍t sī 4.8%\n\nWyoming ê khòng-gia̍p sán-phín ū mûi-thòaⁿ, thian-jiân-khì, mûi-chn̂g methane (*coalbed methane*), chio̍h-iû, uranium, kap trona. Lông-sán ê hong-bīn chú-iàu ū chhī-gû, taⁿ-chháu (*hay*), tiⁿ-chhài (*sugar beets*), tōa-be̍h, sió-be̍h kap iûⁿ-mn̂g téng khoán.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. 1 2 \"Wyoming Facts and Symbols\". State of Wyoming. 2013. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī September 20, 2016. October 12, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. 1 2 \"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015\" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 26, 2015. December 26, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Median Annual Household Income\". *The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation*. December 9, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"Gannett Peak Cairn\". *NGS data sheet*. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī July 22, 2012 hőng khó͘-pih. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. 1 2 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n7. ↑ Wyoming QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau Archived 2013-07-07 at the Wayback Machine.. Quickfacts.census.gov. Retrieved July 12, 2013.\n8. ↑ \"Census 2000 Summary file 3 - Wyoming\". *American FactFinder*. goân-loē-iông tī November 29, 2014 hőng khó͘-pih. 18 March 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n9. ↑ \"Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Wyoming\". *Economic Research at the St. Louis Fed (FRED)*. 2016-12-07. 2017-03-12 khòaⁿ--ê.\n10. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n11. ↑ \"Wyoming Economy at a Glance\". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2017-03-10. 2017-03-12 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n United States","meta":{"title":"Wyoming","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2523,6529,0.38642977485066626],"infobox":["\n
    Wyoming Chiu
    State of Wyoming
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: Equality State (koan-hong);
    Cowboy State; Big Wyoming
    \nPiau-gí: Equal Rights (\"Pêng-téng Khoân-lī\")
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Wyoming highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nEng-gí
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nWyomingite
    Siú-hú
    (kiam siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī)    		\nCheyenne
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nCheyenne To͘-hōe-khu
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-10
     • Ha̍p-kè\n97,914 sq mi
    (253,600 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n372.8 lí (600 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n280 lí (452 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n0.7
     • Hūi-tō͘\n41°N to 45°N
     • Keng-tō͘\n104°3'W to 111°3'W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-50
     • Ha̍p-kè\n586,107 (2015 estimate); 563,626 (2010 census)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n5.97/sq mi  (2.31/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-49
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$60,925 (tē-15)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nGannett Peak
    13,809 ft (4209.1 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n6,700 ft  (2040 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nSouth Dakota pian-kài ê Belle Fourche Hô
    3,101 ft (945 m)
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nWyoming Léng-thóng
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\nJuly 10, 1890 (tē-44)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nMatt Mead (R)
    Secretary of State\nEd Murray (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nWyoming Li̍p-hoat-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChham-gī-īⁿ
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-īⁿ
    Chham-gī-goân\nMike Enzi (R)
    John Barrasso (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\nLiz Cheney (R) (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \nMountain: UTC -7/-6
    ISO 3166\nUS-WY
    Kán-siá\nWY, Wyo.,
    Bāng-chām\nwyoming.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6301}} -{"text":"\n***Kok-ka Gú-giân Hoat-tián Hoat Chhó-àn*** (國家語言發展法草案) kong-pō͘ tī 2007 nî 2 goe̍h 2 hō, sī Tâi-oân Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú sin tēng gí-giân chèng-chhek ê li̍p-hoat kui-hoān. Chit hāng chhó-àn lóng-chóng ū cha̍p-jī tiâu, ē tī Li̍p-hoat-īⁿ thong-kòe liáu-āu, chiâⁿ-chò chèng-sek ê Kok-ka Gú-giân Hoat-tián Hoat (國家語言發展法), pēng tông-sî chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-oân ê chòe-ko gí-giân chèng-chhek ê bú-hoat. Chit hāng chhó-àn sī iû Hêng-chèng-īⁿ ê Bûn-hoà Kiàn-siat Úi-oân-hōe lâi gí-tēng.\n\nGoân-khí\n--------\n\nChit hāng chhó-àn ê li̍p-hoat cheng-sîn sī goân-chū tī 1983 nî iû Tâi-oân chèng-hú gí-tēng ê *Gú-bûn-hoat Chhó-àn* (語文法草案); tong-sî ê gí-tēng tan-ūi sī Kàu-io̍k-pō͘. Put-kò in-ūi Tâi-oân siā-hōe tùi *Gú-bûn-hoat Chhó-àn* làu-kau goân-chū bîn-cho̍k gí-giân ê li̍p-hoat cheng-sîn chin tò-toāⁿ, só͘-í chiū bô koh kè-sio̍k gián-gí. 2001 nî, Liân-ha̍p-kok Kaù-kho-bûn Cho͘-chit kā Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn ê chē-chē gí-giân tēng-ûi teh-beh siau-sit ê bó-gú, Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ chiah koh kè-sio̍k so͘-chi̍p kok-goā siong-koan chu-liāu, tiông-sin chéng-ha̍p *Goân-chū Bîn-cho̍k Gú-giân Hoat-tián Hoat* (原住民族語言發展法), *Gú-giân Kong-pêng Hoat* (語言公平法) kap iû Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Gú-giân-ha̍k Gián-kiù-só͘ chhó-gí ê *Gú-giân Bûn-jī Ki-pún Hoat* (語言文字基本法), tiông-sin beh gí-tēng *Gú-giân Hoat-tián Hoat Chhó-àn* (語言發展法草案), pēng siâm-kiû li̍p-hoat thong-kòe.\n\n2003 nî, *Gú-giân Hoat-tián Hoat Chhó-àn* ê chú-chèng tan-ūi choán chò Hêng-chèng-īⁿ Bûn-hoà Kiàn-siat Úi-oân-hōe, hoat-lu̍t tiâu-bûn ùi kui-hoān bó-gúūn-iōng choán chò í bûn-hoà pó-chûn kap gí-giân hoat-tián ûi chú-iàu ê cheng-sîn. Lo̍h-bóe keng-iû Tiong-iong chèng-hú ê khoà pō͘-hōe ê gián-gī liáu-āu, tiōng-tiám hâm-kài tio̍h kok-ka gí-giân ê tēng-gī, chú-koán ki-koan, koân-lī, pó-hō͘ kap hoat-tián. Lēng-goā, chit hāng hoat-lu̍t chhó-àn mā kiông-tiāu ài chun-tiōng ta̍k-ê gí-giân ê to-goân-sèng, pêng-téng hoat-tián kap thoân-sêng iân-sio̍k.\n\nTiâu-bûn lōe-iông\n-----------------","meta":{"title":"Kok-ka Gú-giân Hoat-tián Hoat Chhó-àn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1922,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2225}} -{"text":"Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ m̄-sī teh kóng Taipa.\n\n \n\n**Tâi-pak-chhī** (臺北市), it-poaⁿ hō-chò **Tâi-pak**, kán-siá **Pak** (北), sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok ê siú-to͘, mā sī Tâi-oân pak-pō͘ ê chi̍t ê ti̍t-hat-chhī. Tâi-pak sī Tâi-oân ê chèng-tī, keng-chè, bûn-hòa, kàu-io̍k, i-liâu, ha̍k-su̍t gián-kiú téng léng-he̍k ê hoat-tián tiong-sim. Tâi-pak ūi-tī Tâi-oân pak-pō͘ ê Tâi-pak Phûn-tē, hō͘ Sin-pak-chhī pau-ûi, sī Tâi-pak to͘-hōe-khu ia̍h-sī kui-ê pak Tâi-oân ê tiong-sim siâⁿ-chhī. Choân chhī oe̍h-hun chò 12 ê khu, chóng biān-chek 271.8 pêng-hong kong-lí. Jîn-kháu 265-bān, tī Tâi-oân kok to͘-chhī pâi tī tē-4, jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ tē-1.\n\nTâi-pak to͘-hōe ê hoat-tián le̍k-sú siāng chá ē-tàng tui-sò͘ kàu Chheng léng sî-tāi bóe-kî ê 1876 nî Tâi-pak-hú sêng-li̍p, í-ki̍p 1884 nî Tâi-pak-siâⁿ kiàn-li̍p. Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi tiong-kî ê 1920 nî chiu-hat-chhī siat-li̍p sī Tâi-pak chèng-sek kiàn-chhī ê khai-toan. 1945 nî, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok sî-tāi khai-sí, Tâi-pak chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-oân-séng ê séng-hat-chhī kap séng-hōe. Chū 1949 nî té Kok-bîn Chèng-hú khian Tâi liáu-āu, Tâi-pak chiâⁿ-chò tiong-iong chèng-hú ê só͘-chāi-tē. 1967 nî seng-keh chiâⁿ-chò ti̍t-hat-chhī.\n\nChò-ûi 19 sè-kí āu-kî í-lâi ê Tâi-oân hêng-chèng tiong-sim, Tâi-pak sī Tâi-oân kīn-tāi le̍k-sú chú-iàu ê hoat-tián bú-tâi. Í Tâi-pak-chhī chò tiong-sím ê Tâi-pak to͘-hōe-khu ū 704-bān jîn-kháu, sī Tâi-oân siāng tōa ê to͘-hōe-khu. Lēng-gōa, Tâi-pak-chhī tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hām Sin-pak-chhī ha̍p-chheng \"Siang-pak\" (雙北). Nā chiàu seng-oa̍h-khoan kui-oe̍h, Tâi-pak-chhī, Sin-pak-chhī, kap Ke-lâng-chhī lóng sio̍k-î tōa Tâi-pak siú-to͘ seng-oa̍h-khoan, si̍t-si khu-he̍k liân-ha̍p tī-lí. Tâi-pak tī Choân-kiû-hòa kap Sè-kài Siâⁿ-chhī Bāng-lō͘ (GaWC) hoat-piáu ê sè-kài-kip siâⁿ-chhī miâ-chheh tiong hőng tēng-gī chò *Alpha* kip-pia̍t ê kok-chè siâⁿ-chhī, chong-ha̍p phêng-pí sī sè-kài tē-26 ūi; tī Bí-kok A.T. Kearney ê choân-kiû siâⁿ-chhī tiâu-cha tiong hőng lia̍t chò sè-kài tē-33 tōa siong-gia̍p kim-iông to͘-chhī.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Tâi-pak ê le̍k-sú\nHô-lân-lâng ōe ê *Tōa Tâi-pak Kó͘ Tē-tô͘*\n### 17 sè-kí\n\nKin-kì kì-chài, Tâi-pak siāng chá sī pîⁿ-po͘-cho̍k Ketagalan cho̍k seng-oa̍h ê só͘-chāi. Ùi 17 sè-kí chho͘ Se-pan-gâ thóng-tī sî-tāi khai-sí, kàu Hô-lân thóng-tī sî-tāi kap Chheng léng chho͘-kî, chia lóng khì hō͘ thóng-tī-chiá khoàⁿ chò sī hòa-gōe-chi-tē, pēng bô tōa kui-bô͘ ê khai-hoat.\n\n### Chheng léng sî-tāi\n\n1709 nî, Choân-chiu-lâng Tân Thian-chiong (陳天章), Tân Hông-chhun (陳逢春), Lōa Éng-hô (賴永和), Tân Hiàn-pek (陳憲伯), kap Tè Thian-su (戴天樞) ha̍p-kó͘ sêng-li̍p Tân-Lōa-Chiong khún-hō, hiòng Tâi-oân-hú Chu-lô-koān sin-chhéng khai-khún Tōa-ka-la̍k tē-hng, chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-pak Phûn-tē khai-khún oa̍h-tāng ê khai-toan. 1723 nî, Sûn-tâi Gū-sú Ngô͘ Ta̍t-lé pò-chhiáⁿ tiâu-têng cheng-siat Tām-chúi-thiaⁿ, koán-hat Tāi-kah-khe í pak ê só͘-chāi. Ùi chia khai-sí, Tâi-pak chèng-sek la̍p-ji̍p Hàn-jîn ê hêng-chèng thé-hē, m̄-koh hit-tang-chūn ê chèng-tī kap keng-chè tiong-sim sī tī Tâi-lâm.\n\n19 sè-kí tiong-ia̍p, Tām-chúi-hô liû-he̍k ê bu̍t-sán bō͘-e̍k (te̍k-pia̍t sī tê-hio̍h) heng-ōng khí-lâi, Báng-kah (taⁿ ê Bān-hôa-khu) kap Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ (taⁿ ê Tāi-tông-khu) chêng-āu chiâⁿ-chò tiōng-iàu ê bō͘-e̍k kì-tiám. Tâi-oân ê keng-chè tiōng-sim chiām-chiām óng pak sóa-tāng. Āu-lâi Chheng-kok koaⁿ-hong koat-tēng tī Báng-kah kap Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ tiong-kan ê chhân-tē heng-kiàn Tâi-pak-siâⁿ chò-ûi hêng-chèng tiong-sim, 1884 nî oân-kang. 1885 nî, Hok-kiàn Tâi-oân-séng siat-li̍p, Lâu Bêng-thoân chiâⁿ-chò tē-it jīm sûn-hú, khai-sí kiàn-siat Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ khì Ke-lâng kap Sin-tek ê thih-ki-lō͘, ka-kiông iû-tiān kap tō-lō͘ téng ki-chhó͘ kiàn-siat. Jiân-āu koh kā Tâi-oân Sûn-hú Gê-mn̂g kap Pò͘-chèng-sú-si Gê-mn̂g siat tī siâⁿ-lāi (taⁿ Tiong-san-tn̂g ê ūi-tì), Tâi-pak ê to͘-chhī chhu-hêng kàu chia í-keng chho͘-pō͘ kiàn-li̍p. 1894 nî, kè-jīm sûn-hú Siō Iú-liâm chèng-sek kā séng-hōe ùi Kiô-á-thâu (橋仔頭, koh hō-chò Kiô-chu-tô͘/橋孜圖, taⁿ ê Tâi-tiong-chhī Lâm-khu) sóa khì Tâi-pak, tiān-tēng Tâi-pak kàu-taⁿ chò-ûi Tâi-oân chèng-tī kap keng-chè tiong-sim ê tē-ūi.\n\n### Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi\n\nTâi-pak-chiu thiaⁿ-siā\nTâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú kiàn-tio̍k tī 1945 nî hō͘ Bí-kun khong-si̍p chhui-húi\n1895 nî, Tāi Chheng Tè-kok tī Kap-ngó͘ Chiàn-cheng chiàn-pāi, jiân-āu kā Tâi-oân koah-niū hō͘ Ji̍t-pún. Tâi-pak tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi goân-chāi sī Ji̍t-pún tong-kio̍k thóng-tī Tâi-oân ê chèng-tī tiong-sim. Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi chho͘-kî kā goân-lâi ê 2 chō gê-mn̂g chò-ûi Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú, ti̍t-kàu 1919 nî Chóng-tok-hú sin thiaⁿ-siā (taⁿ ê Chóng-thóng-hú) oân-kang ûi-chí. 1990 nî khai-sí, Ji̍t-pún chèng-hú thiah-tû Tâi-pak siâⁿ-chhiûⁿ kap Se-mn̂g, tī goân-tē kiàn-siat 4 tiâu saⁿ-sòaⁿ chhia-lō͘, heng-kiàn chúi-tō-chúi kap hā-chúi-tō hē-thóng. Ji̍t-pún-lâng kā goân Tâi-pak siâⁿ-lāi khu-he̍k chò-ûi tiong-su chèng-hú thiaⁿ-siā ê chi̍p-tiong-tē, í-ki̍p chāi Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún-lâng ê siong-gia̍p tē-tài. Jiân-āu hun kai-toān chìn-hêng chhī-khu kái-chèng kè-ōe, kē-á-lō͘ kap kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t ê hong-māu khah se-hòa, lēng-gōa mā heng-kiàn kong-hn̂g kap kî-thaⁿ kong-kiōng kiàn-tio̍k, Tâi-pak chiām-chiām ū hiān-tāi to͘-chhī ê hêng-thài. Ùi chia khai-sí, Tâi-pak ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á ùi Tiong-kok thoân-thóng bô͘-sek, choán-piàn chò Tiong-Se hūn-ha̍p ê hiān-tāi-hòa siâⁿ-chhī pò͘-kio̍k kap ūn-chok bô͘-sek, iû-kî Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi tiong-iong chèng-hú só͘-chāi ê koaⁿ-thiaⁿ chi̍p-tiong-khu ê hiān-tāi-hòa kiàn-siat tùi kin-á-ji̍t ê Tâi-pak siâⁿ-chhī biān-māu éng-hióng siāng chhim.\n\n### Chiàn-āu sî-tāi\n\nSìn-gī kè-ōe-khu sī chit-má Tâi-pak to͘-hōe-khu ê tiong-sim siong-gia̍p-khu\nSe-mn̂g-teng siong-khoan\n1945 nî 9 goe̍h, Tâi-oân chìn-ji̍p chiàn-āu Kok-bîn Chèng-hú thóng-tī sî-tāi. 1945 nî 11 goe̍h chhe 1, siat chò séng-hat-chhī. 1949 nî 12 goe̍h Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú in-ūi Tē-jī-chhù Kok-Kiōng Lāi-chiàn si̍t-lī thè-siú Tâi-oân liáu-āu, ùi 12 goe̍h chhe 10 khí, kā tiong-iong chèng-hú só͘-chāi-tē siat-li̍p tī Tâi-pak-chhī. Tòe Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú sóa lâi Tâi-oân ê 200-bān Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kok-kun kap Tiong-kok kok-séng bîn-chiòng, í-ki̍p 1960 nî-tāi chē-chē ùi tiong-lâm-pō͘ pak-siōng kiû-ha̍k kap kang-chok ê hong-tiâu, tì-sú Tâi-pak-chhī ê jîn-kháu khoài-sok cheng-ka, chhī-bîn ê kiat-kò͘ chhu-hiòng to-goân-hòa. Kòe-khì tī Bí-oān ê ip-chù hā, tio̍k-pō͘ chìn-hêng tō-lō͘, chū-the̍h siā-khu, ha̍k-hāu téng kong-kiōng siat-si ê sin-kiàn kang-têng. Siâⁿ-chhī khai-hoat goân-púń chi̍p-tiong tī Kiàn-kok-lâm-pak-lō͘ sai-pêng ê Sam-chhī-ke kū chhī-khu, ùi 1960 nî-tāi bóe-kî khai-sí, chiām-chiām hiòng tang-pêng ê tōa tè chhân-tē khì thok-tián. 1967 nî 7 goe̍h chhe 1, Tâi-pak-chhī seng-keh chò ti̍t-hat-chhī, keh-nî koh kā goân sio̍k Tâi-pak-koān (taⁿ ê Sin-pak-chhī) ê Lāi-ô͘-hiong, Lâm-káng-tìn, Ba̍k-sa-tìn, Kéng-bí-tìn iáu-koh ū goân sio̍k Iûⁿ-bêng-soaⁿ Koán-lí-kio̍k ê Pak-tâu-tìn, Sū-lîm-tìn la̍p-ji̍p hat-khu.\n\n1970 nî-tāi kàu 1980 nî-tāi í-āu, Tâi-oân keng-chè khoài-sok sêng-tióng, Tâi-pak-chhī māi-ji̍p to͘-chhī khai-hoat ê ko-tō͘ hoat-tián-kî, siong-gia̍p tiōng-sim mā khai-sí chiām-chiām tang sóa kàu Tâi-pak Tang-khu, Sam-chhī-ke só͘-chāi ê Se-khu siong-tùi chhut-hiān hoat-tián soe-thè ê thài-sè. Tī ko-tō͘ hoat-tián chi hā, giâm-tiōng ê kau-thong būn-tê mā tòe leh lâi. Ti̍t-kàu 1990 nî-tāi, Tâi-pak chhī-khu ê Tâi-pak thih-lō͘ tē-hā-hòa choan-àn, Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn, khoài-sok tō-lō͘, kong-chhia choan-iōng-tō téng kau-thong kiàn-siat lio̍k-sio̍k oân-kang liáu-āu, chiah su-kái kau-thong siōng ê ap-le̍k.\n\nTòe Tâi-pak-chhī Chèng-hú kap Tâi-pak-chhī Gī-hōe ê poaⁿ-sóa kap chìn-chù, Tang-khu ê Sìn-gī Kè-ōe-khu khoài-sok hoat-tián chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-pak ê tiong-sim siong-gia̍p-khu; Se-khu ê Se-mn̂g-teng, Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ téng chū-lo̍k mā khai-sí chìn-hêng keng-sin kè-ōe. 21 sè-kí āu, Tâi-pak-chhī lio̍k-sio̍k chú-pān 2009 nî Hā-kùi Deaflympics, 2010 nî Kok-chè Hoa-hùi Phok-lám-hōe, 2011 nî Sè-kài Siat-kè Tāi-hōe, 2017 nî Hā-kùi Universiade téng tōa-hêng kok-chè oa̍h-tāng; koh ka-siōng bat chò-ûi sè-kài tē-it tōa-lâu ê Tâi-pak 101 oân-kang, lóng cheng-ka Tâi-pak-chhī ê kok-chè lêng-kiàn-tō͘. Kin-kì Bí-kok A.T. Kearney kong-pò͘ ê 2014 nî sè-kài chêng 84 tōa siâⁿ-chhī pâi-hâng, chiàu siong-gia̍p éng-hióng, jîn-châi, chu-sìn kau-liû, bûn-hòa kap kek-sin lêng-le̍k téng 5 hāng hêng-ûi, Tâi-pak-chhī pâi tē-40 miâ (siāng hó ê pâi-miâ sī 2008 nî ê tē-34 miâ).\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Tâi-pak ê tē-lí\n### Jîn-kháu\n\nKin-á-ji̍t ê Tâi-pak-chhī pau-hâm 12 ê khu. Biān-chek ū 271.7997 pêng-hong kong-lí, jîn-kháu chha-put-to ū 248-bān lâng. Tâi-pak to͘-hōe-khu (pau-hâm Tâi-pak-chhī gōa-ûi ê Sin-pak-chhī kap Ke-lâng-chhī) ê biān-chek ū 2,457.1253 pêng-hong kong-lí, jîn-kháu tāi-iok 684-bān lâng.\n\n(jîn-kháu chu-liāu: 2022 nî 12 goe̍h)\n\n### Tē-hêng\n\n### Chúi-bûn\n\n### Khì-hāu\n\nHêng-chèng-khu\n--------------\n\n* Báng-kah-khu\n* Bûn-san-khu\n* Lāi-ô͘-khu\n* Lâm-káng-khu\n* Pak-tâu-khu\n* Sìn-gī-khu\n* Siông-san-khu\n* Sū-lîm-khu\n* Tāi-an-khu\n* Tāi-tông-khu\n* Tiong-chèng-khu\n* Tiong-san-khu\n\nSiâⁿ-chhī kui-ōe\n----------------\n\n### Tâi-pak-siâⁿ\n\n### Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi\n\n### Chiàn-āu\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\n### Chhī-chèng cho͘-chit\n\n### Soán-kí kap chi̍p-hōe iû-hêng\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\n### Siong-gia̍p oa̍h-tāng\n\n### Bu̍t-kè\n\n### Lô-tōng-la̍t chōng-hóng\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Taipei*** |\n\n| | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-pak-chhī ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Khu: | Báng-kah-khu | Bûn-san-khu | Lāi-ô͘-khu | Lâm-káng-khu | Pak-tâu-khu | Sìn-gī-khu |\nSiông-san-khu | Sū-lîm-khu | Tāi-an-khu | Tāi-tông-khu | Tiong-chèng-khu | Tiong-san-khu | |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok (Tâi-oân) ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Ti̍t-hat-chhī | Ko-hiông-chhī **·** Sin-pak-chhī **·** Tâi-lâm-chhī **·** Tâi-pak-chhī **·** Tâi-tiong-chhī **·** Thô-hn̂g-chhī | |\n| |\n| Tâi-oân-séng | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Chhī | Ka-gī-chhī **·** Ke-lâng-chhī **·** Sin-tek-chhī |\n| |\n| Koān | Biâu-le̍k-koān **·** Chiong-hoà-koān **·** Gî-lân-koān **·** Hoa-liân-koān **·** Hûn-lîm-koān **·** Ka-gī-koān **·** Lâm-tâu-koān **·** Pîn-tong-koān **·** Phêⁿ-ô͘-koān **·** Sin-tek-koān **·** Tâi-tang-koān |\n\n |\n| |\n| Hok-kiàn-séng | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Koān | Kim-mn̂g-koān **·** Liân-kang-koān |\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 137173440\n* LCCN: n50010973\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 1534 3194\n* GND: 4078134-3\n* SUDOC: 086236873\n* BNF: cb120773410 (data)\n* NDL: 00640078\n* NKC: ge129149\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi-pak-chhī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1442,10205,0.14130328270455658],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Tâi-pak-chhī
    —  Ti̍t-hat-chhī  —
    臺北市
    \n

    \n
    \n\n\n\n
    \"Tâi-pak-chhī
    Kî-á    		 \"Tâi-pak-chhī
    Ìn-á
    \n
    \"ê
    ê uī-tì
    \n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 25°2′N 121°38′E / 25.033°N 121.633°E / 25.033; 121.633
    Kok-ka\n\"\" Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok\n
    Chèng-hú
     - Chhī-tiúⁿ\nChiúⁿ Bān-an
    Bīn-chek
     - Lóng-chóng\n\t\t271.7997 km2
     - Chúi-bīn\n2.7 km2
    Jîn-kháu
     - Lóng-chóng2,480,681 lâng
     - Bi̍t-tō͘\n9,126.9/km2
    Sî-khuCST (UTC+8)\n\t
    Bāng-chāmtaipei.gov.tw
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":11905}} -{"text":"\n**Chông-cheng** (崇禎; 1628 nî chì 1644 nî) sī Tiong-kok Bêng-tiâu tē-17 tāi hông-tè Su-chong ê liân-hō, chêng-āu lóng-chóng 17 tang. Chông-cheng sī Bêng-tiâu ê chòe-āu chi̍t ê chèng-thóng liân-hō. Chu Iû-kiám tī Thian-khé 2-nî (1622 nî) pī chheh-hong ûi Sìn-ông (信王), āu-lâi chē-thiⁿ chiâⁿ-chò hông-tè. Hit tong-sî, lōe-koh gí-tēng ê liân-hō sī Khiân-sèng (乾聖), Heng-hok (興福), Hâm-ka (咸嘉), Chông-cheng (崇貞); Chu Iû-kiám soán-tēng Chông-cheng, jiân-āu chiah chiong i kái-chò Chông-cheng (崇禎). Lēng-gōa iáu-ū Éng-chhiong (永昌), Siāu-khèng (紹慶), Hâm-lêng (咸寧), Chông-cheng (崇貞) ê kóng-hoat.\n\n1644 nî, Lí Chū-sêng kong-khek Pak-kiaⁿ, thui-hoan Bêng-tiâu; Chu Iû-kiám chū-sat. Lí Chū-sêng jiân-āu tī Pak-kiaⁿ kiàn-li̍p Tāi Sūn chèng-koân, kái liân-hō chò Éng-chhiong. Gô͘ Sam-kùi ióng-tài Chu Chû-lōng, kái-goân Gī-heng. Bêng-tiâu bia̍t-bông liáu-āu, Tiâu-sián ông-tiâu ê kùi-cho̍k chhut-chū hoán-khòng Boán-chheng kap Sió-tiong-hôa su-sióng, tī in kok-lāi iû-goân sú-iōng Chông-cheng liân-hō. Pí-lūn Chông-cheng Kí-goân-hō͘ Pat-si̍p-sam-liân (崇禎紀元後八十三年; 1710 nî), Chông-cheng-hō͘ Chài-kùi-thiú (崇禎後再癸丑; 1733 nî), Chông-cheng Kí-goân-hō͘ Chài-it-thiú (崇禎紀元後再乙丑; 1865 nî) téng-téng. Án-ne ê hiān-siōng pī hō-chò Chông-cheng Kí-goân.\n\nSe-le̍k ê tùi-chiàu-pió\n-----------------------\n\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Chông-cheng | Goân-liân | 2-liân | 3-liân | 4-liân | 5-liân | 6-liân | 7-liân | 8-liân | 9-liân | 10-liân |\n| Se-le̍k | 1628 nî | 1629 nî | 1630 nî | 1631 nî | 1632 nî | 1633 nî | 1634 nî | 1635 nî | 1636 nî | 1637 nî |\n| Kan-chi | Bō͘-sîn | Kí-sū | Keng-ngó͘ | Sin-bī | Jîm-sin | Kùi-iú | Kap-sut | It-hāi | Péng-chú | Teng-thiú |\n| Chông-cheng | 11-liân | 12-liân | 13-liân | 14-liân | 15-liân | 16-liân | 17-liân |   |\n| Se-le̍k | 1638 nî | 1639 nî | 1640 nî | 1641 nî | 1642 nî | 1643 nî | 1644 nî |\n| Kan-chi | Bō͘-în | Kí-báu | Keng-sîn | Sin-sū | Jîm-ngó͘ | Kùi-bī | Kap-sin |\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Sun Sêng-te̍k (孫承澤) - *Su-lêng Tián-lé-kì* (思陵典禮紀)\n2. ↑ Bûn Péng (文秉) - *Lia̍t-hông Siáu-sek* (烈皇小識)\n\n|\n| |\n| Thâu-chêng: **Thian-khé** | **Tāi Bêng liân-hō** | Āu-piah: **Gī-heng** |\n\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nBêng-tiâu liân-hō |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hông-bú · Kiàn-bûn · Éng-lo̍k · Hông-hi · Soan-tek · Chèng-thóng · Kéng-thài · Thian-sūn · Sêng-hòa · Hông-tīChèng-tek · Ka-chēng · Liông-khèng · Bān-le̍k · Thài-chhiong · Thian-khé · Chông-cheng · Gī-heng |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Chông-cheng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[906,2174,0.41674333026678934],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    崇禎
    Chông-cheng
    \n\n\n
    1628 nî chì 1644 nî
    Kok-ka
    Bêng
    Kun-chú
    Su-chong
    Tn̂g-té
    17 tang
    \n\n\n
    Chông-cheng
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2766}} -{"text":"*Chit-phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ siá ê sī Bí-kok ê chiu. Koan-hē Eng-gí miâ mā kiò-choè Georgia ê kok-ka, chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ Gruzia.*\n\n**Georgia** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Atlanta sī i ê siú-hú kap siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nGeorgia óa tī Tāi-se-iûⁿ hái-hōaⁿ, kap South Carolina chi kan sī keh tī leh Savannah Hô. Lâm-pêng koh ū Florida, sai-pêng sī Alabama, pak-pêng sī Tennessee kap North Carolina.\n\nPún chiu pak-pō͘ sī Blue Ridge Soaⁿ-tē, sī Appalachian Soaⁿ-hē ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Chiu lāi siāng koân ê só͘-chāi sī Brasstown Bald, hái-poa̍t 1,458 kong-chhioh; chòe kē tiám sī óa tī Tāi-se-iûⁿ.\n\nGeorgia tōa-pō͘-hūn só͘-chāi lóng sǹg sī sip-lùn hù-jia̍t-tāi khì-hāu (*humid subtropical climate*). Nā joa̍h-thiⁿ tû-liáu koân-tē í-gōa, it-poaⁿ sī lóng sī si̍p joa̍h ê thiⁿ-khì.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nMississippi bûn-hòa sī kong-goân 800 kàu 1500 nî chó-iū chûn-chāi tī kin-á-ji̍t Georgia chāi-lāi tē-khu ê chi̍t khoán thô͘-tun kiàn-chō (*mound building*) bûn-hòa. Kàu Au-chiu-lâng tú kòe Bí-chiu ê sî, chia tng sī Cherokee, Muscogee, kap Yamasee pō͘-cho̍k seng-oa̍h ê só͘-chāi.\n\nEng-kok ê James Oglethorpe tī 1733 nî 2 goe̍h 12 chhōa-thâu khai-siat Georgia si̍t-bîn-tē. Kun-kù chi̍t hūn kok-ông George 2-sè hoat ê te̍k-hí (*charter*), si̍t-bîn-tē siū Ūi Kiàn-li̍p America ê George Si̍t-bîn-tē ê Sìn-thok-hōe (*Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America*) lâi koán-lí. In chè-tēng chi̍t thò Oglethorpe Kè-ōe (*Oglethorpe Plan*) beh chhù-lí si̍t-bîn-tē ê kiàn-siat. \n\n1742 nî, George tī Jenkins' Ear Chiàn-cheng tang-tiong siū tio̍h Se-pan-gâ ê chhim-lio̍k. Kàu 1752 nî, chèng-hú î-chhî si̍t-bîn-tē ê pó͘-chō͘ chhú-siau, George Thok-koán-hōe chiō hêng tńg khòng-chè koân, hō͘ Georgia piàn chò ông-niá si̍t-bîn-tē (*crown colony*), chiō sī chóng-tok siū kok-ông chí-phài.\n\nGeorgia Séng (*Province of Georgia*) sī 1776 nî chhiam To̍k-li̍p Soan-giân hoat khí hoán-khòng Eng-kok thóng-tī ê Bí-kok Kek-bēng ê Cha̍p-saⁿ Si̍t-bîn-tē chi it. 1777 nî 2 goe̍h, Georgia Chiu chèng-sek siat-li̍p hiàn-hoat, kàu 1778 nî 7 goe̍h 24 ê sî, koh thong-kòe Liân-ha̍p Tiâu-khoán (*Articles of Confederation*), 1788 nî 1 goe̍h 2 ji̍t, ún-chún Bí-kok Hiàn-hoat.\n\n1829 nî, pak-pō͘ ê soaⁿ-tē hông hoat-kiàⁿ n̂g-kim, ín-khí Georgia Gold Rush.\n\n1864 nî Bí-kok Lōe-chiàn tang-tiong ê Kennesaw Soaⁿ Chiàn-tò͘.\nGeorgia sī Lâm-pak Chiàn-cheng ê chú chiàn-tiûⁿ chi it, in 1861 nî chhe ka-ji̍p America Pan-liân-kok, kúi kái tōa-hêng ê chiàn-tò͘ chiō hoat-seng tī pau-koat Chickamauga, Kennesaw Mountain, kap Atlanta. Chiàn-cheng chō-sêng tâu-kun ê 18,253-ê Georgia peng-á sí-bông. 1870 nî, Georgia chiâⁿ chò sī siāng bóe chi̍t-ê tó-tńg Bí-kok ê Pang-liân chiu.\n\n1877 nî, Bîn-chú-tóng chhōa-thâu ê li̍p-hoat-hōe thong-kòe tâu-phiò sòe (*poll tax*), pâi-tû liáu chin chē sán-iōng chiá teng-kì soán-kí ê khoân-lī. 20 sè-kí chho͘-kî Tōa Î-bîn (*Great Migration*) tang-tiong goân-té chiàm 46.7% ê o͘-lâng jîn-kháu kiám kah chhun 28%. Pe̍h-lâng iu-sian tâu-phiò-khoân chèng-chhek, tè-bé tī 1960 nî-tāi hòe-chí.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nGeorgia ê jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ tē-tô͘.\nKun-kù Bí-kok Phó͘-cha-kio̍k ê ko͘-sǹg, Georgia tī 2015 nî 7 goe̍h 1 ji̍t ê jîn-kháu ū 0,214,860 lâng. Nā sī 2010 nî ê phó͘-cha jîn-kháu-sò͘, sī ū 9,687,653 lâng; chia lāi-té 59.7% sī Pe̍h-lâng (kî-tiong 55.9% sī Hui Se-pan-gâ-hē--ê); O͘-lâng he̍k-chiá Hui-chiu-hē Bí-kok-lâng chiàm 30.5%; Bí-kok Indian lâng ia̍h Alaska Goân-chū-bîn chiàm 0.3%; A-chiu-hē chiàm 3.2%.\n\n### Giân-gí\n\nChiàu 2010 nî ê kè-sǹg, 87.35% (7,666,663) ê Georgia 5-hòe í-siōng jîn-kháu í Eng-gí chò chú-iàu giân-gí; lēng-gōa ū 7.42% (651,583) sī Se-pan-gâ-gí; 0.51% (44,702) sī Hân-kok-gí; 0.44% (38,244) sī Oa̍t-lâm-gí; 0.42% (36,679) sī Hoat-gí; 0.38% (33,009) sī Hàn-gí; koh ū 0.29% (23,351) sī Tek-gí.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nGeorgia tī 2015 nî ê GDP sī 497,944 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sī sió-bē-gia̍p (*retail trade*).\n\nGeorgia ê lông-sán ū thô͘-tāu, hoan-be̍h, n̂g-tāu téng khoán. Pún chiu mā sī sè-kài hu̍t-thô (*pecan*) sán-liōng chhōa-thâu ê sán-tē.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. 1 2 \"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015\" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 23, 2015. December 23, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"Median Annual Household Income\". *The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation*. December 9, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. 1 2 \"Elevations and Distances in the United States\". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī July 22, 2012 hőng khó͘-pih. October 21, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.\n5. ↑ \"American FactFinder\". Census. October 5, 2010. goân-loē-iông tī May 20, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. August 5, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ \"Georgia\". Modern Language Association. August 12, 2013 khòaⁿ--ê.\n7. ↑ \"Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Georgia\". *Economic Research at the St. Louis Fed (FRED)*. 2016-12-07. 2017-01-10 khòaⁿ--ê.\n8. ↑ \"Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015\". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nBí-kok ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chiu | Alabama  · Alaska  · Arizona  · Arkansas  · California  · Colorado  · Connecticut  · Delaware  · Florida  · Georgia  · Hawaiʻi  · Idaho  · Illinois  · Indiana  · Iowa  · Kansas  · Kentucky  · Louisiana  · Maine  · Maryland  · Massachusetts  · Michigan  · Minnesota  · Mississippi  · Missouri  · Montana  · Nebraska  · Nevada  · New Hampshire  · New Jersey  · New Mexico  · New York  · North Carolina  · North Dakota  · Ohio  · Oklahoma  · Oregon  · Pennsylvania  · Rhode Island  · South Carolina  · South Dakota  · Tennessee  · Texas  · Utah  · Vermont  · Virginia  · Washington  · West Virginia  · Wisconsin  · Wyoming | Flag of the United States |\n| |\n| Tia̍t-pia̍t-khu: | Washington, D.C. |\n| |\n| Léng-thó͘ | Baker-tó  · Bí-kok léng Samoa  · Guam  · Howland-tó  · Jarvis-tó  · Johnston Khoân-chiau  · Kingman-chiau  · Midway Khoân-chiau  · Navassa-tó  · Pak Mariana Kûn-tó  · Palmyra Khoân-chiau  · Puerto Rico  · Bí-kok léng Virgin Kûn-tó  · Wake-tó |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 144230826\n* LCCN: n79023113\n* ISNI: 0000 0004 0405 8664\n* GND: 4020273-2\n* SUDOC: 028701186\n* BNF: cb120483481 (data)\n* NDL: 00628631\n* NKC: ge205550\n* BNE: XX453046\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Georgia","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3207,7024,0.4565774487471526],"infobox":["\n
    Georgia Chiu
    State of Georgia
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"Flag\"State
    Chiu-kîChiu-chiong
    \nChhiok-hō: Peach State;
    Empire State of the South
    \nPiau-gí: Wisdom, Justice, Moderation
    \n
    \"Map
    Map of the United States with Georgia highlighted
    Koan-hong gí-giân\nEng-gí
    Liû-thong gí-giân\nEng-gí, Se-pan-gâ-gí (7.42%)
    Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘\nGeorgian
    Siú-hú
    (kiam siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī)    		\nAtlanta
    Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe\nAtlanta tō͘-hōe-khu
    Bīn-chek\nPâi-miâ tē-24
     • Ha̍p-kè\n59,425 sq mi
    (153,909 km2)
     • Tang-sai khoah\n230 lí (370 km)
     • Lâm-pak khoah\n298 lí (480 km)
     • % chúi-bīn\n2.6
     • Hūi-tō͘\n30.356 – 34.985° N
     • Keng-tō͘\n80.840 – 85.605° W
    Jîn-kháu\nPâi-miâ tē-8
     • Ha̍p-kè\n10,214,860 (2015 nî ko͘-sǹg)
     • Bi̍t-tō͘\n165/sq mi  (65.4/km2)
    Pâi-miâ tē-18
     • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t\n$50,768 (tē-39)
    Koân-tō͘
     • Ko-tiám\nBrasstown Bald
    4,784 ft (1458 m)
     • Pêng-kin\n600 ft  (180 m)
     • Kē-tiám\nAtlantic Ocean
    sea level
    Siat chiu chìn-chêng\nGeorgia Séng (Province of Georgia)
    Sin chiu seng-li̍p\n1788 nî 1 goe̍h 2 ji̍t (tē-4)
    Chiu-tiúⁿ\nNathan Deal (R)
    Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ\nCasey Cagle (R)
    Li̍p-hoat\nTāi-hōe
     • Siōng-gī-īⁿ\nChiu Chham-gī-īⁿ
     • Hā-gī-īⁿ\nChiòng-gī-īⁿ
    Chham-gī-goân\nJohnny Isakson (R)
    David Perdue (R)
    Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu\n10 Kiōng-hô-tóng, 4 Bîn-chú-tóng (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
    Sî-khu \nEastern: UTC −5/−4
    ISO 3166\nUS-GA
    Kán-siá\nGA, Ga.
    Bāng-chām\nwww.georgia.gov
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7145}} -{"text":"Pang-bô͘:Translating\n\nThài-gí ê bú-gí sú-iōng-chiá (tiàm Bangkok lo̍k--ê)\n**Thài-gí** (ภาษาไทย; phasa thai; p̣hās̄ʹāthịy; IPA: [pʰāːsǎːtʰāj]) sī chi̍t khóan gí-giân, sī Thài-kok ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân chham kok-ka gí-giân, mā sī Thài-cho̍k ê bó-gí. Thài-gí sī Tai-Kadai gí-giân chi-hā ê Tai gí-cho̍k (Tai group) ê chi̍t ê hūn-ki.\n\nThài-gí sī Thài-kok ê 60-gōa ê gí-giân lāi-té, bú-gí chham choân-thé ê sú-iōng-chiá siōng-chē ê gí-giân.\n\nChit-ê gí-giân ū siaⁿ-tiāu, sī chi̍t khóan hun-sek-gí (*analytic language*). Thài-gí ê kù-hêng it-poaⁿ sī SVO-hêng (chú-sû－tōng-sû－siū-sû); iah-m̄-koh chú-sû ē hŏng séng-lio̍k--khì.\n\nSu-siá\n------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Thài-kok-jī\n\nBûn-hoat\n--------\n\nÀn Gí-giân Lūi-hêng-ha̍k ê koan-tiám lâi khòaⁿ, Thài-gí hŏng hun-lūi-chò hun-sek-gí (analytic language). I ê kù-hêng sī chú-sû－tōng-sû－siū-sû, m̄-koh chú-sû tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ē séng-lio̍k-tiāu. Thài-gí ê tāi-bêng-sû ē kin-kù kóng--ê lâng kah thiaⁿ--ê lâng ê sèng-pia̍t iah-koh-ū koan-hē lâi kái-piàn.\n\n### Hêng-iông-sû kah hù-sû\n\nHêng-iông-sû kah hù-sû bô siáⁿ-mih chha-pia̍t, chin chē jī lóng ē-tàng chò 2 khoán ê kong-lêng sú-iōng. In tòe tī in siu-sek ê āu-piah; bêng-sû, tōng-sû, a̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ ê hêng-iông-sû/hù-sû lóng ū khó-lêng.\n\n### Tōng-sû\n\n### Bêng-sû\n\n#### Bêng-sû jī-kù\n\n### Tāi-bêng-sû\n\n| Sû(Thài-bûn) | RTGS(Latin-hòa) | IPA(kok-chè peng-im) | Ì-sù |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| ผม | phom | [pʰǒm] | góa (cha-po͘  ; chèng-sek) |\n| ดิฉัน | dichan | [dìːtɕʰán]) | góa (cha-bó͘ ; chèng-sek) |\n| ฉัน | chan | [tɕʰǎn] | góa (lâm-lú thong-iōng; hui-chèng-sek) |\n| คุณ | khun | [kʰun] | lí (lé-māu) |\n| ท่าน | thaan | [thâan] | lí (lé-māu; tùi sī-tōa, siōng-ūi) |\n| เธอ | thoe | [tʰɤː] | lí (hui-chèng-sek), i (cha-bó͘ ; hui-chèng-sek) |\n| เรา | rao | [raw] | góan, góa (hán-iōng) |\n| เขา | khao | [kʰǎw] | i |\n| มัน | man | [mɑn] | i (hui-lâng) |\n| พวกเขา | phuak khao | [pʰûak kʰǎw] | in |\n| พี่ | phi | [pʰîː] | hiaⁿ-chí (kî-thaⁿ chhin-chiâⁿ chham hui-chhin-chiâⁿ iā ē-sái) |\n| น้อง | nong | [nɔːŋ] | tī-mōai (kî-thaⁿ chhin-chiâⁿ chham hui-chhin-chiâⁿ iā ē-sái) |\n| ลูกพี่ ลูกน้อง | luk phi luk nong | [luːk pʰiː luːk nɔːŋ] | cousin (male or female) |\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\nWikipediaWikipedia\nWikipedia ū ***Thài-gí*** ê pán-pún.\n\nWiktionaryWiktionary\nWiktionary ū ***Thài-gí*** ê pán-pún.","meta":{"title":"Thài-gí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[663,2019,0.32838038632986627],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2580}} -{"text":"\n\n**Flunitrazepam**, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kiò-chòe **FM2**, Lô-bîn-lo̍k, Hut-sò͘-Siau-An-tēng, Hut-sò͘-Siau-Ki-An-tēng, Hut-sò͘-Kah-Siau-An-tēng,Si̍p-jī-kè, Si̍p-jī-á, Lô--sī Io̍h-chhiúⁿ chè-chō, chhú in ê sêng-hun Flunitrazepam ê siu-bé jī-bó ka goān chē-hêng múi lia̍p 2 hô-khek lâi kán-chheng chòe \"FM2\". Sī chi̍t-chióng cheng-sîn io̍h-phín, kiông-tō͘ sió-khóa-á lia̍t, Bâ-chùi chìn-chêng iōng io̍h, ài-khùn-io̍h. Sūi-sū io̍h-chhiúⁿ iā ūi i thui-chhut Bí-tit-bîn（Modipanol）, kâng-khoán sī su-iàu i-chiok khui-io̍h-hng ê koán-chè io̍h-phín. Ùi 2017 nî 7 goe̍h liáu-āu, Sūi-sū io̍h-chhiúⁿ seng-sán ê FM2 kái-miâ chòe \"Ho̍k-ní-bîn\"（Fallep）, goân-tóe io̍h-piáⁿ nn̄g-bīn lóng-sī si̍p-jī ìn-kì, siu-kái chòe chi̍t-bīn î-chhî si̍p-jī gám, lēng-gōa chi̍t-bīn sī sò͘-jī 2.\n\nHo̍k-ní-bîn pau-chong chiàⁿ-bīn\nHo̍k-ní-bîn pau-chong pōe-bīn\nSūi-sū io̍h-chhiúⁿ chhut-phín ê tī-liâu khùn-bîn ê io̍h-bu̍t, ū Flunitrazepam, ìn si̍p-jī gám\n\nIo̍h-bu̍t te̍k-sèng\n-------------------\n\nChia̍h liáu-āu it-poaⁿ 20 hun-cheng ōe-tàng khí-ài-khùn, io̍h-hāu sî-kan 8-12 tiám-cheng, chok-iōng sī phó͘-thong ài-khùn-io̍h ê cha̍p-pōe, cheng-sîn liáu-āu ē ū chùi-kè-mî ê kám-kak kap pō͘-hūn kì-tî sòng-sit (thong-siông sī chia̍h io̍h-á liáu-āu kàu khùn chìn-chêng ê hit-tōaⁿ sî-kan), só͘-í chia̍h io̍h-á liáu-āu m̄-thang chhau-chok ke-khì á-sī sái-chhia, jî-chhiáⁿ eng-kai khak-tēng ōe-tàng ū 8-12 tiám-cheng ê khùn-bîn sî-kan bē siū-tio̍h táⁿ-jiáu, bián-tit hoat-seng hûi-hiám, mā ōe-tàng hō͘ kun-bah pàng-sang kap kiám-khin kín-tiuⁿ kap chiau-sim, sek-iōng tī chá-chhíⁿ sit-bîn hoān-chiá. Chi̍t-kóa i-seng ē iōng tī tan-sûn sit-bîn kap bān-sèng-pīⁿ ín-khí ê khùn-bîn chiòng-gāi, m̄-koh su-iàu tī beh khùn chìn-chêng chia̍h io̍h-á kap bē-tàng lim-chiú, nā-sī bô i-seng ê chhú-hng m̄-thang kap kî-thaⁿ io̍h-á lām chòe-hé sú-iōng. Chia̍h liáu-āu iok-lio̍k ū 13% ê lâng ōe sán-seng hù-chok-iōng, iû-kî tī koân chē-liōng（m̄-sī i-seng chí-sī chi-hā chhiau-kè 4mg）sú-iōng-chiá kap sī-tōa-lâng, í-kip seng-lí bín-kám ê lâng ē hoat-seng, kè-liōng sú-iōng-chiá ê hù-chok-iōng ū kē-huih-ap, chhùi ta-sò, chùi-kè-mî, tham-bîn, heng-hùn-kám, sèng-kong-lêng kàng-kē, cha̍p-liām, kì-tî lêng-le̍k kap su-sióng chhut-hiān būn-tôe, kun-bah bô khùi-la̍t téng-téng. Tōa-liōng sú-iōng chit-ê io̍h-á ē-ū ut-chut, khang-hi-kám, bô-la̍t-kám, iàm-sè-kám, chū-sat chhiong-pōng kap cheng-sîn bô-chèng-siông, tiong-chhu sîn-keng kiông-le̍k ap-chè ín-khí chhoán-khùi thêng-chí, huih-ap khoài-kàng, koaⁿ kap io-chí sún-siong téng-téng sīm-chì sí-bông. Lim-chiú ē ka-kiông io̍h-á ê hù-chok-iōng, in-ūi tāi-siā chú-iàu sī koaⁿ, só͘-í koaⁿ kong-lêng bô lí-sióng ê lâng ē hō͘ io̍h-á chek tī thé-lāi, ín-khí chhoán-khùi ap-chè kap kiâⁿ-lō͘ sit-siông. I ê gōa-koan thong-siông sī pe̍h-sek kap kî-thaⁿ ê sek-chúi io̍h-phìⁿ ûi-chú, ū chi̍t-kóa ē tī io̍h-phín téng-bīn ìn FM2 ê jī kap si̍p-jī-kè, tī Tâi-oân o͘-chhī hông chheng-chòe Si̍p-jī-á.\n\nChham-khó Chu-liāu\n------------------","meta":{"title":"Flunitrazepam","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2943,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3364}} -{"text":"Chhit-chhái pit\n**Sek** (色), it-poaⁿ kóng **sek-tì** (色緻) ia̍h **sek-tī** he̍k-chiá **sek-chúi** (色水), mā ū kóng **sek-chhái** (色彩) kap **gân-sek** (顏色), sī thàu-kòe ba̍k-chiu, náu kap lán-ê seng-oa̍h keng-giām só͘ sán-seng ê chi̍t chióng tùi kng ê sī-kak hāu-èng. Lâng tùi sek-chhái ê kám-kak m̄ kan-na iû kng ê bu̍t-lí sèng-chit lâi koat-tēng, iáu pau-hâm sim-lí kap kî-thaⁿ chē-chē in-sò͘; pí-lūn lâng tùi sek-chhái ê kám-kak tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ siū-tio̍h chiu-piⁿ sek-chhái ê éng-hióng. Ū-sî-á lâng mā ē kā bu̍t-chit sán-seng bô-kāng sek-chhái ê bu̍t-lí sèng-chit chiū ti̍t-chiap hō-chò sek-chhái.\n\nBu̍t-lí ê hiān-siōng\n--------------------\n\n**Khó-kiàn-kng ê kng-phó͘**| Sek-chhái | Pho-tn̂g | Pîn-lu̍t |\n| Âng-sek | iok 625 ~ 740 nm | iok 480 ~ 405 THz |\n| Kam-á-sek | iok 590 ~ 625 nm | iok 510 ~ 480 THz |\n| N̂g-sek | iok 565 ~ 590 nm | iok 530 ~ 510 THz |\n| Le̍k-sek | iok 500 ~ 565 nm | iok 600 ~ 530 THz |\n| Nâ-sek | iok 485 ~ 500 nm | iok 620 ~ 600 THz |\n| Tìm-lâm-sek | iok 440 ~ 485 nm | iok 680 ~ 620 THz |\n| Chí-sek | iok 380 ~ 440 nm | iok 790 ~ 680 THz |\n| \n*Designed for monitors with gamma* |\n\nTiān-chû-pho ê pho-tn̂g kap kiông-tō͘ ē-tàng ū chin toā ê khu-pia̍t; tī lâng ē-tàng kám-siū ê pho-tn̂g hoān-ûi lāi (iok 312.30 nāi-bí chì 745.40 nāi-bí), che chiū hō-chò **khó-kiàn-kng**, ū-tang-sî iā pī kiò-chò **kng**. Ká-sú lán kā chi̍t ê kng-goân ta̍k-ê pho-tn̂g ê kiông-tō͘ pâi tàu-tīn, lán chiū ē-sái tit-tio̍h chit-ê kng-goân ê kng-phó͘. Chi̍t ê bu̍t-thé ê kng-phó͘ koat-tēng liáu chit-ê bu̍t-thé ê kng-ha̍k te̍k-sèng, pau-hâm i-ê sek-chhái. Bô-kāng ê kng-phó͘ ē-tàng pī lâng chiap-siū chò kāng-khoán ê sek-chhái. Siu-jiân lán ē-tàng kā chi̍t ê sek-chhái tēng-gī chò só͘-ū chia-ê kng-phó͘ ê chóng-ha̍p, tān-sī bô-kāng ê tōng-bu̍t só͘ khoàⁿ-tio̍h ê sek-chhái sī bô-kāng ê, bô-kāng ê lâng só͘ kám-siū tio̍h ê sek-chhái iā sī bô-kāng ê, só͘-í chit-ê tēng-gī sī siong-tong chú-koan ê.\n\nChi̍t ê hoán-siā só͘-ū pho-tn̂g ê kng ê piáu-bīn sī pe̍h-sek ê, ah chi̍t ê khip-siu só͘-ū pho-tn̂g ê kng ê piáu-bīn sī o͘-sek ê.\n\nChi̍t ê khēng só͘ piáu-hiān ê ta̍k-ê sek-chhái kan-na pau-hâm chi̍t ê pho-tn̂g ê kng. Lán kā chit-khoán ê sek-chhái hō-chò **tan-sek** (單色). Khēng ê kng-phó͘ si̍t-chè-siōng sī liân-sio̍k ê, tān-sī it-poaⁿ lâi-kóng, lâng kā in hun-chò: âng-sek, kam-á-sek, n̂g-sek, chheⁿ-sek, le̍k-sek, nâ-sek, chí-sek téng-téng; ta̍k-ê lâng ê khu-hun hong-sek chóng-sī bî-bî-á bô-kāng. Tan-sek-kng ê kiông-tō͘ iā ē éng-hióng tio̍h lâng tùi chi̍t ê pho-tn̂g ê kng só͘ kám-siū ê sek-chhái.\n\n### Tan-sek kap hūn-ha̍p-sek\n\nToā-poàⁿ kng-goân ê kng-phó͘ m̄-sī tan-sek ê, in-ê kng sī iû bô-kāng kiông-tō͘ kap pho-tn̂g ê kng hūn-ha̍p cho͘-sêng ê. Lâng ê ba̍k-chiu kā chit-khoán ê hūn-ha̍p-kng ê sek-chhái kap tan-sek kng-goân ê kng ê sek-chhái khoàⁿ-chò sī kāng-khoán ê. Pí-lūn téng-bīn piáu-keh tiong ê kam-á-sek, si̍t-chè-siōng chiū m̄-sī tan-sek ê 600 nāi-bí kng, si̍t-chè-siōng i sī iû âng-sek kap chheⁿ-sek ê kng hūn-ha̍p cho͘-sêng ê. In-ūi ba̍k-chiu ê seng-lí goân-lí, lán bô-haot-tō͘ khu-hun chit nn̄g chióng kng ê sek-chhái.\n\n### Sek-chhái hām pho-tōng hong-têng-sek\n\nSek-chhái ê kám-siū\n-------------------\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\n1. ↑ John Macgowan (1883). \"Colour\". *English and Chinese dictionary of the Amoy dialect*. 色緻 sek-tì\n2. ↑ Ogawa Naoyosi, pian. (1931). \"色緻\". *Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten* 臺日大辭典 [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*] (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí).\n3. ↑ Sek-tī (-tì), sek-chúi mā ū mi̍h-kiāⁿ \"ēng-sek\", \"phòe-sek\" ê ì-sù","meta":{"title":"Sek","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[581,3175,0.18299212598425196],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3899}} -{"text":"**Ke-tn̂g-chit** (珪長質, *Eng.* felsic) sī biâu-su̍t hóe-sêng-giâm sèng-chit ê hêng-iông-sû, ì-sù sī jī-sng-hòa ke-sò͘ ê hâm-liōng khah koân 65%. Jī-sng-hòa ke-sò͘ khah kē 65% ê gâm-chio̍h ū tiong-sèng, khó͘-thih-chit (苦鐵質), khó͘-thih-chit (超苦鐵質).\n\nChiū khòng-bu̍t lâi-kóng, ke-tn̂g-chit ê gâm-chio̍h ū kâⁿ khah chē tn̂g-chio̍h kah chio̍h-eng. Chiū hòa-ha̍k sêng-hūn lâi-kóng, ke-sò͘, sng-sò͘, nā-tú-lih, a-lú-mih, ka-lí ê pí-lē khah koân.\n\nLē\n--\n\nHoa-kong-giâm kah liû-bûn-giâm (流紋岩) lóng sī ke-tn̂g-chit ê hóe-sêng-giâm.\n\n* Liû-bûn-giâmLiû-bûn-giâm\n* Hoa-kong-giâmHoa-kong-giâm\n\nMiâ-chheng\n----------\n\nKe-tn̂g-chit ê Eng-gí \"felsic\" sī \"**fel**dspar\" (tn̂g-chio̍h) kah \"**si**lica\" (jī-sng-hòa ke-sò͘) chit nn̄g ê sû kap chò-hóe lâi--ê. Tâi-oân-ōe kah Ji̍t-gí \"珪長質岩\" ê hō-miâ mā sī chiàu kāng-khoán ê lí-lō͘, kiat-ha̍p \"**長**石\" (tn̂g-chio̍h) kah \"二酸化**珪**素\" (jī-sng-hòa ke-sò͘).\n\nHôa-gí sī cho͘-ha̍p \"**長**石\" (tn̂g-chio̍h) kah \"石**英**\" (chio̍h-eng), chhòng-chō chhut \"長英質\" chit ê sû.\n\nMā thang khòaⁿ\n--------------\n\n* tiong-sèng\n* khó͘-thih-chit\n* chhiau-khó͘-thih-chit\n* hóe-sêng-giâm\n\nChham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ felsic and mafic rocks at the *Encyclopædia Britannica*","meta":{"title":"Ke-tn̂g-chit","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[139,1092,0.12728937728937728],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1345}} -{"text":"縮圖\n\nKài-siū Lâu (介壽樓)\nHông-kàu Lâu (弘教樓)\n**Kok-li̍p Hó͘-bóe Ko-kip-tiong-ha̍k** (國立虎尾高級中學; kán-chheng **Hó͘-bóe-ko-tiong**, **Hó͘-tiong**) sī Tâi-oân Hûn-lîm ê chi̍t-keng phó͘-thong-hêng-ko-kip-tiong-ha̍k(普通型高級中學), tī 2019-nî 5-goe̍h lóng-chóng ū 1504-ê ha̍k-seng.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n1946-nî 4-goe̍h 20, Tâi-oân-séng Tâi-lâm-koān Chèng-hú tī goân-pún Hó͘-bóe Sîm-siông-sió-ha̍k-kàu (虎尾尋常小學校) ê só͘-chāi sêng-li̍p **Tâi-lâm Koān-li̍p Hó͘-bóe Chho͘-kip-tiong-ha̍k** (臺南縣立虎尾初級中學, kán-chheng Hó͘-bóe Chho͘-tiong). 1947-nî kah Tâi-lâm Koān-li̍p Hó͘-bóe Chho͘-kip-lú-chú-chit-gia̍p-ha̍k-hāu (臺南縣立虎尾初級女子職業學校) ha̍p-pèng.\n\n1949-nî, Séng-chèng-hú kā Hó͘-bóe Chho͘-tiong pèng ji̍p-khì Tâi-oân Séng-li̍p Hó͘-bóe Lú-chú-tiong-ha̍k (臺灣省立虎尾女子中學, Hó͘-bóe Lú-tiong), sêng-li̍p **Tâi-oân Séng-li̍p** **Hó͘-bóe Tiong-ha̍k** (臺灣省立虎尾中學, Hó͘-bóe Tiong-ha̍k). Keh-nî iū-koh to̍k-li̍p siat-tì Hó͘-bóe Lú-tiong.\n\n1970-nî-tāi, Hó͘-bóe Tiong-ha̍k ê ha̍k-seng jú-lâi-jú chió, Séng-chèng-hú kah hit-tong-sî ê hāu-tiúⁿ Lí Sū-khun (李士崑) koat-tēng kā Hó͘-bóe Lú-tiong pèng ji̍p-khì Hó͘-bóe Tiong-ha̍k. 1981-nî, lióng hāu chèng-sek ha̍p-pèng oân-sêng. Sin ha̍k-hāu kāng-khoán hō-chò Tâi-oân Séng-li̍p Hó͘-bóe Tiong-ha̍k, m̄-koh sī sú-iōng Hó͘-bóe Lú-tiong ê hāu-hn̂g.\n\n2000-nî cheng-Séng (精省) liáu-aū, Hó͘-tiong kái-miâ Kok-li̍p Hó͘-bóe Ko-kip-tiong-ha̍k.\n\nChit-má ê hāu-tiúⁿ hō-chò Sih Tong-pō͘ (薛東埠).\n\nCho͘-chit (組織)\n--------------\n\nHó͘-bóe Ko-tiong ê hāu-hùn (校訓) sī \"kong, sêng, khîn, chèng\" (公、誠、勤、正). :67 I sī chi̍t-keng saⁿ-nî-chè (三年制) ê phó͘-thong-hêng ko-kip tiong-téng ha̍k-hāu (普通型高級中等學校), kan-taⁿ ū phó͘-thong kho (普通科). Lóng-chóng ū 1504-ê ha̍k-seng (tī 2019-nî 5-goe̍h ê-sî). :2\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ 縣立虎尾中學校開校. 民報 (民報社). 1946-04-23.\n2. 1 2 *《虎尾鎮志》*. 李謁政總編纂. 雲林縣虎尾鎮: 雲縣虎尾鎮公所. 2018. ISBN 978-986-05-2405-5.\n3. 1 2 3 張忠語, pian. (2001). *《國立虎尾高級中學校史》*.\n4. ↑ 劉春生. 楊豪森請調溪湖高中 薛東埠接任虎中校長. 臺灣時報. 2016-07-31.\n5. ↑ Ngô͘, Chheng-hái (吳清海), pian. (2000-04-01). *虎溪浼浼一甲子：國立虎尾高級中學六十週年紀念特刊* (ēng Hôa-gí).\n6. ↑ *高級中等學校課程計畫：國立虎尾高中（090315）普通型課程計畫書* (PDF) (he̍k-tēng pán.). Sih Tong-pō͘ (薛東埠). 2019-05-15. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn (PDF) tī 2019-07-15. 2019-06-22 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Kok-li̍p Hó͘-bóe Ko-kip Tiong-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[542,2310,0.23463203463203464],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2641}} -{"text":"\n**Má-thài 1** (Eng-gí: *Matthew 1*), ia̍h **Má-thài Hok-im Tē 1 Chiuⁿ**, sī Sin-iok Sèng-keng Choân-su lāi ê Má-thài Hok-im ê tē-1 chiuⁿ.\n\nChoân-bûn\n---------\n\n1 A-pek-la̍h-hán ê hō͘-è, Tāi-pi̍t ê hō͘-è, Iâ-so͘ Ki-tok ê ka-phó͘. \n\n2 A-pek-la̍h-hán siⁿ Í-sat; Í-sat siⁿ Ngá-kok; Ngá-kok siⁿ Iû-tāi kap i ê hiaⁿ-tī; \n\n3 Iû-tāi tùi Tāi-má--sī siⁿ Hoat-le̍k-sū kap Sat-la̍h; Hoat-le̍k-sū siⁿ Í-sū-lûn; Í-sū-lûn siⁿ A-lân; \n\n4 A-lân siⁿ A-bí-ná-ta̍t; A-bí-ná-ta̍t siⁿ Ná-sūn; Ná-sūn siⁿ Sat-bûn; \n\n5 Sat-bûn tùi Lat-ha̍p--sī siⁿ Pho-sū; Pho-sū tùi Lō͘-tek--sī siⁿ O-pek; O-pek siⁿ Iâ-se; \n\n6 Iâ-se siⁿ Tāi-pi̍t ông; Tāi-pi̍t tùi O͘-lī-a ê bó͘ siⁿ Só͘-lô-bûn; \n\n7 Só͘-lô-bûn siⁿ Lô-pho-àm; Lô-pho-àm siⁿ A-pí-a; A-pí-a siⁿ A-sat \n\n8 A-sat siⁿ Iok-sa-hoat; Iok-sa-hoat siⁿ Iok-lân; Iok-lân siⁿ O͘-se-a; \n\n9 O͘-se-a siⁿ Iok-tàn; Iok-tàn siⁿ A-khap-sū; A-khap-sū siⁿ Hi-se-ka; \n\n10 Hi-se-ka siⁿ Má-ná-se; Má-ná-se siⁿ A-bûn; A-bûn siⁿ Iok-se-a; \n\n11 peh-sìⁿ siū chhian-sóa kàu Pa-pí-lûn ê sî, Iok-se-a siⁿ Iâ-ko-nî-a kap i ê hiaⁿ-tī. \n\n12 Chhian-sóa kàu Pa-pí-lûn liáu-āu, Iâ-ko-nî-a siⁿ Sat-lia̍p-thiat; Sat-lia̍p-thiat siⁿ Só͘-lô-pá-pek; \n\n13 Só͘-lô-pá-pek siⁿ A-pí-ut; A-pí-ut siⁿ Í-lī-a-kim; Í-lī-a-kim siⁿ A-só͘; \n\n14 A-só͘ siⁿ Sat-to̍k; Sat-to̍k siⁿ A-kim; A-kim siⁿ Í-lu̍t; \n\n15 Í-lu̍t siⁿ Í-lī-a-sat; Í-lī-a-sat siⁿ Má-tàn; Má-tàn siⁿ Ngá-kok; \n\n16 Ngá-kok siⁿ Iok-sek, chiū-sī Má-lī-a ê tiōng-hu; chheng chòe Ki-tok ê Iâ-so͘, sī tùi chit ê Má-lī-a siⁿ ê. \n\n17 tùi A-pek-la̍h-hán kàu Tāi-pi̍t, kiōng cha̍p-sì tāi; tùi Tāi-pi̍t kàu chhian-sóa khì Pa-pí-lûn ê sî, ia̍h cha̍p-sì tāi; tùi chhian-sóa khì Pa-pí-lûn ê sî kàu Ki-tok, koh cha̍p-sì tāi. \n\n18 Iâ-so͘ Ki-tok ê chhut-sì, kì tī ē-tóe: I ê lāu-bú Má-lī-a í-keng chòe Iok-sek tiāⁿ-tio̍h, iáu-bē chhōa kè-mn̂g, chiū tùi Sèng Sîn ū sin-īn. \n\n19 I ê tiōng-hu Iok-sek sī gī ê lâng, m̄ ài hián-jiân pān i, àn-sǹg beh àm-chīⁿ hòe-chhin. \n\n20 Teh siūⁿ ê sî, ū Chú ê thiⁿ-sài tī i ê bîn-bāng-tiong chhut-hiān kóng, Tāi-pi̍t ê hō͘-è, Iok-sek ah, bo̍h-tit kiaⁿ, tio̍h chhōa lí ê bó͘ Má-lī-a kè-mn̂g; in-ūi i só͘ hoâi-īn ê sī tùi Sèng Sîn. \n\n21 I beh siⁿ kiáⁿ, lí tio̍h kiò I ê miâ chòe Iâ-so͘; in-ūi I beh kiù I ê peh-sìⁿ thoat-chhut in ê chōe-ok. \n\n22 Chit ê sū lóng chiâⁿ, sī beh èng-giām Chú thok sian-ti só͘ kóng ê, kóng, \n\n23 Lí khòaⁿ, chāi-sek-lú beh sin-īn siⁿ kiáⁿ; Lâng beh kiò I ê miâ chòe Í-má-lōe-lī;hoan-e̍k chiū-sī Siōng-tè kap lán tī-teh. \n\n24 Iok-sek khùn-chhíⁿ khí-lâi, chiàu Chú ê thiⁿ-sài só͘ bēng-lēng khì kiâⁿ, chhōa i ê bó͘ kè-mn̂g; \n\n25 bô kap i tâng pâng, kàu i siⁿ kiáⁿ; chiū kiò I ê miâ chòe Iâ-so͘.\n\nChat\n----\n\n* Má-thài 1:1\n* Má-thài 1:2\n* Má-thài 1:3\n* Má-thài 1:4\n* Má-thài 1:5\n* Má-thài 1:6\n* Má-thài 1:7\n* Má-thài 1:8\n* Má-thài 1:9\n* Má-thài 1:10\n* Má-thài 1:11\n* Má-thài 1:12\n* Má-thài 1:13\n* Má-thài 1:14\n* Má-thài 1:15\n* Má-thài 1:16\n* Má-thài 1:17\n* Má-thài 1:18\n* Má-thài 1:19\n* Má-thài 1:20\n* Má-thài 1:21\n* Má-thài 1:22\n* Má-thài 1:23\n* Má-thài 1:24\n* Má-thài 1:25\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Má-thài 1*** |\n\n* Ko Chek-hòan, Tân Pang-tìn, Âng-phôe Sèng-keng[*biân-uán bô-hāu liân-kiat*], 1972.\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| **Má-thài 1** |\n| Chiap-sio̍kKū-iok Sèng-kengMá-lia̍p-ki 4 | **Sin-iok Sèng-keng Choân-suMá-thài Hok-im** | Kè-sio̍kMá-thài 2 |","meta":{"title":"Má-thài 1","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[703,3194,0.2201001878522229],"infobox":["
    Má-thài 1
    \n
    \n
    Su\nMá-thài Hok-im
    Sèng-keng ê pō͘-hūn\nSin-iok Sèng-keng
    Pō͘-hūn lāi ê sūn-sī\n1
    Lūi-pia̍t\nHok-im-su
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3799}} -{"text":"Bâ-khang Lám-chhia ê soàⁿ-lō͘\n**Bâ-khang Lám-chhia** (Hàn-jī: 猫空纜車), siū-tio̍h Hôa-gí \"貓空纜車\" éng-hióng, mā ū lâng tha̍k-chò **Niau-khang Lám-chhia**, kán-chheng **Niau-lám** (貓纜), sī Tâi-oân Tâi-pak-chhī Bûn-san-khu ê lám-chhia hē-thóng. Niau-lám ê lō͘-sòaⁿ ùi Tâi-pak Chhī-li̍p Tōng-bu̍t-hn̂g sai-pêng kàu Bâ-khang tē-khu, choân-tn̂g 4.03 kong-lí, tiong-tô͘ siat-iú 4 ê chām. Niau-lám te̍k-pia̍t ê só͘-chāi sī Tâi-pak-chhī tē-it chō koan-kong lám-chhia, mā sī choân Tâi-oân siōng-tn̂g koh tē-it chō ū kong-kiōng ūn-su sèng-chit ê lám-chhia. Sin ê kau-thong hong-sek tû-liáu ē-sái hō͘ lú-kheh ùi ko-khong him-sióng Bâ-khang tê-hn̂g ê kéng-sek, mā kî-thāi ē-sái pó-liû Bâ-khang ê sûn-chēng koh oân-chéng ê chū-jiân khoân-kéng.\n\nNiau-lám ê pō͘-hūn tē-ki tī 2008 nî ê hong-thai kùi-chiat pī *tô-khang*, keng-iû ki-su kong-hōe ê kàm-tēng liáu-āu, jīm-tēng ū an-choân gî-lū, só͘-í bat ùi 2008 nî 10 goe̍h 1 hō ē-po͘ 3 tiám thêng-sú, it-ti̍t kàu 2010 nî 3 goe̍h 30 hō chiah-koh hoe-ho̍k chèng-siông ê êng-ūn. Tī thêng-sú kî-kan ū sin cheng-siat Bâ-khang Lám-chhia Ho̍k-bū Tiong-sim.\n\nChhia-chām\n----------\n\n\n| Chhia-chām miâ | Kau-hōe | Chē-chí |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Pe̍h-ōe-jī | Hàn-jī | Eng-gí |\n| **Niau-khang Lám-chhia** |\n| Tōng-bu̍t-hn̂g | 動物園 | Taipei Zoo |   Khoân-chōng-sòaⁿ (Lâm-khoân-tōaⁿ)  Chhim-kheⁿ Khin-kúi  Bûn-ô͘ Soàⁿ | Bûn-san-khu | Tâi-pak-chhī |\n| Choán-kak 1 | 轉角一 | Angle Station 1 | |\n| Tōng-bu̍t-hn̂g Lâm | 動物園南 | Taipei Zoo South | |\n| Choán-kak 2 | 轉角二 | Angle Station 2 | |\n| Chí-lâm-kiong | 指南宮 | Zhinan Temple | |\n| Bâ-khang | 猫空 | Maokong | |\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ 翁佳音、曹銘宗（2016）。大灣大員福爾摩沙：從葡萄牙航海日誌、荷西地圖、清日文獻尋找台灣地名真相。 台北：貓頭鷹。ISBN: 9789862622766\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n|  **Niau-khang Lám-chhia** |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n\n---\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Tōng-bu̍t-hn̂g - choán-kak-chām 1 - Tōng-bu̍t-hn̂g Lâm-chām - choán-kak-chām 2 - Chí-lâm-kiong - Niau-khang |\n\n |\n| |\n| \n\n---\n\n |\n| |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Bâ-khang Lám-chhia","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[631,1722,0.36643437862950057],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2344}} -{"text":"\n**Canada** koh hō-chò **Kanata**, ia̍h-sī **Ka-ná-tāi** kah **Kha-ná-tah**, sī tī Pak Bí-chiu siāng pak-pêng ê kok-ka. Canada miâ-gī-siōng sī 1 ê ū hiàn-hoat ê ông-kok, cho·-chit-siōng kiâⁿ liân-pang chè-tō·, ū 10 séng, 3 léng-thó·. Canada le̍k-sú siōng mā hō-chò **Dominion of Canada**/**Le Dominion du Canada**. Dominion sī goân-chū La-teng-bûn \"dominus\", ì-sù sī thóng-tī. Kó͘-chá Eng-kok iōng-lâi kā i ka tī si̍t-bîn-tē chheng-ho͘ ê thâu-chêng, piáu-sī in ê thóng-tī-khoân.\n\nKok miâ\n-------\n\n\"Canada\" chit-ê miâ sī tùi tōng-tē goân-chū-bîn Haudenosaunee-lâng ê chi̍t-ê pō͘-cho̍k só͘ kóng ê \"kanata\" só͘ hō, goân-lâi ì-sù sī \"chhoan-chng\", sī goân-chū-bîn ēng-lâi hiòng thàm-hiám-chiá Jacques Cartier chí bêng Stadacona chit-ê chhoan ê só͘-chāi-tē só͘ ēng.\n\nĀu-lâi, Cartier tio̍h ēng \"canada\" chit-ê jī lâi chheng Stadacona siú-niá Donnacona só͘ koán ê thó͘-tē. Tī 1545 nî, Au-chiu ê chheh kap tē-tô͘ khai-sí ēng \"Canada\" lâi piáu-sī chit-ê só͘-chāi.\n\nKàu 17 sè-kí kap 18 sè-kí chá-kî, \"Canada\" sī kóng Sin Hoat-lân-se, ia̍h tio̍h sī Sèng Lawrence Hô liû-he̍k kap Toā-ô͘ ê pak hoāⁿ tē-khu. Āu-boé chia-ê thó͘-tē piàn chò Eng-kok ê si̍t-bîn-tē, hun Téng Canada (*Upper Canada*) kap Hā Canada (*Lower Canada*), 1841 nî koh ha̍p-pēng chò Canada Séng (*Province of Canada*).\n\n1867 nî Canada ê hoān-ûi.\n1867 nî cho͘-sêng pâng-liân ê sî-chūn, \"Canada\" hong ēng-lâi chò sin kok-ka ê chèng-sek miâ-chheng, lēng-goā koh koàn siōng \"Dominion\", chiâⁿ chò choân-miâ \"Dominion of Canada\". Āu-lâi Canada chèng-hú tit tio̍h chū-tī ê sin-hūn, ta̍uh-ta̍uh tio̍h bô chài ēng \"Dominion\", kaⁿ-taⁿ chheng \"Canada\".\n\nTī Hàn-bûn kap Ji̍t-pún ê Hàn-jī, hun-piat kā \"Canada\" hoan chò \"加拿大\" chham \"加奈陀\". Hiān-sî Bân-lâm-gí ū chiàu \"加拿大\" kóng Ka-ná-tāi. Nā tī Tâi-oân, mā tiāⁿ kóng \"Kha-ná-tah\" ia̍h sī \"Ka-ná-tah\".\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nGoân-chū-bîn tī Canada í-keng toà ū 10,000 goā-tang. Tī kong-goân 1000-nî chó-iū ê sî-chūn, Viking-lâng ū toà tī hiān-chú-sî Newfoundland pak-hái-hoāⁿ ê L'Anse aux Meadows chi̍t-chām--á. He sī Europa-lâng thâu-chi̍t-pái lâi kàu Canada. Hoat-kok-lâng tī 16 kap 17 sè-kí ê sî-chūn khai-sí poaⁿ-lâi khiā-khí tī Pak-bí-chiu tang-pak-pō·, sī Europa-lâng tī Canada tn̂g-kî tēng-ki ê khí-thâu.\n\nEng-kok, Hoat-kok kap Se-pan-gâ tī 1763-nî chhiam-tēng Paris Tiâu-iok, kā Chhit-nî Chiàn-cheng siu-soah. Tī chit-ê tiâu-iok lāi-té, Hoat-kok tap-èng hòng-khì i tī Pak-bí-chiu tāi-lio̍k ê si̍t-bîn-tē, kā Canada niū hō· Eng-kok. \n\nBí-kok Kek-bēng liáu-āu, si̍t-bîn-tē chi̍t-koá iû-goân hāu-tiong Eng-kok ê lâng chiūⁿ-pak poaⁿ lâi kàuCanada.\n\nTī 1867-nî, Canada Séng (āu--lâi hun-chò Ontario kap Québec), Nova Scotia kap New Brunswick chit saⁿ-ê si̍t-bîn-tē ha̍p-pèng, kiàn-li̍p Dominion of Canada. Edward Ông-chú Tó kap Newfoundland hit-tang-chūn bô siūⁿ-beh kap choah-ê si̍t-bîn-tē ha̍p-chò-hóe, hun-pia̍t kàu 1873-nî kap 1949-nî chiah ka-ji̍p Canada. \n\nEng-kok tī 1931-nî thong-kòe Westminister Hoat-kui, chèng-sek hō· Canada piàn-chò to̍k-li̍p ê kok-ka, ē-tàng ka-kī chè-tēng hoat-lu̍t. Canada tī 1982-nî kā hiàn-hoat ùi Eng-kok soá tò-lâi chhù (*patriation of the Constitution*), chū-án-ne Canada siu-kái hiàn-hoat m̄-bián koh su-iàu Eng-kok ê tông-ì.\n\nGí-giân\n-------\n\nCanada ê nn̄g-ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân sī Eng-gí kap Hoat-gí.\n\nTī 1969-nî, Canada kok-hōe thong-kòe gī-àn, chèng-sek kui-tēng Eng-gí kap Hoat-gí tī liân-pang chèng-hú kap kok-hōe--ni̍h sī pêng-téng ê gí-giân. Che sī Canada tē-it-ê Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân hoat-àn (*Official Languages Act* / *Loi sur les langues officielles*). I chú-iàu ê bo̍k-tek sī Eng-gí kap Hoat-gí siā-khu ê pó-chûn kap hoat-tián, í-ki̍p hō· chit-nn̄g-ê gí-giân tī Canada siā-hōe ē-tàng pîⁿ-chē-khiā.\n\nCanada chèng-hú tī 1982-nî chèng-sek soan-kò Hiàn-hoat hoat-àn (*Constitution Act* / *Loi constitutionnelle*), kî-tiong ê Canada Koân-lī kap chū-iû hiàn-chiong (*Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms* / *Charte canadienne des droits et libertés*) chìn-chi̍t-pō· hō· liân-pang ki-kò· lāi-bīn nn̄g-ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân ê tē-ūi kap sú-iōng tit-tio̍h hiàn-hoat ê pó-chèng. Koân-lī kap chū-iû hiàn-chiong kui-tēng:\n\n* Eng-gí kap Hoat-gí sī Canada ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân;\n* Tī kok-hōe hōe-gī--ni̍h, ta̍k-ke ū koân-lī ēng jīm-hô chi̍t-ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân;\n* Só·-ū kok-hōe ê kì-lo̍k kap thong-kòe ê hoat-àn su-iàu ū Eng-gí kap Hoat-gí ê pán-pún, jî-chhiáⁿ nn̄g-chióng lóng sǹg sī koaⁿ-hong chèng-khak ê pán-pún;\n* Kap kok-hōe siat-li̍p ê hoat-īⁿ chhú-lí tāi-chì ê sî-chūn, ēng Eng-gí ia̍h-sī Hoat-gí lóng ē-sái--tit.\n* Ta̍k-ke ū koân-lī ēng jīm-hô chi̍t-ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân tit-tio̍h liân-pang chèng-hú ê ho̍k-bū.\n\nChit-má New Brunswick sī Canada î-it chèng-sek siang-gí ê séng. Hoat-gí sī Québec ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân; kî-thaⁿ poeh-ê séng ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân lóng sī Eng-gí.\n\nTî-liáu Eng-gí kap Hoat-gí, kî-thaⁿ gí-gían tī Canada mā chin tiōng-iàu. Kun-kì 2001-nî ê jîn-kháu tiau-cha, 17% Canada-lâng ê bú-gí m̄-sī koaⁿ-hong gí-giân. Kî-tiong jîn-kháu thōng chē ê sī Italia-gí (1.6%), Tek-gí (1.5%), Kńg-tang-ōe (1.1%) kap Punjab-gí (0.9%).\n\nCanada mā ū chiâⁿ chē goân-chū-bîn gí-giân, m̄-koh toā-pō·-hūn ē-hiáu kóng ê lâng jú-lâi jú-chió. Kun-kì kāng chi̍t-ê tiau-cha, bú-gí jîn-kháu khah chē ê goân-chū-bîn gí-giân ū Cree (72,680 lâng, Canada jîn-kháu ê 0.25%), Inuktitut (29,005 lâng, 0.10%), kap Ojibway (20,890 lâng, 0.07%).\n\nHêng-chèng-khu\n--------------\n\n*Chhiáⁿ chham-khó: Canada ê séng kap léng-thó·*\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ The Canadian Encyclopedia Archived 2017-11-30 at the Wayback Machine.\n2. ↑ \"Origin of the Name, Canada\". Canadian Heritage (Government of Canada). 2008. 2010-06-27 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ Maura, Juan Francisco (2009). \"Nuevas aportaciones al estudio de la toponimia ibérica en la América Septentrional en el siglo XVI\". *Bulletin of Spanish Studies*. Routledge. **86** (5): 577–603. doi:10.1080/14753820902969345.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Canada Chèng-hú\n\n| | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n**Canada ê séng kap léng-thó͘** |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Séng | British Columbia · Alberta · Saskatchewan · Manitoba · Ontario · Québec · New Brunswick · Edward Ông-chú Tó · Nova Scotia · Newfoundland kap Labrador | |\n| |\n| Léng-thó͘ | Yukon · Sai-pak Léng-thó͘ · Nunavut |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nPak-bí ê kok-ka kap i-lāi-tē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Kok-ka | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Lóng tī Pak-bí | Antigua kap Barbuda · Bahamas · Barbados · Belize · Canada · Costa Rica · Cuba · Dominica · Dominica Kiōng-hô-kok · El Salvador · Grenada · Guatemala · Haiti · Honduras · Jamaica · Be̍k-se-ko · Nicaragua · Panama · Saint Kitts kap Nevis · Saint Lucia · Saint Vincent kap Grenadines · Trinidad kap Tobago · Bí-kok |\n| |\n| Pō͘-hūn tī Pak-bí | Colombia (San Andrés kap Providencia) · Hoat-kok (Guadeloupe, Martinique) · Hô-lân (Bonaire, Saba, Sint Eustatius) · Venezuela (Isla Aves) |\n\n | |\n| |\n| I-lāi-tē | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tan-be̍h | Kek-lîm-lân |\n| |\n| Hoat-kok | Clipperton-tó · Saint-Barthélemy · Saint-Martin · Saint-Pierre kap Miquelon |\n| |\n| Hô-lân | Aruba · Curaçao · Sint Maarten |\n| |\n| Eng-kok | Anguilla · Bermuda · Eng-kok léng Virgin Kûn-tó · Cayman Kûn-tó · Montserrat · Turks kap Caicos Kûn-tó |\n| |\n| Bí-kok | Navassa-tó · Puerto Rico · Bí-kok léng Virgin Kûn-tó |\n\n |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 136600716\n* LCCN: n79007233\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2238 5050\n* GND: 4029456-0\n* SUDOC: 027250679\n* BNF: cb120149708 (data)\n* HDS: 003378\n* NDL: 00564831\n* NKC: ge129527\n* BNE: XX5625199\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Canada","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3177,7809,0.40683826354206687],"infobox":["\n
    Canada
    Canada
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Canada
    \n
    kok-kî
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Canada
    \n
    kok-hui
    \n
    \n
    \nChu-kù: A mari usque ad mare
    \"Iû hái kàu hái\"
    \nKok-koa: O Canada
    \"O̍h! Canada\"
    Ông-ka siōng-koa: God Save the King
    \"Siōng-tè pó-iū kok-ông\"
    \n
    Siú-to͘\nOttawa
    Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī\nToronto
    Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân\nEng-gí, Hoat-gí
    Chèng-hú\nLiân-pang, gī-hōe-chè, kun-chú li̍p-hiàn
    • kok-ông
    		\nCharles 3-sè
    • chóng-tok
    		\nMary Simon
    • chóng-lí
    		\nJustin Trudeau
    Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘\nGī-hōe
    • Siōng-īⁿ
    		\nGoân-ló-īⁿ
    • Hā-īⁿ
    		\nSù-bîn-īⁿ
    Bīn-chek
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n9,984,670 km2 (3,855,100 sq mi) (tē 2 miâ)
    • chúi-he̍k (%)
    		\n11.76
    Jîn-kháu
    • 2021 nî kó͘-kè
    		\n\"Neutral 38,436,447 (tē 37 miâ)
    • 2016 nî phó͘-cha
    		\n35,151,728
    • Bi̍t-tō͘
    		\n3.92/km2 (10.2/sq mi) (tē 185 miâ)
    GDP (PPP)\n2021 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Increase\" $2.027 bān-ek (tē 15 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Increase\" $53,089 (tē 24 miâ)
    GDP (bêng-gī)\n2019 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n\"Increase\" $2.016 bān-ek (tē 9 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n\"Increase\" $52,791 (tē 15 miâ)
    Gini (2018 nî)\n\"Positive 30.3
    tiong
    HDI (2019 nî)\n\"Increase\" 0.929
    chin ko · tē 16 miâ
    Hoè-pè\nCanada dollar ($) (CAD)
    Sî-khu\nUTC-3.5 ~ -8
    • Hā-sî-kan (DST)
    		\nUTC-2.5 ~ -7
    Sî-kan keh-sek\nyyyy-mm-dd (AD)
    Khui-chhia hong-hiòng\niū
    Tiān-oē khu-hō\n+1
    ISO 3166 tāi-hō\nCA
    Siōng-téng domain\n.ca
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8553}} -{"text":"**Sikorsky Aircraft** (Sikorsky hui-ki kong-si) sī tsi̍t-king Bí-kok hū-ki tsè-tsok-siong, tsóng-pōo khiā tī Connecticut tsiu Stratford. Sikorsky tsit-king iû hâng-khong sian-khu (先驅) Igor Sikorsky tī 1923-nî sóo tshòng-li̍p ê kong-si, sī siong-tsá sing-sán bîn-iōng kap kun-iōng ti̍t-sing-ki ê kong-si tsi-it. Teh té sî-kan lāi-té, Sikorsky iah-koh sing-sán hué-tshia hām lûn-tsûn tíng-tíng ê tē-bīn kau-thong kang-khū.[4] Sikorsky kong-si guân sio̍k Liân-ha̍p ki-su̍t kong-si (United Technologies Corporation) sóo-iú, 2015-nî 11-gue̍h tshut-siû hōo Lockheed Martin kong-si.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* Spenser, Jay P. (1998). \"Sikorsky\". *Whirlybirds: A History of the U.S. Helicopter Pioneers*. University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-97699-3.\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation*** |\n\n* Sikorsky homepage\n* Sikorsky Timeline at the Helicopter History Site\n* Sikorsky Archives site\n* \"Patents owned by Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation\". *US Patent & Trademark Office*. goân-loē-iông tī June 3, 2015 hőng khó͘-pih. December 6, 2005 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter `|url-status=` ignored (help)\n\nPang-bô͘:Sikorsky Aircraft","meta":{"title":"Sikorsky Aircraft","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[455,1068,0.42602996254681647],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1322}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí chhui-chiàn iōng-jī** (Hàn-jī : 臺灣閩南語推薦用字), mā kiò-chò **Tâi-gí Hàn-jī** (台語漢字), sī Tiong-hoa bîn-kok Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ tī 2007 nî 5 goe̍h 30 ji̍t, 2008 nî 5 goe̍h 1 ji̍t, kah 2009 nî 10 goe̍h 2 ji̍t hoat-piáu ê Tâi-gí pe̍h-ōe-bûn (台語白話文) iōng-jī, lóng-chóng 700 ê Hàn-jī.\n\nPhì-jū: \"伊\", \"媠\", \"傱\", \"睭\", \"仝\", \"囝\", \"囥\", \"囡\", \"捀\", \"捒\", \"搝\", \"抾\", \"啉\", \"挵\", \"泅\", \"蹛\", \"賰\", \"刣\", \"撨\", \"徛\", \"甌\", \"覕\", \"攑\".\n\nKán-kài\n-------\n\nTâi-oân Kok-ka gí-giân chhui-hêng uí-oân-hōe (國家語言推行委員會, Kok-gí-hōe) tī bāng-lō͘ téng hoat-piáu Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí chhui-chiàn iōng-jī liáu-āu, bián-huì thê-kiong siā-hōe-jîn-sū kah ha̍k-seng sú-iōng.\n\n### Kok-gí-hōe soán jī piau-chún\n\n### Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí siông-iōng-sû sû-tián\n\nBūn-tê kah cheng-gī\n-------------------\n\nHuān-lē\n-------\n\n| Hàn-gī (Tâi-gí hàn-gī) | Tâi-lô im-piau | Hàn-bûn ì-gī | Tâi-gí hàn-gī | Tâi-lô im-piau | Hàn-bûn ì-gī |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 伊 | i | 他 / 她 / 牠 / 它 | 仝 | kâng | 相同的 |\n| 予 | hōo | 給、被 | 濟 | tsē / tsuē | 眾多的 |\n| 臆 | ioh | 猜測 | 捒 | sak | 推 |\n| 耍 | sńg | 玩樂 | 抾 | khioh | 撿拾 |\n| 擲 | tàn | 丟擲 | 囥 | khǹg | 放置 |\n| 毋 | m̄ | 不 | 歇 | hioh / heh / hennh | 休息 |\n| 睏 | khùn | 睡覺 | 足 | tsiok | 非常地 |\n| 媠 | suí | 美麗的、英俊的 | 䆀 | bái | 醜陋的 |\n| 踅 | se̍h | 轉動、繞行 | 泅 | siû | 游泳 |\n| 捀 | phâng | 端(手) | 縛 | pa̍k | 綑綁 |\n| 囝 | kiánn | 兒子 | 攑 | gia̍h | 拿、舉、抬 |\n| 覕 | bih | 躲藏 | 沃 | ak | 澆(水) |\n| 甌 | au | 杯子 | 蹛 | tuà | 居住 |\n| 刣 | thâi | 宰殺 | 傱 | tsông | 奔跑 |\n| 睭 | tsiu | 眼睛 | 賰 | tshun | 剩餘 |\n| 撨 | tshiâu | 調整 | 倩 | tshiànn | 聘用 |\n| 挵 | lòng | 撞擊 | 搝 | giú | 拉、扯 |\n| 喝 | huah | 喊、吼 | 啉 | lim | 飲用 |\n| 徛 | khiā | 站立 | 遐 | hia | 那裡 |\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\nGōa-kháu liân-kiat\n------------------\n\n* 臺灣閩南語卡拉OK正字字表 Archived 2018-01-20 at the Wayback Machine.\n* 臺灣閩南語漢字輸入法\n* 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典Archived 2013-06-21 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí Thui-chiàn Iōng-jī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[679,1454,0.46698762035763414],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2139}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\n**Khu Hông-kah** (1864 nî 12 goe̍h 26 hō — 1912 nî 2 goe̍h 25 hō), Kheh-lâng. Tī Hok-kiàn-séng Tâi-oân-hú Tām-chúi-thiaⁿ Tâng-lô-oan (taⁿ Biâu-le̍k-koān Tâng-lô-hiong Tek-sim-chhun) chhut-sì, chek-koàn Chiong-hòa-koān. Sī Chheng-tiâu koaⁿ-oân, si-jîn, kàu-io̍k-ka kah kek-bēng-ka.\n\nseng-pêng\n---------\n\nūi-tī Tâi-tiong-chhī Hong-goân-khu Khu Hông-kah kì-liām kong-hn̂g lāi-té ê chìn-sū pi kî-koaⁿ-chō, téng-koân siá: \"Khim-tiám Kong-pō͘ Gû-hêng-su chú-sū Khu Hông-kah li̍p\"\nKhu Hông-kah tī Tông-tī 3-nî (1864 nî) tī Hok-kiàn-séng Tâi-oân-hú Tām-chúi-thiaⁿ Biâu-le̍k-pó Tâng-lô-oan (taⁿ Tâi-oân Biâu-le̍k-koān Tâng-lô-hiong Tek-sim-chhun, Kheh-chng) chhut-sì. In-ūi tú-á-hó sī kap-chú nî, só͘-í hō-chò Hông-kah. Khu Hông-kah chó͘-che̍k tī Kńg-tang Ka-èng-chiu Tìn-piâⁿ (taⁿ Kńg-tang Chiau-niá), chek-koàn Hok-kiàn-séng Tâi-oân-hú Chiong-hoà-koān Bâ-bū Tang-siōng-pó Tang-sì-kak.\n\nChū sè-hàn i tio̍h chiâⁿ khiáu, in lāu-pē Khu Liông-chiong tio̍h an-pâi i khì Saⁿ-kak-á Lī--sī Siáu-hûn San-chong tha̍k-chheh. 14 hòe khó oān-chhī khó-tiâu tē-1-miâ, tit-tio̍h sûn-bú Teng Ji̍t-chhiong ê sióⁿ-sek, O-ló i sī \"tang-lêng châi-chú\"; 25 hòe khì Hok-chiu khó-chhì, kah Lī Jú-siu kâng-nî khó-tiâu. Keh-nî (Kong-sū 15 nî / 1889 nî), kàu Pak-kiaⁿ khó-chhì, khó tiâu chìn-sū. Kâng-nî hőng jīm-bēng tī Kong-pō͘ chò-koaⁿ, m̄-koh Khu Hông-kah bô siōⁿ-beh tī keng-su chò-koaⁿ, tio̍h kóng \"pē-bú lāu--ah su-iàu chiàu-kò͘\", tńg-lâi Tâi-oân. Tńg-lâi í-āu pa̍t-lâng chhiáⁿ i kà-chheh, Khu Hông-kah bat khì Tâi-tiong \"hêng-bûn su-iⁿ\" kà-chheh, āu-lâi koh tī Tâi-lâm kah Ka-gī kí-pān sin-sek o̍h-á.\n\n### Soan khì Kńg-tang, chham-ka hoán Chheng\n\nKong-sū 20 nî (1894 nî), Kap-ngó͘ Chiàn-cheng po̍k-hoat. Keh-nî, Chheng-kun phah su, Lí Hông-chiong kah Ji̍t-pún Chhiam-tēng *Má-koan Tiâu-iok*, kā Tâi-oân koah hō͘ Ji̍t-pún, Tâi-oân-lâng chok hùn-khài, Khu Hông-kah mā siá bûn hō͘ Chheng-tiâu chèng-hú hoán-tùi koah-niō. Tiâu-iok kiâⁿ-khì liáu-āu, Khu Hông-kah thê-gī sêng-li̍p bîn-chú-kok, ín-chhōa sin-sū kā kî-á、sú kah chóng-thóng ìn-á khe̍h hō͘ sûn-bú Tn̂g Kéng-siông, koh chàn-siaⁿ gī-kun hoán-khòng. 5 goe̍h 23 hō，Tn̂g Kéng-siông hoat-pió *Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok To̍k-li̍p Soan-giân*. 5 goe̍h 25, Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok sêng-li̍p, nî-hō \"Éng-chheng\", Tn̂g Kéng-siông chhut-jīm chóng-thóng, Lâu Éng-hok chò tāi-chiòng-kun, Lí Péng-suī chò kun-bū tāi-sîn, Khu Hông-kah sī hù-chóng-thóng kiam thoân-liān-sú, hōaⁿ-thâu gī-ióng-kun.Tn̂g Kéng-siông chū-siú Tâi-pak, Khu Hông-kah tī Lâm-khàm siat-peng.\n\n5 goe̍h 29, Ji̍t-kun teng-lio̍k, chiàm-niá Ke-lâng, siú-kun phah bē kòe. 6 goe̍h 4 hō, chóng-thóng Tn̂g Kéng-siông chē Tek-kok ê chûn soan khì Ē-mn̂g. Khu Hông-kah chai-iáⁿ liáu-āu, kám-kak beh kóaⁿ-cháu Ji̍t-pún-lâng sī bô-khó-lêng ê tāi-chì, tio̍h chhōa kui-ke-hóe-á soan khì Kńg-tang Ka-èng-chiu。lī-khui Tâi-oân chìn-chêng koh siá si: \"Cháiⁿ-siòng iú khoân lêng kat-tē, ko͘-sîn bû-le̍k khò hôe thian; pián-chiu khù chok Chhi-î-chú, hôe-siú hô-san ì ám-jiân.\" Chit-ê si tī Khu Hông-kah kòe-sin cha̍p-gōa-tang liáu-āu, in kiáⁿ Khu Liām-tâi chiah kā kong-pò͘.\n\nKhu Hông-kah cháu khì Tāi-lio̍k liáu-āu, tī Kńg-tang kè-siok kà-chheh, siat-li̍p sin-sek o̍h-á.\n\nÉng-chēng Khu--sī chong-sû \"Tong-koan-tē\" hoâiⁿ-pián.\nKhu Hông-kah āu-lâi chek-ke̍k chi-chhî hoán Chheng ê kek-bēng oa̍h-tāng. Soan-thóng 3 nî (1911 nî), Bú-chhiong khí-gī po̍k-hoat, Tiong-kok chok chē séng mā kā hióng-èng, Kńg-tang soan-pò͘ to̍k-li̍p, Ô͘ Hàn-bîn chò to͘-tok. Khu Hông-kah hőng soán chò tāi-piáu, soán-kí Sun Bûn chò Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok lîm-sî tāi-chóng-thóng.\n\nBîn-kok goân-nî (1912 nî ), Khu Hông-kah chek-lô sêng-chi̍t, chhéng-kà tńg-khì lâm-hong. 2 goe̍h 25，tī Kńg-tang Tìn-pêng-koān (taⁿ Mûi-chiu-chhī Chiau-niá-koān) Oân-san-lí kòe-sin, ûi-giân kóng lo̍h-thó͘ ê sî-chūn ài hiòng lâm-hong, in-ūi i iáu-koh kòa-liām Tâi-oân.Khu Hông-kah chhut-chōng ê sî, kúi-nā-chheng lâng lóng leh khàu.\n\nchok-phín\n---------\n\n* *Léng hûn hái ji̍t lô͘ si-chhau*, pau-hâm *Ti̍t-am si chhûn*, *Pek-chong si chhó*, *Lô-hû iû chhó*, *Goân-se̍k bû goa̍t*\n\nkì-liām\n-------\n\nHông-kah Tāi-ha̍k lāi-té ê Khu Hông-kah sian-siⁿ kì-liām-kóan.\n1961 nî tī Tâi-oân tiong-pō͘ khí chi̍t-keng tāi-ha̍k kì-liām Khu Hông-kah, hō-chò Hông-kah Kong-siong Ha̍k-īⁿ. 1961 nî, ha̍k-hāu chèng-sek chhòng-kiàn tī Tâi-tiong-chhī Pak-tūn-khu Tōa-kheⁿ (taⁿ Tiong-tâi kho-kī Tāi-ha̍k hāu-chí), Tōa-kheⁿ goân-pún sī Khu Hông-kah in a-hiaⁿ Khu Sian-kah khai-hoat khiā-khí ê só͘-chāi, bōng-á-po͘ mā tī hia, Khu Hông-kah mā bat tòa kòe chia. Āu-lâi Hông-kah Kong-siong Ha̍k-īⁿ sóa khì Sai-tūn-khu, 1980 nî kái chò Hông-kah Tāi-ha̍k.\n\n2006 nî 5 goe̍h ，Khu Hông-kah tī Kńg-tang ê kò͘-ki hō͘ Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Kok-bū-īⁿ kong-pò͘ chò choân-kok tiōng-tiám bûn-bu̍t pó-hō͘ tan-ūi.\n\nKhu Hông-kah ê bōng-á-po͘ kàu-taⁿ koh tī-leh, kah Hông-kah kì-liām-têng lóng sī Mûi-chiu-chhī bûn-bu̍t pó-hō͘ tan-ūi. Siâng-sî, tī Mûi-chiu koh ū Hông-kah Tāi-tō, Hông-kah Tōa-kiô, Hông-kah Chheh-pâng téng lâi kì-liām Khu Hông-kah.\n\nBiâu-le̍k-chhī Bâ-lî-soaⁿ Kong-hn̂g Khu Chhong-hái kì-liām-pi\n### Kun-lām\n\n* Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok hái-kūn ū tùi Bí-kok bé ê kun-lām í Khu Hông-kah lâi hō-miâ.\n\nLe̍k-sú Phêng-kè\n----------------\n\n### Hó Phêng-kè\n\n* Khu Hông-kah chok siàu-liân tio̍h ū bē-bái ê koaⁿ-ūi thang chò, soah kā hòng-khì, tńg-lâi Tâi-oân kà-chheh; It-bī koah Tâi ê sî, i tāi-seng thê-chhiòng to̍k-li̍p khòng Ji̍t; cháu khì Tāi-lio̍k liáu-āu koh piàⁿ-la̍t thui-kóng sin-sek kàu-io̍k. I tùi kok-ka it-ti̍t ū chok koân ê kî-bōng, sū chi̍t-ê chok ài-kok ê lâng.\n* Khu Hông-kah ê si-bûn bat tit-tio̍h chok chē ha̍k-chiá chok koân ê phêng-kè, Niô͘ Khé-chhiau o-ló i sī \"si-kài kek-bēng kī-chú\", \"thian-hā kiān-chiá\".\n\n### Pháiⁿ Phêng-kè\n\n* Bi-long kí-jîn Lîm Kim-siâⁿ (bat tī Bi-long、Lio̍k-tui kah Ji̍t-kun chiàn-tàu nn̄g-pái), siá kòe liân-tùi phêng-kè Khu Hông-kah:\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \"| Tō Tâi kun-hiòng, tō Oa̍t kun-chong, kun-hoat chóng lêng tô, sū-piàn lióng-hoan sêng tāi-tō. (盜臺軍餉，盜粵軍裝，軍法總能逃，事變兩番成大盜)\nHui Chheng jîn-bu̍t, hui Hàn jîn-châi, jîn-giân chiong put sek, sim-kam it sú bo̍k ti hui. (非清人物，非漢人材，人言終不息，心甘一死莫知非) | \"|\n\n### Koan-î Liu-soan\n\n* Khu Hông-kahtī *Má-koan Tiâu-iok* chhiam-tēng liáu-āu siōng-su kúi-nā-kái hoán-tùi koah Tâi; Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok sêng-li̍p ê sî-chūn khàu kah ba̍k-sái lâu ba̍k-sái tih kóng Tâi-oân lī tiâu-têng chok hn̄g, koaⁿ-peng mā bô-siáⁿ thang i-khò, nā chhut tāi-chì, tiâu-têng kò͘ bē tio̍h Tâi-oân, kan-na ka-kī pó-hō͘ ka-kī chiah ū-hoat-tō͘; It-bī Chiàn-cheng tú-á khai-sí, Tn̂g Kéng-siông tio̍h soan ah. I koh mē Tn̂g Kéng-siông á-bōe phah tio̍h soan ah, kiat-kó bô-gōa-kú mā soan khì Tāi-lio̍kcháu khì Hok-kiàn Choân-chiu-hú.\n* Ū Tiong-kok ha̍k-chiá tī chheh lāi-té kóng, Khu Hông-kah bat chhōa-peng khòng-chiàn 20 kang.\n\n### Koan-î Kám Ū Oai-ko\n\n* + I tú-chiah cháu khì Tāi-lio̍k ê sî-chūn, ū lâng kóng i chia̍h-chîⁿ, chah 10 bān lióng pe̍h-gîn ê kong-khoán liu-soan; tān-sī bô pîn-chún, mā ū lâng ū bô kâng ê ì-kiàn.\n\nChhù-sū\n-------\n\nKong-sū 3 nî (1877 nî) Khu Hông-kah tī Tâi-oân-hú khó īⁿ-chhì, khó-koaⁿ sī Hok-kiàn Sûn-bú Teng Ji̍t-chhiong. Thoân-soat Khu Hông-kah tē-it-ê kau-kǹg, Teng Ji̍t-chhiong chőaⁿ chù-ì tio̍h i, tio̍h mn̄g i ê miâ-sèⁿ, nî-kí; tú-á-hó Khu Hông-kah seⁿ tī kap-chú-nî, koh hō-chò Hông-kah, tio̍h kóng chhut: \"Kap-liân seng Kap-chú.\" Khu Hông-kah má-siōng tio̍h tùi chhut: \"Teng-hòe gū Teng-kong.\" (In-ūi hit tang sī teng-thiú-nî, khó-koaⁿ koh sèⁿ Teng). Teng Ji̍t-chhiong tio̍h kā kóng: \"Bián tán oa̍t-kǹg, mā chai-iáⁿ lí ē-sái kho-tiâu.\" Īⁿ-chhì hòng-pńg, Khu Hông-kah kó-jiân kho-tiâu tē-it-miâ.\n\nSiong-koan bûn-chioⁿ\n--------------------\n\n* Tn̂g Kéng-siông\n* Khu Liām-tâi\n* Má-koan Tiâu-iok\n* Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok\n* It-bī Chiàn-cheng\n* Biâu-le̍k-koān\n* Tâng-lô-hiong\n* Hông-kah Tāi-ha̍k\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 資料來源：國家圖書館 臺灣記憶\n2. ↑ 《臺灣通史·卷四》：初二日，紳士邱逢甲率人民等公上大總統之章。景崧受之，建元永清，旗用藍地黃虎。以兵部主事丘逢甲為義勇統領，禮部主事李秉瑞為軍務大臣，刑部主事俞明震為內務大臣，副將陳季同為外務大臣，道員姚文棟為遊說使，使詣北京，陳建國情形。\n3. ↑ 《臺灣通史·卷四》：當是時，全臺之兵，土、客、新、舊為數三百數十營，每營三百六十人。景崧既駐臺北，以逢甲率所部戍附近，備策應。\n4. ↑ 《臺灣通史·卷四》：十三日，日軍以一大隊迫獅球嶺。臺人請景崧駐八堵，為死守計，不從。營官李文魁馳入撫署，大呼曰：「獅球嶺亡在旦夕，非大帥督戰，諸將不用命」。景崧見其來，悚然立，舉案上令架擲地曰：「軍令俱在，好自為之」。文魁側其首以拾，則景崧已不見矣。景崧既入，攜巡撫印奔滬尾，乘德商輪船逃。將出口，砲臺開砲擊之；適德兵艦泊附近，以其擊己船也，亦開砲擊。當是時潰兵四出，劫藩庫，焚撫署，土匪亦乘發，鬥死者五百餘人，哭聲滿巷。如是兩晝夜。林維源、林朝棟、邱逢甲相率去。\n5. ↑ 《民國丘倉海先生逢甲年譜》\n6. ↑ 陈斌华，抗日护台志士丘逢甲故居获定为全国文保单位 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n，新华网\n7. ↑ 梅州市各级文物保护单位 Ia̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn\n 中國遺產網\n8. 1 2 《丘逢甲傳》第214頁\n9. ↑ 《夢苕庵詩話》第89頁\n10. ↑ 《柳亞子詩選輯》第30頁\n11. ↑ 《梁任公先生年譜長編初稿》第94頁\n12. ↑ 清稗類鈔 忠藎類\n13. ↑ 《丘逢甲與臺灣歷史文化學術研討會文集》，第90頁\n14. ↑ 丘逢甲傳p71 徐博東 黃志平\n15. ↑ 廖隆盛〈剖雲行日：丘逢甲傳〉\n16. ↑ 《近代中國》48期，1985年8月，頁218-224，見頁221\n17. ↑ 《臺灣通史·卷三十六·列傳八·丘逢甲傳》：「……而逢甲任團練使，總其事，率所部駐台北，號稱二萬，月給餉糈十萬兩。十三日，日軍迫獅球嶺，景崧未戰而走，文武多逃，逢甲亦挾款以去，或言近十萬云。」\n18. ↑ 《四魂集，魂南集》：「……林朝棟、 楊汝翼、主事邱逢甲皆擁巨資， 棄師潛逃。」\n19. ↑ 《讓臺記》：「……丘逢甲，各領餉銀三個月。楊汝翼拔隊至大甲，聞變逗留不前，乘間逃回福州，將餉銀席捲而去，於勇在臺輾轉無依。」\n20. ↑ 《臺海思痛錄》：「……數月之間，逢甲領去官餉銀十餘萬兩，僅有報成軍一稟而已。」\n21. ↑ 《我的奮鬥史（嶺海微飆）》第68頁\n22. ↑ 《丘逢甲的一生》第2-3頁\n23. ↑ 《丘逢甲先生的生平》第35-39頁\n24. ↑ \"【名人軼事】丘Hông-kah巧對膺榜首 - 人間福報\". Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2020-04-19. 2020-03-25 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource has original works written by or about:***Khu Hông-kah*** |\n\nPang-bô͘:Wikisourceshas\n\n* 連橫，《臺灣通史》\n* 鄭喜夫，《民國丘倉海先生Hông-kah年譜》，台灣商務印書館，1982年版\n* 楊護源，《丘逢甲傳》，臺灣先賢先烈專輯，臺灣省文獻委員會，1997年6月\n* 錢仲聯，《夢苕庵詩話》，齊魯書社，1986年\n* 柳無非等，《柳亞子詩選輯》，人民文學出版社，1959年\n* 丁文江，《梁任公先生年譜長編初稿》，世界出版社，1958年1月\n* 易順鼎，《四魂集，魂南集》\n* 吳德功，《讓臺記》\n* 思痛子，《臺海思痛錄》\n* 丘念台，《我的奮鬥史（嶺海微飆）》，海峽學術出版社 ，2002年5月再版\n* 蔣君章等，《丘逢甲的一生》，中外圖書出版社，1975年11月\n* 郭兆華，《丘逢甲先生的生平》，逢甲工商學院出版，1980年3月\n* 徐博東、黃志平，《丘逢甲傳》，秀威資訊出版，2011年3月再版\n* 司馬嘯青，《東寧才子：丘逢甲》(上下冊套書)，秋雨文化出版，2011年2月\n\nGōa-pō͘ Liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Khu Hông-kah\n* Khu Hông-kah 梅州地情網","meta":{"title":"Khu Hông-kah","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[5326,10814,0.4925097096356575],"infobox":["\n
    Khu Hông-kah
    \n丘逢甲
    \n
    Kò-jîn chu-sìn
    Chhut-sì\n1864 nî 12 goe̍h 26 ji̍t
    \"\" Chheng Hok-kiàn-séng Tâi-oân-hú Tām-chúi-thiaⁿ Biâu-le̍k-pó Tâng-lô-oan
    (taⁿ Biâu-le̍k-koānTâng-lô-hiong Tek-sim-chhun)
    Kòe-sin\n1912 nî 2 goe̍h 25 ji̍t (47 hòe)
    \"Flag Kńg-tang-séng Tìn-pêng-koān (taⁿ Mûi-chiu-chhī Chiau-niá-koān)
    Kok-che̍k\n\"Chheng-kok\" Tāi-chheng Tè-kok (1864 nî 12 goe̍h 26 hō－1911 nî 12 goe̍h 31 hō)
    \"\" Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok (1895)
    \"\" Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok (1912 nî 1 goe̍h 1 hō－1912 nî 2 goe̍h 25 hō)
    Kiáⁿ-jî\nKhu Liām-tâi
    \n
    \n
    Keng-le̍k
    \n\n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":11725}} -{"text":"\n\n**Kiú-ngóo Sian-sī** (hàn-gú: 九五禪寺 (Jiuwu Zen Temple); huān-gú: ९५ जेन् मन्दिर (Jiu-wu Zen Araṇya); Kiú-ngó sên-sī (Киу́-ӈó сêн-сӣ); Gô-gú: Киуго Дзен Храм) khiā-tī Tâi-uân Tâi-pak tshī Sìn-gī khu tshiūnn suann suann-io, siōng-thâu-á sī iû tsi̍t-uī lāu huat-su sóo tshòng-kiàn ê Kiú-ngóo Mâu-pông (九五茅蓬, Sim-lu̍t Sī (心律寺)), Liáu-āu 2021-nî, iû Poo-lí-tìn Uân-thong Sī hun-īnn Huī-iân Siân Sī (Tâi-tiong tshī Bū-hong) tsū-tshî Siông-guān (常願) huat-su tam-jīm Kiú-ngóo Sian Sī tsū-tshî. Thuân-sîng Thiann-king bûn-huat (聽經聞法) kiōng-siu huat-huē ê tsông-lîm (叢林) tō-tiûnn tsok-hong.\n\nThiann-king bûn-huat kiōng-siu huat-huē\n---------------------------------------\n\nKiú-ngóo Sian Sī ê siu-tshî í Thiann-king bûn-huat uî tsú, Kiōng-siu huat-huē uî hú. Uì 2021-nî khai-sí, khai-pān \"thiann-king bûn-huat kiōng-siu huat-huē\" tíng-tíng ê siu-hīng. Í tshî Peh-tsa̍p-peh hu̍t hông-bîng pó-tshàm (八十八佛洪名寶懺), Kiong-ting (供燈), Kiong-hue (供花), Siân-tsō ín-tō (禪坐引導), Pat-tuān kím (八段錦), Tshî tsiù (持咒); í-ki̍p It-ji̍t siân (一日禪), Tsû-pi io̍h-su pó-tshàm (慈悲藥師寶懺), Sam-kui ngóo-kài kiōng-siu (三皈五戒共修) tíng-tíng ê thiann-king bûn-huat kiōng-siu huat-huē ê siu-tshî ua̍h-tāng.\n\nTôo-tsi̍p\n---------\n\n* Kiú-ngó͘ Siân-sī ê Maitreya hu̍t-siōng.Kiú-ngó͘ Siân-sī ê Maitreya hu̍t-siōng.\n* Kiú-ngó͘ Siân-sī ê mn̂g-tiânn.Kiú-ngó͘ Siân-sī ê mn̂g-tiânn.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 象山慶(淨慶),\"虎山\"九五茅棚\"近況\",聯合報blog,2022-06-22.\n2. ↑ \"九五禪寺\", Google search: .\n3. ↑ 淨土門-象山慶,\"九五茅棚\"近況\",VOCUS,2022-06-22.\n4. 1 2 Andreitshua,\"常願法師弟子--小予提供資料\",Line,2024-01-18.\n5. ↑ 淨土門-象山慶,\"虎山\"九五茅棚\"近況\",,matters.town,2022-06-23],淨土門-象山慶 的創作空間站 - Matters.2022-06-23.\n6. ↑ Andreitshua,\"常願法師參訪\",臺北象山九五禪寺,2024-01-13.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Eighty-eight Buddhas Great Repentance Text\n* Cundi (Buddhism)\n* Nīlakaṇṭha Dhāraṇī\n* Sāgara-nāga-rāja-paripṛcchā\n* Saddharmasmṛty-upasthāna sūtra\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 《常願法師》佛法實修 (Hàn-gí)\n* 常願法師--智慧城 ê Facebook choan-ia̍h (Hàn-gí)\n* \"九五茅棚\"近況 (Hàn-gí)\n* 正覺精舍 (Hàn-gí)\n* YouTube YouTube téng ê **常願法師開示: 2021.12.12 《慧緣禪寺－聞法禪淨雙修》-八段錦** ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Kiú-ngó͘ Siân-sī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1081,2271,0.4760017613386173],"infobox":["
    Kiú-ngóo Sian Sī
    (Jiuwu Zen Temple)
    \n
    Kiú-ngóo Sian-sī tsiân-kíng
    Chong-kàu
    Chong-kàu\nHu̍t-kàu
    Só͘-chāi
    Só͘-chāi\n110 Tâi-uân Tâi-pak tshī Sìn-gī khu Hok-tik ke 221-hāng 246-hō
    Kiàn-tio̍k
    Lūi-hêng\nHu̍t-sī
    Oân-kang\nGuân-sian kiò-tsò Kiú-ngóo mâu-pông (九五茅蓬),
    2021-nî khai-sí kiò-tsò Kiú-ngó͘ Siân Sī
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2430}} -{"text":"**Siong-tùi-chú-gī** (相對主義) pēng m̄-sī chi̍t ê tan-it ê ha̍k-soat, sī chi̍t hē-lia̍t ê koan-tiám. In kiōng-tông ê chú-tê sī keng-giām, su-sióng, kè-ta̍t sīm-chì sī si̍t-chāi lāi-té ê chi̍t-koá chú-iàu hong-bīn chóng-sī siong-tùi kî-thaⁿ mi̍h-kiāⁿ lâi sêng-li̍p ê, tāns-ī goân-in pēng bô chheng-chhó. Pí-lūn kóng, chèng-tong lí-iû, tō-tek thui-chhek ia̍h-sī chin-lí ê piau-chún ū-sî-á sī siong-tùi giân-gú, bûn-hoà ia̍h seng-bu̍t kò͘-sêng ê. Tō-sǹg siong-tùi-chú-gī ê su-sióng hē-thóng tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ē thui-ián chhut kî-kî-koài-koài ê kiat-lūn, tān-sī chia-ê kiat-lūn lāi chóng-sī ū tam-po̍h-á khip-ín-lâng ê só͘-chāi, só͘-í hō͘ chē-chē pōe-kéng kî-koài ê su-sióng-ka chhi-bê.\n\nSiong-tùi-chú-gī oa̍h-beh piàn-ki̍p múi-chi̍t ê tiat-ha̍k léng-he̍k. Biâu-su̍t-sèng ê siong-tùi-chú-gī ê chē-chē pán-pún chiū sia̍p-ki̍p tio̍h siā-hōe kho-ha̍k ê chi̍t-koá tiat-ha̍k būn-tê, chhin-chhiūⁿ tùi ī-cho̍k bûn-hoà ia̍h iâu-oán le̍k-sú sî-tāi ê lí-kái kap kái-soeh. Kî-thaⁿ pán-pún ê siong-tùi-chú-gī sia̍p-ki̍p tio̍h koan-î cheng-sîn lōe-iông ê tiat-ha̍k būn-tê. Iáu-koh ū chi̍t-koá pán-pún ê siong-tùi-chú-gī sia̍p-ki̍p tio̍h kho-ha̍k tiat-ha̍k, chhin-chhiūⁿ khài-liām piàn-hoà hām put-khó-thong-iok-sèng.\n\nSiong-tùi-chú-gī ê ōe-tê mā thoàⁿ-khui chì tiat-ha̍k léng-he̍k chi-goā; chhin-chhiūⁿ tō-tek siong-tùi-chú-gī ê chi̍t-koá pán-pún sīm-chì ui-hia̍p tio̍h lán tùi piau-chún kap kè-ta̍t ê khoàⁿ-hoat, pēng thàu-kòe che ui-hia̍p tio̍h siā-hōe kap hoat-lu̍t chè-tō͘. Ū-lâng kóng chin-lí ia̍h lí-iû ke-kiám mā sī siong-tùi ê, nā-sī chit khoán khoàⁿ-hoat sī chèng-khak ê ōe, he chiū ē tùi kheh-koan-sèng, tì-sek kap tì-le̍k hoat-tián téng-téng siōng-kài ki-pún ê būn-tê sán-seng kī-tāi ê éng-hióng.\n\nSiong-tùi-chú-gī tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ùi chi̍t-koá bô-lâng chit-gî ê só͘-chāi khai-sí, chhin-chhiūⁿ \"lán lońg sī chi̍t-koá chāi bûn-hoà kap le̍k-sú bó͘ chi̍t ê kai-toāⁿ téng-bīn ê seng-bu̍t\", ia̍h-sī \"chéng-tong lí-iû bô-khó-lêng éng-oán chèng-tong\"; ia̍h-sī \"nā-sī lán bô-hoat-tō͘ iōng giân-gú kau-tâm\"; ia̍h-sī \"lán bōe-tàng bô iōng khài-liām lâi su-sióng\" téng-téng. Chòe-āu tit-tio̍h chi̍t-koá bô-hoat-tō͘ siong-sìn koh chêng-āu mâu-tùn ê kiat-lūn.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Kheh-koan-chú-gī\n* Chú-koan-chú-gī\n* Tō-tek siong-tùi-chú-gī","meta":{"title":"Siong-tùi-chú-gī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[62,2290,0.027074235807860263],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2599}} -{"text":"Chhoà A-sìn\n**Chhòa A-sìn** (蔡阿信; 1899 nî 12 goe̍h 13 ji̍t – 1990 nî 3 goe̍h 5 ji̍t), Tâi-ôan tē-it-ê cha-bó͘ i-seng. I sêng-li̍p Tâi-ôan tē-it-keng sán-pô ha̍k-hāu--Chheng-sìn (清信) Sán-pô Ha̍k-hāu.\n\nTī 2005 nî Tâi-oân Bîn-sī tiān-sī-tâi pò-chhut iû Chheⁿ-phōng-kó kong-si kin-kù *Lōng-tô-soa* chit pún siáu-soat kái-pian oân-sêng ê liân-sio̍k-kio̍k.\n\nKeng-le̍k\n---------\n\nChhoà A-sìn ùi Sin-tek chhut-sì, hit-tong-sî sī 1899 nî, Ji̍t-pún teh thóng-tī Tâi-oân ê sî-kî. In lāu-pē tī i 5 hòe ê sî-chūn kòe-sin, āu-lâi, in lāu-bó tō kah i sàng khì Tōa-liông-pōng hō͘ chi̍t-ūi bo̍k-su chò sim-pū-á chhī. M̄-koh bóe-á, i ka-kī soah cháu tńg--khì Báng-kah in tau. Lâi-hôe chit-khoán chêng-hêng hoat-seng nn̄g-pái liáu-āu, lâng mā bô-ài koh kah chhī, i tō chiông-án-ne poaⁿ tńg--khì Báng-kah, lâu tī in lāu-bó sin-piⁿ.\n\nJiân-āu, A-sìn in lāu-bó koh kè-lâng, chit-ê āu-chek chin thiàⁿ A-sìn, khòaⁿ in lāu-bó kah i pa̍k-kha, hāi i thiàⁿ kah ai-ai-kiò, in āu-chek tō kah in lāu-bó tòng, kóng mài koh kè-siok kah i pa̍k-kha.\n\nChheng-sìn Hū-jîn-kho I-īⁿ chio-seng kóng-kò (1930)\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* 興南新聞社 (1943) 臺灣人士鑑.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Tâi-ôan i-liâu-sú sò͘-ūi phok-bū-kóan Archived 2005-02-26 at the Wayback Machine. lāi ê Chhòa A-sìn siàu-kài.\n* Dr. A-Sin Tsai Archived 2011-07-08 at the Wayback Machine.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 316458743\n* NCL: 000011476\n\n |\n\n |\n\n1. ↑","meta":{"title":"Chhòa A-sìn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[250,1306,0.19142419601837674],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1645}} -{"text":"**ACS Nano** sī tsi̍t-hūn tông-hâng pîng-sím ê kho-ha̍k gue̍h-khan, iû Bí-kok huà-ha̍k ha̍k-huē (American Chemical Society) tī 2007-nî 8-gue̍h thâu-pái tshut-pán. Hiān-tsú-sî ê tsú-pian sī Tîn Hiáu-tong (Lâm-iông Lí-kang Tāi-ha̍k (Nanyang Technological University)). ACS Nano tsit-ê kî-khan huat-piáu guân-sí ê gián-kiù bûn-tsiong, pîng-lūn, kuan-tiám, kia̍t-tshut gián-kiù jîn-uân ê hóng-tâm, í-ki̍ptuì nano khok-hak kap nano ki-su̍t bī-lâi ê khàn-huat.\n\nHuān-uî\n-------\n\nACS Nano ê tsiau-tiám sī nano kiat-kòo, nano ki-su̍t, nano tsè-tsō, tsū tsóo-tsong, nano kho-ha̍k hong-huat kap nano ki-su̍t hong-huat ê ha̍p-sîng, tsóo-tsong, ti̍k-ting, lí-lūn kap bôo-gí. Tsiau-tiám iah-koh pau-kuat nano kho-ha̍k hām nano ki-su̍t gián-kiù – i-ê pau-kuat huà-ha̍k, sing-bu̍t-ha̍k, bu̍t-lí-ha̍k, í-ki̍p kang-tîng-ha̍k.\n\nTik-iau hām sik-ín\n------------------\n\nACS Nano teh hā-lia̍t tsu-liāu-khòo lāi-té ū kiàn-li̍p sik-ín:\n\n* Chemical Abstracts Service – CASS\n* Chemistry Citation Index\n* Current Contents – Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences\n* Materials Science Citation Index\n* Science Citation Index\n\nScopus\n\n* MEDLINE/PubMed\n* Nature Index\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 \"Home page\". *ACS Nano*. American Chemical Society. August 2010. 2010-08-13 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. 1 2 3 \"About the journal\". *ACS Nano*. American Chemical Society. August 2010. 2010-08-13 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. 1 2 \"CAS Source Index (CASSI)\". American Chemical Society. August 2010. 2008-10-20 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"Chemical Citation Index\". Thomson Reuters. August 2010. 2010-08-13 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"Master Journal List\". Thomson Reuters. August 2010. 2010-08-13 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ \"Materials Science Citation Index\". Thomson Reuters. August 2010. 2010-08-13 khòaⁿ--ê.\n7. ↑ \"Revisions to the Nature Index\".\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Nanolithography\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām","meta":{"title":"ACS Nano","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[720,1620,0.4444444444444444],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1970}} -{"text":"\nKharkiv Chū-iû Kóng-tiûⁿ\n**Kharkiv (**Ukraina-gí: Харків [ˈxɑrkiu̯]; Lō͘-se-a-gí: Харьков [ˈxarʲkəf]) sī ūi-tī Ukraina tē-jī tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī, ūi-tī tang-pak-pō͘, lī Lō͘-se-a kok-kài 30 kong-lí. Kharkiv mā sī thoân-thóng tē-lí-khu Sloboda Ukraine ê hú-siâⁿ, í-ki̍p Kharkiv Chiu kap Kharkiv Khu ê hêng-chèng tiong-sim. Jîn-kháu 140 bān lâng.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n1890 nî-tāi ê Kharkiv\n17 sè-kí tiong-sûn, Ukraina Cossack lâng tī chia kiàn-li̍p to͘-chhī. \n\n### Lō͘-se-a Tè-kok\n\n1708 nî Pёtr 1-sè si̍t-si hêng-chèng kái-kek, Kharikiv tē-khu la̍p-ji̍p Kyiv Séng. Kharkiv is specifically mentioned as one of the towns making a part of the governorate. In 1727, Belgorod Governorate was split off, and Kharkiv moved to Belgorod Governorate. It was the center of a separate administrative unit, Kharkiv Sloboda Cossack regiment. The regiment at some point was detached from Belgorod Governorate, then attached to it again, until in 1765, Sloboda Ukraine Governorate was established with the seat in Kharkiv.\n\nKharkiv Tāi-ha̍k 1805 nî tī Governorate-General chhòng-hāu.\n\n### So͘-liân sî-tāi\n\nSo͘-liân sî-tāi chho͘-kî, Bolshevik kā Kharkiv tòng-chò Ukraina Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok ê siú-to͘ (1917-1934), beh tùi-khòng ūi-tī Kiev ê Ukraina Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok.\n\n1930 nî\n\n1940 nî 4 goe̍h káu 5 goe̍h, 3,800 ê Starobilsk chi̍p-tiong-iâⁿ ê Pho-lân siû-hoān tī Kharkiv pì-bi̍t kéng-chhat tōa-lâu lāi-té hŏng chhú-koat, jiân-āu hŏng tâi tī Pyatykhatky chhiū-nâ llāi, chē sī Katyn thô͘-sat ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Hit ê só͘-chāi koh ū tâi chiok chē 1937 káu 1938 nî Tāi-siok-chheng tiong ê Ukraina siū-hāi-chiá ê si-thé.\n\n### Nazi Tek-kok Chiàm-niá\n\nTē-jī chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn ê sî, Nazi Tek-kok ji̍p-chhim So͘-liân ê Ukraina, Tek-kun kiau So͘-kun tī Kharkiv sio-chiàn 4 pái, thóng-chheng Kharkiv Chiàn-e̍k. 1941 nî káu 1945 nî chi-kan, Kharkiv kúi-nā pái hō͘ Tek-kok chiàm-niá. \n\n1941 nî káu 1942 nî, 15,000 ê Iû-thài-lâng hō͘ Tek-kok-lâng thâi-sí, bâi-chòng tī Drobytsky Yar ê chhim-kok .\n\n2022 nî 2 goe̍h 24, Lō͘-se-a kun-tūi ji̍p-chhim Ukraina, Kharkiv pō͘-hūn tē-khu siū-tio̍h hui-tôaⁿ kong-kek.\n\nTē-lí kap Khì-hāu\n-----------------\n\nKhairkiv tī Ukraina ê tang-pak-pō͘, Kharkiv Hô, Lopan Hô, Udy Hô saⁿ tiâu khe ê kàu-hōe-chhù. Khairkiv sio̍k-tī tâm-lūn tāi-lio̍k-sèng khì-hāu, kôaⁿ-thiⁿ chheⁿ-léng, ē lo̍h-seh, joa̍h-thiⁿ iām-joa̍h. 1 goe̍h pêⁿ-kun un-tō͘ Liap-sī -4.6 tō͘, 7 goe̍h pêⁿ-kun un-tō͘ Liap-sī 20.3 tō͘. Nî-kun hō͘-liōng 513 mm, hō͘-kùi chú-iàu sī 6 goe̍h, 7 goe̍h.\n\n| Khì-hāu chu-liāu: Kharkiv (pêng-kun sò͘-kì 1981−2010 nî, ke̍k-toan sò͘-kì 1936 nî kàu-taⁿ) |\n| --- |\n| Goe̍h-hūn | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Nî pêng-kin |\n| Kì-lio̍k ko-un °C (°F) | 11.1 | 14.6 | 21.8 | 30.5 | 34.5 | 39.8 | 38.4 | 39.8 | 34.5 | 29.3 | 20.3 | 13.4 | 39.8 |\n| Pêng-kin ko-un °C (°F) | -2.2 | -1.6 | 4.3 | 14.0 | 20.8 | 24.3 | 26.4 | 25.7 | 19.4 | 12.0 | 3.6 | -1.1 | 12.1 |\n| Ji̍t pêng-kin °C (°F) | -4.6 | -4.5 | 0.7 | 9.2 | 15.5 | 19.2 | 21.3 | 20.3 | 14.4 | 7.9 | 0.9 | -3.5 | 8.1 |\n| Pêng-kin kē-un °C (°F) | -7.0 | -7.3 | -2.4 | 4.6 | 10.3 | 14.2 | 16.2 | 14.9 | 9.8 | 4.3 | -1.5 | -5.9 | 4.2 |\n| Kì-lio̍k kē-un °C (°F) | -35.6 | -29.8 | -32.2 | -11.4 | -1.9 | 2.2 | 5.7 | 2.2 | -2.9 | -9.1 | -20.9 | -30.8 | −35.6 |\n| Kàng-chúi mm (in) | 36.4 | 33.3 | 32.7 | 33.8 | 50.2 | 61.2 | 60.1 | 41.8 | 46.5 | 44.5 | 42.9 | 35.9 | 519.3\nPang-bô͘:Infobox weather/oneline |\n| Pêng-kin lo̍h-hō͘ ji̍t-sò͘ | 10 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 143 |\n| Pêng-kin lo̍h-seh ji̍t-sò͘ | 19 | 18 | 12 | 2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 2 | 9 | 18 | 80 |\n| Ji̍t-chiò sî-sò͘ | 41.5 | 63.3 | 123.5 | 166.7 | 252.9 | 266.6 | 278.0 | 262.4 | 176.6 | 112.8 | 51.0 | 31.4 | 1,826.7 |\n| *Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net* |\n| *Source #2: Sè-kài Khì-siōng Cho͘-chit* |\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\nKharkiv sī Ukraina kok-lāi chú-iàu ê bûn-hòa siâⁿ-chhī chi-it. Tī chia ū 20 ê phok-bu̍t-koán, chhiau-kòe 10 ê hì-īⁿ, koh mā ū chin-chē bí-su̍t-koán. Sî-siông lóng ū tōa-hêng ê im-ga̍k kap tiān-iáⁿ siong-koan ê oa̍h-tāng tū chia kú-hêng.\n\nKau-thong\n---------\n\nKharkiv sī Ukraina siōng tōa ê chóng-lō͘-thâu chi it, hâng-khong, thih-lō͘, kong-lō͘ kau-thong.\n\n### Chāi-tē kau-thong\n\nKharkiv chia̍t-ūn chū 1975 nî khai-sí, bo̍k-chêng ū 3 tiâu lō͘-sòaⁿ, 30 ê chhia-chām. Kharkiv chhī-lāi mā ū kong-chhia, trolleybus, tram, kap marshrutka.\n\n### Thih-lō͘\n\nKharkiv ê tē-it tiâu thih-ki-lō͘ 1869 nî thong-chhia, túi Kursk khí-thâu, sái káu Azov. 1901 nî Kharkiv Chhia-thâu, tān-sī tī Jī-chiàn tiong hŏng phah-pháiⁿ. Bo̍k-chêng khòaⁿ-tio̍h ê chām-thé khí tī 1952 nî. Kharkiv.\n\n### Hâng-khong\n\nKharkiv Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ sī Kharkiv siōng tōa ê ki-tiûⁿ, i ê tēng-kî kok-chè hâng-sòaⁿ ū kàu Berlin, Wien, Warszawa, Bratislava, Baku, Istanbul téng-téng só͘-chāi, mā ū kùi-chiat-sèng hâng-pan kap pau-ki. Chá-chêng Kharkiv ū hâng-khong kong-si Aeromist-Kharkiv, tān-sī i tī 2007 nî tò-khí. Kharkiv Pak Ki-tiûⁿ ū Antonov kong-si ê poe-lêng-ki kang-tiûⁿ.\n\nChí-mōe siâⁿ-chhī\n-----------------\n\nKharkiv kap í-hā siâⁿ-chhī chí-mōe siâⁿ-chhī：\n\n* Belgorod, Lō͘-se-a (2001)\n* Bologna, Italia (1966)\n* Brno, Chesko (2005)\n* Cetinje, Montenegro (2011)\n* Cincinnati, Ohio, Bí-kok (1989)\n* Daejeon Kóng-he̍k-chhī, Tāi-hân Bîn-kok (2013)\n* Daugavpils, Latvia (2006)\n* Gaziantep, Thó͘-ní-kî (2011)\n* Geroskipou, Ku-pí-lō͘ (2018)\n* Chè-lâm-chhī, Tiong-kok (2004)\n* Kaunas, Lietuva (2001)\n* Kutaisi, Gruzia (2005)\n* Lille, Hoat-kok (1978)\n* Maribor, Slovenia (2012)\n* Moscow, Lô͘-se-a (2001)\n* Nizhny Novgorod, Lō͘-se-a (2001)\n* Novosibirsk, Lō͘-se-a (2011)\n* Nuremberg, Tek-kok (1990)\n* Polis, Ku-pí-lō͘ (2018)\n* Poznań, Pho-lân (1998)\n* Rishon LeZion, Í-sek-lia̍t (2008)\n* Saint Petersburg, Lō͘-se-a (2003)\n* Tbilisi, Gruzia (2012)\n* Tianjin, Tiong-kok (1993)\n* Tirana, Albania (2017)\n* Trnava, Slovakia (2013)\n* Varna, Bulgaria (1995)\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ \"History\" (Ukraina-gí). Kharkiv Chiu Chèng-hú. 2021/3/1 cha-sûn .\n2. ↑ Colin Burgess and Rex Hall (2009). The First Soviet Cosmonaut Team: Their Lives and Legacies. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 36\n3. ↑ \"‘Horrendous’ rocket attack kills civilians in Kharkiv as Moscow ‘adapts its tactics’\" (Eng-gí) *The Guadrian*. 1 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.\n4. ↑ \"Weather and Climate - The Climate of Kharkiv\" (ēng Lō͘-se-a-gí). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2015-07-13. 13 December 2019 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010\". World Meteorological Organization. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2021-07-17. 18 July 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Kharkiv","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2700,6176,0.4371761658031088],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Kharkiv
    Харків (Ukraina-gí)
    Харьков (Lō͘-se-a-gí)
    \n

    \n
    \n\n\n\n
    \"Kharkiv
    Kî-á    		 \"Kharkiv
    Hui-kì
    \n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 50°0′16″N 36°13′53″E / 50.00444°N 36.23139°E / 50.00444; 36.23139
    Kok-ka\n \"\" Ukraina\n
    Chiu\n Kharkiv Chiu\n
    Khu\n\t\tKharkiv Khu\n\t
    Kián-siâⁿ sî-kan1654 nî
    Chèng-hú
     - Chhī-tiúⁿ\n\t\tHennadiy Kernes
    Bīn-chek
     - Chhī-khu\n\t\t350 km2
    Koân-tō͘ \n152 m
    Jîn-kháu (2021年)
     - Chhī-khu1,433,886 lâng
     - Bi̍t-tō͘\n4,500/km2
     - To͘-chhī-khian2,032,400
    Sî-khuEET (UTC+2)\n\t
     - Jo̍at--lângEEST (UTC+3)
    Iû-piān hō-bé61001—61499\n\t
    Chhia-pâi hō-béAX, KX, ХА (kū ·ê), 21 (kū ·ê)
    Bāng-chām
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7087}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (清稗類鈔), pit-kì sió-suat, Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn ê uī-pian (彙編); 由 Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), (仲玉), Tiong-kokTsik Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū (光緒) nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái (袁世凱) ê bo̍k-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" (上海商務印書館) ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í以 \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**清稗類鈔** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[195,819,0.23809523809523808],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1003}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (清稗類鈔), pit-kì sió-suat, Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn ê uī-pian (彙編); 由 Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), (仲玉), Tiong-kokTsik Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū (光緒) nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái (袁世凱) ê bo̍k-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" (上海商務印書館) ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í以 \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**清稗類鈔** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[195,819,0.23809523809523808],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1003}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (清稗類鈔), pit-kì sió-suat, Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn ê uī-pian (彙編); 由 Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), (仲玉), Tiong-kokTsik Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū (光緒) nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái (袁世凱) ê bo̍k-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" (上海商務印書館) ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í以 \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**清稗類鈔** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[195,819,0.23809523809523808],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1003}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (清稗類鈔), pit-kì sió-suat, Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn ê uī-pian (彙編); 由 Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), (仲玉), Tiong-kokTsik Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū (光緒) nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái (袁世凱) ê bo̍k-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" (上海商務印書館) ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í以 \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**清稗類鈔** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[195,819,0.23809523809523808],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1003}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (清稗類鈔), pit-kì sió-suat, Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn ê uī-pian (彙編); 由 Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), (仲玉), Tiong-kokTsik Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū (光緒) nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái (袁世凱) ê bo̍k-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" (上海商務印書館) ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í以 \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**清稗類鈔** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[195,819,0.23809523809523808],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1003}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (清稗類鈔), pit-kì sió-suat, Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn ê uī-pian (彙編); 由 Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), (仲玉), Tiong-kokTsik Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū (光緒) nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái (袁世凱) ê bo̍k-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" (上海商務印書館) ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í以 \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**清稗類鈔** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[195,819,0.23809523809523808],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1003}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (清稗類鈔), pit-kì sió-suat, Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn ê uī-pian (彙編); 由 Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), (仲玉), Tiong-kokTsik Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū (光緒) nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái (袁世凱) ê bo̍k-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" (上海商務印書館) ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í以 \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**清稗類鈔** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[195,819,0.23809523809523808],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1003}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (清稗類鈔), pit-kì sió-suat, Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn ê uī-pian (彙編); 由 Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), (仲玉), Tiong-kokTsik Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū (光緒) nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái (袁世凱) ê bo̍k-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" (上海商務印書館) ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í以 \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**清稗類鈔** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[195,819,0.23809523809523808],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1003}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (清稗類鈔), pit-kì sió-suat, Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn ê uī-pian (彙編); 由 Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), (仲玉), Tiong-kokTsik Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū (光緒) nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái (袁世凱) ê bo̍k-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" (上海商務印書館) ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í以 \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**清稗類鈔** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[195,819,0.23809523809523808],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1003}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (清稗類鈔), pit-kì sió-suat, Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn ê uī-pian (彙編); 由 Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), (仲玉), Tiong-kokTsik Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū (光緒) nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái (袁世凱) ê bo̍k-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" (上海商務印書館) ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í以 \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**清稗類鈔** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[195,819,0.23809523809523808],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1003}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (清稗類鈔), pit-kì sió-suat, Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn ê uī-pian (彙編); 由 Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), (仲玉), Tiong-kokTsik Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū (光緒) nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái (袁世凱) ê bo̍k-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" (上海商務印書館) ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í以 \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**清稗類鈔** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[195,819,0.23809523809523808],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1003}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (清稗類鈔), pit-kì sió-suat, Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn ê uī-pian (彙編); 由 Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), (仲玉), Tiong-kokTsik Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū (光緒) nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái (袁世凱) ê bo̍k-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" (上海商務印書館) ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í以 \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**清稗類鈔** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[195,819,0.23809523809523808],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1003}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (清稗類鈔), pit-kì sió-suat, Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn ê uī-pian (彙編); 由 Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), (仲玉), Tiong-kokTsik Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū (光緒) nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái (袁世凱) ê bo̍k-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" (上海商務印書館) ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í以 \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**清稗類鈔** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[195,819,0.23809523809523808],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1003}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (清稗類鈔), pit-kì sió-suat, Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn ê uī-pian (彙編); 由 Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), (仲玉), Tiong-kokTsik Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū (光緒) nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái (袁世凱) ê bo̍k-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" (上海商務印書館) ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í以 \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**清稗類鈔** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[195,819,0.23809523809523808],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1003}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (清稗類鈔), pit-kì sió-suat, Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn ê uī-pian (彙編); 由 Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), (仲玉), Tiong-kokTsik Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū (光緒) nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái (袁世凱) ê bo̍k-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" (上海商務印書館) ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í以 \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**清稗類鈔** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[195,819,0.23809523809523808],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1003}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (清稗類鈔), pit-kì sió-suat, Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn ê uī-pian (彙編); 由 Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), (仲玉), Tiong-kokTsik Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū (光緒) nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái (袁世凱) ê bo̍k-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" (上海商務印書館) ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í以 \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**清稗類鈔** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[195,819,0.23809523809523808],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1003}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (清稗類鈔), pit-kì sió-suat, Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn ê uī-pian (彙編); 由 Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), (仲玉), Tiong-kokTsik Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū (光緒) nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái (袁世凱) ê bo̍k-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" (上海商務印書館) ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í以 \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**清稗類鈔** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[195,819,0.23809523809523808],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1003}} -{"text":"\n**Sin-káng bûn-su** (新港文書) chí hiān-chāi Tâi-oân Tâi-lâm hit tah ê pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k siā-kûn só͘ lâu--lo̍h-lâi ê thó͘-tē sòe--lâng, bé-bē, chioh-chîⁿ chit hong-bīn ê khè-iok bûn-su, Hàn-jîn bîn-kan kiò hō-chò **hoan-á-khè** (番仔契). Tùi bûn-su só͘ sú-iōng ê gí-giân lâi khoàⁿ, ū kan-na iōng Lô-má-jī phèng-im su-siá ê Pêⁿ-po͘-oē tan-gí bûn-su, oân-á ū Hàn-gí, Pêⁿ-po͘-oē tùi-chiò ê siang-gí bûn-su. Taⁿ iok-lio̍k ū 140-gōa-kiāⁿ ū pó-chûn. Sui-jiân sī gián-kiù Pêⁿ-po͘ bûn-hòa, Tâi-oân chá-chêng le̍k-sú ê tin-kùi châi-liāu, put-jî-kò in-ūi Sin-káng-gí sit-thoân, taⁿ bián-kióng ū châi-tiāu kái-tha̍k ê ha̍k-chiá bô kúi-ê-á.\n\nLe̍k-sú pōe-kéng\n----------------\n\nSó͘-kóng ê Sin-káng-gí sī teh chí kin-á-ji̍t Tâi-lâm tē-tài ê Siraya-cho̍k goân-chū-bîn in sú-iōng ê oē-gí. Tī Liân-ha̍p Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si (*Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie*, VOC) thóng-tī Tâi-oân chit toāⁿ sî-kan (1624 nî - 1662 nî), Hô-lân (?) soan-kàu-su ūi beh thoân-kàu kiam sak chèng-tī sū-bū, m̄-nā chhin-sin ha̍k-si̍p chāi-tē gí-giân, mā lī-iōng Lô-má-jī pian Lâm-tó-gí ê sû-tián, jî-chhiáⁿ iōng Lô-má-jī kà-sī tong-tē ê Pêⁿ-po͘-á o̍h siá ka-kī ê gí-giân.\n\nTī 1625 hit nî, koán-hat Tâi-oân ê hêng-chèng-koaⁿ Maarten Sonck iau-kiû Hô-lân (?) bó-kok chhe-phài 2~3 ê ū châi-tiāu tha̍k-keng,kà-sī goân-chū-bîn ê soan-kàu-su lâi Tâi. Thâu-1-phoe phài--lâi ê lâng soah sī bô koân pān sé-lé ê thàm-hóng thoân-tō. Kàu-kah 1627 nî 6-goe̍h chiah ū tē-1-ê chiàⁿ-káng ê kàu-khu bo̍k-su Georgius Candidius (Kan-tī-sū, 干治士) kàu Tâi-oân, liáu-āu chiah chèng-sek khai-sí Kē-tē-kok tiàm Tâi-oân ê thoân-kàu sū-gia̍p. Thâu-khí-seng tī Sin-káng-siā chhì pān; in tī 1630 nî kui-tīn piáu-sī goān-ì chiap-siū Ki-tok-kàu sìn-gióng.\n\n1636 nî Hô-lân-lâng tī Sin-káng khui-pān tē-1-keng ha̍k-hāu. Chit keng ha̍k-hāu m̄-nā chiong chong-kàu kàu-io̍k chè-tō͘-hòa, mā ín-ji̍p Se-hng-sek ê tha̍k-siá hùn-liān. Kē-tē-kok kiâⁿ kui-chèng ê Sin-kàu, chú-tiuⁿ iōng tē-hng ê kháu-gí thoân-kàu, só͘-í Sin-káng-gí sī hāu-lāi ê kàu-ha̍k gí-giân. Tû-liáu iōng Latin jī-bó chiong kháu-gí siá--lo̍h-lâi í-gōa, siâng-sî ia̍h pian-chi̍p kàu-gī būn-tap, kî-tó bûn téng-téng chò kàu-châi. Soan-kàu-su Robertus Junius tī 1643 nî ê kàu-io̍k pò-kò kì-chài kóng: Sin-káng ha̍k-hāu í-keng ū 80-ūi ha̍k-seng, kî-tiong ū 24-ê tng teh o̍h siá-jī, tāi-iok ū 8 ê, 10 ê lâng ē-hiáu su-siá chéng-chê ê jī; ah hū-kīn ê Baccaluan (目加留灣) ha̍k-hāu 90 ê ha̍k-seng tang-tiong, oân-á ū 8 ê ē-hiáu siá.\n\nChit-kóa-á phài-chù tī Tâi-oân ê soan-kàu-su tû-liáu thoân-kàu í-gōa, mā pian-chi̍p kok-chióng ê sû-tián, kàu-gī-su, khó-pí kóng Sin-káng-gí ê Má-thài Hok-im-su, Favorlang sû-lūi, téng-téng, āu--lâi chiâⁿ-chò ha̍k-chiá gián-kiù Goân-chū-bîn-gí ê kin-kì.\n\nKē-tē-lâng thóng-tī Tâi-oân chiah 38 tang nā-niā, chóng-sī tùi Tâi-oân bûn-hòa ê hoat-tián ū siong-tong ê éng-hióng. Chhin-chhiūⁿ Sin-káng-bûn-su lâi kóng, hiān-chú-sî khoàⁿ-ē-tio̍h siāng boán-kî ê bûn-su, sī tī 1813 nî oân-sêng ê -- lî Kē-tē-lâng lī-khui Tâi-oân (1662 nî) to-iā chhiau-kòe 150 tang ah, iû-goân ū lâng chiap-sòa iōng hit thò lô-má-jī lâi chìn-hêng khè-iok bûn-su ê khang-khòe.\n\nSin-káng-bûn-su ê iû-lâi\n------------------------\n\n1928 nî Tâi-pak Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k chèng-sek sêng-li̍p, ē-pêng ū siat Gí-giân-ha̍k Gián-kiù-sek. Tī hia ê ha̍k-chiá Ogawa Naoyosi (小川尚義) bô jōa-kú tō tī Tâi-lâm Sin-káng-siā hit tài chhái-chi̍p kó͘-bûn-su, kau hō͘ Murakami Naojirô (村上直次郎) chéng-lí chhut-pán, chheh-miâ hō-chò *Sin-káng-bûn-su: Sinkan Manuscripts* (1933). Chit pún chu siu-lio̍k 109 kiāⁿ thó͘-tē khè-iok-su, kî-tiong ū 87 kiāⁿ sī Sin-káng-siā--ê, pau-koah 21 kiāⁿ sī Hàn-Hoan tùi-e̍k. Iū-koh ū Toh-hô͘-siā (卓猴社) 3 kiāⁿ, Mattau (麻豆社, Môa-tāu-siā) 16 kiāⁿ, Tōa-bú-lâng-siā (大武壟社) 1 kiāⁿ, Ē-tām-chúi-siā (下淡水社) 1 kiāⁿ, Cattia (茄藤社) 1 kiāⁿ. Lūn nî-hūn, siāng chá--ê sī 1683 nî ê 1 kiāⁿ Mattau (麻豆) bûn-su; siāng oàⁿ--ê sī tē-21-hō ê Sin-káng bûn-su (1813 nî).\n\nKái-tha̍k Sin-káng Bûn-su\n-------------------------\n\nSin-káng-bûn-su ê kái-tho̍k m̄-nā tùi gí-giân-ha̍k ê ha̍k-būn ū pang-chō͘, tùi liáu-kái Pêⁿ-po͘-á cho̍k-kûn, le̍k-sú, siā-hōe iā ū chiâⁿ tōa ê kòng-hiàn. Chóng--sī, sui-jiân kóng Murakami tī 1933 nî tō chiong *Sin-káng Bûn-su* khan-hêng--chhut-lâi, hit pún chheh chhut-pán liáu-āu, soah chió lâng liâu-lo̍h-khì chò kái-tha̍k ê khang-khòe, it-poaⁿ mā lia̍h-chún bô kái-tha̍k ê hoat-tō͘. Chêng-kàu-taⁿ bat ū Murakami, Ogawa, Ong Ka-im téng-jîn chhì-tha̍k--kòe, kî-tiong Ong Ka-im sǹg bat siāng chē sû-lūi.\n\nKái-tha̍k Sin-káng-bûn-su ū 2 chióng pān-hoat. Chi̍t-ê sī lī-iōng hiān-chûn ê Sin-káng-oē sû-lūi chi̍p, chhin-chhiūⁿ *Vocabulary of the Formosan Language: Compiled from the Utrecht Manuscripts* chit hūn chu-liāu lóng-chóng khioh 1070 tiâu sû (Murakami ê tù-chok oân-á ū siu, jî-chhiáⁿ kah Eng-bûn soat-bêng). Lēng-gōa 1 hūn chu-liāu sī Chheng-tāi tē-hng-chì *Chu-lô-koān-chì* (諸羅縣志) tē-8-kńg \"Hong-sio̍k-chì, Hoan-sio̍k-khó, Hong-giân\" (風俗志‧番俗考‧方言), iok-lio̍k khioh 250 sû. Tē-2-pō͘ sī lī-iōng siang-gí tùi-chiò ê bûn-su kái-tha̍k; sui-bóng bô lóng sī ti̍t-e̍k ê oē-kù, iá-sī tha̍k-ū--tām-po̍h-á.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* Murakami Naojirô. 1933. *Sin-káng Bûn-su (Sinkan Manuscripts)*. Tâi-pak: Tâi-pak Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k Bûn-chèng-ha̍k-pō͘.\n* 胡家瑜, 2000, 古文書與平埔研究：臺大人類學系平埔古文書的蒐集與再現 [online]. Tâi-pak: Kok-ka Tô͘-si-koán Hàn-o̍h Gián-kiù Tiong-sim. [2004 nî 11 goe̍h 8 ín-iōng] Archived 2020-12-02 at the Wayback Machine..\n* 林沉默, 2003, 台南縣地方唸謠 [online]。Tâi-pak: Sin Tâi-oân Chiu-khan. [Tī 2004 nî 10-goe̍h 25 ín-iōng]. Archived 2004-05-15 at the Wayback Machine..\n* Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Pêⁿ-po͘ Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn-bāng, nd, a, 新港文書 [online]. Tâi-pak: Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Pêⁿ-po͘ Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn-bāng. [Tī 2004 nî 11-goe̍h 8 ín-iōng] Archived 2019-05-24 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Pêⁿ-po͘ Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn-bāng，nd, b，新港文書的來源 [online]. Tâi-pak: Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Pêⁿ-po͘ Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn-bāng. [Tī 2004 nî 10-goe̍h 25 ín-iōng]. Archived 2019-05-30 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Pêⁿ-po͘ Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn-bāng，nd, c，新港社與荷蘭教會 [online]. Tâi-pak: Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Pêⁿ-po͘ Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn-bāng. [Tī 2004 nî 11-goe̍h 8 ín-iōng]. Archived 2019-05-24 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Pêⁿ-po͘ Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn-bāng，nd, d，新港文書解說 [online]. Tâi-pak: Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Pêⁿ-po͘ Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn-bāng. [Tī 2004 nî 11-goe̍h 8 ín-iōng]. Archived 2019-05-24 at the Wayback Machine.\n\nIân-sin oa̍t-to̍k\n-----------------\n\n* 新港文書的收集、整理和解讀，李壬癸，中央研究院 (Hàn-gí)\n* 荷蘭統治之下的臺灣教會語言學---荷蘭語言政策與原住民識字能力的引進(1624~1662)，賀安娟，臺北文獻 : 頁81-119，1998 (Hàn-gí)\n* The theme: 荷蘭統治之下的臺灣教會語言學 (Hàn-gí)\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Sinckan Manuscripts*** |\n\n* Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Pêⁿ-po͘ Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn Bāng: Sin-káng-bûn-su Archived 2019-05-24 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Hô-lân thóng-tī chi-hā ê Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe Gí-giân-ha̍k Archived 2008-08-04 at the Wayback Machine. (Ann Heylen)","meta":{"title":"Sin-káng bûn-su","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2402,7395,0.3248140635564571],"infobox":["
    Sin-káng bûn-su
    \n
    Hàn-gí, Sin-káng-gí tùi-chiò ê bûn-su (1784)
    \n
    Original title\nHoan-á-khè
    Presented\n1683-nî - 1813-nî
    Location\nChú-iàu teh Tâi-lâm tē-tài, kah kî-thaⁿ ê Tâi-oân lâm-pō͘ tē-khu
    • Toh-hô͘-siā
    • Môa-tāu-siā
    • Tōa-bú-lâng-siā
    • Ē-tām-chúi-siā
    • Cattia-siā
    • Kî-thaⁿ tē-khu
    Commissioned by\nSiraya-cho̍k
    Author(s)\nSiraya-lîn kah pō͘-hūn Hàn-lîn
    Signatories\nSiraya-lîn kah Hàn-lîn
    Media type\nKó͘ bûn-su
    Subject\nKó͘ Siraya bûn-su kah gí-giân gián-kiù
    Purpose\nSiraya-gí gián-kiù kah ho̍k-heng
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7951}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (hàn-gú: 清稗類鈔), sī sio̍k-î pit-kì sió-suat luī, luē-iông sī Tiong-kok Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn sóo uī-pian (彙編); iû Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), Tiōng Gio̍k (仲玉), sī Tiong-kok Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái ê bōo-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Sòng pāi lūi-tshau (宋稗類鈔)\n* Bōo-liâu (幕僚)\n* Telesat\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔 (Hàn-gí)\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔 (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[278,938,0.29637526652452023],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1159}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (hàn-gú: 清稗類鈔), sī sio̍k-î pit-kì sió-suat luī, luē-iông sī Tiong-kok Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn sóo uī-pian (彙編); iû Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), Tiōng Gio̍k (仲玉), sī Tiong-kok Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái ê bōo-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Sòng pāi lūi-tshau (宋稗類鈔)\n* Bōo-liâu (幕僚)\n* Telesat\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔 (Hàn-gí)\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔 (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[278,938,0.29637526652452023],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1159}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (hàn-gú: 清稗類鈔), sī sio̍k-î pit-kì sió-suat luī, luē-iông sī Tiong-kok Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn sóo uī-pian (彙編); iû Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), Tiōng Gio̍k (仲玉), sī Tiong-kok Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái ê bōo-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Sòng pāi lūi-tshau (宋稗類鈔)\n* Bōo-liâu (幕僚)\n* Telesat\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔 (Hàn-gí)\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔 (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[278,938,0.29637526652452023],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1159}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (hàn-gú: 清稗類鈔), sī sio̍k-î pit-kì sió-suat luī, luē-iông sī Tiong-kok Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn sóo uī-pian (彙編); iû Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), Tiōng Gio̍k (仲玉), sī Tiong-kok Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái ê bōo-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Sòng pāi lūi-tshau (宋稗類鈔)\n* Bōo-liâu (幕僚)\n* Telesat\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔 (Hàn-gí)\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔 (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[278,938,0.29637526652452023],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1159}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (hàn-gú: 清稗類鈔), sī sio̍k-î pit-kì sió-suat luī, luē-iông sī Tiong-kok Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn sóo uī-pian (彙編); iû Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), Tiōng Gio̍k (仲玉), sī Tiong-kok Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái ê bōo-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Sòng pāi lūi-tshau (宋稗類鈔)\n* Bōo-liâu (幕僚)\n* Telesat\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔 (Hàn-gí)\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔 (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[278,938,0.29637526652452023],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1159}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (hàn-gú: 清稗類鈔), sī sio̍k-î pit-kì sió-suat luī, luē-iông sī Tiong-kok Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn sóo uī-pian (彙編); iû Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), Tiōng Gio̍k (仲玉), sī Tiong-kok Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái ê bōo-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Sòng pāi lūi-tshau (宋稗類鈔)\n* Bōo-liâu (幕僚)\n* Telesat\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔 (Hàn-gí)\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔 (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[278,938,0.29637526652452023],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1159}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (hàn-gú: 清稗類鈔), sī sio̍k-î pit-kì sió-suat luī, luē-iông sī Tiong-kok Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn sóo uī-pian (彙編); iû Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), Tiōng Gio̍k (仲玉), sī Tiong-kok Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái ê bōo-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Sòng pāi lūi-tshau (宋稗類鈔)\n* Bōo-liâu (幕僚)\n* Telesat\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔 (Hàn-gí)\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔 (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[278,938,0.29637526652452023],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1159}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (hàn-gú: 清稗類鈔), sī sio̍k-î pit-kì sió-suat luī, luē-iông sī Tiong-kok Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn sóo uī-pian (彙編); iû Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), Tiōng Gio̍k (仲玉), sī Tiong-kok Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái ê bōo-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Sòng pāi lūi-tshau (宋稗類鈔)\n* Bōo-liâu (幕僚)\n* Telesat\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔 (Hàn-gí)\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔 (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[278,938,0.29637526652452023],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1159}} -{"text":"**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (hàn-gú: 清稗類鈔), sī sio̍k-î pit-kì sió-suat luī, luē-iông sī Tiong-kok Tshing-tāi tsióng-kòo uî-bûn sóo uī-pian (彙編); iû Buán Tshing uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), Tiōng Gio̍k (仲玉), sī Tiong-kok Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái ê bōo-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm \"Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán\" ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í \"Tshing-pāi luī-tshau\" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Sòng pāi lūi-tshau (宋稗類鈔)\n* Bōo-liâu (幕僚)\n* Telesat\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** |\n\n* 開放文學--清稗類鈔 (Hàn-gí)\n* Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔 (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[278,938,0.29637526652452023],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1159}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Kin-chio |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Kin-chio-châng |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Liliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Zingiberales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Musaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Musa* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng |\n| Hybrid origin; see text |\n\n**Kin-chio**/**Keng-chio** sī chi̍t-chióng jia̍t-tài tē-khu chhut-sán ê kóe-chí. Kin-chio ê gôan-sán-tē si Tang-lâm-a, hiān-chú-sî sán-liōng khah-chē ê kok-ka ū Pa-se, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ìn-tō͘, Ìn-nî, Hui-li̍p-pin, Oa̍t-lâm, Tâi-oân, Thài-kok, Tiong-kok, Má-lâi-se-a, Ecuador téng-téng.\n\nHêng-thài\n---------\n\nChháu-pún si̍t-bu̍t, chiàⁿ-káng ê keng té-té, khòaⁿ khí-lâi ná chhiū-á ê sī ké-keng, sī chit-chàn koh chit-chàn kâu koh pûi ê hio̍h-ha̍h pau kah ăn-ân lâi seng-sêng. Koân iok-lio̍k ū 2-3 kong-chhioh, hio̍h-á sī tōa-phìⁿ ê kaⁿ-ná hêng, hoe sī ùi téng-thâu siⁿ-chhut, oân-choân siⁿ-chhut liáu-āu ōe sûi--lo̍h-lâi, hoe ū bú--ê, kang--ê, kap toing-sèng hoe, chiuⁿ-kó chiâⁿ chi̍t kōaⁿ, hō-chòe kó-pâng, hun-chân pâi-lia̍t, ta̍k-chân hō-chòe kó-pá á-sī kó-chhiú, téng-bīn ê kó-si̍t chhiūⁿ chńg-thâu-á, hō-chòe kó-cháiⁿ, tō sī tāi-ke chia̍h ê chi̍t-ngeh kin-chio, kin-chio ê chéng-chí lóng thè-hòa.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nKin-chio ê goân sán-tōe ū kúi-nā-ê kóng-hoat, it-poaⁿ jīn-ûi Tang-lâm-a ê long-bîn siōng-chá chèng-chok 「Sió-kó Iá-seng kin-chio」（*M. acuminata*）, koh kā I thòaⁿ kàu Tang-lâm-a ê sai-pak pêng, kap goân-seng tī Ìn-tō͘ tang-pō͘ kàu Chi-ná Hôa-lâm hit-kho͘-ûi-á ê 「Iá-seng kin-chio」 cha̍p-kau, hêng-sêng kin-chio chit-khoán phín-chéng, koh hông ín-chìn kàu sè-kài kok-tōe, hêng-sêng hiān-tāi to-chióng jîn-kang chai-pôe phín-hē .\n\nKhó-kó͘ ha̍k-ka pat tī taⁿ ê Papua New Guinea kéng-lāi hoat-hiān chèng kin-chio ê ûi-chí, kàu-taⁿ iok ū chhiau-kè 5,000 nî ê le̍k-sú, koh tī Se-Hui Cameroon hoat-hiān ū chhiau-kè chheng-nî le̍k-sú ê kin-chio chéng-chok ûi-chí. Só͘-í Papua New Guinea、Tang-lâm-a kap Se-Hui iân-hōaⁿ sī bo̍k-chiân só͘ chai-iáⁿ siōng-chá ê kin-chio goân sán-tōe, m̄-koh mā-ū khó-lêng ū kî-thaⁿ ê goân sán-tōe. Tī Hoat-kiàn Sî-tāi, Phû-tô-gâ-lâng ùi Se-Hui kā kin-chio chah kàu Bí-chiu chéng-chok, sî sī cha̍p-la̍k sè-kí. Tī jī-cha̍p sè-kí chiok tn̂g ê sî-kan, Tiong Bí-chiu kap Lâm Bí-chiu hit-tah, sī sè-kài siōng chú-iàu ê kin-chio chèng-chok kok-ka, chhut-kháu khì Au-chiu kap Pak-bí.\n\nĒ-sái-kóng chha-put-to só͘-ū ê kin-chio lóng sī pún cha̍p-kau-chéng ê Polyploidy chai-pôe phín-chéng. Ē-sái khak-jīn siōng-chá sī Tang-lâm-a jîn-bîn khai-sí cha̍p-kau chèng kin-chio. \n\n### Tâi-oân Kin-chio Chai-chèng Le̍k-sú\n\nTâi-oân sú-chiân sî-kî, soaⁿ-khu ê iá-seng kin-chio iáu-bē hông chhī-koai, tong-tōe ê goân-chū-bîn iā bô chèng-chok ê kì-chài. Tâi-oân Hô-lân thóng-tī sî-kî khai-sí u, sui-bóng ū lio̍k-lio̍k-á chhī-koai, m̄-koh sī sit-pāi--ê. Tang-lêng-kok ín-chìn pō͘-hūn lâm-iûⁿ ê phín-chéng, sòa—lo̍h-lâi khai-sí seng-sán. Kàu [[Chheng-kok] ê sî í-keng tōa-liōng chhut-sán, sīm-chì chiâⁿ-chòe hiàn-hō͘ hông-sek ê kòng-phín. Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi, Jit-pún-lâng khai-sí kái-liông, kā goân-seng-chéng kap āu-lâi-chéng phah-chéng, chiâⁿ-chòe Ji̍t-pún iōng-lâi chhut-kháu ê hó mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Chiàn-āu, kin-chio tī gōa-siau téng-bīn bat thòe Tâi-oân thàn tōa-liōng gōa-hōe, hō͘ Tâi-oân ióng-iú「Kin-chio Ông-kok」ê hó miâ-siaⁿ.\nTâi-oân ê chú-iàu kin-chio sán-tōe tī Ko-hiông-chhī ê Kî-san khu、Namasia-khu、Lāi-mn̂g-khu；Tâi-lâm-chhī ê San-siōng-khu、Pîn-tong-koān kap Tâi-tang-koān, kap long-bîn ka-kī chèng-chok 。\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ de Langhe, Edmond & de Maret, Pierre (2004), \"Tracking the banana: its significance in early agriculture\", chū Hather, Jon G. *The Prehistory of Food: Appetites for Change*, Routledge, p. 372, ISBN 978-0-203-20338-5\n2. ↑ \"The history of bananas:ancient origins to 1800s\" (ēng Eng-gí). University of California, Santa Cruz. goân-loē-iông tī 2014-03-16 hőng khó͘-pih. 2014-03-03 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ Ploetz, R.C.; Kepler, A.K.; Daniells, J. & Nelson, S.C. (2007), \"Banana and Plantain: An Overview with Emphasis on Pacific Island Cultivars\", chū Elevitch, C.R. *Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry* (PDF), Hōlualoa, Hawai'i: Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h pó-chûn (PDF) tī 2016-01-01, 2013-01-10 khòaⁿ--ê\n4. ↑ Li̍p-hoat-īⁿ Kong-pò, tē 85 koàn, tē 38 kî, tē 2 phiⁿ, Li̍p-hoat-īⁿ Pì-su chhù, 1996\n5. ↑ Archived 2022-02-10 at the Wayback Machine.\n6. ↑ Archived 2022-02-10 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Kin-chio","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[984,4098,0.24011713030746706],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4931}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Siuⁿ-si-á |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Fabales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Fabaceae |\n| A-kho: | Mimosoideae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Acacia* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***A. confusa*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Acacia confusa*** Merr. |\n|\n|\n|\n| Siâng-ì-miâ |\n| * *Acacia richii auct. non* A. Gray\n* *Racosperma confusum* ( Merr.) Leslie Pedley\n |\n| Siuⁿ-si-á se-thoàⁿ ê tē-kàiSiuⁿ-si-á se-thoàⁿ ê tē-kài |\n\n**Siuⁿ-si-á** (**相思仔**, 學科 Leguminosae 學名: *Acacia confusa*) sī Tâi-ôan chāi-tē ê gôan-seng chhiū-chéng, mā sī chá-kî chò hóe-thòaⁿ ê tiōng-iàu chhiū-á. Ē-tàng cha̍h hong koh m̄-kiaⁿ khó-hoāⁿ. Hio̍h-á ná sè-sè-á ê khau-to-hêng. Jo̍ah-thiⁿ 5-6 go̍eh--á ē khui-hoe, hoe sī n̂g-ê, ná hún-îⁿ-á tōa-sè, nā kàu khui-hoe ê kùi-chiat, tō kui châng lóng n̂g gìm-gìm, kiat-chí sī chhim ka-pi sek ê tāu-nge̍h-á, chhiú-chéng-thâu-á hiah tn̂g.\n\nGōa-pō-thâu ê liân-kiat\n-----------------------\n\n* Si̍t-bu̍t ê Tâi-oân-miâ: Siuⁿ-si-á[*íng-íng bô-hāu ê liân-kiat*]\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS)","meta":{"title":"Siuⁿ-si-á","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[409,884,0.4626696832579186],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1333}} -{"text":"\n**Peng-tó Kiōng-hô-kok** (冰島共和國, Peng-tó-gí: Lýðveldið Ísland) tī pak Tāi-se-iûⁿ, So͘-kat-lân kap Greenland ê tiong-kan. Peng-tó sī Pak-au kok-ka kî-tiong 1 kok.\n\nPeng-tó sī siāng to͘-chhī-hòa ê Pak-au kok-ka, jîn-kháu chi̍t-pòaⁿ tòa siú-to· Reykjavík.\n\nHō-miâ\n------\n\nPeng-tó ê hō-miâ ū chi̍t khoán kū-sek im-e̍k-gí sī **I-su-lân**.\n\nTē-lí seng-thài\n---------------\n\nTiong-tāi-se-iûⁿ Liông-chit tú-tú keng-kòe Peng-tó.\nOē-chheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng (9 goe̍h thiⁿ), khoàⁿ-ē-tio̍h éng-kiú ê peng-bō\nOē-chheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng (1 goe̍h té)\nPeng-tó tī Bí-chiu kap Euro-A-chiu chit 2-tè tāi-lio̍k-pôaⁿ sio-pōng ê só·-chāi (hō-chò Tiong Tāi-se-iûⁿ Liông-chit, *Mid-Atlantic Ridge*), tì-tio̍h chhiâng-chāi ū hóe-soaⁿ tùi hái-té phû--chhut-lâi, án-ne lâi chō chhut bē-chió sin lio̍k-tē. Peng-tó pún-sin sī kî-tiong siāng-kài tōa--ê. Tó-siōng ê hóe-soaⁿ pêng-kin it~jī-cha̍p-nî po̍k-hoat 1 pái, chhèng--chhut-lâi ê hóe-hu (*tephra*) u-jiám cheng-seⁿ chia̍h--ê chháu-á, che le̍k-sú-siōng bat chin chē pái chō-chiâⁿ cheng-seⁿ kap lâng iau-iau--sí. Chē-chē un-choâⁿ kap phong-phài ê tē-hā-sio thê-kiong Peng-tó thiân-jiân ê lêng-goân, m̄-bián chhiūⁿ pa̍t-ūi tio̍h khò hòa-chio̍h jiân-liāu. Peng-tó lōe-tē sī ko-goân, oá Pak-ke̍k-khoan, tōa-pō·-hūn thàu-nî-tang khàm 1 têng peng-bō (Eng-gí: *ice cap*). Hô-chhoan ê chúi sam-put-gō·-sî ē e̍k-kîⁿ. Kē-tē só·-chāi in-ūi oá México-oan-lîu (*Gulf Stream*), khì-un pí-kàu khah un-hô.\n\nPeng-tó Tāi-ha̍k ê 1-ê hāu-hn̂g, chhiū-á chin chió.\nPeng-tó sī Au-chiu kok-ka tang-tiong seng-thài phò-hāi siāng-kài giâm-tiōng ê 1-ê. Chū khai-sí ū Pak-au-lâng tiàm hia khiā-khí kàu taⁿ, ē-sái kóng tōa-pō·-hūn ê chāi-tē ê chhiū-châng kap kî-thaⁿ ê si̍t-bu̍t lóng in-ūi kòe-thâu lī-iōng chôaⁿ-á thòaⁿ bē lo̍h-khì. Koh in-ūi khì-hāu hân-léng, chháu-châng têng hoat ê sok-tō· te̍k-pia̍t sô. Piáu-bīn ê si̍t-bu̍t it-tàn chheng-tiāu, ē-kha-têng khin, iù, koh sang ê hóe-hu-thô· chin kín tō khì hō· tó-siōng ê kông-hong tōa-hō· piàⁿ-piàⁿ tiāu. Kú-tn̂g sî-kan lia̍p-chek--khí-lâi ê pûi thô·-bah soah chi̍t-pòaⁿ án-ne lâi liû-sit. Hiān-tāi ê Peng-tó iû-goân tōa-phiàn bē-su soa-bô· kāng-khoán. Sui-bóng chèng-hu ū siat 1-ê pō·-mn̂g choan-kang hoa̍t-lo̍h chō-nâ ê sū-kang, chóng--sī bo̍k-chêng hāu-kó iú-hān.\n\nLe̍k-sú sū-kiāⁿ\n---------------\n\nKong-goân 870 nî khai-sí ū lâng î-bîn khì kàu Peng-tó. Tōa-pō·-hūn lâi-chū sai Lo̍k-ui, chió-pō·-hūn sī chá-kî î-bîn khì kàu Britain Kûn-tó ê Viking-lâng kap in chhōa--ê Celt cha-bó·-lâng. 930 nî chó-iū tōa-pō·-hūn sek-ha̍p chèng-choh ê tē í-keng hông chiàm liáu-liáu ah, î-bîn tòe teh chió--khì.\n\nPeng-tó gī-hōe tī 999 nî thong-kòe chiap-siū Ki-tok-kàu, thang î-chhî in hām Ki-tok-kàu Norge ê keng-chè koan-hē. Peng-tó khai-sí hiòng Lô-má la̍p-sòe. Kàu-hōe phài tāi-lio̍k-chek ê chú-kàu kàu Peng-tó.\n\nTī 13 sè-kí chêng-pòaⁿ, tó-siōng 5-ê thâu-lâng kap in tāi-piáu ê tōa ka-cho̍k sio-tak, pàng-hóe, thâi-sí bē-chió lâng. Peng-tó-lâng chôaⁿ-á tī 1262 hit nî iau-chhiáⁿ Lo̍k-ui ông thóng-tī. Tī 1397 nî Lo̍k-ui, Sūi-tián, Tan-be̍h chit 3-ê Pak-au ông-kok thóng-it tī kāng-1-ê ông ê miâ-gī-hā (Kalmar Tông-bêng), 1536 nî pun chò Sūi-tián kap Tan-be̍h 2 kok (Tan-be̍h-pêng pau-koah Lo̍k-ui kap Lo̍k-ui koán-hat ê hái-gōa léng-thó·). 1814 nî liáu-āu Lo̍k-ui kui Sūi-tián, ah Peng-tó (kap Greenland, Faroe Kûn-tó) lâu tī Tan-be̍h. 1874 nî Peng-tó tùi Tan-be̍h tit-tio̍h pō·-hūn chū-tī-koân. 1944 nî oân-choân tùi Tan-be̍h to̍k-li̍p--chhut-khì.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nChá-kî ê î-bîn chhì beh tiàm Peng-tó kiàn-li̍p Pak-au-sek ê keng-chè ki-chhó·. In tòa lâi gû, bé, ti, mî-iûⁿ, kap soaⁿ-iûⁿ chit 5 chióng tián-hêng ê Au-a-chiu cheng-seⁿ-á, kî-tiong mî-iûⁿ sò·-liōng siāng chē, ah ti-á kap soaⁿ-iûⁿ in-ūi bô ha̍h tong-tē seng-thài āu--lâi chôaⁿ-á hòng-khì. Lēng-gōa koh ū lia̍h tong-tē ê iá-seng tōng-bu̍t lâi chia̍h, kî-tiong hái-chhiūⁿ kap hái-chiáu chin kín tō chia̍h kah khu̍t-chéng--khì, só·-í āu--lâi nn̄g-pe̍h-chit chú-iàu tùi hî-á lâi. Che pau-koah khe-ô· lāi ê chun-hî, salmon, *char* (*Salvelinus*-sio̍k), kap iân-hái ê soat-hî kap *haddock* (*Melanogrammus aeglefinus*). Soat-hî kap *haddock* te̍k-pia̍t tiōng-iàu: in thê-kiong chia̍h-mi̍h hō· Peng-tó-lâng ū-hoat-tō· tō·-kòe Sió Peng-hô Sî-tāi, jī-chhiáⁿ sī hiān-tāi Peng-tó-kok ê keng-chè tōng-le̍k.\n\nPeng-tó ê keng-chè tiōng-sim tī Tiong-kó·-sî-tāi boán-kî khai-sí choán-hêng khì hái-sán-gia̍p. Hit-tong-sî Au-chiu tāi-lio̍k ê siâⁿ-chhī jîn-kháu tng teh sêng-tióng, che thê-kiong Peng-tó 1-ê goā-siau iân-hái hî-sán ê chhī-tiûⁿ khong-kan. Chú-iàu ê sán-phín sī pha̍k-ta liáu so-iâm ê soat-hî-koaⁿ. Peng-tó tó-siōng in-ūi bô tōa-châng chhiū thê-kiong chō-chûn ê bo̍k-châi, in tio̍h khò Lo̍k-ui, Eng-lân, Tek-kok, Hoat-kok kap O-lân ūn-su sán-phín kàu tāi-lio̍k. Peng-tó kàu-kah 20 sè-kí chho·-kî chiah ū ka-kī ê chûn-tūi. Lia̍h-hî ki-su̍t oân-ná tī hit-tōaⁿ sî-kî tōa-tōa hiān-tāi-hòa. Lông-gia̍p chiām-chiām ui--khì, jîn-kháu tòe teh sóa khì to·-chhī tiong-sim. Siâⁿ-chhī ê jîn-kháu tī 1920 nî-tāi thâu-1-pái pí chng-kha chē. Kàu-kah 1950 nî-tāi, Peng-tó ê gōa-siau-phín ū 9-siâⁿ í-siōng sī hái-sán.\n\nHiān-tāi ê keng-chè ki-chhó· kiàn-li̍p tòa hî-sán. Gōa-siau siu-ji̍p 6-siâⁿ í-siōng hām hî-gia̍p ū koan-hē. Kî-thaⁿ ê gōa-siau-phín pau-koah a-lú-mih, ferro-silicon, mî-chè-phín, kap hî-gia̍p hong-bīn ê siat-pī. Tōa-pō·-hūn gōa-siau khì Au-chiu Liân-bêng (EU), Europa Chū-iû Bō·-ek Hia̍p-hōe (EFTA), Bí-kok, Ji̍t-pún. 1970, 80 nî-tāi bat hoat-seng thong-hòe phòng-tiòng, siāng koân chhèng kàu 59% (1980); chòe-kīn kúi-nî í-keng lak lo̍h-lâi kàu 1.5% chó-iū. Hiān-chhú-sî ê sit-gia̍p-lu̍t te̍k-pia̍t kē, 1% chó-iū.\n\nThian-jiân chu-goân chió, âng-mo·-thô· sī chú-iàu ê chè-phín, iōng tī kiàn-tio̍k, pí chìn-kháu ê chhâ ke chin ē hô. Peng-tó lêng-goân chhiong-chiok, tē-hā-sio kap chúi-le̍k hoat-tiān iōng liáu ū chhun, bo̍k-chêng ū teh gián-kiù gōa-siau ê khó-hêng-sèng. Khai-hoat chia̍h-tiān kang-gia̍p mā teh khó-lū-tiong.\n\nTī kòe-khì 10 tang Peng-tó ū teh khai-hoat chè-chō-gia̍p kap ho̍k-bū-gia̍p, pau-koah chu-sìn kho-ki, seng-bu̍t kho-ki, kim-iông ho̍k-bū téng-téng. Koan-kong-gia̍p phòe-ha̍p seng-thài koan-kong ê sî-kiâⁿ thê-kiong lâng him-sióng hái-ang ê ki-hōe.\n\nPeng-tó bô thih-lō·.\n\nKok-bîn-só·-tek pêng-kin 1 lâng pun Bí-kim 30,900 (2003 nî kó·-kè), pâi tī sè-kài chêng kúi-ūi-á. Kin-kù 2006 nî ê 1 phiⁿ OECD pò-kò, Peng-tó ê khoan-pîn phó·-ki̍p-lu̍t sī 26.7%, sī sè-kài tē 1 ūi (Hân-kok 25.4%).\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\nPeng-tó tī 1944 nî tùi Tan-be̍h to̍k-li̍p, sêng-li̍p kiōng-hô-kok. Gī-hōe (*Alþingi*) tī 930 nî sêng-li̍p, 1799 nî thêng-chí ūn-chok, 1844 nî iū-koh têng oa̍h-tāng; hit-chūn ê kak-sek sī chò Tan-be̍h ông ê kò·-būn-thoân. Hiān-tāi ê *Alþingi* ū 63-ê gī-oân.\n\nChóng-thóng sī kok-ka ê thâu-lâng, koân-le̍k iú-hān, tī te̍k-sû chêng-hêng ē-sái chí-phài pō·-tiúⁿ. Chhōa-thâu ê pō·-tiúⁿ chiah sī chèng-hú ê thâu-lâng. In-ūi m̄-bat ū chèng-tóng soán kòe-pòaⁿ, chêng-kah-taⁿ ê chèng-hú lóng-chóng sī 2 tóng í-siōng cho·-sêng ê liân-ha̍p chèng-hú.\n\nChóng-thóng, kok-hōe, pō·-tiúⁿ, tē-hng gī-hōe lóng sī 4 tang kái-soán 1 pái.\n\nChú-iàu ê chèng-tóng: To̍k-li̍p Tóng, Chìn-pō· Tóng, Siā-hōe Bîn-chú Liân-bêng, Chó-phài-le̍k-tóng, Chū-iû Tóng.\n\nPeng-tó bô kun-tūi.\n\nHêng-chèng\n----------\n\nPeng-tó pun-chò 8 ê tē-khu (*landsvæði*), ē-kha koh pun-chò 26 ê hêng-chèng-khu (éng-kòe pun 23 ê koān, hō-chò *sýslur*). Lóng-chóng ū 104 ê hiong-tìn.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nPeng-tó pún-té tāi-khài bô tòa lâng, nā ū mā ke̍k-ke kúi-ê-á Éire-lâng tòa tī hia (bo̍k-chêng pēng-bô khó-kó· chèng-kì).\n\nPeng-tó chêng-kah-taⁿ î-bîn iú-hān, jîn-kháu chha-put-to lóng-sī chá-kî Skandinavia î-bîn ê hiō-tāi. Chit-ê te̍k-sek piáu-sī Peng-tó jîn-kháu te̍k-pia̍t sek-ha̍p chò ûi-thoân-ha̍k hong-bīn ê gián-kiù.\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\nPeng-tó-lâng tī kòe-khì chheng-gōa-nî oa̍h tī 1-ê pháiⁿ seng-chûn ê khoân-kéng tang-tiong. In āu--lâi o̍h ē-hiáu tiâu-chéng chó·-tē ê keng-chè bô·-sek thang sek-èng Peng-tó ê thiau-chiàn. Che chō-chiâⁿ tó-bîn thāi-tō· khim-hióng pó-siú, bô gōan-ì mā kám-kak bô pún-chîⁿ thang chhìn-chhái si̍t-giām, bō·-hiám.\n\nBat-jī-lu̍t 99.9%. Chhut-pán ê gia̍h nā chiàu jîn-kháu pí-lē lâi phēng, tī choân sè-kài sī pâi thâu-chêng-ūi. Peng-tó-gú pó-chûn kó·-chá Kó· Norse-oē ê te̍k-sek. Hiān-tāi ê Peng-tó-lâng (kap Føroyar-lâng) iáu tha̍k ū bat chheng-nî-chêng ê Kó· Norse bûn-hiàn. Lo̍k-ui-lâng tō bô chit-ê châi-tiāu. In ê sú-si (*saga*) kì-chài 12 sè-kí ê Lo̍k-ui kap Peng-tó le̍k-sú. Siāng ū miâ-siaⁿ ê hiān-tāi chok-ka sī Halldor Kiljan Laxness chit-ūi Nobel Bûn-ha̍k Chióng ê tit-chióng-jîn.\n\nPeng-tó mā pó-chûn Skandinavia í-chá ê hō-miâ hē-thóng. Tōa-pō·-hūn lâng bô sèⁿ. Kí 1-ê lē: ū 1-ê chhut-miâ ê cha-bó· koa-chheⁿ hō-chò Björk Guðmundsdóttir. *Björk* sī i kò-jîn ê miâ, tān-sī *Guðmundsdóttir* m̄ sī i ê sèⁿ. He ì-sù sī \"Guðmundur ê cha-bó·-kiáⁿ\", ah Guðmundur sī lāu-pē kò-jîn ê miâ. Siat-sú Björk ū hiaⁿ-tī, in ê miâ āu-piah tiāⁿ-tio̍h-sī *Guðmundurson* (\"Guðmundur ê cha-po·-kiáⁿ\"). Só·-í Peng-tó-lâng thong-siông kiò lâng ê kò-jîn miâ, tī chèng-sek ê tiûⁿ-bīn (chhin-chhiūⁿ kok-hōe-thiaⁿ) oân-ná sī án-ne. Hoat-lu̍t kui-tēng tio̍h iōng chit-ê hē-thóng; î-it ê lē-gōa sī 1913 nî chìn-chêng tō ū hō sèⁿ ê hit-kóa lâng kap in ê hiō-tāi. Cha-bó·-lâng kiat-hun liáu-āu it-poaⁿ kè-siok iōng pún-miâ.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. ↑ *Tē-lí Kàu-kho-su Koàn Jī*. Tiong Se Tōe-miâ Piáu.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Ísland*** |\n\n* Peng-tó ê koaⁿ-hong ji̍p-kháu\n* Kok-hōe ê Eng-bûn bāng-chām Archived 2004-08-12 at the Wayback Machine.\n* Chèng-hú ê Eng-bûn bāng-chām\n* Siòng\n* Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Gōa-kau-pō· lí-hêng chu-sìn\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nAu-chiu ê kok-ka kap i-lāi-tē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chú-khoân kok-ka | Albania · Andorra · Armenia1 · Ò-tē-lī · Azerbaijan1 · Pak Macedonia · Belarus · Pe̍k-ní-gī · Bosnia kap Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Ku-pí-lō͘1 · Chesko · Tan-be̍h · Estonia · Hun-lân · Hoat-kok · Gruzia1 · Tek-kok · Hi-lia̍p · Hông-gâ-lī · Peng-tó · Ài-ní-lân · Í-tāi-lī · Kazakhstan1 · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lietuva · Luxembourg · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Hô-lân · Ná-ui · Pho-lân · Phû-tô-gâ · Romania · Lō͘-se-a1 · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Se-pan-gâ · Sūi-tián · Sūi-se · Thó͘-ní-kî1 · Ukraina · Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok · Vaticano | |\n| |\n| Pō͘-hūn sêng-jīn ê kok-ka | Abkhazia1 · Artsakh1 · Kosovo · Pak Ku-pí-lō͘1 · Lâm Ossetia1 · Transnistria |\n| |\n| I-lāi-tē | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tan-be̍h | Faroe Kûn-tó (kò͘-sêng-kok) |\n| |\n| Hun-lân | Åland Kûn-tó (kò͘-sêng-kok) |\n| |\n| Ná-ui | Jan Mayen ·Svalbard (Hui-kiàn-chè i-lāi-tē) |\n| |\n| Eng-kok | Akrotiri kap Dhekelia1 · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Man ·Jersey |\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ chú-khoân si̍t-thé | Au-chiu Liân-bêng  · Malta Khî-sū-thoân |\n| |\n| 1 Pō͘-hūn tī A-chiu, it-poaⁿ jīn-ûi sī Au-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 133608068\n* LCCN: n80140759\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2189 3811\n* GND: 4027754-9\n* SUDOC: 033365652\n* BNF: cb12423872b (data)\n* HDS: 003358\n* NDL: 00560122\n* NKC: ge129393\n* BNE: XX451947\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Peng-tó","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2483,11516,0.21561306009030914],"infobox":["\n
    Peng-tó Kiōng-hô-kok
    Lýðveldið Ísland
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Peng-tó
    \n
    kok-kî
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Peng-tó
    \n
    kok-hui
    \n
    \n
    \nKok-koa: Lofsöngur
    \"Sèng-si\"
    \n
    Siú-to͘
    kap siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī
    		\nReykjavík
    Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân\nPeng-tó-gí
    Sêng-jīn ê kok-ka gí-giân\nPeng-tó-gí
    Chèng-hú\ntan-it-chè, gī-hoē-chè, kiōng-hô-kok
    • chóng-thóng
    		\nGuðni Th. Jóhannesson
    • chóng-lí
    		\nBjarni Benediktsson
    Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘\nAlthing
    Bīn-chek
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n102,775 km2 (39,682 sq mi) (tē 106 miâ)
    • chúi-he̍k (%)
    		\n2.07
    Jîn-kháu
    • 2021 nî kó͘-kè
    		\n371,580 (tē 179 miâ)
    • 2011 nî phó͘-cha
    		\n315,556
    • Bi̍t-tō͘
    		\n3.5/km2 (9.1/sq mi) (tē 190 miâ)
    GDP (PPP)\n2020 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n$19.8 cha̍p-ek (tē 142 miâ)
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n$54,482 (tē 16 miâ)
    GDP (bêng-gī)\n2020 nî kó͘-kè
    • Lóng-chóng
    		\n$20.8 cha̍p-ek
    • Pêng-kin
    		\n$57,189 (tē 5 miâ)
    Gini (2018 nî)\n\"Positive 23.2
    kē · tē 2 miâ
    HDI (2019 nî)\n\"Increase\" 0.949
    chin ko · tē 4 miâ
    Hoè-pè\nPeng-tó króna (ISK)
    Sî-khu\nUTC (GMT/WET)
    Sî-kan keh-sek\ndd.mm.yyyy
    Khui-chhia hong-hiòng\niū
    Tiān-oē khu-hō\n+354
    ISO 3166 tāi-hō\nIS
    Siōng-téng domain\n.is
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":12783}} -{"text":"**Colombia Hái-kun** (Colombian Navy), tsìng-sik bîng-tshing kiò-tsò Kolunpia Kok-ka Hái-kun (Colombian National Navy; Sepangâ-gí: Armada Nacional de la República de Columbia), iah iōng Sepangâ-gí kiò-tsò \"Armada Nacional\" (Kok-ka Kàm-tuī) 或 kan-na iōng \"Armadal\" (Bô-ti̍k Kàm-tuī), sī Kolunpia Kun-tuī ê Hái-kun kun-tsióng. Hái-kun hū-tsik Kolunpia Tāi-se-iûnn (Karippian) hâm Tāi-se-iûnn tē-khu, Kolunpia kok-kíng lāi kóng-huàn ê hô-liû bāng-lōo, í-ki̍p Kolunpia ti̍t-tsiap kuán-hat ê tsi̍t-kuá ê sió lio̍k-tē khu-i̍k ê an-tsuân hâm hông-gū.\n\nTsia̍t-tsí 2013-nî 9-gue̍h, Kolunpia Hái-kun ióng-iú 35,086 miâ jîn-guân, kî-tiong pau-kuat 22,000 miâ ê Hái-kun lio̍k-tsiàn-tuī pōo-ping.\n\nThâu-á ê jī-bió sok-siá tsò \"ARC\" (Sepangâ-gú: Armada de la República de Columbia) put-tān iiōng-tsok sóo-ū ê Kolunpia Hái-kun kàm-tíng ê kuan-hong kàm-tíng ê tsiân-tuè, mā sī Hái-kun pún-sin ê thong-iōng kán-tshing.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Logros de la Política Integral de Seguridad y Defensa para la Prosperidad - PISDP - Septiembre 2013\" (PDF) (ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí). Republic of Colombia Ministry of National Defense. September 2013. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2015-04-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2013-11-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Colombian Marine Infantry\n* Military Forces of Colombia\n* Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Colombian Navy Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Colombia—Colombian Defense Ministry Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Colombia: Seguridad & Defensa—Extensive information about Colombian military forces (Sepangâ-gú)\n* UNFFMM página no oficial de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia—Unofficial fan site for the Military Forces of Colombia (Sepangâ-gú)","meta":{"title":"Colombia Hái-kun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[655,1559,0.42014111610006416],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1843}} -{"text":"**Colombia Hái-kun** (Colombian Navy), tsìng-sik bîng-tshing kiò-tsò Kolunpia Kok-ka Hái-kun (Colombian National Navy; Sepangâ-gí: Armada Nacional de la República de Columbia), iah iōng Sepangâ-gí kiò-tsò \"Armada Nacional\" (Kok-ka Kàm-tuī) 或 kan-na iōng \"Armadal\" (Bô-ti̍k Kàm-tuī), sī Kolunpia Kun-tuī ê Hái-kun kun-tsióng. Hái-kun hū-tsik Kolunpia Tāi-se-iûnn (Karippian) hâm Tāi-se-iûnn tē-khu, Kolunpia kok-kíng lāi kóng-huàn ê hô-liû bāng-lōo, í-ki̍p Kolunpia ti̍t-tsiap kuán-hat ê tsi̍t-kuá ê sió lio̍k-tē khu-i̍k ê an-tsuân hâm hông-gū.\n\nTsia̍t-tsí 2013-nî 9-gue̍h, Kolunpia Hái-kun ióng-iú 35,086 miâ jîn-guân, kî-tiong pau-kuat 22,000 miâ ê Hái-kun lio̍k-tsiàn-tuī pōo-ping.\n\nThâu-á ê jī-bió sok-siá tsò \"ARC\" (Sepangâ-gú: Armada de la República de Columbia) put-tān iiōng-tsok sóo-ū ê Kolunpia Hái-kun kàm-tíng ê kuan-hong kàm-tíng ê tsiân-tuè, mā sī Hái-kun pún-sin ê thong-iōng kán-tshing.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Logros de la Política Integral de Seguridad y Defensa para la Prosperidad - PISDP - Septiembre 2013\" (PDF) (ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí). Republic of Colombia Ministry of National Defense. September 2013. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2015-04-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2013-11-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Colombian Marine Infantry\n* Military Forces of Colombia\n* Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Colombian Navy Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Colombia—Colombian Defense Ministry Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Colombia: Seguridad & Defensa—Extensive information about Colombian military forces (Sepangâ-gú)\n* UNFFMM página no oficial de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia—Unofficial fan site for the Military Forces of Colombia (Sepangâ-gú)","meta":{"title":"Colombia Hái-kun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[655,1559,0.42014111610006416],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1843}} -{"text":"**Colombia Hái-kun** (Colombian Navy), tsìng-sik bîng-tshing kiò-tsò Kolunpia Kok-ka Hái-kun (Colombian National Navy; Sepangâ-gí: Armada Nacional de la República de Columbia), iah iōng Sepangâ-gí kiò-tsò \"Armada Nacional\" (Kok-ka Kàm-tuī) 或 kan-na iōng \"Armadal\" (Bô-ti̍k Kàm-tuī), sī Kolunpia Kun-tuī ê Hái-kun kun-tsióng. Hái-kun hū-tsik Kolunpia Tāi-se-iûnn (Karippian) hâm Tāi-se-iûnn tē-khu, Kolunpia kok-kíng lāi kóng-huàn ê hô-liû bāng-lōo, í-ki̍p Kolunpia ti̍t-tsiap kuán-hat ê tsi̍t-kuá ê sió lio̍k-tē khu-i̍k ê an-tsuân hâm hông-gū.\n\nTsia̍t-tsí 2013-nî 9-gue̍h, Kolunpia Hái-kun ióng-iú 35,086 miâ jîn-guân, kî-tiong pau-kuat 22,000 miâ ê Hái-kun lio̍k-tsiàn-tuī pōo-ping.\n\nThâu-á ê jī-bió sok-siá tsò \"ARC\" (Sepangâ-gú: Armada de la República de Columbia) put-tān iiōng-tsok sóo-ū ê Kolunpia Hái-kun kàm-tíng ê kuan-hong kàm-tíng ê tsiân-tuè, mā sī Hái-kun pún-sin ê thong-iōng kán-tshing.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Logros de la Política Integral de Seguridad y Defensa para la Prosperidad - PISDP - Septiembre 2013\" (PDF) (ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí). Republic of Colombia Ministry of National Defense. September 2013. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2015-04-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2013-11-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Colombian Marine Infantry\n* Military Forces of Colombia\n* Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Colombian Navy Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Colombia—Colombian Defense Ministry Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Colombia: Seguridad & Defensa—Extensive information about Colombian military forces (Sepangâ-gú)\n* UNFFMM página no oficial de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia—Unofficial fan site for the Military Forces of Colombia (Sepangâ-gú)","meta":{"title":"Colombia Hái-kun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[655,1559,0.42014111610006416],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1843}} -{"text":"**Colombia Hái-kun** (Colombian Navy), tsìng-sik bîng-tshing kiò-tsò Kolunpia Kok-ka Hái-kun (Colombian National Navy; Sepangâ-gí: Armada Nacional de la República de Columbia), iah iōng Sepangâ-gí kiò-tsò \"Armada Nacional\" (Kok-ka Kàm-tuī) 或 kan-na iōng \"Armadal\" (Bô-ti̍k Kàm-tuī), sī Kolunpia Kun-tuī ê Hái-kun kun-tsióng. Hái-kun hū-tsik Kolunpia Tāi-se-iûnn (Karippian) hâm Tāi-se-iûnn tē-khu, Kolunpia kok-kíng lāi kóng-huàn ê hô-liû bāng-lōo, í-ki̍p Kolunpia ti̍t-tsiap kuán-hat ê tsi̍t-kuá ê sió lio̍k-tē khu-i̍k ê an-tsuân hâm hông-gū.\n\nTsia̍t-tsí 2013-nî 9-gue̍h, Kolunpia Hái-kun ióng-iú 35,086 miâ jîn-guân, kî-tiong pau-kuat 22,000 miâ ê Hái-kun lio̍k-tsiàn-tuī pōo-ping.\n\nThâu-á ê jī-bió sok-siá tsò \"ARC\" (Sepangâ-gú: Armada de la República de Columbia) put-tān iiōng-tsok sóo-ū ê Kolunpia Hái-kun kàm-tíng ê kuan-hong kàm-tíng ê tsiân-tuè, mā sī Hái-kun pún-sin ê thong-iōng kán-tshing.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Logros de la Política Integral de Seguridad y Defensa para la Prosperidad - PISDP - Septiembre 2013\" (PDF) (ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí). Republic of Colombia Ministry of National Defense. September 2013. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2015-04-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2013-11-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Colombian Marine Infantry\n* Military Forces of Colombia\n* Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Colombian Navy Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Colombia—Colombian Defense Ministry Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Colombia: Seguridad & Defensa—Extensive information about Colombian military forces (Sepangâ-gú)\n* UNFFMM página no oficial de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia—Unofficial fan site for the Military Forces of Colombia (Sepangâ-gú)","meta":{"title":"Colombia Hái-kun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[655,1559,0.42014111610006416],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1843}} -{"text":"**Colombia Hái-kun** (Colombian Navy), tsìng-sik bîng-tshing kiò-tsò Kolunpia Kok-ka Hái-kun (Colombian National Navy; Sepangâ-gí: Armada Nacional de la República de Columbia), iah iōng Sepangâ-gí kiò-tsò \"Armada Nacional\" (Kok-ka Kàm-tuī) 或 kan-na iōng \"Armadal\" (Bô-ti̍k Kàm-tuī), sī Kolunpia Kun-tuī ê Hái-kun kun-tsióng. Hái-kun hū-tsik Kolunpia Tāi-se-iûnn (Karippian) hâm Tāi-se-iûnn tē-khu, Kolunpia kok-kíng lāi kóng-huàn ê hô-liû bāng-lōo, í-ki̍p Kolunpia ti̍t-tsiap kuán-hat ê tsi̍t-kuá ê sió lio̍k-tē khu-i̍k ê an-tsuân hâm hông-gū.\n\nTsia̍t-tsí 2013-nî 9-gue̍h, Kolunpia Hái-kun ióng-iú 35,086 miâ jîn-guân, kî-tiong pau-kuat 22,000 miâ ê Hái-kun lio̍k-tsiàn-tuī pōo-ping.\n\nThâu-á ê jī-bió sok-siá tsò \"ARC\" (Sepangâ-gú: Armada de la República de Columbia) put-tān iiōng-tsok sóo-ū ê Kolunpia Hái-kun kàm-tíng ê kuan-hong kàm-tíng ê tsiân-tuè, mā sī Hái-kun pún-sin ê thong-iōng kán-tshing.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Logros de la Política Integral de Seguridad y Defensa para la Prosperidad - PISDP - Septiembre 2013\" (PDF) (ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí). Republic of Colombia Ministry of National Defense. September 2013. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2015-04-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2013-11-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Colombian Marine Infantry\n* Military Forces of Colombia\n* Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Colombian Navy Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Colombia—Colombian Defense Ministry Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Colombia: Seguridad & Defensa—Extensive information about Colombian military forces (Sepangâ-gú)\n* UNFFMM página no oficial de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia—Unofficial fan site for the Military Forces of Colombia (Sepangâ-gú)","meta":{"title":"Colombia Hái-kun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[655,1559,0.42014111610006416],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1843}} -{"text":"**Colombia Hái-kun** (Colombian Navy), tsìng-sik bîng-tshing kiò-tsò Kolunpia Kok-ka Hái-kun (Colombian National Navy; Sepangâ-gí: Armada Nacional de la República de Columbia), iah iōng Sepangâ-gí kiò-tsò \"Armada Nacional\" (Kok-ka Kàm-tuī) 或 kan-na iōng \"Armadal\" (Bô-ti̍k Kàm-tuī), sī Kolunpia Kun-tuī ê Hái-kun kun-tsióng. Hái-kun hū-tsik Kolunpia Tāi-se-iûnn (Karippian) hâm Tāi-se-iûnn tē-khu, Kolunpia kok-kíng lāi kóng-huàn ê hô-liû bāng-lōo, í-ki̍p Kolunpia ti̍t-tsiap kuán-hat ê tsi̍t-kuá ê sió lio̍k-tē khu-i̍k ê an-tsuân hâm hông-gū.\n\nTsia̍t-tsí 2013-nî 9-gue̍h, Kolunpia Hái-kun ióng-iú 35,086 miâ jîn-guân, kî-tiong pau-kuat 22,000 miâ ê Hái-kun lio̍k-tsiàn-tuī pōo-ping.\n\nThâu-á ê jī-bió sok-siá tsò \"ARC\" (Sepangâ-gú: Armada de la República de Columbia) put-tān iiōng-tsok sóo-ū ê Kolunpia Hái-kun kàm-tíng ê kuan-hong kàm-tíng ê tsiân-tuè, mā sī Hái-kun pún-sin ê thong-iōng kán-tshing.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Logros de la Política Integral de Seguridad y Defensa para la Prosperidad - PISDP - Septiembre 2013\" (PDF) (ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí). Republic of Colombia Ministry of National Defense. September 2013. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2015-04-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2013-11-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Colombian Marine Infantry\n* Military Forces of Colombia\n* Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Colombian Navy Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Colombia—Colombian Defense Ministry Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Colombia: Seguridad & Defensa—Extensive information about Colombian military forces (Sepangâ-gú)\n* UNFFMM página no oficial de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia—Unofficial fan site for the Military Forces of Colombia (Sepangâ-gú)","meta":{"title":"Colombia Hái-kun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[655,1559,0.42014111610006416],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1843}} -{"text":"**Colombia Hái-kun** (Colombian Navy), tsìng-sik bîng-tshing kiò-tsò Kolunpia Kok-ka Hái-kun (Colombian National Navy; Sepangâ-gí: Armada Nacional de la República de Columbia), iah iōng Sepangâ-gí kiò-tsò \"Armada Nacional\" (Kok-ka Kàm-tuī) 或 kan-na iōng \"Armadal\" (Bô-ti̍k Kàm-tuī), sī Kolunpia Kun-tuī ê Hái-kun kun-tsióng. Hái-kun hū-tsik Kolunpia Tāi-se-iûnn (Karippian) hâm Tāi-se-iûnn tē-khu, Kolunpia kok-kíng lāi kóng-huàn ê hô-liû bāng-lōo, í-ki̍p Kolunpia ti̍t-tsiap kuán-hat ê tsi̍t-kuá ê sió lio̍k-tē khu-i̍k ê an-tsuân hâm hông-gū.\n\nTsia̍t-tsí 2013-nî 9-gue̍h, Kolunpia Hái-kun ióng-iú 35,086 miâ jîn-guân, kî-tiong pau-kuat 22,000 miâ ê Hái-kun lio̍k-tsiàn-tuī pōo-ping.\n\nThâu-á ê jī-bió sok-siá tsò \"ARC\" (Sepangâ-gú: Armada de la República de Columbia) put-tān iiōng-tsok sóo-ū ê Kolunpia Hái-kun kàm-tíng ê kuan-hong kàm-tíng ê tsiân-tuè, mā sī Hái-kun pún-sin ê thong-iōng kán-tshing.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Logros de la Política Integral de Seguridad y Defensa para la Prosperidad - PISDP - Septiembre 2013\" (PDF) (ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí). Republic of Colombia Ministry of National Defense. September 2013. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2015-04-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2013-11-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Colombian Marine Infantry\n* Military Forces of Colombia\n* Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Colombian Navy Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Colombia—Colombian Defense Ministry Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Colombia: Seguridad & Defensa—Extensive information about Colombian military forces (Sepangâ-gú)\n* UNFFMM página no oficial de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia—Unofficial fan site for the Military Forces of Colombia (Sepangâ-gú)","meta":{"title":"Colombia Hái-kun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[655,1559,0.42014111610006416],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1843}} -{"text":"**Colombia Hái-kun** (Colombian Navy), tsìng-sik bîng-tshing kiò-tsò Kolunpia Kok-ka Hái-kun (Colombian National Navy; Sepangâ-gí: Armada Nacional de la República de Columbia), iah iōng Sepangâ-gí kiò-tsò \"Armada Nacional\" (Kok-ka Kàm-tuī) 或 kan-na iōng \"Armadal\" (Bô-ti̍k Kàm-tuī), sī Kolunpia Kun-tuī ê Hái-kun kun-tsióng. Hái-kun hū-tsik Kolunpia Tāi-se-iûnn (Karippian) hâm Tāi-se-iûnn tē-khu, Kolunpia kok-kíng lāi kóng-huàn ê hô-liû bāng-lōo, í-ki̍p Kolunpia ti̍t-tsiap kuán-hat ê tsi̍t-kuá ê sió lio̍k-tē khu-i̍k ê an-tsuân hâm hông-gū.\n\nTsia̍t-tsí 2013-nî 9-gue̍h, Kolunpia Hái-kun ióng-iú 35,086 miâ jîn-guân, kî-tiong pau-kuat 22,000 miâ ê Hái-kun lio̍k-tsiàn-tuī pōo-ping.\n\nThâu-á ê jī-bió sok-siá tsò \"ARC\" (Sepangâ-gú: Armada de la República de Columbia) put-tān iiōng-tsok sóo-ū ê Kolunpia Hái-kun kàm-tíng ê kuan-hong kàm-tíng ê tsiân-tuè, mā sī Hái-kun pún-sin ê thong-iōng kán-tshing.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Logros de la Política Integral de Seguridad y Defensa para la Prosperidad - PISDP - Septiembre 2013\" (PDF) (ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí). Republic of Colombia Ministry of National Defense. September 2013. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2015-04-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2013-11-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Colombian Marine Infantry\n* Military Forces of Colombia\n* Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Colombian Navy Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Colombia—Colombian Defense Ministry Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Colombia: Seguridad & Defensa—Extensive information about Colombian military forces (Sepangâ-gú)\n* UNFFMM página no oficial de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia—Unofficial fan site for the Military Forces of Colombia (Sepangâ-gú)","meta":{"title":"Colombia Hái-kun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[655,1559,0.42014111610006416],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1843}} -{"text":"**Colombia Hái-kun** (Colombian Navy), tsìng-sik bîng-tshing kiò-tsò Kolunpia Kok-ka Hái-kun (Colombian National Navy; Sepangâ-gí: Armada Nacional de la República de Columbia), iah iōng Sepangâ-gí kiò-tsò \"Armada Nacional\" (Kok-ka Kàm-tuī) 或 kan-na iōng \"Armadal\" (Bô-ti̍k Kàm-tuī), sī Kolunpia Kun-tuī ê Hái-kun kun-tsióng. Hái-kun hū-tsik Kolunpia Tāi-se-iûnn (Karippian) hâm Tāi-se-iûnn tē-khu, Kolunpia kok-kíng lāi kóng-huàn ê hô-liû bāng-lōo, í-ki̍p Kolunpia ti̍t-tsiap kuán-hat ê tsi̍t-kuá ê sió lio̍k-tē khu-i̍k ê an-tsuân hâm hông-gū.\n\nTsia̍t-tsí 2013-nî 9-gue̍h, Kolunpia Hái-kun ióng-iú 35,086 miâ jîn-guân, kî-tiong pau-kuat 22,000 miâ ê Hái-kun lio̍k-tsiàn-tuī pōo-ping.\n\nThâu-á ê jī-bió sok-siá tsò \"ARC\" (Sepangâ-gú: Armada de la República de Columbia) put-tān iiōng-tsok sóo-ū ê Kolunpia Hái-kun kàm-tíng ê kuan-hong kàm-tíng ê tsiân-tuè, mā sī Hái-kun pún-sin ê thong-iōng kán-tshing.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Logros de la Política Integral de Seguridad y Defensa para la Prosperidad - PISDP - Septiembre 2013\" (PDF) (ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí). Republic of Colombia Ministry of National Defense. September 2013. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2015-04-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2013-11-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Colombian Marine Infantry\n* Military Forces of Colombia\n* Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Colombian Navy Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Colombia—Colombian Defense Ministry Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Colombia: Seguridad & Defensa—Extensive information about Colombian military forces (Sepangâ-gú)\n* UNFFMM página no oficial de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia—Unofficial fan site for the Military Forces of Colombia (Sepangâ-gú)","meta":{"title":"Colombia Hái-kun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[655,1559,0.42014111610006416],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1843}} -{"text":"**Colombia Hái-kun** (Colombian Navy), tsìng-sik bîng-tshing kiò-tsò Kolunpia Kok-ka Hái-kun (Colombian National Navy; Sepangâ-gí: Armada Nacional de la República de Columbia), iah iōng Sepangâ-gí kiò-tsò \"Armada Nacional\" (Kok-ka Kàm-tuī) 或 kan-na iōng \"Armadal\" (Bô-ti̍k Kàm-tuī), sī Kolunpia Kun-tuī ê Hái-kun kun-tsióng. Hái-kun hū-tsik Kolunpia Tāi-se-iûnn (Karippian) hâm Tāi-se-iûnn tē-khu, Kolunpia kok-kíng lāi kóng-huàn ê hô-liû bāng-lōo, í-ki̍p Kolunpia ti̍t-tsiap kuán-hat ê tsi̍t-kuá ê sió lio̍k-tē khu-i̍k ê an-tsuân hâm hông-gū.\n\nTsia̍t-tsí 2013-nî 9-gue̍h, Kolunpia Hái-kun ióng-iú 35,086 miâ jîn-guân, kî-tiong pau-kuat 22,000 miâ ê Hái-kun lio̍k-tsiàn-tuī pōo-ping.\n\nThâu-á ê jī-bió sok-siá tsò \"ARC\" (Sepangâ-gú: Armada de la República de Columbia) put-tān iiōng-tsok sóo-ū ê Kolunpia Hái-kun kàm-tíng ê kuan-hong kàm-tíng ê tsiân-tuè, mā sī Hái-kun pún-sin ê thong-iōng kán-tshing.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Logros de la Política Integral de Seguridad y Defensa para la Prosperidad - PISDP - Septiembre 2013\" (PDF) (ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí). Republic of Colombia Ministry of National Defense. September 2013. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2015-04-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2013-11-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Colombian Marine Infantry\n* Military Forces of Colombia\n* Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Colombian Navy Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Colombia—Colombian Defense Ministry Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Colombia: Seguridad & Defensa—Extensive information about Colombian military forces (Sepangâ-gú)\n* UNFFMM página no oficial de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia—Unofficial fan site for the Military Forces of Colombia (Sepangâ-gú)","meta":{"title":"Colombia Hái-kun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[655,1559,0.42014111610006416],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1843}} -{"text":"**Colombia Hái-kun** (Colombian Navy), tsìng-sik bîng-tshing kiò-tsò Kolunpia Kok-ka Hái-kun (Colombian National Navy; Sepangâ-gí: Armada Nacional de la República de Columbia), iah iōng Sepangâ-gí kiò-tsò \"Armada Nacional\" (Kok-ka Kàm-tuī) 或 kan-na iōng \"Armadal\" (Bô-ti̍k Kàm-tuī), sī Kolunpia Kun-tuī ê Hái-kun kun-tsióng. Hái-kun hū-tsik Kolunpia Tāi-se-iûnn (Karippian) hâm Tāi-se-iûnn tē-khu, Kolunpia kok-kíng lāi kóng-huàn ê hô-liû bāng-lōo, í-ki̍p Kolunpia ti̍t-tsiap kuán-hat ê tsi̍t-kuá ê sió lio̍k-tē khu-i̍k ê an-tsuân hâm hông-gū.\n\nTsia̍t-tsí 2013-nî 9-gue̍h, Kolunpia Hái-kun ióng-iú 35,086 miâ jîn-guân, kî-tiong pau-kuat 22,000 miâ ê Hái-kun lio̍k-tsiàn-tuī pōo-ping.\n\nThâu-á ê jī-bió sok-siá tsò \"ARC\" (Sepangâ-gú: Armada de la República de Columbia) put-tān iiōng-tsok sóo-ū ê Kolunpia Hái-kun kàm-tíng ê kuan-hong kàm-tíng ê tsiân-tuè, mā sī Hái-kun pún-sin ê thong-iōng kán-tshing.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Logros de la Política Integral de Seguridad y Defensa para la Prosperidad - PISDP - Septiembre 2013\" (PDF) (ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí). Republic of Colombia Ministry of National Defense. September 2013. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2015-04-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2013-11-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Colombian Marine Infantry\n* Military Forces of Colombia\n* Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Colombian Navy Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Colombia—Colombian Defense Ministry Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Colombia: Seguridad & Defensa—Extensive information about Colombian military forces (Sepangâ-gú)\n* UNFFMM página no oficial de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia—Unofficial fan site for the Military Forces of Colombia (Sepangâ-gú)","meta":{"title":"Colombia Hái-kun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[655,1559,0.42014111610006416],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1843}} -{"text":"**Colombia Hái-kun** (Colombian Navy), tsìng-sik bîng-tshing kiò-tsò Kolunpia Kok-ka Hái-kun (Colombian National Navy; Sepangâ-gí: Armada Nacional de la República de Columbia), iah iōng Sepangâ-gí kiò-tsò \"Armada Nacional\" (Kok-ka Kàm-tuī) 或 kan-na iōng \"Armadal\" (Bô-ti̍k Kàm-tuī), sī Kolunpia Kun-tuī ê Hái-kun kun-tsióng. Hái-kun hū-tsik Kolunpia Tāi-se-iûnn (Karippian) hâm Tāi-se-iûnn tē-khu, Kolunpia kok-kíng lāi kóng-huàn ê hô-liû bāng-lōo, í-ki̍p Kolunpia ti̍t-tsiap kuán-hat ê tsi̍t-kuá ê sió lio̍k-tē khu-i̍k ê an-tsuân hâm hông-gū.\n\nTsia̍t-tsí 2013-nî 9-gue̍h, Kolunpia Hái-kun ióng-iú 35,086 miâ jîn-guân, kî-tiong pau-kuat 22,000 miâ ê Hái-kun lio̍k-tsiàn-tuī pōo-ping.\n\nThâu-á ê jī-bió sok-siá tsò \"ARC\" (Sepangâ-gú: Armada de la República de Columbia) put-tān iiōng-tsok sóo-ū ê Kolunpia Hái-kun kàm-tíng ê kuan-hong kàm-tíng ê tsiân-tuè, mā sī Hái-kun pún-sin ê thong-iōng kán-tshing.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Logros de la Política Integral de Seguridad y Defensa para la Prosperidad - PISDP - Septiembre 2013\" (PDF) (ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí). Republic of Colombia Ministry of National Defense. September 2013. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2015-04-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2013-11-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Colombian Marine Infantry\n* Military Forces of Colombia\n* Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Colombian Navy Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Colombia—Colombian Defense Ministry Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Colombia: Seguridad & Defensa—Extensive information about Colombian military forces (Sepangâ-gú)\n* UNFFMM página no oficial de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia—Unofficial fan site for the Military Forces of Colombia (Sepangâ-gú)","meta":{"title":"Colombia Hái-kun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[655,1559,0.42014111610006416],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1843}} -{"text":"**Colombia Hái-kun** (Colombian Navy), tsìng-sik bîng-tshing kiò-tsò Kolunpia Kok-ka Hái-kun (Colombian National Navy; Sepangâ-gí: Armada Nacional de la República de Columbia), iah iōng Sepangâ-gí kiò-tsò \"Armada Nacional\" (Kok-ka Kàm-tuī) 或 kan-na iōng \"Armadal\" (Bô-ti̍k Kàm-tuī), sī Kolunpia Kun-tuī ê Hái-kun kun-tsióng. Hái-kun hū-tsik Kolunpia Tāi-se-iûnn (Karippian) hâm Tāi-se-iûnn tē-khu, Kolunpia kok-kíng lāi kóng-huàn ê hô-liû bāng-lōo, í-ki̍p Kolunpia ti̍t-tsiap kuán-hat ê tsi̍t-kuá ê sió lio̍k-tē khu-i̍k ê an-tsuân hâm hông-gū.\n\nTsia̍t-tsí 2013-nî 9-gue̍h, Kolunpia Hái-kun ióng-iú 35,086 miâ jîn-guân, kî-tiong pau-kuat 22,000 miâ ê Hái-kun lio̍k-tsiàn-tuī pōo-ping.\n\nThâu-á ê jī-bió sok-siá tsò \"ARC\" (Sepangâ-gú: Armada de la República de Columbia) put-tān iiōng-tsok sóo-ū ê Kolunpia Hái-kun kàm-tíng ê kuan-hong kàm-tíng ê tsiân-tuè, mā sī Hái-kun pún-sin ê thong-iōng kán-tshing.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Logros de la Política Integral de Seguridad y Defensa para la Prosperidad - PISDP - Septiembre 2013\" (PDF) (ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí). Republic of Colombia Ministry of National Defense. September 2013. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2015-04-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2013-11-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Colombian Marine Infantry\n* Military Forces of Colombia\n* Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Colombian Navy Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Colombia—Colombian Defense Ministry Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Colombia: Seguridad & Defensa—Extensive information about Colombian military forces (Sepangâ-gú)\n* UNFFMM página no oficial de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia—Unofficial fan site for the Military Forces of Colombia (Sepangâ-gú)","meta":{"title":"Colombia Hái-kun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[655,1559,0.42014111610006416],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1843}} -{"text":"**Colombia Hái-kun** (Colombian Navy), tsìng-sik bîng-tshing kiò-tsò Kolunpia Kok-ka Hái-kun (Colombian National Navy; Sepangâ-gí: Armada Nacional de la República de Columbia), iah iōng Sepangâ-gí kiò-tsò \"Armada Nacional\" (Kok-ka Kàm-tuī) 或 kan-na iōng \"Armadal\" (Bô-ti̍k Kàm-tuī), sī Kolunpia Kun-tuī ê Hái-kun kun-tsióng. Hái-kun hū-tsik Kolunpia Tāi-se-iûnn (Karippian) hâm Tāi-se-iûnn tē-khu, Kolunpia kok-kíng lāi kóng-huàn ê hô-liû bāng-lōo, í-ki̍p Kolunpia ti̍t-tsiap kuán-hat ê tsi̍t-kuá ê sió lio̍k-tē khu-i̍k ê an-tsuân hâm hông-gū.\n\nTsia̍t-tsí 2013-nî 9-gue̍h, Kolunpia Hái-kun ióng-iú 35,086 miâ jîn-guân, kî-tiong pau-kuat 22,000 miâ ê Hái-kun lio̍k-tsiàn-tuī pōo-ping.\n\nThâu-á ê jī-bió sok-siá tsò \"ARC\" (Sepangâ-gú: Armada de la República de Columbia) put-tān iiōng-tsok sóo-ū ê Kolunpia Hái-kun kàm-tíng ê kuan-hong kàm-tíng ê tsiân-tuè, mā sī Hái-kun pún-sin ê thong-iōng kán-tshing.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Logros de la Política Integral de Seguridad y Defensa para la Prosperidad - PISDP - Septiembre 2013\" (PDF) (ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí). Republic of Colombia Ministry of National Defense. September 2013. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2015-04-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2013-11-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Colombian Marine Infantry\n* Military Forces of Colombia\n* Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Colombian Navy Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Colombia—Colombian Defense Ministry Official site (Sepangâ-gú)\n* Colombia: Seguridad & Defensa—Extensive information about Colombian military forces (Sepangâ-gú)\n* UNFFMM página no oficial de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia—Unofficial fan site for the Military Forces of Colombia (Sepangâ-gú)","meta":{"title":"Colombia Hái-kun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[655,1559,0.42014111610006416],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1843}} -{"text":"Schild einer australischen State Route\nSP-270 state highway shield in the state of São Paulo\n**Síng-kip kong-lōo** (ing-gú: state highway, state road, state route; provincial highway, provincial road, provincial route), hi̍k-tsiá kiò-tsò \"**tsiu-kip kong-lōo**\" (chiu-kip kong-lō͘), **tsiu-tō**, **síng-tō**, sī-tsí iû tsiu, síng it-kip tē-hng tsìng-hú [en] lâi kèn-tiok hi̍k-tsiá uī-hóo [en] ê kong-lōo hē-thóng. Tuā-to-sòo kok-ka síng-kip kong-lōo (tsiu-kip kong-lōo) ê \"tō-lōo tíng-kip\" pí-khí tiong-iong tsìng-hú siat-li̍p ê kok-ka-kip kong-lōo khah-ke; m̄-ku kan-na ū canada lē-guā.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"What is the Freeway? - Definition & Meaning\". *Auto News Eye* (ēng Eng-gí). 2021-02-03. 2021-02-06 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ \"City of Long Beach v. Payne\". *Justia Law* (ēng Eng-gí). 14 February 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Numbered street (Pen-hō ke-tō/Numbered street)\n* JSX hâng-khong kong-si [en] (JSX (airline))\n* Chhì-kui kè-ōe [ja] (tshì-kui kè-uē/河豚計画/Fugu Keikaku kè-uē)\n* Jacob Schiff [en]\n* Ha̍p-lí sú-iōng [en] (Fair use)\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* State Highway System\n* State highway frequently asked questions | Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency","meta":{"title":"Séng-kip kong-lō͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[475,1058,0.44896030245746693],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1288}} -{"text":"\n***Lí ê Kiáⁿ M̄ Sī Lí ê Kiáⁿ*** (Hàn-jī: **你的囝毋是你的囝**，Hôa-gí: **你的孩子不是你的孩子**)，sī chi̍t-pō͘ 2018 nî Tâi-oân Si-soán (詩選) Tiān-sī-kio̍k, ùi chok-ka Ngô͘ Hiáu-ngāu (Hàn-jī: 吳曉樂) ê kāng-miâ chok-phín lāi-bīn ê gō͘-ê kò͘-sū, hun-pia̍t sī *Ma-ma ê Lī-mó͘-khòng* (媽媽的遙控器), *Niau ê Kiáⁿ* (貓的孩子), *Ba̍k-nī ê Chòe-āu Chi̍t Kang* (茉莉的最後一天), *Khóng-chhiok* (孔雀), *Pit-su Kòe-tāng* (必須過動). Múi-ê kò͘-sū nn̄g-chip, choân-pō͘ chóng-kiōng cha̍p-chip, iû Tân Hūi-lêng (陳慧翎) lâi chòe tō-ián. Kò͘-sū í chhin-chú (親子) chi-kan ê hō͘-tōng (互動) chò chú-tê, tī kho-hoàn (科幻) goân-sò͘ ê pau-chong chi-hā, khau-sé (剾洗) thé-chè ē-bīn niú-khiok (扭曲)--ê chhin-chú koan-hē (親子關係) kap kàu-io̍k khùn-kéng (教育困境), gō͘-ê kò͘-sū tang-tiong ê a-bú hun-pia̍t iû Koa Sò͘-hûn (柯素雲), Cheng Him-lêng (鍾欣凌), Ún Heng (尹馨), Chiā Khiông-loán (謝瓊煖) kap Ia̍p Choân-chin (葉全真) ián-chhut. Iáⁿ-chip ēng 4K chhiau-koân ōe-chit (超懸畫質) ki-su̍t liap-iáⁿ (攝影), 2017 nî 8 goe̍h 7 ji̍t khui-kiàⁿ (開鏡). Kong-sī Chú-pîn (公視主頻) tī 2018 nî 7 goe̍h chhe-chhit àm-sî 9 tiám siú-pò͘ (首播), mā tī Kong-sī+, Netflix kap LINE TV téng tong-ji̍t (當日) keng-sin siōng sin--ê chi̍t-chip. myVideo tī 2018 nî 8 goe̍h chhe-gō͘ choân-chi̍p chiūⁿ-kè (上架). Tû-liáu tiān-sī-kio̍k, Kong-sī mā tâng-pō͘ thui-chhut kái-pian tiān-tōng *Kiáⁿ-jî KIDZ* (孩子 KIDZ).","meta":{"title":"Lí ê Kiáⁿ M̄ Sī Lí ê Kiáⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[682,2020,0.33762376237623765],"infobox":["
    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    Lí ê Kiáⁿ M̄ Sī Lí ê Kiáⁿ
    你的孩子不是你的孩子
    Goân-chhòng\nNgô͘ Hiáu-ngāu (吳曉樂)
    Khai-hoat\n
    \n\n
    Tō-ián\nTân Hūi-lêng (陳慧翎)
    Chú-ián\n
    \n\n
    Chè-chok kok-ka\n\"\" Tâi-oân
    Gí-giân\nHôa-gí
    Chi̍p-sò͘\n10
    Chè-chok
    Gōa-kéng\n\"\" Tâi-oân
    Pò͘-èng\n
    Siú-pò pîn-tō\nPTS
    Pò-chhut kok-ka\n\"\" Tâi-oân
    Pò-chhut ji̍t-kî\n2018 nî 7 go̍eh 7 ji̍t－2018 nî 8 go̍eh 4 ji̍t
    Gōa-pō͘
    \nKoaⁿ-hong bāng-chām
    \nIMDb kài-siāu
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1550}} -{"text":"\n**Tōa Siau-tiâu** (Eng-gí: *Great Depression*) sī 1929 nî kàu 1933 nî tiong-kan, Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn chìn-chêng, ê chi̍t pái sè-kài-sèng ê keng-chè tōa soe-thè. Tōa Siau-tiâu tī bô-kāng kok-ka ū bô-kāng ê khai-sí sî-kan, tōa-pòaⁿ lóng tī 1930 nî khai-sí, liân-sòa siau-tiâu kàu 1930 nî-tāi bóe-kî, ū--ê sīm-chì kàu 1940 nî-tāi bóe-kî. Tōa Siau-tiâu sī 20 sè-kí liân-sòa sî-kan siāng-tn̂g, éng-hióng siāng-tōa, kiông-tō͘ siāng-koân ê chi̍t pái keng-chè soe-thè.\n\nTī 21 sè-kí, Tōa Siau-tiâu tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ pī khòaⁿ chò sī sè-kài keng-chè soe-thè ê tāi-piáu. Tōa Siau-tiâu ùi Bí-kok khai-sí, ùi 1929 nî 10 goe̍h 24 hō ê kó͘-chhī lo̍h-kè khai-sí, pēng éng-hióng liáu choân sè-kài. Tōa Siau-tiâu tùi sian-chìn-kok kap khai-hoat-tô͘-siōng-kok lóng chhōa lâi liáu húi-bia̍t-sèng ê táⁿ-kek. Jîn-kin siu-ji̍p, sòe-siu, êng-lī kap sè-siàu choân-bīn lo̍h-kè, kok-chè bō͘-e̍k jōe-kiám 50%, Bí-kok ê si̍t-gia̍p-lu̍t thê-seng chì 25%, ū--ê kok-ka sīm-chì kàu 33%.","meta":{"title":"Tōa Siau-tiâu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,940,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1087}} -{"text":"Lio̍k-kun kun-i ha̍k-hāu tsuân-kíng-tôo [en] (1929-nî)\n**Ji̍t-pún lio̍k-kun kun-i ha̍k-hāu** (ji̍t-gú: 陸軍軍医学校), ha̍k-hāu khiā-tī Ji̍t-pún Tang-kiañ-too Sinzyuku-khu Toyama ting [ja], sī kū tāi ji̍t-pún tè-kok lio̍k-kun [ja] i-ha̍k kho-hē [ja] ê kàu-io̍k ki-kuan. Ji̍t-pún lio̍k-kun toyama ha̍k-hāu [ja] tong-sî to-teh hù-kīn; hit-tong-tsūn hái-kun mā-ū tsi̍t-king hái-kun kun-i ha̍k-hāu [ja].\n\nJi̍t-pún lio̍k-kun kun-i ha̍k-hāu kū-tē-tsí bo̍k-tsên ū kèn-set kuí-ā-ê ki-kuan, Kau-sing lô-tōng-sìng [en] Toyama gén-kiú pān-kong-lâu, Kok-li̍p kám-jiám-tsìng gén-kiù-sóo [ja], To̍k-li̍p hîng-tsìng huat-jîn [en] Kok-li̍p kēn-khong îng-ióng gén-kiù-sóo [ja], Kok-li̍p pó-kiān i-liâu kho-ha̍k-īnn [ja].\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"陸軍軍醫學校移轉(陸軍省)\". *官報*. 1929-04-02. NDLJP 2957141/12.  (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hèn\n-----------------\n\n* 秦郁彦 編『日本陸海軍総合事典』第2版、東京大学出版会、2005年. (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n* 外山操・森松俊夫 編著『帝国陸軍編制総覧』芙蓉書房出版、1987年. (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n* 原剛・安岡昭男 編『日本陸海軍事典コンパクト版（上）』新人物往来社、2003年. (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Panavia Tornado chiàn-ki [en] (Panavia Tornado tsèn-ki/Panavia Tornado)\n* Kherson chō-chûn-chhhiúⁿ [en] (Kherson tsō-tsûn-tshiúñ/Kherson Shipyard)\n* Stepan Bandera [en]\n* Bohdan Stashynsky [en]\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Imperial Japanese Army Medical School*** |\n\n* 旧陸軍軍医学校跡地で発見された人骨に関する質問主意書 - 衆議院 (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n* 旧陸軍軍医学校の人体標本等に関する質問主意書 - 衆議院 (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n\nKū Ji̍t-pún kun-hāu [ja]","meta":{"title":"Lio̍k-kun kun-i ha̍k-hāu (Ji̍t-pún)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[720,1512,0.47619047619047616],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1775}} -{"text":"\n\n***Chiok-gán ê Syana*** (Ji̍t-gú: 灼眼のシャナ) sī Ji̍t-pún chok-ka Ko-kiô Bî-chhit-lông (高橋弥七郎, Takahashi Yashichirô) ê khin-sió-soat, iû Itô Noizi (いとうのいぢ) oē-tô͘.\n\nKio̍k-chêng\n-----------\n\nÙi chin-kú í-chêng, tùi ī-sè-kài \"Âng-sè (紅世 Guze)\" lâi ê \"Âng-sè-sù-tô͘ (紅世の徒 Guze no Tomogara)\" ùi chit-ê sè-kài chhiúⁿ-khì \"chûn-chāi chi le̍k (存在の力 Sonzai no Chikara)\". Ùi--tio̍h chó͘-chí in, ū chit-koa te̍k-pia̍t kiông ê \"Âng-sè-mô͘-ông (紅世の王 Guze no Ō)\" kap jîn-lūi chhiam khè-iok, hō͘ in siâ-chò \"Hoé-bū chiàn-sū (フレイムヘイズ Fureimu Heizu)\" kap Sù-thô͘ sio chiàn.\n\nJîn-but Kài-siāu\n----------------\n\n### Syana\n\nChò-phín ê Lú-chú-kak. Hoé-bū chiàn-sū, tē-jī-tāi \"Iâm-hoat-chiok-gán ê sat-chiú\n\n\"Syana\" chit-ê miâ sī Iu-jī uì i ê bú-kì \"Chì-tiān-chia-ná\" (贄殿遮那 hō ê.\n\nChin kah-ì chia̍h tiⁿ--ê. Siōng ài chia̍h me-lóng-pháng.\n\nSèng-keh chin khut-kiông, sī ngō͘-kiau ê tāi-piáu. Oē-bó sī \"U-lú-sái!U-lú-sái!U-lú-sái!(うるさい！うるさい！うるさい！Ì-sù: Chhá--sí--ah!)\"\n\n### Pán-chéng Iu-jī (Sakai Yûji)\n\nLâm-chú-kak. I sī chi̍t-ê chin phó͘-thong ê ko-tiong-seng.\n\nTī kò͘-sū khai-sí tú-tio̍h hong-choa̍t (封絕), hoat-kak ka-kī sī lāi-té ū pó-kū (寶具) ê Mystes.\n\n### Kiat-tiân It-bí (Yosida Kazumi)\n\nIu-jī kap Syana ê tông-chhong. Pì-sù ê cha-bó͘-gin-á.\n\nSiat-tēng\n---------\n\n### Iōng-gí\n\nÂng-sè\n\"Bô-hoat-tō͘ kàu-ūi\" ê ī-sè-kài.\nÂng-sè-sài-tô͘\ntoà tī \"âng-sè\" ê lâng.\nÂng-sè-mô͘-ông\nŪ chin toà le̍k-liōng ê âng-sè-sài-tô͘.\nLîn-chú (燐子)\nÂng-sè-sù-tô͘ iōng \"chûn-chāi chi le̍k\" chè-chok ê sú-iōng-lâng.\nHoé-bū-chiàn-sū (火霧戰士)\nKap kiáu-loān sè-kài ê pêng-hêng ê âng-sè-sù-tô͘ sio-chiàn ê ī-lêng-chiá.\n\nMûi-thé\n-------\n\n### Kin-sió-soat kap Chheh\n\nTī Ji̍t-pún sī Tiān-kek Bûn-khò͘ chhut-pán, ùi 2002 nî 11 goe̍h kàu 2012 nî 11 goe̍h. Tī Hân-kok sî Daewon C.I. Tâi-oân kap Hiang-káng sī Tai-oân Kak-chhoan. Lēng-goā iā-ū oē-chheh \"Âng-liân\", \"Hoâ-iām\", \"Chhong-iâm\" kap \"Chia-ná\".\n\n### Bàng-gah\n\nChiok-gán ê Syana\nTī goe̍h-khan Comic Tiān-kek Tāi-ông 2005 nî 4-ge̍h hō khai-sí liân-chài, 2011 nî 10-ge̍h hō͘ soah, chò-oē-ka sī Sè-chhong Lêng-jîn (笹倉綾人), jîn-bu̍t siat-kè sī Itô Noizi. Kio̍k-chêng sī tùi goân-chok I kàu IV-koàn lâi ê.\nChiok-gán ê Syana-Eternal-song-─ Éng-hêng chi koa─\nTī Tiān-kek Mô͘-ông ê cheng-khan (增刊) Tiān-kek O͘-mô͘-ông ê 2009 nî 12-ge̍h hō khai-sí liân-chài, 2012 nî 9-ge̍h hō soah, chò-oē-ka si [[|Kiya Sî|Bo̍k-kok Thûi]] (木谷椎), jîn-bu̍t siat-kè si Itô Noizi. Kio̍k-chên sī tùi goân-chok X-koàn lâi--ê.","meta":{"title":"Chiok-gán ê Syana","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[97,2434,0.039852095316351685],"infobox":["
    Ji̍t-bûn siá-hoat
    Ji̍t-bûn\n灼眼のシャナ
    Kana\nしゃくがんのシャナ
    Hepburn-sek Lô-má-jī\nShakugan no Shana
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2757}} -{"text":"\nLî-pa-ham chi̍t-keng biō, Hok-tek-keng.\n**Lî-pa-ham** sī tsi̍t-ê uá Ìn-nî Bâ-gán-ā-pí, lo̍k-kang-ē-pa-kuāinn Rokan Hilir, liāu-síng, ìn-nî-kiong-ha̍p-kok ê sió siânn-tshī.\n\nTuē-lí sī tī Bâ-gán-ā-pī kah pak-soo-síng ê *Ā-sā-hāng* (Tanjung Balai Asahan) tiong-kan.\n\nLî-pa-ham kūn-uá Bâ-gán-ā-pī, tah-tsûn, tsha-put-to ū tiám-tsing-puànn, Ā-sā-hāng - Lî-pa-ham tsi-kan ū nn̄g-tiám-guā-tsing ê lōo-tîng.\n\nLîn-kháu sī Tn̂g-lâng (Hok-kiàn-lâng uī tsú) tsiàm to-sòo, kî-tha ê tso̍k-kûn ū Bû-lá-iû-tso̍k (Má-lâi-tso̍k, Bà-ta̍h-tso̍k, Liâu-uā-tso̍k.\n\nIn-uī ki-bîn khiā-tuà ê thôo-tuē ê kuâinn-tōo sī siūnn kē, lî-tshiánn, thôo-tuē siūnn-kèr-nńg, bô-sik-ha̍p ti̍t-tsiap tī tuē-tíng khí-tshù, sóo-ì, ki-bîn tshuân-thóng ê tshù lóng sī iōng tōng-kat-tshù lâi khiā-tuà.\n\nTsāi-tuē-lâng tsú-iàu sī khò-hái-uī-sing, muí-tsi̍t-nî tsa̍p-ge̍rh-lī-sì tio̍h ū sio-ông-tsûn ê lāu-lia̍t-li̍t-tsí, tsāi-guā phah-piànn ê Lî-pa-ham-lâng lóng ê tuài ín ê kòo-hiong lái kìng-thinn-pài-tuē kám-un thinn-kong-peh-á ê tsiok-hok.\n\nLî-pa-ham-lâng sī ū Hok-kiàn-lâng ê ti̍k-sìng, hái-iûnn ê tsír-bîn, kiânn-tsûn tshut-guā hun-pòo tsuân-sè-kài, tuā-pōo-hūn hun-pòo tī Bà-tam-tó, Po̍k-kan, Pa-siânn, Mī-lan, tíng-tíng.","meta":{"title":"Lî-pa-ham","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[166,1361,0.12196914033798678],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Panipahan
    \n
    \"Panipahan
    \"Panipahan\"
    Panipahan
    \n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 2°9′28.08″N 100°48′28.08″E / 2.1578000°N 100.8078000°E / 2.1578000; 100.8078000
    Kok-ka\n Ìn-nî\n
    Sî-khuWIB (UTC+7)\n\t
    Iû-piān hō-bé28991\n\t
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1345}} -{"text":"**Thiann Sueh** (聽說; Hear Me) sī 2009 nî 8/28 tsiūnn-iòng ê Tâi-uân tiān-iánn, iû Tēnn Hun-hun (鄭芬芬) tō-ián, Phênn Û-àn (彭于晏) kah Tân Ì-hâm (陳意涵) tsú-ián. *Thiann Sueh* sī Tāi-pak-tshī tshī-tsìng-hú bûn-huà-kio̍k tsàn-tsōo, kā Tāi-pak thiann-tsiòng ò-ūn (台北聽障奧運) tòng-tsò sī tiān-iánn ê puē-kíng.\n\nKio̍k-tsîng\n-----------\n\n*Lîm Iang-iang* (林秧秧) tiānn-tiānn tī iû-íng-tî pinn-á puê in é-káu a-tsé *Lîm Sió-pîng* (林小朋) liān-si̍p siû-tsuí, tsún-pī tsham-ka Thiann-tsiòng ò-ūn. *N̂g Thian-khuah* (黃天闊) pîng-siông-sî thè tshù-lāi sàng piān-tong, i bóo tsi̍t kang sàng piān-tong lâi iû-íng-tî, kah *Iang-iang* sio-tú si̍k-sāi, nn̄g lâng lóng tòng-tsò tuì-hong sī é-káu, sóo-í tsuân iōng tshiú-gí khai-káng. Suà--lo̍h-khì, *Iang-iang* siak tshia lê-tshân, *Thian-khuah* sàng i khì pēnn-īnn tī-liâu, sūn-suà kā *Iang-iang* thó MSN.\n\n*Thian-khuah* siūnn beh tsè-tsō kìnn-bīn ê ki-huē, lóng ē ti̍k-pia̍t lâu tsi̍t ê piān-tong buaih bē, sīm-tsì ka-kī tsú \"ài-sim piān-tong\". *Iang-iang* sī ke-á-lōo gē-jîn, siu-kang liáu-āu, nn̄g lâng tàu-tīn khì iā-tshī-á tsia̍h mī, tān-sī suah uī tio̍h siánn-lâng tshiánn ê būn-tê uan-ke. Koh tsin-tú-hó, ka-kī tī tshù hioh-khùn ê *Sió-pîng* in-uī m̄ tsai-iánn hué-sio-tshù, hì-kńg siū-siong sàng pēnn-īnn, khó-lîng bô-huat-tōo tsham-ka pí-sài.\n\nTsū-tsiông uan-ke liáu-āu, *Thian-khuah* tō bô koh kìnn kuè *Iang-iang*. *Thian-khuah* uī tio̍h beh kah *Iang-iang* hô-hó, bé po-lê tsuí-tsiáu ê ti-kong sàng *Iang-iang*, sīm-tsì pān tshiū-á kàu *Iang-iang* in tau mn̂g-kha-kháu tshuē i, m̄-koh iu-guân bô-lōo-īng. *Thian-khuah* tsin siong-sim. *Sió-pîng* kiò *Iang-iang* m̄-thang uī i lâi hòng-khì kám-tsîng. *Iang-iang* kā tsînn thê khì *Thian-khuah* in tau hîng i, *Thian-khuah* mn̄g in pē-bú kám iông-ún i hām é-káu tsò-hué, in pē-bú tah-ìng, *Thian-khuah* suî khì iû-íng-tî tàm *Iang-iang* kha-tsiah-phiann āu kóng tshut i sim-tiong ê ì-ài, *Iang-iang* tsiah huat-hiān *Thian-khuah* m̄ sī é-káu. Keh-tńg-kang, *Thian-khuah* kah in pē-bú iā tsiah huat-hiān.\n\nIán-uân kah Jîn-bu̍t\n--------------------\n\nKì-lo̍k\n-------","meta":{"title":"Thiaⁿ-soeh","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1917,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2303}} -{"text":"Kan-tāu tē-tô͘地圖\nKoan-im-soaⁿ khòaⁿ Kan-tāu\nKan-tāu Kok-ka-kip Tiōng-iàu Sip-tē\n**Kan-tāu** (Hàn-jī: 關渡, hoat-im khah óa 干豆) sī Tâi-oân Tâi-pak-chhī Pak-tâu-khu ê chi̍t ê tē-hō-miâ, tú-hó tī Tām-chúi-hô kap Ke-lâng-hô ê kau-hōe-kháu. Chū kó͘-chá í-lâi, chiū sī tiōng-iàu ê tō͘-chiáu hioh-só͘; kéng-lāi mā ū Tâi-pak siāng tōa ê sip-tē, seng-thài hui-siông hong-hù.\n\n1996 nî Kan-tāu Chū-jiân Kong-hn̂g tī chia sêng-li̍p. 2001 nî 12 goe̍h chhe-1 khí úi-thok Iá-chiáu Ha̍k-hōe keng-êng koán-lí, siú chhòng Tâi-oân seng-thài pó-io̍k-khu úi-thok bîn-kan siā-thoân keng-êng koán-lí ê tē-it lē.\n\nKan-tāu tē-hng ê biō-sī Kan-tāu-kiong sī Tâi-oân pak-pō͘ ū-miâ ê Má-chó͘-biō, hiuⁿ-hóe heng-ōng.\n\nPī-chù\n------\n\n\"Kan-tāu\" chit-lō miâ sī tùi Basay-gí Kantaw lâi ·ê , só͘-í chá-kî Hàn-jī im-e̍k ê sî, pêng-bô thóng-it ê siá-hoat, pau-koat 干答門 (Pî-hái Kì-iû), 干豆門 (皇輿全覽圖), 干答, 干豆, 關杜, 江頭, 肩脰, 乾竇 kap 關豆 téng-téng. Ji̍t-pún Sî-tāi siá 關渡 (カンタウ) 江頭 (かうたう) khah chē; 江頭 che mā sī thih-lō͘ Tán-chúi Sòaⁿ ê chhia-chām ê miâ.\n\nChiàn-āu chha-put-to lóng thóng-it siá-chò 關渡. Phì-lūn-kóng Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn Tām-chúi Sìn-gī Sòaⁿ ê Kan-tāu Chām. Ah Tâi-gí hoat-im it-ti̍t lóng sī \"Kan-tāu\", chia̍t-ūn kóng-pò mā kóng \"Kan-tāu\".\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------","meta":{"title":"Kan-tāu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1250,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1466}} -{"text":"**A-la-pek Jī-bó** (A-la-pek-gí: الأَبْجَدِيَّة العَرَبِيَّة‎ *al-abjadīyah al-ʻarabīyah* á-sī الحُرُوف العَرَبِيَّة *al-ḥurūf al-ʻarabīyah*) sī A-la-pek-gí ēng--ê tùi chiàⁿ kàu tò ê jī-bó [en], Sī ùi A-lân Jī-bó (亞蘭-) kái--ê chú-im im-sò͘ bûn-jī (子音音素-, *abjad*), m̄-koh mā ū kî-thaⁿ--ê hû-hō piau bó-im, kap Hi-pek-lâi Jī-bó sio-siâng. Pún-té sī hō͘ A-la-pek-gí ēng--ê, m̄-koh sûi-tio̍h Kó͘-lân-keng kap I-su-lân-kàu bûn-hoà--ê thoân-iông, Pho-su-gí, Uyghur-gí téng mā sú-iōng. Hàn-gí mā ū eng che piau-im--ê Siáu-jî-keng [zh]. Chiū sǹg Thó͘-ní-kî-gí kap Má-lâi-gí téng kái-ēng kî-thaⁿ bûn-jī, A-la-pek Jī-bó iáu-sī tú Lô-má-jī goā siōng chē lâng ēng--ê jī-bó.\n\nJī-bó-pió\n---------\n\nA-la-pek Jī-bó-pió\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Thong-iōng türk jī-bó\n\n| Toaⁿ-siá | Liân-siá | Jī-bó miâ | La-teng choán-siá | Hoat-im (IPA) |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Sû-bé | Sû-tiong | Sû-thâu |\n| ا‎ | ﺎ‎ | ﺎ‎ | ا‎ | ʾalif | *ʾ* / *ā* | /aː/ téng |\n| ﺏ‎ | ـب‎ | ـبـ‎ | بـ‎ | bāʾ | *b* | /b/, chit-koá goā-lâi-gí tha̍k-chò: /p/ |\n| ﺕ‎ | ـت‎ | ـتـ‎ | تـ‎ | tāʾ | *t* | /t/ |\n| ﺙ‎ | ـث‎ | ـثـ‎ | ثـ‎ | ṯāʾ | *ṯ* | /θ/ |\n| ﺝ‎ | ـج‎ | ـجـ‎ | جـ‎ | ǧīm | *ǧ* (mā siá-chò *j*, *g*) | /ɡ/, /dʒ/, /ʒ/ |\n| ﺡ‎ | ـح‎ | ـحـ‎ | حـ‎ | ḥāʾ | *ḥ* | /ħ/ |\n| ﺥ‎ | ـخ‎ | ـخـ‎ | خـ‎ | ḫāʾ | *ḫ* (mā siá-chò *kh*, *x*) | /x/ |\n| ﺩ‎ | ـد‎ | ـد‎ | د‎ | dāl | *d* | /d/ |\n| ﺫ‎ | ـذ‎ | ـذ‎ | ذ‎ | ḏāl | *ḏ* (mā siá-chò *dh*, *ð*) | /ð/ |\n| ﺭ‎ | ـر‎ | ـر‎ | ر‎ | rāʾ | *r* | /r/ |\n| ﺯ‎ | ـز‎ | ـز‎ | ز‎ | zāy | *z* | /z/ |\n| ﺱ‎ | ـس‎ | ـسـ‎ | سـ‎ | sīn | *s* | /s/ |\n| ﺵ‎ | ـش‎ | ـشـ‎ | شـ‎ | šīn | *š* (mā siá-chò *sh*) | /ʃ/ |\n| ﺹ‎ | ـص‎ | ـصـ‎ | صـ‎ | ṣād | *ṣ* | /sˁ/ |\n| ﺽ‎ | ـض‎ | ـضـ‎ | ضـ‎ | ḍād | *ḍ* | /dˁ/ |\n| ﻁ‎ | ـط‎ | ـطـ‎ | طـ‎ | ṭāʾ | *ṭ* | /tˁ/ |\n| ﻅ‎ | ـظ‎ | ـظـ‎ | ظـ‎ | ẓāʾ | *ẓ* | [ðˁ~zˁ] |\n| ﻉ‎ | ـع‎ | ـعـ‎ | عـ‎ | ʿayn | *ʿ* | /ʕ/ |\n| ﻍ‎ | ـغ‎ | ـغـ‎ | غـ‎ | ġayn | *ġ*(mā siá-chò *gh*) | /ɣ/ (chē-chē goā-lâi-gí tha̍k-chò /ɡ/) |\n| ف‎ | ـف‎ | ـفـ‎ | فـ‎ | fāʾ | *f* | /f/, chi̍t-koá goā-lâi-gí tha̍k-chò /v/ |\n| ﻕ‎ | ـق‎ | ـقـ‎ | قـ‎ | qāf | *q* | /q/ |\n| ﻙ‎ | ـك‎ | ـكـ‎ | كـ‎ | kāf | *k* | /k/ |\n| ﻝ‎ | ـل‎ | ـلـ‎ | لـ‎ | lām | *l* | /l/, (tû-liáu tī *Allah* ài tha̍k [lˁ]) |\n| ﻡ‎ | ـم‎ | ـمـ‎ | مـ‎ | mīm | *m* | /m/ |\n| ن‎ | ـن‎ | ـنـ‎ | نـ‎ | nūn | *n* | /n/ |\n| ﻩ‎ | ـه‎ | ـهـ‎ | هـ‎ | hāʾ | *h* | /h/ |\n| ﻭ‎ | ـو‎ | ـو‎ | و‎ | wāw | *w* / *ū* | /w/ / /uː/, ū-sî-á tī goā-lâi-sû tha̍k /u/, /o/ kap /oː/ |\n| ﻱ‎ | ـي‎ | ـيـ‎ | يـ‎ | yāʾ | *y* / *ī* | /j/ / /iː/, ū-sî-á tī goā-lâi-sû tha̍k /i/, /eː/ kap /e/ |\n\nTé-bó-im hû-hō\n--------------\n\nThong-siông tī Kó͘-lân-keng kap chi̍t-koá khé-bêng chheh ēng.\n\n| Hû-hō | hoat-im |\n| --- | --- |\n| َ | [a] |\n| ِ | [i] |\n| ُ | [u] |\n\nHa̍p-jī\n-------\n\nA-la-pek-gí ū chit-koá ha̍p-jī [zh]. Pí-lūn: Thài-su-bí (Hàn-jī: 太斯米, Eng-gí: Basmala), choân-bûn sī بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ (*b-ismi-llāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīmi*, Hōng siōng jîn (仁) siōng chû (慈)--ê Chin-chú--ê miâ), ha̍p-jī sī ﷽ (Thóng-it-bé: U+FDFD).\n\nSò͘-jī\n------\n\n### A-la-pek sò͘-jī\n\nA-la-pek sò͘-jī tī A-la-pek jī-bó ū pa̍t-khoán siá-hoat. Urdu-gí ēng--ê khah sêng Pho-su-gí--ê siá-hoat, m̄-koh ū tām-po̍h-á bô-kâng:\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Pak-hui Maghreb [en], Au-bí | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |\n| Tiong-tang A-la-pek | ٠ | ١ | ٢ | ٣ | ٤ | ٥ | ٦ | ٧ | ٨ | ٩ |\n| Pho-su-gí téng | ۰ | ۱ | ۲ | ۳ | ۴ | ۵ | ۶ | ۷ | ۸ | ۹ |\n\n### A-la-pek jī-bó sò͘-jī\n\nKap Lô-má Sò͘-jī [en] kâng-khoán, A-la-pek jī-bó mā thang piáu-sī sò͘-jī:\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| ن | م | ل | ك | ي | ط | ح | ز | و | ه | د | ج | ب | ا | Bûn-jī |\n| n | m | l | k | y | ṭ | ḥ | z | w | h | d | j | b | ʼ | Choán-siá |\n| 50 | 40 | 30 | 20 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | Sò͘-tit |\n| غ | ظ | ض | ذ | خ | ث | ت | ش | ر | ق | ص | ف | ع | س | Bûn-jī |\n| ḡ | ẓ | ḍ | ḏ | ḵ | ṯ | t | š | r | q | ṣ | f | ‘ | s | Choán-siá |\n| 1000 | 900 | 800 | 700 | 600 | 500 | 400 | 300 | 200 | 100 | 90 | 80 | 70 | 60 | Sò͘-tit |\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* A-la-pek-gí\n* I-su-lân su-hoat","meta":{"title":"A-la-pek jī-bó","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1305,2673,0.4882154882154882],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4472}} -{"text":"**Ngô͘ To̍k-liû** (吳濁流; 1900 nî 6 goe̍h 28 ji̍t – 1976 nî 10 goe̍h 7 ji̍t) sī chi̍t ūi Tâi-oân chin ū-miâ ê si-jîn, siáu-soat-ka kiam kì-chiá. I-ê pún-miâ hō-chò **Ngô͘ Kiàn-tiân** (吳建田), sī Sin-tek-koān Sin-po͘-tìn chhut-sin ê Kheh-lâng. Ngô͘ To̍k-liû it-seng siōng-kài chhut-miâ ê tiông-phian siā-hōe phe-phoàⁿ siáu-soat ū *A-sè-a ê Ko͘-jî*, *Bû-hoa-kó* kap *Tâi-oân Liân-khiàu*. Ngô͘ To̍k-liû bat tòa tī Biâu-le̍k kap Tiong-kok Lâm-kiaⁿ, āu-lâi poaⁿ-sóa kàu Tâi-pak-chhī seng-oa̍h. Ùi Tâi-pak Su-hoān pit-gia̍p, ka-ji̍p Le̍k-siā chò si-jîn, chiâⁿ-chò Kheh-ka bûn-ha̍k ê tiōng-iàu chok-ka. Lēng-gōa, i iā bat chhòng-pān *Tâi-oân Bûn-gē* cha̍p-chì, lo̍h-bóe tī i boán-liân ê sî-chūn koh siat-li̍p Ngô͘ To̍k-liû Bûn-ha̍k-chióng, sī Tâi-oân tī Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn liáu-āu tiōng-iàu ê bûn-ha̍k chok-ka, hō͘ lâng hō-chò \"thiat-hiat si-jîn\" (鐵血詩人).\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 59889088\n* LCCN: n81145707\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 8139 7310\n* SUDOC: 120444607\n* NDL: 00005804\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ngô͘ To̍k-liû","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[112,934,0.11991434689507495],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1165}} -{"text":"**Ni-khí** khí-lia̍t tāi-iok tùi chhut-sì 6 kó·-goe̍h khai-sí hoat-gê kàu 2 hòe-pòaⁿ chó-iū hoat liáu, sī jîn-lūi tē-1 thò ê chhùi-khí. 6 hòe chó-iū kàu 12 hòe chó-iū kî-kan ni-khí lo̍k-sio̍k thoat-lo̍h ōaⁿ-chò éng-kiú-khí. Chin chió-sò· ê chêng-hêng hā ( sian-thian-sèng khiàm-khoat éng-kiú-khí, *oligodontia* ) ni-khí ē kè-sio̍k ûi-tî kàu saⁿ-sì-cha̍p-hòe chiah thoat-lo̍h.\n\nNi-khí ê sò·-bo̍k kap miâ-chheng\n--------------------------------\n\nNi-khí chóng-kiōng ū 20 khí, múi 1-ê quadrant ū 5 khí, iû kīn-sim kàu oán-sim hun-pia̍t sī 1 khí chèng-tiong mn̂g-khí, 1 khí chhek mn̂g-khí, 1 khí kak-khí kap 2 khí kiū- khí. Ūi-tio̍h kán-tan, múi 1 khí ni-khí lóng-ū tāi-hō, pí-jû-kóng Set square systemàn-chiàu quadrant ûi thâu-chêng kàu āu-piah kā pian-chó A, B, C, D, kap E. Tò-pêng téng-koân ê kak-khí tio̍h siá-chò +C ( C khǹg tī tò-pêng téng-koân hit-ê quadrant), kî-thaⁿ lūi-thui. Siông-sè chhiáng khòaⁿ chhùi-khí chia.\n\nNi-khí ê hêng-thāi kap kái-phòa\n-------------------------------\n\nNi-khí ê hâm-chúi-liōng pí éng-kiú-khí khah-chē, che tì-sú ni-khí ê sek-tì chham éng-kiú-khí bô-sio-siâng, ni-khí ê sek-tì pí éng-kiú-khí khah nâ-pe̍h, a̍h éng-kiú-khí pí-kàu--khì-lâi khah n̂g khah phú-sek. Ni-khí ê khí-gún-pō· (*cervix*) pí éng-kiú-khí khah siu-sok, án-ne sú-tit ni-khí ê gê-koan (*crown*) ná-siuN pí khí-kin ke chin-tōa. Ni-khí gê-koan ê gê-iū-chit kap gê-pún-chit lóng tāi-iok 1 mm kāu, pí éng-kiú-khí ke chin-po̍h. Ni-khí mn̂g-khí ke̍k kak-khí kan-tāⁿ ū 1-ê khí-kin, a̍h kiū-khí ū 2-ê kàu 3-ê khí-kin. Ni-khí kiū-khí ê khí-kin pí éng-kiú-khí khah-iù-siù, chi-kan ê kū-lî pí éng-kiú-khí khah tōa, ia̍h-tio̍h-sī kóng khí-kin khui khah khui, bē-su-nā giap peng-kak ê giap-á (*ice tongs*). Chit-ê thí-khui ê giap-á-hêng ê khí-kin hêng-thāi sī ūi-tio̍h beh iông-la̍p chiap-sio̍k beh hoat-chhut ê éng-kiú sió-kiū-khí, in-chhú tī-teh bán-tû khí-kin iah-bē khip-siu ê ni-kiú-khí ê sî-chūn, tio̍h-ài sè-jī.\nNi-khí ê gê-chhóe-khiuⁿ (*pulp chamber*) tōa-sió chiàm gê-koan ê pí-lē pí éng-kiú-khí khah-tōa, in-chhú sió-kóa chiù-khang tio̍h-ē chiù kàu gê-chhóe (it-poaⁿ lâng kóng sîn-keng). Ni-khí gê-chhóe hoat-seng pēⁿ-piàn ê sî, *lamina dura* ê phò-hāi siâng-chāi chhut-hiān tī khí-kin hun-kî (*furcation*) ê só·-chāi, a̍h éng-kiú-khí chhut-hiān tī khí-kin bóe-liu (*root apex*) ê só·-chāi khah-chē.\n\nNi-khí chhut-khí ê sî-kan\n-------------------------\n\nFig:**Chhùi-khí kài-hòa kap chhut-khí sî-kan**\n\nNi-khí ê kong-lêng\n------------------\n\nNi-khí ê kong-lêng m̄-ā **pō·-chia̍h**, **hoat-im**, kap **bí-koan**, iah-ū khí-lia̍t **khong-kan ûi-chhî** ( *space maintenance* ) kap **ín-tó éng-kiú-khí chhut-khí** (萌發, *teething, eruption* ) ê kong-lêng.\n\nFig:**Ni-khí kap éng-kiú-khí siong-tùi ūi-tì ê koan-hē**\n* **Ín-tó éng-kiú-khí chhut-khí**\n\nÉng-kiú-khí ē tùi ni-khí ê ē-kha ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á ǹg-gōa chhut-khí, éng-kiú-khí iân-lō· ǹg-gōa hoat--chhut-lâi, ni-khí ê khí-kin iân-lō· khip-siu. Nā-chún ni-khí in-ūi chiù-khí he̍k-chiah-sī kî-thaⁿ goân-in thê-chá thoat-lo̍h, bô ni-khí ê ín-tó, éng-kiú-khí ē khah-bān hoat-chhut.\n\nFig:**Ni-khí ê phû-sóa**\n* **khong-kan ûi-chhî**\n\nKháu-khiuⁿ ê chhùi-khí ū phû-sóa ê kheng-siōng, ni-khí ê C, D ē ǹg oán-sim phû-sóa ( *distal drifting* ), a̍h ni-khí ê E kap éng-kiú-khí ê 6, 7, 8 ē ǹg kīn-sim ( *mesial* ) phû-sóa. Tī pêng-hêng ê pō·-chia̍h ki-bah hē-thóng kap kiān-khong ê chhùi-khí chêng-hêng chi-hā, chhùi-khí ê siong-tùi ūi-tì ē ta̍t-kàu ún-tēng ê chōng-thāi. Nā D he̍k E thê-chá thoat-lo̍h he̍k-sī sio-chaip-bīn chiù-khí ( *proximal caries* ), oán-sim kap kīn-sim sio-chiap ê chhùi-khí tio̍h-ē sio-óa--khòe-lâi, chō-sêng khí-lia̍t khong-kan ê sòng-sit. Khí-lia̍t kīn-oán-sim tn̂g-tō· kiám-chió sī tì-sú éng-kiú-khí hoat bē chéng-chê ê goân-in chi-it.\n\nFig:**Khong-kan sòng-sit tì-sú éng-kiú-khí hoat bē chéng-chê**\n\nNi-khí chi̍t-pēⁿ ê tī-liâu\n--------------------------\n\n**Fig:Ni-khí ê toān-chhóe tī-liâu**\n**Fig:Ni-khí ê bán-chhóe tī-liâu**\nIn-ūi ni-khí ê kai-tōaⁿ-sèng te̍k-sèng, tī tī-liâu sî khó-lū ê tiōng-tiám sī án-chóaⁿ hō· gín-á pêng-iú sūn-lī chiap-siū tī-liâu, 1 bīn ûi-chhî ni-khí ê kong-lêng, koh 1 bīn khak-pó éng-kiú khí-lia̍t ê sūn-lī bêng-hoat.\n\nNi-khí chiù-khí ê **thiⁿ-pó· tī-liâu** chú-iàu bo̍k-piau sī hō· gin-á pêng-iú ē-tàng tī kheng-sang kap khoài-lo̍k chêng-hêng hā oân-sêng tī-liâu, a̍h m̄-sī oân-bí ê thiⁿ-pó·. Ni-khí it-poaⁿ siāng-bān 12 hòe tio̍h ē lok--khí, thiⁿ-pó· sú-iōng ê châi-liāu ê khó-lū kap éng-kiú-khí bô-kâng. Ni-khí thiⁿ-pó· sú-iōng ê châi-liāu siāng tāi-seng khó-lū ê sī ***glass ionomer***, In-ūi *glass ionomer* sui-jiân tòng khah bē kú, m̄-koh ū liâm-kiat-èng, m̄-bián chhia-bôa *undercut*, án-ne tio̍h ē-tàng chīn-liōng pó-liû chhùi-khí,jī-chhiáⁿ *glass ionomer* koh ē sek-chhut *fluoride* kàng-kē koh chiù-khí ê ki-hōe. Soah--lo̍h-lâi khó-lū ê sī **gîn-hún** (*amalgam*), in-ūi i siāng kan-tan. Chòe-āu chiah-sī **ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí** (*composite resin*), in-ūi i ki-su̍t siāng bín-kám, tú tio̍h chhùi-nōa he̍k heh-e̍k tio̍h-ē sit-pāi. \n\nChiù-khí nā chiù kàu gê-chhóe tio̍h su-iàu **kin-kńg tī-liâu**, ni-khí ê kin-kńg tī-liâu ū hun-chò **toān-chhóe-su̍t** (斷髓術, *pulpotomy*) kap **bán-chhóe-su̍t** (挽髓術, *pulpectomy*) 2 tióng. Toān-chhóe-su̍t tio̍h-sī kā gê-chhóe-khiuⁿ ê gê-chhóe chhiat-tû, a̍h pó·-liû kin-kńg ê gê-chhóe. Che sit-hap sú-iōng tī gê-chhóe hoat-iām kan-tāⁿ hoat-seng tī gê-chhóe-khiuⁿ, bô pau-koa̍h kin-kńg ê chêng-hêng. Bán-chhóe-su̍t tio̍h-sī kā gê-chhóe-khiuⁿ kap kin-kńg ê gê-chhóe lóng bán-tû, sit-hap sú-iōng tī hoat-iām í-keng chhim-hoōn káu kin-kńg ê gê-chhóe, sīm-chí í-keng pháiⁿ-sú (壞死, *necrosis*) ê sî-chūn. It-poaⁿ lâi-kóng, ni-khí ê kin-kńg tī-liâu sêng-kong-lu̍t khah-kē, iû-kî sī\n\nNi-khí chi̍t-pēⁿ ê ī-hông\n-------------------------\n\n *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nGê-khí kái-phòa-ha̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Beng-miâ-hoat | \n* Glossary of dentistry\n* Universal Numbering System\n\n |\n| |\n| Lâng ê chhùi-khí | \n* Éng-kiú-khí\n\t+ Mn̂g-khí\n\t+ Kak-khí\n\t+ Sió-āu-chan\n\t+ Āu-chan\n* Ni-khí\n\n |\n| |\n| Siōng-go̍k-kut ê chhùi-khí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mn̂g-khí | \n* Chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí\n* Lateral incisor\n* Canine\n\n |\n| |\n| Sió-āu-chan | \n* First premolar\n* Second premolar\n\n |\n| |\n| Āu-chan | \n* First molar\n* Second molar\n* Tē-3 tōa-kiū-khí\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Hā-go̍k-kut ê chhùi-khí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mn̂g-khí | \n* Central incisor\n* Lateral incisor\n* Canine\n\n |\n| |\n| Sió-āu-chan | \n* First premolar\n* Second premolar\n\n |\n| |\n| Āu-chan | \n* First molar\n* Second molar\n* Tē-3 tōa-kiū-khí\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Chhùi-khí ê kok-pō͘-hūn | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Crown | \n* Cusp\n\t+ Cusp of Carabelli\n* Zuckerkandl's tubercle\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Khí-chhoé\n* Kin-kńg tī-liâu\n\t+ Apical foramen\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Cementoenamel junction\n* Khí-iū-chit\n* Dental-enamel junction\n* Khí-pún-chit\n* Dental papilla\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Mamelon\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Dental alveolus\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ni-khí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[750,6188,0.12120232708468003],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8144}} -{"text":"**Reggae** sī Se-ìn-tō͘ Kûn-tó ê 1 khoán bú-pō͘ kap im-ga̍k, mā ēng lâi kóng Jamaica toā-pō͘-hūn im-ga̍k ê chóng-hō-miâ. M̄-koh tia̍t-pia̍t sī chí ska kap rocksteady hoat-tián liáu-āu ê 1 chióng im-ga̍k hêng-sek. Raggae sī 1960 nî-tāi tī Jamaica khí-ki liáu-āu, chū-án-ne heng--khí-lâi-ê, tùi Se-kok ê liû-hêng-koa ū chiâⁿ toā ê éng-hióng, 1970 kap 1980 nî-tāi kài sî-kiâⁿ.\n\nChit-khoán im-ga̍k tia̍t-sû ê só͘-chāi, sī i kā khah tāng ê liâu-phah hē tiàm im-ga̍k-tek ê jio̍k-phah téng-koân, ga̍k-thoân--ni̍h ē ū 1 ê hū-chek pán-liâu ê gí-tah-chhiú ē chhú-lí chit-pō͘-hūn, hō-chò \"skank\", nā kē-im kó͘ tō tī ta̍k siáu-chiat ê tē-2 kap tē-4 ê phek-ūi kòng--lo̍h, hō-chò \"drop\".\n\nReggae ê koa-sû tiāⁿ chhú-lí ê chú-tê, pau-koat sìn-gióng, ài-chêng, koan-hē, sàn-chhiah, bû-kong-gī kap pa̍t-hāng khah khoah-bīn ê siā-hoē gī-tê. Reggae ê koa-sû mā tiāⁿ khan-sia̍p-tio̍h suh tāi-mâ kap hoán-tùi tông-sèng-loân kap khoàⁿ-bô lú-sèng, chiah-ê loē-iông khah gâu éng-khí-tio̍h cheng-gī.\n\nChit-ê im-ga̍k khoán-sek kap Rastafari ê hoa̍t-tōng kap thoân-thé ū chin chhim ê koan-hē, tāi-piáu ê koa-chhiú sī Bob Marley, Bob Marley pún-sin tō-sī Rastafari ê sêng-oân.\n\nReggae artists\n--------------\n\n* Bob Marley & The Wailers\n* Third World\n* Toots & The Maytals\n* Steel Pulse\n* Matunbi","meta":{"title":"Reggae","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[724,1885,0.3840848806366048],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1437}} -{"text":"Chù Eng-kok Tâi-pak Tāi-piáu-chhù\n**Tâi-pak Keng-chè Bûn-hoà Tāi-piáu-chhù** (臺北經濟文化代表處), kán-chheng **Tâi-oân Tāi-piáu-chhù** ia̍h **Tâi-pak Pān-sū-chhù**, sī Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok tī m̄-sī pang-kau ê kok-ka só͘ siat-li̍p ê goā-kau ki-koan, si̍t-chè-siōng hêng-sú tāi-sài-koán ia̍h léng-sū-koán ê pō͘-hūn koân-chek, hiáng-iú chù goā-kok pō͘-hūn goā-kau lé-gū ê tāi-piáu ki-kò͘. Chia-ê kok-ka in-ūi chham Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ū goā-kau koan-hē, só͘-í bô beh chham Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chèng-hú kiàn-li̍p chèng-sek ê pang-kau. Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Goā-kau-pō͘ thàu-kòe chit-khoán tāi-piáu-chhù lâi hām chù-chāi-kok pó-chhî chèng-tī, keng-chè bō͘-e̍k kap bûn-hoà téng-téng ê koan-hē.\n\nKhài-iàu\n--------\n\nTâi-pak Keng-chè Bûn-hoà Tāi-piáu-chhù ê kong-lêng sī hoat-tián si̍t-chit ê tùi-téng hō͘-lī koan-hē, chhiok-chìn Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok kap goā-kok kan keng-bō͘, tâu-chu, bûn-hoà, kho-ki téng-téng kau-liû ha̍p-chok kap bîn-kan ê liáu-kái kap hō͘-chō͘; tī goā-kok si̍t-chit tāi-piáu Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok ê lī-ek. Tâi-pak Tāi-piáu-chhù chek-ke̍k cheng-chhú í \"Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok\" ia̍h-sī \"Tâi-oân\" ê miâ-gī. tān-sī siū-tio̍h Tiong-kok ê chó͘-chí, só͘-í kan-na ē-sái sú-iōng kî-thaⁿ tāi-piáu-sèng ê chheng-ūi. Tâi-pak Tāi-piáu-chù sui-jiân bô hō-chò tāi-sài-koán, tān-sī keng-iû Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Goā-kau-pō͘ ê koaⁿ-hong siū-koân, ē-tàng hêng-sú tāi-sài-koán ia̍h-sī siong-koan goā-kau ki-kò͘ ê pō͘-hūn chit-chek, pí-lūn he̍k-hoat Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok ê hō͘-chiàu kap chhiam-chèng téng-téng.\n\nTī it-poaⁿ ê chêng-hêng hā, Tâi-pak Tāi-piáu-chhù hiáng-iú tī-goā hoat-koân ê pó-chiòng, chù-chiat kok-ka só͘ thê-kiong ê léng-sū pó-hō͘ ki-chè sio-oá; pō͘-hūn kok-ka hō͘ Tâi-pak Tāi-piáu-chhù jîn-oân téng-tông chèng-sek goā-kau sú-chiat ia̍h-sī kok-chè cho͘-chit jîn-oân ê sin-hūn, hiáng-iú goā-kau te̍k-koân ia̍h-sī goā-kau hat-bián-koân ê thāi-gū; pí-lūn: Bí-kok, Ji̍t-pún, Liú-se-lân, Sūi-se, Saudi A-la-pek téng-téng. Kî-thaⁿ kok-ka mā tī Tâi-oân siat-li̍p lūi-sū ê tāi-piáu ki-kò͘, pí-lūn Bí-kok chāi Tâi Hia̍p-hōe Tâi-pak Pān-sū-chhù kap Ka-ná-tāi chù Tâi-pak Bō͘-e̍k Pān-sū-chhù téng-téng.\n\nTiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Goā-kau-pō͘ kā \"tāi-piáu-chhù\" ê tē-ūi tēng-gī chò tāi-sài-koán, ah \"pān-sū-chhù\" chò léng-sū-koán. Ūi-tio̍h beh phòe-ha̍p cho͘-chit kái-chō, chiàu Li̍p-hoat-īⁿ tī 2012 nî 1 goe̍h 20 hō thong-kòe pēng-chhiáⁿ keng-iû chóng-thóng kong-pò͘ ê *Chù-goā Ki-kò͘ Cho͘-chit Thong-chek*, kî-tiong kui-hoān Goā-kau-pō͘ kap kî-thaⁿ tiong-iong pō͘-hōe chù-goā ki-kò͘ ê cho͘-chit pian-chè; ùi 9 goe̍h 1 hō khai-sí kā chù-goā jîn-oân ê hêng-chèng chit-chheng thóng-it í chèng-sek koaⁿ-hâm tēng-tēng, chù-goā ki-kò͘ ê koán-tiúⁿ lóng hō-chò tāi-sài, kái-koat goân-sian tāi-sài-koan, chóng léng-sū-koán, tāi-piáu-chhù, pān-sū-chhù jîn-oân chit-chheng ho̍k-cha̍p ê būn-tê.\n\nIn-ūi Hiong-káng kap Ò-mn̂g nn̄g ê só͘-chāi sī Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu, chiàu *Hiong-káng Ò-mn̂g Koan-hē Tiâu-lē* (香港澳門關係條例), chù hia ê Tâi-pak Keng-chè Bûn-hoà Pān-sū-chhù ê chú-koán ki-koan sī Hêng-chèng-īⁿ Tāi-lio̍k Úi-oân-hōe, m̄-sī Goā-kau-pō͘, í piáu-sī Káng Ò chham kî-thaⁿ kok-ka bô kāng-khoán.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-pak Keng-chè Bûn-hoà Tāi-piáu-chhù","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,3157,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3576}} -{"text":"**A-má-káng** (Hôa-gí: 汞齊; Eng-gí: amalgam) sī chúi-gîn (*mercury*) kap 1-kóa-á kî-thaⁿ kim-sio̍k ê ha̍p-kim (*alloy*). A-má-káng sī khí-kho thūn chiù-khang chiâⁿ phó·-phiàn ê châi-liāu chi-it, ū pah-gōa-tang ê le̍k-sú--á. Khí-kho teh iōng ê a-má-káng sī chúi-gîn kap gîn (*silver*), siah (*tin*), kiau tâng (*copper*) ê ha̍p-kim, ū-sî ē-koh ka-siōng kî-thaⁿ chió-liōng ê kim-sio̍k, hó-pí-sī sin (*zinc*), palladium, téng-téng. Tī-chia ài kiông-tiāu, **a-má-káng** kap **a-má-káng a-lò·-ì** (gîn-hún, *amalgam alloy*) sī bô-kâng ê; a-má-káng a-lò·-ì kap chúi-gîn keng-kòe hùn-ha̍p (*amalgamation*) chiah chiâⁿ-chòe a-má-káng. Só·-í lūn-chin-kóng thūn tī chhùi-khí--ê í-keng m̄-sī gîn-hún, sī gîn-hún kap chúi-gîn ê hùn-ha̍p-bu̍t kiò-chòe a-má-káng. Ē-kha khai-sí, sú-iōng khah chèng-khak ê a-má-káng lâi chhú-tāi it-poaⁿ bîn-chióng só·-kóng ê gîn-hún.\n\nTú hùn-ha̍p--chut-lâi ê a-má-káng sī nńg--ê, ū khó-sok-sèng (*plasticity*), chiâⁿ lī-piān lâi kā thūn--jip-khí chhia hó-sè ê chiù-khang. Kòe kúi hun-cheng āu i to̍h pìⁿ tēng, chiâⁿ-chòe a-má-káng ê thiⁿ-pó·-bu̍t. Chit-chióng a-má-káng thiⁿ-pó·-bu̍t in-ūi ū gîn-sek phú-á-sek ê gōa-koan, khah-bô hó-khòaⁿ, lóng hông sú-iōng tī āu-piah-khí, chiâⁿ hán-tit iōng-tī thâu-chêng-khí.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nKhí-kho ê a-má-káng a-lò·-ì\n---------------------------\n\n### Sêng-hūn\n\nChú-iàu ê hòa-ha̍k sêng-hūn sī gîn kap siah, kî-thaⁿ iah ē-sái ka-ji̍p tâng, sin, kim, palladium, indium, kap chùi-gîn, m̄-koh bē-sái pí gîn kap siā ka--khí-lâi ê liōng khah-chē. \n\nKa-ji̍p sin ē-sái pang-chàn a-má-káng a-lò·-ì ê seng-sán chè-chō. M̄-koh a-má-káng tī chhùi--nih thūn liáu, sin ē ín-khí thè-oàⁿ ê phòng-tiòng (*delayed expansion*). \n\nKa-ji̍p tâng ē-sái cheng-ka a-má-káng tú-te̍k chhiūⁿ-sian ê lêng-le̍k.\n\n### Chè-chō\n\nLathe-cut a-lò·-ì ê chè-chō hong-sek:\n\n1. Tāi-seng kā sêng-hun kim-sio̍k ka-jia̍t iûⁿ chò-hóe, tò ji̍p-khì bô·-á, chiâⁿ-chò a-lò·-ì. A-lò·-ì tau̍h-tau̍h-á hō· liâng, sán-seng chú-iàu Ag3Sn (*γ phase*) kap pō·-hūn Cu3Sn.\n2. A-lò·-ì goân-choân léng liáu-aū, koh ka-jia̍t kàu 400℃, î-chhî 6 kàu 8 tiám-cheng, hō· Ag3Sn ê hun-pò· kēng-ka chiâu-chê.\n3. Koh-lâi ēng chhia-chhn̂g kā a-lò·-ì chhiat-siah chò iù-iù-ìu ê thih-sap-iù-á. Sap-iù-á ê tōa-sió chiâⁿ tiōng-iàu, ài ēng thai-táu lâi kòe-tiû, koh ēng bō-á lâi géng-bo̍ah.\n4. Tú-chiah chhiat-siah hó· ê a-lò·-ì amalgamate kap kiat-tēng chiâⁿ-kín. Sió-kóa-á se̍k-sêng (*aging*) tùi sán-phín ê pó·-chû-kî-hān ū-sū-sái. Se̍k-sêng tī pō·-pêng sek-lāi un-tō· hoān-sè ài kúi-á lé-pài he̍k kúi-á kó·-go̍eh. Jîn-kang se̍k-sêng kā khǹg-tī 60℃ kàu 100℃ 1 kàu 6 tiám-cheng tio̍h ē-saí-tit.\n\nÎⁿ-kiû-hêng hún-lia̍p a-lò·-ì ê chè-chō hong-sek:\n\nTāi-seng kā sêng-hun kim-sio̍k ka-jia̍t iûⁿ chò-hóe, koh-lâi tī bi̍t-pì ê khong-kan ēng ko-ap ê pun-tōaⁿ-sèng khì-thé, keng-kòe chi̍t-ê li̍h-phāng iù-iù-iù kā phùn--chhut-khì lēng-chi̍t-ê bi̍t-pì ê khong-kan. Kin-kù só· sú-iōng ê khì-thé kah iûⁿ-iûⁿ ê a-lò·-ì chi-kan ê piáu-bīn tiuⁿ-la̍t ê bô-kâng, só· phùn--chhut-lâi ê hún-lia̍p ē-sī î--ê he̍k sió-khóa-á bô kui-chek ê î-kiû-hêng.\n### Gîn-siā a-lò·-ì\n\nKhí-kho ê a-má-káng a-lò·-ì chú-sêng-hūn sī **gîn** kap **siah**. Chè-chō ê sî, siah só·-chiàm ê pí-lu̍t chiâⁿ tiōng-iàu, ài î-chhî tī 27% chó-iū, tī iûⁿ-ha̍p āu ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á kàng-un kàu 480℃ chi-hā, chiah-ē sán-seng Ag3Sn (*γ phase*), si̍t-bu̍t-siōng siah ê pí-lu̍t tī 26% kàu 30% hoān-ûi chi-lāi. Chhun--ê 73% chó-iū sī gîn, he̍k chú-iàu sī gîn koh ka-siōng chió-liōng ê kî-thaⁿ kim-sio̍k. \n\nChhiau-kòe-chē he̍k siuⁿ-kòe-chió ê siah tùi lo̍h-bóe ê a-má-káng ê sèng-chit ū bô-hó ê éng-hióng. Siah ê pí-lu̍t chhiau-chhut hoān-ûi, Ag3Sn (*γ phase*) ê liōng ē kiám-chió, tì-sú a-má-káng ê sèng-chit piàn-bái.\n\nGîn nā chēng-ka, a-má-káng kiat-tēng (*setting*) ê sî-kan kiám-chió. Siah nā chēng-ka, a-má-káng ê kiông-tō· (*strength*) kiám-jio̍k, creeping chēng-ka.\n\nThiam-ka palladium ē-sái pang-chàn ki-hâi sèng-chit (*mechanical properties*) kap tú-te̍k seⁿ-sian (*corrosion resistance*).\n\nA-má-káng ê géng-bo̍ah kap hùn-ha̍p\n-----------------------------------\n\n### Kē-tâng a-lò·-ì\n\nA-má-káng a-lò·-ì the̍h-lâi kah chúi-gîn tâng-chê géng-bo̍ah kap hùn-ha̍p (*amalgamation*), chúi-gîn khai-sí kah a-lò·-ì hún-lia̍p piáu-bīn ê gîn kap siah khí hoán-èng sán-seng Ag2Hg3 (*γ1 phase*) kap Sn7-8Hg (*γ2 phase*). \n\nChit-ê γ1 kap γ2 phase ê cheng-thé tng-teh hêng-sêng ê sî, a-má-káng sī siong-tùi nńg-joán, hó chiⁿ-ah kap tiau-khek. Soah--lo̍h-lâi a-má-káng ē pìⁿ tēng, bē-tàng koh chiⁿ-ah kap tiau-khek. Ùi géng-boa̍h kiat-sok kàu a-má-káng kiat-tēng, chit-toāⁿ sî-kan kiò-chò khang-khòe sî-kan (*working time*).\n\nĒng-lâi kah a-lò·-ì géng-boa̍h ê chúi-gîn bô-kàu-gia̍h, só·-í goân-té ê Ag3Sn (*γ phase*) iah-ū chhun. Chit-ê kē-tâng (*low-copper*) a-lò·-ì kap chúi-gîn hoán-èng ê kòe-têng ē-sái ēng ē-kha chit-ê hoán-èng-sek lâi piáu-sī:\n\n```\nAg3Sn (γ phase, chhiau-kòe-liōng) + Hg --> Ag2Hg3 (γ1 phase) + Sn7-8Hg (γ2 phase) + Ag3Sn (γ phase, bī-hoán-èng)\n```\n\nTī hó-liáu-á chiⁿ-ah ê a-má-káng lāi-té, chú-iàu ê cheng-thé sī Ag2Hg3 (γ1 phase), chha-put-to chiàm thé-chek ê 54% chì 56%. γ kap γ2 phase hun-pia̍t chiàm 32% chì 35% kap 11% chì 13%.\n\n### Koân-tâng a-lò·-ì\n\nKoân-tâng ê a-má-káng a-lò·-ì koh hun-chò **hùn-ha̍p-hêng** kap **tan-it-cho·-sêng-hêng** nn̄g-chióng. Hùn-ha̍p-hêng ê hún-lia̍p hêng-chōng kap cho·-sêng bô sio-siâng, in sī gîn-siah kap gîn-tâng hún-lia̍p hùn-ha̍p chò-hóe. Gîn-siah hún-lia̍p ê cho·-sêng tī tāi-pō·-hūn ê sán-phín lóng sio-siâng, m̄-koh gîn-tâng hún-lia̍p ê cho·-sêng tio̍h piàn-hòa khah-chē. Tan-it-cho·-sêng-hêng ê hún-lia̍p sī îⁿ-kiû-hêng--ê, cho·-sêng mā it-lu̍t.\n\nKē-tâng kap koân-tâng ê chú-iàu bô-kâng m̄-nā-sī hâm tâng liōng ê bô-kâng, jî-sī khah-chē ê tâng tùi a-má-káng siu-ho̍k-thé ê hāu-kó. Tī γ2 phase sán-seng āu kúi-tiám-cheng lāi, sek-tòng sò·-bo̍k ê tâng ē kā γ2 phase siau-tû. γ2 phase sī a-má-káng siāng chhùi-jio̍k koh siāng-gâu seⁿ-sian ê pō·-hūn, sī a-má-káng siu-ho̍k-thé siū-miā kiám-chió ê goân-in chi-it.\n\n### Hùn-ha̍p-hêng koân-tâng a-lò·-ì kap chúi-gîn ê hoán-èng\n\nTâng, gîn kap siah iûⁿ tī chúi-gîn ê têng-tō· bô-kâng, tâng siāng-sió, koh-lâi gîn, siah siāng-tōa. In-chhú chúi-gîn tāi-pō·-hūn ē kah gîn-siā a-lò·-ì hún-lia̍p hoán-èng, hui-siông-chió ê liōng chiah kah gîn-tâng hoán-èng. Gîn-siah hu̍n-lia̍p ê piáu-bīn pō·-hūn kap chúi-gîn hoán-èng sán-seng γ1 kap γ2 phase, lāi-té iáu-ū bī-hoán-èng ê gîn-siah. Soah--lo̍h-lâi, gîn-siah hún-lia̍p piáu-bin̄ ê γ2 phase liâm-mi kah gîn-tâng hún-lia̍p hoán-èng sán-seng Cu6Sn5, ia̍h-tio̍h-sī eta (η) phase ê tâng-siah hē-thóng, kap γ1 phase ê Ag2Hg3. Chit-kóa hoán-èng kòe-têng ē-sái iōng ē-kha nn̄g-tiâu hoán-èng-sek piáu-sī:\n\n```\nAg3Sn + Ag-Cu + Hg --> Ag2Hg3 (γ1) + Sn7-8Hg (γ2) + Ag3Sn + Ag-Cu\n```\n\nkap\n\n```\nSn7-8Hg (γ2) + Ag-Cu --> Cu6Sn5(η) + Ag2Hg3 (γ1)\n```\n\nA-má-káng ê te̍k-sèng\n---------------------\n\nA-má-káng ê ūn-iōng\n-------------------\n\nChúi-gîn ê in-sò·\n-----------------","meta":{"title":"A-má-káng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[801,6611,0.12116170019664196],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7845}} -{"text":"Tâi-pak Pin-koán ê chiàⁿ-bīn\n**Tâi-pak Pin-koán** (台北賓館) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú ê kok-ka chiau-thāi-só͘, ūi-tī Tâi-oân Tâi-pak-chhī Phok-ài Te̍k-khu lāi, mn̂g-pâi hō-bé sī Tâi-pak-chhī Tiong-chèng-khu Lê-bêng-lí Ke-ta-ga-lán Tāi-tō 1-hō. Tâi-pak Pin-koán sī choan-bûn teh chiau-thāi kok-pin ia̍h-sī kí-pān khèng-chiok oa̍h-tāng ê só͘-chāi.\n\nTâi-pak Pin-koán goân-lâi sī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê **Tâi-oân Chóng-tok Koaⁿ-tí** (台灣總督官邸). Hit-sî-chūn mā sī chò-ûi iàn-chhiáⁿ kùi-pin kap hông-cho̍k ê só͘-chāi. Chū tē-4 jīm Tâi-oân Chóng-tok Kodama Gentarô khai-sí, it-ti̍t kàu boa̍t-jīm chóng-tok Andô Rikiti ûi-chí, lóng-chóng ū 16-ūi chóng-tok chan-keng tòa tī chia.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Lī-kio̍k | Chóng-tok-koan-pông · Bîn-chèng-pō͘ · Kun-bū-kio̍k · Châi-bū-kio̍k · Si̍t-sán-kio̍k · Si̍t-niû-kio̍k · Thong-sìn-kio̍k · Tho͘-bo̍k-kio̍k · Lāi-bū-kio̍k · Bûn-kàu-kio̍k · Hoat-bū-kio̍k | |\n| |\n| Goā-kio̍k | Kau-thong-kio̍k (Thih-tō-pō͘ · Tē-sìn-pō͘) · Choan-bē-kio̍k · Kéng-chhat · Hoat-īⁿ · Tē-hng ki-koan |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | Chóng-tok-hú-pò · I-ha̍k-hāu · Chóng-tok Koaⁿ-tí |\n| |\n| Tâi-oân Chóng-tok · Chóng-bū Tióng-koaⁿ · Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú ê jîn-bu̍t |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi-pak Pin-koán","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[514,1180,0.43559322033898307],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1516}} -{"text":"\n**Sin-hôa Thong-sìn-siā**　(新华通讯社), kán-chheng \"Sin-hôa-siā\", Tiong-kok kok-ka thong-sìn-siā, kok-lāi siāng-tōa ê sin-bûn sìn-sit chhái-chi̍p kah hoat-pò· tiong-sim. Hiān-jīm ê siā-tiúⁿ sī Tiân Chhong-bêng (田聪明).\n\nkui-bô·\n-------\n\nSin-hôa-siā ê chiân-sin sī \"Âng-sek Tiong-hôa Thong-sìn-siā\", sêng-li̍p tī 1931 nî 11 go̍eh, 1937 chiah ké-miâ kiò-chò \"Sin-hôa-siā\". 1949 nî, Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok kiàn-kok liáu-āu, iû-kî sī 1978 nî Tiong-kok si̍t-hêng kái-kek khai-hòng í-āu, Sin-hôa-siā ê kui-bô· kah gia̍p-bū hōan-ûi ti̍t-thàu leh khok-tāi. Hiān-chú-sî, Sin-hôa-siā ê bo̍k-phiau sī chiâⁿ-chò \"kū-iú Tiong-kok te̍k-sek ê siā-hōe-chú-gī hiān-tāi-hòa sè-kài-sèng thong-sìn-siā\". Múi-chi̍t-kang, tī Sin-hôa-siā chiông-sū sin-bûn pò-tō, keng-êng kóan-lí kah ki-su̍t kang-chok ê lâng, chhiau-kòe chiâⁿ-bān.\n\nKi-kò· pian-chè\n---------------\n\nSin-hôa-sīa ê chóng-pō· siat-tī Pak-kiaⁿ. Chéng-kô ê sin-bûn chhái-chi̍p kah chhù-lí hē-thóng sī iû-tio̍h \"chóng-siā, kok-lāi hun-siā, kok-gōa hun-siā\" chit 3-ê pō·-hūn chó·-sêng.\n\nSin-hôa-siā tī kok-lāi siat-tī 33-ê hun-siā, tiàm chôan-kok 50-gōa-ê siâⁿ-chhī lóng-ū i ê chi-siā (Hàn-jī:支社) a̍h-sī kì-chiá-chām. Tī kok-gōa pah-gōa-ê kok-ka kah tē-khu mā-ū Sin-hôa-siā ê hun-siā. Che lia̍h-gōa, koh ū \"A-Thài, La-Bí, Hui-chiu, Tiong-tang kah Hoat-gí tē-khu lóng-chóng 5-ê ē-tàng ti̍t-chiap hiòng kok-gōa hoat-pò· ê chóng-hun-siā.\n\nSin-bûn hoat-pò· lêng-le̍k\n--------------------------\n\nSin-hôa-siā taⁿ ū 1-ê chôan hong-ūi, to kong-lêng ê sin-bûn pò-tō· kah hoat-pò· thé-hē. Tī kok-lāi, múi-kang thong-kòe choan-sòaⁿ, hun-pia̍t hiòng Tiong-iong, séng (ti̍t-ha̍k-chhī), tē-kip-chhī, kōan (kōan-kip-chhī), bóan-pò, choan-gia̍p-pò, tiān-tâi, tiān-sī-tâi hoat-sàng kok-hāng sin-bûn sìn-sit, iōng Tiong, Eng, Hoat, Se, Gô, A, Phû téng 7-chióng bûn-jī thàu-mê thàu-ji̍t teh hiòng chôan sè-kài pò·-sàng sin-bûn siau-sit, múi-kang hòng-sàng ê chóng-jī-sò· phó·-lio̍h 400-gōa-bān jī.\n\nBo̍k-chiân, Sin-hôa-siā í-keng tī hái-lāi-gōa kiàn-chō 1-ê pâng-tāi ê sin-bûn sìn-sit iōng-hō· bāng-lo̍k, pēng-chhiáⁿ hām chiong-kīn chiâⁿ-pah-ê gōa-kok kok-ka thong-sìn-siā a̍h-sī sin-bûn ki-kò· chhiam-tèng **sin-bûn kau-ōaⁿ ha̍p-chok hia̍p-gī**.\n\nChhut-pán mi̍h-á\n----------------\n\nSin-hôa-siā pian-chi̍p-pō· chhut-pán 20-gōa-chióng pò-chóa kah chu-khan. Sin-hôa Chhut-pán-siā múi-nî chhut-pán kok-hāng í sin-bûn kah sî-sū chèng-tī ûi-chú ê chheh, lóng-chóng 400-gōa-chióng.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Sin-hôa Thong-sìn-siā koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām","meta":{"title":"Sin-hôa-siā","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[43,2416,0.017798013245033113],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2815}} -{"text":"**Se-pan-gâ Tè-kok** (Se-pan-gâ-gí: Imperio Español) á Se-pan-gâ Si̍t-bîn Tè-kok (Se-pan-gâ-gí: Imperio colonial español) sī sè-kài siōng tē-it phoe chin-chiàⁿ ì-gī ê choân-kiû tè-kok kap si̍t-bîn tè-kok chi-it, mā iā-sī sè-kài le̍k-sú siōng toā ê tè-kok chi-it, pī jīn-ûi sī thâu-chi̍t-ê ji̍t-put-lo̍h tè-kok.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n16 sè-kí tiong, Se-pan-gâ kap Phû-tô-gê sī Au-chiu khoân-kiû thàm-hiám kap si̍t-bîn khok-tiong ê sian-khu, pēng tī koh toā hái-iûⁿ khai-thok bō͘-e̍k lō͘-soàⁿ, tì-sú bō͘-e̍k hoân-êng, lō͘-soàⁿ tùi se-pan-gâ hoâiⁿ khoà tāi-se-iûⁿ tio̍h bí-chiu, tùi ba̍k pìn ko hoâiⁿ khoà thài-pêng-iûⁿ, keng-húi lu̍t khûn eh pián-F-a. Se-pan-gâ cheng-ho̍k chiá chhui-húi liáu o siⁿ te̍k khek, ìn ka tè-kok kap má ngá bûn-bêng, pēng-tùi lâm pak-bí-chiu toā phiàn léng-thó͘ ióng-iú soan-chheng. hit-ê sî-chūn, pîn tio̍h kî keng-giām chhiong-chiok ê hái-kun, se-pan-gâ tè-kok chheng-pà hái-iûⁿ; pîn tio̍h kî kiaⁿ-lâng, hùn-liān ū sò͘ ê pō͘-peng hong-tīn (Tercio) , i chú-cháiⁿ au-chiu chiàn-tiûⁿ. Se-pan-gâ tī 16 tio̍h 17 sè-kí keng keng-le̍k i ê bûn-hoà n̂g-kim nî-tāi. \n\n16 sè-kí tiong-kî khai-sí, Se-pan-gâ Ha-pò͘-su-pó Ông-tiâu lī-iōng bí-chiu chhái-khòng só͘-tek ê kim-gûn chhú-tit koh khah chē kun-hùi, í èng-hù tī au-chiu kap pak-hui ê tn̂g-kî chiàn-cheng. se-pan-gâ tùi-1580 nî kiam pèng phû-tô-gê tè-kok (tī 1640 nî sit--khì) khai-sí, it-ti̍t î-chhî sè-siōng siōng toā--ê tè-kok, ti̍t tio̍h-19 sè-kí sòng-sit bí-chiu si̍t-bîn-tē, chiong hō͘ i tùi-1640 nî-tāi khai-sí tī kun-sū kap keng-chè liân hoan tú tio̍h pho-chiat. Chèng-tong se-pan-gâ in kiàn-li̍p tè-kok á bīn-tùi sin chhèng-kok-cho̍k khùn-kéng kap thòng-khó͘, I-ê su-sióng ka tī chū-jiân hoat, chú-koân, kok-chè-hoat, chiàn-cheng kap keng-chè kiàn-kò͘ liáu chi̍t-koá-siōng chá ê hiān-tāi su-sióng. kî iú-koan su-sióng ha̍k-phài thóng-chheng choè sat la-bān-kha̍h ha̍k-phài. In sīm-chì hoâi-gî Tè-kok chú-gī ê chèng-thóng. \n\nSe-pan-gâ kap tùi-te̍k kok-ka kè-sio̍k tò͘-cheng, ín-khí léng-thó͘, bō͘-e̍k kap chong-kàu chhiong-tu̍t, lóng tì-sú se-pan-gâ kok-le̍k tī 17 sè-kí tiong ia̍p khai-sí ku̍t-lo̍h. Tī Tē-tiong-hái, i kap Ò-si-bān tè-kok chiàn-sū pîn-hoân; tīau-chiu tāi-lio̍k, Hoat-kok chiām-chiām piàn kah kiông-tāi; tī hái-goā, se-pan-gâ tāi-seng kap phû-tô-gê kēng-cheng, liáu āu-lâi ê tùi-chhiú pau-koat Eng-kek-lân kap Hô-lân. Jî-chhiáⁿ, Eng, Hoat, Hô sam-kok chi-chhî hái-siōng chhiúⁿ-kiap, se-pan-gâ tī kî léng-thó͘ koè-tō͘ tōng-iōng kun-le̍k, chèng-hú tham-u chim-chhu giâm-tiōng í-ki̍p kun-hùi tì-sú keng-chè thêng-tùn, choè-chiong tì-sú tè-kok ê soe-lo̍h. \n\n1713-nî ê o͘ -tek-leh-ki hô-iok hō͘ Se-pan-gâ sit-khì tī Ì-tāi-lī kap kē-toē kok-ka ê sēng-û léng-thó͘, chiong-kî-boé kiat-sok loh kî au-lio̍k tè-kok. Se-pan-gâ liáu-āu ê chêng-hóng tńg-hó, ē-sái kóng sī tī Au-chiu chèng-tī it-ti̍t chí put-kò sī chi̍t ê nn̄g-lâu kok-ka. \n\nM̄-koh, se-pan-gâ it-ti̍t î-chhî pēng khok-tiong kî si̍t-bîn tè-kok. Á-tio̍h liáu 19 sè-kí, poàn-tó chiàn-cheng ê chhiong kek ín-khí úi-lāi-sūi-lah kap pa-lá-kui soan-pò͘ to̍k-li̍p (1811-nî). Toè liáu-āu hoat-seng ê kek-bēng hō͘ se-pan-gâ sòng-sit tī ka-le̍k pí hái hū-kīn ê si̍t-bîn-tē. Se-pan-gâ Tè-kok tī Ka-le̍k-pí-hái (Se-sio̍k Kó͘-pa kap Se-sio̍k Pho-to-lê-kok) , A-chiu (sai sio̍k hui-lu̍t-pin) kap Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu (sai sio̍k koan-tó, sai chiok-bi̍t khek lô nî se-a, sai chiok-pe̍h-liû kap sai sio̍k pak-bé lí a la̍p kûn-tó) lóng pó-liû siong-tong chē ê léng-thó͘, ti̍t tio̍h-1898 nî ê Bí-se Chiàn-cheng. Se-pan-gâ koa-pun hui-chiu só͘-tek hui-siông siàu, pau-koat sai sio̍k mô͘-lo̍k-ko, sai sio̍k kúi-lāi-a kap sai sio̍k soah ha lah, hun-pia̍t ti̍t tio̍h-1956, 68 kap 75 nî. Kàu chit-má, kan-taⁿ uì-tī pak-hui iân-hoāⁿ ê ka ná lī kûn-tó, hiu ta̍t, mûi-lī-lī-a kap kî-thaⁿ chú-koân-tē iah-koh lē-sio̍k-tī Se-pan-gâ.","meta":{"title":"Se-pan-gâ Tè-kok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,3677,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4221}} -{"text":"**Truku-cho̍k** sī Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn ê 1-cho̍k, mā ū lâng siá-chò **Taroko**.\n\nTaⁿ kóng ê Truku-cho̍k pau-koah goân-té hông khoàⁿ-chò Tang-Sediq-kûn lāi-té ê 3-ki, ia̍h-tō-sī **Truku**, **Tkdaya**, **Te uda** 3-ê kûn.\n\nTruku-cho̍k hiān-chhú-sî khiā-khí ê khu-he̍k chú-iàu tī Hoa-lian-koān ê Siù-lîm-hiong (秀林鄉), hiong lāi ê Bûn-lân-chhoan (文蘭村), Tâng-mn̂g-chhoan (銅門村), Chúi-goân-chhoan (水源村), Ka-bîn-chhoan (佳民村), Kéng-boé-chhoan (景美村), Sìu-lîm-chhoan (秀林村), Hù-sè-chhoan (富世村), Chhîong-tek-chhoan (崇德村), Hô-pêng-chhoan (和平村), hām Bān-êng-hiong (萬榮鄉) ê Âng-hio̍h-chhoan (紅葉村), Bêng-lī-chhoan (明利村), Bān-êng-chhoan (萬榮村), Kiàn-chêng-chhoan (見晴村), Se-lîm-chhoan (西林村), chham Toh-khe-hiong (卓溪鄉) ê Lūn-soaⁿ-chhoan (崙山村), Li̍p-soaⁿ-chhoan (立山村) téng-téng.\n\nTruku thoân-thóng ê pō·-lo̍k sī ēng ka-cho̍k chò ki-chhó lāi hoat-tián--ê, phoe-bô· bô kóng kài tōa, m̄-koh hō·-siong lóng ū chhin-chiâⁿ ê koan-hē. Kāng 1-ê ka-cho̍k ê pō·-lo̍k bē lī siuⁿ hn̄g, siōng-ke poàⁿ-kang tō kiâⁿ ē kàu-uī.\n\nChhin-chhīuⁿ chit-khoán khiā tī hū-kīn koh ū hiat-iân koan-hē ê pō·-lo̍k tō ē kap-chò 1-ê chè-sū thoân-thé, ka-cho̍k thoân-thé, phah-la̍h thoân-thé, sīm-chì chiâⁿ-chò kāng-chi̍t-ê khe-khàm lâu-he̍k ê tông-bêng.\n\nTruku-cho̍k hām Tâi-oân kî-thaⁿ ê goân-chū-bîn sio-siâng, in éng-chá pún-sin pēng bô **cho̍k** chit-ê koan-liām, siōng-ke mā kan-taⁿ ū **Te uda**, **Tkdaya**, **Truku** chit-khoán **kûn** ê khài-liām niā-tiāⁿ. Sui-jiân cho̍k-lâng ê khío-thoân le̍k-sú ū chin chheng-chhó kóng chó·-kong-á sī tùi sai-pêng chhian-soá--lâi-ê, m̄-koh in-ūi sî-kan koè chin kú, sûi-lâng tèng-kin tī ka-tī ê thó·-tē, in hām sai-pêng khiā tī Lâm-tâu ê cho̍k-lâng soah bô-it-tēng ū kāng-chi̍t-cho̍k ê siūⁿ-hoat. Éng-koè sīm-chì koh ē hō·-siong chhut-chhó.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hêng-chèng-īⁿ ū sêng-jīm | Amis-cho̍k (Pangcah)   Tayal-cho̍k   Bunun-cho̍k   Kanakanavu-cho̍k   Kavalan-cho̍k   Paiwan-cho̍k   Puyuma-cho̍k   Rukai-cho̍k   Saaroa-cho̍k   Sakizaya-cho̍k   Saisiyat-cho̍k   Seediq-cho̍k   Tao-cho̍k   Thao-cho̍k   Truku-cho̍k   Tsou-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Tē-hng ū sêng-jīm | Makatao-cho̍k (Pîn-tong-koān)   Siraya-cho̍k (Tâi-lâm-chhī)   Taivuan-cho̍k (Hoa-liân-koān Hù-lí-hiong) |\n| |\n| Koaⁿ-hong bô sêng-jīm | Babuza-cho̍k   Basay-cho̍k   Hoanya-cho̍k   Kaxabu-cho̍k   Ketagalan-cho̍k   Kulon-cho̍k   Luilang-cho̍k   Papora-cho̍k   Pazeh-cho̍k   Qauqaut-cho̍k   Taokas-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ hun-lūi | Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k   Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k   Formosa-lâng |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Truku-cho̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[658,2391,0.27519866164784607],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2944}} -{"text":"**Bô-siaⁿ tiān-iáⁿ** sī bô phoè siaⁿ-im, tia̍t-pia̍t sī bô kâng-sî tùi-oē im-siaⁿ ê iáⁿ-hì.\n\nHō͘ tiān-iáⁿ ū phoè siaⁿ-im ê siūⁿ-hoat, ē-sái kóng kap tiān-iáⁿ ê le̍k-sú pêⁿ kú-tn̂g. M̄-koh in-ūi ki-su̍t ê būn-tê, 1920 nî-tāi oáⁿ-kî chìn-chêng, toā-pō͘-hūn tiān-iáⁿ lóng bô-siaⁿ.\n\n1927 nî, sè-kài thâu-chi̍t-chhut ū-siaⁿ tiān-iáⁿ *The Jazz Singer* chiah chhut-hiān, tī che chìn-chêng, siū-tio̍h bô siaⁿ ê chè-hān, ū khai-hoat chē-chē ki-su̍t lâi chhù-lí koan-sióng ê būn-tê, chiah-ê choh-hoat mā tī hiān-tāi tiān-iáⁿ kè-sio̍k sú-iōng. Pí-lūn kóng: chhut-tiûⁿ ê jîn-bu̍t ê tùi-oē ēng jī-bō͘ piáu-hiān, ián-oân ê khoe-hâi tio̍h khah hiàn-táu téng-téng.\n\nBô-siaⁿ tiān-iáⁿ hóng-sàng ê sî, mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ēng ga̍k-thoân lâi phoāⁿ-chàu, tán ū-siaⁿ tiān-iáⁿ ê ki-su̍t si̍t-chè èng-iōng liáu-āu, bô-siaⁿ tiān-iáⁿ mā tī hòng-sàng ê sî ka-siōng siaⁿ-tō (*sound track*), hō-chò ū-siaⁿ-pán (*sound version*).\n\nTī bô-siaⁿ tiān-iáⁿ ê sî-tāi, Ji̍t-pún kap Tâi-oân tī iáⁿ-hì leh pàng ê sî, ē ū piān-sū kāng-sî-chūn chò loē-iông ê kái-soeh, hit-tang-chūn mā chhut-hiān chi̍t-koá chhut-miâ ê piān-sū.","meta":{"title":"Bô-siaⁿ tiān-iáⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1111,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1282}} -{"text":"Chhiah-gû kap ham-i siong-koan ê phòe-kiāⁿ.\n**Gû-liāu-soh / Gû-soh** Chit-tiâu bô-it-tēng khoàⁿ oē chiūⁿ-ba̍k ê soh-á sī lâng khan choh-sit-gû, chiáng-ap gû, hān-chè, kò͘-tēng gû oa̍h-tāng, chia̍h-chháu hoān-ûi (liāu-gû), kái-piàn î-soá gû-ê chia̍h-chháu só͘-chāi (soá-liāu), kài-hó-ê ke-si. Siat-sú soh-á lâi khì hō͘-i thu̍t-khì (thu̍t-liāu), khì hō͘-i tn̄g-khì (tn̄g-liāu), gû nā-sī un-sûn lán koh tī gû-phīⁿ khan-lâi têng pa̍k tio̍h-hó, gû nā-sī iâu-koh siàu-liân (sin-gû-á), ah-sī iá-sèng tài-tāng, gû lân-tit chū-iû sī oē cháu hō͘-lâng jiok. Lâng nā-si kiâⁿ-oá-khì i tio̍h khí-kha-cháu, lî-lâng chi̍t-tè-á i tō àⁿ-lo̍h chia̍h-chháu, sì-kè sńg-lâng chhân-hn̂g ngó͘-kok. Hō͘ chú-lâng, hō͘ chú-lâng-in kui-chhù-nih ê lâng, hō͘ chú-lâng-in kap chng-nih khoàⁿ-boē-koē-sim ê lâng, tī ji̍t-sî jiok-kàu àm-sî saⁿ-kiⁿ-poàⁿ-mî to iâu-teh-jiok. Chhun chit-khoán phái lia̍h-liāu ê gû, beh khan-chhut gû-tiâu-kan it-tēng ài kì-è sûn gû-liâu-soh.","meta":{"title":"Gû-liāu-soh","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,945,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1074}} -{"text":"**Phài-chhut-só͘** (派出所), sī siōng-kài ki-chân ê kéng-chhat ki-kò͘, mā ē-sái chí i só͘-chāi ê kiàn-tio̍k. Phài-chhut-só͘ tāi-pō͘-hūn sī tē-hng kéng-chhat-kio̍k só͘ siat-li̍p, hat-khu ê hoān-ûi thong-siông bē chiok tōa, tī to͘-chhī khó-lêng sī kúi-nā tiâu lō͘, nā-sī tī chng-kha só͘-chai khó-lêng tio̍h sī chi̍t ê chng-thâu. Chi̍t ê phài-chhut-só͘ lāi-té ê kéng-chhat jîn-oân thong-siông m̄ chē, mā bô choan-bûn ê khu-liû-só͘, cheng-sìn-sek téng-téng ê siat-si, sīm-chì ū khó-lêng ēng it-poaⁿ ê pâng-keng lîm-sî khu-liû jîn-hoān.\n\nJi̍t-pún\n--------\n\nJi̍t-pún ê Kameariekimae-Kitaguchi phài-chhut-só͘ (亀有駅北口交番), ang-á-ōe *O͘-liông Phài-chhut-só͘* tio̍h-sī kah chit-keng phài-chhut-só͘ tòng-chò pōe-kéng.\nJi̍t-pún tī 1874 nî tiàm Tang-kiaⁿ siat-li̍p \"Kōban\"(Ji̍t-gí: 交番), 1881 nî kái-miâ chò \"Hashutsujo\"(Ji̍t-gí: 派出所), pēng-chhiáⁿ tī choân-kok kok-tē siat-tì. 1994 nî koh ùi Hashutsujo kái tńg-khì Kōban. Tī kok-lāi ki-tiûⁿ, gōa-kok chù Ji̍t-pún tāi-sài-koán, tiōng-iàu koaⁿ-oân koaⁿ-tí téng só͘-chāi só͘ siat-tì ê kéng-chhat siat-si, kiò-chò Keibihashutsujo(Ji̍t-gí: 警備派出所).\n\nTâi-oân\n-------\n\nTī Tâi-oân ê kéng-chèng thé-hē tang-tiong, kéng-chhat hun-chù-só͘ (hàn-jī: 分駐所) kah phài-chhut-só͘ sī khîn-bū chip-hêng ê ki-kò͘, hū-chek kèng-khîn-khu ê kui-ōe, khîn-bū chip-hêng kah tok-tō[1].\n\nKéng-chhat-kio̍k àn-chiàu jîn-kháu, bīn-chek hun-pò͘ chêng-hêng kah tī-an su-kiû, siat-tì hun-kio̍k, ē-kha koh siat-li̍p phài-chhut-só͘. Nā hiong, tìn, chhī, khu kah kî-thaⁿ ê tē-khu liân-ha̍p siat-li̍p, jî-chhiáⁿ bô jīm-hô hun-kio̍k, tio̍h siat-li̍p hun-chù-só͘ tòng-chò hia ê chòe-ko chip-hêng khîn-bū tan-ūi, thong-siông pian-chè ē pí phài-chhut-só͘ tōa, tān kî-si̍t nn̄g ê ūi-kai sio-kâng.\n\nHân-kok\n-------\n\nHân-kok (hit-chūn iá-koh sī Ji̍t-pún thóng-tī) tī 1924 nî ê Kiaⁿ-siâⁿ (tio̍h-sī chit-má ê Seoul) khai-siat phài-chhut-só͘ (Hân-gí: 파출소). Hiān-tāi Hân-kok ê gōa-khîn-sek phài-chhut-só͘ hun-lūi ū saⁿ chióng: \n\n* Tē-khu tūi: phài-chhut-só͘ kái-chò tē-khu-tūi, hū-chek chiu-piⁿ tī-an. Koán-hat siú-to͘-khian kah tē-hng to͘-chhī.\n* Phài-chhut-só͘: koán-hat lio̍k-tē lāi-lio̍k, phian-phiah tē-khu kah tó-sū tē-khu.\n* Chhut-tiuⁿ-só͘: gōa-khîn-sek kéng-chhat-só͘ tang-tiong siōng ki-chân cho͘-chit, koán-hat tó-sū, phian-phiah lio̍k-tē he̍k-chiá soaⁿ-khu, hū-chek it-poaⁿ phài-chhut-só͘ ê gia̍p-bū.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* kéng-chhat\n* *O͘-liông Phài-chhut-só͘*\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\n1. ↑","meta":{"title":"Phài-chhut-só͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[431,2372,0.18170320404721754],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2739}} -{"text":"***Khu-pia̍t-ia̍h**: Ū kúi-nā-ê lâng hō·-chò N̂g Bûn-hiông*\n\n**N̂g Bûn-hiông** (黃文雄, 1937 nî 10 go̍eh 2—), Tâi-ôan to̍k-li̍̍p ūn-tōng ê chham-ú-chiá, 1970 nî Bí-kok New York-chhī *424 chhì Chiúⁿ àn* (四二四刺蔣案) ê chú-kak. Bat tam-jīm kòe Tâi-ôan Jîn-khôan Chhiok-chìn-hōe hōe-tiúⁿ, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok kok-chhek kò·-būn, choan-bûn hū-chek kah jîn-khôan ū koan-hē ê gī-tê.\n\nN̂g Bûn-hiông 1937 nî chhut-sì tī Tâi-ôan Sin-tek Se-mn̂g ê Lîm--ka tōa-chhù, gōa-kong sī Lîm Chiam-bôe (林占梅) ê hiō-tāi, lāu-pē bat chò-kòe Sin-tek chúi-tō-chúi chúi-chhiúⁿ ê chhiúⁿ-tiúⁿ. 1950 nî-tāi, thè-siú Tâi-ôan ê Kok-bîn-tóng, ūi-tio̍h an-tēng chèng-tī kio̍k-sè, si̍t-hêng tōa kui-bô· ê sàu \"kiōng-húi-á\" hêng-tōng, tó-lāi ē-sái kóng sī jîn-jîn chū-gûi, chin-chē ī-gī jîn-sū in-ūi án-ne hō· lâng lia̍h--khí-lâi koaiⁿ ji̍p kaⁿ-lô. N̂g Bûn-hiông ê lāu-pé sī chi̍t-ê láu-si̍t ê kong-bū-jîn-oân, mā in-ūi chit-khóan ê pe̍h-sek khióng-pò· soah piàn-chò hōan-lâng ji̍p-kaⁿ.\n\nN̂g Bûn-hiông tī Sin-tek Tiong-o̍h pi̍t-gia̍p liáu-āu, khó tiâu Kok-li̍p Chèng-tī Tāi-ha̍k sin-bûn-hē, āu--lâi tī Má-chó· lî-tó 東犬島 (東莒) chò-peng, thè-ngó· liáu tī 1963 nî bat tha̍k 1-tang Chèng-tī Tāi-ha̍k ê sin-bûn gián-kiù-só·. I tī 1964 nî tit-tio̍h Bí-kok Pittsburgh Tāi-ha̍k ê chiúⁿ-ha̍k-kim, kàu hia tha̍k siā-hōe-ha̍k gián-kiù-só·. 1966 nî chóan khì Cornell Tāi-ha̍k siā-hōe-ha̍k phok-sū-pan, tī hit-sî ê hóan-chiàn ūn-tōng kap ha̍k-seng ūn-tōng tiong lóng chin o̍ah-hiáⁿ.","meta":{"title":"N̂g Bûn-hiông (chèng-tī-ka)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1440,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1653}} -{"text":"**Bó-tan-siā Sū-kiāⁿ**, sī Ji̍t-pún tī 1874-nî, í Okinawa ê Miyako-tó (宮古島) ū lâng hō͘ Tâi-oân Bó͘-tan-siā goân-chū-bîn thâi--sí chò nôa-thâu, chhut-peng tī Lāng-kiô (chit-má ê Hêng-chhun) khí-soaⁿ lâi phah Tâi-oân ê sū-kiāⁿ.\n\nJi̍t-pún kā chit-ê sū-kiāⁿ kiò chò 台湾出兵 (chhut-peng kàu Tâi-oân) he̍k-sī 征台の役 (phah Tâi-oân ê chiàn-cheng).\n\nPōe-kéng\n--------\n\nIn-ūi Tâi-oân ê tē-lí chin tiōng-iàu, 19-sè-kí ê sî, tō it-ti̍t sī ta̍k-kok siūⁿ-beh bak-tak ê só͘-chāi, hit-tang-chūn tú heng-khí ê Ji̍t-pún mā-sī kî-tiong ê 1-ê kok-ka. Tâi-oân hit-tang-sî sī tī Tāi-chheng Tè-kok ê thóng-tī ē-bīn.\n\n1871-nî 11-goe̍h, Okinawa ê Miyako-tó ū 69-ê lâng tī hái--ni̍h tú-tio̍h toā-hong, chûn lâu lâi kàu Tâi-oân Lāng-kiô hū-kīn ê Pat-iâu-oan (八瑤灣), ia̍h-tō-sī chit-má ê Pîn-tong-koān Boán-chiu-hiong, ū 3-ê lâng tū-chúi-sí, 66-ê lâng khí-soaⁿ, choaⁿ-á kiâⁿ khì kàu hit-tang-chūn Paiwan-cho̍k Bó͘-tan-siā ê tē-kài, kiat-kó hō· hia ê goân-chūn-bîn kā thâi-sí 54-ê lâng, kan-taⁿ chhun 12-ê thang cháu-lī, tú-tio̍h Siā-liâu (社寮) ê lâng Lâu Thian-pó (劉天保), Iûⁿ Iú-ōng (楊友旺) hām Sòng Kok-liông (宋國隆) kā pāng-chān, chiah hō͘ koaⁿ-hú sàng tùi Hok-chiu, tī 1872-nî 6-goe̍h tńg khì Okinawa.\n\nHit-tang-chūn ê Okinawa sī Tāi-chheng Tè-kok ê phoan-sio̍k, hām Ji̍t-pún bô ti̍t-chiap koan-hē, chóng--sī Ji̍t-pún chū Meiji Thian-hông (明治天皇) chē-ūi liáu-āu, í-keng bô koh kiâⁿ Sakoku chèng-chek, Meiji Thian-hông khoàⁿ che sū-kiāⁿ sī 1-ê ki-hōe, thiau-kang tī 1872-nî 9-goe̍h hong Okinawa ê ông Siōng-thài (尚泰) chò phoan-chú, ngē kap Okinawa khan-in bán tāu-tîn, koh kā ta̍k-kok ê kong-sài thong-tī, kóng Okinawa í-keng kui-sio̍k Ji̍t-pún, sūn-soà sì-kòe pàng hong-siaⁿ, kóng Ji̍t-pún beh phah Tâi-oân.\n\nChhut-peng chìn-chêng ê chún-pī\n-------------------------------\n\n1872-nî tī Hok-chiu ê Ji̍t-pún léng-sū-kóan, phài Kabayama Sukenori (樺山 資紀), Kodama Gentarou (兒玉 源太郎) kap Mizuno Jyun (水野 遵) téng-téng 9-ê lâng khì Tâi-oân. In 6--goe̍h tùi Ji̍t-pún seng khì Pak-kiaⁿ, chiah choán khì Hiong-káng, liáu-āu tùi Hok-chiu chē chûn kàu Tâi-oân. Tī Tām-chúi ê Eng-kok léng-sū kā in tàu-saⁿ-kāng, sûi-lâng chi̍t-sì-kòe chò chhut-peng chìn-chêng ê chêng-pò siu-chi̍p.\n\nGōa-kau pí-chiap\n----------------\n\n1873-nî 3--goe̍h, Ji̍t-pún phài goā-bū-kheng Soejima Taneomi (副島種臣) chò chôan-kôan tāi-sài, Gōa-bū tāi-sîn Yanagiwara Sakimitsu (柳原前光) chò hù-sài, khì Pak-kiaⁿ.\n\nTāi-chheng Tè-kok hām Ji̍t-pún pí-chiap, Chheng-kok ê Lī-pō͘ Siōng-su Mô͘ Chhióng-hi (毛昶熙) kóng: \"Chheⁿ-hoan lóng tī gún kok thóng-tī í-gōa, tō chhin-chhiūⁿ kùi-kok ê Ezo (蝦夷) kāng-khóan, bô siū ông koán-lí, thong-sè-kài ê hoan-á lóng-sī án-ne.\"\n\nYanagiwara Sakimitsu kóng: \"Chheⁿ-hoan thâi lâng, kùi-kok lóng bô chhú-tī, in-ūi án-ne, gún kok beh chhut-peng thó-chōe, chóng--sī hoan-á ê só͘-chāi hām kùi-kok tī-lí khu-he̍k sio-chiap, nā bô seng kā lín kóng tō chhut-peng, bān-put-it éng-hióng tio̍h kùi-kok, ke kāu giâu-gî--ê, ūi-tio̍h mài siong-tio̍h nn̄g-kok hô-pêng, chiah seng kā lín thong-ti.\"\n\nMô Chhióng-hi soah koh kóng: \"Chheⁿ-hoan kah-sī bô siū gún kok tī-lí, beh mn̄g-chōe--bô lóng iû-chāi--lín.\"\n\nGōa-kau pí-chiap bô kiat-kó, soah koh ū Ji̍t-pún Akita-kōan (秋田縣) 4-ê lâng lâu khì Tâi-oân tang-pō͘ hái-hōaⁿ, khì hō͘ goân-chū-bîn chhiúⁿ-kiap.\n\nKun-sū hêng-tōng\n----------------\n\nGōa-kau pí-chiap liáu-āu, Meiji Thian-hông tùi goā soan-pò beh chhut-peng Tâi-oân, Bí-kok phài tī Ji̍t-pún ê kong-sài George Bingham kap Eng-kok kong-sài lóng piáu-sī in kok beh î-chhî tiong-li̍p.\n\nTú beh chhut-peng, Eng-kok kap Bí-kok soah pìⁿ-bīn kóng in hóan-tùi, Ji̍t-pún chèng-hún ài kun-tūi seng mài chhut--khì, m̄-koh kun-hong bô kā sìn-táu.\n\nJi̍t-pún lio̍k-kun tiong-chiòng Saigou Tsugumichi (西鄉從道) chē hō-chò Takasago (高砂) ê kun-lām, sut-niá 3,600-gōa lâng tùi Nagasaki (長崎) khí-kiâⁿ, Chheng-kok thóng-tī Tâi-oân siōng-tōa ê koaⁿ-oân Bân-chiat Chóng-tok (閩浙總督) Lí Ho̍h-liân (李鶴年) chai-iáⁿ liáu-āu, ū siá phoe hō͘ Saigou Tsugumichi kā tòng, m̄-koh Saigou Tsugumichi bô-ài chhap--i.\n\n1874-nî 3-goe̍h 22, Ji̍t-kun tùi Lāng-kiô khí-soaⁿ, Chheng-kok kun-tūi lóng bô kā tú-te̍k, liáu-āu Ji̍t-kun 3,600-gōa lâng hun-chò 3-lō͘ phah Bó-tan-siā, goân-chū-bîn bô Ji̍t-kun hit-khóan hiān-tāi ê chng-pī, m̄-koh iû-goân ióng-kám tú-te̍k.\n\nPaiwan-cho̍k goân-chū-bîn thè khì soaⁿ-kheⁿ, iû-goân put-sî sut-āu-phàu phah Ji̍t-kun, Ji̍t-kun tī soaⁿ--ni̍h kám-kak ngē-táu, sui-jiân chiàn-sí--ê chiah 12-ê, m̄-koh phòa-pēⁿ kòe-sin tō ū 561-ê, chí-hó thè tńg-lâi Ku-soaⁿ (龜山), m̄-koh m̄-khéng tńg Ji̍t-pún, choaⁿ-á lâu tī hia khui-hng, Ji̍t-pún chèng-hú koh kái beh chò gōa-kau pí-chiap.\n\nLō͘-bóe ê pâi-pí\n----------------\n\nChheng-kok chèng-hú siu-tio̍h siau-sit, tō phài Sím Pó-teng (沈葆楨) chò khim-chhe tāi-sîn lâi Tâi-oân chhú-lí, koh lēng-gōa phhài peng lâi Tâi-oân siú-pī.\n\nChit-ê sî-chūn Eng-kok kap Bí-kok lóng khai-sí kap Ji̍t-pún giâ, Ji̍t-pún in-ūi kun-sū hêng-tōng bô kài sūn-sī, choaⁿ-á phài Okubo Toshimichi (大久保利通) tī 9-go̍eh chhe 10 kàu Pak-kiaⁿ, lóng-chóng tâm-phòaⁿ 7-pái, iau-kiû Chheng-kok kā Ji̍t-pún pôe-sióng.\n\nChheng-kok chèng-hú bóe--ah pôe Ji̍t-pún 50-bān niú gîn, koh tī 2-pêng ê hô-iok siá kóng \"Ji̍t-pún chit-pái kóng in ūi-tio̍h pó-hō͘ Okinawa ê jîn-bîn phài peng khì Tâi-oân, Tiong-kok bô kóng in ū m̄-tio̍h.\" Án-ne chi̍t-ē tēng--loeh, piáu-sī Chheng-kok sêng-jīn Ji̍t-pún ū kôan pó-hō͘ Okinawa, Okinawa chò Chheng-kok phoan-sio̍k ê tē-ūi kiat-sok.\n\n10-go̍eh 31, Eng-kok phài Pak-kiaⁿ ê kong-sài Thomas Wade tńg-sū, hô-iok sêng-li̍p, Ji̍t-kun tī khí-soaⁿ ê só·-chāi Ku-soaⁿ khí pi chò kí-liām, liáu-āu chiah tńg khì Ji̍t-pún.\n\nBó-tan-siā Sū-kiāⁿ hō͘ ji̍t-pún tit-tio̍h chiâⁿ-tōa ê lī-ek, mā hō͘ Ji̍t-pún tùi Tâi-oân ê iá-sim ke koh khah tōa, Chheng-kok ē-sái kóng sī liáu-kang kiam si̍h-pún, sún-sit siong-tiōng.\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Taiwan Expedition of 1874*** |","meta":{"title":"Bó͘-tan-siā Sū-kiāⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[68,5603,0.012136355523826522],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6571}} -{"text":"\n**N̂g Hōng-chu** (黃鳳姿, 1928 nî 5 goe̍h 5 ji̍t chhut-sì), mā ū kì **N̂g--sī Hōng-chu** (黃氏鳳姿/黄氏鳳姿, *Kô-si Hôsi*), ang-sèⁿ **Ikeda** (池田), Báng-kah chhut-sin, sī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê Tâi-oân chok-ka. I ê tì-chok *Tâi-oân ê Siàu-lú* (臺灣の少女) tī 1943 nî ùi Ji̍t-pún chhut-pán. Kî-tha ê chá-kî chok-phín koh ū *Chhit-niû-má Seⁿ* (七娘媽生), *Chhit-iâ Peh-iâ* (七爺八爺) téng-téng. I chú-iàu ēng Ji̍t-gí leh chok-bûn.\n\nLâi-le̍k\n--------\n\nN̂g Hōng-chu tī 1928 nî 5 goe̍h chhe 5 ùi Tâi-pak chhut-sì, sī chhù-lāi ê tōa-hàn cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ, ka-têng sī Báng-kah ê bêng-bûn, lāu-pē N̂g Têng-hù (黃廷富) sī Tang-kiaⁿ Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k chut-gia̍p. In-ūi sè-hàn sî lāu-pē tī Ji̍t-pún kà-chheh, N̂g Hōng-chu sī lāu-bú Kia̍t Soat-sian (揭雪仙) kap a-chó͘ N̂g Chiong-tiân (黃章田) chhoā toā-hàn. Kia̍t--sī sī ko-téng lú-ha̍k-hāu chut-gia̍p; a-chó͘ sī hèng-chhù bîn-sio̍k kap le̍k-sú ê iûⁿ-khîm-ka, sī āu-lâi i chò bîn-sio̍k chhái-chi̍p ê chú-iàu lâi-goân.\n\n1935 nî 4 goe̍h, N̂g Hōng-chu ji̍p Liông-san Kong-ha̍k-hāu tha̍k-chheh. 1938 nî ê sî-chūn, N̂g Hōng-chu in-ūi chok-gia̍p *Thng-îⁿ* (湯圓) hō͘ i kong-ha̍k-hāu 2-nî ê sian-siⁿ Ikeda Tosio hoat-kiàn bûn-châi.\n\nBáng-kah ê siàu-lú hē-lia̍t bûn-chiong (pō͘-hūn).\nN̂g Hōng-chu tī 1940 nî tiō tī Tâi-oân chhut-pán *Chhit-niû-má Seⁿ* kap *Chhit-iâ Peh-iâ*. I mā tī hit-chūn ê sin-bûn-choá *Tâi-oân Ji̍t-ji̍t Sin-pò* (臺灣日日新報) kiam cha̍p-chì *Bîn-sio̍k Tâi-oân* (民俗臺灣), *Tâi-oân gē-su̍t* (臺灣藝術), kap *Bûn-gē Tâi-oân* (文藝臺灣) hoat-piáu bûn-chiong.\n\n1940 nî 4 goe̍h, N̂g Hōng-chu chham-ka kong-ha̍k-hāu ê chut-gia̍p lú-hêng, khí kàu Ji̍t-pún Tang-kiaⁿ téng só͘-chāi, hit-chūn i siá liáu chi̍t koá phoe-sìn kià tńg hō͘ Tâi-oân ê sī-toā-lâng kap sió-moē, chia phoe-sìn oan-ná hoat-piáu tī *Chhit-iâ Peh-iâ*, koh ū cha̍p-chì *Tâi-ji̍t* (台日), *Bûn-gē Tâi-oân* lāi-bīn.\n\n1941 nî 3 goe̍h, N̂g Hōng-chu kong-ha̍k-hāu chut-gia̍p, 4 goe̍h jip Tâi-pak-chiu-li̍p Tē-saⁿ Ko-téng Lú-ha̍k-hāu tha̍k-chheh. \n\n1943 nî 8 goe̍h N̂g Hōng-chu ê *Tâi-oân ê Siàu-lú* tī Ji̍t-pún Tang-kiaⁿ chhut-pán, hit-chūn i 15-hoè, hō͘ Ji̍t-pún-lâng chheng chò sī \"Tâi-oân ê Toyoda Masako\" (豊田正子, in chāi-tē ê siàu-lú chok-ka). 1941 nî 3 goe̍h, *Bûn-gē Tâi-oân* khan-hêng N̂g Hōng-chu kap Toyoda Masako chi kan ê phoe-sìn. In ê chok-phín lóng ū seng-oa̍h chok-bûn ê hêng-sek, chóng-sì N̂g Hōng-chu koh ū siá bîn-sio̍k kì-lio̍k.\n\nN̂g Hōng-chu tī 1947 nî 1 goe̍h kap i chìn-chêng ê sian-siⁿ Ikeda Tosio kiat-hun. Chiàm-niá Tâi-oân ê Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok tī 228 Sū-kiāⁿ hoat-seng liáu-āu hoat-pò͘ kā Ji̍t-pún-lâng sàng cháu ê bēng-lēng, āu-boé tī 5 goe̍h âng-á-bó͘ chò-hoè kòe Ji̍t-pún Simane-koān.\n\nTì-chok lia̍t-toaⁿ\n------------------\n\n*Tâi-oân Kong-lūn* (臺灣公論) téng-bīn ê N̂g Hōng-chu tì-chok kóng-kò.\n### Chheh\n\n* *Chhit-niû-má Seⁿ* (七娘媽生), 1940 nî 2 goe̍h 22 ji̍t, Ji̍t-hàu San-pâng (日孝山房) chhut-pán.\n* *Chhit-iâ Peh-iâ* (七爺八爺) , 1940 nî 11 goe̍h 15 ji̍t, Tang-to͘ Su-che̍k Tâi-pak chi-tiàm(東都書籍台北支店) chhut-pán.\n* *Tâi-oân ê Siàu-lú* (臺灣の少女), 1943 nî 8 goe̍h 10 ji̍t, Tang-to͘ Su-che̍k (東都書籍) chhut-pán.\n\n### Cha̍p-chì bûn-chiong\n\n* Siá *Chhit-niû-má Seⁿ* ê Sî-chūn (七娘媽生を書いた頃), *Tâi-oân Gē-su̍t*, 1 kńg 5 hō, 1940 nî 7 goe̍h 9 ji̍t.\n* Lia̍h Kâu (掠猴), *Bîn-sio̍k Tâi-oân*, 2 kńg 2 hō, 1942 nî 2 goe̍h.\n* Chhân-tiān ê Tau (田佃の家), *Bîn-sio̍k Tâi-oân*, 3 kńg 5 hō, 1943 nî 5 goe̍h.\n* Pún-tó Hū-jîn ê Ho̍k-sek (本島婦人の服飾), *Bîn-sio̍k Tâi-oân*, 3 kńg 10 hō, 1943 nî 10 goe̍h.\n* Gín-á ê Kàu-ióng Hong-hoat' (子供の躾け方), *Bîn-sio̍k Tâi-oân*, 4 kńg 2 hō, 1944 nî 2 goe̍h.\n\n### Phoe-sìn\n\n* Khí loē-tē lú-hêng ê thong-phoe, 1940 nî, mā tī *Tâi-oân ê Siàu-lú*, *Tâi-ji̍t*, *Bûn-gē Tâi-oân* khan-hêng.\n* N̂g Hōng-chu kap Toyoda Masako ê thong-phoe, 1941 nî, mā tī *Bûn-gē Tâi-oân* khan-hêng.\n\nChham-chiàu kap chu-kha\n-----------------------\n\n* 游珮芸 (2007). *日治時期台灣的兒童文化*. 玉山社. ISBN 9789867375919.\n\n1. ↑ Pún sèⁿ sī \"N̂g\", \"N̂g-sī\" sī hit tong-sî chèng-sek bûn-su ê koàn-sì.\n2. ↑ 鍾肇政 (1994-04-27). \"台灣（日文\"的\"）少女黃鳳姿－－記日治時台灣女作家\".\n3. 1 2 3 \"人物介紹 黃鳳姿\". *民俗台灣*. 國立政治大學圖書館.\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n* 陳艷紅, 民俗臺灣と日本人\n* 黄氏鳳姿著, 臺灣の少女, CiNii.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 254371605\n* NDL: 00111724\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"N̂g Hōng-chu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1239,3893,0.3182635499614693],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4763}} -{"text":"**N̂g It-lêng** (黃乙玲; Yee-ling Huang; 1969 nî 9 goe̍h 20 ji̍t chhut-sì ), pún-miâ **N̂g Bêng-chu** (黃明珠), tī Sin-pak-chhī chhut-sì, sī Tâi-oân chin chhut-miâ ê Tâi-oân-koa cha-bó͘ koa-chhiú. Tī 1987 nî chhut-tō, siōng-kài ū-miâ--ê sī i ai-oàn kap pi-siong ê chhiùⁿ-koa hong-keh. 30 hòe í-āu, i khai-sí sìn-gióng Hu̍t-kàu, chhiùⁿ-koa ê hong-keh piàn kah khah un-sûn. N̂g It-lêng lóng-chóng the̍h kòe 4 kái Kim-khek-chióng, mā sī 1990 nî-tāi, 2000 nî-tāi kap 2010 nî-tāi lóng the̍h kòe Kim-khek-chióng koa-hiō ê thâu chi̍t lâng. I ê tāi-piáu-chok ū chin chē, chhin-chhiūⁿ *Jîn-seng ê Koa* (人生的歌), *Bô Jī ê Chêng-phoe* (無字的情批), *Hái Pho-lōng* (海波浪), *Kóng Siáⁿ-mi̍h San-bêng-hái-sè* (講什麼山盟海誓), *Ài-chêng ê Chiú Lóng Bōe Thè* (愛情的酒攏袂退), *Ài Lí bô Tiâu-kiāⁿ* (愛你無條件), *Ài tio̍h chiah chai thiàⁿ* (愛到才知痛), *Kám-siā Bô-chêng Lâng* (感謝無情人), *Tiām-tiām* (惦惦), *Tiàm chāi Lí Sin-piⁿ* (惦在你身邊). N̂g It-lêng ē-sái kóng sī hiān-kim Tâi-oân-koa ê thian-hiō jîn-bu̍t.\n\nN̂g It-lêng sè-hàn chhù-lāi sàn-chhiah, chhut-gōa khì tī-leh Pak-tâu ê Nakasi cháu-chhiùⁿ. 1983 nî, hō͘ Iûⁿ Teng-khoe thê-poa̍t, kài-siāu hō͘ Ngô͘ Chìn-hoâi chò tē-chú. 1987 nî, N̂g It-lêng hoat-piáu tē-it tiuⁿ choan-chi̍p - *Kóng Siáⁿ-mi̍h San-bêng-hái-sè*, khai-sí chhut-miâ.\n\n* Chá-kî:\n\t+ *Kóng siáⁿ-mih san-bîng-hái-sè* (講什麼山盟海誓)\n\t+ *La̍k-goe̍h koà-chhài ké ū sim* (六月割菜假有心)\n\t+ *Choa̍t-chîng hong* (絕情風)\n\t+ *Siuⁿ-si hái* (相思海)\n\t+ *Chuí phoah lo̍h tē lân siu-hoê* (水潑落地難收回)\n\t+ *Chhi-chîng goe̍h-niû tó*(癡情月娘島)\n\n* Tiong-kî:\n\t+","meta":{"title":"N̂g It-lêng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[237,1464,0.16188524590163936],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1740}} -{"text":"**Siā-hoē kho-ha̍k** sī ha̍k-su̍t gián-kiù--ni̍h ê 1 ê toā hun-lūi, i só͘ khan-sia̍p--ê sī koan-hē jîn-lūi thoân-thé hām kò-jîn ê siā-hoē seng-oa̍h, chit lāi-té pau-koat jîn-lūi-ha̍k, ko͘-thong gián-kiù, keng-chè-ha̍k, jîn-bûn tē-lí-ha̍k, le̍k-sú-ha̍k, chèng-tī-ha̍k, sim-lí-ha̍k kap siā-hoē-ha̍k téng-téng ê ha̍k-kho.\n\nSiā-hoē kho-ha̍k ê le̍k-sú\n--------------------------\n\nTī jîn-lūi ê le̍k-sú--ni̍h, kho-ha̍k chit-ê sû pí lán taⁿ it-poaⁿ ê iōng-hoat sī koh khah khoat-bīn--ê, ū chin kú-tn̂g ê thoân-thóng tī-leh. Tī si̍t-chèng chú-gī heng-khí liáu-āu, kho-ha̍k ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á piàn-choè chū-jiân kho-ha̍k ê kán-séng-gí, mā in-ūi chit-ê éng-hióng, siā-hoē chū-án-ne piàn-chò ē-tàng gián-kiù ê kheh-thé, chit-ê kheh-thé hō͘ lâng khoàⁿ-chò sī ū cho͘-chit ê cho͘-ha̍p, tī sūn-thàn i pún-sin ê kui-chek kap hong-hoat-lūn ê goân-chek ē-kha, ē-tàng ka piau-chún-hoà, mā thang ēng kheh-koan-tek ê hong-sek lâi thoân-ta̍t kap kàu-io̍k.\n\n### Kó͘ Hi-lia̍p\n\n \n\n### Augustine\n\n \n\n### Islamic civilization","meta":{"title":"Siā-hoē kho-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,965,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1148}} -{"text":"**Jazz** (**chiok-sū-ga̍k**; 爵士樂) sī 1-chióng tī Bí-kok hoat-chó͘ ê im-ga̍k, chit-khoán im-ga̍k kā Hui-chiu-è Bí-kok-lâng ê im-ga̍k khoán-sek kap Au-chiu--ê kap-kap--khí-lâi.\n\nChit-khoán im-ga̍k tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sú-iōng ê ga̍k-khì pau-koat sà-khu̍h-so̍h-hòng, kó͘-chhoe, kǹg-khîm, kē-im chhiú-khîm, kap kó͘.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nJazz sī tī 20 sè-kí chhoe ê Bí-kok sán-seng--ê, chit lāi-tè ū siū-tio̍h Hui-chiu lô͘-lē im-ga̍k ê éng-hióng, thâu-chêng kóng--ê lô͘-lē, iā tō-sī hō͘ Se-kok-lâng ùi Hui-chiu lia̍h lâi Bí-kok lâm-pō͘ ê chhân-hn̂g choh-sit ê o͘-lâng, chiah-ê éng-hióng, chhan-chhiūⁿ \"khé-èng\" ê chhiùⁿ-hoat kap bu-lú nó͘-toh (*blue notes*) lóng sī lē, lēng-goā Jazz mā ū ùi Au-chiu thoân-lâi tī Bí-kok ê im-ga̍k khip-siu mi̍h-kiāⁿ.\n\nJazz ê hoat-tián ū bô-kâng ê hun-kî, 1920 nî-tāi sî-kiâⁿ ê sī New Orleans-style Jazz kap Dixieland jazz, nā 1930 nî-tāi, swing jazz khí-ki, lán kóng ê swing jazz mā ū lang kā kiò-chò \"big band jazz\". Kàu 1940 nî-tāi, ū Bebop jazz chhut-hiān. Kāng hit sî-chūn, toā-hêng ê jazz ga̍k-thoân oan-nā kài siū hoan-gêng, hō-chò jazz toā-ga̍k-thoân (*big bands*).\n\nJazz toā-ga̍k-thoân sù-siông ū kúi-ā-ê sà-khu̍h-so̍h-hòng ga̍k-chhiú, kúi-ā-ê kó͘-chhoe-chhiú, kúi-ā-ê chhun-kiu kó͘-chhoe ga̍k-chhiú, 1-ê kǹg-khîm ga̍k-chhiú, kap 1-ê kó͘-chhiú. 1950 nî-tāi ê sî, hard bop jazz chin sî-phài, 1960 nî-tāi, modern jazz kap free jazz chhut-thâu. 1970 nî-tāi hit-chūn, jazz fusion siōng tio̍h-sî, jazz fusion kā jazz, rock im-ga̍k sio-thàu-lām, nā hiān-chhú-sî, jazz ê khoán-sek iû-goân chiâⁿ chē, chhin-chhiūⁿ Nu-Jazz, electro-jazz kap impro-jazz téng-téng lóng-sī jazz lāi-té ê hun-ki.\n\nTiōng-iàu ê jîn-bu̍t\n--------------------\n\nTiōng-iàu ê Jazz im-ga̍k-ka kap piáu-ián-chiá siōng-bô ū ē-bīn chit kúi-ê:\n\n* Louis Armstrong\n* Ornette Coleman\n* John Coltrane\n* Chick Corea\n* Miles Davis\n* Duke Ellington\n* Ella Fitzgerald\n* Benny Goodman\n* Dizzy Gillespie\n* Billie Holiday\n* Charlie Parker\n* Oscar Peterson\n* Sarah Vaughn\n* Eubie Blake\n\nJazz hun-lūi\n------------\n\n* Dixieland Jazz\n* New Orleans Jazz\n* Be Bop\n* Free Jazz","meta":{"title":"Jazz","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[213,1886,0.1129374337221633],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2266}} -{"text":"2013 nî ê Tâi-pak Tiān-iáⁿ-cheh soan-thoân hái-pò\n**Tâi-pak Tiān-iáⁿ-cheh** (Hàn: 台北電影節; Eng: *Taipei Film Festival*) sī Tâi-oân ta̍k-nî tī Tâi-pak-chhī kí-pān ê tiān-iáⁿ-cheh. Chú-iàu iû 2-toā kēng-sài tan-goân \"Kok-chè Sin Tō-ián Kēng-sài\" (國際新導演競賽), \"Tâi-pak Tiān-ián-chióng\" (台北電影獎) kap chú-tê siâⁿ-chhī tan-goân só͘ cho͘-sêng.\n\n1988 nî iû *Tiong-sî Boán-pò* chhòng-li̍p ê \"Tiong-sî Boán-pò Tiān-iáⁿ-chióng\" (中時晚報電影獎), tī 1994 nî khai-sí kái-miâ chò \"Tâi-pak Tiān-iáⁿ-chióng\" (台北電影獎), hun chò siong-gia̍p kap hui-siōng-gia̍p 2 lūi. Ùi 1998 nî khí, Tâi-pak-chhī Chèng-hú ka-ji̍p chú-pān hâng-lia̍t. 2002 nî khí, Tâi-pak Tiān-iáⁿ-cheh ka-ji̍p \"Siâⁿ-chhī Chú-tê Tan-goân\", kui-ōe hit-ê siâⁿ-chhī ia̍h-sī kok-ka ê tiān-iáⁿ kap chō-tâm-hōe téng-téng oa̍h-tāng.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-pak Tiān-iáⁿ-cheh |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chióng-hāng | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Kok-chè Sin Tō-ián Kēng-sài | Siú-chióng **·** Phêng-sím-thoân Te̍k-pia̍t-chióng |\n| |\n| Tâi-pak Tiān-iáⁿ-chióng | Pah-bān Siú-chióng **·** Chòe-ka Kio̍k-chêng Tn̂g-phìⁿ **·** Chòe-ka Kì-lo̍k-phìⁿ **·** Chòe-ka Té-phìⁿ **·** Chòe-ka Tōng-ōe-phìⁿ **·** Chòe-ka Tō-ián **·** Chòe-ka Lâm-chú-kak **·** Chòe-ka Lú-chú-kak **·** Chòe-ka Lâm-phòe-kak **·** Chòe-ka Lú-phòe-kak **·** Chòe-ka Sin Ián-oân **·** Chòe-ka Pian-kio̍k |\n\n |\n| |\n| Nî-hūn | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1990 nî-tāi | 1998 **·** 1999 |\n| |\n| 2000 nî-tāi | 2000 **·** ~~2001~~ **·** 2002 **·** 2003 **·** 2004 **·** 2005 **·** 2006 **·** 2007 **·** 2008 **·** 2009 |\n| |\n| 2010 nî-tāi | 2010 **·** 2011 **·** 2012 **·** 2013 **·** 2014 **·** 2015 **·** 2016 **·** 2017 |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi-pak Tiān-iáⁿ Cheh","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[615,1395,0.44086021505376344],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2028}} -{"text":"**Lio̍k-gē** (六藝) sī Tiong-kok kó͘-chá Jû-ka iau-kiû ha̍k-seng ài chiáng-ak ê 6-chióng ki-pún châi-lêng, mā tāi-piáu Tiong-kok kó͘-chá ko-téng kàu-io̍k ê ha̍k-kho chóng-chheng. Lio̍k-gē ū nn̄g-khoán hâm-gī, Chiu-lé ê Kó͘-lio̍k-gē (古六藝) kap iû Khóng-chú só͘ thê-chhut ê chhun-chhiu í-āu ê Lio̍k-gē.\n\nChiu-lé lāi ê Lio̍k-gē sī Se Chiu chìn-chêng kùi-cho̍k ê 6-ê ha̍k-kho: Lé (禮), Ga̍k (樂), Siā (射), Gū (御), Su (書) kap Sò͘ (數). Kî-tiong, kok-chū koh ē-sái hun-chò Ngó͘-lé (五禮), Lio̍k-ga̍k (六樂), Ngó͘-siā (五射), Ngó͘-gū (五御) kap Kiú-sò͘ (九數).\n\nHàn-tiâu í-lâi ê Lio̍k-gē mā tāi-piáu Lio̍k-keng, iā-chiū-sī Si, Su, Lé, Ga̍k, E̍k kap Chhun-chhiu. Hàn Bú-tè heng thài-ha̍k, siat-li̍p ngó͘-keng phok-sū (五經博士), choan-bûn kà Lio̍k-gē.\n\nSè-hun\n------\n\n* Ngó͘-lé (五禮): Kiat (吉), Hiong (凶), Pin (賓), Kun (軍), Ka (嘉)\n* Lio̍k-ga̍k (六樂): Hûn-bûn (雲門), Tāi-hâm (大咸), Tāi-siâu (大韶), Tāi-hā (大夏), Tāi-ho̍k (大鑊) kap Tāi-bú (大武)\n* Ngó͘-siā (五射): Pe̍k-sí (白矢), Chham-liân (參連), Iám-chù (剡注), Siong-chhek (襄尺) kap Chéng-gî (井儀)\n* Ngó͘-gū (五御): Bêng-hô-loân (鳴和鸞), Tio̍k-súi-khiok (逐水曲), Kò-kun-piáu (過君表), Bú-kau-kû (舞交衢) kap Tio̍k-khîm-chó (逐禽左)\n* Lio̍k-su (六書): Siōng-hêng, Chí-sū, Hōe-ì, Hêng-seng, Choán-chù, Ká-chià\n* Kiú-sò͘ (九數): Hong-tiân (方田), Siok-bí (粟米), Chha-hun (差分), Siàu-kóng (少廣), Siong-kong (商功), Kin-su (均輸), Hong-têng (方程), Êng-put-chiok (盈不足) iáu-koh-ū Pông-iàu (旁要)","meta":{"title":"Lio̍k-gē","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[657,1411,0.46562721474131824],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1628}} -{"text":"\n1999 nî 1 goe̍h 23 hoat-seng ê gamma-kng po̍k-hoat GRB 990123 ê khó-kiàn-kng û-hui (pe̍h-sek sì-kak-hêng tiong-ng ê kng-tiám. Chiàⁿ-chhiú-pêng sī hòng-tōa-tô͘) Chhun-·khit-lí téng-koân ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ hŏng lia̍h-chún sī ū po̍k-hoat ê seng-hē. Chit-ê seng-hē khì hō͘ pa̍t-ê seng-hē lòng-·tio̍h, chiū-án-ne kún-lún-chūn. \n**Gamma-kng po̍k-hoat** (Hàn-jī: gamma光爆發; Eng-gí: gamma-ray burst, kán-chheng GRB) sī, i sī bo̍k-chêng lán chhōe-tio̍h, kng-tō͘ siōng kài koân ê thian-bûn-ha̍k hiān-siōng.\n\nGamma-kng po̍k-hoat ê sî, gamma-kng siám-kng kúi-nā bió-cheng kàu kúi-nā tiám-cheng ê sî-kan lāi hoat-siā-·chhut-lâi, soah·-lo̍h-lâi kúi-nā kang lóng khòaⁿ-ē-tio̍h X-kng ê û-hui (餘輝; Eng-gí: afterglow). Chit khoán hiān-siōng ta̍k-kang lóng ē tī thian-kiû téng-koân sûi-ki ê só͘-chāi hoat-seng kúi-nā pái.\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ S. B. センコ; N. ゲーレルズ (2017). \"星を引き裂く姿 潮汐破壊現象\". *日経サイエンス*. 日経サイエンス社. **47** (8): 37.  Text \"和書\" ignored (help)\n\nSiong-koan tiâu-ba̍k\n--------------------\n\n* Gamma-kng po̍k-hoat ê lia̍t-toaⁿ\n* Gamma-kng thian-bûn-ha̍k\n* Kek-chhiau-sin-chheⁿ","meta":{"title":"Gamma-kng po̍k-hoat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[204,1031,0.19786614936954414],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1219}} -{"text":"\n**Bô Lí Tio̍h Bô Chó͘-kok** (Tiâu-sián-gí: 당신이 없으면 조국도 없다 *Tangsini ŏpsŭmyŏn chogukto ŏpta*), sī chi̍t siú chhut-miâ--ê o-ló Pak-tiâu-sián chêng-goân-siú (元首) Kim Chèng-ji̍t ê koa, tī 1993 nî, iû chok-sû Lí Chong-ngó͘ (李宗伍, 리종오) kah chok-khek N̂g Tìn-éng (黃鎮泳, 황진영) siá--ê.\n\nKoa-sû khài-iàu (概要)\n--------------------\n\nKoa-sû ū saⁿ-toāⁿ. Thâu-toāⁿ loē-iông sī Kim Chèng-ji̍t kā tōa-hong-hō͘ koaⁿ--chhut-khì, hō͘ jîn-bîn sìn-liām (信念). Tē 2 toāⁿ kóng i sī bī-lâi kah ǹg-bāng ê oá-khò, bîn-cho̍k ê miā-ūn. Siōng-boé--ê sī jîn-bîn it-tēng ē siong-sìn i. Ta̍k toāⁿ lóng ēng \"Nā bô lí tio̍h bô gún, bô lí tio̍h bô chó͘-kok (祖國)\" lâi kiat-sok, beh soah sî koh chàn-bí (讚美): nā bô Kim Chèng-ji̍t tio̍h bô chó͘-kok.\n\nKî-thaⁿ\n-------\n\nŪ pán-pún (pí-lūn Phó͘-thian-pó Tiān-chú Ga̍k-thuân (普天堡電子樂團) pán) kā koa-sû lāi-té ê \"Kim Chèng-ji̍t Chiang-kun\" kái-choè \"Kim Chèng-ji̍t Tông-chì (同志)\". Iáu-m̄-koh Hân-gú \"tông-chì\" (동지, *tongji*) ê im kah Phó͘-thong-oē ê \"thau koe\" (偷雞, *touji*) sio-siāng, ū bāng-bîn (網民) kuso-choè \"Kim Chèng-ji̍t thau ke\".\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"당신이 없으면 조국도 없다\". Tiâu-sián Im-ga̍k (朝鮮音樂). (Ji̍t-pún-gí) Archive.org ê copy\n2. ↑ \"화면음악 당신이 없으면 조국도 없다 (Youtube)\". Uriminzokkiri.  line feed character in `|title=` at position 20 (help)\n3. ↑ 高风艳(Ko Hong-iām) pian (20100203). \"朝鲜推金正日之歌：《没有你就没有祖国》\". Seng-tó͘ Hoân-kiû-bāng (星島環球網). (Koaⁿ-oē)\n4. ↑ 이동훈 (Lee Donghun) (20100104). \"김정일 닭을 훔치다? 중국 인터넷서 풍자노래 확산 조롱거리 전락한 북한\". Tiâu-sián Chiu-khan (週刊). (Hân-kok-gí)\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Nā Bô Kiōng-sán-tóng Tio̍h Bô Sin Tiong-kok (Hoâ-gí: 沒有共產黨就沒有新中國)\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Uriminzokkiri ê MV (tī Youtube)","meta":{"title":"Bô Lí Tio̍h Bô Chó͘-kok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[764,1816,0.42070484581497797],"infobox":["\n
    \nBô Lí Tio̍h Bô Chó͘-kok
    Ko-lê-jī\n당신이 없으면 조국도 없다
    Hàn-jī\n當身이 없으면 祖國도 없다
    Kok-gí ê Lô-má-jī Piáu-kì-hoat\nDangsini eopseumyeon jogukdo eopda
    McCune–Reischauer Piáu-kì-hoat\nTangsini ŏpsŭmyŏn chogukto ŏpta
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1943}} -{"text":"Tī châi-liāu kho-ha̍k tiong, **ngē-tō͘** (硬度) sī kò͘-thé châi-liāu khòng-kī éng-kiú hêng-piàn ê te̍k-sèng. Châi-liāu kio̍k-pō͘ tí-khòng ngē-bu̍t ap-ji̍p i-ê piáu-bīn ê lêng-le̍k chiū sī ngē-tō͘. Kò͘-thé tùi goā-kài bu̍t-thé ji̍p-chhim ê kio̍k-pō͘ tí-khòng lêng-le̍k sī pí-kàu kok-chióng châi-liāu ngē-nńg ê chí-piau. In-ūi jui-tēng liáu bô-kāng ê chhek-chhì hong-hoat, só͘-í ū bô-kāng ê ngē-tō͘ piau-chún, Kok-chióng ngē-tō͘ piau-chún ê le̍k-ha̍k gâm-gī bô-kāng, hō͘-siong pēng bô-hoat-tō͘ oāⁿ-sǹg, tān-sī ē-sái thàu-kòe chhì-giām lâi tùi-pí. Chá tī 1822 nî, Friedrich Mohs thê-chhut iōng 10 chióng khòng-bu̍t-chit lâi niû sè-kài-siōng siōng-kài ngē kap siōng-kài nńg ê bu̍t-thé, che chiū sī só͘-ūi ê Mohs ngē-tō͘. Ngē-tō͘ chhì-giām sī ki-hāi sèng-lêng chhì-giām tiong siōng kán-tan ê chi̍t chióng chhì-giām hong-hoat. Ūi-tio̍h ē-tàng iōng ngē-tō͘ chhì-giām tāi-thè chi̍t-koá ki-hāi sèng-lêng ê chhì-giām, seng-sán-siōng su-iàu chi̍t ê pí-kàu chún-khak ê ngē-tō͘ kap kiông-tō͘ ê oāⁿ-sǹg koan-hē.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Kiông-tō͘","meta":{"title":"Ngē-tō͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[11,1069,0.01028999064546305],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1227}} -{"text":"**Má-lâi-se-a** sī chi̍t ê sin-heng kang-gia̍p-hoà kok-ka, sī bīn-hiòng chhī-tiûⁿ keng-chè ê khai-hòng-hêng keng-chè-thé; phong-phài ê chio̍h-iû sán-liōng thè i-ê keng-chè khé-tōng kang-gia̍p-hoà teh5-kiong chi-chhî.\n\nMá-lâi-se-a chū-chè-sán ê Proton khì-chhia\nPulau hái-phiâⁿ koan-kong-khu\n\nKeng-chè chèng-chhek\n--------------------\n\nKuala Lumpur ún-tēng ê hông-koan keng-chè khoân-kèng, î-chhî tī 3% chó-iū ê thong-hòe phòng-tiòng-lu̍t kap sit-gia̍p-lu̍t, ka-siōng i chhiong-chiok ê goā-hōe tû-pī kap khah-sè ê goā-chè, hō͘ chhin-chhiūⁿ 1997 nî A-sè-a keng-chè gûi-ki ê keng-chè chhìn-chhī koh-chài tī Má-lâi-se-a hoat-seng ê khó-lêng-sèng piàn kah hui-siông sió. Sui-jiân án-ne, bīn-tùi tio̍h kēng-cheng lêng-le̍k put-chiok kap ko-chè-bū téng-téng būn-tê ê toā khì-gia̍p ūi Má-lâi-se-a keng-chè oán-kéng chhoā-lâi hū-bīn ê éng-hióng.\n\nMá-lâi-se-a chú-iàu ê kó͘-phiò chhī-tiûⁿ sī Bursa Malaysia Berhad kap MASDAQ.\n\nTī sin keng-chè chèng-chhek hā, ùi 1971 nî chì 1990 nî-tāi bóe-kî kî-kan, ùi chi̍t ê goân-liāu chhut-sán kok choán-oāⁿ chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t ê sin-heng ê to-goân kang-gia̍p keng-chè. Má-lâi-se-a ê keng-chè chū 1987 nî khai-sí ún-tēng hoat-tián. Ùi chia khai-sí, Má-lâi-se-a ê keng-chè pêng-kin ta̍k-nî cheng-tióng 8%, pí kî-thaⁿ ê Tang-lâm-a kok-ka koh-khah koân. Keng-chè sêng-tióng chú-iàu oá-khò chè-sêng-phín ê chhut-kháu, iû-kî sī tiān-chú sán-phín. Toā-poàⁿ keng-chè cheng-tióng lâi-chū chèng-hú ê ti̍t-chiap tâu-chu. 1990 nî, goā-kok tī Má-lâi-se-a ê tâu-chu ta̍t-tiò ko-hong, lóng-chóng ū 176-ek ringgit. Kok-iú chu-sán ê su-iú-hoà put-toàn chìn-hêng. Chèng-hú thê-chhut \"2020 nî tián-bōng\" kè-ōe, ki-pún khak-tēng choân-kok kang-gia̍p-hoà ê bo̍k-piau. Keng-kòe 10 tang ê keng-chè hoân-êng, 1997 nî ê Má-lâi-se-a keng-le̍k chi̍t tiûⁿ keng-chè soe-thè, koh in-ūi ringgit ê pián-ti̍t ín-hoat chi̍t tiûⁿ keng-chè gûi-ki. In-ūi choân-kiû keng-chè chhìn-chhī kap chu-sìn kang-gē ê soe-thè, tùi Má-lâi-se-a toà-lâi ê táⁿ-kek iû-kî toā.","meta":{"title":"Má-lâi-se-a ê keng-chè","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1912,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2200}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?N̂g-tāu |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| (bô hun-kip) | Eudicots |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| (bô hun-kip) | Rosids |\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Fabales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Fabaceae |\n| A-kho: | Faboideae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Glycine* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***G. max*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Glycine max***(L.) Merr. |\n|\n|\n|\n| Siâng-ì-miâ |\n| * *Dolichos soja* L.\n* *Glycine angustifolia* Miq.\n* *Glycine gracilis* Skvortsov\n* *Glycine hispida* (Moench) Maxim.\n* *Glycine soja* sensu auct.\n* *Phaseolus max* L.\n* *Soja angustifolia* Miq.\n* *Soja hispida* Moench\n* *Soja japonica* Savi\n* *Soja max* (L.) Piper\n* *Soja soja* H. Karst.\n* *Soja viridis* Savi\n |\n\nChe **n̂g-tāu** sī chi̍t khoán si̍t-bu̍t, chit lūi ê si̍t-bu̍t ê koé-chí hō͘ lâng kiò-chò tāu. Chit-hō si̍t-bu̍t ê goân-thâu tī Tang-a. Toā-kàu-chài ê n̂g-tāu-châng ùi khah bô 20 kong-hun kàu 2 bí lóng ū, chit-khoán si̍t-bu̍t chi̍t tang tō ē sí. Ū choan-ka ioh-kóng i chū-pún sī chi̍t khoán tîn-chháu.\n\nLō͘-iōng\n--------\n\nN̂g-tāu hó chia̍h, mā thìng-hó chò sa-lá-iû, tāu-chiùⁿ, tāu-leng, tāu-iû, tāu-hū, kap n̂g-tāu-hu téng-téng. Chia-ê chia̍h-mi̍h ū kài chē nn̄g-pe̍h-chit, chin chē chia̍h-chhài--ê kah-ì chia̍h. Lēng-goā, n̂g-tāu mā ē-tàng the̍h lâi chò seng-chit lêng-goân.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTī 1997 nî, thong-sè-kài ê nn̂g-tāu ū 81 pha sī keng-koè ki-in kái-chō--ê.\n\nTang-a tī Chiu-tiâu ê kì-lio̍k--ni̍h, n̂g-tāu sī lia̍t-chò gō͘ chióng sîn-sèng ê chia̍h-mi̍h lāi-té ê chi̍t ê.\n\n* \n* \n* \n* \n*\n\nŪ-tī-tāi ê ia̍h-bīn\n-------------------\n\n* tāu-leng\n* tāu-chiùⁿ\n* sò͘-si̍t-chiá\n* tāu-iû\n\n1. ↑ \"Glycine max\". Encyclopedia of Life. February 16, 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"N̂g-tāu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[519,1312,0.3955792682926829],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1847}} -{"text":"Pau-ûi tang-tiong ê Churchill (tong-sî sī Lōe-bū Tāi-sîn).\n**Sidney Ke Pau-ûi-chiàn** sī 1911 nî 1 goe̍h tī Lûn-tun East End tē-hng chi̍t kái chhèng-chiàn, tùi-khòng ê siang hong sī kéng-chhat kiam kun-tūi kap Latvia kek-bēng-chiá. Sū-kiāⁿ sī tùi chá-chêng 1910 nî 12 goe̍h sî ê tāi-chì hoat-tián chhut--lâi-ê, tong-sî tī Lûn-tun siâⁿ ê Houndsditch chi̍t kûn Latvia lâng beh chhiúⁿ chu-pó, chō-sêng 3-ê kéng-chhat kap chhiúⁿ-àn ê chhōa-thâu George Gardstein sí-bông. \n\nLiáu-āu Lûn-tun kéng-chhat tī nn̄g lé-pài lāi chiong tōa-hūn hoān-àn-chiá chhip-ná. Kàu 1 goe̍h 3 ji̍t, kéng-chhat beh lia̍h bih tī Sidney Ke 100 hō ê chhiúⁿ-húi ê sî hoat-seng chhèng-chiàn, pau-ûi-chiàn î-chhî 6 tiám-cheng, kàu bóe kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t in-ūi put-bêng goân-in hóe-sio-chhù, kiàn-tio̍k pang--khì ê sî hāi sí chi̍t-ê siau-hông-oân.\n\nSidney Ke Pau-ûi-chiàn sī thâu chi̍t pái Lûn-tun ê kéng-chhat chhōe kun-tūi pang-chō͘, mā sī thâu chi̍t kái Eng-kok ê pau-ûi hêng-tōng hông hi̍p-siōng, tong-sî sī Pathé News kì-lio̍k--ê.\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n* *The Siege of Sidney Street*, tī YouTube ê British Pathé","meta":{"title":"Sidney Ke Pau-ûi-chiàn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[48,1022,0.046966731898238745],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1205}} -{"text":"**Siā-hōe chiâⁿ-chân** (Eng-gí: *social stratification*) sī chi̍t hāng siā-hōe-ha̍k ê khài-liām, ēng lâi gián-kiù siā-hōe-siōng kai-chân-sèng ê téng-kip, ē-té ê tan-goân ē-tàng kiò chò sī chi̍t chân (*stratum*). Siā-hōe chiâⁿ-chân lāi-bīn ū pau-koat siā-hōe kai-kip (*class*), chit-gia̍p kûn-thé, cho̍k-hē kiam chéng-cho̍k hun-lūi téng khoán ê hun-iá. \n\nHiān-tāi Se-iûⁿ khoán ê chiâⁿ-chân hē-thóng sǹg sī khai-hòng-sek--ê, siā-hōe î-tōng (*social mobility*) sī phó͘-phiàn--ê. Lēng-gōa mā ū chhiūⁿ Ìn-tō͘-kàu caste hē-thóng khah giâm-keh ê hêng-sek.\n\nIt-poaⁿ tùi chiâⁿ-chân ê gián-kiù sī khó-lū pau-koat chhiūⁿ chèng-tī éng-hióng, tong-khoân (*authority*) in-sò͘; he̍k-chiá chéng-cho̍k, bîn-cho̍k chōng-hóng kap bêng-bōng; kàu-io̍k kap kò-jîn ki-su̍t kiam choan-ka tì-sek; siā-hōe bāng-lō͘ kap liân-tòa téng siā-hōe chu-pún; seng-oa̍h hong-sek kap sèng-pia̍t téng bûn-hòa chu-pún; koh ū khoân-lī, hâm-thâu kap khoân-sè chē khoán ê gī-tê.\n\nKok khoán siā-hōe lí-lūn tùi siā-hōe chiâⁿ-chân ū bô kâng ê hun-sek hong-hoat. Nā sī kong-lêng lí-lūn sī phian-hiòng chhù-lí chiâⁿ-chân tī siā-hōe lī-e̍k kap ha̍p-ì sèng-chit. Tī chhiong-tu̍t lí-lūn sī khah koan-sim saⁿ-cheⁿ kap chi-phòe ê hong-bīn. Marx-chú-gī lí-lūn hèng-chhù tī kai-kip chi kan ê keng-chè pak-siah (*exploitation*); Weber phài sī chiong chiâⁿ-chân khòaⁿ chò sī siā-hōe keng-chè kai-kip, siā-hōe bûn-hòa chōng-hóng, khoân-le̍k téng in-sò͘ chok-iōng sán-seng ê kiat-kó.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Jan Pakulski (2006). \"social stratification\". Chū Bryan S. Turner. *The Cambridge Dictionary of Sociology*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-37145-5. CS1 pó-ióng: Ēng editors chham-sò͘ (link)","meta":{"title":"Siā-hōe chiâⁿ-chân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[182,1613,0.11283323000619963],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1865}} -{"text":"Tâi-pak Êng-chóng\n**Tâi-pak Êng-bîn Chóng Pēⁿ-īⁿ** (臺北榮民總病院), kán-chheng **Tâi-pak Êng-chóng** (臺北榮總) ia̍h **Pak-êng** (北榮), sī chi̍t keng tī Tâi-oân Tâi-pak-chhī Pak-tâu-khu Chio̍h-pâi-á ê kong-li̍p pēⁿ-īⁿ. Ti̍t-sio̍k Kok-kun Thè-tû-ia̍h Koaⁿ-peng Hú-tō Úi-oân-hōe koán-hat, ē-kha ū So͘-ò, Îⁿ-soaⁿ, Thô-hn̂g, Sin-tek, Gio̍k-lí, Hōng-lîm kap Tâi-tang téng 7 keng êng-bîn pēⁿ-īⁿ hun-īⁿ. Tâi-pak Êng-chóng ê keh-piah sī Kok-li̍p Iông-bêng Tāi-ha̍k, siang-hong tī i-ha̍k kàu-io̍k kap gián-kiù hong-bīn ū bi̍t-chhiat óng-lâi, koh ū kiōng-cho͘ \"Êng-Iông thoân-tūi\" (榮陽團隊), siāng-kài ū-miâ ê gián-kiù sêng-kó sī oân-sêng liáu jîn-lūi tē-sì hō jiám-sek-thé chheng-bān kiⁿ-ki tēng-sū ê tiōng-tāi kang-têng, mā sêng-kong oân-sêng choân sè-kài siú-chhù ê lêng-chi ki-in-thé tēng-sū.\n\nTī Tâi-oân ê i-liâu ōe-seng thé-chè tiong, Tâi-pak Êng-chóng hām Tâi-tiong Êng-chóng kap Ko-hiông Êng-chóng lóng sī chòe-ko téng-kip ê i-ha̍k tiong-sim. Tâi-pak Êng-chóng Tiong-chèng-lâu koân 23 chân, sī Chio̍h-pâi-á tē-khu ê tē-piau chi it.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-pak Êng-bîn Chóng Pēⁿ-īⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1015,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1162}} -{"text":"N̂g Tián-sêngN̂g Tián-sêng\n**N̂g Tián-sêng** (黄典诚,1914 ~ 1993 nî ), Tiong-kok hiān-tāi tù-miâ ê **gî-giân ha̍k-ka**, Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k Tiong-bûn-hē kàu-siū, **Hàn-gí-sú phok-sū-seng tō-su**. I ê chó·-ke tī Hok-kiàn Chiang-chiu, chêng kong-gôan 1937 nî tiàm **Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k Bûn-ha̍k-īⁿ Gí-giân-ha̍k-hē** pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, to̍h lâu-tiàm-leh **Hā-Tāi** ( Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k ê kán-chheng ) kà-chheh, it-ti̍t kàu-kah kòe-sin.\n\nChhut-pán ê tù-chok\n-------------------\n\nN̂g Tián-sêng kàu-siū chāi-siⁿ ê sî tī gí-giân-ha̍k chit-ê léng-he̍k kut-la̍t chhia-piàⁿ, 1-sì-lâng siá kòe chiok-chōe iu-siù ê chok-phín. I ê kòng-hiàn chú-iàu sī : tan-to̍k chhut-pán *Gí-giân-ha̍k khài-iàu* (语言学概要), *Hàn-gí gí-im sú* (汉语语音史), *Chhiat-ūn chong-ha̍p gián-kiù* (切韵综合研究), *Hùn-kó·-ha̍k khài-iàu* (训诂学概要), *Si-keng thong-e̍k sin-chôan* (诗经通译新诠) chit 5-thò tù-chok, iū-koh chú-pián *Hok-kiàn-séng Hàn-gí hong-giân khài-hóng* (福建省汉语方言概况) kah *Pó·-thong-ōe Bân-lâm hông-giân sû-tián* (普通话闽南方言词典), che í-gōa, i koh tiàm kok-lāi-gōa ê chin-chōe pò-chóa kah chap-chì téng-thâu hoat-piáu kòe phah-gōa phiⁿ ê **ha̍k-su̍t lūn-bûn**.\n\nSêng-chiū kah kòng-hiàn\n-----------------------\n\nN̂g Tián-sêng kàu-siū teh gián-kiù Hàn-gí im-ūn kah Hàn-gí hong-giân chit hong-bīn, kòng-hiàn chin-tōa. N̂g--sian keng-kòe tn̂g sî-kan ê jīn-chin tiāu-cha kah gián-kiù liáu-āu, thê-chhut tio̍h i kò-jîn tiōng-tāi ê hoat-hiān: Hàn-gí im-ūn àn siōng-kó· hoat-tián kàu tiong-kó· chit-tōaⁿ sî-kan, kiâⁿ-kòe 1-tiâu ‘siaⁿ-ūn mâu-tún, khin-tāng-(im) bô pêng-hêng’ ê oan—lō·. N̂g--sian ê chit-tiâu lí-lūn hō·-lâng kiò-chò **Tián-sêng-lu̍t** (典诚律) a̍h-sī **kiông-jio̍k khin-tāng-lu̍t** (强弱轻重律). Chit-tiâu lí-lūn ê hoat-hiān, ūi ha̍k-su̍t-kài kài-koat liáu chiâⁿ-chē chìn-chêng bô-hoat-tō· kái-soeh ê lân-tôe.\n\nN̂g--sian-siⁿ tùi Hàn-gí hong-giân ê gián-kiù ôan-á kài-ū sêng-chiū, iu-kî sī tùi Bân-lâm-gí ê gián-kiù. Ji̍t-pún ê ha̍k-chiá o-ló i sī \"Hok-kiàn-gí gián-kiù kong-jīn ê kôan-ui \", iah Tâi-ôan ha̍k-chiá mā kóng i sī \"Bân-lâm-gí gián-kiù ê sian-hêng-chiá \". N̂g--sian-siⁿ ê gián-kiù sêng-kó, tùi jîn-lūi kiàn-siat Hàn-gú hong-giân-ha̍k chu-liàu-khò· lâi-kóng, ū chin tiōng-tāi ê ì-gī. Tī 20 sè-kí 80 nî-tāi, iû N̂g Tián-sêng chú-pian ê *Pó·-thong-ōe Bân-lâm hong-giân sû-tián*, kū-pī chin kiông ê kho-ha̍k-sèng kah chin kôan ê ha̍k-su̍t kè-ta̍t, mā chin si̍t-iōng. N̂g--sian tī **kó·-chheh chéng-lí** kah **bûn-jī kái-kek** ê léng-he̍k, mā chò-chhut tio̍h chek-kek ê kòng-hiān.\n\nChāi-seⁿ sî ê chit-bū\n---------------------\n\nChāi-siⁿ ê sî, N̂g Tián-sêng tam-jīm kòe chin chōe siā-hōe chit-bū kah bêng-ū chit-bū. Chú-iàu sī : **Ē-mn̂g-chhī Sin-bûn-ha̍k Gián-kiù-hōe** hōe-tiúⁿ, **Tiong-kok Gí-giân Ha̍k-hōe** kah **Hàn-gí Hong-giân Ha̍k-hōe** lí-sū, **Tiong-kok Im-ūn Ha̍k-hōe** ha̍k-su̍t úi-ôan, **Hok-kiàn-séng Gí-giân Ha̍k-hōe** hōe-tiúⁿ, **Tiong-kok Hùn-kó· Ha̍k-hōe**, **Chôan-kok Ko-téng-īⁿ-hāu Bûn-ha̍k Kái-kek Ha̍k-hōe** kah **Hok-kiàn-séng Sú-chì Hia̍p-hōe** kò·-būn.","meta":{"title":"N̂g Tián-sêng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2865,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3405}} -{"text":"1 bió hàiⁿ 1 pái\n**Bió** (秒), he̍k-chiá **bió-cheng** (秒鐘), sī Kok-chè Tan-ūi Hē-thóng tiong sî-kan ê ki-pún tan-ūi, hû-hō sī ***s*** ia̍h-sī Eng-bûn ê sok-siá ***sec.***. 1 hun-cheng hun-chò 60 bió, 1 tiám-cheng téng-î 60 hun-cheng, iā chiū sī 3,600 bió. Tī 1000 nî chì 1960 nî, bió ê tēng-gī sī pêng-kin Thài-iông-sî ê 1/86,400 (bo̍k-chiân tī chi̍t-kóa thian-bûn-ha̍k kap hoat-lu̍t tiong iu-goân sek-iōng). Tī 1960 nî chì 1967 nî, bió ê tēng-gī sī 1960 nî Tē-kiû chū-choán 1 chiu ê sî-kan ê 1/86,400. Hiān-chhú-sî sī lī-iōng goân-chú ê te̍k-sèng lâi tēng-gī.\n\nBió m̄ kan-nā sī Kok-chè Tan-ūi Hē-thong tiong ê sî-kan ki-pún tan-ūi, iā sī CGS, MKS, MTS kap Tè-kok tan-ūi só͘ chhái-iōng ê sî-kan tan-ūi.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nSI tan-ūi |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Authority: International System of Units (BIPM) |\n| |\n| Ki-pún tan-ūi | \n* ampere\n* bió\n* candela\n* kelvin\n* kong-chhioh\n* kong-kin\n* mol\n\n | |\n| |\n| Ián-seng tan-ūi | \n* becquerel\n* bó͘-lú-to͘h\n* coulomb\n* farad\n* gray\n* henry\n* hertz\n* joule\n* katal\n* liap-sī\n* lumen\n* lux\n* newton\n* óa\n* ohm\n* pascal\n* radian\n* siemens\n* sievert\n* steradian\n* tesla\n* weber\n\n |\n| |\n| Pèng-iōng tan-ūi | \n* bar\n* dalton\n* decibel\n* electronvolt\n* hun-cheng\n* kak-tō͘\n* kang\n* kong-khéng\n* li̍p\n* minute of arc\n* neper\n* second of arc\n* thian-bûn tan-ūi\n* tiám-cheng\n* tonne\n* goân-chú tan-ūi\n* chū-jiân tan-ūi\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | \n* Tan-ūi ê oāⁿ-sǹg\n* SI jī-thâu\n* Proposed redefinitions\n* Systems of measurement\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* **Lūi-pia̍t**\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Bió","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[535,1192,0.4488255033557047],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1800}} -{"text":"\n\n**Vsevolozhsk** (Lō͘-se-a-gí: Всеволожск) sī Lō͘-se-a Leningrad Chiu ê chi̍t ê siâⁿ-chhī.\n\nCư dân nổi tiếng\n----------------\n\nBelousov, Vladimir Pavlovich (sinh năm 1946) - vận động viên, Nhà Vô địch Olympic.\n\nVladimir Vladimirovich Bortko (sinh năm 1946) là một Đạo diễn, nhà biên kịch, nhà sản xuất Phim Liên xô và nga.\n\nVashukov, Mikhail yuryevich (sinh năm 1958) là một nghệ sĩ, một người chơi ghép đôi, một người hài hước.\n\nVocka, Gergard Yakovlevich — 1887-1988) - nhà sử học địa phương, hiệp sĩ Của Dòng Lenin (1953), công dân Danh dự đầu tiên của Vsevolozhsk (1988), một trong những đường phố của thành phố được đặt tên để vinh danh ông.\n\nDenisov, Anatoly Alekseevich (1934-2010) — Nhà khoa học, chính trị Gia Liên xô và nga.\n\nDobrovolsky, Yuri Antonovich (1911-1979) — phi công thử nghiệm, Anh Hùng Liên xô.\n\nDrachev, Vladimir Petrovich (sinh năm 1966)-Người Chiến thắng World Cup và nhà vô địch thế giới 4 lần trong biathlon.\n\nSvetlana Sergeevna Zhurova (sinh năm 1972) là Một Nhà vô địch Olympic, một phó Của Duma quốc gia.\n\nSlepukhin, Yuri Grigoryevich (1926-1998) — nhà văn.\n\nBoris Pavlovich Listov (sinh năm 1969) là một nhà kinh tế người nga, Chủ tịch Hội đồng Quản trị Của Công ty Cổ phần Rosselkhoznadzor.\n\n1. ↑\n2. ↑\n3. ↑","meta":{"title":"Vsevolozhsk","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[192,1242,0.15458937198067632],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Vsevolozhsk
    Всеволожск
    —  Siâⁿ-chhī  —
    \n

    \n
    \n\n\n\n
    \"Vsevolozhsk
    Kî-á    		 \"Vsevolozhsk
    Hui-kì
    \n
    \n
    \"Vsevolozhsk
    \"Vsevolozhsk\"
    Vsevolozhsk
    \n
    Kok-ka\n\"\" Lō͘-se-a\n
    Liân-pang chú-thé\nLeningrad\n
    Bīn-chek
     - Lóng-chóng\n\t\t62.26 km2
    Jîn-kháu
     - Lóng-chóng72,864 lâng
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1310}} -{"text":"**Siā-hōe hok-lī** (社會福利) sī chi̍t chióng chha-pia̍t thāi-gū, tùi bó͘ chi̍t-koá lâng, te̍k-pia̍t sī chèng-hú hiòng jio̍k-sè thoân-thé ia̍h-sī keng-chè ū khùn-lân ê lâng thê-kiong, lâi khak-pó in-ê seng-oa̍h sò͘-chit, seng-chûn kap hoat-tián ki-hōe téng-téng chhò͘-si, tùi siā-hōe chéng-thé iú-lī.\n\nSè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân chú-tiuⁿ: \"lâng-lâng seⁿ lâi chū-iû, tī chun-giâm kap koân-le̍k siōng it-lu̍t pêng-téng.\" Chá-kî ê siā-hōe hok-lī koan-liām chú-iàu goân-chū chû-siān kiù-chè ê cheng-sîn.\n\nHiān-tāi ê siā-hōe hok-lī thong-siông pau-koat bián-hùi kàu-io̍k, i-liâu, chū-ok pó-chiòng, siā-hōe pó-chiòng téng-téng. M̄-koh tùi chit-khoán chèng-chhek mā ū-lâng jīm-ûi ùi kang-chok ê kong-bîn chhiú-lāi thê-cháu châi-bu̍t khì kiù-chè bô-thâu-lō͘ ê lâng, tài-chi̍t-chiá kap gín-á, chiū téng-î sī thau-the̍h pat-lâng ê lô-tōng, ûi-hoán liáu pó-hō͘ kò-jîn châi-sán ê koân-lī.","meta":{"title":"Siā-hōe hok-lī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,886,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1007}} -{"text":"**Siā-hōe chèng-chhek** (社會政策) sī thàu-kòe kok-ka li̍p-hoat kap chèng-hú hêng-chèng kan-ī, kái-koat siā-hōe būn-tê, chhiok-chìn siā-hōe an-choân, kái-siān siā-hōe khoân-kèng, cheng-chìn siā-hōe hok-lī ê sio-liân-soà ê chèng-chhek, hêng-tōng chún-chek kap kui-tēng ê chóng-chheng. I-ê he̍k-sim sī kái-koat chhī-tiûⁿ keng-chè hā kong-bîn ê siā-hōe hong-hiám.\n\nChò-ûi chi̍t mn̂g èng-iōng-sèng ê ha̍k-kho, siā-hōe chèng-hhcke ê gián-kiù lōe-iông chú-iàu khan-liân chèng-chhek sán-seng kòe-têng ê lí-lūn kap hong-hoat, í-ki̍p chèng-chhen tī ta̍k-ê siong-koan léng-he̍k tiong ê èng-iōng chi̍t nn̄g ê hong-bīn. Tī āu chi̍t ê hong-bīn, siā-hōe koh ē-tàng hun chò hia̍p-gī kap kóng-gī nn̄g khoán. Hia̍p-gī ê siā-hōe chèng-chhek hoān-ûi kan-na khan-liân tio̍h lô-kang kap sàn-chhiah-lâng ê seng-oa̍h, ah kóng-gī ê siā-hōe chèng-chhek pau-hâm kok-bîn hok-lī, chiū-gia̍p, khiā-ke, kiān-khong, bûn-hoà, kàu-io̍k, jîn-kháu, hun-in kap ka-têng seng-oa̍h, siā-khu kap siā-hōe kong-kiōng khoân-kéng í-ki̍p chong-kàu téng-téng. Chin bêng-hián, hia̍p-gī ê kài-tēng só͘ tùi-èng ê kan-na sī hia̍p-gī ê siā-hōe hok-lī chèng-chhek, ah kóng-gī ê kài-tēng tùi-èng kok-chióng siā-hōe būn-tê ê gián-kiù.","meta":{"title":"Siā-hōe chèng-chhek","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1199,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1359}} -{"text":"To̍h-hoé ê choá-ki hoan-á-hoé\ntóng-àn:Matchbox Black Cat from Czestochowa.jpgChi̍t a̍p chhâ-ki ê an-choân hoan-á-hoé\n**Hoan-á-hoé** (番仔火), **Hoan-kiáⁿ-hóe** (番囝火) sī chi̍t-ki chi̍t-ki khí-hoé ê ke-si, iōng chi̍t-pái tio̍h tàn-tiāu. Hoan-á-hoé thong-siông tī bē hun ê tiàm ia̍h-sī kám-á-tiàm bé ē tio̍h. Hoan-á-hoé chin hán-tit ko͘-chi̍t-ki bē, lóng chng kui a̍h ia̍h-sī chi̍t chí chi̍t chí leh bē. Hoan-á-hoé-ki ū iù-iù ê chhâ-ki chò--ê mā-ū ngē choá-ki chò--ê, tī kî-tiong chi̍t-pêng téng-thâu ū kô͘ chi̍t-chân ē khí-hoé ê bu̍t-chit, thong-siông sī hâm phosphorus ê bu̍t-chit. Chit-têng khí-hoé ê bu̍t-chit nā khì lù tio̍h sek-tòng ê piáu-bīn, tio̍h-ē in-ūi boâ-chhat (磨擦) ê jia̍t lâi to̍h-hoé--khí-lâi. [1]\n\nKan-taⁿ tī te̍k-sû ê piáu-bīn lù chiah ē to̍h ê hoan-á-hoé hō-chò **an-choân hoan-á-hoé**; tī jīn-hô chho͘-chhò piáu-bīn lù tio̍h ē to̍h ê kiò-chò **chhìn-chhái-lù hoan-á-hoé** (*strike-anywhere matches*). \n\nChham-khó lài-tah.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Concise Oxford","meta":{"title":"Hoan-á-hoé","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[15,970,0.015463917525773196],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1153}} -{"text":"\n**Thô-hn̂g Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ Kó͘-hūn Iú-hān Kong-si** (桃園國際機場股份有限公司) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú Kau-thong-pō͘ chhut-chu sêng-li̍p ê kok-êng sū-gia̍p, mā sī Tâi-oân tē-it kap ûi-it ê ki-tiûⁿ kong-si, chú-iàu gia̍p-bū sī keng-êng Thô-hn̂g Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ. I-ê chiân-sin sī 1978 nî sêng-li̍p ê Kau-thong-pō͘ Bîn-iōng Hâng-khong Kio̍k ê hū-sio̍k ki-koan **Tiong-chèng Kok-chè Hâng-khong Chām** (中正國際航空站), 2006 nî kái-miâ **Thô-hn̂g Kok-chè Hâng-khong Chām** (桃園國際航空站), tī 2010 nî 11 goe̍h chhe 1 kong-si-hòa pēng kái chò chit-má ê miâ. Bo̍k-chiân mā sī Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ Hia̍p-hōe, Châi-thoân Hoat-jîn Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Tâi-oân Hui-hêng An-choân Ki-kim-hōe kap Tâi-oân Tì-hūi Hâng-khong Siâⁿ Sán-gia̍p Liân-bêng téng cho͘-chit ê thoân-thé sêng-oân.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Tâi-oân ê kok-êng sū-gia̍p |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Keng-chè-pō͘ chú-koan | Tâi-oân Thn̂g-gia̍p Kong-si **·** Tâi-oân Tiong-iû Kong-si **·** Tâi-oân Tiān-le̍k Kong-si **·** Tâi-oân Chū-lâi-chúi Kong-si |\n| |\n| Châi-chèng-pō͘ chú-koán | Tiong-kok Su-chhut-ji̍p Gîn-hâng **·** Tâi-oân Kim-iông Khòng-kó͘ Kong-si **·** Tâi-oân Thó͘-tē Gîn-hâng **·** Tâi-oân Ian-chiú Kong-si **·** Châi-chèng-pō͘ Ìn-soat-chhiúⁿ |\n| |\n| Kau-thong-pō͘ chú-koán | Tiong-hôa Iû-chèng Kong-si **·** Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘ Koán-lí-kio̍k **·** Tâi-oân Káng-bū Kong-si **·** Thô-hn̂g Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ Kong-si |\n| |\n| Kim-kàm-hōe chú-koán | Tiong-iong Chûn-khoán Pó-hiám Kong-si |\n| |\n| Tiong-iong Gîn-hâng chú-koán | Tiong-iong Chō-pè-chhiúⁿ **·** Tiong-iong Ìn-chè-chhiúⁿ |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Thô-hn̂g Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ Kong-si","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[651,1389,0.468682505399568],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1851}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?*Brassica oleracea* |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Brassicales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Brassicaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Brassica* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***B. oleracea*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Brassica oleracea***L. |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n***Brassica oleracea***, chū-pún tī Au-chiu lâm-pō͘/se-pō͘ hái-hoāⁿ seⁿ-thoàⁿ ê nn̄g-nî-seⁿ (biennial) si̍t-bu̍t. In-ūi m̄-kiaⁿ iâm-hūn iah-sī chio̍h-hoe, koh han-bān kap pa̍t-chióng si̍t-bu̍t kēng-cheng, i ê thian-jiân tē-poâⁿ it-poaⁿ hān-chè tī chio̍h-hoe-chio̍h ê hái-piⁿ-á khàm ê só͘-chāi. I ê chē-chē chai-pôe phín-chéng (cultivar) ū thong sè-kài ê keng-chè kè-ta̍t.\n\nIá-seng ê *B. olearacea* seⁿ chò lò-lò. Thâu 1 nî hoat tōa hio̍h, hio̍h-á phēng pa̍t-chióng *Brassica* chéng khah kāu; che hō͘ i ū châi-tiāu tī bái-bái ê khoân-kéng khêng chúi-hun kap ióng-hūn. Tē 2 nî, hit-kóa khêng piān ê ióng-hūn tō iōng-lâi seⁿ 1–2 kong-chhioh koân ê hoe-ki, bīn-téng kat chē-chē n̂g hoe-lúi.\n\nChai-poê phín-chéng\n-------------------\n\nPhín-chéng chin chē, siōng phó͘-phiàn--ê ū ē-kha chit kúi chióng:\n\n* Ko-lê-chhài (Capitata Group): Se-iûⁿ pe̍h-chhài (Eng-gí: cabbage)\n* Keh-nâ-chhài (keh-nê-á, kài-nâ; Alboglabra Group): (Eng-gí: Chinese kale/Chinese broccoli)\n* Hoe-chhài (Botrytis Group): (Eng-gí: cauliflower)\n* Chheⁿ-hoe-chhài (Italica Group): (Eng-gí: broccoli)\n* Chhài-khok/toā-thâu-chhài (Gongylodes Group): (Eng-gí: kohlrabi)\n\nSiong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* Pe̍h-chhài","meta":{"title":"Brassica oleracea","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[507,1298,0.39060092449922956],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1742}} -{"text":"1991 nî kàu 2014 nî ê Tâi-siong tâu-chu Tiong-kok hun-pò͘ tô͘\n**Tâi-siong** (台商) sī lâi-chū Tâi-oân ê seng-lí-lâng. \"Tâi\" sī Tâi-oân ê kán-chheng, só͘-í \"Tâi-siong\" chit-ê sû hia̍p-gī siōng sī tùi tī Tâi-oân í-gōa tē-khu oa̍h-tāng ê Tâi-oân-che̍k seng-lí-lâng ê chheng-ho͘. Tâi-siong keng-êng ê hoān-ûi chin khoah, khan-liân seng-oa̍h tiong ê kok-chióng léng-he̍k. Kî-tiong, tiān-chú sán-phín te̍k-pia̍t hoat-ta̍t, tī sè-kài chhī-tiûⁿ téng chiàm ū chin tōa ê hūn-gia̍h.\n\n1990 nî, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú khai-hòng Tâi-siong tùi Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k chìn-hêng tâu-chu. Chho͘-kî tâu-chu í chè-chō-gia̍p ê lô-le̍k bi̍t-chi̍p hêng-thài ê sán-gia̍p ûi-chú, tâu-chu chè-chō-gia̍p chiàm 9-siâⁿ; lo̍h-bóe tòe tio̍h Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k thui-tōng keng-chè choán-hêng kap sán-gia̍p chāi-tē-hòa, chè-chō-gia̍p tâu-chu ê pí-tāng 1 tang 1 tang kàng kàu 2015 nî ê 59.1%; ho̍k-bū-gia̍p tâu-chu pí-tāng ùi 1997 nî ê 13.8% thê-seng chì 2015 nî ê 40.2%, chú-iàu í tâu-chu kim-iông kap pó-hiám-gia̍p ê chiàm-pí thê-seng liáu siōng kín. Chè-chō-gia̍p tâu-chu í chu-sìn tiān-chú-gia̍p ûi-chú, chho͘-kî tâu-chu bô kàu 15%, m̄-koh tòe tio̍h 2001 nî-té Lióng-hōaⁿ chêng-āu ka-ji̍p WTO kap Tâi-oân khì-gia̍p choân-kiû-hòa pò͘-kio̍k, 2000 nî-tāi chu-sìn tiān-chú-gia̍p tâu-chu kui-bô͘ chiām-chiām khok-tāi, tâu-chu pí-tāng thê-seng chì 35% kàu 40% chó-iū.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Tâi-oân Tâu-chu Tiong-kok Siū-hāi-chiá Hia̍p-hōe\n* Hoeh-kōaⁿ Kang-tiûⁿ\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ \"Tâi-oân 2015 nî tâu-chu Tāi-lio̍k pâi-miâ tē-3; kīn-chhù Hiong-káng, Sin-ka-pho\".","meta":{"title":"Tâi-siong","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[152,1499,0.10140093395597065],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1752}} -{"text":"***Sè-jī! Sòa--lo̍h-lâi ū kóng tio̍h kò·-sū ê ke̍k-chêng!***\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| It-nî-á ê Harry Potter (iû Daniel Radcliffe ián-chhut) ni i lia̍h--tio̍h ê Golden Snitch. |\n| Harry Potter |\n| Sèng-pia̍t | Cha-po· |\n| Ba̍k-chiu | Chheⁿ-sek |\n| Thâu-mo· | O·-sek |\n| Ha̍k-tūi | Gryffindor |\n| Hiat-thóng sûn-tō· | Lām-hoeh |\n| Liân-bêng | Dumbledore ê Chú-tē-peng |\n\n**Harry Potter** sī chok-ka J. K. Rowling ê hoàn-sióng sió-soat hē-lia̍t ê chú-kak. I ê choân-miâ sī **Harry James Potter**. Kin-kù kò·-sū ê lōe-iông, i tī 1981-nî chó-iū chhut-sì. I ê pē-bó tī i 1 hòe ê sî ūi beh hóan-khòng Lord Voldemort, hi-seng in ê sèⁿ-miā lâi pó-hō· i, só·-í i sī hō· a-î, î-tiuⁿ ióng-chhī tòa-hàn ê. Tī te-1-chi̍p Há-lih Phá-thò 10 hòe beh tńg 11; kàu kah siōng sin 1 chi̍p (te-5-chi̍p), i í-keng sī 15 hòe.\n\nTī hoat-su̍t ê sè-kài, Harry Potter put-chí-á ū miâ-siaⁿ, in-ūi i 1-hòe tōa ê sî-chūn m̄-nā bô sí tī Voldemort ê chhiú--nih, koh ín-khí Voldemort giâm-tiōng tio̍h-siong lâi cháu-lō·. Chū hit-pái Harry Potter ê thâu-khak-hia̍h tō ū 1 ê sih-nà-hêng ê khî.\n\nI chì-hó ê pêng-iú sī Ron Weasley kap Hermione Granger; in sī hoat-su̍t ha̍k-hāu ê tông-o̍h. I ū 1 chiah àm-kong-chiáu hō·-chò Hiat-u-ik.\n\nSiong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* Harry Potter (hē-lia̍t)\n* Harry Potter (kò͘-sū)","meta":{"title":"Harry Potter (jîn-bu̍t)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[278,1149,0.24194952132288947],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1445}} -{"text":"\n*Guinea (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h) lia̍t chhut miâ chhin-chhiūⁿ ê bûn-chiuⁿ.*\n**New Guinea** sī sè-kài tē-2-tōa ê tó-sū, tī Ò-chiu ê pak. Sai-pêng sī Ìn-nî thóng-tī ê léng-thó· (Papua-séng), tang-pêng sī Papua New Guinea-kok. Chit-ê miâ sī Au-chiu kiâⁿ-chûn-lâng hō--ê, in kám-kak New Guinea-lâng sêng Hui-chiu Guinea-lâng.\n\n7000 nî-chêng New Guinea iáu-sī hām Ò-chiu kāng 1 tè tāi-lio̍k (hō-chò Sahul), āu--lâi im tōa-chúi seⁿ 1-ê Arafura-hái kap Torres Hái-kiap chhut-lâi.\n\nTē-lí seng-thài\n---------------\n\nNew Guinea kīn chhiah-tō, hō·-chúi chē, 1 nî siāng chē lo̍h 400 eng-chhùn. Chin chia̍p tē-tāng. *Kē-tē* tē-khu khì-hāu sio-lo̍h, seng-thài sio̍k-î jia̍t-tài sim-lîm. Lōe-tē tē-hêng ho̍k-cha̍p, sì-kè sī kôan-koân-kē-kē ê soaⁿ-kok hē-thóng, só·-í hō-chò *koân-tē*, khì-un pí-kàu khah kē.\n\nKoân-tē ê sim-lîm-tē siū lông-gia̍p éng-hióng, tùi 7,000 nî chêng khai-sí kiám-chió. Chit-ê chhu-sè kàu-kah 1,200 nî chêng tòng-tiāⁿ. Hit sî-kî ê New Guinea-lâng tāi-khài ūi beh èng-hù jîn-kháu sêng-tióng ê ap-le̍k, hoat-tián chhut chō-nâ ki-su̍t, tōa-liōng chèng bo̍k-môa-hông (ha̍k-miâ: *Casuarina*), thang î-chhî thó·-tē ê kè-ta̍t. Nâ-gia̍p ki-su̍t tùi jîn-kháu tiong-sim thoàⁿ--chhut-khì.\n\nNew Guinea pún-té chhin-chhiūⁿ Ò-chiu ū tōa-chiah ū-tē tōng-bu̍t (*marsupial*), chóng--sī āu--lâi hō· lâng lia̍h kah bô chhun.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nKē-tē ê New Guinea-lâng pun kúi-chióng keng-chè bô·-sek. Oá hái a̍h-sī oá hô--ê lia̍h hî. Tòa làm-tē--ê i-lāi iá-seng ê *sago palm*; che tiān-hún sêng-hūn put-chí-á koân, khioh che pí choh-sit khah ē hô. Kî-thaⁿ--ê chèng kin-chio kap soaⁿ-io̍h kiam phah-la̍h.\n\nKoân-tē ê New Guinea-lâng chú-iàu khò lông-gia̍p kòe-ji̍t, kàu-taⁿ í-keng ū 7,000 nî kú. Choân sè-kài kan-taⁿ ū 9-ê só·-chāi bat to̍k-li̍p hoat-tián chhut chai-phôe iá-seng si̍t-bu̍t ê ki-su̍t -- New Guinea sī kî-tiong 1-ê. In thoân-thóng ê chèng-choh-bu̍t chú-iàu ū ō·-á, kin-chio, soaⁿ-io̍h, kam-chià, kap han-chî; cheng-seⁿ ū ti kap ke. Kî-tiong ō·-á, kin-chio, han-chî, kam-chià chit 4 hāng sī New Guinea-lâng tāi-seng tùi iá-seng-chéng chai-pôe chhut-lâi ê lông-chok-bu̍t. Hiān-tāi ê lông-ha̍k choan-ka iû-goân bô hoat-tō· kái-soeh chi̍t-kóa-á New Guinea lông-gia̍p ki-su̍t ê goân-lí, tan chai ū-hāu.\n\nLâm-tó-lâng iok-lio̍k 3,600 nî chêng tùi Tang-lâm-a ín-chìn ke kap ti chit 2 chióng cheng-seⁿ-á. Han-chî ká-ná sī chòe-kīn kúi-pah-nî chiah tùi Hui-li̍p-pin ín--ji̍p-lâi ê (koh khah chá ū Se-pan-gâ-lâng chah Lâm-bí han-chî khì kàu Hui-li̍p-pin). Han-chî pí ō·-á khah khoài sêng-se̍k, sán-gia̍h mā khah tōa, iū-koh m̄-kiaⁿ thô·-bah sán; ín-chìn liáu-āu pìⁿ-chiâⁿ koân-tē siāng tiōng-iàu ê lông-chok-bu̍t.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nTī koân-tē tē-khu, Baliem kap Wahgi Soaⁿ-kok siāng khoah, jîn-kháu ê gia̍h kap bi̍t-tō· lóng siāng koân. Kè-khì kú-kú 1 pái hóe-soaⁿ po̍k-hoat, chhèng--chhut-lâi ê hóe-hu ū pó· thô·-bah ê chok-iōng, chóng--sī oân-ná chō-chiâⁿ jîn-kháu tōa cheng-ka. Jîn-kháu ap-le̍k ū kúi-nā-ê in-sò· éng-hióng. Tû-liáu sio-chiàn í-gōa, thoân-thóng siā-hōe iū-koh u thâi-eⁿ, the̍h gín-á, pī-īn, kìm-iok téng-téng ê pō·-sò· kàng-kē jîn-kháu.\n\nKīn-tāi in-ūi ū kong-kiōng oē-seng, sin chèng-chok-bu̍t, pō·-lo̍k chi-kan oân-ná bô koh-chài sio-chiàn.\n\nSiā-hōe\n-------\n\nKoân-tē-lâng ê thoân-thóng siā-hōe ē-sái kóng chin pêng-téng. In bô ông, sīm-chí bô pō·-lo̍k thâu-lâng. Chng-thâu sī siāng koân, siāng ki-pún ê tan-ūi, sò·-liōng chin chē. Kiàn-nā ū tiōng-iàu ê tāi-chì su-iàu koat-téng--ê, ta̍k-ke tō chi̍p chò-hóe khui-hōe gī-lūn. In-ūi bô chèng-sek ê thâu-lâng (ke̍k-ke ū kúi-ê-á khah ū éng-hióng-la̍t ê chng-bîn hō-chò \"tōa--ê\"), thong-siông su-iàu thó-lūn chin kú chiah ū-hoat-tō· ta̍t-sêng kiōng-sek (chháu-kin-sèng ê bîn-chú-chú-gī). Chit khoán chèng-tī bûn-hòa kàu-taⁿ iáu tī--teh.\n\nLe̍k-sú sū-kiāⁿ\n---------------\n\nTī 46,000 nî chêng khai-sí ū lâng lī-khui A-chiu tāi-lio̍k keng-kòe Ìn-nî kûn-tó lâi kàu New Guinea (tong-sî hām Australia kāng 1 tè tāi-lio̍k).\n\nLâm-tó-lâng tī 3,600 nî chêng si̍t-bîn New Guinea tang-lâm, pak, kap sai ê iân-hái tē-tài, í-ki̍p sai, pak, tang ê chi̍t-kóa-á hái-tó. Hiah-ê tē-khu hām Tang-lâm-a pô-chhî siang-gia̍p koan-hē. Sīm-chí ū Tiong-kok hûi-á keng-kòe Tang-lâm-a ūn kàu New Guinea.\n\nPortugal-chek ê kiâⁿ-chûn-lâng tī 1526 nî khoàⁿ-tio̍h New Guinea. Hái-hōaⁿ kē-tē-ūi-á chū hit-chūn khai-sí ū Au-chiu-lâng kàu-ūi pài-hóng. Lōe-tē ê koân-tē tē-khu in-ūi kau-thong bô lī-piān, chin oh ji̍p-soaⁿ, Au-chiu-lâng lia̍h-chún bô tòa lâng. It-ti̍t kàu 1930 nî-tāi chiah ū gōa-lâng sái hui-hêng-ki poe kòe lōe-tē, hit-sî chiah hoat-kak ko-tē tang-sî-á tòa kúi-nā-pah-bān lâng.\n\nKē-tē-kok tī 1828 nî seng-bêng hōaⁿ sai-pòaⁿ-pêng. Tek-kok kap Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok tī 1884 nî hun-koah tang-pòaⁿ-pêng, che āu--lâi sio̍k-î Australia-kok koán-hat. Kàu-kah 1960 nî kui-ê New Guinea (pau-koah lōe-tē) lóng sī Au-chiu kok-ka teh hōaⁿ. Chóng--sī New Guinea ê Au-chiu-lâng jîn-kháu chêng-kàu-taⁿ lóng bô goân-chū-bîn chē. Tī 1880 nî-tāi chìn-chêng, ē-sái kóng só·-ū ê Au-chiu si̍t-bîn kè-e̍k lóng in-ūi jia̍t-tài thoân-jiám-pēⁿ choâⁿ-á sit-pāi. Hiah-ê pēⁿ pau-koah malaria, koaⁿ-iām. (Koân-tē bô malaria, m̄-koh Au-chiu-lâng kàu 1930 nî-tāi chiah kàu-ūi.)\n\nChèng-tī tē-tô͘\nNew Guinea-lâng pún-sin mā bô chhiūⁿ Australia goân-chū-bîn (hām in kāng chó·-sian) siū Kū Tāi-lio̍k thoân-jiám-pēⁿ éng-hióng hiah siong-tiōng. Che kiám-chhái sī in-ūi Au-chiu-lâng bōe kàu-ūi chìn-chêng, New Guinea tō í-keng hām A-chiu ū tn̂g-kî chiap-chhiok ê keng-giām, chāi-tē jîn-kháu ū kú-tn̂g ê sî-kan (3,500 nî) thang lia̍p-chek té-khòng-la̍t. Koh, kàu-kah Au-chiu-lâng si̍t-bîn sêng-kong, hiān-tāi kong-kiōng oē-seng ki-su̍t í-keng pí éng-kòe-á ke chin hoat-ta̍t. Au-chiu tián-hêng ê kok-bu̍t (be̍h-á) kap cheng-seⁿ-á (gû, iûⁿ) bô hoat-tō· sek-èng New Guinea ê khoân-kéng. Kàu-taⁿ New Guinea ê lông-gia̍p chú-iàu iá-sī iōng kó·-chá thoân--lo̍h-lâi ê jia̍t-tài chèng-choh ki-su̍t.\n\nTang-pêng tī 1960 nî-tāi tùi Australia to̍k-li̍p chhut-khì. Ìn-nî thoat-lî Kē-tē-kok thóng-tī bô jōa kú tō sūn-sè khì chiàm New Guinea sai-pêng, hō-miâ chò Irian Jaya-séng. Che ē-sái kóng sī Lâm-tó-bîn-cho̍k chiap-sòa ǹg tang khok-chhiong ê 1-ê lē.\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\nGí-giân chin chē, 1,000 chióng chó-iū, kî-tiong poàⁿ-sò· jîn-kháu bô kàu 500 lâng. Iân-hái ê chi̍t-kóa-á gí-giân lām-tio̍h Lâm-tó-gí-hē ê sêng-hūn.","meta":{"title":"New Guinea","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,6054,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7027}} -{"text":"\n\n| \n**Hoat-ka** hē-lia̍t bûn-chiuⁿ |\n| --- |\n| Hoat-ka ê jîn-bu̍t |\n| Chhun-chhiu:Koán Tiōng · Chú-sán\nChiàn-kok:Lí Khoe · Ngô͘ Khí · Sīn Tò · Sin Put-hāiSiong Iang · Lí Su · Hân Hui |\n| Hoat-ka ê tù-chok |\n| * *Lí-chú*\n* *Hoat-keng*\n* *Sin-chú*\n* *Sīn-chú*\n* *Siong-kun-su*\n* *Hân-hui-chú*\n |\n| chit--ê pang-bô͘: * hián-sī\n* thó-lūn\n* pian-chip\n |\n\n**Hoat-ka** (法家) sī tī Tiong-kok le̍k-sú tiong, gián-kiù kok-ka tī-lí hong-sek ê ha̍k-phài. I tī *Hàn-su* *Gē-bûn-chì* lāi-bīn sī kiú-liû (九流) chi-it. Hoat-ka ê su-sióng goân-thâu ē-ēng tui-sok kàu Chhun-chhiu sî-tāi ê Koán Tiōng kap Chú-sán. Lo̍h-bóe tī Chiàn-kok sî-tāi ê Lí Khoe, Ngô͘ Khí, Sīn Tò, Sin Put-hāi iáu-ū Siong Iang ê thui-kóng hoat-tián chi-hā, chiām-chiām chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t ê khah ū hē-thóng ê su-sióng ha̍k-phài. Chiàn-kok bóe-kî, Hân Hui kā chia chi̍t-kóa khah ū éng-hióng-le̍k ê ha̍k-soat chò chéng-lí, āu-lâi Hoat-ka ê su-sióng chiâⁿ-chò Chîn-kok thóng-it thian-hā ê lí-lūn ki-chhó͘. Hoat-ka ê lí-lūn kiông-tiāu kóng: *put hun chhin-so͘, put sû kùi-chiān, it toàn î hoat* (不分親疏, 不殊貴賤, 一斷於法).","meta":{"title":"Hoat-ka","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[280,983,0.28484231943031535],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1209}} -{"text":"\n***Harry Potter*** (liām-chò **Ha-lī Phó͘-thò**) sī chok-ka J. K. Rowling ê hoàn-sióng sió-soat hē-lia̍t ê chú-kak, ia̍h sī chheh kap āu--lâi ê tiān-iáⁿ ê thong-sio̍k miâ-chheng. Hē-lia̍t tē-1-pún, *Harry Potter kap Mô·-chio̍h* (*Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone*), tī 1997-nî chhut-pán. Siōng sin ê tē-6-pún, *Harry Potter kap Poàⁿ-soaⁿ Ông-chú* (*Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince*), tī 2005-nî chhut-pán, àn-sǹg lóng-chóng ē chhut 7 pún. Goân-bûn sī Eng-kok-sek ê Eng-bûn. Chêng-kàu-taⁿ í-keng hoan-e̍k chò chì-chió 55 chióng ê gí-giân, pau-koat La-teng-bûn kap Kó·-tián Hi-lia̍p-bûn. Choân sè-kài ê siau-lō· ko·-kè chhiau-kòe 2-ek 5-chheng-bān pún. Sui-bóng chu-iàu ê tho̍k-chiá-kûn sī khah tōa-hàn ê gín-á, Harry Potter ê tho̍k-chiá bô hān nî-hòe.\n\nTù-chok ê te̍k-sek\n------------------\n\nHē-lia̍t múi-1-chi̍p kì-chài Harry Potter tī Ti-chè-á Hoat-su̍t Ha̍k-hāu o̍h hoat-su̍t ê 1-tang sî-kan. Kò·-sū ê khì-hun 1 chi̍p pí 1 chi̍p khah o·-àm. Che hoán-èng chú-kak sêng-tióng kòe-têng ê chêng-sū piàn-hòa, siâng-sî mā tut-hián i ê sí-khiat Lord Voldemort kín lâi kín ū-la̍t.\n\nHarry Potter bó·-hong-bīn chhin-chhiūⁿ 1-khoán tián-hêng ê Eng-kok bûn-ha̍k -- í su-li̍p ha̍k-hāu ê seng-oa̍h chò kò·-sū ê tiōng-sim. Mā ū lâng jīm-ûi biô-siá Há-lih ê chhin-chiâⁿ hit-kóa toāⁿ-lo̍h lio̍h-á ū Roald Dahl ê khì-bī. Nā kap J. R. R. Tolkien ê Chhiú-chí ê Ông phēng, in kiōng-tông ū hoàn-sióng ê sêng-hūn, chok-chiá lóng lâi chū Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok, jī-chhiáⁿ 2 ê tù-chok lóng ū sí-tiong ê gín-á kap tōa-lâng tho̍k-chiá, koh lóng ū phah chò tiān-iáⁿ.\n\nHóng--ê tù-chok\n---------------\n\nIōng Harry Potter sè-kài oân-sêng ê tē-2-chía chok-phín ū kúi-nā-pún. In-ūi bô tit-tio̍h goân-chok-chiá tông-ì, J. K. Rowling kap i ê chhut-pán-siong chek-ke̍k chó·-tòng hiah-ê chheh lâu chiūⁿ chhī-bīn. Tī 2002-nî 1-pún hō-chò *Harry Potter kap Pà-cháu-liông* ê chheh iōng Rowling ê miâ-gī chhiúⁿ-tāi-seng tī Tiong-kok chhut-pán. Chit pún chheh chiâⁿ kín tō hō lâng jīm chhut sī ké--ê, chóng--sī chok-chiá kap chhut-pán-siong lóng bô siū hoat-lu̍t chè-chhâi.\n\nSió-soat kap tiān-iáⁿ\n---------------------\n\nBô Harry Potter ê hoan-e̍k-pún, só·-í í-hā ê chheh-miâ m̄-sī chèng-sek ê.\n\n* Tē-1-chi̍p: *Harry Potter kap Mô·-chio̍h*\n\t+ Chheh ê chhut-pán ji̍t: 1997\n\t+ Tiān-iáⁿ ê chhut-phìⁿ ji̍t: 2001, 11-go̍eh 16\n* Tē-2-chi̍p: *Harry Potter kap Bi̍t-sek*\n\t+ Chheh ê chhut-pán ji̍t: 1998\n\t+ Tiān-iáⁿ ê chhut-phìⁿ ji̍t: 2002, 11-go̍eh 15\n* Tē-3-chi̍p: *Harry Potter kap Azkaban ê Hoān-lâng*\n\t+ Chheh ê chhut-pán ji̍t: 1999, 9-go̍eh 8\n\t+ Tiān-iáⁿ ê chhut-phìⁿ ji̍t: 2004, 6-go̍eh 4\n* Tē-4-chi̍p: *Harry Potter kap Hóe-au-á*\n\t+ Chheh ê chhut-pán ji̍t: 2000, 7-go̍eh 8\n\t+ Tiān-iáⁿ ê chhut-phìⁿ ji̍t: 2005, 11-go̍eh 18\n* Tē-5-chi̍p: *Harry Potter kap Hōng-hông-siā*\n\t+ Chheh ê chhut-pán ji̍t: 2003, 6-go̍eh 21\n\t+ Tiān-iáⁿ ê chhut-phìⁿ ji̍t: 2006 a̍h-sī 2007\n* Tē-6-chi̍p: *Harry Potter kap Poàⁿ-soaⁿ Ông-chú*\n\t+ Chheh ê chhut-pán ji̍t: 2005, 7-go̍eh 16\n\t+ Tiān-iáⁿ ê chhut-phìⁿ ji̍t: siāng-kín 2008\n* Tē-7-chi̍p: *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows*\n\nChām-gōa liân-kiat\n------------------\n\n* Hông-koan ê Harry Potter ia̍h (Tâi-oân Hôa-gí-pán ê chhut-pān-siā)\n* Harry Potter tiān-iáⁿ Tâi-oân koaⁿ-hong-chām","meta":{"title":"Harry Potter","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[884,2955,0.2991539763113367],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3581}} -{"text":"**Harry Daniel Beeby** (1920 nî 8 goe̍h 24 ji̍t – 2013 nî 3 goe̍h 18 ji̍t), hō Hàn-miâ **Bí-te̍k-lí** (彌迪理), sī Eng-kok ê bo̍k-su, ùi Yorkshire ê Hul chhut-sì. I tī 1946 nî hong phài kàu Tiong-kok Ē-mn̂g, 1949 nî hiòng Hiong-káng so͘-khai, āu-lâi tńg Eng-kok, kàu 1950 nî koh phài lâi Tâi-oân.\n\nI tī Tâi-oân pat chò Tióng-êng Tiong-ha̍k hāu-bo̍k, mā chham-ka liáu Tang-hái Tāi-ha̍k ê sêng-li̍p chún-pī, āu lâi khì Tâi-lâm Sîn-ha̍k-īⁿ chiap chò hù īⁿ-tiúⁿ. 1972 nî, i chham-ú Ki-tok-kàu só͘ hoat-piáu hi-bāng chèng-hú kái-kek ê Tùi Kok-sī ê Seng-bêng kap Kiàn-gī. Chit hūn kiàn-gī pún-té sī Chìm-sìn-hōe, Ōe-lí Kong-hōe kap Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hōe liân-ha̍p thê-chhut, m̄ kok siāng bóe kaⁿ-taⁿ Tiúⁿ-ló-hōe chhiam-sú. In-ūi á-né, i soah hō͘ Tiông-hoa Bîn-kok chèng-hú kóaⁿ chhut Tâi-oân.\n\nTó-tńg Eng-kok liáu-āu, i khì Birmingham ê Selly Oak chāi-tē ha̍k-hāu kà-chheh, 1986 nî thè-hiu.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* 鄭仰恩 (2001). \"邁向未知旅程的宣教師 彌迪理牧師小傳\" (PDF). *新使者雜誌*.\n* \"彌迪理安息 台灣感念他的愛\" (PDF). *台灣教會公報*. 2013.","meta":{"title":"Harry Daniel Beeby","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[118,976,0.12090163934426229],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1156}} -{"text":"**Lí Tîng-ki** (hàn-gú:李廷機; 1642－1616), jī Nī Tiong (爾張), hō Kiú Ngóo (九我), Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn Tsuân-tsiu hú Tsìn-kang kuān [zh] Sin-mn̂g guā Hû Kiô (hiān-tsāi sio̍k-ú Tsuân-tsiu tshī Hû-kiô ke-tō) jîn-sū. Bîng-tiâu tsìng-tīp jîn-bu̍t, kuan tsì Bêng-tiâu luē-koh [zh] siú-hú [zh].\n\nSing-pîng\n---------\n\nTiong-kok Bîng-tiâu Ka-tsīng 21-nî (1542) tshut-sì. Í kòng ji̍p thai-ha̍k, Liông-khìng 4-nî (1507-nî) king-ngóo kho Sūn-thian hú [zh] (tsit-má ê Pak-kiann) hiong-tshì tē-1. Bān-li̍k 11-nî (1583), huē-tshì ho̍k tē-1, í póng-gán tsìn-sū [zh] tē-2, siū pian-siu. Luí-tshian tsè-tsiú, lik-jīm Lâm-kiann lī-pōo iū-sū-lông, lé-pōo iū-sū-lông, lé-pōo sióng-su, tang-koh tāi-ha̍k-sū [zh].\n\nBān-li̍k 34-nî (1606), Tîng Ki siū Bān Li̍k sióng-sik, í lé-pōo sióng-su kiam tang-koh tāi-ha̍k-sū ji̍p luē-koh tsham-ú ki-bū, m̄-ku giân-lōo jīn-uî i kah tsiân siú-hú Sin Sî-hîng (申時行), Sím It-kuàn (沈一貫) tíng-jîn su-siong siū-siū, in-tshú siū--tio̍h bē-tsió giân-kuan ê huán-tuì, kau-tsiong tân-hi̍k. Bān-li̍k 36-nî (1608), tiau-sîn lūn siú-hú Tsu King (朱賡) tsuē, kiam-ki̍p Lí Tîng-ki, Lí pì-mn̂g sòo-gua̍t put-tshut, lāi-koh sū-bū lóng hōotong-sî sin İàn-king (燕京) ji̍p koh ê Ia̍p Hiòng-ko (葉向高) tshú-lí. Suî-āu sòo-nî it-ti̍t put-tuan ū lâng siōng-soo kong-kik, Lí bînsing sî-ì. I tio̍h bē-tiāu Iàn-king pâng-ok sán-gia̍p, tsín-tsè pîn-khóo. Lî-tshiánn koh-khah tshin-lâng sàng tńg--khì Tsuân-tsiu, ka-kī ún-ku Tsin-bú biō (真武廟), tshíng-kiû thè-hiu tsiok-tsiokū ngó-nî; liân-suà siōng-su 120 huê, hông-tè ū-khuànn kan-na bô-khuànn, tsuè-āu Lí Tîng-ki mōo-tsuē tsū-hîng huê-tsi̍k. Bān-li̍k 40-nî (1612), hông-tè tsóng-sǹg phue-tsún Lí Tîng-ki tì-sū (thè-hiu).\n\n9-gue̍h tsìn-sing thài-tsú thài-pó huê-tsik, tuà 4-nî liáu-āu kuè-sin, tsīng Siàu-pó, sē-hō Bûn-tsiat (文節). Bîng-sú pún-tuān kì kî-jîn \"Tú-sū iú-tsip, iû liâm-kiat, jiân sìng khik-tshim, i̍k phó phian-pi̍k, put am tāi-thé\" (遇事有執, 尤廉潔, 然性刻深, 亦頗偏愎, 不諳大體), jî tsip-tsìng \"Hē koh-tsi̍k 6-nî, píng-tsìng tsí 9-gue̍h, bô tāi-kò\" (系閣籍六年, 秉政止九月, 無大過 ); \"Tîng-ki hú-tsìng ê sî, Sù-tshuan sûn-hú Kiâu Pik-sing (喬璧星) juē io̍k (kian-tshî beh) thó (thó-hua̍t) Tìn-hiông Án Giâu-sîn (安堯臣), kah Kuì-tsiu siú-sîn tshî-gī put-kuat. Tîng-ki li̍k-tsú thiat-ping, kî-āu tsut (kiat-kó) bô-sū, gī-tsiá (tsham-ka gī-lūn-tsiá) thing-tsi (lóng kā o-ló)\" (廷機輔政時, 四川巡撫喬璧星銳欲討鎮雄安堯臣, 與貴州守臣持議不決. 廷機力主撤兵, 其後卒無事, 議者稱之).\n\nTù-su̍t\n-------\n\n* 《四書垂世宗意》10卷 《燕居錄文集》 《五經纂注》20卷 《性理綜要》 22卷. (Hàn-gí)\n* 《四書口義》 3卷 《漢書要刪文粹》6卷 《秦漢殊言》 4卷 《性理大方》 70卷. (Hàn-gí)\n* 《四書臆說》 《在官錄》 1卷 《性理刪》 5卷 《春秋講章》 6卷. (Hàn-gí)\n* 《易經纂注》 4卷 《易答問》 4卷. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 泉州市地方志编纂委员会编 (2000-5). *泉州市志*. 北京: 中国社会科学出版社. pp. 第一章　人物传. ISBN 7-5004-2700-X. goân-loē-iông tī 2009-09-15 hőng khó͘-pih.  (Hàn-gí) (Hàn-gí)\n2. ↑ 據《万历⼗⼀年进⼠登科录》載，时\"年四⼗⼆，九⽉⼆⼗⼆⽇⽣\"，可推知其生年為嘉靖⼆⼗⼀年（1542）。 (Hàn-gí)\n3. ↑ 《枣林杂俎》記：\"李九我，隆庆解元，主考瑶泉申少师即留为馆宾，转馆于归安董宗伯家。癸未，李得会元。申正当国，宜以状元予之，续商文毅之盛。乃拔朱养淳国祚第一，李君居二。有意乎？无意乎？二公皆清正，未可甲乙也。\"（朱国祯《涌幢小品》）按，癸末廷试，申文定以子用懋入试，避读卷。则文肃所著殆未之考也。九我赐第，后见秀水颇怏怏。一日秀水疾，九我过候。坐榻推窗，庭松蟠屈，笑曰：\"弟尝梦历此景，或云功名在是，今得之矣。名次兄后，非豫兆耶？\"自是欢洽无间。 (Hàn-gí)\n4. ↑ 《明史》：\"廷機系閣籍六年，秉政止九月，無大過。言路以其與申時行、沈一貫輩密相授受，故交章逐之。\" (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* chó-lîm cha̍p-chó͘ [zh] (tsó-lîm tsa̍p-tsóo/棗林雜俎)\n* Iú-iông cha̍p-chó͘ [zh] (İú-iông tsa̍p-tsóo/酉陽雜俎)\n* Tiong-kok tóng-àn bûn-hiàn uî-sán [en] (中國檔案文獻遺產)\n* ióng-tông sió-phín [en] (涌幢小品)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource has original works written by or about:***李廷機*** |\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**闽中理学渊源考/卷七十一#文節李九我先生廷機 (Hàn-gí)** |\n\n* 明朝四大首辅 (Hàn-gí)\n* 明朝首辅李廷机 (Hàn-gí)\n* 五字鑒 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃 (Hàn-gí)\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 158227851\n* GND: 1045983578\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Lí Têng-ki","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1609,4022,0.40004972650422677],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4687}} -{"text":"\n**Lí Kong-iāu** (Hàn-jī: 李光耀; Eng-gí: *Lee Kuan Yew*; 1923 nî 9 goe̍h 16 ji̍t – 2015 nî 3 goe̍h 23 ji̍t) Sin-ka-pho chêng chóng-lí, hiān-jīm lōe-koh chu-chèng, Sin-ka-pho chèng-tôaⁿ siang-kài pâi-chí ê jîn-bu̍t, hō· lâng khòaⁿ-chòe si Sin-ka-pho ê kok-hū.\n\nLí Kong-iāu ê 1-sì-lâng\n-----------------------\n\nLí Kong-iāu chhut-sì tī Sin-ka-pho 1-ê kóng Eng-gí ê Tn̂g-lâng ka-têng, chū sè-hàn chiap-siū Eng-gí kàu-io̍k, 13 hōe hit-nî khò-ji̍p tng-tē siāng pâi-chí (siōng-kài chán) ê Eng-hāu Lâi-hu̍t-sū Su-īⁿ (莱佛士书院; *Raffles Institution*), 1940 nî chìn-ji̍p Lâi-hu̍t-sū Ha̍k-īⁿ (莱佛士学院; *Raffles College*), Ji̍t-pún kun-tūi chiàm-niá Sin-ka-pho liáu-āu, i tiong-tn̄g ha̍k-gia̍p. Chiàn-cheng kòe-āu, i lâi-kàu Eng-kok liû-ha̍k, tiàm Lûn-tun Keng-chè Ha̍k-īⁿ (伦敦经济学院; *London School of Economics*) ha̍k-si̍p ê sî, Li Kong-iāu siū-tio̍h i ê tō-su Lasky siā-hōe chú-gī lí-lūn ê éng-hiáng, khai-sí hián-sī chhut hóan-tùi si̍t-bîn thóng-tī ê kóan-liām. Put-lī-kò, āu-lâi ê Lí Kong-iāu khiok-sī chiâⁿ-chòe 1-ê sè-kāi thong-lâng chai ê hóan kiōng-sán chú-gī chiá. I ê hôe-ek-lio̍k kí-châi kóng \"thó-iàm (thó-iah) kiōng-sán-tóng, kin-pún gôan-in sī in chhái-iōng Lenin-chú-gī, put chāi-î in-ê Marx-chú-gī su-sióng\". \n\nTī Eng-kok Lûn-tun ha̍k-si̍p 1-nî liáu-sū, Li Kong-iāu iu-koh chóan-ha̍k Kiàm-kiâu Tāi-ha̍k (剑桥大学; *University of Cambridge*) choan-kong hoat-lu̍t, 1949 nî pit-gia̍p liáu-āu the̍h-tio̍h lu̍t-su chu-keh chèng-su. Mā-to̍h-sī sio-kāng tī chit-nî, Li Kong-iāu kah i tiàm Lâi-hu̍t-sū Su-īⁿ ê cha-bó· tông-o̍h (tâng-o̍h) Koa Gio̍k-chi (柯玉芝) kiat-sêng liân-lí. 1950 nî, Lí Kong-iāu tī Eng-kok ka-ji̍p 1-ê iû tng-tē Tang-lâm-a jîn-sū chó·-sêng ê thôan-thé \"Má-lâi-a Lūn-tôaⁿ\", tui-kiu Má-lâi-a to̍k-li̍p sī in ê bo̍k-phiau. Hit-1-tang ê 8 go̍eh, Li Kong-iāu tò-tńg-lâi Sin-ka-pho, chò lu̍t-su ê khang-khòe. 1952 nî, Sin-ka-pho siā-hōe kang-lâng pà-kang, Lí Kong-iāu chêng-keng chhut-bīn chò tāi-piáu khì hām chèng-hú tâm-pòaⁿ. In-ūi chit-pái ê keng-le̍k, hō· i miâ-siaⁿ thàng kiaⁿ-siâⁿ, pēng-chhiáⁿ khái-sí tī kang-hōe tang-tiong kiàn-li̍p kûn-chiòng ki-chhó·, che tùi ji̍t-āu chiông-chèng pang-chō· chin tōa. \n\n1954 nî 10 go̍eh, Li Kong-iāu hām 1-tīn ùi Eng-kok tńg--lâi ê Tn̂g-lâng, koh hām tiàm tng-tē siū Hôa-bûn kàu-io̍k ê chó-phài ha̍k-seng kah kang-hōe thâu-lâng, kiōng-tông sêng-li̍p Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng, pēng-chhiáⁿ sûi chham-ka keh-nî ê sóan-kú. Lí Kong-iāu tī chit-pái sóan-kí tang-tiong sūn-lī tòng-sóan li̍p-hoat gī-īⁿ ê gī-ôan, chhú-khì i kah Sin-ka-pho ê Kiōng-sán-tóng ha̍p-chok, sîm-kiû to̍k-li̍p. \n\nKong-gôan 1959 nî, Sin-ka-pho tit-tio̍h chū-tī ê tē-ūi, Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng tī chū-tī chèng-hú thâu-piān sóan-kí tang-tiong chiâⁿ-chòe li̍p-hoat gī-īⁿ tē-it tōa tóng, Li Kong-iāu chhut-jīm chóng-lí. Chhú-khì, Li Kong-iāu it-ti̍t ǹg-bāng beh kah Má-lâi-a ha̍p-pēng sêng-li̍p \"Tōa Má-lâi-se-a \", bo̍k-tek sī beh cheng-chhú chin-chiàⁿ ê to̍k-li̍p, siâng-sî koh ē-tàng ūi Sin-ka-pho keng-chè hoat-tián thê-kiong pó-chiòng, mā ē-tàng sūn-sòa siau-bia̍t tng-tē ná lâi nâ ū sè-le̍k ê Kiōng-sán-tòng. \n\n1961 nî, Lí Kong-iāu chhōa-thâu ê hóan-kiōng hūn-chú kah tòng-lāi ê chhin-kiōng hūn-chú hūn-lia̍t. 1963 nî 7 go̍eh, tī Lí Kong-iāu ê nó·-le̍k hā, Sin-ka-pho kah Má-lâi-a chèng-hú ta̍t-sêng hia̍p-gī, siang-hong chèng-sek ha̍p-pēng. Ha̍p-pēng liáu-āu ê Má-lâi-se-a liân-pang chèng-hú kah Li Kong-iāu léng-tō ê Sin-ka-pho chèng-hú chhái-chhú hêng-tōng, lia̍h-cháu chin-chōe Kiōng-sán-tóng ê ko-chân jîn-sū. \n\nPut-lī-kò, ha̍p-pèng liáu-āu ê liân-pang chèng-hú kah Sin-ka-pho chèng-hú tī-leh pau-koat keng-chè chāi-lāi ê to-chióng chèng-chhek téng-bīn hoat-seng giâm-tiōng ê hun-kî. 1964 nî, Sin-ka-pho hoat-seng chéng-chio̍k tōng-lōan, Lí Kong-iāu chèng-hú khián-chek Má-lâi-se-a liân-pang chèng-hú khì-tô· thê-sak \"chéng-cho̍k sa-bûn chú-gī \", hō· Má-lâi-lâng tī liân-pang lāi-pō· hiáng-siū te̍k-sû ê thāi-gū, pēng-chhiáⁿ siàn-tōng Sin-ka-pho ê Má-lâi-lâng hóan-tùi tng-tē ê Tn̂g-lâng chèng-hú. In-ūi án-ne ê gôan-in, tō-tì Sin-ka-pho tī 1965 nî 8 go̍eh thè-chhut Má-lâi-se-a liân-pang. \n\nTo̍k-li̍p liáu-āu, Li Kong-iāu chek-ke̍k thui-tōng keng-chè kái-kek kah hoat-tián, chhōa-niá Sin-ka-pho iōng 30-nî ê sî-kan hoat-tián chiâⁿ-chòe A-chiu siāng-kài hoat-ta̍t ê kok-ka chit-it. Chāi i ê jīm-kî lāi, i thui-thōng kah khai-hoat Jū-lông Kang-gia̍p Ôan-khu (裕廊工业园区; *Jurong Industrial Estate*), chhòng-li̍p kong-chek-kim chè-tō·, sêng-li̍p liâm-chèng kong-sú, chìn-hêng kàu-io̍k kái-kek téng-téng to-hāng ê chèng-chhek. Kin-ná-ji̍t ê Sin-ka-pho chèng-hú it-kòan óa-khò \"ko-hāu, liâm-kiat\" chhut-miâ chôan-sè-kài, jîn-bîn ê seng-o̍ah chúi-pêng pí kî-thaⁿ ê A-chiu kok-ka kôan chin-chōe. \n\nKong-gôan 1990 nî, Lí Kong-iāu sî khì kok-ka chóng-lí ê chit-bū, tām-jīm chèng-hú lōe-koh chu-chèng it-ti̍t kàu-kah chit-chūn. Lí Kong-iāu 1-sì-lâng thê-sak \"A-chiu kè-ta̍t koan\" , chú-tiuⁿ A-chiu kok-ka bô su-iàu ôan-chôan àn-chiàu se-hong kok-ka ê ke-ta̍t-koan chò tāi-chì.\n\nHām Tiong-kok ê koan-hē\n-----------------------\n\nChá-kî, Lí Kong-iāu kah Tâi-ôan hong-bīn ê liân-hē khah chia̍p. 20 sè-kí 70 nî-tāi Sin-ka-pho kah Tai-ôan tī kun-sū siōng chìn-hêng chin-chōe hāng ê ha̍p-chok, Lí Kong-iāu pún-lâng mā bat kúi-ā-pái hong-būn Tâi-ôan, hām Chiúⁿ Keng-kok kò-jîn ê kau-chêng chin chhim. Lí Teng-hui chiūⁿ-tāi liáu-āu, pún-jiân in 2-lâng kau-óng mā chin bi̍t-chhiat, m̄-koh āu--lâi koan-hē pián-pháiⁿ. Put-lī-kò, i hām hiān-jīm ê Tâi-ôan léng-tō-lâng Tân Chúi-píⁿ ê koan-hē ôan-á sī bōe-pháiⁿ, A-píⁿ-á chiūⁿ-tāi liáu-āu, Li Kong-iāu bat hong-mn̄g Tâi-ôan 2-pái. \n\nLí Kong-iāu tī-leh 20 sè-kí 70 nî-tāi bóe-kî khái-sí hām Tiong-kok Tāi-liok phah-kau-koan, siang-hong lóng kā 60 nî-tāi hōng-hêng ê te̍k-tùi chèng-chhek pàng-1-piⁿ. Li Kong-iāu bat pài-hòe kòe Mô· Te̍k-tong, Tēng Siáu-pêng kah kî-thaⁿ kúi-nā-ê Tiong-kok léng-tō-lâng. Tī Lí Kong-iāu ê khan-sêng chi-hā, 1993 nî tī Sin-ka-pho, hái-kiap lióng-hōaⁿ kú-hêng hōe-tâm, ì-gī tiōng-tāi, che to̍h-sī tù-miâ ê \"Ong-Ko· hōe-tâm\" (Ko·-Ong hōe-tâm).\n\nPhêng-kè\n--------\n\nLí Kong-iāu tī Sin-ka-pho bêng-bōng chin-kôan, tī kok-chè siōng mā-ū chin-hó ê mia-siaⁿ. M̄-koh mā-ū chin-chōe lâng khián-chek Sin-ka-pho pēng-bô cha̍p-chiok ê chū-iû, chèng-tī siōng mā bô kàu bîn-chú. Lí Kong-iāu ê 2-ê hāu-siⁿ lóng-chóng tī chèng-hú tang-tiong tam-jīm tiōng-iàu ê chit-bū, tōa-hàn hāu-siⁿ Lí Hián-liông sī hiān-jīm ê Sin-ka-pho chóng-lí, thiaⁿ-kong mā í-keng khak-tēng si ē-jīm chóng-thóng hāu-sóan-jîn; sè-hàn hāu-siⁿ Lí Hián-iông sī kok-ka siōng tōa ê kok-iú khì-gia̍p Sin-ka-pho tiān-sìn ê chóng-chhâi. Lí Hián-liông ê ke-āu Hô Cheng tī 2002 nî chhut-jīm chèng-hú khòng-chè ê chu-kim kóan-lí kong-si tàm-má-sek khòng-kó· (淡马锡控股) ê tàng-sū. Tù-miâ ê châi-keng mûi-thé Bloomberg hoat-piáu bûn-chiuⁿ khau-sè kóng, che sī 1-chióng \"ūi-tio̍h bóan-chiok Lí--sì ka-chio̍k lī-ek ê hú-pāi ê khai-sí \". Bûn-chiuⁿ hoat-piáu liáu-āu, sûi cho-siū tio̍h Lí Kong-iāu kiông-lia̍t ê hó·ⁿ-tēng kah khòng-kò. Sui-jiân lō·-bóe Lí Kong-iāu phah iâⁿ chit-tiûⁿ ê koaⁿ-si, put-lī-kò chit-khóan ê phoe-phêng iu-gôan tī-leh.\n\nSí-bông\n-------\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* Lí Kong-iāu siá ：*Lí Kong-iāu hoê-ek-lio̍k*——*Hong-ú to̍k-li̍p lō·*（1923~1965）-Pak-kiaⁿ : Goā-bûn chhut-pán-siā 1998 nî 9 ge̍h, ISBN 7-119-02255-5\n* Lí Kong-iāu siá ：*Lí Kong-iāu hoê-ek-lio̍k*——*Keng-chè thêng-hui lō·*（1965~2000）-Pak-kiaⁿ : Goā-bûn chhut-pán-siā 2001 nî 9 ge̍h, ISBN 7-119-01979-1\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nSin-ka-pho chóng-lí |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n1. Lí Kong-iāu (1959–1990)\n2. Gô͘ Chok-tòng (1990–2004)\n3. Lí Hián-liông (2004– )\n\n | Sin-ka-pho Kok-hui |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Lí Kong-iāu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[404,7319,0.055198797649952176],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8561}} -{"text":"**Lêng-goân** (能源) ê sú-iōng tī jîn-lūi siā-hōe í-keng chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t ê koan-kiān ê ki-su̍t hoat-tián. Tī jīm-hô chi̍t ê siā-hōe lóng bô-hoat-tō͘ pī-bián koán-lí lêng-goân ê sú-iōng. Tī kang-gia̍p-hòa kok-ka lāi-pō͘, lêng-goân chu-goân tī hoat-tián lông-gia̍p, kau-thong, pùn-sò siu-chi̍p, chu-sìn kho-ki kap thong-sìn sī chiâⁿ-chò hoat-ta̍t siā-hōe ê sian-koat tiâu-kiāⁿ. Chū-chiông kang-gia̍p kek-bēng liáu-āu, lêng-goân ê sú-iōng jú-lâi-jú chē, mā tòa-lâi chi̍t-kóa giâm-tiōng ê būn-tê; chhin-chhiūⁿ Tē-kiû sio-lo̍h-hòa tùi bo̍k-chiân sè-kài ū chiâm-chāi ê giâm-tiōng hong-hiám. Lēng-gōa, in-ūi keng-chè oa̍h-tāng, pí-lūn chè-chō-gia̍p kap ūn-su-gia̍p ê bi̍t-chi̍p, lêng-goân hāu-lu̍t, i-lāi, an-choân kap kè-siàu téng būn-tê mā hō͘ lâng koan-chù.\n\nTī jîn-lūi siā-hōe pōe-kéng hā ê lêng-goân chu-goân it-poaⁿ sī teh kóng jiân-liāu, chio̍h-iû ka-kang sán-phín kap tiān-le̍k. Chia-ê lóng sī ē-tàng lī-iōng ê lêng-goân lâi-goân, in-ūi in ē-tàng chin kán-tan lâi choán-hòa chò kî-thaⁿ ūi-tio̍h te̍k-tēng iōng-tô͘ ê lêng-goân.\n\nTī chū-jiân-kài tiong, lêng-goân ē-tàng í kúi-nā chióng bô-kāng ê hêng-sek chûn-chāi: jia̍t, tiān, hok-siā, hòa-ha̍k-lêng téng-téng. Chē-chē chia-ê hêng-sek ē-tàng chin iông-ī choán-hòa chò lēng-gōa chi̍t chióng. Hiān-tāi lêng-goân it-poaⁿ ē-tàng pun chò thang-chài-seng lêng-goân kap thè-tāi lêng-goân.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85105992\n* GND: 4014720-4\n* BNF: cb119327613 (data)\n* NDL: 00561936\n* NKC: ph114469\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Lêng-goân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[92,1454,0.06327372764786796],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1730}} -{"text":"**Lêng-hûn im-ga̍k** he̍k-chiá-sī kóng **lêng-hûn-ga̍k** sī 1 chióng im-ga̍k ê khoán-sek. Ki-pún-tek thang kóng sī pán-liâu kap bu-lù-suh (R&B) lāi-té ê 1 ki.\n\nGoân-khí-thâu, sī 1950 nî-tāi kàu 1960 nî-tāi chho͘-kî, tī Bí-kok ê Hui-chiu-è hok-im im-ga̍k kap bu-lù-suh hoat-tián--chhut-lâi-ê im-ga̍k thé-hē. Keng-koè chi̍t-toāⁿ sî-kan liáu-āu, choaⁿ-á ùi pán-liâu kap bu-lù-suh ê im-ga̍k khoán-sek--ni̍h hông lēng-goā hō-miâ, piàn-chò lán chit-má kóng ê lêng-hûn im-ga̍k. In-ūi thâu-chêng chit-ê khí-tì, beh khui-phoà lêng-hûn im-ga̍k kap pán-liâu kap bu-lù-suh cheng-chha tī toh, ū khah oh kóng, chiâⁿ chē im-ga̍k ê hun-lūi ia̍h kui-khì kā in hē chò-hoé.\n\nMā ū lâng jīn-ûi lêng-hûn im-ga̍k khêng-si̍t tō-sī pán-liâu kap bu-lù-suh hām hok-im im-ga̍k thàu-lām ê im-ga̍k khoán-sek, kin-kì Iô-kún-ga̍k Bêng-jîn Tông ê tēng-gī, lêng-hûn im-ga̍k sī \"Ùi Bí-kok o͘-lâng ê keng-giām--ni̍h sán-seng ê im-ga̍k, thàu-koè kā hok-im im-ga̍k, pán-liâu kap bu-lù-suh chò choán-oāⁿ, piàn-chò liâu-phah tāng, piáu-hiān sè-sio̍k ê khoán-sek.\"","meta":{"title":"Lêng-hûn im-ga̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1012,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1166}} -{"text":"Tī hiàn-hoat tiong tēng-gī chò \"siā-hōe-chú-gī kok-ka\" ê kok-ka.\n\n**Siā-hōe-chú-gī kok-ka** (社會主義國家), chiū it-poaⁿ lâi kóng, sī si̍t-hêng siā-hōe-chú-gī chè-tō͘ ê kok-ka, ia̍h-sī chhái-iōng siā-hōe-chú-gī ì-sek hêng-thài ê kok-ka. Chèng-thé lóng-chóng sī kiōng-hô-chè. Kî-tiong, hia-ê tn̂g-kî si̍t-hêng kiōng-sán-tóng it-tóng chip-chèng, pēng sìn-gióng Marx-Lenin-chú-gī kap i-ê ián-seng lí-lūn ê kok-ka koh hō-chò **kiōng-sán-chú-gī kok-ka** (共產主義國家) kap **kiōng-sán-chú-gī chèng-koân** (共產主義政權). Tī chia-ê kok-ka hoān-ûi lāi kap kî-thaⁿ jīn-khó chit khoán chè-tō͘ ê kok-ka lāi hō-chò siā-hōe-chú-gī kok-ka, si̍t-hêng siā-hōe-chú-gī chè-tō͘. Kiōng-sán-chú-gī kok-ka è-tàng chûn-chāi chi̍t-koá ha̍p-hoat ê chèng-tóng, tān-sī kok-ka ê hiàn-hoat kan-na ē kā chip-chèng-koân kau hō͘ kiōng-sán-tóng. Só͘-í tī chit-khoán chêng-hòng hā, kok-ka kap kiōng-sán-tóng ê ki-kò͘ ē bi̍t-chhiat liân-kiat chò-hóe. Bo̍k-chiân, sè-kài-siōng kan-na ū 4 ê iû kiōng-sán-tóng chip-chèng ê \"siā-hōe-chú-gī kok-ka\", ū Tiong-kok, Oa̍t-lâm, Lao-kok kap Cuba.","meta":{"title":"Siā-hōe-chú-gī kok-ka","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1075,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1216}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Khiā-gô |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| *Pygoscelis antarctica* |\n|\n| Hoà-chio̍h hoān-ûi |\n| Paleocene-Choè-kīn |\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Aves |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | **Sphenisciformes**Sharpe, 1891 |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | **Spheniscidae**Bonaparte, 1831 |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k |\n| * *Aptenodytes*\n* *Eudyptes*\n* *Eudyptula*\n* *Megadyptes*\n* *Pygoscelis*\n* *Spheniscus*\n* Kî-thaⁿ í-keng khu̍t-chéng--ê\n |\n\n**Khiā-gô** (mā ū hō chò **khì-gô**) sī tiàm tī Lâm Poàn-kiû ê 1 chióng toà chúi--ni̍h seng-oa̍h (aquatic) koh bē poe ê chiáu-á (flightless bird). Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê hun-lūi kui tī **Sphenisciformes** ba̍k, **Spheniscidae** kho.\n\nKhiā-gô lóng-chóng pun kúi ê chéng taⁿ iáu ū cheng-gī, bûn-hiàn lia̍t 16 chì 19 chióng. Sui-bóng só͘-ū ê khiā-gô lóng tiàm tī Lâm Poàn-kiû, in m̄-nā kan-taⁿ khì-hāu koâⁿ ê só͘-chāi chiah ū-tè-chhoē. Khêng-si̍t ke̍k-ke kúi-chióng khiā-gô tiàm Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k hiah lâm ê só͘-chāi khiā-khí. Ū 3 ê chéng toà jia̍t-tāi, kî-tiong 1 chióng toà khì kah Galápagos Kûn-tó hiah pak ê ūi.\n\nTaⁿ siōng toā-chiah ê khiā-gô chéng sī Hông-tè Khiā-gô (*Aptenodytes forsteri*). Sêng-se̍k ê chiáu iok-liōng 110 cm koân, 35 kg khah tāng. Siōng sè--ê sī Sió Khiā-gô (Little Penguin), kan-taⁿ 40 cm koân, 1 kg tāng. It-poaⁿ lâi kóng, khah toā-phiāng ê khiā-gô khah gâu pó-sio, só͘-í toà koâⁿ só͘-chāi; sió-hêng--ê toà un-tāi, sīm-chì jia̍t-tāi (chham-khó Bergmann ê Kui-chek). Kó͘-chá ê chi̍t-koá chéng put-chí-á toā, bē-su lâng hiah toā-sian.\n\nToā-hūn ê khiā-gô chia̍h krill, hî, só-kńg (squid), kap kî-thaⁿ toà chúi--ni̍h lia̍h--ê hái-seng-bu̍t. Iok-lio̍k pun 1-poàⁿ sî-kan tiàm lio̍k-tē, 1-poàⁿ tiàm chúi--ni̍h.\n\nŪ-koá khiā-gô it-seng ū kò͘-tēng ê kau-phoè phoāⁿ, kî-thaⁿ--ê tō kan-taⁿ saⁿ-kap 1 ê kùi-cheh. Pē-bó ha̍p-chok tàu chhī ka-kī ê chiáu-kiáⁿ tīn. Koâⁿ-léng sî, chiáu-kang hū-chek kā nn̄g ù sio, chiáu-bó chhut-hái chhoē-chia̍h.\n\nKhiā-gô bô siáⁿ kiaⁿ lâng. In chú-iàu ê thian-te̍k sī chhan-chhiūⁿ pà-hái-pà (leopard seal) chit-khoán hái--ni̍h ê bah-si̍t tōng-bu̍t.\n\nLinux ê ang-á sī chi̍t-chiah pûi-thún ê khiā-gô, hō chò Tux.\n\nTô͘\n---\n\n* Teh siû-chúi ê khiā-gô\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Ogawa Naoyosi, pian. (1931). \"khiā-gô\". *Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten* 臺日大辭典 [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*] (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí).\n2. ↑ Ogawa Naoyosi, pian. (1931). \"khì-gô\". *Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten* 臺日大辭典 [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*] (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí).","meta":{"title":"Khiā-gô","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[528,2168,0.24354243542435425],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2781}} -{"text":"**Kim ha̍p-kim** he̍k **khe-kim** tī khí-kho pī sú-iōng lâi chù-chō siu-ho̍k-thé, khí-lông, kio̍k-pō· kò·-tēng ké-chhùi-khí, kio̍k-pō· oa̍h-tōng ké-chhùi-khí téng-téng. Hâm n̂g-kim jú-chē ê khe-kim siong-tùi khah nńg khah jio̍k. Beh hù-ha̍p chò koh-iūⁿ siu-ho̍k-thé kap ké-chhùi-khí ê su-iàu, hoat-tián chhut koh-iūⁿ ê kim-ha̍p-kim. \n\nTī khí-kho sú-iōng ê kim ha̍p-kim sī kim-tâng ha̍p-kim. Tâng ē-sái cheng-ka kim-ha̍p-kim ê kiông-tō· kap tēng-tō·\n\nHun-lūi\n-------\n\nKin-kù ADA specification tē-5 tiâu, ē-sái kā kim ha̍p-kim hun-chò 4 lūi.\n\n### Tē-1 lūi kim-ha̍p-kim\n\nTē-1 lūi kim-ha̍p-kim hâm-kim-liōng 81% kàu 83%, in-ūi chin nńg, kan-taⁿ ēng tī siū-la̍t siāng-chió ê kham-thé (inlay), chhiūⁿ khí-hoāⁿ, lîn-chiap-bīn chia bô siū-la̍t ê só·-chāi, kap bó·-chi̍t-koá siū-la̍t chiâⁿ chió ê kā-ha̍p-bīn. I ē-sái tī chhùi-lāi ti̍t-chiap chhau-chok chò kham-thé. \n\n### Tē-2 lūi kim-ha̍p-kim\n\nTē-2 lūi kim-ha̍p-kim hâm-kim-liōng 76% kàu 78%, sek-ha̍p chò chù-chō kham-thé (*casting inlay*). \n\n### Tē-3 lūi kim-ha̍p-kim\n\nTē-3 lūi kim-ha̍p-kim hâm-kim 73% kàu 77%, sek-ha̍p chò khí-lông, sì-hun-chi-saⁿ khí-lông, thâu-chêng-khí kap āu-piah-khí ê kio̍k-pō· kò·-tēng ké-chhùi-khí. \n\n### Tē-4 lūi kim-ha̍p-kim\n\nTē-4 lūi kim-ha̍p-kim hâm-kim 71% kàu 74%, sek-ha̍p chò kio̍k-pō· oa̍h-tōng ké-chhùi-khí, kio̍k-pō· kò·-tēng ké-chhùi-khí, sì-hun-chi-saⁿ khí-lông, khí-lông.","meta":{"title":"Kim ha̍p-kim (khí-kho)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1335,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1559}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Khióng-liông |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| pauh-liông chham lûi-liông |\n| Pó-io̍k chōng-hóng |\n| 化石 |\n| Hoà-chio̍h hoān-ûi |\n| Triassic - Cretaceous |\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Sauropsida |\n| A-kong: | Diapsida |\n| Ē-kong: | Archosauromorpha |\n|\n|\n| Chhiau-bo̍k: | **Dinosauria**Owen, 1842 |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Ba̍k |\n| * Ornithischia\n\t+ Thyreophora\n\t+ Cerapoda\n* Saurischia\n\t+ Sauropodomorpha\n\t+ Theropoda\n |\n\n**Khióng-liông** (恐龍; Latin-miâ: **Dinosauria**) sī chi̍t khóan lio̍k-tē seng-o̍ah ê chek-chui tōng-bu̍t, seng-chûn ê sî-kî sī Triassic (2 ek 3000 bān nî-chêng) kàu Cretaceous (6500 bān nî-chêng).\n\nHun-lūi\n-------\n\nKhióng-liông hun nn̄g tōa lūi: Ornithischia kap Saurischia, kî-tiong Saurischia hiān-chhú-sî í-keng hō͘ gián-kiù-chiá kong-jīn chò chiáu-lūi ê sian-chó͘. Tì-chhú, chiáu-lūi tī kho-ha̍k-siōng sī khióng-liông ê chi̍t-ê hun-chi.\n\nŪ chi̍t kóa hái tiong seng-o̍ah ia̍h sī ē-tàng poe ê chhin-lūi tōng-bu̍t, sè-sio̍k mā ka sǹg chò khióng-liông, chhin-chhiūⁿ e̍k-liông chham hî-liông, m̄-koh kho-ha̍k hun-lūi lāi-bīn ê khióng-liông bô hâm chia-ê tōng-bu̍t.","meta":{"title":"Khióng-liông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[308,945,0.32592592592592595],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1306}} -{"text":"Kim Tek-īⁿ tī 2008 nî\n**Kim Tek-īⁿ** sī chi̍t-keng biō-sī, tī Batavia, hiān-chāi ê Ngá-ka-ta̍t kiàn-chō—ê. Kim Tek-īⁿ óa-kīn Glodok, Ngá-ka-ta̍t siōng chá koh siōng tōa ê Tn̂g-lâng tē-khu.\n\nChi̍t-keng biō-sī tī 1650 nî khí—ê, miâ hō-chò *Koan-im-têng*. 1740 nî in-ūi hóe-sio, sio-liáu-liáu. 1755 nî kái-chō liáu-āu miâ hō-chò Kim Tek-īⁿ (\"金德院\"）. 18 sè-kí Batavia ê hoat-tián lú-lâi-lú-kín ê sî-chūn, Kim Tek-īⁿ piàn-chò Batavia siōng tiōng-iàu ê biō-sī. Kim Tek-īⁿ í-gōa, tī Batavia koh-ū 3-keng tiōng-iàu biō-á, tō-sī Koan-im-tông, Ancol-biō （Hok-tek-chèng-sîn-biō）, kap Siāng-tè-iâ-biō.\n\n1945 nî í-chêng, Batavia ê Kong-koán （ Batavia Tn̂g-lâng tek-pia̍t ki-koan/ Ìn-nî-ōe：*Dewan Tionghoa*）kā 4-keng tiōng-iàu biō-á koán-lí kap kì-hù. \n\n1965 nî í-lâi chit-keng biō-sī í-keng kái-miâ—ah, piàn-chò **Vihara Dharma Bhakti**.\n\nKàu-taⁿ chin-chē Ngá-ka-ta̍t lâng khì Kim Tek-īⁿ lâi pài Hu̍t kap Koan-im phô͘-sat. Tān-sī, tī 2015 nî 3 goe̍h 2 ji̍t, Kim Tek-īⁿ hō͘ hóe-sio sio-liáu-liáu.","meta":{"title":"Kim Tek-īⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,973,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1128}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Lêng-chûn-hoe |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Lamiales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Verbenaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Clerodendrum* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***C. kaempferi*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Clerodendrum kaempferi*** |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\nLêng-chûn-hoe ê koé-chí\nClerodendrum kaempferi. 2018 Taichung World Flora Exposition, Taiwan.\n**Lêng-chûn-hoe** (Hàn-jī: 龍船花; ha̍k-miâ: *Clerodendrum kaempferi*) sī to-nî-seng sió-koàn-bo̍k. Kah-ì tiàm pòaⁿ-kang ū-ji̍t he̍k kui-kang ū-ji̍t ê khoân-kéng seng-o̍ah. Tī Tâi-oân, hun-pò· tī pêⁿ-tē kàu kē-hái-po̍at soaⁿ-khu, tiong-pō· kap lâm-pō· khah-chia̍p khòaiⁿ, chhiū-nâ-kîⁿ, chhiū-nâ lāi-té, he̍k soaⁿ-lō· piⁿ--á tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ khòaⁿ-ē-tio̍h i-ê iáⁿ-chiah. Kui-nî-thàu-tang lóng-ū kui-hoe.\n\nHêng-thāi\n---------\n\nKeng ū 4 chōa lêng-chiah.\n\nHio̍h-á tùi-seng; gōa-hêng sī khah-khoah ê ke-nn̄g-hêng, he̍k beh-chhin-chhiūⁿ sim-hêng; pian-iân sī choân-iân (liân-sòa bô hun-lia̍t), ū-sî sī lio̍h-lio̍h-á chhin-chhiūⁿ saⁿ-kak-hêng he̍k gō·-kak-hêng ê chhián-lia̍t (chhián-chhián ê hun-lia̍t). \n\nHoe-koan tháng-á-hêng, gō· ê hun-lia̍t; hoe âng-sek he̍k kam-á-âng-sek, ū-sî-chūn pe̍h-sek, hoe-si (hiông-lúi) tn̂g-tn̂g chiâⁿ chhéⁿ-ba̍k; hoe ê ti̍t-kèng ū-kàu 21 mm--ê; îⁿ-chui-hoa-sū téng-seng (圓錐花序頂生). \n\nKóe-chí sī he̍k-kó, lio̍h-lio̍h-á ū-sêng kiû-hêng; kàu-se̍k-chúi pìⁿ-chiâⁿ nâ-o·-sek; âng-sek go̍k-phìⁿ siù-chûn.\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Flora of Taiwan Checklist","meta":{"title":"Lêng-chûn-hoe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[206,1349,0.15270570793180133],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1748}} -{"text":"**Lêng-goân an-choân** (能源安全) sī chi̍t ê kok-ka an-choân miâ-sû, thàm-thó lêng-goân tùi kok-ka lī-ek só͘ tòa-lâi ê chiâm-chāi būn-tê.\n\nSiāng chia̍p-khòaiⁿ ê lêng-goân an-choân būn-tê sī lêng-goân khoat-hoa̍t, iû-kî sī bô-hoat-tō͘ chū-sán lêng-goân ê kok-ka pit-su i-lāi chìn-kháu, nā-sī lâi-goân kok-ka chhiat-tn̄g kiong-èng ia̍h-sī kau-thong sòaⁿ siū-tio̍h chó͘-gāi, liâm-mi ē hoat-seng lêng-goân put-chiok, kang-gia̍p thêng-pái, siā-hōe tōng-loān téng būn-tê, kok-kaan-choân téng-î sī chhiau-khòng tī gōa-pō͘ in-sò͘ chhiú-tiong.\n\nKhak-pó lêng-goân an-choân ê ûi-it lí-lūn hong-hoat chí-ū chhiok-chìn chū-sán lêng-goân pí-lu̍t, chū-sán pí-lu̍t jú koân an-choân jú koân, kî-chhù sī lêng-goân to-goân-hòa, kiám-chió i-lāi tan-it lêng-goân hêng-thài chhin-chhiūⁿ chio̍h-hòa jiân-liāu ê chio̍h-iû ia̍h thian-jiân-khì. Nā-sī tan-it lêng-goân kòe koân, tī hit-ê thé-hē phò-hāi ia̍h hoat-seng būn-tê ê sî, siā-hōe thêng-pái ê chân-bīn jú tōa.","meta":{"title":"Lêng-goân an-choân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,945,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1072}} -{"text":"\n**Lia̍t-bah-khí** (裂肉齒; chí chhuì-bah--ê gî-khí) sī bah-si̍t tōng-bu̍t (*carnivore*) chiah-ū ê chhùi-khí, sī in chhùi--nih siāng-toā-khi ê chhùi-khí. Lia̍t-bah-khí ēng-lâi thiah-chia̍h la̍h-bu̍t ê bah kap kut, chhiūⁿ ka-to án-ne. Lia̍t-bah-khí sī téng-ham siāng-boé ki sió-āu-chan kap ē-ham tē-it ki toā-āu-chan piàn-hoà--lâi-ê, m̄-koh tī lāu-kó͘-chá ê Bah-khí-ba̍k tōng-bu̍t (*Creodont*) sin--siōng, koh-khah āu-piah ê chhùi-khí, téng-ham tē-it kap ē-ham tē-jī toā-āu-chan, ia̍h-sī téng-ham tē-jī kap ē-ham tē-saⁿ toā-āu-chan mā-sī lia̍t-bah-khí. \nLia̍t-bah-khí sī Bah-khí-ba̍k ê ān-tiāⁿ te̍k-sek; ia̍h-tio̍h-sī-kóng, i sī chit-ê ba̍k ê tōng-bu̍t lóng-ū ê te̍k-teng. \n\nLia̍t-bah-khí lóng-ū 3 ki khí-kha. \n\nChhiūⁿ soaⁿ hit-khoán hiah-toā koh chiam-chiam-chiam, lia̍t-bah-khí ē-tit-thang thiah-li̍h kin-lūn ê bah, kek-tàng ê bah hoān-sè mā ē-sái, kap ē-tàng kā kut-thâu kā hō͘ chhùi-kô͘-kô͘. Iá-seng ê chia̍h-bah tōng-bu̍t (chhiūⁿ sai, lông) nā-sī sit-khì lia̍t-bah-khí, ē in-ūi bô-hoat-tō͘ chhoē-chia̍h choâⁿ iau--sí.","meta":{"title":"Lia̍t-bah-khí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1037,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1180}} -{"text":"Alapik-gú ê khí-bó͘.\n**Khí-bóo pòo-kio̍k** (kēn-puâñ pòo-kio̍k, poj: kiān-pôaⁿ pò͘-kio̍k; eng-gí: keyboard layout; hàn-gí: 鍵盤佈局) sī tsí án-kēn, hi̍k-tsiá kēn-sióng tôo-leh lai piáu-sī jīm-hô ti̍k-tīng ê ki-hāi, sī-kak hi̍k kong-lîng ê khí-bó͘ pòo-kio̍k hong-sik; hi̍k-tsiá sī teh tēn-tsú kè-sǹg-ki, phah-jī-ki hi̍k kî-thañ jī-thé pâi-pán kēn-puâñ tíng tsi sañ-tshin-tshiūñ ê set-pī; í-kî kēn tsi kuan-lên hâm-gī ket-kòo teh kēn-puâñ tíng-kuân piáu-hēn ê pòo-kio̍k hong-sik. Ki-hāi pòo-kio̍k sī tsí kēn-puâñ tíng-kuân ê uī-tì kah án-kēn. Sī-kak pòo-kio̍k sī tsí tshut-hēn teh án-kēn tíng-kuân ê tôo-lē (piau-tshem, piau-kì, tôo-sik) ê pâi-le̍t hong-sik. Kong-lîng pòo-kio̍k sī tsí kēn-puâñ tíng-kuân siōng sóo-ū án-kēn iû nńg-thé khak-tīng i-ê án-kēn ê ì-sù, hi̍k khí-bó͘ ê pòo-tì.\n\nTēn-náu Khí-bó͘\n---------------\n\nIt-puañ sóo sú-iōng ê QWERTY tēn-náu khí-bó͘.\n\n\n| IBM PC keyboard (Windows, US layout)* hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n| --- |\n| Esc | | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | | F5 | F6 | F7 | F8 | | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | | PrtScn/SysRq | ScrollLock | Pause/Break | | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | | Insert | Home | PgUp | | NumLock | ∕ | ∗ | − |\n| Delete | End | PgDn | 7 | 8 | 9 | + |\n| | | | 4 | 5 | 6 |\n| | ↑ | | 1 | 2 | 3 | Enter |\n| ← | ↓ | → |    0   Ins |  . Del |\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hèn\n-----------------\n\n* Edlin, Jim (November 1982). \"The PC's Keys\". PC Magazine. p. 175. Retrieved 21 October 2013.\n* Phelps, George M (November 1, 1859), Improvement in Telegraphic Machines.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Gí-giân tài-bé (gí-gên tài-bé; language code)\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Keyboard layouts*** |\n\n* Introduction to keyboards, at IBM at the Wayback Machine (archived 2018-10-28) (Eng-gí)\n* Keyboard layouts: Logical keyboard layout registry index for countries and regions around the world, at IBM at the Wayback Machine (archived 2018-11-03) (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Khí-bó͘ pò͘-kio̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[649,1558,0.4165596919127086],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2114}} -{"text":"**Khîm-liû-kám** (Hàn-jī: 禽流感), chôan-chheng hō·-chòe **Chiáu-lūi liû-hêng-sèng kám-mō·**, sī 1-chióng sî-khì-sèng ê kám-mō· pīⁿ-to̍k, siāng tāi-seng ê sî, chit-chióng pīⁿ-to̍k kan-ta tī chiáu-lūi tang-tiong thôan-jiám. 1878 nî thâu-1-pái tī Italia chhut-hiān. \n\nKhîm-liû-kám sī 1-chióng thôan-jiám chin kín, hong-hiám kài kôan ê thoân-jiám-pēⁿ. Chêng 1997 nî tī Hiong-káng chhut-hiān jîn-lūi ôan-á kám-jiám tio̍h khîm-liû-kám liáu-āu, sûi ín-khí tio̍h sè-kài kok-tē ōe-seng cho·-chit ê ko-tō· koan-chù. Chhú-khì, chit-khóan e̍k-chèng sam-put-gō·-sî tī A-chiu tē-khu chhut-hiān, hit-tong-sî iu-gôan m̄-sī chiok giâm-tiōng. M̄-koh, chêng 2003 nî 12 ge̍h khai-sí, khîm-liû-kám soah piàn tōa hōan-ûi po̍k-hoat, thôan-jiám ê thêng-tō· mā chin-chiàⁿ lī-hāi. Oa̍t-lâm kah Hân-kok chiâⁿ-chòe chit-pái e̍k-chêng khok-sòaⁿ siōng giâm-tiōng ê kok-ka, ū-ê lâng sīm-chì sit-khì sìⁿ-miā. It-ti̍t kàu-kah 2004 nî nî-thâu, e̍k-chèng iu-gôan bô hóan-hô ê hiān-siōng.\n\nTī 2005 nî 9 ge̍h, Liân-ha̍p-kok hū-chek hia̍p-tiâu khòng-chè A-chiu khîm-liû-kám ê koaⁿ-oâⁿ David Nabarro phok-sū tùi-gōa piáu-sī kóng, khîm-liû-kám kiàn-nā khai-sí ē-tàng tī lâng chi-kan thoân-jiám, kàu-sî sí-bông ê jîn-sò· siāng chió 500-bān, siāng chē hoān-sè 1-ek-5-chheng-bān.\n\nKhîm-liû-kám pīⁿ-to̍k ê chéng-lūi\n---------------------------------\n\nTōa-to-sò· lóng thé-hiān chhut H5 ê te̍k-cheng, chú-iàu ê lūi-hêng sī: H5N1, H5N2, H7N7, H9N2 (ah-á, ê-á ē kám-jiám). Kàu-kah bo̍k-chiân ûi-chí, kan-ta H5N1 chit-chióng lūi-hêng--ê ē thôan-jiám hō· jîn-lūi. Che jī-bú \"H\" piáu-sī hiat-gêng-sò· (血凝素), lóng-chóng ū 15-ê chéng-lūi. \"N\" tāi-piáu sîn-keng-an-sng-mûi (神经氨酸酶), lóng-chóng ū 9-ê chéng-lūi.\n\nKhîm-liû-kám ê gôan-thâu\n------------------------\n\nKun-chong kàu-té, khîm-liû-kám ê gôan-thâu sī hāu-niáu (候鸟). Múi-1-nî ê kôaⁿ--lâng, hāu-niáu lóng-beh ùi Pak-hng poe-khì lâm-hng hioh-tang, tán-thāi khì-hāu piàn sio-lō liáu-āu chiah-koh poe tńg-khì pak-hng. 2003-nî nî-bóe, Tang-lâm-a hoat-seng khîm-liû-kám ē-tàng chèng-bêng án-ne 1-ê ká-siat : to̍h-sī-kóng e̍k-chèng tāi-seng chhut-hiān tī Hân-kok lâm-pō· ê só·-chāi, hāu-niáu chhian-î ê sî-chūn, chiong e̍k-chèng chah khi-kàu Tâi-ôan, Hiong-káng kah Oa̍t-lâm chia-ê só·-chāi. Tâi-ôan kah Hiang-káng ê khôan-kèng siong-tùi khah ōe-seng, jî-chhiáⁿ chìn-chêng koh ū tùi-hū e̍k-chèng ê keng-giām tī--leh, só·-í pēng-bô chhut-hiān giâm-tiōng ê thôan-pò. Oa̍-lâm ê ōe-seng khôan-kéng khah bái, chhut-hiān e̍k-chèng liáu-āu, m̄-nā chiáu-lūi tōng-bu̍t tōa-liōng ê sí-bông, mā tùi jîn-lūi chō-sêng giâm-tiōng ê éng-hiòng, sí-bông ê lâng-sò· chiong-kīn 20 lâng.\n\nKhîm-liû-kám tùi ka-khîm ê gûi-hāi\n----------------------------------\n\nKa-khîm hām iá-gōa ê hāu-niáu sio-siâng, lóng-sī sio̍k-î chiáu-lūi, in-chhú ka-khîm kám-jiám e̍k-pēⁿ ê ki-lu̍t ôan-á kài kôan. Tī ka-khîm tang-tiong, ài-sǹg ke-á (koe-á) siōng-gâu to̍h-pīⁿ, sòa--lâi chiah-sī ah-á, gô-á (giâ), ah m̄-kóan sī ke a̍h-sī ah, chí-beh òe--tio̍h, chha-put-to lóng bōe siáⁿ ē-koh o̍ah. Ke-á tùi e̍k-pīⁿ siōng bín-kám, thôan-jiám chiok kín, sí-bông lu̍t kēng-ka sī kôan. Kòe-khì lán kan-ta chai-iáⁿ kā chit-chióng hiān-siōng kiò-chòe \"**tio̍h-che** \", soah lóng hàn-teh chim-chiok khì gián-kiù tio̍h-che ê goan-in.\n\nKhîm-liû-kám tùi lâng ê siong-hāi\n---------------------------------\n\n2003 nî 12 ge̍h, khîm-liû-kam bat tī chin-chōe kok-ka liû-thôan, ah e̍k-pīⁿ ti̍t-chiap thôan-jiám hō· jîn-lūi ê tāi-chì khiok-sī kan-ta hoat-seng tī Oa̍t-lâm kah Thài-kok, lóng-chóng ū 32 lâng khah-tēng òe--tio̍h, 22 lâng sí-bông, sí-bông lu̍t ko-ta̍t 7-siâⁿ. Sui-jiân pēⁿ-lē bô chōe, m̄-koh iu-gôan ín-khí sè-jîn ê kèng-kài. \n\nBo̍k-chiân hiān-hiān ê H5N1 e̍k-pēⁿ pēng-bô chham jîn-lūi liû-kám pēⁿ-to̍k hoat-seng chong-ha̍p hóan-èng. Kàu-taⁿ ûi-chí, mā bô cha̍p-chiok ê chèng-kù piáu-bêng bat chhut-hiān lâng kòe lâng ê hiān-siōng.\n\nÁn-noá ū-hông\n-------------\n\nKhòng-chè thôan-jiám-pīⁿ pit-su ài tùi chit 3-ê khôan-chiat lâi chò : \n\n* Khòng-chè e̍k-chèng ê gôan-thâu, iā-to̍h-sī thôan-jiám-gôan.\n* Khòng-chè thôan-pò· ê sòaⁿ-lō·.\n* Kóan-chè iông-ī kám-jiám ê lâng kah siā-khu.\n\nBeh iú-hāu lâi ū-hông khîm-liû-kám ê e̍k-chèng, tāi-seng ài giâm-keh hong-soh e̍k-chèng chhut-hiān ê gôan-thâu. Sū-si̍t chèng-bêng, chhái-chhú giâm-keh ê keh-lī, siūⁿ pān-hoat pì-bián chhù-lāi-té ê ka-khîm khì chiap-chiok tio̍h hia-ê iá-gōa ê hāu-niáu a̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ ê chiáu-chiah, thiat-té hông-chí kau-che kám-jiám. Lēng-gōa, ah-á, gô-á (giâ) chhian-bān m̄-thang kah ke-á chhī chò-hóe. \n\nTùi lâng lâi-kóng, lán ài keng-siông piàⁿ-sàu lông-tiúⁿ, ke-liâu, ah-liâu, koh ài î-chî khîm-niâu kau-ek chhī-tiûⁿ ê khôan-kéng ōe-seng, kàng-kē e̍k-chèng thôan-jiám ê ki-hōe.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* WHO khîm-liû-kám choan-ia̍h\n* Chū-jiân Cha̍p-chì","meta":{"title":"Khîm-liû-kám","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[193,4517,0.04272747398715962],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5322}} -{"text":"**Khí-chiu-pēⁿ** he̍k **gê-chiu-pēⁿ** (Eng-gí: periodontal disease) kán-tan kóng tō-sī chhùi-khí sì-chiu ê chi̍t-pēⁿ. \n\nKhí-chiu-pēⁿ ē tì-sú kháu-chhàu, chhùi-khí sòng-sit; ū khí-chiu-pēⁿ ê hū-jîn-lâng khah-gâu ū chá-sán he̍k sin-seng-jî thé-tāng siūⁿ kheng ê hiō-ûi-chèng; ū khí-chiu-pēⁿ ê lâng khah iông-ì ū sim-hiat-kńg-chi̍t-pēⁿ, pí-lūn-kóng: hiat-kńg khah-gâu soan-sat chò-sêng tiòng-hong he̍k sim-chōng pān-mo̍·h khoat-sún ê lâng khah-gâu siū-tio̍h khí-chiu pēⁿ-khún ê éng-hióng, sú pēⁿ-chêng giâm-tiōng; khí-chiu-pēⁿ hō· thn̂g-jiō-pēⁿ pháiⁿ khòng-chè, thn̂g-jiō-pēⁿ ê lâng mā khah-gâu tek-tio̍h khí-chiu-pēⁿ; ū sim-hiat-kńg chi̍t-pēⁿ ê lâng ho̍k-iōng khòng-gêng-hiat-che tī tī-liâu khí-chiu-pēⁿ ê sî-chūn,khah-pháiⁿ chí-hoeh; ū-ê sim-chōng-pēⁿ he̍k tian-pēⁿ ê io̍h-á ē hō· khí-hōaⁿ pûi-tōa; ū sim-chōng pān-mo̍·h khoat-sún ê lâng tī chiap-siū khí-chiu tī-liâu chêng ài seng ho̍k-iōng khòng-seng-sò· lâi pó-hō·.\n\nIn-toaⁿ khí-lí\n==============\n\nKhí-chiu-pēⁿ ê khí-lí sī chhùi-khiuⁿ ōe-seng bô-hó. Chhùi-khiuⁿ lāi-té ū chiok-chē sè-khún, khah-sú chhùi-khí sé bô chheng-khì, sè-khún tō-ē tōa-liōng cheng-seng, liâm-hù tī chhùi-khí piáu-bīn, chiâⁿ-chò khí-khún-pan. Khí-khún-pan tú-khí-seng sī thang-kng ê, oh khoàiⁿ, ài ēng khí-khún-pan hián-sī-che kā ní-sek chiah ē khoàiⁿ. Khí-khún-pan lúi-chek kàu mó·-mi̍h-á têng-tō·, tō chiâⁿ-chò n̂g-n̂g siô·ⁿ-siô·ⁿ ê 1 chân mi̍h liâm tī chhùi-khí piáu-bīn. Khí-khún-pan siāng-chia̍p lúi-chek tī chhùi-khí óa khí-hōaⁿ ê só·-chāi, kap chhùi-khí hâm chhùi-khí chi-kan ê lîn-chiap-bīn. Chit-ê khí-khún-pan tō-sī khí-chiu-pēⁿ ê in-toaⁿ.\n\nChèng-thâu\n==========\n\nKhí-chiu-pēⁿ thâu-khí-seng lóng bô bêng-hián chèng-thâu, i ê phò-hāi koh hoat-seng tī khí-hōaⁿ lāi-té, só·-í tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hō·-lâng khin-hut sit-kak-chhat. Khí-thâu ē sè-chhùi lâu-hoeh, khí-hōaⁿ ngāi-gio̍h-ngāi-gio̍h, chhùi chhàu. Koh-lâi khí-hōaⁿ ē chéng, iû-kî sī khang-khòe khah thiám, bē-khùn, tn̂g-tô· lí-hêng, sim-lí ap-le̍k tōa téng-téng, hō· té-khòng-la̍t khah-bái ê sî-chūn kēng-ka bêng-hián. Chia-ê chèng-thâu khí-khí-lo̍h-lo̍h, ū-sî bái ū-sî hó, kàu siāng-lō·-bóe, chhùi-khí lô·-hia̍p, khí-hōaⁿ ta-mo̍·h, léng-jia̍t mí-kám, sīm-chí tong-ûn chéng thiàⁿ bē-hó. Chia-ê chèng-thâu m̄-sī ta̍k-ê lóng-ū, jî-chhiáⁿ ta̍k-lâng chêng-hêng ū cheng-chha, mā bô it-tēng ê sian-āu sūn-sū, sīm-chí ū lâng kàu chòe-āu chhùi-khí lóng lak-liáu-liáu iā m̄-pa̍t thiàⁿ--kòe.\n\nTī-liâu\n=======\n\nKhí-chiu-pēⁿ ê tī-liâu tiōng-tiám tio̍h-sī \"chheng chheng-khì\", kā khí-khún-pan ta̍k-kang thiat-té phiàⁿ-sàu, chia̍h io̍h-á boah io̍h-á lóng bô ka-tī sé-chhùi bín-chhùi-khí tiōng-iàu.\n\nKhí-kho-i tī-liâu khí-chiū-pēⁿ ê tē-1-ê hoat-tō· kiò-chò phase-one treatment:\n\n1. Kui-chhùi ê chhùi-khí hip tiān-kong-phìⁿ kiám-cha\n2. Sú-iōng khí-chiu thàm-chiam thàm-chhek khíu-chiu lak-té-á ê chhim-tō· (periodontal probing)\n3. Sú-iōng chhiau-im-pho sé-khí-ki kap curet kā khí-tái khe hō· chheng-khì, sūn-sòa kài khí-thâu ê piáu-bīn, hō· kim-kut kng-seⁿ.\n4. Kàu-io̍k hoān-chiá chèng-khak ê chhùi-khiuⁿ chāi-bat, ióng-sêng liông-hó ê chhùi-khiuⁿ ōe-seng koàn-sì.\n\nTē-1 kai-tōaⁿ ê tī-liâu nā bô hoat-tō· kái-koat, ē-sái chìn-chi̍t-pō· chò khí-chiu gōa-khó chhiú-su̍t, lâi siau-tû ín-khí khí-chiu-pēⁿ ê in-sò·.\n\nKhí-chiu-pēⁿ ê tī-liâu m̄-sī kantaⁿ khò khí-kho-i, iah-koh ài hoān-chiá phòe-ha̍p 2 tiám chiah ē-ēng--chit:\n\n1. Ta̍k-kang î-chhî liông-hó ê kháu-khiuⁿ ōe-seng\n2. Tēng-kî hôe-chín kiám-cha pó-ióng\n\nĪ-hông\n======\n\n1. Tēng-kî pó-ióng kiám-cha\n2. Ta̍k-kang chèng-khak sú-iōng khí-bín-á kap khí-sòaⁿ\n\nChhò-ngō· koan-liām\n===================\n\n1. Khí-chiu-pēⁿ sī in-ūi hóe-khì-tōa, khùn-bîn put-chiok só· ín-khí.\n2. Seⁿ 1 ê gín-á, pháiⁿ 1 khí chhùi-khí.\n3. Iōng iâm, io̍h-iōng khí-ko, lo̍k-chhùi-chúi ē-sái tī-liâu khí-chiu-pēⁿ.\n4. Bô sé-chhùi, kan-taⁿ lo̍k-chhùi tio̍h ē-sái.\n5. Bô sú-iōng khí-sòaⁿ, ke bín-chhùi-khí tio̍h ē-sái.\n6. Nî-hòe ū--ah, tio̍h-ē lak chhùi-khí.\n7. Iōng khí-thok thok chhùi-khí.\n8. Khí-hōaⁿ lâu-hoeh sī in-ūi khiàm bî-tá-mín C.","meta":{"title":"Khí-chiu-pēⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[952,3986,0.23883592574009033],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4601}} -{"text":"**Khí-khún-pan** (齒菌斑, *dental microbial plaque*) sī ū cho·-chit, ū nńg-sèng, n̂g-sek he̍k phú-á-sek ê bu̍t-chit, i liâm tiàm chhùi-khí piáu-bīn liâm liáu chiâⁿ ân. I sī chhùi-nōa ê **thn̂g-nn̄g-pe̍h** (醣蛋白, *glycoproteins*) kap sè-pau gōa-piáu ê **to-thn̂g-lūi** (多醣類, *polysaccharides*) só· cho·-sêng ê ki-chit (基質, *matrix*) pau-koah *glucans* (chhin-chhiūⁿ *dextrans*, *mutans*) kap *fructans* (khó-pí kóng *levan*) ka-siōng **sè-khún** só· lâi cho·-sêng. Chit-ê ki-chit sú-tit lán bē-tàng kan-tāⁿ kò lo̍k-chhùi to̍h beh kā khí-khún-pan lo̍k tiāu, pit-su ài kò khí-bín-á he̍k kî-thaⁿ kháu-khiuⁿ ōe-seng kang-kū ê ki-hâi le̍k-liōng chiah ē-tàng tû-tiāu.\n\nLúi-chek kap sêng-hūn ián-piàn\n------------------------------\n\nChhùi-khí sé chheng-khì liáu-aū sò· hun-cheng kàu sò· tiám-cheng chi-lāi, tio̍h ē hō· chhùi-nōa ê thn̂g-nn̄g-pe̍h só· cho·-sêng chiâⁿ po̍h (0.1-0.8 µm) ê *pellicle* lâi khàm--khí-lâi. Tī 24 tiám-cheng chi-lāi, tiàm *pellicle* téng-koân khí-chho· ê Gram-iông-sèng sè-khún (chhin-chhiūⁿ *Streptococcus* kap *Actinomyces*-lūi) khai-sí kiàn-li̍p. Chit-sî *pellicle* ka-siōng sè-khún kap kî-thaⁿ sêng-hūn tio̍h piàn-sêng khí-khún-pan.\nTī soah--lo̍h-khì kúi-kang, khí-khún-pan ê sè-khún sò·-liōng kè-siok chēng-ka, Gram-im-sèng ê *cocci* kap Gram-iông-sèng chham Gram-im-sèng ê *rods* ham *filaments* lóng-ū--á.\n3 lé-pài liáu-āu, *filamentous organisms* ū bêng-hián ê chēng-ka, iû-kî sī tī khí-hōaⁿ ê piⁿ--á. Khí-khún-pan ê sè-khún ê tāi-siā sán-bu̍t ē chhiok-chìn siok-chú (宿主) cho·-chit ê sìm-chhut chok-iōng (滲出作用, *exudation*) kap PMN (多形細胞核顆粒球,*polymorphonuclear granulocytes*) ê chhian-î. Che sī khí-hōaⁿ siūⁿ-beh ûi-tó· ji̍p-chhim ê sè-khún ê hoat-iām hoán-èng. Khí-hōaⁿ hoat-iām ná-lâi ná giâm-tiōng, chiap-ha̍p siōng-phôe (接合上皮, *juntional epithelium*) sòng-sit pō·-hūn ê nn̂g-sèng, sú-tit sè-khún ē-tàng chhim-ji̍p chhùi-khí kap siōng-phôe chi-kan. Gê-gîn lak-tē-á (牙齦囊袋, *gingival pocket*) chôaⁿ lâi hêng-sêng.\n\nIú-lī khí-khún-pan tui-chi̍p ê siâng-kìⁿ in-sò·\n-----------------------------------------------\n\n* Khí-hōaⁿ-téng kap khí-hōaⁿ-té **khí-tái** (齒滓, 齒石, 牙結石; *calculus*) chho·-chho· ê piáu-bīn gâu khā sè-khún.\n* **Khí-kut-chit khí-iū-chit kau-kài** (齒骨質牙釉質交界; *cementoenamel junction*) mā siâng-chāi ū khah chho· ê só·-chāi, pau-koah khí-iū-chit thūt-chhut(*projections*) kap khí-iū-chit chu(*pearls*)\n* **Chhùi-khí ê li̍h-phāng kap hoat-io̍k kau** (*fissures and grooves*) : lap--lo̍h-khì ê só·-chāi gâu khā thái-ko.\n* **Khí-kún-pō· kap khí-kin chiù-khí** (齒頸部佮齒根蛀齒; *cervical and root caries*): Chiù-khang sī tûn-chek toa-liōng khí-khún-pan ê chúi-khò·.\n* **Chhùi-khí pâi-lia̍t bô chéng-chê** (*crowding*) khah pháiⁿ sé-chhùi kap chū-chheng (自清, *self-cleaning*), cheng-ka gê-khún-pan ê tûn-chek.\n* **Iōng chhùi chhoán-khùi** (*mouth breathing*) ín-khí kháu-khiuⁿ thoat-chúi, sú-tit khí-khún-pan kēng-ka jūn kap liâm. Chhùi-nōa ê pó-hō· kong-lêng kàng-kē.\n\nIú-lī khí-khún-pan tui-chi̍p ê i-goân-sèng (*iatrogenic*) in-sò·\n----------------------------------------------------------------\n\n* Chhiong-thiām-bu̍t (充填物，*filling*)\n* Siu-ho̍k-thé (*restorations*) kap khí-lông (*crowns*) ê gōa-hiân pian-iân (*overhanging margins*).","meta":{"title":"Khí-khún-pan","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[956,2959,0.32308212233862793],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3604}} -{"text":"**Khòa-kok kong-si** (跨國公司) ia̍h **khòa-kok khì-gia̍p** (跨國企業) sī tī sè-kài chē-chē kok-ka ū teh êng-ūn, jî-chhiáⁿ kui-bô͘ chiâⁿ tōa ê chiūⁿ-chhī kong-si. Chia-ê kong-si tī bô-kāng ê kok-ka ia̍h tē-khu ū siat pān-sū-chhù, kang-tiûⁿ ia̍h hun-kong-si, thong-siông koh ū chi̍t ê chóng-pō͘ the̍h-lâi hia̍p-tiau choân-kiû ê koán-lí kang-chok. Khòa-kok kong-si thong-siông lī-iōng sêng-pau-siong lâi chè-chō te̍k-sû ê siong-phín, gōa-pau ê keng-êng chhiú-lō͘ mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ pī sú-iōng.\n\nTōa-hêng khòa-kok kong-si ê ī-sǹg sīm-chì chhiau-kòe chē-chē kok-ka ê chèng-hú ī-sǹg. In tùi choân-kiû chèng-tī ū chin tōa ê gōa-kau éng-hióng-la̍t, che m̄-nā sī in-ūi in ti̍t-chiap éng-hióng tio̍h chē-chē chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t soán-khu ê keng-chè, mā sī in-ūi in tī kong-koan kap chèng-tī iû-sòe hong-bīn thê-kiong liáu chu-kim lâi-goân. Chi̍t ê kok-ka lāi ê tē-khu chi-kan í-ki̍p kok-ka hām kok-ka chi-kan lóng ē hō͘-siong kēng-cheng lâi cheng-chhú khòa-kok kong-si lâi in-ê tē-hng siat kì-tiám. Kok-ka ia̍h tē-hng chèng-hú thong-siông ē thê-kiong iu-hūi tiâu-kiāⁿ lâi khip-ín khòa-kok kong-si, chhin-chhiūⁿ châi-sòe iu-hūi, sêng-lo̍k thê-kiong chèng-hú hia̍p-chō͘, he̍k-chiá sī khah kē ê khoân-kéng piau-chún.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85067372\n* GND: 4075092-9\n* BNF: cb13318410n (data)\n* HDS: 014177\n* NDL: 00570520\n* BNE: XX525616\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Khòa-kok kong-si","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[102,1289,0.0791311093871218],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1563}} -{"text":"**Khí-pún-chit** (齒本質; *dentin*) koh kiò-chò **chhiūⁿ-gê-chit** (象牙質) sī chhùi-khí ê chú-iàu pō·-hūn, i-ê lāi-bīn-pêng sī khí-chhòe-khiuⁿ, tī khí-koan i-ê gōa-bīn-pêng sī khí-iū-chit, tī khí-thâu i-ê gōa-bīn-pêng sī khí-kut-chit. Khí-pún-chit ê kài-hòa têng-tō· kap ngē-tō· pí khí-iū-chit khah-kē, sek-tī khah n̂g, bô thàu-bêng, inorganic sêng-hun tāi-iok 70%, chú-iàu sī hydroxyapatite. Khí-pún-chit bi̍t-pò· pêng-hêng pâi-lia̍t ê khí-pún-chit sió-kńg (dentinal tubule), ùi tiong-sim ê khí-chhóe-khiuⁿ hiòng-gōa hok-siā. Khí-pún-chit sió-kńg lāi-bīn ū ùi khí-chhóe-khiuⁿ lâi ê odontoblast ê process, odontoblast ū kám-kak sîn-keng sè-pau ê process hun-pò·, só·-í khí-pún-chit ū sîn-keng kám-kak, tùi gōa-lâi ê sio-léng, hòa-ha̍k he̍k-chiá bu̍t-lí-ha̍k chhì-khek ē-ū hoán-èng. \n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nGê-khí kái-phòa-ha̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Beng-miâ-hoat | \n* Glossary of dentistry\n* Universal Numbering System\n\n |\n| |\n| Lâng ê chhùi-khí | \n* Éng-kiú-khí\n\t+ Mn̂g-khí\n\t+ Kak-khí\n\t+ Sió-āu-chan\n\t+ Āu-chan\n* Ni-khí\n\n |\n| |\n| Siōng-go̍k-kut ê chhùi-khí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mn̂g-khí | \n* Chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí\n* Lateral incisor\n* Canine\n\n |\n| |\n| Sió-āu-chan | \n* First premolar\n* Second premolar\n\n |\n| |\n| Āu-chan | \n* First molar\n* Second molar\n* Tē-3 tōa-kiū-khí\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Hā-go̍k-kut ê chhùi-khí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mn̂g-khí | \n* Central incisor\n* Lateral incisor\n* Canine\n\n |\n| |\n| Sió-āu-chan | \n* First premolar\n* Second premolar\n\n |\n| |\n| Āu-chan | \n* First molar\n* Second molar\n* Tē-3 tōa-kiū-khí\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Chhùi-khí ê kok-pō͘-hūn | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Crown | \n* Cusp\n\t+ Cusp of Carabelli\n* Zuckerkandl's tubercle\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Khí-chhoé\n* Kin-kńg tī-liâu\n\t+ Apical foramen\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Cementoenamel junction\n* Khí-iū-chit\n* Dental-enamel junction\n* Khí-pún-chit\n* Dental papilla\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Mamelon\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Dental alveolus\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Khí-pún-chit","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[704,1507,0.46715328467153283],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2471}} -{"text":"**Iàm-hūn lú-sèng** (Eng-gí: *Misogyny* he̍k-chiá sī *Misogynism*), á-sī **iàm-lú chú-gī** (厭女主義) sī tùi lú-sèng--ê khì-hiâm kap oàn-hūn, khì-hiâm cha-bó͘--ê chiū sī **iàm-hūn lú-sèng chiá** (iàm-lú chú-gī-chiá, *Misogynist*).\n\nKin-kù lú-khoân lí-lūn, thong sè-kài chē-chē bûn-hoà lóng ū chit khoán hiān-siōng, tì-kàu tùi lú-sèng--ê sèng-pia̍t kî-sī (*sexism*), pō-le̍k, í-ki̍p kheh-thé-hoà (bu̍t-hoà ,*objectification*, chiū sī kā lia̍h-chò mi̍h-kiāⁿ).\n\nChit ê chú-gī hō͘ lú-sèng iàm-hūn ka-kī iah-sī kî-tha lú-sèng, tùi ka-tī lú-jîn--ê seng-hūn kap sin-thè khiàm sìn-sim, mā tì-sú iàm-chia̍h-pēⁿ (*anorexia*, ià-siān chia̍h--ê chèng-thâu), ut-chut (*depression*) téng chi̍t-pēⁿ.\n\nGí-goân\n-------\n\nEng-gí \"misogyny\" sī ùi Kó͘ Hi-lia̍p-gí μισογυνία ‎(*misogunía*) choán--lâi, thang thiah-chò μισέω (*miséō*, goá thó-iàm) kap γυνή ‎(*gunḗ*, cha-bó͘).\n\nHoâ-gí mā ū \"siû(kiû)-lú\" (仇女, *chóunǚ*, siû-hūn lú-sèng) chit ê bāng-lō͘ iōng-gí.\n\nJi̍t-gí tû-liáu ū \"lú-sèng hiâm-ò͘\" (女性嫌悪, *zyoseiken'o*) chit-ê hàn-jī-sû, mā ū pún-thó͘--ê hô-gí (和語) 女嫌い (*onnagirai*, ià cha-bó͘) , goā-lâi-gí ミソジニー (*Misozinî*). Ji̍t-pún lû-sèng chú-gī siā-hoē-ha̍k-ka Siōng-iá Chhian-ho̍k-chú (上野千鶴子) tiō ū hun-sek iàm-hūn lú-sèng--ê chheh \"女嫌い\".\n\nKí-lē\n-----\n\nKó͘-chá Tiong-kok ū \"hông-gân hō-súi [zh]\" chit ê sêng-gú, khan-thoa kun-ông sin-piⁿ--ê cha-bó͘ sī bông-kok téng chai-ē--ê ē-kin (禍根). Kó͘-hi-lia̍p tiat-ha̍k-ka Aristotle mā ū \"cha-bó͘ khah-su cha-po͘\"--ê oē.\n\nChit-koá chong-kàu kap bîn-sio̍k iā ū lia̍h-chún lú-sèng ē \"oè-soè\" gî-sek, mi̍h-kiāⁿ, iah-sī chio chai-lām--ê kìm-kī (禁忌), pí-lūn lú-sèng m̄-hó kiâⁿ-chûn téng.\n\nBāng-lō͘ siōng iā ū chin chē iàm-hūn lú-sèng--ê oē. Pí-lūn Tiong-kok tī 2013 nî, tùi Hái-thian Sēng-giân [zh] chhia-chhí (奢侈) seng-oa̍h tián-lám thàu--chhut-lâi--ê sek-chêng sū-kiaⁿ, hō͘ bāng-lō͘ ke le̍k-tê-piáu [zh]\" chit ê mē chá-bó͘ bē bah-thé ké chheng-sûn--ê sû. Koh ū iong \"o͘ bo̍k-ní\"--ê hêng lâi pí-lūn lú-sèng sió-im-tûn (*labia minora*) tńg-o͘, lāi mē lú-sèng îm-loān hòng-tōng.\n\nLēng-goā tī Tâi-oân BBS PTT téng lūn-toâⁿ, mā ū \"bé-lō͘ sam-pó\" (-三寶) khau-sé lû-jîn kap lāu-lâng ē lām-sán sái-chhia, gûi-hāi tō-lō͘ an-choân. Koh ēng \"ti-bó\" (bó--ê ti) lâi mē hőng khoàⁿ-chò hêng-ûi m̄-chai kiàn-siàu--ê lú-sèng, mā tī 2016 nî chó-iū chó͘-chit hi (虛)--ê chong-kàu \"ti-bó-kàu\" (Hoâ-gí: 母豬教 *mǔzhūjiàu*) lâi sio-kap phì-siùⁿ lú-sèng.\n\nŪ--ê gē-bûn chok-phín mā ū-lâng jin-ûi khoàⁿ-khin cha-bó͘-lâng--ê só͘-chāi. Niccolò Machiavelli tī *Lūn Livy Lô-má-sú* (*Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livy*) jīn-ûi ài kā lâm-chú kap lú-chú hun-pia̍t giâm-giâm hān-chè tī chèng-tī kap ka-têng 2 ê keh-tn̄g--ê só͘-chāi.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* sèng-pia̍t kî-sī\n* lâm-chun-lú-pi\n* lú-sèng chú-gī","meta":{"title":"Iàm-hūn lú-sèng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[50,2726,0.018341892883345562],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3175}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Hîm |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Chong-hîm *Ursus arctos* |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Mammalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Carnivora |\n| A-bo̍k: | Caniformia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chhiau-kho: | Ursoidea |\n| Kho: | **Ursidae**G. Fischer de Waldheim, 1817 |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k |\n| * *Ailuropoda*\n* *Helarctos*\n* *Melursus*\n* *Ursus*\n* *Tremarctos*\n* *Agriarctos* †\n* *Amphicticeps* †\n* *Amphicynodon* †\n* *Arctodus* †\n* *Cephalogale* †\n* *Indarctos* †\n* *Parictis* †\n* *Plionarctos* †\n* *Ursavus* †\n* *Kolponomos* †\n |\n\n*Koan-hē kāng miâ ê tiān-iáⁿ, chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ Hîm (tiān-iáⁿ).*\n**Hîm** (Ursidae) sī tōa-hêng ê chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t, hun-lūi-ha̍k siōng sī Chia̍h-bah-ba̍k ē-té chi̍t kho.\n\nHêng-thé\n--------\n\nHîm it-poaⁿ sī ión-kiāⁿ tōa-chhāi, siong-tùi té kha. Sèng-pia̍t hun nn̄g hêng, kang hîm kha tōa-chiah, tōa-hêng ê bu̍t-chéng iû-kî ū chha. Tī lio̍k-tē siōng ê Chia̍h-bah-ba̍k tiong, hîm ê sin-thé siāng tāng, pì-jû chhiūⁿ *Ursus arctos middendorffi* chi̍t khoán chang-hîm chiū ē-tàng chhiau-kòe 750 kong-kin, ki-tiong kang--ê pêng-kin ū 480 kàu 533 kong-kin. Lēng-gōa mā ū kha sè-hêng ê bu̍t-chéng, pí-lūn kang Má-lâi-hîm thé-tang tāi-iok taⁿ ū 65 kong-kin.\n\nPe̍h-hîm he̍k-chiá chang-hîm ê thé-tn̂g ē-tàng tōa kàu 300 kong-hun, keng-kah koân-tō͘ ū 160 kong-hun. Hîm ê bóe í-keng thè-hòa, tn̂g-tō͘ tùi 3 kàu 22 kong-hun pu̍t téng. Hîm sī ēng kha-té lâi kiâⁿ-lō͘ (plantigrade), chi̍t tiám kap ēng kha-chiⁿ teh kiâⁿ ê kî-tha chia̍h-bah-ba̍k tōng-bu̍t bô-kâng. Hîm cháu ê sok-tō͘ pí káu-kho ia̍h niau-kho bān, chóng-sī ē-tàng ēng āu-kha khiā khah chāi.\n\nHun-pò͘\n-------\n\nTōa-hūn hîm-lūi lóng seng-oa̍h tī Pak Poàn-kiû; lēng-gōa, tû-liáu chi̍t chéng, lóng seng-oa̍h tī A-chiu, Au-chiu kap Pak Bí-chiu. Î-it ê lē-gōa Ba̍k-kiàⁿ-hîm (*Tremarctos ornatus*) khiā-khí só͘-chāi sī Lâm Bí-chiu ê Andes tē-khu. Hui-chiu kòe-khì pat ū Atlas-hîm (*Ursus arctos crowtheri*) oa̍h-tāng, chóng-sī í-kēng tī 19 sè-kí sî bia̍t-choa̍t.\n\nHiān-sî hun-pò͘ hoān-ûi siāng tōa ê chi̍t lūi hîm sī chang-hîm, tùi Au-chiu, A-chiu kàu Pak Bí-chiu lóng ū oa̍h-tāng. Ki-tha koh ū Pak Bí-chiu ê Bí-chiu O͘-hîm kap Pak-kek tē-khu ê pe̍h-hîm. Chhun-loh ê chéng-lūi lóng tī A-chiu. Tû-liâu pe̍h-hîm, kî-tha hîm-lūi chú-iàu khiā tī chhim-nâ lāi.\n\nHun-lūi\n-------\n\nA-chiu o͘-hîm kap pe̍h-hîm éng-kòe kui to̍k-li̍p ê sio̍k (*Selenarctos* kap *Thalarctos*). *Melursus* kap *Helarctos* chit 2-ê sio̍k ū sî-chūn kui *Ursus*.\n\n* **Ursidae-kho**\n\t+ **Ailuropodinae a-kho**\n\t\t- Tōa-hîm-niau, *Ailuropoda melanoleuca*\n\t+ **Tremarctinae a-kho**\n\t\t- Ba̍k-kiàⁿ-hîm, *Tremarctos ornatus*\n\t\t- Florida soaⁿ-tōng-hîm, *Tremarctos floridanus* (tn̄g-chéng)\n\t\t- Tōa-té-chhùi-hîm, *Arctodus simus* (tn̄g-chéng)\n\t\t- Té-chhùi-hîm, *Arctodus pristinus* (tn̄g-chéng)\n\t+ **Ursinae a-kho**\n\t\t- Chong-hîm, *Ursus arctos*\n\t\t- Bí-chiu o͘-hîm, *Ursus americanus*\n\t\t- Pe̍h-hîm, *Ursus maritimus*\n\t\t- A-chiu o͘-hîm, *Ursus thibetanus*\n\t\t\t* Tâi-oân káu-hîm, *Ursus thibetanus formosanus*\n\t\t- *Auvergne Bear*, *Ursus minimus* (tn̄g-chéng)\n\t\t- *Etruscan Bear*, *Ursus etruscus* (tn̄g-chéng)\n\t\t- Au-chiu soaⁿ-tōng-hîm, *Ursus spelaeus* (tn̄g-chéng)\n\t\t- Atlas-hîm, *Ursus crowtheri* (tn̄g-chéng)\n\t\t- Lán-hîm, *Melursus ursinus*\n\t\t- Má-lâi-hîm, *Helarctos malayanus*\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:Ursidae*** |","meta":{"title":"Hîm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1047,2844,0.3681434599156118],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3749}} -{"text":"\n***Ha̍k-hāu ê Kai-the*** (學校-階梯, Ji̍t-pún-oē: 学校の階段 ***Gakkô no Kaidan***) sī chi̍t hē-lia̍t Ji̍t-pún khin-sió-soat, choân-pō͘ ū 10 chi̍p kap chi̍t phiⁿ hoan-goā-phiⁿ.\n\nKio̍k-chêng\n-----------\n\nIt-ti̍t bô siaⁿ-mih bo̍k-pio ê cha-po͘ Sîn-têng Hēng-hông ū-chi̍t-kang kám-kah kha-chiap-phiaⁿ āu ū chi̍t-tīn bî-hong. I oa̍t-thâu khoàⁿ-tioh chi̍t-ê cha-boú-kiáⁿ tī lâu-thui cháu. Che tioh sī i kap Kai-the-siā ê chho͘-khìⁿ-bīn.\n\nJîn-bu̍t\n--------\n\n### Thiⁿ-la̍t-pin Ko-tiong\n\n#### Kai-the-siā sêng-oân\n\nSîn-têng Hēng-hông (神庭 幸宏（かんば ゆきひろ）)\nKò͘-sū ê chú-kak. Pē-bú lóng í-keng koè-siⁿ à. Chit-má toà tī in a-peh chhù-lāi. I ê thâu-kak khang-khang, m̄-koh ti̍t-kak chin chún.\nKiú-tiông Iu-chú (九重 ゆうこ（ここのえ ゆうこ）)\nIu-chú sī ha̍k-hāu ê saⁿ-nî-á, mā sī kai-the-siā ê siā-tiúⁿ. I chin ū oa̍h-la̍t, koh chin ho-tàu-tīn.\nNgài-kok Kiān-ngô͘ (刈谷 健吾（かりや けんご）)\nKiān-ngô͘ sī saⁿ-nî-á, kap Iu-chú sī ùi sè-hàn sî ê pêng-iú. I ū sió-koá léng-bo̍k, tān-sī i chin khiáu.\nThiⁿ-kiā Choân (天ヶ崎 泉（あまがさき いずみ）)\nChoân sī jī-nî-á. I sī chi̍t-ê hó-khoán ê toā-sió-chiá, m̄-koh i bô-kah-ì pa̍t-lâng hō i ê sèⁿ, ài in hō i ê miâ. I seⁿ chò chin koân, thâu-mn̂g o koh tn̂g, mā hō͘ kî-thaⁿ ê ha̍k-siⁿ chheng-chò \"Lûi ê Lú-sîn\"(雷の女神様 Ikazuchi no Megami-sama).\nSam-ki Chong-si (三枝 宗司（さえぐさ そうじ）)\nChong-si si jī-nî-á. I chin khiáu, nī-chhiá chin gâu phah tiān-náu, it-ti̍t kā i ê pit-kì-hêng-tiān-náu chhoā tī siⁿ-khu-piⁿ.\nChéⁿ-tông Gián (井筒 研（いづつ けん）)\nGián sī chi̍t-nî-á, kap Hēng-hông bô-kâng-pan. I chò-tāi-chì chin chhóng-pōng, ka Hēng-hōng tòng-chò te̍k-chhiú. I kah-ì Iu-chú, só-í ka-ji̍p kai-the-sia.\n#### Ha̍k-siⁿ-hoe sêng-oân\n\nIû-chó Iû-ú-it (遊佐 由宇一（ゆさ ゆういち））\nGoân ha̍k-seⁿ-hoē-tiúⁿ. Iân-tâu phiau-pheh ê siàu-liân-ke.\nTiong-chhuan Chhian-ho̍k (中村 ちづる（なかむら ちづる））\nChiân chip-hêng-pō͘ pō͘-tiúⁿ.\nGū-sîn-lo̍k Lêng-lú (御神楽　あやめ（みかぐら　あやめ））\nChi̍t-nî--ê choán-ha̍k-siⁿ. Lāu-pē sī Soaⁿ-siōng Kiat-kéⁿ-īⁿ Ko-tiong ê lí-sū-tiúⁿ. I sī chit-má ê ha̍k-siⁿ-hoe hù-hoē-tiúⁿ.\n#### Kî-thaⁿ ha̍k-siⁿ\n\nSam-tó Chin-khîm (三島 真琴（みしま まこと））\nKap Hēng-hông kâng-pan. Lú-chú tiân-kèng-siā sêng-oân.\nChí-goân Chian-hoē (凪原 ちえ（なぎはら ちえ））\nTiān-iáⁿ-gián-kiù-hoē sêng-oân.\nSoâⁿ-tiân Siông-chú (山田 翔子（やまだ しょうこ））\nKiah-tiân Hêng-iū (吉田 行祐（よしだ ゆきひろ）),Tō͘-piⁿ Soat-pí-lí (渡辺 雪比呂（わたなべ ゆきひろ）)\nKap Hēng-hông kâng-pan ê hó-pêng-iú.\nKa-têng Phok-bûn (加藤 博文（かとう　ひろふみ）)\nHāu-tiúⁿ ê kiáⁿ. Hòng-sàng-siā siā-oân.\nKìⁿ-siâⁿ Iâu (見城 遥（けんじょう はるか）)\nLú-chú nâ-kiû-siā siā-tiúⁿ.\n### Soaⁿ-siōng Kiat-kéⁿ-īⁿ Ko-tiong\n\n### Sîn-têng chhù-lāi\n\nSîn-têng Hi-chhun（神庭 希春（かんば きはる））\nSîn-têng-ka siōng toā-hàn ê.\nSîn-têng Sió-hā（神庭 小夏（かんば こなつ））\nSîn-têng-ka ê tē-jī--ê, Thiⁿ-la̍t-pin Ko-tiong ê sò͘-ha̍k sian-siⁿ, mā sī kai-the-siā ê kò͘-mn̄g.\nSîn-têng Chhian-chhiu（神庭 千秋（かんば ちあき））\nSîn-têng-ka ê tē-saⁿ--ê, chit-má sī tāi-ha̍k-siⁿ.\nSîn-têng Bí-tang（神庭 美冬（かんば みふゆ））\nSîn-têng-ka ê tē-sì--ê, Thiⁿ-la̍t-pin Ko-tiong ê jī-nî-á, mā sī the-ni-su-siā ê siā-oân, kap Choân sī hó-pêng-iú.\n\nSió-soat\n--------\n\n| phiau-tê |  Ji̍t-pún |  Tâi-oân |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Hoat-siū Ji̍t-kî | ISBN | Hoat-siū Ji̍t-kî | ISBN |\n| Pún-phiⁿ | 学校の階段 Ha̍k-hāu ê Kai-the 1 | 2006 nî 1-ge̍h-30-ji̍t | ISBN 4-7577-2598-1 | 2007 nî 6-ge̍h-5-ji̍t | ISBN 978-986-174-336-3 |\n| 学校の階段 2 Ha̍k-hāu ê Kai-the 2 | 2006 nî 5-ge̍h-29-ji̍t | ISBN 4-7577-2802-6 | 2007 nî 8-ge̍h-29-ji̍t | ISBN 978-986-174-452-0 |\n| 学校の階段 3 Ha̍k-hāu ê Kai-the 3 | 2006 nî 9-ge̍h-30-ji̍t | ISBN 4-7577-2936-7 | 2007 nî 10-ge̍h-19-ji̍t | ISBN 978-986-174-493-3 |\n| 学校の階段 4 Ha̍k-hāu ê Kai-the 4 | 2007 nî 1-ge̍h-29-ji̍t | ISBN 978-4-7577-3331-2 | 2008 nî 2-ge̍h-27-ji̍t | ISBN 978-986-174-610-4 |\n| 学校の階段 5 Ha̍k-hāu ê Kai-the 5 | 2007 nî 4-ge̍h-28-ji̍t | ISBN 978-4-7577-3504-0 | 2008 nî 6-ge̍h-12-ji̍t | ISBN 978-986-174-721-7 |\n| 学校の階段 6 Ha̍k-hāu ê Kai-the 6 | 2007 nî 7-ge̍h-30-ji̍t | ISBN 978-4-7577-3629-0 | 2008 nî 9-ge̍h-6-ji̍t | ISBN 978-986-174-820-7 |\n| 学校の階段ⁿ 7 Ha̍k-hāu ê Kai-the 7 | 2007 nî 10-ge̍h-29-ji̍t | ISBN 978-4-7577-3796-9 | 2008 nî 11-ge̍h-12-ji̍t | ISBN 978-986-174-878-4 |\n| 学校の階段 8 Ha̍k-hāu ê Kai-the 8 | 2008 nî 3-ge̍h-29-ji̍t | ISBN 978-4-7577-4077-8 | 2009 nî 3-ge̍h-31-ji̍t | ISBN 978-986-237-032-2 |\n| 学校の階段 9 Ha̍k-hāu ê Kai-the 9 | 2008 nî 10-ge̍h-30-ji̍t | ISBN 978-4-7577-4479-0 | 2009 nî 7-ge̍h-25-ji̍t | ISBN 978-986-237-122-0 |\n| 学校の階段 10 Ha̍k-hāu ê Kai-the 10 | 2009 nî 7-ge̍h-30-ji̍t | ISBN 978-4-7577-4984-9 | 2010 nî 1-ge̍h-4-ji̍t | ISBN 978-986-237-443-6 |\n| Té-phiⁿ | 学校の階段の踊り場 | 2009 nî 3-ge̍h-30-ji̍t | ISBN 978-4-7577-4765-4 | — |\n| 学校の階段の踊り場2 | 2010 nî 11-ge̍h-11-ji̍t | ISBN 978-4-04-726820-3 |\n| Goā-thoān | 学校の外階段 | 2012 nî 3-ge̍h-30-ji̍t | ISBN 978-4-04-727928-5 |\n| 学校の外階段 2 | 2012 nî 8-ge̍h-30-ji̍t | ISBN 978-4-04-728300-8 |\n| 学校の外階段 3 | 2012 nî 11-ge̍h-30-ji̍t | ISBN 978-4-04-728513-2 |\n\nBàng-gah\n--------\n\n* Ha̍k-hāu ê Kai-the 1\n* Ha̍k-hāu ê Kai-the 2\n* Ha̍k-hāu ê Kai-the 3\n* Ha̍k-hāu ê Kai-the 4\n\nTiān-iáⁿ\n--------\n\n2007 nî 7 goe̍h 28 hō tī Tang-kiaⁿ ê CINEMART Lio̍k-pún-bo̍k hòng-sàng. Tō-ián sī Chó-chó-bo̍k Hō-kiú.\n\n### Ián-oân\n\n* Hek-chhoan Gâ-í chhut-ián **Sîn-têng Lí-bí**\n* Tong-san Ài-lí chhut-ián **Kiú-tiông Iu-chú**\n* Siông-boé Bín-sin chhut-ián **Ngài-kok Kiān-ngô͘**\n* Kap-hui Mâ-bí chhut-ián **Thiⁿ-kiā Choân**\n* Sú-goân Lo̍k-jîn chhut-ián **Sam-ki Chong-si**\n* Chhiu-san Nāi-nāi chhut-ián **Chéⁿ-tông Nāi-bí**","meta":{"title":"Ha̍k-hāu ê Kai-the","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1892,5128,0.36895475819032764],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6142}} -{"text":"\n***Ha̍k-hn̂g Ko͘-tó*** (學園孤島, Ji̍t-gí: がっこうぐらし！, Hùn-lēng-sek: *Gakkô Gurasi!*, Ha̍k-hāu Seng-oa̍h) sī Hái-hoat Kì-kong (海法紀光) goân-chok, Chhian-ia̍p Sadoru (千葉サドル) só͘ oē, tùi 2012 nî liân-chài tī Hong-bûn-sia *Manga Time Kirara Forward*--ê zombie (sòng-si) bàng-gah. Tī 2015 nî 7 kàu 9 goe̍h hòng-sàng tiān-sī tōng-oē--pán.\n\nKio̍k-chêng\n-----------\n\nKong tī zombie phò-huāi--ê Sûn-khiu Ha̍k-īⁿ Ko-hāu (巡ヶ丘学院高校) lāi, chú-kak Iû-kì kap kî-tha Ha̍k-hn̂g Seng-oa̍h Pō͘ (部)--ê tông-o̍h tàu-tīn khiā-khí , nái-chì (乃至) poaⁿ kàu Sèng Isidorosu Tāi-ha̍k (聖イシドロス大学)--ê khò͘-sū.\n\nBàng-gah lī-iōng boē sìn--tit--ê sū-sū-chiá (-敘事者, *unreliable narrator*) phiat-pō͘, Iû-kì tú khai-sí jīm-ûi zombie--ê chai-ē (災禍) m̄-bat hoat-seng, it-chhiat pîng-hô sūn-sūi, chí-sī si̍t-chêng sī zombie pau-ûi hak-hāu, hui-siông gûi-hiám.\n\nChú-iāu Jîn-bu̍t\n----------------\n\n### Ha̍k-hn̂g Seng-oa̍h Pō͘\n\n* Tiōng-chhiong Iû-kì (丈槍由紀 (たけや　ゆき) Takeya Yuki) siaⁿ: Súi-nāi Inori (水瀬いのり)\n\nLú-chú-kak, sèng-tē gín-á-khoán, tì ka-pi-sek--ê ū hīⁿ bō͘-á, tha̍k 3 nî. Siū zombie chhim-ji̍p chhì-kek kah sim-lí thè-hoā (*regression*), tú khai-sí lia̍h zombie bô chûn-chāi, jî-chhiáⁿ Chó-chhong Tsû ia̍h tī-teh.\n* Hūi-hui-su-te̍k Ô͘-thô (恵飛須沢胡桃 (えびすざわ　くるみ) Ebisuzawa Kurumi), siaⁿ: Siáu-te̍k Á-lí (小澤亜李)\n\nGoân Lio̍k-siōng pō͘ siā-oân, thé-la̍t chio̍k, tha̍k 2 nî. Hū-chek iōng thut-á chám-tiāu zombie, sui-bóng lo̍h-bé hō͘ Chó-chhong Chû zombie ka, m̄-koh phah khòng-seng-sò͘ āu pēⁿ-chèng chiah bē ok-hoà (惡化).\n* Jio̍k-hia̍p Iu-lí (若狭悠里 (わかさ　ゆうり) Wakasa Yûri), siaⁿ: M・A・O\n\nPa̍t-miâ \"Rîsan\" (Lí--sàng). Ha̍k-hn̂g Seng-oa̍h Pō͘ siā-tiúⁿ, tha̍k 3 nî, hū-chek sǹg-siàu, chèng-chhài téng khang-khuè.\n* Ti̍t-sū Bí-kì (直樹美紀 (なおき　みき) Naoki Miki) siaⁿ: Ko-kiô Lí-i (高橋里依)\n\nPa̍t-miâ \"Mîkun\" (Bí--kun). Seng-oa̍h Pō͘ khì kò͘-bu̍t (購物) tiong-sim chhoē bu̍t-chu--ê sî tú-tio̍h--ê, tha̍k 2 nî.\n* Chó-chhong Chû (佐倉慈 (さくら　めぐみ) Sakura Megumi), siaⁿ: Mâu-iá Ài-i (茅野愛衣)\n\nPa̍t-miâ: Megunē (A-chû-chí), Iû-kì--ê Kok-bûn (Ji̍t-gí) sian-siⁿ, chhòng-li̍p Seng-oa̍h Pō͘, m̄-koh ūi-tio̍h pó-hō͘ ha̍k-seng tio̍h-siong, piàn-chò zombie.\n* Thài-lông-oân (太郎丸 (たろうまる) Tarômaru), siaⁿ: Ka-têng Eng-bí-lí (加藤英美里)\n\nSia-thoân--ê chhâ-khián (柴犬) káu, lo̍h-boé piàn zombie sí--khì.\n* Sû-tông Kui (祠堂圭 (しどう　けい) Sidô Kei), Bo̍k-chhun Chu-lī (木村珠莉)\n\nBí-kì--ê pêng-iú, pún-té kap i tī kò͘-bu̍t tiong-sim pī-lām (避難), āu-lâi ka-kī chi̍t ê lī-khui.\n* Chhut-khó͘ Tông-chú (出口桐子 (でぐち　とうこ) Deguti Tôko)\n\nTāi-ha̍k lāi Chū Tūi-lo̍h Tông-hòⁿ Hoē (自堕落同好会)--ê tāi-piáu, chêng-pò kho-ha̍k pō͘--ê hak-seng.\n* Lêng-hô-goân Lise (稜河原りせ)\n\nToà Sèng Isidorosu Tāi-ha̍k Tô-su-koán--ê bûn-hoà jîn-lūi ha̍k-pō͘ (ha̍k-hē) ha̍k-seng.\n* Kôgami (コウガミ) kap Sinô (シノウ)\n\nBû-tò͘ Phài (武闘派)--ê sêng-oân.\n* Rû-tyan(るーちゃん)\n\nIu-lí lia̍h-chún sī tī Jiû-hô Sió-ha̍k-hāu (鞣河小学校) chhoē-tio̍h--ê seng-hoân chiá, pún-miâ boē-hiáu kóng, Iu-lí tio̍h iōng tī hia tha̍k-chu--ê sió-moē--ê miâ \"Rû\" kiò--i. Kî-si̍t Rû-tyan sī Iû-kì--ê hîm ang-á, āu-lâi Iu-lí the̍h--tńg-khì.\n\nBàng-gah\n--------\n\nGoân-bûn lóng iû Hong-bûn-sia chhut-pán.\n### Tan-hêng-pún\n\n1. 2012 nî 12 goe̍h 27 chho͘-pán (初版) hoat-hêng, 2012 nî 12 goe̍h 12 ji̍t hoàn-bē ISBN 978-4-8322-4236-4\n2. 2013 nî 6 goe̍h 27 chho͘-pán hoat-hêng, 2013 nî 6 goe̍h 12 ji̍t hoàn-bē ISBN 978-4-8322-4309-5\n3. 2013 nî 12 goe̍h 27 chho͘-pán hoat-hêng, 2013 nî 12 goe̍h 12 ji̍t hoàn-bē ISBN 978-4-8322-4378-1\n4. 2014 nî 7 goe̍h 26 chho͘-pán hoat-hêng, 2014 nî 7 goe̍h 11 ji̍t hoàn-bē ISBN 978-4-8322-4462-7\n5. 2015 nî 3 goe̍h 27 chho͘-pán hoat-hêng, 2015 nî 3 goe̍h 12 ji̍t hoàn-bē ISBN 978-4-8322-4538-9\n6. 2015 nî 8 goe̍h 26 chho͘-pán hoat-hêng, 2015 nî 8 goe̍h 11 ji̍t hoàn-bē ISBN 978-4-8322-4603-4\n7. 2016 nî 1 goe̍h 27 chho͘-pán hoat-hêng, 2016 nî 1 goe̍h 12 ji̍t hoàn-bē ISBN 978-4-8322-4653-9\n\n### bàng-gah soán-chi̍p (選集)\n\n* がっこうぐらし！アンソロジーコミック 穏 (Hak-hn̂g Ko-tó Soán-chi̍p Bàng-gah Ún), 2015 nî 7 goe̍h 13 ji̍t, ISBN 978-4-8322-4589-1\n* がっこうぐらし！アンソロジーコミック 壊 (Hak-hn̂g Ko-tó Soán-chi̍p Bàng-gah Huāi), 2015 nî 9 goe̍h 12 ji̍t, ISBN 978-4-8322-4616-4\n* がっこうぐらし！アンソロジーコミック 極 (Hak-hn̂g Ko-tó Soán-chi̍p Bàng-gah Ke̍k), 2016 nî 1 goe̍h 12 ji̍t (2015 nî ī-tēng (預定)), ISBN 978-4-8322-4654-6\n\nTōng-oē\n-------\n\n### Ta̍k chi̍p lia̍t-toaⁿ\n\n1. Khai-sí (はじまり)\n2. Siàu-liām (おもいで)\n3. Hit Sî (あのとき)\n4. Oán-chiok (えんそく)\n5. Sio-tú (であい)\n6. Hoan-gêng (ようこそ)\n7. Phoe-sìn (おてがみ)\n8. Chiong-lâi (しょうらい)\n9. Kà-ji̍t (きゅうじつ)\n10. Lo̍h-hō͘ Thiⁿ (あめのひ)\n11. Siong-hûn (きずあと)\n12. Pī-gia̍p (そつぎょう)\n\n### Chú-tê khek\n\n* Phìⁿ-thâu: ふ・れ・ん・ど・し・た・い (*Hu・ren・do・si・ta・i*, Siūⁿ-beh Chò Pêng-iú)\n\nSû: Kumanokiyomi (くまのきよみ), chok-khek: Têng-pún Kùi-chek (藤本貴則), pian-khek: Chó-chó-bo̍k Jū(佐々木裕) , chhiùⁿ - Ha̍k-hn̂g Seng-oa̍h Pō͘ (5 ê kioh-siàu--ê siaⁿ-iu (聲優))\nLoē-iông sī iú-koan ha̍k-hāu tông-o̍h--ê iú-gī (友誼), chí-sī ū chi̍t-koá kan-sia̍p sí-bông, gûi-ki--ê siang-koan (雙關), pí-lūn \"Sitai\" thang kái-sek chò \"siū-beh\" kah \"si-thé\". Phìⁿ-thâu mā ē thàn kio̍k-chêng lio̍h-lio̍h-á piàn.\n* Phìⁿ-boé:\n\t+ ハーモナイズ・クローバー (*Hâmonaizu Kurôbâ*, Hô-hâi (和諧) Kiâm-sng-chháu), tē 1-3,5,9 chi̍p\n\tChhiùⁿ kap sû: Hek-kî Chin-im (黒崎真音) , chok-khek: Hek-su Khek-gān (黒須克彦) , pian-khek: Hek-su Khek-gān, Tiông-tiân ti̍t-chi (長田直之)\n\t+ We took each other's hand (Lán Bat Sio Khan-chhiú), tē 4 chi̍p\n\tSû kap khek: Tiong-thióng Bú(中塚武), chhiùⁿ: Te̍k-tiân Kaori (澤田かおり)\n\tEng-gí koa, mā-sī tē 11 chi̍p--ê chhap-ji̍p koa.\n\t+ アフターグロウ (*Ahutāgurô*, Bo̍k-sek (暮色)), tē 6-8,10,11 chi̍p\n\tSû kap chhiùⁿ: Hek-kî Chin-im, khek: fu\\_mou\n\t+ ふ・れ・ん・ど・し・た・い, tē 12 chi̍p\n\n### Hòng-sàng toan-ūi\n\n#### Tiān-sī-tâi\n\n* 2015 nî 7 goe̍h 9 ji̍t - 9 goe̍h 24 ji̍t\n\t+ AT-X: pài 4 21:30 - 22:00, tī choân Ji̍t-pún\n\t+ TOKYO MX: pài 4 23:30 - keh-ji̍t 0:00, tī Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘\n* 2015 nî 7 goe̍h 10 ji̍t - 9 goe̍h 25 ji̍t (pài 5 0:30 - 1:00)\n* Sun Terebi (サンテレビ): tī Ping-khò͘-koān\n* BS11: tī choân Ji̍t-pún\n\n#### Bāng-chām\n\nTùi 2015 nî 7 goe̍h tiong tī Niconico, GYAO!, Lo̍k-thian Show Time (楽天ショウタイム), Bān-tāi Channel (バンダイチャンネル), kap Bilibili téng lóng ū hòng-sàng.\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* まんがタイムきらら - 作品紹介ページ\n* TVアニメ「がっこうぐらし！」公式サイト","meta":{"title":"Ha̍k-hn̂g Ko͘-tó","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2762,5862,0.47117024906175364],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7064}} -{"text":"\n**Hoat-lân-se Tē-saⁿ Kiōng-hô-kok** (Hàn-jī: 法蘭西第三共和國; Hoat-gí: La Troisième République) sī Hoat-kok kòe-khì ê chi̍t ê ê chèng-khoân. 1870 nî, Hoat-lân-se Tē-jī Tè-kok tī Phó͘-Hoat Chiàn-cheng tiong óa-kái, Tē-saⁿ Kiōng-hô-kok sêng-li̍p, kàu 1940 nî, Hoat-kok tī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn tiong lûn-hām, Tē-saⁿ Kiōng-hô-kok bia̍t-bông.\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\n1870 nî 9-goe̍h chhe-1, Phó͘-Hoat Chiàn-cheng ê Sedan Chiàn-tò͘ tiong, Hoat-kok chiàn-pāi, hông-tè Napoléon 3-sè hō͘ Tek-kun hu-ló͘, Hoat-lân-se Tē-jī Tè-kok mā sûi hŏng thui-hoan. Kok-bîn Gī-hōe ê gī-goân Léon Gambetta léng-tō Paris tāi-piáu tī 9-goe̍h chhe-4 kiàn-li̍p lîm-sî chèng-hú, kiò-chò Kok-hông Chèng-hú. Hia-ê tāi-piáu thui-phài Louis-Jules Trochu chiong-kun chò chóng-thóng. Kok-hông Chèng-hú chiâⁿ-chò Kiōng-hô-kok ê tē it kài chèng-hú, i koh kè-sio̍k kah Tek-kun sio-chiàn, jî-chhiáⁿ tī sì kò goe̍h ê Paris Pau-ûi-chiàn kî-kan thóng-tī Hoat-kok. \n\n1871 nî 1-goe̍h 28, tī Tek-kok phàu-kek ê ui-hia̍p chi-hā, Hoat-kok Kok-hông Chèng-hú khai-sí beh kah tú sêng-li̍p ê Tek-ì-chì Tè-kok tâm-phòaⁿ, hia̍p-gī beh thêng-chiàn, Tek-kok siú-siòng Otto von Bismark hō͘ in ê tiâu-kiāⁿ sī kái-sàn bo̍k-chêng ê lîm-sî chèng-hú, kí-pān soán-kí, soán-chhut ū ha̍p-hoat-sèng ê chèng-hú, chiah-koh lâi tâm-phòaⁿ. 2-goe̍h 18 ê Kok-bîn Gī-hōe soán-kí tang-tiong, chú-tiuⁿ hô-pêng pó-siú-phài tit-tio̍h to-sò͘ se̍k-chhù. Kok-bîn Gī-hōe soán-chhut un-hô-phài ê kiōng-hô chú-gī-chiá Jules Grévy chò gī-tiúⁿ, koh soán-chhut Louis-Philippe 1-sè sî-tāi ê Lāi-chèng-pō͘ pō͘-tiúⁿ Adolphe Thiers chò \"Hoat-lân-se Kiōng-hô-kok hêng-chèng siú-tiúⁿ\" (Hoat-gí: *chef du pouvoir exécutif de la République française*). Hit-tong-sî, Paris chhī-bîn tī chiàn-cheng tang-tiong í-keng lī-keng chiàn-pāi ê thí-jio̍k kah ki-hân kau-pek ê kam-khó͘, só͘-tì in chhiong-móa kek-bēng kah chó-e̍k ê hun-ûi, iū-e̍k ê sin chèng-hú chŏaⁿ soán-te̍k Versailles-kiong chò-ûi chèng-hú chóng-pō͘. \n\n3-goe̍h 18, Paris chhī-bîn ê bú-chong pō͘-tūi Kok-bîn Kéng-ūi-tùi hoat-tōng khí-gī, thâi-sí nn̄g-ê chiong-kun, kā chèng-hú-kun kóaⁿ-chhut Paris, koh sêng-li̍p Paris Kong-siā, in tī sòa--lo̍h-lâi nn̄g kò-goe̍h ê sî-kan lóng leh tùi-khòng Thiers chèng-hú ê chèng-kui-kun. 5-goe̍h 21 kàu 28, chèng-hú-kun tōa-kui-bô͘ tìn-ap Kong-siā ê lâng, chhèng-sat beh 20000 lâng, hòng-tio̍k 7000-gōa lâng, sú-chheng Lâu-hoeh ê Lé-pài.\n\nKāng-sî, tī 5-goe̍h chhe-10, sin chèng-hú kah Tek-kok chhiam-tēng Frankfurt Tiâu-iok.\n\nGōa-kau\n-------\n\n19 sè-kí tiong-kî, Hoat-kok khai-sí ji̍p-chhim Chheng-kok ê sio̍k-kok Oa̍t-lâm. 1883 nî kàu 1885 nî, Hoat-kok kah Chheng-kok po̍k-hoat Chheng-hoat Chiàn-cheng, kiat-kó Chheng-kok Hok-kiàn Chúi-sai hŏng bia̍t-choa̍t; Chheng, Hoat tī Thian-chin chhiam-tēng Tiong-hoat Sin-iok, Chheng-kok sêng-jīn Oa̍t-lâm piàn-chò Hoat-kok ê pó-hō͘-kok.\n\nSiā-hōe\n-------\n\nComparison of Africa in the years 1880 and 1913\n\nTē-it-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn\n---------------------------\n\nBia̍t-bông\n----------\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Hoat-lân-se si̍t-bîn tè-kok\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ In Benedict Anderson (July–August 2004). \"In the World-Shadow of Bismarck and Nobel\". New Left Review. goân-loē-iông tī 2006-10-10 hőng khó͘-pih. 2007-10-05 khòaⁿ--ê. :\n> \"In March 1871 the Commune took power in the abandoned city and held it for two months. Then Versailles seized the moment to attack and, in one horrifying week, executed roughly 20,000 Communards or suspected sympathizers, a number higher than those killed in the recent war or during Robespierre’s‘Terror’of 1793–94. More than 7,500 were jailed or deported to places like New Caledonia. Thousands of others fled to Belgium, England, Italy, Spain and the United States. In 1872, stringent laws were passed that ruled out all possibilities of organizing on the left. Not till 1880 was there a general amnesty for exiled and imprisoned Communards. Meantime, the Third Republic found itself strong enough to renew and reinforce Louis Napoleon’s imperialist expansion—in Indochina, Africa, and Oceania. Many of France's leading intellectuals and artists had participated in the Commune（Courbet was its quasi-minister of culture, Rimbaud and Pissarro were active propagandists）or were sympathetic to it. The ferocious repression of 1871 and after was probably the key factor in alienating these milieux from the Third Republic and stirring their sympathy for its victims at home and abroad.\"","meta":{"title":"Hoat-lân-se Tē-saⁿ Kiōng-hô-kok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2278,5128,0.44422776911076445],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n
    Hoat-lân-se Kiōng-hô-kok
    République française
    \n1870 nî–1940 nî
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Hoat-lân-se
    \n
    kî-á
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \"Hoat-lân-se
    \n
    kok-hui
    \n
    \n
    \nChu-kù: \"Liberté, égalité, fraternité\" (Huat-gú)
    \"Chū-iû, pêng-téng, phok-ài\"
    \nKok-koa: \"La Marseillaise\"
    \n\".mw-parser-output
    1939 nî ê Hoat-lân-se Kiōng-hô-kok\n
    \n
    •   Hoat-kok
      • \n
    •   Hoat-kok si̍t-bîn-tē
    \n
    \n\"1939
    1939 nî bóe ê Hoat-lân-se Kiōng-hô-kok ê léng-thó͘
    \nkhóng-sek: Hoat-kok
    chúi-sek: Hoat-kok si̍t-bîn-tē
    Siú-to͘\nParis
    Thong-iōng gí-giân\nHoat-gí kap chi̍t-kóa kî-thaⁿ gí-giân
    Chèng-hú\nTan-it-chèGī-hōe Kiōng-hô-chè
    Hoat-kok chóng-thóng\n 
    • 1871–1873 (Thâu)
    		\nAdolphe Thiers
    • 1932–1940 (Bóe)
    		\nAlbert Lebrun
    Hoat-kok chóng-lí\n 
    • 1870–1871 (Thâu)
    		\nLouis Jules Trochu
    • 1940 (Bóe)
    		\nPhilippe Pétain
    Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘\nHoat-kok Gī-hōe
    • Siōng-īⁿ
    		\nChham-gī-īⁿ
    • Hā-īⁿ
    		\nChiòng-gī-īⁿ
    Le̍k-sú\n 
    • Léon Gambetta soan-pò͘ kiàn-kok
    		\n1870 nî 9 goe̍h chhe-4
    • Vichy Hoat-kok sêng-li̍p
    		\n1940 nî 7 goe̍h chhe-10
    Bīn-chek
    1938\n13,500,000 km2 (5,200,000 sq mi)
    Jîn-kháu
    • 1938
    		\n150,000,000
    Hoè-pè\nHoat-kok franc
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    í-chêng kok-ka    		í-āu kok-ka
    \n\n\n\n\n
    \"\"Hoat-lân-se Tē-jī Tè-kok
    		\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Vichy Hoat-kok\"\"
    Chū-iû Hoat-kok\"\"
    Tek-kok kun-sū chiàm-niá\"\"
    Ì-tāi-lī kun-sū chiàm-niá\"\"
    Taⁿ siok-tī\n\"\" Hoat-kok
    \"\" Algeria
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4760}} -{"text":"4 ki iá-kiû pāng\n**Iá-kiû pāng** (*baseball bat*) sī chi̍t ki tī iá-kiû pí-sài tiong sú-iōng ê bo̍k-chè he̍k-chiá kim-sio̍k-chè ê ku̍t-liu kùn-á, the̍h-lâi kòng iû tâu-chhiú tâu-chhut ê iá-kiû. Àn-chiàu kui-chek, iá-kiû pāng siōng-chho͘ pō͘-hūn ê ti̍t-kèng bōe-ēng chhiau-kòe 2.75 eng-chhùn, tn̂g-tō͘ iā bōe-ēng chhiau-kòe 42 eng-chhùn (1,100 mm). Sui-jiân tī le̍k-sú siōng, bat ū chiap-kīn 3 pōng (1.4 kg) iá-kiû pāng chûn-chāi, m̄-koh hiān-kim ê kiû-pāng thong-siông lóng sī 33 ong-su (0.94 kg), siōng-ke iā chí-ū 34 ong-su (0.96 kg) chì 36 ong-su (1.0 kg).\n\nSu̍t-gí\n-------\n\nSui-jiân iōng kùn-á kòng kiû sī chi̍t ê chin kán-tan ê kài-liām, m̄-koh kiû-pāng soah sī chi̍t ê siōng-tùi ho̍k-cha̍p ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Iá-kiû pāng ê kò͘-chō sī keng-kòe chin téng-chin ê tiau-khek kòe-têng, hō͘ táⁿ-kek-chiá ē-ēng khoài-sok hui-pāng, jî-chhiáⁿ tī thê-kiong lêng-liōng ê tông-sî iā î-chhî sin-thé ê pêng-hêng. Kiû-pāng ē-ēng pī hun-chò kúi-nā-ê pō͘-hūn. ***Barrel*** sī kiû-pāng chho͘-khoah ê pō͘-hūn, iā chiū sī kòng kiû ê só͘-chāi. Kin-kì *barrel* ê kò͘-chō kah hui-pāng ê hong-keh, siōng sek-ha̍p kòng kiû ê só͘-chāi hō-chò **tiⁿ-bi̍t tiám** (*sweet spot*). *Barrel* ê bóe-liu pō͘-hūn m̄-sī tiⁿ-bi̍t tiám ê hun-pò͘ só͘-chāi, pī kán-tan hō-chò kiû-pāng ê ***top***, ***end*** ia̍h-sī ***cap***. *Barrel* ē chiām-chiām piàn sán, chòe-āu piàn-sêng **pèⁿ** (*handle*) ê pō͘-hūn. Pèⁿ ê pō͘-hūn chin sán, án-ne táⁿ-kek-chiá chiah ē-sái khin-sang ak tī chhiú-thâu.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***iá-kiû pāng*** |\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. 1 2 Jenn Zambri. \"Size Matters: Top 10 \"Biggest\" In MLB History\". *Bleacher Report*. 13 September 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Iá-kiû pāng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[155,1578,0.0982256020278834],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1948}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Hyaenidae |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| *Crocuta crocuta* |\n|\n| Hoà-chio̍h hoān-ûi |\n| Miocene chá-kî - hiān-sî |\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Mammalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Carnivora |\n| A-bo̍k: | Feliformia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | **Hyaenidae**Gray, 1821 |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Hiān-sî chûn-chāi ê sio̍k |\n| * *Crocuta*\n* *Hyaena*\n* *Proteles*\n |\n| Siâng-ì-miâ |\n| * Protelidae Flower, 1869\n |\n\n**Haiena** (Hyaenidae) sī Carnivora-ba̍k ē-kha ê chi̍t-ê kho, o̍ah-tāng ê só͘-chāi pau-koat A-chiu chham Hui-chiu. Hiān-sî chûn-chāi ê bu̍t-chéng ū 4 khóan, kî-tiong 2-ê sī Hyaena-sio̍k; 1-ê sī Crocuta-sio̍k; koh ū 1-ê sī Proteles-sio̍k.\n\nSui-jiân Hyaenidae ê gōa-piáu khòaⁿ-khí-lâi chham Canidae-kho ê tōng-bu̍t chin sêng, m̄-koh Hyaenidae chit-ê kho ê koan-hē kap Herpestidae-kho khah chiap-kīn. In ê thâu-chêng-kha pí āu-piah-kha khah tn̂g.","meta":{"title":"Haiena","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[266,692,0.38439306358381503],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1016}} -{"text":"\n\nHî-tî-hiong \n魚池鄉| |\n| Ki-pún chu-liāu |\n| Jîn-kháu | 17,267 (2010 nî 7 goe̍h) |\n| Hō͘-sò͘ | 5,794 |\n| Biān-chek | 121.3735 km² |\n| Hêng-chéng koán-lí |\n| Téng-kip | Hiong |\n| Téng-koân | Lâm-tâu-koān |\n| Ē-té | 13 chhoan |\n|\n\nHî-tî-hiong\n**Hî-tî-hiong** (魚池鄉) sī Tâi-oân Lâm-tâu-koān ê 1 ê hiong. chia siōng chhut-miâ ê sī jit-goa̍t-thâm, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ lâng lâi leh iû-lám ê só͘-chai. goân-té chia sī goân-chū-bîn, \"Thau\", seng-oa̍h ê só͘-chai. tē-hng só͘ kóng ê gí-giân iā sī \"Thau\" ê gí-giân.\n\nle̍k-sú\n-------\n\nkin-kù tē-hng ê thoân-soat, \"Thau\" siōng chá sī tùi A-lí-san hiah(in ê ōe hō-chò 'arithan / 'ari a hundun) lâi ê. chhàm Cou pí khí-lâi, Thau ê jîn-kháu bô chē, m̄-ko bîn-cho̍k ê DNA koh chè-tián, gí-giân téng-téng ê bûn-hòa thoân-thóng lóng chin bô-kâng.\n\n### ko͘-chá sî-tāi\n\ntī ū le̍k-sú kì-lo̍k chìn-chêng, tiàm chit-má ê hī-tī-hiong tē-khu, chá tō ū jîn-lūi tī chia oa̍h-tāng, seng-oa̍h. 1900 nî, hit-chūn Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi lâi tī tâi-oân ê khó-kó͘ ha̍k-chiá tī chúi-siā kap chu-á-san(chit-má tī jit-goa̍t-thâm tiong-ng ê sió-soaⁿ, Thau ê ōe hō-chò lalu) hoat-hiān chi̍t-kóa ke-si, khòaⁿ khí-lâi sī iōng chio̍h-thâu-á chè-chō ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ, ū ê kan-tan, chho͘-siap, ū-ê jīn-chin bôa kòe, ke khah iù-lō͘. sòa-lo̍h-lâi tī 1955, chi̍t cho͘ lâi-chū tâi-tāi(tâi-oân tāi-ha̍k) kap lâm-tâu bûn-hiàn úi-oân-hōe ê khó-kó͘ thoân-tūi lâi chiah ê lalu, chúi-siā, bûn-bú biō, koh chheng-liông soaⁿ-lok ê thâm piⁿ gián-kiú. khioh ū chhiau-kòe chi̍t chheng kiāⁿ ê chio̍h-thâu-á ke-si hām hûi-á. che lóng chèng-bêng tio̍h goân-té tī chiah ê goân-chū-bîn tī chio̍h-khì sî-tāi í-keng siong-tong chìn-pō͘, iā-ū to̍k-li̍p ê seng-oa̍h cho͘-chit. \n\nsiōng-chá ū gōa-lâng lâi kàu chit-má ê lâm-tâu-koān chiah ê kì-lo̍k sī 17 sè-kí bóe, ùi tiong-kok lâi ê, sèⁿ lîm, sī Tēⁿ-sêng-kong ē-kha ê chi̍t-ê chiong-kun. hit-chūn i chhōa chi̍t-tīn lâng khì tī chit-má ê táu-la̍k hiah khai-khún. liáu-āu, chhōa tīn koh lâi kàu kin-á-ji̍t ê tek-san hiah hoat-tián. m̄-ko kin-kù tong-sî ê kì-lo̍k, bô lâi kàu chit-má ê hì-ti-hiong tē-khu. \n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nLâm-tâu-koān ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Koān-tī só͘-chāi：Lâm-tâu-chhī |\n| |\n| Chhī | Lâm-tâu-chhī | |\n| |\n| Tìn | Chháu-tūn-tìn **·** Chi̍p-chi̍p-tìn **·** Po͘-lí-tìn **·** Tek-san-tìn |\n| |\n| Hiuⁿ | Bêng-kan-hiong **·** Chúi-lí-hiong **·** Hî-tî-hiong **·** Jîn-ài-hiong **·** Kok-sèng-hiong **·** Lo̍k-kok-hiong **·** Tiong-liâu-hiong **·** Sìn-gī-hiong |\n\n |\n\n1. ↑ 《魚池鄉誌·地理篇》. 南投縣魚池鄉公所. 2001","meta":{"title":"Hî-tî-hiong","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[525,2273,0.2309722833260009],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2934}} -{"text":"Lí Kong-chiân\n**Lí Kong-chiân** (李光前, 1893 nî ~ 1967 nî ), Hok-kiàn Chôan-chiu Lâm-oaⁿ lâng. Chāi-seⁿ ê sî, sī Tang-lâm-a Tn̂g-lâng siā-hōe seng-lí-kài ê chhōa-thâu-lâng, Sin-ka-pho **Lâm-ek Chhiū-leng Kong-si** ê chhòng-pān-jîn. Li kong-chiân bat chò-kòe **Má-lâi-a Tiong-hôa Chóng-siong-hōe** chú-se̍k kah **Sin-ka-pho Tiong-hôa Chóng-siong-hōe** chú-se̍k. 1964 nî Má-lâi-se-a chòe-ko gôan-siú sù hō· Lí--sian-siⁿ **P. M. N.** (Panglima Mangku\nNegara; hō·-kok chiong-kun) ê kong-êng chheng-hō.\n\nKiû-ha̍k\n--------\n\nLí Kong-chiân chhut-sī ti Lâm-oaⁿ-kōan **Phû-chhiûⁿ**-hiong (南安县芙蓉乡), chò gín-á sî-tāi, i tī ka-hiong ê Hàn-o̍h-á tha̍k-kòe nn̄g-saⁿ-nî chu (chheh), hit-ê sî-chūn in lāu-pē tòe lâng kòe-hoan khì Sin-ka-pho chò sió-pún seng-lí. 10 hōe hit-nî, i ôan-á tòe lāu-pē khì Hoan-pêng, tī hia tha̍k-ôan sió-ha̍k. Kàu-kah 15 hōe hit-1-nî, hit-sî ê Sin-ka-pho **Tiong-hôa Chóng-siong-hōe** chú-se̍k chàn-chō· i tò-tńg-khì Tiong-kok Lâm-kiaⁿ **Kì-lâm O̍h-tn̂g** ha̍k-si̍p. 1911 nî, Lí Kong-chiân khó-ji̍p Pak-kiaⁿ **Chheng-hôa O̍h-tn̂g**, lō·-bóe iū-koh chóan-ha̍k khì Tông-san (唐山) **Lō·-khòng Choan-bûn O̍h-tn̂g** (āu-lâi kiò-chò Kau-thong Tāi-ha̍k ). Bô-gî-gō· soah-lâi tú-tio̍h Tiong-kok hoat-seng Sin-hāi kek-bēng, o̍h-tn̂g thêng-khò. Ko·-put-jî-chiong, Lí Kong-chiân chôaⁿ tò-tńg-khì Sin-ka-pho, bô-lōa-kú i iū-koh khó-ji̍p Sin-ka-pho chèng-hú chhòng-pān ê **Chhek-liông Choan-kho Ha̍k-hāu**.\n\nKeng-siong\n----------\n\nChiâⁿ-lâng liáu-āu, Lí Kong-chiân hōaⁿ-tiāⁿ sìn-sim, kiâⁿ-ji̍p seng-lí lō·. Lí Kong-chiân chò seng-lí ū 1-ê phiat-pō·, to̍h-sī bān-hāng tāi-chì kah lâng po̍ah-sìn-iōng, i chhòng-li̍p ê **Lâm-ek Chhiū-leng Kong-sī** (南益树胶公司), keng-le̍k kòe **sè-kài keng-chè gûi-ki** kah kāng hâng-gia̍p chi-kan kek-lia̍t ê kèng-cheng, iu-gôan tn̂g-kî Ōng-phà-phà. I ê seng-lí ná chò ná tōa, kong-si chin kín to̍h hoat-tián chiaⁿ-chòe Tang-lâm-a it-lia̍p-it ê tōa-hêng khì-gia̍p, keng-êng ê hōan-ûi chú-iàu pau-koat **chhiūⁿ-ni hn̂g, chhiūⁿ-ni ka-kang-chhiúⁿ, ông-lâi hng, ông-lâi ka-kang-chhiúⁿ**. Che í-āu, Lí Kong-chiân mā chiâⁿ-chò sòa Tân Kah-kiⁿ chi-āu ê **chhiūⁿ-leng tāi-ông** (橡胶大王), **Hôa-siong siú-hù kah chhōa-thâu-lâng**.\n\nKòng-hiàn\n---------\n\nLí Kong-chiân sī Tân Kah-kiⁿ ê kiáⁿ-sài. Kah i ê tiūⁿ-lâng kāng-khóan, Lí Kong-chiân mā-sî 1-ê jia̍t-sim hû-tî kàu-io̍k sū-gia̍p ê seng-lí-lâng, chêng-āu tī kò·-hiong Lâm-oaⁿ-kōan khai-pān chin chōe ha̍k-hāu.","meta":{"title":"Lí Kong-chiân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2280,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2678}} -{"text":"Kelly Preston (2018)\n**Kelly Preston** (1962 nî 10 goe̍h 13 ji̍t – 2020 nî 7 goe̍h 12 ji̍t), pún-miâ **Kelly Kamalelehua Smith**, sī chi̍t ūi Bí-kok ê cha-bó͘ ián-oân kiam má-toh. I tī chhiau-kòe 60 phō iáⁿ-sī chok-phín tiong chhut-ián, pau-hâm *Mischief* (1985), *Twins* (1988), *Jerry Maguire* (1996), kap *For Love of the Game* (1999). I hām John Travolta tī 1991 nî kiat-hun. 2020 nî 7 goe̍h 12 ji̍t, khak-chín ni-gâm ê nn̄g nî āu, i tī Florida Clearwater ê chhù lāi kòe-sin, hiáng-nî 57 hòe.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Kelly Preston*** |\n\n* Official website\n* Kelly Preston tī Bāng-lō͘ Tiān-iáⁿ Chu-liāu-khò͘\n* Kelly Preston at AllMovie\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 2661619\n* LCCN: no99044061\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 8350 8096\n* GND: 142296864\n* SUDOC: 167558153\n* BNF: cb13943493m (data)\n* BIBSYS: 1060760\n* NLA: 40033932\n* NKC: xx0040652\n* BNE: XX1066848\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kelly Preston","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[334,790,0.42278481012658226],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1093}} -{"text":"tóng-àn:Tân Ka-kiⁿ.jpg\n**Tân Ka-kiⁿ** (陳嘉庚, pún-lâi ê miâ sī **Tân Kah-kiⁿ** 陳甲庚 Tan Kah Kee, 1874 nî 10 go̍eh 21 hō chhut-sì, 1961 nî 8 go̍eh 12 hō koè-sin), chó·-ke Hok-kiàn Tâng-oaⁿ-kōan Chi̍p-bí-chhng. 17 hòe ê sî-chūn, Tân Ka-kiⁿ kòe-hoan khì Sin-ka-pho, tī in lāu-pē Tan Ki-pek keng-êng ê bí-tiám-á o̍h chò seng-lí. 1904 nî, chhù-lāi seng-lí pāi, Tan Ka-kiⁿ taⁿ-khí tiông-sin chín-chok ka-gia̍p ê tàⁿ-thâu, i tiû-pī chu-kim, khui ōng-lâi chhiúⁿ ( chhiáng ) kah chhiū-liⁿ hn̂g, tiōng-tiám hoat-tián chhiū-liⁿ kang-gia̍p kah hái-ūn hâng-gia̍p. I ê kut-la̍t phah-piàⁿ, tī āu--lâi tit-tio̍h hù-kùi. 1925 nî Tan Kah-kiⁿ ê chu-sán chhiau-kòe 1200-bân ( Sin-pē ?? Bí-gôan?? Tiong-kok chóa-jī?? ), piàn-sîng chá-kî Tang-lâm-a siā-hōe kang-siong-kài ê niá-thâu-lâng.\n\nŌan-chō· kàu-io̍k sū-gia̍p\n--------------------------\n\nĒ-mn̂g Toā-o̍h Tân Ka-kiⁿ siōng\nTân Ka-kiⁿ sian-siⁿ tī-leh phah-piàⁿ sū-gia̍p ê tông-sî, chek-ke̍k thui-tōng kah thê-chhiòng kok-bîn kàu-io̍k. Ūi-tio̍h beh pôe-ióng ē-1-tāi, i hē-lāt khui o̍h-tn̂g (ha̍k-hāu), hoat-tián kàu-io̍k sū-gia̍p. Tī Sin-ka-pho, ùi 1907 nî kàu-kah 1947 nî, lóng-chóng 40 nî ê lāi, Tan Ka-kiⁿ châiⁿ-āu kiân-tì Tō-lâm, Ài-tông, Chiông-hok, Chiông-pún 4-keng sió-ha̍k, Hôa-kiâu tiong-ha̍k, Lâm-iûⁿ su-hoān kah Hôa-kiâu lú-chú tiong-ha̍k téng-téng ha̍k-hàu. Tân Ka-kiⁿ ê kàu-io̍k kòng-hiàn chú-iàu Tī Bân-lâm, 1913 nî kàu 1920 nî, i tī ka-hiong Tâng-oaⁿ Chi̍p-bí chêng-āu khai-pān 1-keng sòa 1-keng ê o̍h-tn̂g, āu--lâi thóng-chheng \"Chi̍p-bí Ha̍k-chhun \"(hiān-chú-sî, kàu-ha̍k ê kui-bô· pau-hâm sió-ha̍k, tiong-ha̍k kah tāi-ha̍k). Che-í-gōa, Tan Kah-kiⁿ sian-seⁿ iū-koh tī 1921 nî tiàm Ē-mn̂g tó khai-pān chhut-miâ ê Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k. Tan--sian-siⁿ tùi Hā-tāi ê ti̍t-chia̍p châi-bū chi-oân ū kah 16 nî hiah-nī kú. \n\nSui-liân, Tan Ka-kiⁿ ê khì-kia̍p tī 1930 nî liáu-āu kiâⁿ-kàu bóe-lō·, m̄-koh i hit-chióng \"kheng-ka heng-ha̍k, li̍p-chì ūi kiáⁿ-sun hiō-tāi \"ê cheng-sîn ē éng-góan hō· chôan sè-kài ê lâng o-ló kah kìng-tiōng.\n\nŌan-chō· Tiong-kok khòng-ji̍t chiàn-cheng\n-----------------------------------------\n\nTû-liáu thê-chhiòng kàu-io̍k í-gōa, Tân Kah-kiⁿ sian-siⁿ iū-koh chek-ke̍k chham-ka siā-hōe kái-chìn, chhut-la̍t kái-siān tn̂g-lâng siā-hōe (唐人社会) ê chó·-chit kah chok-hong, thê-chiông siā-hōe chû-siān sū-gia̍p. Tiong-kok khòng-ji̍t chiàn-cheng hit-chūn, Tân--sian-siⁿ sì-kòe cháu-chông, kiò kòng-tāi hoan-pêng tn̂g-lâng khiā chhut-lâi kā Tiong-kok tàu-saⁿ-kāng, chhut-chîⁿ kah chhut-la̍t kā Tiong-kok kun-tūi kah jîn-bîn daù-kha-chhiú.\n\nKòe-sin\n-------\n\nChi̍p-bí\n1961 nî 8 go̍eh 12 hō, Tân Kah-kiⁿ lāu sian-siⁿ tī Pak-kiaⁿ 1-keng peⁿ-īⁿ ( i-kóan ) kòe-sin , hòe-siū 87 hòe. Kòe-sin liáu-āu, tng-sî ê Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok chèng-hú tài-liām Tân Kah-keⁿ kui-sì-lâng ūi Tiong-hôa bîn-cho̍k hù-chhut ê úi-tāi kòng-hiān, chuan-kang iōng \"kok-chòng \"ê lé-sò· ūi i tsut-suaⁿ, kah Tân kah-kiê ê sīn-khu ūn tńg-lái i ê chó·-ke Hok-kiàn Tâng-oaⁿ Chi̍p-bí, tâi tī chhut-miâ ê hong-kèng khu Kah-kiⁿ kong-hn̂g lâi-té.","meta":{"title":"Tân Kah-kiⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2848,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3348}} -{"text":"**Khí-hōaⁿ-iām** (*gingivitis*) he̍k **khí-gîn-iām** sī chhùi-khiuⁿ ōe-seng chò-liáu bô-hó tì-sú chhùi-khí sì-chiu ê khí-hōaⁿ hoat-iām. Chit-ê hoat-iām ê chêng-hêng sī ē siau-sit--ê, chí-iàu chhùi-khiuⁿ ōe-seng chò hō· hó-sè. Sú-iōng khí-bín lù chhùi-khí, kap sú-iōng khí-sòaⁿ chheng khí-phāng, sī ûi-hō· chhùi-khiuⁿ ōe-seng siāng-hó ê hoat-tō·.\n\n### Goân-in\n\nKhí-hōaⁿ-iām siang-chāi sī chhùi-khí sè-liáu bô chheng-khì só· ín-khí. Chhùi-khí nā sé bô chiâu-choân, khí-khún-pan lia̍p-chek, kiat-kó chhì-khek khí-hōaⁿ. Khí-khún-pan ê sè-khún kap i sán-seng ê to̍k-sò· (*toxin*) ín-khí khí-hōaⁿ chéng-tōa, hoeh-sio̍h-sûn-khoân chēng-ka, sek-chúi piàn âng, téng-téng hoat-iām ê chèng-thâu. Khí-hōaⁿ-iām mā-ū-khó-lêng hō· kòe-tō· lù-chhùi-khí he̍k sú-iōng khí-sòaⁿ bô sè-jī lâi ín-khí. Thn̂g-jiō-pēⁿ (*diabetes mellitus*) khòng-chè liáu bô-hó kap cha-bó-lâng ū-sin (*pregnancy*) ho-lu-bong sit-tiâu ē sú-tit khí-hōaⁿ piàn bín-kám, kēng-ka gâu hoat-iām. Chheng-chhun-kî (*puberty*) ê ho-lu-bong kái-piàn mā-ē hō·-lâng khah-gâu-ū khí-hōaⁿ-iām. Chhùi-khí pâi-lia̍t bô-chiàⁿ, thiⁿ-pó·-bu̍t chho·-chhò ê pian-iân, bô-ha̍h-su he̍k bô chheng-khì ê ké-chhùi-khí lóng-ē chēng-ka khí-hōaⁿ-iām ê hûi-hiám. Phenytoin kap pia̍h-ūn-io̍h (*birth control pills*), mā-ē ín-khí khí-hōaⁿ chéng-tōa.\n\n### Chèng-chōng\n\nKhí-hōaⁿ-iām ê chèng-chōng pau-koah ū:\n\n* Khí-hōaⁿ chéng-tōa\n* Chhùi-pòa\n* Khí-hōaⁿ hoán chhim-âng\n* Khí-hōaⁿ kim-ku̍t\n* Khí-hōaⁿ bong--tio̍h ē thiàⁿ, bô bong bē thiàⁿ.\n* Khí-hōaⁿ gâu lâu-hoeh, liân kheng-kheng sé-chhùi mā-ē.\n\n### Ī-hông\n\nKhí-hōaⁿ-iām ē-tit thàu-kòe ta̍k-kang ê chhùi-khiuⁿ ōe-seng khang-khòe lâi ī-hông, pau-koah lù-chhùi-khí kap sú-iōng khí-sòaⁿ.\n\n### Tī-liâu\n\nGê-i-su ē thè lí sé-chhùi-khí chheng-tû khí-tái kap chheng-kiat khí-hōaⁿ, put-jî-kò, kò-jîn ta̍k-kang ê chhùi-khiuⁿ ōe-seng khang-khòe chò-ū hó-sè chiah-sī tiōng-tiám, chiah ē-tàng ī-hông khí-hōaⁿ-iām ê koh-hoat-seng. Ū sa̍t-khún he̍k e̍k-khún kong-hāu ê lo̍k-chhùi-chúi kan-taⁿ kiàn-gī tī te̍k-sû ê chōng-khóng chi-hā té-chiām kî-kan lâi sú-iōng, bô kiàn-gī pêng-siông-sî--á lâi tn̂g-kî sú-iōng.","meta":{"title":"Khí-hoāⁿ-iām","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[183,2109,0.08677098150782361],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2416}} -{"text":"Khí-lông\n\n \n\n**Khí-lông** he̍k **khí-thò**, chèng-sek miâ-chheng sī **kò·-tēng kio̍k-pō· ké-chhùi-khí** (*fixed partial denture*), sī khí-kho-i siat-kè kap khí-bô· ki-su̍t-goân chè-chō ê ké-chhùi-khí. Chit-má koh-ū CAD-CAM ki-hâi ē-tàng chò khí-lông. \n\nKhí-lông ē-sái sī kui-ki kim-sio̍k ê, kim-siok sio hûi-á ê (*porcelain fused to metal, PFM*), he̍k kui-ki hûi-á ê. Kim-sio̍k ē-saí sī kùi kim-sio̍k (*noble metal*) he̍k ki-té kim-sio̍k (*base metal*); kùi kim-sio̍k hâm-ū n̂g-kim, pe̍h-kim, kap pa-kim (*palladium*); ki-té kim-sio̍k chú-iàu sī ni-ke-luh (*nickel*) kap chromium. Kùi kim-sio̍k the̍h-kiong khah-hó ê chū-chō (*casting*) cheng-bi̍t-tō·, kah hûi-á ê kiān-kiat (*bonding*) mā khah-hó; bô-hâm ni-ke-luh, bē ín-khí in-ūi ni-ke-luh ê kòe-bín-hoán-èng. Kui-ki hûi-á ê khí-lông ē-sái sī feldspar hûi-á, lithium disilicate, a-lu-mi hûi-á, he̍k zirconia. Kui-ki lóng hûi-á ê khí-lông tī kiông-tō· chit hong-bīn khah-bô kàu, kah ū kim-sio̍k chò-té--ê bē-pí--chit, m̄-koh khah bí-koan hó-khòaⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Khí-lông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,951,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1118}} -{"text":"**Hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t** (*fluoride*) kap chiù-khí ê koan-hē tī 20 sè-kì khah-chá ê sî chiah hō· lâng hoat-hiān, āu--lâi chiok-chē liû-hêng-pēⁿ-ha̍k ê gián-kiù chèng-si̍t hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t tī ī-hông chiù-khí ê hāu-kó.\n\nChok-iōng ki-choán\n------------------\n\nChèng-khak ê chok-iōng ki-choán iah m̄-chai-iáⁿ; i khó-lêng sī thàu-kòe éng-hióng khí-iū-chit ê kiat-kàu, kái-piàn chhùi-khí ê hêng-thāi, kap ek-chè khí-khún-pan chit 3-chióng hoat-tō· lâi ī-hông chiù-khí.\n\n### Hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t kap khí-iū-chit\n\nKhí-iū-chit chú-iàu iû calcium hydroxyapatite, (Ca5[(PO4)3OH]) chit-chióng chiⁿ-thé lâi cho·-sêng, i nā tú-tio̍h hu̍t chiâⁿ gâu thoat-li̍h chhut *hydroxyl group*, chôaⁿ piàn-sêng calcium fluoroapatite, ( Ca5[(PO4)3F]). Hydroxyapatitite pí fluorapatitite khah iông-ì iông-kái tī sng. \n\nHu̍t-hòa-bu̍t ē pang-chàn khí-iū-chit ê koh-kài-hòa (*recalcification*); khí-iū-chit tú-tio̍h sng ē thoat-kài-hòa (*decalcification*), jiân-āu tī chhùi-nōa tiong koh-kài-hòa, 1-lâi-1-khì chi-kan nā thoat-kài-hòa khah-chē tio̍h chiù-khí, nā koh-kài-hòa khah-chē tio̍h-bē chiù-khí.\n\n### Hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t kap chhùi-khí hêng-thāi\n\nChhùi-khí hoat-io̍k ê sî-kî só· chiah ê hu̍t ē sió-kóa kái-piàn khí-koan ê hêng-thāi, pí-jû khah khoah ê sió-khut-á kap li̍h-phāng, khah-bô hiah chiam ê kā-thâu. Án-ne ē kiám-chió sió-khut-á kap li̍h-phāng ê chiù-khí.\n\n### Hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t kap khí-khún-pan\n\nSi̍t-giām hián-sī hu̍t tùi khí-khún-pan ū 2-chióng chok-iōng, ap-chè khí-khún-pan ê hêng-sêng kap kàng-kē khí-khún-pan lāi-té kàⁿ-sò· ê chok-iōng. Hu̍t kàng-kē chhùi-nōa ê nńg-pe̍h-chit tîm-chek tī chhùi-khí piáu-bīn ê ki-hōe, in-chhú kiám-chió pellicle ê hêng-sêng, ah pellicle sī khí-khún-pan hêng-sêng chho·-kî só· su-iàu ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ. \nKēng-ka hō· lâng ū hèng-chhù--ê sī hu̍t tī khí-khún-pan ê thn̂g-hun-kái (*glycolysis*) ê éng-hióng. Koân lông-tō· ê hu̍t ē-tit kiám-chió khí-khún-pan lâi sán-seng sng.\n\nHu̍t ê io̍h-bu̍t tōng-le̍k-ha̍k (*pharmacokinetics of fluoride*)\n----------------------------------------------------------------\n\nSin-thé tùi fluorine ê khip-siu lâi-chū ím-chúi, chia̍h-mi̍h, kap khong-khì. M̄-koh chú-iàu sī ùi ūi-tn̂g khip-siu, khip-siu 1-tiám-cheng liáu-āu to̍h ta̍t-kàu hoeh-tiong siāng-koân ê lông-tō·, 3chì 6-tiam-cheng chi-lāi hoeh-tiong lông-tō· tio̍h tńg-lâi chèng-siông ê lông-tō·. Tāi-iok 50-pha ê khip-siu ê fluorine tī 24-tiám-cheng chi-lāi ē ùi phàng-jiō, lâu-kōaⁿ, kap tōa-piān pâi-chhut. Lâu-tī sin-thé ê fluorine 99-pha chìn-ji̍p kài-hòa ê cho·-chit, chhùi-khí nā iàu-teh hoat-io̍k fluorine mā-ē chìn-ji̍p chhùi-khí kò·-chō tiong. Fluorine ē hō· thai-pôaⁿ (*placenta*) pō·-hūn chó·-tóng--khí-lâi, in-chhú thàu-kòe bô-thé chiah ê fluorine beh-lâi ka-kiông gín-á ê chhùi-khí ê hāu-kó pēng-bô khak-tēng.\n\nHu̍t-hòa-bu̍t si-ú\n------------------\n\nHu̍t-hòa-bu̍t si-ú ēt-tit hē-thóng-sèng chioh lim-chúi, gû-leng, si̍t-iâm thiam-ka hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t, hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t ê io̍h-oân-á, io̍h-chúi, he̍k-chiá-sī kio̍k-pō·-sèng chioh hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t iông-sio̍h, hu̍t-chhat (*varnish*), khí-ko, lo̍k-chhùi-chúi lâi oân-sêng.\n\n### Ím-chúi-ka-hu̍t (water fluoridation)\n\nÍm-iōng-chúi ka hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t tùi ī-hông chiù-khí ê kong-hāu sī kong-jīn ê sū-si̍t, ia̍h-sī siāng séng-chîⁿ siāng ū-hāu ê hoat-tō·. \n\n### Hu̍t pó·-chhiong-che\n\nÍm-iōng-chúi bô ka hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t he̍k-chiá-sī hâm-hu̍t lông-tō· bô-kàu ê só·-chāi ē-sài--chhit thàu-kòe thun-chia̍h io̍h-oân-á, io̍h-che, he̍k-chiá-sī ka-kong-chia̍h-mi̍h lâi pó·-chhiong hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t, chhin-chhiūⁿ hu̍t-tēng (*tablet*), hu̍t-thn̂g-tēng (*lozeng*e), hu̍t-tih-che (*drop*), chhiūⁿ-ni-thn̂g-ka-hu̍t, vitamin-ka-hu̍t, iâm-ka-hu̍t, gû-leng-ka-hu̍t, mī-hún-ka-hu̍t, thn̂g-ka-hu̍t. \n\n### Hu̍t-ka\n\nLîm-chhn̂g choan-gia̍p sú-iōng ê hu̍t-ka í soan-hòa lîn-sng-hu̍t (*acidulated phosphate fluoride, APF*) siāng phó·-phiàn, hâm-hu̍t lông-tō· sī 1.23% (12,300 ppm), lēng-gōa koh-ū sodium fluoride (0.9% [9,000 ppm] fluoride). Ē-sài tiàm chhù--nih ka-tī sú-iōng ê hu̍t-ka hâm-hu̍t lông-tō· khah-kē, hó-pí-kóng hâm 1.1% (4,950 ppm) fluoride ê sodium fluoride, kap hâm 0.4% (960 ppm) ê stannous fluoride. \n\n### Hu̍t-iông-sio̍h\n\nHu̍t-iông-sio̍h sêng-hūn ū sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, he̍k soan-hòa lîn-sng-hu̍t, hu̍t ê lông-tō· sī 12,300 ppm. \n\n### Hu̍t-chhat\n\nHu̍t-chhat (*varnish*) ê sêng-hūn ū sodium fluoride, hu̍t lông-tō· 5% (22,600 ppm), chhiūⁿ Duraphat, Cavity Shield, Duraflor. Koh-ū difluorsilane, hâm hu̍t 0.1% (1,000 ppm), chhiūⁿ Fluor Protector. \n\n### Hâm-hu̍t-khí-ko\n\nHâm-hu̍t-khí-ko ê sêng-hūn tāi-to-sò· sī sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP), lông-tō· ài 0.1% (1,000 ppm) í-siōng. \n\n### Hâm-hu̍t-lo̍k-chhùi-chúi\n\nHâm hu̍t ê lo̍k-chhùi-chúi sī 1-chióng kán-tan, an-choân, sio̍k koh iông-ì hông chiap-siū ê hoat-tō·, it-poaⁿ phòe-ha̍p tī sú-iōng kòe hâm hu̍t ê khí-ko luh chhùi-khí liáu-āu chiah-koh sú-iōng, ī-hông chiù-khí hāu-kó ē-tit ta̍t-kàu 35%. In-ūi tī lo̍k-chhùi liáu-āu ài phùi--chhut-lâi, ūi-tio̍h phiah-bián siuⁿ sè-hàn ê gín-á thun-chia̍h, só·-í bô kiàn-gī sú-iōng tī 6-hòe í-hā ê gín-á. I-chiàu hâm hu̍t ê lông-tō· ē-sái kā hun-chòe 2-lūi : \n\n* Koân lông-tō· : hu̍t ê lông-tō· 905 ppm chó-iū, 1-lé-pài sú-iōng 1-pái tio̍h ē-ēng--ē.\n* Kē lông-tō· : hu̍t ê lông-tō· 226 ppm chó-iū, ài ta̍k-kang sú-iōng.\n\nHu̍t-hòa-bu̍t tī-liâu ê hù-chok-iōng\n------------------------------------\n\nTn̂g-kî koân lông-tō· ê fluoride khip-siu (chhiau-kòe 8 ppm) ē chō-sêng kut-thâu ê hu̍t-tiòng-to̍k (*skeletal fluorosis*), i-ê te̍k-cheng sī kut-thâu bi̍t-tō· chiáng-koân, iû-kî tī lêng-kut kap kut-phûn-kut, ham tn̂g-kut (*long bone*) kāu-tōa cheng-ka. Tī giâm-tiōng ê chêng-hêng chham jūn-tōa mā-ē hoat-seng kài-hòa. Hu̍t-tiòng-to̍k ê kut-thâu kiông-tō· piàn bài, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ē bô-tiuⁿ-tî kut-chek.\n\nKòe-liōng ê fluoride khip-siu mā-ē ín-khí chhùi-khí ê hu̍t-tiòng-to̍k (*dental fluorosis*), án-ne ē khòaⁿ-tio̍h chhùi-khí chhut-hiān pan-chōng-khí (*mottled tooth*) ê chêng-hêng, khah kheng-bî--ê sī chhùi-khí piáu-bīn ū pe̍h-pan, jiân-āu sī nā chiù-khang ê ka-pi-sek khám-khiat, siāng giâm-tiōng--ê sī kui-ki chhùi-khí ê hoat-io̍k-put-choân (*hypoplasia*). Fluoride ê khip-siu nā chhiau-kòe 2 p.p.m. tio̍h-ē hoat-seng pan-chōng-khí, in-ūi éng-kiú-khí ê mn̂g-khí kap kak-khí ê khí-koan tī 6-hòe chìn-chêng tio̍h hêng-sêng oân-choân, in-chhú 6-hòe chìn-chêng mài hō· gín-á tn̂g-kî thun-chia̍h kòe-liōng ê fluoride, tio̍h ē-tàng phiah-bián pan-chōng-khí ê hoat-seng. \n\nKo·-1-kái thun-chia̍h kòe-liōng ê fluoride ē-tit ín-khí kip-sèng ê hu̍t-tiòng-to̍k, it-poaⁿ lâi-kóng, hō·-lí-sí ê che-liōng (*CLD*, *certainly lethal dose*) sī 32~64 mg/kg, an-choân jím-siu che-liōng (*STD*, safely tolerated dose) sī 8~16 mg/kg, khó-lêng tiòng-to̍k che-liōng (*PTD*, *probably toxic dose*) sī 5mg/kg. Kip-sèng hu̍t-tiòng-to̍k ê te̍k-cheng sī beh-thò·, áu-thò·, phak-tó·-thiàⁿ, làu-sái. Ūi-tio̍h phiah-bián gín-á hu̍t-tiòng-to̍k, 6-hòe í-āu chiah ē-tàng sú-iōng hâm-hu̍t lo̍k-chhùi-chúi, 2~6-hòe--ê sú-iōng hâm-hu̍t khí-ko mā-tio̍h-ài tī tōa-lâng ê kàm-tho̍k chi-hā chiah ē-sài--chit. Siat-sú bô-sió-sim thun-chia̍h hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t, ē-tit ēng gû-leng he̍k hâm aluminium/magnesium ê chè-sng-chē (ūi-io̍h) lâi kiám-chió hu̍t ê khip-siu, ah-nā tōa-liōng thun-chia̍h tio̍h-ài sûi sàng-khí pēⁿ-īⁿ chhui-thò· kap chìn-1-pō· chhú-lí.\n\n \n\n\n**Chhùi-khiuⁿ pó-kiàn iōng-phín hâm-hu̍t-liōng kap kip-sèng hu̍t-tiòng-to̍k che-liōng ê pí-kàu (í 20 kong-kin ê gín-á chò-lē)**| Têng-tō· | 20 kong-kin ê gín-á kip-sèng tiòng-to̍k só· su-iàu ê chē-liōng | Sú-iōng 1000 ppm 200g ê khí-ko só· su-iàu ê sò·-liōng | Sú-iōng 0.2-pha NaF lo̍k-chhùi-chúi só· su-iàu ê sò·-liōng |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Hō·-lí-sí che-liōng (CLD, 32~64 mg/kg) | 640~1,280 mg | 3.2~6.4 tiâu | 710~1,420 ml |\n| An-choân jím-siū che-liōng (STD, 8~16 mg/kg) | 160~320 mg | 0.8~1.6 tiâu | 180~360 ml |\n| Khó-lêng tiòng-to̍k che-liōng (PTD, 5 mg/kg) | 100 mg | pòaⁿ-tiâu | 111 ml |\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\nSiā-khu bîn-chiòng sú-iōng gê-kho hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t chí-ín chhiú-chheh (ōe-seng i-lâu jîn-goân pán), Tiong-hôa bîn-kok jî-tông gê-kho i-ha̍k-hōe pian-chè, 2005 nî 3--goe̍h.","meta":{"title":"Khí-kho ê hu̍t-hoà-bu̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[693,7671,0.09034024247164646],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":9009}} -{"text":"**Oân-choân ê kin-kńg tī-liâu**\n**Kin-kńg tī-liâu** (hàn-jī: 根管治療, Eng-gí: *root canal treatment*) iū-koh kiò-chò **gê-chhóe-pēⁿ tī-liâu** (牙髓病治療, *pulp disease treatment*), he̍k-sī **khí-lāi tī-liâu** (齒內治療, endodontic treatment), it-poaⁿ lâng lóng kā chheng-hȯ chò **thiu-sîn-keng** (抽神經), sī chhùi-khí pēⁿ ê 1 khóan tī-liâu hong-sek, i chú-iàu pau-koah gê-chhóe chân-î cho·-chit ê î-tû chheng-chhòng (清創, *debridement*) kap kin-kńg ê chheng-kiat, khok-tōa (擴大, *enlargement*) hām tiân-pó͘ (填補, *obturation*), lâi pâi-tû sè-khún tī kin-kńg ê cheng-seng (增生, *proliferation*).\n\nSek-èng-chèng\n-------------\n\nSek-èng-chèng (適應症, *indications*): \n\n* Gê-chhóe hoat-iām bô-hoat-tō·hôe-ho̍k, kap/he̍k gê-kin chiu-ûi ū pēⁿ-chàu ê chêng-hêng.\n* Giâm-tiōng khoat-sún beh chò khí-lông (齒籠, *crown*) he̍k kò·-tēng kio̍k-pō· gī-khí (固定局部義齒, *fixed partial denture*) ê chhùi-khí.\n* Gê-chhóe oa̍h-sèng (牙髓活性, *pulp vitality*) ū hoâi-gî, iū-koh ài chò khí-lông he̍k-chiah kò·-tēng kio̍k-pō· gī-khí ê chhùi-khí.\n* Chò ho̍k-kài-sek gī-khí (覆蓋式義齒, *overdenture*) ê sî-chūn só· beh pó-liû ê chhùi-khí.\n\nKin-kńg tī-liâu ê pō·-chō·\n--------------------------\n\nFig.**Kin-kńg tī-liâu ê pō·-chō·**\n* **Ji̍p-kháu siu-hêng** (*access cavity preparation*)\n\nJi̍p-kháu siu-hêng ê bo̍k-tek chi-it sī beh î-tû gê-chhóe-khiuⁿ ê chân-î gê-chhóe, chi-jī sī hong-piān soah--lâi beh chìn-sêng ê kin-kńg siu-hêng. Ji̍p-kháu ê hêng-chōng ài chò kàu kin-kńg siu-hêng ê ke-si bē hō· ji̍p-kháu ê chhiûⁿ-piah oan-khiau--tio̍h, koh ē-sái ti̍t-chiap chhun kàu kin-kńg ê kin-chiam-toan saⁿ-hun-chi-it (*apical third of root canal*) chham tiong-kan saⁿ-hun-chi-it (*middle third of root canal*) sio-chiap ê só·-chāi. Ji̍p-kháu siu-hêng 3-ê pō·-chō· :\n\n* **Phah-khui gê-chhóe-khiuⁿ** (*opening chamber*)\n* **Î-tû gê-chhóe-khiuⁿ ê chhù-téng** (*removing the roof of the pulp chamber*)\n* **Chòe-āu oân-sêng ji̍p-kháu ê siu-hêng** (*completing the shape of the access cavity*)\n\n* **Kin-kńg ê chheng-chhòng kap siu-hêng** (*debridement and preparation of the root canal*)\n* **Kin-kńg thiâm-that** (*filling the root canal*)\n\nKin-kńg ê chheng-chhòng kap siu-hêng\n------------------------------------\n\nKin-kńg ê chheng-chhòng kap siu-hêng (*debridement and preparation of the root canal*) chú-iàu sī teh kóng lī-iōng kok-chióng kin-kńg ke-si kap hòa-ha̍k io̍h-bu̍t, lâi khì-tû kin-kńg hē-thóng lāi-té kám-jiám ê iú-ki-bu̍t kap bû-ki-bu̍t, koh tiau-sok chhut te̍k-tēng ê hêng-chōng, lâi ta̍t-kàu tì-bi̍t ê kin-kńg thiâm-that. Kin-kńg ê chheng-chhòng ē-tàng hun-chò 3 pō·-hūn:\n\n* **Ki-hâi-sèng ê chheng-chhòng**:\n\nChú-iàu lī-iōng kok-chióng kin-kńg ke-si, kì-tû kin-kńg hē-thóng lāi-té khó-lêng chhiok-chìn sè-khún seng-tióng kap ín-khí kin-chiam chō·-chit hoat-iām ê iú-hāi bu̍t-chit, pau-koah chiù-khí chō·-chit, chia̍h-mi̍h chân-liû-bu̍t, khí-chhóe-chio̍h (*pulp stone*), sè-khún, chân-liû ê khí-chhóe, siū tio̍h kám-jiám ê kin-kńg pia̍h-bīn, ù-jiám ê kin-kńg thiâm-that châi-liāu, téng-téng. Chú-iàu ke-si ū reamer, file, Ni-Ti rotary instrument, Gates-Glidden drill.\n\n* **Hòa-ha̍k-sèng sat-khún**:\n\nChiam-tùi bô-hoat-tō· sú-iōng kin-kńg ke-si chò chheng-chhòng ê sí-kak kap iú-ki-bu̍t, tio̍h lī-iōng hòa-ha̍k bu̍t-chit chò siau-tok sat-khún ê tōng-chok, chú-iàu sī sú-iōng Sodium hypochlorite solution, Calcium hydroxide, EDTA téng-téng.\n\n* **Chúi-liû chhiong-sé**:\n\nLī-iōng kin-kńg chhiong-sé-sio̍h chhiong-sé, kap chhiau-īm-pho ê acoustic chúi-liû, lâi kā kin-kńg lāi ê chân-liû-bu̍t chhiong-chhut.\n\n### Kin-kńg chheng-chhòng kap siu-hêng ê ki-hâi-sèng goân-chek\n\nKin-kù Dr. Hebert Schilder tī 1960 nî-tāi só· kiàn-li̍p ê goân-chek, lí-sióng ê kin-kńg siu-hêng èng-kai kū-pī í-hā 5-ê tiaû-kiāⁿ.\n\n* Tē-1. **Hêng-sêng 3-tō· khong-kan liân-soah chui-tō· ê laū-taú hêng-chōng:**\n\nSu-iōng kin-kńg ke-si kā kui-ê kin-kńg piaú-bīn chò oân-choân ê chheng-chhòng, siu-hêng chhut laū-taú ê hêng-chōng, án-ne ē-tàng cheng-ka kin-kńg chhiong-sé ê haū-lu̍t, sīm-chí chhiong-sé kaù hù-kin-kńg (*accessory canal*) lāi-té. Ah tī kin-kńg thiâm-that ê sî-chūn, thiâm-that ê ki-si chiah ē-tàng chāi kin-kńg lāi-té chū-iû î-tōng hoat-hui kong-lêng, hêng-sêng ǹg kin-chiam hong-hiòng ê thiâm-that le̍k-liōng, ta̍t-kaù tì-bi̍t ê thiâm-that kiat-kó. \nKin-kńg kin-chiam 3-hun-chi-1 só·-chāi ê siu-hêng, chhiat-bīn (*cross section*) ài pó-chhî îⁿ-hêng ê chōng-thāi; kin-kńg tiong-kan 1/3 kap khí-ām-kún 1/3 só·-chāi ê siu-hêng tio̍h-ài àn-chiaù khí-kin ê goā-hêng lâi chò, í bē phò-hāi chhùi-khí ê kiat-kò·, phiah-khui hûi-hiám khu-e̍k ûi goân-chek.\n\n* Tē-2. **Siu-hêng liáu-aū, kin-chiam só·-chāi ê chia̍t-bīn-chek ài pí koan-toan só·-chāi ê chia̍t-bīn-chek khah sè:**\n\nChit-tiám kah tē-1 tiám chha-put-to ê ì-sù.\n\n* Tē-3. **Pit-su-iaù tùi kin-kńg hē-thong ū oân-choân ê liáu-kái:**\n\nKin-kńg hē-thóng pēng-m̄-sī it-poaⁿ só·-siūⁿ--ê án-ne ti̍t-ti̍t ê khoáⁿ, ia̍h-m̄-sī chhiūⁿ 2-tō· khong-kan ê tiān-kong-phìⁿ só· hián-sī--ê án-ne hiah-nih kán-tan, kî-si̍t kin-kńg hē-thóng tio̍h-ná chham-chhiūⁿ chhiū-á ê chhiū-kin, ū chú-iaù--ê khah-toā ê kin-kńg, koh-ū hù-sio̍k--ê khah-iù ê hù-kin-kńg. \n\n* Tē-4.**Pó-chhî goân-lâi kin-chiam khui-kháu ê ūi-tì:**\n\nPó-chhî goân-lâi kin-chiam khui-kháu ê ūi-tì\nPó-chhî goân-lâi kin-kńg ê cháu-hióng, ē-tàng phiah-bián kin-chiam khui-kháu sán-sêng thó-îⁿ-hêng (*oval*) he̍k lūi-chu-hêng (*tear-shaped*) ê piàn-hêng. \n\n* Tē-5.**Pó-chhî goân-lâi kin-chiam khui-kháu ê tōa-sè:**\n\nPêng-kin lâi-kóng, goân-choân hoat-io̍k ê kin-chiam-khang tōa-sè sī 0.25 mm, in-chhú kiàn-gī tāi-pō·-hūn ê kin-chiam kin-kńg chí-iaù khok-toā kaù 25-hō tio̍h ē-sái.\n\n### Kin-kńg chheng-chhòng kap siu-hêng ê seng-bu̍t-sèng goân-chek\n\nKhí-goân-sèng (*odontogenic*) kin-chiam bah-gê-chéng (根尖肉芽腫; *apical granulma*), kin-chiam long-chéng (根尖囊腫; *radicular cyst*), kin-chiam lâng-chéng (根尖膿腫; *periradicular abscess*) ê goân-in sī kin-kńg lāi-té ê hoat-iām kám-jiám hāi-sí cho·-chit, só·-í nā-kā kin-kńg lāi-té ê piàn-sèng cho·-chit ti̍t-thaù chheng-tû, tio̍h ē-sái hō· kin-chiam goā-khaú ê pēⁿ-piàn hó-sè. Só·-í nā chun-siú ē-kha 3 tiám seng-bu̍t-sèng goân-chek, tio̍h ē-sái khak-pó kin-kńg tī-liaû ê sêng-kong-lu̍t kap tī-liâu koè-têng tiōng pēⁿ-hoān ê sóng-koài. \n\n* Tē-1. **Tiāⁿ-tio̍h pó-chhî kin-kńg ke-si kan-taⁿ tī kin-kńg lāi-té chok-iōng**:\n\nKin-kńg ke-si mài thóng-chhut kin-chiam-khang goā, mā mài khok-toā kin-chiam-khang he̍k kā piàn-hêng, bô, chiâⁿ-gaû chō-sêng kin-chiam cho·-chit hoat-iām.\n\n* Tē-2. **Chhian-bān m̄-thang kā kin-kńg lāi ê hoāi-sí cho·-chit thuh chhut-khì kin-kńg goā-khaú**:\n\nNā bô-sió-sim kā kin-kńg lāi-té ê hāi-sí cho·-chit sak-chhut kin-kńg goā-khaú, hoān-sè ē chō-sêng chèng-chōng thut-hoat (*flare-up*) he̍k su̍t-aū kin-chiam kip-sèng thiàⁿ-thàⁿ. \n\n* Tē-3. **Oân-choân khì-tû kin-kńg lāi ê cho·-chit** :\n\nTû-liaú kî-hâi-sèng chheng-chhòng í-goā, koh-ài phòe-ha̍p sú-iōng io̍h-chúi chhiong-sé, siōng-chiap sú-iōng--ê sī 5.25-pha ê sodium hypochlorite solution, i ē iôⁿ-kái bû-ki-bu̍t-chit; lī-iōng calcium hydroxide koân-kiⁿ-sèng (高鹼性) ê hydroxide ion lâi phò-hāi sè-khún sè-pau-mo̍h, ta̍t-kaù sat-khún ê haū-kó; lī-iōng EDTA khì-tû smear layer, kap nńg-hoà kài-hoà chó·-that ê só·-chāi.\n\nKin-kńg thiâm-that\n------------------\n\nKin-kńg tī-liâu chòe-āu ê 1-pō· sī thiâm-that chheng-chhòng khok-tōa siu-hêng liáu-āu ê kin-kńg khong-kan, í-bián chiâⁿ-chòe chhat-khut, phiah-bián sè-khún koh-chài chu-seng. Thiâm-that ê châi-liāu ē-sái hun-chòe 2-lūi, filler kap sealer. Filler bat iōng-kòe a-má-káng, gîn-chiam (*silver point*), tāi-chiam (*titanium point*), sok-ka chiam (*plastic point*), kap gutta percha, bok-chiân (2006 nî) piau-chún ê choh-hoat sī sú-iōng gutta-percha phòe-ha̍p sek-tòng ê sealer lâi thiâm-that. Gutta-percha phòe-ha̍p sealer thiâm-that ê ki-su̍t ū kúi-nā-chióng, chhan-chhiūⁿ sú-iōng kúi-nā-ki gutta percha point ê léng ê chhek-hong chiⁿ-ah (*cold lateral condensation*), un ê chhek-hong chiⁿ-ah (*warm*), kap sio ê sûi-tit chiⁿ-ah (*hot vertical condensation*); sú-iōng ko·-1-ki gutta percha point ê jiat thiâm-that (thermal compaction); hiān-tiûⁿ chè-chō ê gutta percha point (*custom made point*), sek-iōng tī kin-chiam khui-chhùi hêng-sêng bô oân-sêng ê kheh-suh (*open apex*).\n\nBô-oân-choân ê kin-kńg tī-liâu\n------------------------------\n\nFig: **Bô-oân-choân ê kin-kńg tī-liâu**\nKin-kńg tī-liâu èng-kai kā kin-kńg chheng hō· chheng-khì, kin-kńg ê hêng-thài siu-hêng hō· sek-tòng, hó-thang thiâm-that chiâu-choân. Gutta-percha sī tiān-kong khah thàng-bē-koè (*radiopaque*) ê châi-chit. It-poaⁿ lâi kóng, tī tiān-kong-tô· koân-téng èng-kai khoàⁿ tio̍h sek-tòng khoah-tō· kap tn̂g-tō· ê gutta -percha ê pe̍h-sek iáⁿ-siòng. Gutta-percha ài thiâm-that kàu kī-lî khí-kha-chiam 0~2 mm ê só·-chāi chiah-sī phiau-chún ê chò-hoat.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:Root canal*** |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nGê-khí kái-phòa-ha̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Beng-miâ-hoat | \n* Glossary of dentistry\n* Universal Numbering System\n\n |\n| |\n| Lâng ê chhùi-khí | \n* Éng-kiú-khí\n\t+ Mn̂g-khí\n\t+ Kak-khí\n\t+ Sió-āu-chan\n\t+ Āu-chan\n* Ni-khí\n\n |\n| |\n| Siōng-go̍k-kut ê chhùi-khí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mn̂g-khí | \n* Chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí\n* Lateral incisor\n* Canine\n\n |\n| |\n| Sió-āu-chan | \n* First premolar\n* Second premolar\n\n |\n| |\n| Āu-chan | \n* First molar\n* Second molar\n* Tē-3 tōa-kiū-khí\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Hā-go̍k-kut ê chhùi-khí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mn̂g-khí | \n* Central incisor\n* Lateral incisor\n* Canine\n\n |\n| |\n| Sió-āu-chan | \n* First premolar\n* Second premolar\n\n |\n| |\n| Āu-chan | \n* First molar\n* Second molar\n* Tē-3 tōa-kiū-khí\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Chhùi-khí ê kok-pō͘-hūn | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Crown | \n* Cusp\n\t+ Cusp of Carabelli\n* Zuckerkandl's tubercle\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Khí-chhoé\n* Kin-kńg tī-liâu\n\t+ Apical foramen\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Cementoenamel junction\n* Khí-iū-chit\n* Dental-enamel junction\n* Khí-pún-chit\n* Dental papilla\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Mamelon\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Dental alveolus\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kin-kńg tī-liâu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2218,9026,0.24573454464879238],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":11419}} -{"text":"\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n|  Chu-chúPek-ka |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Jû-ka |\n| |\n| Tō-ka |\n| |\n| Hoat-ka |\n| |\n| Be̍k-ka |\n| |\n| Bêng-ka |\n| |\n| Im-iông-ka |\n| |\n| Chhiòng-hêng-ka |\n| |\n| Cha̍p-ka |\n| |\n| Lông-ka |\n| |\n| Sió-soat-ka |\n| |\n| Peng-ka |\n| |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n |\n\n**Tō-ka** (道家), he̍k-chiá **Ló-Chong su-sióng** (老莊思想), sī Tiong-kok Chu-chú Pek-ka lāi tiōng-iàu ê su-sióng ha̍k-phài chi-it, tī Chhun-chhiu Chiàn-kok sî-tāi í Ló-chú kap Chong-chú chò tāi-piáu. Se Hàn chho͘-kî, Hàn Bûn-tè kap Hàn Kéng-tè í Tō-ka su-sióng tī-lí kok-ka, hō͘ jîn-bîn thang ùi Chîn-tiâu ê khok-chèng tiong hiu-ióng-seng-sek, le̍k-sú-siōng hō-chò Bûn-Kéng chi tì. Lo̍h-bóe, Jû-ka ha̍k-chiá Táng Tiōng-su hiòng Hàn Bú-tè thê-chhiòng \"to̍k chun Jû-su̍t\" (獨尊儒術) ê chèng-chhek, Tō-ka chiông-chhú chiâⁿ-chò hui-chú-liû ê su-sióng. Sòng-tiâu í-āu, Chu-chú-ha̍k heng-khí, to̍k-li̍p ê Tō-ka su-sióng ki-pún-siōng í-keng bô-chûn-chāi ah.\n\nTō-ka sui-jiân bô khì hō͘ koaⁿ-hong chhái-la̍p, tān-sī iu-goân kè-sio̍k tī Tiong-kok kó͘-chá su-sióng ê hoat-tián tiong, pān-ián tio̍h tiōng-iàu ê kak-sek. Gūi-Chìn hiân-ha̍k kap Sòng-Bêng lí-ha̍k lóng ke-kiám iông-ha̍p tio̍h Tō-ka su-sióng. Hu̍t-kàu thoân-ji̍p Tiong-kok liáu-āu, Siân-chong ê hoat-tián mā siū-tio̍h Tō-ka ê éng-hióng kap khé-hoat.","meta":{"title":"Tō-ka","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[124,1124,0.1103202846975089],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1656}} -{"text":"**Tō-hâng** (Eng-gí: navigation) thê-kiong ūi-tì ê chu-sìn hō· lâng, iā-sī-kóng chhia, chûn, hui-hêng-ki, oē-chheⁿ téng-téng ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ, hō· in ē-tàng chai-iáⁿ ka-tī tī-leh siáⁿ-mi̍h só·-chāi. Chai-iáⁿ ūi-tì liáu-āu, tio̍h ē-tàng koat-tēng sòa--lo̍h-lâi ài tùi tó-ūi kiâⁿ chiah ē-sái ta̍t-kàu bo̍k-te̍k-tē.\n\nChū kó·-chá í-lâi, jîn-lūi to̍h sú-ióng kok-chióng ê hong-hoat lâi khak-tēng ka-tī ê ūi-tì.\n\nTē-phiau tō-hâng\n----------------\n\nÀn-chiàu tē-bīn siōng ê te̍k-sû bo̍k-phiau, ē-tàng koat-tēng kā-tī ê ūi-tì. Pí-lūn-kóng, khòaⁿ-tio̍h bó· chi̍t-lia̍p soaⁿ-thâu, to̍h chai-iáⁿ í-keng lâi-kàu bó· chi̍t-ê só·-chāi. Che sī chin kó·-chá, mā chin kán-tan ê tō-hâng hong-sek.\n\nSió-hêng ê hui-hêng-ki mā ū lūi-sū ê hong-hoat. Hui-hêng-goân àn-chiàu tē-bīn ê thih-lō·, hô-chhoan, he̍k-chiá-sī kî-tha ê tē-siōng-bu̍t lâi hui-hêng. Kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t ê chhù-téng iû-chhat tōa-hêng ê jī-thé ah-sī hû-hō, hui-hêng-goân poe-kàu hia to̍h chai-iáⁿ kàu--ah. Che sī khah-chá Bí-kok kok-lāi hâng-kong iû-kiāⁿ ūn-sàng ê hong-hoat.\n\nThui-soàn tō-hâng\n-----------------\n\nThui-soàn tō-hâng(Eng-gí: Dead reckoning, DR) sī chin kó·-chá ê tō·-hâng hong-hoat. Iû ūn-tōng-ha̍k ē-sái chai-iáⁿ, ūi-tì, sok-tō· kap ka-sok-tō· ū bi̍t-chhiat ê koan-hē:\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\vec {v}}={\\frac {d{\\vec {p}}}{dt}},{\\vec {a}}={\\frac {d{\\vec {v}}}{dt}}}\n\nTī chia, {\\displaystyle {\\vec {p}}} sī ūi-tì, {\\displaystyle {\\vec {v}}} sī sok-tō·, {\\displaystyle {\\vec {a}}} sī ka-sok-tō·, {\\displaystyle t} sī sî-kan.\n\nSó·-í, chí-iàu chai-iáⁿ chi̍t-khai-sí ê ūi-tì (chhut-hoat ê tē-tiám), phòe-ha̍p ūn-tōng ê sok-tō·, khòaⁿ sī keng-kòe lōa-chē sî-kan, tio̍h ē-sái **thui-soàn** (kó·-kè) chhut bo̍k-chiân ê ūi-tì.\n\nThian-bûn tō-hâng\n-----------------\n\nThain-bûn (Eng-gí: celestial) tō-hâng mā sī chin kó·-chá to̍h ū ê tō-hâng hong-sek. Chú-iàu sī 15 sè-kí bóe-kî, Au-chiu ê Phû-tô-gê lâng só· hoat-tián--chhut-lâi-ê.\n\nKoan-chhat tiⁿ-téng ê thian-thé, pí-lūn-kóng ji̍t-thâu, go̍eh-niû, Bak-kek-chheⁿ, ah-sī kî-tha ê chheⁿ-chō, to̍h ē-sái tāi-khài chai-iáⁿ ka-tī ê hūi-tō·.\n\nBû-soàn-tian tō-hâng\n--------------------","meta":{"title":"Tō-hâng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2047,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2371}} -{"text":"**2009 nî liû-hêng-sèng kám-mō͘ (liû-kám) toā-liû-hêng** chí 2009 nî 4 goe̍h tī México hoat-hiān ê sin-hêng liû-hêng-sèng kám-mō͘ pēⁿ-to̍k. WHO tī hit nî 6 goe̍h 11 soan-pò͘ í-keng ha̍h toā-liû-hêng ê tēng-gī, kàu kah 7 goe̍h chhe in-ūi oe̍h--tio̍h ê jîn-sò͘ siuⁿ chē, tō bô koh-chài sûi-ê tui-chong.\n\n2010 nî 8 goe̍h, WHO soan-pò͘ sè-kài toā-liû-hêng kiat-sok. Tùi 2009 nî 6 goe̍h liáu-āu ê 1-tang lāi, ū 214-ê kok-ka hoat-kiàn pēⁿ-lē, chō-sêng thong sè-kài siōng-bô 18000 lâng sí-bông.\n\nPēⁿ-to̍k\n--------\n\nChit-ê pēⁿ-to̍k sī A hêng H1N1 liû-hêng-sèng kám-mō͘ ê sin ki-in chó͘-ha̍p. Thâu-khí-seng lia̍h-chò sī tan-sûn ê ti-liû-kám ê 1 chióng, só͘-í hō-chò \"ti-liû-kám\", mā in-ūi án-ne, ín-khí chi̍t-koá tē-hng khai-sí thâi ti-á, kìm chia̍h ti-bah. Chóng--sī āu--lâi hoat-kiàn chit ê pēⁿ-to̍k thàu-lām jîn-lûi liû-kám, khîm-liû-kám kap ti-liû-kám 3 chióng, kî-tiong ti-liû-kám pēⁿ-to̍k ê sêng-hun siāng chē. Ūi beh hām kùi-cheh-hêng (seasonal) ê A hêng H1N1 ū khu-pia̍t, jī-chhiáⁿ phiah-khui tùi ti-liû-kám ê gō͘-hoē, WHO āu--lâi chú-koat kā hō chò H1N1/09 toā-liû-hêng-sèng pēⁿ-to̍k (pandemic H1N1/09 virus). \n\nSin liû-kám pēⁿ-to̍k ê thoân-jiám-la̍t bē-su khah iâⁿ it-poaⁿ ê kùi-cheh-sèng liû-kám.\n\nLîm-chhn̂g piáu-hiān\n--------------------\n\nKap it-poâⁿ ê kùi-cheh-sèng liû-kám chha-put-to. Cheng-chha ūi-tn̂g ê chèng-thâu káⁿ-na khah chia̍p ū.\n\nChín-toān\n---------\n\nSiāng ē-khò-tit ê kiám-giām sī RT-PCR. Lîm-chhn̂g khah chia̍p iōng khoài-sok liû-hêng-sèng kám-mō͘ khòng-goân kiám-cha (rapid influenza antigen tests), he̍k-chiá sī khoàⁿ lîm-chhn̂g.\n\nTī-liâu\n-------\n\nBo̍k-chêng jīn-ûi oseltamivir, zanamivir ū-hāu. Lēng-goā thê-kiong chi-chhî-sèng ê liâu-hoat kap chiam-tùi pèng-hoat-chèng tī-liâu.\n\nŪ-hō͘\n-----\n\nTî-liáu México í-goā, tāng-chèng (serious cases) kap sí-bông-lu̍t kái-sêng kap kùi-cheh-sèng liû-kám beh kâng, phēng khîm-liû-kám kē.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Gilmour H, Hofmann N (2010). \"H1N1 vaccination\" (PDF). *Health Reports*. **21** (4): 63–9. PMID 21269013.","meta":{"title":"2009 nî liû-hêng-sèng kám-mō͘ toā-liû-hêng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[90,1882,0.04782146652497343],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2239}} -{"text":"A common Toothbrush\n\n**Khí-bín** (齒敏) sī the̍h-lâi sé-chhùi lù chhùi-khí ê ke-si. Tī kó·-chá, sè-kài kò-tē tio̍h-ū lâng the̍h chhūi-á ê iù-ki, pō· tī chhùi lâi lù chhùi-khí. Koh-ū the̍h baking soda he̍k chalk lâi tàu lù--ê. \n\nKīn-kù American Dental Association, tē-1 ki ê khí-bín sī hoat-hiān tī 1498 nî Tang-hong ê China, he sī sú-iōng ti-chiah ê chang-mo· tàu-tī tōng-bu̍t kut-ki chò--ê. Tī Se-hong, ài kàu tē-17 sè-kí chiah chhut-hiān ū khí-bín, kàu tē-19 sè-kí chiah tauh-tauh sî-kiâⁿ--khí-lâi. (Tī Au-chiu, Roma sî-tāi tio̍h-ū khai-sí sú-iōng chho·-pò· lù chhùi-khí ê kì-lo̍k). Tī 1938 nî, DuPont kong-si sú-iōng jîn-kang ha̍p-sêng ê châi-liāu, it-poaⁿ sī nylon, chhú-tāi tōng-bu̍t chang-mo· lâi chè-chō khí-bín. Tē-1 ki nylon chang-mo· ê khí-bīn tī 1938 nî, 2 goe̍h 24 khai-sí chiūⁿ-chhī hoàn-bē. \n\nTâu-1 ki tiān-tōng khí-bín miâ-kiò *Broxodent* sī Squibb Pharmaceutical tī 1959 nî American Dental Association ê 100-chiu-nî sî thui-chhut. \n\nSú-iōng khí-bín sî siang-chāi ē sūn-soah sú-iōng khí-ko, che chí-sī koàn-sì, m̄-sī it-tēng ài-ū. \n\nChòe-kīn siāng-sin hêng ê khí-bín sī im-pho khí-bín (*sonic toothbrush*)\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Footnote of History: The Toothbrush","meta":{"title":"Khí-bín","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[31,1145,0.027074235807860263],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1358}} -{"text":"**Hoat-lu̍t** sī lâng tī siā-hoē iah kok-ka lāi-té hō͘ lâng siūⁿ-chò tio̍h sūn-thàn ê ū hē-thóng ê kui-chek. Su-hoat kap kéng-chhat chip-hêng chiah-ê kui-chek, mā chhú-hoa̍t ûi-hoán hoat-lu̍t ê lâng, chhú-hoa̍t ê chhiú-lō͘ pí-lūn hoa̍t-kim iah koaiⁿ-kaⁿ téng-téng. Tī kó͘-chá sî-tāi, hoat-lu̍t sù-siông sī thâu-lâng só͘ chè-tēng--ê, lâi chè-hâng lâng tio̍h án-choáⁿ seng-hoa̍t, choh-sit kap chò seng-lí. Hiān-chhú-sî toā-to-sò͘ ê kok-ka--ni̍h, hoat-lu̍t sī li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘ lāi-bīn siū soán-kí--chhut-lâi ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t chè-tēng kap tâu-phiò thong-koè--ê khah chē.\n\nHoat-lu̍t ê kū-thé khoán-sek tō sī hoat-lu̍t tiâu-bûn (hoat-àn), i ê loē-iông pau-koat kéng-chhat, hoat-īⁿ kap chhú-hoa̍t ê hong-sek. Lu̍t-su sī gián-kiù kap ūi pī-kò piān-hō͘ ê choan-gia̍p jîn-oân.\n\nThàu-koè su-hoat ki-kò͘ kā hoat-lu̍t chip-hêng, thang chè-hān chèng-hú kan-taⁿ ē-tàng tī i kap jîn-bîn só͘ iok-sok ê hoān-ûi lāi sú-iōng koân-le̍k, che tō hō-chò \"hoat-tī\". Chèng-hú ê koân-le̍k chú-iàu siū hiàn-hoat ê sok-pok. Hoat-tī thang phiah-bián to̍k-chhâi, mā pó-hō͘ jîn-bîn ê koân-lī. Se-goân-chêng 350 nî Hi-lia̍p tiat-ha̍k-ka Aristotle bat siá-kóng: \"Hoat-tī khah hó-koè jīn-hô kò-jîn ê thóng-tī.\"\n\nBûn-hoà tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī chē-chē hoat-lu̍t goân-chek ê chú-iàu lâi-goân, chhin-chhiūⁿ ka-têng koan-liām, kap siā-hoē koàn-sì, lóng ē éng-hióng hoat-lu̍t ê kui-tēng. Lēng-goā tī chin chē kok-ka, chong-kàu kap chong-kàu chheh pí-lūn Vedas, Sèng-keng iah Koran mā bat sī hoat-lu̍t loē-iông iàu-kín ê lâi-goân.\n\nHoat-lu̍t ê lūi-hêng\n--------------------\n\nSêng-bûn-hoat kap bô-sêng-bûn-hoat\n----------------------------------\n\n**Sêng-bûn-hoat** sī tī taⁿ toā-to-sò͘ kok-ka só͘ sú-iōng ê su-hoat hē-thóng, i sī ēng kin-kì hiàn-hoat só͘ chè-tēng ê hoat-lu̍t tiâu-bûn, iah-sī chèng-hú kong-pó͘ ê kui-tēng, lâi chò ki-chhó͘. Sêng-bûn-hoat koh ū 1 ê pō͘-hūn, sī kin-kì koàn-sì ê hoat-lu̍t thêng-sū. Tī chhái-chhú sêng-bûn-hoat ê kok-ka lāi-té, hoat-koaⁿ it-poaⁿ-tek bô hiah toā ê koân, toā-pō͘-hūn ê hoat-lu̍t kap phoàⁿ-lē lóng sī kok-hoē gī-oân só͘ chò--ê.\n\n**Bô-sêng-bûn-hoat** sī ēng éng-koè hoat-koaⁿ só͘ phoàⁿ-koat ê kiat-kó chò ki-chhó͘ ê hēng-thóng. I ê goân-thâu tī England, koh taⁿ tī chē-chē Tāi-eng Tè-kok í-chá ê léng-thó͘ kap si̍t-bîn-tē mā ū chhái-iōng. (M̄-koh Scotland kap Quebec tō bô.) I kāng-sī mā sī Bí-kok siōng chú-iàu ê hoat-lu̍t hêng-sek, sui-bóng Bí-kok kok-hoē ū thong-koè chē-chē hoat-àn, m̄-koh ū koh khah chē ê hoat-lu̍t kui-tēng sī in-ūi í-chá hoat-têng ê phoàⁿ-koat.\n\nBô-sêng-bûn-hoat tī Tiong-sè-kí tō ū--a, goân-khí-thâu sī John Kok-ông hō͘ kùi-cho̍k kiông-pek chhiam-sú ê Tāi-hiàn-chiuⁿ.\n\nChong-kàu hoat-lu̍t\n-------------------\n\nChong-kàu hoat-lu̍t sī kin-kì chong-kàu sìn-gióng iah chong-kàu chheh ê hoat-lu̍t. Pí-lūn Iû-thài-kàu ê Halakha, Islam ê Sharia, kap Ki-tok-kàu ê Kàu-hoē-hoat. It-ti̍t kah 18 sè-kí, Sharia lóng iáu sī Islam sè-kài ê chú-iàu hoat-lu̍t hē-thóng. Tī chhin-chhiūⁿ Saud ê A-la-pek kap Iran, in kok kui-ê hoat-lu̍t hē-thóng ki-pún-tek tō sī chhú Sharia chò kin-té--ê.\n\nChong-kàu hoat-lu̍t tùi chi̍t-koá hui-chong-kàu hoat--ni̍h ê khin-choē tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ū chin khò͘-hêng ê chhú-hoa̍t, tùi hū-lú kap chió-sò͘ cho̍k-kûn ū khah put-lī.\n\nHoat-lu̍t ê le̍k-sú\n-------------------\n\nSu-hoat\n-------\n\nLi̍p-hoat\n---------\n\nHêng-chèng kap Kok-ka ê thâu-lâng\n---------------------------------\n\nSu-hoat hē-thóng ê ki-tha cho͘-sêng\n-----------------------------------","meta":{"title":"Hoat-lu̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,3191,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3858}} -{"text":"Iá-pek-ha̍p ha̍k-ūn (1990/3/18)\n**Iá-pek-ha̍p ha̍k-ūn** (野百合學運), iā hō-chò **saⁿ-goe̍h ha̍k-ūn** (三月學運), sī chi̍t tiûⁿ hoat-seng tī 1990 nî (3 goe̍h 16 chì 22 hō) ê Tâi-oân ha̍k-seng ūn-tōng. Tī chit pái ê ūn-tōng tiong, jîn-sò͘ siōng-chē ê sî-chūn ū chiong-kīn 6,000 ūi lâi-chū choân-kok kok-tē ê tāi-ha̍k-seng chham-ú. Ha̍k-ūn ê ūn-tōng chú-iàu sī tī Tiong-chèng Kì-liām-tn̂g (Chū-iû Kóng-tiûⁿ) chēng-chō piáu-ta̍t khòng-gī; in thê-chhut kái-sàn Kok-bîn Tāi-hōe, hòe-tû Lîm-sî Tiâu-khoán, chiau-khai kok-sī hōe-gī kap chèng-keng kái-kek sî-kan-pió (政經改革時間表) 4-tōa sò͘-kiû. Che m̄-nā sī Tâi-oân chiàn-āu í-lâi siōng-tōa ê chi̍t tiûⁿ ha̍k-seng ūn-tōng, tùi Tâi-oân ê bîn-chú chèng-tī hoat-tián ū siong-tong thêng-tō͘ ê éng-hióng. Chit chhù ha̍k-seng ūn-tōng lo̍h-bóe iû sî-jīm chóng-thóng Lí Teng-hui si̍t-hiān sêng-lo̍k lâi kiat-sok; pau-hâm chiau-khai kok-sī hōe-gī, hòe-tû Lîm-sî Tiâu-khoán, chiong-kiat bān-liân kok-hōe, hō͘ Tâi-oân bîn-chú chìn-ji̍p sin ê kai-toāⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Iá-pek-ha̍p ha̍k-ūn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,986,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1126}} -{"text":"**Hîm** sī 1988 nî Hoat-kok ê kàm-tok Jean-Jacques Annaud phah ê tiān-iáⁿ, loē-iông kin-kù Bí-kok chok-ka James Oliver Curwood ê 1 pún siáu-soat. Chit-chhut tiān-iáⁿ ê ián-oân, pāu-koat jîn-lūi chāi-lāi, lóng bô kah-jōa kóng-ōe. Khoàⁿ-·khí·lâi kan-ná sī chiâⁿ-sı̍t tī soaⁿ-nâ-lāi hoat-seng ê tāi-chì, khêng-sı̍t tōng-bu̍t ê ián-chhut sī khoaⁿ-khoaⁿ-á siat-kè kòe-·ê, hō͘ i ū gí-jîn-hòa ê ì-gī. Phah-phìⁿ ê tōe-tiám tī Bí-kok.\n\nKio̍k-chêng\n-----------\n\n***Sè-jī! Sòa--lo̍h-lâi ū kóng tio̍h kò·-sū ê ke̍k-chêng!***\n1-chiah hîm-bó chhōa i ê hîm-á-kiáⁿ teh chia̍h phang-bı̍t, bô-tiuⁿ-tî soah hō͘ soaⁿ-téng lak-·lo̍h·lâi ê tōa-chio̍h-thâu cheng-·sí. Hîm-á-kiáⁿ khì se̍k-sāi 1-chiah hō͘ la̍h-jîn phah-tio̍h-siong ê hîm-kang, 2-ê piàn-chò hó-pêng-iú. Hîm-kang kā io-chhī, pó-hō͘. La̍h-jîn bô phah-tio̍h hîm-kang, m̄-kam-goān, tńg-·khì chhōa káu koh lâi. Hîm-á-kiáⁿ hông lia̍h-·khì chhī 1-mî, keh-tńg-kang 1-ê la̍h-jîn bô-chah-chhèng khì tú-tio̍h hîm-kang, hîm-kang bô kā-·i, kan-taⁿ tùi i tōa-siaⁿ jiáng, kan-ná teh kā kà-sī. Chit-ê la̍h-jîn chin kám-sim, bô beh koh kā thâi, ta̍k-ke chio-chio-·leh tńg-·khì, hîm-á-kiáⁿ mā pàng-i-khì.\n\nTāu-tì-sek\n----------\n\n* Hîm-kang ōe chia̍h hîm-á-kiáⁿ.\n* Ián hîm-kang ê Bart sī Hollywood chhut-miâ ê tōng-bu̍t bêng-chhiⁿ, phah kòe chiâⁿ-chōe tiān-iáⁿ, 2001 nî khang-khòe ê sî kòe-sin. I sī 1 chiah Kodiak chong-hîm.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n*Hîm* teh IMDb","meta":{"title":"Hîm (tiān-iáⁿ)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[185,1357,0.1363301400147384],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1608}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Lêng-géng |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Lêng-géng-châng ê kóe-chí |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Sapindales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Sapindaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Dimocarpus* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***D. longan*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Dimocarpus longan***Lour. |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Lêng-géng** (**lêng-kéng**) sī chhut-sán tī tang-a ê kóe-chí. Tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ chham-tī thng, tiám-sim lāi-té. Lêng-géng seⁿ-chòe îⁿ-îⁿ. Ū chi̍t-têng kāu-kāu, sió-khóa tēng-tēng, chang-sek (ka-pi-sek) ê khak. Lêng-géng ê kóe-chí-bah pe̍h-pe̍h, nńg-nńg koh chúi-chúi. Lāi-té koh pau chi̍t-lia̍p o·-sek ê chí. Lêng-géng pha̍k-ta liáu piàn lêng-géng-koaⁿ. Lêng-géng-koaⁿ tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hông tòng-chòe pó͘-io̍h iá-sī hàn-io̍h ê io̍h-châi. Lêng-géng kap nāi-chi chha-put-to tâng-sî chhut.\n\nChām-gōa liân-kiat\n------------------\n\n* NutriBase Glossary: Fruits\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Dimocarpus longan*** |","meta":{"title":"Lêng-géng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[292,798,0.3659147869674185],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1167}} -{"text":"**Tō-kàu** (道教) sī Tiong-kok tē-2 tōa ê chong-kàu, mā sī to̍k-to̍k Tiong-kok chiah-ū--niā. Tō-kàu chú-tiuⁿ **chheng-chēng bû-ûi, tiông-seng put-ló, tit-tō sêng-sian**.\n\nTō-kàu ê le̍k-sú\n----------------\n\nTō-kàu gôan-î Sian-Chîn(先秦) sî-tāi ê Tō-ka su-sióng kah Chîn-Hàn sî-kî kài sî-kiâⁿ ê **sîn-sian hong-su̍t**. Tong-Hàn bo̍at-nî. **Tiuⁿ Tō-lêng**(張道陵) tī Sù-chhoan tē-khu chhòng-li̍p tē-it-ê Tō-kàu cho͘-chit **gō͘-táu-bí tō** (五斗米道). Āu--lâi, **Tiuⁿ Kak** (张角) iū-koh thê-chhiòng **thài-pêng-tō**, chhōa-thâu hoat-tōng **N̂g-kun khí-gī**. \n\nKàu-kah Lâm-pak-tiâu ê sî-tāi, hit-sî **liān-tan-su̍t** chin sî-kiâⁿ, Tō-kàu mā tit-tio̍h chin tōa ê hoat-tián. ū 1-ê hō-chò **Khò͘ Khiam-chi** (寇谦之) ê lâng tit-tio̍h **Pak-Gūi** (北魏) Thài-bú-tè ê chi-chhî, kiàn-li̍p **pak-thian-su tō** (北天师道), siâng-sî koh ū lēng-gōa 1-ê miâ-kiò **Lio̍k Siu-chēng** (陆修静) ê lâng chhòng-li̍p **lâm-thian-su tō** (南天师道). Kàu-kah Tông-tiâu ê sî-chūn, Tō-kàu í-keng hō͘ lâng chin tiōng-sī ah.\n\nKi-pún kàu-gī\n-------------\n\nTō-kàu chú-tiuⁿ **chheng-chēng bû-ûi**, iau-kiû siu-tō ê lâng to̍h-ài **siu-sin ióng-sèng**, tui-kiû **tit-tō sêng-sian**. Tō-kàu chông-pài ê sîn-sian, tōa-to-sò͘ sī Tiong-kok le̍k-sú siōng ê chin-jîn si̍t-sū, Tō-kàu mā ùi hu̍t-kàu hia khip-siu chin-chōe lí-lūn kah thôan-soat, koh jī-chhiáⁿ lóng-chóng kā tńg-chò Tiong-kok ê bûn-hòa. Tō-kàu ê Giâm-lô-ông, Phòaⁿ-koaⁿ, Liông-ông chia-ê sîn lóng-chóng ū i chin-si̍t ê sìⁿ-miâ, bîn-kan ê Tō-kàu óng-óng chiong bó͘-1-ê só͘-chāi ê chhut-miâ-lâng, **chheng-liâm ê ló-tia** (清官) a̍h-sī eng-hiông hōng-thāi chò sêng-hông a̍h-sī thó͘-tī-sîn, hō͘ in lâi chiap-siū sìn-tô͘ ê chham-pài.\n\nTō-kàu ê phài-pia̍t\n-------------------\n\nTō-kàu siāng chú-iàu ū 2-ê phài-hē : chôan-chin phài (全真派) kah chèng-it phài (正一派).\n\nTiōng-iàu ê keng-bûn, kó͘-chheh-tián\n------------------------------------\n\nTō-kàu sìn-hōng **Ló Chú** (老子) ê *Tō-tek-keng* (道德经) kah **Chong-chú** (庄子) ê **Lâm-hôa-keng** (南华经) chit-2-phō keng-chheh. Che í-gōa, Tō-kàu ôan-á ū hóng-chiàu hu̍t-kàu ê *Tāi-chōng-keng* (大藏经) chhòng-chō kā-kī ê *Tō-chōng* (道藏).\n\nTō-kàu ê éng-hiáng thêng-tō͘\n----------------------------\n\nTō-kàu tùi Tiong-kok thôan-thóng bûn-hòa ê éng-hiáng chiok-tōa chiok-tōa--ê, phì-jû-kóng Khì-kang, tō-ín (导引), chiam-kù (针灸) téng-téng. Ah chū-kó͘ í-lâi, tō-sū lóng hò͘ⁿ liān-tan, só͘-í in mā sī Tiong-kok kó͘-tāi siōng chá chhut-hiān ê **hòa-ha̍k-ka**, ū lâng teh ioh kóng, hóe-io̍h hòan-sè to̍h-sī tō-sū hoat-bêng--ê. Tō-kàu káng-kiù **chhut-sè**(出世) ê koan-liām, tú-tú-hó chham Jû-kàu (儒教) **ji̍p-sè** ê koan-liām tian-tò-péng, lēng-gōa Tō-kàu mā bô-chhiūⁿ Hu̍t-kàu ū hiah-nī chōe ê kài-lu̍t. Só͘-í, le̍k-sú siōng ū chin-chōe tī chèng-tôaⁿ sit-chì ê tì-se̍k-lâng kàu-bóe-á lóng **lo̍h Tō-kàu** (信道教). Mā in-ūi án-ne, Tō-kàu tùi Tiong-kok ê tiat-ha̍k, gē-su̍t kah bûn-ha̍k lóng éng-hiáng chin tōa.\n\nTō-kàu chham bîn-kan chong-kàu\n------------------------------\n\nTiong-kok ê bîn-kan chong-kàu tōa-to-sò͘ kah Tō-kàu ū khan-liân, put-jī-kò chià-ê bîn-kan chong-kàu lóng bô-thang tit-tio̍h Tiong-kok cheng-hú ê jīn-tông. Tiong-kok ê bîn-kan chong-kàu chú-iàu ū : Pe̍h-liân kàu, Pat-kòa kàu, Thài-pêng tō.\n\nTō-kàu ê jîn-bu̍t\n-----------------\n\n* Ló Chú (老子)\n* Koeh Siong (郭象)\n* Tiuⁿ Kak (张角)","meta":{"title":"Tō-kàu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[42,3013,0.013939595087952207],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3715}} -{"text":"\nKhí-kho ê **tńg-se̍h chhiat-siah kang-kū** (dental instruments) chú-iàu sī pau-koah bôa-chiam (*bur*), géng-bôa ke-si (*abrading tool*), kap thui-kim-châi (*polishing agent*) chit 3 lūi. Pau-hâm ê hōan-ûi chiâⁿ-khoah, ùi tan to-mê ê lak-chǹg (*twist drill*) kàu to to-mê ê chhiat-siah ê bôa-chiam, sīm-chì kúi 10 ê to-mê piàn-sêng bôa-iù ê kong-lêng ê bôa-chiam; ùi thoàⁿ-kǹg, o·-kǹg, chia siāng-chē sò·-cha̍p ê to-mê kàu soān-chio̍h bôa-chiam ū sǹg-bē-chheng ê soān-chio̍h khò-lia̍p, téng-î sī sǹg-bē-chheng ê to-mê, chhiat-siah ê lêng-le̍k tōa-tōa cheng-ka; tán-kàu thui-kim-châi, khò-lia̍p sò·-bo̍k kèng-ka put-khó-soàn, m̄-koh soah in-ūi khò-lia̍p ê sèng-chit kan-taⁿ ū phau-kng ê kong-lêng. Sui-bóng chia ê chē-chē ke-si ê gōa-piáu koh-iūⁿ, chhiat-siah kong-lêng chha-pia̍t chin-tōa, in lóng kāng-khoán ài thàu-kòe tńg-se̍h, pháng ê tōng-chok chiah ē-sái hoat-hui in kò-pia̍t ê kong-lêng. \n\nBôa-chiam ū kúi-nā-chióng hêng-sek ê chhiat-siah to-mê, ùi ko·-chi̍t-ê to-chhùi ê lak-chǹg-á kàu 2 ê, 3 ê, 6 ê, 12 ê sīm-chì 40 ê to-chhùi ê lia̍t-kau bôa-chiam (*fissured bur*). Bôa-chiam in-ūi chè-chō ê koan-hē ài hoán-sî-kè tńg-se̍h chiah-ū chhiat-siah ê kong-lêng. Bôa chiam it-poaⁿ sī iōng thòaⁿ-kǹg he̍k o·-kǹg chè-chō. \n\nGéng-bôa ke-si kah bôa-chiam bô-kâng, i ē-sái siang-ê hong-hiòng tńg-se̍h, lóng-ū chhiat-siah ê lêng-le̍k. Tī i ê chhiat-siah pō·-ūi ū liâm géng-bôa ê châi-liāu hó-pí sī soān-chio̍h, garnet, he̍k soa. Chia-ê géng-bôa khò-lia̍p chhùn-chhioh ē-sái tōa ē-sái sió, ē-sái tēng ē-sái nńg, khòaⁿ sī beh bôa ia̍h si beh phau-kng kian-ngē ê iù-hûi-á (*porcelain*), tô-chû (*ceramic*), khí-iū-chit, kim-sio̍k, he̍k khah nńg ê ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí, khí-pún-chit, chhiū-chí. Soān-chio̍h bôa-chio̍h, carborundum bôa-chio̍h, chhiū-ni géng-bôa lián-á, kap sandpaper disk sī chit-lūi ke-si siāng-chia̍p-khòaiⁿ ê lē.\n\nThui-kim-châi khah-chió iōng--tio̍h, sī bô seng liâm tī pèⁿ ê koân-téng ê chhiat-siah châi-liāu. In beh iōng ê sî-chūn chiah ùn-tâm pìⁿ-chiâⁿ thô·-moâi-chiuⁿ, jiân-āu boah tī phau-kng ê pò·-lián, chhéng-á, he̍k chhiū-ni-poe-au-á (*rubber cup*) lâi sú-iōng.\n\nBôa-chiam\n---------\n\nBôa-chiam ū to̍k-li̍p 1 phiⁿ.\n\nBôa-chiam ê ki-pún tô·-iūⁿ\nBôa-chiam it-poaⁿ the̍h-lâi chhia chhùi-khí, kim-sio̍k. \n\nÙi chhiat-siah hit thâu khòaⁿ, bôa-chiam ê to-mê sī beh hoán-sî-kè hong-hiòng lâi chhiat-siah mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Tiāⁿ-khoàiⁿ ê bôa-chiam khoán-sek ū ē-kha chit kúi-hāng (āu-bīn ê sò·-jī sī in ê pian-hō, sò·-jī jú-tōa thâu ê ti̍t-kèng jú-tōa):\n\n1. îⁿ-hêng bôa-chiam (*round burr*) (1/4-10)\n2. hoan-liàn-tńg îⁿ-chui-thé bôa-chiam (*inverted cone burr*) (31 1/4-44)\n3. pêⁿ-bīn ti̍t-hêng lia̍t-kau bôa-chiam (*plain straight fissure burr*) (551/2-62)\n4. hoâiⁿ-chhiat ti̍t-hêng lia̍t-kau bôa-chiam (*crosscut straight fissure burr*) (556-563)\n5. pêⁿ-bīn îⁿ-chui-thé lia̍t-kau bôa-chiam (*plain tapered fissure burr*) (69-73)\n6. hoâiⁿ-chhiat îⁿ-chui-thé lia̍t-kau bôa-chiam (*crosscut tapered fissure burr*) (699-703)\n7. chhia-lián-hêng bôa-chiam (*wheel burr*) (111/2-16)\n8. íⁿ-hêng bôa-chaim (*bud burr*) (441/2-51)\n9. lâi-á-hêng bôa-chiam (*pear burr*) (230-232)\n10. tn̂g-ko-îⁿ bôa-chiam (*oval burr*) (218-221)\n11. îⁿ-chui-thé bôa-chiam (*cone burr*) (221/2-33)\n12. hóe-iām-hêng bôa-chiam (*flame burr*) (242-246)\n\nSoān-chio̍h bôa-chio̍h\n----------------------\n\nSoān-chio̍h bôa-chio̍h\nSoān-chio̍h bôa-chio̍h it-poaⁿ the̍h-lâi chhia chhùi-khí, iù-hûi-á, tô-chû, kap ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí, siāng-hó mài ēng-lâi chhia kim-sio̍k, kap a-khuh-lih chhiū-chí. \n\nSoān-chio̍h bôa-chio̍h (*diamond stone*) sī kā kang-gia̍p soān-chio̍h liâm tī bôa-chiam ê thâu, thong-siông sī tàu tī ko-sok chhiú-ki leh sú-iōng, ū kok-chióng tōa-sè kap hêng-chōng, só· liâm ê soān-chio̍h ū hun chho·-iù. It-poaⁿ lâi-kóng in bô-èng-kai ēng lâi chhiat kim-sio̍k he̍k bô thiân-liāu ê ā-khú-lih chhiū-chí (*unfilled acrylic resin*); èng-kai ēng tī chhiat-siah chhùi-khí ê khí-chit, hûi-á (*porcelain*), kap ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí.\n\nAn-chong hó-sè ê bôa-chio̍h\n---------------------------\n\nAn-chong hó-sè ê bôa-chio̍h\nAn-chong hó-sè ê bôa-chio̍h (*mounted stone*) í-keng kā bôa-chio̍h tàu-sí tī pèⁿ téng-thâu. Bôa-chio̍h ê sêng-hūn siāng-chia̍p iōng ê sī silicon carbide (SiC) kap aluminum oxide (Al2O3), ah kā in kiat-ha̍p chò-hóe ê kiat-ha̍p-chè (*bonding agent*) sī po-lê (*vitreous*)he̍k tô-chû (*ceramic*). Silicon carbide chò ê bôa-chio̍h thong-siông sī chheⁿ-sek he̍k o·-sek, (siang-phín-miâ Carborundum stone tio̍h sī silicon carbide chò--ê). Aluminum oxide chò ê bôa-chio̍h tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī pe̍h-sek--ê. Àn-chiàu châi-chit ê bô-kâng, bôa-chio̍h sú-iōng tī bô-kâng chêng-hêng, chhin-chhiūⁿ tī ki-kang-sek sú-iōng lâi bôa chromium-cobalt alloy ê bôa-chio̍h tio̍h bē-sái the̍h-lâi ēng tī chhùi-lāi. \n\nIn ê hun-lūi bô piau-chún, lóng-sī ta̍k keng chhiúⁿ-siong ū in ka-tī ê hun-lūi hong-sek. \n\nIōng soān-chio̍h bôa-chio̍h kā bôa, chit-chióng bôa-chio̍h ê hêng-chōng ē-sái kái-piàn; he̍k-sī tun--khì ê mê-kak mā ē-sái bôa hō· lāi.\n\nBô tàu pèⁿ ê bôa-chio̍h\n-----------------------\n\nBô tàu pèⁿ ê bôa-chio̍h (*unmouted stone*) tī tiong-sim ū 1 khang, beh ēng ê sî-chūn chiah ēng lô͘-si kā só tī chhia-sim-koaⁿ (*mandrel*) téng-koân. \n\n### Bē hoat-sio ê bôa-chio̍h\n\nChe (*heatless stone*)sī hui-siông chho· ê bôa-chio̍h, chhiat-siah sok-tō· chiâⁿ kín, thong-siông the̍h-lâi bôa kim-sio̍k kap hûi-á. I ê kāu-tō· ùi 3/ 32\" kàu 3/ 16\"; ti̍t-kèng uì 1/ 2\" kàu 1\". Bôa ê sî-chūn ē sán-seng chiok-chē eng-ia, lóng ài tī hong-pì ê khong-kan sú-iōng. \n\n### Carborundum disk\n\nChe ē-tàng tī kī-kang-sek he̍k chín-só· sú-iōng, ē-sái bôa, ē-sái chhiat. I thong-siông sī po̍h-po̍h chi̍t-phìⁿ, ti̍t-kèng 7/8 inch, kāu 0.5-0.6 mm (0.022 inch). Ū chi̍t-ê khoán-sek sī 1-bīn chho·, 1-bīn iù, chiâⁿ hó-ēng. Sui-bóng i chiâⁿ chhè gâu phòa, m̄-koh bē-kùi.\n\n### Chhiau-po̍h ê hun-lî chhiat-phìⁿ\n\nChhiau-po̍h ê hun-lî chhiat-phìⁿ \nChe mā-sī carborundum disk, m̄-koh koh-khah po̍h, kan-taⁿ 0.25 mm (0.01 inch), ti̍t-kèng kāng-khoán 7/8 inch.\n\n### Hûi-á géng-bôa lián-á\n\nHûi-á géng-bôa lián-á (*porcelain grinding wheel*) sī hui-siông iù ê bôa-chio̍h, choan-bûn bôa hûi-á ê. Ti̍t-kèng 16 mm (5/8 inch), kāu 2 mm.\n\nChhiū-ni géng-bôa lián-á kap géng-bôa-lia̍p\n-------------------------------------------\n\nChhiū-ni géng-bôa-lia̍p, kim-sio̍k ēng\nChhiū-ni géng-bôa lián-á kap géng-bôa-lia̍p, iù-hûi-á ēng\nChhiū-ni géng-bôa lián-á kap géng-bôa-lia̍p (*rubber wheel and point*) ê kiat-ha̍p-chè sī chhiū-ni, it-poaⁿ lāi-bīn só· kiat-ha̍p ê géng-bôa sêng-hūn sī koh-iūⁿ tōa-sè ê aluminum oxide he̍k silica khò-lia̍p. In chú-iàu ê kong-lêng sī khì-tû chìn-chêng iōng khah-chho· ê bôa-chio̍h he̍k bôa-chiam chhiat-siah só· chō-sêng ê khah-chhim ê hûn-jiah, hō· khah pêⁿ-sūn iù-chíⁿ, sòa--lo̍h-lâi thang-hó phau-kng thui-kim. In ê kāu-tō· tāi-iok 1/16 inch kàu 1/8 inch (1.6 mm kàu 3.2 mm), ti̍t-kèng tāi-iok tī 3/8 inch kap 1 inch (9.5 mm kap 25.4 mm) chi-kan. Lián-á sī ēng-lâi bôa pêⁿ-bīn he̍k thok-bīn. Tī khah e̍h-sè ê só·-chāi chhiūⁿ hoat-io̍k-kau he̍k kî-thaⁿ lap-o-bīn tio̍h ēng géng-bôa-lia̍p he̍k khah sè-lia̍p piⁿ-á khah po̍h ê sè-lia̍p lián-á khì bôa. Mā ū chham soān-chio̍h-ìu-á ê chhiū-ni lián-á kap bôa-lia̍p-á.\n\nGéng-bôa-phìⁿ\n-------------\n\nChe sī chi̍t-chióng pí chhiūⁿ-nî lián-á koh-khah jiû-nńg ê géng-bôa-phìⁿ, thong-siông sī chóa-thâu, pò·-liāu, chhiū-chí, phôe-kek he̍k chit-kúi-chióng hùn-ha̍p ê châi-chit, tī téng-bīn liâm géng-bôa khò-lia̍p lâi chò-sêng. I ê tiong-sim ū khang, beh-ēng chiah tàu he̍k só tī chhia-sim-koaⁿ téng-thâu. Chhia-sim-koaⁿ ū iōng lô͘-si só--ê, mā ū iōng ti̍t-chiap chhi̍h-hō·-ân--ê (snap-on-type); lô͘-si só--ê kan-taⁿ ē-sái chi̍t-ê hong-hiòng tńg-se̍h. Géng-bôa-phìⁿ só· chham ê géng-bôa khò-lia̍p ū aluminum oxide, soān-chio̍h, kap silicon carbide; nā-sī chham emery, garnet, flint, cuttle, crocus, he̍k rouge tio̍h khah sek-ha̍p chò phau-kng ê sú-iōng.\n\nThui-kim-châi\n-------------\n\nThui-kim sī ké-chhùi-khí ê ki-pún iau-kiû, chho·-pê-pê ê piáu-bīn ē chō-sêng bô-sóng-khòai kap siong-hāi. Chū-thâu-kàu-bóe àn-chiàu chho·-iù, ùi chho·-si ê bôa-chio̍h kàu iù-si ê thui-kim-châi sūn-sī lâi géng-bôa sī tit-tio̍h kim-ku̍t kng-iāⁿ piáu-bīn ê mê-kak. Thui-kim-châi thong-siông sī hún-lia̍p he̍k kiat-chò kui-kak, beh ēng ê sî-chūn chiah ùn-chúi hō· tâm, boah tī pò·-phit-thâu chò ê lián-á, tàu tī chhia-chhn̂g lâi phau-kng.\n\nIân-sin ua̍t-tho̍k\n------------------\n\n* 歯科医学大辞典編集委員会, pian. (2001-01-20). *歯科医学大辞典縮刷版* (第1版第6刷 pán.). 東京都文京区: 医歯薬出版. ISBN 978-4-263-44010-0.  (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n* 榊原悠紀田郎 (2005-05-10). \"巌　真教　帝大医学部出身で歯科理工学の教授となった変わり種　歯科理工学の原理主義者\". *続歯記列伝* (第1版 pán.). 東京都文京区: クインテッセンス出版. pp. 42–44. ISBN 4874178529.  Unknown parameter `|ncid=` ignored (help) (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n* 中村正明; 武田昭二; 今井弘一; 大島浩; 川原大; 小杉博基; 橋本典也 (2000-01-20). 中村正明; 武田昭二, pian. *目で見る歯科理工学 -歯科領域と生体材料-* (第1版第4刷 pán.). 東京都文京区: 医歯薬出版. ISBN 4-263-45130-9.  (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* A Brief Guide on Dental Tools (Eng-gí)\n\ntemplate:Dentistry [en]\ntemplate:Medical instruments and implants [en]","meta":{"title":"Tńg-se̍h chhiat-siah kang-kū (khí-kho)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1536,8747,0.17560306390762548],"infobox":["
    Khí-kho ê tńg-se̍h chhiat-siah ke-si
    \n
    An-chong hó-sè ê bôa-chio̍h
    \n
    Siong-kuan
    ke-si    		\n
    • Soān-chio̍h bôa-chio̍h
    • Chhiau-po̍h ê hun-lî chhiat-phìⁿ
    • Chhiū-ni géng-bôa-lia̍p, kim-sio̍k ēng
    • Chhiū-ni géng-bôa lián-á kap géng-bôa-lia̍p, iù-hûi-á ēng
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":10059}} -{"text":"Kū-tâi-phiò 10-bān kho͘\n**Kū-tâi-phiò** (舊臺票), chèng-sek miâ-chheng sī **Tâi-pè Tūi-oāⁿ-koàn** (臺幣兌換券), sī Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Hêng-chèng-īⁿ tī 1946 nî siū-khoân úi-thok Tâi-oân Gîn-hâng tī Tâi-oân hoat-hêng ê gîn-phiò. Hit-tang-chūn siong-tùi Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê Tâi-oân Gîn-hâng-koàn sī \"sin-tâi-phiò\". Lo̍h-bóe tī 1949 nî 6 goe̍h 15 hō hoat-hêng Sin-tâi-phiò, só͘-í che chiū chiâⁿ-chò \"Kū-tâi-phiò\".\n\nTī tit-tio̍h chèng-sek siū-koân chìn-chêng, Tâi-oân Gîn-hâng tī 1946 nî 5 goe̍h 22 hō hoat-hêng Ku-tâi-phiò. Goân-chho͘ kan-na hoat-hêng 1 kho͘, 5 kho͘ kap 10 kho͘ ê gîn-phiò; 9 goe̍h 1 hō, hoat-hêng 50 kho͘ kap 100 kho͘ ê gîn-phiò; lo̍h-bóe koh in-ūi bu̍t-kè pho-tōng, hoat-hêng 500 kho͘ kap 1000 kho͘, sīm-chí kàu 1-bān kho͘ ê gîn-phiò; lēng-goā, sui-jiân bô chin-chiàⁿ hoat-hêng, tān-sī mā í-keng ìn-chè 100-bān ê gîn-phiò. Tī chìn-hêng pè-chè kái-kek liáu-āu, chiah ēng 4-bān oāⁿ 1 kho͘ ê hong-sek hoat-hêng Sin-tâi-phiò.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Tâi-oân Gîn-hâng-koàn\n* Sin-tâi-phiò","meta":{"title":"Kū-tâi-phiò","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[34,954,0.03563941299790356],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1118}} -{"text":"**Tân Ho̍k-chì** (陳復志; 1911 nî - 1947 nî) Sam-bîn-chú-gī Chheng-liân-thoân Ka-gī-hun-thoân chú-jīm. Khì Ka-gī Ki-tiûⁿ kóng-hô ê sî hōng lia̍h-khì, tī Ka-gī-chhī chhèng-sat.\n\nTân Ho̍k-chì, Ka-gī-chhī lâng, Ji̍t-pún ê Tāi-sêng Tiong-ha̍k chhut-giap āu, in-uī put-boán Ji̍t-pún thau cháu khì Tiong-kok, khó ji̍p khì Pó-teng Kun-hāu Kang-peng-kho. Tiong-Ji̍t chiàn-cheng chò káu tiong-hāu hù-thoân-tiúⁿ. Chiàn āu poàⁿ-soaⁿ--á Lí Iú-pang (李友邦) phài i lâi chò Sam-bîn-chu-gī Chheng-liân-thoân Ka-gī-hun-thoân chu-jīm. I lóng sī í *Tiong-kok kek-bēng kun-jîn* lâi chu-chheng, lóng sī chhēng Tiong-kok kun-ho̍k.\n\nJī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ hoat-seng liáu-āu, Ka-gī sêng-li̍p *Ka-gī Sam-jī chhú-lí Uî-goân-hoē* kap *Ka-gī Hông-uī Su-lēng-pō͘*, i hōng thui-sak chò chu-jīm-uî-goân kiam su-lēng. M̄-ko nn̄g kang liáu-āu i chiū bì-khì--lâi bô ko chhut-bīn. Kho-lêng sī hō͘ lâng kóng sī poàⁿ-soaⁿ--á, bô sek-ha̍p koh chò-loh--khì.\n\nKa-gī Chuí-siōng Ki-tiûⁿ kóng-hô ê sī, i hōng kiò khì chò tāi-piáu. 12 ê lâng khì hōng lia̍h khì 9 ê, i chiū án-ne lâi hi-seng.","meta":{"title":"Tân Ho̍k-chì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1019,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1179}} -{"text":"Heroin ê hòa-ha̍k kò͘-chō.\n**Heroin** (\"Óa-im: \"*he-ló-ìn*\"\"), hàn-jī-sek im-e̍k-gí **hái-lo̍k-in** (海洛因; -eng 英), chi̍t khoán sio̍k-jîn-oē sī \"**sì-hō-á**\", hòa-ha̍k-sek C21H23NO5, sī chi̍t chióng iōng mô͘-hui ha̍p-sêng ê lūi-a-phiàn (opioid) bâ-io̍h, ē-tàng chòe chí-thiàⁿ téng hāu-iōng, ū chin kôan ê ki-hōe hō͘ sú-iōng-chiá sán-seng giâm-tiōng ê i-lōa kap nāi-siū-sèng. Kìm-tn̄g chèng-chōng ū put-an, lâu-kōaⁿ, phái-phî-khì, ià-si̍t, kiuh-kin téng-téng.\n\nLiû-thong\n---------\n\nHeroin chit khoán io̍h-á tú tī 1900 nî-tāi chhut-hiān ê sî-chūn, sī hông tòng-chò chí-thiàⁿ sêng-io̍h (over-the-counter) teh bē--ê. Kin-á-ji̍t pún io̍h bô siaⁿ-mi̍h chèng-tong ê tī-liâu sú-iōng, sī Bí-kok ê tē-1 lūi (schedule 1, siāng koân kip) koán-chè ê io̍h-phín, kaⁿ-taⁿ tī lîm-chhn̂g ián-kiù téng-bīn ū ha̍p-hoat ê lī-ēng.\n\nSiū koán-chè ê tông-sî, i tī thong-sè-kài sī chi̍t hāng siā-hōe kap kiān-khong būn-tê.\n\nLī-iōng hong-sek\n----------------\n\nHeroin khah lân tùi siau-hòa-tō khip-siu, it-poaⁿ sú-iōng-chiá sī keng-kòe chēng-me̍h chù-siā (intravenous injection) ēng heroin; mā ū pat khoán hong-sek sī keng-kòe phôe-hā chù-siā (subcutaneous injection) he̍k-chiá sī kin-bah-lāi chù-siā (intramuscular injection). Lēng-gōa koh ū ēng phīⁿ-á suh, thàu hun lâi chia̍h téng khoán.\n\nGûi-hiám-sèng\n-------------\n\nLām-iōng heroin ê gûi-hiám-sèng, té-kî ê ū piān-pì, ài-khùn, phō-sim, áu-thò͘, hoán-èng bān, bô-hoat-tō͘ chi̍p-tiong, kap kòe-liōng sú-iōng; nā sī tn̂g-kî lâi kóng, ū i-chûn (addiction), chù-siā chō-sêng ê koaⁿ-iām, HIV téng pēⁿ-to̍k kám-jiám, sim-lāi-mo̍͘h-iām (Endocarditis) téng khoán sè-khún kám-jiám, siōng-hāi hòe-kńg téng khó-lêng.\n\nIn-ūi bí chi̍t kài chù-siā ê ēng-liōng bô kò͘-tēng, heroin kòe-liōng sú-iōng ê khó-lêng-sèng chin koân. It-poaⁿ heroin hún lāi-bīn heroin sêng-hun sī ū 10 kàu 70 pha-sén put-téng ê chiàm liōng; kî-tha ê sêng-hun ū khó-lêng sī saⁿ-lām ê thn̂g-hun he̍k-chiá kî-tha io̍h-bu̍t téng mi̍h. Sûn heroin pún-sin mā ū bâ-io̍h chok-iōng siuⁿ koân ê gûi-hiám.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Amaranth Illuminare & Deborah S. Romaine, pian. (2007). \"Heroin\". *The Facts On File Encyclopedia of Health and Medicine*. Volume 4. Facts On File. ISBN 0-8160-6063-0. CS1 pó-ióng: Ēng editors chham-sò͘ (link)","meta":{"title":"Heroin","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[183,2145,0.08531468531468532],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2524}} -{"text":" \n\nHoat-kok CAESAR Chū-kiâⁿ tōa-phàu，chhái-iōng Unimog khah-chhia kái-chong\nEng-kok tī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn sî-kî ho̍k-e̍k ê Chú-kàu chū-kiâⁿ tōa-phàu，tòa chi̍t-ê QF 25 pōng liû-tôaⁿ phàu.\nTek-kok chè PzH2000 Chū-kiâⁿ liû-tôaⁿ phàu，chit-ê phàu ū koh-khah kiông ê chong-kah kap tōng-le̍k hē-thóng\n**Chū-kiâⁿ tōa-phàu**（Eng-gí: Self-propelled artillery），chí an-chong tī kau-thong kang-khū téng-bīn, pí-jū sú-iōng chhia-lióng té-pôaⁿ chū-pī tōng-le̍k，bô-su-iàu kî-thaⁿ chhia-lióng khan-ín ê tōa-phàu，tāi-to-sò͘ ū khin chong-kah pó-hō͘，tōa-phàu it-poaⁿ sī liû-tôaⁿ-phàu、pek-kek-phàu、ka-lông-phàu、hoán-thán-kek-phàu、hóe-chìⁿ-phàu或ko-siā-phàu téng. Kap it-poaⁿ tōa-phàu lóng-sī thoa-chhia lâi chài ū chha-pia̍t，su-iàu lī-iōng kî-thaⁿ chhia-lióng，siù-le̍k he̍k-chiá sī jîn-le̍k î-tóng，kap khó-lêng su-iàu an-chong ê kòe-têng.\n\nTû-liáu chū-kiâⁿ tōa-phàu í-gōa, koh-ū chi̍t-chióng **chū-ūn tōa-phàu iah-sī chheng-chò té-tô͘ chū-hêng khan-ín tōa-phàu**，sī tī su-iàu khan-ín ê tōa-phàu ka-siōng sió-hêng ga-só͘-lín iân-jín ê hú-chō͘ tōng-le̍k chong-tì APU，tû-liáu ē-tàng pang-chān phah-chhèng sî ê chhau-chok，koh ē-tàng té-kū-lî ê hêng-tōng，m̄-koh chit-khoán siat-kè pèng-bô pau-koa tī chū-kiâⁿ-phàu ê kui-lūi tang-tiong, iû-goân sio̍k-tī khan-ín tōa-phàu, chhin-chhiūⁿ Hun-lân 155 GH 52 APU.\n\nSiat-kè\n-------\n\nChū-kiâⁿ-phàu（chū-kiâⁿ tōa-phàu）ùi tōa-phàu hoat-tián，i ê siat-kè su-kiû sī ūi-tio̍h beh tòe-tio̍h o͘-tó͘-bái hòa pō͘-tūi ê ūn-tōng-la̍t，lâi î-chhî hóe-le̍k chi-oân. Tng o͘-tó͘-bái hòa he̍k-chiá sī ki-hâi hòa pō͘-tūi ê pi-lē cheng-tióng ê sî-chūn，chū-kiâⁿ-phàu ê su-kiû iā tòe-leh sêng-tióng.\n\nChu-kiâⁿ-phàu sú-iōng ê chhia-lióng té-pôaⁿ pau-koat ùi chiàn-chhia (thán-kek)、chong-kah-chhia iah-sī tho͘-lá-kuh téng lâi kái-chong，he̍k-sī choan-bûn siat-kè ê liān-tòa iah-sī liān-á-hêng chài-khū téng. Tōa-phàu chong-tì ê hong-sek ū ti̍t-chiap chiong khan-ín tōa-phàu khǹg-tī chhia-lióng téng-bīn，chhái-iōng kò͘-tēng，téng-bīn khai-hòng ê chok-chiàn-chhng，sui-bóng kò͘-tēng, m̄-ku téng-bīn ū pó-hō͘ ê chok-chiàn-chhng，he̍k-chiá-sī oân-choân khàm-ba̍t koh ē-tàng tńg-se̍h ê phàu-thah.\n\nKap chiàn-chhia ê chha-īⁿ\n-------------------------\n\nChū-kiâⁿ-phàu kap chiàn-chhia tī gōa-hêng ū sio-siāng ê só͘-chāi，ū-kóa chiàn-chhia ê siat-kè iā í thê-kiong pō͘-peng hóe-le̍k chi-oân chò chú-iàu jīm-bū chi-it，m̄-ku chū-kiâⁿ tōa-phàu pún-chit siōng iû-goân kap thán-kek bô-kâng. Chêng-chiá iáu-sī sio̍k-tī āu-hong chi-oân ê phàu-peng bú-khì，chí-sī ē-sái ka-kī hoa̍t-tōng bô su-iàu khan-ín. Hiō-chiá sī chiân-sòaⁿ tu̍t-kek bú-khì. In-chhú sī kok-hong-bīn chok-chiàn sèng-lêng siōng siang-hong ū bōe-chió khu-piat.\n\n* Chiàn-chhia tùi hông-gū iau-kiû chiok koân，só͘-í tāng-liōng tāng、chong-kah kāu，ē-tàng té-khòng te̍k-hong hóe-la̍t. Chū-kiâⁿ-phàu in-ūi chú-iàu sī pō͘-sú sī chián-sòaⁿ hiō-hong，tùi hông-gū iau-kiû bô koân. Chong-kah chí-sī iōng hông-hō͘ ki-chhèng、sió kháu-kèng ki-phàu he̍k-chiá-sī phàu-tôaⁿ kīn kū-lî ê chhúi-phìⁿ chò bo̍k-tek\n* Chiàn-chhia ê chiàn-chhia-phàu ūi-tio̍h beh koàn-chhoan chiàn-chhia chong-kah，in-chhú tōa-phàu phàu-kháu chho͘-sok (chhèng-kháu sok-tō͘) khah koân；chū-kiâⁿ-phàu tō bô-su-iàu.\n* Chiàn-chhia su-iàu koân ê miā-tiong-lu̍t，só͘-í biâu-chún hē-thóng cheng-bi̍t. Chū-kiâⁿ-phàu í kan-chiap biâu-chún ê hn̄g kū-lî phàu-kek、hóe-le̍k ûi-chú，tùi biâu-chún ê iau-kiû bô koân，ū-kóa chū-kiâⁿ-phàu pèng-bô phòe-pī ti̍t-chiap biâu-chún iōng ê biâu-chún-kū.\n* Chiàn-chhia bô-su-iàu kiông-tiāu ko gióng-kak siā-ke̍k lêng-le̍k；chóng-sī chū-kiâⁿ-phàu ūi-tio̍h beh tui-kiû hóe-le̍k jia-khàm hoān-ûi，su-iàu chit hong-bīn ê sèng-lêng.\n* Chiàn-chhia to-sò͘ sī chiân-sòaⁿ tē-tōaⁿ ti̍t-chiap chok-chiàn，su-iàu èng-hù sùn-kan piàn-hòa ê chiàn-hóng，tùi ūn-tōng sèng-lêng kap phaukhauphàu-kháu lêng-oa̍t-tō͘ iau-kiû koân；chū-kiâⁿ-phàu in-ūi chú-iàu sī hiō-hong chìn-hêng hóe-le̍k chi-oân，só͘-í kan-ta su-iàu tiōng-sī hóe-le̍k，bô-su-iàu kè-tō͘ tui-kiû ūn-tōng sèng-lêng kap phàu-kháu lêng-oa̍t-tō͘. Iā án-ne bōe-chió chū-kiâⁿ-phàu kan-ta chhái-iōng kán-īⁿ ê khu-tōng hē-thóng，sīm-chì bô tńg-se̍h phàu-thah ê siat-kè.\n* Chū-kiâⁿ tōa-phàu tāi-to-sò͘ tōaⁿ-io̍h hā-kàng sî-kan tn̂g.\n\nKhu-tio̍k chiàn-chhia\n---------------------\n\nKhu-tio̍k chiàn-chhia sī chū-kiâⁿ-phàu ê iân-sin，kap chū-kiâⁿ-phàu kâng-khoán，chài tiōng-hóe-la̍t ê phàu-kóng，siâng-sî iā bô tńg-se̍h phàu-thah ê siat-kè，m̄-ku bô-kâng ê sī khu-tio̍k chiàn-chhia kiông-hòa chong-kah kap chhia ê sèng-lêng，hō͘ iē-tàng kap it-poaⁿ chiàn-chhia kâng-khoán khoài-sok chìn-ji̍p chiàn-tiûⁿ chìn-hêng hóe-le̍k chi-oân. M̄-ku khu-tio̍k chiàn-chhia to-sò͘ bô ko-gióng-kak siā-ke̍k lêng-le̍k，in-chhú siā-têng khah siū hān-chè，siâng-sî kap it-poaⁿ chiàn-chhia pí-khí-lâi，khu-tio̍k chiàn-chhia to-sò͘ khiàm-khoeh lêng-oa̍t-tō͘ koân ê tńg-se̍h phàu-thah，kong-kek èng-piàn-le̍k khah bái，khah sek-ha̍p tēng-tiám pō͘-sú kong-kek te̍k-jîn ê hông-gū-sèng chok-chiàn. Khu-tio̍k chiàn-chhia tang-tiong iā ū phàu-thah, chhin-chhiūⁿ sī：Bí-kok ê M10 Chhui-húi-chiá、M18 Tē-ga̍k niau、M36 Chhui-húi-chiá téng ê phàu-thah ū téng-bīn ē-tàng 360 tō͘ tńg-se̍h.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Tōa-phàu\n* Thán-kek","meta":{"title":"Chū-kiâⁿ tōa-phàu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1587,5222,0.3039065492148602],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5887}} -{"text":"\n\n| Pòaⁿ-tō-théchong-tìchè-chō |\n| --- |\n| |\n| MOSFET scaling(process nodes) |\n| \n* 010 µm – 1971 nî\n* 006 µm – 1974 nî\n* 003 µm – 1977 nî\n* 1.5 µm – 1981 nî\n* 001 µm – 1984 nî\n* 800 nm – 1987 nî\n* 600 nm – 1990 nî\n* 350 nm – 1993 nî\n* 250 nm – 1996 nî\n* 180 nm – 1999 nî\n* 130 nm – 2001 nî\n* 090 nm – 2003 nî\n* 065 nm – 2005 nî\n* 045 nm – 2007 nî\n* 032 nm – 2009 nî\n* 022 nm – 2012 nî\n* 014 nm – 2014 nî\n* 010 nm – 2016 nî\n* 007 nm – 2018 nî\n* 005 nm – 2020 nî\n\n |\n| Bī-lâi\n* 003 nm – *~2022 nî*\n |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n**5 nāi-bí chè-têng** (Eng-gí: *5 nm process*) sī pòaⁿ-tō-thé chè-chō chè-têng ê chi̍t ê chúi-pêng. Tī pòaⁿ-tō-thé khì-kiāⁿ chè-chō tiong, *Kok-chè Khì-kiāⁿ kap Hē-thóng Lō͘-sòaⁿ Tô͘* kā 5 nāi-bí kang-gē tēng-gī chò 7 nāi-bí āu ê MOSFET ki-su̍t chat-tiám. Siong-iōng 5 nāi-bí chè-têng ki-î kū-iú FinFET ê to-cha̍h-ke̍k tiān-cheng-thé (MuGFET) ki-su̍t. Iáu-koh ū í-keng chèng-bêng ê 5 nāi-bí GAAFET ki-su̍t, m̄-koh iáu-bōe siong-gia̍p-hòa. 2020 nî chho͘, Sam-seng Tiān-chú kap Tâi-chek-tiān í-keng khai-sí 5 nāi-bí chè-têng ê iú-hān hong-hiám chhì-sán, koh kè-ōe tī 2020 nî té khai-sí phoe-liōng seng-sán. 2020 nî 9 goe̍h 15, iû Tâi-chek-tiān chè-chō ê Apple A14 Bionic chiâⁿ-chò tē-it ê kong-khai hoat-piáu ê 5 nāi-bí chè-têng cheng-phìⁿ.","meta":{"title":"5 nāi-bí chè-têng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[397,1138,0.34885764499121263],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1416}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\n**Ann Rose Nu Tawng** （1975 nî  chhut-sì ）sī Bián-tiān chi̍t-ê Thian-chú-kàu Sèng-hong-chē ê lú-cheng, i tī 2021 nî kam-goān hi-seng ka-kī ê sìⁿ-miā, mā-ài pó-hō͘ tô-lān ê lâng, ín-khí Thian-chú-kàu Kàu-hông kah BBC ê chù-ì, i mā hō͘-lâng soán ji̍p-khì BBC Kin-kok Pah-miâ jîn-soán.\n\nSeng-pêng\n---------\n\nAnn Rose Nu Tawng sī Sèng-hong-chē ê lú-cheng.\n\nTong-sî kéng-chhat tī Myitkyina lia̍h-pó͘ siàu-liân ê khòng-gī-chiá ê sî, i hō͘-lâng chù-ì tio̍h.Khòng-gī-chiá chah in ka-kī chè-chō ê tún-pâi kah an-choân-mō͘-á, kéng-chhat sī kui-sin-khu pau-bi̍t-bi̍t. Khòng-gī oa̍h-tōng hoat-seng tī 2021 nî 2-ge̍h chhoe-1 Aung San Suu Kyi hō͘ kun-hong chèng-piàn thui-hoan liáu-āu. Ann Rose Nu Tawng kūi--lo̍h-lâi kiû kéng-hong mài tùi i siu-iông ê siàu-liân-lâng khí-kha-tāng-chhiú. I kóng kûn-chiòng sī hô-pêng khòng-gī, m̄-koh kèng-hong kóng in kan-na sī chip-hêng jīm-bū. Ann Rose Nu Tawng kóng nā-sī boeh thâi-lâng, i ē-tàng hiàn-chhut in sìⁿ-miā.\n\nKèng-hong ê thó-lūn ōe-bīn hō͘ koan-chhat-goân hip--lo̍h-lâi, jî-chhiáⁿ kong-pò͘ tī bāng-lō͘ téng, āu-lâi hō͘ BBC kah *Ūi-pò* pò-tō.Kàu-hông mā-ū phêng-lūn in hi-seng ê kú-tōng.\n\n2021 nî 12-ge̍h, BBC kā i phêng-ûi Kin-kok Pah-miâ chi-it.\n\nChù-sek\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 \"Myanmar nun among BBC's 100 Women of 2021 - Vatican News\". *www.vaticannews.va* (ēng Eng-gí). 2021-12-09. 2021-12-11 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. 1 2 3 Yangon, Agence France-Presse in (2021-03-09). \"'Shoot me instead': Myanmar nun's plea to spare protesters\". *the Guardian* (ēng Eng-gí). 2021-12-11 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. 1 2 \"Myanmar Catholic nun: 'Kill me instead'\". *BBC News* (ēng Eng-gí). 2021-12-11 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"BBC 100 Women 2021: Who is on the list this year?\". *BBC News* (ēng Eng-gí). 2021-12-07. 2021-12-11 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Ann Rose Nu Tawng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[596,1755,0.3396011396011396],"infobox":["
    Ann Rose Nu Tawng
    Tshut-sì\n1975
    Bián-tiān
    Kok-tsi̍k\nBián-tiān
    Tù-miâ\nPì-hō͘ bih kun-sū chèng-piàn ê jîn-bîn
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1904}} -{"text":"Tâi-ôan chu̍t-bí-tn̂g\n*Chu̍t-bí-tn̂g* iah-sī *bí-tn̂g*, sī chi̍t-chióng iōng chu̍t-bí khì-chò ê chia̍h-mi̍h, tī Tâi-ôan chin phó·-phiàn. Chu̍t-bí-tn̂g sī kā tiâu-bī liáu ê chu̍t-bí chiⁿ-ji̍p-khì sé chheng-khì ê Ti ê tōa-tn̂g.\n\nChò-hoat\n--------\n\nChu̍t-bí-tn̂g kap ian-chhiâng chin sio-siâng, bô-kâng ê só·-chāi sī iōng chu̍t-bí chò-ê āⁿ. Chò āⁿ ê sî seng kā tn̂g-chu̍t-bí chìm-chúi, liáu-āu kap ká-bah, hê-bí, âng-chhang-thâu lām chò-hé chhá-chhá--leh, iōng tāu-iû, bí-chiú, kap iâm tiâu-bī. Āⁿ chò hó kòan ji̍p-khì tōa-tn̂g. Chheⁿ ê chu̍t-bí-tn̂g chhe-se̍k liáu tiō ē-sái chia̍h--a. It-poaⁿ ê chu̍t-bí-tn̂g tn̂g-tō· chha-put-to 10 chì 15 kong-hun, ti̍t-kèng iok 3 chì 4 kong-hun.\n\nChia̍h-hoat\n-----------\n\nChu̍t-bí-tn̂g ê chia̍h-hoat chin-chē-chióng. Chá-kî iōng chhoe-ê khah-chē, chhoe liáu-āu chhiat sè-phìⁿ, ùn bí-chiùⁿ, thō·-má-toh khe-chia-pu, iah-sī tāu-iû-ko. Āu--lâi iâm-so·-ke chiām-chiām liû-hêng, chu̍t-bí-tn̂g mā khai-sí iōng chìⁿ-ê, chìⁿ liáu chiah chhiat-phìⁿ. \n1990 nî-tāi tōa-tn̂g pau sió-tn̂g khai-sí liû-hêng, chu̍t-bí-tn̂g koh ū sin ê chia̍h-hoat. Tio̍h ná chhin-chhiūⁿ hotdot ê chia̍h-hoat, sing kā chu̍t-bí-tn̂g iōng hé-thòaⁿ hang, hang-liáu chhiat-pòaⁿ, chiah-koh giap chi̍t-ki iân-chhiâng.","meta":{"title":"Chu̍t-bí-tn̂g","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1216,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1403}} -{"text":"\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Le̍k-sú-su |\n| Iok-su-a-kì |\n| Sū-su-kì |\n| Lō·-tek-kì |\n| Sat-bó·-jíⁿ-kì chiūⁿ hā |\n| Lia̍t-ông-kì chiūⁿ hā |\n| Le̍k-tāi-chì chiūⁿ hā |\n| Í-su-láh-kì |\n| Nî-hi-bí-kì |\n| Í-su-thiap-kì |\n| |\n\n**Lia̍t-ông-kì** (列王記), iā ū hō **Lia̍t-ông-kí** (-紀), he̍k-chiá **Lia̍t-ông Kì-lio̍k**, chiūⁿ-hā lióng kòan só· kì-su̍t móe chi̍t-ê ông ê le̍k-sú to í i sī-bò· tùi Sîn chīn-tiong ûi phiau-chún. Tùi Sîn chīn-tiong, kok-ka chiu-ē heng-sēng; pài ngó·-siōng, ûi-pōe Sîn ê bēng-lēng, kok-ka chiu bông-siū hō-hōan. Pak Í-sek-lia̍t Ông-kok ê chu-ông to keng put khí khó-giām, Lâm Iû-tāi Ông-kok chu-ông ê kì-lio̍k iú bí-hó ê iā-sī ū pāi-hōai ê. Lia̍t-ông-kí chiūⁿ-kòan tiong-kan, Iâ-hô-hoa ê sian-ti chiàm-iú tiōng-iàu ê tē-ūi. Im ióng-kám tē tāi Sîn hoat-giân, kéng-kò jîn-bîn put-khó chông-pài ngó·-siōng, put-khó ûi-pōe Sîn ê bēng-lēng. Kî-tiong thôan-siōng chòe kóng ê sī Í-lī-a kin Pa-le̍k ê ké-sian-ti im tàu-cheng ê kì-su̍t.\n\nLia̍t-ông-kí hā-kòan kè-sio̍k kì-su̍t Í-sek-lia̍t lâm-pak lióng ông-kok ê le̍k-sú. Í-sek-lia̍t hô Iû-tāi cho-siū giâm-tiōng ê kok-lān sī in-ūi lióng kok kun- ông kah jîn-bîn·tùi Sîn put tiong-sim. Iâ-lō·-sat-léng̍ phōe húi-bia̍t kah Iû-tāi jîn-bîn phōe hòng-tio̍k si̍t ûi Í-sek-lia̍t le̍k-sú chiūⁿ chòe tiōng-iàu ê chóan-le̍h tiám. Pún-su tiong chòe thu̍t-chhut ê sian-ti sī Í-lī-a ê kè-sêng-jîn Í-lī-sa","meta":{"title":"Lia̍t-ông-kì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[165,1289,0.12800620636152055],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1544}} -{"text":"Choh-sit (tiū-á)\n**Choh-sit** (作穡) tio̍h-sī teh chèng-choh (chèng chi̍t-koá-á hō͘ lâng-chia̍h-ēng, cheng-siⁿ-á-chia̍h-ēng, lâng-chhēng-chhah-ēng kah hoe, chháu, chhiū-châng lūi ê si̍t-bu̍t) ah-sī chhī cheng-seⁿ-á. Chit-chióng sit-thâu ōe in-ūi só͘-chāi ê bô-kâng, thiⁿ-khì ê piàn-hoà kah kùi-chiat lâi éng-hióng siu-sêng. Chit-chióng sit-thâu ê tâu-ji̍p kàu sán-chhut ê kî-kan iû-koh lóng chiok-tn̂g. Chin kan-khó͘ koh bô tiāⁿ-tio̍h ū-thang siu lâi chia̍h. Sī chi̍t-chióng bô it-tēng kài chhíⁿ-lâng-sim ê khang-khoè. M̄-koh, chit-chióng sit-thâu ê siu-he̍k mā chha-put-to lóng-sī lán-lâng ji̍t-siông seng-oa̍h ê pit-su-phín. Chit-chióng khang-khòe lóng bô-lâng chò sī bōe-ēng--ê, lán ài tiōng-sī.\n\nTeh kiâⁿ-chûn chi̍t khoàⁿ-tio̍h tó-sū hit-gê lâu-pái-sî, lán ē-kóng: tó-sū, lio̍k-tē, mā chin-chē-lâng ē-kóng khoàⁿ-tio̍h soaⁿ loh. Teng-lio̍k hit-gê kiⁿ-tǹg, lán ē-kóng chiūⁿ-lio̍k-tē, chiūⁿ-hoāⁿ, mā chin-chē-lâng ē-kóng chiūⁿ-soaⁿ. Gí-giân sī chi̍t-chióng si̍p-koàn. Tng tú-tio̍h teh-kóng chò soaⁿ-sit, bô-it-tēng sī kóng sit-thâu lóng chò tī soaⁿ-niá, soaⁿ-phiâⁿ, m̄-sī pêng-te ê só͘-chāi. Kóng **chò soaⁿ-sit** mā ū khó-lêng sī kóng **sit-thâu sī chò tī lio̍k-tē** niā, sī-kóng chit-chióng sit-thâu kap hái-nih--ê bô tī-tāi ê ì-sù.\n\nSî-tāi piàn-chhian, kòe-khì ê keng-giām ē lâu--lo̍h-lâi, chit-má pêng-siông **chòe-khang-khòe** mā ū lâng kóng \"choh-sit\".","meta":{"title":"Choh-sit","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1371,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1565}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Sî-kè-kó |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Kiô-á-sek ê koé-chí |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Malpighiales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Passifloraceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | Passiflora |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***P. edulis*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Passiflora edulis***Sims |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Se-hoan-liân** (Hàn-jī: 西番蓮), **pah-hiang-kó** (百香果), he̍k **sî-kè-kó** (時計果); ha̍k-miâ: *Passiflora edulis*) kui-sio̍k-tī Se-hoan-liân-kho, sī to-nî-seng soan-tîn-sèng tîn-pún si̍t-bu̍t. I goân-té seⁿ tī Pa-se, phó͘-phiàn chèng tī jia̍t-tāi, a-jia̍t-tāi tē-khu. I kah-ì kui-ji̍t ū ji̍t-thâu ê khoân-kéng. Lâng chèng lâi ti̍h i ê chiap, chhiâng-chāi kap pa̍t-chióng kó-chiap thàu-lām chò-hoé lâi ke-thiⁿ i ê khì-bī. Bī sng-sng tiⁿ-tiⁿ.\n\nTī Tâi-oân hun-pò· tī kē-hái-poa̍t kap tiong-hái-poa̍t soaⁿ-khu, khan-tîn tī chhiū-nâ piⁿ ê si̍t-bu̍t koân-téng, he̍k seng-tióng chāi khòng-khoah ê pha-hng-tē kap bô-lâng-kiâⁿ ê lîm-tō lō·-bīn. I sī kóng-hoān hun-pò· tī Tâi-oân ê kui-hoà-chéng koé-chí si̍t-bu̍t.\n\nHêng-thài\n---------\n\nHio̍h-á 3 lia̍t, pian-iân chhián-chhián kì-khí iân.\n\nHoe-hio̍h ū 5 hio̍h, hoe-go̍k mā 5 hio̍h chhiūⁿ hoe-hio̍h; hoe-hio̍h kap hoe-go̍k lóng-sī pe̍h-sek ê; koh-ū 1 lián oan-oan-khiau-khiau tn̂g-tn̂g chhiu-chhiu ki-pō· chí-sek ê hù-hoe-koan; hoe ê ti̍t-kèng siāng-toā ū 75 mm. \n\nKoé-chí sī chiuⁿ-kó seⁿ tio̍h îⁿ kiû-hêng he̍k tn̂g kiû-hêng; se̍k-chúi āu sī chí-sek (kiô-á-sek), ka-pi-sek, he̍k n̂g-sek; lāi-té nńg-kô͘-kô͘, hâm chē-chē lia̍p chí. Pun 2 chióng goā-hêng: 1 khoán seⁿ chò n̂g-n̂g, ē-tit kap iū-á (grapefruit) phēng toā, goā-khak kim-ku̍t. Lēng-goā 1 khoán seⁿ chò àm kiô-á-sek, khah bô lê-bóng toā, sêng-se̍k sî goā-phoê jiâu-jiâu, ta-sò.\n\nSiòng\n-----\n\n* *Passiflora edulis* \nf. *flavicarpa*\n* *Passiflora edulis* \nf. *flavicarpa*\n* Koé-chí\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* Ogawa Naoyosi, pian. (1931). \"se-hoan-liân 西番蓮\". *Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten* 臺日大辭典 [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*] (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí). **1**. p. 789.","meta":{"title":"Se-hoan-liân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[394,1772,0.22234762979683972],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2304}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Kin-chio |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Kin-chio-châng |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Liliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Zingiberales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Musaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Musa* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng |\n| Hybrid origin; see text |\n\n**Kin-chio**/**Keng-chio** sī chi̍t-chióng jia̍t-tài tē-khu chhut-sán ê kóe-chí. Kin-chio ê gôan-sán-tē si Tang-lâm-a, hiān-chú-sî sán-liōng khah-chē ê kok-ka ū Pa-se, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ìn-tō͘, Ìn-nî, Hui-li̍p-pin, Oa̍t-lâm, Tâi-oân, Thài-kok, Tiong-kok, Má-lâi-se-a, Ecuador téng-téng.\n\nHêng-thài\n---------\n\nChháu-pún si̍t-bu̍t, chiàⁿ-káng ê keng té-té, khòaⁿ khí-lâi ná chhiū-á ê sī ké-keng, sī chit-chàn koh chit-chàn kâu koh pûi ê hio̍h-ha̍h pau kah ăn-ân lâi seng-sêng. Koân iok-lio̍k ū 2-3 kong-chhioh, hio̍h-á sī tōa-phìⁿ ê kaⁿ-ná hêng, hoe sī ùi téng-thâu siⁿ-chhut, oân-choân siⁿ-chhut liáu-āu ōe sûi--lo̍h-lâi, hoe ū bú--ê, kang--ê, kap toing-sèng hoe, chiuⁿ-kó chiâⁿ chi̍t kōaⁿ, hō-chòe kó-pâng, hun-chân pâi-lia̍t, ta̍k-chân hō-chòe kó-pá á-sī kó-chhiú, téng-bīn ê kó-si̍t chhiūⁿ chńg-thâu-á, hō-chòe kó-cháiⁿ, tō sī tāi-ke chia̍h ê chi̍t-ngeh kin-chio, kin-chio ê chéng-chí lóng thè-hòa.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nKin-chio ê goân sán-tōe ū kúi-nā-ê kóng-hoat, it-poaⁿ jīn-ûi Tang-lâm-a ê long-bîn siōng-chá chèng-chok 「Sió-kó Iá-seng kin-chio」（*M. acuminata*）, koh kā I thòaⁿ kàu Tang-lâm-a ê sai-pak pêng, kap goân-seng tī Ìn-tō͘ tang-pō͘ kàu Chi-ná Hôa-lâm hit-kho͘-ûi-á ê 「Iá-seng kin-chio」 cha̍p-kau, hêng-sêng kin-chio chit-khoán phín-chéng, koh hông ín-chìn kàu sè-kài kok-tōe, hêng-sêng hiān-tāi to-chióng jîn-kang chai-pôe phín-hē .\n\nKhó-kó͘ ha̍k-ka pat tī taⁿ ê Papua New Guinea kéng-lāi hoat-hiān chèng kin-chio ê ûi-chí, kàu-taⁿ iok ū chhiau-kè 5,000 nî ê le̍k-sú, koh tī Se-Hui Cameroon hoat-hiān ū chhiau-kè chheng-nî le̍k-sú ê kin-chio chéng-chok ûi-chí. Só͘-í Papua New Guinea、Tang-lâm-a kap Se-Hui iân-hōaⁿ sī bo̍k-chiân só͘ chai-iáⁿ siōng-chá ê kin-chio goân sán-tōe, m̄-koh mā-ū khó-lêng ū kî-thaⁿ ê goân sán-tōe. Tī Hoat-kiàn Sî-tāi, Phû-tô-gâ-lâng ùi Se-Hui kā kin-chio chah kàu Bí-chiu chéng-chok, sî sī cha̍p-la̍k sè-kí. Tī jī-cha̍p sè-kí chiok tn̂g ê sî-kan, Tiong Bí-chiu kap Lâm Bí-chiu hit-tah, sī sè-kài siōng chú-iàu ê kin-chio chèng-chok kok-ka, chhut-kháu khì Au-chiu kap Pak-bí.\n\nĒ-sái-kóng chha-put-to só͘-ū ê kin-chio lóng sī pún cha̍p-kau-chéng ê Polyploidy chai-pôe phín-chéng. Ē-sái khak-jīn siōng-chá sī Tang-lâm-a jîn-bîn khai-sí cha̍p-kau chèng kin-chio. \n\n### Tâi-oân Kin-chio Chai-chèng Le̍k-sú\n\nTâi-oân sú-chiân sî-kî, soaⁿ-khu ê iá-seng kin-chio iáu-bē hông chhī-koai, tong-tōe ê goân-chū-bîn iā bô chèng-chok ê kì-chài. Tâi-oân Hô-lân thóng-tī sî-kî khai-sí u, sui-bóng ū lio̍k-lio̍k-á chhī-koai, m̄-koh sī sit-pāi--ê. Tang-lêng-kok ín-chìn pō͘-hūn lâm-iûⁿ ê phín-chéng, sòa—lo̍h-lâi khai-sí seng-sán. Kàu [[Chheng-kok] ê sî í-keng tōa-liōng chhut-sán, sīm-chì chiâⁿ-chòe hiàn-hō͘ hông-sek ê kòng-phín. Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi, Jit-pún-lâng khai-sí kái-liông, kā goân-seng-chéng kap āu-lâi-chéng phah-chéng, chiâⁿ-chòe Ji̍t-pún iōng-lâi chhut-kháu ê hó mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Chiàn-āu, kin-chio tī gōa-siau téng-bīn bat thòe Tâi-oân thàn tōa-liōng gōa-hōe, hō͘ Tâi-oân ióng-iú「Kin-chio Ông-kok」ê hó miâ-siaⁿ.\nTâi-oân ê chú-iàu kin-chio sán-tōe tī Ko-hiông-chhī ê Kî-san khu、Namasia-khu、Lāi-mn̂g-khu；Tâi-lâm-chhī ê San-siōng-khu、Pîn-tong-koān kap Tâi-tang-koān, kap long-bîn ka-kī chèng-chok 。\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ de Langhe, Edmond & de Maret, Pierre (2004), \"Tracking the banana: its significance in early agriculture\", chū Hather, Jon G. *The Prehistory of Food: Appetites for Change*, Routledge, p. 372, ISBN 978-0-203-20338-5\n2. ↑ \"The history of bananas:ancient origins to 1800s\" (ēng Eng-gí). University of California, Santa Cruz. goân-loē-iông tī 2014-03-16 hőng khó͘-pih. 2014-03-03 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ Ploetz, R.C.; Kepler, A.K.; Daniells, J. & Nelson, S.C. (2007), \"Banana and Plantain: An Overview with Emphasis on Pacific Island Cultivars\", chū Elevitch, C.R. *Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry* (PDF), Hōlualoa, Hawai'i: Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h pó-chûn (PDF) tī 2016-01-01, 2013-01-10 khòaⁿ--ê\n4. ↑ Li̍p-hoat-īⁿ Kong-pò, tē 85 koàn, tē 38 kî, tē 2 phiⁿ, Li̍p-hoat-īⁿ Pì-su chhù, 1996\n5. ↑\n6. ↑","meta":{"title":"Kin-chio","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[908,4022,0.22575832918945798],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4839}} -{"text":"Jean Calvin\n**Jean Calvin** (1509 nî 7 goe̍h 10 ji̍t – 1564 nî 5 goe̍h 27 ji̍t) sī chong-kàu kái-kek tiong-kan ê 1 ê Hoat-kok Sin-kàu Sîn-ha̍k-ka. I mā sī Ki-tok-kàu sîn-ha̍k lâi-té Calvin-chú-gī iah-sī kóng kái-kek-chong sîn-ha̍k (*Reformed theology*) ê chú-iàu hoat-tián-chiá.\n\nTī i chò Geneva ê thóng-tī-chiá ê sî, ū khip-ín chē-chē pa̍t-ê sin-kàu-tô͘ lān-bîn, hō͘ chit-ê siâⁿ-chhī chiâⁿ-chò thoân-pò kái-kek-chong sîn-ha̍k ê 1 ê chú-iàu-tek ê le̍k-liōng. Calvin siōng chhut-miâ ê só͘-chāi sī i ê kà-sī kap tù-chok, te̍k-pia̍t sī i siá--ê Ki-tok-kàu iàu-gī tāi-kong (Institutes of the Christian Religion).\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 90631825\n* LCCN: n79123944\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2103 0063\n* GND: 118518534\n* SELIBR: 180937\n* SUDOC: 026763362\n* BNF: cb11894896k (data)\n* BPN: 04759203\n* BIBSYS: 90274878\n* ULAN: 500245126\n* HDS: 011069\n* MGP: 132044\n* NLA: 35024994\n* NDL: 00435135\n* NKC: jn20010525102\n* ICCU: CFIV057914\n* BNE: XX4578419\n* CiNii: DA00106409\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Jean Calvin","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[293,886,0.3306997742663657],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1134}} -{"text":"\n**Catalunya** ( **Kha-tha-lún-ià**) sī 1 ê tī Iberia Poàn-tó ê le̍k-sú bûn-hoà tē-tài, mā sī hiān-tāi Se-pan-gâ ê hêng-chèng khu chi-it, hō-chò **Catalunya Chū-chú Siā-lí** (*Comunitat Autònoma de Catalunya*), tī Se-pan-gâ tang-pak. Catalunya ê siú-hú kap siāng-toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Barcelona.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nCatalunya lâm-pō͘ oá Valencia, se-pō͘ oá Aragón, pak-pō͘ oá Hoat-kok kap Andorra. Tang-pō͘/tang-lâm oá Tē-tiong-hái. Pirineo Soaⁿ-lêng pō͘-hūn tī Catalunya.\n\nKeng-chè\n--------\n\nTī 19, 20 sè-kí Catalunya sī Se-pan-gâ kang-gia̍p-hòa siōng jia̍t ê tē-khu chi it. Hiān-chú-sî Catalunya ê keng-chè-le̍k khah koân Se-pan-gâ pêng-kin.\n\nChèng-tī\n--------\n\nCatalunya ê chèng-hú (Catalunya-gí: \"Generalitat\", ì-sù sī thôan-thóng ê \"Chiong-kun-hú\") pun chò Gī-hōe, Chóng-thóng, Chip-hêng Úi-oân-hōe (Eng-gí: *Executive Council*). Gī-hōe lóng-chóng ū 135 se̍k, sī chèng-hú ê li̍p-hoat pō͘-mn̂g. Chóng-thóng kap Chip-hêng Úi-oân-hōe sī hêng-chèng pō͘-mn̂g, ē-kha pun 16 ê pō͘-mn̂g. In sī Gī-hōe soán--chhut-lâi ê.\n\nCatalunya pun 4 ê séng: Barcelona Séng, Girona (Se-pan-gâ-gí: Gerona), Lleida (Se-pan-gâ-gí: Lérida; Aran-gí: Lhèida), Tarragona. *Comarca* sī chú-iàu ê tē-hng hêng-chèng tan-ūi, kong-lêng khó-pí koān a̍h-sī kùn.\n\n### Chèng-tóng\n\nChú-iàu ê chèng-tóng:\n\n* Ha̍p-oá kap Cho·-ha̍p (CiU, Convergència i Unió): chèng-tóng liân-bêng; iù-phài/chú-koân phài\n\t+ Catalunya Bîn-chú Ha̍p-oá (CDC, Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya)\n\t+ Catalunya Bîn-chú Cho͘-ha̍p (UDC, Unió Democràtica de Catalunya)\n* Catalunya Kiōng-hô Chó-phài (ERC, Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya): chó-phài/chú-koân phài\n* Catalunya Le̍k-sek Khí-kiâⁿ/Thoân-kiat Lēng-lūi Chó-phài (ICV-EUiA, Iniciativa per Catalunya-Verds – Esquerra Unida i Alternativa): oá chú-koân-phài\n* Jîn-bîn Tóng (PP, Partit Popular): iù-phài/thóng-phài\n* Catalunya Siā-hōe-chú-gī-chiá ê Tóng/Se-pan-gâ Siā-hōe-chú-gī Kang-lâng Tóng (PSC-PSOE, Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya-Partido Socialista Obrero Español): chó-phài/oá chú-koân-phài\n\n### Chú-koân ūn-tōng\n\n*Chú-iàu ê bûn-chiuⁿ: Catalunya chú-koân ūn-tōng*\nCatalunya bô chhin-chhiūⁿ Navarre iah-sī Euskadi hia ê Chū-chú Siā-lí ū ka-kī ê sòe-chè. Tong-tē chèng-hú ê keng-chè ki-chhó͘ chha-put-to lóng oá-khò tiong-ng chèng-hú pun--i. Catalunya chèng-hú jīn-ûi Catalunya lap ê sòe-kim khah chē cháu tùi kok-ka kim-khò͘; in chú-tiuⁿ èng-kai ta̍t-sêng châi-chèng chū-chú. Tī 2005 nî 9 goe̍h Catalunya gī-hōe thong-kòe (120 tùi 15 phiò) chhú-tāi 1979 nî ê Catalunya Chū-chú Hoat (*Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalunya*) ê hoat-àn. Sui-bóng poah khioh-sòe koân (í-ki̍p ún-chún Catalunya siat pêng-hêng ê su-hoat hē-thóng) siong-tong ū cheng-gī, Se-pan-gâ kok-hōe iáu-sī tī 2006 nî 3 goe̍h thong-kòe (189 tùi 154 phiò) chi-chhî poah sin koân-le̍k hō͘ Catalunya chèng-hú. Chit ê àn tī siâng nî 6 goe̍h keng-kòe Catalunya kong-bîn tâu-phiò thong-kòe (75% chàn-sêng, ~50% tâu-phiò-lu̍t).\n\nTû-liáu ún-chún Catalunya chèng-hú hoāⁿ sin koân, sin pán Chū-chú Hoat mā kā Catalunya hō-chò \"kok-ka\" (*nació*). Chit ê hoat-àn ín-khí chin tōa ê gī-lūn. Cheng-gī ê tiong-sim khan-siap tio̍h Catalunya ê sin pán Chū-chú Hoat hām Se-pan-gâ Hiàn-hoat sī m̄ sī ū sio chhiong. 1978 nî ê Se-pan-gâ Hiàn-hoat tē 2 chiuⁿ ū siá Hiàn-hoat ê ki-chhó͘ sī \"thóng-it, bē-tàng thiah-soàⁿ ê Se-pan-gâ Kok-ka (*Nación*)\", m̄-koh siâng-sî mā kóng tio̍h \"bîn-cho̍k kap tē-hng (*nacionalidades y regiones*) ū chū-chú koân\".\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\n### Gí-giân\n\nCatalunya sī Catalunya-gí ê khí-chó͘ tē, mā sī siōng tiōng-iàu koh siōng tōa ê bó-gí tē-poâⁿ. Catalunya Chū-chú Hoat kui-tēng Catalunya-gí sī Catalunya 2 ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân kî-tiong 1 ê; lēng-gōa ū Se-pan-gâ-gí (tē-ūi siū 1978 nî ê Hiàn-hoat pó-hō·). Tī Val d'Aran (Aran Soaⁿ-kok) hit khu (jîn-kháu 7000), Aran-gí (1 chióng Occitan-gí) mā hiáng-siū koaⁿ-hong tē-ūi. (Tian-tò tī Hoat-kok chit ê Occitan-gí khí-chó͘ ê só͘-chāi bô koaⁿ-hong tē-ūi.)\n\nCatalunya chèng-hú chèng-chhek-siōng thui-sak Catalunya-gí. Kong-ka ê kàu-io̍k kap chèng-hú koaⁿ-liâu thé-chè oân-choân iōng Catalunya-gí. Tong-tē ê Catalunya-gí mûi-thé chiap-siū chèng-hú chin chē pó͘-chō͘. Hoat-lu̍t kui-tēng khì-gia̍p ê bûn-àn tio̍h pau-koah Catalunya-gí (khó-pí kóng chhan-thiaⁿ ê chhài-toaⁿ). Chi̍t-kóa Catalunya-gí ê sú-iōng-chiá chú-tiuⁿ chit khoán pó-hō͘ chèng-chhek ū i ê pit-iàu-sèng, in-ūi ū thài chē chū-bîn kiau î-bîn bô o̍h a̍h-sī bô iōng Catalunya-gí. Siâng-sî mā ū kóa Se-pan-gâ-gí ê sú-iōng-chiá piáu-sī che sī khî-sī-sèng ê chèng-chhek, ûi-hoán in iōng Se-pan-gâ-gí ê bîn-koân. Chèng-chhek-bīn ê éng-hióng chō-chiâⁿ Catalunya-gí tī koaⁿ-hong kap ha̍k-su̍t-kài ná lâi ná kiông-sè, m̄-koh tùi gí-giân siā-hōe-sèng ê sú-iōng tō pí-kàu khah bô éng-hióng; bó-gí sī Se-pan-gâ-gí ê lâng pêng-siông-sî iû-goân chiàu-siông iōng in ê oē. [*bô chhut-chhù*]\n\nSiong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* .cat\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:Catalunya*** |\n\n* Catalunya Chèng-hú (Catalunya-gí, Se-pan-gâ-gí, Eng-gí)\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nSe-pan-gâ ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chū-tī siā-lí | \n* Andalucía\n* Aragón\n* Asturias\n* Balear Kûn-tó\n* Canaria Kûn-tó\n* Cantabria\n* Castilla-La Mancha\n* Castilla-León\n* Catalunya\n* Euskadi\n* Extremadura\n* Galicia\n* Madrid\n* Murcia\n* Navarre\n* La Rioja\n* Valencia\n\n | |\n| |\n| Chū-tī siâⁿ-chhī | \n* Ceuta\n* Melilla\n\n |\n| |\n| Sió chú-koân só͘-chāi | \n* Islas Chafarinas\n* Peñón de Alhucemas\n* Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Catalunya","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1621,5620,0.2884341637010676],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Catalunya
    —  Chū-tī siā-lí  —
    \n\n\n\n
    \"Catalunya
    Kî-á    		 \"Catalunya
    Hui-kì
    \n
    \" Catalunya
     Catalunya ê tē-tiám  (chhim chheⁿ-sek)

    – Tī Au-chiu.  (chháu-á-sek & chhim phú-sek)
    – Tī Se-pan-gâ  (chháu-á-sek)

    ê uī-tì
     Catalunya ê tē-tiám  (chhim chheⁿ-sek)

    – Tī Au-chiu.  (chháu-á-sek & chhim phú-sek)
    – Tī Se-pan-gâ  (chháu-á-sek)

    \n
    \"Tī
    Tī Se-pan-gâ ê ūi-tì.
    Tī Se-pan-gâ ê ūi-tì.\n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 41°49′N 1°28′E / 41.817°N 1.467°E / 41.817; 1.467
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6317}} -{"text":"lan-san-khí\n**To-khí-chèng**, **Lan-san-khí**, (Hàn-jī: 多齒症, Eng-gí: *hyperdontia*, *supernumery tooth*) hoat-goân chū khí-pán (*dental lamina*) lan-san ê tē-3 khí-phōe, lēng-gōa ê khó-lêng sī éng-kiú-khí khí-phōe ê hun-sin. To-khí-chèng tī éng-kiú-khí ū chhiau-kòe 2-pha ê hoat-seng-lu̍t, ah kî-tiong ū 75-pha hoat-seng tī téng-go̍k thâu-chêng-khí (*anterior tooth*), chèng-tiong chóe-seng-khí (*mesioden*) sī siōng-chiap khòaⁿ--tio̍h-ê. Kî-thaⁿ tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ khòaⁿ--tio̍h-ê sī téng-go̍k ê tē-4 éng-kiú tōa-kiū-khí, ē-go̍k tē-3 éng-kiú sió-kiū-khí, kap to-seng-sèng ê téng-go̍k chhek mn̂g-khí. Ū chhiong-hun chèng-kù hián-sī to-khí-chèng sī chū-thé-hián-sèng (*autosomal dominant*) ê ûi-thôan. Ni-khí khí-lia̍t chiâⁿ-chió hoat-seng chit-chióng chêng-hêng. Tī *cleidocranial dysostosis* kap *Gardner syndrome* tiong ē hoat-hiān tio̍h chhut-khí chiàng-gāi ê to-khí-chèng. To-khí-chèng kap pō·-hūn khiàm-khí ê khoat-khí kî-hêng ē kāng-sî hoat-seng.","meta":{"title":"To-khí-chèng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,938,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1071}} -{"text":"The USAF Lockheed Martin F-35A\nAn F-16 Fighting Falcon (left), P-51D Mustang (bottom), F-86 Sabre (top), and F-22 Raptor (right) fly in a formation representing four generations of American fighters.\n**Chiàn-tàu-ki** sī kun-ki ê chi̍t-chióng, tī kun-sū siōng iū-koh kiò-chòe **kan-bia̍t-ki** (Tiong-bûn: 歼灭机), éng-kòe mā kiò-chòe **khu-tio̍k-ki**. It-poaⁿ tī khong-chiàn tang-tiong, hū-chek kek-lo̍h te̍k-jîn ê hui-ki.\n\nChiàn-tàu-ki te̍k-tiám sī ki-tōng sèng-lêng chán, sok-tō· kín, tī khong-tiong ê chiàn-tàu-le̍k kiông. Chiàn-tàu-ki siāng chú-iàu ê jīm-bū sī khong-chiàn pēng-chhiáⁿ to̍at-chhú chè-khong-kôan; lēng-gōa, mā ē-tàng nôa-cha̍h te̍k-jîn ê hong-chà-ki, kong-kek-ki kah sûn-hâng tō-tôaⁿ. \n\nJîn-lūi le̍k-sú siōng tē-it chiah chiàn-tàu-ki, chhut-sì tī kong-gôan 1915 nî ê Hoat-kok.\n\nChiàn-tàu-ki ê hoat-tián kap le̍k-sú\n------------------------------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*","meta":{"title":"Chiàn-tò͘-ki","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,857,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1048}} -{"text":"98-sek Chú-le̍k Chiàn-chhia\n**Thán-kek** (Eng-gí:**Tank**, Hàn-jī:**坦克**) sī chi̍t-chióng chiàn-chhia, Tī Tiong-kok kó·-tāi ê chiàn-cheng tang-tiong, chiàn-chhia to̍h hō·-lâng tòng-chòe 1-chiòng tiōng-iàu ê tu̍t-kì (Hàn-jī : 突击) chong-pī, siū-tio̍h kó·-chá lâng ê tiōng-sī. Tī hiān-tāi ê chiàn-cheng tong-tiong, chiàn-chhia choh-ûi lio̍k-kun kiàn-siat ê ki-chhó· chong-pī, koh-khah sī siū-tio̍h kun-hong ê phó·-piàn tiōng-sī. Kî-tiong, Thán-khek kū-pī kong-kek kah hong-siú ê lêng-le̍k, tī chiàn-tiûⁿ téng lú lâi lú béng, tit-tio̍h kun-chèng tong-kio̍k, iû-kî sī lio̍k-kun ê kah-ì, só·-í, thán-kek chong-pī mā tit-tio̍h chin-tōa ê hoat-tián. \n\nThán-kek ê hāu-lêng tī-leh i ê kong-kek lêng-le̍k, hông-siú lêng-le̍k kah ki-tòng lêng-le̍k. \n\n* **Kong-kek lêng-le̍k** : Thán-kek it-poaⁿ phòe-pī 1-mn̂g 1 kong-chhioh chho· hóe-phàu, 1-châng hông pō·-peng kah 1-châng hông te-khong ê ki-koan-chhèng, chió-sò· ê hông-khong-tôaⁿ kah hóan thán-kek tō-tôaⁿ, 2-ê hóe-chìⁿ hoat-siā-khì. Che-í-gōa, koh-ū í kè-sǹg-ki ûi sim-chōng ê hóe-khòng hē-thóng, khah iap-siap ê to-kak-tō· chhèng-chí hoat-siā khang. Kū-pī chià-ê kong-lêng, Thán-kek ê kong-kek lêng-le̍k piàn-kah hiah-nī-á kiông.\n\n* **Hông-hō· lêng-le̍k** : chhái-iōng hok-ha̍p chong-kah, hō· phó·-thong ê phàu-tôaⁿ chin oh-tit kā phah thàng-kòe; chhái-iōng chú-tōng chong-kah, tí-khòng choan-iōng chhoan-kah-tôaⁿ ê kong-kek; chhái-iōng hun-chhng ê ki-su̍t, thê-kôan chéng-thé seng-chûn lêng-le̍k, che-í-gōa, iá-koh kū-pī khah ôan-siān ê hông to̍k-khì ê kong-lêng.\n\n* **Ki-tōng lêng-le̍k** : than-kek kū-iú tāi-iok 1500 bé-la̍t ê hoat-tōng-ki, siong-tòng î hóe-chhia a̍h-sī ki-tōng-chhia ê tōng-le̍k; liān-tōa (履帶) he̍k-chiá to-lûn-sek ê hêng-sú hē-thóng, chìn-1-pō· thê-kôan thán-kek pôaⁿ-soaⁿ kòe-niá ê lêng-le̍k; âng-gōa-sòaⁿ chiàm-bōng-kiàⁿ hē-thóng ē-tàng pó-chèng thán-kek-chhia liông-hó ê thong-sī lêng-le̍k; lēng-gōa, gâu liâu-chúi kah iu-siù ê chúi-bīn hêng-sú lêng-le̍k hō· thán-kek-chhia kū-pī chúi-lio̍k chok-chiàn ê hāu-lêng. Chit-chūn, tōa-to-sò· ê thán-kek, lóng ū 70 kong-lí í-siōng ê o̍at-iá sok-tō·, 60-tō· ê peh-kiā lêng-le̍k, ē-tàng lòng-kòe 1 kong-chhioh kāu ê piah-chhiûⁿ, chia̍h-chúi chhim-tō· ta̍t-kàu 2 kong-chhioh, tiàm chúi-bīn hâng-hêng 10 kong-lí bô būn-tôe. Kū-pī chiah-nī chōe iu-liông ê sèng-lêng, ē-tàng khòaⁿ-chhut thán-kek ê ki-tòng sèng sī kî-thaⁿ ê khì-chhia éng-góan bô hoat-tō· thang pí-phēng--ê.\n\nThán-kek-chhia ê lūi-pia̍t\n--------------------------\n\nThán-kek-chhia ē-tàng hun-chòe 4-chióng ê lūi-hêng : **chú-chiàn thán-kek**, **tiong-hêng thán-kek**, **khin-hêng thán-kek** kah **te̍k-chéng thán-kek**. \n\n**chú-chiàn thán-kek** chú-iàu sī iōng-lâi kah te̍k-jîn ê thán-kek chok-chiàn; **tiong-hêng thán-kek** chú-iàu sī phòe-ha̍p pō·-peng chok-chiàn; **khin-hêng thán-kek** ē-tàng iōng kun-lām ūn-sàng a̍h-sī khong-ūn kàu chok-chiàn ê só·-chāi, iōng-lâi phòe-ha̍p khong-kàng-peng a̍i-sī hái-kun lio̍k-chiàn-tūi ê chok-chiàn; **te̍k-chióng thán-kek** it-poaⁿ sī bô-lâng kà-sái ê khin-hêng thán-kek, ē-sái tī chiàn-tiûⁿ téng chò chin-chhat, mā ē-sái iōng-lâi chài-móa hóe-io̍h chhiong-ji̍p te̍k-kun ê tiōng-iàu kun-sū siat-si, liáu-āu kā i chà-tiāu.\n\nPhêng-lūn\n---------\n\nThán-kek ê chok-iōng tong-jiân chin tiōng-iàu, put-lī-kò nā-sī bô kî-thaⁿ peng-chióng ê phòe-ha̍p kah chi-chhî, mā-ē chiâⁿ-chòe hóan thán-kek pō·-peng kah bú-chong ti̍t-seng hui-ki ê bah-tiam, ho· i bô hoat-tō· hoat-hui kong-hāu. Ōe koh kóng tò-tńg, ká-sú te̍k-jîn ê pō·-peng nā bô phòe-pī tùi-hū thán-kek ê tàng-bú-khì, tng-tong i cho-siū thán-kek kong-kek ê sî-chūn, kióng-kiaⁿ mā-ē chin put-hēng, hōan-sè chún-sǹg Sun-bú chāi-sè mā bô i hoat, chí-hó khòaⁿ-phòa **kin-liâu, khah-bōe tú-tio̍h pa̍t-tiâu** .","meta":{"title":"Tank","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1666,3634,0.45844799119427626],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4208}} -{"text":"**Lâm-hiòng chèng-chhek (南向政策)**sī 1990 nî-tāi sî iû Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chèng-hú khé-tōng ê chi̍t chióng goā-kau kap keng-chè chèng-chhek, thui-tōng keng-chè tâu-chu óng Tang-lâm-a choán-î, pēng ì-tô͘ sú-iōng keng-chè le̍k-liōng khok-tiong chi̍t-koá chèng-tī éng-hióng-la̍t. Tē-it pho lâm-hiòng tâu-chu tī 1993 nî. 1994 nî 3 goe̍h, Tâi-oân chèng-hú thong-kòe *Ka-kiông tùi Tang-lâm-a Tē-khu Keng-bō͘ Ha̍p-chok Kong-niá*, pau-hâm Thài-kok, Má-lâi-se-a, ìn-nî, Hui-li̍p-pin, Sin-ka-pho, Oa̍t-lâm, Brunei 7 ê kok-ka, tī keng-chè kau-liû siōng tit-tio̍h bē-bái ê hāu-kó. Tān-sī kàu Lí Teng-hui chèng-hú sî-tāi āu-kî, Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k kái-kek khai-hòng ê kûn-chū hāu-èng toā-pak cheng-kiông, lâm-hiòng chèng-chhek chiām-chiām sit-hāu; iû-kî sī tī 1997 nî a-sè-a hong-pō liáu-āu, hō͘ tâi-siong thiat-chu bē-chió.\n\n2010 nî-tāi liáu-āu, tòe Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k kang-chu kap keng-êng sêng-pún tiòng-koân, Tâi-siong koh ta̍uh-ta̍uh cheng-ka tùi Tang-hia̍p kok-ka ê tâu-chu, lâm-hiòng chèng-chhek koh-chài siū-tio̍h tiōng-sī.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTòe choân-kiû-hoà lōng-tiâu, choân-kiû ê bō͘-e̍k hō͘-siong i-chûn-tō͘ iû 1980 nî ê 28％, thê-ko chì 1998 nî ê 48％. Tâi-siong chéng-thé tùi-goā tâu-chu ê kui-bô͘ tòe chhiúⁿ-siong choân-kiû-hoà pò͘-kio̍k ta̍uh-ta̍uh khok-tiong; iû 1980 nî ê 18-ek Bí-kim cheng-ka chì 1989 nî ê 77-ek Bí-kim; iû-kî Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k ê kái-kek khai-hòng āu, sè-kài kang-chhiúⁿ khai-sí sêng-hêng, khip-ín toā-liōng tâi-siong chiân-óng tâu-chu, Lí Teng-hui chèng-hú hi-bāng kiám-kē chit-khoán chi̍p-tiong hiān-siōng, só͘-í chiah kò͘-sióng lâm-hiòng chèng-chhek, thê-kiong hú-tō kap iu-hūi tāi-khoán khip-ín óng tang-lâm-a tâu-chu ê ì-goān.","meta":{"title":"Lâm-hiòng chèng-chhek","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1645,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1856}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Chiáu-lô |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Solanales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Convolvulaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Ipomoea* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***I. quamoclit*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Ipomoea quamoclit***L. |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Chiáu-lô** (Hàn-jī: 蔦蘿; Eng-gí: cypress vine; ha̍k-miâ: Ipomoea quamoclit L.) ia̍h sī kiò **sin-niû-hue**, chi̍t-nî-seⁿ tîn-pún si̍t-bu̍t. Goân-pún seⁿ-tī jia̍t-tāi Bí-chiu, tī 1911 nî tùi Ji̍t-pún ín-ji̍p-lâi Tâi-oân chai-chèng.\n\nThoàⁿ-chéng ê hoat-tō·\n----------------------\n\nChhái-iōng chéng-chí pò-chéng-hoat, hoat-gê-lu̍t koân, gâu seⁿ-thoàⁿ.\n\nSeng-tióng ê koàn-sì\n--------------------\n\nSeng-tióng ê sok-tō· kín, tī iú-ki-chit thô·-jiáng seⁿ tio̍h chiâⁿ hó-sè, seng-tióng kî-kan ài chù-ì im-chúi kap si-phûi; kah-ì kui-kang ū-ji̍t ê khoân-kéng, ji̍t-thâu nā bô-kàu, kan-taⁿ hoat keng-ki bē khui-hoe.\n\nIōng-tô·\n--------\n\nHio̍h-á kap hoe lóng chin-súi, khoàⁿ-súi ê soan-tîn si̍t-bu̍t.\n\nHêng-thài\n---------\n\nHio̍h-á hō·-seng, ú-chōng, sió-hio̍h iù-iù tn̂g-tn̂g nā-chhiūⁿ chiam. \n\nHoe chhim âng-sek mā-ū pe̍h-sek; hoe-koan nā-chhiūⁿ lāu-á, hoe-tâng iù-iù tn̂g-tn̂g, chiâⁿ-bīn khoàⁿ gō·-chheⁿ-hêng; chū-thâu pe̍h-sek thâu-chōng. Hoe-pèⁿ sió-kóa-á chho·-chho· kāu-kāu.\n\nKoé-chí sī sok-kó, ke-nn̄g-hêng, chū-thâu siù-chûn tī koâng-téng, chiâⁿ-chò 1 ê chiam-chiam ê hêng. Chéng-chí khò-ngē sī o·-sek ê.","meta":{"title":"Chiáu-lô","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[175,1224,0.14297385620915032],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1659}} -{"text":"\n\n***Góan Lú-iú kah Tiok-má-chi-iú ê Hiong-hām Siu-lô-tiûⁿ*** (俺の彼女と幼なじみが修羅場すぎる) sī Jū-sî Iu-sī só͘ siá ê khin-sió-soat, chhap-tô͘ sī LLO. I ū hông kái-chò bàng-gah kap tōng-oē.\n\nKò͘-sū\n------\n\nChú-kak Kùi-tông Jōe-thài sī ê sêng-chek iu-siù ê ko-tiong-seng, \nūi-tio̍h pang Tiok-má-chi-iú Chun-siàu Chhian-hô tī-pēⁿ bōng-sióng kó-tiâu i-hak-īⁿ. \nM̄-kuh bó͘ chit-kang tông-pan tông-ha̍k Hā-chhoan Chin-liông in-ūi tòng-bē-tiâu ka-kī siuⁿ siū hoan-gêng ê koan-hē iah hiòng i kò-pe̍k, \nài Jōe-thài chò i ê ké lâm-iú,\npēng-chhiáⁿ tī ha̍k-hāu ké-chò ài-jîn-á. Āu-lâi koh saⁿ-liân-sòa chhut-hiān chū-chheng sī Jōe-thài chêng-sì-lâng chêng-jîn ê tiong-jī-pēⁿ hoān-chiá Chhiu-siáu Ki-hiong, \nka̍p chap nî chêng ham Jōe-thài tan-hong-bīn tèng-hā hun-iok ê tiok-má-chi-iú Tong-hái Ài-i.\n\nJîn-bu̍t\n--------\n\nKùi-tông Joē-thài (季堂 鋭太, *Kidō Eita*?)\nChú-kak. Chiū-tho̍k koān-li̍p Ú-kin-san Ko-tiong 1 nî 1 pan, 15 hòe. Ēng hù-kīn ê kok-li̍p tāi-ha̍k i-ha̍k-hē chióng-ha̍k-kim ūi bo̍k-phiau, ūi-tio̍h chhú-tit pó-sàng miâ-gia̍h, tùi tú ji̍p-o̍h to chīn-la̍t tī ha̍k-si̍p, sêng-chek iû tiong-ha̍k sî ê tiong-hā, chìn-pō͘ kàu choân-hāu tē-it peh-chap-peh-miâ. Kok-saⁿ joa̍h-thiⁿ sî chhù-piⁿ Chhian-hô in chhia-hō tāng-siong iah pī-pek hòng-khì kiàm-tō, kāng-chi̍t-ê sî-kî siang-chhin soah lóng bô hū-chek-jīm tàn-lo̍h i chit ê hāu-seⁿ iah lī-hun ham kok-chū ê ài-jîn kiàn-li̍p sin-liû-kám ka-têng, chit nng-miâ kiāⁿ sū hō͘ i ê kè-ta̍t-koan tāi-hok kái-piàn, chū-àn-ne tùi loân-ài phō-tî tioh kiông-lia̍t ê put-sìn-jīm, pēng li̍p-chì kut-la̍t tha̍k-chheh chiâⁿ-chò i-seng ēng tī-hó Chhian-hô ê io-siong.","meta":{"title":"Góan Lú-iú kah Tiok-má-chi-iú ê Hiong-hām Siu-lô-tiûⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1478,3059,0.4831644328211834],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Góan Lú-iú kah Tiok-má-chi-iú ê Hiong-hām Siu-lô-tiûⁿ
    俺の彼女と幼なじみが修羅場すぎる
    Lô-má-jīOre no Kanojo to Osananajimi ga Shuraba Sugiru
    Lūi-hêngHarem, Romantic comedy, Slice of life
    \nLight novel
    Chok-chiá\nJū-sî Iu-sī
    Chap-tô͘\nLLO
    Chhut-pán\nSoftBank Creative
    Tùi-siōng\nMale
    Bûn-khò͘\nGA Bunko
    Liân-chāi\nFebruary 15, 2011 – chit-má
    Chip-sò͘\n11
    \nBàng-gah
    Chok-chiá\nYūji Yūji
    Illustrated by\nNanasuke
    Chhut-pán\nSquare Enix
    Demographic\nSeinen
    Cha̍p-chì\nGangan Joker
    Original run\nJuly 2011 – April 2014
    Volumes\n7
    \nBàng-gah
    Ore no Kanojo to Osananajimi ga Shuraba Sugiru 4-koma
    Chok-chiá\nYūji Yūji
    Illustrated by\nMarimo
    Chhut-pán\nSquare Enix
    Demographic\nSeinen
    Cha̍p-chì\nYoung Gangan
    Original run\nOctober 21, 2011 – April 5, 2013
    Volumes\n2
    \nBàng-gah
    Ore no Kanojo to Osananajimi ga Shuraba Sugiru+H
    Chok-chiá\nYūji Yūji
    Illustrated by\nShinya Inase
    Chhut-pán\nSquare Enix
    Demographic\nSeinen
    Cha̍p-chì\nBig Gangan
    Original run\nOctober 25, 2011 – October 25, 2012
    Volumes\n2
    \nBàng-gah
    Ore no Kanojo to Osananajimi ga Shuraba Sugiru Ai
    Chok-chiá\nYūji Yūji
    Illustrated by\nMutsutake
    Chhut-pán\nSquare Enix
    Demographic\nSeinen
    Cha̍p-chì\nBig Gangan
    Original run\nDecember 25, 2012 – August 24, 2013
    Volumes\n1
    Tiān-sī tōng-ōe
    Gôan-tio̍h裕時悠示
    Kàm-tok龜井幹太
    Kio̍k-pún Thóng-tiû浦畑達彦
    Jîn-bu̍t Siat-tēng大塚舞
    Im-ga̍k太田雅友
    Tōng-oē Chè-chokA-1 Pictures
    Chè-chok「我修羅」製作委員会
    Tāi-lí Hoat-hêng\"Ji̍t-pún Aniplex
    Hòng-sàng Tiān-sī-tâi參照播放電視台
    Hòng-sàng Sî-kan2013年1月5日－3月30日
    Báng-lō͘\"Bí-kok\"Liân-ha̍p Crunchyroll
    \"Flag 乐视网
    Chi̍p-sò͘全13話
    Pán-khoân©Yuji Yuji, SoftBank Creative Corp./OreShura Project
    Pang-bô͘ soat-bêng
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1827}} -{"text":"**Si̍t-bîn-tē** (殖民地) sī teh kóng 1-ê kok-ka (a̍h-sī tē-khu) ê **chèng-tī kah keng-chè** khì hō͘ pia̍t-ê kok-ka khòng-chè, pún-kok sit-khì to̍k-li̍p kah chú-chhâi ê kôan-lī, i ê kok-ka (a̍h-sī tē-hng ) chu-gôan siū lâng khau-pak a̍h-sī pà-chiàm, chit-khóan ê kok-ka (a̍h-sī tē-khu ) hō͘-chòe **si̍t-bîn-tē**. Pìh-jû-kóng, Ìn-tō͘ kah Hiong-káng khah-chá sī Eng-kok ê si̍t-bîn-tē; Tâi-ôan chêng-keng sī Ji̍t-pún ê si̍t-bîn-tē. Hiān-chú-sî, sè-kài-siōng tōa-to-sò͘ ê si̍t-bîn-tē chha-put-to lóng têng-thâu he̍k-tit to̍k-li̍p--ah, iah sè-kài si̍t-bîn thé-hē mā í-keng bô chûn-chāi lo·h. Put-jī-kò ôan-á ū sió-pō͘-hūn ê si̍t-bîn-tē kàu-taⁿ iá-bōe to̍k-li̍p, phì-jû-kóng Puerto Rico, Guam, Guantanamo chia-ê só͘-chāi iu-gôan cho-siū Bí-kok ê si̍t-bîn thóng-tī, m̄-koh in ū it-tēng ê chū-tī-kôan. \n\nSi̍t-bîn chú-gī ê chèng-chhek mā it-kòan siū-tio̍h sè-kan-jîn ê phoe-phêng.\n\nSiong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* Cho͘-kài\n* Lōe-pō͘-si̍t-bîn\n* Sin-si̍t-bîn-chú-gī","meta":{"title":"Si̍t-bîn-tē","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[52,948,0.05485232067510549],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1115}} -{"text":"Chin-chong\n**Hûn-ki̍p Chhit-chhiam** (雲笈七籤) sī chi̍t phō Tō-kàu ê lūi-su, tī Pak Sòng Chin-chong Thian-hi nî-kan oân-sêng, pian-chi̍p-chiá sī Tiuⁿ Kun-pông. Lōe-iông chú-iàu ū Tō-kàu ê kàu-lí kàu-gī, pún-sí goân-liû, keng-hoat thoân-siū, pì-iàu koat-hoat, chu-ka khì-hoat, kim-tan, hng-io̍h téng-téng, ū \"Sió Tō-chōng\" ê miâ-hō, lo̍h-bóe iā siu-ji̍p *Chèng-thóng Tō-chōng* *Thài-hiân-pō͘* lāi.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* *Hûn-ki̍p Chhit-chhiam* ê choân-bûn\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTō-chōng |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chiân-sin | *Sam-tōng Keng-su Bo̍k-lio̍k* |\n| |\n| Tông | *Khai-goân Tō-chōng* |\n| |\n| Goân | *Hiân-to͘ Pó-chōng* |\n| |\n| Chheng | *Tō-chōng Chi̍p-iàu* |\n| |\n| Bîn-kok | *Tō-chōng Cheng-hôa* |\n| |\n| Kiōng-hô-kok | *Chōng-gōe Tō-su* · *Tun-hông Tō-chōng* · *Tiong-hôa Tō-chōng* |\n| |\n| Hun-lūi-hoat | Sam-tōng Sù-hú |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | *Hûn-ki̍p Chhit-chhiam* |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Hûn-ki̍p Chhit-chhiam","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[322,733,0.4392905866302865],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1225}} -{"text":"Hûn-tit-sin\n**Hûn-tit-sin** (Hàn-jī: 賁德新, 1863 nî–1933 nî), goân-miâ **Bernt Berntsen**, sī Nô͘-ui-Bí-kok Ki-tok-kàu lâi Tiong-kok ê Thôan-káu-sū, Sú-tô͘ Sìn-sim-hōe ê chhòng-pān-lâng. Hûn-tit-sin tī Tiong-kok jī-cha̍p-káu nî(1904-nî-1933-nî). I chhòng-li̍p ê Sú-tô͘ Sìn-sim-hōe āu-lâi tī 1914-nî kui-sio̍k Sîn-tiàu-hōe, Hûn-tit-sin tī Tiong-kok tài-niá Tiuⁿ Lêng-seng kah Gūi Pó-lô téng-téng lâng kui-sìn Ki-tok-kàu chi Gō͘-sûn-chat phài-hē, tī Ti̍t-lē-séng (kin-á-jit Hô-pak-séng) ê Tōa-miâ-hú, Chèng-tēng-hú í-ki̍p Pak-kiaⁿ-chhī sêng-li̍p Thôan-kàu-khu（mission station）. Hûn-tit-sin tùi Chin Iâ-so͘ Kàu-hōe chá-kî thôan-kàu kang-lâng ê éng-hióng-le̍k bē-chió, I iā-sī chá-kî Gō͘-sûn-chat ūn-tōng thôan-kàu Tiong-kok ê Thoân-kàu-sū khí-gôan-chiá (Missionary Progenitor) chi-it.\n\nSeng-pêng\n---------\n\n### Chá-nî seng-gâi\n\nHûn-tit-sin sī 1863-nî 1-go̍eh 1-ji̍t chhut-seⁿ tī Nô͘-ui ê Larvik chi̍t-ê Ki-tok-tô͘ ka-têng, in lāu-pē sī Ole Berntsen. Hûn-tit-sin saⁿ-cha̍p-hòe ê sî-chūn (1893-nî) î-bîn khì Bí-kok, tī Illinois ê Chicago chi̍t-keng cha̍p-hòe-tiàm kang-chok. Chhit nî āu (1904-nî 9-go̍eh 6-ji̍t) i tī Illinois ê Cook County tit-tio̍h Bí-kok kong-bîn。\n\nHun-in\n------\n\nHûn-tit-sin tī 1890 nî-tāi kah Magna Berg kiat-hun; in ê hāu-seⁿHenry Berntsen sī 1900-nî 8-go̍eh tī Chicago chhut-seⁿ, chiap-tio̍h in ê chau-kiáⁿRuth Berntsen sī 1910-nî 8-go̍eh 26-ji̍t chhut-seⁿ.\n\nTē-it-kài lâi Tiong-kok\n-----------------------\n\n1904-nî, Hûn-tit-sin sì-cha̍p-hòe ê sî-chūn kah ka-têng teng-chûn lâi-khì Tiong-kok, khai-sí tī Eng-kok thôan-káu-sū Horace W. Houlding sô͘ kiàn-li̍p tī Ti̍t-lē-séng Tōa-miâ-hú ê Lâm Ti̍t-lē Hok-im-hōe Thôan-kàu-khu khai-sí soan-kàu.\n\nChiap-chhiok Gō͘-sûn-chat ūn-tōng\n---------------------------------\n\n1906-nî 12-go̍eh, Hûn-tit-sin gián-tho̍k chiông Los Angeles chhut-pán ê *Sú-tô͘ Sìn-sim-pò*, 1907-nî I chham-ka Siōng-hái kí-pān ê \"Thôan-kàu Chi̍t-pah Chiu-nî Hōe-gī\" lâi chhâ khòaⁿ ū lâng chai-iáⁿ sèng-lêng ê siū-sé chit kiāⁿ tāi-chì--bô, tān-sī in phoe-phêng chit-sī \"mô͘-kúi ê chok-kang\". Hûn-tit-sin tùi in ê kóng-hoat bô móa-ì, tān-sī i iā-sī tńg khì gôan-lâi ê Thôan-kàu-khu. Teng-khì bô-kú I siu-tio̍h chiông Chicago chi̍t-ê pêng-iú siá ê phoe, kóng I tit-tio̍h sèng-lêng ê siū-sé. Hûn-tit-sin siūⁿ-beh thé-giàm chi̍t-ê keng-giām, só͘-í chē-chûn khì Bí-kok khì khòaⁿ-māi.\n\n1907-nî 8-go̍eh, Hûn-tit-sin kàu Seattle chham-ka Martin L. Ryan kí-pān ê ho̍k-heng-hōe (revival meeting), tān-sī I chit-kài bô tit-tio̍h sèng-lêng ê siū-sé. I khì California ê Oakland chham-ka William F. Manley só͘ pān ê kî-tó-hōe, tān-sī iā-sī bô thé-giàm. Hûn-tit-sin chòe-āu chiân-óng Los Angeles ê \"Azusa Street Mission\" kiû sèng-lêng ê chhiong-móa, I chiong-î tī 1907-nî 9-go̍eh 15-ji̍t tit-tio̍h sèng-lêng ê siū-sé kah kóng-lêng-giân. Azusa Street Mission ê léng-siù thiaⁿ-kìⁿHûn-tit-sin ê kiàn-chèng chi-āu, in beh hō͘ I pó͘-chō͘-kim, lâi chi-chhî i tī Tiong-kok ê Thoân-kàu kang-chok. I teng-khì Seattle, kah cha̍p-it ūi Gō͘-sûn-chat Thoân-kàu-sū chhòng-li̍p chi̍t-ê pò͘-tō-thôan chheng-chok \"Sú-tô͘ Sìn-sim-hōe\" (ah-sī chheng-chok **Sìn-sim-hōe**)。\n\nSú-tô͘ Sìn-sim-hōe\n------------------\n\n1908-nî, Hûn-tit-sin kah Sú-tô͘ Sìn-sim-hōe Thoân-kàu-sū tī Tiong-kok Hô-pak-séng Chèng-tēng-hú khai-sí thoân-kàu, ū 4-ê gōa-kok-lâng in-ūi bē-hiáu kóng Tiong-bûn, gí-giân bô-thong só͘-í in lī-khui kàu Siōng-hái ha̍k-si̍p Tiong-bûn. Hûn-tit-sin cho͘ chit-keng tiàm móe-ji̍t kí-hêng pò͘-tō-hōe, bōe-chió kûn-chiòng, iû-kî-sī bô-chîⁿ-lâng, lâi thàm-thiaⁿin ê kóng-tō. 1910-nî Hûn-tit-sin hō͘ saⁿ-cha̍p ê bô-chîⁿ-lâng lâi sìn Iâ-so͘. I chin jia̍t-sim chiàu-kò͘ ko͘-jî, chân-chiòng-lâng, chhàu-hī-lâng-ê, bông-bo̍k-ê、é-káu-ê、liû-lōng-chiá téng-téng ê khó-liân-lâng.\n\nChiông 1910-nî 4-go̍eh kàu 11-go̍eh, Hûn-tit-sin chē-chûn khì Nô͘-ui, Sūi-tián、Tan-be̍h thàm-hóng chhin-pêng hó-iú , i kāng sî-chūn kah Nô͘-ui Gō͘-sûn-chat ūn-tōng léng-siù Thomas Ball Barratt í-ki̍p Erik Andersen Nordquelle kiàn-li̍p koan-hē, chi-āu teng-khì Tiong-kok \n\nI Chiông 1912-nî khai-sí chhut-pán Tiong-bûn ê khan-bu̍t chheng-chok *Thong-thôan Hok-im Chin-lí Pò*, lōe-iông kiông-tiāu ki-tok-tô͘ pit-su siū Sèng-lêng. In tī Chèng-tēng-hú soan-kàu it-ti̍t-kàu 1916-nî, in î-sóa kàu Pak-pêng (kin-á-jit ê Pak-kiaⁿ). Chiap-siū Sóe-lé ê sìn-tô͘ ū pau-koat Tiuⁿ Lêng-seng (1910-nî) kah Gūi Pó-lô (1916-nî).\n\nChiông 1914-nî, ū-ê Sú-tô͘ Sìn-sim-hōe Thoân-kàu-sū, pau-koat Hûn-tit-sin khai-sí kui-sio̍k Sîn-tiàu-hōe 。\n\nIú-koan An-hioh-ji̍t ê būn-tê\n-----------------------------\n\n1916-nî, Tiuⁿ Lêng-seng lâi hóng-būn Hûn-tit-sin, kiàn-gī I kín-siú lé-pài-la̍k ê An-hioh-ji̍t. Hûn-tit-sin chiap-siū, tī 1916-nî 9-go̍eh 1-jit tē cha̍p-saⁿkî ê*Thong-thôan Hok-im Chin-lí Pò* chèng-sek kong-pò͘ beh siú An-hioh-ji̍t. \n\nTī 1917-nî, Hûn-tit-sin hoat-piáu bûn-chiuⁿ*Lūn An-hioh Sèng-ji̍t tī Tiong-kok ê Ji̍t-kî*, lāi-iông sī kóng： \n\"...tī Tiong-kok ê lé-pài-ji̍t, chiū-sī An-hioh-ji̍t, in-ūi Sai Pòaⁿ-kiû ê lâng, chē-chûn chhut-hái lâi Tiong-kok, in tī hái-lō͘ sî-chūn tek-ka tî-khì chi̍t-ji̍t, só͘-í Tiong-kok ê lé-pài-ji̍t, chiū-sī Sai Pòaⁿ-kiû ê lé-pài-la̍k, hiān-kim tī Eng Bí téng kok-ka ê tē-khu, lé-pài-la̍k sī An-hioh-ji̍t, jî-chhú thui-sǹg, tī Tiong-kok ê tē-khu, siú An-hioh Sèng-ji̍t èng-kai tī lé-pài-ji̍t. \"\n\nChhut-pán ê Tù-chok\n-------------------\n\n* *Thong-thôan Hok-im Chin-lí Pò*, (Popular Gospel Truths, 1912-nî khai-sí chhut-pán)\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ R. G. Tiedemann, *Reference Guide to Christian Missionary Societies in China*, ia̍h 121\n2. ↑ R. G. Tiedemann, *Reference Guide to Christian Missionary Societies in China*, ia̍h 121\n3. ↑ R.G. Tiedemann, \"Reference Guide to Christian Missionary Societies in China: From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Century\", ia̍h 122\n4. ↑ Daniel H. Bays, \"*Indigenous Responses to Western Christianity: Indigenous Protestant Churches in China*\", ia̍h 137\n5. ↑ R. G. Tiedemann, *Handbook of Christianity in China: 1800 to the Present*, ia̍h 550\n6. ↑ Department Passport Application of Bernt Berntsen, dated September 4, 1919.\n7. ↑ R.G. Tiedemann, \"Reference Guide to Christian Missionary Societies in China: From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Century\", ia̍h.138\n8. ↑ Cecil M. Robeck, *The Azusa Street Mission and Revival: The Birth of the Global Pentecostal Movement*, ia̍h.260\n9. ↑ Xi Lian, *Redeemed by Fire: The Rise of Popular Christianity in Modern China*, ia̍h.46\n10. ↑ *See Cecil M. Robeck,* The Azusa Street Mission and Revival: The Birth of the Global Pentecostal Movement*, ia̍h.263*\n11. ↑ Russell P. Spittler, *Pentecostal currents in American Protestantism*, ia̍h.55\n12. ↑ Department Passport Application of Bernt Berntsen, dated September 4, 1919\n13. ↑ David Bundy, *Visions of Apostolic Mission: Scandinavian Pentecostal Mission to 1935*\n14. ↑ Kàu 1936-nî, Miss E.L. Brown sī Sú-tô͘ Sìn-sim-hōe tī Tiong-kok ûi-it ê tāi-piáu. For further information, see R.G. Tiedemann, *Reference Guide to Christian Missionary Societies in China: From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Century*, ia̍h.122\n15. ↑ Steven Kaplan, *Indigenous responses to western Christianity*, p.133\n16. ↑ *Lūn An-hioh Sèng-ji̍t tī Tiong-kok ê Ji̍t-kî*, *Thong-thôan Hok-im Chin-lí Pò*, Tē Cha̍p-saⁿkî, 1917-nî\n\nSiang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n \n\n\n| **Thoân-kàu-sū** |\n| --- |\n| Alexandre de Rhodes - Robert Morrison - David Abeel - Hudson Taylor \nDorothy Stang - James Laidlaw Maxwell - George Gushue-Taylor - George Leslie Mackay -\nJohn Van Nest Talmage - William Burns - Kam-ûi-lîm (Fil) - Thomas Barclay -\nMatteo Ricci Walter Henry Medhurst - Francis Xavier - |","meta":{"title":"Hûn-tit-sin","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1813,6891,0.26309679291829924],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8251}} -{"text":"縮圖|Burj Khalifa\n**Burj Khalifa** (A-la-pek-gí: برج خليفة, \"Khalifa Thah\"), goân-lâi hō **Burj Dubai** (برج دبي), sī tī A-la-pek Liân-ha̍p Thâu-lâng-kok ê Dubai ê chi̍t tòng mô͘-thian-lâu, ū 828 kong-chhioh koân, sī sè-kài siāng koân ê jîn-chō kiat-kò͘, tī 2004 nî 9 goe̍h 21 ji̍t khí-chō; 2010 nî 1 goe̍h 4 ji̍t chèng-sek khai-ēng. Burj Dubai pí chìn-chêng só͘-ū bô-kâng hêng-sek ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t lóng koh kha koân, lâu-chàn mā kha chē.\n\n\"Khalifa\" sī ēng Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan lâi hō, i sī Thâu-lâng-kok ê chóng-thóng kap Abu Dhabi ê emir (siú-tiúⁿ ê chheng-hō).\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Bianchi, Stefania; Critchlow, Andrew (2010-01-04). \"World's Tallest Skyscraper Opens in Dubai\". *The Wall Street Journal*. Dow Jones & Company, Inc. 4 January 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 1461154983529267860004\n* LCCN: sh2010000040\n* GND: 1110912366\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Burj Khalifa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[249,794,0.3136020151133501],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1037}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Soaⁿ-khó͘-koe |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Soaⁿ-khó͘-koe ê hoe |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Violales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Cucurbitaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Momordica* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***M. charantia*** L. var. abbreviata Ser. |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Momordica charantia***L. |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\nSoaⁿ-khó͘-koe ê koé-chí\n**Soaⁿ-khó·-koe** (Hôa-gí: 短角苦瓜, Ha̍k-miâ: *Momordica charantia* L. var. *abbreviata* Ser.), sī chi̍t-nî-seng chháu-chit tîn-pún si̍t-bu̍t; kà-ì kui-kang ū ji̍t-thâu pha̍k ê khoân-kéng. Goân-té seⁿ tī jia̍t-tāi A-chiu, kóng-hoat chèng-chok tī choân-kiû jia̍t-tāi kap a-jia̍t-tāi tē-khu. Tī Tâi-oân kui-hòa hun-pò· tī pêⁿ-tē kàu kē-hái-po̍at soaⁿ-khu; pak-pō· khah-chió khòaⁿ--kìⁿ; seⁿ-tī chhiū-nâ piⁿ-á, soaⁿ-lō·-kîⁿ, he̍k khòng-khoah ê pha-hng-tē.\n\nHêng-thāi\n---------\n\nKeng kim-ku̍t, kńg-chhiu ko·-1-ki bô hun-chhe. \n\nHio̍h-á tan-hio̍h, tn̂g 6 kàu 12 cm，khoah 5 kàu 10 cm; thâu-chêng-toan îⁿ-îⁿ, ki-pō· sim-hêng, ū 5 kàu 7 ê chhim-li̍h, pian-iân kì-á-iân; piáu-bīn choân jû-nńg ê mo·.\n\nHoe n̂g-sek, hoe-koan lêng-liang-hêng ū 5 li̍h, ti̍t-kèng ē tōa-kàu 32 mm; hoe tan-sèng, kang--ê kap bú--ê kāng-chi̍t-châng; hoe tùi hio̍h-á ê kòe-hīⁿ-khang hia seⁿ--chhut-lâi, chi̍t-jiah seⁿ 1 lúi. Kui-tang lóng-ē khui-hoe.\n\nKóe-chi huh-kó (瓠果), ū ti̍t-kiâⁿ pâi-lia̍t chiam-chiam ê chè-á; kàu-se̍k-chúi sî sī kam-á-sek.\n\nSiong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* Khó·-koe","meta":{"title":"Soaⁿ-khó͘-koe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[235,1276,0.1841692789968652],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1701}} -{"text":"Su-to͘-à Phài chhòng-sú-chiá Che-nò͘ ê siōng\n**Su-to͘-à Chú-gī**（Eng-gú：Stoicism），Su-to͘-à koh hoan-e̍k chòe **Su-to͘-a**，Kó͘-tāi Hi-liap kap Lô-má Tè-kok su-sióng liû-phài，thiat-ha̍k-ka Che-nò͘ tī se-goân chêng 3 sè-kí chá-kî chhòng-li̍p，tī Ngá-tián（Athens） ê sî i tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ \"tī mn̂g-lông\"（Hi-liap-gú hoat-im sī Su-to͘-à）káng-ha̍k，thoân-jîn ū Cleanthes kap Chrysippus；tī Lô-má Tè-kok，tāi-piáu su-sióng-ka ū Lucius Annaeus Seneca、Epictetus kap Marcus Aurelius. Su-to͘-à Phài ha̍k-soat í Lûn-lí-ha̍k chòe tiōng-sim，péng-chhî hoàn-sîn bu̍t-chit it-goân-lūn，kiông-tiāu Sîn、Chū-jiân kap lâng sī chit-thé，\"Sîn\" sī ú-tiū lêng-hûn kap tì-hūi，i ê Lí-sèng sìm-thàu kui-ê ú-tiū. Kò-thé \"siáu-ngó͘\" pit-su chiàu chū-jiân lâi seng-oa̍h, thiàⁿ pa̍t-lâng chhin-chhiūⁿ thiàⁿ ka-kī, iông-ha̍p tī kui-ê tāi-chū-jiân. Su-to͘-à Ha̍k-phài jīm-ûi ta̍k-ê-lâng kap ú-tiū kâng-khoán, chí-put-kò͘ lâng sī ú-tiū ê sok-iáⁿ.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSu-to͘-à Phài Lô-má Hông-tè Marcus Aurelius tiau-siōng\nChêng 3 sè-kí chá-kî，Phoenicia lâng Che-nò͘ chhòng-li̍p Su-to͘-à Phài，ha̍k-soat kè-sêng-jîn sī Cleanthes， koh thoân hō͘ Chrysippus. Chá-kî Su-to͘-à Phài ha̍k-chiá khah-chōe sī Sū-lī-a-lâng，āu-kî tāi-to-sò͘ sī Lô-má-lâng. Su-to͘-à Phài su-sióng í Lûn-lí-ha̍k chòe tiōng-sim tiōng-sim kap chá-kî sûn-chhúi Hi-liap thiat-ha̍k bô-kâng，Che-nó͘ sī Ûi-bu̍t Chú-gī-chiá，kiông-tiāu tek-hēng，bô tiōng-sī Hêng-siōng-ha̍k，āu-lâi Su-to͘-à Phài soah chham-ji̍p Pek-la-tô͘ Chú-gī（Platonism），ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á pàng-sak Ûi-bu̍t Chú-gī. Su-to͘-à Phài khah hah-tī thóng-tī-chiá，Alexandros Tāi-ông í-āu ê chōe-chōe kun-chú，lóng chū-chheng sī Su-to͘-à Phài sìn-tô͘. Ti Lô-má tè-kok，1 sè-kí sî ê tāi-sîn Lucius Annaeus Seneca ， chhut-sin lô͘-lē ê Epictetus，kap 2 sè-kí Lô-má Hông-tè Marcus Aurelius，lóng-sī Su-to͘-à Phài ê tāi-piáu ha̍k-chiá，chòe-āu chi̍t-ūi ê tù-chok ū 《**Meditations**》。. Alexandria siâⁿ ê Hi-lia̍p bûn-hoat ha̍k-ka Apollonius Dyscolus iā chhim-siū Su-to͘-à Phài ê éng-hióng.\n\nSu-sióng\n--------\n\nSu-to͘-à Phài péng-chhî Hoàn-sîn Chú-gī Bu̍t-chit It-goân Lūn，hoán-tùi līm-hô hêng-sek ê Lī-goân Lūn，tek-pia̍t sī Platon ê Jī-goân Lūn, cheng-sîn sè-kài kap bu̍t-chit sè-kài ê jī-goân tùi-li̍p, lêng-hûn kap sin-thé ê jī-goân tùi-li̍p, sīm-chì lí-sèng kap hui-lí-sèng ê jī-goân tùi-li̍p. Su-to͘-à Phài jīm-ûi，ú-tiū sī oân-chéng ê sîn-sèng si̍t-thé，iû Sîn, lâng kap Chū-jiân sè-kài kiōng-tông cho͘-sêng. Ú-tiū sī chi̍t-ê thóng-it-thé，chū-jiân, lâng kap Sîn mā-sī chit-thé--ê. Su-to͘-à Phài kā Lûn-lí-ha̍k kap Lêng-hûn Lūn kiàn-li̍p tī Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k téng-bīn，\"Sîn\" sī Ú-tiū lêng-hûn kap tì-hūi，chit-ê î-it ê cheng-sîn，hun-sàn sī bu̍t-chit kò-thé tang-tiong，Sîn-sèng ê cheng-chhùi kap siōng chông-ko ê tì-hūi，tō chûn-chāi sī \"Í-thài\" tiong. Sîn ê lí-sèng sìm-thàu kui-ê ú-tiū，koán-lí kap chiáng-ak kui-ê ú-tiū；lâng sī lêng-hûn kap sin-thé kiōng-tông cho͘-sêng，lâng ê lí-sèng lâi-chū Sîn ê lí-sèng. In-ūi lí-sèng ，lâng ì-sek tio̍h lâng ê bo̍k-tek eng-kai-sī tui-kiû tek-hēng. Lâng chho͘-seng ê sî，chhin-chhiūⁿ tōng-bu̍t àn-chiàu pún-lêng seng-oa̍h，kàu sêng-liân，lí-sèng chiah hoat-tián chhut--lâi. Só͘-ū-lâng lóng kū-pī kâng-khoán ê lí-sèng，kâng sio̍k-tī jîn-lūi tōa-ka-cho̍k，lâng ài tùi kî-thaⁿ-lâng ū chek-jīm，thiàⁿ pa̍t-lâng chhin-chhiūⁿ thiàⁿ ka-kī.\n\nSu-to͘-à Phài jīn-ûi sè-kài iú-hān khiok-sī sî-kan bû-hān，sè-kài put-toān khai-sí kap bia̍t-bông，kî-tiong hoat-seng ê sū-kiāⁿ，múi chi̍t-pái lóng ē tiōng-ián tiông-hiān. Kò-thé \"siáu-ngó͘\" kan-ta ta̍h-ji̍ kap thong-kòe éng-hêng ê sî-kan，chiah ōe-tàng piàn-chōe pau-hâm tī sè-kài chéng-thé ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn. Su-to͘-à Phài ū 1 ê gān-gú：\"Àn-chiàu Chū-jiân lâi seng-oa̍h\"，\"Chū-jiân\" tō-sī ú-tiū ūn-hêng ê kui-lu̍t kui-chek，siū lí-sèng chi-phòe. Lâng sī chū-jiân ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn，lêng-hûn tī chū-jiân tiong siōng úi-tāi siōng ko-kùi，lí-sèng mā-sī lâng ê chú-iàu te̍k-teng，chiâⁿ-chòe lâng kap khîm-siù ê chú-iàu chha-pia̍t，\"Àn-chiàu chū-jiân lâi seng-oa̍h\" tō-sī àn-chiàu lí-sèng lâi kiâⁿ，hō͘ chū-jiân kap lâng ha̍p-chòe chi̍t-ê. Kò-thé \"siáu-ngó͘\" pit-su ài khok-tāi ka-kī，iông-ha̍p kàu kui-ê tāi-chū-jiân. \"Siáu-ngó͘\" ê lêng-hûn kan-ta poe ǹg ko-khong，chìn-ji̍p tāi-chū-jiân ê he̍k-sim，chiah-ōe sêng-chiū siōng koân ê chhiong-si̍t kap oân-boán. Lêng-hûn ài tī chhiⁿ-sîn chi-kan phah-kho͘-poe，tī hia lêng-hûn ōe tit-tio̍h hong-hù ê êng-ióng，kè-siok sêng-tióng，kái-tû só͘-ū ê sok-pa̍k，tńg-kàu pún-goân.\n\nSu-to͘-à Phài siong-sìn bí-tek (virtue) sī hēng-hok ê kun-goân. Bí-tek chhut-tī chū-ngó͘ chún-chat kap lí-sèng，koh-ū tùi pa̍t-lâng ê kong-pêng kong-chèng. Ióng-iú bí-tek ê lâng，ōe-tàng chhiau-oa̍t ūn-miā ê put-hēng，tit-tio̍h chhî-kiú ê hēng-hok kap chin-chiàⁿ ê chū-iû. Bōe-siū tham-thiân-chhi ê khó͘-chhó，liáu-kái chin-siòng，chiáng-ak sū-si̍t，ióng-iú ì-chì-le̍k kap hêng-tōng-le̍k，ōe-tàng ióng-kám tui-kiû ka-kī kap tha-jîn ê hēng-hok.\n\nSu-to͘-à Phài chú-tiuⁿ lâng-lâng pêng-téng，līm-hô lâng lóng eng-kai tit-tio̍h kong-bîn-khoân.\n\nChham-khó Chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Bertrand Russell（Bertrand Russell）. \"tē 28 chiuⁿ〈Su-to͘-à Chú-gī〉\". *《Se-hong Thiat-ha̍k-sú》* (ēng Hôa-gí). Si̍t-pó. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2020-04-10. 2014-11-02 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ N̂g Chèng-khiam (2012). *《Tang-hái Sai-hái \"sim\" \"lí\" sio-thong —— Tiong Sai Bûn-hòa Pí-kàu Thong-e̍k》* (ēng Hôa-gí). hiong-káng: Tiong-hôa Chheh-kiok【Hiong-káng】iú-hān kong-si. ISBN 9789888148615. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2014-11-10. 2014-11-10 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. 1 2 Teng Hok-lêng (2013). \"〈Su-to͘-à Ha̍k-phài ê Sī-ûi-kí-iúOikeiōsis）〉\". *《Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k Thiat-ha̍k Lūn-phêng》* (ēng Hôa-gí). **46**: 1–52. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2020-10-01. 2014-11-02 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Su-to͘-à Chú-gī（Stoicism）","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[669,5722,0.11691716183152744],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6456}} -{"text":"Ū-ê ke-thâu gē-jîn tû-liáu ta̍k-kang tī ke-thâu piáu-ián, tī gē-su̍t cheh-ji̍t kî-kan, mā ū tī bú-tâi téng piáu-hiān. Ke-thâu gē-su̍t khó-lêng sī chi̍t chióng gē-su̍t thui-kóng, phó͘-ki̍p gē-su̍t ê tô͘-kèng.\n**Ke-thâu gē-jîn**sī tī kong-kiōng tiûⁿ-só͘ ūi kong-chiòng piáu-ián se̍k-chhiú kang-hu ê gē-jîn, pau-koat tī ke-thâu piáu-ián ê im-ga̍k-ka, ōe-ka, hêng-ûi gē-su̍t-ka téng-téng.\n\nIn thong-siông sī ūi-tio̍h beh chhú-oa̍t kòe-lō͘-lâng, pēng tit-tio̍h koan-chēng. Ke-thâu gē-jîn ê piáu-ián hêng-sek hoân-to, pí-lūn chhiùⁿ-koa ia̍h ga̍k-khì ián-chàu, kòe-ōe téng-téng. Tī sè-kài siōng, chē-chē toā siâⁿ-chhī lóng ū ke-thâu gē-jîn ê piáu-ián. In-ê piáu-ián koh hō-chò ke-thâu gē-su̍t.\n\nKe-thâu gē-jîn pí-kàu thoân-thóng gē-su̍t piáu-ián-chiá ū hun-pia̍t, āu-piah ê chhin-chhiūⁿ tiān-iáⁿ bêng-chheⁿ, tiān-sī ián-oân, koa-chheⁿ, koa-kio̍k-ka téng-téng, ē chhut-hiān tī sek-lāi tiûⁿ-tē. Ke-thâu gē-jîn piáu-ián ê tiûⁿ-tē sī bián-hùi ê, bô-it-tēng ē tit-tio̍h tong-kio̍k ê ún-chún.","meta":{"title":"Ke-thâu gē-jîn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1023,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1142}} -{"text":"\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| **Chèng-tī ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn** |\n| Bîn-chú |\n| * Bîn-chú ê le̍k-sú\n* Bîn-chú hô-pêng lí-lūn\n |\n| \nKi-pún hêng-sek |\n| * Ti̍t-chiap bîn-chú\n* Tāi-gī bîn-chú\n |\n| \nKó͘-chá hêng-sek |\n| * Ngá-tián ê bîn-chú\n* Lô-má ê bîn-chú\n |\n| \nKî-thaⁿ hêng-sek |\n| * Sím-gī bîn-chú\n* Kiōng-sek bîn-chú\n* Sûi-ki bîn-chú\n* Pau-iông bîn-chú\n* Tāi-gī ti̍t-chiap bîn-chú\n* Úi-jīm bîn-chú\n* Ui-khoân bîn-chú\n* Ke̍k-khoân bîn-chú\n* So͘-liân bîn-chú\n* Hui-chū-iû bîn-chú\n* Kek-chìn bîn-chú\n* Chū-iû bîn-chú\n* Chham-ú bîn-chú\n* Bô-tóng-phài bîn-chú\n* Chong-kàu bîn-chú\n* Ki-tok-kàu bîn-chú\n* Hôe-kàu bîn-chú\n* Keng-chè bîn-chú\n* Sán-gia̍p bîn-chú\n* Tiān-chú bîn-chú\n* Chháu-kun bîn-chú\n* Chiòng-gû chèng-tī\n* To-sò͘ ê pō-le̍k\n* Choân-bîn chèng-tī\n* Siā-hōe bîn-chú\n* Bîn-chú chi̍p-tiong-chú-gī\n* Kî-thaⁿ\n |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n**Bîn-chú** (民主) sī ùi Ji̍t-gí Hàn-jī-sû khip-siu--lâi-ê, chiàu jī ê ì-sù tō-sī jîn-bîn chò-chú, jîn-bîn chú-chhâi, nā Se-kok kāng-chit-ê sû ê sû-goân (pí-lūn *democracy*), sī ùi Hi-lia̍p-gí ián-piàn--lâi-ê, ì-sū sī jîn-bîn thóng-tī. Chit-ê sû ki-pún-tek sī chí 1 khoán chèng-hú ê khoán-sek kap chèng-tī ê chè-tō͘, chò-tīn tī 1 ê siā-kûn iah kok-ka--ni̍h seng-oa̍h ê jîn-bîn, in ka-tī soán-te̍k beh hō͘ chiâ chò léng-tō-chiá (khó-lêng sī chèng-tóng thoân-thé he̍k-chiá-sī kò-jîn), pēng-chhiáⁿ koat-tēng beh hō͘ siáⁿ-lâng lâi chè-tēng hoat-lu̍t.\n\nTī bîn-chú ê khoân-kéng--ni̍h, ē ū tēng-kî kap bô-tēng-kî ê soán-kí, jîn-bîn thàu-koè tâu-phiò lâi kéng thâu-lâng, iah-chiá-sī tùi hoat-lu̍t piáu-ta̍t hí-khó iah hùi-tî. Ki-pún-tek chiah-ê koat-tēng lóng sī kin-kì tâu-phiò phiò-sò͘ ê pí-kàu. Tit-tio̍h siōng-koân phiò-sò͘ ê hit-pêng, in ê soán-te̍k kap ì-kiàn tō siū chiap-la̍p.","meta":{"title":"Bîn-chú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[699,1586,0.4407313997477932],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1942}} -{"text":"Jîn-bîn ji̍t-pò-siā tsong-ha̍p gia̍p-bū tuā-lâu\n**Jîn-bîn ji̍t-pò-siā** (hàn-gú: 人民日報社), sī tiong-kiōng tiong-iong ti̍t-sio̍k sū-gia̍p tan-uī [zh], iah-sī Tiong-kiōng tiong-iong ê sin-bûn ki-kòo [de], si̍t-hîng \"Pian-uí-huē líng-tō hā ê siā-tiúñ hū-tsik-tsè\". 2009-nî, king Tiong-kiōng tiong-iong phue-tsún, jîn-bîn ji̍t-pò tsìn-hîng ki-kòo hām tsit-lîng tiâu-tsíng kái-kik, liáu-āu iū kin-kì huan-tian su-iàu tsìn-hîng tiâu-tsíng, hîng-sîng iû 23-ê luē-siat ki-kòo [de], 1-ê sóo-sio̍k sū-gia̍p tan-uī, 72-ê phài-tshut ki-kòo, 30-tsióng siā-sio̍k pò-khan í-kip kuí-lō ê siā-sio̍k khì-gia̍p tsoo-sîng ê ki-pún ket-kòo.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"人民日报社简介\". *人民网*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2022-02-20. 2022-02-26 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare)\n* Talaat Pasha chhì-sat àn [en] (tshì-sat àn/PashaAssassination of Talaat Pasha)\n* cha̍h-tō hoat-tiān chhiúⁿ [en] (tsa̍h-tō huat-tiān-tshiúñ/Gateway Generating Station)\n* To̍k sí hong-û kí-iau [zh] (读史方舆纪要)\n* Backus–Naur hoān-sek [en] (Huān-sik/Backus–Naur form)\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* Jîn-bîn-bāng (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Jîn-bîn ji̍t-pò siā","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[473,1134,0.41710758377425045],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1318}} -{"text":"\n**Phû-tô-gâ Borgonha Ông-tiâu** ia̍h-sī **Afonsine Ông-tiâu** sī Burgundy Ông-tiâu ê chi̍t-ki, ùi Phû-tô-gâ Pek-chiok Henry thoân--lo̍h-lâi. I sī Burgundy ê Henry ê ban-á.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Khí-goân\n\nPhû-tô-gâ tē-it-ê kok-ông Afonso I\nSiàu-liân ê Henry bô ki-hōe kè-sêng thó͘-tē, só͘-í i chham-ka 11 sè-kí tī Iberian Poàn-tó ê Siu-ho̍k Sit-tē Ūn-tōng. I tī cheng-ho̍k Galicia kap Pak Phû-tô-gâ liáu-āu, kap León ê Alfonso VI ê khè-hiaⁿ-kiáⁿ Teresa kiat-hun. I ê kiáⁿ Afonso Henrique tī 1128 nî kā in a-bú táⁿ-pāi liáu-āu, chiâⁿ-chò Phû-tô-gâ Kok-ông. Kàu 1179 nî kàu-chong Alexander III chiah sêng-jīn Phû-tô-gâ sī chi̍t-ê to̍k-li̍p ê kok-ka. \n\n### Phû-tô-gâ ê Kok-ông\n\nKè-sêng Afonso I ê kok-ông kè-sio̍k tī Siu-ho̍k Sit-tē Ūn-tōng tùi-khòng Mô͘-lú-jîn. Afonso III cheng-ho̍k Algarve, hông hō-chò *Phû-tô-gâ kap Algarve ê Ông*.\n\nPhû-tô-gâ ê kok-kài tī Alcanizes Tiâu-iok hông koat-tēng, tong-sî ê kok-ông Dinis I khai-sí hoat-tián kok-ka.\n\n### Kiat-sok\n\nTī 1383, Beatrice, princess of Portugal kap John I of Castile kiat-hun. Ferdinand I (in a-pa) tī kāng-chi̍t-nî sí-khì, kok-ka chìn-ji̍p 1383-1385 Crisis, chin-khó-lêng ē hō͘ Castile pèng-thun. Chit-ê sî-kî tī 1385 kiat-sok, in-ūi Phû-tô-gâ tī Battle of Aljubarrota ê sèng-lī , John I, Master of Aviz (Peter I ê khè-hiaⁿ-kiáⁿ) chiâⁿ-chò kok-ông, khai-sí House of Aviz.\n\nBurgundy Ông-tiâu ê Kok-ông\n---------------------------\n\n1. Afonso I - *Cheng-ho̍k-chiá* - (1139–1185)\n2. Sancho I - *Si̍t-bîn-chiá* - (1185–1211)\n3. Afonso II - *Tōa-kho͘-ê* - (1211–1223)\n4. Sancho II - *Khiân-sêng ê* - (1223–1248)\n5. Afonso III - *Boulogne lâng* - (1248–1279)\n6. Dinis I - *Si-jîn* - (1279–1325)\n7. Afonso IV - *Ióng-kám ê* - (1325–1357)\n8. Pedro I - *Chân-jím ê* iah-sī *Pêⁿ-chiàⁿ ê* - (1357–1367)\n9. Fernando I - *Iân-tâu ê* - (1367–1383)\n\nPiau-chì\n--------\n\n| Piau-chì | Chheng-ho͘ | Sî-kî |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| | Phû-tô-gâ Kok-ông | 1139–1383 |\n| |  Algarve Kok-ông | 1139–1383 |\n| | Boulogne Pek-chiok | 1216–1260 |\n\nMā khòaⁿ-māi\n------------\n\n* Aviz Ông-tiâu\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ António Henrique R. de Oliveira Marques, *History of Portugal: From Lusitania to Empire*, (Columbia University Press, 1972), 43.\n2. ↑ The title *Count of Boulogne* was held by King Afonso III of Portugal, by marriage to Matilda II, Countess of Boulogne, from 1216 to 1260.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* (Portuguese) The Portuguese monarchs of Burgundy and their history","meta":{"title":"Phû-tô-gâ Borgonha Ông-tiâu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1188,2499,0.47539015606242496],"infobox":["
    Phû-tô-gâ Borgonha Ông-tiâu
    (Casa de Borgonha)
    \n
    Sian-chiân Ông-tiâu ông-sek\nBorgonha Ông-tiâu
    Kok-ka\nPhû-tô-gâ
    Chhòng-li̍p\n1093-nî
    Chhòng-li̍p-chiá\nHenry, Count of Portugal
    Bo̍k-chiân léng-tō\nBia̍t-choa̍t
    Chòe-āu kun-chú\nFerdinand I of Portugal
    Thâu-hâm\n
    Kái-thé\n1383-nî
    Ông-tiâu hun-ki\n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2595}} -{"text":"Retinol (Vitamin A)\n**Bî-tá-bín** (*vitamin*) sī êng-ióng-sò͘, jîn-thé tāi-siā hoán-èng (*metabolic reaction*) su-iàu i, liōng m̄-bián chē.. Bî-tá-bín bô pau-koat kî-thaⁿ pit-su-iàu ê êng-ióng-sò͘ (*essential nutrient*), chhiūⁿ ím-si̍t khòng-bu̍t-chit (*dietary mineral*), pit-su-iàu ê chí-hông-sng (*essential fatty acid*), pit-su-iàu ê amino acid. I mā bô pau-koat kî-thaⁿ chē-chē ē-tàng chhiok-chìn kiān-khong, m̄-koh m̄-sī hui-siông pit-iàu ê êng-ióng-sò͘. \n\nBî-tá-bín sī seng-bu̍t-thé bu̍t-chit (*biomolecule*), tī hoà-ha̍k hoán-èng lāi-té tam-jīm chhui-hoà-che͘ (*catalyst*) kap siū-chit (*substrate*). \n\n1900 nî-tāi chìn-chêng, bî-tá-bín ê liap-chhú lóng-sī khò chia̍h-mi̍h lâi--ê. Chē-chē chia̍h-mi̍h hâm-iú bô-kâng pí-lu̍t ê bî-tá-bín. Nā kan-na khò chia̍h-mi̍h pó͘-chhiong bî-tá-bín, kái-piàn ím-si̍t lōe-iông ē-tit kái-piàn liap-chhú bî-tá-bín ê chióng-lūi kap sò͘-liōng. Chiâⁿ-chē bî-tá-bín ē-sái thú-chûn tī sin-thé, té-sî-kan ê khiàm-khoat thong-siông bē chō-sêng siong-hāi.\n\nJîn-lūi ê Bî-tá-bín\n-------------------\n\nBî-tá-bín ē-sái hun-chò chúi-iông-sèng kap chí-iông-sèng 2 khoán. Chí-iông-sèng ê bî-tá-bín ài thàu-koè chí-hông ê pang-chàn chiah ē-tàng ùi tn̂g-á-tō͘ khip-siu. Ta̍k-chéng bî-tá-bín lóng-ū te̍k-pia̍t ēng tī kúi-nā-chéng ê hoán-èng lāi-té, in-chhú lóng-ū to-chióng ê kong-lêng. \n\nTī jîn-lūi ū 13 chióng ê bî-tá-bín, hun-chò 2 cho͘; 4 chióng chí-iông-sèng ( A, D, E, kap K ), 9 chióng chúi-iông-sèng ( B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12, kap C )\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ 王順隆 (2005). *台語中日語外來語之聲調與日語音節結構的對應關係*. 2005語文教育國際學術研討會. 南台科技大學.\n2. ↑ Lieberman, S, Bruning, N (1990). The Real Vitamin & Mineral Book. NY: Avery Group, 3.\n3. ↑ Kutsky, R.J. (1973). Handbook of Vitamins and Hormones. New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold.","meta":{"title":"Bî-tá-bín","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[254,1703,0.1491485613623018],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2003}} -{"text":"Kin-kì rRNA lâi hun-sek, ē-tàng kā seng-bu̍t ê chìn-hòa oē chò 1 châng hē-thóng-chhiū (phylogenetic tree), lāi-tiong pau-hâm 3 toā-lūi, sè-khún, kó͘-sè-khún, ham chin-he̍k-seng-bu̍t.\nTī seng-bu̍t-ha̍k, **chìn-hòa** (Eng-gí: *evolution*) iā sī kóng **ián-hòa** (演化), sī seng-bu̍t kûn-thé keng-kòe tn̂g sî-kan chiām-chhù piàn-hòa ê kòe-têng. Chit khoán kòe-têng to̍h piáu-hiān tī bu̍t-chéng ê sin sèng-chit kap sin bu̍t-chéng ê sán-seng.\n\nTùi ûi-thoân-ha̍k ê ka-tō͘ lâi kóng, chìn-hòa sī ûi-thoân-chú (*gene*) ê tùi-li̍p-chú pîn-lu̍t (*allele frequency*) piàn-tōng, ín khí 1 ê kûn-thé (*population*) keng-koè kúi-nā tē liáu-aū, in sêng-sio̍k (*heritability*) lâi ê te̍k-sèng (*trait*) kap chó͘-sian bô kāng iūⁿ. Sî-kan chi̍t-ē kú, chit ê thêng-sū tō ē chō-chiâⁿ sin ê chéng. Hiān-chú-sî choân-pō͘ ê seng-bu̍t lóng ē-tit kóng sī kāng hiat-thóng (*common descent*), kúi-nā ek nî ê chìn-hoà chiah chō-chiâⁿ chit-má hō͘-siōng ê cheng-chha. Tē-kiû iáu chûn-chāi--ê ia̍h khu̍t-chéng ê seng-bu̍t chiah-nī chē, chit khoán seng-bu̍t tōⁿ-iūⁿ-sèng (*biodiversity*) ê in-iû tō sī chìn-hoà.\n\nGí-goân kap hoan-e̍k\n--------------------\n\nEng-gí *evolution* ê gí-goân sī La-teng-gí ê *evolutionem*, ì-sù sī \"tián khui\" ná chóa-pún lūi ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Chit jī tī 17 sè-kí í-kēng ū ēng ùi i-ha̍k kap sò͘-ha̍k, hit-chūn ì-sù tāi-khài sī kóng \"oa̍h-mi̍h ê hoat-io̍k kap tōa-hàn.\"\n\n*Evolution* tī hiān-tāi seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê ì-sù sī 1832 nî Charles Lyell khai-sí chhái-ēng--ê. M̄-koh āu-lâi Charles Darwin tī 1859 nî *Chéng ê Khí-goân* kài-siàu i chìn-hòa su-sióng ê sî-chūn chi̍t khai-sí sī bô kóng tio̍h *evolution* chit jī--ê, i ka-ta kàu tē-6 pán ê sî chiah ēng liáu chi̍t kái. Darwin tian-tó khak kah-ì \"kòe siu-kái ê sêng-kè\" (descent with modification) chit khoán piáu-ta̍t; che chi̍t po͘-hūn sī in-ūi \"evolution\" tī hit chūn í-kēng ū \"chìn-pō͘\" ê ì-sù. Jî-chhiá ùi Darwin ê sî-tāi *evolution* it-poaⁿ sī teh kóng phoe-thai ê hoat-tián kòe-têng. Chóng-sī kî-tha kho-ha̍k-ka pí-lūn Herbert Spencer óa-ná ài ēng \"evolution\", chit jī tè-bé soah piàn chò thong-ēng ê kóng-hoat.\n\n\"Chìn-hòa\" (進化) sī chá-kî Ji̍t-pún-ōe tùi *evolution* ê hoan-e̍k, āu-lâi hū-kīn ê Tang-a gí-bûn mā chioh lâi ēng, bo̍k-chêng Ji̍t-gí, Hân-kok-gí kap Oa̍t-lâm-gí (*Tiến hóa*) lóng ēng chham \"chìn-hòa\" tùi-èng ê Hàn-jī-sû. Nā Tiong-kok mā chú-iàu sú-ēng chìn-hòa. Lēng-gōa ū Hoâ-gí-kài ê ha̍k-chiá chú-tiuⁿ \"chìn-hòa\" ê \"chìn\" (進) hit jī ì-sù bô-hó, ū \"chìn-pō͘\" ê ngō͘-kái, jîn-ûi ài kái \"ián-hòa\" (演化) khah hó-sè.\n\nChìn-hòa ê kòe-têng\n-------------------\n\n### Ûi-thoân kap piàn-tōng\n\nChìn-hòa ê hoat-seng su-iàu seng-bu̍t-thé ê ûi-thoân sèng-chit hoat-seng piàn-tōng. Chia-ê sèng-chit, kán-tan lâi kóng sī siū oa̍h-mi̍h thé-lāi ê ûi-thoân-chú só͘ khòng-chè. Phì-jû chi̍t-ê lâng ê ba̍k-chiu ê sek-tī sī chi̍t hāng sèng-chit, che sek-tī siū ûi-thoân-chú khòng-chè, chia-ê ûi-thoân-chú sī tùi chit lâng pē-bú ê ûi-thoân-chú ûi-thoân--lâi, pēng-chhiá ûi-thoân ê kòe-têng ē hoat-seng piàn-tōng.\n\nKho-ha̍k-siōng, ûi-thoân sèng-chit sin-āu ê ûi-thoân-chú kiò ûi-thoân-hêng (*genotype*), kok hêng tùi-èng ê sèng-chit chiū kiò piáu-hiān-hêng (phenotype). Pián-hiān-hêng tû-liáu siū ûi-thoân-hêng khòng-chè, i mā siū khoân-kéng éng-hióng.\n\n### Soán-te̍k goân-lí\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Chū-jiân soán-te̍k\nChū-jiân soán-te̍k sī chìn-hòa thang chō chiâⁿ sek-èng kiat-kó ê kòe-têng, sī hoat-seng tī kûn-thé tang-tiong. Tong kî-tha chhiūⁿ ûi-thoân phiau-liû (*genetic drift*) téng kòe-têng hoat-seng ê sî, ē seng hō͘ chìn-hòa í sûi-ki ê hong-hiòng chìn-hêng. Sòa--lo̍h-lâi chū-jiân soán-te̍k chìn chi̍t-pō͘ ín-chhōa chìn-hòa ê kòe-têng hiòng sek-èng khoân-kéng kap siā-hōe chōng-hóng ê hong-hiòng hoat-tián. Sèng-tek soán-te̍k (*sexual selection*) sī chi̍t-ê koan-hē chū-jiân soán-te̍k ê khài-liām, chin-chē ha̍k-chiá jīn-ûi che ē-tàng sèng chū-jiân soán-te̍k ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, chóng-sī sèng-tek soán-te̍k ē-tàng sán-seng chhut tùi it-poaⁿ seng-chûn lâi kóng bē chin sek-èng ê te̍k-sû sèng-chit. Tong kûn-thé lāi ê bó͘ chi̍t kóa kò-thé kap kî-tha--ê tī seⁿ-thòaⁿ ê sêng-kong thêng-tō͘ ū it-tēng ê chha-pia̍t, chū-jiân soán-te̍k chiō ē hoat-seng.\n\nKiat-kó\n-------\n\nSī-kak tián-sī kín-sok ê khòng-seng-sò͘ té-khòng-sèng (*antibiotic resistance*) chìn-hòa, lāi-bīn *E. coli* tī trimethoprim lông-tō͘ chin-ka ê tang-tiong koh tī phiat-á sì-kè seⁿ-hoat.\nChìn-hòa éng-hióng tio̍h seng-bu̍t-thé koh hong-bīn ê hêng-thé kap hêng-ûi. Siang bêng-hián--ê sī choan-bûn ê hêng-ûi kap sin-thé sek-èng, in sī chū-jiân soán-tek ê kiat-kó. Chia-ê sek-èng thang keng-kòe pang-chō͘ oa̍h-tāng-sèng, pí-lūn chhōe-chia̍h, cháu-siám pó͘-si̍t-chiá (*predator*), ia̍h sī khip-ín kau-phòe, lâi chin-ka sek-ha̍p-tō͘ (*fitness*). Seng-bu̍t-thé chi kan mā hoat-tián ha̍p-chok (*cooperating*) lâi hoáng-èng chū-jiân soán-tek, hong-sek tiāⁿ sī pang-chō͘ chhin-sio̍k, ia̍h sī tùi siang-pêng ū lī-ek ê kiōng-seⁿ (*symbiosis*) chok-iōng. Tn̂g-kî lâi khòaⁿ, chìn-hòa keng-kòe kā chó͘-sian kûn-thé thiah hun chò sin--ê, bô-hoat-tō͘ lām-chéng (*interbreed*) ê gu-lú-puh, sán-seng sin ê bu̍t-chéng,\n\n### Chéng-hòa\n\nChéng-hòa ê sì khoán bô͘-sek.\nChéng-hòa sī chi̍t-ê chéng pun-khui chò nn̄g-ê khah-chē āu-sè chén ê kòe-têng.\n\nŪ chē khoán hong-sek thang tēng-gī \"chéng\" (*species*) ê khài-liām. Beh kéng tò khoán tēng-gī, sī chiàu choan-bûn beh khó-lū ê chéng leh koat-tēng--ê. Pí-lūn, ū-ê chèng ê khài-liām tùi iú-sèng seⁿ-thòaⁿ ê oa̍h-mi̍h sī khah ha̍h-ēng, nā ū-ê sī khah ha̍h bû-sèng ê oa̍h-mi̍h. Sui-bóng ū chē khoán chéng ê koan-liām, in lóng ē-tàng pun chò 3 khoán lí-lō͘ ê kî-tiong chi̍t khoán: sio-kau-phòe (*interbreeding*), seng-thài-sek, kap hoat-seng-ha̍k-sek (*phylogenetic*). *Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k-sek Chéng Khài-liām* (*Biological Species Concept*; BSC) sī sio-kau-phòe-sek ê kó͘-tián àn-lē. Che sī 1942 nî ha̍k-chiá Ernst Mayr tēng-gī--ê, sī kóng \"chéng sī chin-chiàⁿ ia̍h ú-thang sio-kau-phòe ê chū-jiân kûn-thé ê gu-lú-puh, hia ê kûn-thé seⁿ-thòaⁿ-siōng kap pa̍t-ê gu-lú-puh chi kan sī ko͘-li̍p--ê. Che BSC sī siū tn̂g-kî khòa-khǹg ê lī-ēng, chóng--sī oa-ná ū thang gī-lūn, pí-lūn chit lūi koan-liām bô-hoat-tō͘ èng-iōng khì goân-hu̍t seng-bu̍t, jî-chhiá che hō͘ chò chèng ê būn-tê (*species problem*). Ū-ê gián-kiù-chiá ū chhì beh thóng-it chéng ê tēng-gī, ia̍h ū-ê chhái-ēng chē khoán ê lí-lō͘ jî-chhiá chú-tiuⁿ khó-lêng thang ēng bô-kâng hong-sek khì ké-soeh chi̍t-ê chéng ê tēng-gī.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n### Su-chì\n\n* Rice, Stanley A. (2006). *Encyclopedia of Evolution*. Facts on File. ISBN 978-0816055159.\n\n### Chù-kha\n\n1. ↑ Ogawa Naoyosi, pian. (1931). \"chìn-hòa 進化\". *Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten* 臺日大辭典 [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*] (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí). **2**. p. 228.\n2. ↑ Robert Hine (2005). *The Facts On File Dictionary of Biology* (4 pán.). Facts On File. ISBN 978-0-8160-5647-7.\n3. ↑ Hank Campbell (2009-02-21). \"The Evolution Of Evolution\". *Science 2.0*. 2017-06-08 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ Janet Browne (2002). *Charles Darwin: The Power of Place*. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. ISBN 978-0-307-79368-3.\n5. ↑ evolution (n.), *Online Etymology Dictionary*.\n6. ↑ Rice 2006, natural selection\n7. ↑ Baym, Michael; Lieberman, Tami D.; Kelsic, Eric D.; Chait, Remy; Gross, Rotem; Yelin, Idan; Kishony, Roy (2016-09-09). \"Spatiotemporal microbial evolution on antibiotic landscapes\". *Science* (ēng Eng-gí). **353** (6304): 1147–1151. Bibcode:2016Sci...353.1147B. doi:10.1126/science.aag0822. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 5534434 Freely accessible. PMID 27609891. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2016-09-23.\n8. ↑ Gavrilets, Sergey (October 2003). \"Perspective: models of speciation: what have we learned in 40 years?\". *Evolution*. **57** (10): 2197–2215. doi:10.1554/02-727. ISSN 0014-3820. PMID 14628909.\n9. 1 2 3 de Queiroz, Kevin (May 3, 2005). \"Ernst Mayr and the modern concept of species\". *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A*. **102** (Suppl. 1): 6600–6607. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.6600D. doi:10.1073/pnas.0502030102. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1131873 Freely accessible. PMID 15851674.\n10. 1 2 Ereshefsky, Marc (December 1992). \"Eliminative pluralism\". *Philosophy of Science*. **59** (4): 671–690. doi:10.1086/289701. ISSN 0031-8248. JSTOR 188136.\n11. ↑ Mayr 1942, p. 120\n12. ↑ Fraser, Christophe; Alm, Eric J.; Polz, Martin F.; et al. (February 6, 2009). \"The Bacterial Species Challenge: Making Sense of Genetic and Ecological Diversity\". *Science*. **323** (5915): 741–746. Bibcode:2009Sci...323..741F. doi:10.1126/science.1159388. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 19197054.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nSeng-bu̍t-ha̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê hun-chi | \n* Bî-seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Bián-e̍k-ha̍k\n* Chin-khún-ha̍k\n* Chìn-hòa seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Cho͘-chit-ha̍k\n* Êng-ióng-ha̍k\n* Hái-iûⁿ seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Ha̍p-sêng seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Hē-thóng seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Hoà-ha̍k seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Hoat-seⁿ seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Hun-chú seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Io̍h-lí-ha̍k\n* Jîn-thé seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Kái-phò-ha̍k\n* Kià-seng-thâng-ha̍k\n* Kó͘-seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Liōng-chú seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Liû-hêng-pēⁿ-ha̍k\n* Piáu-koan ûi-thoân-ha̍k\n* Pēⁿ-lí-ha̍k\n* Pó-io̍k seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Seng-bu̍t bu̍t-lí-ha̍k\n* Seng-bu̍t chu-sìn-ha̍k\n* Seng-bu̍t hoà-ha̍k\n* Seng-bu̍t hun-lūi-ha̍k\n* Seng-bu̍t le̍k-ha̍k\n* Seng-bu̍t sò͘-ha̍k\n* Seng-bu̍t tē-lí-ha̍k\n* Seng-bu̍t thóng-kè-ha̍k\n* Seng-lí-ha̍k\n* Seng-thài-ha̍k\n* Sè-pau seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Sè-pau bî-seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Sèⁿ-miā khí-goân\n* Sî-kan seng-but-ha̍k\n* Siā-hōe seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Sîn-keng kho-ha̍k\n* Si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* To̍k-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Tōng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Ú-tiū seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Ûi-thoân-ha̍k\n* Ûi-thoân-thé-ha̍k\n\n | |\n| |\n| Sèⁿ-miā ê chân-chhù kiat-kò͘ | \n* Seng-bu̍t-khoan\n* Seng-thài-hē\n* Seng-bu̍t kûn-chi̍p\n* Kò-thé-kûn\n* Sèⁿ-miā-thé\n* Khì-koan hē-thóng\n* Khì-koan\n* Cho͘-chit\n* Sè-pau\n* Sè-pau khì-koan\n* Hun-chú\n\t+ Ko-hun-chú\n\t+ Seng-bu̍t hun-chú\n* Goân-chú\n\n |\n| |\n| Ki-chhó͘ | \n* Sè-pau ha̍k-soat\n* Seng-thài\n* Lêng-liōng\n* Chìn-hoà\n* Ûi-thoân-ha̍k\n* Hêng-siông-sèng\n* Ha̍p-sêng seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi\n\n |\n| |\n| Goân-lí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Chìn-hoà | \n* Sek-èng\n* Ûi-thoân-chú phû-tāng\n* Ûi-thoân-chú liû-tōng\n* Hông-koan chìn-hoà\n* Bî-chìn-hoà\n* Tu̍t-jiân piàn-ī\n* Chū-jiân soán-te̍k\n* Chéng-hun-hoà\n\n |\n| |\n| Seng-thài-ha̍k | \n* Seng-bu̍t to-iūⁿ-sèng\n* Chéng-kan koan-hē\n* Seng-thài-hē\n* Seⁿ-thoàⁿ-tē\n* Seng-thài-ūi\n* Kò-thé-kûn seng-thài-ha̍k\n* Chu-goân\n\n |\n| |\n| Hun-chú seng-bu̍t-ha̍k | \n* Sè-pau sìn-hō thoân-sàng\n* Hoat-io̍k seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Piáu-koan ûi-thoân-ha̍k\n* Kiám-sò͘ hun-lia̍t\n* Iú-si hun-lia̍t\n* Choán-lio̍k-āu siu-siah\n\n |\n| |\n| Seng-bu̍t hoà-ha̍k | \n* Carbohydrate\n* Chi-chit\n* Tāi-siā\n* Hu̍t-sng\n* Kong-ha̍p-sêng\n* Nn̄g-pe̍h-chit\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85046029\n* GND: 4071050-6\n* NDL: 00571035\n* NKC: ph114506\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Chìn-hòa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3636,9871,0.36835173741262284],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":12128}} -{"text":"**Microsoft Windows XP** sī Microsoft siāng sin pán ê Windows Vista chìn-chêng ê tāi-chiòng-hêng Windows chok-gia̍p hē-thóng (OS), tī 2001 nî 10-goe̍h 25 chiūⁿ-chhī. XP chit sû tùi Eng-gí sû *experience* lâi--ê, ì-sù sī \"keng-giām, thé-giām\". Khai-hoat ê khám-chām hō·-chò Whistler.\n\nXP chú-iàu ū 2 ê pán-pún: **XP Home Edition** chiam-tùi it-poaⁿ ê ka-têng iōng-chiá siat-kè--ê, ah **XP Professional** ū ke kóa-á sian-chìn ê kong-lêng, khó-pí kóng ū chi-oān siang-CPU kap chham-ka tiong-iong koán-lí ê tiān-náu (kè-sǹg-ki) khô·-á ê châi-tiāu.\n\n**XP Starter Edition** kan-na tī chi̍t-kóa-á A-chiu kok-ka ū chiūⁿ-chhī, pau-koat Thài-kok, Ìn-nî, Má-lâi-se-a, Lō·-se-a, Ìn-tō·. Chit ê pán-pún ê kong-lêng pí Home Edition khah chió, jī-chhiáⁿ kan-na kah tī sin-bé ê tiān-nāu (kè-sǹg-ki). Phêng-lūn-chiá jīn-ûi che sī Microsoft bīn-tùi Linux thê-chhut ê pān-hoat.\n\nTe̍k-sek\n--------\n\nWindows XP sī tiàm Windows 2000 ê ki-chhó· siōng sin khai-hoat chhut-lâi ê sán-phín, XP ū sin siat-kè chi̍t-ê iōng-hō· tô·-hêng kài-bīn (GUI), hō-miâ chò \"Go̍eh-sîn\" (Luna).\n\n* Go̍eh-sîn sī chi̍t-ê chin-chiàⁿ lè-táu iū-koh pâi-chí ê iōng-hō· tô·-hêng kài-bīn. Windows XP ê sī-thang phiau-chì mā pí í-chá ê pán-pún koh-khah iù-siù, koh-khah gōa-khùi, lóng-chóng iōng tio̍h 4-chióng ê sek-tī. Windows XP pún-sin ū siat-kè chi̍t-kóa-á teng-ji̍p tô·-phìⁿ thê-kiōng hō· lâng sóan-te̍k teng-ji̍p. XP ê toh-á-bīn siat-kè kah ke-chin súi, put-jî-kò nā-chún lí bô-ài, mā ē-tàng ka-kī lâi ōaⁿ-chò hit-lō khah thôan-thóng--ê (*Classic View*). Che í-gōa, W CD DC x CD x SF sex ap\n\nPcx indows XP koh sin siat-kè chi̍t-ê \"sóan-te̍k jīm-bū\" ê iōng-chiá kài-bīn, án-ne, liân kang-kū-tiâu mā ū-hoat-tō· tùi jīm-bū chìn-hêng chheng-chhó koh siông-sè ê hóng-mn̄g. Put-kò, mā ū-lâng jīn-ûi chit-pō· siat-kè bô pit-iàu, kóng che tû-liáu hāi lâng khòaⁿ kah hoe-hoe, cheng-ka tio̍h ba̍k-chiu ê hū-tam í-gōa, pēng-bô kài tōa ê chìn-pō·.\n\n* Windows XP kè-sêng tio̍h Windows 2000 ê an-chôan te̍k-sèng, jî-chhiáⁿ iū-koh sêng-kong hām hóe-piah lâi kap chò chi̍t-ê. Thiaⁿ-í-kóng chit-hāng kái-kek ē-tit chin hó lâi kái-koat Microsoft tn̂g-kî í-lâi tī an-chôan hong-bīn ê khùn-jiáu. Chóng--sī iā ū lâng hiâm chit tó· hóe-piah bô-kàu ū-la̍t. Microsoft āu--lâi sak chhut-lâi SP2 î-siu-chi̍p tō ū-iáⁿ ū ka-kiông hóe-piah ê kong-lêng.\n\n* Microsoft chit-piàn khai-hoat Windows XP chit-thò chok-gia̍p hē-thóng, thiau-kang kā chiâⁿ chōe tē-3-hong ê gōa-pō· nńg-thé sa lâi tàu-tàu chò-chi̍t-ê, che pau-koah: hóe-piah, Mûi-thé Pò·-hòng Ke-si (Windows Media Player) kah Chek-sî Thong-sìn Nńg-thé (Windows Messenger). Chiah-ê gōa-pō· nńg-thé tī í-chá ê chok-gia̍p hē-thóng tang-tiong lóng bô. Che í-gōa, XP lēng-gōa chi̍t-ê kài tiōng-iàu ê te̍k-tiám sī hām Microsoft Passport siong-kiat-ha̍p. Chiah-ê chò-hoat, lō·-bóe lóng-chóng siū-tio̍h phoe-phêng-chiá kiông-lia̍t ê khián-chek, in-ūi ū lióng-tn̄g, kui-óaⁿ-phâng ê hiâm-gî.\n\nService Packs ( Î-siu-chi̍p )\n-----------------------------\n\nMicrosoft bû-tēng-kî thê-kiong Service Packs ( Î-siu-chi̍p ) hō· lâng an-chng. Ho̍k-bū-chi̍p ê bo̍k-tek sī beh siu-pó· nńg-thé ê chhò-gō·, kái-koat hiān tú--tio̍h ê būn-tê a̍h-sī ī-hông bī-lâi hoat-seng būn-tê, siâng-sî mā thê-kiong sin kong-lêng.\n\n### Service Pack 1\n\nWindows XP ê Service Pack 1 (SP1) tī 2002 nî 9-goe̍h 9 khai-sí khai-hòng hō· kò·-kheh. Siāng iàu-kín ê sin kong-lêng pau-koat tio̍h tùi USB ê chi-oān kap 1 ê *Set Program Access and Defaults* applet; che tì-tio̍h iōng-chiá ū-hoat-tō· khòng-chè default iōng ê èng-iōng thêng-sek, mā ū lêng-le̍k khì kā chi̍t-kóa-á Microsoft ê nńg-thé chhàng--khí-lâi.\n\nĀu--lâi koh ū 1 ê Service Pack 1a; che î-it ê bo̍k-tek sī kā Microsoft ê Java virtual machine the̍h-tiāu, lâi boán-chiok Sun Microsystems tùi Microsoft ê su-hoat iau-kiû.\n\n### Service Pack 2\n\nService Pack 2 (SP2) tī 2004 nî 8-goe̍h 6 chhut--lâi, kiông-tiāu an-choân-sèng. Khó-pí kóng ū ka-kiông XP ê hóe-piah, thêng-chí chi-oān *raw socket*, kái-chìn tùi WiFi ê chi-oān, ke 1 hāng chó·-tòng kóng-kò thang-á ê IE kong-lêng, khai-sí chi-oān Bluetooth. Koh ū sin thê-kiong 1 thò API hō· tē-3-chiá ê sàu pēⁿ-to̍k nńg-thé kap hóe-piah ē-tàng hām 1 ê sin \"an-choân tiong-sim\" thêng-sek chih-chiap, mā sī ūi beh ap-chè kàn-tia̍p nńg-thé kap pēⁿ-to̍k.\n\nSP2 sin chi-oān 24 khoán gí-giân khoân-kéng (*locale*), pau-koat kúi-nā-chióng Ìn-tō· gí-giân kap Europa, Latin Bí-chiu, Lâm-hui tē-khu ê jio̍k-sè gí-giân. \n\nChóng--sī, SP2 bô oân-choân pâi-tû iōng-chiá, phêng-lūn-ka tùi XP an-choân-sèng ê kò·-lū. An-chng SP2 ê XP hē-thóng mā ū khó-lêng chō-sêng chi̍t-kóa thêng-sek pìⁿ bē-iōng--tit.\n\nTùi Windows XP ê phoe-phêng\n---------------------------\n\n *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Microsoft Windows ka-cho̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n* Goân-kiāⁿ\n* Le̍k-sú\n* Nî-pió\n* Phoe-phêng\n\n |\n| |\n| DOS | \n* Windows 1.x\n* Windows 2.0\n* Windows 2.1x\n* Windows 3.0\n* Windows 3.1x\n\n |\n| |\n| Windows 9x | \n* Windows 95\n* Windows 98\n* Windows ME\n\n |\n| |\n| Windows NT | \n\n| |\n| --- |\n| \n* Windows NT 3.1\n* Windows NT 3.5\n* Windows NT 3.51\n* Windows NT 4.0\n* Windows 2000\n* Windows XP\n\t+ pán-pún\n\t+ x64\n\t+ Media Center\n\t+ Fundamentals\n* Windows Vista\n\t+ pán-pún\n* Windows 7\n\t+ pán-pún\n* Windows 8\n\t+ pán-pún\n\t+ 8.1\n\t+ RT\n\t+ RT 8.1\n* Windows 10\n\t+ pán-pún\n\n |\n| |\n| Windows Server | \n* Server 2003\n\t+ Home Server\n* Server 2003 R2\n* Server 2008\n\t+ EBS 2008\n\t+ HPC Server 2008\n* Server 2008 R2\n\t+ Home Server 2011\n* Server 2012\n* Server 2012 R2\n* Server 2016\n* MultiPoint Server\n* Server Essentials\n\n |\n| |\n| Choan-iōng | \n* Windows Preinstallation Environment\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Windows Embedded | \n* Embedded Compact\n\t+ CE 5.0\n\t+ Embedded CE 6.0\n\t+ Embedded Compact 7\n* Embedded Automotive\n* Embedded Industry\n* Embedded 8\n\n |\n| |\n| Windows Mobile | \n* Pocket PC 2000\n* Pocket PC 2002\n* Mobile 2003\n* Mobile 5.0\n* Mobile 6.0\n* Mobile 6.1\n* Mobile 6.5\n\n |\n| |\n| Windows Phone | \n* Phone 7\n* Phone 8\n* Phone 8.1\n* 10 Mobile\n\n |\n| |\n| Chhú-siau ê pán-pún | \n* Cairo\n* Nashville\n* Neptune\n* Odyssey\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* **Pán-pún lia̍t-toaⁿ**\n* **Lūi-pia̍t**\n* **Kiōng-hióng chu-goân**\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Windows XP","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2358,5351,0.44066529620631656],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7003}} -{"text":"\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Pún-chiuⁿ sī sio̍k-î **Ki-tok-kàu** hē-lia̍t ê chi̍t-ê pō·-hūn |\n| |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu Le̍k-sú**\nIâ-so͘ Ki-tok\nCha̍p-jī ê Sù-tô·\nTong-hong Kéng-Kàu\nTang-sai Kàu-hōe ê hun-lia̍t\nSi̍p-jī-kun ê Tang-cheng\nChong-kàu ê Kái-kek |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Sîn-ha̍k**\nKi-tok-kàu ê Chông-pài \nIn-tián · Kiù-in \nSan-siōng ê Kàu-hùn \nSi̍t-chāi ê hok-khì\nChú ê Kî-tó-bûn\nCha̍p-tiâu-kài\nSèng-lêng\nTháu-pa̍k sîn-ha̍k\n**Ki-tok-kàu ê Lé-chiat**\nSé-lé\nSèng-chhan-lé |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Sèng-keng**\nKū-iok Sèng-keng\nSin-iok Sèng-keng\nÂng-phoê Sèng-keng |\n| Ki-tok-kàu ê Cheh-ji̍t\nSèng-tàn-cheh\nSèng-tàn Ló-jîn\nKoh-oa̍h-cheh |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Kàu-phài**\nTang-chèng-kàu\nThian-chú-kàu\nIâ-so·-hōe\nTō-bêng-hōe\nKi-tok-sin-kàu\nBí-kok Kong-lí-hōe\nBí-kok Kui-chèng Kàu-hōe\nEng-kok Kok-kàu\nAn-hioh-ji̍t Hōe\nTâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hoē\nGō·-sûn-chat Kàu-phài\nSù-tô·-sìn-sim-hoē \nSîn-tiàu-hōe\nSîn ê Kàu-hoē\nChin Iâ-so· Kàu-hōe\n**Siū chèng-thóng kàu-hōe kheh-che̍h**\nIâ-hô-hoa Kiàn-chèng-jîn\nIâ-so· Ki-tok Āu-kî Sèng-tô· Kàu-hōe\nSin-iok Kàu-hōe\nThóng-it Kàu-hōe |\n\n**Si̍t-chāi ê hok-khì** sī Iâ-so· tī Palestine (Í-sek-lia̍t-kok) chá-kî thôan-hok-im sî-chūn ê só·-ūi chheng-ho· ûi \"San-siōng ê Kàu-hùn\" siú-sian thê-kàu ê. Chit-ê hok-khì sī \"hi-sim ê jîn si̍t-chāi ū hok-khì, ai-thiàⁿ ê lâng ū hok-khì, un-jiû ê jîn si̍t-chāi ū hok-khì, Jia̍t-chhiat khat-bōng ê lâng ū hok-khì, jîn-chû ê jîn si̍t-chāi ū hok-khì, chheng-sim ê lâng ū hok-khì, Ēng jîn-chû tùi-thāi lâng si̍t-chāi ū hok-khì, Ūi-tio̍h si̍t-hêng chí-ì lâi siū pek-hāi ê lâng ū hok-khì.\n\n \n\n\"Chai-iáⁿ tio̍h óa-khò Siōng-chú ê lâng, si̍t-chāi ū hok-khì, in-ūi in ē chiâⁿ-chò Thian-kok ê chú-bîn!\n\n \n\nŪi-tio̍h chōe-kò pi-siong ê lâng, si̍t-chāi ū hok-khì, in-ūi Siōng-chú ē an-ùi in!\n\n \n\nUn-jiû ê lâng, si̍t-chāi ū hok-khì, in-ūi Siōng-chú ē siúⁿ-sù in I só· èng-ún ê!\n\n \n\nJia̍t-chhiat khat-bōng boeh si̍t-hêng Siōng-chú ê chí-ì ê lâng, si̍t-chāi ū hok-khì, in-ūi Siōng-chú ē hō· in bóan-chiok!\n\n \n\nĒng jîn-chû tùi-thāi lâng ê, si̍t-chāi ū hok-khì, in-ūi Siōng-chú ē ēng chû-pi tùi-thāi in!\n\n \n\nSim-koaⁿ sûn-kiat ê lâng, si̍t-chāi ū hok-khì, in-ūi in ē khòaⁿ-kìⁿ Siōng-chú!\n\n \n\nChhiok-chìn hô-pêng ê lâng, si̍t-chāi ū hok-khì, in-ūi Siōng-chú ē sêng-jīn in chò kiáⁿ!\n\n \n\nŪi-tio̍h si̍t-hêng Siōng-chú ê chí-ì lâi siū pek-hāi ê lâng, si̍t-chāi ū hok-khì, in-ūi in ē chiâⁿ-chò Thian-kok ê chú-bîn!\n\n \n\nLín nā ūi-tio̍h Góa, hō· lâng bú-jio̍k, pek-hāi, ēng chióng-chióng ê pháiⁿ-ōe húi-pòng, chiū si̍t-chāi ū hok-khì.\n\n \n\nTio̍h hoaⁿ-hí khòai-lo̍k, in-ūi tī thiⁿ-téng ū chin tōa ê pò-siúⁿ boeh hō· lín, in-ūi kó·-chá hiah-ê tāi-giân-jîn iā-sī án-ne hō· lâng pek-hāi.","meta":{"title":"Si̍t-chāi ê hok-khì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[998,2530,0.39446640316205533],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3014}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Soaⁿ-phô-tô |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Vitales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Vitaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Ampelopsis* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***A. brevipedunculata*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Ampelopsis brevipedunculata***(Maxim.) Trautv. |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Soaⁿ-phô-tô** (Hàn-jī: 山葡萄, ha̍k-miâ: *Ampelopsis brevipedunculata*) kui-sio̍k-tī Phô-tô-kho, kah phô-tô chiâⁿ-sêng, lóng-sī ē soan-tîn peh-koân ê to-nî-seng lo̍h-hio̍h-sèng bo̍k-chit tîn-pún si̍t-bu̍t. M̄-koh i ê hio̍h-á khah sè, koé-chí ū to̍k, bē-ēng-ê chia̍h. I hun-pò· tī pêⁿ-tē kàu ke hái-poa̍t soaⁿ-khu, tiāⁿ hoat tī lō·-piⁿ, kap chhiū-nâ piⁿ. I kah-ì kui-kang ū-ji̍t ê khoân-kéng. Hoe-kî chú-iàu sī tī 4--goe̍h kàu 6--goe̍h.\n\nHêng-thài\n---------\n\nKeng kim-kim ku̍t-ku̍t, he̍k lio̍h-lio̍h-á chho·-chho·, ū siang-chhe ê kńg-chhiu kah hio̍h-á tùi-seⁿ.\n\nHio̍h-á hō·-seⁿ, khoah ke-nn̄g-hêng, ū-sî-á 3 ê hun-lia̍t he̍k 5 ê hun-lia̍t; tūn-tūn ê kì-á-khí-hêng pian-iân; piáu-bīn ū kim-thâu. \n\nHoe chhián-chhián ê chheⁿ-sek, hoe-hio̍h 5 phìⁿ chiâⁿ-gâu la̍k-khì; hoe ê ti̍t-kèng siāng-toā ē kàu 6 mm; chū-sàn hoe-sū kah hióh-á tùi-seⁿ, mā-sī siang-chhe 2 ki.\n\nKoé-chí sī kiû-hêng ê chiuⁿ-kó, chho·-khí-seng sī chheⁿ-sek, choán pe̍h-sek, lo̍h-boé sek-chúi pìⁿ chí-nâ-sek.","meta":{"title":"Soaⁿ-phô-tô","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[203,1170,0.1735042735042735],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1547}} -{"text":"**Uranari** sī Ji̍t-pún chok-ka Pán-kiô Ngá-hông(板橋雅弘) ê khin-sió-soat, iû Gio̍k-oa̍t Phok-hēng (玉越博幸) oē-tô͘. Choân-pō͘ ū gō͘-pún.\n\nKio̍k-chêng\n-----------\n\nKok-tiong saⁿ-nî ê Hek-bo̍k Chún, ū chi̍t-kang, tī i bīn-thâu-chêng chhut-hiān chi̍t-ê chin chhià ê cha-bó͘, hiông-hiông kā i bok.\n\nJîn-but Kài-siāu\n----------------\n\nHek-bo̍k Chún (黒木隼, ハヤブサ (Hayabusa))\nKo-tiong it-nî-á. Chham-ka chhiú-kiû-siā. Seⁿ chò chin koân koh chin sán, só͘-í Chhiò-liông kiò i uranri.\nTêng-sim Chhiò-liông (藤森咲良)\nKo-tiong it-nî-á. Ùi Tiông-iá kàu Tang-kiaⁿ tha̍k-chheh.\n### Chún ê pē-bú\n\nA-pà\nLî-iân liáu-āu kah Chún toà.\nA-bú\nLî-iân āu kah Ná-su kiat-hun.\n### Chhiò-liông ê ka-jîn\n\nNá-su\nChhiò-liông ê lāu-pē. Lî-iân aū kah Chún ê lāu-bú kiat-hun.\nGîn-hô(Ginga)\nTêng-sim sian-siⁿ ê kiáⁿ. Kah-ì Chhiòng-liông.\nHiáng(Hibiki)\nTêng-sim sian-siⁿ kap Chhiòng-liông ê lāu-bú siⁿ ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ. Ià sī âng-eⁿ-á.\n### Chhiú-kiû-pō͘\n\nChiau-hong(Ayakaze)\nChhiú-kiû-siā siā-oân.\nChhut-hûn(Izumo)\nChhiú-kiû-siā siā-oân.\nHū-sū(Huzi)\nKap Chhiò-liông tha̍k kāng-ê ha̍k-hāu. Chhiú-kiû-siā ê.\nLuā-hō͘(Seto) sian-siⁿ\nChhiú-kiû-siā ê kò͘-būn.\n### Kî-thaⁿ\n\nKong(Hikari)\nTī Chhiò-liông toà e siok-siā chhan-thiaⁿ chiah-thâu-lō͘ e cha-bó͘ tāi-hak-siⁿ.\nKok-chhoan(Tanigawa)\nChhiò-liông ê kok-tiong tông-chhong.\n\nChhut-pán ê chheh\n-----------------\n\n1. Uranari(ウラナリ) (2008/08/14)\n2. Uranari Thau-cháu-chhù (ウラナリ、北へ) (2008/11/03)\n3. Uranari Loân-ài Gûi-ki (ウラナリと春休みのしっぽ) (2009/02/09)\n4. Uranari ê Hoân-ló (ウラナリは泣かない) (2009/06/22)\n5. Uranari Bô-ài Kóng Chài-hoē (ウラナリ、さよなら) (2009/10/05)","meta":{"title":"Uranari","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[248,1492,0.16621983914209115],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1764}} -{"text":"Jîn-kó：Phōng-kó\n**Jîn-kó** sī kóe-chí ê 1 khoán, kui-sio̍k-tī tan-seng-kó, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ tī chhiûⁿ-bî-kho (蔷薇科) ê si̍t-bu̍t khoàⁿ--tio̍h. Chē-chē jîn-kó hō· jîn-lūi the̍h-lâi chia̍h, chhan-chhiūⁿ phōng-kó, lâi-á、san-cha (siap-lâi-á) téng-téng. Jîn-kó ê goā-kó-phôe kah tiong-kó-phoê chi-kan kap-kài bô hun-bêng, lāi-kó-phoê kin-lūn tì-bi̍t，ū-ê bu̍t-chéng chhiūⁿ san-cha ê lāi-kó-phoê iah-ū chio̍h-sè-pau, chit-tē hui-siông--ê tēng. Lāi-kó-phoê kā koé-chí ê he̍k-sim hun-chò 5 ê sè-sè ê keng-keh, ta̍k-ê keng-keh ū 2 lia̍p chéng-chí tī--leh. Jîn-kó ê hoe-go̍k, hiông-lúi, hoe-chū chia ê kiat-kò· siù-chûn, ūi-tī kó-pèⁿ ê tùi-chhek. Jîn-kó sī iû 5 ê sim-phoê kap-chò-hoé chú-pâng ē-ūi ê chhû-lúi hoat-io̍k lâi-ê, tī siū-cheng āu, pau-ûi chú-pâng ê hoe-tháng kah chú-pâng tâng-chê hoat-io̍k, hêng-sêng kāu koh chē-chiap ê goā-kó-phoê kap tiong-kó-phoê. In-ūi jîn-kó tāi-pō·-hūn ê kóe-chí-bah pēng-m̄-sī ùi chú-pâng hoat-io̍k lâi-ê , in-chhú chit-lūi ê kóe-chí hō· lâng chheng-ho· chò ké-kó (假果).","meta":{"title":"Jîn-kó","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1025,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1161}} -{"text":"**Jîn-bûn-chú-gī** (人文主義), iā hō-chò **jîn-pún-chú-gī** (人本主義), sī chi̍t-chióng ki-î lí-sèng kap jîn-chû ê tiat-ha̍k lí-lūn ê sè-kài-koan. Chok-ûi chi̍t-chióng seng-oa̍h tiat-ha̍k, jîn-bûn-chú-gī tùi jîn-chû ê jîn-sèng he̍k-tit khé-sī, pēng thong-kòe lí-sèng thui-lí lâi chí-tō. Jîn-bûn-chú-gī í lí-sèng thui-lí ûi su-sióng ê ki-chhó͘, í jîn-chû kap phok-ài ûi ki-pún ê kè-ta̍t-koan. Kò-jîn hèng-chhù, chun-giâm, su-sióng chū-iû, lâng-hām lâng chi-kan ê thun-lún kap bô po̍k-le̍k ê tàu-tīn téng-téng, lóng sī jîn-bûn-chú-gī lōe-hâm ê hoān-tiû. Tông-sî, jîn-bûn-chú-gī chham jîn-pún-chú-gī kap jîn-tō-chú-gī ê hoan-hē chin bi̍t-chhiat. \n\nTû-liáu it-poaⁿ bô chong-kàu ê jîn-bûn-chú-gī, mā chûn-chāi tio̍h chong-kàu ê jîn-bûn-chú-gī, tī ta̍k-ê chú-iàu ê chong-kàu tiong, jîn-bûn-chú-gī it-poaⁿ hām hit-ê chong-kàu ê sìn-gióng kap thoân-thóng sio kiat-ha̍p. Ū-chi̍t-kóa jîn-bûn-chú-gī jīm-ûi, lâng ū su-iàu chham-ka gî-sek kap kui-chek, pēng cho͘-chit chi̍t-kóa thoân-thé lâi boán-chiok chit-chióng su-kiû. Chham ûi-bu̍t-chú-gī sio-pí, jîn-bûn-chú-gī chù-tiōng lâng ê cheng-sîn sim-lêng; lēng-chi̍t-hong-bīn, jîn-bûn-chú-gī mā chù-tiōng lí-sèng. In-chhú, ū-ê jîn-bûn-chú-gī-chiá jīm-ûi, ûi-pōe lí-sèng chêng-sîn, chìn-hêng sîn-lêng chông-pài ê chong-kàu cheng-sîn, pēng m̄-sī jîn-bûn-chú-gī.","meta":{"title":"Jîn-bûn-chú-gī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1302,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1470}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?kiô-á |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n| A-kong: | Asteridae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Solanales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Solanaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Solanum* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***S. melongena*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Solanum melongena***L. |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Kiô** (**kiô-á**) sī chi̍t-khoán si̍t-bu̍t.\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\nKiô kap kiô-á-châng ê ki-kut, hio̍h-á lóng-sī \"chí-âng\"-sek--ê. Só·-í Tâi-oân-lâng kā chí-âng-sek ê sek-chúi kiò-chòe kîo-á-sek. Ū-lâng kā ta-po·-lâng ê lān-chiáu kiò-chòe kiô, soah kā chin-chiàⁿ ê kiô chheng-ho· chòe **âng-phôe-chhài**, che kap kā chúi-ke--á kiò-chòe sì-kha-hî kāng ì-sù.\n\n\"Chiáⁿ-chhài kiâm-kiô\", kiô ê liāu-lí ū nn̄g-khoán, chi̍t-khoán iōng chhá--ê, chi̍t-khoán iōng sa̍h--ê, sa̍h-sa̍h--leh ùn tāu-iû chham sòan-jiông, ū-kiâm hó-chia̍h, khah chió lâng leh chú thng.\n\nTô͘\n---\n\n* Kiô-á-châng\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Solanum melongena*** |","meta":{"title":"Kiô-á","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[239,794,0.30100755667506296],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1186}} -{"text":"\nChhōe kî-thaⁿ ēng-hoat, khòaⁿ Bîn-cho̍k (khu-pia̍t).\n**Bîn-cho̍k** (Hàn-jī: 民族; Eng-gí: *nation*) sī chi̍t khoán lâng ê chi̍p-thé, siông-sè ì-sù chē khoán jî-chhiáⁿ toè sî-kan leh kái-piàn. Bîn-cho̍k ê khài-liām pí cho̍k-kûn khah thiu-siōng jî-chhiá khah chèng-tī-sèng kiam hui-kò-jîn-sèng. Ta̍k-ê bîn-cho̍k tiāⁿ ū in ka-kī ê khí-goân sîn-ōe kah le̍k-sú, lēng-gōa iáu khó-lêng ū kāng-khoán ê bûn-hòa, tē-iân kah gí-giân.\n\nBîn-cho̍k, chiàu *nation* ê ēng-hoat, ia̍h ū óa-kīn \"kok-ka\" ê ì-sù, pau-koat chèng-tī-sèng ê pang-kok (*state*) kap tē-lí-sèng ê kok-ka (*country*). Chhiūⁿ bîn-cho̍k, pang-kok, kok-ka, cho̍k-kûn téng-téng, chia-ê iōng-gí giâm-keh ê ì-sù ū chha chóng-sī sú-iōng tang-tiong ke-kiám ū ài-māi ê só͘-chāi.\n\nŪ-ê kok-ka pún-sin mā thang sǹg chi̍t-ê bîn-cho̍k, chóng-sī mā ū chin chē bîn-cho̍k bô kiàn-li̍p khí chú-khoân-sèng ê kok-ka, pí-lūn Bí-chiu ê Iroquois lâng.\n\nIōng-gí\n-------\n\n\"Bîn-cho̍k\" chit jī sī kīn-tāi tùi se-iûⁿ giân-gí pí-lūn Eng-gí *nation* ê hoan-e̍k, tāi-seng lâi-goân sī Hoat-gí ê *nacion*, ū \"tàn-seng\" (*naissance*), \"chhut-sin-tē\" ê ì-sù. Gí-goân sī Latin-gí ê *natio*, chiàu-jī ì-sù to̍h sī \"chhut-siⁿ\".\n\n*Nation*, nā chham-khó Hôa-gí-kài ê chit khoán sin hoan-e̍k, thang kóng \"kok-cho̍k\" (國族), chóng-sī nā khó-lū tio̍h koan-liân ê iōng-gí, pí-lūn *nation-state*, ē chō-sêng sûn-khoân tēng-gī ê būn-tê.\n\nBîn-cho̍k ê koan-liām\n---------------------\n\n### Kok-ka kap kong-bîn-sek\n\nTī chhan-chhiuⁿ Eng-kok, Hoat-kok, Se-pan-gâ, Hô-lân, Bí-kok kap Ka-ná-tah chi̍t khoán ê kok-ka, in-ê bîn-cho̍k sī chi̍t chióng khah chèng-tī-sek, kong-bîn-sek kap léng-thó͘-sèng--ê iōng-gí, m̄-sī óa-khò chong-kàu, chéng-cho̍k, cho̍k-kûn, he̍k-chiá sī bûn-hòa má-kuh leh sú-iōng, sī chiàu chū-sin pang-kok (*state*) ê léng-thó͘ tēng--chhut-lâi ê chèng-tī sêng-oân. Chiàu chit khoán lí-lō͘ lâi kóng bîn-cho̍k ê sêng-oân tiō sī in kok-ka ê kong-bîn, put-koán sī chhut-sì chò pún-kok-lâng he̍k-chiá sī āu--lâi kui-hòa--ê.\n\n### Bûn-hòa kap cho̍k-kûn-sek\n\nMā ū chi̍t khoán bîn-cho̍k koan-liām sī óa-khò chéng-cho̍k, cho̍k-kûn, chong-kàu, le̍k-sú, ia̍h kî-tha bûn-hòa goân-sò͘ koat-tēng--ê. In-ê sêng-oân ū khó-lêng sī kè-sêng--ê, hui-chū-goān--ê mi̍h, te̍k-pia̍t khah koan-sim in kiōng-tông chó͘-sian ê khài-liām. Nā chiàu chit khoán ì-sù, in-ê bîn-cho̍k sī thian-seng seⁿ-chiâⁿ ê tāi-chì. Chit khoán bûn-hòa ia̍h cho̍k-kûn-sek ê bîn-cho̍k koan-liām, sán-seng ê só͘-chāi sī 18 sè-kí ê Tek-kok, jî-chhiá hiòng Tang Au-chiu kap sè-kài kî-tha só͘-chāi pò-iông.\n\nCho̍k-kûn-sek ê bîn-cho̍k, sui-bóng it-poaⁿ mā ū kiàn-kok ê bo̍k-phiau, chóng-sī ē-tàng tī bô kiàn-kok ê chêng-hêng tang-tiong chûn-chāi. Che tùi chi̍t kóa jīn ka-tī chò bîn-cho̍k, m̄-koh bô kok-ka ê jîn-kûn lâi kóng sī te̍k-pia̍t ha̍h-ēng. Bû-kok-ka bîn-cho̍k (*stateless nation*), ū pí-lūn Se-pan-gâ ê Catalunya lâng, Eng-kok ê So͘-kat-lân-lâng, koh ū Ka-ná-tah ê Quebec lâng. Chiá-ê bîn-cho̍k bô it-tēng beh kiàn-kok. In sī-m̄-sī ū kok-ka, tōa-hūn sī koan-hē tio̍h khoân-le̍k chèng-tī ê būn-tê. Pí-lūn tùi Kurd bîn-cho̍k lâi kóng, í-keng ūi kiàn-kok phah-piàⁿ chin chē nî-tang, chóng-sī iû-oân siū kok-chè chèng-tī ê chó͘-gāi.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. ↑ Nenad Miscevic. \"Nationalism\". *Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy*. 2018-03-23 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ 施正鋒 (2015). \"台灣民族主義的發展、現況、以及挑戰\". *臺灣國際研究季刊*. **11** (4).\n3. 1 2 3 Krishan Kumar (2006). \"nationalism\". Chū Bryan S. Turner. *The Cambridge Dictionary of Sociology*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-37145-5.\n\nKoan-liân\n---------\n\n* Bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī","meta":{"title":"Bîn-cho̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[364,3416,0.10655737704918032],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3967}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\n**Lâm-tó gí-hē** (Hàn-jī: 南島語系) sī 1 ê gí-giân ka-cho̍k, tōa-pō·-hūn ê sêng-oân tī Tang-lâm-a kap Thài-pêng-iûⁿ ê tó-sū, kúi-ê-á tī A-chiu tāi-lio̍k, 1 ê tī Hui-chiu Madagasikara-tó. Lâm-tó gí-hē bô-lūn sī gí-giân ê sò·-liōng (kin-kù *Ethnologue*, ū 1244 ê) iah-sī tē-lí hun-pò· (tùi Madagasikara kàu Rapa Nui) lóng sī só·-ū gí-giân ka-cho̍k tang-tiong siōng-kài tōa--ê 1 ê. Tī Ìn-tō·-Au-chiu gí-giân iáu-bōe thòaⁿ--chhut-khì chìn-chêng, Lâm-tó gí-hē sī sè-kài tē-lí hun-pò· siāng khoah ê ka-cho̍k.\n\n*Lâm-tó* sī *Austronesia* chit ê bêng-sû ê hoan-e̍k, goân-thâu sī Hi-lia̍p-gí *austro* (\"lâm\") kap *nesia* (\"tó\") 2 sû kap chò-hóe, ì-sù sī \"lâm-hong ê tó-sū\". Má-lâi-Polynesia sī khah kū ê iōng-gí, ū-sî-chūn iōng lâi chheng-ho· Tâi-oân í-gōa ê Lâm-tó gí-giân.\n\nKoan-hē Lâm-tó gí-hē ê goân-thâu kap ián-piàn, bo̍k-chêng 1 ê chú-liû ê ha̍k-soat chú-tiuⁿ Lâm-tó gí-giân ê chó·-gí tī Tiong-kok lâm-pō· he̍k-chiá-sī Tiong-lâm-pòaⁿ-tó, āu--lâi ùi hia thn̂g khì kàu Tâi-oân, Tâi-ôan choaⁿ-á chiâⁿ-chò Lâm-tó gí-hē ǹg Thài-pêng-iûⁿ hām Ìn-tō·-iûⁿ thòaⁿ--chhut-khì ê kin-thâu. Kin-kù gí-giân pí-kàu ê hun-sek, Tâi-oân ê Lâm-tó gí-giân chi-kan ê chha-pia̍t sī Lâm-tó gí-hē sêng-oân tang-tiong siōng-kài tōa--ê, piáu-sī in tī Tâi-oân tó-siōng ū chiâⁿ kú 1 tōaⁿ sî-kan. Khó-kó·-ha̍k thê-kiong chi̍t-kóa chèng-kù chi-chhî chit ê lí-lūn.\n\nHun-lūi\n-------\n\nLâm-tó-gí-hē lāi-pō· ê hun-hoat siāng chió ū 2 chióng. 1 chióng khu-pia̍t 10-ê ē-lūi-pia̍t, kî-tiong 9-ê tī Tâi-oân, chhun-ê 1-ê pau-koat só·-ū kî-thaⁿ ê gí-giân (Má-lâi-Polynesia gí-giân):\n\n* Formosa gí-giân (10-gōa-ê gí-giân)\n* Má-lâi-Polynesia gí-giân (900 ê gí-giân khah ke)\n\t+ Se Má-lâi-Polynesia gí-giân\n\t+ Tiong/Tang Má-lâi-Polynesia gí-giân\n\nFormosa gí-giân ê sú-iōng-chiá tī Tâi-oân pún-tó kap Lân-sū, jîn-kháu bô-kàu 50 bān lâng. Má-lâi-Polynesia gí-giân hun-soàⁿ tī 1 tōa-phiàn. In pun 2 tōa cho·: Se Má-lâi-Polynesia (3-ek jîn-kháu) kap Tiong/Tang Má-lâi-Polynesia (1-ek). Se Má-lâi-Polynesia gí-giân pau-koah Hui-lu̍t-pin gí-giân (370 ê chó-iū) kap Ìn-nî sai/tiong-pō· ê gí-giân. Tiong/Tang Má-lâi-Polynesia gí-giân pau-koah tang Ìn-nî gí-giân, sai Sin Guinea gí-giân, Halmahera hit-tah-á ê gí-giân, kap Thài-pêng-iûⁿ ê Polynesia gí-giân.\n\nChú-iàu ê gí-giân\n-----------------\n\nBó-gí jîn-kháu.\n\n* Java-gí (>8000 bān, Ìn-nî)\n* Ìn-nî-gí (3500 bān)\n* Tagalog (2400 bān, Hui-lu̍t-pin)\n* Ilocano (900 bān)\n* Cebuano (2400 bān)\n* Malagasy (1000 bān, Madagasikara)\n* Fiji-gí (33.7 bān)\n* Tonga-gí (10.8 bān)\n* Maori-gí (10 bān, Sin Jia̍t-lân-jia)\n* Hawaii-gí (Bí-kok)\n* Kiribati-gí (6.7 bān)\n* Ebon (Marshall Kûn-tó)\n* Paiwan-gí (Tâi-oân)\n* Tetum-gí (Tang Timor)\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nChām-gōa liân-kiat\n------------------\n\n* Ethnologue report for Austronesian.","meta":{"title":"Lâm-tó gí-hē","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[532,2684,0.19821162444113263],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3167}} -{"text":"**Lâm Bêng** (南明; 1644 nî ~ 1662 nî) sī tī Bêng-tiâu bia̍t-bông liáu-āu, i-ê hông-cho̍k kap koaⁿ-oân tī Tiong-kok lâm-hong kiàn-li̍p ê kúi-nā ê chèng-koân ê thóng-chheng, lóng-chóng keng-kòe 18 tang. Lâm Bêng ê chú-iàu sè-le̍k ū 4 ê, hun-pia̍t sī Hok-ông Chu Iû-siòng, Ló͘-ông Chu Í-hái, Tn̂g-ông Chu U̍t-kiān hām Chu U̍t-oa̍t kap Kùi-ông Chu Iû-lông téng.\n\n1644 nî, Bêng-tiâu ê siú-to͘ Pak-kiaⁿ pī Lí Chū-sêng kong-hām, Lâm Bêng tāi-sîn ì-tô͘ ióng-hō͘ hông-cho̍k pak-hoa̍t. Keng-kòe chē-pái thó-lūn liáu-āu, iû Hōng-iông Chóng-tok Má Sū-eng kap Kang-pak Sù-tìn Ko Kia̍t, N̂g Tek-kong, Lâu Te̍k-chheng kap Lâu Liông-chò ióng-hō͘ Bêng Su-chong ê chhin-tông Hok-ông Chu Iû-siòng chē-ūi, iā chiū sī Hông-kong-tè, kok-hō iu-goân sī **Tāi Bêng** (大明), le̍k-sú hō-chò **Lâm Bêng** ia̍h **Hō͘ Bêng** (後明). 1645 nî, Chheng-kun kong-phòa Iông-chiu, Hông-kong-tè tô-bông kàu Bû-hô͘ pī lia̍h, lo̍h-bóe tī Pak-kiaⁿ pī sat-hāi. Hông-kong-tè sí liáu-āu, Ló͘-ông Chu Í-hái tī Chiat-kang Siāu-heng kàm-kok; Tn̂g-ông Chu U̍t-kiān tī Tēⁿ Chi-liông ê ióng-li̍p hā tī Hok-kiàn ê Hok-chiu chē-ūi, iā chiū sī Liông-bú-tè. M̄-koh, chit nn̄g ê Lâm Bêng chú-iàu sè-le̍k hō͘-siong bô beh sêng-jīn tùi-hong ê tē-ūi, khai-sí hō͘-siong kong-táⁿ. 1651 nî, tī Chiu-san Kûn-tó lûn-hām liáu-āu, Ló͘-ông Chu Í-hái tī Tiuⁿ Bêng-chín kap Tiuⁿ Hông-giân ê pôe-tông hā, khì kàu Ē-mn̂g óa-khò Tēⁿ Sêng-kong, bô-gōa-kú chiū sí tī Kim-mn̂g.\n\nKoh khoàⁿ\n---------\n\n* Boán-chheng ji̍p Koan\n* Tang-lêng-kok","meta":{"title":"Lâm Bêng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[35,1417,0.024700070571630206],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1670}} -{"text":"Tiunn Ài-lîng (1954, Siōng-hái).\n**Tiunn Ài-lîng**(張愛玲; Eileen Chang; 1920/09/30-1995/09/08), pún-miâ **Tiunn Ing**(張煐), sī kīn-tāi siōng ū íng-hióng-li̍k ê Tiong-kok tsa-bóo bûn-ha̍k-ka. I siōng tshut-miâ ê sī i sóo tsuān-siá ê sió-suat tsok-phín, in-uī i sing-tōng biô-siá tshut lâm-lú tsîng-kám ê hit khuán kín-tiunn khì-hun; in-tshú, i mā hōo lâng jīn-uî sī hit-tsūn Tiong-kok siōng kia̍t-tshut ê bûn-ha̍k tsok-ka. Tiunn Ài-lîng ê tsok-phín kah tong-sî 1940 nî-tāi kî-thann tsok-ka sóo tiōng-sī ê tiōng-tiám bô-kāng, i tsuan-bûn su-siá Siōng-hái kah Hiong-káng bîn-kan huat-sing ê sing-ua̍h tāi-tsì kah jîn-bu̍t, siong-tuì pa̍t-lâng lóng siá tsìng-tī kah tsiàn-tsing, uân-tsuân tián-hiān tshut tāi-piáu i ka-kī ê kò-jîn ti̍k-sik. Si-jîn tsham Lâm-ka-tsiu tāi-ha̍k ê kàu-siū Dominic Cheung phîng-lūn kóng: \"Nā-sī bô Tiong-kok lāi-tsiàn, Tiunn Ài-lîng it-tīng ē the̍h Nobel tsióng.\"\n\nSui-jiân Tiunn Ài-lîng ê it-sing tsin kong-tshái, m̄-koh i su-té-hā ê jîn-sing suah bô pîng-sūn. Tsuè-āu i in-uī sim-tsōng-pēnn huat-tsok kuè-sin, 74 huè.\n\nSing-pîng\n---------\n\n### Tsá-nî\n\nTiunn Ài-lîng tī Siōng-hái tshut-sì, lāu-pē Tiunn Tsì-gî(張志沂), lāu-bú N̂g Sòo-khiông(黃素瓊). 12 huè ê sî-tsūn (1922), i tsuân-ke puann-tshù Thian-tin; 1923 nî, in lāu-bú in-uī lāu-pē tshuā sè-î lâi lī-khui, lāu-pē āu-lâi koh piàn-tsò a-phiàn-sian. Tiunn Ài-lîng ê pē-bú tī 1930 nî lī-iân, i kah sió-tī Tiunn Tsú-tsīng(張子靜) lóng tuè in lāu-pē.\n\n### Kàu-io̍k\n\nTiunn Ài-lîng tsū 4 huè khai-sí siōng sió-ha̍k. Tû-liáu i ê bú-gí Huâ-gí, Ài-lîng mā ha̍k-si̍p kah hùn-liān i ka-kī ê Ing-gí lîng-li̍k. Sui-jiân kóng in tshù-lāi bô sìn-hōng Ki-tok-kàu, tān-sī i iáu sī khì St. Mary's Hall, Shanghai ko-lú siōng-khò, 1937 nî pit-gia̍p.\n\n1939 nî, Tiunn Ài-lîng tit-tio̍h tsióng-ha̍k-kim ê tsàn-tsōo, ū ki-huē ē-sái tsiân-óng London tāi-ha̍k tsiū-ha̍k. Iáu-m̄-koh, in-uī Tiong Ji̍t tsiàn-tsing po̍k-huat, i kuat-tīng lâu tī Hiong-káng tāi-ha̍k tsìn-siu bûn-ha̍k; in-tshú, i mā kah í-āu it-sing ê pîng-iú Fatima Mohideen(炎櫻) si̍k-sāi. 1941 nî, Hiong-káng hōo Ji̍t-pún tsiàm-niá, tāi-ha̍k tshun tsi̍t ha̍k-kî ê Ài-lîng phah-sǹg tńg-khì Tiong-kok. Guân-pún Ài-lîng beh tī Saint John's tāi-ha̍k tsìn-siu si̍k-sū, tān-sī i āu-lâi in-uī king-tsè ê būn-tê lâi suán-ti̍k hòng-khì.\n\n### Kang-tsok\n\n10 huè ê sî-tsūn, in lāu-bú tiông-sin kā i hō-tsò **Ài-lîng**, huan-i̍k tsò **Eileen**, uī tsìn-ji̍p Ing-gí tsiū-ha̍k tsò tsún-pī. Ko-lú sî-kî, i gián-tho̍k *Hông-lâu-bōng*, āu-lâi íng-hióng i ê tshòng-tsok. Hit tong-sî, i sóo siá ê ha̍k-hāu khan-bu̍t tō í-king tián-hiān tshut i tī bûn-ha̍k kah tshòng-tsok siōng ê ti̍k-sû tsâi-huâ. Suà-lo̍h-khì ê kuí-nā tang, 12 huè tō uân-sîng tē-it phinn sió-suat.\n\n1943 nî, Tiunn Ài-lîng tī pa̍t-lâng ê siāu-kài tsi hā, khì pian-tsi̍p Tsiu Sóo-kuan(周瘦鵑) hia siōng-pan. I liâm-mi huat-piáu kuí-nā phinn tsok-phín. Tī Tsiu Sóo-kuan ê pang-tsōo tsi hā, Ài-lîng sîng-uî Siōng-hái tē-hng siōng tshut-miâ ê sin tsok-ka. Suà-lo̍h-khì ê 2 nî, I uân-sîng i siōng ū miâ-siann ê *Khing-sîng-tsi-luān*(傾城之戀) kah *Kim-só-kì*(金鎖記). Tse hōo lâng kóng sī tshiau-kuè nî-huè ê tsok-phín.\n\nHun-in\n------\n\nTiunn Ài-lîng kah in ang Ôo Lân-sîng(胡蘭成) tī 1943 nî tē-it kái kìnn-bīn, hit tong-sî ê Ài-lîng tsiah 23 huè, tuì-hong 37. Keh-tńg-tang, nn̄g lâng su-hā kiat-hun, Fatima Mohideen sī uî-it ê tsham-ú-tsiá. Sui-jiân āu-lâi in ang tuì i put-tiong, Ài-lîng iu-guân bô huán-puē.\n\nSí-bông\n-------\n\n1995 nî 9 gue̍h 8 hō, Tiunn Ài-lîng hōo tshù-tsú huat-hiān sí tī-leh kong-gū lāi-té. I ê sí tsuè-āu khak-tīng sī sim-tsōng-pēnn. Àn-tsiàu i ê ǹg-bāng, i bô kí-hîng kong-khai ê lo̍h-tsòng gî-sik, hué-tsòng liáu-āu tō kā kut-hu sik-hòng ji̍p Thài-pîng-iûnn. Tiunn Ài-lîng tsiong uî-sán lóng-tsóng kau hōo tī Hiong-káng ê Sòng Kî(宋淇) kah in bóo Khòng Bûn-bí(鄺文美), tān-sī in āu-lâi mā kuè-sin ah. Iû Sòng Kî kah Khòng Bûn-bí ê tsa-bóo-kiánn Elaine kah kiánn Roland kè-sîng. Tiunn Ài-lîng ê sió-tī Tiunn Tsú-tsīng sí tī 1997 nî, i kah in sió-tī lóng bô tsú-lú.\n\nTù-tsok\n-------\n\nTiunn Ài-lîng (1946, Un-tsiu).\n* *Khing-sîng-tsi-luān* (傾城之戀)\n* *Kim-só-kì* (金鎖記)\n* *Sik, kài* (色，戒)\n* *Naked Earth* (赤地之戀)\n* *Iang-kua* (秧歌)\n* *Uàn-lú* (怨女)\n* *Liû-giân* (流言)\n* *Hong-só* (封鎖)\n* *Ba̍k-nī-hiong-phiàn* (茉莉香片)\n\nPī-tsù\n------\n\n1. 1 2 (Eng-gí) \"Eileen Chang, 74, Chinese Writer Revered Outside the Mainland\". *New York Times*. September 13, 1995. 6 September 2013 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ (Hàn-gí) \"张爱玲母校只剩\"断壁残垣\"居民要求保护(图)\". *xinmin.cn*. April 24, 2009. Retrieved June 10, 2010.\n3. ↑ (Eng-gí) \"Eileen Chang’s biography\". *Shenzhen Daily*. November 20, 2007. Retrieved June 27, 2010.\n4. ↑ (Eng-gí) Chang, Eileen; Kingsbury, Karen (2007). *Love in a Fallen City (New York Review Books Classics)*. New York Review Books Classics. p. 320. ISBN 1-59017-178-0.","meta":{"title":"Tiuⁿ Ài-lêng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[632,4413,0.14321323362791752],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5240}} -{"text":"**Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng** (Eng-gí: People's Action Party; PAP) , sī Sin-ka-pho siāng-tōa ê chèng-tóng. Ùi 1959 nî kok-ka tē-it pái sóan-kí liáu-āu, chit-ê chèng-tóng to̍h it-ti̍t khòng-chè tio̍h Sin-ka-pho ê chèng-hú. Tī 1961 nî ~ 1965 nî ê tiong-kan, Sin-ka-pho sī sio̍k-î Má-lâi-se-a ê 1-pō·-hūn, hit-sî ê **Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng** ôan-á sǹg-sī Má-lâi-se-a ê 1-ê chèng-tóng. Āu--lâi in-ūi Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng ê nó·-le̍k, Sin-ka-pho chôaⁿ thoat-lī Má-lâi-se-a Liân-pang, chiâⁿ-chòe 1-ê to̍k-li̍p ê kok-ka. \n\nKong-gôan 1954 nî, 1-kóa-á tú-tú àn Eng-kok liû-hâk tò-tńg-lâi Sin-ka-pho ê tiong-sán kai-kip tàu chò-hóe sêng-li̍p **Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng**. Tī kòe-khì 1-tōaⁿ chin-tn̂g ê sî-kan lāi-tē, it-ti̍t sī iû Lí Kong-iāu teh léng-tō chit-ê chèng-tóng, Lí--sian chêng-keng sī Sin-ka-pho tē-it jīm chóng-lí, 1992 nî jīm-móa thè-ūi. Lí Kong-iāu ê chiap-pan-lâng sī Gô· Chok-tòng, **Gô·** tī 2004 nî 8 ge̍h 14 hō hā-tâi, chiap-jīm ê lâng sī hit-sî ê hù chóng-lí Lí Hián-liông ( Lí Kong-iāu ê hāu-siⁿ ). Lí--ka pē-á-kiáⁿ hām **Gô· Chok-tòng** lóng-chóng sǹg-sī **Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng** ê sêng-ôan. \n\nSui-jiân tī Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng ê léng-tō chi-hā, Sin-ka-pho ê keng-chè tit-tio̍h hui-sok ê hoat-tián, bîn-chiòng ê seng-o̍ah chúi-pêng óan-óan chhiau-kòe kî-thaⁿ ê A-chiu kok-ka, m̄-koh ôan-á ū bōe-chió lâng tiāⁿ-tiaⁿ teh khián-chek in, kóng in sī leh **to̍k-chhâi thóng-tī**, kóng in táⁿ-ap **giân-lūn chū-iû**, jî-chhiáⁿ put-sî khò su-hoat sò·-siōng ê koaⁿ-si pek-sú 1-koá-á chú-iàu ê hóan-tùi-tóng kek tiām-tiām.\n\nSiang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* Bîn-chú Hêng-tōng Tóng\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* (Eng-bûn)","meta":{"title":"Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng Tóng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[33,1559,0.021167415009621552],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1868}} -{"text":"\n**Jîn-kang liû-sán** iah-sī **phah-thoat-sin**, **táⁿ-thai**, **the̍h gín-á**, **tūi-thai**, **tō-thai**, sī thiau-kang iōng jîn-ûi--ê chok-hoat lâi làu-tiāu gín-á-the, chhé-soah ū-sin--ê chōng-thāi.\n\nĒng khip-á the̍h-tiāu gín-á-the--ê tô͘.\n\nTūi-thai-koân\n-------------\n\nKok-kok táⁿ-thai-koân--ê pí-kàu tē-tô͘. Lâi-goân: 2013 nî Liân-ha̍p-kok--ê thu̍t-the-hoat (-法) pò-kò͘\nIn-ūi tūi-thai kau-kat gín-á-the--ê seⁿ-sí (seng-bēng-koân) kap ū-sin hū-jîn-lâng--ê kéng-soán (soán-tek-koân), ún-chún tūi-the mā sī chi̍t-ê chin toā--ê cheng-gī. Chi-chhî-chiá chú-tiuⁿ, û-sî-á thai-jî (胎兒)--ê gûi-hāi ū-sin--ê--ê kiàn-khong, siū kiông-kan chiah ū--ê mā ē éng-hióng-tio̍h hū-jîn-lâng--ê koân-lī, jīn-ûi ū the̍h gín-á--ê pì-iàu. Hoán-tùi-chiá lia̍h táⁿ-thai sī thâi-lâng--ê hêng-ûi, chhim-hoān tio̍h gín-á oa̍h--lo̍h-khì--ê koân-lī. Thian-chú-kàu téng chong-kàu mā hoán-tùi táⁿ-thai.\n\nBo̍k-chêng ta̍k-ê kok-ka tùi táⁿ-thai--ê ha̍p-hoat-sèng kui-hoān bô kâng.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Tâi-ji̍t Tāi-sû-tián Tâi-gí E̍k-pún - 墮胎\".\n2. 1 2 Ngô͘ Siú-lé (吳守禮). \"Kok-tâi Tùi-chiàu Oa̍h-iōng Sû-tián (國臺對照活用辭典) (Soáⁿ-téng-pán)\".\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Tô͘-su-koán chu-goân about **Jîn-kang liû-sán** \n\n---\n\n |\n| * Lí-ê tô͘-chu-koán chu-goân\n* Kî-thaⁿ tô͘-chu-koán chu-goân\n |\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Scholia has a *topic* profile for ***Jîn-kang liû-sán***. |\n\n* First-trimester abortion in women with medical conditions. US Department of Health and Human Services\n* Safe abortion: Technical & policy guidance for health systems, World Health Organization (2015)","meta":{"title":"Jîn-kang liû-sán","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[646,1612,0.40074441687344914],"infobox":["
    Induced abortion
    Other names\nInduced miscarriage, termination of pregnancy
    Specialty\nSán-kho-ha̍k [en] kah hū-kho-ha̍k
    ICD-10-PCS\n10A0
    ICD-9-CM\n779.6
    MeSH\nD000028
    MedlinePlus\n007382
    \n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1764}} -{"text":"\n**Jîn-bîn tāi-huē-tông** (hàn-gú: 人民大會堂; **Jîn-bîn tāi-huē-tn̂g**, **Lîn-bîn tāi-huē-tông**; ing-gú: Great Hall of the People) khiā-tī Tiong-huâ jîn-bîn kiōng-hô-kok siú-too Pak-kiañ sè-siañ-khu then-ān-mn̂g khóng-tiûñ se-tshik, tsùn-kang tī 1959-nî. M̄-nā sī tsuân-kok jîn-bîn tāi-piáu tāi-huē tiàu-khai ê tē-tiám hām tsuân-kok jîn-tāi siông-uí-huē ê huē-gī hām pān-kong tē-tiám, mā-sī Tiong-huâ jîn-bîn kiōng-hô-kok tóng hām kok-ka kú-hîng tsìng-tī, guā-kau ua̍h-tāng ê tiûñ-sóo; iah-koh tuì-guā sîng-tsiap huē-gī hām iàn-tshiáñ kip bûn-gē ua̍h-tāng. Jîn-bîn tāi-huē-tông iû tsuân-kok jîn-tāi siông-uí-huē pān-kong-thiañ [en] ti̍t-sio̍k sū-gia̍p tan-uī [zh] jîn-bîn tāi-huē-tông kuán-lí-kio̍k, în-bîn tāi-huē-tông ê tôo-àn mā hông ìn-teh tē-5 thò jîn-bîn-pè [zh] 100-khoo tsuá-phiò ê puē-bīn.\n\nTôo-siōng\n---------\n\n* Lé-tn̂gLé-tn̂g\n* Tuā-tn̂gTuā-tn̂g\n* Lé-tn̂g then-hua-pánLé-tn̂g then-hua-pán\n* Lé-tn̂g lāi-té it-kingLé-tn̂g lāi-té it-king\n* Jîn-bîn tāi-huē-tông èn-huē-thiañJîn-bîn tāi-huē-tông èn-huē-thiañ\n* Jîn-bîn tāi-huē-tông èn-huē-thiañJîn-bîn tāi-huē-tông èn-huē-thiañ\n* Jîn-bîn tāi-huē-tông kok-ka tsiap-thāi-thiañJîn-bîn tāi-huē-tông kok-ka tsiap-thāi-thiañ\n* Jîn-bîn tāi-huē-tông tang-tuā-thiañJîn-bîn tāi-huē-tông tang-tuā-thiañ\n* 1964-nî tsiat-ji̍t tiong ê Jîn-bîn tāi-huē-tông1964-nî tsiat-ji̍t tiong ê Jîn-bîn tāi-huē-tông\n* Ti̍k-tsióng iû-phiò: Jîn-bîn tāi-huē-tông tsên-kíngTi̍k-tsióng iû-phiò: Jîn-bîn tāi-huē-tông tsên-kíng\n* Ti̍k-tsióng iû-phiò: Tuā-lé-tn̂gTi̍k-tsióng iû-phiò: Tuā-lé-tn̂g\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"查询人民大会堂管理局\". 事业单位在线. goân-loē-iông tī 2018-02-22 hőng khó͘-pih. 2020-01-29 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Hîng-tōng suan-thuân [en] (Propaganda of the deed)\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Great Hall of the People*** |\n\n* The Great Hall Official info (Eng-gí)\n* Satellite photo of the Great Hall of the People from Google Maps","meta":{"title":"Jîn-bîn tāi-hōe-tông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[836,1672,0.5],"infobox":["\n\n\n
    Jîn-bîn tāi-huē-tông

    Jîn-bîn tāi-huē-tông, bīn-hiòng Jîn-bîn ing-hiông kì-liām-pi [en].
    Goân-bûn 人民大会堂
    Só͘-chāi Pak-kiañ
    Sai-siâñ-khu
    Then-an-mn̂g kóng-tiûñ
    Jîn-tāi huē-tông se-lōo
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2173}} -{"text":"Si Chông-tông (2007)\n**Si Chông-tông** (施崇棠; 1952 nî 8 goe̍h 12 ji̍t chhut-sì ), Tâi-oân Chiong-hòa Lo̍k-káng lâng, bo̍k-chiân sī Hôa-se̍k Tiān-náu kap Hôa-ûn Kho-ki ê táng-sū-tiúⁿ. Si Chông-tông sī kong-bū-oân ka-têng chhut-sin, lāu-pē Si Gī-phoan (施議藩) tī Chiong-hòa-koān Sòe-koan-khe-teng-chhù ê chóng-bū pō͘-bûn chiū-chit. Si Chông-tông tī Kok-li̍p Chiong-hòa Ko-tiong chiū-tho̍k, ùi Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k Tiān-ki-hē pit-gia̍p, koh tī Kok-li̍p Kau-thong Tāi-ha̍k Koán-lí Gián-kiù-só͘ chìn-siu. 27 hòe chìn-ji̍p Hông-ki, bat chhut-jīm Hông-ki ê hù-chóng-keng-lí, chú-koán hē-thóng tiān-náu sū-gia̍p-kûn. 1992 nî ēng ūi-chhut-hoeh chò lí-iû, lī-khui kang-chok 15 tang ê Hông-ki, kàu Bí-kok khì hiu-iáng pòaⁿ-tang, hôe-kok āu tī 1992 nî 11 goe̍h chèng-sek ka-ji̍p Hôa-se̍k kàu-taⁿ.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nAsus |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Jîn-bu̍t | \n* Táng Chú-hiân\n* Siā Úi-kî\n* Chhî Sè-chhiong\n* Liāu Bín-hiông\n* Sím Chín-lâi\n* Chan Chhiong-seng\n* Si Chông-tông\n\n | |\n| |\n| Sán-phín | \n\n| | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Chhiú-ki-á | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Asus PadFone | \n* Asus PadFone\n* Asus PadFone 2\n* Asus PadFone E\n* Asus PadFone Infinity\n* Asus The New PadFone Infinity\n* Asus PadFone Infinity Lite\n* Asus PadFone Mini\n* Asus PadFone Mini 4.3\n* Asus PadFone S\n* Asus PadFone X\n* Asus PadFone X Mini\n\n |\n| |\n| Asus ZenFone | \n* Asus ZenFone 2\n* Asus ZenFone 3\n* Asus ZenFone 4\n* Asus ZenFone 5\n* Asus ZenFone 6\n* Asus ZenFone C\n* Asus ZenFone Go\n* Asus ZenFone Selfie\n* Asus ZenFone Live\n* Asus ZenFone Zoom\n* Asus ZenFone AR\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Pêng-pán | \n* Eee Pad\n* FonePad\n* MeMO Pad\n* Transformer Pad\n* VivoTab\n* ZenPad\n* Eee Note\n* Nexus 7 (2012)\n* Nexus 7 (2013)\n* ProSieben Entertainment Pad\n\n |\n| |\n| Tiān-náu | \n* TaiChi\n* EeeBook\n* Transformer Book\n* TaiChi\n* VivoBook\n* ZenBook\n* EeeBox\n* Transformer AiO\n* Vivo AiO\n* VivoPC\n* VivoMini\n* VivoStick PC\n* Zen AiO\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Si Chông-tông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[714,1492,0.4785522788203753],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2248}} -{"text":"1898\n**Si̍t-bîn chú-gī** (殖民主義) ê tēng-gī sī : kiông-kok khò bú-le̍k a̍h-sī keng-chè le̍k-liōng, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ tùi kok-le̍k khah nńg-chiáⁿ ê kok-ka a̍h-sī tē-khu chìn-hêng ap-pek, thóng-tī, khau-pak he̍k-chiá bôa-sái (Hôa-gí:奴役) ê chèng-chhek.\n\nSi̍t-bîn chú-gī chèng-chhek ê chhiú-tōaⁿ\n----------------------------------------\n\nSi̍t-bîn chú-gī thong-siông thé-hiān tī **hái-gōa î-bîn, chu-pún su-chhut, siong-phín kheng-siau, khau-pak gôan-liāu kah bóe-bōe lô͘-lē** chit-kúi-ê hong-bīn. Si̍t-bîn chú-gī kok-ka óng-óng tī-leh to̍at-chhú si̍t-bîn-tē liáu-āu, tiàm hia jīn-bēng chóng-tok chìn-hêng thóng-tī kah kóan-lí, pau-koat tīn-ap tng-tē it-chhè ê kek-bēng hêng-tōng.\n\nSi̍t-bîn chú-gī ê bô-bóe-lō͘\n----------------------------\n\n**Sè-kài si̍t-bîn chú-gī thé-hē** keng-kòe tē-it-chhù sè-kài tāi-chiàn liáu-āu khái-sí chhut-hiān khōng-kha-khiàu ê hiān-siōng, kàu-kah tē-jī-chhù sè-kài tāi-chiàn liáu-āu í-keng ki-pún pang-soaⁿ. Hit-tong-sî, chin chōe A-chiu kah Hui-chiu kok-ka sio-liân-sòa he̍k-tit tok-li̍p ê tē-ūi, chí-ū chió-sò͘ kok-ka kah tē-khu kàu-taⁿ iu-gôan bô pái-thoat si̍t-bîn chú-gī ê thóng-tī.\n\nSi̍t-hêng kòe si̍t-bîn chú-gī chèng-chhek ê kok-ka\n--------------------------------------------------\n\n* Eng-kok\n* Bí-kok\n* Tek-kok\n* Ji̍t-pún\n* Gô-lô-su\n* Hoat-kok\n* Lô-má Tè-kok","meta":{"title":"Si̍t-bîn-chú-gī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[60,1166,0.051457975986277875],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1461}} -{"text":"**Si Kang-lâm** (施江南; 1902 nî - 1947 nî), Tâi-oân tē-jī ê i-ha̍k phok-sū, Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ hō͘ peng-á lia̍h khì thâi--sí.\n\nSi Kang-lâm, Chiong-hoà Lo̍k-káng lâng, 1902 nî 12 goe̍h 14 ji̍t siⁿ. 1924 nî àn Tâi-pak I-ha̍k Choan-bûn Ha̍k-hāu chhut-iap, 1930 nî tit-tioh Kiaⁿ-to͘ Tāi-ha̍k ê i-ha̍k phok-sū, sī Tō͘ Chhong-bêng (杜聰明) liáu-āu ē tē-jī ê. Tǹg lâi Tâi-oân khì Tâi-pak I-ha̍k Choan-mûn Hak-hāu kà-chu, 1935 nî seng khí-lâi chò Kàu-siū. 1935 nî 7 goe̍h tī Tâi-pak khuī Sù-hong Pīⁿ-īⁿ (四方醫院). 1940 nî chò Tâi-pak-chiu-hoē gī-oân. Chiàn āu chò Tâi-pak-chhì I-su Kong-hoē ê hù-hoē-tiúⁿ. Tī I-ha̍k-kài sī chin chhut-miâ.\n\nJī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ ê sî i bô siáⁿ-mih toā tōng-chok, chiáu i ê pêng-iú Lí tō-lâm (李道南) sō͘ kóng, í sī khì ti̍t-choē tio̍h lâi khoàⁿ pīⁿ ê peng-á, chiah ê hō͘ he peng-á lī-iōng Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ kā lia̍h khì thâi--sí.\n\nHiaⁿ-tī\n-------\n\n* Si Kang-pok\n* Si Kang-tong\n* Si Kang-se","meta":{"title":"Si Kang-lâm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[30,868,0.03456221198156682],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1035}} -{"text":"\n***NTR: Netuzô Trap*** (Ji̍t-pún-gí: 捏造トラップ-NTR-, *Netsuzō Torappu -NTR-*?, lit. \"Liap-chō Hām-chéⁿ: NTR\") sī 1 ê *pek-ha̍p* *siáu-lú* bàng-gah hē-lia̍t, chok-chiá sī Kodama Naoko. Kò͘-sū sī 2 ê Ko-tiong cha-bó͘, kiò-chò Yuma kap Hotaru, sui-jiân lóng ū lâm-pêng-iú, soah àm-chīⁿ-á teh chò͘-hóe. Yuma bô-hoat-tō͘ kái-soeh i tùi Hotaru ê kám-chêng, chòe-āu i siong-sīn in ê koan-hē kó-lêng m̄-sī kan-ta sī iú-chêng.\n\nChit-ê hē-lia̍t liân-chài tī *Comic Yuri Hime,* lóng-chóng ū 6 pún tan-hêng-pún. Tōng-ōe-pán sī Creators in Pack chè-chok, ùi 2017 nî 6 goe̍h kàu 9 goe̍h hòng-sàng.\n\nKò͘-sū\n------\n\nYuma kap Hotaru chū sè-hàn sî tio̍h-sī hó-pêng-iú. Yuma siūⁿ-beh pó-hò͘ Hotaru bē hŏng pà-lêng, chīn-le̍k chiàu-kò͘ i. Chit-má, in i-keng teh tha̍h ko-tiong 2-nî-ki̍p,tān Hotaru sī put-chài chûn-chin. Yuma kau-tio̍h i ê tē-it-ê lâm-pêng-iú, ūi-tio̍h i teh kiaⁿ-sim, só͘-í khah ū-keng-giām ê Hotaru kiàn-gī lâi pâi-ián. In ê pâ-ián āu-bóe chiâⁿ-chò kap Hotaru lā-chi̍h, i koh kóng Yuma chit-má chai-iáⁿ án-chóa kap lâng sio-chim. An-ne hō͘ i teh siūⁿ chit-ê chim pí i kap in lâm-pêng-iú ê koh-khah hó. Ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á, Yuma hoân-ló in lâm-pêng-iú ē hoat-kak i kap Hotaru ê tāi-chì. I mā bô-hoat-tō͘ kái-soeh i kap Hotaru chò-hóe sî ê kám-kak.\n\nJîn-bu̍t\n--------\n\nYuma Okazaki (岡崎由真, *Okazaki Yuma*?)\nVoiced by: Ai Kakuma\nYuma sī kō͘-sū ê chú-kak, kap in hó-pêng-iú kāng-khoán sī ko-tiong jī-nî-ki̍p. I m̄-chai-iáⁿ ài án-chóa kap i tē-it-ê lâm-pêng-iú (Takeda) hō͘-tōng, só͘-í i kap Hotaru siâm-kiû kiàn-gì. Yuma tī in pêng-iú kap i chò-sán-khùi ê sî chin kiaⁿ-gî. I bô-hoat-tō͘ kái-soeh Hotaru kap i lā-chi̍h ia̍h-sī kā i thiàⁿ-thàng ê sî, i ê kám-kak, jî-chhiáⁿ mā teh hoán-ló ē hō͘ Takeda hoat-kak. Tī tē-jī-chi̍p i koat-tēng in ài hun khah khui--leh, jî-chhiáⁿ Yuma hoat-kak i sî leh kap Hotaru gōa-gū. Liáu-āu i ia̍h-sī kám-kak sam-sèng-sam-hèng, in-ùi i bô-siūⁿ-beh siong-hāi í-keng sī pêng-iú ê Takeda. Chòe-āu, i kap Hotaru kò-pe̍h, kap i ùi Shizuoka chhōa-tńg--lâi. \nHotaru Mizushina (水科蛍, *Mizushina Hotaru*?)\nVoiced by: Hiromi Igarashi\nHotaru sī Yuma ùi gín-á-sî ê hó-pêng-iú, sè-hàn sî lóng ài Yuma pó-hō͘. I tōa-hàn āu khai-sí kau chin-chē lâm-pêng-iú, m̄-kú m̄-bat tùi chi̍t-ê chin-sim. I tùi Yuma ê kám-chêng chin kek-lia̍t, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ tūi i tāng-kha-tāng-chhiú. I ūi-tio̍h beh poaⁿ-lî Tang-kiaⁿ, sì-kè chò-san-kang. Chòe-āu, Yuma ia̍h-sī kap i chhōa-tńg--lâi.\nTakeda (武田, *Takeda*?)\nVoiced by: Ryōta Ōsaka\nYuma ê lâm-pêng-iú, tān āu-lâi chhè--ah. I chin tiōng-sī Yuma, m̄-goān tùi i iōng-kiông.\nFujiwara (藤原, *Fujiwara*?)\nVoiced by: Daisuke Ono\nHotaru ê lâm-pêng-iú. Tī ha̍k-hāu chin siū cha-bó͘ hoan-gêng. Hoat-kak Yuma kap Hotaru ê koan-hē.\n\nMûi-thé\n-------\n\n### Bàng-gah\n\n*NTR: Netsuzou Trap* tī *Comic Yuri Hime* ùi 2014 nî 11 goe̍h kàu 2015 nî 12 goe̍h liân-chài. Tē-it-pún *tankōbon* tī 2015 nî chhut-pán. Seven Seas Entertainment chhut-pán Pak-bí-pán ùi 2016 nî 9 goe̍h khai-sí. Seven Seas ê thâu-ke Jason DeAngelis kóng tho̍k-chiá hi-bōng in chhut-pán koh-khah chê *pek-ha̍p*, jī-chhiáⁿ kap *Citrus* siang-thê-pēng-lūn.\n\nKodama pún-chêng siūⁿ-beh siá nn̄g-ê sin-niû, m̄-kó͘ i kám-kak lâng an-ne siuⁿ láu. Só͘-í, i koat-tēng hō͘ in sī tiong-ha̍k-seⁿ. *NTR* tāi-pió *netorare*, hoan chó \"gōa-gū\". Chit-ê sû mā ē-sái lia̍h-chó o͘-kui. Kò͘-sū tiong, nn̄g-ê cha-bó͘-gín-á tī in lâm-pêng-iú m̄-chai ê só͘-chai hō͘-siong chò-khang-chò-chún.\n\n### Tōng-ōe\n\nTōng-ōe pán-pún, tō-ián sī Hisayoshi Hirasawa,chè-chò kong-si sī Creators in Pack, tī 2017 nī 7 goe̍h kàu 9 goe̍h hòng-sàng, gōa-kok ê hòng-sàng sī Crunchyroll. Words in Stereo kap Yūichi Uchibori sī pian-kio̍k, Masaru Kawashima siat-kè kak-sek. Phīⁿ-thâu sī Haruka Tōjō ê \"Blue Bud Blue\", phìⁿ-bóe sī Akira Aikase ê \"Virginal lily\".\n\nPhêng-kè\n--------\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Yuri Anime 'NTR: Netsuzou Trap' Reveals New Key Visual\". *Manga Tokyo*. Retrieved August 9, 2017.\n2. ↑ Kodama Naoko (September 20, 2016). \"1\". *NTR: Netsuzou Trap*. **1**. Los Angeles, California: Seven Seas Entertainment. pp. 6–14. ISBN 978-1-626923-35-5.\n3. ↑ Kodama Naoko (September 20, 2016). \"1\". *NTR: Netsuzou Trap*. **1**. Los Angeles, California: Seven Seas Entertainment. pp. 27–36. ISBN 978-1-626923-35-5.\n4. ↑ \"NTR: Netsuzou Trap TV Anime Casts Ai Kakuma, Hiromi Igarashi\". Anime News Network. January 13, 2017. January 13, 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n6. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n7. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n8. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n9. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n10. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n11. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n12. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n13. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n14. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n15. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kia̍t\n------------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām (Ji̍t-gí)\n* Official anime Twitter account (Ji̍t-gí)\n* *NTR: Netsuzou Trap* at Seven Seas Entertainment\n* *NTR: Netuzô Trap* (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopediaAnime News Network*NTR: Netuzô Trap* (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia","meta":{"title":"NTR: Netuzô Trap","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1439,5052,0.2848376880443389],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \n

    NTR: Netsuzou Trap

    捏造トラップ-NTR-
    \n

    (Netuzô Torappu -NTR-)

    Lūi-hêng\n

    Romance, yuri

    \n

    Bàng-gah

    Chok-chiá\n

    Kodama Naoko

    Chhut-pán\n

    Ichijinsha

    Tâi-oân chhut-pán
    Tong-li̍p
    Tùi-siōngSiàu-lú
    Cha̍p-chì\n

    Comic Yuri Hime

    Liân-chài sî-kan\n

    November 2014 – December 18, 2017

    Chi̍p-sò͘\n

    6

    \n

    Tiān-sī tōng-ōe

    Tō-ián\n

    Hisayoshi Hirasawa

    Chè-chok\n

    Airi Suzuki
    \nKanako Umezawa

    Pian-kio̍k\n

    Words in Stereo
    \nYūichi Uchibori

    Im-ga̍k\n

    Isao

    Studio\n

    Creators in Pack

    Hòng-sàng\n

    AT-X, Tokyo MX, BS11, Tokyo MX 2

    Hòng-sàng Ki-kan\n

    July 5, 2017 – September 20, 2017

    Chi̍p-sò͘\n

    12

    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5446}} -{"text":"**Tâi-gí Pe̍h-oē-jī Bûn-ha̍k Soán-chi̍p** (台語白話字文學選集) sī Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Bûn-ha̍k-koán úi-thok Sêng-kong Tāi-ha̍k Tâi-bûn-hē (成功大學台文系)--ê Chiúⁿ Ûi-bûn (蔣為文) Kàu-siū kap chi̍t kóa gián-kiù Tâi-gú-bûn--ê sian-pòe tī 2011 nî 11 ge̍h chhut-pán--ê 1 thò chheh, lōe-iông sī tùi óng-koè chē-chē--ê POJ bûn-hiàn lāi-bīn kéng chhut khah ū bûn-ha̍k tāi-piáu sèng--ê chok-phín soán-lo̍k ji̍p--khì, 1 thò 5 pún, hun-pia̍t sī:\n\n1. Bûn-hòa lūn-su̍t kap khé-bông (文化論敘kap啟蒙)\n2. Tâi e̍k bûn-ha̍k(台譯文學)\n3. Si.Koa(詩.歌)\n4. Siáu-soat. Ke̍k-pún(小說.劇本)\n5. sàn-bûn(散文)\n\nChit thò chheh múi chi̍t pún thâu-chêng lóng sī ēng POJ goân-bûn,āu-piah ēng Hàn-lô (漢羅) su-siá--ê hong-sek hō͘ ta̍k-ê thang tùi-chiàu, chi̍t hong-bīn mā sī hong-piān hiān-tāi lâng lâi tha̍k, m̄-koh thâu-chêng goân-bûn ê pō͘-hūn in-ūi ū koh têng phah-jī, só͘-í chi̍t jī pòaⁿ jī ū chhò-gō͘, chit-thò chheh--ê hoat-hêng chok-chiá chú-iàu sī beh chèng-bêng Tâi-gú tī 19 sè-kì khai-sí tio̍h ū ēng pe̍h-ōe su-siá ê hong-sek lâi chhut-pán bûn-ha̍k chok-phín, piáu-sī kóng Tâi-oân pe̍h-ōe su-siá ê le̍k-sú sī pí Tiong-kok koh-khah chá.\n\nPut-jî-kò sui-bóng án-ni ,tī chit thò chheh lāi-tóe mā ē-tàng hoat-hiān ū chi̍t kóa sī Tiong-kok chhut-pán ê chok-phín, pí-lún kóng tī thâu 1 pún *Bûn-hòa lūn-su̍t kap khé-bông* chit pún chheh lāi-bīn ū chi̍t phiⁿ *Pit-soàn Ê Chho͘-ha̍k* (筆算 ê 初學) tio̍h sī tī Ē-mn̂g Kó͘-lōng-sū (廈門鼓浪嶼) hoat-hêng--ê, tē 2 pún *Tâi e̍k bûn-ha̍k* mā ū gō͘ phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ sī Ē-mn̂g ê Bân-lâm Sèng-kàu Su-kio̍k (閩南聖教書局) chhut-pán--ê, lēng-gōa mā siu-lo̍k chi̍t phiⁿ tī Siōng-hái Sèng-chheh Kong-hoē (上海聖冊公會) hoat-hêng ê Chhòng-sè-kì (創世紀), ia̍h koh ū tē 3 pún Si.Koa(詩.歌) só͘ siu-lo̍k--ê chok-phín tōa pō͘-hūn lóng sī Ē-mn̂g chhut-pán ê *Ióng-sim-sîn-si* (養心神詩) só͘ kéng--chhut-lâi ê, chiông-tiong ū chi̍t phiⁿ *Sim-sek-koa* (心適歌,1898)--ê chok-chiá tio̍h sī Ē-mn̂g Lú-o̍h (廈門女學)--ê ha̍k-seng, che sī khah sio-ta̍h-thut--ê só͘-chāi.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-gí Pe̍h-ōe-jī Bûn-ha̍k Soán-chi̍p","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[132,1937,0.06814661848218895],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2242}} -{"text":"**Tâi-iông Bí-su̍t Hia̍p-hōe** (臺陽美術協會), kán-chheng **Tâi-iông Bí-hia̍p** (臺陽美協), tī 1934 nî 11 goe̍h 12 hō, iû Tâi-oân ōe-ka Liāu Kè-chhun, Gân Súi-liông, Tân Têng-pho, Tân Chheng-hun, Lí Mûi-sū, Lí Se̍k-chiâu, Iûⁿ Sam-lông, í-ki̍p Li̍p-se̍k Thiat-sîn téng lâng tī Tâi-pak sêng-li̍p. In-ūi chàn-chō͘-chiá sī khòng-siong Ke-lâng Gân-ka ê \"Tâi-iông Tu-sek Hōe-siā\". Tâi-iông Bí-hia̍p kàu 1944 nî tiong-toān oa̍h-tāng chêng, chóng-kiōng kí-pān kòe 10 kái tián-lám, hō-chò **Tâi-iông-tián** (臺陽展), ùi tē-saⁿ kài khí, khai-sí tī Tâi-oân tiong-lâm-pō͘ sûn-hôe tián-lám, ta̍k-nî lóng ē tēng-kî kí-pān. Hām koaⁿ-pān ê Tâi-oân Bí-su̍t Tián-lám-hōe (Tâi-tián) ê tián-kî tī chhiu-thiⁿ bô-kāng, tē-it kài Tâi-iông-tián pān tī 5 goe̍h, tē-tiám tī Goân Tâi-oân Kàu-io̍k Hōe-koán. Tián-lám ê chok-phín pau-hâm tio̍h chúi-be̍k, chúi-chhái, iû-ōe, ka-chhái, pán-ōe, tiau-khek téng, kî-tiong koh í se-iûⁿ-ōe ûi-chú, kî-kan tián-lám kòe hit-sî Tâi-oân it-liû ê bí-su̍t-ka ê chok-phín, mā thui-sak liáu \"Tâi-oân sin bí-su̍t ūn-tōng\".","meta":{"title":"Tâi-iông Bí-su̍t Hia̍p-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1008,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1160}} -{"text":"**Lô-hàn-kha(-á)** (Hàn-jī: 羅漢跤（仔）, 羅漢腳（仔）) pún-té sī Tâi-oân Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi bô chhù bô bó͘, mā m̄ sī tha̍k-chhè-lâng, lông-bîn, kang-lâng, seng-lí-lâng kah taⁿ-khang (擔工) ê lâm-sèng iû-bîn, lo̍h-boé koh ū to̍k-sin tiong-liân cha-po͘ ê ì-sù.\n\nKán-kài\n-------\n\nTâi-oân it-poaⁿ ê kiong-biō, hāng-lō͘ (巷路) nn̄g-pêng ê piah to-sò͘ (多數) ū oē cha̍p-peh-lô-hàn-tô͘ (十八羅漢圖). Iû-bîn tiaⁿ-tiaⁿ oá-khò tī hit-lō piah ê kha, jia-hong, bih-hō͘ (遮風, 覕雨), hioh-khùn ia̍h-sī hi-hi-hōa-hōa.\n\nLēng-goā ê kóng-hoat sī, iû-bîn sàn-chhiah, sî-siông chhēng phoà ê (破鞋), sīm-chì thǹg-chhiah-kha, chhin-chhiūⁿ Hu̍t-kàu ê khó͘-hêng (苦行) Thô͘-tô͘ (Hoān-bûn, Hàn-jī: 頭陀) kah lô-hàn, só͘-í ū lô-hàn-kha chit ê sńg-chhiò--ê chheng-ho͘.\n\nChheng-tiâu sî-tāi chêng-kî, î-bîn kàu Tâi-oân ê hān-chè chiok giâm. 1684 nî siat-li̍p Tâi-oân-koān (臺灣縣) koè-āu, hoat-pō͘ (發布) Tô͘-Tâi Kìm-lēng (渡台禁令). Î-bîn Tâi-oân chìn-chêng, ài sian hoō Tâi-Ē peng-pī-tō͘ (臺廈兵備道), Tâi-oân Hái-hông Tông-ti (臺灣海防同知) sím-cha kah phoe-chún. Jî-chhiáⁿ tō͘-Tâi-chiá (渡臺者) boē-tàng chhoā chhù-lāi-lâng, Kńg-tang-lâng mā bē-sái kàu Tâi-oân, tì-kàu (致到) Tâi-oân jîn-káu tiong, Kheh-lâng khah chió.\n\nIn-ūi kìm-lēng, soà--lo̍h-khì beh chi̍t sè-kí, î-bin bô͘ hoat-tō͘ chhoā ka-koàn (家眷), lú-sèng put-chí-á ha̍t (乏), bô-hoat--tit chhoā-bó ê \"iû-bîn\" móa-sì-kè. Chia--ê lâng tioh hō-chò \"Lô-hàn-kha-á\".\n\nKù *Kat-má-lán Theng Chì (噶瑪蘭廳志)* kì-chài,\n\n*「台灣一種無宅無妻子，不士不農，不工不賣，不負載道路，俗指謂羅漢腳。嫖賭摸竊，械鬥樹旗，靡所不為。曷言乎羅漢腳也？謂其單身遊食四方，隨處結黨；且衫褲不全，赤腳終生也。」* \n\n*(Tâi-oân it chióng bû-the̍k bû-chhe-chú, put-sū put-lông, put-kong put-siong, put hū-chài tō-lō͘, sio̍k chí-ūi lô-hàn-kiok[kha]. Phiâu tó͘ bo̍k chhiap, hāi-tò͘ sū kî, bí só͘ put ûi. Hat giân hô͘ lô-hàn-kiok iá? Ūi kî tan-sin iû-si̍t sù-hong, sûi-chhù kiat tóng, chhiáⁿ san-khò͘ put-choân, chhek khiok chiong-seng iá.)*\n\nHoan-e̍k: \"Tâi-oân ū chi̍t khoán bô-chhù koh bô-bó͘-bô-kâu ,mā m̄ sī tha̍k-chhè-lâng, bô choh lông-bîn, kang-lâng, seng-lí-lâng ia̍h taⁿ-khang ê lang, sio̍k-chheng sī 'lô-hàn-kha'. In khai cha-bó͘, pua̍h-kiáu, choh chha̍t-á, hâi-tò͘ (械鬥), siáⁿ-mih lóng choh--ê--chhut-lâi. Sī-án-choáⁿ kiò in lô-hàn-kha? In-ūi in toaⁿ-sin lōng-tōng (浪蕩) sù-hái, sì-kè oang tóng, jî-chhiáⁿ saⁿ-á-khò͘ phòa-kô͘-kô͘, kui-sì-lâng thǹg-chhiah-kha.\"\n\nĀu--lâi in chiâⁿ-chò chit-má só͘ kóng--ê lô͘-môa.\n\nChham-khó Chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* Tân Siok-kun (陳淑均), *Kat-má-lán-theng Chì (噶瑪蘭廳志)*, Tâi-oân Bûn-hiàn Chông-khan (臺灣文獻叢刊) Tē 160 Chióng.\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Tio̍h-sīLô-hàn-kha\n2. ↑ Liân-oe̍h sī liân-sû só͘ ēng, tha̍k kó͘-bûn sî, ta̍k jī lóng bô piàn-tiàu (變調).","meta":{"title":"Lô-hàn-kha-á","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[215,2623,0.08196721311475409],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3020}} -{"text":"**Pi-chêng Siâⁿ-chhī** (hàn-jī: 悲情城市) sī 1989 nî iû Hâu Hàu-hiân tō-ián ê chi̍t chhut Tâi-oân tiān-iáⁿ; tiān-iáⁿ ê pōe-kéng sī 228 sū-kiāⁿ hoat-seng chêng-āu ê Ke-lâng.\n\nTiān-iáⁿ chhiūⁿ-iáⁿ chêng, in-ūi 228 tī Tâi-oân siā-hōe kah cho̍k-kûn chi-kàiⁿ ê cheng-gī, ín-khí chin chē kìm-kī ōe-tê. Tiān-iáⁿ seng tī Italy ê Venezia Iáⁿ-tián hòng-sàng, tit-tio̍h Kim-sai Chióng ê khéng-tēng.\n\nChhiūⁿ-iáⁿ liáu-āu, Pi-chêng Siâⁿ-chhī ín-khí chin tōa ê thó-lūn. Tû-liáu pò-chóa kah cha̍p-chì ê pò-tō, sīm-chì iáu-ū lūn-bûn kah choan-chu ê choan-bûn gián-kiù kah phêng-lūn. Lēng-gōa, Káu-hūn (九份) mā in-ūi chiit chhut tiān-iáⁿ lâi chhiok-chìn i ê koan-kong sán-gia̍p.\n\nKio̍k-chêng\n-----------\n\n1945 nî, Ji̍t-pún chiàn-pāi, Chiau-hô Thian-hông soan-pò͘ bû-tiâu-kiāⁿ tâu-hâng. Kok-bîn chèng-hú chiap-siu thok-koán Tâi-oân.\n\nKe-lâng Lîm--sī ka-cho̍k só͘ keng-êng ê \"Siáu Siōng-hái\" (小上海) chiú-lâu tī chiàn-āu koh tiông-sin khai-bō͘.","meta":{"title":"Pi-chêng Siâⁿ-chhī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,919,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1065}} -{"text":"**Tâi-lâm-koān** (臺南縣) sī Tâi-oân tī Ji̍t-pún thóng-tī sî-tāi chho͘-kî (1895 nî ~ 1901 nî) ê chi̍t ê koān-kip ê hêng-chèng-khu. Kî-kan bat kái-chè chò **Tâi-lâm Bîn-chèng-chi-pō͘** (臺南民政支部).\n\nIn-ūi Tâi-oân tī Ji̍t-pún thóng-tī chho͘-kî ê hêng-chèng-khu sî-siông teh tiâu-chéng, só͘-í Tâi-lâm-koān ê hoān-ûi mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ū piàn-hoà. Thâu-seng kui-ōe ê hoān-ûi sī chit-má ê Ka-gī-koān, Ka-gī-chhī, Tâi-lâm-chhī, Ko-hiông-chhī, Pîn-tong-koān, Tâi-tang-koān kap Hoa-liân-koān. Tī 1901 nî Tâi-lâm-thiaⁿ siat-li̍p chêng, Tâi-lâm-koān koán-hat ê hoān-ûi sī chit-má ê Ka-gī-koān, Ka-gī-chhī, Tâi-lâm-chhī, Ko-hiông-chhī kap Pîn-tong-koān pak-pō͘.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n1895 nî 6 goe̍h 28 hō, ùi Chheng-tiâu thóng-tī sî-tāi bóe-kî ê Tâi-oân-hú kap Tâi-tang Ti̍t-lē-chiu kái-chè lâi ê, koán-hat-khu hâm-kài Tâi-oân tiong-pō͘, pau-hâm chit-má ê Ka-gī-koān, Ka-gī-chhī, Tâi-lâm-chhī, Ko-hiông-chhī, Pîn-tong-koān, Tâi-tang-koān kap Hoa-liân-koān, tān-sī pēng bô pau-hâm goân-lâi Tâi-lâm-hú koán-hat ê Phêⁿ-ô͘-thiaⁿ. Chit-sî, Tâi-lâm-koān ē-bin6 koh siat ū An-pêng, Hōng-soaⁿ, Hêng-chhun kap Tâi-tang 4 ê chi-thiaⁿ. Put-kò, hit-tong-sî ê Ji̍t-pún tong-kio̍k pēng bô-hoat-tō͘ iú-hàu khòng-chè Tâi-oân lâm-pō͘, kāng-nî ê 8 goe̍h 24 hō kái-chè chò Tâi-lâm Bîn-chèng-chi-pō͘, jî-chhiáⁿ Ka-gī tē-khu kái iû Tâi-oân Bîn-chèng-chi-pō͘ koán-hat, ē-bīn kui-ōe siat-li̍p An-pêng, Hōng-soaⁿ, Hêng-chhun kap Tâi-tang 4 ê chhut-tiuⁿ-só͘. Tòe Ji̍t-pún kun-tūi ta̍uh-ta̍uh lâm-hā, Tâi-lâm-hú-siâⁿ kap Hêng-chhun-koān-siâⁿ lóng pī chiàm-niá liáu-āu, Tâi-lâm Bîn-chèng-chi-pō͘ chiah chèng-sek tī Tâi-lâm-hú-siâⁿ sêng-li̍p; thiaⁿ-siā sú-iōng Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi ê Sûn-tō-sú (巡道署), pēng chiap-siū Tâi-oân Bîn-chèng-chi-pō͘ ê Ka-gī Chhut-tiuⁿ-só͘.\n\n1896 nî 4 goe̍h 1 hō, Tâi-lâm Bîn-chèng-chi-pō͘ koh kái hôe chò Tâi-lâm-koān, ē-té ê chhut-tiuⁿ-só͘ mā kái chò chi-thiaⁿ. Keh-tńg-tang 6 goe̍h 10 hō, tī choân Tâi-oân kái-chè chò 6 koān 3 thiaⁿ ê sî, Tâi-lâm-koān kan-na chhun chit-má ê Tâi-lâm-chhī lâm-pō͘ kap Ko-hiông-chhī tang-pak-pō͘, kî-tiong Ka-gī-chi-thiaⁿ piàn-chò Ka-gī-koān, Hōng-soaⁿ kap Hêng-chhun-chi-thiaⁿ kái-chò Hōng-soaⁿ-koān, Tâi-tang-chi-thiaⁿ piàn-chò Tâi-tang-thiaⁿ.\n\n1898 nî 6 goe̍h 28 hō, 6 koān 3 thiaⁿ koh kái chò 3 koān 3 thiaⁿ, Ka-gī-koān kap Hōng-soaⁿ-koān koh-chài pēng-ji̍p Tâi-lâm-koān. 1901 nî 5 goe̍h 10 hō, Hêng-chhun-thiaⁿ ùi Tâi-lâm-koān hun-thiah chhut-lâi, chiâⁿ-chò 3 koān 4 thiaⁿ ê tē-4 thiaⁿ. Kāng-nî ê 11 goe̍h 11 hō, 3 koān 4 thiaⁿ koh kái-chè chò 20 thiaⁿ, hòe-chí Tâi-lâm-koān, hun-thiah chò Ka-gī-thiaⁿ, Kiâm-chúi-káng-thiaⁿ, Tâi-lâm-thiaⁿ, Hōng-soaⁿ-thiaⁿ, Han-chî-liâu-thiaⁿ kap A-kâu-thiaⁿ 6 ê thiaⁿ-kip ê hêng-chèng-khu.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Tâi-lâm-hú\n* Tâi-tang Ti̍t-lē-chiu\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê hêng-chèng-khu (1895 nî ~ 1945 nî) |\n| --- |\n| |\n| 3 koān 1 thiaⁿ (1895 nî ~ 1897 nî) | Tâi-pak-koān **·** Tâi-tiong-koān **·** Tâi-lâm-koān **·** Phêⁿ-ô͘-tó-thiaⁿ |\n| |\n| 6 koān 3 thiaⁿ (1897 nî ~ 1898 nî) | Tâi-pak-koān **·** Sin-tek-koān **·** Tâi-tiong-koān **·** Ka-gī-koān **·** Tâi-lâm-koān **·** Hōng-soaⁿ-koān **·** Gî-lân-thiaⁿ **·** Tâi-tang-thiaⁿ **·** Phêⁿ-ô͘-thiaⁿ |\n| |\n| 3 koān 4 thiaⁿ (1898 nî ~ 1901 nî) | Tâi-pak-koān **·** Tâi-tiong-koān **·** Tâi-lâm-koān **·** Gî-lân-thiaⁿ **·** Tâi-tang-thiaⁿ **·** Phêⁿ-ô͘-thiaⁿ **·** Hêng-chhun-thiaⁿ |\n| |\n| 20 thiaⁿ (1901 nî ~ 1909 nî) | Gî-lân-thiaⁿ **·** Ke-lâng-thiaⁿ **·** Tâi-pak-thiaⁿ **·** Chhim-kheⁿ-thiaⁿ **·** Thô-hn̂g-thiaⁿ **·** Sin-tek-thiaⁿ **·** Biâu-le̍k-thiaⁿ **·** Tâi-tiong-thiaⁿ **·** Chiong-hoà-thiaⁿ **·** Lâm-tâu-thiaⁿ **·** Táu-lâm-thiaⁿ **·** Ka-gī-thiaⁿ **·** Kiâm-chúi-káng-thiaⁿ **·** Tâi-lâm-thiaⁿ **·** Hōng-soaⁿ-thiaⁿ **·** Han-chî-liâu-thiaⁿ **·** A-kâu-thiaⁿ **·** Hêng-chhun-thiaⁿ **·** Tâi-tang-thiaⁿ **·** Phêⁿ-ô͘-thiaⁿ |\n| |\n| 12 thiaⁿ (1909 nî ~ 1920 nî) | Gî-lân-thiaⁿ **·** Tâi-pak-thiaⁿ **·** Thô-hn̂g-thiaⁿ **·** Sin-tek-thiaⁿ **·** Tâi-tiong-thiaⁿ **·** Lâm-tâu-thiaⁿ **·** Ka-gī-thiaⁿ **·** Tâi-lâm-thiaⁿ **·** A-kâu-thiaⁿ **·** Tâi-tang-thiaⁿ **·** Hoa-liân-káng-thiaⁿ **·** Phêⁿ-ô͘-thiaⁿ |\n| |\n| 5 chiu 3 thiaⁿ (1920 nî ~ 1945 nî) | Tâi-pak-chiu **·** Sin-tek-chiu **·** Tâi-tiong-chiu **·** Tâi-lâm-chiu **·** Ko-hiông-chiu **·** Tâi-tang-thiaⁿ **·** Hoa-liân-káng-thiaⁿ **·** Phêⁿ-ô͘-thiaⁿ |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi-lâm-koān (Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1329,3957,0.33586050037907506],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4957}} -{"text":"**Tâi-gí tiān-iáⁿ** (台語電影), mā hō-chò **Tâi-gí-phìⁿ** (台語片), hia̍p-gī-siōng sī ēng Tâi-oân-ōe phòe-im ê tiān-iáⁿ.\n\nBo̍k-chiân ê Tâi-gí tiān-iáⁿ sī choan-bûn kóng Tâi-oân tī 1955 nî kàu 1981 nî, ēng Tâi-gí hoat-im ê Tâi-oân tiān-iáⁿ, chham hit-tang-chūn ê Kok-gí-phìⁿ kap Hā-gí-phìⁿ chò khu-keh. Tī Tâi-gí-phìⁿ lāi, bô-lūn kak-sek ê pòe-kéng sī siáⁿ-mi̍h, it-lu̍t lóng sī Tâi-gí hoat-im ûi-chú; che chham tong-sî ê Kok-gí-phìⁿ ê chêng-hòng sio-kāng. 1982 nî āu, tiān-iáⁿ lāi ê gí-giân put-chài siū-tio̍h chè-iok, koh ka-siōng chè-chok hong-sek mā kap kòe-khì ê hong-hoat bô-kāng, só͘-í bô tī \"Tâi-gí-phìⁿ\" ê tēng-gī hoān-ûi lāi.\n\nLēng-goā, chòe-āu chi̍t phō Tâi-gí tiān-iáⁿ sī 1981 nî iû Iûⁿ Lē-hoa chú-iáⁿ ê koa-á-hì tiān-iáⁿ *Tân Saⁿ Gō͘-niû*. 1955 nî kàu 1981 nî tiong-kan, Tâi-gí-phìⁿ chóng-sán-liōng ta̍t 1000-goā phō, hiān-chûn chāi Kok-ka Tiān-iáⁿ Tiong-sim ê chok-phín tāi-iok ū 200-goā phō. Lēng-goā, sin sè-kí to-goân tiān-iáⁿ tiông-jiân Tâi-gí jia̍t-tiâu, m̄-koh chē-chē lóng sī thàu-lām Ji̍t-gí kap Hoâ-gí ê chok-phín, chhin-chhiūⁿ 2005 nî ê *Phû-sè Kng-iáⁿ*.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-gí tiān-iáⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1082,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1253}} -{"text":"Tayal ê hū-jîn-lâng\n**Tayal-cho̍k** sī Tâi-ôan ê 1 ê gôan-chū-bîn-cho̍k. Chiàu 2003-nî ê thóng-kè, Tayal-cho̍k lóng-chóng ū 9-bān-gōa lâng, pâi tī Pangcah-cho̍k ê āu-piah, sī chit-má Tâi-ôan gôan-chū-bîn-cho̍k ê tē-2-tōa cho̍k.\n\nKhiā-khí ê khu-he̍k\n-------------------\n\nSekoleq chham Tseole.\n**Tayal-cho̍k** khiā tī Tâi-ôan pak-pō· Tiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng ê 2-pêng, hām Hoa-lian, Gî-lân téng-téng só·-chāi ê soaⁿ-khu. Tayal-cho̍k lāi-té koh ū hun-chò **Tayal** kap **Sediq** 2-ê a-cho̍k.\n\n**Tayal a-cho̍k** koh hun-chò Sekoleq hām Tseole 2-kûn. **Sediq** hun-chò Tang-Sediq-Kûn kap Sai-Sediq-Kûn.\n\nTayal-cho̍k khiā ê só·-chāi ū chiâⁿ-chē kôan-soaⁿ, pí-lūn-kóng Chhah-thiⁿ-soaⁿ ( 插天山 ), Chhe-lân-soaⁿ ( 棲蘭山 ), Ha̍p-hoan-soaⁿ ( 合歡山 ), Tōa-pà-chiam-soaⁿ( 大霸尖山 ), Kî-lâi-soaⁿ ( 奇萊山 ) téng-téng. Nā hū-kīn ê hô-khe ū Sin-tiàm-khe( 新店溪 ), Tāi-kah-khe ( 大甲溪 ), Siù-ko·-lôan-khe ( 秀姑巒溪 ) téng-téng. Tayal-cho̍k thôan-thóng sī khò soaⁿ-chhân hóe-choh ( 火作 ), phah-la̍h kap chhái-chi̍p seng-o̍ah.\n\nNā chiàu hêng-chèng-khu-he̍k lâi khòaⁿ, hiān-chú-sî Tayal-cho̍k jîn-kháu tī Hoa-lian Siù-nâ-hiong ( 秀林鄉 ) siōng-chē, lēng-gōa in mā khiā tī Lâm-tâu ( 南投 ) Jîn-ài-hiong ( 仁愛鄉 ), Sin-tek ( 新竹 ) Chiam-chio̍h-hiong ( 尖石鄉 ), Thô-hn̂g ( 桃園 ) Ho̍k-heng-hiong ( 復興鄉 ), Hoa-lian ( 花蓮 ) Bān-êng-hiong ( 萬榮鄉 ), Gî-lân ( 宜蘭 ) Lâm-ò-hiong ( 南澳鄉 ).\n\nKin-thâu kap thôan-thóng\n------------------------\n\nTayal-cho̍k kin-thâu ê thôan-soeh, ū ē-kha chit-3-ê hē-thóng:\n\n* Tayal-cho̍k ê chó·-kong-á sī tōa chio̍h-pôaⁿ pit--khui seⁿ--chhut-lâi-ê. Tāi-chì hoat-seng tī Jîn-ài-hiong Hoat-siông-chhun ( 仁愛鄉發祥村 ) hū-kīn 1-ê hō-chò **Pinsebukan** ê só·-chāi. **Pinsebukan** sī \"Chó·-kong-á ê só·-chāi \"ê ì-sù.\n\n* Tayal-cho̍k ê chó·-kong-á sī Tōa-pà-chiam-soaⁿ( 大霸尖山 ) soaⁿ-téng ê tōa-chio̍h-pôaⁿ seⁿ--chhut-lâi-ê. Chit-khóan kóng-hoat jīn-ûi Tayal-cho̍k ê chó·-kong-á sī ùi Tōa-pà-chiam-soaⁿ( 大霸尖山 ) lo̍h--lâi-ê.\n\n* Tayal-cho̍k ê chó·-kong-á sī Bān-tāi-pak-khe ( 萬大北溪 ) chúi-thâu ê Pe̍h-chio̍h-soaⁿ ( 白石山 ) téng-kôan ê lāu chhiū-kin seⁿ--chhut-lâi-ê.\n\nTayal-cho̍k ū 2-ê kap kî-thaⁿ Tâi-ôan gôan-chū-bîn bô-kâng ê koan-liām:\n\nGaga ê koan-liām**Gaga** sī 1-chióng siā-hōe hoat-lu̍t, sī Tayal-cho̍k lâng pō·-pêng seng-o̍ah kap hong-sio̍k si̍p-kòan ê kui-tēng. Sūn-thàn kāng-1-ê gaga ê lâng chò-hóe pān chè-tián, chò-hóe choh-sit mā chò-hóe hun-hióng. Nā hōan-tio̍h gaga tō-sī hōan-tio̍h khī-khek, khó-lêng ē hō· sîn-lêng chhù-ho̍at.\nRutux ê sìn-gióng**Rutux** sī 1-chióng tùi chhiau-chū-jiân sîn-lêng ê sìn-gióng. Nā ū lâng hōan-tio̍h gaga tō khó-lêng ē khì hō· rutux chhù-ho̍at, hō· rutux kiaⁿ-tio̍h khó-lêng ē phòa-pēⁿ, tī gōa-kháu chia̍h-pn̄g, lim-chiú ê sî-chūn, tio̍h hē chi̍t-kóa tī thô·-kha hō· rutux chia̍h. Tī maho ( chó·-lêng-chè; 祖靈祭 ) soah-kó· liáu-āu, beh lī-khui chìn-chêng tio̍h seng kòe-hóe, piáu-sī kap rutux chiàm-khui. Chin-chē hiān-siōng lóng khòaⁿ-ē-chhut Tayal-cho̍k tùi rutux ê kiaⁿ-hiâⁿ.\nTayal-cho̍k sī 1-ê pêng-téng ê siā-hōe. Ū châi-tiāu ê lâng tō chò pō·-lo̍k ê thâu-lâng, phah-la̍h\n, chhut-chhó ( 出草 ) mā sī ióng-kám ê cho̍k-lâng chhōa-thâu. M̄-koh nā pō·-lo̍k ū tōa tāi-chì ê sî, sī tiúⁿ-ló-hōe-gī teh chò-chú-chhâi.\n\n### Chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi\n\nTayal-cho̍k siōng hō· lâng chù-ba̍k ê tō-sī chhiah-o·-a-chhùi, éng-kòe, Tayal-cho̍k ê cha-po·-lâng tio̍h thâi-lâng-thâu, cha-bó͘-lâng tio̍h ē-hiáu kiⁿ-pò·, chiah ē-sái chhiah-o·-a-chhùi. \n\nHiān-chú-sî Tâi-ôan gôan-chū-bîn lāi-té ū chhiah-o·-a-chhùi--ê kan-taⁿ Tayal-cho̍k kap Saisiyat-cho̍k 2-cho̍k. Pí--khí-lâi Tayal-cho̍k chhiah--ê koh khah-chē. Chhiah-o·-a-chhùi tùi cha-po·-lâng lâi kóng, sī tńg-tōa-lâng ê kì-jīn, mā-sī ióng-kám ê hō-thâu. Nā tùi cha-bó͘-lâng lâi kóng, sī chin gâu kiⁿ-pò· ê kì-jīn. Tayal-cho̍k ê cha-bó͘-gín-á, tī 13, 14-hòe ê sî, tio̍h tòe a-bú o̍h kiⁿ-pò͘ ê kang-gē, mā khai-sí kā ka-tī chún-pī chhut-kè ê saⁿ. Tán kah cha-bó͘-gín-á kiⁿ-pò· kiⁿ kah se̍k-chhiú, chiah ún-chún i chhiah-o·-a-chhùi, koh lâi mā chiah ē-tàng chhōe ài-jîn. Tī pō·-lo̍k lāi-té, bē-hiáu kiⁿ-pò· koh bô chhiah-o·-a-chhùi ê cha-bó͘-gín-á sī bô cha-po·-gín-á ē khì kā tui-pàng--ê.\n\nChhiah-o·-a-chhùi ê hong-sio̍k tī Ji̍t-pún-sî-tāi ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á hông kìm-chí, taⁿ iáu ū chhiah-o·-a-chhùi ê Tayal-cho̍k-lâng lóng sī 70, 80-gōa hòe ê lāu-lâng--ah.\n\nChiah-ê lia̍h-chāi-gōa, chhiah-o·-a-chhùi mā ū hó-khòaⁿ kap phek-siâ ê lō·-iōng. Tayal-cho̍k-lâng tī soaⁿ--ni̍h choh-sit, chia̍h-àm-pá liáu-āu, tio̍h kā thòaⁿ-hu boah tī thâu-hia̍h kap ē-hâi, bián-tit hō· siâ-sîn chiūⁿ-sin, chiàu án-ne khòaⁿ--khí-lâi, chit-2-hāng tāi-chì ū khó-lêng ū kāng-khóan ê gôan-thâu.\n\nTayal-cho̍k-lâng siong-sìn nā in ū lâng kòe-sin, tńg-khì kàu chó·-lêng khiā ê só·-chāi ê sî-chūn, chó·-kong-á ē ēng bīn--ni̍h ê chhiah-hō lâi jīn ka-tī ê kiáⁿ-sun. Só·-í chhiah-o·-a-chhùi mā-sī kòe-óng liáu-āu kap chó·-kong-á thang thôan-îⁿ ê kì-jīn.\n\nKoan-hē bûn-chiuⁿ\n-----------------\n\n* Smangus\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Atayal*** |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hêng-chèng-īⁿ ū sêng-jīm | Amis-cho̍k (Pangcah)   Tayal-cho̍k   Bunun-cho̍k   Kanakanavu-cho̍k   Kavalan-cho̍k   Paiwan-cho̍k   Puyuma-cho̍k   Rukai-cho̍k   Saaroa-cho̍k   Sakizaya-cho̍k   Saisiyat-cho̍k   Seediq-cho̍k   Tao-cho̍k   Thao-cho̍k   Truku-cho̍k   Tsou-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Tē-hng ū sêng-jīm | Makatao-cho̍k (Pîn-tong-koān)   Siraya-cho̍k (Tâi-lâm-chhī)   Taivuan-cho̍k (Hoa-liân-koān Hù-lí-hiong) |\n| |\n| Koaⁿ-hong bô sêng-jīm | Babuza-cho̍k   Basay-cho̍k   Hoanya-cho̍k   Kaxabu-cho̍k   Ketagalan-cho̍k   Kulon-cho̍k   Luilang-cho̍k   Papora-cho̍k   Pazeh-cho̍k   Qauqaut-cho̍k   Taokas-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ hun-lūi | Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k   Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k   Formosa-lâng |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tayal-cho̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1311,5489,0.23884131900163963],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6628}} -{"text":"\n*Shahnameh* ê hong-bīn\n***Shahnameh*** (Bân-lâm-bûn: **Lia̍t-ông-kì**) sī Pho-su bîn-cho̍k ê sú-si. *Shahnameh* iû 10 sè-kí boa̍t-kî kap 11 sè-kí chho͘-kî ê ū-miâ Pho-su si-jîn Ferdowsi iōng Pho-su-bûn choān-siá; tn̂g-tō͘ tāi-iok ū 6-bān-gōa liân ah-ūn tùi-kù; kì-lo̍k tio̍h tùi oán-kó͘ sîn-ōe sî-kî kàu 7 sè-kí ê Pho-su Sassanid Ông-tiâu bia̍t-bông chit 4000-gōa tang ê Pho-su Tè-kok ê sîn-ōe thoân-soat kap le̍k-sú kò͘-sū, í-ki̍p 50-gōa ūi tè-ông ê thóng-tī sū-chek.\n\nChit-phō sú-si pī kiò-chò sī Pho-su kó͘-chá siā-hōe seng-oa̍h ê pek-kho-choân-su, tùi Pho-su ê gí-giân kap bûn-hòa tī A-lá-peh-lâng thóng-tī sî-kî ē-thang pó-chûn khí liáu tiōng-iàu ê chok-iōng, sī I-lang bîn-cho̍k ê bûn-hòa jīm-tông tiong tiōng-iàu ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn. *Shahnameh* m̄-nā tī Pho-su bûn-ha̍k tiong khū-iú tiōng-iàu ê tē-ūi, tùi Tiong-a kî-thaⁿ bîn-cho̍k ê bûn-ha̍k mā ū bêng-hián ê éng-hióng.","meta":{"title":"Shahnameh","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,856,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1000}} -{"text":"\n\n***Kotonoha no Niwa*** (Ji̍t-gí: **言の葉の庭**; Eng-gí: ***The Garden of Words***) iah ***Giân-ia̍p chi Thêng*** (言葉之庭) sī 2013 nî Sinkai Makoto (新海 誠) ê Manga tiān-iáⁿ chok-phín, i--ê ì-sù sī \"**Kóng-ōe ê tiâⁿ-táu**\".\n\nKò͘-sū\n------\n\nChit chhut ang-á-oē chok-phín lī-iōng ài-chêng iáu-bōe kàu chìn-chêng ê ko͘-toaⁿ, lâi tián-hiān chhut loân-ài ê chú-tê. Tī n̂g-sng-hō͘ ê kuì-cheh, *Akizuki Takao (秋月 孝雄)* kah *Yukino Yukari (雪野 百香里)* tàm hō͘ tiong ê Sinzyuku Gū-oán (新宿御苑) sio-tú. Kò͘-sū tō uì lú-chú-kak lâu hō͘ lâm-tsú-kak chi̍t pún Bān-ia̍p-chi̍p (萬葉集) khai-sí.\n\nJîn-bu̍t\n--------\n\n* *Akizuki Takao (秋月 孝雄)*\n* *Yukino Yukari (雪野 百香里)*\n* *Takao ê a-hiaⁿ (タカオの兄)*\n* *Takao ê lāu-bú (タカオの母)*\n* *Takao ê a-hiaⁿ ê lú-pêng-iú (タカオの兄の彼女)*\n* *Matumoto (松本)*\n* *Satô (佐藤)*\n* *Aizawa (相沢)*\n\nChè-chok Jîn-oân\n----------------\n\n* Sinkai Makoto: goân-tù, kio̍k-pún kah tō-ián.\n* Tutiya Keniti (土屋 堅一): chò-uē kàm-tok, jîn-bu̍t siat-kè.\n* Takiguti Hirosi (滝口 比呂志): bí-su̍t kàm-tok.\n* KASIWA Daisuke: im-ga̍k.\n\nChú-tê-khek\n-----------\n\n* Hata Motohiro (秦 基博) - *Rain*\n\nGuā-kháu\n--------\n\n* (Ji̍t-pún-gí) Kotonoha no Niwa ê koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām.\n* (Ji̍t-pún-gí) Kotonoha no Niwa tī Facebook téng-bīn ê choan-ia̍h.","meta":{"title":"Kotonoha no Niwa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[497,1086,0.4576427255985267],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1390}} -{"text":"\n**Ông Éng-khèng** (王永慶), 1917 nî 1 goe̍h 18 ji̍t – 2008 nî 10 goe̍h 15 ji̍t, chhut-sì tī Tâi-ôan Sin-tiàm, chó·-che̍k Hok-kiàn An-khoe-kōan, Tâi-ôan Tâi-sok chi̍p-thôan ê táng-sū-tiúⁿ. \n\nI tī 2008 nî 10 go̍eh 15 ūi Bí-kok New Jersey kòe-sin.\n\nÔng Éng-khèng ê Keng-le̍k\n-------------------------\n\nÔng Éng-khèng chêng 15 hòe to̍h chhut-gōa-kháu chò-kang, 16 hòe to̍h ē-hiáng ka-kī khui bí-tiàm chò thâu-ke. In-ūi i chò tāi-chì chin kut-la̍t, chin phah-piàⁿ, hō͘ i kha-pō͘ lú kiâⁿ lú pō͘-chāi, chin kín to̍h tiàm seng-lí-kài kah lâng ū pí-phēng. 1954 nî, Ông--sian ka-kī chông-chîⁿ chhòng-li̍p Tâi-sok Kong-si. \n\nKàu-taⁿ, 50 kúi-nî kòe--khì ah, Tâi-sok chi̍p-thôan mā chiâⁿ-chòe chôan Tâi-ôan siāng tōa ê bîn-êng khì-gia̍p chi̍p-thôan, hā-sio̍k kong-si pau-koah Tâi-ôan Sok-ka Kong-si chāi-lāi lóng-chóng 9-keng kong-si, ôan-kang 7-bān-gōa lâng, chóng chu-sán 1.5-bān ek Sin-tâi-phiò.\n\nTâi-sok chi̍p-thôan\n-------------------\n\nTâi-sok chi̍p-thôan keng-êng hōan-ûi chin-chiàⁿ khoah, pau-koah liān-iû, se̍k-hòa(石化) gôan-liāu, sok-liāu ka-kang, pòan-tō-thé, khì-chhia, hoat-tiān, kàu-io̍k, i-liâu téng-téng. Te̍k-pia̍t tī se̍k-hòa léng-he̍k, in kiàn-li̍p liáu ùi gôan-iû chìn-kháu, ūn-su, thê-liān, hun-kái, ka-kang chè-chō kàu-kah sêng-phín-iû siau-siû chit-khóan ôan-chéng ê sán-gia̍p-liān, ē-sái-kóng, chôan Tâi-ôan chhut bô tē-jī ke chit-khóan ê khì-gia̍p chi̍p-thôan.\n\nÔng Éng-khèng tī Tiong-kok hoat-tián\n------------------------------------\n\nÔng Éng-khèng chin gâu chiáng-ak si-ki, i ê su-gia̍p m̄-nā tī Tâi-ôan chhèng-kah lia̍h-bōe-tiâu, tiàm Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k mā kāng-khóan khóai-sok leh hoat-tián. 20 sè-kí 90 nî-tāi liáu-āu, Ông Éng-khèng tiàm Tiong-kok kok só·-chāi kiàn-li̍p 30-gōa-ke chú-iàu ka-kang se̍k-hòa gôan-liāu ê khì-gia̍p kah tōa-hêng hoat-tiān-chhiúⁿ (chhiáng). Che i gōa, taⁿ koh put-tōan teh tâu-chu sin--ê se̍k-hòa, khì-chhia, kǹg-thih, bu̍t-liû, i-liâu téng tiōng-iàu ê sán-gia̍p.\n\nÔng--sī ka-cho̍k\n----------------\n\nÔng--sī chit kháu-chàu jîn-teng chiâⁿ ōng, tī Tâi-ôan kah hái-gōa lóng-chóng ū chiâⁿ-pah ê kiáⁿ-sun. Ông Éng-khèng, Ông Éng-chāi in nn̄g-ê hiaⁿ-tī-á sī ka-cho̍k lāi ê nn̄g-ê lâu-tōa. \n\nÔng Éng-khèng chit sì-lâng chêng-āu chhōa kòe 3-ê thài-thài, tōa-bó· Koeh Go̍at-lân bô seⁿ, jī-thài-thài Liāu Kiau thn̂g 2 lâm 3 lú, to̍h-sī Ông Bûn-iông, Ông Bûn-siông, Ông Kùi-hûn, Ông Soat-lêng kah Ông soat-hông. Tē-3 thài-thài Lí Pó-chu seⁿ 4-ê cha-bó·-kiáⁿ, to̍h sī Ông Sūi-hôa, Ông Sūi-jû, Ông Sūi-hūi kah Ông Sūi-iông. \n\nÔng Éng-khèng in sió-tī Ông Éng-chāi ôan-á chhōa 2 pâng chhe-sek, lóng-chóng thn̂g 3-ê cha-po·-teng kah 5-ê cha-bó·-kiáⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Ông Éng-khèng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2425,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2890}} -{"text":"**Lâng-miâ** (儂名), he̍k-chiá **jîn-bêng** (人名), sī jîn-lūi ūi tio̍h beh khu-hun kò-thé, hō͘ ta̍k-ê kò-thé ê te̍k-tēng miâ-chheng hû-hō. Lâng-miâ sī thàu-kòe gí-giân bûn-jī chu-sìn lâi khu-pia̍t jîn-kûn kò-thé chha-īⁿ ê piau-chì. In-ūi ū lâng-miâ ê chûn-chāi kap sú-iōng, lâng kap lâng chi-kan chiah ē-ēng chèng-siông kau-óng. Lâng-miâ ê chhut-hiān kap sú-iōng sī tī gí-giân sán-seng liáu-āu. Ta̍k-ê chéng-cho̍k ia̍h-sī bîn-cho̍k lóng ū lâng-miâ hō-miâ ê si̍p-koàn. Chit khoán si̍p-koàn siū-tio̍h le̍k-sú, siā-hōe, bîn-cho̍k téng-téng chē-chē bûn-hòa in-sò͘ ê éng-hióng; chi̍t ê lâng ê miâ-jī thong-siông lóng ū it-tēng ê hâm-gī.\n\nLâng-miâ ê cho͘-sêng tī sūn-sī siōng ê chha-pia̍t; tang-hong kap se-hong bô-kāng. Tang-hong ê lâng-miâ sī sèⁿ-sī siá tī miâ-jī ê thâu-chêng; se-hong sī tian-tò-péng, kā sèⁿ-sī siá tī miâ-jī ê āu-piah. Tang-hong sūn-sī ê lâng-miâ chú-iàu hun-pò͘ tī Tang-a, Magyar, kap Hui-chiu ê pō͘-hūn só͘-chāi; se-hong sūn-sī ê lâng-miâ chú-iàu hun-pò͘ tī Se-au, Bí-chiu, Ò-chiu, kap Sin Jia̍t-lân-jia téng-téng só͘-chāi. Hô-ló Bîn-cho̍k ê lâng-miâ sūn-sī sī sio̍k-î tang-hong ê sūn-sī.","meta":{"title":"Lâng-miâ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1102,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1272}} -{"text":" **Chhùi-khí ê chióng-lūi**\n* Tōa-āu-chan (*molar*) ēng-lâi géng-bo̍ah chia̍h-mi̍h.\n* Sió-āu-chan (*premolar*) kah tōa-āu-chan siō-siâng, ah-m̄-koh khah sè-ki, ū-sî-chūn hō-chòe siang-chiam-khí (*bicuspid*).\n* Carnassial ēng-lâi thiah-kā chia̍h-mi̍h, kan-taⁿ bah-si̍t tōng-bu̍t (*carnivore*) ū.\n* Kak-khí (*canine*) ēng-lâi thiah-kā chia̍h-mi̍h, ū-sî-chūn kiò-chòe chiam-khí (*cuspid*).\n* Mn̂g-khí (*incisor*) the̍h-lâi chhiat-tn̄g chia̍h-mi̍h, koh kiò-chòe chhiat-khí.\n\nJîn-lūi ū 2-thò **chhùi-khí**, 1-ê sī ni-khí (Hàn-jī: 乳齒, Eng-gí: *deciduous tooth*) koh 1-ê sī éng-kiú-khí (Hàn-jī: 永久齒, Eng-gí: *permanent tooth*).\n\nTāi-iok tī chhut-sì 6 kó·-go̍eh ê sî khai-sí hoat ni-khí, it-ti̍t kàu 3 hòe chìn-chêng ē chôan-pō· hoat oân. Tán kàu 6 hòe chó-iū, ni-khí khai-sí thoat-lo̍h, éng-kiú-khí mā khai-sí hoat. Kàu 12 hòe ni-khí chôan-pō la̍k liáu, éng-kiú-khí tī-le̍h 18 hòe chó-iū lâi hoat oân.\n\nChhùi-khí ê sò·-liōng kap miâ-chheng\n------------------------------------\n\nNi-khí ū 20 khí, nā kā chhùi-khí hun-chò téng-ham, ē-ham kap tò-pêng, chiàⁿ-pêng 4-ê pō·-hūn, múi 1-ê pō·-hūn ū 5 khí. \n\nÙi-chêng-kàu-āu téng-ham ê ni-khí hun-pia̍t sī kiò chò: \n\n* **Téng-ham ni chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí** ( *upper deciduous central incisor*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Téng-ham ni chhek-mn̂g-khí** (*upper deciduous lateral incisor*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Téng-ham ni kak-khí** (*upper deciduous canine*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Téng-ham tē-1 ni āu-chan** (*upper first deciduous molar*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Téng-ham tē-2 ni āu-chan** (*upper second deciduous molar*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n\nÙi-chêng-kàu-āu ē-ham ê ni-khí hun-pia̍t sī kiò chò: \n\n* **Ē-ham ni chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí** (*lower deciduous central incisor*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Ē-ham ni chhek-mn̂g-khí** (*lower deciduous lateral incisor*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Ē-ham ni kak-khí** (*lower deciduous canine*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Ē-ham tē-1 ni āu-chan** (*lower first deciduous molar*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Ē-ham tē-2 ni āu-chan** (*lower second deciduous molar*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n\nÉng-kiú-khí ū 32 khí, ta̍k-ê pō·-hūn ū 8 khí. \n\nÙi-chêng-kàu-āu téng-ham ê éng-kiú-khí hun-pia̍t sī kiò chò: \n\n* **Téng-ham éng-kiú chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí** (*upper permanent central incisor*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Téng-ham éng-kiú chhek-mn̂g-khí** (*upper permanent lateral incisor*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Téng-ham éng-kiú kak-khí** (*upper permanent canine*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Téng-ham tē-1 éng-kiú sió-āu-chan** (*upper first permanent premolar*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Téng-ham tē-2 éng-kiú sió-āu-chan** (*upper second permanent premolar*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Téng-ham tē-1 éng-kiú tōa-āu-chan** (*upper first permanent molar*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Téng-ham tē-2 éng-kiú tōa-āu-chan** (*upper second permanent molar*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Téng-ham tē-3 éng-kiú tōa-āu-chan** (*upper third permanent molar*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n\nÙi-chêng-kàu-āu ē-ham ê éng-kiú-khí hun-pia̍t sī kiò chò: \n\n* **Ē-ham éng-kiú chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí** (*lower permanent central incisor*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Ē-ham éng-kiú chhek-mn̂g-khí** (*lower permanent lateral incisor*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Ē-ham éng-kiú kak-khí** (*lower permanent canine*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Ē-ham tē-1 éng-kiú sió-āu-chan** (*lower first permanent premolar*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Ē-ham tē-2 éng-kiú sió-āu-chan** (*lower second permanent premolar*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Ē-ham tē-1 éng-kiú tōa-āu-chan** (*lower first permanent molar*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Ē-ham tē-2 éng-kiú tōa-āu-chan** (*lower second permanent molar*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n* **Ē-ham tē-3 éng-kiú tōa-āu-chan** (*lower third permanent molar*), tò-pêng kap chiàⁿ-pêng hun-pia̍t ū 1 khí.\n\nTē-3 éng-kiú tōa-āu-chan iū-koh kiò-chò **tì-hūi-khí** he̍k-sī **tì-khí**.\nsái-poe-khí kap kak-khí kap-chò-hóe kiò-chok **thâu-chêng-khí** (*前牙*, *anterior teeth, labial teeth*) , sió-āu-chan kap tōa-āu-chan tâng-chê kiò-chok **aū-chan** (*後牙*, *posterior teeth, buccal teeth*) he̍k **āu-piah-khí**.\n\nChhùi-khí ê hû-hō piáu-sī-hoat\n------------------------------\n\nChhùi-khí ê **hû-hō piáu-sī-hoat** (*tooth notation*) ē-tàng kán-hòa chhùi-khí ê miâ-chheng, hong-piān piáu-sī bó· 1-khí chhùi-khí. Pí-jû kóng \"chiàⁿ-pêng téng-ham chiàⁿ mn̂g-khí\" nā sú-iōng *Set Square system* lâi piáu-sī tio̍h-sī \"1\\_|\"; sú-iōng *FDI tooth notation system* tio̍h-sī \"#11\"; sú-iōng *American tooth notation system* tio̍h-sī \"#8\"; sú-iōng *European tooth notation system* tio̍h-sī \"#1+\".\n\n### Zsigmondy-Palmer, Chevron, or Set Square system\n\nChe sī Tâi-oân gê-i sú-iōng siāng phó·-phiàn ê hē-thóng, iû-kî sī chhiú-siá ê pēⁿ-le̍k.\n\nÉng-kiú-khí\n\nNi-khí\n\n### FDI hû-hō piáu-sī-hoat\n\nKok-chè Gê-i-ha̍k Liân-bêng ê hē-thóng (ISO 3950:1984) sī siāng phó·-phiàn ê piáu-sī-hoat. Sè-kài Oē-seng Cho·-chit chi-chhî chit thò. Che sī Tâi-oân tiān-náu hē-thóng – iû-kî sī Tâi-oân Tiong-iong Kiān-khong Pó-hiám-kio̍k ê tiān-náu hē-thóng – só· sú-iōng ê chhùi-khí hû-hō piau-sī-hoat hē-tóng. \n\nÉng-kiú-khí\n\nNi-khí\n\n### Bí-kok hû-hō piáu-sī-hoat\n\nChe mā hō·-chò *Universal Numbering System*.\n\nÉng-kiú-khí\n\nNi-khí\n\n### Au-chiu hû-hō piáu-sī-hoat\n\nChit thò siāng chió lâng iōng.\n\nÉng-kiú-khí\n\nNi-khí\n\nChhùi-khí ê hoat-io̍k\n---------------------\n\nFig: **Ni-khí ê hoat-gê sūn-sū**\nChhùi-khí ê hoat-io̍k ùi the-jî tī seⁿ-kiáⁿ-tē tē-6 lé-pài tio̍h khai-sí, it-ti̍t kàu 25-hōe chó-iū tē-3 tō·-āu-chan ê khí-kha oân-choân hêng-sêng chiah kiat-sok. \nNi-khí ê hoat-gê sūn-sū khah bô-tek-khak, m̄-koh it-poaⁿ sī iû-chêng-kàu-aū. Éng-kiú-khí ê hoat-gê sūn-sū ū khah tiāⁿ-tio̍h.\n\nFig: **Éng-kiú-khí ê hoat-gê sūn-sū**\n\nChhùi-khí ê hêng-thài\n---------------------\n\n**Téng-ham tōa-āu-chan ê kā-ha̍p bīn**\nLán chhùi phah--khui só· khòaⁿ tio̍h ê chhùi-khí, kî-si̍t kan-taⁿ sī chhùi-khí ê **khí-koan** (*牙冠*, *dental crown*), tī khí-hoāⁿ lāi-té iah-ū **khí-kin** (*牙根*, *dental root*), m̄-koh phó·-thong lóng kā kiò-chok \"**khí-thâu**\", ná chhan-chhiⁿ sī chhiū-á ê chhiū-thâu, m̄-sī ū 1-kù ōe án-ne kóng: \"chhiū-thâu nā khiā hō· chāi, tio̍h m̄-kiaⁿ chhiū-bóe choh hong-thai\". Liân-kiat khí-koan kap khí-kin ê pō·-ūi hō-choh **khí-ām-pō·** (*齒頸部*, *dental cervical area*).\n\nAū-chan ê khí-koan ū 5-ê piáu-bīn, hun-pia̍t sī (1) **kā-ha̍p bīn** (咬合面, *occlusal surface*), (2) **kīn-sim bīn** (近心面, *mesial surface*), (3) **oán-sim bīn** (遠心面, *distal surface*), (4) **sia̍t-chhek bīn** (舌側面, *lingual surface*), kap (5) **gia̍p-chhek bīn** (頰側面, *buccal surface*). Thâu-chêng-khí ê gê-koan kah aū-chan sio-siâng mā-ū 5-ê piáu-bīn, m̄-koh kā-ha̍p bīn kiò-chok **chhiat-toan** (切端, *incisal edge*), gia̍p-chhek bīn kiò-chok **tûn-chhek bīn** (唇側面, *labial surface*), kî-tha 3-ê bô-piàn.\n\nAū-chan ê kā-ha̍p bīn ū koân ū kē, koân--khí-lâi nā chhan-chhiūⁿ soaⁿ-lûn--ê kiò choh **kā-lûn**(咬崙, kā-thâu, 咬頭, *cusp*); lap--lo̍h-khì ná khe-kok--ê kiò chò **kā-khut** (咬窟,kā-o,咬窩, *fossa*) kap **hoat-io̍k-kau** (發育溝, *developmental groove*). Téng-ē-chô ê chhùi-khí ka-ha̍p (咬合)--khí-lâi ê sî-chūn, kā-lûn kap kā-khut siōng-tùi kā chò-hóe. Kā-khut siāng chhim ê só·-chāi kiò-chò **sió-khut-á kap li̍h-phāng** (小窟及裂縫, sió-o kap kau-lia̍t, 小窩及溝裂, *pit and fissure*). Sió-āu-chan it-poaⁿ ū 2-ê kā-lûn, gia̍p-chhek kap sia̍t-chhek kok 1-ê. Tōa-āu-chan pō·-pêng ū 4-ê he̍k 5-ê, chiâⁿ-hán-tit ū tē-6-ê; téng-ham tōa-āu-chan ū 4-ê, gia̍p-chhek kap go̍k-chhek kok 2-ê; ē-ham tōa-āu-chan ū 5-ê, gia̍p-chhek 3-ê, sia̍t-chhek 2-ê.\n\nChhùi-khí ê kái-phoà\n--------------------\n\nFig: **Chhùi-khí ê kò·-chō**\nChhùi-khí ê khí-koan siāng gōa têng sī **khí-iū-chit** (*牙釉質*, *enamel*), tē-2 têng sī **khí-pún-chit** (*牙本質*, *dentin*), siāng lāi-té sī **khí-chhóe-khiuⁿ** (*牙髓腔*, *pulp chamber*). Khí-kin siāng gōa têng sī **khí-kut-chit** (*牙骨質*, *cementum*), tē-2 têng sī khí-pún-chit, siāng lāi-té sī **kin-kńg** (根管, *root canal*). Khí-chhóe-khiuⁿ kap kin-kńg lāi-té ū **khí-chhóe** (*牙髓*, *dental pulp*), i sī **sîn-keng**, **hoeh-kńg** kap **kiat-tē-cho·-chit** só· kò·-sêng. Chhùi-khí sī thàu-kòe **khí-chiu-cho·-chit** lâi kò·-tēng tī chhùi-lāi.\n\nChhùi-khí ê chi̍t-pēⁿ, tī-liâu kap ū-hông\n-----------------------------------------\n\n**Chiù-khí**, **khí-chhóe-pēⁿ**, **khí-chiu-pēⁿ** kap **chhùi-khí sòng-sit** sī chhùi-khí siāng chia̍p khoàⁿ--tio̍h ê chi̍t-pēⁿ, **gê-i-ha̍k** sī beh gián-kiù, tī-liâu kap ū-hông **chhùi-khí** í-ki̍p chhùi-khiuⁿ kap go̍k-gân-bīn (嘴腔佮顎顏面,*oral and maxillofacial*) ê chi̍t-pēⁿ. In-chhú nā-ū chhùi-khí ê būn-tê, tio̍h-ài chhōe **gê-i-su** lâi chhú-lí. Chhùi-khí chi̍t-pēⁿ ê ū-hông siāng tiōng-iàu--ê sī kò-jîn ê **chhùi-khiuⁿ ōe-seng** ê khang-khòe, pí-jû-kóng sú-iōng **khí-bín-á** **sé-chhùi** kap sú-iōng **khí-sòaⁿ** (齒線, *dental floss*), nā chòe-liáu ū hāu-lu̍t tio̍h ē-tàng ta̍t-kàu bo̍k-piau. Koh-lâi sī tēng-kî ê chhùi-khiuⁿ kiám-cha kap **hu̍t-hòa-bu̍t** ê si-ú téng-téng ū-hông chhò·-si.\n\nKhí-lia̍t hoat-io̍k koh-iūⁿ, chhut-khí chiàng-gāi, kap hiō-thian pēⁿ-piàn\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n### Chhùi-khí kiat-kò· ê koh-iūⁿ\n\n* Khí-iū-chit hoat-io̍k-put-choân (牙釉質發育不全, *amelogenesis imperfecta*)\n* Khí-pú-chit hoat-io̍k-put-choân (牙本質發育不全, *dentinogenesis Imperfecta*)\n* Kài-hòa-kòe-tȱ (鈣化過度, *hypercalcification*)\n* Kài-hòa-put-choân (鈣化不全, *hypocalcification*)\n* Kut-chit-khì-tû (骨質去除, *deossification*) - Kut-chit ê sòng-sit\n\n### Chhùi-khí hêng-chōng ê koh-iūⁿ (*Anomalies of form*)\n\n* Khí-tiong-khí (齒中齒, *dens in dente* , lāi-hām-gê, 內陷牙, *dens invaginatus*)\n* Gōa-thut-gê (外突牙, *dens envaginatus*)\n* Chòe-seng-sèng khí-kin (贅生性齒根, *supernumerary roots*)\n* Oan-khiau-khí (彎曲齒, *dilaceration*)\n* Pèng-seng-khí (併生齒, *germination*)\n* Gê-iông-ha̍p (牙融合, *fusion of teeth*) - Sio-óa ê 2 ki chhùi-khí gê-phe hoat-io̍k kî-kan gê-pú-chit kap-chò-hóe.\n* Kiat-ha̍p-khí (結合齒, *concresence*)\n* Khí-iū-chit chu (齒釉質珠, *enamel pearl*)\n* Gû-hêng āu-chan (牛形臼齒, *taurodontism*)\n* Eng-jiáu-hêng kā-thâu (鷹爪形咬頭, *talon cusp*)\n\n### Chhùi-khí sȯ̀-bok ê koh-iūⁿ (*Abnormalities with number of teeth*)\n\n* To-khí-chèng (多齒症, *hyperdontia*)\n* Khoat-khí kî-hêng (缺齒畸形, *hypodontia*)\n\n### Chhùi-khí tōa-sió ê koh-iūⁿ (*Abnormalities with size of teeth*)\n\n* Sió-khí-chèng (小齒症, *Microdontia*)\n* Kì-khí-chèng (巨齒症, *Macrodontia*)\n\n### Chhut-khí ê chiàng-gāi\n\n* Chhut-seng-khí (出生齒, natal tooth)\n* Bâi-ho̍k-khí (埋伏齒, impacted tooth)\n* Ī-ūi (異位, transposition): 2-khí chhùi-khí ê ūi-tì sio-oaⁿ ê ì-sù.\n\n### Hiō-thian-sèng ê pēⁿ-piàn\n\n* Kā-sún (咬損, attrition)\n* Bôa-sún (磨損, abrasion)\n* Se̍k-sún (蝕損, erosion)\n* Piàn-sek (嘴齒 ê 變色, dental discoloration)\n* Khí-kut-chit cheng-seng (齒骨質增生, hypercementosis)\n\n### Kî-thaⁿ\n\n* Chhùi-khí ê liâm-liân (嘴齒 ê 粘連, dental ankylosis)","meta":{"title":"Lâng ê chhùi-khí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[4318,10264,0.4206936866718628],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":12610}} -{"text":"**Studio system** sī Eng-gí-sû, ì-sù sī **tiān-iáⁿ chè-chok kong-si ê hē-thóng**, i sī chí Bí-kok ê Hollywood ùi 1920 nî-tāi chho͘-kî kàu 1950 nî-tāi chho͘-kî, tiān-iáⁿ ê chè-chok kap siau-thâu ê chù-iàu hē-thóng kap chhiú-lō͘. Chit-ê hē-thóng si̍t-chè-siōng ê choh-hoat pau-koat:\n\n* Toā-keng ê tiān-iáⁿ chè-chok kong-si ēng tn̂g-kî ê khè-io̍k chhiàⁿ ū chhòng-ì ê jîn-oân lâi phah-phìⁿ, in phah ê tiān-iáⁿ, chú-iàu lóng tī in ka-tī ê phah-phìⁿ-tiûⁿ chìn-hêng.\n\n* Thàu-koè the̍h-tio̍h só͘-iú-koân iah kî-thaⁿ ū-sū-sái ê hong-sek lâi chiám-ak hoè-kha (tiān-iáⁿ ê hun-siau-siong) kap hì-hn̂g, ta̍t-sêng thán-khiā ê chéng-hoē (*vertical integration*). Bo̍k-tek sī beh sú-iōng chù-bûn ê ki-su̍t lâi khòng-chè kap khak-tēng tiān-iáⁿ ê siau-lō͘.\n\n1948 nî Bí-kok Choè-ko Hoat-īⁿ phoàⁿ-koat chit-lō hun-siau kap hòng-sàng ê chhiú-lō͘ ûi-hoat, chō-sêng chit-ê hē-thóng chin kín tō pang-pāi--khì. 1954 nî, siōng-boé 1 ê toā-keng chè-chok kong-si kap hì-hn̂g ê cho͘-ha̍p kiat-sok, Studio system ê sî-tāi mā kàu chia kiâⁿ ji̍p le̍k-sú. Ùi thâu-chi̍t-chhut ū-siaⁿ tiān-iáⁿ (1927) chhut-hiān, it-ti̍t kah hoat-īⁿ phoàⁿ-koat ûi-hoat, tì-sú Studio system ê cho͘-ha̍p hun-thiah (1927/29–1948/49), chit-toāⁿ sî-kan, phó-thong mā kiò-chò Hollywood ê N̂g-kim Nî-tāi (the Golden Age of Hollywood).","meta":{"title":"Studio system","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[463,1265,0.3660079051383399],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1461}} -{"text":"Ansys Chóng-pō͘\n**Ansys, Inc.** sī chi̍t keng Bí-kok ê kè-sǹg-ki hú-chō͘ kang-têng nńg-thé khai-hoat kong-si. Ansys ê chóng-pō͘ tī Bí-kok Pennsylvania ê Washington Kūn, choân-kiû ū 40-gōa ê tāi-lí-siong kap chú-kong-si. Ansys kap i-ê chú-kong-si ū 1600-gōa ūi oân-kang, tī 40-gōa ê kok-ka siau-siû i-ê sán-phín.\n\nAnsys tì-le̍k chāi kang-têng hóng-chin nńg-thé kap ki-su̍t ê gián-hoat, in chú-iàu ê sán-phín Ansys tī choân-kiû chē-chē hâng-gia̍p tiong pī kang-têng-su kap siat-kè-su kóng-hoàn chhái-iōng. Ansys tiōng-tiám khai-hoat khai-hòng, lêng-oa̍h, tùi siat-kè ti̍t-chiap chìn-hêng hóng-chin ê kái-koat hong-àn, thê-kiong ùi kài-liām siat-kè kàu chòe-āu chhek-chhì sán-phín gián-hoat kui-ê kòe-têng ê thóng-it pêng-tâi, mā tui-kiû khòai-sok, ko-hāu kap sêng-pún ì-sek ê sán-phín khai-hoat.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Ansys*** |\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nCAE nńg-thé |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Khai-hòng | \n* Advanced Simulation Library\n* Calculix\n* Code Saturne\n* Elmer\n* FeatFlow\n* FEniCS\n* FreeFem++\n* Gerris\n* MOOSE\n* Open Cascade Technology\n* OpenFOAM\n* QBlade\n* Salome\n* SU2\n\n |\n| |\n| Choan-iú | \n* Actran\n* Ansys\n* Abaqus\n* ADINA\n* Autodesk Simulation\n* Altair\n* AVL\n* CATIA\n* PTC Creo\n* COMSOL Multiphysics\n* CST Studio Suite\n* DIANA\n* FEATool Multiphysics\n* Femap\n* Fluent\n* FORAN\n* JCMsuite\n* KIVA\n* MSC ADAMS\n* Nastran\n* Sesam\n* Siemens NX\n* SolidWorks\n* StressCheck\n* RFEM\n* Working Model\n\n |\n| |\n| Cloud-based | \n* SimScale\n* CONSELF\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ansys","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[480,1285,0.3735408560311284],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1789}} -{"text":"*Skrik* (1893), Munch Bí-su̍t-koán, Oslo (hông sa--khì)\n***Âu-kiò*** (*Skrik*, 1893) sī Norge oē-ka Edvard Munch ê tô·, chiâⁿ chē lâng kám-kak sī Piáu-hiān-chú-gī-phài ê 1 ê tāi-piáu-chok, mā sī i it-seng siōng kài chhut-miâ ê chok-phín. It-poaⁿ jīn-ûi chit tiuⁿ tô· oē-chhut hiān-tāi-lâng hiông-hiông hoat-kak tio̍h chûn-chāi ê khó·-thàng, chū án-ne lâi háu. Tô· ê poē-kéng oē--ê sī ùi Ekeberg (Oslo ê kau-khu) khoàⁿ--koè-khì ê Oslo fjord.\n\nMunch lóng-chóng oē 4 ê pán-pún. Kî-tiong siōng chhut-miâ--ê sī 1 tiuⁿ iōng tempera gân-liāu oē tī choá-pang--ê (83.5 × 66 cm, khǹg tī Oslo ê Munch Bí-su̍t-koán) kap lēng-goā 1 tiuⁿ iōng iû, tempera, pastel oē--ê (91 × 73.5 cm, tī Oslo ê Kok-ka Oē-lóng), mā sī oē tòa choá-pang téng. Tē-3-tiuⁿ oan-nā tī Munch Bí-su̍t-koán. Tē-4-tiuⁿ tī su-jîn ê chhiú--lìn. I āu--lâi koh kā kái chò 1 tiuⁿ chio̍h-pang-tô·.\n\nOē ê goân-thâu\n--------------\n\nMunch ka-tī án-ne siá--ê:\n\n*Goá hām 2-ūi pêng-iú iân 1 tiâu sió-lō· kiâⁿ – ji̍t-thâu tng leh lo̍h-soaⁿ – hut-jiân-kan thiⁿ pìⁿ hoeh hiah âng – goá thêng--lo̍h-lâi, lâng kám-kak siān, tō phēng tī 1 ê lî-á – tī chheⁿ-o·-sek ê fjord kap siâⁿ ê téng-koân, ū hoeh-sek ê hoé kap hoé ê chhùi-chi̍h – goá ê pêng-iú kè-sio̍k kiâⁿ, ah goá chiau-sim khiā tiàm hia gi̍h-gi̍h-chùn – goá kám-kak-tio̍h ū bû-kài ê háu-siaⁿ chhng koè tāi-chū-jiân.*\nSó·-í ū lâng jīn-ûi tô·--ni̍h ê hit ê lâng m̄ sī teh háu, sī teh chiam-tùi \"chhng koè tāi-chū-jiân\" ê háu-siaⁿ kám-kak choa̍t-bāng.\n\nBí-su̍t-chha̍t ê bo̍k-phiau\n---------------------------\n\nTī 1994 nî 2-goe̍h 12, Kok-ka Oē-lóng hit tiuⁿ hō· lâng thau-the̍h khì, kàu-kah 5-goe̍h 7 chiah the̍h--tńg-lâi.\n\nMunch Bí-su̍t-koán hit tiuⁿ (hām i ê *Madonna*) mā tī 2004 nî 8-goe̍h 22 hō· lâng tùi piah-téng pak cháu. Tī 2006 nî 8 goe̍h 31, Norge kéng-chhat soan-pò͘ 2 tiuⁿ tô͘ ū chhoē tio̍h ah.\n\nGoā-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Oslo ê Munch Bí-su̍t-koán","meta":{"title":"Âu-kiò","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[26,1741,0.014933946008041356],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2130}} -{"text":"\n*Tī chia ê chit-ê sû **lâu-chúi** sī kóng hái-chúi ê khí-lo̍h só͘ ín-khí--ê hái-tiong chúi-lâu. Nā sī tī tē-chiūⁿ chiàu kò·-tēng ê chúi-lō· teh kiâⁿ ê chiáⁿ-chúi, chhiáⁿ chham-khó lâu-chúi ( hô, khe ).*\nGo̍eh-niû tùi tē-kiû ê tāng-le̍k éng-hióng.\n**Lâu-chúi** / **Tiâu-lâu** (Tidal Current) sī hái-chúi siū-tio̍h giú chúi-im, chúi-khó(chúi-te̍h) ê chit-kó͘ le̍k-liōng, tāng-le̍k só͘ ín-khí--ê hái-tiong chúi-lâu. Kò͘-tēng ē lâi-lâi-khì-khì, chit-khóan chêng-hêng tī hái-kha khòaⁿ-tio̍h siōng-bêng. Thâu-chêng kóng ê tāng-le̍k, tōa-hūn sī in-ūi go̍eh-niû, lēng-gōa Ji̍t-thâu mā ū sió-khóa koan-hē.\n\nChiah-ê hiān-siōng ū chúi-im, **tīⁿ-lâu** ( tō-sī **lâu-chúi tīⁿ** ) kap chúi-khó(chúi-te̍h), **khó-lâu** ( koh ū **lo̍h-lâu**, **thè-lâu** téng-téng ê kóng-hoat ).\n\nChit kó͘ chúi-lâu kan-nā tī poàⁿ-kang, chi̍t-kang tiong-kan kap chúi-im chúi-khó(chúi-te̍h) kâng chiu-kî lâi-teh piàn-hoà. Tīⁿ-lâu hoat-seng ê só·-chāi tō sī hái-iûⁿ in-ūi tāng-le̍k ê éng-hióng kôan--khí-lâi ê ūi, chit-2-ūi tú-hó ē tī tē-kiû tùi-péng ê 2-pêng, Kî-tiong ê 1-ūi tō sī chiàⁿ-chiàⁿ ǹg tùi go̍eh-niû ê só·-chāi. Nā kā tē-kiû khòaⁿ-chò 1-lia̍p kiû, khó-lâu ê só·-chāi, tō hoat-seng tī tīⁿ-lâu chit-2-ūi se̍h keng-tō· 90-tō· liáu-āu kàu ê hit-2-tah.\n\nM̄-kóan sī hái-chiūⁿ ê toh-chi̍t-ūi, ta̍k-ji̍t lóng ē ū 2-pái tīⁿ-lâu kap 2-pái khó-lâu. Chit-2-pái tīⁿ-lâu ê sî-kan chha-put-to lī 12-tiám-cheng koh 27.4-hun. Che 12-tiám-cheng sī in-ūi tē-kiû ê chū-choán, chiah ē tú-hó làng pòaⁿ-kang, nā he 27.4-hun-cheng sī in-ūi go̍eh-niû mā se̍h tē-kiû teh tín-tāng, só·-í koh ke beh pòaⁿ-tiám-cheng ê cheng-chha.\n\nChit kó͘ chúi-lâu nā gia̍p-tī nn̄g-pêng hái-hoāⁿ tiong-kan, in-ūi siū-tio̍h tē-hêng ê éng-hióng oē-sī óng-ho̍k-hêng ê chúi-lâu, chō-sêng hái-bīn bô kui-chek--ê seng-kàng. I nā tī toā-hái sī tńg-se̍h-hêng ê chúi-lâu.\n\n \n\nŪ tī-tāi ê bûn-chiuⁿ: Hái-tiòng.","meta":{"title":"Lâu-chúi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[70,1918,0.0364963503649635],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2152}} -{"text":"Kim-sin thó͘-tī-kong-biō hō͘ siān-lâm-sìn-lú mn̄g-sîn ēng--ê poe-chîⁿ. ~ Sì-kiat, Gî-lân\n**Poa̍h-poe** sī bîn-kan-sìn-gióng tiong, ēng poe-chîⁿ hiòng sîn-bêng kiû-khit, mn̄g tāi-chì ê chi̍t-chióng tōng-chok hêng-ûi.\n\nChi̍t-hù poe-chîⁿ ū nn̄g-tè. Múi-tè kok-ū chi̍t-bīn im-bīn, chi̍t-bīn iông-bīn.\nLán-lâng pēng-bô choân-lêng. Ū lio̍k-sîn-bô-chú, ū hiòng sîn-bêng khit-thó mn̍gh-kiāⁿ ê sî-chūn. Kiû-khit-chiá siang-chhiú hap-phâng poe-chîⁿ, khiân-sêng kháu-ho͘ tùi-siòng sîn-bêng miâ-hō, chheng-chhó bêng-khak kóng-chhut ka-kī--ê su-kiû, tông-sî chhéng-kiû sîn-bêng í chhut liân-soà kúi-siūⁿ-poe ûi-chún, siang-chhiú khin-khin hiat-chhut poe-chîⁿ, poe-chîⁿ tiāⁿ-tio̍h tī thô͘-kha ê chêng-hêng tō-sī sîn-bêng ê ì-sù.\n\nNn̄g-tè poe-chîⁿ sī:\n\n* Sîn-bêng tông-ì loh!\n1-im kah 1-iông: Kiò-chò \"chi̍t-siūⁿ-poe\". Sī kóng sîn-bêng tông-ì kiû-khit-chiá ê ì-sù.\n* Sîn-bêng bô-tông-ì, kái-piàn mn̄g-hoat koh-kiû ah-sī í-sī soah-soah-khì?\nchoân-im: Chhut-hiān nn̄g-tè tiāⁿ-tio̍h tī thô͘-kha ê poe-chîⁿ lóng-sī khǹg thán-chhiò--ê poe-chîⁿ, kiò-chò \"im-poe\", \"chhiò-poe\". Sī kóng sîn-bêng bô-tông-ì kiû-khit-chiá ê ì-sù.\n* Sîn-bêng bô-tông-ì, kái-piàn mn̄g-hoat koh-kiû ah-sī í-sī soah-soah-khì?\nchoân-iông: Chhut-hiān nn̄g-tè tiāⁿ-tio̍h tī thô͘-kha ê poe-chîⁿ lóng-sī khǹg thán-khap(phak) --ê poe-chîⁿ, kiò-chò \"iông-poe\", \"khap-poe\". Sī kóng sîn-bêng bô-tông-ì kiû-khit-chiá ê ì-sù.","meta":{"title":"Poa̍h-poe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[644,1392,0.46264367816091956],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1556}} -{"text":"2010 nî āu ê Tâi-lâm-chhī hêng-chèng-khu\n**Tâi-lâm-chhī ê hêng-chèng-khu** le̍k-keng kúi-nā pái kái-piàn, bo̍k-chiân ê Tâi-lâm-chhī sī 2010 nî koān-chhī ha̍p-pèng goân séng-hat Tâi-lâm koān-chhī liáu-āu, sêng-li̍p ê ti̍t-hat-chhī. Pún bûn-chiuⁿ chū 2010 liáu-āu, iā-chiū-sī hiān-chāi ê Tâi-lâm-chhī 37-khu ê hoān-ûi, kì-lio̍k chia-ê tē-khu siat-tì-kòe ê hêng-chèng-khu ê ián-piàn kòe-têng.\n\nTâi-lâm-chhī ê miâ ê iû-lâi kap chí-chheng hoān-ûi\n--------------------------------------------------\n\nTâi-lâm-chhī khok-tiong sī-ì-tô͘ \n\n■1920 nî si̍t-si chhī chè \n\n■1936 nî Ē-khun-sin pèng-ji̍p \n\n■1940 nî hó-bòe-liâu téng pèng-ji̍p \n\n■1946 nî An-sūn-hiong pèng-ji̍p\n\"Tâi-lâm-chhī\" ê miâ chèng-sek ê chhut-hiān ē-sái tāi-iok tui-sok chì Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê 1903 nî, tong-sî ê thó͘-tē tiau-cha-kio̍k í-keng kā \"Tâi-lâm-chhī\" iōng tī tē-chek téng, jiân-āu tī 1916 nî sî, khak-li̍p \"Tâi-lâm-chhī\" chò-ûi pó-lí-miâ ê tē-ūi, tān-sī chit-ê sî-kî ê Tâi-lâm-chhī kan-na tāi-piáu Chheng-kok sî-tāi ê Tâi-lâm Hú-siâⁿ só͘-chāi.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-lâm-chhī ê hêng-chèng-khu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,949,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1146}} -{"text":"\nSir **Ronald Aylmer Fisher**, FRS (1890 nî 2 goe̍h 17 ji̍t - 1962 nî 7 goe̍h 29 ji̍t) sī Eng-lân ê thóng-kè-ha̍k-ka kiam seng-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka, i sī hiān-tāi thóng-kè-ha̍k ê khai-ki-chiá chi it.\n\nChhut-sin\n---------\n\nRonald Fisher sī 1890 nî 2 goe̍h 17 chhut-sì--ê. I ū giâm-tiōng ê kīn-sī, siàu-liân-sî tha̍k Harrow Ha̍k-hāu (*Harrow School*) hit chūn, tiō hoat-tián chhut bô su-iàu chóa-pit lâi kái-koat sò͘-ha̍k būn-tê ê lêng-le̍k. 1909 nî, Fisher ji̍p Cambridge Tāi-ha̍k. Darwin ê lí-lūn tī hit chūn iáu bô siū tōa-hūn chiap-siū, chóng-sī Fisher oân-nā siū tio̍h chit-lō ha̍k-soat ê éng-hióng. Nā tông-sī tng hông têng-sin gián-kiù ê Mendel ûi-thoân-ha̍k, tùi Fisher ê éng-hióng sī koh khah chhim. Chit phài ê ha̍k-chiá chi it William Bateson tiō ùi Cambridge. M̄-nā gián-kiù ûi-thoân, Fisher mā tòe Karl Pearson o̍h thóng-kè-ha̍k.\n\nGián-kiù\n--------\n\nFisher ti 1927 nî ê thóng-kè-ha̍k tì-chok *Gián-kiù Kang-chok-chiá ê Thóng-kè Hong-hoat* (*Statistical Methods for Research Workers*) sī kho-ha̍k gián-kiù hong-hoat le̍k-sú siōng tiōng-iàu ê chok-phín, hit chūn i sòa pìⁿ chò sī thóng-kè-ha̍k ê sian-chìn.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. 1 2 Stanley A. Rice (2007). \"Fisher, R. A.\". *Encyclopedia of Evolution*. Facts On File, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8160-5515-9.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 41900609\n* LCCN: n79045333\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 0891 3400\n* GND: 11853355X\n* SELIBR: 186957\n* SUDOC: 031602843\n* BNF: cb12278567t (data)\n* BIBSYS: 90192034\n* MGP: 46924\n* NLA: 35086795\n* NDL: 00439622\n* NKC: vse2011663156\n* ICCU: CUBV066670\n* BNE: XX1208024\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ronald Fisher","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[340,1390,0.2446043165467626],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1765}} -{"text":"Mài-kuh koe-bah-tè\n**Mài-kuh koe-bah-tè** sī chi̍t-chióng si̍t-phín, sī ēng tû-khí kut-thâu ê koe ê ká-bah, chham mī-pau-hún kap hún-chiuⁿ, koh-lâi ēng chìⁿ--ê á-sī hang--ê. Tī 1950 nî-tāi hoat-bêng, Mài-kuh koe-bah-tè chiâⁿ-chòe chi̍t-chióng hui-siông siū hoan-gêng ê sok-si̍t chhan-thiaⁿ chia̍h-mi̍h, sòa--lo̍h-lâi chiū chòe-sêng léng-tòng-si̍t-phín bōe-kàu chin-chōe ka-têng.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nMài-kuh koe-bah-tè sī Cornell University ê chi̍t-ūi si̍t-phín kho-ha̍k kàu-siū Robert C. Baker tī 1950 nî-tāi só͘ hoat-bêng--ê, chiâⁿ-chòe hui-choan-lī ê ha̍k-su̍t tù-chok. Chit-chióng chi̍t-chhùi chhùn-chhioh ê ke-bah, kô͘ mī-hún, the̍h-khì chìⁿ, khí-thâu sī hō͘ Baker kap i ê tông-sū hō-miâ chòe \"Koe-bah Chhòe-piáⁿ. Bah-phín kang-gia̍p tī su-tong-sî tú-tio̍h 2 ê būn-tôe, tō-sī kā bô-phôe ê ká-bah kiat-chòe chi̍t-tè chi̍t-tè, koh seng-sán ē-tàng ēng iû chìⁿ, kap léng-tòng bōe lak--khì ê mī-kô͘. Baker ê chhòng-sin kai-koat téng-bīn ê būn-tê, hō͘ koe-bah-tè ē-tàng chiâⁿ-chòe jīm-hô hêng-chōng lâi léng-tòng, tō-sī ēng chhò͘, iâm, chhek-á-hún kap gû-lin-hún kā ká-bah kat-chòe-hóe, koh ēng nn̄g kap chhek-á-hún chòe ki-chhó͘ ê mī-hún-kô͘ hō͘ i chìⁿ kah hó-sè liu-liu.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ The National Chicken Council. Retrieved May 20, 2016\n2. ↑ (Cornell University) obituary, March 16, 2006\n3. ↑ Rude, Emelyn (2016). *Tastes like Chicken*. Pegasus Books Ltd. pp. 149–165. ISBN 978-1-68177-163-2.","meta":{"title":"Mài-kuh koe-bah-tè","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[180,1377,0.13071895424836602],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1614}} -{"text":"\n**Bu̍t-gú**, sī thoân-thóng Ji̍t-pún bûn-ha̍k--ê chi̍t khoán lūi-hêng, goán-pún chí \"khai-káng\", āu ín-sin (引伸) choè kò͘-sū, toān-kì (傳記), thoân-kî téng, sī 1 khoán pàng-toā--ê, ū sàn-bûn te̍k-chit, lâi kóng kò͘-sū--ê bûn-ha̍k lūi-hêng, thang kah sú-sī (史詩) pí.\n\nBu̍t-gú kah Ji̍t-pún kóng-oē thoân-thóng koan-he chin ba̍t, jî-chhiáⁿ toā-poàⁿ koan-liân sió-soat sèng--ê kò͘-sū, tiō sǹg têng kóng le̍k-sú sū-kiāⁿ mā kâng-khoán. Choē-choē keng-tián Ji̍t-pún sió-soat chok-phín ēng \"Bu̍t-gú\" ê hêng siá, pí-lūn *Goân-sī bu̍t-gú* (Genzi Monogatari) téng. \"Bu̍t-gú\" kiông-kiông thang pau-hâm it-chhè bûn-ha̍k thé-lē.\n\nCHit khoán bûn-ha̍k thé-chhâi (體裁) sî-kiâⁿ tī kong-goân 9 kàu 15 sè-kí, 10 kàu 11 sè-kí sī siōng-heng--ê sî-chūn. Kìn-kù *Hong-ia̍p Hô-koa-chi̍p* (風葉和歌集, Hûyô Wakasyû, 1 pún kong-goân 13 sè-kí--ê jJi̍t-pún si-koa chi̍p) só͘ kì, tī 13 sè-kí, siōng-chió ū 198 pún bu̍t-gú lūi-hêng--ê chheh liû-thoân, kî-tiong iok-lio̍k ū 40 pún chok-phín thoân kàu chit-má.\n\nAu-chiu kap kî-thaⁿ goā-kok bûn-ha̍k chok-phín āu-kî hō͘ Ji̍t-pún-lâng chai--ê sî, \"bu̍t-gú\" hit sû khai-sí iōng-lâi hō sio siâng lūi-hêng--ê goā-kok chok-phín, pí-lūn *Siang-siâⁿ-kì* (雙城記) kiò-choè \"Jī To͘ Bu̍t-gú\" (二都物语), *1001 Mî* sī \"Chhian-it Iā Bu̍t-gú\" (千一夜物语), choè-kūn--ê *Mô͘-kài* (魔戒) hoan-choè \"Chiáⁿ-lián Bu̍t-gú\" (指輪物語) téng-téng.\n\nSiong-koan Bûn-chiuⁿ\n--------------------\n\n* Kò͘-sū\n* Goân-sī Bu̍t-gú (Genzi Monogatari)\n* Bu̍t-gú Hē-lia̍t\n* Tek-chú Bu̍t-gú (竹取物語, Taketori Monogatari)\n* Êng-hua Bu̍t-gú (栄花物語, Êga Monogatari)\n* Ú-goa̍t Bu̍t-gú (雨月物語, Ugetu Monogatari)","meta":{"title":"Bu̍t-gú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[267,1625,0.16430769230769232],"infobox":["
    Ji̍t-bûn siá-hoat
    Ji̍t-bûn\n物語
    Kana\nものがたり
    Hepburn-sek Lô-má-jī\nmonogatari
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1807}} -{"text":"**Hūi-oaⁿ-koān** (惠安縣) sī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Choân-chiu-chhī kóan-khu lāi ê chi̍t-ê kōan.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nHūi-oaⁿ tòa leh Hok-kiàn-séng tang-lâm iân-hái, tang-pêng óa Tâi-ôan-hái-kiap, lâm-pêng liâm Chìn-kang-chhī, sai-pō͘ chiap Chôan-chiu chhī-kau, pak-pō͘ kap Sian-iû-kōan. Hūi-oaⁿ ê khì-hāu sio̍k-î lâm-a-jia̍t-tài hái-iû-hêng kùi-hong khì-hāu. Chôan-kōan lâm-pak siāng tn̂g beh-óa 47 km, tang-sai siāng khoah tit-beh 42 km.\n\nHêng-chèng khu ōe-hun\n---------------------\n\nLê-siâⁿ-tìn (螺城鎮), Chiông-bú-tìn (崇武鎮), Tang-niá-tìn (東嶺鎮) Tang-hn̂g-tìn (東園鎮) N̂g-tn̂g-tìn (黃塘鎮) Chēng-hong-tìn (淨峰鎮) Lê-iûⁿ-tìn (螺陽鎮) Lo̍h-iûⁿ-tìn (洛陽鎮) San-hâ-tìn (山霞鎮) Thô͘-chē-tìn (涂寨鎮) Bóng-chhoan-tìn (輞川鎮) Tiuⁿ-pòaⁿ-tìn (張坂鎮) Pek-kiā Hôe-chio̍k-hiuⁿ (百崎回族鄉)\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nHūi-oaⁿ kiàn-kōan tī Pak-sòng Heng-kok 6 nî (kong-gôan 981 nî), kàu-taⁿ 1000 gōa nî ê le̍k-sú.\n\nHôa-kiâu kah Tâi-pau\n--------------------\n\nHūi-oaⁿ sī Hok-kiàn chú-iàu ê kiâu-hiong, mā-sī Tâi-ôan-lâng chú-iàu ê chó·-ke chit-chi̍t. Hôa-kiâu kah Káng-Ò hiong-chhin ê lâng-sò͘ liōng-kî-iok 80 bān. Thiaⁿ-í-kóng Tâi-ôan Hō-ló cho̍k-kûn tang-tiong, ū 96 bān lâng chó·-ke tī Hūi-oaⁿ.\n\nPhoh-si̍t ê hiuⁿ-lí\n-------------------\n\nChêng kó͘-chá kàu-taⁿ, Hūi-oaⁿ-lâng to̍h thàu-té thong-kòe hái-lō͘ lâi kah gōa-hiuⁿ lâng, gōa-kok lâng chòe-seng-lí. Bêng, Chheng chit 2-ê tiâu-tāi, Hūi-oaⁿ chit-tah ê iâm-tiâⁿ siāng-kài chōe, it-ti̍t kàu-kah chit-mái, Hūi-oaⁿ chhut-sán ê iâm iu-gôan sī chiàm-kàu Hok-kiàn chôan-séng ê 1/4. Che í-gōa, Hūi-oaⁿ ôan-á chhut-sán hái-lê, in-ūi hái-lê ê sán-liōng kôan, phín-chit koh hó, nî-kú-go̍eh-chhim, lâng chôan kā Hūi-oaⁿ iū-koh hō chi̍t-ê miâ, kiò-chòe \"Lê-siâⁿ\", āu--lâi, \"Lê-siâⁿ\" mā chôan-á pìⁿ-chòe Hūi-oaⁿ-kōan ê kōan-siâⁿ.\n\nChhī hái-lê, pha̍k-iâm lia̍h-gōa, tī Hūi-oaⁿ iá-koh ū 2-chióng kó͘-ló ê hâng-gia̍p thèng-hó the̍h chhut-lâi kóng, he to̍h-sī phah-chio̍h-á kah chòe-thô͘-chúi. Hūi-oaⁿ ê chio̍h-châi, só͘-liōng chin-chiàn chōe, sī tú-miâ ê hoa-kong-giâm sán-tōe. Hiān-chú-sî, chôan-kōan lóng-chóng ū chiâⁿ-cha̍p-bān ê phah-chio̍h-sai kah thô͘-chúi-sai. Hūi-oaⁿ tiàm Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k, it-kòan hō͘ lâng o-ló chòe \"chio̍k-tiau kah kiàn-tiok chi-hiong\".\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Hūi-oaⁿ cha-bó͘\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Hūi-oaⁿ-lú Lú-iû-bāng\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hok-kiàn-séng ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hù-séng-kip | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Ē-mn̂g-chhī | Hái-chhng-khu  **·** Ô͘-lí-khu  **·** Chi̍p-bí-khu  **·** Su-bêng-khu  **·** Tâng-oaⁿ-khu  **·** Siông-an-khu |\n\n | |\n| |\n| Tē-kip | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Hok-chiu-chhī | Kó͘-lâu-khu  **·** Chìn-an-khu  **·** Tâi-kang-khu  **·** Chhng-soaⁿ-khu  **·** Má-boé-khu  **·** Tiông-lo̍k-khu  **·** Bân-chheng-koān  **·** Bân-hâu-koān  **·** Éng-thài-koān  **·** Hok-chheng-chhī  **·** Liân-kang-koān  **·** Lô-goân-koān  **·** Pêng-thâm-koān |\n| |\n| Chiang-chiu-chhī | Hiong-siâⁿ-khu **·** Liông-bûn-khu  **·** Liông-hái-chhī  **·** Chiuⁿ-phó͘-koān  **·** Ûn-sio-koān  **·** Chiàu-an-koān  **·** Tang-soaⁿ-koān  **·** Pêng-hô-koān  **·** Lâm-chēng-koān  **·** Tiô-thoà-koān  **·** Hoâ-an-koān |\n| |\n| Choân-chiu-chhī | Lí-siâⁿ-khu  **·** Hong-te̍k-khu  **·** Lo̍k-kang-khu  **·** Choân-káng-khu  **·** Chìn-kang-chhī  **·** Chio̍h-sai-chhī  **·** Lâm-oaⁿ-chhī  **·** Hūi-oaⁿ-koān  **·** An-khoe-koān  **·** Éng-chhun-koān  **·** Tek-hoè-koān  **·** *Kim-mn̂g-koān (bô si̍t-chè thóng-tī)* |\n| |\n| Lâm-pêng-chhī | Iân-pêng-khu  **·** Kiàn-iông-khu  **·** Bú-î-soaⁿ-chhī  **·** Kiàn-au-chhī  **·** Siō-bú-chhī  **·** Chèng-hô-koān  **·** Kong-te̍k-koān  **·** Phó͘-siâⁿ-koān  **·** Siông-khe-koān  **·** Sūn-chhiong-koān |\n| |\n| Lêng-nâ-chhī | Sin-lô-khu  **·** Éng-tēng-khu  **·** Chiuⁿ-phîng-chhī  **·** Bú-pêng-koān  **·** Liân-siâⁿ-koān  **·** Siōng-hâng-koān  **·** Tiông-teng-koān |\n| |\n| Lêng-tek-chhī | Chio-siâⁿ-khu  **·** Hok-an-chhī  **·** Hok-téng-chhī  **·** Chià-êng-koān  **·** Chiu-lêng-koān  **·** Hâ-phó͘-koān  **·** Kó͘-chhân-koān  **·** Pêng-lâm-koān  **·** Siū-lêng-koān |\n| |\n| Phô͘-chhân-chhī | Siâⁿ-siuⁿ-khu  **·** Âm-kang-khu  **·** Nāi-siâⁿ-khu  **·** Siù-sū-khu  **·** Sian-iû-koān |\n| |\n| Sam-bêng-chhī | Mûi-lia̍t-khu  **·** Sam-goân-khu  **·** Éng-an-chhī  **·** Bêng-khe-koān  **·** Chheng-liû-koān  **·** Chiong-lo̍k-koān  **·** Iû-khe-koān  **·** Kiàn-lêng-koān  **·** Lêng-hoà-koān  **·** Soa-koān  **·** Tāi-chhân-koān  **·** Thài-lêng-koān |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Hūi-oaⁿ-koān","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1757,3911,0.4492457172078752],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5378}} -{"text":"Hūi-oaⁿ chá-bó͘ ê tiau-siōng\nTī Hūi-oaⁿ, koh-khah ta̍t-tit kóng-khí--ê, siōng-kài hō· lâng o-ló--ê sī Hūi-oaⁿ cha-bó· (惠安女, kha-chiah-āu, mā ū lâng kiò in \"Hūi-oaⁿ-pô-á\" ). Hūi-oaⁿ chá-bó· siⁿ-sêng phoh-si̍t, kut-la̍t, khîn-khiām, khîⁿ-ke, hàu-sūn, hiân-hōe koh ū-tō·-liōng, siōng tiōng-iàu--ê, in lóng chin gâu chòe khang-khòe, chhù-lāi chhù-gōa, m̄-kóan chho·-tāng a̍h khin-khó, chóng-sī chòe kah chiâⁿ tiám-tîn, chiâⁿ sù-sī. \n\nHūi-oaⁿ cha-bó· ê chhēng-chhah iu-kî te̍k-pia̍t, chin-chiàⁿ lâng kóng \"sèng-keh koh kó·-chui\". Thôan-thóng chhēng-chhah ê hong-keh sī : saⁿ-á té, chhiú-ńg chi̍t-pòaⁿ tn̂g, tō·-châi hiàn-hiàn pun-lâng-khòaⁿ; khò· kài tn̂g, khò·-kha put-sî teh thoa-thô·; thâu-khak ài iōng pè-á (pau-thâu-kin) pau hō· bā-bā, kan-na ē-tit hō· lâng khòaⁿ-tio̍h bīn-chiáⁿ (面-), kiàn-nā choh-sit ê sî thàu-tóe ài tì koe-le̍h. Chit-chióng kài to̍k-te̍k ê táⁿ-pān, ē-sái iōng chi̍t-kù Bân-lâm thong-lâng-chai ê sio̍k-gí lâi kā chò chóng-kiat, hō·-chòe \"hong-kiàn thâu, bîn-chú tō·, chiat-khiām saⁿ, phah-sńg khò·\". \n\nHūi-oaⁿ cha-bó· kut-la̍t choh-sit ê sèng-sò· kah in pún-sin lē-táu iū-koh pâi-chí ê chhēng-chhah, taⁿ í-keng hoat-tián chiâⁿ-chòe chi̍t-chióng tē-hng bûn-hòa.\n\n| | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nHàn-jîn bîn-cho̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hok-kiàn-lâng | \n* Bân-pak-lâng\n* Hái-lâm-lâng\n* Hái-lio̍k-hong-lâng\n* Heng-hòa-lâng\n* Ho̍h-ló-lâng\n\t+ Tâi-oân Ho̍h-ló-lâng\n* Hok-chiu-lâng\n* Hūi-oaⁿ cha-bó͘\n* Lêng-nâ-lâng\n* Lûi-chiu-lâng\n* Tiô-chiu-lâng\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | \n* A-soaⁿ-á\n* Kńg-tang-lâng\n* Chhoan-chheng-lâng\n* Ko-san Hàn-lâng\n* Kang-sai-lâng\n* Kheh-ka-lâng\n\t+ Ho̍h-ló-kheh\n\t+ Ngái Lâng\n* Ô͘-pak-lâng\n* Ô͘-lâm-lâng\n* Kang-hoâi-lâng\n* Soaⁿ-tang-lâng\n* Sù-chhoan-lâng\n* Chûn-bîn\n\t+ Liân-ka chûn-bîn\n* Tûn-pó-lâng\n* Oá-hiong-lâng\n* Gô͘-oa̍t-lâng\n\t+ Siōng-hái-lâng\n\t+ Lêng-pho-lâng\n\t+ Un-chiu-lâng\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Hūi-oaⁿ cha-bó͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[497,1716,0.2896270396270396],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2123}} -{"text":"\nBí-kok Tông-téng ha̍k-le̍k ê lâm-lú sin-chu chha-īⁿ（2006 nî）\n**Po-lê Thian-pông**（Eng-gí: glass ceiling）sī chí tī kong-si、khì-gia̍p kap ki-koan、thoân-thé tiong tùi bó͘ chi̍t-kóa kûn-thé（jû lú-sèng、siáu-sò͘ bîn-cho̍k）chìn-seng kàu ko-kip chit-ūi iah-sī koat-chhek chân-kip ê chhiám-chāi hān-chè iah-sī chiòng-gāi. I chí jû-tông po-lê kâng-khoán, chit-ê chiòng-gāi sui-bóng bōe bêng-bûn kui-tēng, m̄-koh khiok-sī si̍t-si̍t-chāi-chāi ê chûn-chāi.\n\nLēng-gōa，iā-ū **Po-lê Tē-pán**（glass floor）it-sû, sī-chí bó͘ chi̍t-kóa kûn-thé tī tē-ūi thê-seng kòe-têng-tiong ê chiòng-gāi. Pí-jū in-ūi tùi lú-sèng ê khek-pán ìn-siōng, tī kiám-chió insiong-tùi lâm-sèng seng-jīm kong-si chóng-chhâi kap ko-kai chú-koán ki-hōe ê kâng-sî, iā kiám-chió in sit-gia̍p、kòe-tō͘ lô-tōng、hām-ji̍p tē-ūi kē-hā ê khòng-kang、kaⁿ-siû téng chhú-kéng ê ki-lu̍t. Chi̍t-kóa lú-khoân-chú-gī chiá jīm-ûi, lâm-sèng khiàm-khoeh po-lê tē-pán sī thui-tōng lú-khoân-chú-gī kap sóa-cháu po-lê thian-pông ê chiòng-gāi, to-sò͘ lâm-sèng bô-hoat-tō͘ ta̍t-kàu po-lê thian-pông ê koân-tō͘, m̄-koh bêng-khak kám-siū-tio̍h khiàm-khoeh po-lê tē-pán pó-hō͘, só͘-í ē kā lú-khoân-chú-gī tòng-chò kì-tit-lī-ek koh ké-siáu.\n\n### Chham-khó chí-phiau：\n\n* Lâm-lú ê ko-téng-kàu-io̍k siū-kàu pi-lē\n* Lú-sèng lô-tōng-le̍k tâu-ji̍p chit-tiûⁿ thêng-tō͘\n* Lâm-lú ê sin-chu chha-īⁿ pi-lē\n* It-poaⁿ chhiâⁿ-ióng gín-á ê sêng-pún\n* Seng-io̍k hok-lī：niá choân-sin ê bó-chhin chiàu-kò͘ iⁿ-á ê ka-kî\n* Seng-io̍k hok-lī：niá choân-sin ê hū-chhin pôe-sán ê ka-kî\n* Lú-sèng sin-chhéng siong-gia̍p koán-lí ha̍k-ūi ê pi-lē\n* Lú-sèng seng-koaⁿ kàu chu-chhim keng-lí ê pi-lē\n* Lú-sèng chìn-ji̍p táng-sū-hōe ê pi-lē\n* Lú-sèng chiâⁿ-chò kok-hōe gī-oân ê pi-lē\n\nKî-tiong, Keng-chè-ha̍k-jîn sò͘-kù chí-chhut, siōng sek-ha̍p lú-sèng kang-chok ê kok-ka chêng saⁿ miâ sī：Nô-ui、Sūi-sū、Hun-lân.。","meta":{"title":"Po-lê Thian-pông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[485,1858,0.26103336921420883],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2110}} -{"text":"\nGo̍eh-niû tùi tē-kiû ê tāng-le̍k éng-hióng.\n**Tiâu-lâu** (Tidal Current) sī hái-chúi siū-tio̍h giú chúi-im, chúi-khó(chúi-te̍h) ê chit-kó͘ le̍k-liōng(ín-la̍t ), só͘ ín-khí--ê hái-tiong chúi-lâu. Thâu-chêng só͘-kóng-ê le̍k-liōng tōa-pō͘-hūn sī in-ūi go̍eh-niû, lēng-gōa Ji̍t-thâu mā ū sió-khóa koan-hē.\n\nChit chióng chúi-lâu kan-nā tī poàⁿ-kang, chi̍t-kang tiong-kan kap chúi-im chúi-khó(chúi-te̍h) kâng chiu-kî lâi-teh piàn-hoà. Chúi-im hoat-seng ê só·-chāi tō sī hái-iûⁿ in-ūi ín-la̍t ê éng-hióng kôan--khí-lâi ê ūi, chit-2-ūi tú-hó ē tī tē-kiû tùi-péng ê 2-pêng, Kî-tiong ê 1-ūi tō sī chiàⁿ-chiàⁿ ǹg tùi go̍eh-niû ê só·-chāi. Nā kā tē-kiû khòaⁿ-chò 1-lia̍p kiû, Chúi-khó(chúi-te̍h) ê só·-chāi, tō hoat-seng tī tīⁿ-lâu(chúi-im im kàu-chāi, hái-bīn tī kài-koân ê só͘-chāi, hoan-sin tō-beh khai-sí khó(te̍h), hit-tang-chūn ê hái-phiâⁿ kah hái-káng ê hái-bīn ê chêng-hêng kiò-chò tīⁿ-lâu) chit-2-ūi se̍h keng-tō͘ 90-tō· liáu-āu kàu ê hit-2-tah.\n\nM̄-kóan sī hái-chiūⁿ ê toh-chi̍t-ūi, ta̍k-ji̍t lóng ē ū 2-pái chúi-im kap 2-pái Chúi-khó(chúi-te̍h). Chit-2-pái tīⁿ-lâu ê sî-kan chha-put-to lī 12-tiám-cheng koh 27.4-hun. Che 12-tiám-cheng sī in-ūi tē-kiû ê chū-choán, chiah ē tú-hó làng pòaⁿ-kang, nā he 27.4-hun-cheng sī in-ūi go̍eh-niû mā se̍h tē-kiû teh tín-tāng, só·-í koh ke beh pòaⁿ-tiám-cheng ê cheng-chha.\n\nChit chióng chúi-lâu nā gia̍p-tī nn̄g-pêng hái-hoāⁿ tiong-kan, in-ūi siū-tio̍h tē-hêng ê éng-hióng oē-sī óng-ho̍k-hêng ê chúi-lâu, chō-sêng hái-bīn bô kui-chek--ê seng-kàng. I nā tī toā-hái sī tńg-se̍h-hêng ê chúi-lâu.","meta":{"title":"Tiâu-lâu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[71,1651,0.04300423985463356],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1797}} -{"text":"\n\nLí Hián-liông \n李显龙| Lí Hián-liông |\n| Sin-ka-pho chóng-lí |\n| Jīm sò͘ | Tē 3 jīm |\n| Chiū-jīm | 2004 nî 8 goe̍h 12 ji̍t |\n| Sià-jīm | iáu chāi-jīm |\n| Chêng-jīm | Gô͘ Chok-tòng |\n| Ki-pún chu-liāu |\n| Chhut-sì | 1952 nî 2 goe̍h 10 ji̍t |\n| Chhut-sì-tē | Sin-ka-pho |\n| Chèng-tóng | Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng |\n\n**Lí Hián-liông** (李显龙/李顯龍, Hoâ-gí pheng-im: Lǐ Xiǎnlóng; Eng-gí: Lee Hsien Loong, 1952 nî 2 goe̍h 10 ji̍t chhut-sì ), sī hiān-jīm Sin-ka-pho chèng-hú chóng-lí. I mā-sī Sin-ka-pho Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng pì-su-tiúⁿ. \n\nKun-kù Sin-ka-pho chip-chèng ê Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng Tiong-iong Chip-hêng Úi-ôan-hōe tī 2004 nî 5 ge̍h 29 khui-hōe thong-kòe ê 1-hāng koat-gī, Lí Hián-liông hông thui-sóan chòe Gô͘ Chok-tòng ê chiap-pan-lâng, chhut-jīm ē-kài ê chóng-lí. Kong-gôan 2004 nî 8 ge̍h 12, Gô͘ Chok-tòng jīm-moá lo̍h-tâi, Lí Hián-liông chèng-sek chhiūⁿ-jīm, chiâⁿ-chòe Sin-ka-pho tē-3-jīm chóng-lí. \n\nLí Hián-liông sī Sin-ka-pho \"kok-hū\" Lí Kong-iāu ê tōa-hàn hāu-siⁿ. Lí Kong-iāu sī Sin-ka-pho tē-1-jīm chóng-lí, hiān-chú-sî ê chit-bū sī lōe-koh chu-chèng.\n\nLí Hián-liông ê koè-khì\n-----------------------\n\nLí Hián-liông tī tng-tē Hôa-bûn sió-ha̍k kah kong-kàu tiong-ha̍k pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, chìn-ji̍p kok-ka chho͘-kip ha̍k-īⁿ. Āu--lâi, i kong-êng tit-tio̍h chóng-thóng chióng-ha̍k-kim kah Sin-ka-pho Bú-chong Pō͘-tūi chióng-ha̍k-kim, khì-kàu Eng-kok Cambridge Tāi-ha̍k liû-ha̍k chhim-chō, 1974 nî tī chia pit-gia̍p pēng-chhiáⁿ tit-tio̍h Sò͘-ha̍k It-téng Êng-ū Ha̍k-ūi kah Tiān-náu kho-ha̍k Bûn-phêng (iu-téng). 1971 nî, ka-jip Sin-ka-pho Bú-chong Pō͘-tūi. 1978 nî tī Bí-kok Kansas-chiu chìn-siu Lio̍k-kun chí-hui kah chham-bô͘ ê khò-thêng. 1979 nî tit-tioh Harvard Tāi-ha̍k Kennedy Hêng-chèng Kóan-lí Ha̍k-īⁿ kong-kiōng hêng-chèng-ha̍k ê sek-sū ha̍k-ūi. Hôe kok āu tam-jīm Sin-ka-pho Bú-chong Pō͘-tūi chham-bô͘-tiúⁿ kiam Liân-ha̍p Hêng-tōng kah Chhek-ōe su-tiúⁿ. 1984 nî 6 go̍eh thê-seng ûi chún-chiòng (准将), kāng nî 9 goeh, sî--tiāu kun-chit, tam-jīm kok-hông pō͘-tiúⁿ chèng-tī pì-su. 1984 nî 12 go̍eh tòng-sóan kok-hōe gī-ôan, pēng-chhiáⁿ koh tī-leh 1988 nî, 1991 nî, 1997 nî kah 2001 nî 4-kài ê tāi-sóan tang-tiong tòng-sóan. \n\n1984 nî 12 go̍eh kàu1986 nî 2 go̍eh, Lí Hiàn-liông chhut-jīm Kok-hông-pō͘ chèng-bū pō͘-tiúⁿ kiam Bō͘-e̍k Lang-gia̍p-pō͘ chèng-bū pō͘-tiúⁿ. 1986 nî 2 go̍eh kàu 12 go̍eh, chhut-jīm Bō͘-e̍k Kang-gia̍p-pō͘ tāi-lí pō͘-tiúⁿ, liáu-āu chèng-sek chóan-chò chiàⁿ-pō͘-tiúⁿ. 1988 nî 9 go̍eh, koh 1-pái chhut-jīm tē-jī Kok-hong-pō͘ pō͘-tiúⁿ. 1990 nî 11 goeh 27 hō khai-sí chhut-jīm hù-chóng-lí kiam Bō͘-e̍k Kang-gia̍p pō͘-tiúⁿ. Àn 1994 ni 7 go̍eh kàu 1995 nî 7 go̍eh, koh hū-chek kàm-tok Kok-hông-pō͘. 1997 nî 1 go̍eh 25 hō iū-koh liân-jīm hù-chóng-lí, keh-nî 1 go̍eh kiam chò Sin-ka-pho Kim-iông Kóan-lí-kio̍k chú-se̍k. 2001 nî 11 go̍eh 23 hō khai-sí, kiam-jīm Châi-chèng-pō͘ pō͘-tiúⁿ. \n\nLí Hián-liông bat kiat-hun kòe 2-pái, ū 1-ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ kah 3-ê hāu-siⁿ. Thâu-1-pái kiat-hun tī 1978 nî, thài-thài miâ hō-chòe N̂g Bêng-iông (黄名扬), sī 1-ê sian-siⁿ-lâng, tī pēⁿ-īⁿ chia̍h-thâu-lō͘. N̂g Bêng-iông tī 1982 nî kòe-sin, hit-sî kan-na 31 hōe--niâ. 1985 nî Lí Hián-liông kah hiān-chāi ê hu-jîn Hô Cheng (何晶/Ho Ching) kiat-chiâⁿ liân-lí.\n\nHô Cheng bo̍k-chiân sī Sin-ka-pho Châi-chèng-pō͘ choan-kôan khòng-kó͘ ê chèng-hú tâu-chu kong-si Tám-má-sek (淡马锡) khòng-kó͘ tàng-sū. Lí Hián-liông ê sió-tī Lí Hián-iông sī Sin-ka-pho siāng-tōa ê kok-iú khì-gia̍p Sin-ka-pho Tiān-sìn ê chóng-chhâi. \n\nIn-ūi Lí--sì ka-cho̍k chiáng-ak tio̍h Sin-ka-pho ko-chân ê chin-chōe tiōng-iàu chit-ūi, só͘-í chit chióng \"1-ke-kháu-á ê seng-lí\" mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ siū-tio̍h lâng ê phoe-phêng, put-jī-kò 1-kóa-á kong-khai gī-lūn ê lâng, lō͘-bóe óng-óng cho-siū khòng-kò.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Sin-ka-pho chèng-hú lōe-koh koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām\n* Sin-ka-pho *Liân-ha̍p Chá-pò*\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nSin-ka-pho chóng-lí |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n1. Lí Kong-iāu (1959–1990)\n2. Gô͘ Chok-tòng (1990–2004)\n3. Lí Hián-liông (2004– )\n\n | Sin-ka-pho Kok-hui |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Lí Hián-liông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[421,3756,0.11208732694355697],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4526}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Sam-chhiⁿ-siang-bóe-iàn-tia̍p |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Arthropoda |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Insecta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Lepidoptera |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chhiau-kho: | Papilionoidea |\n| Kho: | Lycaenidae |\n| A-kho: | Theclinae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Spindasis* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***S. syama*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Spindasis syama***? |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Sam-chhiⁿ-siang-bóe-iàn-tia̍p** (Hàn-jī: 三星雙尾燕蝶; ha̍k-miâ: *Spindasis syama*) sī chi̍t-chióng bóe-ia̍h-á, si̍t-kó· thíⁿ-khui ū 27 kàu 32 mm. Gōa-koan kah tâi-oân-siang-bóe-iàn-tia̍p beh-kâng-beh-kâng, siāng-tōa ê koh-iūⁿ sī ē-kha-si̍t-kó· pak-tó·-bīn beh-óa seng-khu ê hit-tah ū 3 lia̍p tōa-sè chha-put-to ê thó-îⁿ-hêng o·-pan, ah tâi-oân-siang-bóe-iàn-tia̍p sui-bóng hit-tah mā-ū 3 lia̍p o·-pan, m̄-koh ē-kha hit-lia̍p te̍k-pia̍t tn̂g. \n\nSêng-thâng ji̍t--sî chhut-lâi o̍ah-tōng kap chhōe-chia̍h; chháu-si̍t-sèng; tòa-tī chháu-á kap chhiū-á ê khoân-kéng, ài pài-hóng hoe kap suh hoe-bi̍t. Tī Tâi-oân i chhut-hiān tī chhun-thiⁿ kap hā-thiⁿ chit nn̄g ê kùi-chiat, seng-o̍ah tī kē-hái-po̍at kap tiong-hái-po̍at ê soaⁿ-khu.","meta":{"title":"Sam-chhiⁿ-siang-bóe-iàn-tia̍p","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[223,955,0.23350785340314137],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1285}} -{"text":"**Lí Chúi-chéⁿ** (李水井; 1920 nî  – 1950 nî 11 goe̍h 29 ji̍t) sī chi̍t ūi Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng ê tóng-oân, Tâi-oân Tâi-lâm-chiu Tang-chio̍h-kūn Phò-chú-ke chhut-sin. Ji̍t-pún Yamaguchi Choan-kho Ha̍k-hāu pit-gia̍p. Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ liáu-āu, su-sióng khai-sí óa chó-phài, lo̍h-bóe ka-ji̍p Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng, tī Tâi-oân ê hoat-tián cho͘-chit lāi sī ha̍k-kang-úi (學工委) ê tiōng-iàu kak-sek, pī lia̍h chìn-chêng í-keng chì-chió léng-tō 150 ê cho͘-chit, tī séng-kang-úi (省工委) ê tē-ūi kīn-chhù î Chhòa Hàu-khiân. 1950 nî Chhòa Hàu-khiân piàn-chiat liáu-āu, Tiong-kiōng tī Tâi-oân ê cho͘-chit óa-kái, Lí Chúi-chéⁿ pī lia̍h, tōa-liōng cho͘-chit sêng-oân iā pī tāi-pó͘. 1950 nî 11 goe̍h 29 hō pī chhèng-sat chāi Tâi-pak ê Bé-tiûⁿ-teng.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ 顏世鴻 (2012). *《青島東路三號：我的百年之憶及台灣的荒謬年代》*. 啟動文化.\n2. ↑ 陳正茂 (2009-03-01). *《臺灣早期政黨史略（一九○○─ 一九六○）》*. 威秀出版.","meta":{"title":"Lí Chúi-chéⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[146,913,0.15991237677984665],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1061}} -{"text":"\n\nJohn William Waterhouse, 1891\n***Odusseia*** (Hi-lia̍p-gí: Ὀδύσσεια) sī kó͘-chá Hi-lia̍p 2-siú chú-iàu ê sū-sū-si lāi-té ê 1-siú (lēng-goá hit-siú sī Ilias), it-poaⁿ lóng kā chok-chiá tòng-chò sī Homeros. Chit-siú si ê nî-tāi iok-kî-lio̍k sī tī se-goân-chêng 800 kàu 600-nî tiong-kan, loē-iông ū chi̍t-pō͘-hūn sī Ilias ê āu-chhut, siú-iàu sī kóng Hi-lia̍p ê eng-hiông Odysseus, tī kā Troia kong-phoà-siâⁿ liáu-āu ê phiau-lōng, i kiat-sok kú-tn̂g ê phiau-lōng chìn-chêng só͘ tú-tio̍h ê tāi-chì, kap i siōng-boé--ah chóng-sǹg tńg-khì i goân-té ê ko͘-hiong Ithaki.\n\n10-tang ê chiàn-cheng siu-soah liáu-āu, Hi-lia̍p kun-tūi in-ūi tit-sit hái-sîn Poseidon, kiat-kó chûn-phoà chiâu sí, kan-taⁿ Odysseus khò kè-tì thô-seng, m̄-koh soah khai 10-tang chiah tńg-khì kàu Ithaki, in-ūi chha-put-to ta̍k-ê lóng liōng-kóng i í-keng koè-seng--ah, i bô tī-leh ê hit 20-tang, in kiáⁿ Telemachus kap in bó͘ Penelope tio̍h liú-la̍k kiông poaⁿ ji̍p in chhù ê chi̍t-tīn chin áu-bân ê tui-kiû-chiá, chit-tīn lâng hō͘-siong kau-piàⁿ, beh Penelope kè--in.\n\nOdusseia sī Se-kok keng-tián--ni̍h chiâⁿ ki-pún ê 1-phō, kah hiān-chhú-sî, tī sè-kài ta̍k-só͘-chāi, lóng iáu ū lâng teh tha̍k, m̄-koán sī tha̍k Homeros sî-tāi ê Hip-lia̍p goân-bûn, he̍k-chiá-sī hoan-e̍k-pún, taⁿ chit-siú si í-keng chia̍p hō͘ lâng ìn-pán--ah, m̄-koh tong-goân-chhe i sī khó͘-thoân--ê, hō͘ keng-koè hùn-liān ê phû-lōng si-jîn chhiùⁿ--ê, chhiùⁿ ê gí-giân sī 1-chióng thàu-lām ê kó͘-chá Hi-lia̍p hong-giân, koh poè-ha̍p 1-khoán kiông-jio̍k-jio̍k-keh la̍k-pō͘-keh ê si-ūn.\n\nChit-siú si ê kiat-kò͘ m̄-sī lia̍h-ti̍t kiâⁿ thàng boé--ê, pâi-pí ē-ēng-tit kóng chám-jiân-á hiān-tāi, koh loē-iông ū kā cha-bó͘-lâng kap kē-chân kai-kip ê tē-ūi sak-koân. Tī Eng-gí téng-téng ê gí-giân--ni̍h, Odusseia (Eng-gí: *Odyssey*) chit-ê sû mā í-keng hō͘ lâng the̍h lâi piáu-sī tn̂g-kî phiau-lōng ê lú-hêng.","meta":{"title":"Odusseia","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1826,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2100}} -{"text":"\n\n| Pòaⁿ-tō-théchong-tìchè-chō |\n| --- |\n| |\n| MOSFET scaling(process nodes) |\n| \n* 010 µm – 1971 nî\n* 006 µm – 1974 nî\n* 003 µm – 1977 nî\n* 1.5 µm – 1981 nî\n* 001 µm – 1984 nî\n* 800 nm – 1987 nî\n* 600 nm – 1990 nî\n* 350 nm – 1993 nî\n* 250 nm – 1996 nî\n* 180 nm – 1999 nî\n* 130 nm – 2001 nî\n* 090 nm – 2003 nî\n* 065 nm – 2005 nî\n* 045 nm – 2007 nî\n* 032 nm – 2009 nî\n* 022 nm – 2012 nî\n* 014 nm – 2014 nî\n* 010 nm – 2016 nî\n* 007 nm – 2018 nî\n* 005 nm – 2020 nî\n\n |\n| Bī-lâi\n* 003 nm – *~2022 nî*\n |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n**45 nāi-bí chè-têng** (Eng-gí: *45 nm process*) sī pòaⁿ-tō-thé chè-chō chè-têng ê chi̍t ê chúi-pêng. 2007 nî, Panasonic kap Intel khai-sí tōa-liōng chè-chō 45 nāi-bí ê cheng-phìⁿ sán-phín. Cheng-phìⁿ chè-chō-siong sú-iōng High-k châi-liāu lâi thiām-chhiong sa-ke̍k, bo̍k-tek sī ūi-tio̍h beh kiám-chió lāu-tiān. Kàu 2007 nî, IBM kap Intel soan-pò͘ in chhái-iōng liáu kim-sio̍k sa-ke̍k kái-koat hong-àn.\n\n2020 nî, Hôa-ûi beh tī Siōng-hái kiàn-siat bô sú-iōng Bí-kok ki-su̍t ê cheng-phìⁿ kang-chhiúⁿ, ī-kî kang-chhiúⁿ ē ùi kē-toan 45 nāi-bí cheng-phìⁿ chò khí.","meta":{"title":"45 nāi-bí chè-têng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[397,952,0.4170168067226891],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1199}} -{"text":"**Lâu-sì** sī ē-hái ê lâng só͘ tì-ì--ê, só͘-koan-sim ê iân-hái hái-bīn ham hái-phiâⁿ ê chōng-hóng kah ka-kī kò-jîn ê kám-siū. Hái-nih ê seng-bu̍t m̄-koán hî, hê, chîm, chhi̍h, lê-á, khak-á, ... , lóng ū ka-kī ê seng-oa̍h tē-tiám, oa̍h-tāng sî-kan. Che ham toā-lâu sió-lâu, ham siáⁿ-mi̍h sî-kan chúi-im chúi-khó (chúi-te̍h) lóng-ū chiok-toā ê koan-hē. Tī hái-piⁿ thó-lia̍h ē-hái ê lâng tùi chit hong-bīn lóng ū ta̍k-ke it-tì kah ka-kī to̍k-iú ê sim-tek. Che tio̍h-oē sán-seng sím-mi̍h sî-chūn chhut-hái ah-sī khì hái-phiâⁿ oē lia̍h khah-ū khah-choe ī-tēng beh lia̍h ê hái-sán, –Ū-lâu-sì kah –Bô-lâu-sì ê khoàⁿ-hoat. Jiân-āu nā-sī lâu-sī lâi--ê sî-kan kap ka-kī ê ji̍t-siông seng-oa̍h, choē-khang-khè hioh-khùn sî-kan sī-m̄-sī it-tì, iáu-oē hun chhut: –Hó-lâu-sì kah –Phái-lâu-sì. Ū--ê hái-nih ê seng-bu̍t oa̍h-tāng sî-kan tī poàⁿ-mî, ài ēng teng-hé lâi chhiō, che chin sin-khó, m̄-koh chhiō-ū, koh-khah phái-lâu-sì mā kóng-chò hó-lâu-sì.","meta":{"title":"Lâu-sì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,947,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1089}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Tiân-cheng |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Fabales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Fabaceae |\n| A-kho: | Faboideae |\n|\n| Cho̍k: | Robinieae |\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Sesbania* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***S. cannabina*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Sesbania cannabina*** |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\nTiân-cheng ê hoe\n**Tiân-cheng** (Hàn-jī: 田菁, ha̍k-miâ: *Sesbania cannabina*) kui-sio̍k-tī tāu-kho, sī chi̍t-nî-seng chháu-pún he̍k to-nî-seng bo̍k-pún si̍t-bu̍t. Goân-pún seⁿ tī jia̍t-tāi kap a-jia̍t-tāi, ū ê kóng sī Egypt, Tâi-oân tī 1930 nî-tāi ín-chìn chai-poê, sī chhân--lin tiāⁿ-khoàiⁿ ê le̍k-pûi si̍t-bu̍t. I hun-pō· tī pêⁿ-tē kàu kē-hái-poa̍t ê soaⁿ-khu, seng-tióng tī khòng-khoah ê pha-hng-tē. I kah-ì kui-kang ū-ji̍t ê khoân-kéng, hoe-kî sī 6 goe̍h kàu 12 goe̍h.\n\nHêng-thài\n---------\n\nKeng ê ki-pō· bo̍k-chit-hoà, iù-ki seⁿ tn̂g-mo·. Koân tāi-iok 1 kàu 2 kong-chhioh.\n\nHio̍h-á sī it-hoê ngó·-sò· ú-chōng ho̍k-hio̍h, tn̂g 12 kàu 15 kong-hun, sió-hio̍h tn̂g 4 kàu 8 mm, tn̂g thó-îⁿ-hêng, thâu-chêng hit-toan tūn-tūn, ki-pō· chhoa̍h-chhoa̍h. Sió-hio̍h sò·-liōng tāi-hūn chhiau-koè 20 tùi.\n\nHoe n̂g-sek, ô·-tia̍p-hêng hoe-koan, 1 lúi kàu 3 lúi seⁿ tī hio̍h-á ê koh-ē-lang (e̍k-seng), chóng-chōng hoe-sū. \n\nKoé-chí sī ngeh-kó (莢果), tn̂g-tn̂g ti̍t-ti̍t.","meta":{"title":"Tiân-cheng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[199,1147,0.17349607672188316],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1536}} -{"text":"**Lâm Ka-chiu kàu-hōe chhèng-sat àn** sī 2022 nî 5 goe̍h 15 hō hoat-seng tī Bí-kok Ka-chiu Orange Kūn Laguna Woods Geneva Tiúⁿ-lo kàu-hōe ê chi̍t-kiāⁿ chhèng-sat àn-kiāⁿ. Àn-kiāⁿ hoat-seng hit-tang-sî sī Irvine Tâi-oân Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hōe (Irvine TPC) teh chiò kàu-tn̂g lâi sú-iōng. Geneva kap Irvine TPC lóng sī Bí-kok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hōe ê tn̂g-hōe.\n\nChhèng-chhiú iōng thih-liān kā kàu-tn̂g tōa-mn̂g só-tiâu liáu-āu, iōng kiông-le̍k-ka hong-sí só-thâu, tī kàu-tn̂g lāi khui-chhèng sàu-siā, chō-sêng 1 lâng sí-bông, 4 lâng tāng-siong, 1 lâng khin-siong. Tī hit-keng kàu-hōe, kàu-iú chha-put-to lóng-sī Tâi-Bí-jîn, chhèng-chhiú hián-jiân sī chiam-tùi Tâi-Bí-jîn siā-kûn lâi chò-àn.\n\nChhèng-chhiú sī tī Tâi-oân chhut-sì ê Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn āu ê Tiong-kok kàu Tâi-oân ê lān-bîn ê tē 2 tāi **Chiu Bûn-úi**（David Wenwei Chou），chū-chheng sī Ki-tok-tô͘, hoān-àn ê sî nî-kí 68 hòe, hoān-àn kang-kū sī 2 ki ha̍p-hoat bóe--lâi ê 9 mm chhiú-chhèng, 15 ê tóe-móa chhèng-chí ê chhèng-chí a̍p-á, to-hâi, 4 ê khó-lêng-sī ka-kī chè-chok ê khì-iû-tôaⁿ ê po̍k-chà-bu̍t, thih-liān, kiông-le̍k-ka téng-téng, kiám-kéng jīm-ûi chhèng-chhiú àn-sǹg chip-hêng khióng-pò͘ kong-kek, thâi-sí kàu-hōe lāi só͘-ū ê lâng liáu-āu, sio-húi kàu-tn̂g kiàn-tiok-bu̍t. Chiu Bûn-úi sī Tiong-hôa Thóng-it Chhiok-chìn Tóng sêng-oân, chi-chhî Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng Hân Kok-jû, \"Las Vegas Tiong-kok Hô-pêng Thóng-it Chhiok-chìn-hōe\" lí-sū, hō pit-miâ kiò **Chiu Sèng-píⁿ**, ì-sù sī \"iâⁿ-kòe Tân Chúi-píⁿ\", chèng-tī kheng-hiòng hui-siông kek-chìn, hi-bāng liam-mi siau-bia̍t Tâi-oân to̍k-li̍p. Kéng-hong bo̍k-chiân chhâ-tio̍h Chiu Bûn-úi chò-àn chìn-chêng siá ê jī-tiâu, hián-sī i bô jīm-tông \"Tâi-oân sī to̍k-li̍p bô sio̍k-tī Tiong-kok ê kok-ka\", koh-ū, Chiu Bûn-úi tī àn-hoat chìn-chêng bat kā i ê \"chò-àn seng-bêng\" 《Bia̍t To̍k Thiⁿ-sài Ji̍t-kì》kià hō͘ thoân-pò mûi-thé Sè-kài Ji̍t-pò, iā í-keng hông Bí-kok kèng-hong cha-siu, kàu-chia Bí-kok kèng-hong oân-choân jīm-tēng, chit-ê àn-kiâⁿ sī chiam-tùi Tâi-oân-lâng thiau-kang hoat-tōng ê siû-hīn chhèng-sat. Liân-pang Tiau-cha Kio̍k（FBI）koaⁿ-oân kóng in í-keng khai-sí liân-pang téng-kip ê siû-hīn hoān-chōe tiau-cha.\n\nHiâm-hoān\n---------\n\nChiu Bûn-úi 1953 nî 10 goe̍h 20 hō chhut-sì tī Tâi-oân, chek-koàn Tiong-kok Ô͘-lâm-séng(Bîn-kok), lāu-pē sī tòe Kok-bîn-tóng pāi-thòe Tâi-oân ê thè-ngó͘ kun-jîn. Chiu Bûn-úi sī Tâi-tiong koàn-chhun tōa-hàn, i chhin-chhiūⁿ ū giâm-tiōng ê séng-che̍k chêng-kat, i ê giân-lūn bô siū-tio̍h jīm-tông, só͘-í tùi Tâi-oân-lâng hoâi-hūn tī sim-lāi. Koh chū-jīn in-ūi i ê Gōa-séng-lâng sin-hūn, siàu-liân sî \"tī Tâi-oân bô siū hoan-gêng\", ùi Tâi-tiong It-tiong, Hông-kah Tāi-ha̍k chut-gia̍p, chò-peng ê sî khó-chhú ū-koaⁿ, āu-lâi chhú-tit Bí-kok se̍k-sū ha̍k-ūi. Bat chò-kòe tiâu-chiú-sai, tāi-ha̍k káng-su, āu-lâi î-bîn Bí-kok. Keng-kòe Lo̍k-sam-ki ê Tâi-pak pān-sū-chhù tiau-cha, 68 hòe (hō͘-chiàu ê chhut-siⁿ-tōe sī \"Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok\") ê hit-ê nî-tāi ê Tâi-oân î-bîn tī koaⁿ-hong bûn-kiāⁿ tiong ê chhut-siⁿ-tōe siá \"Repubilc of China\", m̄-sī chit-má só͘ chù-bêng ê \"Tâi-oân\", Chiu Bûn-úi tī ka-kī ê chhut-siⁿ-tōe mā siá \"China\", só͘-í hō͘ Bí-kok kèng-hong bat gō͘-jīn hiâm-hoān chhut-sì tī Tiong-kok.\n\n2019 nî í-āu î-bîn Bí-kok, Chiu Bûn-úi ka-ji̍p Thóng-chhiok Tóng chò tóng-oân, hoán-tùi Bîn-chìn Tóng chip-chèng, kun-kù se̍k-sāi i ê lâng hêng-iông, pêng-ji̍t khòaⁿ-bōe-chhut i ū te̍k-sû ê chèng-tóng kheng-hiòng, m̄-koh nā-sī kóng-tio̍h koan-hē chèng-hú kong-pō͘-mn̂g ê tāi-chì, \"chêng-sū tō iông-ī kek-tōng,koh phoe-phêng bô-soah\", só͘-í pêng-iú ōe thiau-kang pī-bián kap i tâm-lūn chit hong-bīn ê ōe-tê. I tam-jīm 2019 nî 4 goe̍h sêng-li̍p ê hoán-to̍k-chhiok-thóng thoân-thé \"Bí-kok Las Vegas Tiong-kok Hô-pêng Thóng-it Chhiok-chìn-hōe\" lí-sū, bat chi-chhî Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng tāi-piáu Hân Kok-jû chham-soán 2020 nî Tâi-oân Chóng-thóng soán-kú, khui kì-chiá-hōe, ko-kú hái-pò, téng-bīn siá si, lōe-iông: \"順勢速追擊，迅猛滅獨妖；知儂韓國瑜，飆選定奪標\", hông chheng-chò sī \"kian-tēng ê Hân hún\". Choân Bí-kok Tâi-oân Tông-hiong-hōe Las Vegas hun-hōe hōe-tiúⁿ Esther Pan piáu-sī, Chiu Bûn-úi tn̂g-kú tòa-tī Las Vegas, kap Tông-hiong-hōe sêng-oân tāi-to-sò͘ iú-hó, sui-bóng in-ūi chham-ka \"Thóng-it ūn-tōng cho͘-chit\", jīm-ûi Tâi-oân sī Tiong-kok ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn, kap to-sò͘ sêng-oân jīm-ûi Tâi-oân sī to̍k-li̍p kok-ka ê li̍p-tiûⁿ tò-pêng, m̄-koh ta̍k-ke pēng bōe in-ūi chèng-tī lâi sio-oan. chi̍t-ê Tông-hiong-hōe ê se̍k-sāi-lâng piáu-sī, kap Chiu Bûn-úi khai-káng ê sî kám-kak i tùi jîn-seng hui-siông siau-ke̍k, bâi-oàn Bí-kok chèng-hú, Tâi-oân chèng-hú. Chit-ūi se̍k-sāi-lâng ê bó͘ mā-sī Tông-hiong-hōe sêng-oân, i piáu-sī Chiu Bûn-úi ê li̍p-tiûⁿ bêng-hián, sīm-chì tī chi̍t-tiûⁿ gián-thó-hōe kek-tōng \"chhiúⁿ mái-khuh\", tī tâi-á-téng hoah-kóng \"我們全都是中國人(lán lóng sī Tiong-kok-lâng)\" ê giân-lūn, só͘-ū Tông-hiong-hōe ê sêng-oân lóng jīm-ûi i chit-chióng chêng-sū sī bô-chèng-siông--ê, \"Góa hit-tong-sî kám-kak kî-koài, lí ùi Tâi-oân lâi--ê, án-chóaⁿ ōe kóng \"我是中國人(Góa sī Tiong-kok-lâng)?\" M̄-koh góa pèng-bô kòe-thâu koan-sim chit-chàn tāi-chì, mā-bô ke chò thó-lūn.\"\n\nBo̍k-chiân Bí-kok kèng-hong ùi Chiu Bûn-úi lâu-hā ê jī-tiâu phòaⁿ-toàn, jīm-ûi \"sī in-ūi Tâi-oân Hái-kiap Lióng-hōaⁿ koan-hē kín-tiuⁿ ê iân-kò͘, tì-kàu chèng-tī tōng-ki siû-hīn hoān-chōe\". Kun-kù tong-tōe tī-an-koaⁿ(sheriff) ê biâu-su̍t, hiâm-hoān ê chhia-lāi jī-tiâu hián-sī i hoán Tâi-oân ê li̍p-tiûⁿ. Kun-kù Bí-kok Hun-chiú Chhèng Phàu kap Po̍k-chà-bu̍t Koán-lí-kio̍k（ATF）ê chu-liāu, Chiu Bûn-úi tāi-seng tī Las Vegas bóe-tio̍h 2 ki 9 hô-bí kháu-kèng ê Pistol chhiú-chhèng。\n\nSiū-hāi-chiá\n------------\n\nChhèng-sat àn chō-sêng 52 hòe lâm-sèng Tēⁿ Ta̍t-chì tng-tiûⁿ sí-bông, 5 lâng siū-siong. Siū-hāi-chiá pau-koat 1 miâ 86 hòe ê lú-sèng kap 4 miâ lâm-sèng, kî-tiong siōng nî-tióng--ê sī 92 hòe, siōng siàu-liân--ê mā-ū 66 hòe. 5 miâ siong-chiá tang-tiong, 4 lâng tio̍h-chhèng siū-siong giâm-tiōng, 1 lâng tī hūn-loān tiong siū-tio̍h khin-siong.\n\n52 hòe ê i-seng Tēⁿ Ta̍t-chì tī chhèng-sat àn tiong lî-lān, Tēⁿ i-seng sī ūn-tōng-i-ha̍k, ho̍k-kiān-kho i-su（m̄-sī ho̍k-kiān-su）, Kok-su̍t kàu-liān, pēng-m̄-sī Tiúⁿ-lo chong ê sìn-tô͘, sī chhut-tī hàu-sim, sái-chhia chài hêng-tōng put-piān ê nî-tióng bó-chhin khì chò-lé-pài. Tēⁿ Ta̍t-chì ê a-pa Tēⁿ Chùn-hiáu chiah kòe-sin iok 1 kó-goe̍h.\n\nTēⁿ Ta̍t-chì chhut-sin i-seng sè-ka, lāu-pē Tēⁿ Chùn-hiáu sī Tek-chiu Tâi-bí-jîn kài ū-miâ ê i-seng, a-chek Tēⁿ Chùn-lông mā-sī miâ-i. Tēⁿ Ta̍t-chì chhut-sì tī Tâi-oân, tī chi̍t-hòe ê sî tòe pē-bú î-bîn Bí-kok, tī Texas tōa-hàn, āu--lâi, Tēⁿ Ta̍t-chì kè-sêng a-pa \n\ni-poat, tī Tek-chiu Lí-kang tāi-ha̍k i-ha̍k-īⁿ chhú-tit i-ha̍k ha̍k-ūi, kàu Ka-chiu tāi-ha̍k Lo̍k-sam-ki hun-hāu si̍t-si̍p. Hêng-i liáu-āu, chiâⁿ-chòe Lâm-hōaⁿ I-liâu Chi̍p-thoân（South Coast Medical Group）sêng-oân, ho̍k-bū Ka-chiu Aliso Viejo (California) kap chiu-ûi tē-khu ê pīⁿ-hoān, sī tit-tio̍h Bí-kok Ka-têng-i-ha̍k Úi-oân-hōe jīn-chèng ê ūn-tōng-i-ha̍k choan-kho i-seng. Orange Kūn ê kiám-chhat-tiúⁿ Todd Spitzer kap kéng-tiúⁿ Don Barnes mā chàn-iông Tēⁿ Ta̍t-chì i-su ê eng-ióng hêng-ûi koh ūi-i ai-tō.\n\nLēng-gōa, Tēⁿ Ta̍t-chì i-su peh-hòe ê sî liān-bú, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ chham-ka pí-sài, siaⁿ-thâu-tháu. Ūi-tio̍h-beh cheng-chìn bú-gē, tek-pia̍t kàu Chicago, Kū-kim-soaⁿ, Hiong-káng téng tē-khu pài-su mn̄g-ha̍k. Tēⁿ i-su mā-ū tī Orange Kūn khui-pan siu ha̍k-seng, í \"Chhit-chhiⁿ Phài Chháu-kâu Kûn tē peh tāi thoân-jîn\" tī bú-su̍t-kài ū miâ-siaⁿ.\n\nTiau-cha\n--------\n\nChiu Bûn-úi sī hiān-hêng-hoān, í-keng hông Orange Kūn kèng-hong lia̍h--khì, Orange Kūn kèng-hong kóng, \"Chiu Bûn-úi sái chi̍t-àm ê chhia, chhia-têng 270 Eng-lí（tāi-iok sī 434 kong-lí）, chí-sī ūi-tio̍h beh thâi Tâi-oân-lâng, koh chìn-ji̍p kàu-tn̂g thâi-lâng, to-sò͘ koh sī tióng-pòe, chin-chiàⁿ sī mô͘-kúi.\" Lâi-chū Liân-pang Tiau-cha Kio̍k（FBI）kap Bí-kok Hun-chiú Chhèng Phàu kap Po̍k-chà-bu̍t Koán-lí Kio̍k（ATF）ê chêng-pò-oân hia̍p-chō͘ Orange Kūn kéng-tiúⁿ pān-kong-sek pān-àn. FBI í siû-hīn hoān-chōe chò pōe-kéng tiau-cha chit-chàn sū-kiāⁿ, chiam-tùi hiâm-hoān Nevada ê chū-só͘ kap tī àn-hoat hiān-tiûⁿ gōa-kháu khòa-hē ê chhia tián-khui tiau-cha, í-keng chhiâu--kòe i tī Nevada ê chū-só͘.\n\nDon Barnes kóng, \"Goán siong-sìn hiong-hiâm tek-pia̍t soán-te̍k tī Tâi-oân Siā-kûn hoān-àn, Irvine Tâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-lo-kàu-hōe tō-sī Tâi-oân Siā-kûn ê tāi-piáu chi-it\". Don Barnes koh kóng, hoān chit-ê àn-kiâⁿ ê Chiu Bûn-úi tī chhia-lāi lâu ū iōng Tiong-bûn siá ê pit-kì, kóng-tio̍h bô jīm-tông Tâi-oân to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng.\n\nChiu Bûn-úi hông khòng-kò hoān-hā 1 hāng bô͘-sat-chōe, 5 hāng bô͘-sat bī-sūi chōe, 4 hāng hui-hoat chhî-iú po̍k-chà-bu̍t chōe téng, sio̍k-tī te̍k-kip tāng-hoān. Chiu Bûn-úi tī Tâi-oân-lâng kàu-hōe ê ngó͘-chhan-hōe kap só͘-cha̍p miâ kàu-iú kau-liû, Todd Spitzer kóng Chiu Bûn-úi thàn ki-hōe chhú-tit kàu-iú ê sìn-jīm, hō͘ in bōe chù-ì tio̍h i teh-beh chìn-hêng ê kè-ōe, Todd Spitzer kóng chit-khoán hêng-ûi téng-î sī hoat-lu̍t tēng-gī ê \"sū-sian bâi-ho̍k\"（lying in wait）, nā-sī nā-sī hông tēng-chōe, khióng-kiaⁿ ka-tāng hêng-chek, thang kiû-chhù \"M̄-thang ká-sek ê chiong-sin kam-kìm\" á-sī sí-hêng.\n\nGoân-khí-seng hoat-koaⁿ chhâi-tēng ōe-tàng iōng pó-sek-kim chi̍t-pah-bān bí-kim kau-pó hāu-thoân, āu-lâi in-ūi chai-iáⁿ i chah tōa-liōng bú-khì, khióng-pò͘ kong-kek ì-tô͘ bêng-hián, ok-sèng tiōng-tāi, kái chhâi-tēng bô ún-chún kau-pó, ti̍t-chiap khàu-ah, beh tī la̍k--goe̍h ê sî tē-it-pái khai-têng.\n\nChiu Bûn-úi tī chò-àn chìn-chêng, bat kià-chhut iōng \"Bia̍t To̍k Thiⁿ-sài Ji̍t-kì\" ûi miâ ê 7 chheh iáⁿ-ìn bûn-kiāⁿ kap sûi-sin-tia̍p kā Sè-kài Ji̍t-pò Lo̍k-sam-ki Siā, ì-tô͘ soat-bêng i ê chò-àn tōng-ki. Kai siā tī 16 hō siū-tio̍h chit-thò bûn-kiāⁿ liáu-āu, koat-tēng úi-thok lu̍t-su Lîm Eng-lông, kau-hō͘ kèng-hong chhú-lí. Spitzer piáu-sī, Chiu Bûn-úi bêng-hián sī siû-hīn hoān-chōe, hông cheng-sìn kàu taⁿ, chi̍t-tiám-á mā bô chùn būn ka-kī só͘ hoān-hā ê chōe-hêng, mā bô-iàu-kín teh-beh biān-lîm ê hêng-kî.\n\nChham-khó Bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n1. 1 2\n2. ↑","meta":{"title":"Lâm Ka-chiu kàu-hōe chhèng-sat àn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[4,9801,0.00040812162024283236],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":11229}} -{"text":"**Bu̍t-kiāⁿ tō-hiòng têng-sek sè-kè** iah-sī **bīn-hiòng tùi-siōng pian-têng** (Eng-gí: *Object-oriented programming, OOP*), tiō sī kheng-hiòng iōng bu̍t-kiāⁿ (mi̍h-kiaⁿ, tùi-siōng)--ê khài-liām lâi siá--ê têng-sek sè-kè-hoat (*programming paradigm*). Iōng che, lán-lâng thang kā ta̍k khoán tāi-chì iah-sī bu̍t-phín iōng \"bu̍t-kiāⁿ\"--ê kài-liām lâi bô͘-gí (thiu-siōng-hòa, abstraction). Bu̍t-kiāⁿ ū i kā-ki--ê sio̍k-sèng (*attribution*) piàn-sò͘, mā thang iōng i ka-kī--ê hong-hoat (*method*, chi̍t-chióng têng-sū), chiap-siu kî-tha--ê bu̍t-kiāⁿ, kap hőng thoân kap kî-tha--ê hâm-sò͘ iah-sī hong-hoat.\n\nLūi-pia̍t, sio̍k-sèng kap hong-hoat\n-----------------------------------\n\nBu̍t-kiaⁿ thang hun-chò kui--ê lūi-pia̍t (*class*), chi̍t-ê lūi-pia̍t ū i--ê sio̍k-sèng kap hong-hoat. Lē (iōng Python 3):\n\n```\n# tēng-gī lūi-pia̍t \"Káu\"\nclass Káu:\n def __init__(self, name, length):\n '''Kiàn-li̍p \"Káu\" lūi-hêng lāi-té--ê bu̍t-kiāⁿ--ê sî pháng--ê hong-hoat'''\n '''Ē-kha sī sio̍k-sèng'''\n self.name = name #miâ\n self.length = length\n \n def pùi(self, string):\n '''\"pùi\" sī chi̍t-khoán hong-hoat'''\n print(\"%s, áu!\" % string)\n\nlâi_hù = Káu(\"Lâi-hù\", 80) # tēng-gī lâi_hù sī káu\n\n# ìn lâi_hù--ê sio̍k-sèng (miâ, ta̍t sī \"Lâi-hù\")\nprint(lâi_hù.name)\n\n# sú-iōng hong-hoat \"pùi\", ìn-chhut \"Góa sī chi̍t chiah káu, áu!\"\nlâi_hù.pùi(\"Góa sī chi̍t chiah káu\") \n\n```\n\nKè-sêng (Inheritance)\n---------------------\n\nChi̍t-ê lūi thang sī pa̍t--ê lūi--ê \"kiáⁿ-lūi\", kè-sêng goân-iú--ê (pō͘-hūn) sio̍k-sèng kap hong-hoat, ē-tàng hō͘ kiáⁿ-lūi lâi sú-iōng.\n\nTo-thài (Polymorphism)\n----------------------\n\nBô-kâng--ê lūi-pia̍t thang ū kâng-khoán--ê hong-hoat, tio̍h sī khoán to-thàì (多態)--ê lē.\n\nChi-goân ê têng-sek gí-giân ê lē\n--------------------------------\n\n* C++\n* Python\n* Java","meta":{"title":"Bu̍t-kiāⁿ tō-hiòng thêng-sek sè-kè","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[13,1595,0.008150470219435737],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2022}} -{"text":"\n**Wola Popowa** sī chi̍t ê tī Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok Łódź Séng Kutno Kūn Żychlin Kong-siā ê chng-thâu.\n\nChham-oa̍t\n----------\n\n* [[Pho-lân ê chng-thâu\n\nایجاد حساب\n\nابزارهای شخصی\n\nفهرست نهفتن\nبخش آغازین\nنگارخانه\nرتبه‌بندی\nمنابع\nپیوند به بیرون\nجستارهای وابسته\nدانشگاه نیویورک\n\nمقاله\nبحث\nخواندن\nویرایش\nنمایش تاریخچه\nاز ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد\nدانشگاه نیویورک\nNew York University\nNew York University Seal.svg\nشعار: \nPerstare et praestare\nبه فارسی: استقامت و پیشرفت\nتاسیس: ۱۸۳۱\nنوع دانشگاه: خصوصی\nایالت: ایالت نیویورک\nشهر: نیویورک پرچم ایالات متحده آمریکا\nپشتوانه مالی: ۲٬۵ میلیارد دلار آمریکا[۱]\nرئیس دانشگاه: اندرو دیوید همیلتون\nهیئت علمی: ۶۷۵۵\nکارکنان: ۱۶۰۰۰\nتعداد دانشجویان: ۴۰۸۷۵\nوبگاه: www.nyu.edu\nدانشگاه نیویورک (به انگلیسی: New York University) مشهور به NYU، تأسیس ۱۸۳۱، بزرگترین دانشگاه خصوصی ایالات متحده آمریکا بوده و در نیویورک واقع است. در سال ۲۰۱۸ دانشگاه نیویورک در رتبه‌بندی جهانی که توسط مؤسسه تایمز، رتبه‌بندی شانگهای و یواس نیوز اند ورلد ریپورت انجام شد در میان ۴۰ دانشگاه برتر دنیا قرار گرفت.[۲][۳][۴]\n\nنگارخانه\nیکی از خوابگاه‌های دانشگاه\nیکی از خوابگاه‌های دانشگاه\n\n \n\nCentral Park Nueva York017.jpg\n\nNYU Poly - Brooklyn, NY - DSC07632.JPG\n\nAcademyBus2145NYU.jpg\n\nNew York University Building in Washington Square, 1850.jpg\n\n11 W42 calendar jeh.JPG\n\nNYU Maison francaise.gif\n\nNYU-Gallatin School.jpg\n\nMain buildingNYU.JPG\n\nNYU's Bobst library-2.jpg\nدانشگاه نیویورک ۱۴ دانشکده دارد و در ۲۵ کشور از جمله در ابوظبی نیز شعبه دارد.[۵]\n\n۳۶ برنده جایزه نوبل و ۳۰ جایزه پولیتزر و ۷ جایزه لسکر از این دانشگاه بوده‌اند.[۶]\n\nرتبه‌بندی\nدر رتبه‌بندی دانشگاه‌های جهان در سال ۲۰۲۰ که مؤسسه Qs آن را انجام داده‌ است این دانشگاه در رده ۳۹دنیا و هفدهم آمریکا قرار دارد.[۷] در رتبه‌بندی مؤسسه تایمز در سال ۲۰۲۰دانشگاه نیویورک رتبه ۲۹را از آن خود کرده‌است.[۸]\n\nمنابع\n\n```\n«Washington Square News - Endowment, boosted by donors, hits $2.5 billion». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۱۲ مارس ۲۰۰۹. دریافت‌شده در ۶ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۶.\n«U.S. News & World Report». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۸ اکتبر ۲۰۱۴. دریافت‌شده در ۱۰ آوریل ۲۰۱۹.\n\"World University Rankings\". Times Higher Education (THE) (به انگلیسی). 2017-08-18. Retrieved 2019-04-10.\n«ARWU World University Rankings 2017 | Academic Ranking of World Universities 2017 | Top 500 universities | Shanghai Ranking - 2017». www.shanghairanking.com. بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۱۹ ژانویه ۲۰۱۹. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۱۹-۰۴-۱۰.\nNYU> Abu Dhabi\nNew York University> About NYU> University Facts\n\"QS World University Rankings 2020\". Top Universities (به انگلیسی). 2018-05-29. Retrieved 2019-04-10.\n\"World University Rankings\". Times Higher Education (THE) (به انگلیسی). 2018-09-26. Retrieved 2019-04-10.\n```\n\nپیوند به بیرون\nوبگاه رسمی دانشگاه\nجامعه فرهنگی ایرانیان دانشگاه نیویورک\nجستارهای وابسته\n در ویکی‌انبار پرونده‌هایی دربارهٔ دانشگاه نیویورک موجود است.\nآیوی لیگ\nلیگ آیوی عمومی\nانجمن دانشگاه‌های آمریکایی\nکیفیت و رتبه‌بندی دانشگاه‌های آمریکا\nنبو\nانجمن دانشگاه‌های آمریکایی\nنبو\n]]\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)\" (ēng Pho-lân-gí). 2008-06-01.","meta":{"title":"Wola Popowa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[360,2784,0.12931034482758622],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Wola Popowa
    —  Chng-thâu  —
    \n
    \"Wola
    \"Wola
    Wola Popowa
    \n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 52°14′40″N 19°39′19″E / 52.24444°N 19.65528°E / 52.24444; 19.65528
    Kok-ka\n\"\" Pho-lân\n
    Séng\nŁódź\n
    Kūn\nKutno\n
    Kong-siā\nŻychlin\n
    Sî-khuCET (UTC+1)\n\t
     - Jo̍at--lângCEST (UTC+2)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3069}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Chiuⁿ-hî |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Phó-thong Chiuⁿ-hî, *Octopus vulgaris*. |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Mollusca |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Cephalopoda |\n| A-kong: | Coleoidea |\n|\n|\n|\n| Chhiau-bo̍k: | Octopodiformes |\n| Bo̍k: | **Octopoda**Leach, 1818 |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| A-ba̍k |\n| * Cirrina\n* Incirrina\n |\n| Siâng-ì-miâ |\n| * OctopoidaLeach, 1817\n |\n\n**Chiuⁿ-hî**, Tâi-oân-oē mā kóng **thá-khò͘**, **chio̍h-kī**, **chio̍h-kū**, sī só͘-ū sio̍k **Octopoda**-lūi ê thâu-chiok-lūi hái-iûⁿ tōng-bu̍t. Chia-ê tōng-bu̍t ū 4-tùi chhiú-pì (mā ē-sái kóng sī kha). In-ê chhùi seⁿ tī 8-ki chhiú-pì ê tiong-sim. Chiuⁿ-hî it-poaⁿ lāi goā lóng bô kut-keh, ē-tàng nǹg koè chin e̍h ê kong-kan. Pí-khí kî-thaⁿ ê bô-chek-chui tōng-bu̍t, chiuⁿ-hî sǹg sī tì-le̍k khah koân ê chi̍t lūi.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ ITIS Report: Octopoda Leach, 1818\n2. ↑ Helsinki.fi, Mikko's Phylogeny Archive: Coleoidea – Recent cephalopods","meta":{"title":"Chiuⁿ-hî","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[331,748,0.4425133689839572],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1109}} -{"text":"**Oán-tong Chi̍p-thoân** (遠東集團) sī Tâi-oân ê chi̍t ê hāⁿ chio̍h-hòa lêng-goân, chū-chi hòa-chhiam, chúi-nî kiàn-châi, pah-hòe lêng-siū, kim-iông ho̍k-bū, hái-lio̍k ūn-su, thong-sìn bāng-lō͘, êng-chō kiàn-tio̍k, koan-kong pn̄g-tiàm, siā-hōe kong-ek téng 10 gōa hāng sán-gia̍p ê khì-gia̍p chi̍p-thoân. Kî-hā khì-gia̍p ū 200 gōa keng, pau-hâm Oán-tong Pháng-chit (Oán-tong Sin Sè-kí), A-chiu Chúi-nî, Oán-tong Pah-hòe, Jū-bîn Hâng-ūn, Tong-liân Hòa-ha̍k, Hông-oán Heng-gia̍p, Oán-thoân Tiān-sìn, Oán-tong Kok-chè Siong-gia̍p Gîn-hâng téng 8 keng tī Tâi-oân chiūⁿ-chhī ê kong-si; kòe-khì bat ū chi̍t ê le̍k-sú kú-tn̂g ê A-tong Lú-chú Nâ-kiû Tūi. Kàu 2015 nî ûi-chí, chu-sán chóng-gia̍h chhiau-kòe Sin-tâi-phiò 2-tiāu 5000-bān îⁿ (758-ek Bí-kim), êng-gia̍p kim-gia̍h chhiau-kòe Sin-tâi-phiò 6100-ek îⁿ (187-ek Bí-kim), kó͘-tong jîn-sò͘ chhiau-kòe 60-bān lâng, siāng koân bat sī Tâi-oân tē-saⁿ tōa khì-gia̍p chi̍p-thoân.\n\nChi̍p-thoân ê chhòng-pān-jîn sī Chhî Iú-siông, sī 1930 nî-tāi tī Siōng-hái oa̍h-hián ê seng-lí-lâng, 1937 nî tī Siōng-hái sêng-li̍p Siōng-hái Oán-tong Chiam-chit Chhiúⁿ, 1949 nî kā goân-té tī Siōng-hái ê kang-chhiúⁿ sóa lâi Tâi-oân siat-li̍p \"Oán-tong Chiam-chit Chhiúⁿ\", pēng tī 1953 nî sêng-li̍p Oán-tong Pháng-chit, khai-sí tī Tâi-oân ê sū-gia̍p. Āu-lâi tī 1957 nî sêng-li̍p A-chiu Chúi-nî, 1967 nî sêng-li̍p Oán-tong Pah-hòe, 1969 nî sêng-li̍p Ū-chiong Kang-siong, A-tong Ki-su̍t Ha̍k-īⁿ, chiām-chiām hoat-tián chò chit-má ê kui-bô͘.\n\n2009 nî 10 goe̍h 13 hō, Oán-tong Pháng-chit kái-miâ Oán-tong Sin Sè-kí, kán-chheng \"Oán-tong-sin\" (遠東新). 2019 nî, Oán-tong Chi̍p-thoân tī Tâi-oân sêng-li̍p 70 chiu-nî.","meta":{"title":"Oán-tong Chi̍p-thoân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1609,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1834}} -{"text":"Kok-kok tiàm tī chhù-lāi siōng-pan--ê lô-kang pí-lē tē-tô͘\n**Oán kū-lî lô-tōng** (Hàn-jī: 遠距離勞動, Eng-gí: *telework*), á-sī **tiàm-chhù chò khang-khòe** (*work from home*), **tiàm-chhù siōng-pan** téng, sī chi̍t khoán lô-tōng hêng-sek, chí lī-iōng thong-sìn kah chu-sìn kang-kū hām kheh-hō͘, kong-si (iáu-sī ki-koan, ki-kò͘, cho͘-chit téng)--ê ki-thaⁿ sêng-oân liân-lo̍k á-sī thoân bûn-kiāⁿ téng, m̄-bián chhin-sin kàu kang-chok tē-tiám.\n\nKin-kù CNN 2020 nî 2 goe̍h--ê pò-tō, ūi-tio̍h pī-bián Bú-hàn hì-iām--ê e̍k-chêng khok-tāi, chin-chē Tiong-kok--ê oân-kang khai-sí oán-kū siōng-pan, Microsoft kong-si mā tī 2020 nî 10 goe̍h soan-pò͘ Oân-kang ē-tàng sin-chhéng éng-éng tiàm-chhù siōng-pan.\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Jessie Yeung (2020-02-15). \"The world's biggest work-from-home experiment has been triggered by coronavirus\". CNN. 2021-05-16 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"武漢肺炎 | 微軟宣佈可永久Work From Home 增加上班時間彈性\". Hiong-káng Phōng-kó Ji̍t-pò. 2020-10-10. 2021-05-16 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* SOHO cho̍k","meta":{"title":"Oán kū-lî lô-tōng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[257,961,0.26742976066597296],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1131}} -{"text":"Joseph-Louis Lagrange\n**Chio̍h-sè-hù Lúi La̍k-gông-ji̍t** (Hàn-jī: 石世富．磊．落昂日, Hoat-gí: Joseph-Louis Lagrange; 1736 nî 1 goe̍h 25 ji̍t – 1813 nî 4 goe̍h 10 ji̍t), pún-miâ **Giuseppe Lodovico Lagrangia** ia̍h-sī **Giuseppe Ludovico De la Grange Tournier**, sī chi̍t ūi Hoat-kok chek Ì-tāi-lī è khé-bông sî-tāi ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka kiam thian-bûn-ha̍k-ka. I bat tī hō͘ Phó͘-ló͘-se kok-ông Friedrich 2-sè chhiáⁿ, Friedrich kā i o-ló kóng i sī \"Au-chiu siōng úi-tāi ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka\".\n\nSeng-pêng\n---------\n\nLagrange ê lāu-pē hi-bāng i khì chò lu̍t-su, tān-sī i chū 17 hòe o̍h tio̍h bî-chek-hun khai-sí, tō tùi sò͘-ha̍k sán-seng hèng-chhù, chū-án-ne khai-sí gián-kiù sò͘-ha̍k. 1755 nî, i 19 hòe, siá ê lūn-bûn siū-tio̍h sò͘-ha̍k-ka Ô͘-í-la ê tiōng-sī, lâng tō thê-poa̍t--i hō͘ i chò Torino kàu-siū.\n\n### Torino sî-kî (1955\n\nLagrange chá-kî ê gián-kiù hèng-chhù sī kā piàn-hun-hoat kah tōng-le̍k-ha̍k kiat-ha̍p, hoat-tián chhut hun-sek le̍k-ha̍k, kái-koat goe̍h-niû thian-pêng-tōng ê būn-tê, bo̍k-chheⁿ sì ê ūi-chheⁿ ūn-tōng, chi̍t-khòa khang-khòe mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hō͘--ì tio̍h-sióng.\n\n### Pek-lîm sî-kî (1766–1787)\n\n \n\n1767 nî 9 goe̍h, Lagrange kah in pió-mōe Vittoria Conti kiat-hun.\n\nKòng-hiàn\n---------\n\n* Tâi-sò͘-ha̍k\n* Sò͘-lūn\n* Bî-chek-hun\n\t+ La̍k-gông-ji̍t seng chun\n* Le̍k-ha̍k: khui-chhòng sin ka-kī ê le̍k-ha̍k lí-lūn La̍k-gông-ji̍t le̍k-hāk\n* Thian-bûn-ha̍k\n\t+ La̍k-gông-ji̍t tiám","meta":{"title":"Joseph-Louis Lagrange","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[176,1314,0.1339421613394216],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1560}} -{"text":"**Rukai-cho̍k** sī Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn ê 1-cho̍k. In chú-iàu sī tī Tâi-oân lâm-pō· Tiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng ê tang sai nn̄g-pêng khiā-khí.\n\nToà tī Tiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng sai-pêng ê sī khiā tī Ló-lông-khe (荖濃溪) ki-lâu Lô-kháu-khe (濁口溪) hū-kīn, sio̍k-tī Ko-hiông-chhī Bō͘-lîm-khu (茂林區) ê **Totouka-kongatawanu-oponubu** (下三社群 ), hām khiā tī E̍-liâu-khe (隘寮溪) 2-hōaⁿ ê **Sai-Rukai-kûn**. Nā toà tī tang-pêng--ê, sī khiā tī Tâi-tang Pêⁿ-iûⁿ kîⁿ-á, Lū-ka-khe (呂家溪) 2-pêng ê **Taromak** (Tāi-lâm-siā-kûn / 大南社群, Tāi-lâm-kûn / 大南群 he̍k-chiá sī kiò-chò Tang-Rukai-Kûn).\n\nChóng kóng--khí-lâi, Rukai-cho̍k sī khiā tī Pîn-tong-koān kap Tâi-tang-koān 2-ê hêng-chèng khu-he̍k lāi-té.\n\nHiān-chhú-sî sī Pîn-tang-koān Bū-tâi-hiong (霧台鄉) ê Rukai-cho̍k jîn-kháu siōng chē, koh lâi sī Tâi-tang-koān Pi-lâm-hiong (卑南鄉), soà--lo̍h-lâi sī Ko-hiông-chhī ê Bō͘-lîm-khu kap Pîn-tang-koān ê Soaⁿ-tē-mn̂g-hiong (三地門鄉).\n\nIn-ūi toà tī Bū-tâi-hiong ê Rukai jîn-kháu siōng chē, só·-í chiah ē ēng in ka-kī kiò ka-kī ê miâ: Rukai lâi chiâⁿ-chò kui-ê cho̍k-kûn ê miâ. Chóng--sī Ko-hîong-koān Bō·-lîm-hiong ê cho̍k-lâng ū in ka-tī ê hoat-chó· thoân-soeh, in jīn-uî in tō sī tī Bō·-lîm-hiong hoat-chó·--ê, kā ka-kī lēng-goā hō-chò **Tarwarekan**. Tarwarekan in-ūi chò Bunun, Cou kap Pêⁿ-po·-cho̍k ê chhù-piⁿ, bûn-hoà, gí-giân kap hong-sio̍k lóng sīu-tio̍h chin chē goā-lâi ê éng-híong, in ê oē kap Bū-tâi ê pō·-lo̍k í-keng ū chám-jiân toā ê cheng-chha tī leh.\n\nKàu 2003-nî ê thóng-kè, Rukai lóng-chóng ū 1-bān goā lâng.\n\nChiuⁿ-pà ê kò·-hiong: chhian-soá kap pō·-lo̍k kiàn-li̍p\n-------------------------------------------------------\n\nRukai-cho̍k ū 1-ê miâ, hō-chò chiuⁿ-pà ê kò·-hiong. Kin-kì in cho̍k ê thoân-soeh, Rukai ê chó·-kong-á sī tī Tâi-tang ê hái-hoā khí-soaⁿ--ê, bô-goā-kú tō soá lâi Tiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng lâm-toāⁿ ê Kindoor-soaⁿ khiā-ke. Āu--lâi, chi̍t-pō·-hūn ê cho̍k-lâng toè thâu-lâng chhian-soá, hō· 1-chiah ū sîn ê chiuⁿ-pò· kap lāi-hio̍h chhoā-lō·, poâⁿ-soaⁿ-koè-niá lâi tī **Kochapogan** (Kochapogan-siā, Hàn-jī hông siá-chò 舊好茶). Chiuⁿ-pà kàu Kochapogan liáu-āu tō thêng tī hia, lóng m̄-khéng lī-khui, só·-í cho̍k-lâng tō tī Kochapogan kiàn-li̍p pō·-lo̍k.\n\nChe í-āu, Rukai-cho̍k koh ū chhian khì kàu Bū-tâi-hiong (霧台鄉), kiàn-li̍p **Ad el-siā** (taⁿ ê A-lé-chhoan / 阿禮村), **Budai-siā** (taⁿ ê Bū-tâi-chhoan / 霧台村), **Kabarayan-siā** (taⁿ ê Bū-tâi-chhoan Hoâ-îong chū-lo̍k / 華容聚落, mā kìo-chò Hā-bū-tâi / 下霧臺) kap **Tokubul-siā** (tī taⁿ ê Saⁿ-tē-mn̂g-hiong Toā-siā-chhoan ).\n\nIn-ūi chit-toāⁿ chhian-soá ê thoân-soeh kap le̍k-sú, só·-í Rukai-cho̍k kìm-chí phah chiuⁿ-pà kap lāi-hio̍h.\n\nKó·-chhoe-hoe ê bîn-cho̍k\n-------------------------\n\nRukai ê lēng-goā 1-ê hō-thâu sī ēng kó·-chhoe-hoe chò chng-thāⁿ. Kó·-chhoe-hoe tī Rukai sī tāi-piáu cha-bó·-gín-á ê sûn-kiat kap cha-po·-lâng chhut-sek ê phah-la̍h ki-su̍t.\n\nM̄-koh cha-bó·-gín-á nā tī kiat-hun chìn-chêng kap lâng khùn--koè, tō bô chu-keh tì kó·-chhoe-hoe.\n\nIt-poaⁿ lâi kóng, Rukai-lâng tì kó·-chhoe-hoe ê sî sī kā hoe ǹg tùi piⁿ-á, chí-ū thâu-ba̍k chiah ē-sái kā hoe ǹg tùi chiàⁿ-thâu-chêng.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hêng-chèng-īⁿ ū sêng-jīm | Amis-cho̍k (Pangcah)   Tayal-cho̍k   Bunun-cho̍k   Kanakanavu-cho̍k   Kavalan-cho̍k   Paiwan-cho̍k   Puyuma-cho̍k   Rukai-cho̍k   Saaroa-cho̍k   Sakizaya-cho̍k   Saisiyat-cho̍k   Seediq-cho̍k   Tao-cho̍k   Thao-cho̍k   Truku-cho̍k   Tsou-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Tē-hng ū sêng-jīm | Makatao-cho̍k (Pîn-tong-koān)   Siraya-cho̍k (Tâi-lâm-chhī)   Taivuan-cho̍k (Hoa-liân-koān Hù-lí-hiong) |\n| |\n| Koaⁿ-hong bô sêng-jīm | Babuza-cho̍k   Basay-cho̍k   Hoanya-cho̍k   Kaxabu-cho̍k   Ketagalan-cho̍k   Kulon-cho̍k   Luilang-cho̍k   Papora-cho̍k   Pazeh-cho̍k   Qauqaut-cho̍k   Taokas-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ hun-lūi | Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k   Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k   Formosa-lâng |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Rukai-cho̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[658,3609,0.18232197284566362],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4438}} -{"text":"\nView of the Fo Guang Big Buddha and eight pagodas from the 2nd floor of the Front Hall\n**Hu̍t-kong-san Hu̍t-tô Kì-liām-koán** ūi-chāi Tâi-oân Ko-hiông-chhī Tōa-chhiū-khu. Tī 2011 ni oân-sêng, chiàm-tē 50 kong-khéng. 1998 ni Sek-chheⁿ-hûn Hoat-su khì Ìn-tō͘ Phô͘-thê-ka-iâ thoân-siū kok-chè saⁿ-tôaⁿ tāi-kài. Hit tong-sî ê Se-chōng la-ma Kunga Dorje Rinpoche tài-liām: Hu̍t-kong-san tn̂g-kî ūi-tio̍h chhiok-chìn sè-kài hu̍t-kàu Hàn Chōng bûn-hòa kau-liû, siat-li̍p Tiong-hôa Hàn Chōng Bûn-hòa Hia̍p-hōe, kí-pān sè-kài hu̍t-kàu hián-bi̍t hōe-gī, nái-chì chhòng-li̍p Kok-chè Hu̍t-kong-hōe téng-téng; Lóng sī thoân-pò lîn-kan hu̍t-kàu ê chèng-phài tō-tiûⁿ, só͘-í i piáu-ta̍t beh sàng Sek-chheⁿ-hûn Hoat-su hō͘-chhàng tit-beh 30 tang ê hu̍t-gê sià-lī sim-goān, pēng hi-bāng ē-tàng tī Tâi-oân kiàn koán kèng-hōng.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"佛光山佛陀紀念館\".  (Hàn-gí)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Fo Guang Shan Buddha Museum*** |\n\n* Buddha Museum website\n* Buddha Museum facebook\n* Buddha Museum Youtube\n\ntemplate:Fo Guang Shan [en] \n\ntemplate:Colossal Buddhist statues [en]","meta":{"title":"Hu̍t-kong-san Hu̍t-tô Kì-liām-koán","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[290,1177,0.2463891248937978],"infobox":["
    Fo Guang Shan Buddha Museum
    \n
    佛光山佛陀紀念館
    \n
    \n
    \"Hu̍t-kong-san
    \"Hu̍t-kong-san
    Location within Tâi-oân
    Established\n25 December 2011
    Tē-tsí\nDashu, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
    Hîng-thài\nMuseum
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1272}} -{"text":"\n**Free Software Magazine** (ing-gú: Free Software Magazine, mā kiò-tsò **FSM**, siōng-thâu-á ê miâ-jī kiò-tsò The Open Voice; **tsū-iû nńg-thé tsa̍p-tsì**) sī tsi̍t-ê bāng-tsām, FSM sóo tsè-tsok (thong-siông kiò-tsò siang gue̍h-khan) tsú-iàu lāi-iông uî bián-huì ê kuan-î tsū-iû nńg-thé ê suànn-tíng tsa̍p-tsì [en].\n\nFSM tī 2004-nî 11-gue̍h iû Australia-jîn Tony Mobily tshòng-pān, i sī TUX tsa̍p-tsì ê tsiân pian-tsi̍p, iû The Open Company Partners, Inc. (tsóng-pōo khiā-tī Bí-kok) tsàn-tsōo, pīng tsah-ū bián-huì ê tsa̍p-tsì nńg-thé sè-kài.\n\nLi̍k-sú\n-------\n\nFSM siōng-thâu-á hōo i-ê tshòng-kiàn-tsiá siat-sióng tso tsi̍t-tsióng sú-iōng ìn-suat hām tiān-tsú keh-sik tshut-siū ê tsa̍p-tsì, i-ê sìn-hō tsa̍p-sìn pí [en] pí tāi-liōng sing-sán ê ìn-suat Linux tsa̍p-tsì khah kuân. Teh tsit-tsióng bôo-sik tsi-hā, bûn-tsiunn ìn-suat tshut-pán 6 lé-pài liáu-āu bián-huì hi̍k-tik hí-khó. Tō-tshiūnn O'Reilly Media kong-si [en] ê onLAMP.com sóo tsí-tshut ê, \"ū kui-á-pún iu-siù ê tsa̍p-tsì hâm-kài Linux, m̄-kú in tsiam-tuì ê sī ti̍k-tīng ê Linux iōng-hōo tsí-tsi̍p, bô \"Free Software Magazine\" ê kóng-huàn siū-kuân.\"\n\nPut-jî-kò, kuì-siàu ê ìn-suat hām iû-tsu [zh] sîng-pún tì-sú tsit-pún tsa̍p-tsì tsuán-hiòng tsuan-kang thong-kuè PDF tsìn-hîng tiān-tsú tshut-pán.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Phil Hughes (September 25, 2006). \"Welcome to Tony Mobily, TUX Magazine's new editor\". *TUX Magazine*. goân-loē-iông tī September 28, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. July 23, 2009 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ Klemm, Aaron (2005-02-15). \"Interview: Tony Mobily, *Free Software Magazine*\". *NewsForge*. goân-loē-iông tī 2008-04-17 hőng khó͘-pih. 2008-12-30 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n3. ↑ Andy Oram (2005-08-20). \"Free Software Magazine\". *O'Reilly Media OnLAMP.com*.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* O'Reilly Media kong-si [en]\n* Suànn-tíng tsa̍p-tsì [en]\n* Sìn-hō tsa̍p-sìn pí [en]\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Free Software Magazine","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[764,2035,0.3754299754299754],"infobox":["
    Free Software Magazine
    (Tsū-iû nńg-thé tsa̍p-tsì)
    Tsóng-pian-tsi̍p\nTony Mobily
    Luī-pe̍t\nInternet tsa̍p-tsì
    Tē 1 kî\n2004 nî 11 goe̍h;​ 18 nî í-chêng​ (2004-11)
    Kong-si\nThe Open Company Partners Inc.
    Kok-ka\nBí-kok
    Gí-gên\nIng-gú
    Bāng-tsām\nwww.freesoftwaremagazine.com
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2120}} -{"text":"**E̍k-chu** (疫株; eng. *vaccine*), mā ū kóng **chu-chiuⁿ** (株漿) iā **chu-chéng** (株種), hiān-tāi siū Koaⁿ-ōe éng-hióng mā ū kóng **e̍k-biâu** (疫苗), sī chiam-tùi bó͘ khoán chek-pēⁿ chò seng-bu̍t siōng ū-hông ê chhiú-tōaⁿ. E̍k-chu ki-pún ê chè-chō goân-lí sī lī-ēng sí-bông he̍k-chiá jio̍k-hòa liáu-āu ê pēⁿ-goân hō͘ sin-thé sán-seng khòng-thé. **Ū-hông-siā** (預防射) sī it-poaⁿ só͘ kóng ê e̍k-chu, chóng-sī e̍k-chu bô it-tēng to̍h ēng chù-siā hêng-sek si̍t-hêng.\n\nIōng-gí\n-------\n\nEng-gí *vaccine* ê gí-goân sī *Variolae vaccinae* (gû ê thian-jiân-tō͘); tāi-seng sī Edward Jenner ēng lâi piáu-sī gû-tāu-chu (*cowpox*) ê ì-sù. I tī 1798 nî kài-siāu ēng gû-tāu-chu tùi-khòng thian-jiân-tō͘ ê bûn-chiuⁿ *Gián-kiù só͘ châi-iáⁿ hō Gû-tāu-chu ê Variolae vaccinae* (*Inquiry into the Variolae vaccinae known as the Cow Pox*) pat ēng chit jī.\n\n1881 nî ê sî, ūi kì-liam Jenner, Hoat-kok ê ha̍k-chiá Louis Pasteur thê chhut ēng chit jī lâi piáu-ta̍t só͘-ū sin khai-hoat ê ū-hông chiap-chèng.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. ↑ Ogawa Naoyosi, pian. (1931). \"疫痘\". *Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten* 臺日大辭典 [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*] (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí).\n2. ↑ John Macgowan (1883). \"Vaccine\". *English and Chinese dictionary of the Amoy dialect* (ēng Eng-gí).\n3. ↑ Baxby, Derrick (1999). \"Edward Jenner's Inquiry; a bicentenary analysis\". *Vaccine*. **17** (4): 301–7. doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00207-2. PMID 9987167.\n4. ↑ Pasteur, Louis (1881). \"Address on the Germ Theory\". *Lancet*. **118** (3024): 271–2. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)35739-8.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Ū-hông chiap-chèng\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85141718\n* GND: 4026655-2\n* BNF: cb119349107 (data)\n* NDL: 00574137\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"E̍k-chu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[535,1490,0.35906040268456374],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1891}} -{"text":"**Tiat-ha̍k** chit-ê sû sī tùi Ji̍t-pún Hàn-jī-sû 哲学 (てつがく) lâi--ê, lēng-goā Hi-lia̍p-gí ê **φιλοσοφια** sī \"tùi tì-hūi ê ài\" ê ì-sù, Hi-lia̍p-gí ê chit-ê jī sī Tek-gí ê *Philosophie*, Hoat-gí ê *philosophie* hām Eng-gí *philosophy* ê kiōng-tông lâi-goân.\n\nTiat-ha̍k ê ì-sù chin-chē:\n\n* Kò-jîn khoàⁿ chit-ê sè-kài ia̍h-sī sè-kài bó·-mi̍h mi̍h-kiāⁿ / tāi-chì ê hong-sek.\n* Bat o̍h-koè án-choáⁿ su-khó ê lâng sò· siūⁿ--chhut-lâi ê kui-thò· ê koan-liām hē-thóng.\n* Gián-kiù thiu-siōng koan-liām ê ha̍k-būn.\n\nChit-phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ só· kóng ê tiat-ha̍k sī kóng gián-kiù tiat-ha̍k chit-ê ha̍k-kho ê ha̍k-chiá (tiat-ha̍k-ka) in kú-tn̂g teh chò su-khó ê hiah-ê koan-liām (ha̍k-būn).\n\nTéng-koân kóng chiah-ê koan-liām í-keng chiâⁿ-chò 1-ê chin-toā ê tì-sek kap būn-tê ê hē-thóng--ah. Tiat-ha̍k pún-sin tō ū hun-chò chin-chē lūi, ū ê tiat-ha̍k hē-thóng sī tùi Au-chiu, te̍k-pia̍t sī kó·-chá ê Hi-lia̍p lâi--ê, ū ê sī tùi A-chiu--chhut-lâi-ê, ū ê sī koh pa̍t-ūi--ê.\n\nKi-pún siāu-kài\n---------------\n\nTiat-ha̍k sī 1-khoán thàu-koè su-khó kap mn̄g būn-tê lâi gián-kiù jîn-lūi kap chit-ê sè-kài ê ha̍k-būn. Lēng-goā 1-chióng tiat-ha̍k ê tēng-gī sī \"tùi thiu-siōng koan-liām ê gián-kiù \". Tiat-ha̍k m̄-sī kho-ha̍k ê 1-chióng, in-ūi tiat-ha̍k m̄-sī teh gián-kiù chit-sè-kan ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ kap tāi-chì án-choáⁿ ūn-chok. Ki-pún-siōng, tiat-ha̍k sī thàu-koè hoê-ta̍p chi̍t-koá toā būn-tê, koh tùi he si̍t-chè ê tap-àn chìn-chi̍t-pō· mn̄g khoàⁿ \"ūi-sím-mi̍h / ūi-sím-mi̍h m̄-sī\" chit-khoán ê hong-sek teh chò su-khó.\n\nM̄-koh tiat-ha̍k kap kho-ha̍k ū koan-hē, mā hām chong-kàu ū tī-tāi, tùi kho-ha̍k kap chong-kàu ê chi̍t-koá būn-tê, tiat-ha̍k sīm-chì ē-tàng chò-hoé lâi thê-kiong tap-àn. Ū lâng jīn-ûi tiat-ha̍k sī 1-khoán tī kho-ha̍k kap chong-kàu tiong-kan ê ha̍k-būn, mā ū lâng jīn-ûi tiat-ha̍k èng-kai tio̍h to̍k-li̍p chò gián-kiù, mài ū kau-chhap.\n\nTiat-ha̍k-ka tùi būn-tê ê tap-àn ē-sái kóng sī ngó-hoe cha̍p-sek, tiat-ha̍k kap kho-ha̍k hām chong-kàu bô-kâng, ū-tang-sî-á tùi būn-tê pēng bô chèng-khak ê tap-àn, kan-taⁿ thang kóng chhoē ū khah hó ê tap-àn niā-tiāⁿ.\n\nĒ-kha sī chi̍t-koá tiat-ha̍k ê tiōng-iàu ê būn-tê:\n\n* Sím-mi̍h sī hó, ia̍h-sī kóng sím-mi̍h sī súi--ê?\n* Kám ū Siōng-tè?\n* Lán tī leh ê chit-ê sè-kài kám chiâⁿ-si̍t chûn-chāi?\n* Lâng sī siáⁿ-hoè?\n* Sím-mi̍h sī chin-lí?\n\nTiat-ha̍k ê léng-he̍k kap hun-ki\n--------------------------------\n\nLán ē-tàng kā tiat-ha̍k koh hun-thiah, piàn-chò bô-kāng ê léng-ha̍k he̍k-chiá-sī hun-ki, hun-thiah ê piau-chún sī lán mn̄g ê būn-tê ê hun-lūi. Ē-kha ê pun-pheⁿ tō-sī chiàu ta̍k-lūi ê būn-tê hun-chò kúi-ā-ê léng-he̍k he̍k-sī hun-ki, chiah-ê būn-tê pí téng-koân hiah-ê būn-tê ke chin chiâu-chn̂g. Nā ū 1-thò· thang hoê-tap chiah-ê būn-tê ê tap-àn, lán tō thang kóng he sī 1-thò· \"tiat-ha̍k \". Taⁿ í-keng ū chē-chē tiat-ha̍k tī leh, tō chhin-chhiūⁿ ta̍k-ê lâng tùi ē-bīn chiah-ê būn-tê ê khoàⁿ-hoat lóng koh-iūⁿ kāng-ì-sù. Chóng--sī mā m̄-sī lóng-chóng ê tiat-ha̍k-ka lóng mn̄g kāng-khoán ê būn-tê, ē-kha ê būn-tê kan-taⁿ sī Au-chiu ê tiat-ha̍k-ka kah chia̍p mn̄g--ê\\*\n\n \n\n* **Hêng-jî-siōng-ha̍k**: ū-sî-chūn koh hun-chò pún-thé-lūn (gián-kiù si̍t-thé kap chûn-chāi ê tiat-ha̍k), gián-kiù sim-lêng, kap gián-kiù chong-kàu ê tiat-ha̍k 3-chióng.\n\t+ **Pún-thé-lūn**\n\t\t- Lán só· khoàⁿ ê chit-ê sè-kài tàu-té sī siáⁿ-mi̍h? (Sím-mi̍h sī si̍t-chè--ê?)\n\t\t- Kám ū lán khoàⁿ-ē-tio̍h thiaⁿ-ē-tio̍h í-goā ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ / tāi-chì?\n\t\t- Nā chún bô lâng khoàⁿ-tio̍h tāi-chì hoat-seng, kám tio̍h thang kóng he tāi-chì bô hoat-seng?\n\t\t- Kám ū kî-thaⁿ ê sè-kài? Pí-lūn kóng ū lēng-goā 1-ê sè-kài, tī hia hoat-seng ê tāi-chì hām lán chit-ê sè-kài koh-iūⁿ?\n\t\t- Chò lâng he̍k-chiá-sī oa̍h leh kám ū sím-mi̍h te̍k-pia̍t ê só·-chāi? Nā bô lâi kóng, sī án-choáⁿ ū lâng ē siūⁿ-chò ū?\n\t\t- Sím-mi̍h sī khong-kan? Koh sím-mi̍h sī sî-kan?\n\t+ **Gián-kiù sim-lêng ê tiat-ha̍k**\n\t\t- Sím-mi̍h sī sim / sim-lêng?\n\t\t- Sím-mi̍h sī sin-thé / jio̍k-thé?\n\t\t- Sím-mi̍h sī ì-sek?\n\t\t- Lâng kám ē-sài ka-tī chò koat-tēng? Ia̍h-sī kóng lâng khêng-si̍t kan-taⁿ ē-tàng koat-tēng chò 1-kiāⁿ tāi-chì? ( Lâng kám ū chū-iû ì-hiòng? )\n\t+ **Gián-kiù chong-kàu ê tiat-ha̍k**\n\t\t- Lâng kám ū lêng-hûn?\n\t\t- Kám ū 1-ê chhòng-chō bān-mi̍h ê Siōng-tè?\n* **Jīn-sek-lūn**(tì-sek-lūn)\n\t+ Sím-mi̍h sī tì-sek?\n\t+ Lán sī án-choáⁿ chai-iáⁿ tāi-chì (mi̍h-kiāⁿ), liáu-kái tāi-chì (mi̍h-kiāⁿ)--ê?\n\t+ Sím-mi̍h sī kho-ha̍k?\n\t+ Sím-mi̍h sī chin-lí?\n* **Lûn-lí-ha̍k**\n\t+ Sím-mi̍h sī tio̍h, sím-mi̍h sī m̄-tio̍h? Hó kap pháiⁿ koh sī--siáⁿ\n\t+ Lâng kám ū chi̍t-koá tāi-chì tio̍h chò, koh ū-koá tāi-chì bē-sái chò?\n\t+ Sím-mi̍h sī chèng-gī?\n* **Bí-ha̍k**\n\t+ Sím-mi̍h sī súi?\n\t+ Chiâⁿ-si̍t ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ kám ū súi?\n\t+ Hó ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ kám ū súi?\n\t+ Sím-mi̍h sī gē-su̍t?\n* **Bêng-ha̍k (lūn-lí-ha̍k)**\n\t+ Lán ēng ê jī-sû ê ì-sù sī sím-mi̍h?\n\t+ Lán tio̍h án-choáⁿ chiah ē-tàng ēng 1-khoán hong-sek kā 1-hāng mi̍h-kiāⁿ (1-kiāⁿ tāi-chì) kóng--chhut-lâi, koh kan-taⁿ ū ko·-1-ê ìu-sù?\n\t+ Kám sī lóng-chóng ê koan-liām lóng ū châi-tiāu ēng gí-giân piáu-ta̍t?\n\t+ Sím-mi̍h sī sū-si̍t / chin-lí ?","meta":{"title":"Tiat-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2263,4867,0.46496815286624205],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5821}} -{"text":"Bogdo Khan\n**Bogdo Khan** (Bông-kó͘-gí: ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ, 1869 nî 10 goe̍h 13 ji̍t – 1924 nî 5 goe̍h 20 ji̍t) a̍h-sī **Jebtsundamba Khutuktu 8-sè**, hoat-miâ hō-chòe **Ngawang Losang Chökyi Nyima Tenzin Wongchuk**, sī Se-chōng hu̍t-kàu ê 1-ê Tulku, iû 1874 nî kàu 1924 nî sī Gelug-phài--ê Jebtsundamba Khutuktu kap Bông-kó͘ choè toā--ê chong-kàu léng-tō-jîn.\n\n1912 nî, Hàn-tē (漢地) hoat-seng Sin-hāi Kek-bēng, Boán-chheng bia̍t-bông, i tī Ikh Khüree (kin-á-ji̍t Ulaanbaatar) soan-pò͘ Bông-kó͘ to̍k-li̍p, kiàn-li̍p Tāi Bông-kó͘-kok.\n\n| | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nJebtsundamba Khutuktu (Bogdo Gegeen) |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Öndör Gegeen Zanabazar → Luvsandambiydonmi → Ishdambiynyam → Luvsantüvdenvanchug → Luvsanchültimjigmed → Luvsantüvdenchoyjijaltsan → Agvaanchoyjivanchugperenlaijamts → Agvaanluvsanchoyjindanzanvaanchigbalsambuu → Jambalnamdolchoyjijantsan | Bogdo KhanBogdo Khan |\n| |\n| Se-chōng Hu̍t-kàu   Gelug-phài   Tulku |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Bogdo Khan","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[323,819,0.39438339438339437],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1060}} -{"text":"Walter Henry Medhurst\n**Walter Henry Medhurst** (Hàn-miâ: 麥都思, 1796 nî kàu 1857 nî), Eng-kok Ki-tok-kàu Kong-lí-hoē ê thoân-kàu-sū, Bân-lâm-gí ê kì-chài-chiá. I it-seng ū 40 tang chó-iū ti Tang-lâm-a kap Tiong-kok. I chhut-sì tī London, tī St Paul ê ha̍k-hāu siū kàu-io̍k. I o̍h ìn-soat ê kang-hu. I tùi thoân-kàu ū chhù-bī, chū án-ne tī 1816 hit nî lī-hiong khì kàu Tang-lâm-a Melaka (Má-la̍k-kah). London Thoân-tō-hōe (*London Missionary Society*) àn-sǹg tiàm hia siat 1 ê ìn-soat tiong-sim. I o̍h ē-hiáu Má-lâi-oē, mā bat Hàn-jī kap kúi-nā-chióng Tiong-kok-oē. Tī 1819 nî i chiâⁿ-chò bo̍k-su, khai-sí i ê thoân-kàu seng-gâi. Tú khai-sí tī Penang, sòa--lo̍h-lâi tī Batavia; 1842 nî Chheng-tiâu chhiam tiâu-iok liáu-āu, tō khì tī Siōng-hái, kàu kah 1856 nî. I sêng-kong thè bī-lâi ê thoân-kàu sū-kang pho·-lō·.\n\nTù-chok\n-------\n\n* *A Dictionary of the Hok-këèn Dialect of the Chinese Language: According to the Reading and Colloquial Idioms: Containing about 12,000 Characters* (ISBN 1-86210-067-5)\n\n \n\n\n| **Thoân-kàu-sū** |\n| --- |\n| Alexandre de Rhodes - Robert Morrison - David Abeel - Hudson Taylor \nDorothy Stang - James Laidlaw Maxwell - George Gushue-Taylor - George Leslie Mackay -\nJohn Van Nest Talmage - William Burns - Kam-ûi-lîm (Fil) - Thomas Barclay -\nMatteo Ricci Walter Henry Medhurst - Francis Xavier - |","meta":{"title":"Walter Henry Medhurst","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[393,1172,0.33532423208191126],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1421}} -{"text":"**Tu-chú** (株主), iū-koh kiò **Kó͘-tong**(股東), mā hō-chò tâu-chu-jîn, sī ū tu-sek-hoē-siā(kó͘-hūn kong-si) kó͘-tu ê tâu-chu-jîn.\n\nTu-chú it-poaⁿ ū koân-lī chham-ka tu-chú-chóng-hoē. Iu-sian-tu tī tu-chú-chóng-hoē bô tâu-phiò koân-lī. Hoē-siā ê chhú-thè-ia̍h kap chhú-thè-ia̍h-hoē iû tu-chú-chóng-hoē soán-kí sán-seng.\n\nTī kó͘-hūn kong-si tiong chhî-iú kó͘-hūn ê lâng, i-ê khoân-lī kap chek-jīm ē tī kong-si chiong-têng sè-chek tiong lia̍t-bêng. It-poaⁿ chêng-hóng hā, kó͘-tong ū khoân chhut-se̍k kó͘-tong tāi-hōe, pēng ū piáu-koat-khoân. Kong-si mā ē-tàng hoat-hêng bô tâu-phiò-khoân ê kó͘-hūn hō͘ kó͘-tong, it-poaⁿ hō-chò iu-sian-kó͘. Kó͘-tong mā ū-khó-lêng sī kî-thaⁿ ha̍p-chu keng-êng ê kang-siong khì-gia̍p ê tâu-chu-chiá. Kong-si ê si̍t-chè keng-êng-chiá sī iû kó͘-tong tāi-hōe só͘ soán chhut ê táng-sū cho͘-sêng táng-sū-hōe, iû táng-sū-hōe phèng-soán chhut keng-êng thoân-tūi, mā ū kó͘-tong ia̍h táng-sū jīm-iōng ka-kī chhin-cho̍k keng-êng ê ka-cho̍k khì-gia̍p.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85128216\n* GND: 4000947-6\n* NDL: 00564374\n* NKC: ph436054\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tu-chú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[71,1064,0.06672932330827068],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1287}} -{"text":"\n**Andes Soaⁿ-me̍h** sī lio̍k-tē siāng-siōng-chhiâng ê soaⁿ-me̍h, tī lâm-bí-chiu ê sai-hoāⁿ, hoān-ûi tùi Pa-ná-má it-ti̍t-kàu Tì-lī. \n\nAndes Soaⁿ-me̍h ê khoan pêng-kin sī 241 kong-lí, siōng-khoaⁿ chhù tī Arica tio̍h Santa-Cruz chi-kan, khoaⁿ-iok-750 kong-lí. Kui-ê soaⁿ-me̍h ê pêng-kin hái-poa̍t 3660 bí, ū chin-choē ko-hong chiong-nî chek-seh, hái-poa̍t chhiau-koè 6000 bí. \n\nTióng-iok 7500 kong-lí, sī Hí-má-la̍h-ngá Soaⁿ-me̍h ê saⁿ-poē, mā-sī lio̍k-tē siāng-siōng-chhiâng ê soaⁿ-me̍h, ùi-ūi tī hái-ē kap tē-siōng choè-tn̂g ê soaⁿ-me̍h tiong-iûⁿ-chit (tióng-iok-80000 kong-lí). \n\nIû pe̍h ò͘-khí sî-tāi hêng-sêng ê hoe kang giâm cho͘-sêng, sī lâm-ke̍k chiu pán teh-chè-ap chih khek lâm-bí pán teh sî só͘ lēng khí ê, sio̍k tāi-iûⁿ tē-khak. ha̍k-chiá jīn-ûi, koè-khì ê 2800-bān nî keng, iû tē-khak ūn-tōng chō-sêng ê hoé-soaⁿ po̍k-hoat kap toē-tín, kā an toē-si soaⁿ-me̍h ê ko-tō͘ thê-seng 1500 bí. \n\nAndes Soaⁿ-me̍h khòng bah hong-hù, te̍k-pia̍t sī tâng khòng, sè-kài siōng toā--ê toē-ē tâng khòng chhái khòng-tiûⁿ chiū tī chit ê soaⁿ-me̍h tiong, chāi-tē té chhim ta̍t 1200 bí, chhái-khòng khiⁿ-tō chóng-tiúⁿ chhiau-koè 2000 kong-lí.","meta":{"title":"Andes Soaⁿ-me̍h","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[114,1250,0.0912],"infobox":["
    Andes Soaⁿ-me̍h
    \nSe-pan-gâ-gí: Cordillera de los Andes
    \n
    Geography
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    Kok-ka\n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1309}} -{"text":"**Kiú-liông-kang** (九龍江), Hok-kiàn-séng tē-jī tōa ê khe, sī iû **Sai-khe** kah **Pak-khe** chit 2-tiâu siāng-kài chú-iàu ê chi-liû chó·-sêng.\n\nKó·-tián\n--------\n\nKūn-kù Liông-khe Kōan-chì ê kì-chài, Liông-khe-kōan (chit-chūn ê Liông-hái-chhī) kiān kōan tī **Lâm-tiâu Niû-bú tè Tāi-tông 6 nî** (kong-gôan 540 nî), thiaⁿ-í-kóng hit-chūn-á ū lâng khòaⁿ tio̍h **9 bóe liông tiàm khe-á lāi leh sńg-chúi**, in-ūi chit-ê kó·-tián ê koan-hē, lō·-bóe Chiang-chiu chit-ê só·-chāi soah chôan hō·-miâ kiò-chò **Liông-khe**. Hiān-chú-sî, lâi-kàu Pak-khe Liông-thâm chit-ê só·-chāi, (tī Hôa-an-kōan Hong-san-tīn) iáu-koh ē-tàng khòaⁿ tio̍h soaⁿ-khàm ê chio̍h-piah téng khek tio̍h \"九龍戲江處\" chit-5-ê tōa jī. Khó-kiàn, Liông-khe-kōan kah Kiú-liông-kang chit-2-ê tē-hō· miâ ê lâi-le̍k, sī kāng-khóan--ê.\n\nHiang-kang\n----------\n\nLe̍k-sú-siōng, chi̍t-kóa-á Chiang-chiu ê tha̍k-chheh-lâng kā Kiú-liông-kang kiò-chò \"Hiang-kang\" (薌江). **Bêng-tiâu Hông-bú 23 nî** ( 1630 nî ) ê tiong-kan, chāi-tē-lâng Iûⁿ Gàn-chiong (楊彥章) kah Âng Kan (洪干) hiàng Chiang-chiu tī-hú kah Liông-khe tī-kōan siāng-su, iau-kiû kiàn \"Hiang-kang Su-īⁿ\" (薌江書院), tit-tio̍h phoe-chùn. Hiang-kang Su-īⁿ chit-keng hàn-o̍h-á (o̍h-tn̂g) tī **Bêng, Chheng** 2 ê tiâu-tāi lâi kóng, ôan-á chiâⁿ chhut-miâ tī--leh. Āu--lâi, \"Hiang-kang\" chit-ê miâ soah piàn-chòe Kiú-liông-kang ê pia̍t-chheng, liáu-āu iu-koh ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á chiâⁿ-chòe Chiang-chiu chit-ê tē-hō· ê phiau-chì.","meta":{"title":"Kiú-liông-kang","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1368,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1604}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?N̂g-cheng-hoe |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Liliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Scrophulariales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Bignoniaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Tecoma* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***T. stans*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Tecoma stans***(L.) Juss. ex Kunth |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**N̂g-cheng-hoe** (Hàn-jī: 黃鐘花, Eng-gí: yellow bell, ha̍k-miâ: *Tecoma stans*) kui-sio̍k-tī Chí-ui-kho (紫葳科, Bignoniaceae), sī siông-le̍k koàn-bo̍k.\n\nHêng-thài\n---------\n\nHio̍h-á sī khia-sò· ú-chōng ho̍k-hio̍h, sió-hio̍h 11 kàu 17 hio̍h, kì-á-khí pian-iân.\n\nHoe sī n̂g-sek, hoe-koan lāu-á-hêng, 5 li̍h; hoe-go̍k sī lêng-liang-hêng; ho̍k-îⁿ-chui hoe-sū, téng-seng; hoe-kî tn̂g.\n\nKoé-chí sī sok-kó.\n\nHun-pò·\n-------\n\nGoân-pún seⁿ tī Lâm Bí-chiu.\n\nThoàⁿ-chéng ê hoat-tō·\n----------------------\n\nChhian-chhah-hoat he̍k iā-chéng-chí-hoat. Chhun-thiⁿ kap chhiu-thiⁿ sī chhian-chhah siāng-tú-hó ê sî-chūn.\n\nIōng-tô·\n--------\n\nPhûn-chai he̍k hoe-hn̂g khoàⁿ-súi ê chhiū-á. \n\n* \n*","meta":{"title":"N̂g-cheng-hoe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[185,798,0.23182957393483708],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1169}} -{"text":"\nYodŏk siu-iông-só͘Yodŏk siu-iông-só͘ ê ūi.\n**Yodŏk chi̍p-tiong-iâⁿ** (耀德集中營) ia̍h-sī **Yodŏk chèng-tī-hoān siu-iông-só͘** (耀德政治犯收容所, Hân-gí: 요덕 정치범수용소 *Yodŏk Che Sibo-ho Kwalliso*), chiàⁿ-miâ **15 Hō Koán-lí-só͘** (15 號管理所), sī Pak Tiâu-sián kok-lāi ê chi̍t keng chèng-tī chi̍p-tiong-iâⁿ, tī Hamgyŏng Pak-tō (咸鏡北道) Yodŏk Kūn (耀德郡).\n\nKù Bí-kok Kok-bū-iⁿ (國務院) hōaⁿ-sǹg (扞算), koaiⁿ tī hia--ê chèng-tī-hoān ū 15 kàu 20 bān lâng. Tī 1990 nî-tāi, hit chō iâⁿ ū 30000 lâng ài koaiⁿ kui-sì-lâng, lēng-gōa ū 16500 lâng ū-tè bô-tēng-sî hō͘-lâng tháu-pàng. In tōa-pòaⁿ sī ùi Ji̍t-pún sàng-tńg--khì Pak-hân--ê kiâu-bîn.\n\nChi̍t keng iâⁿ ē bô-tèng-sî sek-hòng (釋放) kúi-ê--á hoān-jîn, tì-chhú (致此) sī Pak-tiâu-sián ê chi̍p-tiong-iâⁿ tiong, i sī koaiⁿ-kaⁿ-chiá (關監者) seng-chûn-lu̍t (生存率) khah koân--ê.\n\nChhut-miâ--ê tháu-pàng-chiá\n---------------------------\n\n* An Hyŏk (安赫)\n* Kang Ch'ŏl-hwan (姜哲煥)\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Yodŏk kò͘-sū (耀德故事)\n* P'yŏngyang Chúi-cho̍k-kóan (平壤水族館)","meta":{"title":"Yodŏk chèng-tī-hoān siu-iông-só͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[98,947,0.10348468848996832],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1138}} -{"text":"Khó͘ Oán-tong\n**Khó͘ Oán-tong** (許遠東, 1927 nî 5 goe̍h 22 ji̍t – 1998 nî 2 goe̍h 16 ji̍t) sī Tâi-oân ê kim-hiông-ka, chêng Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok tiong-iong gîn-hâng ê chóng-chhâi.\n\nI tī 1998 nî tī khong-lān tiong koè-sin.\n\nChhut-sin\n---------\n\nKhó͘ Oán-tong ê lāu-pē sī Khó͘ Kok-siông (國祥); Lāu-bú sī Ong Gio̍k-hio̍h (翁玉葉). Kok-siông sī Tek-lâm Iâm-koán-chiân (鹽館前) ê lâng. I chó͘-sian sī tùi Chiang-chiu Ke-hái (圭海) kòe Tâi-oân--ê. Ka-cho̍k goân-pún sī tī Tek-lâm tē-hng keng-êng thn̂g-gia̍p kap pò͘-liāu seng-lí ê tē-chú, m̄-koh tī Kok-siông ê lāu-pē A-mūi (阿昧) ê sî-kî tio̍h í-keng soe-jio̍k. Kok-siông 14-hòe sî pē-bú lóng kòe-sin, Tong Kok-siông 18-hòe tng teh thak Tâi-tiong Tiong-ha̍k-hāu ê sî, i-ê kong-má ia̍h Khó͘ Chheng-bûn (清文) kap Tân--sī ia̍h kòe-óng--khì. Kok-siông tio̍h lî-khui ha̍k-hāu tī chhù lāi chú-chhî ka-sán kap sū-bū. Kok-siôn chē pái keng-gêng sū-gia̍p lóng bô sáⁿ sêng-kong, liáu-āu kòe Tang-kiaⁿ. \n\n1927 nî 5 goe̍h 22, kū-le̍k 4 goe̍h 15, tong Kok-siông tī Tang-kiaⁿ ê sî-chūn, lâu ùi Tek-lâm ê Gio̍k-hio̍h seⁿ--lo̍h-lâi Oán-tong. I sī chhù-lāi tē-3-ê gín-á, ia̍h sī tióng-lâm, tī i chìn-chêng ū nn̄g-ê a-chí. 9 goe̍h sî, kui-ke tio̍h sóa kòe Tâi-pak Báng-kah. Kàu 1934 nî, Kó͘--sī ji̍p Liông-san-sī ê o̍h-tông tha̍k Hàn-bûn; 1935 nî 4 goe̍h, ji̍p Liông-san Kong-ha̍k-hāu. I kong-ha̍k-hāu chut-gia̍p liáu-āu, tī 1941 nî khó ji̍p Tâi-pak-chiu-li̍p Tē-jī Tiong-ha̍k. Tī Tē-jī Tiong-ha̍k ê sî-kî Khó͘--sī sek-sāi pêng-iú Tân Ho̍k-seng, tiāⁿ tòe Tân--sī kap kî-tha tông-o̍h tī Tiúⁿ-ló-kàu-hōe ê Báng-kah Kàu-hōe chhut-ji̍p, chóng-sī i m̄-bat siū-sé.\n\nTāi-ha̍k sî-kî\n--------------\n\nJī-chhù Tāi-chiàn tú kiat-sok ê sî-chūn, Khó͘--sī mā tng goân-sêng tiong-o̍h, khó ji̍p tong-sî tú tùi Tâi-pak Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k kái-chè ê Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k (Tâi-tāi), m̄-koh kàu tāi-ha̍k jī-nî ê sî, chhù-lâi ê keng-chè bô-hoat-tō͘ chi-chhî, i chiō siu-ha̍k kòe Liông-san Kok-bîn Ha̍k-hāu kà-chheh, bô lōa-kú koh sin-chhéng kong-hùi têng ji̍p tāi-ha̍k. Tha̍k Tâi-tāi ê sî-kî, i lēng-gōa mā tī tong-sî Iân-pêng Tāi-ha̍k o̍h hoat-lu̍t. 1949 nî ê 9 goe̍h 2 ji̍t, Khó͘--sī in-ūi koan-sia̍p tio̍h Ke-lâng-chhī Kang-chok-úi-oân-hōe àn-kiāⁿ, hō͘ Pó-bi̍t-kio̍k lia̍h cháu, tāi-seng tī Kun-hoat-chhù koaiⁿ 2 kò gōa goe̍h, liáu-āu hông sóa kòe Sing-seng-tūi (新生隊), siū an-pâi siōng Sam-bîn-chú-gī téng khò-têng. Khó͘-sī tī 1951 nî 3 goe̍h hông sek-hòng. Liáu-āu i kè-sio̍k tī Tâi-tāi kàu 1952 nî 6 goe̍h the̍h tio̍h hoat-ha̍k-sū chut-gia̍p.\n\nHa̍p-chok Kim-khò͘ sî-kî\n------------------------\n\nKhó͘ Oán-tong siū chhù-piⁿ N̂g Kim-sūi ê kài-siāu kap N̂g Bián-bián (黃免浼) kau-óng tang-gōa liáu-āu, tī 1957 nî 1 goe̍h 20 ji̍t kiat-hun.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n* 許秋暘 & 盧世祥 (2010). *台灣紳士許遠東*. 允晨文化. ISBN 978-986-6274-23-7.\n\n1. ↑ 沈懷玉 (2005). \"基隆市工委會案\". *線上台灣歷史辭典*. 遠流出版事業/智慧藏學習科技.","meta":{"title":"Khó͘ Oán-tong","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[146,2702,0.0540340488527017],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3190}} -{"text":"Éng-kiú-khí, tùi chiàⁿ-pêng piⁿ-á khoàⁿ\nChiàⁿ-pêng ē-kha ê éng-kiú-khí, tùi koân-téng khoàⁿ\n**Sió-āu-chan** sī ūi-tì tī kak-khí kap toā-āu-chan chi-kan chhùi-khí. Tī jîn-lūi, múi-chi̍t-ê quadrant ū 2 ki sió-āu-chan, kui-chhùi chóng-kiōng ū 8 ki. In siāng-bô ū 2 ê kā-lūn. Sió-āu-chan tī pō͘-mi̍h (*mastication*) kong-lêng hō͘-lâng jīm-ûi sī koè-tō͘ ê kha-siàu. Tī pō͘-mi̍h ê sî-chūn, chia̍h-mi̍h tùi kak-khí ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á î-soá kah sió-āu-chan, soa̍h-lo̍h-lâi koh soa̍h-khì toā-āu-chan géng-boa̍h. Sió-āu-chan kiam-khū thâu-chêng-khí kak-khí kap āu-piah-khí tōa-āu-chan ê kong-lêng. \n\nJîn-lūi ê sió-āu-chan ū téng-ham tē-it éng-kiú sió-āu-chan, téng-ham tē-jī éng-kiú sió-āu-chan, ē-ham tē-it éng-kiú sió-āu-chan, kap ē-ham tē-jī éng-kiú sió-āu-chan. \n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nGê-khí kái-phòa-ha̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Beng-miâ-hoat | \n* Glossary of dentistry\n* Universal Numbering System\n\n |\n| |\n| Lâng ê chhùi-khí | \n* Éng-kiú-khí\n\t+ Mn̂g-khí\n\t+ Kak-khí\n\t+ Sió-āu-chan\n\t+ Āu-chan\n* Ni-khí\n\n |\n| |\n| Siōng-go̍k-kut ê chhùi-khí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mn̂g-khí | \n* Chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí\n* Lateral incisor\n* Canine\n\n |\n| |\n| Sió-āu-chan | \n* First premolar\n* Second premolar\n\n |\n| |\n| Āu-chan | \n* First molar\n* Second molar\n* Tē-3 tōa-kiū-khí\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Hā-go̍k-kut ê chhùi-khí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mn̂g-khí | \n* Central incisor\n* Lateral incisor\n* Canine\n\n |\n| |\n| Sió-āu-chan | \n* First premolar\n* Second premolar\n\n |\n| |\n| Āu-chan | \n* First molar\n* Second molar\n* Tē-3 tōa-kiū-khí\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Chhùi-khí ê kok-pō͘-hūn | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Crown | \n* Cusp\n\t+ Cusp of Carabelli\n* Zuckerkandl's tubercle\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Khí-chhoé\n* Kin-kńg tī-liâu\n\t+ Apical foramen\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Cementoenamel junction\n* Khí-iū-chit\n* Dental-enamel junction\n* Khí-pún-chit\n* Dental papilla\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Mamelon\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Dental alveolus\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Sió-āu-chan","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[704,1483,0.47471341874578554],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2444}} -{"text":"Tâi-oân soán-kí tâu-phiò ê choan-iōng ìn-á\n**Tâi-oân ê soán-kí** sī ùi 1930 nî-tāi ê Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi khai-sí. Bo̍k-chiân ê soán-kí chè-tō͘ kap kè-kò͘ lâi-chū *Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Hiàn-hoat*, kî-tiong tē-jī chiuⁿ *Jîn-bîn chi Khoân-lī Gī-bū* tē-17 tiâu chài-bêng jîn-bîn ū soán-kí, pā-bián, chhòng-chè kap ho̍k-koat ê khoân-lī, lēng-gōa i iā tī *Kok-bîn Tāi-hōe*, *Li̍p-hoat*, *Kàm-chhat*, *Tē-hng Chū-tī Chè-tō͘*, *Séng-koān* kap *Soán-kí* téng siong-koan chiuⁿ-chat tiong, thê-kiong Tâi-oân soán-kí ê bó-hoat kin-goân. 1991 nî 4 goe̍h khí, Tâi-oân keng-le̍k 7 pái siu-hiàn, siu-hiàn liáu-āu ê *Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Hiàn-hoat Cheng-siu Tiâu-bûn* chiâⁿ-chòe Tâi-oân soán-kí ê lēng-gōa chi̍t ê hoat-lí ki-chhó͘. Lēng-gōa, Tâi-oân tī 2003 nî té chiâⁿ-chòe Tang A-sè-a tē-it ê li̍p-hoat pó-chiòng kong-bîn tâu-phiò-khoân ê tē-khu, chiàu *Kong-bîn Tâu-phiò Hoat* chìn-hêng ê kong-bîn tâu-phiò iā sio̍k tī kóng-gī soán-kí kap ti̍t-chiap bîn-khoân ê chi̍t khoân. Ti̍t-chiap bîn-soán ê chóng-thóng kap kok-hōe sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chú-khoân to̍k-li̍p chū-chú, chèng-tī chū-iû bîn-chú, siā-hōe khai-hòng chìn-pō͘, chèng-hú i-hoat hêng-chèng, choân-bîn kàm-tok chèng-hú si-chèng kap kong-po̍k piáu-hiān ê tiōng-iàu siōng-teng kap hong-sek.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân ê soán-kí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1199,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1388}} -{"text":"Chá-kî Tâi-oân\n--------------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Tâi-oân sú-chêng sî-tāi\nIt-poaⁿ ê khòaⁿ-hoat sī tī 50,000 nî í-chêng Tâi-oân tio̍h ū lâng tòa. M̄-koh, chia-ê chá-kî ê chū-bîn lâu-lo̍h-lâi ê mi̍h bô chin-chōe. Hiān-chhú-sî lán kóng ê Tâi-ôan goân-chū-bîn àn jîn-lūi-ha̍k ê kak-tō͘ sī lâm-tó-gí-cho̍k ê.\n\nHô͘-lân kap Se-pan-gâ sî-tāi\n----------------------------\n\n: Hô-lân ê Formosa kap Se-pan-gâ ê Formosa\n\nTeⁿ-sì chèng-koân sî-tāi\n------------------------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Tēⁿ-sī chèng-kôan\n\nChheng-kok sî-tāi\n-----------------\n\nTâi-oân Chheng-kok sî-tāi\n\nJı̍t-pún sî-tāi\n---------------\n\n: Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok kap Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi\n1894 nî, Tāi-chheng kah Ji̍t-pún in-ūi Tiâu-sián būn-tê hoat-seng Kah-ngó͘ chiàn-cheng. Tāi-chheng chiàn-pāi, 1895 nî Tâi-oân koah-hō͘ Ji̍t-pún.\n\nChiàn-āu\n--------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Chiàn-āu ê Tâi-oân\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Tâi-oân le̍k-sú nî-pió\n* Ko-hiông le̍k-sú\n\nSòaⁿ-téng chu-gôan\n------------------\n\n* kū-pán","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân le̍k-sú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[274,1037,0.26422372227579555],"infobox":["
    Tâi-oân le̍k-sú
    \n\"Tâi-oân
    \nTâi-oân le̍k-sú nî-pió
    \nSú-chêng sî-tāi
    Hô-lân léng Formosa
    Se-pan-gâ léng Hermosa
    Tang-lêng-kok
    Chheng léng Tâi-oân
    Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok
    Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi
    Chiàn-āu Tâi-oân
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1085}} -{"text":"Hô-lân Tang-ìn-tō͘ Kong-si tī 1623 nî hoat-hêng ê kó͘-phiò.\n**Tu-sek** (株式), mā hō chò **kó͘-hūn** (股份), sī chi̍t hāng sū-gia̍p (pau-koat kong-si kap ha̍p-chok-siā téng-téng) siū tâu-chu chóng-gia̍h ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. \n\nPiáu-sī chiàm-iú tu-sek ê chèng-kǹg kiò **kó͘-phiò** (he̍k-chiá **tu-kǹg**), sī chi̍t chióng iú-kè chèng-kǹg, ē-tàng (m̄-koh bô it-tēng ài) tī kong-khai ê chhī-tiûⁿ téng kau-e̍k. Hoat-hêng kó͘-phiò sī kong-si bō͘-chi̍p chu-kim ê chi̍t chióng hong-hoat. Ū-sî, lâng kóng ê \"kó͘-phiò\" tio̍h-sī \"kó͘-hūn\" ê ì-sù. Jî-chhiá in-ùi chèng-kǹg tiān-chú-hòa ê hoat-tián, niá ū kó͘-phiò ê lâng bô it-tēng ài theh kó͘-phiò chóa.\n\nTu-sek ê só͘-iú-chiá hō-chòe tu-chú (株主, mā kiò kó͘-tong, kó͘-chú, kó͘-kha), ē-tàng hun-phòe tio̍h siu-ek, iā-chiū-sī phòe-tong (配當, mā kiò kó͘-lī). Tu-sek chiàm siōng chē ê toā tu-chú hō-choè kó͘-thâu.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑\n2. ↑","meta":{"title":"Tu-sek","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[4,873,0.004581901489117984],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1044}} -{"text":"**Khó͘ Siah-khiam** (許錫謙) 1915 nî–1947 nî, Sam-bîn-chú-gī Chheng-liân-thoân Hoa-liân hun-thoân kó͘-tiúⁿ. I sī Tâi-oân 228 Sū-kiāⁿ siū-lān-chiá chi-it, tī 1947 nî hōng àn Tâi-pa̍k phiàn--tǹg-lâi, tī poàn-lō͘ thâi--sí.\n\nKhó͘ Siah-khiam, Hoa-liân lâng, sī Hoa-liân ê toā hó-gia̍h-lâng Khó͘ Liú-ki (許柳枝) ê ko͘-kiáⁿ. 1931 nî kap Ông Bò͘-kheng, Tiuⁿ Chhun-bo̍k cho͘-chit Tâi-oân Keng-chè Goā-kau-hoē, sio̍k Tâi-oân Bîn-chiòng-tóng ê hē-thóng. Chiàn-āu chò Sam-bîn-chú-gī Chheng-liân-thoân Hoa-liân hun-thoân kó͘-tiúⁿ. Mā bat chò *Chheng-liân Chiu-khan*, *Chheng-liân-pò* kap *Thoân-hùn-chiu-khan* ê pian-chip.\n\nJī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ ê sî, in cho͘-chit Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ Chhú-lí Úi-oân-hoē, i chò chóng-chí-hui. Tī in ê koat-gī lâi-tè ū kóng tio̍h \"bē-sái ū lâu-hoè sū-kiāⁿ, ài hô-pêng lâi kái-koat chèng-tī ê būn-tê\"[*bô chhut-chhù*]. Kok-bîn-tóng ê kun-tūi lâi Tâi-oân liáu-āu, Khó͘ Siah-khiam bih tī teh Tâi-pak. Hoa-liân ê Koān-tiúⁿ kap Hiàn-peng-tūi-tiúⁿ kiò in a-chek kā kiò--tńg-lâi, kóng ē bô tāi-chì, soah tī poàn-lō͘ ê Lâm-hong-ò hōng thâi--sì.","meta":{"title":"Khó͘ Siah-khiam","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1036,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1190}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\n**Khóo Kuan-kia̍t** (**許冠傑**; **Hui Koon-kit**; **Sam Hui**; 1948/09/06-), phian-miâ **A Sam** (阿Sam), sī khah-tsá Hiong-káng tsin tshut-miâ ê tshòng-tsok kua-tshiú.\n\nTī 1970 nî-tāi tsìn-tsîng, tuā-pōo-hūn ê Hiong-káng-lâng lóng kám-kak Ua̍t-gí liû-hîng kua-khik (粵語流行歌曲) tsin thóo-sông, tong-sî Hiong-káng sī Eng-gí kua kah Tâi-uân ê Huâ-gí kua khah sî-kiânn. 1971 nî, Khóo Kuan-kia̍t tuì Hiong-káng tāi-ha̍k (香港大學) pit-gia̍p, khai-sí iōng Ua̍t-gí (粵語) tshiùnn-tshut tsin tsē khau-sé tong-sî Hiong-káng siā-huē hiān-tsōng ê liû-hîng kua. Tsia--ê liû-hîng kua tsin tsē lóng sī i ka-kī siá ê kua-sû, tshin-tshiūnn *半斤八兩*, *賣身契*, *打雀英雄傳*, *搵嘢做*. Khóo Kuan-kia̍t khai-sí tshòng-tsok Ua̍t-gí kua liáu-āu, Ua̍t-gí liû-hîng kua mā khai-sí liû-hîng, i in-tshú hōo lâng hō-tsò **Hiong-káng kua-tuânn thian-ông kī-tshenn** (香港歌壇天王巨星), **Hiong-káng liû-hîng im-ga̍k tsóo-su** (香港流行音樂祖師) kah **Kua-sîn** (歌神). Tû-liáu tshiùnn-kua, i mā hām Khóo Kuan-bûn (許冠文) kah Khóo Kuan-ing (許冠英) tàu-tīn ián tiān-iánn, *賣身契*, *半斤八兩* kah *鬼馬雙星*, sann lâng hōo lâng hō-tsò **Khóo--sī sann hiann-tī** (許氏三兄弟).","meta":{"title":"Khó͘ Koan-kia̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[698,1747,0.3995420721236405],"infobox":["
    Sam Hui
    \n(Hàn-gí)
    \n\"Sam
    Sam Hui in 2009
    Tshut-sì\n1948 nî 9 goe̍h 6 ji̍t （1948-09-06）(74 hòe)
    Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
    Other names\nHui Koon-kit, Samuel Hui
    Education\nThe University of Hong Kong (B.SocSc., 1971)
    Tsit-gia̍p\n
    • Musician
    • singer
    • songwriter
    • record producer
    • actor
    Years active\n1967–1992
    2003–present
    Children\n2
    Relatives\n
    Awards\nPang-bô͘:Awards
    \nIm-ga̍k sū-gia̍p
    Goā-hō\nGod of Songs (歌神), Brother Sam
    Chhut-tō͘\ntī Hong Kong
    Im-ga̍k Lūi-hêng\nCantopop, Hong Kong English pop
    Ga̍k-khì\n
    • Vocals
    • guitar
    • harmonica
    • violin
    • piano
    • sanxian
    • drums
    Chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ kong-si\nDiamond Records (1967)
    Polydor (1971–1983)
    Contec Sound (1983–1985)
    Cinepoly Records (1985–1990)
    PolyGram (1990–1992)
    IEC (2007–present)
    Website\nwww.samhuiofficial.com
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1252}} -{"text":"\n**İstanbul ki-tiûnn** (türk-gú: İstanbul Havalimanı, IATA: IST, ICAO: LTFM; İstanbul ki-tiûñ) sī tsi̍t-tsō khiā-tī Türkiye İstanbul tsú-iàu ê kok-tsè ki-tiûnn. İstanbul ki-tiûnn ê tē-lí uī-tì sī khiā tī Türkiye kok-ka Au-tsiu hit pîng tsi Arnavutköy khu [en].\n\nTeh siong-gia̍p kheh-ūn Atatürk ki-tiûnn pì-só tīng-kî hâng-pan liáu-āu, sóo-ū tīng-kî siong-gia̍p kheh-ūn hâng-pan tī 2019-nî 4-gue̍h 6-ji̍t uì Atatürk ki-tiûnn tsuán-î kàu İstanbul ki-tiûnn. IATA ki-tiûnn tāi-bé IST mā hông tsuán-î kàu sin ki-tiûnn.\n\nİstanbul ki-tiûnn tī 2021-nî uī-tio̍h tshiau-kuè 3700 bān miâ lâng-kheh the̍h-kiong ho̍k-bū, hōo i tsiânn-tsò Au-tsiu siōng bô-îng ê ki-tiûnn hām sè-kài tē-13 tuā bô-îng ê ki-tiûnn (án tsóng kheh-ūn liōng kè-sǹg); pīng-tshiánn thong-kuè uī-tio̍h tshiau-kuè 2700 bān miâ kok-tsè lâng-kheh the̍h-kiong ho̍k-bū, tsiânn-tsò sè-kài tē-2 bô-îng ê ki-tiûnn teh kok-tsè kheh-ūn liōng hong-bīn.\n\nLi̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Puē-kíng\n\nAtatürk ki-tiûnn sī Au-tsiu siōng bô-îng êki-tiûnn tsi-it. Uì 2013-nî í-lâi, Atatürk ki-tiûnn it-ti̍t khiā-tī Au-tsiu kheh-ūn liōng siōng bô-îng ê 5-ê ki-tiûnn tsi-lia̍t. Tī 2017-nî, Atatürk ki-tiûnn hām İstanbul ê līng-guā tsi̍t-ê kok-tsè ki-tiûnn Sabiha Gökçen lóng-tsóng tsiap-thāi tshiau-kuè 1 ik miâ lâng-kheh. sio-pí tsi-hā, London tē-khu ê 6-ê ki-tiûnn ta̍k-nî ho̍k-bū tshiau-kuè 1.5 ik jîn-tshù; teh Paris tē-khu ê 3-ê ki-tiûnn ta̍k-nî ho̍k-bū tāi-iok 1 ik jîn-tshù.\n\nIû-î Atatürk ki-tiûnn sann-bīn hōo siânn-tshī pau-uî, Līng-guā tsi̍t hong-bīn hōo Marmara hái [en] pau-uî, in-tshú bô-huat-tōo khok-kiàn í-lâi buán-tsiok ta̍k-kang tsing-ka ê su-kiû. Sabiha Gökçen buán hū-也 hū-tam ūn-tsuán. Kuat-tīng teh uán-lî siânn-tshī ê sóo-tsāi kiàn-tsō tsi̍t-ê sin ki-tiûnn, í-lâi khak-pó ū tsiok-gia̍h ê khong-kan.\n\nUī-tì\n-----\n\nKuat-tīng teh thong-óng İstanbul tiong-pōo í-pak ê Arnavutköy [en], Göktürk [en] kah Çatalca ê tō-lōo kau-tshe-kháu í-ki̍p oo-hái iân-huānn siânn-tìn Yeniköy [tr], Tayakadın kah Akpınar tsi-kan kiàn-tsō ê sin ki-tiûnn. Tsit-ê tē-khu khiā-tī Terkos ôo hù-kīn, tsiàm-tē 7,600 kong-khíng (19,000 ). Tsit-ê tē-khu tāi-iok ū 6,172 kong-khíng (15,250 ing-bóo) uî kok-iu sim-lîm. İstanbul ki-tiûnn hām Atatürk ki-tiûnn tsi-kan ê kū-lî tāi-iok uî 35 km (22 ing-lí). Tsit-ê tē-khu pau-kuat kū-ê lōo-thian muî-khòng, āu-lâi thūn-muá thôo-jióng.\n\nKin-kì 2013-nî 4-gue̍h huat-pòo ê khuân-kíng íng-hióng phîng-kóo [en] (ÇED) pò-kò, tsit-ê tē-khu lóng-tsóng ū 2,513,341 tsâng tshiū-á, kî-tiong 657,950 tsâng su-iàu tshò-tiāu, 1,855,391 tsâng ê tshiū-á tō beh hông suá-kàu sin-ê sóo-tsai. M̄-kuh, sim-lîm hām tsuí tsu-guân kuán-lí-pōo sing-tshing tsám-tshò hām puann-suá tshâ-tshiū ê khak-tshiat sòo-liōng kan-na teh si-kang uân-sîng liáu-āu tsiah-ē kong-pòo.\n\nTôo-siōng\n---------\n\n* Hâng-tsām tāi-hā guā-pōoHâng-tsām tāi-hā guā-pōo\n* Ji̍p-kháu khuJi̍p-kháu khu\n* Hâng-tsām tāi-hā lāi-pōoHâng-tsām tāi-hā lāi-pōo\n* Hâng-tsām lāi-pōoHâng-tsām lāi-pōo\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Flightradar24. \"Istanbul Airport (IST/LTFM) | Arrivals, Departures & Routes\". Flightradar24. 2022-08-05 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ \"Istanbul Airport, 'world's new hub,' officially opened\". *www.aa.com.tr*.  (Eng-gí)\n3. ↑ \"General Directorate Of State Airports Authority\". 14 January 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n4. ↑ \"Yeni havalimanının adı belli oldu (İstanbul Havalimanı tabelaları asıldı)\". *NTV*.  (Eng-gí)\n5. ↑ Dikmen, Yesim (6 April 2019). \"Last flight leaves Ataturk as Istanbul switches airports\". *Reuters*.  (Eng-gí)\n6. ↑ \"Turkish Airlines relocates to new Istanbul Airport\". ATWOnline. 5 April 2019.  (Eng-gí)\n7. ↑ \"Turkish Airlines is switching to a new Istanbul airport – all in 45 hours\". *Guardian*. 6 April 2019. 13 April 2019 khòaⁿ--ê. The opening date has been pushed back three times, but authorities insist that the main terminal building and two runways will be fully operational by Sunday, in what critics say it is a rushed and dangerous attempt to stay on schedule.  (Eng-gí)\n8. ↑ \"Turkish Airport Traffic Statistics\". *DHMI Turkey*. 18 March 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n9. 1 2 \"Consortium wins Istanbul airport tender for 22.1 billion euros\". *Hürriyet Daily News*. 3 May 2013. 3 May 2013 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Istanbul Canal\n* Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge\n* Northern Marmara Motorway\n* Çanakkale 1915 Bridge\n* Atatürk Airport\n* Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen Airport\n* Ankara Esenboğa Airport\n* Hürriyet Daily News\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n Media related to Istanbul Airport at Wikimedia Commons\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām (Eng-gí)\n* Project plan (Eng-gí)\n\ntemplate:Airports in Turkey [en] \n\ntemplate:List of airports in Europe [en] \n\ntemplate:Turkish Airlines [en]","meta":{"title":"İstanbul ki-tiûⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2270,5045,0.4499504459861249],"infobox":["
    İstanbul ki-tiûnn

    (İstanbul Havalimanı)
    \n
    \n
    \n
    Chu-sìn
    Lūi-pia̍t\nKok-li̍p
    Owner\nGeneral Directorate of State Airports (DHMİ)
    Sú-iōng\nIGA (Istanbul Grand Airport) Havalimanı İşletmesi A.Ş.
    Siâⁿ-chhī\nTurkey Istanbul
    Tē-tiám\nIstanbul Arnavutköy [en]
    Khai-sí\n
    • 2018 nî 10 goe̍h 29 ji̍t;​ 4 nî í-chêng​ (2018-10-29)
      (khai-hòng tián-lé)
      • \n
    • 2019 nî 4 goe̍h 6 ji̍t;​ 4 nî í-chêng​ (2019-04-06)
      (tsuân lí-kheh ho̍k-bū)
      • \n
    • 2022 nî 2 goe̍h 5 ji̍t;​ 14 kò go̍eh í-chêng​ (2022-02-05)
      (tsuân huè-ūn ho̍k-bū)
    Hub for\n
    Heng-kiàn\n2014 – 2018
    Sî-khu\nTRT (UTC+03:00)
    AMSL\n99 m / 325 ft
    Bāng-chām\nwww.istairport.com \"Edit
    Pháu-tō
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Hong-hiòngTn̂g-tō͘Piáu-bīn
    mft
    16L/34R3,75012,303Asphalt
    16R/34L3,75012,303Asphalt
    17L/35R4,10013,451Asphalt
    17R/35L4,10013,451Asphalt
    18/363,06010,039Asphalt & Concrete
    Thóng-kè (2022 nî)
    \n
    Total passengers\n64,486,178
    International passengers\n48,591,863
    Aircraft Operations\n425,897
    Cargo tonnage\n2,557,427
    \n
    Source: (Turkish AIP at Eurocontrol) Turkey
    ","
    Total passengers\n64,486,178
    International passengers\n48,591,863
    Aircraft Operations\n425,897
    Cargo tonnage\n2,557,427
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4998}} -{"text":"Academic journalPang-bô͘:SHORTDESC:Academic journal\n**Harvard huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn** (Harvard Law Review) sī-iû Harvard huat-lu̍t ha̍k-īñ [en] ê tsi̍t-ê to̍k-li̍p ha̍k-sing thuân-thé [en] tshut-pán ê huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn [en]. Kin-kù Kî-khan ín-tsìng pò-kò [en], Harvard huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn 2015-nî ê Íng-hióng in-tsí [en] uî 4.979, teh \"huat-lu̍t\" luī-pia̍t ê 143-tsióng kî-khan lāi-té pâi-miâ tē-1. Harvard huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn uì ta̍k-nî ê 11-gue̍h kàu huan-tńg-nî ê 6-gue̍h, ta̍k-kò gue̍h tshut-pán 1-kî, lóng-tsóng tshut-pán 8-kî; 11-gue̍h khan ū tsuan-bûn pò-tō Bí-kok tsuè-ko huat-īñ tíng tsi̍t-nî jīm-kî ê tiâu-tsa pò-tō [en]. Pún kî-khan koh tshut-pán kan-na tsāi-suàñ ê \"Harvard huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn lūn-tuâñ\" (Harvard Law Review Forum); lūn-tuâñ sī tsi̍t-hūn kún-tōng hîng-thài ê kî-khan, tui tsú-iàu kî-khan ê lāi-iông tsò-tshut ha̍k-su̍t huê-ìng. \n\nHuat-lu̍t phîng-lūn sī Harvard huat-ha̍k-īñ ê sañ-ê îng-ū [en] hia̍p-huē tsi-it, iah-koh-ū \"Harvard huat-lu̍t uān-tsōo kio̍k [en]\" hām \"Ha̍k-sing kòo-būn uí-uân-huē\". Nā hōo tsia sañ-ê tsoo-tsit lāi-té tsi̍t-ê suán-tiâu ê ha̍k-sing, i kan-na ē-tàng ka-ji̍p kî-tiong ê tsi̍t-ê tsoo-tsit.\n\nHarvard huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn hia̍p-huē kah Columbia huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn [en], Pennsylvania tāi-ha̍k huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn [en] hām Yale huat-lu̍t kî-khan [en] lên-ha̍p tshut-pán lâm-phuê-su [en]: Thóng-it ê ín-bûn hē-thóng; tse-tō pèn-tsò Bí-kok huat-lu̍t ín-bûn kik-sik ê kóng-huàn tsun-sûn ê kuân-ui piau-tsún.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Journals Ranked by Impact: Law\". *2011 Journal Citation Reports*. Web of Science (Science pán.). Thomson Reuters. 2012.  {{en}]\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Harvard hoat-lu̍t kì-lio̍k [en] (Harvard huat-lu̍t kì-lio̍k/Harvard Law Record)\n* I-ha̍k chú-tê-sû (eng-gí: Medical Subject Headings (MeSH); hàn-gí: 醫學主題詞)\n* Si̍t-gê (Si̍t-khí, tsíng jîn-kang tshuì-khí; eng-gí: dental implant; hàn-gí: 植牙, 種人工牙齒)\n* Kàu chit guân (kàu tsit guân; eng-gí: academic personnel, faculty; hàn-gí: 教職員)\n* NYSE Chicago [en] (Chicago tsìng-kuàn kau-i̍k-sóo)\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām\n\ntemplate:Harvard [en]","meta":{"title":"Harvard hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[885,2375,0.3726315789473684],"infobox":["
    Harvard huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn
    (Harvard Law Review)
    Discipline\nHoat-lu̍t
    Gí-gên\nIng-gí
    Tshut-pán siông-tsîng
    Li̍k-sú\n1887–bo̍ktsên
    Publisher\n
    The Harvard Law Review Association (Bí-kok)
    Frequency\n8-kî/nî
    \n4.680 (2018)
    ISO 4\nFind out here
    Sok-ín
    CODEN ·JSTOR (alt) ·LCCN (alt)
    MIAR ·NLM (alt) ·Scopus
    CODEN\nHALRAF
    ISSN\n0017-811X
    LCCN\n12032979
    OCLC no.\n46968396
    Lên-ket
    \n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2314}} -{"text":"Tī Giat-á-chō ê M80, lī Thài-iông 30,000 kng-nî, ū kúi cha̍p-bān lia̍p hêng-chheⁿ.\n**Kiû-chōng chheⁿ-thoân** (球狀星團) sī gōa-koan thêng-hiān kiû-chōng, tī kúi-tō téng se̍h gîn-hô he̍k-sim ūn-hêng, seⁿ chhiūⁿ he̍k-chheⁿ ê hêng-chheⁿ chi̍p-thoân. Kiû-chōng chheⁿ-thoân in-ūi pī tiōng-le̍k ân-ân sok-pa̍k, tì-sú hêng-chheⁿ lóng hiòng tiong-sim chi̍p-tiong, in-chhú gōa-koan sī kiû-hêng ê. Kiû-chōng chheⁿ-thoân pí sòaⁿ-khui chheⁿ-thoân ū koh-khah chē lia̍p he̍k-chheⁿ, m̄-koh kiû-chōng chheⁿ-thoân ê sò͘-liōng pí sòaⁿ-khui chheⁿ-thoân ke khah chió, tī Gîn-hô-hē tiong kàu-taⁿ chí-ū hoat-hiān 150 chì 158 ê.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nHêng-chheⁿ-hē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Ū pian-kài | \n* Gîn-hô\n* É-sió gîn-hô\n* Chheⁿ-thoân\n\t+ Kiû-chōng\n\t+ Sòaⁿ-khui\n* Liân-chheⁿ\n* To-chheⁿ\n* He̍k-chheⁿ-hē\n\n |\n| |\n| Bô pian-kài | \n* Chheⁿ-liû\n* Chheⁿ-hia̍p\n* Ūn-tōng chheⁿ-thoân\n\n |\n| |\n| Ba̍k-sī chi̍p-thoân | \n* Jī-têng-chheⁿ\n* To-têng-chheⁿ\n* Seng-chō\n* Hêng-chheⁿ-hûn\n* Chheⁿ-kûn\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Category Lūi-pia̍t\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85127432\n* GND: 4298254-6\n* BNF: cb12393896m (data)\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kiû-chōng chheⁿ-thoân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[346,954,0.36268343815513626],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1401}} -{"text":"**Lí-tiúⁿ** ia̍h-sī **Chhoan-tiúⁿ** (lē-sio̍k î khu, koān-hat-chhī, he̍k-chiá-sī tìn--ê hō-chò *Lí*; lē-sio̍k î hiongg--ê hō-chò *Chhoan*) sī Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok ê siōng kē chân-kip tē-hng-koaⁿ. Sī thàu-kòe sì-tang chi̍t-tàu ê tēng-kî soán-kí soán--chhut-lâi-ê, bô liân-jīm ê hān-chè. Chhoan-lí-tiúⁿ sī bû-kip-chit, m̄-koh ū hiong-tìn-chhī-khu-kong-só͘ só͘ pian-lia̍t ê sū-bū pó͘-chō͘-hùi thang-hó ūn-iōng.\n\nChit-lêng\n---------\n\nChhoan-lí-tiúⁿ hat-hā ū 100 chì 4,000 hō͘ put-téng. Chú-iàu ê khang-khòe pau-koat hoán-èng tē-hng su-kiû, hia̍p-chō͘ soan-tō chèng-lēng, kah kí-pān lí-bîn oa̍h-tāng. I-chiàu Tē-hng Chè-tō͘ Hoat, chhoan-lí-tiúⁿ siū-tio̍h hiong-tìn-chhī-khu-tiúⁿ ê chí-hui chham kàm-tok, hū-chek pān-lí chhoan-lí ê kong-bū kah kau-pān sū-hāng. Tān-sī, si̍t-bū siōng in-ūi chhoan-lí-tiúⁿ sī ti̍t-chiap bîn-soán--chhut-lâi-ê, to̍k-li̍p-sèng kiông, ka-siōng kong-só͘ kah chèng-hú bô-hoat-tō͘ chiam-tùi bîn-soán ê chhoan-lí-tiúⁿ chò-chhut si̍t-chè tiàu-chit he̍k-chiá-sī chhú-hoa̍t. In-chhú hiong-tìn-chhī-khu-tiúⁿ it-poaⁿ bē ùi téng-thâu chí-hui, sī ē chhiáⁿ lâng hia̍p-chō͘, iû-kî khu-tiúⁿ sī chhī-tiúⁿ chí-phài--ê, i ê bîn-ì ki-chhó͘ pí lí-tiúⁿ khah kē.\n\nChham-kiàn\n----------\n\n* Chhun-lí","meta":{"title":"Chhoan-lí-tiúⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[9,1214,0.007413509060955519],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1394}} -{"text":"**Gruzia-gí** (ქართული ენა, *kartuli ena*) sī Sakartvelo ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân, sī tāi-iok 390 bān Gruzia jîn-bîn ê tē-it gí-giân, mā-sī Gruzia bîn-cho̍k ê bûn-ha̍k gí-giân, Lâm Kaukasus gí-giân ê chi̍t-ê hun-ki.\n\nJī-bó\n-----\n\nHiān-tāi ê Kartuli jī-bó hō-chòe \"*mkhedruli*\" (მხედრული):\n\n| *mkhedruli* |\n| --- |\n| ა | ბ | გ | დ | ე | ვ | ზ | ჱ | თ | ი | კ | ლ | მ | ნ |\n| ჲ | ო | პ | ჟ | რ | ს | ტ | ჳ | უ | ფ | ქ | ღ | ყ | შ |\n| ჩ | ც | ძ | წ | ჭ | ხ | ჴ | ჯ | ჰ | ჵ | ჶ | ჷ | ჸ |   |\n\nSû-lūi hē-thóng\n---------------\n\nKartuli-gí chham Eng-gí kāng-khóan ū ián-seng ê hē-thóng, chhin-chhiūⁿ tī Kartuli-gí lāi-bīn, \"*-Kart-*\" chit-ê jī-kin ē-tàng ián-seng chhut:\n\n* \"***Kart**veli*\" (ქართველი): Sakartvelo-lâng (jîn-bîn)\n* \"**Kar**tuli\" (ქართული): Sakartvelo-gí (gí-giân)\n* \"*Sa**kart**velo*\" (საქართველო): Sakartvelo (kok-ka)\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\nWikipedia\nWikipedia ū ***Gruzia-gí*** ê pán-pún.\n\n* Eng-gí - kartuli-gí jī-tián","meta":{"title":"Gruzia-gí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[210,689,0.3047895500725689],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1008}} -{"text":"Khó͘ Hûn-ki (1948)\n**Khó͘ Hûn-ki** (許雲基; 1924 nî 7 goe̍h 16 ji̍t chhut-sì ) sī chi̍t-ūi Tâi-oân Tâi-tiong chhut-sin ê goân-chú-hu̍t bu̍t-lí-ha̍k ha̍k-ka. Ùi Tâi-tiong It-tiong pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, Khó͘ Hûn-ki bat chiân-óng Ji̍t-pún lōe-tē ê Kiaⁿ-to͘ Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k kang-ha̍k-pō͘ chiū-tho̍k, pēng tī chiàn-āu choán-hôe Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k Tiān-ki-hē, jiân-āu ùi hia pit-gia̍p.\n\n1947 nî, Khó͘ Hûn-ki chiâⁿ-chò Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-hē ê chō͘-kàu, hām Tè Ūn-kúi kap Thài-tiân Nāi-siông téng-lâng tâng-chê tī Tâi-tāi tiông-kiàn Hong-sèng Bûn-chhek thoân-tūi tong-nî tī Tâi-tāi chè-chok, bat oân-sêng sè-kài tē-jī pái jîn-kang cheng-lòng goân-chú-hu̍t si̍t-giām ê Cockcroft–Walton ka-sok-khì. Pēng sêng-kong tī 1948 nî oân-sêng liáu Tâi-oân kap chiàn-āu choân À-chiu tē-it pái jîn-kang cheng-lòng goân-chú-hu̍t ê si̍t-giām. Lo̍h-bóe, Khó͘ Hûn-ki thè-chhiú iû Thià-tiân Nāi-siông chú-chhî ê goân-chú-hu̍t si̍t-giām-sek, pēng léng-tō Tâi-oân chē-chē ki-su kái-liông si̍t-giām-sek ê siat-pī, hō͘ i chiâⁿ-chò 1960 nî-tāi À-chiu siōng-sian-chìn ê goân-chú-hu̍t si̍t-giām-sek. Lo̍h-bóe, Khó͘ Hûn-ki iû chō͘-kàu ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á seng-keh chò káng-su, hù-kàu-siū, kàu-siū, chìn-jî tī 1962 nî chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-tāi Bu̍t-lí-hē ê hē-chú-jīm. 1985 nî, Khó͘ Hûn-ki ùi Tâi-tāi Bu̍t-lí-hē thè-hiu, tī 1989 nî chiâⁿ-chò in-ê bêng-ū kàu-siū, pēng tī 2005 nî khí sut-niá tiông-kiàn goân-chú-hu̍t si̍t-giām-sek chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-tāi Bu̍t-lí Bûn-bu̍t-thiaⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Khó͘ Hûn-ki","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1462,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1653}} -{"text":"**Unicode**, he̍k-chiá kiò **thong-iōng-bé** (通用碼), **bān-kok-bé** (萬國碼; Hôa-gí ho͘-im: *Wanguoma*) sī 1-chióng pian-bé piau-chún. *Unicode* ji̍t jī sī Eng-gí *uni* kap *code* 2-jī cho͘-ha̍p--khí-lâi-ê. *Uni* ū \"thong-iōng\" ê ì-sù; *code* sī \"hû-bé\" ê ì-sù. Unicode ê 1-ê tiōng-iàu ê lí-liām sī beh siat-kè 1-thò ē-sài chhú-lí sè-kài kok-chióng bûn-jī ê pian-bé. \n\nKán-tan kóng, thong-iōng-bé sī 1-ê kok-chè piau-chún. I ê bo̍k-piau sī kā chhú-lí sè-kài kok-chióng gí-giân ê bûn-jī ê jī-tô͘ chòe-pian-bé. Kā múi 1-ê jī-tô͘ tùi-èng kàu 1-ê chéng-sò͘. Chit-ê chéng-sò͘ kiò-chòe chit-ê jī-tô͘ ê *bé-ūi*. Án-ne ē-sài kā bûn-jī choán-hoà choè sò͘-jī, chiah ū-hoat-tō iōng tiān-náu chhú-lí kah pó-chûn.\n\nThong-iōng-bé ū chi̍t-koá ki-su̍t siōng ê hān-chè kap būn-tê. Mā-ū chi̍t-kóa phoe-phêng. M̄-koh, thong-iōng-bé chiām-chiām piàn-chòe nńg-thé kok-chè-hòa kap nńg-thé to-gí-giân khoân-kéng chit 2-hāng sū-kang siōng chú-liû ê pian-bé. Microsoft Windows NT kap āu-lâi ê Microsoft Windows 2000, Microsoft Windows XP iōng UTF-16 lâi pó-chûn hē-thóng lāi-pō͘ iōng ê bûn-jī. UNIX-lūi ê hē-thóng, chhiūⁿ Linux, BSD (OpenBSD, FreeBSD) kap Mac OS X iōng UTF-8 lâi piáu-hiān to-gí-giân ê bûn-jī.\n\nKhí-goân\n--------\n\nChá-kî tiān-náu iōng ê pian-bé chú-iàu chiam-tùi Eng-gí lâi siat-kè. Ka-na sek-ha̍p chhú-lí Eng-bûn. Āu-lâi chiām-chiām cheng-ka Au-chiu kî-tha chú-iàu gí-giân iōng ê jī-bó. M̄-koh, bô-kâng kok-ka só͘ su-iàu kap chin-ka ê jī-bó lóng bô-kâng. Kiat-kó sī chhut-hiān chin-chē bô-hoat-tō͘ sio kau-thong ê pian-bé. Iōng Hoat-gí pian-bé hē-thóng pó-chûn ê chu-liāu, nā iōng Tek-gí pian-bé hē-thóng lâi tha̍k kap chhú-lí ē têng-tâⁿ--khì. Chiam-tùi 1-chióng gí-giân ê pian-bé hē-thóng siat-kè ê nńg-thé ka-na ē-sài chhú-lí hit chióng gí-giân. Beh kā chit-ê nńg-thé kái kah ē-sài chhú-lí pa̍t chióng gí-giân sī chin hùi-khì ê tāi-chì. Beh iōng tiān-náu chhú-lí 1-chóng í-siōng ê gí-giân ē-sài kóng chin khùn-lân. Nā sī khó-lū sè-kài kî-tha ê gí-giân kap bûn-jī, chit-ê būn-tê ka-na ē lú-lâi lú siong-tiōng.\n\nNā-sī ū 1-thò pian-bé ē-sài chhú-lí sè-kài kok-chióng bûn-jī. Bô kâng gí-giân ê chu-liāu kau-thong tio̍h piàn kán-tan. Tông-sî chhú-lí to-gí-giân mā piàn kán-tan. Nā-sī 1-thò nńg-thé lī-iōng chit chióng pian-bé lâi siat-kè, chit-ê nńg-thé, tiō sǹg-kóng khai-sí sī chiam-tùi bó͘ 1-chóng gí-giân lâi siat-kè, mā ē-sài khah kán-tan tio̍h kái lâi chi-oān pa̍t-chóng gí-giân kap bûn-jī. Chia-ê lī-ek ē-sài kóng sī chá-kî khai-sí thui-sak thong-iōng-bé ê tōng-ki.\n\nBeh liáu-kái thui-sak thong-iōng-bé chit-chióng pian-bé piau-chún ê tōng-ki, su-iàu seng liáu-káu siáⁿ-mi̍h sī pian-bé. Iōng Eng-gí chòe lē. Eng-gí su-iàu 26 ê tōa-siá ê jī (ABC...XYZ), 26 ê sió-siá ê jī (abc...xyz), Arabic sò͘-jī (0123456789), kap 1-kóa piau-tiám (jī). Beh iōng tiān-náu chhú-lí Eng-gí, su-iàu 1-ê tùi-chiàu-pió, chit-ê pió ka múi 1-ê jī tùi-èng 1-ê to̍k-it ê 2-chìn-ūi sò͘-jī. M̄-koh, tiòng-iàu ê sī, ta̍k-ê lâng lóng ài iōng kāng-khóan ê tùi-chiàu-pió. Án-ne ta̍k-ke chia ū hoat-tō ko͘-thong, beh ka chia-ê 2-chìn-ūi sò͘-jī hoan-e̍k tńg lâi chòe Eng-gí chiah bôe têng-tâⁿ.\n\n### ASCII\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: ASCII\n1-ê pian-bé hē-thóng ē-sài tùi-èng kàu gōa-chē ê jī-tô͘ ài khòaⁿ chit-ê pian-bé iōng kui-ê bit lâi pó-chûn pian-bé-pió. 1-ê 7-bit ê 2-chìn-ūi sò͘-jī tùi-èng ê hoàn-ûi sī àn 0 kàu 2^7-1=127(thak chòe 2 ê 7 chhù-hong). So-í, 1-ê 7-bit ê pian-bé ē-sài siōng-chē tùi-èng kàu 128 ê jī-tô͘. Kāng-khoán ê tō-lí, 1-ê 8-bit ê pian-bé ē-sài tùi-èng kàu 256 ê jī-tô͘. 1-ê 16 bit ê pian-bé ē-sài tùi-èng kàu ??? ê jī-tô͘. Iōng lú-chē bit ê pian-bé ē-sài tùi-èng kàu lú-chē ê jī-tô͘, m̄-koh, beh pó-chûn 1-ê jī su-iàu ê RAM mā lú-chē.\n\nChá-kî ê tiān-náu, RAM sī chin tin-kùi ê chu-goân. In-ùi án-ne, ta̍k-ke ē iōng sè ê pian-bé. Chhú-lí Eng-gí ê sī, sǹg-sǹg 7-bit ê pian-bé tio̍h ū-kàu. Che chò-sêng 7-bit ê ASCII pian-bé piau-chú. M̄-koh, kî-thaⁿ iōng lô-má-jī bûn-jī hē-thóng ê Europe gí-gian, chia-chia sū-iàu 1-koa ū ka phiat-im hū-ho ê jī, chhiūⁿ 'å', he̍k-chiá-sī 1-koá liân-jī, chhiūⁿ 'œ'. Chia-ê jī(jī-tô͘) bô pau-koah tī ASCII pian-bé. Europe kok-ka, khai-sí chè-têng 8-bit ê pian-bé. Chia-ê 8-bit pian-bé, tùi 0 kàu 128 ê bé-ūi kap ASCII oân-choân sio-siâng.\n\nCho͘-hó-ê jī-bó kap Cho͘-ha̍p-ê jī-bó\n-------------------------------------\n\nŪi-tio̍h beh tī iú-hān ê pian-bé khong-kan lāi-tè chi-goân lú-chē lú-hó ê bûn-jī, thong-iōng-bé sú-iōng **cho͘-hap-ê jī-bó** ê chò-hoat. Iōng **á** chit-ê jī chò lē. Thong-iōng-bé ū hō chit-ê jī ka-kī 1-ê bé-ūi (U+00E1). M̄-koh, lán m̄a ē-sài siūⁿ-kóng chit-ê jī sī **a** (bé-ūi U+0061) kap **ˊ** lâi cho͘-hap--ê. Tī thong-iōng-bé ū tēng-gī 1-ê cho͘-hap-iōng (*combining*) ê **ˊ** (bé-ūi U+0301). N̄a-sī chhut-hiàn U+0061 U+0301 chit 2-ê sò͘-jī sio-liân, lán tio̍h ài liáu-kái che sī ài kà thâu-chêng U+0061 tāi-piáu ê **a** kap aū-piah U+0301 tāi-piáu ê **ˊ**, cho͘-ha̍p choè **á**. Iōng **á** (U+00E1) 1-ê sò͘-jī lâi piáu-sī Lô-má-jī jī-bó ê **á**, chit-chióng kiò cho͘-hó-ê jī-bó. (*precomposed character*). Iōng U+0061 U+0301 lâi piáu-sī, chit-chióng kiò cho͘-ha̍p-ê jī-bó (composed character). Chhiū U+0301 chit-chióng ê, chiò cho͘-ha̍p-iōng jī-bó (*combining character*).\n\n1-ê ki-chhò jī-bó (*base character*) aū-piah ē-sài chiap 1-ê í-siōng ê cho͘-ha̍p-iōng jī-bó, hêng-sêng 1-ê cho͘-ha̍p-ê jī-bó. Nā sī chia-ê cho͘-ha̍p-ê jī-bó lóng beh kái chòe cho͘-hó-ê jī-bó, ū ka-kī ê bé-ūi. Ān-ne ē su-iàu iōng tiāu chin-chē bé-ūi, in-ùi cho͘-ha̍p ê khó-lêng-sèng ū chin-chē. M̄-koh, chá-chêng ê kî-thaⁿ pian-bé it-poaⁿ bô iōng cho͘-ha̍p. Ūi-tio̍h piāⁿ-lī chú-lí ka iōng kū pian-bé ê chu-liāu kau-thong, Europa ê chú-iàu gí-giân iōng ê bûn-jī ê jī-bó, i-poaⁿ tī thong-iōng-bé lāi lóng-ū tùi-èng ê cho͘-ha̍p-hó ê jī-bó. Ūi-tio̍h chiàu-kò 1-ê jī-bó khó-lêng ū 1-ê í-siōng ê piáu-sī-hoat (cho͘-hó-ê kap cho͘-ha̍p-ê). Thong-iōng-bé ū khu-tēng 2-ê piáu-sī án-chòaⁿ sèng kâng-ì (sio-siâng), chit-ê hoat-chek kiò *canonical equivalence*.\n\nIōng Hàn-jī ê '明' chit-ê jī chòe ké-sióng ê lē (si̍t-chè siōng Unicode tùi 明 ê chhù-lí sī chò tan-to̍k chi̍t jī, m̄-sī nn̄g jī ê cho͘-ha̍p). Chit-ê jī it-poaⁿ kan-na iōng 1-ê jī-tô͘ lâi ìn-soat, ū tok-lip ê bé-ūi. M̄-koh, chit-ê jī mā ē-sái thiah-chòe 2-ê jī-tô͘, hun-piat sī '日' kap '月'. Iōng chit 2-ê jī-tô͘ lâi ìn-soat, khó-lêng ē ìn chhut chhiūⁿ '日月' án-ne ê tô͘ , Chin pháiⁿ-khòaⁿ.\n\nM̄-koh, kā '明' thiah-chòe 2-ê jī-tô͘ lâi ìn-soat ū 1-ê hó--chhù: kiám-chió su-iàu ê jī-tô͘. Tī 1-ê jī iōng 1-ê jī-tô͘ ê chêng-hêng, beh ìn '日','月','明', su-iàu 3-ê jī-tô͘. Nā-sī '明' thiah chòe 2-ê jī-tô͘ ìn, kan-na su-iàu 2-ê jī-tô͘. In-ùi jī-tô͘ ê sò͘-bo̍k it-tèng sī iú-hān. Beh iōng chia ê iú-hān ê jī-tô͘ lâi ìn-soat pí jī-tô͘ sò͘-bo̍k koh-khah chē ê jī ê sî, su-iàu kā jī thiah-choè 1-ê í-siōng ê jī-tô͘ lâi ìn. Iā-tio̍h-sī iōng jī-tô͘ khì cho͘-ha̍p (tàu) chhut sin-ê jī.\n\nBeh iōng 2-ê í-siōng ê jī-tô͘ lâi cho͘-ha̍p chhut 1-ê jī ê sî, Su iàu iōng 1-kóa ìn-soat ki-su̍t, nā-bô ìn ê jī ê chhiūⁿ '日月' án-ne chin pháiⁿ-khòaⁿ.\n\n### Hián-sī ê būn-tê\n\nBeh chèng-khak hián-sī cho͘-ha̍p ê jī-bó sū-iàu khah ho̍k-cha̍p ê jī-hêng hián-sī ki-su̍t. Chia ê ki-su̍t m̄-sī thong-iōng-bé piau-chún ê 1-pō͘-hūn. Chóng-kóng in-ùi tōa-pō͘-hūn ê bûn-jī kan-na su-iàu iōng cho͘-hó-ê jī-bó, tiān-náu nńg-té tùi cho͘-ha̍p jī-bó ê chi-oān kaù-taⁿ iû-oân bô-kaù-hó. Ū-hoat-tō͘ chèng-khak hián-sī cho͘-ha̍p jī-bó ê ki-chân jī-hêng ki-su̍t ū OpenType (Adobe System kap Microsoft chè-tēng), AAT (Apple Computer chè-tēng), kap Graphite (SIL International chè-tēng). M̄-koh, tōa-hūn ê nńg-thé bô khì lī-iōng chia ê jī-hêng ki-su̍t, tōa-hūn ê jī-hêng mā bô chi-oān, só͘-í bô hoat-tō͘ chèng-khak hián-sī cho͘-ha̍p ê jī-bó. Pí-lūn chiū Pe̍h-oē-jī lâi kóng, chin chē Pe̍h-oē-jī jī-bó m̄-sī tāi-seng to̍h í-keng cho͘-ha̍p hó-sè ê thong-iōng-bé, iā-to̍h-sī kóng it-tēng ài-iōng cho͘-ha̍p ê hong-sek. Tōa-pō͘-hūn ê nńg-thé leh hián-sī chia ê jī-bó ê sî ē têng-tâⁿ--khì (pìⁿ chòe lōan-má).\n\nSiang-hiòng bûn-jī\n------------------\n\nŪ ê bûn-jī hē-thóng sī àn tó-pêng hiòng chiàⁿ-pêng siá, chhiūⁿ Latin bûn-jī. Ū ê sī àn chiàⁿ-pêng hiòng tó-pêng siá, chhiūⁿ Hi-pek-lâi-gí kap A-la-pek-gí.\n\nUTF\n---\n\n### UTF-8\n\n* \n* UTF-8 is currently standardized as RFC 3629 (*UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646*).\n\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Bé-ūi ê hoàn-ûi16 chìn-ūi | UTF-16 | UTF-8binary | Notes |\n| 000000 - 00007F | 00000000 0xxxxxxx | 0xxxxxxx | ASCII equivalence range; byte begins with zero |\n| 000080 - 0007FF | 00000xxx xxxxxxxx | 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx | first byte begins with 110 or 1110, the following byte(s) begin with 10 |\n| 000800 - 00FFFF | xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx | 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx |\n| 010000 - 10FFFF | 110110xx xxxxxxxx 110111xx xxxxxxxx | 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx | UTF-16 requires surrogates; an offset of 0x10000 is subtracted, so the bit pattern is not identical with UTF-8 |\n\n### UTF-16\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\n### UTF-32\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nBiDi\n----\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nConsortium\n----------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nUCS\n---\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nHàn-jī thóng-it (Han unification)\n---------------------------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nJī-hêng\n-------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nPán-pún le̍k-sú\n---------------\n\n* 1991 nî Unicode 1.0\n* 1993 nî Unicode 1.1\n* 1996 nî Unicode 2.0\n* 1998 nî Unicode 2.1\n* 1999 nî Unicode 3.0\n* 2001 nî Unicode 3.1\n* 2002 nî Unicode 3.2\n* 2003 nî Unicode 4.0\n* 2005 nî Unicode 4.1\n* 2006 nî Unicode 5.0\n\nPe̍h-ōe-jī kap Thong-iōng-bé\n----------------------------\n\nChhiáⁿ chham-khó Taigi Unicode chit-phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ.\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* DecodeUnicode - Unicode WIKI, 50.000 gifs\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh98000843\n* GND: 4343497-6\n* NKC: ph571669\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Unicode","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[786,9394,0.08367042793272302],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":11525}} -{"text":"Ko-hiông Sîn-siā\n**Ko-hiông Sîn-siā** (Hàn-jī: 高雄神社; Lô-má-jī: *Takao-zinzya*) sī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi Tâi-oân ê 1-chō sîn-siā, siat tī Ko-hiông-chiu Ko-hiông-chhī Kotobuki-tyo, Siū-san poàⁿ soaⁿ-io.\n\nChè-sîn\n-------\n\nKo-hiông Sîn-siā ê siā-kè (社格) sī koān-siā (県社); chè-sîn (祭神) sī Yosihisa Chhin-ông (能久親王), Tāi-bu̍t-chú miā (大物主命), kap Sutoku Thian-hông (崇徳天皇).\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n1912 nî 2 goe̍h 5 ji̍t, Ji̍t-pún-lâng tī Siū-san soaⁿ-kha kiàn-li̍p Táⁿ-káu Kotohira (金刀比羅) Sîn-siā. 1920 nî, chin-ka chè-sîn Yosihisa Chhin-ông, kái miâ Táⁿ-káu Sîn-siā. Hit nî ê 12 goe̍h, koh kái miâ chò Ko-hiông Sîn-siā. 1928 nî 11 goe̍h 8 ji̍t, sîn-siā poaⁿ khí Siū-san soaⁿ-io. 1932 nî 4 goe̍h 22 ji̍t, tit tio̍h koān-siā siā-kè.\n\nChiàn-āu, Ko-hiông Sîn-siā hō͘ Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chèng-hú kái chò \"tiong-lia̍t-sû\". Tī 1970 nî-tāi, chèng-hú kā sîn-siā chú-thé thiah-tû kái chò Tiong-kok-sek kiàn-tio̍k.\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Ko-hiông Sîn-siā*** |","meta":{"title":"Ko-hiông Sîn-siā","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[62,916,0.06768558951965066],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1112}} -{"text":"Chiat-siā ê Snell hoat-chek.\nSok-tō͘ bô-kāng, chiat-siā ê kak-tō͘ mā bô-kāng. Chhái-khēng tio̍h-sī kúi-ā-khóan ê kng-sòaⁿ chò-hóe chiat-siā sán-seng.\n**Chiat-siā** mā-kiò **khut-chiat**, sī pho-tōng, chhin-chhiūⁿ kng-sòaⁿ ia̍h siaⁿ-im, in-ūi chìn-hêng ê sok-tō͘ kái-piàn, chō-sêng ê lō͘-soàⁿ piàn-hoà. Chit chióng hiān-siōng tī pho-tōng keng-kòe bô-kāng ê kài-chit ê sî-chūn khah hó koan-chhat, m̄-palomino tiene una verdolagota EL DIDI LA TIENE BIEN CHIQUITA\n-it ê kài-chit lāi-bīn mā-sī ū pene gordo\nChiat-siā ê hiān-siōng ē-sái sú-iōng Snell hoat-chek lâi biâu-su̍t:\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\sin \\theta \\_{1}}{\\sin \\theta \\_{2}}}={\\frac {v\\_{1}}{v\\_{2}}}={\\frac {n\\_{2}}{n\\_{1}}}}\nia̍h-sī\n\n{\\displaystyle n\\_{1}\\sin \\theta \\_{1}=n\\_{2}\\sin \\theta \\_{2}\\ }\nkái-sek\n\n{\\displaystyle v\\_{1}} kap {\\displaystyle v\\_{2}} sī pho-tōng tī te̍k-tēng kài-chit lāi-bīn ê sok-tō͘ .\n{\\displaystyle \\theta \\_{1}} kap {\\displaystyle \\theta \\_{2}} sī pho-tōng chham kài-chit kap kài-chit sio-chiap kài-bīn ê sûi-ti̍t-sòaⁿ (hoat-sòaⁿ) ê kak-tō͘ .\n{\\displaystyle n\\_{1}} kap {\\displaystyle n\\_{2}} sī chiat-siā-lu̍t.\n\nSiong-koan ê bûn-chiong\n-----------------------\n\n* Hoán-siā\n* Hoê-chiat","meta":{"title":"Chiat-siā","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[20,1150,0.017391304347826087],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1291}} -{"text":"\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tsit phian bûn-tsiunn pau-kuat **kok-tsè im-piau (IPA) lāi-té ê gú-im tsuân-siá im-piau**. Iú-kuan IPA hû-hō ê kài-siāu-sìng tsí-lâm, tshiánn tsham-ua̽t Pang-tsān: [ ], / / hām ⟨ ⟩ tsi-kan ê khu-piat, tshiánn tsham-ua̽t IPA § kuà-hō hām tsuân-lio̽k hun-keh-hû. |\n\nThoân-thóng gí-giân-ha̍k jīn-ûi **im-sò·** sī 1-ê gí-giân ê siaⁿ-im hē-thóng ê ki-pún tan-ūi.\n\nChá-kî ê gián-kiù-chiá hoat-kak tan-sûn biô-siá gí-giân ê siaⁿ-im (gí-im) ū i ê hān-chè. Gí-im chi-kan ê chha-pia̍t pēng bô tāi-piáu \"ū ì-gī ê chha-pia̍t\". In kā 1 ê gí-giân lāi-té siong-koan ê gí-im chéng-lí chò 1 ê lí-lūn siōng ê im-sò· tan-ūi. Im-sò· piáu-hiān chhut-lâi ê piàn-hòa tō-sī hia ê gí-im.\n\nĀu--lâi ū gían-kiù-chiá jīn-ûi im-sò· sī 1 khóan sím-lí tan-ūi.\n\nŪ-ê gí-giân bûn-jī ê chiàⁿ-jī-hoat óa-kīn im-sò· hun-sek.\n\nChá-kî ê Hō-ló-oē Pe̍h-oē-jī khu-pia̍t *ts* kap *ch*. Chóng--sī chit 2 ê jī-bó ē-sái kóng tāi-piáu kāng-ê im-sò· ê bô kāng piáu-hiān (allophone). Āu--lâi ê chiàⁿ-jī-hoat tō kan-na iōng *ch*.","meta":{"title":"Im-sò͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[246,960,0.25625],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1160}} -{"text":"**N̂g-bôe-hì** (N̂g-mûi-hì / 黄梅戏), Tiong-kok 6 tōa hì-khek chit-it, pún-jiân chí-sī An-hui-séng An-khèng chit-ê só·-chāi ê tōe-hng hì-khiok. 1949 nî liáu-āu, soah hiông-hiông chhéng--khí-lâi, chiâⁿ-chòe chôan Tiong-kok kài ū miâ-siaⁿ ê khiok-chéng. N̂g-bôe-hì ê gē-su̍t bī-le̍k si̍t-chāi ta̍t-tek chheng-chán，taⁿ í-keng sī chi̍t-sì-kòe thong-lâng-chai, ē-táng kóng hō·-chòe \"miâ-siaⁿ tháng pak-kiaⁿ \"lah.\n\n### Le̍k-sú\n\nN̂g-bôe-hì siōng chá ê gôan-thâu sī Ô·-pak-séng N̂g-mûi (黄梅), Kóng-chè (广济) tē-khu kah An-hui siok-siông (宿松) chit-tah ê bán-tê-tiāu (采茶调), āu--lâi koh khip-siu Óan-hô (皖河) hit-tah chin sî-kiâⁿ ê \"tek-ki-á khiuⁿ\" (竹枝腔) kah \"chio̍h-pi khiuⁿ\" ê khiok-tiāu hām bú-tō piáu-ián, kàu 19 sè-kí tiong-tn̂g ê sî-chūn, iu-koh siū-tio̍h \"Chheng-iông-khiuⁿ\" (青阳腔) kah \"Hui-tiāu\" (徽调) ê éng-hiáng, chiah chèng-sek hoat-tián chòe chiàⁿ-káng ê hì-khek.\n\n### Lūi-pia̍t\n\n* Hoa-khiuⁿ (花腔), it-poaⁿ sī poaⁿ sió hì ê sî khah chia̍p teh chhiúⁿ, te̍k-tiàm sī chiap-kūn seng-o̍ah hiān-si̍t, kài hiong-thó·, jî-chhiáⁿ kài sêng bîn-iâu ê khúi-kháu.\n* Pêng-sû (平词), tōa-hì chú-iàu ê chhiùⁿ-khiuⁿ, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ chhái-iōng káng-su̍t (Hàn-jī:讲述) khah tn̂g ê kó·-sū chêng-chiat a̍h-sī piáu-hiān su-hoat kám-chêng ê hong-keh, hō· lâng thiaⁿ tio̍h chiâⁿ sóng-sîn, chiâⁿ chhù-bī, ū-iáⁿ ná thiaⁿ ná ài kah-ì.\n\n### Iu-siù ê hì-bûn\n\nN̂g-bôe-hì thôan-thóng ê hì-bûn chiâⁿ chōe, kài sî-kiâⁿ ê ū:\n\n* Thian-sian-phòe (天仙配)\n* Gû-nn̂g chek-lú (牛郎织女)\n* Khôai-im-kì (槐荫记)\n* Cha-bó hū-má (女驸马)\n* Hu-chhe koan-teng (夫妻观灯)\n* Táⁿ-ti-chháu (打猪草)\n* Liú-chhiūⁿ-chíⁿ (柳树井)\n* Nâ-kiô-hōe (蓝桥会)\n* Lō·-gū (路遇)\n* Liông-lú-chêng (龙女情)\n* Thô-hoa-sìⁿ (桃花扇)\n* Bēng-lē-kun (孟丽君)\n* Thian-lú sàn-hoa (天女散花)\n\n### Iu-siù ê ián-ôan\n\n* Giân Hōng-eng (严凤英)\n* Ông Siàu-hóng (王少舫)\n* Chiu San (周珊)\n* N̂g Sin-tek (黄新德)\n* Tiuⁿ Hui (张辉)\n* Má Lân (马兰)\n* Hân Chài-hun (韩再芬)\n* Koan Chùn-hoa (关俊华)\n* Lâu Chhiu-pêng (刘秋平)","meta":{"title":"N̂g-bôe-hì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[895,1866,0.4796355841371919],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2190}} -{"text":"\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| **Tâi-oân** |\n| Gio̍k-san |\n| \nKhài-hóng\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Jîn-bîn－Jîn-kháu |\n| Keng-chè－Kau-thong |\n| Chèng-khu－Siâⁿ-chhī |\n| Chèng-tī－Chèng-hú |\n| Chèng-tóng－Soán-kí |\n| Hoat-lu̍t－Chóng-thóng |\n| Gōa-kau－Kun-sū |\n| Cho̍k-kûn－Goân-chū-bîn |\n| jîn-koân－LGBT koân-ek |\n| Tâi-hái hiān-chōng－Tâi-oân būn-tê |\n| Tâi-oân kî-chek－Tâi-oân chi chòe |\n| sè-kài kì-lio̍k |\n| Tâi-oân tē-it lia̍t-toaⁿ |\n\n |\n| \nBûn-hòa\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| gí-giân－bûn-ha̍k |\n| chong-kàu－song-chòng |\n| kó͘-chek－ûi-chí |\n| kok-pó－bîn-sio̍k bûn-bu̍t |\n| chiat-ji̍t－bîn-sio̍k tīn-thâu |\n| kàu-io̍k－thé-io̍k |\n| mûi-thé－iû-phiò |\n| ím-sit－tê gē |\n| sió-tiám－iā-chhī-á |\n| kiàn-tio̍k－koàn-chhun |\n| bûn-hòa oa̍h-tāng－koan-kong kéng-tiám |\n| kò͘-bu̍t tiong-sim－pah-hòe kong-si |\n| sè-kài ûi-sán chiâm-le̍k tiám |\n| le̍k-sú kiàn-tio̍k pah kéng |\n\n |\n| \nGē-su̍t\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| im-ga̍k－bú-tō |\n| hì-kio̍k－tiān-sī-kio̍k |\n| tiān-iáⁿ－liap-iánn |\n| bān-ōe－tōng-ōe |\n\n |\n| \nTē-lí\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| thian-bûn－khì-hāu |\n| tē-chit－tē-tāng |\n| toān-chân－hóe-soaⁿ |\n| Tâi-oân ê seng-thài－làm-á-tē |\n| soaⁿ-hong－soaⁿ-me̍h |\n| ô͘－chúi-khò͘ |\n| hô－un-chôaⁿ |\n| tó-sū－hái-hōaⁿ |\n| te̍k-iú seng-bu̍t－pó-io̍k bu̍t-chéng |\n| kok-ka kong-hn̂g kah pó-hō͘ khu |\n\n |\n| \nLe̍k-sú\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| sú chêng sî-kî－Tōa-tō͘ Ông-kok |\n| Hô Se Sî-tāi－Bêng-tēⁿ Sî-kî |\n| Chheng léng Sî-tāi－Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi |\n| Tiong-hôa-bîn-kok sî-tāi |\n| kok hun-lūi le̍k-sú |\n\n |\n| **Tâi-oân chú-tê** |\n\n**Tâi-oân ê khì-hāu**, Pak-hôe-kui-soàⁿ í-pak sī hù-jia̍t-tài kùi-hong khì-hāu, í-lâm sī jia̍t-tài kùi-hong khì-hāu.\n\nChóng-lūn\n---------\n\nTâi-oân ūi-tī kùi-hong khì-hāu ê hoān-ûi lāi, kùi-hong ê éng-hióng pí sìn-hong ê éng-hióng toā. 5 goe̍h kàu 9 goe̍h sī Tâi-oân ê hā-thiⁿ. Hā-thiⁿ chiân-kî siū-tio̍h se-lâm kùi-hong chhoā-lâi ê sip-tâm koh un-loán ê khì-hāu éng-hióng, lo̍h-bóe chiah siū-tio̍h hù-jia̍t-tài ko-ap ê éng-hióng; che sī iû jia̍t-tài hái-iûⁿ khì-thoân só͘ khòng-chè, ta̍k-kang khì-un tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ta̍t-tiò 27 chì 35-tō͘, jî-chhiáⁿ sip-tō͘ mā koân. 7 goe̍h ê pêng-kin khì-un ta̍t-tiò 28-tō͘. Hā-thiⁿ tn̂g, tang-thiⁿ siong-tùi khah-té, tang-thiⁿ siū léng khong-khì ê éng-hióng, í Tâi-pak koan-chhek-chām ê un-tō͘ e-tàng hun-chò: tāi-lio̍k léng-khì-thoân, kiông-lia̍t tāi-lio̍k léng-khì-thoân, hân-tiâu ê éng-hióng; ka-siōng Tâi-oân sì-bīn khoân-hái, it-tàn cho-gū lâi-chū kīn-oá Baygal Ô͘ kap Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k pak-hong hân-liû lâm-hā, mā in-ūi siū-tio̍h hái-iûⁿ loán-liû tiong-hô liáu hân-léng ê khì-un; ka-siōng chúi-khì chó͘-tòng, tì-sú khì-hāu mā pí-kàu un-loán; hām Hoâ-lâm iân-hái tē-khu, sīm-chí sī Hái-lâm-tó pak-pō͘ koh-khah un-loán. Che sī iû tāi-lio̍k khì-thoân só͘ khòng-chè. 1 goe̍h pêng-kin khì-un kài tī 15 chì 21-tō͘ chi-kan, tān-sī tī Ha̍p-hoan-soaⁿ, Gio̍k-san, Soat-san téng-téng soaⁿ-khu tē-tài iu-goân ū kàng-soat ê ki-hōe. In-chhú Tâi-oân hā-thiaⁿ sī se-lâm kùi-hong, tang-thiⁿ sī tang-pak kùi-hong, ū-sî mā ē siū-tio̍h khì-thoân ūi-tì lâi kái-piàn hong-hiòng; pí-lūn hā-thiⁿ 8 goa̍h Thài-pêng-iûⁿ ko-khì-ap só͘ chhoe ê tang-lâm hong; chhiu-thiⁿ ta-sò koh liâng-sóng ê tang-pak hong tī 10 goe̍h chin chia̍p-khoàⁿ.\n\n參考文獻\n----","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân ê khì-hāu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1203,2872,0.4188718662952646],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3553}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân ê bûn-hòa**, in-ūi Tâi-oân tē-lí ūi-tì ê te̍k-sû-sèng, ka-siōng kòe-khì 2000 tang ê î-bîn siā-hōe, iû to-iūⁿ-hòa ê jîn-chéng kap cho̍k-kûn lâi cho͘-sêng, jî-chhiáⁿ bô-kāng sî-tāi pōe-kéng ū to-bīn-hiòng ê thêng-hiān. Ùi siāng chá-kî ê Lâm-tó bûn-hòa, Bân-oa̍t bûn-hòa; tē-lí tōa hoat-hiān āu ê Hô-lân, Phû-tô-gâ, Se-pan-gâ si̍t-bîn-chiá tòa-lâi ê chá-kî Se-iûⁿ bûn-bêng; Tang-lêng-kok í-āu Tiong-kok tang-lâm iân-hái Hàn-jîn khai-sí tōa kui-bô͘ khai-khún só͘ tòa-lâi ê Bân-lâm bûn-hòa kap Kheh-ka bûn-hòa; Jû-ka, Tō-ka kap Hu̍t-kàu téng chong-kàu khai-sí tùi pún-tē hoat-seng éng-hióng; āu-lâi koh hūn-ha̍p Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê Ji̍t-pún bûn-hòa éng-hióng; 20 sè-kí tiong-ia̍p khí siū chiàn-āu Bí-kok bûn-hòa éng-hióng, í-ki̍p pún-thó͘ kap Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn ê bûn-hòa ho̍k-heng; 20 sè-kí tiong-āu-kî, Ìn-nî, Oa̍t-lâm téng Tang-hia̍p kok-ka tōa-liōng î-bîn Tâi-oân, lóng í-keng chhiau-kòe 10 bān jîn-kháu, tùi Tâi-oân to-gí-giân, bûn-hòa chō-sêng hong-hù ê kau-liû. Tâi-oân ê bûn-hòa mā in-ūi án-ne ū thoân-thóng kap hiān-tāi ê biān-hiòng, í Tâi-oân ûi chú-thé ê bûn-hòa hoān-tiû chiām-chiām khak-li̍p.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân ê bûn-hòa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1107,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1265}} -{"text":"**Im-sok** (音速), iū hō-chò **siaⁿ-sok** (聲速), chiū sī siaⁿ-im ê sok-tō͘, tēng-gī chò tan-ūi sî-kan lāi chín-tōng pho thoân-tē ê kī-lī. Im-sok hām thoân-tē kài-chit ê châi-chit chōng-hóng, chhin-chhiūⁿ bi̍t-tō͘, un-tō͘ kap ap-le̍k téng-téng, ū choa̍t-tùi ê koan-hē; tian-tó hām hoat-siaⁿ pho-goân pún-sin ê sok-tō͘ bô-koan. Nā-sī hoat-siaⁿ kap thiaⁿ-siaⁿ ê lâng chi-kan ū siong-tùi ūn-tōng ê koan-hē, chiū ē hêng-sêng Doppler hāu-èng. Ùi chit-ê koan-tiám chhut-hoat, lán ē-tàng chai-iáⁿ, chhiau-im-sok sî ê chē-chē bu̍t-lí hiān-siōng, chhin-chhiūⁿ chhiong-kek-pho kap im-po̍k, kî-si̍t hām siaⁿ-im bô-koan, sī hām ap-sok-pho bi̍t-chi̍p lúi-chek só͘ sán-seng ê bu̍t-lí hiān-siōng. Siaⁿ-im ê thoân-pò͘ sok-tō͘ tī kò͘-thé siōng-kín, tē-jī sī e̍k-thé, ah khì-thé ê im-sok siōng-kài bān. Thong-siông ê \"im-sok\" sī teh kóng khong-khì tiong ê im-sok, sī 343.2 m/s (1,236 km/hr). Im-sok ê kín-bān koh ē chiàu khong-khì ê chōng-thài, chhin-chhiūⁿ sip-tō͘, un-tō͘, bi̍t-tō͘ téng-téng, ê bô-kāng ū bô-kāng ê sò͘-ti̍t.","meta":{"title":"Im-sok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1013,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1165}} -{"text":"**Liāu Hàn-sîn** (Hàn-jī: 廖漢臣; 1912 nî 4 goe̍h 10 ji̍t – 1980 nî 10 goe̍h 11 ji̍t) sī chi̍t ūi Tâi-oân chok-ka, tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi Tâi-pak-thiaⁿ ê Báng-kah chhut-sì. I-ê pit-miâ hō-chò **Bûn-lān** (文爛) kap **Io̍k-bûn** (毓文). Liāu Hàn-sîn tī 1920 nî chìn-ji̍p Lāu-siông Kong-ha̍k-hāu chiū-tho̍k, 1926 nî pit-gia̍p. Sui-jiân i-ê kàu-io̍k thêng-tō͘ kan-nā ki-chhó͘ kàu-io̍k, m̄-koh keng-kòe chū-ha̍k liáu-āu, i-ê Hàn-bûn thêng-tō͘ kap bûn-pit lóng hui-siông ê lián-tńg. 1933 nî, Liāu Hàn-sîn chhut-jīm *Sin-ko Sin-pò* (新高新報) ê Hàn-bûn kì-chiá kiam Ji̍t-pún *Tang-a Sin-pò* (東亞新報) Tâi-pak chi-kio̍k ê kì-chiá. Tâng-nî, i hām Koeh Chhiu-seng tàu-tīn chhòng-li̍p Tâi-oân Bûn-gē Hia̍p-hōe (台灣文藝協會), hoat-hêng bûn-ha̍k cha̍p-chì *Sian-hoat Pō͘-tūi* (先發部隊). Liāu Hàn-sîn āu-lâi poaⁿ-chhian Tâi-lâm, hām Chng Siông-lîm kap Chio̍h Iông-sui chò-hóe so͘-chi̍p le̍k-sú bûn-hòa kap bîn-kan bûn-ha̍k.","meta":{"title":"Liāu Hàn-sîn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,878,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1015}} -{"text":"**Kiú-liông chē-siâⁿ** (九龍寨城), ia̍h sī kiò chò **Kiú-liông siâⁿ-chē** (九龍城砦), sī Hiong-káng Kiú-liông-siâⁿ-khu ê chi̍t ê ûi-siâⁿ (圍城), tī 1993 nî hō͘ thiah--tiāu. Kiú-liông chē-siâⁿ í-chêng sī sè-kài jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ choè ko ê tē-khu.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nKiú-liông chē-siâⁿ kó͘-chá sī Kńg-tang-séng Sin-an-koān (新安縣) tī Kiú-liông ê chi̍t ê phiaⁿ-êng, tùi 1899 nî 12 goe̍h khai-sí sêng-ûi Eng-kok léng Hiong-káng ê chi̍t ê bû-chèng-hú chōng-thài ê ûi-siâⁿ (圍城).\n\n1941 nî 12 goe̍h kàu 1945 nî 8 goe̍h, Hiong-káng hō͘ Ji̍t-pún chiàm-niá. Ji̍t-pún chiong Kiú-liông chē-siâⁿ ê siâⁿ-chhiûⁿ thiah--tiāu, chiong i ê chio̍h-thâu iōng-lâi khí Khé-tek Ki-tiûⁿ (啟德機場). Khit-chia̍h kap bô chhù toà ê lâng lâi kàu chia. In-ūi chit-tah ê chú-khoân ū cheng-gī, Hiong-káng kéng-chhat kap Hiong-káng chèng-hú bô-hoat-tō͘ chìn-ji̍p, Kiú-liông chē-siâⁿ piàn-sêng \"sam-put-koán\" (三不管) ê tē-khu: Hiong-káng chèng-hú m̄ kám koán, Eng-kok chèng-hú m̄ ài koán, Tiong-kok chèng-hú bô-hoat-tō͘ koán, chit-tah tī-an loān-chhau-chhau.\n\n1984 nî, Tiong-kok kap Eng-kok chèng-hú chhiam-tēng *Tiong-Eng Liân-ha̍p Seng-bêng*, iok-tēng Eng-kok tī 1997 nî 7 goe̍h 1 ji̍t chiong Hiong-káng ê chú-khoân kau tńg Tiong-kok. 1987 nî kàu 1993 nî, Eng-kok kap Tiong-kok chiàu *Tiong-Eng Liân-ha̍p Seng-bêng* ê iok-tēng, saⁿ-kap chiong Kiú-liông chē-siâⁿ thiah--tiāu, kái choè Kiú-liông chē-siâⁿ Kong-hn̂g (九龍寨城公園).","meta":{"title":"Kiú-liông chē-siâⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1353,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1569}} -{"text":"**Seⁿ-kiáⁿ-tē** (生囝袋, **chú-kiong**, 子宮, *uterus*, *womb*) sī bó-ê chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t (*mammal*) ê chú-iàu seng-si̍t khì-koan, i sī an-tah koh êng-ióng phoe-thai he̍k thai-jî ê pōng-sim kin-bah khì-koan. Tī jîn-lūi i sī se-iûⁿ-lî hêng-chōng (*pear-shaped*) ê kiat-kò·, tn̂g tāi-iok 3 eng-chhùn, pau-koah chú-kiong pún-thé (*the body of uterus*), chú-kiong té (子宮底), chú-kiong kiap (子宮峽), chú-kiong kún (子宮頸, *cervix*). Seⁿ-kiáⁿ-tē ē-kha chiap im-tō (*vagina*), téng-koân siang-pêng liân-chiap seⁿ-kńg (su-nn̄g-koân, *fallopian tube*). Seⁿ-kiáⁿ-tē ti̍t-chiap iû im-tō chi-chhî, kàn-chiap iû kut-phûn (骨盆, *pelvis*) lāi-té ê kok cho·-chit lâi kò·-tēng.\n\nKái-phòa-ha̍k\n-------------\n\nChit-ê seⁿ-kiáⁿ-tē ūi-tì kut-phûn-khiuⁿ lāi, phōng-kong ê pōe-chhek (dorsal) kap thâu-chhek (*rostral*), ti̍t-tn̂g (*rectum*) ê bak-chhek (*ventral*). I hō· kúi-nā tiâu jū-tòa (*ligament*) lâi pa̍k-sok kò·-tēng. Ū-sin í-gōa, i ê tōa-sè kan-tāⁿ kúi kong-hun na-tiāⁿ.\n\nSeⁿ-kiáⁿ-tē tōa-pō·-hūn sī ki-bah só· chó·-sêng, siāng lāi-té hit têng cho·-chit kiò-chò chú-kiong-lāi-mo̍h (*endometrium*). Tī tōa-pō·-hūn ê chhī-ni tōng-bu̍t, nā-bô ū-sin chú-kiong-lāi-mo̍h ē chiu-kî-sèng thoat-lo̍k he̍k khip-siu. Tī jîn-lūi lâi-kóng chit ê chú-kiong-lāi-mo̍h thoat-lo̍k ê chêng-hêng tio̍h-sī go̍eh-sìn (*menstrual bleeding*), it-ti̍t kàu bô seⁿ-io̍k lêng-le̍k ê sî chiah thêng-chí--khí-lâi.\n\nKong-lêng\n---------\n\nSeⁿ-kiáⁿ-tē chú-iàu ê kong-lêng sī chiap-siū nn̄g-ū-hêng (*fertilized ovum*) lâi chèng-si̍t (*implant*) tī chú-kiong-lāi-mo̍h, nn̄g-ū-hêng jiân-āu ùi hoeh-kńg tit-tio̍h êng-ióng. Chit-ê nn̄g-ū-hêng tī hoâi-thāi kòe-têng ē hoat-io̍k tāi-seng choh phoe-thai (*embryo*), āu--lâi koh hoat-io̍k sêng thai-jî (*foetus*), jiân-āu chiok-goe̍h chhut-sì.\n\nPēⁿ-lí\n------\n\n1-kóa seⁿ-kiáⁿ-tē ê pēⁿ:\n\n* seⁿ-kiáⁿ-tē thoat-sûi (*prolapse of uterus*)\n* chú-kiong-kún-gâm\n* chú-kiong-gâm\n* ī-ūi hoâi-thāi (*ectopic pregnancy*)\n* chú-kiong-ki-liû (*fibroid*)","meta":{"title":"Seⁿ-kiáⁿ-tē","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[135,1849,0.0730124391563007],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2178}} -{"text":"GAN deepfake seⁿ-sêng ê lâng-bīn.\n**Seⁿ-sêng tùi-khòng bāng-lō͘** (生成對抗網絡), Eng-gí hō-chò **generative adversarial network** (**GAN**), sī bô-kàm-tok ha̍k-si̍p ê chi̍t khoán hong-hoat. Seⁿ-sêng tùi-khòng bāng-lō͘ thàu-kòe nn̄g ê sîn-keng bāng-lō͘ hō͘-siong chhit-thô ê hong-sek lâi chìn-hêng ha̍k-si̍p. Chit khoán bāng-lō͘ iû Ian Goodfellow téng lâng tī 2014 nî thê-chhut. Goân-sí ê seⁿ-sêng tùi-khòng bāng-lō͘ iû chi̍t ê seⁿ-sêng bāng-lō͘ (*generator*) kap chi̍t ê piān-pia̍t bāng-lō͘ (*discriminator*) chó͘-sêng. Kî-tiong, seⁿ-sêng bāng-lō͘ tùi chiâm-chāi khong-kan (*latent space*) tiong sûi-ki chhú-iūⁿ chò-ûi su-ji̍p, i-ê su-chhut kiat-kó ài chīn-liōng bô͘-hóng hùn-liān-chi̍p tiong ê chin-si̍t iūⁿ-pún. Piān-pia̍t bāng-lō͘ ê su-ji̍p sī chin-si̍t iūⁿ-pún ia̍h seⁿ-sêng bāng-lō͘ ê su-chhut, i-ê bo̍k-tek sī beh kā seⁿ-sêng bāng-lō͘ ê su-chhut tùi chin-si̍t iūⁿ-pún tiong siūⁿ pān-hoat piān-pia̍t chhut-lâi, ah seⁿ-sêng bāng-lō͘ ài siūⁿ pān-hoat khi-phiàn piān-pia̍t bāng-lō͘. Nn̄g ê bāng-lō͘ hō͘-siong tùi-khòng kap put-toàn tiâu-chéng chham-sò͘, chòe-āu ài hō͘ piān-pia̍t bāng-lō͘ bô-hoat-tō͘ piān-pia̍t seⁿ-sêng bāng-lō͘ ê su-chhut kiat-kó sī chin ia̍h-sī ké.","meta":{"title":"Seⁿ-sêng tùi-khòng bāng-lō͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1194,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1365}} -{"text":"Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson kap in sun\n**Sun** (孫; *grandchild*) sī hāu-seⁿ kap cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ ê kiáⁿ-jî. Tī hū-hē-chè ê siā-hōe tiong, hāu-seⁿ ê kiáⁿ kiò **lāi-sun** (內孫), ah cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ ê kiáⁿ kiò **gōa-sun** (外孫). Tùi ka-kī ê sun lâi kóng, ka-kī chiū sī a-kong kap a-má. Sun ê kiáⁿ kiò **kan-á-sun** (乾仔孫).\n\nIōng-gí\n-------\n\nTī Bân-lâm-gí, *sun* chit jī ia̍h ū hiaⁿ-tī chí-moāi ê kiáⁿ-jî ê ì-sù. Nā choan-bûn ê kóng-hoat, sī seng kap ti̍t. Tī sè-kài siōng chi̍t kóa giân-gí, ia̍h pō͘-hūn têng-kiàn--chhut-lâi ê kó͘-gí, \"kiáⁿ-jî ê kiáⁿ-jî\" kap \"hiaⁿ-tī chí-moāi ê kiáⁿ-jî\" chheng-ho͘ sī siô-siâng--ê. Chóng-sī ha̍k-kài tùi Bân-lâm-gí *sun* ì-sù ê khí-in iáu bô goân-choân khak-tēng ê lí-lūn.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Kinship Terms, *Taiwanese-English Dictionary*\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh93000909\n* GND: 4014810-5\n* NKC: ph139154\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Sun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[101,783,0.12899106002554278],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1031}} -{"text":"Latin-bûn ê jī-tián, jī-tián mā-sī chheh ê 1-chióng.\n**Chheh** (冊) mā kóng-chò **chu** (書), sī 1-tiuⁿ 1-tiuⁿ choá kap-chò kui-pún, chi̍t-pêng ê kîⁿ he̍k-sī tèng he̍k-sī liâm tiâu--leh, thang hō͘ lâng hian lâi tha̍k, siōng goā-kháu koh ka chu-phoê pó-hō͘ lâi chò-chiâⁿ--ê. Ta̍k-tiuⁿ choá ê ta̍k-bīn, lóng kiò-chò 1-ia̍h.\n\nŪ ê chheh-ia̍h m̄-sī ēng choá chò--ê, koh-khah-sī kó͘-chá iáu bô choá ê sî, mā ēng iûⁿ-phoê-choá ia̍h-sī pò͘ chò chheh, koh pí-lūn Tiong-kok kó͘-chá ê sî, tō-sī ēng tek-á chhiat-chò 1-phìⁿ 1-phìⁿ, kǹg-chò-hoé chò chheh.\n\nChheh-ia̍h ê téng-koân ū bûn-jī, ū-sî-chūn koh ū tô͘, tī ìn-pán ê ki-su̍t hoat-tián chìn-chêng, chheh tio̍h ēng chhiú 1-jī 1-jī siá ia̍h chhau--khí-lih, nā hiān-chhú-sî ê chheh lóng ìn-jī--ê khah chē. Koh nā bô si̍t-chè kā ìn--chhut-lâi, kan-taⁿ chò tiān-chú tóng-àn ê chheh, tō-sī tiān-chú-chheh.\n\nÀi tha̍k chheh ê lâng tiāⁿ ē hō͘ lâng kóng-chò sī nn̄g-kha chheh-tû, ia̍h-sī chheh-ku-á.\n\nChheh ū khó-lêng hō͘ ha̍k-seng tha̍k liáu siá tha̍k-chheh pò-kò, mā hoān-sè ē ū choan-gia̍p ê chok-chiá siá chu-phêng lâi siāu-kài, ū-sî-chūn chi̍t-tīn lâng mā ē in-ūi hèng-chhù, cho͘ 1-ê tha̍k-chheh-hoē.\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Information on Old Books, Smithsonian Libraries\n* \"Manuscripts, Books, and Maps: The Printing Press and a Changing World\"\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85015738\n* GND: 4008570-3\n* BNF: cb119322951 (data)\n* HDS: 010461\n* NDL: 00573378\n* NKC: ph114930\n* BNE: XX4576243\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Chheh","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[218,1380,0.15797101449275364],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1713}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Hû-song-hoe |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Malvales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Malvaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Hibiscus* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***H. rosa-sinensis*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Hibiscus rosa-sinensis***L. |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Hû-song-hoe** (hàn-jī: 扶桑花), he̍k **chiò-tiān-âng**, **âng-hu̍t-song**, **chu-gím-hoe**, **hu̍t-song-hoe**, **toā-âng-hoe**,**teng-á-hoe**, (ha̍k-miâ: *Hibiscus rosa-sinensis* L.) kui-sio̍k-tī Kím-khôe-kho (錦葵科, Malvaceae), sī siông-le̍k koàn-bo̍k. Seⁿ-sèng chiok ióng-kiāⁿ, sek-ha̍p tī pâi-chúi liông-hó, kui-kang ū-ji̍t ê khoân-kéng seng-tióng. Pēⁿ-thâng-hāi chió. Tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hō·-lâng chèng lâi chò chhiū-lî-á he̍k hoe-hn̂g khoàⁿ-súi iōng.\n\nHêng-thài\n---------\n\nChiò-tiān-âng ê keng ti̍t-ti̍t khia-khí, chē hun-ki.\n\nHió-á hō·-seng, ke-nn̄g-hêng, phi-chiam-hêng, he̍k khoah ke-nn̄g-hêng, chiam-thâu koh ū kì-á-khí-hêng ê pian-iân, soàⁿ-hêng thok-hio̍h (線形托葉), hio̍h-á piáu-bīn chhián-chhián ê chheⁿ-sek kim-ku̍t-kim-ku̍t. \n\nHoe âng-sek, ùi hio̍h-pèⁿ ê koh-ē-lang hoat-chhut (e̍k-seng), ū tn̂g-tn̂g ê hoe-pèⁿ; hoe-pān 5 phìⁿ kńg-lê-hêng pâi-lia̍t; hoe-lúi thut-chhut tī hoe-pān goā-kháu-bīn, hiông-lúi seⁿ tī chū-thâu ē-kha. \n\nKóe-chí sī sok-kó, ke-nn̄g-hêng.\n\nThoàⁿ-chéng ê hoat-tō·\n----------------------\n\nChhian-chhah-hoat lâi thoàⁿ-chéng, 7 goe̍h kàu 9 goe̍h sī siāng-sek-tóng ê kùi-chiat. \n\n* \n* \n* \n* \n*\n\nGoā-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Hibiscus rosa-sinensis*** |\n\n* Hibiscus rosa-sinensis(India)(\n* Pang-bô͘:Aut (2005): Beija-flores (Aves, Trochilidae) e seus recursos florais em uma área urbana do Sul do Brasil [Hummingbirds (Aves, Trochilidae) and their flowers in an urban area of southern Brazil]. [Portuguese with English abstract] *Revista Brasileira de Zoologia* **22**(1): 51–59. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752005000100007 PDF fulltext\n* \"*Hibiscus rosa-sinensis*\". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.\n* The International Hibiscus Society ()\n* The American Hibiscus Society (),()\n* The Australian Hibiscus Society Inc. ()","meta":{"title":"Hû-song-hoe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[730,1807,0.40398450470392916],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2389}} -{"text":"\n\n1605 nî, tē 1 pán\n***Don Quijote de la Mancha*** (kán-chheng ***Don Quijote***) sī Se-pan-gâ chok-ka Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1547-1616) ê tn̂g-phiⁿ siáu-soat. Chheh miâ mā ū hō chò ***El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha*** (La Mancha lâi ê khiàng-kha *hidalgo* Don Quijote). \"Don Quijote\" oân-nā sī chit-pún siáu-soat lāi-té chú-jîn-ong ê miâ.\n\nSiáu-soat\n---------\n\nChit-pún siáu-soat, kán-séng lâi kóng, tō-sī 1-ê toà tī chng-kha ê kē-chân hoâ-cho̍k in-ūi tha̍k khiâ-sū kò·-sū (hit-tang-chūn Au-chiu sî-kiâⁿ ê bûn-ha̍k chú-tê) tha̍k liáu bê--khì, soah kā ka-tī tòng-chò thoân-soat lāi-té ê 1-ê khiâ-sū, i kā ka-tī hō-miâ kiò-chò **Don Quijote de la Mancha**, khì kā lâng chioh 1-chiah sán koh lám ê bé **Rocinante** lâi khiâ, hām 1-ê hō-chò **Sancho Panza** ê kin-sûi, sì-koè lú-hêng ê kò·-sū.\n\n\"Don Quijote de la Mancha\" chit-ê miâ-hō, \"Don\" sī hit-tang-chūn koân-chân hoâ-cho̍k ê miâ thaû-chêng ē ka ê jī, nā \"de la Mancha\" sī chí i pún-té khiā-ke ê Mancha-chhun.\n\nChit-pō· chok-phín khêng-si̍t sī siá lâi phoe-phêng hit-sî-chūn í-keng kū-siùⁿ kū-siùⁿ ê Se-pan-gâ, lāi-té siōng-chhut-miâ--ê tō-sī Don Quijote kong-táⁿ hong-chhoe-lián ê hit-kéng. In-ūi khiâ-sū thang khoàⁿ-chò siōng-teng Se-pan-gâ, hong-chhoe-lián ū siōng-teng Hô-lân ê ì-sù, khiâ-sū Don Quijote chiàn-su hong-chhia-lián ê chit-kéng, hō· chi̍t-koá ha̍k-chiá jīn-ûi, chok-chiá ū àm-chí Kē-tē-kok aū--lâi tùi Se-pan-gâ to̍k-li̍p ê ì-sù.\n\nChok-chiá tī chit-pō· siáu-soat--ni̍h, ka-ji̍p chē-chē chú-jîn-ong ê chū-ngó· ì-sek kap sêng-tióng ê biô-siá, hām hit-sî-tāi ê siáu-soat chok-phín chiâⁿ koh-iūⁿ, mā éng-hióng aū--lâi ê siáu-soat chhòng-chok, nā siáu-soat lāi-té ê hit-khoán m̄-jīn lāu, tui-kiû bāng-sióng kap hi-bāng, tī sim--ni̍h tài chèng-gī sì-koè chaú-chông ê loē-iông, mā kám-tōng chē-chē lâng.\n\n*Don Quijote* mā sī Sèng-keng lia̍h-goā, sè-kài-siōng chhut-pán siōng-chē ê chheh, sī chin ū-siau-thaú ê siáu-soat, 2002-nî 5 goe̍h chhoe 8 Nobel Gián-kiù-só· kap ài-chheh thoân-thé hoat-piáu 1-hūn tiau-cha kiat-kó, keng-koè 54-kok lóng-chóng 100-ê chhut-miâ bûn-ha̍k-ka ê taû-phiò, *Don Quijote* tòng-soán \"le̍k-sú-siōng siōng-hó ê 100-pō· bûn-ha̍k chok-phín\" ê thâu-miâ.\n\n### Kiat-kò͘\n\n *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\n### Ké-paû ê Don Quijote\n\n *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\n### Chú-kak\n\n *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nIm-ga̍k\n-------\n\n *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nTiān-iáⁿ kap hì-kio̍k\n---------------------\n\n *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nPa-lé\n-----\n\n *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*","meta":{"title":"Don Quijote","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2521,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3033}} -{"text":"**Siông-gô** sī Tiong-kok ê 1-ê sîn-ōe jîn-bu̍t. Mā ū lâng kóng-chò **Siâng-ngô·** (Siông-ngô·; Hàn-jī siá-chò 嫦娥).\n\nSiông-gô mā-sī Tiong-kok-lâng ê go̍eh-niû lú-sîn. Chóng--sī i hām kî-thaⁿ bûn-hòa lāi-té, kā go̍eh-niû pí-jîn-hòa (*personify*) ê chò-hoat bô-kâng, Siông-gô i m̄-sī tāi-piáu go̍eh-niû, i kan-taⁿ sī khiā tī go̍eh-niû téng-kôan niā-tiāⁿ.\n\nSiông-gô ê thôan-soat ū kúi-ā-chióng bô-kāng-khóan ê pán-pún, m̄-koh lāi-té chha-put-to lóng ū ē-bīn chiah-ê chú-kak kap mi̍h-kiāⁿ:\n\n* Gâu siā-chìⁿ ê Hō·-gē (后羿). Ū ê pán-pún kóng i sī 1-ê hó ông, ū ê pán-pún kóng i sī 1-ê pháiⁿ ông.\n* Chia̍h-liáu tō éng-óan bē-sí ê io̍h-á.\n* Siông-gô bóe--ā poe--khí-lih ê go̍eh-niû.\n\nSiông-gô hām gâu siā-chìⁿ ê Hō·-gē ê kò·-sū\n-------------------------------------------\n\nĒ-kha sī Siông-gô ê kò·-sū kî-tiong ê 1-ê pán-pún.\n\nChit-ê kò·-sū sī kóng, Sò·-ngô ham Hō·-gē gôan-té lóng sī tòa tī thiⁿ-téng ê sîn. Ū 1-kang, Gio̍k-hông-tāi-tè ê 10-ê kiáⁿ-jî soah piàn-chò 10-lia̍p ji̍t-thâu, kā thó·-tē kiōng-beh pha̍k kah chhàu-hóe-ta--khì, liân Gio̍k-hông-tāi-tè mā bô in ê hoat-tō·, chí-hó tiàu Hō·-gē lâi tàu-saⁿ-kāng. Hō·-gē pún-té tō gâu sái-chìⁿ, choaⁿ-á kā Gio̍k-hông-tāi-tè ê 9-ê hāu-siⁿ siā--lo̍h-lâi, kan-taⁿ lâu 1-ê gôan-chāi. Gio̍k-hông-tāi-tè chai-iáⁿ ka-tī 9-ê hāu-siⁿ hō· siā--sí, chin siūⁿ-khì, tō kā Hō·-gē kap Sò·-ngô kòaⁿ lâi tē-chiūⁿ, piàn-chò ē lāu ē sí ê phó·-thong-lâng.\n\nHō·-gē chi̍t-ê chai-iáⁿ Sò·-ngô ūi-tio̍h bô-hoat-tō· éng-oán o̍ah-leh teh kan-khó. Tō koat-tēng beh khì chiok-hn̄g chiok-hn̄g ê só·-chāi, lāng-hiám khì chhōe chia̍h-liáu tō bē-sí ê io̍h-á, ǹg-bāng in ang-á-bó ē-tàng éng-éng chò-hóe.\n\nBóe--ah i ùi Se-hng-ông-bió hia kiû-tio̍h io̍h-oân, m̄-koh Se-hng-ông-bió mā kā kéng-kò·, nā beh éng-óan o̍ah-leh, 1-ê lâng kan-taⁿ thang chia̍h pòaⁿ-lia̍p tō hó.\n\nHō·-gē kā io̍h-oân the̍h--tńg-lâi, hē tī 1-ê a̍p-á lāi-té, i kā Siông-gô kóng, m̄-thang kā a̍p-á phah--khui, tō chhut--khì-ah. Chóng--sī Sò·-ngô chin hó·ⁿ-hiân, choaⁿ-á kā khui-khui, khòaⁿ-tio̍h io̍h-oân, i thiaⁿ-tio̍h Hō·-gē tńg--lâi ê siaⁿ, kiaⁿ Hō·-gē chai-iáⁿ i thau-khòaⁿ, chi̍t-ē kín-tiuⁿ bô-tiuⁿ-tî kā kui-lia̍p io̍h-oân thun--loeh, kiat-kó in-ūi ke chia̍h pòaⁿ-lia̍p, choaⁿ-á khai-sí poe chiūⁿ thiⁿ, sui-bóng Hō·-gē ū siūⁿ-beh ēng chìⁿ kā siā, khah-bián i ná poe ná kôan, m̄-koh i bô-hoat-tō· hē-chhiú siong-hāi ka-tī ê bó, in-ūi án-ne, Siông-gô lō·-bóe choaⁿ-á poe khì-lih kàu go̍eh-niû téng-kôan.\n\nSiông-gô lī-khui in ang, 1-ê lâng khiā tī go̍eh-niû-téng, m̄-koh i iáu-sī ū phōaⁿ tī-leh, ū 1-chiah gio̍k-thò·, choan-tô· teh chò chia̍h-liáu éng-éng bē-sí ê io̍h-á, chin-chhù-bī ê sī Ji̍t-pún ê bîn-kan oan-ná ū chin-chē chit-khóan thò·-á tòa tī go̍eh-niû-téng ê kò·-sū.\n\nThò·-á lia̍h-gōa, koh ū 1-ê chhò chhiū-á ê lâng, hō-chò Gô· Kang. I in-ūi siūⁿ-beh éng-óan o̍eh-leh, khì tit-sit-tio̍h sîn, hō· sîn kā ho̍at i tio̍h tiàm tī go̍eh-niû-téng, it-ti̍t kàu i kā hia ê 1-châng chhiū-á chhò hō· tó chiah thang lī-khui. Būn-tê sī he chhiū-á ná chhò tō ná chiàu-gôan, sian chhò tō chhò bē-tó, só·-í i tō éng-óan tī hia chhò chhiū, éng-éng bē-tàng lâi lī-khui.\n\nSiang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* Peh-go̍eh-cheh\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong-kok sîn-ōe |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chú-tê | \n* Khai-thian-tē\n* Pok\n* bîn-kan sìn-gióng\n* chong-kàu\n* Sîn-ōe Jîn-bu̍t\n* Iau-koài\n\n |\n| |\n| Jîn-bu̍t | \n* Phoân-kó͘\n* Lú-oa\n* Sam-hông Ngó͘-tè\n* Peh Sian\n* Sîn-lông\n* Hū-hi\n* Chhi-iû\n* Gio̍k-hông-siōng-tè\n* kiú-thian-hiân-lú\n* Se-ông-bió\n* Thài-siōng Ló-kun\n* Lô-chhia\n* Siông-gô\n* Hō͘-gē\n* Cheng-ōe\n* Khoa-hū\n* Sam-kài-kong\n* Lú-po̍at\n* Iâu Ki\n* Má-thian-kun\n* Chhit-niû-má Seⁿ\n* Ji̍t-iā-iû-sîn\n* Chhong-khiat\n* lêng-ông\n* Hân-tan-iâ\n* Siáu-tián\n* Kuì-liân\n\n |\n| |\n| Seng-bu̍t | \n* Lêng\n* Hiân-bú\n* Chheng-liông\n* Pe̍k-hó͘\n* Chu-chhiok\n* Kî-lîn\n* Hōng-hông\n* Hô͘-lî-chiaⁿ\n* Chio̍h-sai\n* Pî-hiu\n* Liân-siù\n* Hāi-thoā\n\n |\n| |\n| Tē-hng | \n* Hû-song\n* Hông-lâi\n* Im-kan\n* Khun-lūn-san\n* ki̍k-lo̍k\n* Thô-hoa-goân\n* Êng-chiu\n* Hong-tiōng-san\n\n |\n| |\n| Bûn-ha̍k | \n* *San-hái-keng*\n* *So͘ Sîn Kì*\n* *Si̍p-uî-kì*\n* *Thô-hoa-goân-kì*\n* *Hong-sîn Ián-gī*\n* *Pe̍h-siâ-tōan*\n* *Liâu-chai Chì-ī*\n* *Se-iû-kì*\n* *Chú-put-gú*\n* *Thian-sian-phòe*\n* *Chúi-keng Chù*\n* *kiàⁿ-hoa-iân*\n* *hoâi-lâm Chú*\n* *Pó-lián Teng*\n* *E̍k-keng*\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Siông-gô","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1033,3930,0.2628498727735369],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4998}} -{"text":"Iran ê tē-it kip hêng-chèng-khu sī *ostan* (Pho-su-gí: استان‌ها‎‎‎, ostānhā; it-poaⁿ hoan-e̍k chò séng).\n\nMúi-chi̍t ê séng koh pun chò *shahrestan* (Pho-su-gí: شهرستان‎‎‎, *shahrestān*; it-poaⁿ hoan-e̍k chò kūn); ah múi-chi̍t ê *shahrestan* koh pun chò *bakhsh* (Pho-su-gí: بخش‎‎‎; it-poaⁿ hoan-e̍k chò koān). Múi-chi̍t ê kūn lāi-té it-poaⁿ lóng ū kúi-nā ê *shahr* (Pho-su-gí: شهر‎‎‎; it-poaⁿ hoan-e̍k chò siâⁿ-chhī) kap *dehestan* (Pho-su-gí: دهستان‎‎‎, *dehestān*; it-poaⁿ hoan-e̍k chò *hiong*). Múi-chi̍t ê hiong ē-kha koh pun chò kúi-nā ê chng-thâu. Kūn lāi-té ê kî-tiong chi̍t ê chhī/tìn tio̍h sī hit kūn ê siú-hú.\n\nKin-kì Iran chèng-hú tī 2016 nî 3 goe̍h sî ê thóng-kè:\n\n| Bân-lâm-gí | Pho-su-gí | Pho-su-gí hù-sò͘ | sò͘-liōng |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Séng | استان *ostān* | استان‌ها *ostānhā* | 31 |\n| Kūn | شهرستان *shahrestān* | | 429 |\n| Koān | بخش *bakhsh* | | 1057 |\n| Siâⁿ-tìn | شهر *shahr* | | 1245 |\n| Hiong | دهستان *dehestān* | | 2589 |\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nIran ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n* Alborz\n* Ardabil\n* Bushehr\n* Chaharmahal kap Bakhtiari\n* Tang Azerbaijan\n* Isfahan\n* Fars\n* Gilan\n* Golestan\n* Hamadan\n* Hormozgan\n* Ilam\n* Kerman\n* Kermanshah\n* Khuzestan\n* Kohgiluyeh kap Boyer-Ahmad\n* Kurdistan\n* Lorestan\n* Markazi\n* Mazandaran\n* Pak Khorasan\n* Qazvin\n* Qom\n* Razavi Khorasan\n* Semnan\n* Sistan kap Baluchestan\n* Lâm Khorasan\n* Tehran\n* Sai Azerbaijan\n* Yazd\n* Zanjan\n\n | |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Iran ê hêng-chèng-khu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[495,1135,0.43612334801762115],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1586}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân ê keng-chè** tī tē-jī-chhù sè-kài tāi-chiàn kiat-sok liáu-āu, í Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê lông-gia̍p kap kheng-kang-gia̍p chò ki-chhó͘, ta̍uh-ta̍uh hoat-tián khí-lâi í tiong-sió khì-gia̍p léng-tō tâu-chu ê sió-hêng chu-pún-chú-gī keng-chè-thé, Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chèng-hú chú-koán tâu-chu toā-pō͘-hūn ê kong-êng su-gia̍p-thé í-ki̍p chē-chē kok-goā tâu-chu só͘ ín-tō ê chu-pún-chú-gī keng-chè-thé.\n\nTī 1951 nî chì 1988 nî, Tâi-oân ta̍k-nî ê pêng-kin keng-chè cheng-tióng-lu̍t ta̍t-tiò 9.57%, 1988 nî chì 2008 nî sī 6.1%, 2008 nî chì 2015 nî sī 2.8%.Lông-gia̍p GDP tiong ê pí-tiōng ùi 1952 nî ê 35% hā-kàng chì 5%. Thoân-thóng lô-tōng bi̍t-chi̍p-hêng kang-gia̍p í-keng ta̍uh-ta̍uh iû tiān-chú sán-gia̍p thè-tāi. Tâi-oân ê tiān-chú kang-gia̍p tùi sè-kài keng-chè hoah-chúi-ē-kian-tàng, it-tēng sò͘-liōng ê tiān-náu ia̍h tiān-chú lêng-pō͘-kiāⁿ lóng sī tī Tâi-oân seng-sán ê. Tùi-goā ê bō͘-e̍k sī Tâi-oân tiōng-iàu ê keng-chè miā-me̍h, tī kòe-khì Bí-kok hām Ji̍t-pún tn̂g-kî í-lâi it-ti̍t lóng sī Tâi-oân ê chiân nn̄g-toā bō͘-e̍k hóe-phoāⁿ, hiān-chāi sī kā chhī-tiûⁿ kap jîn-châi ê tiōng-sim choán-î chì Tiong-kok, tī Tiong-kok ū gô͘-bān-goā ê Tâi-chu khì-gia̍p, tn̂g-kî ki-lâu ê Tâi-siong kap koàn-sio̍k ū chiūⁿ pah-bān lâng hiah chē. Lēng-goā ū pō͘-hūn choán-hiòng Au-lô-pa hām Tang-lâm-a ê chhī-tiûⁿ, kî-tiong Thài-kok, Ìn-nî, Hui-lu̍t-pin, Má-lâi-se-a kap Oa̍t-lâm ê chú-iàu tâu-chu-tē ê kok-ka.\n\nTī 2008 nî, tòe Tâi-oân tē-2 pái chèng-tóng lûn-thè, tiông-sin chip-chèng ê Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng tī chèng-chhek siōng tńg-hô lióng-hoāⁿ koan-hē pēng ka-kiông hām Tiong-kok ê keng-bō͘ kau-liû koan-hē, chhiam-tēng Hái-kiap Lióng-gān Keng-chè Ha̍p-chok Kè-kò͘ Hia̍p-gī, kin-kì Tâi-oân châi-chèng-pō͘ thóng-kè ùi 2000 nî í-lâi tùi Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k bō͘-e̍k chhut-kháu chóng-gia̍h cheng-ka liáu tāi-iok 25%, ah tùi Bí-kok kap Ji̍t-pún ê chhut-kháu chóng-gia̍h kiám-chió liáu tāi-iok 18%, hiān-kim Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k kap Hiong-káng lóng-chóng chiàm Tâi-oân bō͘-e̍k chhut-kháu chóng-gia̍h ê 40%, tī 2013 nî sî khé-tōng Lióng-hoāⁿ hòe-pè chheng-soàn ki-chè, kim-iông-gia̍p tī Sin-tâi-phiò kap Jîn-bîn-pè ê hōe-tōe siōng, put-chài thàu-kòe Bí-kim chò-ûi tiong-kan hoè-pè, Tâi-oân tùi Tiong-kok hòng-tāi chóng-gia̍h ta̍t 2.7-tiāu Sin-tâi-phiò, sī ko-hong-hiám tāi-khoán, che hián-sī Tâi-oân ê keng-bō͘ í-keng siong-tong oá-khò Tiong-kok.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân ê keng-chè","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2357,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2680}} -{"text":"\n**Alfred Russel Wallace** (1823 nî 1 goe̍h 8 ji̍t – 1913 nî 11 goe̍h 7 ji̍t) sī chi̍t ūi tī Eng-kok Ui-le̍k-sū chhut-sì ê seng-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka, thàm-hiám-ka kiam tē-lí-ha̍k-ka. Wallace siōng chhut-miâ ê sêng-chiū kap kòng-hiàn sī i to̍k-chū iōng chū-jiân soán-te̍k lâi kiàn-li̍p-khí ián-hoà ê lí-lūn; i tī chit hong-bīn ê lūn-bûn āu-lâi hām Charles Darwin ê tù-chok chò-hóe tī 1858 nî ê sî-chūn hoat-hêng būn-sè. Wallace ê ián-hoà lí-lūn mā chhiok-chìn Darwin lâi chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ thê-chhut *Chéng ê Khí-goân*. Tû-liáu tī ián-hoà lí-lūn hong-bīn ê kòng-hiàn, Wallace lēng-gōa koh ū chin kóng-hoat ê gián-kiù; i chêng-āu kiâⁿ-iû kòe Amazon phûn-tē kap Má-lâi Kûn-tó. I hoat-hiān tio̍h chāi-tē ê tōng-bu̍t kûn-thé hun-pò͘ ê hun-kài, che chiū sī hiān-sî só͘-kóng-ê Wallace Sòaⁿ.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 19767134\n* LCCN: n79089631\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 1022 1630\n* GND: 118806009\n* SELIBR: 234980\n* SUDOC: 067033865\n* BNF: cb12419995h (data)\n* BIBSYS: 90514513\n* NLA: 35588258\n* NDL: 00460082\n* NKC: skuk0001457\n* ICCU: UFIV041825\n* Si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka: Wallace\n* BNE: XX964696\n* CiNii: DA00939914\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Alfred Russel Wallace","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[552,1318,0.4188163884673748],"infobox":["
    Alfred Russel Wallace
    \n
    1895 nî
    Tshut-sì\n1823 nî 1 goe̍h 8 ji̍t(1823-01-08)
    Ui-le̍k-sū
    Kuè-sin\n1913 nî 11 goe̍h 7 ji̍t (90 hòe)
    \"\" Eng-kek-lân Dorset
    Kok-tsi̍k\n\"\" Tāi Eng Té-kok
    Tsit-gia̍p\nthàm-hiám-ka, seng-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka
    Tù-miâ\nChū-jiân soán-te̍k
    Seng-bu̍t tē-lí-ha̍k
    Wallace Sòaⁿ
    Wallace èng-hāu
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1301}} -{"text":"**Ē-ham ni chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí** chit ki chhùi-khí ê khí-koan tī seⁿ-kiáⁿ-tē lāi-té 14 chiu ê sî khai-sí kài-hòa, chhut-sì āu 10 chiu kài-hòa oân-sêng. 6 kó·-goe̍h ê sî chhut-khí (*erupt*), 18 kó·-goe̍h ê sî khí-thâu oân-choân hêng-sêng. Chit ki chhùi-khí sī siāng sè ki ê ni-khí. I kah téng-ham chèng-tiong ni mn̂g-khí ū chha-put-to ê gōa-hêng, m̄-koh khí-koan ê chhiat-toan-khí-kún ê tn̂g-tō· pí kīn-oán-sim khah tn̂g. Khí-koan ê chhiat-toan-khí-kún ê tn̂g-tō· pí téng-ham khah té 1 mm.\n\n### Tûn-chhek-bīn (Labial)\n\nTûn-chhek bīn kan-taⁿ chin-chió ê tó·-tó·. Kīn-sim kap oán-sim ê pian-iân siong-tong--ê ti̍t, koh tòe tio̍h tn̂g-tek tauh-tauh-á siu-sok. Chhiat-toan pian-iân chiok po̍h, ùi téng-koân khòaⁿ--lo̍h-khí kā khí-koan pêng-hun choh 2-pêng.\n\n### Sia̍t-chhek-bīn\n\nKah tûn-chhek bīn beh-kāng beh-kāng, m̄-koh kīn-sim kap oán-sim ê pian-iân tī khí-kún só·-chāi ū hián-tio̍h ê siu-sok , só·-í tī khí-kún só·-chāi sán-seng 1-ê é kap chiam ê sia̍t-chhek piáu-bīn.\n\n### Khí-kin\n\nChit ê khí-kin sī ti̍t--ê, ǹg khí-kin-chiam hong-hiòng chiām-chiām siu-sok.\n\n### Khí-chhóe-khiuⁿ\n\nChit ê khí-chhóe-khiuⁿ ê hêng-chōng chham chhùi-khí ê gōa-hêng sio-siāng.","meta":{"title":"Ē-ham ni chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1122,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1314}} -{"text":"**Tân-kūn** (陳郡)，Tiong-kok ê kó͘ kūn miâ，iū koh kiò chò **Chhó͘-kūn** (楚郡), **Tân-kok** (陳國), **Hoâi-iông-kok** (淮陽國) ia̍h **Hoâi-iông-kūn** (淮陽郡), tiong-sim tē-khu tī chit-má ê Hô-lâm-séng Chiu-kháu-chhī hit chi̍t tah. Gūi Chìn Lâm-pa̍k-tiâu sî ū pún-tē chek-koàn ê sū-cho̍k Tân-kūn Siā-sī, siōng-kài ti-miâ.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Chîn-tāi kūn ê chheng-ho͘\n\n秦在前224年建立，但是郡一開始的名，姚鼐根據《史記·陳涉世家》記載「攻陳，陳守、令皆不在」，云「則知有陳郡矣」，認為「陳」是郡名。後來多數學者譬喻王國維、譚其驤都沿襲這種講法，而且認為秦設有陳郡。但是秦漢人講事，本來就有以郡治縣名代替郡名的習慣，譬喻南陽郡守稱呼宛守，會稽郡守稱呼吳守，東海郡守稱呼郯守。傳世秦封泥有「淮陽發弩」，雲夢秦墓四號墓出土的木牘家書記載「(黑夫)直佐淮陽，功反城久，〔死〕傷未可知也。」黃盛璋就對這家書作過詳細的考証，認為「是秦始皇的時陣，己經有淮陽之名，毋是在漢高帝時才有」。后曉榮考証認為初名叫做「楚郡」，後來才改叫淮陽郡，「傳統上認為是陳郡，實在是千古之誤」。領縣可証者有：陳縣、陽安、汝陽、南頓、汝陰、長平、新蔡、慎縣、柘縣、平輿、陽夏、新郪、新陽、陽城、榆縣、朗陵、陘山、西平、上蔡、成陽安陽、召陵、固陵、寢縣、項縣、安陵27縣。\n\n### Hàn-tiâu í-āu\n\n漢初，屬於韓信的楚國，後來才改叫做郡。高帝十一年（前196年）建立淮陽國。惠帝、呂后、文帝時廢除為郡。景帝三年（前154年）淮陽國改做淮陽郡。宣帝元康三年復置淮陽國。治陳縣（在這馬的河南省淮陽縣一帶），屬於**兗州刺史部**。成帝元延年間（大約是前8年）領有九縣：陳縣、苦縣（這馬的鹿邑縣一帶）、陽夏縣（這馬的太康縣一帶）、寧平縣（這馬的鄲城縣一帶）、扶溝縣、固始縣、圉縣（這馬的杞縣圉鎮）、新平縣、柘縣（這馬的柘城縣）。其管轄的所在大概在這馬的河南淮陽、太康、鹿邑、西華、柘城彼一帶。平帝元始二年（2年）有135544戶，981423人，王莽時淮陽改名叫做新平。\n\n後漢，光武帝建武元年（25年）建置淮陽國，封更始帝劉玄做淮陽王，無偌久國就廢掉。建武十五年（39年）復置淮陽國。章帝章和二年（88年）改淮陽國叫陳國漢順帝永和五年（140年），陳國有112653戶，1547572人，領縣有陳、陽夏、寧平、苦、柘、新平、扶樂、武平、長平9縣。獻帝建安二年陳國廢做陳郡。\n\n三國魏建置陳郡，領縣有陳、柘、武平、長平、項5縣。西晉時陳郡併入梁國，北魏時陳郡設治項縣（這馬的河南沈丘一帶）。隋朝開皇三年（583年）廢除。大業時年間建置淮陽郡，治宛丘縣（這馬的淮陽縣一帶）。唐朝建置陳州。\n\nKok-ông, thài-siú\n-----------------\n\n### Hioâi-iông-kok\n\n淮陽國（前187年—前180年）\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 傳位 | 諡號 | 姓名 | 在位年數 | 在位時間 |\n| 西漢淮陽國（前187年—前180年） |\n| 第1代 | 淮陽懷王 | 劉強 | 4年 | 前187年—前183年 |\n| 第2代 | 淮陽王 | 劉武 | 3年 | 前183年—前180年 |\n\n淮陽國（前176年—前168年）\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 傳位 | 諡號 | 姓名 | 在位年數 | 在位時間 |\n| 西漢淮陽國（前176年—前168年） |\n| 第1代 | 梁孝王 | 劉武 | 8年 | 前176年—前168年 |\n\n淮陽國（前155年－前153年）\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 傳位 | 諡號 | 姓名 | 在位年數 | 在位時間 |\n| 西漢淮陽國（前155年－前153年） |\n| 第1代 | 魯共王 | 劉餘 | 2年 | 前155年－前153年 |\n\n淮陽國（前63年－9年）\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 傳位 | 諡號 | 姓名 | 在位年數 | 在位時間 |\n| 西漢淮陽國（前63年－9年） |\n| 第1代 | 淮陽宪王 | 劉欽 | 36年 | 前63年－前27年 |\n| 第2代 | 淮陽文王 | 劉玄 | 26年 | 前27年－前1年 |\n| 第3代 | 淮陽王 | 劉縯 | 9年 | 前1年－9年 |\n\n陳國（88年－197年）\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 傳位 | 諡號 | 姓名 | 在位年數 | 在位時間 |\n| 東漢陳國（88年－197年） |\n| 第1代 | 陳敬王 | 劉羨 | 10年 | 88年－97年 |\n| 第2代 | 陳思王 | 劉鈞 | 21年 | 97年－117年 |\n| 第3代 | 陳懷王 | 劉竦 | 2年 | 118年－119年 |\n| 第4代 | 陳頃王 | 劉崇 | 5年 | 120年－124年 |\n| 第5代 | 陳孝王 | 劉承 | 不明 | 125年－？ |\n| 第6代 | 陳愍王 | 劉寵 | 不明 | ？－197年 |\n\n陳國（232年）\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 傳位 | 諡號 | 姓名 | 在位年數 | 在位時間 |\n| 曹魏陳國（232年） |\n| 第1代 | 陳思王 | 曹植 | 10年 | 232年 |\n\n### Le̍k-tāi thài-siú\n\nJîn-bu̍t\n--------\n\n* Tân-kūn Siā-sī\n\nchù-kái kip bûn-hiān\n--------------------\n\n1. ↑ 姚鼐《復談孝廉書》，《惜抱軒文集》卷六\n2. ↑ 黃盛璋《雲夢秦墓出土的兩封家信與歷史地理問題》，《歷史地理論集》\n3. ↑ 后曉榮《秦代政區地理》，254頁\n4. ↑ 后曉榮《秦代政區地理》，254-266頁\n5. ↑ 《漢書高帝紀》\n6. ↑ 後漢書光武帝紀\n7. ↑ 《後漢書光武帝紀》\n8. ↑ 《後漢書和帝紀》\n9. ↑ 《後漢書郡國志》二\n10. ↑ 《後漢書獻帝紀》\n11. ↑ 錢儀吉《三國會要》\n\n### Chham-khó su-bo̍k\n\n* 王先謙，《漢書補注》，中華書局影印虛受堂本\n* 王先謙，《後漢書集解》，中華書局影印虛受堂本\n* 譚其驤等，1974，《中國歷史地圖集》，北京：中國地圖出版社\n* 周振鶴，1987，《西漢政區地理》，北京：人民出版社\n* 李曉傑，1999，《東漢政區地理》，濟南：山東教育出版社\n* 錢儀吉，2006，《三國會要》，上海，上海古籍出版社\n* 后曉榮，2009，《秦代政區地理》，北京，社會科學文獻出版社","meta":{"title":"Tân-kūn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1419,3777,0.37569499602859413],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4783}} -{"text":"\n**Tsiat-ga̍k kui-kàm** (hàn-gú: 折獄龜鑑; koh kiò-tsò \"Kuat-ga̍k kui-kàm\" (決獄龜鑑)), sī Lâm Sòng jîn-sū Tīng Khik [zh] (鄭克) sóo tù-tsok ê àn-lē-tsi̍p. Siāu-hing 3-nî hā-tsiàu sut-hîng, Tīng Khik teh Ngóo-tāi sî-kî Hô Gîng [zh] pē-kiánn sóo tù-tsok ê \"Gî-ga̍k tsi̍p\" (疑獄集) ki-tshóo siōng tshòng-tsok uân-sîng \"Tsiat-ga̍k kui-kàm\".\n\nPian-tù kiat-kòo\n----------------\n\nTsiat-ga̍k kui-kàm tsit-pún tsheh iōng \"Gî-ga̍k tsi̍p\"(疑獄集) uî té-pún, tsing-ka tsiânn-tsē tiâu-bo̍k. Kòo-sū teh tsiànn-sú lāi-té tiānn-tiānn khuànn-tio̍h, hi̍k-tsiá tshut-teh bōo-tsì [zh], koh-khah hù-ik Sòng-tiâu ê kòo-sū. Tsi̍p-lio̍k tsū Tshun-tshiu, Tsiàn-kok tsì Pak-Sòng tāi-kuan, tsìng-hô nî-kan iú-kuan tuàn-ga̍k liōng-hîng ê àn-lē 270 guā-tiâu, 390 guā-ê kòo-sū, ping ta̍k-tiâu ka-í pîng-su̍t. Tsiânn-tsē tiaubok ê āu-piah, hù-iú Tīng Khik ê àn-gú. Luē-iông hun-tsò \"Sik Uan\" (釋冤) (siōng, hā), \"Pián Bû\" (辨誣), \"Kiok Tsîng\" (鞫情), \"Gī Tsuē\" (議罪), \"Iū Kò\" (宥過), \"Tîng Ok\" (懲惡), \"Tshat Kan\" (察奸), \"Hi̍k Kan\" (核奸), \"Ti̍k Kan\" (擿奸), \"Tshat Thik\" (察慝), \"Tsìng Thik\" (證慝), \"Kiou Thik\" (鉤慝), \"Tshat Tō\" (察盜), \"Tsik Tō\" (跡盜), \"Kiat Tō\" (譎盜), \"Tshat Tō\" (察賊), \"Tsik Tsi̍k\" (跡賊), \"Kiat Tsi̍k\" (譎賊), \"Giâm Bîng\" (嚴明), \"Kîn Kín\" (矜謹) tíng-tíng 20 luī. Bîng-tāi Íng-lo̍k tāi-tián kì-tsài ū uân-tsíng ê tsit-pún tsheh, m̄-ku kok-kuán kài-suànn í-king bô-huat-tōo lâi khó-tsìng. Tshing-tāi Sì-khòo kuán [zh]-sîn pat lâi ka-í kàu-tìng, tiông-sin tsíng-lí, hun-tsò 8-kuán. Tshing-tiâu jîn-sū Hôo Bûn-píng [zh] teh tsit-pún tsheh ê ki-tshóo tíng-kuân siá-uân \"Tsiat-ga̍k kui-kàm póo\" tsit-pún tsheh, tsóng-kè àn-tsîng ū 719 tsik, tāi-iok ū 26 bān [en] jī.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 刘壎《隐居通义》中有言：\"高宗绍兴三年，降诏恤刑，戒饬中外，俾务哀矜。时有承直郎郑克明，为湖南提刑幹官，因阅和凝疑狱集，嘉其用心，乃分类其事，自释冤、辩诬，至严明、矜谨，凡十二门，易旧名曰折狱龟鉴。\" (Hàn-gí)\n2. ↑ 《折獄龜鑑補譯註》,北京大學出版社，2006年. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Ióng-ló lu̍t-lēng [zh] (İóng-ló lu̍t-līng/養老律令)\n* Tāi-pó lu̍t-lēng [zh] (Tāi-pó lu̍t-līng/大宝令)\n* Lu̍t-lēng hoat [zh] (Lu̍t-līng huat/律令法)\n* Bú-tek lu̍t [zh] (Bú-tik lu̍t/武德律)\n* Res judicata [en] (Kì-phuàñ-li̍k/即判力)\n* Criminal procedure\n* Peking University Press\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:\n**Chiat-ga̍k kui-kàm** |\n\n* 折獄龜鑒 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃 (Hàn-gí)\n* 折狱龟鉴原文及白话文阅读\\_作者郑克 (Hàn-gí)\n* 鄭克與《折獄龜鑑》 | NTU Scholars (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chiat-ga̍k kui-kàm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1008,2629,0.38341574743248386],"infobox":["
    Tsiat-ga̍k kui-kàm
    Chok-chiá\nTīng Khik [zh]
    Kok-ka\nTiong-kok
    Gí-giân\nHàn-gú
    Lūi-hêng\nHuat-lu̍t àn-lē hām kòo-sū
    Chhut-pán-siā\nÍng-lo̍k tāi-tián tsông-pún, Sù-khòo kuán [zh]-sîn kàu-tsìng [en]
    Chhut-pán ji̍t-chí
    		\nLâm Sòng (kong-guân 1127－1279）tsi-kan
    Mûi-thé\nSuànn-tsng-tsheh
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2757}} -{"text":"\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n|  Chu-chúPek-ka |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Jû-ka |\n| |\n| Tō-ka |\n| |\n| Hoat-ka |\n| |\n| Be̍k-ka |\n| |\n| Bêng-ka |\n| |\n| Im-iông-ka |\n| |\n| Chhiòng-hêng-ka |\n| |\n| Cha̍p-ka |\n| |\n| Lông-ka |\n| |\n| Sió-soat-ka |\n| |\n| Peng-ka |\n| |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n |\n\n**Kiú-liû Si̍p-ka** (九流十家) ê kóng-hoat chhut-chú Pan Kò͘ ê *Hàn Su* *Gē-bûn-chì*: \"Chu-chú si̍p-ka, kî khó koan chiá, kiú-ka jî-í\" (諸子十家，其可觀者，九家而已). I kóng ê **si̍p-ka** (十家) sī Jû-ka, Tō-ka, Im-iông-ka, Hoat-ka, Bêng-ka, Be̍k-ka, Chhiòng-hêng-ka, Cha̍p-ka, Lông-ka iáu-koh-ū Siáu-soat-ka; kî-tiong Siáu-soat-ka \"put-ji̍p-liû\" (不入流), chhun ê káu ê liû-phài chiū tàu-tīn hō-chò **kiú-liû** (九流).\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Chu-chú Pek-ka","meta":{"title":"Kiú-liû Si̍p-ka","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[138,542,0.25461254612546125],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1018}} -{"text":"\"**Da Turdy Point Buck**\" (ing-gí: Da Turdy Point Buck) sī Bí-kok Wisconsin-tsiu ê ga̍k-thuân [en] \"Bananas At Large\" teh 1989-nî ê tsi̍t-siú kua-khik. Tsit-siú kua teh phah-lo̍k kuì-tset tsiânn-siū huan-gîng, tsiap-siū tiān-tâi ê pó-sàng; koh kah kî-thañ ê kua-khik tâng-tsê tsò tsit-tiuñ tsuan-tsi̍p [en] huat-hîng. Tse tō-sī kuan-î lia̍p-sat tsi̍t-tsiah tuā lo̍k-á ê kòo-sū.\n\nTshòng-tsok ên-khí\n------------------\n\n\"Bananas At Large\" ga̍k-thuân sī iû Wisconsin tsiu Amherst Junction kau-kài-tshù ê Shane Totten, Gary Nilsen hām Mike Skurek sann-ê lâng sóo tsoo-sîng--ê. Tsit-siú kau teh 1989-nî tshòng-tsok, \"Bananas At Large\" tsoo-ha̍p ê miâ-tshing [en] lîng-kám lâi-tsū Nilsen i-ê toh-tíng ê kin-tsio. Nilsen i-kóng: \"Tng-tong lí put-siū iok-sok ê sî-tsūn, lí ē-tsò jīm-hô sū-tsîng, jiân-āu tō khí-siáu\". Totten teh Pacelli ko-tiong [en] kàu-siū kè-su̍t hām kho-ha̍k; Nilsen teh Wisconsin tāi-ha̍k [en] Stevens Point hāu-khu tiâu-tset kǹg-khîm, lî-tshiánn Nilsen sī tsit-ê ga̍k-thuân ê king-lí; Skurek sī tsi̍t-king tshoo-tiong ê lāu-su, pīng siá--lo̍h-lâi tsia--ê kua-khik. Tsit-siú kua-khik sī kuan-î beh án-tsuánn phah-la̍h tsi̍t-tsiah tuā lo̍k-á.\n\nHòng-sàng sî-kan\n----------------\n\nMuí tsi̍t-ê la̍h-lo̍k kuì-tset [en], Nilsen lóng-ē siu-tio̍h tāi-liōng ê siáu-iú iû-kiāñ hām tsuan-tsip ê iau-kiû. Tsiâñ-tsē lâng tiāñ-tiāñ teh kóng-pòo tēn-tâi tshíng-kiû tsit-siú kua, ga̍k-thuân ê tē-tsí sī siōng-tsē lâng iau-kiû--ê. Tsit-siú kua teh 1993-nî iû Dr. Demento [en] tsú-tshî ê kóng-pòo tsiat-bo̍k lāi-té pâi-miâ tē-1. Teh1994-nî, ga̍k-thuân ê tē-tsí sī teh Demento phok-sū ê kóng-pòo tsiat-bo̍k lāi-té hông iau-kiû siōng-tsē ê tē-tsí. Ga̍k-thuân teh tsiâñ-tsē tsiu lóng-ú tiān-tâi kóng-pòo sî-tuānn. KGNU [en] ê tsóng-tshâi kiam tsóng-king-lí Karl Rene De Rouen piáu-sī, kuí-kò-gue̍h lâi siōng-hó--ê huán-kuī lâi-tsū la̍h-ah hām la̍h-lo̍k ê lâng. Ga̍k-thuân siu-tio̍h Belgique kóng-pòo tēn-tâi Scorpio [en] kóng-pòo tēn-tâi ê lâi phue. Totten kā tsit-siú kua ê sîng-kong hām kua-khik \"White Christmas (kua) [en]\" tsìn-hîng pí-kàu.\n\nTsuan-tsip huat-hîng hām thui-kóng\n----------------------------------\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 Maurer, Minda (November 19, 1993). \"Get dat turdy pointer\". *Stevens Point Journal* – via Newspapers.com.\n2. 1 2 \"Da Turdy Point Buck, hey\". *Oshkosh Northwestern*. November 21, 1993 – via Newspapers.com.\n3. ↑ Verhoff, Timothy (November 18, 1994). \"Did ya see Da Turdy Pointer?\". *Stevens Point Journal* – via Newspapers.com.\n4. ↑ Verhoof, Timothy (November 18, 1994). \"Did ya see Da Turdy Pointer? page 2\". *Stevens Point Journal* – via Newspapers.com.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Martino Martini [en]\n* Hêng-bō͘ iàu-lio̍k (Hîng-bōo iàu-lio̍k/刑幕要略)\n* Chit-liōng liû [en] (Tsit-liōng liû/Mass concentration (astronomy))\n* Pak-kiaⁿ tāi-ha̍k chhut-pán-siā [en] (Pak-kiañ tāi-ha̍k tshut-pán-siā/北京大学出版社)\n* Hông Liōng-kit [zh] (洪亮吉/ ng Liāng-ket)\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* DA TURDY POINT BUCK - Bananas At Large (Eng-gí)\n* Da Turdy Point Buck Lyrics - Bananas At Large - Only on JioSaavn (Eng-gí)\n* Spotify – Da Turdy Point Buck - song by Bananas At Large (Eng-gí)\n* YouTube YouTube téng ê **Da Turdy Point Buck** ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ","meta":{"title":"Da Turdy Point Buck","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[846,2843,0.2975729862820964],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3429}} -{"text":"Sam-seng ê phiau-chì\n**Sam-seng Tiān-chú** (三星電子 / 삼성전자 *Samseong Jeonja*) sī Sam-seng Chi̍p-thoân kî-hā ê chú-kong-si, sī Hân-kok siāng-tōa ê siau-hùi tiān-chú sán-phín kap tiān-chú goân-kiāⁿ ê chè-chō-siong; thong-sè-kài siāng-tōa ê tì-hūi-hêng chhiú-ki chham kong-lêng-hêng chhiú-ki ê chè-chō-siong; sè-kài siāng-tōa ê chu-sìn kho-ki kong-si. I mā sī choân-kiû êng-siu siāng-koân ê tiān-chú kang-gia̍p kong-si chi-it, choân-kiû jī-cha̍p-tōa poàⁿ-tō-thé chhiúⁿ-siong kap choân-kiû siāng-tōa ê cheng-oân tāi-kang chi-it. Bí-kok *Forbes* cha̍p-chì kong-pò͘ ê choân-kiû pah-tōa kong-si, Sam-seng Tiān-chú tī choân-kiû pâi-miâ tē-20. 2014 nî, Sam-seng tông-sî mā pī *Forbes* phêng-soán chò choân-kiû siāng-ū kè-ta̍t phín-pâi tē-7 kiông, sī À-chiu phín-pâi tiong siāng-koân pâi-miâ. Put-jî-kò, kīn-nî-lâi Tiong-kok ê tì-hūi-hêng chhiú-ki ngiauh-khí, tì-sú Sam-seng he̍k-lī tōa-kiám oá saⁿ-hun-chi-jī, só͘-í têng-thâu kiám-thó i-ê keng-êng bô͘-sek.","meta":{"title":"Sam-seng Tiān-chú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,941,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1070}} -{"text":"Tâi-oân ê thih-lō͘ bāng\n**Tâi-oân ê thih-lō͘ ūn-su** sū-gia̍p ùi Chheng léng sî-tāi khai-sí, tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi tōa-heng, thih-lō͘ bāng chóng tn̂g-tō͘ bat óa 5,000 kong-lí chó-iū, pau-hâm kok-iú thih-lō͘ kap kok-chióng sán-gia̍p thih-lō͘ lóng chhim-ji̍p tōa-sè hiong-tìn. Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn kiat-sok chìn-ji̍p Bîn-kok sî-tāi liáu-āu, í Tâi-thih ûi-chú ê kong-kiōng thih-lō͘ bāng-lō͘ sui-jiân ū khok-tiong, tān-sī in-ūi kong-lō͘ kiàn-siat tōa-heng, koh ka-siōng lîm-gia̍p kap khòng-gia̍p boa̍t-lo̍h, chē-chē sán-gia̍p thih-lō͘ kap ūn-su liōng khah kē ê kong-kiōng thih-lō͘ lō͘-sòaⁿ sio-sòa hòe-chí, tì-sú thih-lō͘ tn̂g-tō͘ tī 2003 nî ê sî kan-na chhun 1,496 kong-lí; m̄-koh, tòe khoân-pó ì-sek giâ-thâu kap kái-koat to͘-chhī kau-thong būn-tê ê su-kiû cheng-ka, ùi 1990 nî-tāi khai-sí lio̍k-sio̍k cheng-kiàn sin ê kúi-tō hē-thóng, chhin-chhiūⁿ lâm-pak ko-sok thih-lō͘ kap to͘-hōe-khu ê chia̍t-ūn hē-thóng. Tī jîn-kháu tiû-bi̍t ê se-pō͘ cháu-lông, thih-lō͘ ūn-su it-ti̍t lóng sī hui-siông tiōng-iàu ê kau-thong hong-sek, tòe tang-pō͘ ê liân-gōa kau-thong su-kiû cheng-ka, thih-lō͘ mā chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-oân tang-sai chi-kan ê chú-iàu kau-thong hong-sek.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân ê thih-lō͘ ūn-su |\n| --- |\n| |\n| To͘-chhī-kan | \n* Tâi-oân Ko-sok Thih-lō͘\n* Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘\n\n |\n| |\n| Chia̍t-ūn | \n* Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn\n* Sin-pak Chia̍t-ūn\n* Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn\n* Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn\n* Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn\n\n |\n| |\n| Choan-iōng kap koan-kong | \n* A-lí-san Lîm-gia̍p Thih-lō͘\n* Thài-pêng-soaⁿ Sim-lîm Thih-lō͘\n* Tâi-oân Thn̂g-gia̍p Thih-lō͘\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân ê thih-lō͘ ūn-su","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[314,1464,0.21448087431693988],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1852}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân pún-thó͘-hòa ūn-tōng** (台灣本土化運動) sī kiông-tiāu Tâi-oân chāi-tē le̍k-sú, tē-lí, bûn-hòa kap chú-thé ì-sek ê ūn-tōng, í hoat-iông Tâi-oân ê pún-thó͘ bûn-hòa, í-ki̍p bûn-hòa chân-bīn ê khì-si̍t-bîn-hòa ûi chú-iàu chong-chí. Tâi-oân pún-thó͘-hòa ūn-tōng pēng bô chi̍t e te̍k-tēng ê hoat-tián kî-kan, tī bô-kāng ê sî-tāi pōe-kéng hā ū bô-kāng ê ì-hâm, m̄-koh chū-chiông 1980 nî-tāi bóe-kî kái-giâm í-lâi ê it-liân-chhoàn hoat-tián iû-kî bêng-hián, ti̍t-kàu kin-á-ji̍t iáu-koh teh chìn-hêng-tiong.\n\nChit hāng ūn-tōng ê éng-hióng chân-bīn khok-ki̍p Tâi-oân ê bûn-hòa hoat-tián, chèng-tī, keng-chè, siā-hōe, kàu-io̍k téng to-hong-bīn ê piàn-chhian, koaⁿ-hong ia̍h-sī bîn-kan chū-tōng hoat-khí ê kok-chióng oa̍h-tāng lóng chhiok-sêng chit-chióng piàn-hòa khoài-sok lâi thui-kóng.\n\nLēng-gōa chi̍t hong-bīn, hoán-tùi-chiá kóng chit-ê ūn-tōng sū-si̍t-siōng sī chi̍t chióng \"khì-Tiong-kok-hòa\", jīn-ûi i-ê bo̍k-tek sī siūⁿ-beh chhiok-sú í kīn-tāi Tiong-kok î-bîn ûi siā-hōe chú-thé ê Tâi-oân, ùi ki-pún ê bûn-hòa siā-hōe kin-goân thoat-lī Tiong-kok ê éng-hióng, koh tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ chham Tâi-oân to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng lā chò-hóe kóng; tān-sī sū-si̍t-siōng, Tâi-oân pún-thó͘-hòa ūn-tōng sī kā Hàn bûn-hòa (he̍k-chiá Tiong-hôa bûn-hòa) khòaⁿ chò sī Tâi-oân bûn-hòa ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, m̄-sī kui-ê the̍h-tiāu.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân pún-thó͘-hòa ūn-tōng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1328,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1504}} -{"text":"Ji̍t-pún-ōe tī Tâi-oân chú-iàu sī tùi 1895 nî liáu-āu Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi khai-sí liû-thong.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi\n\nJi̍t-pún niá Tâi-oân chhe-kî, tī 1895 nî 7 goe̍h, Tâi-pak tē-hng í-keng ū Chi-soaⁿ-gâm O̍h-tn̂g ê siat-li̍p, lēng-gōa tī Gî-lân ū Bêng-tī Gú-ha̍k-hāu, Sin-tek ū Tek-siâⁿ O̍h-koán (竹城學館), Ke-lâng ū Ke-lâng Ha̍k-hāu, chia ê ha̍k-hāu chú-iàu sī siat beh hō͘ Tâi-oân-lâng o̍h Ji̍t-pún-ōe--ê.\n\nKàu 1896 nî 3 goe̍h 31 ji̍t, Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú pan-pò͘ *Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú ti̍t-ha̍t chu ha̍k-hāu koaⁿ-chè* (臺灣總督府直轄諸學校官制), ùi pak-pō͘ siat kok-gí ha̍k-hāu 1 keng, kok-tē siat kok-gí thoân-si̍p-só͘ 14 keng (āu-lâi chin-ka kàu 16 keng), chia ha̍k-hāu sī chá-kî ê kàu-io̍k Ji̍t-gí chú-iàu ki-koan. \n\nKok-gí thoân-si̍p-só͘ tú siat ê sî, sī óa-khò tē-hng sin-sū, chóng-lí, ke-chng-tiúⁿ téng thâu-lâng lâi thui-kóng, jî-chhiá siat kong-hùi miâ-gia̍h kó͘-lē ji̍p ha̍k. Chóng--sī chi̍t khai-sí Tâi-oân siā-hōa oa-ná iáu koh î-chhî Hàn-bûn ûi chú ê ha̍k-si̍p thoân-thóng. 1897 nî 10 goe̍h ê sî, chèng-hú siu-tēng kok-gí thoân-si̍p-só͘ kui-chek, chin-ka Hàn-bûn ê kà-ha̍k, tùi thoân-thóng ê su-pang chhiáⁿ kàu-su lâi kà.\n\n1898 nî 7 goe̍h, Chóng-tok-hú pan-pò͘ *Tâi-oân Kong-ha̍k-hāu Lēng* (臺灣公學校令), kui-tēng koah tē-hng keng-hùi khai-siat 6-nî chè ê kong-ha̍k-hāu thè-ōaⁿ kok-gí thoân-si̍p-só͘.\n\n### Chiàn-āu\n\n1946 nî, Tiong-hoa Bîn-kok siat tī Tâi-oân ê Tâi-oân-séng Hêng-chèng Tiúⁿ-koaⁿ Kong-sú iau-kiû ha̍k-hāu m̄-thang chài ēng Ji̍t-pún-ōe chò kà-ha̍k giân-gí. Tī 1951 nî ia̍h ū séng-chèng-hú kàu-io̍k-thiaⁿ chiam-tùi tiong-téng ha̍k-hāu kìm-chí Ji̍t-gí kap hong-giân chò kà-ha̍k giân-gí ê bēng-lēng.\n\n1980 kàu 90 nî-tāi, ū *Tâi-oân Bān-ia̍p-chi̍p* ê chhut-pán, sī chiàn-chêng Ji̍t-gí sì-tāi ê toán-koa chhòng-chok.\n\nTī 2009 nî chó-iū, Tâi-oân o̍h Ji̍t-pún-ōe ê jîn-kháu ū 20 thóng bān, chiàu pí-lē sī Ji̍t-pún í-gōa pâi sè-kài tē-3--ê.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. 1 2 3 4 吳文星 (1987-03-31). \"日據時期台灣總督府推廣日語運動初探（上）\". *臺灣風物*.\n2. ↑ 徐秀瑩 (2015). *戦後台湾における日本語政策（1845-1975）－政府公報を中心として* (phok-sū thesis). 金沢大学.\n3. ↑ 曾立維 (2013-03-31). \"戰後台灣國小場域內的方言禁止之界限及擴張（1951-1987）\". *臺灣風物*.\n4. ↑ 松永正義 (1998). \"台湾の日本語文学と台湾語文学\". *一橋論叢*. **119** (3).\n5. ↑ *2009年度 台湾における 日本語教育事情調査 台灣日本語教育現況調查 報告書*. 財団法人交流協会. 2010.\n\nSiong-koan chu-liāu\n-------------------\n\n* 簡月真 (2011). *台湾に渡った日本語の現在: －リンガフランカとしての姿－*. 明治書院. ISBN 978-4625434464.\n* 安田敏朗 (2011). *かれらの日本語： 台湾「残留」日本語論*. 人文書院. ISBN 978-4409041024.\n* 松田吉郎 (2004). *台湾原住民と日本語教育―日本統治時代台湾原住民教育史研究*. 晃洋書房. ISBN 978-4771015975.\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n* Tâi-oân ê Ji̍t-pún-gí kàu-io̍k\n* Tâi-oân ê Ji̍t-pún-gí bûn-ha̍k\n* Tâi-oân ê Hôa-gí","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân ê Ji̍t-gí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[785,2672,0.2937874251497006],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3125}} -{"text":"**Thih-phiò** (鐵票), sī kóng bó͘ chi̍t-kóa soán-bîn, in-ê soán-kí tâu-phiò ì-hiáng, ka-kī chá ū koat-tēng, bōe siū gōa-kài bô-kāng ê kiàn-gī kap bîn-tiàu chó-iū, kan-na ē siū sio-siāng ê gōa-chāi in-sò͘ kiông-hòa, pí-lūn siū-tio̍h só͘-sio̍k siā-thoân, thoân-thé ê pió-iông, he̍k-chiá kûn-thé jīn-tông. Thih -phiò soán-bîn iā ē-sái khòaⁿ chòe sī bó͘ hāu-soán-jîn ê tiong-sêng ài-hó͘ⁿ-chiá, in ē in-ūi hit-ê hāu-soán-jîn ê sêng-kong lâi khoài-lo̍k. Thih-phiò iā ē-tàng kái-tho̍k chòe bó͘ chi̍t-kóa soán-bîn tn̂g-kî chi-chhî bó͘ chi̍t-ê chèng-tóng, m̄ kan-na sī tan-it ê hāu-soán-jîn. \n\nSiong-tùi soán-kí thih-phiò, koh ū lēng-lūi soán-bîn, hō-chòe iû-lī-phiò. \n\nKiàn-li̍p \"thih-phiò soán-bîn\" ê tô͘-kèng, ài ùi pêng-siông-sî \"sè-súi tiông-liû\" chò khí, tian-tó goân-pún put-móa ê soán-bîn, iā khó-lêng ùi thih-phiò choán-hòa chòe \"iû-lī-phiò\".\n\nThih-phiò ê hó-chhú sī hō͘ chèng-thoân ē-sái tit-tio̍h ún-tēng ê chi-chhî ki-chhó͘, tō-sǹg lo̍h-pāi ia̍h ē-sái î-chhî it-tēng ê sè-le̍k. Lēng chi̍t hong-bīn, chèng-thoân su-iàu koan-sim chi-chhî-chiá ê ì-kiàn, pī-bián tit-sit.","meta":{"title":"Thih-phiò","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1100,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1254}} -{"text":"Ing-gú piáu-im jī-bió ê jī-thé.\n1845-nî kî-thann gú-giân ê hù-ka jī-bió jī-thé.\n1855-nî ê bí-kok pán-pún ê jī-bió, 1871-nî teh i-ha̍k jī-tián lāi-té tiông-ìn.\nTī 1843-nî ê tsá-kî pán-pún ê jī-bió.\n**Ing-gú piáu-im jī-bió** (ing-gú: English Phonotypic Alphabet (**EPA**)) sī-iû Isaac Pitman [en] hām Alexander John Ellis [en] tsiok-sū khai-huat ê tsi̍t-tsióng piáu-im [en] jī-bió; siōng-thâu-á sī tsò ing-gú phing-siá kái-kik [en] ê sán-bu̍t. Sui-jiân lóng m̄ pat tit-tio̍h kóng-huàn ê tsiap-siū; m̄-kuh EPA ê im-sòo í-king hông la̍p-ji̍p hiān-tāi kok-tsè im-piau (IPA).\n\nEPA siōng-thâu-á huat-piáu tī 1845-nî 6-gue̍h. Suî-āu, EPA ê tshut-pán kā jī-bió khok-tián kàu Tik-gú, Alápik-gú, Sepangâ-gú, Tusca-gú [en], Huat-gú, Welsh-gú, Ítālì-gú, Hōlân-gú, Pholân-gú, Photôgâ-gú kah Huān-gú ê kái-pian pán.\n\nJī-bió\n------\n\nJī-bió jû-hā (ū tsi̍t-kuá-á kīn-sū-ti̍t í-lâi sik-ìng Unicode)\n\n### 1843 nî-bué (ing-gú)\n\nTsit-ê kai-tuānn tn̂g guân-im ū huâinn-kòng, té guân-im tō bô.\n\nTn̂g guân-im\nƗ /iː/, E /eɪ/, A /ɑː/, Ɵ /ɔː/, Ʉ /oʊ/?, ꭐ-bar /uː/\n\nTé guân-im\nI /ɪ/, ⵎ /ɛ/, Ʌ /æ/, O /ɒ/, U /ʌ/, ꭐ /ʊ/\n\n(tsi̍t-ê ha̍p-sik ê ⟨ꭐ⟩ koh-khah kuânlî-tshiánnbô tiám, tshin-tshiūnn ⟨Ɯ⟩ m̄-kuh tiong-ng ê sû-kàn bô kî-thann ê hiah-kuân, pīng-tshiánn tsiànn-pîng-ē--átshi bô tshìn-suànn)\n\nSiang guân-im\nƜ /juː/, ⅄ /aɪ/, ş /aʊ/?\n\nKiám-tsió ('bôo-hôo) guân-im\nƎ /ə/, ⵎ /ᵊ/\n\nHú-im\nP B, T D, Є J /tʃ dʒ/, K G\n\nF V, Θ Δ /θ ð/, S Z, Σ Σ /ʃ ʒ/,\n\nL R, M N, И /ŋ/, Y W H.\n\n\\_a /eɪ/\n(Ā)ᶐ /ɑː/\nƟɵ /ɔː/\n\\_ɷ /oʊ/\nƜɯ /uː/\nIi /ɪ/\nEe /ɛ/\nAɑ /æ/\nOo /ɒ/\nUu /ʌ/\n\\_(ꭐ)\n\\_ᶙ /juː/\nYy /j/\nWw /w/\nHh /h/\nPp /p/\nBb /b/\nTt /t/\nDd /d/\nЄꞔ /tʃ/\nJj /dʒ/\nCc /k/\nGg /ɡ/\nFf /f/\nVv /v/\nꞀ(ⱦ) /θ/\nƋ(đ) /ð/\nSs /s/\nZz /z/\nΣʃ /ʃ/\n(Ʒ)ʒ /ʒ/\nRr /r/\nLl /l/\nMm /m/\nNn /n/\n(Ŋ)ŋ /ŋ/\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Daniels, Peter T. (1996). *The World's Writing Systems* (ēng Eng-gí). Oxford University Press. p. 831. ISBN 9780195079937.\n2. ↑ Coulmas, Florian (1999-03-12). \"English Phonotypic Alphabet\". *The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems* (ēng Eng-gí). Wiley. ISBN 9780631214816.  (Eng-gí)\n3. ↑ *Completion of the Phonotypic Alphabet*, The Phonotypic Journal, 5 Nelson Place, Bath, Phonographic Institution, vol. 4, no 42, June 1845, p. 105-106. (Eng-gí)\n4. ↑ *Extension of the Phonotypic Alphabet*, The Phonotypic Journal, 5 Nelson Place, Bath, Phonographic Institution, vol. 4, no 43, June 1845, p. 121–123 (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* The Phonetic Journal\n* Tuscan dialect\n* English-language spelling reform\n* Phonetics\n* Alexander John Ellis\n* Isaac Pitman\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Third Revised Proposal to encode characters for the English Phonotypic Alphabet (EPA) in the UCS, October 18th 2011 (Eng-gí)\n* Completion of the Phonotypic Alphabet (Eng-gí)\n* Extension of the Phonotypic Alphabet (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Ing-gú piáu-im jī-bió","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[823,2423,0.33966157655798596],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2970}} -{"text":"Montréal.\n**Montréal** sī Canada Québec-séng ê chi̍t-ê siâⁿ-chhī, sī Canada chôan-kok tē-jī-toā, mā-sī Québec siāng-toā ê siâⁿ-chhī. Tī 1970 nî-tāi chìn-chêng, Montréal iā-bat sī Canada ê tē-it-toā siâⁿ-chhī. \n\nMontréal ê jîn-kháu ū 162 bān, to͘-hōe-khu jîn-kháu ū 363 bān. Montréal sī Hoat-kok Pa-lê chi-gōa siāng-toā ê Hoat-gí siâⁿ-chhī, koaⁿ-hong gí-giân tio̍h-sī Hoat-gí, sī 70.5% ê chhī-bîn ê ka-têng gí-giân.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nMontréal tī Saint Lawrence Hô ê Montreal-tó téng-bīn.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nMontréal sī 1976 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hōe ê kí-pān siâⁿ-chhī.\n\nHun-khu\n-------\n\nO͘-sek chho͘ sòaⁿ ûi-khí-lâi ê hōan-ûi sī Montréal, kî-thaⁿ sī kui-ê Montréal-tó.\nMontréal lóng-chóng ū 19 ê khu (arrondissement).\n\n* Ahuntsic-Cartierville\n* Anjou\n* Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce\n* Lachine\n* LaSalle\n* Le Plateau-Mont-Royal\n* Le Sud-Ouest\n* L'Île-Bizard–Sainte-Geneviève\n* Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve\n* Montréal-Nord\n* Outremont\n* Pierrefonds-Roxboro\n* Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles\n* Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie\n* Saint-Laurent\n* Saint-Léonard\n* Verdun\n* Ville-Marie\n* Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ \"Population by language spoken most often at home and age groups\". 2007-12-05 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Montréal","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[440,1148,0.3832752613240418],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1381}} -{"text":"\n**Sam-tiông-khu**（Eng-gí: Sanchong District），Kū-chheng \"Saⁿ-têng-po͘\"，ūiTâi-oânSin-pak-chhī ē hat ê chi̍t-ê hêng-chèng-khu, kap Tâi-pak-chhī kan-na keh chit-tiâu hô, ūi-tī Tâi-pak Phûn-tē chú-iàu pak-tē ê toing-sim ūi-tì, sio̍k-tī Tâi-pak To-hōe-khu lāi-khoân ê ōe-chhiⁿ siâⁿ-chhī chi-it.\n\nIn-ūi chiap-kīn Tâi-pak-chhī, khip-ín tōa-liōng ê jîn-kháu tēng-ki tī Sam-tiông-khu, hoat-tián chiâⁿ chá, kái-chè chêng ê Sam-tiông-chhī sī Tâi-pak-koān ê tē-it-ê koān-hat-chhī, kòe-chōe ê jîn-kháu ka-siōng khah-chá ê hoat-tián, tì-kàu siâⁿ-chhī thó͘-tē sú-iōng kè-tō͘ pa-kek. Chū-chiông seng-keh Sin-pak-chhī Sam-tiông-khu í-lâi, Sam-tiông hoat-tián ê bo̍k-phiau, í chhiok-chìn kong-kiōng-siat-si ho̍k-bū ûi chú, pí-jū oân-siān ūn-tōng-tiong-sim siat-si, hoat-tián tōa-hêng to-hōe-kong-hn̂g, thêng-chhia-tiûⁿ kiàn-siat, í-kip kiô-niû ê siu-siān bí-hòa. Sam-tiông thàu-kòe Tiong-hàu-kiô, Tiong-heng-kiô, kap Tâi-pak Se-khu ê Tâi-pak Chhia-chām、Tâi-pak Siang-chú-chhiⁿ Tōa-lâu、Pak-mn̂g Kóng-tiûⁿ、Se-mn̂g-teng téng tōe saⁿ-óa, tī Tâi-pak-chhī phah-piàⁿ thui-tōng \"Se-khu Mn̂g-hō͘ Kè-ōe\", Chia̍t-ūn Ki-tiûⁿ-sòaⁿ téng Kok-chè kang-têng si̍t-si, hō͘ Sam-tiôn-khu ūi-tī Se-khu mn̂g-hō͘ thong-tō tē-it-sòaⁿ siâⁿ-chhī. Lēng-gōa Sin-pak-chhī Chèng-hú in-ūi chō͘-chit ná tōa, pō͘-hūn kiok-chhù hun-sòaⁿ, kè-ōe tī khu lāi ê Jī-tiông-tōe-khu kiàn-siat tē-jī hêng-chèng-tiong-sim. Sam-tiông ê toing-iàu-sèng taⁿ ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á thê-seng.\n\nKau-thong\n---------\n\n### Chia̍t-ūn\n\nTâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn\n* Tiong-hô Sin-lô͘ SòaⁿLô͘-chiu Sòaⁿ: Sam-tiông Kok-sió Chām — Sam-hô Kok-tiong Chām\n* Tiong-hô Sin-lô͘ SòaⁿSin-chng Sòaⁿ: Tâi-pak-kiô Chām — Chhài-liâu Chām — Sam-tiông Chām — Sian-sek-kiong Chām\n\nThô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn\n* Ki-tiûⁿ Sòaⁿ: Sam-tiông Chām\n\n### Bī-lâi\n\n#### Chia̍t-ūn\n\nTâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn\n* Khoân-chōng-sòaⁿ (Pak-khoân-tōaⁿ): Hun-á-bóe Chām — Tiông-iông-kiô Chām\n\nThô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn\n* Ki-tiûⁿ Sòaⁿ: Jī-tiông Chām\n\n#### Khin-kúi\n\nSin-pak Chia̍t-ūn Sin-pak Chia̍t-ūn\n* Gō͘-kó͘ Thài-san Khin-kúi: Hun-á-bóe Chām\n\n### Kong-lō͘\n\nKo-sok kong-lō͘\n* TWHW1.svg Tiong-san Ko-sok-kong-lō͘\n\t+ **27Sam-tiông** Sam-tiông Kau-liû-tō: chiap-tio̍h TW CHW103.svg Chhī-tō 103 Hō, TW CHW104.svg Chhī-tō 104 Hō\n\nKhoài-sok kong-lō͘, Khoài-sok tō-lō͘\n* TW PHW64.svg Tâi-64-sòaⁿ\n\t+ **15Sam-tiông** Sam-tiông Kau-liû-tō: chiap-tio̍h TW PHW1.svg Tâi-1-sòaⁿ\n* Sin-pak Khoân-hô Khoài-sok tō-lō͘\n\nSéng-tō\n* TW PHW1.svg Tâi-1-sòaⁿ\n* TW PHW1a.svg Tâi-1-kah-sòaⁿ\n\nChhī-tō\n* TW CHW103.svg Chhī-tō 103 Hō\n* TW CHW103a.svg Chhī-tō 103 Kah-sòaⁿ\n* TW CHW104.svg Chhī-tō 104 Hō\n* TW CHW108.svg Chhī-tō 108 Hō\n\nKhu-tō\n* TW THWtp62.svg Pak-62-sòaⁿ\n* TW THWtp65.svg Pak-65-sòaⁿ\n* TW THWtp66.svg Pak-66-sòaⁿ\n* TW THWtp67.svg Pak-67-sòaⁿ\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n| | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nSin-pak-chhī ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Khu | Bān-lí-khu **·** Chhim-kheⁿ-khu **·** Chhiū-nâ-khu **·** Chio̍h-mn̂g-khu **·** Chio̍h-tēng-khu **·** Éng-hô-khu **·** Eng-ko-khu **·** Gō͘-kó͘-khu **·** Kim-san-khu **·** Kòng-liâu-khu **·** Lô͘-chiu-khu **·** Nâ-kháu-khu **·** Pang-kiô-khu **·** Pat-lí-khu **·** Pêng-khe-khu **·** Pêⁿ-nâ-khu **·** Sam-chi-khu **·** Sam-kiap-khu **·** Sam-tiông-khu **·** Se̍k-chí-khu **·** Siang-khe-khu **·** Sin-chng-khu **·** Sin-tiàm-khu **·** Sūi-hong-khu **·** Tām-chúi-khu **·** Thài-san-khu **·** Thô͘-siâⁿ-khu **·** Tiong-hô-khu **·** U-lai-khu | |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Sam-tiông-khu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1761,3559,0.4948019106490587],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Sam-tiông-khu
    三重區
    \n\"Tùi
    Tùi Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ khòaⁿ Sam-tiông-khu
    \n
    \n\n\n\n
    Sam-tiông-khu ê ìn-á
    Ìn-á
    \n
    \"Sam-tiông
    Sam-tiông tī Sin-pak-chhī ê ūi-tì ê uī-tì
    Sam-tiông tī Sin-pak-chhī ê ūi-tì\n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 25°03′41″N 121°29′40″E / 25.06139°N 121.49444°E / 25.06139; 121.49444
    Kok-ka\n \"\" Tâi-oân\n
    Ti̍t-hat-chhī\n Sin-pak-chhī\n
    Chèng-hú
     - Khu-tiúⁿ\n\t\tTân Kî-chèng (陳奇正)
    Bīn-chek
     - Lóng-chóng\n\t\t16.317 km2
    Jîn-kháu (2022-nî 2-goe̍h)
     - Lóng-chóng380,748 lâng
     - Bi̍t-tō͘\n23,334.44/km2
     - Hō͘-kháu380,748
    Sî-khuKok-ka Phiau-chún Sî-kan (UTC+8)\n\t
    Iû-piān hō-bé241\n\t
    Bāng-chām
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3901}} -{"text":"Ì-guā [en] hām khá-ha̍p tsō-sîng ê thòng-khóo sún-sit sī sing-ua̽h ê tsi̍t-pòo-hūn. Tse-sī tsi̍t-tâi tshiú-ki-á bô-tú-hó siak-pit--khui, án-ne lán kā tsit-khuán phì-siùñ [en] kiò-tsò \"Shit happens\".\n**Shit happens** (tâi-gú: m̄-tsiâñ-iūñ ê tāi-tsì koh tsông-tshut--lâi; **sue-bué-tāi bô-liáu-sî**; káu-sái-tāi koh phia̽k-tshut--lâi) sī tsi̍t-ê sio̍k-gí, iōng-tsok kán-tan ê tsûn-tsāi tsú-gī lai kuan-tshat, tō-sī sing-ua̍h tshiong-buán put-khó ū-tshik ê sū-kiānn, luī-sū tshiūñ tsi̍t-kū huat-gú \"c'est la vie [en]\". Shit happens tsit-kù uē sìng-jīm ta-ke kan-na bô tik-pia̍t ê guan-in ē huat-sing bô-hó ê tāi-tsì. Shit happens tsit-ê té-gú tī 1964-nî siu-tshí hông kuan-tshat tio̍h, m̄-ku it-tit-kàu 1983-nî tsia̍h-teh ìn-suat tshut-pán-bu̍t lāi-té sú-iōng. Hi̍k-tsiá kóng, tō-sǹg-kóng bô hiah-nī tshoo-sio̍k, in-uī \"Bô-huat-tōo tāi-tsì tō phû--khí-lâi\".\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Shit happens\". *Psychology Today*. New York. May 1995. 2007-11-25 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"Vic & Sade (pg 02) 1940–1941\". *Sound Recording*. archive.org. 12 September 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"Jeb Bush Says 'Stuff Happens' In Response to Gun Violence\". *ABC News*. 2 October 2015.\n\nTsham-ua̽t\n----------\n\n* Blekinge-kip chhàng-chúi-kàm [en] (Blekinge-kip tshàng-tsuí-kàm/Blekinge-class submarine)\n* Ð ð: Р[en] (Latin letter Eth)\n* Đ đ: Đ [en] (D with stroke)\n* Pik tiân-hû [en] (Pik tên-hû/Northern lapwing)\n* Shehbaz Sharif [en]\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Shit happens*** |\n\n* Shit happens Definition & Meaning (Eng-gí)\n* shit happens (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Shit happens","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[548,1434,0.3821478382147838],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1740}} -{"text":"1868 nî Bí-kok chóng-thóng Andrew Johnson ê tân-hāi sím-phoàⁿ\n**Tân-hāi** (彈劾), he̍k-chiá **tân-he̍k**, tī sè-kài siōng ū chē-chē kok-ka ê hiàn-hoat ē-tàng chìn-hêng tân-hāi, pí-lūn Bí-kok, Pa-se, Lō͘-se-a, Hui-li̍p-pin, Ireland, Tâi-oân téng-téng. Chiàu chi̍t-koá kok-ka ê hiàn-hoat ê kui-tēng, li̍p-hoat ki-koan tī te̍k-sû ê chêng-hòng hā ē-sái bô keng-kòe hêng-chèng ki-koan ê tông-ì chiū chhú-siau chèng-hú ê hêng-chèng chit-lêng, tân-hāi sī chit khoán hêng-tōng ê tē-it ê kai-toāⁿ.\n\nTân-hāi ê Eng-gú *impeachment* lâi-chū Latin Gú, sī pī lia̍h-tiâu ê ì-sù. Chit-ê sû chham hiān-tāi Hoat-gú lāi ê tōng-sû *empêcher* iáu-koh-ū hiān-tāi Eng-gú lāi ê *impede* lūi-sū, ì-sù sī \"chó͘-tòng\". Tiong-sè í-lâi tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ jīn-ûi hit-ê sû goân-chū Latin Gú lāi ê *impetere* (kong-kek), tān-sī che sī chhò-gō͘ ê.\n\nTân-hāi chin hán-tit khoàⁿ, tân-hāi si̍t-chè-siōng kan-na sī hoat-lu̍t-siōng ê chí-khòng, siong-tong î hêng-hoat lāi ê khí-sò͘. Pī-tân-hāi ê chèng-hú koaⁿ-oân biān-lîm tio̍h li̍p-hoat ki-koan soah-lo̍h-lâi ê tâu-phiò piáu-koat, lâi koat-tēng kám ài tùi tân-hāi ê chí-khòng tēng-chōe. Tāi-to-sò͘ kok-ka ê hiàn-hoat iau-kiû tâu-phiò kiat-kó sī ap-tó-sèng to-sò͘ chiah ē-ēng tēng-chōe.","meta":{"title":"Tân-hāi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1189,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1374}} -{"text":"**Kè-ta̍t-koan** (價值觀) sī chi̍t chióng chhú-lí tāi-chì phoàⁿ-toàn tio̍h-m̄-tio̍h, chò soán-te̍k sî chhú-siá ê piau-chún. Ū hó-chhù ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ chiah ū hit-ê kè-ta̍t. Tùi iú-ek kap iú-hāi ê sū-bu̍t phêng-phoàⁿ ê piau-chún chiū sī chi̍t ê lâng ê kè-ta̍t-koan.\n\n \n\nKè-ta̍t-koan iā ē-sái kóng sī chi̍t chióng àm-khàm tī siim-lāi ê chún-chîn, teh bīn-tùi soán-te̍k sî ê chi̍t hāng i-kì.\n\nKè-ta̍t-koan ē chí-ín chi̍t ê lâng khì chò bó͘ chi̍t-koá hêng-ûi; pí-lūn kóng \"sêng-si̍t\" ê kè-ta̍t-koan ē hō͘ lâng thán-sêng bīn-tùi khùn-kéng kap tùi pat-lâng soat-bêng tāi-chì ê chin-siòng, thê-seng pat-lâng tùi i ê sìn-jīm-tō͘. \"Kì-lu̍t\" ê kè-ta̍t-koan ē hō͘ lâng chiàu kui-tēng hêng-sū, sán-seng chip-hêng-le̍k. \"Koan-hoâi\" ê kè-ta̍t-koan ē hō͘ lâng koan-sim pat-lâng, liáu-kái pat-lâng ê khùn-kéng, tùi pat-lâng ū tông-lí-sim. Bô-kāng ê kè-ta̍t-koan ē sán-seng bô-kāng ê hêng-ûi bô͘-sek, chìn-jî sán-seng bô-kāng ê siā-hōe bûn-hoà. \"Chū-ngó͘\" ê kè-ta̍t-koan ē hō͘ lâng chū-ngó͘ tiong-sim.","meta":{"title":"Kè-ta̍t-koan","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1004,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1157}} -{"text":"**Pô Siū-keng**(蒲壽庚; 1245 nî-1284 nî), hō **Hái-hûn**(海雲), sī Tiong-kok Sòng-tiâu bo̍at-kî kàu Gôan-tiâu chho͘-kî ê Bân-lâm Chôan-chiu seng-lí-lâng, kun-jîn kah chèng-tī-ka. I sī Sunni phài ê Muslim, mā sī tē-it ūi chhut-jīm Gôan-tiâu koaⁿ-ôan ê Sek-ba̍k-lâng.\n\nPô Siū-keng ka-cho̍k ê chó͘-sian tùi Arabia poaⁿ-sóa lâi-kàu Chôan-chiu tēng-ki, tī hái-káng keng-êng hái-ūn bō͘-e̍k. In ê ka-cho̍k chiām-chiām ián-piàn-sêng chāi-tē chin ū bêng-bōng ê léng-tō-chiá. Hit-tong-sî ê Sòng-tiâu chèng-hú ūi-tio̍h beh khòng-chè in tau ê sè-le̍k, khip-siu Pô Siū-keng lâi tam-jīm Hok-kiàn chúi-kun ê su-lēng-koaⁿ.\n\n1276 nî, Lâm Sòng bo̍at-kî tōng-lōan ê sî-chūn, Tiuⁿ Sè-kia̍t hiòng Pô Siū-keng thê-chhut \"chhiân-to͘ Chôan-chiu\" ê iau-kiû. Tong-sî ê Pô Siū-keng í-keng sóan-te̍k khò-óa Bông-kó͘-lâng hit pêng, in-chhú tō hā-lēng tui-sat Sòng Sūi-chong kah kî-thaⁿ Sòng-tiâu ê hông-sek sêng-ôan. Gôan-tiâu kiàn-li̍p liáu-āu, Pô Siū-keng kah in ka-cho̍k siū-tio̍h chèng-hú ê tiōng-iōng, khai-sí ji̍t-āu Chôan-chiu-káng ê hoat-tián kah hôan-hôa.","meta":{"title":"Pô Siū-keng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1013,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1164}} -{"text":"**Itukusima Sîn-siā** (Ji̍t-gí: 厳島神社), tiàm-tī Ji̍t-pún Itukusima ê Sîn-tō sîn-siā, ū 1400 nî kú ê le̍k-sú. Itukusima sī Hirosima Koān Hatukaiti-chhī (廿日市市) ê 1 lia̍p tó. Sîn-siā pún-sin sī UNESCO Sè-kài Ûi-sán chi-it. I ê *torii* (鳥居) ê hêng-iáⁿ te̍k-pia̍t chhut-miâ, khoàⁿ--khí-lâi bē-su chhāi toà chúi-bīn-siōng.\n\nSîn-siā chū 6 sè-kí tī teh kàu taⁿ. Tī 1168 nî (Pêng-an Sî-tāi) Taira no Kiyomori (平清盛) chit ê chiong-kun chhut-chîⁿ khí bo̍k-chêng ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t. Itukusima í-chá ū sîn-sèng ê tē-ūi, it-poaⁿ lâng bē-tit ta̍h--khí-lih, kàu taⁿ iû-goân m̄-chún lâng tâi toà hia; sîn-siā chū án-ne khí tiàm hái-kháu, beh chham-koan ê lâng tio̍h chē chûn-á koè *torii* chiah ē-sái khì kàu sîn-tiān.\n\nSîn-siā chū 1168 nî tō ū chhāi *torii* tī hiān-chāi ê tē-tiám, m̄-koh hiān-chú-sî chit chō sī 1875 nî li̍p ê, chhâ-chit iōng chiuⁿ-chhiū, koân 16 kong-chhioh, siat-kè-siōng ū chò 4 ki kha, khah chāi. Chit ê kéng-tì lâng kóng sī Ji̍t-pún Sam-kéng (日本三景) chi-it.\n\nTorii tīⁿ-lâu ê sî-chūn chhin-chhiūⁿ phû tī chúi-bīn; khó-lâu ê sî-chūn, kiâⁿ-lō͘ ē-tàng thàng hoāⁿ. Pài-hóng-chiá sî-kiâⁿ kā gîn-kak-á chiⁿ ji̍p khì mn̂g-thiāu pit-sûn ê só͘-chāi, siâng-sî hē goān. Mā ū lâng khó-lâu sî toà hia khioh hái-sán (shellfish). Àm-sî tó-siōng ū phah teng chhiō.\n\nSîn-siā pō͘-hūn ê kiàn-siat tī 2004 nî 9 goe̍h 5 khì hō͘ hong-thai phah sńg-tn̄g.\n\n* Sîn-siā ê pâng-keng oân-ná khí tī chúi-siōng\n* *Torii* ê bīn-māu\n* Khó-lâu ê sî-chūn\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Itsukushima Shrine*** |","meta":{"title":"Itukusima Sîn-siā","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[142,1454,0.09766162310866575],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1749}} -{"text":"Thih-koan-im ê tê-bí kap tê-thng\n**Thih-koan-im** sī 1 khoán tê-bí, siāng-chá chhut-sán tī Hok-kiàn Chôan-chiu An-khoe-kōan, chò--chhut-lâi ê tê-sim, kiat-chiâⁿ sè-sè lia̍p, 1-ôan-á 1-ôan, lio̍h-á ū bóe-liu, ū lâng kóng khòaⁿ-tio̍h chhan-chhiūⁿ chhân-eⁿ ê thâu, iū-koh chhan-chhiūⁿ tō͘-kôai-á (kap-kôai-á, 蝌蚪) ê bóe-liu. Tê phàu hó-sè liáu-āu, hō͘-lâng 1-chióng \"chheⁿ-hio̍h khong âng-kîⁿ\" ê kám-kak. Thih-koan-im sī o͘-liông-tê ê tin-phín.\n\nThih-koan-im ê kî-biāu\n----------------------\n\nThih-koan-im ê chò-tê chhiú-gē ū khah hok-cha̍p, sêng-phín tê ê tê-sim ke-chin pá-lia̍p (饱粒), sok-kiat (束结), tê ê sek-tī mā chin-chiàⁿ chheⁿ, iū-koh o͘-kim. Hó tê tī-leh chò-tê ê tiong-kan hià-ê ka-pi-kiⁿ (咖啡碱) ê sûi-tio̍h chúi-hūn cheng-hoat, tê-sim to̍h-ē chhut-hiān 1-têng pe̍h-pe̍h po̍h-po̍h ê sng, iōng kún-chúi chhiong-phàu kòe-āu, liam-mī ē-tàng phīⁿ-tio̍h 1-khóan ná-chhūn thian-jiân lân-hoe ê phang-bī, hit-chióng bí-biāu ê kám-kak, sit-chāi hō͘-lâng o-ló kah ē tak-chi̍h ! Phàu-tê siāng-hó ài kèng sok-kiat iū-koh kó͘-chui ê tê-kū, chia̍h-tê seng ài phīⁿ tê-phang. Thih-koan-im tê lim-koè liáu-āu, chin sûn, chin kam-tiⁿ, hō͘ lâng pàng-bōe-lī. Kīn-nî-lâi, si̍t-chè piáu-bêng o͘-liông-tê ē-tàng chheng-ka kiān-sin kah bí-iông ê kong-hāu, iu-kî tit-tio̍h Ji̍t-pún kah Tang-lâm-a bîn-chiòng ê hí-ài.\n\nKang-hu-tê\n----------\n\nThih-koan-im sī o͘-liông-tê ê tin-kùi phín-chéng. Tê-hio̍h 1-nî 4-kùi bán 4-pái, àn nî-thâu ê ú-súi kàu-kah li̍p-hē chit-tōaⁿ sî-kan chhai-siu ê tê, hō-chòe chhun-tê, m̄-nā sán-liōng kôan (chiām chôan-nî sán-liōng 50% ), phín-chit mā siāng-kài hó. An-khoe thih-koan-im ê chè-chok kang-gē ài keng-kòe ē-kha chit-kúi-hāng pō͘-chō͘ : chhoe-hong → pha̍k-ji̍t → koh chhoe-hong → khí-kàⁿ→ chhá chhiⁿ → nóa tê → thâu-piān hang → jī-piàn hang → koh nóa → ûn-hóe pû → kèng tê. chia̍h-tê ê hong-sek, Ē-mn̂g, Chôan-chiu, Chiang-chiu, Tiô-chiu chit-tah kah Tâi-ôan lóng chin sio-siâng, bîn-kan thôan-thòng sî-kiâⁿ chia̍h kang-hu-tê. Sio̍k-gí kóng \"Tê chia̍h tē-jī phàu, bó· chhōa pòaⁿ-ló-lāu \", kó-kiàn Bân-lâm-lâng chia̍h-tê sī chin káng-kiù--ê. Chhù-lāi-té nā-ū lâng-kheh lâi, ji̍p-mn̂g seng hōng-tê, che sī lán Bân-lâm-lân] jia̍t-chêng hò͘ⁿ-kheh ê piáu-hiān, koh-khah sī 1-chióng tùi-thāi seng-o̍ah ê gē-su̍t.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTê |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Lūi-pia̍t | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Ki-chhó͘ lūi-pia̍t | \n* Âng-tê (siông)\n* Chheng-tê (siông)\n* Hek-tê (siông)\n* Le̍k-tê (siông)\n* N̂g-tê (siông)\n* Pe̍h-tê (siông)\n\n |\n| |\n| Chài-ka-kang tê | \n* Chek-ím-tê\n* Chūi-chhú-tê\n* Hoe-tê\n* Kín-ap-tê\n* Phang-liāu-tê\n\n |\n| |\n| Tiong-kok kó͘-chá tê | \n* Boah-tê\n* Chho͘-tê\n* Piáⁿ-tê\n* Phìⁿ-tê\n* Soàⁿ-tê\n\t+ Gê-tê\n\t+ Hio̍h-tê\n* Thoân-tê\n\n |\n| |\n| 10 toā miâ tê | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tâi-oân | \n* A-lí-san Chu-lō͘\n* Tòng-téng O͘-liông-tê\n* Tang-hong Bí-jîn-tê\n* Ko-san-tê\n* Liông-choân-tê\n* Ba̍k-sa Thih-koan-im\n* Ji̍t-goa̍t-thâm Âng-tê\n* Chhêng-peh Tiông-chheng-tê\n* Sam-kiap Liông-chéⁿ\n* Bûn-san Pau-chióng-tê\n\n |\n| |\n| Tiong-kok | \n* Bú-î-giâm-tê\n* Hông-san Mô͘-hong\n* Kî-bûn Âng-tê\n* Kun-san Gîn-chiam\n* Lio̍k-an Koa-phiàn\n* Phek-lô͘-chhun\n* Se-ô͘ Liông-chéⁿ\n* Sìn-iông Mô͘-chiam\n* Thih-koan-im\n* To͘-ûn Mô͘-chiam\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Sán-tē | \n* Hân-kok-tê\n* Ìn-tō͘-tê\n* Ji̍t-pún-tê\n* Tâi-oân-tê\n* Tiong-kok-tê\n* kî-thaⁿ...\n\n |\n| |\n| Tê-bûn-hoà | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| 喫茶法 | \n* 煎茶\n* 點茶\n\t+ 抹茶道\n* 泡茶\n\t+ 工夫茶\n\t+ 煎茶道\n* 茶食品\n\n |\n| |\n| Tê ê le̍k-sú | \n* Eng-kok-tê ê le̍k-sú\n* Ji̍t-pún-tê ê le̍k-sú\n* Tâi-oân-tê ê le̍k-sú\n* Tiong-kok-tê ê le̍k-sú\n\n |\n| |\n| Tê-sio̍k | \n* Bí-kok\n* Eng-kok\n* Hân-kok\n\t+ Hân-kok tê-lé\n* Hiong-káng\n* Ìn-tō͘\n* Ji̍t-pún\n\t+ Ji̍t-pún tê-tō\n* Má-lâi-se-a\n* Oa̍t-lâm\n\t+ Oa̍t-lâm tê-tō\n* Sin-ka-pho\n* Tâi-oân\n\t+ Kang-hu-tê\n* Tiong-kok\n\n |\n| |\n| 茶器具 | \n* 煎茶器具\n* 點茶器具\n\t+ 茶碗\n\t+ 茶托\n\t+ 茶筅\n\t+ 湯瓶\n\t+ 茶匙\n\t+ 茶磨\n* 泡茶器具（工夫茶茶具）\n\t+ 茶壺\n\t+ 蓋碗\n\t+ 茶杯\n\n |\n| |\n| Tê-ím-liāu | \n* 冰茶\n* 冷泡茶\n* 奶茶\n\t+ 泡沫紅茶\n\t+ 珍珠奶茶\n\t+ 絲襪奶茶\n\t+ 印度奶茶\n\t+ 鴛鴦\n\t+ 拉茶\n* 擂茶\n* 檸檬茶\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | \n* 茶儀式\n* 茶會\n* 茶寮\n* 茶馆\n* 茶食\n* 茶法\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Tê-ha̍k | \n* 茶的製作\n\t+ 茶葉拼配\n* 茶的分級\n* 茶与健康\n* 茶的化學\n* 茶學術語\n* 茶產地列表\n* 各國人均茶葉消費量列表\n* 茶書列表\n* ISO 3103\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Thih-koan-im","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1401,3608,0.3883037694013304],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5102}} -{"text":"**Surströmming** (\"sng hui-hî\") sī 1 chióng Sverige tiám-sim/liāu-lí, ki-pún châi-liāu iōng Pe̍h-hái \"hui-hî\" (鯡魚, ha̍k-miâ *Clupea* sio̍k), hoat-kàⁿ liáu-āu chng tī koàn-thâu tī chhiau-kip-chhī-tiûⁿ bē. Chin chē lâng, te̍k-pia̍t sī goā-kok-lâng, chin kiaⁿ Surströmming ê bī. Che sī in-ūi koàn-thâu khui--khui ê sî-chūn ē phīⁿ tio̍h bē-su pha̍k koè ji̍t-thâu ê pùn-sò hit-khoán chháu-phú bī, tì-tio̍h ū lâng kóng Surströmming ki-pún-siōng sī hāi--khì ê hî-á. Lâng tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ the̍h chhut-khì sek-goā chia̍h. Hèng chia̍h ê lâng jīn-ūi che sī 1 khoán tio̍h ta̍uh-ta̍uh o̍h chia̍h chiah chai-iáⁿ hó ê san-tin-hái-bī.\n\nChò surströmming iōng ê hî-á sī chhun-thiⁿ lia̍h ê hui-hî, hit-chūn ê châi-chit siōng chán. Hui-hî seng hē toà tháng-á lāi hoat-kàⁿ 1~2 kó͘ goe̍h, liáu-āu hē ji̍p-khì koàn-thâu lāi kè-sio̍k hoat-kàⁿ. Poàⁿ-nî chì 1 tang tiong-kan, chū-pún kóng-á hêng ê koàn-thâu ē in-ūi sè-khún pàng gá-suh chhut-lâi choâⁿ-á pìⁿ khah phòng hêng.\n\nKúi-ā-keng hâng-khong kong-si kìm-chí lâng chah surströmming koàn-thâu chiūⁿ-ki, kiaⁿ chhàu-phú kiam po̍k-chà.","meta":{"title":"Surströmming","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1047,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1209}} -{"text":"\n**tsi̍t-kûn lâng TGOP（This Group Of People）**，sī iû tsi̍t-kûn lâi-tsù tâi-uân tsuan-gia̍p hì-kio̍k kho-pan pī-gia̍p ha̍k-sing sóo tsóo-sîng ê bāng-loo gôo-lo̍k tsì-muî-thé tuân-tuī, tsok-phín tsin-tsē sī iōng hì-kio̍k hong-sik thîng-hiān. 2011 nî 8 gue̍h 3 ji̍t tī YouTube kuan-hong hua̍t-piáu tē tsi̍t-ê tsū-tshòng tsok-phín. Tīng-tīng muí gue̍h 15 hō ka̍p 30 hō（2 gue̍h tō sī 28 ji̍t）kin-sin YouTube。ū-miânn ê tāi-piáu tsok-phín ū 《超瞎翻唱》、《經典語錄系列》，kî-tiong 《超瞎翻唱》í-king tshiau-kuè tsi̍t tshīng bān--ah. 《tsi̍t-kûn lâng TGOP》kuan-hong pîn-tō tī 2017 nî 9 gue̍h 15 ji̍t subscribe jîn-sòo tshiau-kuè 200 bān--aah, sîng-uî tâi-uân tē-tsi̍t-ê phuà 200 bān ê tsù-muî-thé lâng. kuan-hong pîn-tō tī 2019 nî 8 gue̍h 15 ji̍t tu̍t-phuà 300 bàn subscriptions. Kàu-tann tī YouTube siōng, tsi̍t-kûn lâng sī tâi-uân siōng kuân subscriptions jîn-sòo ê tsù-muî-thé thuân-tuī.\n\nKán-kài\n-------\n\n2008 nî \"tsi̍t-kûn lâng\" sī iōng kik-khue-hâi ê hì-tuân khai-sí tsòo--ê. Tsi̍t khai-sí sī tuí kuí-nà-ê ko-tiong, tai-ha̍k hì-kiők kho ê kâng pan tông-ha̍k tsòo-sîng. tsuan-bûn tsham-ka koh-tua hì-kio̍k pí-sài í-ki̍p kù-tiûnn ián-tshut tíng ua̍h-tāng, tī thuân-uân biān-līm ha̍k-gia̍p ka̍p king-tsè ê bûn-tê hā tsiām-sî kái-sàn.\n\n2011 nî \"tsi̍t-kûn lâng\" tsuán-hîng tsòo bāng-lōo kik-khue-hâi té-pìnn phín-pâi, tuí guân-lâi hì-thuân tiōng ê siang-sinn-á a-hiannTián-îng (展榮)、sió-tī Tián-suī (展瑞)、In-sing (茵聲)、Tóng-á (董仔)、Bo̍k-sing(木星)、Nî-khik/ Nì-khuh (尼克) tām-jīm ián-uân, koh ka-siōng lia̍p-iánn su Tsio̍h-thâu (石頭)，iân-sio̍k kio̍k-thuân tsiànn-káng ê kik-khue-hâi tsing-sîn, ián-tshut guân-tshòng, kik-khue-hâi, tshiò-khue í-ki̍p KUSO ê kûn-lâng té-pìnn ua̍h-hiánn tī bāng-lōo.\n \n\n1. ↑ 自由娛樂. \"（影音）這群人推「超瞎翻唱3」 集結各網紅吸睛度破表 - 自由娛樂\". *ent.ltn.com.tw*. 2019-05-02 khòaⁿ--ê. Empty citation (help)\n2. ↑ *台灣唯一！ 「這群人」晉升2百萬YouTuber*","meta":{"title":"Tsi̍t-kûn lâng TGOP","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[170,1833,0.0927441352973268],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2090}} -{"text":"Kńg-tang chian O͘-thn̂g tiⁿ-ké\nMá-lâi-se-a kok-chióng chhái-sek tiⁿ-ké\nJakarta kok-chióng ké\nKiâm-tiⁿ-ké\nChhá chhài-thâu-ké\nChian chhài-thâu-ké\nKé/kóe(粿), sī tī Bân-lâm, Tiô-sòaⁿ, Tâi-oân kah Lâm-iûⁿ Hô-ló Bîn-cho̍k siā-khu ko-á ê chóng-chheng, ēng chut-bí a̍h-sī Ji̍t-pún-bí(Ji̍t-gí: 粳米（うるちまい）) chòe ê chia̍h-mi̍h. In-ūi ū kok-chióng bô-siâng-khoán chham--ê goân-châi-liāu, iā ū kok-chióng bô-siâng-khoán ê kiò-hoat. Keng-siông tī choeh-ji̍t a̍h-sī chhiūⁿ kiat-hun/chè-chó͘ hit-khoán tiōng-iàu ê ji̍t-chí chòe.\n\nLūi-pia̍t\n---------\n\nChham thn̂g ê kiò tiⁿ-ké, koh pun-chòe o͘-thn̂g tiⁿ-ké, pe̍h-thn̂g tiⁿ-ké. Chham iâm he̍k-chiá chham chhài ê kiò kiâm-ké, koh pun-chòe chhài-thâu-ké, kim-koe-ké téng.\n\nÁn-chóaⁿ-chòe\n-------------\n\nChiong bí cheng chòe hún, chham chúi, liap chòe tè, lāi-bīn pau āⁿ, ēng ké-ìn ìn hoe-chháu, jiân-āu chhe hō͘ se̍k.\n\nSiong-koan sû-tiâu\n------------------\n\n* Ké-ìn\n* Âng-ku-ké\n* Iû-chhang-ké\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ \"臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典：粿\". 中華民國教育部. 2008-12-17 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ 《閩南方言大詞典》 P173.「粿」字條\n3. ↑ 《潮州音字典》「粿」字條：用米舂成粉末和水搓捏为柔塊，裹以甜餡或其他雜料，印以花紋，蒸熟而成的食品。旧俗潮人每于年、節、婚、丧、求神、拜佛时多制之。","meta":{"title":"Ké","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[282,1160,0.24310344827586206],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1372}} -{"text":"**Koeh Tiong-iū** (1991 nî 5 goe̍h 10 li̍t chhut-sì), sī Tâi-oân cha-po͘ koa-chhiú, Tâi-lâm lâng. I chham-ka Bîn-sī ê chhiùⁿ-koa pí-sài chiat-bo̍k ***Bêng-ji̍t chi Chheⁿ Super Star***, tī 2015 nî 11 goe̍h 7 li̍t tī Bán-chheⁿ-sài pó-chhî iu-sèng 10 koan, piàn-sêng koan-chú; I mā ū chham-ka Má-lâi-se-a ***Choân-kiû Hoaⁿ-hí Lâi Khah-la 2016*** tāi-sài. I chit-má sī gē-lîn kah hoat-phìⁿ koa-chhiú. Tī Bîn-sī ***Chong-gē Tāi Chi̍p-ha̍p*** lāi-té chò kò͘-tēng pan-té, pēng tī 2021 nî 12 goe̍h seng-chò Chú-chhî-lîn. In-ūi tī chiat-bo̍k ê iû-hì lāi tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ pá-koan sêng-kong lî-chhiáⁿ sūn-lī kòe-koan, hō͘ lâng hong-chò \"Kòe-koan Ki-hāi.\"\n\nTī 2021 nî 11 goe̍h 27 kah 28 li̍t, Pó-kiat-siông Chi̍p-thoân kí-pān \"CHAMPIONS\" ián-chhiùⁿ-hōe, chham Koeh Têng-ûn, Tân Î-têng, Chan Úi-tiòng, Tō͘ Him-tiām, Lōa Hōe-lû, Chhòa Ka-chin, Phêⁿ Chèng, Hong Ngá-hiân kah Gân Léng-an chò-hóe ián-chhut. 2022 nî 1 goe̍h 22 li̍t, tī Tâi-pak CORNER MAX kí-pān thâu-chi̍t-tiûⁿ ê hún-si kìⁿ-bīn-hōe. 2022 nî 3 goe̍h 11 kah 12 li̍t, Pó-kiat-siông Chi̍p-thoân kí-pān \"Koa chi Hióng-iàn\" ián-chhiùⁿ-hōe, chham Koeh Têng-ûn, Tō͘ Him-tiām, Hong Ngá-hiân kah Gân Léng-an chò-hóe ián-chhut.\n\n1. ↑ \"再奮起 郭忠祐晉級選秀賽第十關\". 民視新聞on Yahoo. 2015-11-07. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2018-12-19. 2018-12-19 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"郭忠祐剖白沒胡瓜：演藝之路混不下去\". 中時電子報. 2019-08-01. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2019-08-02. 2019-12-13 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ 吳孟倫 (2022-01-24). \"老少通吃！5歲女孩喊「長大嫁給你」 郭忠祐暖心回應\". *自由時報*. goân-loē-iông tī 2022-04-17 hőng khó͘-pih. 2022-01-24 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"郭忠祐","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[950,2059,0.46138902379796015],"infobox":["
    郭忠佑
    Cha-po͘ koa-chhiú
    Lô-má-jī\nKoeh Tiong-iū
    Eng-bûn miâ\nYork Kuo
    Chhiok-hō\nIông-kng lâm siaⁿ, Kòe-koan Ki-hāi, Iû-hì-ông
    Kò͘-hiong\n\"\" Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok
    Chhut-sì\n1991 nî 5 goe̍h 10 ji̍t （1991-05-10）(31 hòe)
    \"\" Tâi-oânTâi-lâm Chhī
    Chit-gia̍p\nkoa-chhiú、gē-jîn、ián-goân
    Gí-giân\nKok-gí、Tâi-gí
    Chhut-tō ji̍t-kî\n2016 nî
    Chhut-tō-chok\nBêng-li̍t Saⁿ-siáu (明日三少) ha̍p-chi̍p \"Goán\" (《我們》)
    Tāi-piáu-chok\n\"N̂g-kim Hòe-goe̍h\" (《黃金歲月》)
    Keng-kì kong-si\nSî-tāi Chhòng-gē
    Hōng-hông Gē-lêng
    Bāng-chām\nKoeh Tiong-iū Bīn-chheh bê-chiòng-ia̍h
    Koeh Tiong-iū Instagram
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1748}} -{"text":"\n\n**Kong-hái Kun**| Hàn-jī | 光海君 |\n| Ko-lê-jī | 광해군 |\n| Lô-má-jī | Gwanghae Gun |\n\n**Kong-hái Kun** (光海君; 1575 nî~1641 nî), pún-miâ **Lí Kun**(李琿, 이혼), sī Tiâu-sián ông-tiâu ê tē-15 tāi kok-ông.\n\n1608 nî kàu 1623 nî chāi-ūi.\n\nKong-hái Kun sī Tiâu-sián Soan-chó͘(朝鮮宣祖) ê tē-2 ê hāu-siⁿ.\n\nSeng-pêng\n---------\n\n1575 nî, Kong-hái Kun chhut-sì. In lāu-bú Kiong-pîn Kim--sī(恭嬪金氏) tī 2 nî āu kòe-sin, i kah kâng-bú a-hiaⁿ Lîm-hái Kun(臨海君) tàu-tīn iû tek-bú Ì-jîn Ông-hīo(懿仁王后) hû-ióng tōa-hàn.\n\n1592 nî, Jîm-sîn E-loān(壬辰倭亂) pho̍k-hoat. Toyotomi Hideyosi(豐臣 秀吉) niá-peng kong-táⁿ Hú-san, khai-sí toā-kui-bô͘ chhim-lio̍k Tiâu-sián. Soan-chó chheh-hong Kong-hái Kun ûi sè-chú.\n\n1608 nî, Soan-chó eng, Kong-hái Kun chek-ūi. Put-kò, Bêng-tiâu in-ūi Lîm-hái Kun khah tōa-hàn ê goân-in, kī-choa̍t chheh-hong Kong-hái Kun \"kok-ông\" ê chiok-ūi.\n\n1609 nî, Bêng-tiâu chiah chèng-sek chheh-hong Kong-hái Kun ûi Tiâu-sián-ông. Kong-hái Kun tùi Bêng-tiâu ê thài-tō͘ hui-siông put-boán, che chiū-sī chō-sêng i āu-lâi bô beh phòe-ha̍p Bêng-tiâu ê goân-in.\n\n1609 nî, Lí Têng-piu(李廷彪) thâi-sí ông-hiaⁿ Lîm-hái Kun, tān-sī Kong-hái Kun pèng bô tui-kiù, hō lâng tah-siōng tō-tek o͘-tiám, mā sêng-uî āu-lâi tāi-sîn thui-hoan i ê chi̍t ê lí-iû.\n\n1613 nî, Kong-hái Kun hā-lēng liû-hòng Éng-chhiong Tāi-kun(永昌大君); Keh-nî, koh hā-lēng tī Kang-hôa tó(江華島) pì-bi̍t chiong i sat-hāi. Le̍k-sú siōng hō-chòe Chhit-sù Ge̍k-su(七庶獄事).\n\n1623 nî, Jîn-chó͘ niá-peng thui-hoan Kong-hái Kun, chiong i liû-hòng Kang-hôa tó. Le̍k-sú hō-chòe Jîn-chó͘ Hoán-chèng(仁祖反正).\n\n| | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Tiâu-sián kok-ông |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Tiâu-sián kok-ông | Thài-chó͘ → Tēng-chong → Thài-chong → Sè-chong → Bûn-chong → Toan-chong → Sè-chó͘ → Joē-chong → Sêng-chong → Ian-san Kun → Tiong-chong → Jîn-chong → Bêng-chong → Soan-chó͘ → Kong-hái Kun → Jîn-chó͘ → Hàu-chong → Hián-chong → Siok-chong → Kéng-chong → Eng-chó͘ → Chèng-chó͘ → Sûn-chó͘ → Hiàn-chong → Tiat-chong → Ko-chong | |\n| |\n| Tāi-hân Tè-kok hông-tè | Ko-chong → Sûn-chong |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kong-hái Kun","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[473,1878,0.251863684771033],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2370}} -{"text":"**Chiūⁿ-chhī kong-si** (上市公司) sī chi̍t chióng kong-chiòng kong-si ê chi̍t chióng, \nsī chí ē-tàng tī chèng-koàn kau-e̍k-só͘ kong-khai kau-e̍k kong-si kó͘-phiò kap chè-koàn téng ê kó͘-hūn iú-hān kong-si. Kong-si kā i-ê chèng-koàn kap kó͘-hūn tī chèng-koàn kau-e̍k-só͘ chiūⁿ-chhī liáu-āu, kong-chiòng jîn-sū ē-tàng kin-kì kok kau-e̍k-só͘ ê kui-chek, lâi chū-iû bé-bē siong-koan chèng-koàn kap kó͘-hūn, bé-ji̍p kó͘-hūn ê kong-chiòng jîn-sū chiū chiâⁿ-chò kong-si ê kó͘-tong, hiáng-iú khoân-ek.\n\nKong-si kā chèng-koàn kap kó͘-hūn chiūⁿ-chhī ê goân-in chiâⁿ chē chióng. It-poaⁿ chêng-hóng hā, kong-si kā chèng-koàn kap kó͘-hūn tī hoat-hêng liáu-āu í chiau-kó͘ hêng-sek chiūⁿ-chhī, ē-tàng khip-ín kong-chiòng jîn-sū í tōa-liōng chu-kim tâu-ji̍p kong-si, hō͘ kong-si ē-sái ēng chhiong-chiok ê chu-kim lâi hoat-tián gia̍p-bū. Lēng-gōa, mā ū pō͘-hūn kong-si í hui-hoat-hêng sin kó͘-hūn ê hong-sek lâi chiūⁿ-chhī, i-ê bo̍k-tek ū-khó-lêng sī beh thê-ko kong-si ti-miâ-tō͘ ia̍h cheng-ka kong-si chiong-lâi tiû-chi̍p chu-kim ê hong-sek.\n\nŪi-tio̍h beh pó-hō͘ kó͘-tong lī-ek, àn chiūⁿ-chhī kui-chek, chiūⁿ-chhī kong-si ài tī ta̍k-nî 6 goe̍h tī kó͘-tong-hōe hiòng tâu-chu-chiá kap kong-chiòng kong-pò͘ kong-si ê châi-bū pò-pió téng chu-liāu, lâi chiap-siū kàm-chhat.","meta":{"title":"Chiūⁿ-chhī kong-si","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1275,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1452}} -{"text":"tī Hoán-sàng-tiong ūn-tiōng hō͘ lâng phùn chit kháu-hō--ê hō͘-nôa\n**Kong-ho̍k Hiong-káng, sî-tāi kek-bēng** (Hàn-jī: 光復香港，時代革命), sī Hiong-káng Hoán-sàng-tiong Ūn-tōng--ê kháu-hō. Khí-thâu sī Hiong-káng pún-thó͘-phài jîn-sū, Pún-thó͘ Bîn-chú Chêng-soàⁿ (本土民主前線) chêng hoat-giân-jîn Liâng Thian-kî (梁天琦) tī 2016 nî chham-ka Hiong-káng Li̍p-hoat-hōe pó͘-soán the̍h-chhut--ê khâu-hō, āu-lâng iōng tī Hoán-sàng-tiong Ūn-tōng.\n\n2020 nî 7 goe̍h 2 ji̍t, Hiong-káng Te̍k-khu Chèng-hú hoat-pò͘ seng-bêng, kóng chit-ê kháu-hō tī hiān-chú-sî ū Hiong-káng to̍k-li̍p iah-sī kā Hiong-káng Te̍k-khu tùi Tiong-hôa jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok hūn-khui, kái-piàn te̍k-khu--ê hoat-lu̍t tē-ūi, iah-sī tian-hok (顛覆) kok-ka chèng-koân--ê hâm-ì, ûi-hoán-tio̍h Hiong-káng Kok-ka An-choân-hoat.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Hoán-sàng-tiong Ūn-tōng\n* Gō͘ tōa sò͘-kiû, khoat-it put-khó\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Sng Ú-chheng (孫宇青) (Pian-e̍k) (2019-08-07). \"從反送中到光復香港 港人啟動革命\". Chū-iû sî-pò Tiān-chú-pò (自由時報電子報). 2020-07-09 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ Lô Kok-ka (羅國嘉) (Chòng-ha̍p pò-tō) (2020-07-03). \"喊「光復香港 時代革命」 港府劃紅線認定港獨\". NewTalk. 2020-07-09 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Kong-ho̍k Hiong-káng, sî-tāi kek-bēng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[331,1136,0.2913732394366197],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1298}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Han-chî |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Han-chî khui-hoe(Bí-kok South Carolina) |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Solanales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Convolvulaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Ipomoea* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***I. batatas*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Ipomoea batatas***Linnaeus |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\nTú ku̍t--khí-lâi ê han-chî (Ji̍t-pún)\n**Han-chû** (Hàn-jī: 番薯,蕃薯, Eng-gí: *sweet potato*) sī 1 ê tiōng-iàu ê niû-si̍t. Chit sû ē-sái chí kui-châng ê si̍t-bu̍t a̍h sī kan-taⁿ kin ê pō·-ūi. Han-chî ê kin pûi, chē tiān-hún, chia̍h--khí-lâi tiⁿ-tiⁿ. Hio̍h-á kah iù-ki mā ū lâng chia̍h. Oân-ná ū lâng chèng tī sek-lāi.\n\nHan-chî ê ha̍k-miâ sī *Ipomoea batatas* L. *Ipomoea* chit ê sio̍k iū-koh ū kúi-nā-khoán chèng tī hoe-hn̂g ê chéng (Eng-bûn: *morning glory*).\n\nHan-chî ê goân-sán-tē it-poaⁿ jīn-ûi tī Lâm Bí-chiu. Āu--lâi chiah kòe hái khì kàu Thài-pêng-iûⁿ ê Lâm-tó-gí-cho̍k sió-tó.\n\nTī Tâi-ôan\n----------\n\nŪ lâng kám-kak Tâi-oân-tó ê hêng sêng 1 lia̍p hân-chî, só·-í ū chheng-ho· Tâi-oân lâng chò \"Hân-chî-á\" ê kóng-hoat.\n\nSiong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* Chhiū-chî\n* Má-lêng-chî\n* Ō·-á.\n* Soaⁿ-io̍h\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* 台灣番薯文化誌 (ISBN 986-7796-18-7)\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Ipomoea batatas*** |","meta":{"title":"Han-chî","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[346,1071,0.323062558356676],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1553}} -{"text":"**Middag Ông-kok** (Tōa-tō͘ Ông-kok, 大肚王國) sī koè-khì tī Tâi-oân tiong-pō͘ ê pō͘-lo̍k liân-bêng. Tī 17 sè-kí ê Hô-lân-lâng siá ê ji̍t-kì khai-sí ū kì-chài chit ê liân-bêng. M̄-kò bô siá chit ê liân-bêng tī-tang-sî to̍h ū. Kàu Tēⁿ Keng sî-tāi, Middag Ông-kok sit-sè.\n\nCho͘-sêng\n---------\n\nCho͘-sêng Middag Ông-kok ê pō͘-cho̍k hâm Papora, Babuza, Hoanya kap Pazehhe; kun-kù 1638 nî Hô-lân-lâng ê chêng-pò, ū 18-ê chng. Ông-kok siāng kiông ê sî, koán-hat lóng-chóng 27-ê chng. \n\nChú-iàu ê chng-siā pau-koat Sada, Boedor, Deredonesel, kap Goema téng-téng, nā Middag ông tòa ê só͘-chāi chio̍h sī Middag.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nMiddag Ông-kok kap Hô-lân-lâng ū chiap-chhiok, in-ê siú-léng Hô-lân-lâng chheng sī *Keizer van Middag* (ì-sù: Middag ê Ông), lēng-goā mā ū kì-lio̍k Hàn-jîn ê kóng-hoat *Quata Ong*, \"Ong\" tio̍h sī Hō-ló-oē ê \"Ông\". Hô-lân-lâng tī 1645 nî liáu-āu, sit-chè-siōng khòng-ché liáu Quata Ông ê kè-sêng.\n\nTēⁿ Sêng-kong chiàm Tâi-oân ê sî-chūn, kap Middag Ông-kok ū chhiong-tu̍t, chi̍t khai-sí chiàn-su. Kàu Tēⁿ Keng sî-tāi, Middag Ông-kok sit-sè. \n\nTong-sî ê Hàn-jîn tùi chi̍t-ê chèng-khoân pēng bô \"ông-kok\" ê kóng-hoat, chú-iàu sī kì-chè Toā-tō͘ tē-khu ū \"hoan-ông\" (番王).\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ William Campbell (1903). *Formosa under the Dutch*.\n\n* \"大肚番王傳奇\". *平埔文化資訊網*. 中央研究院民族學研究所.\n* \"大肚王\". *台灣大百科全書*. 行政院文化建設委員會.","meta":{"title":"Middag Ông-kok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[146,1278,0.11424100156494522],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1529}} -{"text":"New York Kong-kiōng Tô͘-su-koán\n**Kong-kiōng tô͘-su-koán** (公共圖書館) sī thè kong-chiòng ho̍k-bū ê tô͘-su-koán, it-poaⁿ iû chèng-hú ê sòe-siu lâi chi-chhî, pēng iû kong-bū-oân teh ūn-chok. Chham choan-gia̍p he̍k-chiá ha̍k-su̍t ê tô͘-su-koán bô-kāng, kong-kiōng tô͘-su-koán ê ho̍k-bū tùi-siòng ē-tàng sī gín-á kap tōa-lâng; thê-kiong hui-choan-gia̍p ê tô͘-su (pau-hâm thong-sio̍k tho̍k-bu̍t, kî-khan cha̍p-chì kap chham-khó-chheh), kong-kiōng sìn-sit, bāng-chè bāng-lō͘, iáⁿ-tia̍p cho͘-chioh kap tô͘-su-koán kàu-io̍k. Chit-khoán tô͘-su-koán mā ē siu-chi̍p chāi-tē te̍k-sek ê chheh kap chu-sìn, pēng thê-kiong siā-khu oa̍h-tāng ê tiûⁿ-só͘ kap khong-kan.\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Kong-kiōng tô͘-su-koán*** |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85108703\n* GND: 4043141-1\n* NKC: ph116570\n* BNE: XX525735\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kong-kiōng tô͘-su-koán","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[141,800,0.17625],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1018}} -{"text":"Kok-chè Âng Si̍p-jī kap Âng Goe̍h-bâi Ūn-tōng ê kî-á\n**Kok-chè Âng Si̍p-jī kap Âng Goe̍h-bâi Ūn-tōng** (Eng-gí: *International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement*) sī kok-chè-sèng ê jîn-tō-chú-gī ūn-tōng, tī thong-sè-kài kok-tē ū tāi-iok 9700-bān ūi chì-goān-chiá kap kang-chok jîn-oân. Che sī kok-chè jîn-tō ūn-tōng beh pó-hō͘ lâng ê sèⁿ-miā kap kiān-khong, pó-chiong lâng ê chun-giâm, kiám-kheng kok-che̍k, chéng-cho̍k, chong-kàu sìn-gióng, kai-kip kap chèng-tī koan-liām só͘ ín-khí ê jīm-hô kî-sī.\n\nKok-chè Âng Si̍p-jī kap Âng Sin-goe̍h Ūn-tōng ū 3 ê pō͘-hūn: Âng Si̍p-jī Kok-chè Úi-oân-hōe, Âng Si̍p-jī kap Âng Goe̍h-bâi Kok-chè Liân-ha̍p-hōe, kok-kok ê Âng Si̍p-jī Hōe kap Âng Goe̍h-bâi Hōe. Chit 3 ê chó͘-sêng pō͘-hūn siong-tùi to̍k-li̍p, m̄-koh ū kiōng-tông ê ki-pún goân-chek, bo̍k-piau, piau-chì kap chiong-thêng.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 145680594\n* LCCN: n2001131185\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 1941 4682\n* GND: 138093-X\n* SUDOC: 028180585\n* BNF: cb118683491 (data)\n* BIBSYS: 1465468306125\n* HDS: 025812\n* NLA: 35444802\n* NKC: ko2009518538\n* CiNii: DA11076977\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kok-chè Âng Si̍p-jī kap Âng Goe̍h-bâi Ūn-tōng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[210,1018,0.206286836935167],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1267}} -{"text":"Staunton khoán-sek ê kî-poâⁿ, kî-jí, kap kè-sî ê choan-iōng sî-cheng.\nTī Hông-gâ-lī siú-to͘ Budapest ê 1 ê kong-hn̂g kiâⁿ-kî.\n**Kok-chè chhiūⁿ-kî** (國際象棋), ia̍h kiò **Kok-chè bú-kî** (國際武棋), Se-iûⁿ kî (西洋棋), sī 1 chióng 2 lâng toà pang-á-téng ī ê thiu-siōng chhek-lio̍k iû-hì, bo̍k-tek sī beh lia̍h (checkmate) tùi-chhiú ê kok-ông. Kok-chè bú-kî sī sè-kài siāng chē lâng ī ê pang-á iû-hì (board game), ū tan-sûn teh ī chhit-thô--ê mā ū tiàm kū-lo̍k-pō͘, tàu-sè-hoē (tournament) chèng-sek piàⁿ su-iâⁿ--ê. Mā ē-tàng keng-koè bāng-lō͘, iû-piān, ia̍h tiān-chú-phe pí-sài.\n\nChhin-chhiūⁿ kok-chè chhiūⁿ-kî ê iû-hì thong sè-kài ū chē chē chióng khoán-sek, pau-koat Tiong-kok chhiūⁿ-kî (bú-kî), Syôgi (Ji̍t-gí: 将棋, Ji̍t-pún chiong-kî), Janggi (장기, Hân-kok chiong-kî), Thài-kok ê Makruk. Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ biâu-siá ê pán-pún mā hō chò **FIDE Chess**, **Se-iûⁿ-kî** (西洋棋).\n\nKok-chè chhiūⁿ-kî ia̍h ū lâng kóng sī 1 chióng gē-su̍t, kho-ha̍k, iōng náu ê bú-su̍t, ia̍h thé-io̍k ūn-tōng (sport). Mā ū kó͘-chhui ī kok-chè chhiūⁿ-kî ê lâng soan-thoân kóng ū thê-seng náu-la̍t ê lō͘-iōng.\n\nĪ-hoat\n------\n\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| |\n| --- |\n| |\n| | \n\n| | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n\n | |\n| |\n\n |\n| Boē-chêng kau-chiàn ê kio̍k-sè. |\n\n\nKok-chè chhiūⁿ-kî tī 1 tè sì-kak pang-á téng-koân ī. Pang-á-bīn (kî-poâⁿ) oē 8 choā × 8 noâ, lóng-chóng pun 64 keh. Keh-á ū o͘ ū pe̍h, 2 chióng kau-lûn. Chhím kau-chiàn ê sî-chūn, 1 pêng ū 16 jí: 8 jí sū-peng, 2 jí khî-sū, 2 jí chú-kàu, 2 jí siâⁿ-pó, 1 jí ông-hiō, 1 jí kok-ông. 1 jí khiā 1 keh, 1 keh kan-taⁿ ē-sái ū 1 jí. Sûi khoán kî-jí ū i te̍k-sû ê kiâⁿ-hoat (hong-hiòng kap hn̄g-kīn). Ta̍k jí to ē-tàng chiàm tùi-chhiú jīm-hô 1 jí ê ūi (sio-thâi), kā i chhú-tāi (chia̍h jí).\n\n1 lâng hoāⁿ pe̍h-jí-pêng, 1 lâng hoāⁿ o͘-jí; pe̍h-jí-pêng tiāⁿ-tio̍h kiâⁿ tāi-seng. Kok-ông ti̍t-chiap hō͘ te̍k-jîn ê kî-jí pek-hia̍p ê chêng-hêng hō chò \"chiong-kun\" (check). Hō͘ lâng chiong-kun ê hit pêng tiāⁿ-tio̍h sûi pó-hō͘ kok-ông ê an-choân. I ē-tàng siám, cha̍h, iah-sī kā kong-kek ê kî-jí thâi tiāu. Bô i ê hoat ê sî, tō hō chò \"chiong-sí\" (checkmate), piáu-sī su. Boē chiong-sí chêng thoè-chhut (resign) téng-î jīn-su. Ū chi̍t-koá chêng-hêng ē chō-chiâⁿ hô-kio̍k (draw): kî-poâⁿ téng bô kàu kî-jí thang lia̍h ông; iah-sī kāng kio̍k kî-sè (position) tiông-ho̍k 3 piàn; iah-sī kiâⁿ 50 pō͘ lóng bô chiong-kun mā bô chia̍h jí; iah-sī 2 pêng iok-tēng kiat-sok (hō chò hia̍p-gī hô-kio̍k/draw by agreement). Pek-hô (stalemate) sī 1 chióng te̍k-sû ê hô-kio̍k: ông bô hō͘ lâng chiong-kun, siâng hit-sî ia̍h bô ha̍p-hoat ê pō͘ thang kiâⁿ.\n\nKiâⁿ-hoat\n---------\n\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| |\n| --- |\n| |\n| | \n\n| | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n\n | |\n| |\n\n |\n| Khî-sū kiâⁿ L-hêng (2 × 1). |\n\n\nTa̍k chióng kî-jí ū te̍k-sû ê kiâⁿ-hoat. Tī kok-chè chhiūⁿ-kî, kan-taⁿ khî-sū ē-iōng-tit \"thiàu koè\" kî-jí, kî-thaⁿ lóng tio̍h sūn khang keh soá-ūi. Jí 1 pō͘ kiâⁿ kúi-ā-keh ê sî, bē-sái-tit kái hong-hiòng. Siâⁿ-pó (rook) kiâⁿ hoâiⁿ--ê ia̍h ti̍t--ê, bô hān kúi keh. Chú-kàu (bishop) kiâⁿ chhiâ--ê, bô hān keh; siâng pêng ū 1 tùi chú-kàu kiâⁿ bô kāng sek--ê. Ông-hiō (queen) ê kiâⁿ-hoat sī siâⁿ-pó kap chú-kàu ha̍p chò-hoé (hoâiⁿ, ti̍t, chhiâ). kok-ông (king) chhin-chhiūⁿ Ông-hiō, cheng-chha 1 pō͘ hān 1 keh nā-niā; î-it ê lē-goā sī tng-tang ông kap siâⁿ-pó sio-oāⁿ-ūi (kok-ông siâⁿ-pó sio-oāⁿ-ūi/castling) ê sî, tō chò-chi̍t-ē kiâⁿ 2 keh. Khî-sū kiâⁿ L-hêng--ê (seng kiâⁿ 2 keh chiah koh oat chiàⁿ-pêng ia̍h tò-pêng 1 keh). Kan-taⁿ Khî-sū ē-sái-tit thiàu koè ū khiā kî-jí ê ūi. Khî-sū kiâⁿ 1 pō͘ tō oāⁿ bô kāng sek ê keh-á.\n\nPeng-á sī î-it kiâⁿ-hoat kap chia̍h-hoat bô kâng ê kî-jí. In it-poaⁿ sī 1 pō͘ hiòng-chêng kiâⁿ 1 keh; thâu-chêng keh tiāⁿ-tio̍h bô tìn. Mā m̄-chún kiâⁿ hoan-thâu. In chia̍h thâu-chêng ūi ê piⁿ-á keh ê te̍k-jí, ē-sái kóng sī chhiâ-soàⁿ pêng ê keh-á. Nā-chún peng-jí goân-chāi tī pún-ūi (boē tín-tāng--tio̍h) koh thâu-chêng 2 keh lóng bô tìn-ūi, tō ē-tàng 1 pō͘ soá 2 keh. Án-ne kiâⁿ kàu te̍k-peng piⁿ-á ê peng-jí, tùi-hong ē-sái-tit kā chia̍h--khì, jiân-āu chiàm i *kha-chhiah-āu* hit ūi (hō chò \"(chia̍h) keng-koè--ê\"/capture *en passant*); che bē-su kan-taⁿ kiâⁿ 1 keh nā-tiāⁿ. Kiâⁿ kàu tùi-bīn piah (tē 8 choā) ê peng-jí tiāⁿ-tio̍h seng-téng pìⁿ ông ia̍h sū-peng í-goā ê kî-jí (chhiâng-chāi sī kéng ông-hiō).\n\nChhek-lio̍k kap chiàn-su̍t\n--------------------------\n\nHiān-tāi ê kok-chè chhiūⁿ-kî kiông-tiāu tui-kiû ūi-tì (position) ê iu-sè, thang chè-chō iâⁿ-bīn. Che pau-koat kín an-chhah kî-jí tiàm iú-lī ê ūi-tì, hō͘ in khòng-chè khah chē koan-kiān ê keh-á, iah-sī khah ū soá-ūi ê khong-kan chū-iû, koh ē-tàng hān-chè tùi-chhiú ê soán-te̍k. Beh kā iu-sè choán chò sèng-lī, tiāⁿ-tio̍h su-iàu kî-chhiú kè-sǹg kî-pō͘ ê hiō-kó. Chiàn-su̍t ê si̍t-hêng ē-tàng hō͘ kî-chhiú oân-sêng té-kî ê bo̍k-phiau, pau-koat kong-kek tùi-chhiú ê ông, hông-gū ka-kī ê ông, siau-bia̍t tùi-chhiú ê peng-le̍k, siat hām-khu̍t lâi kan-gāi pō͘-kio̍k téng-téng.\n\nPeng-le̍k ê chē-chió ē-sǹg-tit: hiān-tāi ê sǹg-hoat kiàn-gī Ông-hiō ū 9 hun, Siâⁿ-pó 5 hun, Chú-kàu/Khî-sū 3 hun, Sū-peng 1 hun. Ông ê kè-ta̍t sī bû-hān--ê. Che piáu-sī kî-chhiú hoān-sè goān-ì hi-seng i ê Ông-hiō lâi oāⁿ 1 jí Siâⁿ-pó, 1 jí Khî-sū, kap 1 jí Sū-peng. Chóng--sī, ta̍k jí ê kè-ta̍t hām 1 kio̍k kî ê sî-khong ū koan-hē, su-iàu khó-lū tio̍h kî-poâⁿ téng ê peng-le̍k ê kí-hô chó͘-ha̍p kap kî-jí tī kui-ê tn̂g-kî chhek-lio̍k--ni̍h ia̍h té-kî chiàn-su̍t--ni̍h ê kak-sek.\n\n### Khui-kio̍k, tiong-kio̍k, boé-kio̍k\n\nKî-chhiú koàn-sì kā 1 kio̍k kî ê hoat-tián hun chò 3 khám-chām lâi hun-sek. Ùi goân-sú ūi-tì khai-sí kiâⁿ--ê chêng 10-goā-pō͘ hō chò *khui-kio̍k*. Ū sò͘-10-chióng khui-kio̍k ū te̍k-pia̍t hō miâ, chhin-chhiūⁿ Se-pan-gâ Khui-kio̍k, Sicilia Hông-gū. Khui-kio̍k ê bo̍k-tek sī beh pò͘-kio̍k, te̍k-pia̍t sī khòng-chè kî-poâⁿ ê tiong-sim tē-tāi, pó-hō͘ ông ê an-choân, an-chhah peng-le̍k toà lí-sióng ê ūi-á, kiàn-siat kian-chòng ê peng-hêng (pawn structure).\n\nPiau-chún khui-kio̍k ê kî-pō͘ kiâⁿ soah tō sûi chiap *tiong-kio̍k*. Kî-chhiú ē pī-pān kî-jí hoat-tōng kong-kek, ka-kiông hông-gū, ia̍h-sī jio̍k-hoà tùi-chhiú ê kio̍k-sè. Tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ū sio-chia̍h kî-jí ê chêng-hêng. Tiong-kio̍k kap soà-chiap ê boé-kio̍k chi-kan ū-sî bô bêng-hián ê hun-kài.\n\nKàu kah toā-hūn ê kî-jí sio-chia̍h lo̍h-tâi ê khám-chām, tō hō chò *boé-kio̍k*. It-poaⁿ í-keng bô-kàu peng-le̍k thang ti̍t-chiap kong-kek te̍k-ông. Iû-hì ê bo̍k-phiau pìⁿ-chiâⁿ sak 1 jí peng-á kàu tē-8-choā, hō͘ i seng-téng, it-poaⁿ sī pìⁿ ông-hiō. Kāng sî-chūn oan-ná ī-hông tùi-chhiú sak peng seng-téng. Tāi-seng sūn-lī seng-téng ê hit-pêng it-poaⁿ ún iâⁿ.\n\nKî-jí\n-----\n\n* Kok-ông\n* Ông-hiō\n* Siâⁿ-pó\n* Chú-kàu\n* Khî-sū\n* Sū-peng","meta":{"title":"Kok-chè chhiūⁿ-kî","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[108,6212,0.017385705086928525],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":9257}} -{"text":"**Koeh Tek-hoâi** (郭德懷) chhut-seⁿ tī 1896 nî tī Se Jawa, Bogor-chhī, sī Ìn-nî-Hôa-jîn chok-ka, Sam-kàu soan-kàu-su. Lāu-pē sī seng-lí-lâng. Sè-hàn ê kàu-io̍k iû-goân bē chheng-chhó, ū-khó-lêng bat tha̍k Hô-lân su-li̍p-ha̍k-hāu kah thoân-tōng-ha̍k-hāu (ēng Hok-kiàn-ōe ê ha̍k-hāu). Chū-sè-hàn hē-pit, gâu kóng Hô-lân-gí, Eng-gí, kap Má-lâi-gī. Tē-it chheh tī 1919 chhut-pán—ê, miâ-chò \"Siâ-sîn\" (\"Allah yang Palsu\"), i leh gê-sé tham-sim siā-hōe ê tāi-chì.\n\nKoeh Tek-hoâi tùi chong-kàu-ha̍k kah Tiong-kok-thiat-ha̍k ū koan-sim. M̄-nā siáu-soat, i mā chhòng-chok ū-ê Tang-iûⁿ thiat-ha̍k chheh.\n\nHit-tong-sî, Koeh tek-hoâi tâu-su Sin-pò, chi̍t-ê Ìn-nî Hôa-jîn pò-siā. Koeh Tek-hoâi iā chham-ka Tiong-hôa Hōe-koán （THHK）, Ìn-nî Hôa-jîn ha̍k-su̍t-thoân-thé. Tiong-hôa-Hōe-koán teh chi-chhî Jû-ha̍k. Koeh Tek-hoâi iā gián-kiú Jû-ha̍k.\n\nĒng i-ê Jû-ha̍k kiàn-sek, i beh thó-lūn siā-hōe kap chèng-tī ê sū. Jû-ha̍k ê éng-hióng tī i-ê khah-chá bûn-chiuⁿ (1930 í-chêng) ē-tàng chhōe—tio̍h. In-ūi i-sī leh gián-kiú chong-kàu-ha̍k, i hoán-tùi Kiōng-sán-chú-gī, chàn-sêng Ìn-nî kok-ka chú-gī. Koeh Tek-hoâi kap i-ê pêng-iú kiàn-li̍p *Sam-kàu-hōe* tī 1934 nî. Lēng-gōa, i iā tī *Pa-siâⁿ Hu̍t-kàu Siā-hōe* (Batavia Budhhist Association) chò hōe-tiúⁿ. Ūi-tio̍h hap-it sam-kàu, Koeh Tek-hoâi tùi kok chong-kàu chhōe-tio̍h kāng-khoán ê tāi-chì.","meta":{"title":"Koeh Tek-hoâi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1306,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1491}} -{"text":"**Koeh Hoâi-it**(郭懷一; 1603 nî  – 1652 nî 9 goe̍h 7 ji̍t) sī Hô-lân sî-tāi ê Tâi-oân khai-khún kah kek-bēng ê léng-tō-chiá. I tī Hok-kiàn-séng Choân-chiu-hú Tâng-oaⁿ-koāiⁿ chhut-sì.\n\nKoeh Hoâi-it tī hiān-kim Tâi-lâm-chhī ê Éng-khong-khu kak-sì chiông-sū khai-khún. Tong-sî Hàn-jîn tī Éng-khong só͘-chāi chèng-choh môa kah bí téng keng-chè chok-bu̍t, chiām-chiām piàn-sêng chi̍t ê kau-e̍k chhoan-lo̍k. Koeh Hoâi-it sī chāi-tē ê léng-tō-chiá, Hô-lân ê le̍k-sú kì-lio̍k tiong, i hō-chòe **Ngó͘-koaⁿ Hoâi-it** (五官懷一). Chū 1650 nî khai-sí, kam-chià ê seng-sán sò͘-liōng kiám-chió, Hàn-jîn khai-khún-chiá seng-oa̍h pháiⁿ kóe; lēng-gōa koh in-ūi put-boán Hô-lân kun-sū cheng-siu tāng-sòe, Koeh Hoâi-it pì-bi̍t kè-e̍k beh khí-gī hoán-khòng.\n\nPut-kò, chāi-tē ê thâu-ke (頭家) kā chit ê poān-loān kè-e̍k tâu hō Hô-lân thóng-tī-chiá chai-iáⁿ, iáu-bē chún-pī oân-pī ê Koeh Hoâi-it chí e-sái thê-chá tī 1652 nî 9 goe̍h 7 ji̍t khí-sū. Koeh Hoâi-it kah Hàn-jîn bîn-peng kong-táⁿ Chhiah-khàm, chiàn-pāi thiat-thè. Koeh Hoâi-it tī tô-cháu ê kóe-thêng tiong, hō goân-chū-bîn siā-sí.","meta":{"title":"Koeh Hoâi-it","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1054,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1211}} -{"text":"**Koeh Tiong-iū** (1991 nî 5 goe̍h 10 li̍t chhut-sì), sī Tâi-oân cha-po͘ koa-chhiú, Tâi-lâm lâng. I chham-ka Bîn-sī ê chhiùⁿ-koa pí-sài chiat-bo̍k ***Bêng-ji̍t chi Chheⁿ Super Star***, tī 2015 nî 11 goe̍h 7 li̍t tī Bán-chheⁿ-sài pó-chhî iu-sèng 10 koan, piàn-sêng koan-chú; I mā ū chham-ka Má-lâi-se-a ***Choân-kiû Hoaⁿ-hí Lâi Khah-la 2016*** tāi-sài. I chit-má sī gē-lîn kah hoat-phìⁿ koa-chhiú. Tī Bîn-sī ***Chong-gē Tāi Chi̍p-ha̍p*** lāi-té chò kò͘-tēng pan-té, pēng tī 2021 nî 12 goe̍h seng-chò Chú-chhî-lîn. In-ūi tī chiat-bo̍k ê iû-hì lāi tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ pá-koan sêng-kong lî-chhiáⁿ sūn-lī kòe-koan, hō͘ lâng hong-chò \"Kòe-koan Ki-hāi.\"\n\nTī 2021 nî 11 goe̍h 27 kah 28 li̍t, Pó-kiat-siông Chi̍p-thoân kí-pān \"CHAMPIONS\" ián-chhiùⁿ-hōe, chham Koeh Têng-ûn, Tân Î-têng, Chan Úi-tiòng, Tō͘ Him-tiām, Lōa Hōe-lû, Chhòa Ka-chin, Phêⁿ Chèng, Hong Ngá-hiân kah Gân Léng-an chò-hóe ián-chhut. 2022 nî 1 goe̍h 22 li̍t, tī Tâi-pak CORNER MAX kí-pān thâu-chi̍t-tiûⁿ ê hún-si kìⁿ-bīn-hōe. 2022 nî 3 goe̍h 11 kah 12 li̍t, Pó-kiat-siông Chi̍p-thoân kí-pān \"Koa chi Hióng-iàn\" ián-chhiùⁿ-hōe, chham Koeh Têng-ûn, Tō͘ Him-tiām, Hong Ngá-hiân kah Gân Léng-an chò-hóe ián-chhut.\n\n1. ↑ \"再奮起 郭忠祐晉級選秀賽第十關\". 民視新聞on Yahoo. 2015-11-07. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2018-12-19. 2018-12-19 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"郭忠祐剖白沒胡瓜：演藝之路混不下去\". 中時電子報. 2019-08-01. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2019-08-02. 2019-12-13 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ 吳孟倫 (2022-01-24). \"老少通吃！5歲女孩喊「長大嫁給你」 郭忠祐暖心回應\". *自由時報*. goân-loē-iông tī 2022-04-17 hőng khó͘-pih. 2022-01-24 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Koeh Tiong-iū","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[950,2059,0.46138902379796015],"infobox":["
    郭忠佑
    Cha-po͘ koa-chhiú
    Lô-má-jī\nKoeh Tiong-iū
    Eng-bûn miâ\nYork Kuo
    Chhiok-hō\nIông-kng lâm siaⁿ, Kòe-koan Ki-hāi, Iû-hì-ông
    Kò͘-hiong\n\"\" Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok
    Chhut-sì\n1991 nî 5 goe̍h 10 ji̍t （1991-05-10）(32 hòe)
    \"\" Tâi-oânTâi-lâm Chhī
    Chit-gia̍p\nkoa-chhiú、gē-jîn、ián-goân
    Gí-giân\nKok-gí、Tâi-gí
    Chhut-tō ji̍t-kî\n2016 nî
    Chhut-tō-chok\nBêng-li̍t Saⁿ-siáu (明日三少) ha̍p-chi̍p \"Goán\" (《我們》)
    Tāi-piáu-chok\n\"N̂g-kim Hòe-goe̍h\" (《黃金歲月》)
    Keng-kì kong-si\nSî-tāi Chhòng-gē
    Hōng-hông Gē-lêng
    Bāng-chām\nKoeh Tiong-iū Bīn-chheh bê-chiòng-ia̍h
    Koeh Tiong-iū Instagram
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1748}} -{"text":"**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng Tâi-oân-séng Tâi-pak-chhī Kang-chok Úi-oân-hōe** (中國共產黨台灣省台北市工作委員會), kán-chheng **Tiong-kiōng Tâi-pak Chhī-úi** (中共台北市委), sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī Tâi-oân-séng Tâi-pak-chhī ê tē-hng cho͘-chit, sī Tiong-kiōng Tâi-oân Séng-úi ê phài-chhut ki-koan.\n\nTiong-kiōng Tâi-pak Chhī-úi sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng siat-tì chāi Tâi-oân Tâi-pak-chhī ê gōa-ûi cho͘-chit, tī 1947 nî 10 goe̍h sêng-li̍p, í tha̍k-chheh-hōe ê hêng-sek chìn-hêng oa̍h-tāng, iû Koeh Siù-chong hū-chek. Tâi-pak-chhī Kang-chok Úi-oân-hōe ē-kha koh ū Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k Hù-sio̍k I-īⁿ Chi-pō͘, Chháu-soaⁿ Chi-pō͘, Hun-chiú Kong-bē-kio̍k Chi-pō͘, Tâi-pak Tiān-sìn-kio̍k Chi-pō͘, Sū-lîm Jia̍t-tài I-ha̍k Gián-kiù-só͘ Chi-pō͘, Siang-hn̂g Chi-pō͘, Hôe-siūⁿ-chiu Chi-pō͘ kap Tē-it chì Tē-gō͘ Tâi-pak Ke-thâu Chi-pō͘ téng-téng. 1950 nî. Mô͘ Jîn-hōng chú-tō ê Pó-bi̍t-kio̍k phò-he̍k chit-ê úi-oân-hōe, sûi tāi-pó͘ só͘-ū sêng-oân chóng-kiōng 51 lâng. Kî-tiong pau-hâm tam-jīm úi-oân-hōe su-kì ê Koeh Siù-chong chāi-lāi. Chit-ê \"húi-tia̍p àn\" ū 15 lâng pī chhèng-sat, 36 lâng pī phòaⁿ 1 chì 15 tang ê iú-kî tô͘-hêng.\n\nTâi-pak-chhī Kang-chok Úi-oân-hōe sī Tâi-oân-séng Kang-chok Úi-oân-hōe ê siōng-tōa ti̍t-sio̍k ki-koan, khan-liân ê chèng-tī-hoān iā chē. 1950 nî-tāi ê chit kiāⁿ \"Pak-kang-úi àn\" (北工委案) ê po̍k-hoat, khai-khé í Tâi-pak-chhī ûi-chú ê Tâi-oân Pe̍h-sek Khióng-pò͘ sî-kî, chit-ê sî-kî ē-tàng iân-sin kàu 1970 nî-tāi, sīm-chì kàu 1990 nî-tāi chit kiāⁿ tāi-chì chiah tit-tio̍h pêng-hoán.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-pak-chhī Kang-chok Úi-oân-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1505,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1704}} -{"text":"Hân-kok cha-bó͘ eⁿ-á leh tō͘-chè\nTō͘-chè (度晬,tâi-lô \"tōo-tsè\"), sī Tang-a chi̍t-khoán eⁿ-á móa chi̍t-hòe sî-chūn chòe siⁿ-ji̍t ê hong-sio̍k.\n\nHong-sio̍k\n----------\n\nTī hit-ji̍t, ka-têng tio̍h chún-pī seng-lé kah âng-ku-ké lâi chè-pài sîn-bêng kah chè-chó͘; mā-tio̍h pān-toh chhiáⁿ chhin-chiâⁿ pêng-iú. Eⁿ-á in a-bú gōa-ke tio̍h chún-pī \"thâu-bé-lé\" kah âng-ku-ké lâi khèng-chiok. Cha-bó͘ eⁿ-á it-poaⁿ kan-na siu \"thâu-bé-lé\", bô chòe tō͘-chè. Tī hit-ji̍t ka-têng mā ē chún-pī cha̍p-jī hāng kah chit-gia̍p siong-koan ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ, hē leh thai-á tiong hō͘ eⁿ-á soán-te̍k, lâi ū-chhek eⁿ-á bī-lâi ê chit-gia̍p.. Chit-khoán oa̍h-tāng, Hôa-gí kiò \"抓周/試周/試兒/拿周\", Hân-gí kiò \"조주/돌잡이\", Ji̍t-gí kiò \"選び取り\".\n\nEⁿ-á soán-te̍k kok-chióng mi̍h-kiāⁿ ê ì-gī\n------------------------------------------\n\nChhehChiong-lâi ē-hiáu tha̍k-chheh, chòe ha̍k-chiá/choan-ka\nPit/ba̍kChok-chiá/Ōe-ka\nÌn-áĒ chòe koaⁿ\nSǹg-pôaⁿ/kè-sǹg-kiĒ chòe seng-lí, a̍h-sī kòe-kè\nChîⁿ/gûn-hâng-khahĒ chin ū-chîⁿ; Kim-iông hâng-gia̍p\nKe-thúiŪ hok-khì\nChhiohĒ chòe siat-kè-su/kiàn-tio̍k-su\nChhangChhong-bêng\nSǹgĒ-hiáu kè-sǹg\nKhûn-chhàiĒ khûn-lô kut-la̍t\nTo/kiàmĒ chòe kun-jîn/kéng-chhat\nThiaⁿ-tângI-seng/hō͘-sū\nKa-toChhâi-hông\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ 《閩南方言大詞典》 P97「度晬」字條：嬰兒年滿1後雖。本地習俗要大肆慶祝一番，宴請親友，昔時還有抓週活動，以此預卜孩子將來的職業前途：下月日即個囡仔~咯。\n2. ↑ \"臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典：度晬\". 中華民國教育部. 2015-12-29 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典：度晬\". 中華民國教育部. 2015-12-29 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ \"寶寶成長禮俗--抓周\". 張玉櫻. 2015-12-29 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Tō͘-chè","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[342,1526,0.22411533420707733],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1773}} -{"text":"**Oai-ko-phìⁿ** sī biâu-siá lâng ê sin-thé ah sī sèng-hêng-ûi, lâi chhì-kek lâng-ê sèng-io̍k ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ. Oai-ko-phìⁿ ū kî-thaⁿ ê kóng-hoat, chhin-chhiūⁿ **A phián**, **saⁿ-kip-phìⁿ**, **sek-chêng-phìⁿ**, **o͘-phìⁿ** kap **bah-phìⁿ** téng-téng.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nOai-ko-phìⁿ ê le̍k-sú kap tiān-iáⁿ chha-put-to pîⁿ-kú. 1890 nî-tāi Au-chiu khai-sí ū lâng pàng-tiān-iáⁿ hong khoàⁿ, bô-jōa-kú tio̍h ū lâng teh pàng oai-ko-phìⁿ, hit-sî pàng-ê kan-taⁿ sī cha-bó͘-lâng teh thǹg-saⁿ nā-tiāⁿ. Chhut-miâ ê chhōa-thâu-lâng ū Eugene Pirou kap Albert Kirchner. Eugene Pirou oân-tóe sī chò oai-ko liap-iáⁿ ê. Kùi-nā tang liáu-āu, chit-chióng oai-ko-phìⁿ tio̍h khì hō͘ hoat-lu̍t kìm-·khì, piàn-chò tī tê-tiàm-á ah-sī cha-po͘-lâng su-hā thau-thau teh khòaⁿ ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ.\n\nŪ kì-lio̍k siōng-chá ê oai-ko-phìⁿ sī 1908-nî ê Hoat-kok phìⁿ, *A L'Ecu d'Or ou la bonne auberge* (\"Lâi-khì L'Ecu d'Or chit-keng chán ê hòan-á-keng\"), sī kóng chı̍t-ê peng-á kap lú-siā ê né-chiàng iu-hōe ê keng-kòe. Chóng-sī thâu-chı̍t-chhut ū tī tiān-iáⁿ-īⁿ poaⁿ koh ū kio̍k-chêng ê sī 1970-nî ê Bí-kok phìⁿ, *Mona* (mā hō-chò *Chāi-sek koh gâu-chhio ê Mona*, Eng-gí *Mona, the Virgin Nymph*).\n\n1960 nî-tāi liáu-āu, Kē-tē-kok kap Pak Au-chiu bô koh sím-cha tiān-iáⁿ ê lōe-iông; 1970 nî-tāi, Bí-kok ê hoat-lu̍t ún-chún oai-ko-phiⁿ tī tiān-iáⁿ-iⁿ poaⁿ, oai-ko-phiⁿ tōa-chhut.\n\nKho-ki tùi oai-ko-phìⁿ ê éng-hióng\n----------------------------------\n\nTī 1970-nî-tāi phah oai-ko-phìⁿ kap phah phó͘-thong ê tiān-iáⁿ bô siáⁿ-mı̍h cheng-chha. Liap-iáⁿ-ki chin tāng, bô hoat-tō͘ ēng lâng lâi the̍h, ài khǹg tī thih-kè-á téng, ēng lián-á sak leh kiâⁿ. Hûi-luh-mu chiâⁿ kùi, chı̍t-chhioh chı̍t-chhioh lòng ài pó-sioh. Tùi-chiau, phah-kng lóng ài choan-gia̍p ê lâng chiah ōe-hiáu. Khì phah oai-ko-phìⁿ ê, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī siàu-liân ū châi-chêng, iau-bōe chhut-miâ ê tō-ián, ūi-tio̍h beh thàn-chîⁿ chiah lâi phah oai-ko-phìⁿ. Hit-sî ê oai-ko-phiⁿ khah tiōng kio̍k-chêng, ōe-bīn mā khah iù-lō͘.\n\nHiān-chú-sî sò͘-ūi lio̍k-iáⁿ ê ki-su̍t chìn-pō͘, m̄-bián choan-gia̍p ê lâng tio̍h ū hoat-tō͘ phah-phìⁿ. Chhī-tiûⁿ kèng-cheng, tōa-pō͘-hūn ê oai-ko-phìⁿ sī sió-sêng-pún phah-·chhut·lâi ê, bô-hoat-tō͘ kò͘-tio̍h kio̍k-chêng, ōe-bīn mā khah chho͘-siap.\n\nTiān-chú sî-tāi tiān-ló kap bāng-lō͘ piàn-chò oai-ko-phìⁿ thoân-pò͘ ê só͘-chai. Koh ū chiâⁿ-chōe lâng ēng webcam teh phah hiān-tiûⁿ ê hōng khoàⁿ.\n\nOai-ko-phìⁿ ê lūi-pia̍t\n-----------------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nChhut-miâ ê oai-ko-phîⁿ\n-----------------------\n\n* Khì-kàu sian-kài ê Alice (Alice in Wonderland)\n* Chhim nâ-âu (Deep Throat)\n* Misty Beethoven ê khui-khiàu (The Opening of Misty Beethoven)","meta":{"title":"Oai-ko-phìⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[121,2518,0.04805401111993646],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3036}} -{"text":"**Tōng-le̍k-ha̍k** (動力學; Eng: *dynamics*) sī kó͘-tián le̍k-ha̍k ê chi̍t mn̂g hun-iá; chú-iàu sī teh gián-kiù ūn-tōng ê piàn-hòa kap chō-sêng chia-ê piàn-hòa ê kok-chióng in-sò͘. Oāⁿ-kù-ōe-kóng, tōng-le̍k-ha̍k gián-kiù le̍k tùi bu̍t-thé ūn-tōng só͘ chō-sêng ê éng-hióng. Ūn-tōng-ha̍k chí-sī tan-sûn biâu-su̍t bu̍t-thé ê ūn-tōng, oân-choân bô khó-lū tio̍h tì-sú ūn-tōng ê in-sò͘. Koh-khah chim-chiok lâi kóng, tōng-le̍k-ha̍k gián-kiù in-ūi le̍k ê chok-iōng, bu̍t-lí hē-thóng ē án-choáⁿ kái-piàn.\n\nTōng-le̍k-ha̍k ê ki-chho͘ hoat-chek sī Isaac Newton thê-chhut ê Newton ūn-tōng hoat-chek. Tī kó͘-tián tiān-chû-ha̍k lāi, bu̍t-lí hē-thóng ê tōng-le̍k chōng-hóng khan-liân tio̍h kó͘-tián le̍k-ha̍k kap tiān-chû-ha̍k, tû-liáu Newton ūn-tōng hoat-chek, iáu-koh su-iàu Maxwell ê hong-têng-sek kap Lorentz le̍k hong-têng-sek ê biâu-su̍t.\n\nTōng-le̍k-ha̍k sī ki-hāi kang-ha̍k kap hâng-khong kang-ha̍k ê ki-chhó͘ khò-têng.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85040316\n* BNF: cb11942176p (data)\n* NDL: 00561691\n* NKC: ph119661\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tōng-le̍k-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[79,1017,0.0776794493608653],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1232}} -{"text":"\n**Himiko** (Ji̍t-pún-gí: 卑弥呼) sī Ji̍t-pún kó͘-tāi kok-ka Yamatai ê lú-ông.\n\nÙi Edo sî-tāi khai-sí, tō ū chin-chē koan-hē Himiko tàu-té sī *Ji̍t-pún Su-kì* kap *Kó͘-sū-kì* lāi-té siáⁿ-mih-lâng ê thó-lūn kap gián-kiú. Bô-lūn tàu-té tó-chi̍t-chióng kóng-hoat sū-si̍t, ē-tàng khak-tēng ê sī, chē lóng-ē tōa-tōa kái-siá hiān-kim só͘ chai-iáⁿ ê Ji̍t-pún kó͘-tāi-sú.\n\nká-soat\n-------\n\n### Amaterasu soat\n\nKin-kì Thian-bûn-ha̍k ê kè-sǹg, tāi-iok tī Himiko kòe-sin chêng-āu, tī 247 nî 3 goe̍h 24 ji̍t kap 248 nî 9 goe̍h 5 ji̍t, Pak Kyûsyû tē-khu thang khòaⁿ-tio̍h 2 pái Sit-ji̍t. Án-ne ê kóng-hoat kap Ji̍t-pún sîn-ōe tiong Amaterasu bih ji̍p-khì Amano-Iwato [en] tiong, sè-kài in-chhú bô-kng ê kì-chài (Amano-Iwato) saⁿ hû-ha̍p. Lēng-gōa iōng Thóng-kè-ha̍k ê hong-sek, lī-iōng Thian-hông ê pêng-kin chāi-ūi kî-kan thui-sǹg, iā ē-tàng tit-tio̍h Himiko ê sî-tāi kap Amaterasu ê sî-tāi tiông-hok ê kè-sǹg kiat-kó.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 20520003\n* LCCN: n82070630\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 1581 6775\n* GND: 120747529\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Himiko","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[229,1110,0.2063063063063063],"infobox":["
    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    Himiko
    Yamatai ê lú-ông
    Chāi-ūi\n189 nî –248 nî
    Kè-jīm\nIyo
    Chhut-sì\nc. 170 nî
    Yamatai
    Kòe-sin\n248 nî
    Nara-chhī hū-kīn ê tī-bōng kó͘-bōng
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1229}} -{"text":"Tâi-oân Hái-kiap\n**Tē-saⁿ-chhù Tâi-oân Hái-kiap Gûi-ki** (第三次台灣海峽危機; *Third Taiwan Strait Crisis*), mā hō-chò **Tâi-oân Hái-kiap Hui-tôaⁿ Gûi-ki** (台灣海峽飛彈危機) kap **1996 nî Tâi-hái Gûi-ki** (1996年台海危機), sī tī 1995 nî chì 1996 nî nî-kan, Tiong-kok ūi-tio̍h beh chó͘-gāi kap éng-hióng Tâi-oân ê chóng-thóng tāi-soán, chìn-hêng kun-sū ián-si̍p, chō-sêng tio̍h Tâi-oân Hái-kiap lióng-hōaⁿ siang-hong ê chhiong-tu̍t gûi-ki. Tiong-kok Jîn-bîn Kái-hòng-kun ê Tē-jī Phàu-peng hām Lâm-kiaⁿ Kun-khu hun-pia̍t hiòng Tâi-oân gōa-hái hoat-siā hui-tôaⁿ kap kí-hêng lióng-chhe teng-lio̍k chok-chiàn ián-si̍p, Bí-kok kín-kip tiàu-tōng nn̄g ê hâng-khong-bú-lām chiàn-tò͘-kûn, chhut-tōng lâi hia̍p-chō͘ Tâi-oân hông-ōe. Chit tiûⁿ kun-sū gûi-ki pēng-bô éng-hióng tio̍h Tâi-oân tāi-soán ê kí-hêng, lo̍h-bóe iû Lí Teng-hui tòng-soán tē-it jīm bîn-soán chóng-thóng.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* 1996 nî Tâi-oân chóng-thóng sóan-kí","meta":{"title":"Tē-saⁿ-chhù Tâi-oân Hái-kiap Gûi-ki","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[35,887,0.03945885005636979],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1028}} -{"text":"**Tē-saⁿ Kiōng-hô-kok** (第三共和國) sī 1963 nî chì 1972 nî chi-kan thóng-tī Tāi-hân Bîn-kok ê chèng-hú. Phok Chèng-hi tī 1961 nî 5 goe̍h 16 hō hoat-tōng Ngó͘-it-lio̍k kun-sū chèng-piàn thui-hoan Tē-2 Kiōng-hô-kok chèng-hú, kiàn-li̍p kun-sū chip-chèng-thoân Kok-ka Chài-kiàn Chòe-ko Hōe-gī liáu-āu, hôe-kui bûn-koaⁿ thóng-tī ê kè-sêng chèng-koân, tān-sī si̍t-chè-siōng sī Phok Chèng-hi ê to̍k-chhâi thóng-tī. Phok Chèng-hi tī 1972 nî chài-chhù hoat-tōng kun-sū chèng-piàn kái-sàn kok-hōe, si̍t-hêng *Î-sin Hiàn-hoat*, kiàn-li̍p Tē-sì Kiōng-hô-kok, chóng-thóng iû soán-kí-thoân sán-seng, hùi-tû chóng-thóng ê liân-jīm hān-chè, hō͘ i ka-kī chiâⁿ-chò chiong-sin chóng-thóng, ka-kiông to̍k-chhâi thóng-tī, ti̍t-kàu 1979 nî pī àm-sat ûi-chí.\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTāi-hân Bîn-kok ê le̍k-sú |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Tāi-hân Bîn-kok Lîm-sî Chèng-hú - Bí Kun-chèng-thaiⁿ - Tē-1 Kiōng-hô-kok - Tē-2 Kiōng-hô-kok (Kok-ka Chài-kiàn Chòe-ko Hōe-gī) - Tē-3 Kiōng-hô-kok - Tē-4 Kiōng-hô-kok - Tē-5 Kiōng-hô-kok - Tē-6 Kiōng-hô-kok | |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tē-saⁿ Kiōng-hô-kok (Tāi-hân Bîn-kok)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[240,977,0.24564994882292732],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1201}} -{"text":"**Tēng-gī** sī tùi chi̍t hāng piáu-tat ê ké-soeh kiam sán-seng che ké-soeh ê khang-khòe. Siū tio̍h tēng-gī ê tùi-siòng kiò chò pī-tēng-gī-hāng (eng. *definiendum*), nā thê-kiong tēng-gī ê tîn-su̍t thang kiò tēng-gī-kù (*definiens*). Pí-lūn tī thâu-chêng ê tîn-su̍t lāi-té, \"tēng-gī\" chi̍t-ê jī-sû chiū sī pī-tēng-gī-hāng, nā āu-piah ê ké-soeh bûn-kù \"sī tùi chi̍t hāng piáu-tat ê ké-soeh...\", chiū sī tēng-gī-kù.\n\nHêng-sek\n--------\n\n### Si̍t-chāi kap miâ-gī tēng-gī\n\nTùi John Locke si̍t-chāi pún-chit (*real essence*) kap miâ-gī pún-chit (*nominal essence*) koan-liām lâi hoat-tián, thang kā tēng-gī khu-hun chhut si̍t-chāi kap miâ-gī nn̄g khoán. Bó͘ chi̍t iōng-gí ê si̍t-chāi tēng-gī sī su-iàu tiâu-cha mi̍h-kiāⁿ pún-sin lâi liáu-kái--ê; nā miâ-gī tēng-gī sī su-iàu óa-khò tiāu-cha hit jī ê ì-sù kap sú-iōng lâi liáu-kái.\n\n### Jī-tián tēng-gī\n\nChi̍t hāng jī-tián-sek ê tēng-gī, sī siat-kè beh thê-kiong chhiong-chiok ê chu-sìn piáu-tat, lâi chè-chō tùi iōng-gí ê chi̍t chióng lí-kái. Chóng-sī pí-lūn nā tiat-ha̍k-kài tùi ēng-gí tēng-gī ê thó-lūn, it-poaⁿ m̄-sī jī-tián thang thê-kiong--ê.\n\n### Iok-sok-sek tēng-gī\n\nIok-sok-sek (*stipulative*) tēng-gī sī chiam-tùi siū tēng-gī ê iōng-gí siat-tēng ì-sù, jî-chhiá m̄-bián chham-khó iōng-gí chá-chêng ê sú-iōng lí-lō͘. Pí-lūn nā kóng \"*Jack the Ripper* sī bô͘-sat X, YX, Y kap ZZ ê lâng\" chit khoán tîn-su̍t, pī-tēng-gī ê *Jack the Ripper* sī kò͘-tēng tùi-siòng ê lâng-miâ, m̄-koh āu-piah ê ké-soeh m̄-sī kò͘-tēng--ê, i bô hoat-tō͘ chin-chiàⁿ kap *Jack the Ripper* hō͘-siōng thè-ōaⁿ, só͘-í koh ài ka-thiam iok-sok ê tîn-su̍t \", nā sī hia bô͘-sat-àn sī choan-bûn chi̍t-ê lâng chhòng--ê\" chìn chi̍t-pō͘ hān-tēng tùi-siòng.\n\n### Kì-su̍t-sek tēng-gī\n\nKì-su̍t-sek (*descriptive*) tēng-gī, tû-liáu kóng-bêng ì-sù, mā beh móa-chiok kì-tēng ê sú-iōng. Pún khoán ê tēng-gī chiàu in móa-chiok ê thêng-tō͘ koh thang khu-hun chò saⁿ téng: gōa-chāi-sèng (*extensional*), lōe-chāi-sèng (*intensional*), kap kám-siū-sèng (*sense*).\n\n### Ké-soeh-sek tēng-gī\n\nKé-soeh-sek (*explicative*) tēng-gī sī te̍k-pia̍t chun-siú bó͘ chi̍t iōng-gí chòe tiong-sim pō͘-hūn ê sú-iōng hong-sek, koh tùi gōa-gûi pō͘-hūn ēng iok-sok ê hêng-sek chhù-lí. Ké-soeh tēng-gī thang hông ēng tī chi̍t kóa put-oân-boán ê khài-liām.\n\nTēng-gī kap bûn-me̍h\n--------------------\n\nTēng-gī ê tîn-su̍t su-iàu chiap-siū-chiá tùi tēng-gī-kù sū-sian ê liáu-kái, chiah thang thê-chhut thang tùi-tâng pī-tēng-gī-hāng ê tēng-gī-kù. Ū-ê tēng-gī khah pit-iàu óa-khò bûn-me̍h, ia̍h chiū sī pōe-kéng chu-sìn lâi chi-chhî, pí-lūn kóng \"a-pah sī pē-bú lāi-bīn cha-po͘ hit--ê\" chi̍t khoán tîn-su̍t. Koh-lâi ū chi̍t chióng tēng-gī, tēng-gī-kù lāi-bīn koh ēng tio̍h pī-tēng-gī-hāng, pí-lūn kóng \"x sī y ê ti̍t-chiap chó͘-sian, nā kan-ta tng (*if and only if*) x sī y ê pē-bú he̍k-chiá x sī y ê ti̍t-chiap chó͘-sian\" chi̍t khoán tîn-su̍t, tī tēng-gī-kù koh ēng tio̍h chi̍t pái pī-tēng-gī-hāng, chi̍t khoán chêng-hêng hō chò chài-kui (*recursive*).\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. 1 2 G. Longworth (2009). \"Definitions: Uses and Varieties of\". *Concise Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Language and Linguistic*. Elsevier Science. ISBN 9780080965017.\n2. 1 2 3 4 5 Anil Gupta. \"Definitions\". *Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy*. The Metaphysics Research Lab. ISSN 1095-5054. 2017-05-07 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Tēng-gī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[270,3168,0.08522727272727272],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3744}} -{"text":"**Tē-sì-chhù Bắc thuộc** (Oa̍t-lâm-gí: Bắc thuộc lần 4) sī Oa̍t-lâm le̍k-sú siōng tùi 1407 nî kàu 1427 nî chi-kan iû Tiong-kok thóng-tī ê sî-kî.\n\n, là giai đoạn lịch sử mà Việt Nam (Annan) được cai trị bởi ba vị hoàng đế nhà Minh là Yongle, Hongxi và Xuande, tổng cộng là 20 năm, và là một phần của thời kỳ miền Bắc Việt Nam. Trong thời kỳ này, nhà Minh đã quét sạch nhà Hồ ở Việt Nam và đổi tên Việt Nam là \"Giao Chỉ\" (còn gọi là \"Giao Chỉ\" và \"Giao Chỉ\", biên giới lúc bấy giờ tương đương với miền trung và miền bắc ngày nay), và quét sạch đất nước có ý định khôi phục lại sự cai trị của nhà Trần.. Tuy nhiên, sự cai trị của nhà Minh đã khơi dậy sự chán ghét và nổi loạn của người dân Việt Nam, đặc biệt là Li Li, một gia đình quý tộc ở Blue Mountains, là người có ảnh hưởng lớn nhất. Các nhà sử học đời sau như Guo Zhenduo và Zhang Xiaomei ở Trung Quốc đã chỉ ra rằng việc nhà Minh chiếm đóng Việt Nam là \"bất công\", nhưng trong thời kỳ này, sự giao lưu giữa Trung Quốc và Việt Nam về văn hóa, kinh tế, khoa học kỹ thuật có một tác động to lớn đến sự phát triển của xã hội Việt Nam.đến hiệu quả nhất định.","meta":{"title":"Tē-sì-chhù Bắc thuộc","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,945,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1189}} -{"text":"**Tē-saⁿ-chhù sán-gia̍p** (第三次產業) sī bô seng-sán bu̍t-chit sán-phín ê sán-gia̍p, chú-iàu sī thàu-kòe thê-kiong seng-sán-le̍k lâi ti̍t-tio̍h pò-siû ê hâng-gia̍p, it-poaⁿ sī ho̍k-bū sèng-chit ê khang-khòe, só͘-í sio̍k-chheng chò **ho̍k-bū-gia̍p** (服務業). Kui-sio̍k chāi ho̍k-bū-gia̍p lāi ê hâng-gia̍p chú-iàu ū bō͘-e̍k, pn̄g-tiàm chhan-ím, tāi-chiòng kheh-ūn, chhng-thú bu̍t-liû, hōe-gī tián-lám, kim-iông pó-hiám, pâng-tē-sán tiong-lâng, siong-bū kò͘-būn, kong-kiōng ho̍k-bū, bîn-hông, kò-jîn-hoà ho̍k-bū, siā-khu ho̍k-bū, siā-hōe kang-chok kap tiān-sìn thong-sìn sán-gia̍p téng-téng. Kî-tiong, tiān-sìn thong-sìn sán-gia̍p in-ūi hoat-tián liáu chin toā-hêng, só͘-í mā ū-tang-sî to̍k-li̍p chò tē-sì-chhù sán-gia̍p; ah bûn-hoà sán-gia̍p in-ūi in ko-chân-chhù ê bûn-hoà ì-gī pī kui-lūi chò tē-gō͘-chhù sán-gia̍p.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Sán-gia̍p\n* Tē-it-chhù sán-gia̍p\n* Tē-jī-chhù sán-gia̍p\n* Tē-sì-chhù sán-gia̍p\n* Tē-gō͘-chhù sán-gia̍p","meta":{"title":"Tē-saⁿ-chhù sán-gia̍p","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[108,964,0.11203319502074689],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1102}} -{"text":"\n**Tē-tāng** (Hàn-jī: 地動), kán-tan kóng, sī chi̍t-chióng hoat-seng tī tē-kiû gōa-khak ê chín-tōng. \n\nÚ-tiū khong-kan lāi ê bān-mi̍h lóng sī put-tōan teh ūn-tōng, tē-kiû mā bô lia̍h-gōa. Ūn-tōng ē sán-seng lêng-liōng, tng-tong tē-kiû lōe-pō· ê lêng-liōng lia̍p-chek kah chhiau-kòe it-tēng ê thêng-tō·, tē-khah chih-chàn bōe tiâu, tì-kàu tē-té ê giâm-chân chhut-hiān li̍h-hûn kah liap-kéng (折皱), liáu-āu tē-té ê lêng-liōng to̍h chôaⁿ kui-ê lóng-chóng pàng--chhut-lâi, pēng-chhiáⁿ hêng-sêng tē-tāng-pho hiòng sì-ûi thòaⁿ--chhut-khì, chō-chiâⁿ tē-tāng ê hiān-siōng. It-poaⁿ lâi-kóng, hōan-nā kiông-lia̍t ê tē-tāng kòe-āu, óng-óng ē-koh sio-liân-sòa chhut-hiān 1-kóa-á siò-tē-tāng, he̍k-chiá kóng û-chín.\n\nTē-tāng-pho\n-----------\n\nTē-tāng-pho sī chi̍t-chióng tân-sèng-pho, pun-chòe hôaiⁿ-pho kah ti̍t-pho 2-chióng. Hôaiⁿ-pho thôan-pò· ê sok-tō· sī 3~4 km/biáu, ti̍t-pho thôan-pò· ê sok-tō· sī 5~6km/biáu. Hôaiⁿ-pho tì-sú thô·-kha hi̍t kah iô, ti̍t-pho tì-sú thô·-kha chhe̍k kah tiō. Tē-tāng hoat-seng ê sî, ti̍t-pho seng kàu, hôaiⁿ-pho òaⁿ kàu, ti̍t-pho sûi lâi sûi khì, hôaiⁿ-pho ná lâi ná béng. Hôaiⁿ-pho sī chō-chiâⁿ tē-bīn kiàn-tiok-bu̍t sún-hāi ê chú-iàu in-sò·.\n\nTē-tāng ê tōa-sè\n----------------\n\nPiàu-sī tē-tāng tōa-sè ê phiau-chún, ū chín-kip kah lia̍t-tō· 2-ê chí-phiau.\n\nTē-tāng ê lūi-hêng\n------------------\n\nHun-chò jîn-ûi kah thian-jiân 2 chióng.\n\nTē-tāng ê gûi-hāi\n-----------------\n\nTē-tāng sī tē-kiû téng chú-iàu ê chū-jiân chai-hāi. Tē-kiû téng chha-put-to múi-kang lóng-ū tē-tāng teh hoat-seng, kî-tiong tōa-to-sò· sī sió tē-tāng, pēng-chhiáⁿ hoat-seng tī phian-óan ê soaⁿ-khu. Kiông-lia̍t ê tē-tāng it-tàn hoat-seng tī jîn-lūi seng-oa̍h-khu, óng-óng ē chō-sêng tōa kui-tô· ê siong-bông kah sún-sit. \n\nLio̍k-tē siōng ê tōa tē-tāng tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ tì-kàu chhù lap, chhiū-á tó; pang soaⁿ li̍h tē; jîn thiok siong-bông.\n\nTōa-hái ê tōa tē-tāng óng-óng koh ē ín-khí hái-tiòng, chō-sêng koh-khah tōa ê chai-lān.\n\nJû-hô tī tē-tāng ê sî pó-hō· lán ka-kī\n--------------------------------------\n\nHoat-seng chit-khóan thian-chai ê sî-chūn, tāi-seng sī ài léng-chēng, chhian-bān m̄-thang chheⁿ-kông. Nā-chún bêng-hián kám-kak tio̍h tē-tāng ê sî, to̍h ài kóaⁿ-kín lâi tô-seng, ē-kì m̄-hó·ⁿ sì-kè chông, bih ê sî-chūn m̄-hó·ⁿ cháu siuⁿ-hn̄g, ài chù-ì pó-hō· thâu-khak.\n\nTē-tāng hoat-seng ê sî, chīn-liōng ài kóaⁿ-kín lī-khui chhù-keng, cháu-khì khah khoah-khǹg, khah thang-lāng ê só·-chai siám-phiah. Chún kóng chiām-sî bô-hoat-tō· lī-khui chhù-keng--ê, ē-tàng bih tiàm hiah-ê kiat-kò· khah ân (Hôa-gí: 牢固), khah ū tòng-thâu ê ka-khū ē-bīn, a̍h-sī chi̍t-kóa-á khah eh, khah siok-kiat ê pâng-keng-á lāi, án-ne to̍h ē-tàng kiám-chió tio̍h-siong ê ki-hōe. Put-jî-kò, tng-tong tē-tāng ū khah hê--lo̍h-lâi ê sî, to̍h-ài kóaⁿ-kín lâi lī-khui tòa--ê só·-chāi.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTē-tāng |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Iàu-sò͘ | \n* Chìn-goân\n* Chìn-goân chhim-tō͘\n* Chìn-iong\n* 震中距\n* Chìn-tō͘\n* 地震矩\n\n |\n| |\n| Tē-chìn-pho | \n* P波\n* S波\n* 面波\n\n |\n| |\n| Cheng-chhek | Pang-bô͘:地震度量\n* 地震儀\n\t+ 海底地震儀\n* 強震儀\n* 地震信號處理\n* 震動圖\n* 等震線\n |\n| |\n| Lūi-pia̍t | \n* 地震序列\n* 前震\n* 群震\n* 大型逆衝區地震\n* 慢地震\n* 地震帶\n\t+ 阿尔卑斯带\n\t+ 环太平洋火山带\n* 连发式地震带\n\n |\n| |\n| Gián-kiù | \n* 地震學\n* 彈性回跳理論\n* 震源機制解\n* 古登堡－里克特定律\n* 斷層\n* 盲斷層\n\n |\n| |\n| Chai-hāi | \n* 土壤液化\n* 海嘯\n* 山崩\n* 堰塞湖\n\n |\n| |\n| Tùi-chhek | \n* 地震預測\n* 地震預警系統\n\t+ 強震即時警報\n\t+ 緊急地震速報\n* 地震工程\n* 生命三角（有爭議）\n\n |\n| |\n| Tē-tāng lia̍t-toaⁿ | \n* Tâ-oân\n* Tiong-kok\n* Ji̍t-pún\n* Bí-kok\n\n |\n| |\n| Tē-tāng le̍k-sú | \n* 20 sè-kí tē-tāng lia̍t-toaⁿ\n* 21 sè-kí tē-tāng lia̍t-toaⁿ\n* 2013 nî tē-tāng\n* 2014 nî tē-tāng\n* 2015 nî tē-tāng\n\n |\n| |\n| Siong-koan | \n* 場址效應\n* 地震光\n* 地震雲\n* 地聲\n* 天體震動\n* 月震\n* 日震\n* 霜震\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tē-tāng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[736,3425,0.2148905109489051],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4537}} -{"text":"**Tēng-hiòng-hêng-tōng（Eng-gí: Orientation and Mobility, sok-siá：O&M）**sī chı̍t-mn̂g choan-gia̍p, koan-hē án-chóaⁿ pang-chān sī-kak-chiòng-gāi-chiá lâi pôe-ióng, tiông-kiàn in kiâⁿ-sóa ê lêng-le̍k. Tēng-hiòng-hêng-tōng ōe-tàng hùn-liān sī-kak-chiòng-gāi-chiá lī-iōng kám-koan-ti-kak, hō͘ in siu-chi̍p, phòaⁿ-toàn, soán-te̍k in sì-kho͘-ûi ê chu-sìn, tō thang chai-iáⁿ chū-sìn ê ūi-tì, tō thang kè-e̍k beh án-chóaⁿ ūn-iōng ha̍h-su ê ke-si kap chhek-lio̍k, ē-tàng an-choân koh ū hāu-lut lâi kiâⁿ-sóa khì kàu bo̍k-tek-tē.\n\nTēng-hiòng-hêng-tōng sam-put-sî chiū hō͘ lâng siūⁿ-tio̍h \"kà sī-chiòng-chiá sú-iōng pe̍h chhiú-koái-á\". Si̍t-chè-siōng, tēng-hiòng-hêng-tōng kà án-chóaⁿ iōng pe̍h chhiú-koái-á kan-ta sī kî-tiong ê chi̍t-hāng, kî-tha koh pau-koa **kám-koan-ti-kak hùn-liān**, kiàn-li̍p tùi khoân-kéng ê **sim-lí-tē-tô͘**, **jîn-tō-hoat**, **khang-chhiú pó-hō͘-hoat**, **chhiú-koái-á ki-khá**, **lō͘-kháu/hāng-á-kháu tēng-ūi kap an-choân chhǹg--kè**, **sêng-tah tāi-chiòng kau-thong ūn-su kang-kū**, **chhōe-kiû hia̍p-chō͘**, í-kip **án-chóaⁿ kap lâng hō͘-tōng ê ki-khá**...téng-téng.\n\nTēng-hiòng-hêng-tōng tùi sī-kak-chiòng-gāi-chiá ê tiōng-iàu-sèng\n----------------------------------------------------------------\n\nBô-lūn sī sian-thian iah-sī hō͘-thian ê sī-kak-chiòng-gāi-chiá, án-chóaⁿ an-choân iú-hāu--ê î-tōng sī siú-sian ài khek-ho̍k ê lân-tê. Sī-chiòng-chiá ha̍k-sip tēng-hiòng-hêng-tōng kài-liām kap ki-lêng, tī ē-kha kok hong-bīn lóng ū pang-chān：\n\n* Sim-lí an-choân-kám kap thê-seng chū-sìn\n* Sin-thé kong-lêng hām kiān-khong ê î-chhî kap chhiok-chìn\n* Ko͘-thong hām siā-kau ki-khá ê î-chhî kap chhiok-chìn\n* Keng-chè lêng-le̍k ê chhú-tek iah-sī hoe-ho̍k\n* Sī-chiòng-chiá thê-seng to̍k-li̍p chū-chú ê lêng-le̍k, kiám-chió i-lāi, kâng-sî kiám-khin chhù-lāi-lâng ê hū-tam kap siā-hōe-sêng-pún ê chi-chhut\n* Sī-chiòng-chiá thê-seng to̍k-li̍p chū-chú ê lêng-le̍k, cheng-ka chú-tōng-sèng, chek-ke̍k chham-ú siā-hōe, lí-hêng kong-bîn gī-bū\n\nKong-lêng-sèng sī-kak phêng-kó͘\n-------------------------------\n\nChit-ê phêng-kó͘ sī iû choan-gia̍p tēng-hiòng-hêng-tōng hùn-liān-jîn-oân lâi si-hêng chhek-giām, bo̍k-tek sī beh liáu-kái sī-chiòng-chiá án-chóaⁿ ūn-iōng hiān-chú-sî ū ê sī-kak lêng-le̍k tī in ê ji̍t-siông seng-oa̍h tiong, kap i-liâu-jîn-oân ê sī-le̍k kiám-cha kap sī-kak-hùn-liān bô sio-kāng. Kong-lêng sèng sī-kak phêng-kó͘ kiông-tiāu ê sī ji̍t-siông seng-oa̍h tiong sī-kak ūn-iōng ê kong-lêng-sèng. Tēng-hiòng-hêng-tōng hùn-liān-su kin-kì phêng-kó͘ kiat-kó kap sī-chiòng-chiá chòe-hé thó-lūn, tèng-tēng sek-chhiat ê kàu-ha̍k kè-ōe kap si̍t-si kò-pia̍t-hòa kàu-ha̍k.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ \"Orientation and Mobility Instructors: Resources from the American Foundation for the Blind\".\n2. ↑ Rev. Tomas J. Carroll. *Ying jie shi mang mang shi jie : mang de yi yi. ying xiang ji mian dui* (Chu ban pán.). Ya ge. ISBN 957-8763-57-3.\n3. ↑ Tiuⁿ Chhian-hūi. \"Kong-lêng-sèng sī-kak phêng-kó͘\".","meta":{"title":"Tēng-hiòng-hêng-tōng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[744,2818,0.2640170333569908],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3334}} -{"text":"**Tē-sì Kiōng-hô-kok** (第四共和國) sī 1972 nî chì 1980 nî chi-kan thóng-tī Tāi-hân Bîn-kok ê chèng-hú. Sî-jīm Hân-kok chóng-thóng ê Phok Chèng-hi tī 1971 nî tē-3 pái tòng-soán chóng-thóng liáu-āu, tī 1972 nî chài-chhù hoat-tōng kun-sū chèng-piàn kái-sàn kok-hōe, si̍t-hêng *Î-sin Hiàn-hoat*, kiàn-li̍p Tē-4 Kiōng-hô-kok, chóng-thóng kap saⁿ hun-chi it ê kok-hōe gī-oân iû Thóng-it Chú-thé Kok-bîn Hōe-gī (統一主體國民會議) soán-kí-thoân sán-seng, kāng-sî hùi-tû chóng-thóng liân-jīm ê hān-chè. Phok Chèng-hi thàu-kòe *Î-sin Hiàn-hoat*, hō͘ kak-kī chiâⁿ-chò chiong-sin chóng-thóng, choân-bīn si̍t-si kap ka-kiông to̍k-chhâi thóng-tī.\n\n1979 nî 10 goe̍h 26 hō, Phok Chèng-hi pī àm-sat sin-bông, kiat-sok i 18 tang ê to̍k-chhâi thóng-tī, sî-jīm chóng-lí Chhui Kui-hā kè-jīm chóng-thóng, bô-gōa-kú lio̍k-kun siáu-chiòng Choân Tó͘-hoàn tī 12 goe̍h 12 hō hoat-tōng 12·12 kun-sū poān-loān, chiáng-ak kok-ka ê kun-chèng tāi-koân, lo̍h-bóe hoeh-chho tìn-ap Kong-chiu sū-kiāⁿ, chóng-thóng Chhui Kui-hā pī pek lo̍h-tâi, Hân-kok chìn-ji̍p Tē-5 Kiōng-hô-kok sî-kî, Choân Tó͘-hoàn tián-khui kīn-oá 8 tang ê to̍k-chhâi thóng-tī.\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTāi-hân Bîn-kok ê le̍k-sú |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Tāi-hân Bîn-kok Lîm-sî Chèng-hú - Bí Kun-chèng-thaiⁿ - Tē-1 Kiōng-hô-kok - Tē-2 Kiōng-hô-kok (Kok-ka Chài-kiàn Chòe-ko Hōe-gī) - Tē-3 Kiōng-hô-kok - Tē-4 Kiōng-hô-kok - Tē-5 Kiōng-hô-kok - Tē-6 Kiōng-hô-kok | |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tē-sì Kiōng-hô-kok (Tāi-hân Bîn-kok)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[240,1337,0.17950635751682872],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1619}} -{"text":"**Sù-hong hâng-lia̍t** (Hàn-jī: 四方行列), mā kiò-chò **hong-tīn** (Hàn-jī: 方陣), sī chōa kap khiā ê sò͘-liōng pêⁿ-pêⁿ ê hâng-lia̍t. Chi̍t ê ***n* kai sù-hong hâng-lia̍t** (Hàn-jī: *n*階四方行列), ū *n* chōa kap *n* khiā, tiō sī {\\displaystyle n\\times n} hâng-lia̍t. Chi̍t ê sù-hong hâng-lia̍t, piáu-ta̍t khah bêng-hián ·leh, tiō sī\n\n{\\displaystyle A\\_{n\\times n}={\\begin{bmatrix}a\\_{11}&a\\_{12}&\\cdots &a\\_{1n}\\\\a\\_{21}&a\\_{22}&\\cdots &a\\_{2n}\\\\\\vdots &\\vdots &\\ddots &\\vdots \\\\a\\_{n1}&a\\_{n2}&\\cdots &a\\_{nn}\\end{bmatrix}}}\n\nTe̍k-sû chióng-lūi\n------------------\n\n### Tùi-kak hâng-lia̍t kap saⁿ-kak hâng-lia̍t\n\nTùi-kak hâng-lia̍t tiō sī chú-tùi-kak-sòaⁿ lóng m̄ sī lêng, kî-thaⁿ lóng sī lêng ê sù-hong hâng-lia̍t. Chún-kóng chú-tùi-kak-sòaⁿ ê téng-thâu (ia̍h-sī ē-kha) lóng sī lêng, tiō hō-chò ē-saⁿ-kak hâng-lia̍t ((ia̍h téng-saⁿ-kak hâng-lia̍t)).\n\n### Tan-ūi hâng-lia̍t\n\nTan-ūi hâng-lia̍t tiō sī chú-tùi-kak-sòaⁿ lóng sī chi̍t, kî-thaⁿ lóng sī lêng ê sù-hong hâng-lia̍t.\n\n### Khó-ge̍k hâng-lia̍t\n\nKhó-ge̍k hâng-lia̍t tiō sī ū ge̍k hâng-lia̍t ê sù-hong hâng-lia̍t. Khó-ge̍k hâng-lia̍t it-tēng sī hui-te̍k-ī hâng-lia̍t. \n\n### Tùi-thīn hâng-lia̍ t\n\nTùi-thīn hâng-lia̍t tiō sī choán-tì kah i ka-kī sio-kâng ê sù-hong hâng-lia̍t, i.e. {\\displaystyle A^{\\mathrm {T} }=A}. Chhoa̍h tùi-thīn hâng-lia̍t tiō sī boán-chiok {\\displaystyle A^{\\mathrm {T} }=-A} ê sù-hong hâng-lia̍t.\nTùi ho̍k sù-hong hâng-lia̍t {\\displaystyle A} lâi kóng, kiōng-tam choán-tì kah i ka-kī sio-kâng ·ê, kiô-chò Hermite hâng-lia̍t, i.e. {\\displaystyle A^{\\*}=A}; nā-chún sī {\\displaystyle A^{\\*}=-A}, tiō kiò-chò chhoa̍h Hermite hâng-lia̍t.\n\n### Ti̍t-kau hâng-lia̍t\n\nTi̍t-kau hâng-lia̍t tiō sī choán-tì kah ge̍k sio-kâng ê sù-hong hâng-lia̍t, i.e. {\\displaystyle A^{\\mathrm {T} }=A^{-1}}. Tńg-se̍h hâng-lia̍t sī chi̍t chióng te̍k-sû ê ti̍t-kau hâng-lia̍t, in ê hâng-lia̍t-sek lóng sī chi̍t.\nTùi ho̍k sù-hong hâng-lia̍t {\\displaystyle A} lâi kóng, kiōng-tam choán-tì kah ge̍k sio-kâng ·ê, kiô-chò Unitary hâng-lia̍t, i.e. {\\displaystyle A^{\\*}=A^{-1}}.\n\n### Chiàⁿ-tēng hâng-lia̍t\n\n### Chèng-kui hâng-lia̍t\n\nSèng-chit\n---------\n\n### Jiah\n\n### Hâng-lia̍t-sek\n\n### Kò͘-iú-ta̍t kap kò͘-iú hiòng-liōng\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nSòaⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘ |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Liân-li̍p sòaⁿ-sèng hong-têng-sek | \n* Gauss siau-tû-hoat\n* Kramer kong-sek\n* Gauss–Seidel hong-hoat\n* Jacobi hong-hoat\n\n | Three dimensional Euclidean space |\n| |\n| Hiòng-liōng | \n* Sòaⁿ-sèng to̍k-li̍p\n* Sòaⁿ-sèng cho͘-ha̍p\n* Hiòng-liōng tâu-iáⁿ\n* Ki-té\n* Siang-tùi ki-té\n\n |\n| |\n| Hiòng-liōng khong-kan | \n* Siang-tùi khong-kan\n* Chú-khong-kan\n* Hu̍t khong-kan\n* Kò͘-iú khong-kan\n* Kong-gī kò͘-iú khong-kan\n* Sòaⁿ-sèng thí-khui\n* Hâng khong-kan\n* Lia̍t khong-kan\n* Chhù-goân\n\n |\n| |\n| Lāi-chek khong-kan | \n* Tiám-chek\n* Cauchy–Schwarz put-téng-sek\n* Ti̍t-kau\n* Chèng-kui ti̍t-kau\n* Chèng-kui ti̍t-kau ki-té\n* Gram–Schmidt hong-hoat\n* Ti̍t-kau pó͘ khong-kan\n\n |\n| |\n| Hâng-lia̍tSòaⁿ-sèng siá-siōng | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Ián-sǹg | \n* Sêng-hoat\n* Choán-tì\n* Kiōng-tam choán-tì\n* Ge̍k hâng-lia̍t\n* Sarrus hong-hoat\n* Ki-pún piàn-hêng\n* Tùi-kak-hòa\n* Hun-kái\n\t+ LU\n\t+ QR\n\t+ Cholesky\n\t+ Schur\n\t+ Te̍k-ì-ta̍t\n\t+ Kò͘-iú-ta̍t\n\n |\n| |\n| Siōng-sò͘ | \n* Hâng-lia̍t-sek\n* Jiah\n* Kai-sò͘\n* Kò͘-iú-ta̍t\n* Kò͘-iú hâng-lia̍t-sek\n* Chòe-sió to-hāng-sek\n* Put-piàn in-chú\n* sè-hâng-lia̍t-sek\n\n |\n| |\n| Lūi-pia̍t | \n* Sù-hong\n* Khó-ge̍k\n* Tan-ūi\n* Tùi-thīn\n* Hermite\n* Chèng-kui\n* Ti̍t-kau\n* Tńg-se̍h\n* Unitary\n* Be̍k-lêng\n* Chiàⁿ-tēng\n* Toaⁿ-bô͘\n* Tì-ōaⁿ\n* Block\n* Saⁿ-kak\n* Tùi-kak\n* Khó-tùi-kak-hòa\n* Sio-siâng\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Hâng-lia̍t-sek | \n* Laplace tián-khui\n* Î-in-chú hâng-lia̍t\n* Vandermonde hâng-lia̍t-sek\n* Chiong-kiat-sek\n* Cauchy-Binet kong-sek\n\n |\n| |\n| To-goân sòaⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘ | \n* Chhe-chek\n* Gōa-chek\n* Kronecker chek\n* Ti̍t-chek\n* Gōa tāi-sò͘\n* Tùi-thīn tāi-sò͘\n* Tiuⁿ-liōng tāi-sò͘\n\n |\n| |\n| Hâng-lia̍t-sek hâm-sò͘ | \n* Hâng-lia̍t ê chí-sò͘\n* Hâng-lia̍t ê tùi-sò͘\n* Hâng-lia̍t ê pêng-hong-kin\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | \n* Sûn-liōng\n* Cayley-Hamilton tēng-lí\n* Perron–Frobenius tēng-lí\n* Schur pó͘ hâng-lia̍t\n* Sylvester koàn-sèng tēng-lí\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Lūi-pia̍t\n* Tāi-kong\n* Sò͘-ha̍k Mn̂g-kháu-ia̍h\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Sù-hong hâng-lia̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1584,3689,0.42938465708864193],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4961}} -{"text":"MATLAB ê logo\n**MATLAB**, sī **MAT**rix **LAB**oratory ê sok-siá, sī chi̍t khoán iû Bí-kok The MathWorks kong-si chhut-phín ê siong-gia̍p sò͘-ha̍k nńg-thé.\n\nMATLAB sī chi̍t chióng the̍h-lâi chò ián-sǹg-hoat khai-hoat, chu-liāu sī-kak-hòa, chu-liāu hun-sek kap sò͘-ti̍t kè-sǹg ê ko-kai ki-su̍t kè-sǹg gí-giân kiam hō͘-tōng-sek khoân-kéng. Tû-liáu hâng-lia̍t ūn-sǹg, hōe-chè hâm-sek ia̍h chu-liāu tô͘-siōng téng tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sú-iōng ê kong-lêng í-gōa, MATLAB iā ē-tàng the̍h-lâi kiàn-li̍p sú-iōng-chiá kài-bīn kap ho͘-kiò kî-thaⁿ gí-giân, chhin-chhiūⁿ C, C++, Java, Python kap Fortran, lâi pian-siá thêng-sek.\n\nSui-jiân MATLAB chú-iàu thēh-lâi chò sò͘-ti̍t ūn-sǹg, m̄-koh i pún-sin chē-chē hù-ka\nê ke-si siuⁿ-á (*toolbox*) iā sek-ha̍p bô-kāng léng-he̍k ê èng-iōng, chhin-chhiūⁿ khòng-chè hē-thóng siat-kè kap hun-sek, tô͘-siōng chhú-lí, sìn-hō chhú-lí kap thong-sìn, kim-iông kiàn-bô͘ kap hun-sek téng-téng. Lēng-gōa koh ū chi̍t ê phòe-thò ê nńg-thé pau Simulink, thê-kion-h chi̍t ê sī-kak-hòa ê khai-hoat khoân-kéng, chia̍p tī hē-thóng bô͘-gí, tōng-thài hē-thóng khai-hoat téng hong-bīn sú-iōng.","meta":{"title":"MATLAB","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1082,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1243}} -{"text":"**Globalization**. **Top-left**: showing early migration patterns of humans across the globe as part of the history of globalization. **Top-right**: the Namban ship carrying Europeans to trade with Japan. **Middle-left**: the headquarters of the United Nations in international territory within Midtown Manhattan, New York City. **Middle-right**: a branch of the American superstore Walmart, the largest company in the world by revenue as of 2021, in Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada. **Bottom**: a map of undersea cable connections around the African continent to and from Europe, Asia, and across the Atlantic Ocean.\n**Choân-kiû-hòa** ki-pún-tek sī chí tiàm tī bô-kāng só͘-chāi, lī hn̄g-hn̄g ê lâng, hiān-chhú-sī beh hō͘-siong liân-hê piàn khah kán-tan--a. Chit-ê sû mā chí taⁿ lâng khah iông-īⁿ chò tn̂g-tô͘ lú-hêng--a. Thâu-chêng chiah-ê hiān-siōng ē sán-seng, tio̍h kám-siā chhin-chhiūⁿ chhiú-ki-á, bāng-lō͘, hui-hêng-ki kap jîn-chō oē-chhiⁿ ê hoat-bêng.\n\nPēng m̄-sī sûi-lâng lóng kah-ì choân-kiû-hòa, hoán-tùi ê lâng jīn-ûi choân-kiû-hòa ē kā ta̍k só͘-chāi lóng piàn-chò kāng 1 ê khoán-sek, koh ē kā chāi-tē ê jīn-tông phah-chhat-siau, in lia̍h-kóng tō sī choân-kiû-hòa ún-chún toā keng kong-si, chhin-chhiūⁿ Coca-Cola t.t. lâi tit-tio̍h koh-khah toā ê koân-le̍k, chiah ē chè-chō chē-chē pún-té bô ê chai-e̍h kap būn-tê.\n\nNā chi-chhî choân-kiû-hòa ê lâng, in thê-chhut: choân-kiû-hòa hō͘ jîn-lūi koh-khah thoân-kat chò-hoé, koh-khah sio-oá, koh choân-kiû-hòa ū khó-lêng ē-thang pang-chān khah sàn-chia̍h ê kok-ka tit-tio̍h keng-chè-siōng ê kái-siān. Lēng-goā bô-kâng kok-ka ê lâng ē khah ū ki-hoē liáu-kái pa̍t kok-ka ê bûn-hòa kap jîn-bîn, thàu-koè hō͘-siong jīn-bat lâi hoat-kiàn jîn-lūi tiong-kan ê chē-chē kiōng-tông-tiám, hoān-sè tùi sè-kài hô-pêng ū lī-e̍k iā bô-tek-khak.\n\nChéng-kô lâi kóng, chō-sêng choân-kiû-hòa ê kau-thong, thong-sìn, kap chu-sìn kho-ki ê chìn-pō͘, m̄-nā hō͘ lâng hām tē-he̍k tiong-kan ê chih-chiap cheng-ka, mā hō͘ ta̍k khu-he̍k ê chèng-tī, keng-chè kap bûn-hòa sio lo̍h-láu.","meta":{"title":"Choân-kiû-hòa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1891,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2208}} -{"text":"**Choân-kiû Chāi-tōe-hòa**（Eng-gí: Glocalisation / Glocalization）. Sī Choân-kiû-hòa（globalization）kap chāi-tōe-hòa（localization）nn̄g-jī ê kiat-ha̍p. Choân-kiû Chāi-tōe-hòa sī chí kò-jîn, thoân-thé, kong-si, cho͘-chit, tan-ūi kap siā-kûn tông-sî ióng-iú \"su-khó choân-kiû-hòa, hêng-tōng chāi-tōe-hòa\" ê ì-goān kap lêng-le̍k. Chit-ê sû hông sú-iōng lâi tián-sī jîn-lūi liân-kiat bô-kâng chhioh-tō͘ kap kui-bô͘ （ùi tōe-hng kàu choân-kiû）ê lêng-le̍k, koh pang-chān lâng cheng-ho̍k tiong chhioh-tō͘（meso-scale）, ū kài-hān ê \"sió a̍h-á\"（little-box）ê su-khó.\n\nIōng-hoat\n---------\n\n* Kò-jîn, ka-têng kap cho͘-chit pó-chhî pau-hâm pún-tōe kap tn̂g kū-lî hō͘-tōng ê jîn-chè kau-óng bāng-lō͘.\n* Kā te̍k-tēng ê só͘-chāi（sió-tìn, siâⁿ-chhī á-sī kok-ka）soan-pò͘ chòe sè-kài léng-he̍k, tī sè-kài hoān-ûi lāi ū chek-jīm kap khoân-lī. Chit-ê kòe-têng khai-sí tī 1950 nî ê Hoat-kok, siōng khí-seng hông chheng-chòe \"mondialisation\".\n\nChoân-kiû Chāi-tōe-hòa ê Phín-pâi Cheng-sîn\n-------------------------------------------\n\n\"Choân-kiû Chāi-tōe-hòa\"（glocalization）ê koan-liām sán-seng chhut--lâi, ì-sù sī chí \"Choân-kiû-sèng ê chāi-tōe-hòa\"（global localization）, kiông-tiāu choân-kiû-hòa pit-su ài kap chāi-tōe-hòa ū chin bā ê kiat-ha̍p.\n\nChoân-kiû Chāi-tōe-hòa ê Chú-iàu Lōe-iông\n-----------------------------------------\n\n### Liáu-kái Tong-tōe Bûn-hòa\n\n### Pī-bián Oân-choân Hûiⁿ-hiòng Î-si̍t\n\n### Pó-liû Hông Bóe--khì ê Khì-gia̍p ê He̍k-sim Kè-ta̍t\n\nChham-khó Chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Barry Wellman, \"Little Boxes, Glocalization, and Networked Individualism.\" Pp. 11-25 in Digital Cities II, edited by Makoto Tanabe, Peter van den Besselaar, and Toru Ishida. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2002.","meta":{"title":"Choân-kiû Chāi-tōe-hòa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[528,1547,0.34130575307045896],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1879}} -{"text":"\n**Rosalind Elsie Franklin** (1920 nî 7 go̍eh 25 ji̍t - 1958 nî 4 go̍eh 16 ji̍t) sī Eng-kok ê seng-bu̍t-bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka kap X kng-sòaⁿ cheng-thé-ha̍k-ka (*crystallographer*), chú-iàu ê gián-kiù sī DNA, pēⁿ-to̍k, mûi-thoàⁿ (*coal*) kap chio̍h-ba̍k (*graphite*) ê kò͘-chō. \n\nFranklin tùi DNA só͘ hip ê X kng-sòaⁿ hôe-chiat (*X-ray diffraction*) siòng-phìⁿ kap gián-kiù hun-sek, sī Francis Crick kap James D. Watson tī 1953 nî kái chhut DNA kò͘-chō ê koan-kiàn kap chèng-kù. Franklin mā-sī tobacco mosaic virus kap polio virus ê chá-kî gián-kiù-chiá. \n\nFranklin chhut-sì kap kòe-sin tī Eng-kok London.\n\nChhut-sin\n---------\n\nFranklin sī 1920 nî 7 goe̍h 25 ùi Lûn-tun ê Notting Hill chhut-sì--ê; sī Iû-thài ka-têng chhut-sin. I-ê lāu-pē Ellis Arthur Franklin sī gîn-hâng-ka; lāu-bú hō chò Muriel Frances Waley. Franklin só͘-sio̍k ê ka-hē sī 1763 nî tùi Silesia ê Breslau kòe Eng-lân--ê, in goân sèⁿ *Fraenkel*, āu-bé chiah kái chò Eng-gí-hòa ê *Franklin*.\n\n1932 nî 1 goe̍h, Franklind ji̍p Lûn-tun ê Sèng Pó-lô Lú-ha̍k-hāu (*St Paul’s Girls’ School*) tha̍k tiong-o̍h.\n\nTā-ha̍k-seng sî-kî\n------------------\n\n1938 nî, Franklin ji̍p Cambridge Tāi-ha̍k ê Newnham Ha̍k-īⁿ, chi̍t keng cha-bó͘ ha̍k-hāu. Hit-tang-chūn Cambridge í-keng siu cha-bó͘ ha̍k-seng, m̄-koh iáu-bōe chiàⁿ-káng chiong in tòng chò phó͘-thong ê tāi-ha̍k-seng. Newnham kap Girton ha̍k-īⁿ ê lú-ha̍k-seng sī hān-chè tī cha-po͘ ê 10 phah-sén í-hā ê pí-le. Tī ha̍k-īⁿ ê sî, Rosalind o̍h liáu pau-koat hòa-ha̍k, bu̍t-lí-ha̍k, sò͘-ha̍k kap khòng-bu̍t-ha̍k téng kho-bo̍k; i lēng-gōa ia̍h siōng chi̍t khoán kà kho-ha̍k Tek-gí ê hòa-ha̍k-khò.\n\nTī Newnham ê tē-jī tang, Franklin o̍h liáu tàn-pe̍h-chit ê chih-áu, hu̍t-sng ê sêng-hun kap sèng-chit téng tì-sek, kiam ha̍p-si̍p lī-ēng X siā-sòaⁿ sàn-loān (*scattering*) ê gián-kiù hong-hoat, chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ hiòng kiat-chiⁿ-ha̍k (i āu--lâi ê choan-gia̍p) hoat-tián. 1940 nî 10 goe̍h, Franklin khai-sí i tī Cambridge ê tē 3 tang kiam siāng bóe tang, tong-sî Tek-kok tng teh hiòng Eng-kok hoat-tōng khong-si̍p.\n\nPa-lí sî-kî\n-----------\n\n1947 nî 2 goe̍h, Franklin khì kàu Pa-lí, tī hia ê Kok-ka Hòa-ha̍k Ho̍k-bū Tiong-iong Si̍t-giām-sek (*Laboratoire central des services chimiques de l'État*) chò gián-kiù.\n\nKoan-liân bûn-chiuⁿ\n-------------------\n\n* Photo 51\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n### Su-chì\n\n* Maddox, Brenda (2002). *Rosalind Franklin*. HarperCollins Publisher. ISBN 9780062283504.\n\n### Chù-kha\n\n1. ↑ Watson JD, Crick FHC (1953). \"A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid\". *Nature* **171**: 737–738. Full text PDF\n2. ↑ **Double Helix: 50 Years of DNA.** Nature archives. Nature Publishing Group\n3. ↑ Maddox 2002, 1 — Once in Royal David’s City\n4. 1 2 Maddox 2002, 2 — Once a Paulina\n5. 1 2 Maddox 2002, 4 — Never Surrender\n6. ↑ Maddox 2002, 6 — Woman of the Left Bank\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 5856648\n* LCCN: n2001016339\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 6679 9514\n* GND: 12408544X\n* SELIBR: 313786\n* SUDOC: 083368078\n* BNF: cb14486659t (data)\n* BIBSYS: 2111890\n* NDL: 00620682\n* NKC: xx0059521\n* BNE: XX1305459\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Rosalind Franklin","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[575,2679,0.21463232549458752],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3369}} -{"text":"\n***Chhiáⁿ-mn̄g Lí Kin-á-ji̍t Ài Tiám Thò͘-á--Bô?*** (Ji̍t-gí:ご注文はうさぎですか?, Hùn-lēng-sek: *Gotyûmon wa Usagi Desu ka?*, ì-sū: **Lí Chù-bûn--ê Kám Sī Thò͘-á?**), kán-lio̍k sī **Tiám-thò͘** ia̍h-sī **Gotiusa** (ごちうさ), sī Ji̍t-pún bān-oē-ka Koi chhòng-chok, tī Hong-bûn-siā (芳文社) Manga Time Kirara MAX khan--ê 4 keh bàng-gah. Tī Tâi-oân kah Hiong-kang iû Chiam-toan Chhut-pán (尖端-) tāi-lí hoat-hêng. Tōng-oē pán bo̍k-chêng û 2 kî (期): tē 1 kî tī 2014 nî 4 goe̍h kàu 6 goa̍h hòng-sàng; tē 2 kùi (hō-chò: ***Chhiáⁿ-mn̄g Lí Kin-á-ji̍t Ài Tiám Thò͘-á--Bô??***, Ji̍t-gí: ご注文はうさぎですか??) ùi 2015 nî 10 goe̍h khai-sí hòng-sàng.\n\nKio̍k-chêng\n-----------\n\nHoat-kok--ê Colmar sī poē-kéng--ê chham-khó\nPó-teng Sim-ài (保登心愛) lâi kah 1 ê ū chio̍h-pang lō͘ kap Au-chiu pang-á-chhù--ê ke-á (si̍t-chè-siōng chham-khó Colmar, Strasbourg téng Au-chiu siâⁿ-tìn) tha̍k ko-tiong. Bô-ì-tiong (無意中) i lâi kàu ka-pi-koán \"Rabbit House\" (Thó͘-á-chhù) tú-tio̍h thâu-ke--ê cha-bó͘-sun Hiong-hong Tì-nái (香風智乃) kap tī chia chò soàⁿ-kang--ê Thian-thian-chō Lí-sè (天々座理世). Āu lâi i hā-siok (下宿) tī chia, mā se̍k-sāi tī Kam-thò͘-am (甘兎庵)--ê tông-o̍h Ú-tī-siông Chhian-iā (宇治松千夜) kap Chhian-iā--ê chhù-pīⁿ Tông-kan Syaro (桐間シャロ), í 5-ê siàu-lú ûi-chú--ê hí-kio̍k chiū án-ne khai-sí.\n\nKioh-siàu\n---------\n\nChú-iāu jîn-bu̍t--ê goân-miâ sī tùi ím-liāu hō--ê. Chú-iàu kak-sek sī Pó-teng Sim-ài, Thian-thian-chō Lí-sè, Thian-thian-chō Lí-sè, Ú-tī-siông Chhian-iā kap Tông-kan Syaro.\n\n### Rabbit House\n\n* Pó-teng Sim-ài (保登心愛 (ほと　ここあ), Hoto Kokoa), siaⁿ: Chò-chhong Lêng-im (佐倉綾音)\n\nChú-kak. Hā-siok Rabbit House--ê Ko-tiong-seng. Sǹg-sò͘ kap chò pháng (パン) chin gâu, m̄-koh be-hiáu jīn-lō͘ kap bûn-kho. Hō͘-lâng lia̍h-chò moē-khóng (妹コン).\nMiā tùi Eng-gí--ê \"Sio Kho͘-khó͘-ah\" (Hot Cocoa) lâi--ê.\n* Hiong-hong Tì-nái (香風智乃 (かふう　ちの), Kahû Tino), siaⁿ: Súi-nāi Inori (水瀬いのり)\n\nRabbit House thâu-ke--ê cha-bó͘-sun. Han-bān kap lâng kau-poê, bô kah-ì khai-káng.\nMiā tùi \"Cappuccino\" ka-pi lâi--ê.\n* Thian-thian-chō Lí-sè (天々座理世 (てでざ　りぜ), Tedeza Lize), siaⁿ: Chióng-tiân Lî-sa (種田梨沙)\n\nTì Rabbit House chò soàⁿ-kang, sī kun-jîn ka-cho̍k--ê toā-sió-chiá, la̍t-thâu chin toā.\nMiā tùi Hoat-gí--ê \"Thé des Alizés\" (ì-sù: Bō͘-e̍k-hong (貿易風)--ê tê), 1 khoán Au-chiu hoe-kó (花果) le̍k-tê lâi--ê.\n* Tippy (ティッピー, Tippî), siaⁿ:Chheng-chhoan Goân-bōng (清川元夢)\n\nPún-miâ sī Tippî Gôruden Hurawarî Orenzi Peko (ティッピーゴールデンフラワリーオレンジペコ). Rabbit House--ê tiàm-tiúⁿ, sī Angora thò͘. Mā-sī Tì-nái--ê a-kong.\nMiâ tùi \"Tippy Golden Flowery Orange Pekoe\" âng-tê lâi--ê.\n### Kam-thò͘-am\n\n* Ú-tī-siông Chhian-iā (宇治松千夜 (うじまつ　ちや), Uzimatu Tiya), siaⁿ: Chó-têng Chhong-bí (佐藤聡美)\n\nKam-thò͘-am thâu-ke--ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ, gâu thè só͘-chò--ê Hô-koé-chí (和菓子) hō bûn-ngá--ê miâ. Sī Sim-ài--ê tông-o̍h, ài khui Syaro sńg-chhiò.\nMiâ tùi Ú-tī Boat-tê (宇治抹茶, Uzi Mattya) lâi--ê.\n* Tông-kan Sa-lō͘ (桐間紗路 (きりま　しゃろ), Kirima Syaro), siaⁿ: Loē-tiân Chin-lé (内田真礼)\n\nLí-sè--ê āu-pòe (後輩). Gâu tha̍k-chu, só͘-í siū pó͘-chō͘, kap Lí-sè ji̍t kâng 1 keng kùi-cho̍k ha̍k-hāu. M̄-koh chin sàn-chhiah, toà tī Kam-thò͘-am piⁿ-á--ê phoà-chhù, mā kàu \"Fleur de Lapin\" (Hoat-gí: Thò͘-á-hoe (-花)) tê-koán téng thàn goā-lō͘. Tú khai-sí ké chhian-kim sió-chiá.\nMiâ tùi Kilimanjaro ka-pi lâi--ê.\n### Kî-thaⁿ\n\n* Tiâu-hô Mâ-iâ (条河麻耶 (じょうが　まや), Zyôga Maya), siaⁿ: Tek-chéng Chheng-khong (徳井青空)\n\nTì-nái--ê tông-o̍h, ū ti-ko-gê (豬哥牙, Ji̍t-gí 八重歯, kak-khí tn̂g).\nMiâ tùi Jogmaya âng-tê lâi--ê.\n* Nāi-chin Hūi (奈津恵 (なつ　めぐみ), Natu Megumi), siaⁿ: Chhun-chhoan Lî-i (村川梨衣)\n\nTì-nái--ê tông-o̍h.\nMiā tùi Jio̍k-tāu-khò͘ (肉豆蔻, ha̍k-miâ *Myristica fragrans*)--ê Eng-gí \"Nutmeg\" lâi--ê.\n\nBàng-gah\n--------\n\nGoân-bûn lóng iû Hong-bûn-sia chhut-pán.\n### Tan-hêng-pún\n\n* Tē 1 phīⁿ: ISBN 978-4-8322-4119-0, 2012 nî 2 goe̍h 27 ji̍t\n* Tē 2 phīⁿ: ISBN 978-4-8322-4269-2, 2013 nî 2 goe̍h 27 ji̍t\n* Tē 3 phīⁿ: ISBN 978-4-8322-4420-7, 2014 nî 3 goe̍h 27 ji̍t\n* Tē 4 phiⁿ: ISBN 978-4-8322-4617-1, 2015 nî 9 goe̍h 26 ji̍t\n\n### Oē-chheh\n\n* Café du Lapin (ì-sù: Thò͘-á Ka-pi): ISBN 978-4-8322-4448-1, 2014 nî 5 goe̍h 27 ji̍t\n\nTiān-sī Tōng-oē\n---------------\n\n### Tē 1 kî\n\nTī 2014 nî 4 goe̍h 10 ji̍t kàu 2014 nî 6 goe̍h 26 ji̍t, iû TOKYO MX tāi-seng hòng-sàng. SUN Tiān-sī-tâi, Kiaⁿ-to Hòng-sàng (京都-), Aì-ti Tiān-sī-tâi (愛知-), AT-X kap BS11 téng tiān-sī-tâi kap Niconico bāng-chām téng mā ū hòng-sàng. Ū 12 chi̍p.\n\n#### Chú-tê khek\n\n* Phìⁿ-thâu (OP): *Daydream Café* (Pe̍h-ji̍t-bāng Ka-pi-koán)\n\t+ Sû: Hata A-kùi (畑亜貴)\n\t+ Khek: Tāi-kiú-pó Hun (大久保薫)\n\t+ Koa: Petit Rabbit's (5-ê chú-iāu kak-sek--ê siaⁿ-iu (聲優): Chò-chhong Lêng-im, Súi-nāi Inori, Chióng-tiân Lî-sa, Chó-têng Chhong-bí kap Loē-tiân Chin-lé)\n* Phìⁿ-bé (ED), tē 1-11 chi̍p: *Poppin' Jump♪* (ぽっぴんジャンプ♪)\n\t+ Sû: Uran (うらん)\n\t+ Chok-khek: Bo̍k-chhoan Iú-hi (木村有希)\n\t+ Pian-khek: Yashikin (やしきん)\n\t+ Koa: Timame Tūi (隊) (Tì-nái, Mâ-iâ kap Hūi--ê saⁿ-lâng-cho͘ (三人組), sî-chè iû in ê siaⁿ-iu (聲優): Súi-nāi Inori, Tek-chéng Chheng-khong kap Chhun-chhoan Lî-i chhiùⁿ)\n* Phìⁿ-bé (ED), tē 12 chi̍p: *Ji̍t-siông Decoration* (日常デコレーション, Ji̍t-siông chng-pān (裝扮))\n\t+ Sû: Uran (うらん)\n\t+ Chok-khek: Tâi-gû Ti-ú (大隅知宇)\n\t+ Pian-khek: Tāi-kiú-pó Hun\n\t+ Koa: Petit Rabbit's\n\n#### Liû-hêng oē\n\nIn-ūi phìⁿ-thâu-khek goân-khí-thâu sī \"心ぴょんぴょん\" (Sim phut-phut-thiàu), Ji̍t-pún koan-chiòng tiō chòng-chok-chhut \"あぁ^～心がぴょんぴょんするんじゃぁ^～\" (Ah! Sim-koaⁿ tī-leh phut-phut-thiàu!) chit kù oē, chit nn̄g kù he̍k-soán chò \"Tōng-oē Liû-hêng-gí Tāi-chióng (Ji̍t-gí: アニメ流行語大賞) 2014\"--ê tē 4 miâ.\n\n### Tē 2 kî\n\n2014 nî 10 goe̍h 10 ji̍t khí, iû AT-X tāi-seng hòng-sàng TOKYO MX, SUN Tiān-sī-tâi, Kiaⁿ-to Hòng-sàng, BS11 kap téng tiān-sī-tâi kap Niconico bāng-chām téng mā ū hòng-sàng.\n\n#### Chú-tê khek\n\n* Phìⁿ-thâu (OP): *Nô Poi!* (ノーポイッ！, Mài Pang-sak!)\n\t+ Sû: Hata A-kùi\n\t+ Khek: Tāi-kiú-pó Hun\n\t+ Koa: Petit Rabbit's\n\n* Phìⁿ-boé (ED): *Tokimeki Poporon♪* (ときめきポポロン♪, Pho̍k-pho̍k-thiàu--ê Poporon)\n\t+ Sû: Uran\n\t+ Chok-khek: Tâi-gû Ti-ú\n\t+ Pian-khek: Chhian-ia̍p \"naotyu-\" Ti̍t-sū (千葉\"naotyu-\"直樹)\n\t+ Koa: Timame Tūi\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\n1. ↑ non (2014-12-01). \"『アニメ流行語大賞2014』投票結果はこうなった！　大人気『妖怪ウォッチ』を抑え金賞に輝いたのは\"ジョジョ\"\". 東京産業新聞社 (Tang-kiaⁿ Sán-gia̍p Sin-bûn-siā). 2015-10-24 khòaⁿ--ê. (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kia̍t\n------------------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Is the Order a Rabbit?*** |\n\n* Manga Time Kirara Web (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n* Extremity Of Thanks (chok-chiá bāng-chām) (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n* Tiān-sī Tōng-oē \"Chhiáⁿ-mn̄g Lí Kin-á-ji̍t Ài Tiám Thò͘-á Bô?\" Chèng-sek Bāng-chām (Ji̍t-pún-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chhiáⁿ-mn̄g Lí Kin-á-ji̍t Ài Tiám Thò͘-á Bô?","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2371,6194,0.3827897965773329],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7464}} -{"text":"\n**Chhit-tè-chhù** (七塊厝) sī Tâi-oân Pîn-tong-koān Lâm-chiu-hiong lāi ê chi̍t-ê tē-hng, hêng-chèng-siōng sī siat chò **Chhit-tè-chhoan** (-村), koán-lâi tû-liáu Chhit-tè-chhù pún chng, koh ū Hoan-á-chhù (番仔厝) kap Lô-ka-chng (羅家莊) téng chng-thâu. Chiàu 2014 nî 10 goe̍h thóng-kè, thong chhoan jîn-kháu ū 1260 lâng.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nChhit-tè-chhù pún chng ūi tī leh Pîn 73 Sòaⁿ kong-lō͘ ê tang-pêng, chng lāi ū chi̍t keng Lâm-an-kiong (南安宮).\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n1815 nî ê sî, Chhit-tè-chhù thàng Tang-káng ê chúi-lō͘ khai-thong, chiâⁿ chò sī seng-lí chek-chhī ê tē-tiám.\n\nChhit-tè-chhù sī 1920 nî só͘ siat Nâ-piⁿ-chng ē-té ê tōa-jī. Chiàu 1935 nî ê thóng-kè, khiā-khí jîn-kháu ū 685 lâng.\n\n1951 nî, Chhit-tè-chhù pun hō͘ sin siat ê Khe-chiu-hiong (āu-bóe kái hō Lâm-chiu) koán-lí.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* 林楷原 (2015). *小聚落大故事—屏東縣南州鄉七塊厝聚落發展之研究* (sek-sū thesis). 慈濟大學 人類發展學系碩士班.\n\n1. ↑ 臺灣總督官房調查課 (1936). *昭和十年末 臺灣常住戶口統計*.\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n* Google (2017-02-15). \"七塊厝\" (Map). *Google Maps*. Google. 2017-02-15 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Chhit-tè-chhù (Lâm-chiu-hiong)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[516,1272,0.4056603773584906],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Chhit-tè-chhù
    七塊厝
    —  goân tōa-jī  —
    \n
    \"Chhit-tè-chhù
    \"Chhit-tè-chhù\"
    Chhit-tè-chhù
    Chhit-tè-chhù tī Pîn-tong-koān ê tāi-khài ūi-tì\n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 22.0°29′6.342″N 120.0°30′6.5556″E / 22.48509500°N 120.501821000°E / 22.48509500; 120.501821000
    Koān-chhī\n Pîn-tong-koān\n\t
    Hiong-tìn-chhī-khu\n\t\tLâm-chiu-hiong\n\t
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1189}} -{"text":"Hông-bîn Hōng-kong-hōe (Ji̍t-gí: 皇民奉公会 Kômin Hôkôkai) tī 1941 nî （Chiau-hô 16 nî）4 goe̍h 19 ji̍t sêng-li̍p, 1945 nî （Chiau-hô 20 nî）6 goe̍h 17 ji̍t kái-sàn, chêng-āu 4 nî. Sêng-li̍p ê chú-iàu bo̍t-te̍k sī beh kái-chèng chìn-chêng Kok-bîn Cheng-sîn Chóng-tōng-goân sî-kî hō͘-lâng phoe-phêng ê chòe-hoat. \n\nHông-bîn Hōng-kong-hōe ê siat-li̍p sī iōng ' Í-Tâi-tī-Tâi ' ê lí-liām lâi siat-kè, beh hō͘ 'Tâi-oân-lâng chū-hêng tiau-phòe', ta̍t-kàu 'Siōng-tōa ê tōng-goân' thêng-tō͘.\n\nPōe-kéng\n--------\n\nJi̍t-tī hiō-kî thâu-chi̍t-ê bú-koaⁿ chóng-tok Kobayasi Seizô tī 1936 nî （Chiau-hô 11 nî）10 goe̍h 1 ji̍t chiūⁿ-jīm sî, ko-kú saⁿ tōa thóng-tī bo̍k-phiau：Hông-bîn-hoa, Kang-gia̍p-hoa, Lâm-chìn ki-tē-hoa. Hông-bîn-hoa Ūn-tōng tio̍h án-ne chèng-sek khí-kó͘. Keh-tńg-nî, hoat-seng Chi-nā Sū-piàn, Tē-it-chhù Konoe Lōe-koh hoat-piáu *Kok-bîn Cheng-sîn Chóng-tōng-goân Kè-ōe Iàu-kang*, nn̄g-kò-goe̍h āu, 9 goe̍h 10 ji̍t, Tâi-oân iah tòe-leh sêng-li̍p **Kok-bîn Cheng-sîn Chóng-tōng-goân Pún-pō͘**, Hông-bîn-hoa Ūn-tōng hiâⁿ-chhâ thiⁿ hóe-to̍h. \n\nTān-sī, Kobayasi Seizô ê Hông-bîn-hoa chèng-chhek tī chong-kàu hong-bīn ê chòe-hoat siuⁿ kòe kek-lia̍t, Sī-biō Chéng-lí Ūn-tōng, Sîn-pu̍t Seng-thian Ūn-tōng, Chiàⁿ-thiaⁿ Kái-chō Ūn-tōng, ín-khí Tâi-oân-lâng phó͘-phiàn ê hoán-kám. Tâi-oân-lâng sīm-chì kàu Ji̍t-pún Té-kok Gī-hōe khí tîn-chêng kiû-kiò. \n\nKobayasi Seizô sī-m̄-sī in-ūi án-ne lâi lo̍h-tâi, su-iàu chìn chi̍t pō͘ ê khó-cha, tān-sī chiap-jīm ê Hasegawa Kiyosi chóng-tok ê Hông-bîn-hoa chòe-hoat khak-si̍t ū oân-choân tó-thâu-péng ê kái-piàn. Tī án-ne ê pōe-kéng chi-hā, sêng-li̍p liau Hông-bîn Hōng-kong-hōe, chiâⁿ-chòe Tâi-oân hông-bîn-hoa ūn-tōng sin ê ki-koan-chhia （hóe-chhia-thâu）, sòa-chiap Kok-bîn Cheng-sîn Chóng-tōng-goân Pún-pō͘, tòa-niá Tâi-oân chìn-ji̍p tē-jī kai-tōaⁿ ê hông-bîn-hòa sî-tāi.\n\nCho͘-chit\n---------\n\nHông-bîn Hōng-kong-hōe Chó͘-chit Tô͘\n\nChu-liāu lâi-goân: *Hông-bîn Hōng-kong-hōe ê Gián-kiú-- í Lîm Hiàn-tông ê Chham-ú Ûi Lē* , Khó͘ Soat-ki\n\n \n\nHông-bîn Hōng-kong-hōe chó͘-chit, túi chóng-tok-hú kàu ki-chân hun chòe saⁿ-pō͘-hūn: Tiong-iong Pún-pō͘, Tē-hng Chó͘-chit, Sòaⁿ-ē Thoân-thé (傘下團體). \n\n### Tiong-iong Pún-pō͘\n\nHông-bîn Hōng-kong-hōe siat Chóng-chhâi chi̍t-sek, iû Chóng-tok kiam-jīm, thóng-niá choân Tâi-oân la̍k-pah-bān tó-bîn. Phìn-chhiáⁿ kúi-nā-ê Chham-ú kah Kò͘-būn chòe Chóng-chhâi ê kun-su, Chham-ú kah Kò͘-būn ê jīm-kî lóng-sī chi̍t-nî. Chham-ú ài chó͘-chit Chham-ú-hōe lâi sím-gī tiōng-iàu sū-hāng. Iû Tiong-iong Pún-pō͘-tiúⁿ chòe gī-tiúⁿ chú-chhî hōe-gī. \n\nChóng-chhâi ē-tóe siat Tiong-iong Pún-pō͘, iû Chóng-bū tiúⁿ-koaⁿ kiam-jīm pō͘-tiúⁿ, chóng-koán hōe-bū. Tiong-iong Pún-pō͘ ū Hōng-kong Úi-oân-hōe, siat ū kúi-nā-ê Hōng-kong Úi-goân. Chia--ê úi-goân sī iû Chóng-chhâi úi-chiok(委囑, úi-jīm ê ì-sù), jīm-kî mā-sī chi̍t-nî. Hōng-kong Úi-oân-hōe ê hōe-gī iû Tiong-iong Pún-pō͘-tiúⁿ tam-jīm gī-tiúⁿ lâi chiau-chip khui-hōe. \n\nTiong-iong Pún-pō͘ ē-tóe siat Sū-bū-kio̍k, Tiong-iong Si̍t-chiān Hia̍p-le̍k Hōe-gī í-ki̍p Tōe-hng Sū-bū-kio̍k Liân-lo̍k Hōe-gī. Sū-bū-kio̍k iû Sū-bū Chóng-tiúⁿ tòa-niá, ē-tóe siat la̍k-ê pō͘ : Chóng-bū-pō͘, Seng-oa̍h-pō͘, Tōe-hng-pō͘, Soan-thoân-pō͘, Hùn-liān-pō͘, Keng-chè-pō͘, siat Pō͘-tiúⁿ chòe léng-tō. \n\nĀu--lâi, lio̍k-sio̍k sêng-li̍p gō͘-ê Úi-oân-hōe：Hū-jîn Úi-oân-hōe, Gô͘-lo̍k Úi-oân-hōe, Hiō-seng Úi-oân-hōe, Ūn-êng Úi-oân-hōe, i-ki̍p chi̍t-ê Hōng-kong-hōe kap Chóng-tok-hú tiong-kan ê Liân-lo̍k Hōe-gī.\n\n### Tē-hng Chó͘-chit\n\n### Sòaⁿ-e Thoân-thé\n\n* Àn nî-hòe: Hōng-kong Chheng-liân-thoân, Siàu-liân-thoân, Chòng-nî-thoân.\n* Àn chit-gia̍p: Ián-ke̍k Théng-sin-tūi, Ha̍k-tô͘ Hōng-kong-tūi, Siong-gia̍p Hōng-kong-thoân, Tâi-oân I-su Hōng-kong-thoân, Tâi-oân Soan-thoân Bí-su̍t Hōng-kong-thoân ... téng-téng.\n\nChe tang-tiong siōng kái tiōng-iàu ê sī Hōng-kong Chòng-nî-thoân, thoân-goân nî-hòe boán 26-45 hòe.\n\nSū-kang\n-------\n\nÉng-hióng\n---------\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Si̍t-bîn-tē Keng-giām kah Tâi-oân Bûn-ha̍k--Tē-it-kài Tâihēng Tâi-oân Bûn-ha̍k Ha̍k-su̍t Gián-thó-hōe Lūn-bûn-chip 《殖民地經驗與台灣文學--第一屆台杏台灣文學學術研討會論文集》25 ia̍h, thâu chi̍t-phiⁿ lūn-bûn, Si̍t-bîn-tē Bûn-hòa Ūn-tōng kah Hông-bîn-hoa--Lūn Tiuⁿ Bûn-khoân ê Bûn-hòa-koan, tù-chiá Liú Su-khîm〈殖民地文化運動與皇民化--論張文環的文化觀〉, 柳書琴\n2. ↑ 〈Hông-bîn Hōng-kong Hōe ê Gián-kiú-- í Lîm Hiàn-tông ê Chham-ú Ûi lē 〉, Khó͘ Soat-ki 〈皇民奉公會的研究 --以林獻堂的參與為例〉, 許雪姬\n3. ↑ Tâi-oân Bûn-hiàn 59 kǹg tē-3 kî, 96 ia̍h, Gī-bîn-biō Chá-kî Le̍k-sú ê Goân-māu, Thoân-sòe kah Kì-chài, tù-chiá N̂g Toh-koân 《台灣文獻》第59卷第3期〈義民廟早期歷史的原貌、傳說與記載：歷史文本與敘事的探討〉, 黃卓權\n4. ↑ 〈Hông-bîn Hōng-kong Hōe ê Gián-kiú-- í Lîm Hiàn-tông ê Chham-ú Ûi lē 〉, Khó͘ Soat-ki 〈皇民奉公會的研究 --以林獻堂的參與為例〉, 許雪姬","meta":{"title":"Hông-bîn Hōng-kong-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1092,4638,0.23544631306597671],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5350}} -{"text":"\n\nMiranda Otto (2012).\n**Miranda Otto** (1967 nî 12 goe̍h 16 ji̍t chhut-sì ) sī chi̍t-ūi Australia ê cha-bó͘ ián-goân. Otto ê siang-chhin kah sió-mōe mā lóng sī ián-goân. Otto ê ián-gē seng-gâi chū 1986 nî khai-sí, káu taⁿ í-keng ián-chhut kòe chōe-chōe tiān-iáⁿ chok-phín. *Emma's War* sī Otto ê tē-it pái tī tōa-gîn-bō͘ ián-chhut; i tī tiān-iáⁿ tong-tiong sek-ián chi̍t-ūi tī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn kî-kan poaⁿ-sóa káu Ò-tāi-lī-a chng-kha seng-oa̍h ê siàu-lú. Chiap-sio̍k lo̍h-lâi ê kúi-nā tang, Otto kè-sio̍k chhut-ián chōe-chōe pō͘ Ò-tāi-lī-a tiān-iáⁿ, tit-tio̍h kóng-tāi ê hó-phêng. 1990 nî-tāi, Otto tī *The Thin Red Line* kah *What Lies Beneath* lāi-bīn ê ián-chhut tit-tio̍h Hollywood ê chù-ì. Otto siōng chhut-miâ ê ián-chhut kak-sek sī *The Lord of the Rings* lāi-bīn ê Éowyn.\n\nOtto ê miâ tī Hoâ-gí hoan-e̍k chò **Bí-lân-ta̍t Ò-tô͘** (Hàn-jī: 米蘭達·奧圖).\n\nChá-nî\n------\n\nMiranda Otto tī Australia Queensland ê Brisbane chhut-sì. In lāu-pē Barry Otto, lāu-bú Lindsay Otto, kah sió-mōe Gracie Otto lóng sī ián-goân. Otto tī Brisbane kah Sin Lâm Wales ê Newcastle tōa-hàn. Tī i 6 hòe ê sî-chūn, pē-bú lī-iân, i bat té-kî tòa tī Hiang-káng. Otto ē tēng-kì káu Sydney hām lāu-pē tàu-tīn kòe chiat-ji̍t kah chiu-boa̍t, mā in-chhú tùi piáu-ián sán-seng tio̍h hèng-chhù.\n\nGín-á-sî ê Otto ē tī êng-kang hām pêng-iú tàu-tīn pian-siá kio̍k-pún, siat-kè ho̍k-chong kah thoân-toaⁿ.\n\nSū-gia̍p\n--------\n\nSu-seng-oa̍h\n------------\n\nChok-phín\n---------\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Miranda Otto*** |\n\n1. ↑ \"The Right Stage of Life\". *The Sydney Morning Herald*. 2005-09-26. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2013-09-21. 2014-01-17 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ Scobie, Claire (2005-06-26). \"Balancing Act\". *The Herald Sun*.\n3. ↑ Keenan, Catherine (2005-10-01). \"Family Viewing\". *The Sydney Morning Herald*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2013-09-21. 2014-01-17 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ Williams, Sue (2003-07). \"Doing It Her Way\". *The Australian Women's Weekly*. goân-loē-iông tī 2007-10-17 hőng khó͘-pih. 2007-10-17 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Miranda Otto tī Bāng-lō͘ Tiān-iáⁿ Chu-liāu-khò͘","meta":{"title":"Miranda Otto","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[915,2306,0.39679098005203817],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2395}} -{"text":"\nJean-Luc Ponty e jazz\nChit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ m̄-sī teh kóng Chhiú-hong-khîm.\n**Chhiú-khîm** (手琴) mā kiò-chò **bai-ó͘-lín** (バイオリン), sio̍k-tī hiân-ga̍k-khì lāi-té ê e-hiân ga̍k-khì. Chhiú-khîm téng-koân bô chò gān-chū iah pa̍t-hāng hō-thâu, e chhiú-khîm ê lâng tio̍h khò im-kám kap kì-tî lâi koat-tēng beh chhi̍h hiân ê toh-ūi, koh tio̍h án-choáⁿ soá tín-tāng.\n\nChhiú-khîm ê 4 tiâu hiân hō-chò G, D, A kap E, e khîm ê lâng sī kā khîm hē tī tò-pêng pn̄g-sî-kut kap ē-hâi tiong-kan, tò-chhiú ê chéng-thâu-á chhi̍h hiân khòng-chè im-koân, chiàⁿ-chhiú gia̍h e-á (keng) lâi e khîm-hiân.\n\nChit-khoán ga̍k-khì sī hiân-ga̍k-khì lāi-té siōng-kài sè-ki koh im-koân siōng-kài koân--ê, e chhiú-khîm ê im-ga̍k-ka, lâng it-poaⁿ kiò in **chhiú-khîm-chhiú** iah **bai-ó͘-lín-chhiú**.\n\nChhiú-khîm beh chò hō͘ hó, su-iàu ho̍k-cha̍p ê ki-su̍t kap keng-giām ê lia̍p-chek, sè-kài-siōng ū chi̍t-koá chin chhut-miâ ê chhiú-khîm-chiūⁿ, Antonio Stradivari tō sī in lāi-té ê 1 ê.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Ogawa Naoyosi, pian. (1931). \"chhiú-khîm\". *Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten* 臺日大辭典 [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*] (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí).\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:Violins*** |","meta":{"title":"Chhiú-khîm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[175,1117,0.1566696508504924],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1368}} -{"text":"Hân-kok ê ián-oân Kim Siù-hiân kap Choân Tì-hiân\n**Hân-kok tiān-sī-kio̍k**, kán-chheng **Hân-kio̍k** (韓劇), sī Hân-kok chè-chok ê tiān-sī-kio̍k. 1980 nî-tāi, Hân-kio̍k tòe tiān-sī ê chhái-sek-hoà ta̍uh-ta̍uh heng-khí. 1990 nî-tāi, Hân-kok siu-tēng *Tiān-sī-hoat*, ún-chún bîn-êng kap iú-soàⁿ ê tiān-sī-tâi chìn-ji̍p tiān-sī hòng-sàng sán-gia̍p. 1991 nî, bîn-êng siong-gia̍p tiān-sī-tâi SBS ê sêng-li̍p hō͘ Hân-kio̍k sán-gia̍p hêng-sêng KBS, MBC kap SBS saⁿ toā kong-si siong-gia̍p-hoà ê ūn-chok keh-kio̍k. 1997 nî, Hân-kio̍k *Ài-chêng sī Siáⁿ-mi̍h* tī Tiong-kok Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi ê jia̍t-kông hòng-sàng, hō͘ Hân-kio̍k khai-sí tī Tiong-kok, Tâi-oân, Ji̍t-pún kap Tang-lâm-a tē-khu liû-hêng, chiâⁿ-chò \"Hân-liû\" ê tiōng-iàu cho͘-sêng pō͘-hūn. 2000 nî khai-sí, Hân-kio̍k kap Hân-liû tī sè-kài koh-khah toā hoān-ûi ê lâi liû-hêng, chèng-sek chìn-ji̍p heng-sèng-kî.\n\nHân-kok tiān-sī-tâi it-poaⁿ sī hiòng hā-sio̍k ê iáⁿ-sī chè-chok kong-si chù-bûn tiān-sī-kio̍k, bô su-iàu chè-phìⁿ-jîn lâi khó-lū chu-kim tiû-pī kap chhī-tiûⁿ siau-lō͘ ê tāi-chì. In-chhú, thoân-thóng ê Hân-io̍k chè-chok bô͘-sek sī \"PD ha̍p-it\", iā-chiū-sī chè-phìⁿ-jîn kap tō-ián ê chit-chek iû kāng chi̍t ê lâng lâi tam-jīm, hō-chò PD (Eng-gú lāi *producer* kap *director* ê ì-sù). Lēng-goā, Hân-kio̍k chhái-chhú chi̍t-bīn siá, chi̍t-bīn hip ê thé-chè. Tiān-sī-kio̍k khai-hip chêng, it-poaⁿ kan-na su-iàu saⁿ hun-chi it ê kio̍k-pún kap tāi-thò. Tiān-sī-kio̍k ê hòng-sàng it-poaⁿ mā kan-na su-iàu 30% chó-iū ê oân-sêng phìⁿ. Ūi-tio̍h beh tui-kiû siu-sī-lu̍t, kio̍k-cho͘ jîn-oân ē-tàng kin-kì koan-chiòng ê su-kiû khak-tēng kio̍k-chêng ê hoat-tián kap chòe-āu ê kiat-kio̍k.\n\nHân-kio̍k thé-hiān tio̍h Hân-kok tang-sai hūn-ha̍p bûn-hoà ê te̍k-tiám, thàu-kòe piáu-hiān jîn-sèng ê bí-lē, o-ló chin, siān, bí, sok-chō chip-koat, kian-jím, chiong-boán goân-khì ê jîn-bu̍t hêng-siōng, chhiòng-tō ang-á-bó͘ un-ài, iú-hàu pē-bú, chiâⁿ-si̍t sìn-iōng, tin-sioh chheng-chêng téng-téng thoân-thóng Jû-ka su-sióng.","meta":{"title":"Hân-kok tiān-sī-kio̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1968,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2244}} -{"text":"Hân Chiàn\n**Hân Chiàn** (韓戰; 1950 nî 6 goe̍h 25 ~ 1953 nî 7 goe̍h 27), mā kiò chò **Hân-kok Chiàn-cheng** (韓國戰爭) ia̍h **Tiâu-sián Chiàn-cheng** (朝鮮戰爭), tī Pak Hân mā hō-chò **Chó͘-kok Kái-hòng Chiàn-cheng** (祖國解放戰爭), sī chi̍t tiûⁿ hoat-seng tī Tiâu-sián Poàn-tó téng, Pak Hân (ū So͘-liân kap Tiong-kok chi-chhî) kap Lâm Hân (ū Bí-kok chi-chhî) chi-kan ê chiàn-cheng. Hân Chiàn ùi 1950 nî 6 goe̍h 25 hō Pak Hân chhim-ji̍p Lâm Hân khai-sí, sòa--lo̍h-lâi tī siang-hong pian-kài sī chē-chē tiûⁿ bú-chong chhiong-tu̍t. Lo̍h-bóe, Liân-ha̍p-kok (í Bí-kok ûi-chú) chhut-tōng kun-tūi chi-oān Lâm Hân; Tiong-kok chhut-tōng kun-tūi chi-oān Pak Hân, ah So͘-liân mā hō͘ Pak Hân chi-chhî.\n\nTiâu-sián Poàn-tó chó-ûi Bí-kok kap So͘-liân siang-hong Léng Chiàn ê chi̍t khoân, lâm-pak pī pun chò nn̄g ê chèng-hú. Lâm-pak siang-hong lóng seng-chheng ka-kī chiah sī Poàn-tó téng ê ha̍p-hoat chèng-hú, bô sêng-jīn kóng he sī éng-kú pian-kài. Tùi-li̍p tī 1950 nî 6 goe̍h 25 hō So͘-liân chi-chhî ê Pak Hân kun-tūi hāⁿ kòe pian-kài chìn-jip Lâm Hân ê sî-chūn, choán-piàn chò tōa kui-bô͘ ê chiàn-cheng. Liân-ha̍p-kok An-chôan Lí-sū Hōe phe-chún pēng cho͘-sêng kun-tūi, pang-chō͘ Lâm Hân lâi tùi-khòng Pak Hân. 21 ê Liân-ha̍p-kok chi-chō͘ Liân-ha̍p-kok kun-kūi, kî-tiong Bí-kok ê kun-sū jîn-oân chiàm 90%.\n\nHō-miâ\n------\n\nTī Lâm Hân, it-poaⁿ iōng 625 ia̍h **6.25 tōng-loān** (6.25 동란/動亂) lâi kóng chit tiûⁿ chiàn-cheng.\n\nTī Pak Hân, koaⁿ-hong ê chèng-sek miâ-hō sī **Chó͘-kok Kái-hòng Chiàn-cheng** ia̍h **Tiâu-sián Chiàn-cheng**.\n\nTī Tiong-kok, koaⁿ-hong ê chèng-sek miâ-hō hō-chò **Khòng-Bí Oān-Tiâu Chiàn-cheng** (抗美援朝战争), m̄-koh \"Tiâu-sián Chiàn-cheng\" kî-si̍t khah chia̍p teh iōng. Tī Hiong-káng kap Ò-mn̂g tē-khu, \"Hân Chiàn\" khah chia̍p sú-iōng.","meta":{"title":"Hân Chiàn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1641,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1944}} -{"text":"\n**Limburg-gí** (Limburgs) sio̍k-î Ìn-Au gí-hē Tek-gí-hē ê Sai German gí-giân, sio̍k Frankish gí-giân ê chi̍t-chi, sī tī Hô-lân, Pí-lī-sî kah Tek-kok piⁿ-kài ê Limburg-hô Rheinland tē-khu só͘ sái-iōng ê gí-giân. chit-ê gí-giân ê sái-iōng hōan-ûi tì Venlo khôan káu Düsseldorf, Aachen, Maastricht, Hasselt ê tōa-îⁿ-khôan. Tī Hô-lân, in jīn-ûi Limburg-gí sī chi̍t-chéng khu-he̍k gí-giân, tit-tio̍h Au-chiu khu-he̍k gí-giân kah gí-giân hiàn-chiuⁿ tē-jī-chiuⁿ ê tiong-téng pó-hō͘.\n\nLimburg-gí ê hūn-chi\n--------------------\n\n* Pak Limburg-gí *（*Noord Limburgs*) hūn-pò͘ î Venlo káu Hô-lân pak-pō͘, sī Limburg-gí ê chi̍t-chéng.*\n* Tiong Limburg-gí （*Centraal Limburgs*) sī Tek-kok ê kài liām, i thang-hêng î Hô-lân tang-pō͘ ki̍p Pí-lī-sî pō͘-hūn tē-khu.\n* Tang-lâm hā Frankish- gí （*Südostniederfränkisch*)\n\nTang-lâm Limburg-gí （*Zuidoost-Limburgs*）\n\n### Hú-im\n\n| | Siang-tûn-im | Tûn-khí-im | Khí-jîn-im | Khí-jîn-āu-im | Ngē-gok-im | Nńg-gok-im | Âu-im |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Phīⁿ-im | | m | | | n | | | | ŋ | |\n| That-im | p | b | | t | d | | | k | | |\n| Bô-chhat thang-im | | β̞ | | | | | j | | |\n| That-chhat-im | | | | | dʒ | | | |\n| Chhat-im | | f | v | s | z | ʃ | | | x | ɣ | h | |\n| Chùn-im | | | | r | | | | |\n| Piⁿ-thang-im | | | | l | | | | |\n\n### Gôan-im\n\n#### Tan-bó-im\n\n| | chêng | ng | āu |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| pì | i iː y yː | | u uː |\n| chhù pì | ɪ | | |\n| pòaⁿ pì | eː ø øː | | oː |\n| tiong | | ə | ɔ |\n| pòaⁿ khui | ɛ ɛː œ œː œ̃ː | | ɔː ɔ̃ː |\n| chhù khui | æ æ̃ː | | |\n| khui | aː | | ɑ ɑː ɑ̃ː |\n\n/ə/chiah chhut chit-má hui tāng im im chat , /oː/chiah chhut hiān î gôan chū phiau-chún Hô-lân-gí he̍k Eng-gí ê chioh iōng sû tiong. jî phīⁿ hòa bó im /œ̃ː æ̃ː ɑ̃ː ɔ̃ː/chiah chhut hiān î gôan chū Hoat-gí ê chioh iōng sû tiong. \n\ntī khí jîn im chêng , /øː œː uː/hōe phōe tha̍k chhiâⁿ [øə œə uə]. \n\n#### siang bó im\n\nlîm pó gí ê siang bó im kè ū /iə øɪ eɪ uɪ ɔɪ aɪ ou/téng , lēng-gōa iáu-ū /uː ɔː ɑː/kah /j/ê hūn-ha̍p , jî /aɪ/chiah chhut hiān î chiông Hoat-gí chioh iōng ê tan jī tiong í-ki̍p kám thàn sû tiong. \n\ntī khí jîn im chêng , /ou/hōe phōe tha̍k chhiâⁿ [oə], jî /eɪ/chek hōe phōe tha̍k chhiâⁿ [eə]he̍k [ejə]. \n\n### Siaⁿ-tiàu\n\nTī tāng-im chat chiūⁿ , Limburg-gí ū nn̄g-ê siaⁿ-tiàu tōan-thóng chiūⁿ hūn-pa̍t chheng chi ûi *stoottoon*（\"thui im \") kah *sleeptoon*（\"bîn im \"). siaⁿ-tiàu ē-sái khu hūn bô-kâng ê jī í-ki̍p chi̍t jī ê bô-kâng hêng-sek. lē jî : [daːx] , nā hoat *sleeptoon*tiàu chek ì-bī tio̍h \"ji̍t chí \", nā [daːx]hoat *stoottoon*tiàu chek ì ûi \"ji̍t chí （ho̍k sò͘ ) \") .\n\n### Gôan-im piàn-hòa\n\nLimburg-gí tùi miâ-sû sái-iōng chi̍t sia gôan im piàn-hòa í phiau bêng ho̍k sò͘. Tī Eng-gí tiong iā ū lūi sāi ê sái-iōng, Germanic ki̍p goose - geese téng. \nTī to sò͘ Limburg-gí ê hong-giân tiong , chiòng hōe tī pō͘-hūn miâ-sû tiong chhōe-tio̍h gôan im piàn-hòa. o̍at tang-piⁿ ê tē-hong , tiâu Tek-kok hong hiáng ê tē-hong ē-sái chhōe-tio̍h keng to jî chhú ê jī. \n\nLimburg-gí ki î gôan im piàn-hòa ê ho̍k sò͘ miâ-sû kí gû : \n\n* broor - breur hiaⁿ tī （tan sò͘ - ho̍k sò͘ )\n* sjoon - sjeun ê chí （tan sò͘ - ho̍k sò͘ )\n\nChham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Hô-lân-gí\n* Afrikaans-gí\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\nWikipediaWikipedia\nWikipedia ū ***Limburg-gí*** ê pán-pún.\n\nWiktionaryWiktionary\nWiktionary ū ***Limburg-gí*** ê pán-pún.\n\n Wikibooks ū koan-hē **Limburg-gí** ê kàu-châi kap soat-bêng-su.\n\n* On Limburgish Tones (in Dutch) (Hôlân-gú)\n* Map of dialects spoken in Dutch Limburg (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Limburg-gí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[754,2820,0.2673758865248227],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3931}} -{"text":"Teresa Palmer (2012).\n**Teresa Mary Palmer** (1986 nî 2 goe̍h 26 ji̍t chhut-sì ) sī chi̍t-ūi Ò-tāi-lī-a ê cha-bó͘ ián-goân kiam model. *2:37* (2006) sī i-ê tē-it pái tiān-iáⁿ ián-chhut. Palmer jiân-āu mā ū chham-ú *The Grudge 2* (2006), *December Boys*, kap tông-ōe kò͘-sū *Bedtime Stories* (2008). 2010 káu 2011 nî, i iáu-ū *The Sorcerer's Apprentice*, *I Am Number Four*, kap *Take Me Home Tonight* téng-téng chok-phín. 2013 nî, i ián-chhut kiong-si chêng-ài kò͘-sū *Warm Bodies* kap lōng-bān chiàn-cheng tiān-iáⁿ *Love and Honor*. 2014 nî, i koh ián-chhut lōng-bān hì-chhut *Parts Per Billion*, khióng-pò͘ tiān-iáⁿ *Cut Bank*, iáu-ū hām in ang Mark Webber ha̍p-chok ê to̍k-li̍p hì-chhut *The Ever After*. I tī 2015 nî chham-ú o͘-sek hí-kio̍k-phìⁿ *Kill Me Three Times* kap Terrence Malick kàm-tok chí-tō ê *Knight of Cups*.\n\nChá-nî\n------\n\nGōa-pō͘\n-------\n\n* Teresa Palmer tī Bāng-lō͘ Tiān-iáⁿ Chu-liāu-khò͘\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Teresa Palmer*** |","meta":{"title":"Teresa Palmer","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[111,871,0.12743972445464982],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1102}} -{"text":"**Tōa-pêⁿ-nâ** (大坪林) sī Tâi-oân Sin-pak-chhī Sin-tiàm-khu ē-té ê tē-hng, óa tī Kéng-bí-khe lâm kîⁿ. Pún tē-khu lāi-bīn ū Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn ê Tōa-pêⁿ-nâ-chām.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nTōa-pêⁿ-nâ ê tang-lâm-pêng sī Chio̍h-tēng soaⁿ kûn, lēng-gōa saⁿ pêng sī Sin-tiàm-khe kap Kéng-bí-khe hô-chhoan-tē. Pún tē-hng pún-sin sī chi̍t-ê sió khóa ū 10 kong-chhiò chó-iū khí-lo̍h ê pêⁿ-po͘ tē-hêng.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n1753 nî, Tōa-pêⁿ-nâ gia̍p-chú Siau Biāu-heng (蕭妙興) thê-kiong só͘-chāi hō͘ Koeh Sek-liû (郭錫瑠) chhōa-thâu ê khún-hō͘ khui-chùn, 1760 nî-tāi goân-sêng.\n\nJi̍t-pún sî-tāi āu-kî pún tē-hng sī siat chò Sin-tiàm-ke ē-té ê tōa-jī, nā chiàu 1935 nî ê thóng-kè, ū jîn-kháu 7145 lâng. Hit-tong-sî ē tōa-jī ē-té, pau-koat Sin-tiàm, Chhit-tiuⁿ (七張), Pó-táu-chhù (寶斗厝), Jī-cha̍p-tiuⁿ, Cha̍p-jī-tiuⁿ, Cha̍p-sì-tiuⁿ téng sió-jī (小字).\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. 1 2 張瓊文 (2001). *土地、社會與國家：新店地區的空間性轉化* (sek-sū thesis). 國立臺灣師範大學 地理研究所.\n2. ↑ 臺灣總督官房調查課 (1936). *昭和十年末 臺灣常住戶口統計*.\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n* Google (2017-01-13). \"大坪林\" (Map). *Google Maps*. Google. 2017-01-13 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Tōa-pêⁿ-nâ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[226,1071,0.21101774042950514],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1267}} -{"text":"**Kiōng-tông-gú** (共同語) sī gí-giân-ha̍k ê chi̍t ê tēng-gī. I sī tī sú-iōng kāng-khoán gí-giân ê khu-he̍k tiong, pī kóng-hoat sú-iōng ê gí-giân hêng-sek. Kiōng-tông-gú sī in-ūi tn̂g-kî ê bûn-hoà kap kau-liû si̍p-koàn ê lúi-chek só͘ lâi sán-seng ê gí-giân hêng-sek. Kiōng-tông-gú kap hong-giân, su̍t-gí ia̍h-sī te̍k-tēng siā-hōe kai-chân ê iōng-gí bô-kāng. Kiōng-tông-gú koh ē-ēng hun chò piau-chún-gú kap kháu-gí nn̄g chióng hêng-sek.\n\nPiau-chún-gú\n------------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Piau-chún-gú\nPiau-chún-gú sī chi̍t khoán piau-chún-hòa ê gí-giân hêng-sek, khū-iú kò͘-tēng ê kui-chek. I sī gú-giân he̍k-tek, iû-kî sī tī ha̍k-hāu kàu-io̍k ê kui-chek. Piau-chún-gú ē khan-liân tio̍h chiàⁿ-siá-hoat, hoat-im kap bûn-hoat téng-téng, mā ē khí khan-liân tio̍h ài chhái-iōng it-tēng gú-thé só͘ su-siá ê bûn-pún choān-siá, chhin-chhiūⁿ phoe, kán-le̍k, kì-lio̍k, pò-tō í-ki̍p tùi sū-bu̍t ê biâu-su̍t. Tī ta̍k khoán gí-giân tiong, toā-to-sò͘ ê gí-giân tù-chok lóng sī í piau-chún-gú chò-ûi pian-choān ê tùi-siōng.\n\nKháu-thâu-gú\n------------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Kháu-gí\nKháu-gí pēng bô thóng-it ê hêng-sek chûn-chāi, só͘-í iā bô chìn-hêng-kòe piau-chún-hòa ê tōng-chok. Chit khoán gí-giân ê hêng-sek chú-iàu sī tī su-jîn hoān-tiû ia̍h-sī kò-jîn tâm-ōe tiong sú-iōng, jî-chhiáⁿ koh ē siū-tio̍h ta̍k-ūi hong-giân ê éng-hióng, só͘-í ta̍k-ūi ê kháu-gí iā lóng ū chha-pia̍t.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Thong-iōng-gú","meta":{"title":"Kiōng-tông-gú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[15,1399,0.010721944245889922],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1639}} -{"text":"\n**Chéng-cho̍k-chú-gī** sī 1 chióng sìn-liām, lia̍h-kóng ū-ê chéng-cho̍k iah-sī cho̍k-kûn pí pa̍t-ê khah hó. Ū chit-khoán sìn-liām ê lâng hō-chò chéng-cho̍k-chú-gī-chiá.\n\nJîn-lūi sù-siông ē kā lâng hun-chò bô-kâng ê kûn-thé, hun-thiah ê piau-chún, chia̍p-chia̍p sī chin bêng ê goā-piáu khoán-sek, pí-lūn: phoê-hu ê sek-chúi t.t. M̄-koh án-ne lâi kā lâng hun-chò bô-kâng ê kûn-thé pēng bô-tiāⁿ-tio̍h tō sī chéng-cho̍k-chú-gī. Chéng-cho̍k-chú-gī só͘ chú-tiuⁿ--ê, sī jîn-lūi tiong-kan ê kûn-thé, ū khah-hó kap khah-bái ê cheng-chha tī leh. Kah nā chéng-cho̍k sī láng ùi i ê chó͘-kong-á só͘ ûi-thoân--lâi-ê, chéng-cho̍k-chú-gī tō ē kā chi̍t-pō͘-hūn lâng khoàⁿ-chò khah hó lēng-goā ê lâng, in-toaⁿ to̍k-to̍k sī in ê chó͘-sian bô-sio-siâng.\n\nKho-ha̍k-ka it-poaⁿ-tek jīn-ûi chéng-cho̍k sī ùi tī 1 ê só͘-chāi tn̂g sî-kan khiā-khí ê ka-cho̍k só͘ seⁿ-thoàⁿ--lái-ê, m̄-koh, lóng-chóng ê lâng-chéng tiong-kan sī ē-tàng hō͘-siong phoè-ha̍p seⁿ-chhut hō͘-è--ê, iā án-ne ū-ê kho-ha̍k-ka bô siong-sìn chéng-cho̍k sī 1 hāng kho-ha̍k sū-si̍t, in ê lí-iû sī ta̍k-ê kò-jîn kap kò-jîn pún-sin mā ū chiok toā ê cheng-chha tī leh, koh nā khoàⁿ bô-kâng chéng-cho̍k lāi-té ê lâng, mā thang hoat-hiān in ū bē-chió kiong-tông ê te̍k-cheng.\n\nHiān-chhú-sî chin chē kok-ka tī hoat-lu̍t-siōng pēng bô àn chéng-cho̍k lâi chhú bô-kâng ê tùi-thāi, bô hun sī toh-chi̍t-ê chéng-cho̍k ê jîn-bîn koân-lī lóng pêng-téng.\n\nSui-bóng toā-to-sò͘ ê kûn-thé lóng ē tùi in pún-sin kám-kak êng-kng, m̄-koh siong-sìn chéng-cho̍k-chú-gī, ē hō͘ lâng khì chau-that pa̍t-ê cho̍k-kûn, pau-koat pak-siah pa̍t-ê cho̍k-kûn ê koân-lī, koh-khah sī khì siong-hāi in ê sèⁿ-miā. Koè-khì, ū-ê kok-ka tō bat hō͘ chéng-cho̍k-chú-gī ê chèng-hú thóng-tī--koè, chhin-chhiūⁿ Nazi Tek-kok, Bîn-koân Ūn-tōng chìn-chêng ê Bí-kok, kap si̍t-hêng Keh-khui Chèng-chhek (*apartheid*) ê Lâm-hui. Tī thâu-chêng chiah-ê lē--ni̍h, chin chē lâng sit-khì chū-iû iah sèⁿ-miā ê khí-tī, kan-taⁿ sī in-ūi in ê chéng-cho̍k.\n\nChéng-cho̍k-chú-gī ê thoân-thé ū Ku Klux Klan (KKK), Nazi-tóng téng-téng.\n\n| | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nChèng-tī ì-sek-hêng-thài |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n* Bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī\n* Bîn-cho̍k pó-siú-chú-gī\n* Bîn-chú siā-hōe-chú-gī\n* Chéng-cho̍k-chú-gī\n* Chìn-pō͘-chú-gī\n* Chheⁿ-sek bû-chèng-hú-chú-gī\n* Chheⁿ-sek kang-hōe-chú-gī\n* Chū-iû-chú-gī\n* Chū-iû-lâng-chú-gī\n* Chū-iû-lâng siā-hōe-chú-gī\n* Chū-iû pó-siú-chú-gī\n* Fasci-chú-gī\n* Goân-lí-chú-gī\n* Hui-thóng-tī-chú-gī\n* Hui-thóng-tī kang-hōe-chú-gī\n* Hui-thóng-tī kiōng-sán-chú-gī\n* Hui-thóng-tī siā-hōe-chú-gī\n* Hu̍t-kàu siā-hōe-chú-gī\n* Islam-chú-gī\n* Islam goân-lí-chú-gī\n* Islam siā-hōe-chú-gī\n* Jîn-bûn pó-siú-chú-gī\n* Kái-hòng sîn-ha̍k\n* Kang-hōe-chú-gī\n* Khoân-kéng-chú-gī\n* Kiōng-sán-chú-gī\n* Kiōng-tông-thé-chú-gī\n* Ki-tok-kàu bîn-chú-chú-gī\n* Ki-tok-kàu kiōng-sán-chú-gī\n* Ki-tok-kàu siā-hōe-chú-gī\n* Kun-kok-chú-gī\n* Sè-kài-chú-gī\n* Seng-thài siā-hōe-chú-gī\n* Siā-hōe bîn-chú-chú-gī\n* Siā-hōe-chú-gī\n* Siā-hōe chū-iû-chú-gī\n* Pó-siú-chú-gī\n* Pó-siú chū-iû-chú-gī\n\n |\n| |\n| **Chèng-tī chú-tê** |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Chéng-cho̍k-chú-gī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[948,2982,0.317907444668008],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3537}} -{"text":"\n**Tsìng-tī ê jîn-sing** (hân-gú: 政治的人生), sī tsi̍t-pún Tiong-kiōng tē-19 kài tiong-iong tsing-ti-kio̍k siông-uí [en], hông tsàn-ū uî \"Tiong-lâm-hái siú-si̍k tì-lông [en]\" ê Ông Hóo-lîng sóo siá ê ji̍t-kì [en], tī 1995-nî iû Siōng-hái jîn-bîn tshut-pán-siā [en] tshut-pán. Tsit-pún ji̍t-kì, kì-lio̍k Ông Hóo-lîng ê kò-jîn sing-ua̍h, tsìng-tī lí-lūn gián-kiù, su-phîng kah iánn-sī tsok-phín sióng-sik; tuì sè-kài hām Tiong-kok, siā-huē būn-tê ê su-khó.\n\nTsū-sī\n------\n\nTuì it-puann ê to̍k-tsiá kî-thāi ê kuann-tiûnn tsìng-tī sing-ua̍h kái-tho̍k, su tiong pīng-bô siap-ki̍p tio̍h. Teh tsū-sū tang-tiong, Ông Hóo-lîng án-ne kái-sueh: \"Ē án-ne khí-miâ tsò \"Tsing-ti ê jîn-sing\" (政治的人生), pīng m̄-sī teh kóng tsi̍t-tsióng tsìng-tī ê king-li̍k. Tsū-án-ne, tio̍h-sī teh kóng, tsò tsi̍t-ê tsìng-tī ha̍k-tsiá, guá ê tuā-pōo-hūn sî-kan lóng iōng-lâi tsò guá-ê tsuan-gia̍p ha̍k-būn; kàu-kah, tsit-ê ha̍k-būn tsiàm-tio̍k guá tsua̍t tāi-pōo-hūn ê sing-bīng\" (之所以起名為 \"政治的人生\", 並非指一種政治的經歷, 而是說, 作為一名政治學的學者, 我的大部分時間均用來作我的專業學問了, 以至這一學問占據了我絕大部分的生命).\n\nLuē-iông\n--------\n\nTeh su tiong, to̍k-tsiá ē-tàng khui-sī Ông Hóo-lîngê kò-jîn sè-kài, kah hit ê sî-tāi ê siā-huē su-khó. Khang-khuè tsò-liáu tsiânn àm, Ông Hóo-lîng mā ài tsia̍h khong-sai-hū phàu-bīn tsí-iau. Siu--tio̍h Ji̍t-pún Kobe tāi-ha̍k [en] hóng-mn̄g iau-tshiánn, koh ài thiām tsi̍t-tui piau-tuann [en], tuann-lāi ê luē-iông iù-kàu \"tshoo-tiong tá-tsi̍t-kang pit-gia̍p\" ê piáu-keh, hōo Ông Hóo-lîng put-jiân kî-huân thòng-phue \"Piáu-keh tsú-gī\", tsuè-āu \"hā-tīng kuat-sim buâi-khì, tòng-bē-tiâu tsit-khuán hîng ê tiâu-tsa\". Ông Hóo-lîng sńg Tāi hù-ong (大富翁) ê iû-hì, bé-tē, tshá-kóo, tsuè-āu lóng su liáu-liáu. Pa̍t-lâng tshiánn Ông Hóo-lîng tsia̍h tsi̍t-tsiah 200 khoo ê tsîm-á hōo i suah-lâi kiann-tio̍h; Ông Hóo-lîng i siunn-tio̍h kan-khóo gín-á, koh su-khó bu̍t-kè kah hiān-si̍t ê khiàm-khuat lô-tsi̍p. Tsìng-tī lí-lūn hong-bīn, ji̍t-kì lāi-té Ông Hóo-lîng tsú-tiunn teh Tiong-kok tsit-khuánn ê tshiau tuā siā-huē; teh tsu-guân siong-tuì pîn-ha̍t ê tsîng-hóng hā, ing-kai tsi̍p-tiong li̍k-liōng thui-tsìn hiān-tāi-huà. M̄-kuh tsit-ê kuè-tîng, su-iàu thóng-it ê líng-tō kah hia̍p-tiau ê hi̍k-sim.Lî-tshiánn thóng-it tsè-tīng tsiàn-lio̍k hām tiâu-phuè li̍k-liōng, mā ū-huat-tōo lâi pó-tsìng kok-ka khiā-tī iú-lī ê kok-tsè tē-uī; ìng-tuì kok-tsè kìng-tsing, thui-tōng kok-ka ho̍k-hing.\n\nSu-tiong kì-lio̍k, Ông Hóo-lîng ê ua̍t-to̍k kah kuan-iánn tsiânn-tsē, tsiàm bē-tsió ê phian-hok. Put-tān ū Huat-kok ê \"Tsū-jiân kho-ha̍k\" (自然科學) tsa̍p-tsì, To̍k-su [zh] tsa̍p-tsì (讀書 (雜誌)) tíng-tíng kî-khan; mā ū \"So-thóo\" (騷土), \"Kiò-i̍k\" (媾疫), \"Thian-lia̍p\" (天獵), \"Tè-king\" (帝京) tíng-tíng siáu-suat; iah-koh ū \"Kū tsè-tōo kah Huat-kok tāi kik-bīng\" (舊制度與法國大革命)' \"Tsan Kok-huan\" (曾國藩) tíng-tíng su-tsi̍k. Tsheh lāi ū hián-sī , Ông Hóo-lîng teh tsi̍t-nî ê tsi-kan ū khuànn \"Kiann-too kì-sū\" (京都紀事), \"Ī-hîng 1\" (異形1), \"Óng-sū\" (往事), Huî-hiám kuan-hē [en] (危險關係), \"I̍k-sik hiat-àn\" (浴室血案), Í hū tsi bîng [en] (以父之名), \"Schindler ê bîng-tan [en]\" (辛德勒的名單) tíng-tíng 10 guā-pōo tiong-guā ê iánn-sī tsok-phín.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 3 \"媒体：王沪宁22年前的\"政治日记\"写了啥？\". *news.ifeng.com*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2018-03-13. 2018-03-13 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n2. ↑ \"为了忘却的记录 | 读王沪宁《政治的人生》(1994)\". *www.sohu.com*. 2017-10-25. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2018-03-17. 2018-03-17 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Í hū tsi bîng (tiān-iánn) [en] (以父之名)\n* Huî-hiám kuan-hē (sió-suat) [en] (危險關係)\n* Schindler ê bîng-tan [en] (辛德勒的名單/Schindler ê miâ-tuann)\n* Kobe tāi-ha̍k [en] (Kobe University)\n* pió-keh [en] (piau-tuann)\n* Ji̍t-kì [en]\n* Pîng- tsong su [en]\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 《政治的人生》本文 (Hàn-gí)\n* 长篇小说《媾疫》自序 (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Chèng-tī ê jîn-seng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[888,4043,0.21963888201830323],"infobox":["
    Tsìng-tī ê jîn-sing
    Chok-chiá\nÔng Hóo-lîng
    Original title\n政治的人生
    Kok-ka\nTiong-kok
    Gí-giân\nHân-gú:
    Tê-châi\nJi̍t-kì [en]
    Lūi-hêng\nTsū-tuān
    Chhut-pán-siā\nSiōng-hái jîn-bîn tshut-pán-siā [en]
    Chhut-pán ji̍t-chí
    		\n1995-1
    Mûi-thé\nTsuá-pún (pîng- tsong su [en])
    Chheh-ia̍h\n237
    ISBN\n9787208019409
    Bāng-chām\n政治的人生 (豆瓣读书)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4280}} -{"text":"**Hā-lā-pia̍t** (Hàn-jī: **嗄嘮別**; Basai-gú ia̍h Ketagalan-gú: **Halapei** ia̍h **Harabe**; Hôa-gí: *ālâubié*) sī Tâi-pak-chhī Pak-tâu-khu ê chi̍t ê tē-hō-miâ, ūi-tì hit ê khu ê se-lâm-pō͘, hoān-ûi chha-put-to pau-koat Kan-tāu-lí (關渡里), It-tek-lí (一德里), Thô-goân-lí (桃源里), Tiū-hiong-lí (稻香里), Hong-liân-lí (豐年里), Bûn-hòa-lí (文化里) se-pō͘ tōa-pō͘-hūn, Tì-lîn-lí (智仁里) se-pō͘, kap Siù-san-lí (秀山里) lâm-toan sè tè tē.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nHā-lā-pia̍t khiā-tū Tōa-tūn-soaⁿ lâm-khàm kap Tiong-gī-soaⁿ, Kan-tāu-soaⁿ tang-khàm. Chheng-kok sî-kî, pîⁿ-po͘-cho̍k tòa tū Chúi-bō-khiⁿ-khoe (水磨坑溪) ê sai-pêng, Hàn-lîn tòa tang-pêng. Chū khoe-thâu kàu khoe-bé lóng sī hoan-siā, hun-pia̍t sī Téng-siā, Tiong-siām, Ē-siā. Só͘-í Chúi-bō-khiⁿ-khoe mā kiò-chòe Hoan-á-kau (番仔溝). Téng-siā mā kiò-chòe Saⁿ-chân-khiā (三層崎), siā-chí tū taⁿ ê Kùi-á-khiⁿ (貴子坑) Chúi-thó͘ Pó-chhî Kàu-ha̍k Hn̂g-khu hù-kūn. Tiong-siā tū Tì-lîn-lí kap Kok-hông Tāi-ha̍k Ho̍k-heng-kong Hāu-khu pak-sì. Ē-siā ê siā-chí tū Hong-liân-lí Hô-pêng-lō͘ Jī-tōaⁿ í-sai, chia̍t-ūn lō͘-sòaⁿ nn̄g-pêng, ku-bîn sìⁿ Hô, Phoaⁿ ·ê khah chōe.\n\n### Le̍k-sú\n\nTē-hō-miâ sī tùi pîⁿ-po͘-cho̍k siā-miâ **Harabe** lâi ·ê, ì-sù sī \"iau kah mà-mà-háu\". Harabe-siā tū 17 sè-kí í-chêng, Pat-lí-hun-siā (八里坌社) khah ū sè-thâu ê sî, sī khiā tū kin-á-li̍t Sin-pak-chhī Pat-lí-khu ê Oat-á-bé (挖仔尾) hit-pêng. In-ūi hit-lō só͘-chāi óa hái, bô-hoat-tō͘ chèng sió-bí, āu-piah Koan-im-soaⁿ ê soaⁿ-pho-tē mā bô kái chōe iá-lo̍k thang-hó lia̍h, chng-lāi-lâng kan-na ē-tàng lia̍h-hî bóng kè-li̍t, bô pa̍t-hāng mi̍h-á thang chia̍h, siā-lāi ê gín-á pak-tó͘ iau, tiō tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ leh háu.\n\n1635 nî, Tōa-pat-lí-hun-siā (大八里坌社) hō͘ Au-chiu si̍t-bîn-chiá thó-hoa̍t, siā-lâng chiū-án-ni cháu khì Tām-chúi-hô tùi-hōaⁿ ê Kan-tāu tē-khu, ū chi̍t tīn lâng tū Tiong-gī-soaⁿ tang-khàm ê Tek-ûi-á kiàn-li̍p Sió-pat-lí-hun-siā (小八里坌社), lēng-gōa chi̍t tīn lâng cháu khì Tiong-gī-soaⁿ tang-khàm, tiō sī **Hā-lā-pia̍t-siā**.\n\nTâi-oân Chheng-kok boa̍t-kî kàu Jîn-pún Sî-tāi chiân-kî, Hā-lā-pia̍t tē-khu sī chi̍t ê ke-chng, kiò-chòe **Hā-lā-pia̍t-chng** (嗄嘮別庄 *Harape/Karōpe?*), lē-sio̍k tū Chi-lân-lī-pó (芝蘭二堡). Hit chng ê pak-pêng ū Sió-pat-lí-hun-chng (小八里坌庄)、Sió-phîⁿ-téng-chng (小坪頂庄), tang-pêng ū Téng-pak-tâu-chng (頂北投庄), Pak-tâu-chng, lâm-pêng Ke-lâng-hô tùi-hōaⁿ sī Tiong-chiu-po͘-chng (中洲埔庄), sai-pêng Tām-chúi-hô tùi-hōaⁿ sī Sêng-á-liâu-chng (成仔藔庄), Tōa-pat-lí-hun-chng (大八里坌庄).\n\n1901 nî 11 ge̍h, Hā-lā-pia̍t-chng lē-sio̍k tū Tâi-pak-thiaⁿ, pian-li̍p Tē-13 Khu. 1906 nî 1 ge̍h, Tē-13 Khu kái-miâ \"Pak-tâu-khu\". 1920 nî, kái-chò **Hā-lā-pia̍t** tōa-lī, lē-sio̍k tū Tâi-pak-chiu Chhit-chhiⁿ-kūn Pak-tâu-chng, tōa-lī ē-kha ū Hā-lā-pia̍t, Kan-tāu 2 ê sió-lī-miâ. 1940 nî Pak-tâu-chng seng-keh ûi Pak-tâu-koe.\n\n1945 nî, Pak-tâu-koe kái-chè ûi Pak-tâu-tīn, lē-sio̍k tū Tâi-pak-koāiⁿ. 1949 nî, Pak-táu-tìn kap Sū-lîm-tìn ha̍p-pèng chòe-hé, kái lē-sio̍k tū sin sêng-li̍p ê Chháu-soaⁿ Koán-lí-kio̍k. 1950 nî Chháu-soaⁿ kái-miâ Iûⁿ-bêng-soaⁿ, Chháu-soaⁿ Koán-lí-kio̍k mā kái-miâ chòe Iûⁿ-bêng-soaⁿ Koan-lí-kio̍k, Hā-lā-pia̍t kap Pak-tâu-tìn oân-á lē-sio̍k tū i ē-kha. 1968 nî 7 ge̍h, Tâi-pak-chhī kái-chè chòe īⁿ-hat-chhī, Pak-tâu-tìn hŏng pèng-ha̍p ·li̍p-khì, chiâⁿ-chòe Pak-tâu-khu. 1990 nî 3 ge̍h, Tâi-pak-chhī khu-e̍k tiông-ōe, Hā-lā-pia̍t oân-á sio̍k-û Pak-tâu-khu.\n\nKau-thong\n---------\n\n### Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn\n\n* Tām-chúi Sìn-gī Sòaⁿ\n\t+ Ho̍k-heng-kong Chām\n\t+ Tiong-gī Chām\n\t+ Kan-tāu Chām\n\n### Kong-lō͘\n\n* TW PHW2b.svg Tâi-2-it-sòaⁿ (Tiong-iong-pak-lō͘ 3-tōaⁿ, 4-tōaⁿ)\n* Chiu-bí Khoài-sok Tō-lō͘\n* Khoân-hô Lâm-pak Khoài-sok Tō-lō͘\n\nChong-kàu\n---------\n\n* Hoàn-á-chhú Pó-te̍k-kiong (Ông-iâ biō）\n\nPī-chù\n------\n\n1. **^** Ū chiok chōe chu-liāu lóng sī siá \"牛磨坑溪\". Chóng-·sī, lán kan-na chhē ū \"水磨坑溪\", chhē bô \"牛磨坑溪\". Khó-lêng sī hia-ê chu-liāu siá m̄-tio̍h ·ah.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. 1 2 3 4 \"嘎嘮別部落【Halapei 嘎嘮別】\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 原住民族委員會. 2015. 2022-08-0 khòaⁿ--ê. .\n2. ↑ 臺灣總督府 (1904). \"臺灣堡圖\". *臺灣百年歷史地圖* (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí). 中央研究院地理資訊科學研究專題中心. 2022-08-09 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"《臺北市沿革 1901-2010》，地圖會說話網站\". Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2016-08-16. 2016-07-25 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ 內政部國土繪測中心 (1985). \"二萬五千分之一經建版地形圖(第一版)\". *臺灣百年歷史地圖* (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí). 中央研究院地理資訊科學研究專題中心. 2022-08-09 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Hā-lā-pia̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[867,4293,0.20195667365478687],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4967}} -{"text":"Tân Têng-pho ê siòng-phìⁿ/liap-iáⁿ, nî-tāi put-siông\n**Tân Têng-pho** (1895 nî 2 go̍eh 2 ji̍t - 1947 nî 3 go̍eh 25 ji̍t), Tâi-oân ū-miâ ê ōe-ka. 1926 nî í chi̍t-pak *Ka-gī ke gōa* ê ōe-chok, ji̍p-soán tē-chhit-kài Ji̍t-pún \"Tè-kok Bí-su̍t Tián-lám-hōe\" (kán-chheng \"Tè-tián\"); che sī Tâi-oân-lâng tē-it-pái í se-iûⁿ-ōe chìn-ji̍p Ji̍t-pún ê koaⁿ-hong tián-lám. Āu--lâi, iū-koh ji̍p-sóan Tè-tián kap kî-thaⁿ ê tián-lám kúi-lō-pái. 1947 nî Jī-jī-pat sū-kiāⁿ po̍k-hoat liáu-āu, Tân Têng-pho tāi-piáu Ka-gī-chhī Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ Chhú-lí Úi-goân-hōe, chiân-óng Chúi-siōng ki-tiûⁿ chìn-hêng hia̍p-siong, soah tī-leh 3 go̍eh 25 ji̍t hit-kang, hō· Kok-bîn-tóng ê kun-tūi chhèng-sat sī-chiòng, hiáng-nî 52 hòe.\n\nChá-nî ê sū-chek\n----------------\n\nTân Têng-pho chhut-sì tī Ka-gī, bó-chhin chin chá tio̍h kòe-sin, lāu-pē Tân Siú-gû sī Chheng-tiâu ê siù-châi, tī-leh hàn-o̍h-á kà-chheh. Tân Têng-pho sī hō· a-má chhōa-tōa-hàn--ê, in-ūi ka-kéng sàn-chhiah, só·-í seng khì hàn-o̍h-á tha̍k hàn-bûn, 13 hòe ê sî chiah ji̍p-khì kong-ha̍k-hāu tha̍k-chheh. Āu--lâi iū-koh khì Tâi-pak ê Tâi-oân chóng-tok-hú kok-gí ha̍k-hāu chiū-ha̍k. Ùi Tân Têng-pho lâu--lo̍h-lâi ê ji̍t-kì tang-tiong, ē-sái khòaⁿ chhut i chū sè-hàn tio̍h ū \"li̍p tāi-chì, chò tāi-sū\" ê khì-tô·-sim. Tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê Tâi-oân, ōe-ka tit-tio̍h iú-sú í-lâi siōng koân ê tē-ūi kap kong-êng. Hit-tong-sî ji̍p-sóan Tè-tián lóng ē chiâⁿ-chò pò-chóa ê thâu-pán, ōe-tô· piàn-sêng sī Tâi-oân-lâng chhut-thâu-thiⁿ siōng-hó ê hong-sek. In-ūi án-ne, Tân Têng-pho ê lí-sióng tio̍h-sī chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t-ê ōe-ka.\n\nTī-leh Tân Têng-pho ji̍p-khì Tâi-pak kok-gí ha̍k-hāu ê thâu-chi̍t-nî, ū-miâ ê chúi-chhái ōe-ka Chio̍k-chhoan Khim-it-lông iáu-koh tī-leh chit keng ha̍k-hāu kiam-khò kà-chheh. Tân Têng-pho iā in-ūi án-ne, bat chiap-siū Chio̍k-chhoan ê chí-tō, ha̍k-si̍p ki-pún ê siá-seng kap chúi-chhái ki-khiáu. Tân Têng-pho chāi pi̍t-gia̍p liáu-āu, tò-tńg-khì kò͘-hiong kà-chheh, mā bat chhōa ha̍k-seng khì kau-gōa siá-seng.\n\n1924 nî, Tân Têng-pho í chiong-kīn 30 hòe ê ko-lêng, khó-chhú hit-tiong-sî ōe-ka ê sèng-tiān \"Tang-kiaⁿ bí-su̍t ha̍k-hāu\", chìn-ji̍p tô·-ōe su-hōan-kho, sī chá-kî liû-ha̍k Ji̍t-pún ê Tâi-oân ha̍k-seng chi-it. 1926 nî, i í *Ka-gī ke gōa* thâu-chi̍t-pái ji̍p-sóan Ji̍t-pún tē-chhit-kài \"Tè-kok bí-su̍t tián-lám-hōe\", sī Tâi-oân í iû-ōe ji̍p-sóan chit-ê tián-lám ê tē-it-jîn. Ōe-tô· sī i ê sèⁿ-miā, i bat kóng--kòe, \"Chi̍t-ê í bí-su̍t chhòng-chok ûi kí-jīm ê lâng, nā bē-tàng ūi-tio̍h bí-su̍t jî seng, ūi-tio̍h bí-su̍t jî sú, kám iáu-koh ē-tàng sǹg sī chi̍t-ê gē-su̍t-ka neh?\". I chi̍t-sì-lâng siōng chông-pài ê gē-su̍t-ka tio̍h-sī Bān-gó·(Eng: Vincent van Gogh), chhù--nih nn̄g pún kap Bān-gó· iú-koan ê tōan-kì kap su-sìn-chi̍p, hō· i iōng âng-pit ōe kòe chi̍t-pái koh chi̍t-pái.\n\nTī Siōng-hái kap Tâi-oân\n------------------------\n\n1929 nî tùi Tang-kiaⁿ Bí-su̍t Ha̍k-hāu pi̍t-gia̍p liáu-āu, Tân Têng-pho tio̍h hông phèng-chhiáⁿ khì Siōng-hái , tam-jīm Sin-hôa Gē-choan se-iûⁿ-ōe-hē ê kàu-siū kiam hē-chú-jīm, lēng-gōa iā tam-jīm Chhiong-bêng Gē-choan gē-kàu-kho kàu-siū kap se-iûⁿ-ōe-kho chú-jīm. Hit-tong-sî tú-hó tn̄g-tio̍h Siōng-hái kí-pān tē-1-kài ê choân-kok bí-su̍t tián-lám-hōe, Tân Têng-pho chiap-siū phèng-chhiáⁿ, tam-jīm se-iûⁿ-ōe ê phêng-sím. Tī Siōng-hái ê chit-tōaⁿ sî-kan, Tân Têng-pho tùi Tiong-kok tô·-ōe ū liáu kēng-ka chhim-ji̍p ê chiap-sio̍k kap jīn-bat. I siōng-kài kah-ì Gê Ûn-lîm kap Pat-tāi-san-jîn ê ōe-chok.\n\n1933 nî 6 go̍eh, Siōng-hái kio̍k-sè chin bô ún-tēng, Tân Têng-pho kui-ke-hóe-á chí-hó pōaⁿ tńg-lâi Tâi-oân. Tī tńg-lâi Ka-gī kò·-hiong ê sî, Tân Têng-pho í-keng tit-beh 40 hòe loh. Put-jî-kò, tī hiong-bîn ê sim-bo̍k tiong, i iû-goân ū bûn-hòa eng-hiông ê sek-chhái. Tò-tńg-lâi Tâi-oân liáu-āu, Tân Têng-pho tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kā Ka-gī tòng-chòe ōe-chok ê chú-tê, jî-chhiáⁿ ōe-tô· ê hong-keh mā ū put-chí-á tōa ê piàn-hòa.　In-ūi chiap-sio̍k se-iûⁿ-ōe ê sî-kan pí-kàu khah oàⁿ, m̄̄-koán sī chú-koan ê piáu-hiān ì-sek iā-hó, kiông-lia̍t ê hiong-thó· sek-chhái iā-hó, Tân Têng-pho chá-nî tī Tâi-oân ka-tī tùi bí-su̍t o·-àm-bong só· lâu--lo̍h-lâi ê éng-hióng, it-ti̍t lóng m̄-bat bô--khì. Hôe kàu kò·-hiong liáu-aū, Tân Têng-pho ê ōe-chok hong-keh ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á ún-tēng--lo̍h-lâi, iā bān-bān-á kàu-hun--khí-lâi.\n\nBí-su̍t sêng-chiū\n-----------------\n\nTân Têng-pho m̄-nā í *Ka-gī ke gōa* ji̍p-soán Ji̍t-pún tē-chhit-kài Tè-tián, ji̍t-āu mā kúi-lō-pái ji̍p-soán Hoâi-chhūi-siā-tián, Chhun-iông-tián, Tâi-tián, Tâi-iông-tián, Hú-tián téng-téng ê tián-lám. I koh chō͘-chit Chhit-seng ōe-toâⁿ, Chhiah-tó-siā, Tâi-iông bí-su̍t hia̍p-hōe téng-téng ê tiōng-iàu ê bí-su̍t thoân-thé. Ē-sái kóng i ê ōe-chok sêng-chūi, kap thui-sak Tâi-oân gē-su̍t bûn-hòa ê kong-lô sī put-chí-á tōe ê.\n\nJī-jī-pat sū-kiāⁿ\n-----------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nTî-tò ê êng-iāu\n---------------\n\nTân Têng-pho chheⁿ-si-sí liáu-āu, kap i kau-chêng chin chhim ê ha̍k-seng Au-iûⁿ Bûn mā tī 1949 nî pe̍h-sek khióng-pò· hō͘ lâng lia̍h-khì.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Chen Cheng-po*** |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 16084447\n* LCCN: n81008703\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 6335 3023\n* GND: 1089585624\n* BNF: cb13573758v (data)\n* NLA: 36603233\n* NDL: 001184177\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tân Têng-pho","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[203,5107,0.03974936361856276],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6095}} -{"text":"Tân Uí-ûn\n**Tân Uí-ûn** (Hàn-jī: **陳偉殷**; 1985/7/21-) sī Tâi-uân Iá-kiû ūn-tōng-uân, tī Ko-hiông-tshī (高雄市) tshut-sì, Tâi-uân-lâng (台灣人). Kok-li̍p thé-io̍k tāi-ha̍k (國立體育大學) pit-gia̍p. I ê motto sī \"Isshōkenmei (一生懸命, いっしょうけんめい)\". Tâi-uân muî-thé tiānn-tiānn kiò i \"**Ûn-a**\" (殷仔), in-uī \"殷\" tsit jī ê Huâ-gí huat-im kah Bân-lâm-gí ê \"**gín-á**\" (囡仔) tsin sio-siāng; līng-guā, i mā hōo lâng kiò-tsò \"**Tâi-uân ing-hiông**\" (台灣英雄, \"殷\" kah \"英\" tī Huâ-gí huat-im tsiânn sîng).\n\nTân Uí-ûn khah-tsá tī NPB Tiong-ji̍t Dragon (中日ドラゴンズ) tsò tâu-tshiú, bái-tshiú, 2009 nî I sī NPB Tiong-iong liân-bîng ê hông-gū-lu̍t ông, I āu--lâi suá khì Bí-kok, tsit-má tsuán tī-leh MLB ê Baltimore Orioles. I sī uì Ji̍t-pún sîng-kong tsuán khì Bí-kok ê thâu tsi̍t uī Tâi-uân tâu-tshiú. 2012 nî, i sī Orioles tsuân tuī thê tio̍h siōng tsē sìng-lī ê tâu-tshiú (12 sìng), khiā tsāi sian-huat tâu-tshiú ê siú-pī uī-tì.\n\nKì-lo̍k\n-------\n\n### NPB\n\n| | Kiû-thuân | | | Sian-huat| | Uân-tâu| | Uân-hong| | | | | Kiù-uān| | Tiong-kè| | | | | an-tánn| | Homerun| | | thiau-kang pó-sàng| | | Sanshin| | | | | | | WHIP |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2005 | Tiong-ji̍t Dragon | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ---- | 92 | 19.1 | 29 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 2 | 0 | 17 | 13 | 6.05 | 1.81 |\n| 2008 | 39 | 14 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 12 | .538 | 474 | 114.2 | 101 | 7 | 33 | 0 | 5 | 107 | 5 | 0 | 40 | 37 | 2.90 | 1.17 |\n| 2009 | 24 | 23 | 5 | **4** | 2 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | .667 | 644 | 164.0 | 113 | 10 | 40 | 0 | 3 | 146 | 2 | 0 | 32 | 28 | **1.54** | **0.93** |\n| 2010 | 29 | 27 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 10 | 0 | 1 | .565 | 773 | 188.0 | 166 | 21 | 49 | 2 | 8 | 153 | 5 | 0 | 63 | 60 | 2.87 | 1.14 |\n| 2011 | 25 | 24 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 0 | 0 | .444 | 659 | 164.2 | 138 | 9 | 31 | 2 | 5 | 94 | 2 | 0 | 57 | 49 | 2.68 | 1.03 |\n| Lóng-tsóng | 127 | 89 | 13 | 8 | 4 | 36 | 30 | 1 | 14 | .545 | 2642 | 650.2 | 547 | 50 | 159 | 4 | 21 | 520 | 16 | 0 | 209 | 187 | 2.59 | 1.09 |\n\n### MLB\n\nSu-hā Sing-ua̍h\n---------------\n\nTân Uí-ûn, 2012/5/10.\n* Tân Uí-ûn tī 2009 nî kiat-hun, in bóo Tshuà Ì-bûn (蔡意雯) sī siōng-pan tsia̍h-thâu-lōo ê.\n\nGuā-pōo\n-------\n\n* Tân Uí-ûn tī Facebook ê ia̍h-bīn.","meta":{"title":"Tân Úi-ûn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[572,1506,0.3798140770252324],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2461}} -{"text":"**Tân Éng-hôa** ê sîn-siōng.\n**Tân Éng-hôa** (Hàn-jī: 陳永華; 1634 nî  – 1680 nî ), sī Tâi-oân Tang-lêng Ông-tiâu ê bûn-bú tāi-sîn, pió-jī **Ho̍k-hú** (復甫), sè-hō **Bûn-chèng** (文正). \n\nTân Éng-hôa tī Ē-mn̂g chhut-sì, in lāu-pē sī Tiong-kok Bêng-tiâu ê kí-jîn Tân Téng (陳鼎). Tân Éng-hôa 15 hòe ê sî-chūn, in lāu-pē tam-jīm Tâng-oaⁿ-koān ê kàu-jū, āu-lâi khì hō Chheng-tiâu kun-tūi sat-hāi. Tī i 23 hòe ê sî-chūn, Tēⁿ Sêng-kong tī Ē-mn̂g kiàn-li̍p chèng-koân. 1656 nî, Tân Éng-hôa keng-iû peng-pō͘ sī-nn̂g Ông Tiong-hàu ê kài-siāu, chiâⁿ-choè Tēⁿ Sêng-kong ê kun-su, siū-hong **Chu-gī chham-kun** (諮議參軍), Tēⁿ Sêng-kong koh o-ló i \"*Ho̍k-hú nái kim chi Gō͘-liông*\" (復甫乃今之臥龍).\n\nTân Éng-hôa ê hu-jîn sī Âng Siok-cheng (洪淑貞); tī Tâi-oân le̍k-sú sīong, in ê kiáⁿ-jî lóng chin ū miâ-siaⁿ. Tân Éng-hôa tē-2 ê hāu-siⁿ Tân Bōng-kiû (陳夢球) sī Tâi-oân Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi ê tē-it ūi chìn-sū, cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ sī Tang-lêng kàm-kok sè-chú Tēⁿ Khek-chong ê chèng-sek -- Sè-chú-hui Tân--sī (世子妃陳氏).\n\nĀu-sì iâu-thoân Tân Éng-hôa chiū-sī Thian-tē-hōe ê chhòng-li̍p-chiá **Tân Kīn-lâm** (陳進南), tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ tām hiān-tāi ê bú-hia̍p sió-soat tang-tiong chhut-hiān.","meta":{"title":"Tân Éng-hôa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1110,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1306}} -{"text":"Tân Tiong-hô\n**Tân Tiong-hô** (陳忠和), Hok-kiàn-séng Chiang-chiu Liông-hái lâng, 1957 nî 10 ge̍h 2 hō chhut-sì, hiān-jīm **Tiong-kok Kok-ka Lú-chú Pâi-kiû-tūi** chú-kàu-liān.\n\nKeng-le̍k\n---------\n\n* 1976 nî, Hok-kiàn Lâm-chú Pâi-kiû-tūi tūi-ôan.\n* 1979 nî, tī Kok-ka Lú-chú Pâi-kiû-tūi tam-jīm phôe-liān kàu-liān.\n* 1986 nî, tam-jīm Hok-kiàn Lú-chú Pâi-kiû-tūi kàu-liān. Sêng-chek sī : Chôan-kok Lú-pâi Kah-kip Liân-sài tē-3-miâ, Tē-6-kài Chôan-kok Ūn-tōng-hōe kòan-kun.\n* 1989 nî, tam-jīm Kok-ka Lú-pâi chō·-lí kàu-liān, hia̍p-chō· chú-kàu-liān **Ô· Chìn**.\n* 1993 nî, Hok-kiàn Lú-pâi chú-kàu-liān, chhōan-niá Hok-kiàn Lú-pâi àn kah-B seng-kip kàu kah-A\n* 1995 nî, tò-tńg-khì Kok-ka Lú-pâi, hia̍p-chō· chú-kàu-liān **Lông Pêng**.\n* 1999 nî, hia̍p-chō· chú-kàu-liān **Ô· Chìn**, pang-chō· Kok-ka Lú-pâi iâⁿ-tit Tē-10-kài A-chiu Lú-pâi Kím-phiau-sài kòan-kun, Te-8-kài Sè-kài Lú-pâi-sài tē-5-miâ, Te-27-kài Ò-ūn-hōe te-5-miâ.\n* 2001 nî nî-thâu, koh-1-pái chìn-ji̍p Kok-ka Lú-chú Pâi-kiû-tūi, chhut-jīm chú-kàu-liān ê chit-bū.\n* 2004 nî 8 ge̍h 28 hō, chhōa-niá Kok-ka Lú-pâi theh-tio̍h Tē-28-kài Ò-ūn-hōe lú-pâi pí-sài ê kim-pâi.\n\nPhêng-lūn\n---------\n\nTân Tiong-hô tī Tiong-kok Lú-pâi kang-chok 20-gōa-nî, i sèng-chêng un-hô, chò-lâng tiong-hō· kó·-ì, chò tāi-chì kut-la̍t koh tiám-tîn. Tân--sian tī 2001 nî chèng-sek chiūⁿ-jīm Kok-ka Lú-pâi chú-kàu-liān ê sî, gōa-kài tùi i ê phêng-kè sī \"1-ê chin sè-jī ê lâng \", chin chōe lâng kóng i chit-chióng un-hô ê kò-sèng bô sek-ha̍h chò chú-kàu-liān. Put-jī-kò, Tân--sian khiok-sī bô tông-ì pa̍t-lâng tùi i ê phêng-kè, i kóng ka-tī \"m̄-sī 1-ê un-hô ê lâng, kāng-kóan ū chin khut-kiông ê kò-sèng kah phek-le̍k \". Sū-si̍t chèng-bêng Tân--sian kóng liáu bô-m̄-tio̍h, chêng i hōaⁿ-ke liáu-āu, Kok-ka Lú-pâi sio-liân-sòa iâⁿ-tit chin chōe sè-kài-kip pí-sài ê kòan-kun. Chòe-kīn Tī Hi-lia̍p Ngá-tián-chhī kú-pàn ê Tē-28-kài Ò-ūn-hōe, Tân Tiong-hô chhōa-tio̍h i ê Kok-ka Lú-pâi tē-chú, **kòe-ngó·-koan, chám-lio̍k-chiòng**, chòe-āu iâⁿ-tit kim-pâi.","meta":{"title":"Tân Tiong-hô (pâi-kiû kàu-liān)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[904,1915,0.4720626631853786],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2242}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Thong-thò Hái-ang |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| | Kap lâng phēng toā-sè |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Mammalia |\n| A-kong: | Eutheria |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Cetacea |\n| A-bo̍k: | Mysticeti |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Balaenoptiidae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Balaenoptera* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***B. physalus*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Balaenoptera physalus***(Linnaeus, 1758) |\n|\n|\n|\n| Thong-thò Hái-ang hun-pò͘ tô͘ |\n\n**Thong-thò Hái-ang** (mā hō-chò **Tn̂g-chhiu-keng** 長鬚鯨, **Chit-kî-keng** 脊鰭鯨) sī 1 chióng chhiu-si̍t-keng. Kan-taⁿ Khóng-sek Hái-ang pí i khah toā, khah tāng. Siû-chúi ê sok-tō͘ te̍k-pia̍t kín, ē-tit kàu 1 tiám-cheng 37 kong-lí. Chú-iàu te̍k-cheng sī i ê ē-táu ê sek-chúi chó-iū bô tùi, chiàⁿ-chhiú-pêng sī chhián-sek--ê, tò-chhiú-pêng àm-sek.\n\nThong sè-kài ê toā-iûⁿ to ū, chóng--sī khah kah-ì toà un-tāi kap hân-tāi.\n\n \n\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Balaenoptera physalus*** |","meta":{"title":"Thong-thò Hái-ang","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[344,758,0.45382585751978893],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1135}} -{"text":"\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Pún-chiuⁿ sī sio̍k-î **Ki-tok-kàu** hē-lia̍t ê chi̍t-ê pō·-hūn |\n| |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu Le̍k-sú**\nIâ-so͘ Ki-tok\nCha̍p-jī ê Sù-tô·\nTong-hong Kéng-Kàu\nTang-sai Kàu-hōe ê hun-lia̍t\nSi̍p-jī-kun ê Tang-cheng\nChong-kàu ê Kái-kek |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Sîn-ha̍k**\nKi-tok-kàu ê Chông-pài \nIn-tián · Kiù-in \nSan-siōng ê Kàu-hùn \nSi̍t-chāi ê hok-khì\nChú ê Kî-tó-bûn\nCha̍p-tiâu-kài\nSèng-lêng\nTháu-pa̍k sîn-ha̍k\n**Ki-tok-kàu ê Lé-chiat**\nSé-lé\nSèng-chhan-lé |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Sèng-keng**\nKū-iok Sèng-keng\nSin-iok Sèng-keng\nÂng-phoê Sèng-keng |\n| Ki-tok-kàu ê Cheh-ji̍t\nSèng-tàn-cheh\nSèng-tàn Ló-jîn\nKoh-oa̍h-cheh |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Kàu-phài**\nTang-chèng-kàu\nThian-chú-kàu\nIâ-so·-hōe\nTō-bêng-hōe\nKi-tok-sin-kàu\nBí-kok Kong-lí-hōe\nBí-kok Kui-chèng Kàu-hōe\nEng-kok Kok-kàu\nAn-hioh-ji̍t Hōe\nTâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hoē\nGō·-sûn-chat Kàu-phài\nSù-tô·-sìn-sim-hoē \nSîn-tiàu-hōe\nSîn ê Kàu-hoē\nChin Iâ-so· Kàu-hōe\n**Siū chèng-thóng kàu-hōe kheh-che̍h**\nIâ-hô-hoa Kiàn-chèng-jîn\nIâ-so· Ki-tok Āu-kî Sèng-tô· Kàu-hōe\nSin-iok Kàu-hōe\nThóng-it Kàu-hōe |\n\nMá-thài Hok-im tē gō·-chiuⁿ kàu tē chhit-chiuⁿ, sī chú Iâ-so· tī San-siōng só·-ūi kóng ê tiⁿ-kùi ê chi̍p-kím, hí-ài chit-phiⁿ pó-hùn ê lâng chheng-ho· ûi \"**San-siōng ê Kàu-hùn**\". Chit-ê kàu-hùn siú-sian thê-kàu Si̍t-chāi ê hok-khì. Iâ-so· í-ki̍p sī iōng kán-kiat kah ū-la̍t ê giân-sû, bêng-khak seng-tōng ê pí-jū-kóng, kàu-hùn goán koan-î giân-hêng ê tō-lí, kò·-sêng San-siōng ê Kàu-hùn cheng-chhái chi̍t-ê hāng-bo̍k.\n\nGiân-lūn Chhú-sè\n----------------\n\n### Iâm kap Kng\n\n* Iâm ê kong-lêng: Chok-ûi Tiâu-bī-liāu, hông-hù-che, nńg-hòa.\n\n\"lín sī chhin-chhiūⁿ sè-kan-lâng ê iâm. Iâm nā sit-bī, boeh àn-chóaⁿ koh hō· i ū kiâm-bī. Sit-khì hāu-lêng ê iâm í-keng bô lō·-ēng ā, chí-ū hiat chhut-khì gōa-bīn, hō· lâng ta̍h-lâi ta̍h-khì nā-tiāⁿ.\" \n\n* Kng ê kong-iōng: \"Lín sī chhin-chhiūⁿ sè-kan ê kng. Kiàn-siat tī soaⁿ-téng ê siâⁿ-chhī bē-tàng am-khàm\".\n\n### Koan-hē Lu̍t-hoat ê kàu-hùn\n\n\"M̄-thang siūⁿ kóng Góa lâi ê bo̍k-tek sī boeh hòe-tiāu Mô·-se ê Lu̍t-hoat í-ki̍p tāi-giân-jîn ê kà-sī. Góa m̄-sī boeh lâi hòe-tiāu, sī boeh lâi sêng-chôan.\nGóa si̍t-chāi kā lín kóng, chiū-sī kàu thiⁿ-tē bia̍t-bông, it-ti̍t kàu ta̍t-sêng Lu̍t-hoat ê bo̍k-tek ûi-chí, Lu̍t-hoat ê chi̍t-tiám chi̍t-o̍eh iā bē siau-sit khì.\nSui-jiân sī kài-bēng tiong siōng-sè ê chi̍t tiâu, lâng nā khì hōan-tio̍h, iū-koh kà pa̍t-lâng iā án-ne khì hōan, i tī Thian-kok chiū ē sǹg-chò sī siōng sè ê. Tān-sī lâng nā si̍t-hêng kài-bēng, iū-koh kà lâng iā án-ne khì si̍t-hêng, i tī Thian-kok chiū ē sǹg-chò sī siōng úi-tāi ê.\nGóa kā lín kóng, lín nā bô pí keng-ha̍k-chiá kap Hoat-lī-sài-phài ê lâng khah tiong-si̍t lâi chun-hêng Siōng-chú só· iau-kiû ê, lín it-tēng bē-tàng chìn-ji̍p Thian-kok.\"\n\n### Koan-hē siū-khì ê kàu-hùn\n\n\"Lín bat thiaⁿ-kìⁿ Lu̍t-hoat kàu-hùn kó·-chá lâng kóng, ‘M̄-thang thâi-sí lâng. Nā thâi-sí lâng it-tēng tio̍h siū sím-phòaⁿ.’\nTān-sī Góa kā lín kóng: tùi ka-tī ê hiaⁿ-tī siū-khì ê lâng, it-tēng tio̍h siū sím-phòaⁿ; mē ka-tī ê hiaⁿ-tī ‘pn̄g-tháng’ ê lâng, it-tēng tio̍h siū Kong-gī-hōe tēng-chōe; mē i ê hiaⁿ-tī ‘gōan-tai’ ê lâng, it-tēng tio̍h siū tē-ga̍k ê hóe-hêng.\nSó·-í lí khì chè-tôaⁿ chêng boeh hiàn chè-phín ê sî, nā siūⁿ-khí lí ê hiaⁿ-tī tùi lí ū phāu sím-mih hóan-kám,\nlí tio̍h chiong chè-phín pàng tòa chè-tôaⁿ-chêng, tāi-seng khì kap lí ê hiaⁿ-tī hô-hó, jiân-āu chiah koh tńg-lâi hiàn lí ê chè-phín.\" \n\"Nā ū lâng khòng-kò lí, boeh thao lí khì hoat-têng, iáu tī lō·-ni̍h ê sî, tio̍h thàn-chá kap i hô-kái; nā bô, khòng-kò lí ê lâng ē chiong lí kau hō· hoat-kèng, lí chiū ē hō· lâng koaiⁿ-lo̍h kaⁿ-ga̍k.\nGóa si̍t-chāi kā lí kóng, chòe-āu ê chi̍t sián-chîⁿ lí nā bô kiáu kah chheng-chhó, lí it-tēng bē-tàng tùi hia chhut-lâi.\" \n\n### Koan-hē kan-im ê kàu-hùn\n\n\"Lín bat thiaⁿ-kìⁿ Lu̍t-hoat kàu-hùn lâng kóng, ‘M̄-thang hōan kan-îm.’\nTān-sī Góa kā lín kóng: nā ū lâng phāu siâ-io̍k lâi khòaⁿ hū-jîn-lâng, i tī sim-lāi í-keng kap i hōan kan-îm ā.\nLí ê chiàⁿ-ba̍k nā ín-iú lí hōan-chōe, lí tio̍h kā i ó· chhut-lâi tàn hiat-ka̍k! Sit-khì lí seng-khu ê chi̍t pō·-hūn, pí lí kui seng-khu hó-hó lo̍h tē-ga̍k koh-khah iâⁿ.\nLí ê chiàⁿ-chhiú nā ín-iú lí hōan-chōe, lí tio̍h kā i chām khí-lâi tàn hiat-ka̍k! Sit-khì lí seng-khu ê chi̍t pō·-hūn, pí lí kui seng-khu hó-hó lo̍h tē-ga̍k koh-khah iâⁿ.\" \n\n### Koan-hē lī-hun ê kàu-hùn\n\n\"Lu̍t-hoat ê kàu-hùn iū-koh kóng, ‘Nā ū lâng boeh kap i ê bó· lī-hun, tio̍h lī-hun chèng-su hō· i.’\nTān-sī Góa kā lín kóng: lâng nā m̄-sī in-ūi i ê bó· kap lâng su-thong lâi kā i lī-hun, chit ê hū-jîn-lâng nā koh kè, i chiū-sī hāi chit ê hū-jîn-lâng hōan-kan-îm; nā ū lâng kap chit ê hū-jîn-lâng kiat-hun iā sī hōan kan-îm.\" \n\n### Koan-hē chiù-chōa ê kàu-hùn\n\n\"Lín iā bat thiaⁿ-kìⁿ Lu̍t-hoat kàu-hùn kó·-chá-lâng kóng, ‘M̄-thang ûi-pōe sè-gōan. Lí tī Siōng-chú ê bīn-chêng só· li̍p ê sè-gōan it-tēng tio̍h si̍t-hêng.’\nTān-sī Góa kā lín kóng: lóng m̄-thang chiù-chōa; m̄-thang kí thiⁿ lâi chiù-chōa, in-ūi thiⁿ sī Siōng-chú ê pó-chō;\niā m̄-thang kí tē lâi chiù-chōa, in-ūi tē sī Siōng-chú ê kha-tiām; iā m̄-thang kí Iâ-lō·-sat-léng lâi chiù-chōa, in-ūi Iâ-lō·-sat-léng sī tōa kun-ông ê kiaⁿ-siâⁿ.\nIā m̄-thang kí lí ê thâu-khak lâi chiù-chōa, in-ūi lí bē-tàng hō· chi̍t ki thâu-mn̂g piàn-chò pe̍h ê, á-sī piàn-chò o· ê.\nLín kóng-ōe eng-kai ‘Sī’ chiū kóng ‘Sī’, ‘M̄-sī’ chiū kóng ‘M̄-sī’. Nā-sī ke kóng ê, lín só· kóng ê sī tùi Mô·-kúi chhut-lâi ê.\" \n\n### Koan-hē pò-ho̍k ê kàu-hùn\n\n\"Lín iā bat thiaⁿ-kìⁿ Lu̍t-hoat ê kàu-hùn kóng, ‘Í gán hôan gán, í gê hôan gê.’\nTān-sī Góa kā lín kóng: m̄-thang ‘Í ok pò ok.’ Nā ū lâng siàn lí chiàⁿ-pêng ê chhùi-phé, tio̍h o̍at tò-pêng ê chhùi-phé hō· i siàn.\nNā ū lâng khòng-kò lí, boeh ài lí ê lāi-saⁿ, liân gōa-saⁿ iā tio̍h thǹg hō· i.\nNā ū lâng kiông-pek lí giâ i ê hêng-lí kiâⁿ chi̍t lí lō·, tio̍h kap i kiâⁿ nn̄g lí lō·.\nNā ū lâng tùi lí kiû sím-mih, tio̍h hō· i; nā ū lâng boeh kā lí chioh sím-mih, m̄-thang kā i the-sî.\" \n\n### Ài te̍k-jîn\n\n\"Lín iā bat thiaⁿ-kìⁿ Lu̍t-hoat ê kàu-hùn kóng, ‘Tio̍h ài lí ê lîn-jîn, òan-hūn lí ê te̍k-jîn.’ Lín nā án-ne chò, lín chiū ē chiâⁿ-chò Thian-hū ê kiáⁿ-jî, in-ūi I hō· I ê ji̍t-thâu chhut-lâi chiò hó-lâng, iā chiò pháiⁿ-lâng, pêⁿ-pêⁿ ūi-tio̍h kong-gī kap put-gī ê lâng lo̍h-hō·.Tān-sī Góa kā lín kóng: tio̍h ài lín ê te̍k-jîn, tio̍h ūi pek-hāi lín ê lâng kî-tó. Lín nā kan-taⁿ ài hiah-ê ài lín ê lâng, kám ē-tàng tit-tio̍h sím-mih pò-siúⁿ? Liân hiah-ê thiu-sòe ê lâng mā ē-hiáu án-ne chò. Lín nā chí-ū tùi lín ê hiaⁿ-tī chhéng-an, án-ne kám ū sím-mih hi-hán? Liân bô sìn Siōng-chú ê lâng mā it-tēng ē hiáu án-ne chò. Só·-í lín tio̍h chò ôan-siān ê lâng, chhin-chhiūⁿ lín ê Thian-hū sī ôan-siān ê.\" \n\n### Koan-hē hêng-siān ê kàu-hùn\n\nn2 tio̍h kín-sīn, m̄-thang ūi-tio̍h boeh hō· lâng khòaⁿ, kò·-ì tòa lâng ê bīn-chêng hián-sī lín ê siān-hêng. Lín nā án-ne chò, lín chiū bē-tàng tùi Thian-hū tit-tio̍h pò-siúⁿ.\nSó·-í lí boeh chín-chè ê sî, m̄-thang chhin-chhiūⁿ gūi-siān-chiá tòa hōe-tn̂g kap ke-lō· pûn kó·-chhoe soan-thôan, ài hō· lâng o-ló. Góa si̍t-chāi kā lí kóng, in í-keng tit-tio̍h in ê pò-siúⁿ à.\nLí chín-chè lâng ê sî, liân lí ê chiàⁿ-chhiú só· chò ê to m̄-thang hō· lí ê tò-chhiú chai-iáⁿ.\nLí nā án-ne tiām-tiām-á lâi kiù-chè lâng, Hit-ūi khòaⁿ-kìⁿ lí tī àm-tiong só· chòe ê Thian-hū, chiū ē pò-tap lí.\"\n\nGiân-lūn Lêng-siu\n-----------------\n\n### Koan-hē kî-tó ê kàu-hùn\n\n\"lín kî-tó ê sî m̄-thang o̍h hiah-ê gūi-siān-chiá! In ài khiā tòa hōe-tn̂g á-sī si̍p-jī lō·-kháu kî-tó, kò·-ì boeh hō· lâng khòaⁿ. Góa si̍t-chāi kā lín kóng, in í-keng tit-tio̍h in ê pò-siúⁿ à.\nTān-sī lí kî-tó ê sî, tio̍h ji̍p-khì lí ê pâng-keng lāi, mn̂g koaiⁿ khí-lâi, lâi tùi lí só· khòaⁿ bē-tio̍h ê Thian-hū kî-kiû. Án-ne Hit-ūi khòaⁿ-kìⁿ lí tī àm-tiong só· chò ê Thian-hū, chiū ē pò-tap lí.\" \n\"Lín kî-tó ê sî, m̄-thang chhin-chhiūⁿ bô sìn Siōng-chú ê lâng lô-lô so-so, in-ūi in siūⁿ kóng tio̍h-ài kî-tó chin kú, Siōng-chú chiah ē thiaⁿ in ê kî-kiû.\n\n### Koan-hē kìm-chia̍h ê kàu-hùn\n\n\"Lín kìm-chia̍h ê sî, m̄-thang chhin-chhiūⁿ gūi-siān-chiá bīn tài iu-chhiû. In thâu-mn̂g bô lo̍ah, bīn bô sé, móa sì-kè kiâⁿ, kò·-ì boeh hō· lâng chai-iáⁿ in teh kìm-chia̍h. Góa si̍t-chāi kā lín kóng, in í-keng tit-tio̍h pò-siúⁿ à.\nTān-sī lí kìm-chia̍h ê sî, bīn tio̍h sé chheng-khì, thâu-mn̂g tio̍h lo̍ah,\nm̄-thang hō· lâng chai-iáⁿ lí teh kìm-chia̍h, chí-ū hō· khòaⁿ bē-tio̍h ê Thian-hū chai-iáⁿ. Án-ne Hit-ūi khòaⁿ-kìⁿ lí tī àm-tiong só· chò ê Thian-hū, chiū ē pò-siúⁿ li.\" \n\n### Thian-siōng ê châi-pó\n\n\"M̄-thang ūi-tio̍h ka-tī chek-thiok châi-pó tòa tē-siōng, in-ūi tī chia ū chiù-thâng ē kā, ē seⁿ-sian, chha̍t-á iā ē ó·-khang ji̍p-lâi thau-the̍h.\nTio̍h ūi ka-tī chek-thiok châi-pó tòa thiⁿ-téng, in-ūi tī hia bô chiù-thâng ē kā, bē seⁿ-sian, iā bô chha̍t-á ē ó·-khang ji̍p-khì thau-the̍h.\nIn-ūi lí ê châi-pó nā tī hia, lí ê sim iā it-tēng ē tī hia.\" \n\n### Seng-khu ê teng-hóe\n\n\"Ba̍k-chiu chhin-chhiūⁿ lâng ê seng-khu ê teng-hóe. Lí ê ba̍k-chiu nā kim, kui seng-khu chiū ē kng.\nLí ê ba̍k-chiu nā hoe, kui seng-khu chiū o·-àm. Án-ne ká-sú lí lāi-sim ê kng nā pìⁿ-chò o·-àm, chit ê o·-àm m̄-chai lōa-nih lī-hāi!\" \n\n### Siōng-chú kap chîⁿ-châi\n\n\"Chi̍t ê lâng bē-tàng hōng-sū nn̄g ê chú-lâng. Hōng-sū nn̄g ê chú-lâng ê sî, nā m̄-sī òan-hīn chit ê, kèng-ài hit ê, chiū-sī khòaⁿ-tāng chit ê, khòaⁿ-khin hit ê. Só·-í lín bē-tàng kāng-sî hōng-sū Siōng-chú iā boeh hōng-sū chîⁿ-châi.\" \n\"In-ūi án-ne Góa kā lín kóng: m̄-thang ūi-tio̍h lín ê sèⁿ-miā hôan-ló boeh chia̍h sím-mih, lim sím-mih, seng-khu boeh chhēng sím-mih. Lín ê sèⁿ-miā kám m̄-sí pí chia̍h-mi̍h khah ū kè-ta̍t, seng-khu kám m̄-sī pí saⁿ-khpp3 khah ū kè-ta̍t? Lín khòaⁿ khong-tiong ê chiáu-á, in bô chèng-choh, bô siu-sêng, iā bô chek-niû tòa chhng-khò·; siōng-chhiáⁿ lín ê Thian-hū iā teh kā in iúⁿ-chhī. Lín kám bô pí hiah-ê chiáu-á khah kùi-tiōng? Lín sím-mih lâng chhau-hôan chiū ē-tàng hō· ka-tī ê sèⁿ-miā ke o̍ah chi̍t sî-á kú?\" \"Lín hô-pit ūi saⁿ-khò· lâi chhau-hôan? Lín siūⁿ khòaⁿ-bāi-lè, iá-seng ê pek-ha̍p-hoe chóaⁿ-iūⁿ teh tōa-châng! In bô lô-khó·, iā bô pháng-chit. Tān-sī Góa kā lín kóng, liân hiah-ni̍h êng-hôa hù-kùi ê Só·-lô-bûn-ông só· chhēng ê saⁿ to bē pí chiah-ê hoe ê chi̍t-lúi koh-khah súi. kin-ná-ji̍t teh o̍ah, bîn-ná-chài hō· lâng hiat lo̍h-khì hóe-lô· chiah ê iá-seng ê hoe-chháu, Siōng-chú siōng-chhiáⁿ to án-ne teh kā in chng-chhah, I kám bē koh-khah kā lín khòaⁿ-kò·? Lín ná ē hiah-ni̍h bô sìn-sim! Só·-í lín m̄-thang chhau-hôan kóng: ‘Góan boeh chia̍h sím-mih, boeh lim sím-mih, boeh chheng sím-mih?’\n(In-ūi chiah-ê lóng sī bī-sìn-chiá só· teh tui-kiû ê.) Lín ê Thian-hū chai-iáⁿ lín ū su-iàu chiah ê it-chhè ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Lín tio̍h tāi-seng tui-kiû Siōng-chú ê kok í-ki̍p chun-hêng I ê chí-ì, I chū-jiân iā ē chiong kî-tha it-chhè ê mi̍h lóng siúⁿ-sù lín. Só·-í m̄-thang hôan-ló bîn-ná-chài ê tāi-chì. Bîn-ná-chài iā ū lēng-gōa ê tāi-chì thang hôan-ló. Chi̍t-ji̍t ê khùn-lân, hit ji̍t lâi tam-tng chiū ū kàu-gia̍h.\" \n\n### Phe-phêng pa̍t-lâng\n\n\"M̄-thang phe-phêng pa̍t-lâng, lín chiah bē siū phe-phêng;\nin-ūi lín nā àn-chóaⁿ lâi phe-phêng lâng, iā ē án-ne lâi siū phe-phêng. Lín ēng sím-mih chhùn-chhioh lâi niû hō· lâng, iā ē ēng kāng-khóan ê chhùn-chhioh lâi niû hō· lín.\nLí àn-chóaⁿ kan-taⁿ teh khòaⁿ lí ê hiaⁿ-tī ba̍k-chiu-lāi ê chháu-sap-á, iah bô chù-ì tio̍h lí ka-tī ba̍k-chiu-lāi ê tōa ki sám-á-kho·?\nLí ka-tī ê ba̍k-chiu lāi kì-jiân ū sam-á-kho·, lí àn-chóaⁿ káⁿ tùi lí ê hiaⁿ-tī kóng, ‘Góa kā lí the̍h ba̍k-chiu-lāi ê chháu-sap-á chhut-lâi.’\nGūi-siān-chiá à! Lí tio̍h tāi-seng chiong lí ba̍k-chiu lāi ê tōa ki sam-á-kho· the̍h chhut-lâi, jiân-āu lí chiah ē-tàng khòaⁿ kah bêng-bêng-bêng, thang the̍h lí hiaⁿ-tī ba̍k-chiu lāi ê chháu-sap-á chhut-lâi.\" \n\n\"M̄-thang chiong sîn-sèng ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ the̍h hō· káu chia̍h—i ē o̍at kòe-lâi kā lín kā! M̄-thang chiong lín ê chin-chu hiat tòa ti ê thâu-chêng — i ē ēng kha lâi thún-ta̍h!\" \n\n### Tio̍h kiû, tio̍h chhōe, tio̍h phah-mn̂g\n\n\"Tio̍h kiû, lín chiū ē tit-tio̍h; tio̍h chhōe, lín chiū ē chhōe-tio̍h; tio̍h phah-mn̂g, chiū ē kā lín khui.\nIn-ūi múi chi̍t ê lâng nā kiû, chiū ē tit-tio̍h; múi chi̍t ê lâng nā chhōe, chiū ē chhōe-tio̍h; múi chi̍t ê lâng nā phah-mn̂g, chiū ē kā i khui.\nLín chò lāu-pē ê lâng, ka-tī ê kiáⁿ kā lí thó mī-pau ê sî, lín kám ē the̍h chio̍h-thâu hō· i?\nÁ-sī kā lín thó nî-á ê sî, lín kám ē lia̍h chôa hō· i?\nLín sui-jiân sī pháiⁿ ê lâng, siōng-chhiáⁿ ē-hiáu ēng hó-mi̍h hō· lín ê kiáⁿ-jî, hô-hòng lín ê Thian-hū, I kám bē ēng koh-khah hó ê mi̍h lâi siúⁿ-sù hō· hiah-ê tùi I kî-kiû ê lâng?\" \n\"Só·-í bô-lūn ami2-mih tāi-chì, lín ài pa̍t-lâng àn-chóaⁿ lâi tùi-thāi lín, lín iā tio̍h chiàu án-ne lâi tùi-thāi pa̍t-lâng! Che chiū-sī Mô·-se ê Lu̍t-hoat í-ki̍p chiòng tāi-giân-jîn ê kà-sī ê iàu-tiám.\" \n\n### E̍h ê mn̂g\n\n\"Tio̍h tùi e̍h ê mn̂g ji̍p-khì, in-ūi thàu-kàu bia̍t-bông hit ê mn̂g chinkhoah. Hit tiâu lō· chin hó kiâⁿ. Kiâⁿ hit tiâu lō· ê lâng chin chē.\nThàu-kàu éng-seng hit ê mn̂g chin e̍h. Hit tiâu lō· chin pháiⁿ kiâⁿ. Chhōe tio̍h hit tiâu lō· ê lâng chin chió!\"\n\n### Chhiū kap kóe-chí\n\n\"Tio̍h kéng-kài ké tāi-giân-jîn. In lâi lín chia ê sî, gōa-piáu ké kah chhin-chhiūⁿ mî-iûⁿ, tān-sī in ê lāi-sim chhin-chhiūⁿ hiong-ok ê chhâi-lông.\nLín khòaⁿ in ê hêng-ûi chiū ē jīn-chhut in sī sím-mih khóan ê lâng. Tùi chhì-phè kám ē-tàng bán phû-tô? Á-sī tùi chi̍t-lê kám ē-tàng bán bû-hoa-kó?\nSó·-í hó chhiū lóng ē kiat hó kóe-chí. Pháiⁿ chhiū it-tēng ē kiat pháiⁿ kóe-chí.\nHó chhiū bē kiat pháiⁿ kóe-chí. Pháiⁿ chhiū iā bē kiat hó kóe-chí.\nBē kiat hó kóe-chí ê chhiū lóng tio̍h chhò khí-lâi, hiat lo̍h-khì hóe-nih sio.\nSó·-í khòaⁿ in ê hêng-ûi, lín chiū ē-tàng jīn-chhut in sī sím-mih khóan ê lâng.\" \n\n### Góa m̄-bat lín\n\n\"M̄-sī chheng-ho· Góa ‘Chú à! Chú à!’ ê lâng, chiū lóng ē-tàng chìn ji̍p-khì Thian-kok; chí-ū si̍t-hêng Góa ê Thian-hū ê chí-ì ê lâng chiah ē tàng ji̍p-khì.\nHit Ji̍t kàu ê sî, it-tēng ū chin-chē lâng ē tùi Góa kóng, ‘hú à! Chú à! Góan kám m̄-sī ū hōng Lí ê miâ thôan Siōng-chú ê sìn-sek, ū hōng Lí ê miâ kóaⁿ-chhut chin-chē kúi, iū-koh ū chò chin-chē sîn-chek?’\nHit ê sî Góa boeh bêng-bêng kā in kóng, ‘Góa lóng m̄-bat lín. Lín chiah-ê bû-ok put-chok ê lâng! Lī-khui Góa! Cháu! Cháu!\" \n\n### Nn̄g-chióng ê tē-ki\n\n\"Só·-í it chhè thiaⁿ Góa chiah-ê ōe, chiàu án-ne khì si̍t-hêng ê lâng, sī chhin-chhiūⁿ chi̍t ê chhong-bêng ê lâng, khí chhù khí tòa chio̍h-pôaⁿ téng.\nSui-jiân tōa-hō· phoah, tōa-chúi chhiong, tōa-hong sàu hit keng chhù, chhù iā bē tó-khì, in-ūi hit keng chhù khí tī chio̍h-pôaⁿ téng.\nIt-chhè thiaⁿ Góa chiah-ê ōe bô si̍t-hêng ê lâng, sī chhin-chhiūⁿ chi̍t ê gōng-lâng, khí chhù khí tòa soa-á téng.\nIt-tàn tōa-hō· phoah, tōa-chúi chhiong, tōa-hong sàu hit keng chhù, chhù chiū tó lo̍h-khì, jî-chhiáⁿ tó kah pêⁿ-pêⁿ-pêⁿ!\"\n\nKiat-lūn: Iâ-so· ê kôan-ui\n--------------------------\n\n\"Iâ-so· kóng chiah-ê ōe soah ê sî, chèng-lâng tùi I ê kà-sī lóng chin siū kám-tōng,\nin-ūi I kàu-hùn in ê hoat-tō·, chhin-chhiūⁿ chi̍t ūi ū kôan-ui ê lâng, lóng bô chhin-chhiūⁿ in ê keng-ha̍k-chiá\". \n\nSan-siōng ê Kàu-hùn khó-í kóng sī chú Iâ-so· chéng-thé kàu-hùn ê cheng-hôa, ū lâng chheng-ho· i ê pí-jū ûi \"Thian-kok ê tōa hiàn-chiong\".","meta":{"title":"San-siōng ê Kàu-hùn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1167,14751,0.07911328045556233],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":17449}} -{"text":"\n***Manga Time Kirara Forward*** (Ji̍t-gí: まんがタイムきららフォワード, Hepburn-sek: *Manga Taimu Kirara Fowādo*) sī Hong-bûn-siā (芳文社)--ê tē 4 pún *Kirara* he-lia̍t bàng-gah cha̍p-chì, chhùn-chhioh sī B5.\n\nKóng-kò slogan sī \"Sī-kak kò͘-sū bàng-gah-chì\" (ビジュアルストーリーコミック誌). Kap kî-thaⁿ chí-moē cha̍p-chì bô-kâng, chú-iāu sī choē-keh--ê kò͘-sū bàng-gah, m̄-sī 4-kheh bàng-ga, iā khan khah chē kho-hoàn kap kî-hoàn (奇幻) kò͘-sū.\n\n2006 nî 3 goe̍h 23 ji̍t chhòng-khan (Vol.1), sī *Manga Time Kirara*--ê cheng-khan-hō (增刊號), 2007 nî 2 goe̍h--ê cheng-khan-hō (Vol.5) í-āu kái-chò goe̍h-khan, chū 2007 nî 8 goe̍h 24 ji̍t to̍k-li̍p goa̍h-khan, goe̍h-khan--ê hō-bé mā ùi NO.1 khai-sí sǹg.\n\nTōng-oē-hoà--ê chik-phín ū: *Chia̍h-bāng-chiá (食夢者) Merry*, *Ha̍k-hn̂g Ko͘-tó*, *Minori Scramble!*, *Hanayamata* kap *Anne Happy♪* téng. Tōng-oē *Tông-jîn (同人) Work*, *Mô͘-hoat Siàu-lú Madoka Magika* kap *Aldnoah.Zero*--ê bān-oē-pán mā tī chit pún cha̍p-chì khan.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Hong-bûn-siā\n* chí-moē cha̍p-chì:\n\t+ *Manga Time Kirara*\n\t+ *Manga Time Kirara Carrot*\n\t+ *Manga Time Kirara MAX*\n\t+ *Manga Time Kirara Miracle!*","meta":{"title":"Manga Time Kirara Forward","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[111,1040,0.10673076923076923],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1250}} -{"text":"Shinkai Makoto\n**Shinkai Makoto** (**新海 誠**; **しんかい まこと**; 1973/2/9~), Bân-lâm-gí tha̍k-tsheh-im **Sin-hái Sîng**, pún-miâ **Nītsu Makoto** (**新津 誠**; **にいつ まこと**). Shinkai Makoto sī Ji̍t-pún bàng-gà tsok-ka kiam tiān-iánn tō-ián. Tiong-iong Tāi-ha̍k (中央大學) bûn-ha̍k-pōo kok-bûn-ha̍k pit-gia̍p. Tsit-má tuà tī Tang-kiaⁿ. I tī 2002 nî kong-khai ka-kī to̍k-li̍p tsè-tsō--ê bàng-gà té-phìnn *Hoshi no Koe* (ほしのこえ) liáu-āu, khai-sí siū tio̍h kuan-tsù.\n\nTsok-phín\n---------\n\n### Bàng-gà tiān-iánn\n\n* *Kanozyo to Kanozyo no Neko* (*彼女と彼女の猫*; 1999 nî kong-khai)\n* *Hosi no Koe* (*ほしのこえ*; 2002 nî kong-khai)\n* *Kumo no Mukô, Yakusoku no Basyo* (*雲のむこう、約束の場所*; 2004 nî kong-khai)\n* *Byôsoku 5 Sentimêtoru* (*秒速 5 センチメートル*; 2007 nî kong-khai)\n* *Hosi o Ou Kodomo* (*星を追う子ども*; 2011 nî kong-khai)\n* *Kotonoha no Niwa* (*言の葉の庭*; 2013 nî kong-khai)\n* *Kimi no Na wa.* (*君の名は。*; 2016 nî kong-khai)\n* *Tenki no Ko (**天気の子**; 2019 nî kong-khai)*\n* *Suzume no Tojimari* (*すずめの戸締まり*; 2022 nî kong-khai)","meta":{"title":"Sinkai Makoto","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[425,884,0.4807692307692308],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1119}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Ô͘-tia̍p |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Ô͘-tia̍p |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Arthropoda |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Insecta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Lepidoptera |\n| A-bo̍k: | **Rhopalocera** |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| A-kûn |\n| * Superfamily Hedyloidea:\n\t+ Hedylidae\n* Superfamily Hesperioidea:\n\t+ Hesperiidae\n* Superfamily Papilionoidea:\n\t+ Papilionidae\n\t+ Pieridae\n\t+ Nymphalidae\n\t+ Lycaenidae\n\t+ Riodinidae\n |\n\n**Ô͘-tia̍p** mā hō-chò **bóe-ia̍h-á**, sī kui-sio̍k tī Lepidoptera, choân sè-kài tāi-iok ū 14000 gōa chióng, tāi-pō͘-hūn hun-pò͘ tī Bí-chiu, iû-kî sī Amazonas liû-he̍k phín-chéng siāng-chē, tî-liáu Lâm-ke̍k kap Pak-ke̍k í-gōa lóng-ū hun-pò͘, tī A-chiu Tâi-oân mā í phín-chéng bi̍t-tō͘ koân lâi chhut-miâ. Ô͘-tia̍p it-poaⁿ lâi-kóng sek-chúi-kiau, si̍t-kó͘ kap seng-khu ū chē-chē koh-iūⁿ ê pan-bûn, thâu-pō͘ ū chi̍t-tùi kùn-á-hêng he̍k thûi-á-hêng ê chhiok-kak (che sī kah ngô͘-lūi siāng-tōa ê khu-pia̍t, ngô͘ ê chhiok-kak hêng-chōng piàn-hòa khah-chē). Siāng-tōa chiah ê ô͘-tia̍p si̍t-kó͘ thíⁿ-khui ū 24 kong-hun, siāng-sè--ê kan-taⁿ 1.6 kong-hun. \n\nIt-poaⁿ ko͘-kè Tâi-oân ū chhiau-kòe 400 chióng ê ô͘-tia̍p, kî-tiong ū tāi-iok 50 chióng sī Tâi-oân te̍k-iú-chéng.\n\nSeng-oa̍h-sú koè-têng\n---------------------\n\nSam-chhiⁿ-siang-bóe-iàn-tia̍p\nÔ͘-tia̍p sī chi̍t-chióng oân-choân piàn-thài ê khun-thiông, tī i ê seng-tióng koè-têng tiong, ū chám-jiân ê 4 ê khám-chām: **Nn̄g**, **iù-thâng**, **ióng**, kap **sêng-thiông**. Chit 4 ê kai-toāⁿ cho͘-sêng ô͘-tia̍p ê seng-oa̍h-sú. Seng-oa̍h-sú ê tn̂g-té i-chiàu chióng-lūi bô-kâng, ū ê khah-té kan-taⁿ 1 kó͘-goe̍h, ū ê khah-tn̂g ē-sái tn̂g-kàu 1 tang. \n\n### Nn̄g\n\nBô-kâng chióng-lūi ê ô͘-tia̍p i ê nn̄g seⁿ tio̍h bô-kâng, hêng-chiōng, sek-chúi, pan-bûn ū chē-chē khoán. Ô͘-tia̍p ê nn̄g tāi-hūn seⁿ tio̍h chhiūⁿ kiû-hêng, m̄-koh mā ū chhiūⁿ chhèng-chí, chhia-lián-á, ia̍h pò͘-teng ê; sek-chúi ū pe̍h-sek, chheⁿ-sek, teng-âng-sek, n̂g-sek, téng-téng. Ô͘-tia̍p ē kā nn̄g seⁿ tiàm bô kâng châng ê kià-chú si̍t-bu̍t téng-thâu, cheng-ka iù-thâng seng-chûn ê ki-hoē. \n\n### Iù-thâng\n\nTng-tang boé-ia̍h-á nn̄g pū-hoà, iù-sió ê thâng iōng chiam-lāi ê kháu-khì kā-phoà nn̄g-khak, peh chhut nn̄g-khak chiâⁿ-chò iù-thâng. Tú pū--chhut-lâi ê iù-thâng hō-chò it-lêng iù-thâng. Iù-thâng ná lâi ná toā, chitin ê goā-phoê bô-hoat-tō͘ toē--leh piàn-toā, chiū ē thǹg-phoê. Thǹg-phoê chìn-chêng ū chi̍t-toāⁿ té-chiām sî-kan boē tín-tāng, boē-su sī teh khùn-bîn, só͘-í kā kiò-chò bîn ê sî-kî.\n\n### Ióng\n\n### Sêng-thâng","meta":{"title":"Ô͘-tia̍p","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[269,2268,0.11860670194003527],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2862}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\nPán-khoài\n**Pán-khoài kò͘-chō** (板塊構造; *plate tectonics*) sī ūi-tio̍h beh kái-soeh tāi-lio̍k sóa-tāng hiān-siōng só͘ hoat-tián chhut-lâi ê chi̍t ê tē-chit-ha̍k lí-lūn. Chit-ê lí-lūn jīm-ûi tē-kiû ê gâm-chio̍h-khoan sī iû pán-khoài lâi cho͘-sêng ê. Choân-kiû ē-ēng hun-chò 6 tè khah-tōa tè ê pán-khoài; hun-pia̍t sī Au-A pán-khoài, Thài-pêng-iûⁿ pán-khoài, Hui-chiu pán-khoài, Bí-chiu pán-khoài, Ìn-tō͘ pán-khoài kap Lâm-ke̍k pán-khoài. Kin-kì chit chióng lí-lūn, tē-kiû lāi-pō͘ ê kò͘-chō ē-sái hun-chò nn̄g ê tōa pō͘-hūn, hun-pia̍t sī gōa-chân ê gâm-chio̍h-khoan kap lāi-chân ê loán-liû-khoan. Pán-khoài kò͘-chō lí-lūn ê hêng-sêng sī lâi-chū hái-té khok-tāi kap tāi-lio̍k sóa-tāng chit nn̄g chióng to̍k-li̍p ê tē-chit-ha̍k koan-chhat kiat-kó.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTē-chit-ha̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Cho͘-sêng kap kiat-kò͘ | \n* Tē-kiû hòa-ha̍k\n* Kiat-chiⁿ-ha̍k\n* Khòng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Giâm-siòng-ha̍k\n* Giâm-se̍k-ha̍k\n\n |\n| |\n| Tē-sú-ha̍k | \n* Chân-sū-ha̍k\n* Kó͘-seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Kó͘-khì-hāu-ha̍k\n\n |\n| |\n| Ūn-tōng | \n* Kò͘-chō tē-chit-ha̍k\n* Tē-kiû tōng-le̍k-ha̍k\n* Pán-khoài kò͘-chō\n* Tē-hêng-ha̍k\n\n |\n| |\n| Chúi-bûn | \n* Peng-hô-ha̍k\n* Hái-iûⁿ-ha̍k\n* Chúi-bûn tē-chit-ha̍k\n* Hái-iûⁿ tē-chit-ha̍k\n\n |\n| |\n| Tē-kiû bu̍t-lí-ha̍k | \n* Chhek-tē-ha̍k\n* Tē-chû-tiûⁿ\n* Sò͘-ha̍k tē-kiû bu̍t-lí-ha̍k\n* Tē-chìn-ha̍k\n* Kò͘-chō bu̍t-lí-ha̍k\n\n |\n| |\n| Èng-iōng | \n* Keng-chè tē-chit-ha̍k\n* Kang-têng tē-chit-ha̍k\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Pán-khoài kò͘-chō","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[605,1372,0.44096209912536444],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1825}} -{"text":"**Sè-pau hun-hòa** (細胞分化) sī hoat-seⁿ seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê chi̍t hāng gián-kiù khò-tê; gián-kiù to-sè-pau seng-bu̍t ê kàn-sè-pau teh hun-lia̍t ê sî-chūn, i-ê chú-sè-pau ê ûi-thoân-chú piáu-ta̍t siū-tio̍h tiâu-khòng, lo̍h-bóe piàn-chò bô-kāng sè-pau lūi-hêng ê kòe-têng. Pí-lūn kóng choân-lêng ê siū-cheng-loán tī hun-lia̍t kàu it-tēng thêng-tō͘ ê sî, i-ê chú-sè-pau tiō ē khai-sí hiòng te̍k-tēng ê hong-hiòng lâi hun-hòa, hêng-sêng the-jî ê kin-bah, kut-thâu kap mo͘-hoat téng khì-koan. Hun-hòa liáu-āu ê sè-pau tī i-ê kiat-kò͘ kap kong-lêng siōng lóng ē chhut-hiān chha-pia̍t, jî-chhiáⁿ chiâⁿ-chò só͘-ūi ê \"tan-lêng-sèng\" (*unipotent*) sè-pau, iā-chiū-sī ē-tàng hun-lia̍t chhut ū kāng-khoán kong-lêng ê chú-sè-pau. M̄-koh, só͘-ū ê chú-sè-pau ê ûi-thoân-chú lóng chham goân-té ê kàn-sè-pau kāng-khoán. Gián-kiù sè-pau hun-hòa tùi lí-kái pēⁿ-thiàⁿ ê hoat-seng ū tiōng-iàu ì-gī.","meta":{"title":"Sè-pau hun-hòa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,901,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1025}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Chúi-pī-á |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| Pó-io̍k chōng-hóng |\n| 无危 |\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Aves |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Podicipediformes |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Podicipedidae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Tachybaptus* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***T. ruficollis*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Tachybaptus ruficollis***(Pallas, 1764) |\n|\n|\n|\n| Siâng-ì-miâ |\n| *Podiceps ruficollis* |\n| Se-thoàⁿ ê tē-kài |\n\n *Tachybaptus ruficollis*\nTachybaptus ruficollis\n**Chúi-pī-á** (ha̍k-miâ: *Tachybaptus ruficollis*) sī Podicipediformes bo̍k Podicipedidae kho ê chiáu-á.\n\nTōa-pō·-hūn ê chúi-chiáu-á, tú-tio̍h hûi-hiám tio̍h-ē poe-lī chúi-bīn pī-hiám, ka-na **chúi-pī-á** ē-hiáu chhàng-ji̍p chúi-lāi siám-phiah hûi-hiám. In chhàng-tī chúi-chháu iah sī lô·-tek-á kha, chhun-chhut in ê chhùi-pe chhoán-khùi, tán-thāi thiⁿ-te̍k lī-khui.\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | *Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ pún-té khan tī holopedia.net.* |","meta":{"title":"Chúi-pī-á","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[315,725,0.43448275862068964],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1075}} -{"text":"Lâm-káng Nńg-thé Hn̂g-khu tē-saⁿ kî tōa-lâu\n**Lâm-káng Nńg-thé Hn̂g-khu** (南港軟體園區), kán-chheng **Lâm-nńg**, sī tī Tâi-oân Tāi-pak-chhī Lâm-káng-khu ê tì-sek-hêng kang-gia̍p hn̂g-khu. Sán-gia̍p í nńg-thé IC siat-kè, sò͘-ūi chhòng-ì, seng-bu̍t kho-ki kap bûn-hòa chhòng-ì téng tì-sek bi̍t-chi̍p sán-gia̍p ûi-chú, ún-chún chi-oān-sèng ho̍k-bū sán-gia̍p chìn-chù lâi oân-pī hn̂g-khu ê seng-oa̍h ki-lêng, pēng pó-liû ín-chìn sin-heng sán-gia̍p ê tân-sèng, í cheng-ka sán-gia̍p kēng-cheng-la̍t. Thàu-kòe hn̂g-khu chhiúⁿ-siong siōng-hā-iû sûi-ti̍t chéng-ha̍p, í-ki̍p chúi-pêng kau-liû, pēng kiat-ha̍p chèng-hú kap bîn-kan khì-gia̍p ê gián-hoat chu-goân kap chhòng-sin siat-kè, chhiok-chìn nńg-thé sán-gia̍p seng-kip, lâi ta̍t-sêng \"A-thài Nńg-thé Tiong-sim\" kap \"Choân A-chiu Gián-hoat Chóng-pō͘\" ê hn̂g-khu hoat-tián bo̍k-piau.\n\nLâm-nńg chóng chiàm-tē 10 kong-khéng, tē-it kî 4.0335 kong-khéng, tē-jī kî 4.1764 kong-khéng, tē-saⁿ kî 2 kong-khéng chó-iū. Chêng nn̄g kî ê iōng-tē sī kok-êng khì-gia̍p Tâi-pûi Lâm-káng-chhiúⁿ ê kū-chí, āu-lâi keng-iû chèng-hú teng-siu liáu-āu choán chò lī-iōng.\n\nLâm-nńg tī 2015 nî chóng-kiōng ū 418 keng khì-gia̍p, oân-kang jîn-sò͘ tāi-iok 24,443 lâng, kui-nî êng-siu Sin-tâi-phiò 5,804-ek îⁿ. Kûn-chū hāu-ek m̄-nā êng-he̍k Eng-kok Keng-chè-ha̍k-jîn Tì-khò͘ EIU phêng-pí ûi A-chiu 4 tōa nńg-thé hn̂g-khu, hn̂g-khu chek-hāu piáu-hiān mā sī choân A-chiu tē-it.","meta":{"title":"Lâm-káng Nńg-thé Hn̂g-khu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1393,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1581}} -{"text":"**Chúi-lī-hōe** (水利會) sī Tâi-oân ùi Chheng léng sî-tāi khai-sí ê lông-gia̍p cho͘-chit, tòe sî-tāi teh piàn-hòa, chit-má siū Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok ê siong-koan hoat-kui kui-hoān. Tâi-oân tî-liáu kok-tē ū siat khu-he̍k-sèng ê chúi-lī-hōe, mā ū choân-kok-sèng ê \"Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe Liân-ha̍p-hōe\" (農田水利會聯合會), chú-iàu ê khang-khòe sī chúi-lī sū-gia̍p ê heng-pān, lông-gia̍p chai-hāi hông-tī kap kî-thaⁿ lông-gia̍p chèng-chhek ia̍h thó͘-tē khai-hoat téng\nsū-bū. 2017 nî ê sî, Tâi-oân lóng-chóng ū\n17 ê chúi-lī-hōe, hōe-oân tāi-iok ū 146.-bān lâng, koàn-kài koán-hat khu ū 37.1-bān kong-khéng. Tî-liáu chúi-lī sū-bū, lông-tiân chúi-lī-hōe jîn-sū iā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ pī khòaⁿ-chò sī nâ-le̍k chèng-tóng ê tē-hng sè-le̍k.\n\nTâi-oân ê chúi-lī-hōe\n---------------------\n\nHêng-chèng-īⁿ Lông-gia̍p Úi-oân-hōe Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-chhù\n* Choân-kok-sèng\n\t+ Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe Liân-ha̍p-hōe\n* Pak-khu\n\t+ Tâi-pak-chhī Liú-kong Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe\n\t+ Tâi-pak-chhī Chhit-chhiⁿ Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe\n\t+ Pak-ki Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe\n\t+ Thô-hn̂g Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe\n\t+ Chio̍h-mn̂g Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe\n\t+ Sin-tek Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe\n\t+ Biâu-le̍k Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe\n* Tiong-khu\n\t+ Tâi-tiong Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe\n\t+ Chiang-hòa Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe\n\t+ Lâm-tâu Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe\n\t+ Hûn-lîm Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe\n* Lâm-khu\n\t+ Ka-lâm Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe\n\t+ Ko-hiông Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe\n\t+ Pîn-tong Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe\n* Tang-khu\n\t+ Gî-lân Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe\n\t+ Hoa-liân Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe\n\t+ Tâi-tang Lông-tiân Chúi-lī-hōe","meta":{"title":"Chúi-lī-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[645,1451,0.4445210199862164],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1708}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Chúi-teng-hiang |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Myrtales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Onagraceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Ludwigia* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***L. octovalvis*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Ludwigia octovalvis*** |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Chúi-teng-hiang** (水丁香, ha̍k-miâ: *Ludwigia octovalvis*) kui-sio̍k-tī Liú-hio̍h-chhài-kho (Onagraceae), chi̍t-nî-seng he̍k nn̄g-nî-seng chháu-pún si̍t-bu̍t. I hun-pò͘ tī pêⁿ-tē kàu kē hái-poa̍t soaⁿ-khu. I sī chúi-seng si̍t-bu̍t, phó͘-phiàn seⁿ tī chúi-khut-á, khe, chhân-kau, chúi-kau, soaⁿ-kau chia ê tâm-sip thô͘-kha-tau, chhām khah ta-lī pha-hng ê chhân--nih mā chhiâng-chāi ū khoàiⁿ.\n\nHêng-thài\n---------\n\nKeng ū chiòng-koàn lêng-chiah (稜脊), chhiū-thâu tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ bo̍k-chit-hoà. Kui-châng seⁿ iù-mo͘. \n\nHio̍h-á hō͘-seng, soàⁿ-tiâu-hêng he̍k e̍h ke-nn̄g-hêng.\n\nHoe n̂g-sek, hoe-hio̍h ū 4 phìⁿ; hoe-hio̍h ê boé-á tò-lap; hoe ê ti̍t-kèng ū-kàu 38 mm hia; hoe ko͘-chi̍t-lúi ùi hio̍h-á pèⁿ ê koh-ē-lang hia seⁿ--chhut-lâi. \n\nKoé-chí sī sok-kó, e̍h-e̍h tn̂g-tn̂g îⁿ-chū-hêng, boé-á ū siù-chûn go̍k-phìⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Chúi-teng-hiang","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[179,983,0.18209562563580875],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1328}} -{"text":"**Kim-mn̂g-ông kap Lí Péng-hui**, Tâi-oân chhut-miâ ê chheⁿ-mê im-ga̍k-ka. In 2 lâng tī pak-pō· Pak-tâu, Tām-chúi ê thoân-thóng tê-sek chhiùⁿ-koa chin chē tang, tī 1997 nî chiah keng-koè Phoaⁿ Sió-kiap, Tân Bêng-chiong chhut Hō-ló-oē choan-chip *Liû-lōng kàu Tām-chúi*, chū án-ne toā chhut-miâ. Nakasi sī in ê hong-keh.\n\nKim-mn̂g-ông (金門王) pún-miâ Ông Eng-thán (王英坦, 1953 nî- 2002 nî). Iáⁿ-siòng kì-lio̍k-chiá Phoaⁿ Sió-kiap (潘小俠) tī Tām-chúi Má-kai pài-tn̂g hù-kīn hām i se̍k-sāi. In-ūi Ông sī Kim-mn̂g lâng, i tō kā i hō \"Kim-mn̂g-ông\" chit ê miâ. Kim-mn̂g-ông sè-hàn hò·ⁿ-hiân khì khioh peng-á tàn-hìⁿ-sak ê mi̍h, soah hō· hoé-io̍h chà kah ba̍k-chiu kiông-beh chheⁿ-mê, chhiú-poâⁿ tio̍h-siong. 12~3 hoè ê sî, Kim-mn̂g chèng-hú sàng i khì Tâi-oân chiū-ha̍k, m̄-koh ha̍k-hāu hiâm i nî-hoè siuⁿ chē, bô hō· i tha̍k. I bat ti Báng-kah chò cha̍p-kang-á, liáu-āu ji̍p khì pin-gî-siā pûn lat-pah (?). Ba̍k-chiu chhiú-su̍t sit-pāi pìⁿ chheⁿ-mê, i chū án-ne khì kàu Sin-chng bông-jîn ha̍k-hāu, tī hia se̍k-sāi Lí Péng-hui. Āu--lâi khì tī Tām-chúi, ū lâng kài-siāu i sì-kè ián-chhiùⁿ -- choân-tó chông thàu-thàu.\n\nLí Péng-hui (李炳輝)\n\nChok-phín\n---------\n\nIn lóng-chóng chhut 3 tiuⁿ choan-chi̍p.\n\n### *Liû-lōng kàu Tām-chúi* (1997)\n\n1. Liû-lōng kàu Tām-chúi - Tân Bêng-chiong tit-tio̍h 1998 nî Kim-khek-chióng ê \"Siōng Gâu ê Chok-khek-jîn\" chióng.\n2. Má-mah Chhiáⁿ Lí iā Pó-tiōng\n3. Khó· Chiú\n4. Àm-thâu-á chúi-ke 晚頭仔水鸡\n5. Lia̍h-lêng--ê liû-liōng kì 掠龍兮流浪記\n6. Hoàh lîn-liong bē cha̍p-sè 喝玲瓏賣杂細\n7. Ài-chêng Lō·\n8. Bô siaⁿ ê Nakasi\n9. Lâm-jî Ai-koa\n10. Tām-chúi Bō·-sek\n\n### *Lâi-khì Hawai‘i* (1999)\n\n1. Lâi-khì Hawai‘i\n2. Lāu-lâng A-kó-koh\n3. Sit-loân ê Piān-tong\n4. Ím-chiá chi Koa 飲者之歌\n5. Iân-tâu Koa\n6. Tah-chhia Koa 搭車歌\n7. So La Lí leh toh?\n8. Sió-sió ê Só·-chāi\n9. Kū-chêng-mî-mî\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* \n*","meta":{"title":"Kim-mn̂g-ông kap Lí Péng-hui","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[473,1699,0.27839905826957034],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2077}} -{"text":"\n***Ti̍t-tī-tī*** (侄治痔) sī tiong-bûn chhut-miâ Internet chok-ka ê tông-im bûn-chiong.\n\nGôan-bûn\n--------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | \n*Ti̍t-tī-tī*\n\nOa̍t-gí pán-pún ê *Ti̍t-tī-tī* |\n| \n\n---\n\n*Siu-thiaⁿ chia tóng-àn chhut būn-tê? Chham-khó kái-soeh.* |\n\nHù Hàn-gí Pheng-im jî-hā:\n\n　　*侄 (zhí)治 (zhì)痔 (zhì)*\n\n　　芝 (zhī)之 (zhī)稚 (zhì)侄 (zhí)郅 (zhì)，至 (zhì)智 (zhì)，知 (zhī)制 (zhì)纸 (zhǐ)，知 (zhī)织 (zhī)帜 (zhì)。\n\n　　芝 (zhī)痔 (zhì)，炙 (zhì)痔 (zhì)，痔 (zhì)殖 (zhí)，郅 (zhì)至 (zhì)芝 (zhī)址 (zhǐ)，知 (zhī)之 (zhī)，知 (zhī)芷 (zhǐ)汁 (zhī)治 (zhì)痔 (zhì)，至 (zhì)芷 (zhǐ)址 (zhǐ)执 (zhí)芷 (zhǐ)枝 (zhī)，豸 (zhì)至 (zhì)，踯 (zhí)，郅 (zhì)执 (zhí)直 (zhí)枝 (zhī)掷 (zhì)之 (zhī)，枝 (zhī)至 (zhì)豸 (zhì)趾 (zhǐ)，豸 (zhì)止 (zhǐ)。\n\n　　郅 (zhì)执 (zhí)芷 (zhǐ)枝 (zhī)致 (zhì)芝 (zhī)，芝 (zhī)执 (zhí)芷 (zhǐ)治 (zhì)痔 (zhì)，痔 (zhì)止 (zhǐ)。\n\n　　芝 (zhī)炙 (zhì)脂 (zhī)雉 (zhì)肢 (zhī)致 (zhì)郅 (zhì)。\n\nHù Bân-lâm-gú Pe̍h-oē-jī jî-hā:\n\n　　*侄 (Ti̍t-)治 (tī-)痔 (tī)*\n\n　　芝 (Chi-)之 (chi-)稚 (tī-)侄 (ti̍t-)郅 ()，至 (chì-)智 (tì)，知 (chai-)制 (chè-)纸 (choá)，知 (chai-)织 (chit-)帜 (chì)。\n\n　　芝 (Chi-)痔 (tī-)，炙 (chià-)痔 (tī-)，痔 (tī-)殖 (si̍k-)，郅 ()至 (chì-)芝 (chi-)址 (chí-)，知 (chai-)之 (chi-)，知 (chai-)芷 (-chí-)汁 (chiap-)治 (tī-)痔 (tī)，至 (chì-)芷 (-chí-)址 (chí-)执 (chip-)芷 (-Chi-)枝 (ki)，豸 (thoā-)至 (chì)，踯 ()，郅 ()执 (chip-)直 (ti̍t-)枝 (ki-)掷 (tàn-)之 (chi)，枝 (ki-)至 (chì-)豸 (thoā-)趾 (chí)，豸 (thoā-)止 (chí)。\n\n　　郅 ()执 (chip-)芷 (chí-)枝 (ki-)致 (tì-)芝 (-Chi)，芝 (Chi-)执 (chip-)芷 (-chí-)治 (tī-)痔 (tī)，痔 (tī-)止 (chí)。\n\n　　芝 (Chi-)炙 (chià-)脂 (-chi-)雉 (thī-)肢 (ki)致 (tì-)郅 ()。","meta":{"title":"Ti̍t-tī-tī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[103,664,0.15512048192771086],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1834}} -{"text":"Tiong-sa Toā-kiô sio̍k-î Tiong-san Ko-sok Kong-lō͘ ê chi̍t ê khoân-chiat, tāi-piáu cha̍p-toā kiàn-siat kî-kan Saudi A-la-pek tùi Tâi-oân oān-chō͘ ê chêng-hóng.\n**Cha̍p-toā kiàn-siat** (十大建設) sī Tiong-hoâ bîn-kok tī 1970 nî-tāi kàu 1980 nî-tāi sî tī Tâi-oân só͘ chìn-hêng ê chi̍t-koá kok-ka-kip ki-chhó͘ kiàn-siat kang-têng. Tâi-oân chū 1965 nî keng-chè khí-poe āu, kang-gia̍p kiàn-siat ka-sok sêng-tióng, tùi-goā bō͘-e̍k khai-tián; tān-sī kong-kiōng siat-si kap tiōng-iàu goân-liāu í-keng bô-hoat-tō͘ sek-èng su-kiû, keng-chè hoat-tián cho-siū hān-chè. Chē-chē kong-kiōng ki-pún kiàn-siat khiàm-khoeh, pí-lūn chhia-lō͘, káng-kháu, ki-tiûⁿ, hoat-tiān-chhiúⁿ téng-téng. 1973 nî 10 goe̍h, choân-kiû hoat-seng tē-it-chhù chio̍h-iû gûi-ki, chō-sêng iû-kè tióng-koân、bu̍t-chū khiám-khoah, tì-sú kok-kok thong-hòe phòng-tiòng. Siū-tio̍h choân-kiû keng-chè pāi-chhī ê éng-hióng, ūi-tio̍h beh thê-seng kap chhim-hoà chóng-keng-chè-thè hoat-tián, Hêng-chèng-īⁿ īⁿ-tiúⁿ Chiúⁿ Keng-kok thê-chhut khai-sí thui-hêng 10-hāng toā-hêng ki-chhó͘ kiàn-siat kè-ōe. Ùi 1974 nî khai-sí, chì 1979 nî nî-té oân-sêng, tâu-chu chóng-gia̍h Sin-tâi-phiò 2,094-ek îⁿ. Tī cha̍p-toā kiàn-siat tiong, ū 6-hāng sī kau-thong ūn-su kiàn-siat, 3-hāng sī tāng-kang-gia̍p kiàn-siat, 1-hāng sī lêng-goân項hāng-bo̍k kiàn-siat.\n\nLōe-iông\n--------\n\n### Lâm-pak kong-sok kong-lō͘ (Tiong-san Ko-sok Kong-lō͘)\n\n### Thih-lō͘ tiān-khì-hoà\n\n### Pak-hôe thih-lō͘\n\n### Tiong-chèng Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ\n\n### Tâi-tiong-káng\n\n### So͘-ò-káng\n\n### Toā chō-chûn-chhiúⁿ\n\n### Toā liān-kǹg-chhiúⁿ\n\n### Chio̍h-iû hoà-ha̍k kang-gia̍p\n\n### He̍k-lêng hoat-tiān-chhiúⁿ (**Tē-it He̍k-lêng Hoat-tiān-chhiúⁿ**)\n\nHāu-ek\n------\n\n参考文献\n----","meta":{"title":"Cha̍p-tōa kiàn-siat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1619,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1883}} -{"text":"**Kim-sūi-chióng** (金穗獎), chèng-sek ê miâ-hō sī **Chióng-lē Iu-liông Iáⁿ-siōng Chhòng-chok Kim-sūi-sióng** (獎勵優良影像創作金穗獎) sī iû Tâi-oân ê Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Bûn-hoà-pō͘ só͘ koán-hat ê Kok-ka Tiān-iáⁿ Tiong-sim kí-pān ê tiān-iáⁿ chióng-hāng, ūi-tio̍h beh kó͘-lē Tâi-oân ê tiān-iáⁿ kang-chok-jîn hip kap chè-chok hui-siong-gia̍p-sèng ê kio̍k-chêng tiān-iáⁿ, kì-lo̍k-phìⁿ, si̍t-giām tiān-iáⁿ kap tōng-ōe téng-teng. Chit-ê chióng-hāng tī 1978 nî chhòng-li̍p, tú khai-sí hō-chò **Si̍t-giām Tiān-iáⁿ Kim-sūi-chióng** (實驗電影金穗獎), lo̍h-bóe keng-le̍k chē-chē pái kái-miâ, bo̍k-chiân Kim-sūi-chióng lóng-chóng hun chò \"It-poaⁿ Chok-phíⁿ Chióng\" (一般作品獎), \"Ha̍k-seng Thoân-thé Chok-phín Chióng\" (學生團體作品獎) kap \"Kò-jîn Tan-hāng Piáu-hiān Chióng\" (個人單項表現獎). 2010 nî 7 goe̍h 19 hō tē-33 kài Kim-sūi-sióng khai-sí teng-kiāⁿ, pēng chāi 2011 nî 1 goe̍h 18 hō kong-pò ji̍p-soán miâ-toaⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Kim-sūi-chióng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,908,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1028}} -{"text":"Gallium, chi̍t-khoán Kim-sio̍k gôan-sò͘.\n**Kim-sio̍k** sī chi̍t-lūi gôan-sò͘, khah gâu sit-khì tiān-chú lâi piàn chò iông-lî-chú, ia̍h-sī kap kî-thaⁿ kim-sio̍k gôan-chú chi-kan sán-seng kim-sio̍k kiat-ha̍p. \n\nChū-jiân-kài ê kim-sio̍k tōa-hūn lóng-sī í hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t ê hêng-sek chûn-chāi, chí-ū chió-sò͘ sī to̍k-li̍p goân-chú ê hêng-sek, pau-koat n̂g-kim kap gîn-á.\n\nLi̍t-siông seng-o̍ah tiong ê kim-sio̍k it-poaⁿ ū chi̍t-kóa kiōng-tông ê sèng-chit, pau-koat tō-tiān, tō-jia̍t, kim-ku̍t, ū tián-iân-sèng, che-sī in-ūi kim-sio̍k gôan-chú chi-kan ū chū-iû tiān-chú.\n\nKho-ha̍k hun-lūi\n----------------\n\nKho-ha̍k-siōng, kim-sio̍k ē-tàng hun-sêng kúi-ā-ê lūi-pia̍t:\n\n* Alkali kim-sio̍k (鹼金屬)\n* Alkali-thó͘ kim-sio̍k (鹼土金屬)\n* Lāi-kòe-tō͘ goân-sò͘ (內過渡元素)\n\t+ Lanthanum-hē goân-sò͘ (鑭系元素)\n\t+ Actinium-hē goân-sò͘ (錒系元素)\n* Kòe-tō͘ goân-sò͘ (過渡元素)\n* Kî-thaⁿ\n\t+ Pîn-kim-sio̍k (貧金屬), hui-chèng-sek.\n\nChham-khòaⁿ\n-----------\n\n* Chiu-kî-piáu ê goân-sò͘ hun-lūi\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85084167\n* GND: 4038860-8\n* BNF: cb11935875s (data)\n* NDL: 00565895\n* NKC: ph114995\n* BNE: XX524901\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Kim-sio̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[373,1034,0.3607350096711799],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1298}} -{"text":"*Bún-bûn chí 1 khoán bûn-thé. Kî-thaⁿ--ê ì-sù chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ si (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h)*\n\n**Koa-si**, it-poaⁿ kóng **si** (詩), mā kóng **si-sû**, ia̍h **si-chok**, sī bûn-ha̍k ê 1-ê khoán-sek, tī chiâⁿ-chē só͘-chāi, lóng ū kú-tn̂g ê thoân-thóng tī-leh. Si tiāⁿ oá-ūn (mā ū si bô ah-ūn--ê), loē-iông lâi kóng, he̍k-sī siá kám-kak, kám-chêng, he̍k-sī kì-lio̍k tāi-chì kap kong-kéng, tī chē-chē só͘-chāi kap sî-tāi, si lóng sī chin tiōng-iàu ê 1-lūi bûn-ha̍k chok-phín.\n\nSi chia̍p-chia̍p sī í kám-tōng ia̍h sū-chêng chò tiong-sim lâi chhòng-chok--ê, koh toā-pō͘-hūn ê si lóng pí sàn-bûn khah té, tì-sú si pí-kàu ke chin tùi-tiōng piáu-hiān ê chhiú-lō͘, mā lán tī si--ni̍h ē khah-chia̍p hoat-hiān siu-sû ki-khá ê sú-iōng.\n\nKhêng-si̍t beh kóng siáⁿ-khoán chok-phín sī si, siáⁿ-khoán m̄-sī, ū-sî-chūn chin oh poé-hoē. Ū ê chok-phín ū oá-ūn, chóng--sī sǹg-tī ah-ūn ê sàn-bûn, ū ê si soah bô oá-ūn, m̄-koh hō͘ lâng khoàⁿ-chò sī si.\n\nIt-poaⁿ ha̍k-chiá ē ēng chok-phín lāi-té ū si-chit ( si ê sèng-chit )--bô, lâi phoàⁿ-toàn che chok-phín sī m̄-sī si, m̄-koh nā beh kiò ha̍k-chiá kā \"si-chit\" kóng hō͘ bêng koh kàu-kak, khióng-kiaⁿ-á mā bô lâng kóng ū lō͘.\n\nSi ê pō͘-lūi\n------------\n\nĒ-kha ê hun-lūi, pēng m̄-sī kóng ta̍k-siú si lóng ē-ēng-tit kā kui-sio̍k tī ē-bīn ê to̍k-to̍k chi̍t-lūi. Pí-lūn-kóng, 1-siú si, i ū khó-lêng sī chū-iû-si, mā kâng-sî sī kháu-gí-si. Chhin-chhiūⁿ chit-khoán chêng-hêng, lán tō ē-tàng ēng kháu-gí chū-iû-si, ia̍h bûn-giân keh-lu̍t-si ê khoán-sek lâi kiò--in.\n\nSi tī bô-kâng tē-khu tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ū bô-kâng ê kò͘-tēng hêng-sek, chhiūⁿ Ji̍t-pún tō ū haiku (俳句) téng-téng ê chē-chē keh-lu̍t-si-thé tī-leh, só͘-í ē-kha só͘ kí--ê pēng bô chiâu-chn̂g.\n\n### Hêng-sek ê pō͘-lūi\n\n* Keh-lu̍t-si\n* Hàn-si\n\n* Kó͘-thé-si\n\n* Kó͘-si\n* ga̍k-hú\n\n* Kin-thé-si\n\n* Choa̍t-kù\n* Lu̍t-si\n\n* Chū-iû-si - tùi-chiàu keh-lu̍t-si lâi kóng, bô kò͘-tēng keh-lu̍t ê si tō-sī chū-iû-si.\n* Sàn-bûn-si\n\n### Chiàu biô-siá ê tùi-siōng lâi hun ê pō͘-lūi\n\n* Sū-chêng-si\n* Sū-kéng-si\n* Sū-sū-si\n\n### Ēng bûn-jī ê bûn-pe̍h lâi hun\n\n* Kháu-gí-si\n* Bûn-giân-si\n\n### Sî-tāi ê pō͘-lūi\n\n* Hiān-tāi-si\n* Kó͘-chá-si\n\nSi-jîn\n------\n\nĒ-kha sī chi̍t-koá tiōng-iàu ê si-jîn:\n\nSi ê bûn-hòa\n------------\n\n### Hàn-si\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Hàn-si\nÉng-koè gîm-si sī chí kā Hàn-si phoè khek lâi chhiùⁿ ê ì-sù, chit-khoán oa̍h-tōng, tī Tiong-kok, Ji̍t-pún, Tâi-oân he̍k-sī pa̍t-ūi sio̍k-tī Hàn-jī Bûn-hoà-khu ê só͘-chāi, lóng bat chin sî-kiâⁿ.\n\nÌn-jī ê ki-su̍t phó͘-ki̍p liáu-āu, chiâⁿ-chē si ê chok-phín lóng ēng oa̍h-jī ìn-pán, mā khai-sí ū khah-chē lâng kong-khai lóng-tho̍k si-chok, ia̍h-sī phoè khek lâi chhiùⁿ. Hiān-chhú-sî, mā tiāⁿ ū kong-khai kā si lóng-tho̍k he̍k-sī phoè-ha̍p im-ga̍k lâi piáu-ián ê oa̍h-tōng, pí-lūn Tâi-pak-chhī ê Koa-si-cheh (Hoâ-gí: 詩歌節), koh ta̍k-nî gō͘-goe̍h-cheh ê si-jîn-cheh lóng sī.\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*","meta":{"title":"Koa-si","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[261,2757,0.09466811751904244],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3324}} -{"text":"**Open Source Enterprise** (ing-gú:Open Source Enterprise (OSE); **Khai-guân khì-gia̍p**) sī tsi̍t-ê tì-li̍k teh khai-guân tsîng-pò [en] ê Bí-kok tsìng-hú tsoo-tsit, iû kok-ka khai-guân tsîng-pò tsōo-lí hù-tsú-jīm [en] (ADDNI/OS) Eliot A. Jardines [en] sóo tshòng-li̍p. OSE thong-kuè tsài-suànn sin-bûn ho̍k-bū \"kok-tsè sin-bûn luī-pian [en]\" hiòng kok-ka ki-su̍t sìn-sit ho̍k-bū-kio̍k [en] (NTIS) hām kî-thann tsìng-hú kuann-guân thê-kiong tsâi-liāu.\n\nLi̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTī 1992-nî 11-gue̍h, sî-jīm Bí-kok tsham-gī-īnn tsîng-pò ti̍k-pia̍t uí-guân-huē [en] tsú-si̍k ê tsham-gī-guân David Lyle Boren [en] huat-khí 1992-nî ê \"Kok-ka an-tsuân-huat\", tshì-tôo teh Bí-kok tsîng-pò-kài si̍t-hiān sik-tōo kái-kik. David Boren teh tsiòng-gī-īnn siông-siat tsîng-pò ti̍k-pia̍t uí-guân-huē ê tuì-tshiú sī kok-huē gī-guân Dave McCurdy. Tsiòng-gī-īnn pán-pún ê li̍p-huat pau-kuat tsi̍t-ê tan-to̍k ê khai-guân pān-kong-sik, kin-kū Larry Prior ê kiàn-gī, Larry Prior sī tsi̍t-miâ hái-kun ū-pī-i̍k jîn-guân, ióng-iú hái-kun lio̍k-tsiàn-tuī tsîng-pò su-līng-pōo king-giām, jiân-āu teh tsiòng-gī-īnn siông-siat ti̍k-pia̍t uí-guân-huē tam-jīm tsîng-pò jîn-guân ê tsit-bū.\n\nAspin-Brown uí-guân-huē tī 1996-nî piáu-sī, Bí-kok tuì khai-guân ê tshú-lí \"giâm-tiōng put-tsiok\", tse ing-kai sī tsu-kim hām DCI kuan-tsù ê \"Siú-iau jīm-bū\".\n\nTī 2004-nî 7-gue̍h huat-pòo ê pò-kò tang-tiong, 9/11 uí-guân-huē [en] kiàn-gī kiàn-li̍p tsi̍t-ê khai-guân ki-kòo; m̄-ku pīng-b tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo ê sè-tsiat hi̍k-tsiá phîng-lūn. Suî-āu, tuā-kui-bôo sat-siong-síng bú-khì uí-guân-huē (mā kiò-tsò Robb-Silberman uí-guân-huē) tī 2005-nî 3-gue̍h ê pò-kò tang-tiong kiàn-gī teh tiong-iong tsîng-pò-kio̍k siat-li̍p tsi̍t-ê khai-guân lí-sū-huē.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ See page 413 of the 9-11 Commission Report (pdf) Archived 2007-07-05 at the Wayback Machine.. (Eng-gí)\n\nÊn-sin ua̍t-to̍k\n----------------\n\n* Initial Assessment on the Implementation of The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Kok-tsè sin-bûn luī-pian [en] (World News Connection)\n* Kok-ka ki-su̍t sìn-sit ho̍k-bū-kio̍k [en] (National Technical Information Service (NTIS))\n* Mandiant\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Open Source Center (OSC) Becomes Open Source Enterprise (OSE) – Federation Of American Scientists (Eng-gí)\n\ntemplate:United States intelligence agencies [en]","meta":{"title":"Open Source Enterprise","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[427,2200,0.1940909090909091],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2569}} -{"text":"Ko Kim Sò͘-mûi\n**Ko Kim Sò͘-mûi** (Hàn miâ: 高金素梅), Tayal-cho̍k miâ \"**Ciwas Ali**\" (Hoat-im: Chī-óa-sir A-lí), kong-goân 1965 nî 9 ge̍h 21 ji̍t chhut-sì tī Tâi-oân Tâi-tiong-koān Hô-pêng-hiong Kok-koan chhoan; sio̍k-î Tâi-oân chāi-tōe goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k ê Tayal-cho̍k, mā-sī Boán-chiu-cho̍k.\n\nKeng-le̍k\n---------\n\nKo Kim Sò͘-mûi hiān-chú-sî sī Tâi-oân ê chi̍t-ê li̍p-hoat úi-oân, sio̍k-î Bô tóng Thoân-kiat Liân-bêng. Éng-kòe, bōe chhap chèng-tī ê chìn-chêng, i bat chòe kòe koa-chhiú, ián-oân kah chú-chhî-jîn.\n\nHa̍k-le̍k\n---------\n\n* Tâi-tiong-kōan Hô-pêng Kok-sió (pit-gia̍p)\n* Tâi-tiong-kōan Hô-pêng Kok-tiong (pit-gia̍p)\n* Chheng-liân Kok-tiong Iáⁿ-sī-kho (chhut-gia̍p)\n\nIán-gē seng-gâi\n---------------\n\n### Khek-pôaⁿ lia̍t-toaⁿ\n\n* JIN金素梅專輯 (Kim Sò·-mûi Choan-chip)\n* 背叛風情 (Pōe-pōan Hong-chêng)\n* 卸妝 (Sià-chng)\n* 多情痴心 (To-chêng Chhi-sim)\n* 潮 (Tiâu)\n* 情關 (Chêng-koan) ps. Bân-lâm-gú, tùi-chhiùⁿ-khek\n* 天使的翅膀 (Thian-sài ê Si̍t-kó·)\n\n### Tiān-sī chok-phín lia̍t-toaⁿ\n\n* 挑夫 (Taⁿ-tàⁿ-kong)\n* 不了情 (Put-liáu-chêng)\n* 婉君表妹 (Oán-kun Piáu-mōe)\n* 三朵花 (Saⁿ lúi hoe)\n* 愛 (Ài)\n* 緣 (Iân)\n* 秦俑 (Chîn-ióng)\n* 啞巴與新娘 (É-káu-á kah Sin-niû)\n* 丈夫不見了 (Ang-sài Pháng--kìⁿ ah)\n\n### Tiān-iáⁿ chok-phín lia̍t-toaⁿ\n\n* 喜宴 (Hí-iàn)\n* 將邪神劍 (Chiòng-siâ Sîn-kiàm)\n* 梅珍 (Mûi-tin)\n* 女湯 (Lú-thong)\n\n### Chú-chhî ê chiat-bo̍k\n\n* 點燈 (Tiám-teng)","meta":{"title":"Ko Kim Sò͘-mûi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[612,1227,0.49877750611246946],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1500}} -{"text":"**Hái-kiap Se-hoāⁿ Keng-chè-khu** (海峽西岸經濟區), kán-chheng **Hái-se Keng-chè-khu** ia̍h **Hái-se**, sī Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Jîn-bîn Chèng-hú tī 2004 nî thê-chhut ê chiàn-lio̍k kò͘-sióng. 2009 nî 5 goe̍h 4 hō chiau-khai ê Kok-bū-īⁿ Siông-bū Hōe-gī thó-lūn pēng goân-chek thong-kòe Koan-î Chi-chhî Hok-kiàn-séng Ka-khoài Kiàn-siat Hái-kiap Se-hoāⁿ Keng-chè-khu tek Jio̍k-kan Ì-kiàn, keng-kòe chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ siu-kái liáu-āu, iû Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Kok-bū-īⁿ hoat-pò͘.\n\n2009 nî 5 goe̍h 14 hō, Tiong-kok Chèng-hú Bāng choân-bûn khan-teng Koan-î Chi-chhî Hok-kiàn-séng Ka-khoài Kiàn-siat Hái-kiap Se-hoāⁿ Keng-chè-khu tek Jio̍k-kan Ì-kiàn.\n\n2011 nî 3 goe̍h, Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Kok-bū-īⁿ chèng-sek phe-chún Hái-kiap Se-hoāⁿ Keng-chè-khu Hoat-tián Kui-ōe (海峽西岸經濟區發展規劃). 2011 nî 4 goe̍h 8 hō, Kok-ka Hoat-tián hām Kái-kek Úi-oân-hōe choân-bûn hoat-pò͘ Hái-kiap Se-hoāⁿ Keng-chè-khu Hoat-tián Kui-ōe.\n\nKui-ōe chí-chhut, beh kā se-hoāⁿ kiàn-siat chiâⁿ-chò kho-ha̍k hoat-tián chi khu, kái-kek khai-hòng chi khu, bûn-bêng siông-hô chi khu, seng-thài iu-bí chi khu, chiâⁿ-chò Tiong-kok sin ê keng-chè cheng-tióng khu.\n\nHok-chiu, Choân-chiu, Ē-mn̂g, Un-chiu, Soàⁿ-thâu sî Hái-kiap Se-hoāⁿ Keng-chè-khu ê 5-toā tiong-sim siâⁿ-chhī.\n\n2011 nî 7 goe̍h 29 hō siōng-lō͘ ê Hok-kiàn-séng lāi ê 9 ê siâⁿ-chhī ki-bîn chiân-óng Kim-mn̂g, Má-chó͘ kap Phêⁿ-ô͘ kò-jîn-iû, put-tek tiong-choán chì Tâi-oân pún-tó. 2012 nî 8 goe̍h 28 hō, koh khai-hòng Hái-se tē-khu ê 11 ê siâⁿ-chhī ê ki-bîn chiân-óng Kim Má Phêⁿ chū-iû-hêng chèng-chhek. Kàu-taⁿ khai-hòng liáu 20 ê siâⁿ-chhī. Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Lio̍k-úi-hōe piáu-sī, keng-iû Lōe-chèng-pō͘ Ji̍t-chhut-kok kap Î-bîn-sú ê phêng-kó͘, ùi 2015 nî 1 goe̍h 1 hō khí, ùi Tiong-kok kàu Kim-mn̂g, Má-chó͘ kap Phêⁿ-ô͘ ē-tàng pān-lí lo̍h-tē-chhiam ji̍p-kèng.","meta":{"title":"Hái-kiap Se-hoāⁿ Keng-chè-khu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1787,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2045}} -{"text":"*Koan-hē tiān-náu nńg-thé chhiáⁿ-koàn Opera (liû-lám-khì) chit-phiⁿ, kî-tha ì-sù chham-khó Opera (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h).*\n**Opera** (\"Ó͘-phē-là\", \"koa-ke̍k\") sī iōng im-ga̍k lâi liân-koàn ah-sī í im-ga̍k ûi-chú ê *bú-tâi chok-phín*, sī chi̍t khoán koa-kio̍k. Ó͘-phē-là tī chha-put-to se-gôan 1600 nî ê sî-chūn tī-leh Italia ê Firenze, pēng-chhiáⁿ tī 17 sè-kí bóe tī Italia tē-khu liû-hêng. Kàu 18 sè-kí tiong tō thôan-pò· kàu tōa-pō·-hūn ê Se-au tē-khu.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Khí-gôan\n\nÓ͘-phē-là ê gôan-thâu ē-ēng tui-sok-kàu *kó·-chá sî-tāi Hi-lia̍p ê pi-kio̍k*; nā-sī m̄-kóan Hi-lia̍p pi-kio̍k kah chha-put-to se-gôan 900 nî-tāi tī-leh Au-chiu ián-chhut ê Liturgical Drama, tio̍h bô-hoat-tō· lâi thàm-thó ó·-phē-là ê le̍k-sú. Tī-leh hit-tang-chūn ê chit-khóan \"Liturgical Drama\" sī í to̍k-chhiùⁿ, ha̍p-chhiùⁿ kah kán-tan ê khì-ga̍k phōaⁿ-chàu kò·-sêng ê. Chia-ê hì-kio̍k ùi 1200 nî kàu 1300 nî hoat-tián pìⁿ-chò \"Miracle\" tī-leh Au-chiu sì-kè liû-thôan; kòe bô-gōa-kú, tī-leh ó·-phē-là ê tàn-seng-tē, Italia, mā iōng \"Mystery\" ê miâ lâi ián-chhut, piàn-chò ó·-phē-là kah Oratorio ê sian-chó·. Chia-ê hì-kio̍k lóng-sī tī-leh *kàu-hōe* lāi sán-seng, it-ti̍t kàu chha-put-to 1400 nî chiah kai-sí kàu kàu-tn̂g í-gōa ê só·-chāi chò ián-chhut.\n\n### Tàn-seng\n\nIm-ga̍k kah tiûⁿ-kéng kiat-ha̍p ián-chhut ê chiat-bo̍k, tī-leh *Renaissance* sî-kî ê Italia, khai-sí chhut-hiān kok-chióng ê kó-lêng-sèng. Tī-leh Mantova ê Gonzaga hú-tē kah Vicenza chiah-ê só·-chāi, lóng-ū ián kòe Pastorale kah Intermedio ê kì-chài; chit-kî-tiong siōng-tiōng-iàu ê chi̍p-hōe só·-chāi chiū-sī Firenze ê Medici hú-tē. Kàu kin-á-ji̍t sui-jiân mā-sī ū chiok chōe bô-kâng ê lūn-tiāu, m̄-koh it-poaⁿ lóng-sī kā í Giovanni de' Bardi chò tiong-sim ê Camerata jîn-sū, í ho̍k-heng kó· Hi-lia̍p hì-kio̍k ūi bo̍k-piau só· chhòng-chō chhut-lâi ê chok-phín, tòng-chò sī siōng kó·-chá ê ó·-phē-là, iā-sī ó·-phē-là ê tàn-seng. In-ūi siōng kó·-chá ê Jacopo Corsi kah Jacopo Peri téng-téng lâng chhòng-chok ê *Dafne* í-keng sit-thôan ah, chū-án-ne, Jacopo Peri ê *Euridice* tio̍h bìⁿ-chò hiān-chú-sî iáu-koh pó-chûn ū ôan-chéng ga̍k-phó· ê siōng kó·-chá ê ó·-phē-là. Giulio Caccini kah Emilio de' Cavalieri téng-téng āu-lâi ê tiōng-iàu ê chok-khek-ka, lóng bat chham-ka chit-ê chok-phín ê ián-chhut.\n\n1607 nî tī Mantova thâu-chi̍t-pái ián-chhut ê Monteverdi ê L'Orfeo sī lēng-gōa chi̍t-chhut tiōng-iàu ê chok-pín. Che mā-sī ó·-phē-là le̍k-sú siōng tē-it-ê kia̍t-chok. Ūi Peri kàu Monteverdi ê tōa chìn-pō· kan-nā keng-kòe chhit-nî chiah té ê sî-kan, tī-leh ó·-phē-là le̍k-sú siōng sī tiōng-iàu ê chìn-hòa. Monteverdi ī tī-leh tē-jī-nî iū-koh ôan-sêng L'Arianna, bóan-sòe mā ôan-sêng ūi-tio̍h Venezia ê San Cassiano ke̍k-īⁿ só· chò ê Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria kah *L'incoronazione di Poppea* téng-téng kia̍t-chok.\n\n### Hoat-tián -- Kàu 18 sè-kí ûi-chí\n\nÓ·-phē-là tī Firenze tàn-seng, tī Mantova hoat-tián, mān-mān-á tī kui-ê Italia liû-thôan. Tī chit-tōaⁿ sî-kan lāi-bīn, Venezia pí Bolognia, Roma chit-kóa só·-chāi ê tē-ūi koh-khah tiōng-iàu. Venezia tī 1637 nî í-keng ū sêng-li̍p ū bē phiò ê kong-chiòng ó·-phē-là háu-sù. Ùi Monteverdi ê ó·-phē-là khai-sí, kàu 1700 nî ûi-chí, hit-ê ó·-phē-là háu-sù í-keng ián kòe 400 chhut í-siōng ê ó·-phē-là.\n\nKàu 18 sè-kí, ó·-phē-là ê tiong-sim chóan-kàu Naples, pēng-chhiá chhut-hian Allesandro Scarlatti kap G. B. Pergolesi téng-téng ê chhut-kioh chok-khek-ka. Chit-ê sî-kî í Pietro Metastasio thê-chhióng ê ó·-phē-là seria chok-khek-hoat kap khip-siu intermedio hong-keh ê ó·-phē-là buffa ûi-chú. Kî-tiong Pergolesi ê La Serva Padrona sī ó·-phē-là buffa ê tāi-piáu chok-phín. Chit-chhut ó·-phē-là í intermezzo ê hong-sek kap i ê 3-bō· ó·-phē-là seria Il Prigionier superbo kiōng-tông siú-ián. Chit-ê sî-kî ê chok-khek-hoat siōng-kài ē-ta̍t-tit chú-ì ê tio̍h-sī da capo aria ê soe-ōng. Da capo aria tio̍h sī A-B-A hêng-sek ê aria, tiong-kan ū chū-iû chit-hèng ê chng-thāⁿ. Thiaⁿ-chiòng tùi bêng-jîn chit-hèng ê hí-ài, kap tùi kek-chok-phín gē-su̍t ê tiōng-sī, chit-chióng hèng-chhù ê chóan-piàn tio̍h sī hoat-seng chit-ê hiān-siōng ê gôan-in só·-chāi. Chit-khóan tian-tò-péng ê hèng-chhù āu-lâi mā it-tit éng-hióng tio̍h ó·-phē-là ê hoat-tián.\n\n### 19 sè-kí ê Italia\n\nGaetano Donizetti sī 19 sè-kí chá-kî Italia opera ê tiōng-iàu jîn-bu̍t, i kap Gioacchino Rossini, Mercadante, koh ū Pacini, chhú-chhî liáu 19 sè-kí chêng pòaⁿ tōaⁿ ê opera hoat-tián. In hoat-tián liáu bel canto (ì-sù: Bí-lē ê chhiùⁿ-koa) lūi-hêng ê opera.\n\n### 19 sè-kí ê Hoat-kok\n\nÙi 19 sè-kí chêng pòaⁿ kî, sin Lô-bān-chú-gī ūn-tōng ê pōe-kéng ē-té, ka-chhiūⁿ Āu-Napoléon sî-tāi (Napoléon 1-sè sit-sè liáu-āu) ê siā-hōe kap chèng-tī tùi sin sè-kài tia̍t-sū ê tui-kiû chi hā, sán-seng liáu \"Tōa Koa-kio̍k\" (*grand opera*) ê Opera hêng-sek.\n\n### 19 sè-kí ê Tek-kok\n\nTek-kok ê Lô-bān-chú-gī ùi Opera-kài hoat-tián chhut phian-hiòng tāi-chiòng hêng-sek ê kok-bîn bûn-hòa, piáu-hiān in bûn-hòa ê cheng-sîn, kî-tiong tāi-piáu-chiá sī Carl Maria von Weber.\n\n### 19 sè-kí kàu 20 sè-kí\n\nHoat-kok ê Claude Debussy sǹg sī siāng bóe chi̍t ūi sio̍k-í Lô-bān-chú-gī ūn-tōng ê chok-khek-ka, i î-it ê opera chok-phín sī 1902 nî ê *Pelléas et Mélisande*. I sin khoán ê im-ga̍k hêng-sek hong chheng-chò sī Ìn-siōng-phài, che sī tùi hit chūn kōe-ōe gē-su̍t ūn-tōng hō--lâi-ê.\n\n### Tang-au kah kî-thaⁿ ê kok-ka\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\n### Operetta ê hoat-tián\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nChióng-lūi kán-kài\n------------------\n\nTī-leh Italia, ó·-phē-là bô-lūn sī chèng-thóng-kio̍k ah-sī hí-kio̍k, it-poaⁿ lâi kóng chéng chhut hì lóng sī iōng chhiùⁿ-koa ê hong-sek lâi piáu-hiān. Lēng-gōa tī-leh Se-au ê kî-thaⁿ chi̍t-kóa só·-chāi sī hoat-tián chhut-lâi chhiùⁿ-koa kah tâi-sû kau-thè chìn-hêng ê lūi-hêng.\n\n### Opera seria\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Opera seria\n*Opera seria* sī Italia-gí ēng-gí, chí chun-kùi jî-chhiá kha toan-chong hong-keh ê Italia opera. Pún khoán koa-kio̍k tī 1710 nî-tāi kài tāi-khāi 1770 nî chó-iū ùi Au-chiu sī chú-liû.\n\n### Opera buffa\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Opera buffa\n*Opera buffa* sī Italia chi̍t khoán chhù-bī-sèng ê opera.\n\n### Singspiel\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Singspiel\n*Singspiel* jī-bīn ê ì-sù sī \"chhiùⁿ-hì\", sī Tek-gí ê koa-kio̍k chi̍t khoán, mā hông sǹg chò sī opera chi̍t chióng.\n\n### Grand opera\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Grand opera\n*Grand opera* sī chi̍t khoán tōa-hêng ê opera, chù-tiōng chhia-hoa ê bú-tâi hāu-kó kap siat-kè.\n\n### Music Drama\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\n### Operetta\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Operetta\n*Operetta* sī put-koán tī im-ga̍k ia̍h sī bu̍t-chit an-pâi lóng khah khin-khó ê opera hêng-sek.\n\n### Kî-thaⁿ\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nLāi-iông kò·-chō\n----------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nPiáu-hiān chhiú-hoat\n--------------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nKok-chióng ê im-sek\n-------------------\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Fisher, Burton D. pian. (2002). *A History of Opera: Milestones and Metamorphoses*. Opera Classics Library. ISBN 978-1930841819.\n\n### Chù-kha\n\n1. ↑ Fisher 2002, p. 129\n2. ↑ Fisher 2002, p. 148\n3. ↑ Fisher 2002, p. 78\n4. ↑ Fisher 2002, pp. 342—343","meta":{"title":"Opera","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[194,6961,0.027869558971412155],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8400}} -{"text":"\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n|  Chu-chúPek-ka |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Jû-ka |\n| |\n| Tō-ka |\n| |\n| Hoat-ka |\n| |\n| Be̍k-ka |\n| |\n| Bêng-ka |\n| |\n| Im-iông-ka |\n| |\n| Chhiòng-hêng-ka |\n| |\n| Cha̍p-ka |\n| |\n| Lông-ka |\n| |\n| Sió-soat-ka |\n| |\n| Peng-ka |\n| |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n |\n\n**Peng-ka** (兵家) sī Tiong-kok Chhun-chhiu Chiàn-kok sî-tāi ê Chu-chú Pek-ka chi-it. Peng-ka só͘ gián-kiù kap thó-lūn ê chú-iàu sī kun-sū su-sióng; ha̍k-soat ê tiōng-tiám tī-leh \"iōng-peng\" (用兵), tio̍h sī chiàn-su̍t kap chiàn-lio̍k ê būn-tê. Chhun-chhiu Chiàn-kok sî-tāi ê Peng-ka tāi-piáu jîn-bu̍t ū Sun Bú, Sun Pîn kap Gô͘ Khí téng-téng. Chhun-chhiu Chiàn-kok liáu-āu, chai-iáⁿ kun-sū ê kun-sū-ka mā ē pī kui-lūi chò Peng-ka ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn.","meta":{"title":"Peng-ka","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[124,563,0.2202486678507993],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1023}} -{"text":"\n**Peng-kî-lîm** ia̍h-sī kiò chò **Peng-kî-lîn**, **ái-su̍h-khu-lìm** (ice cream) chú-iàu sī ēng gû-leng-iû (chhian-hun-chi-10 í-siōng ê hâm-liōng), gû-leng, thn̂g, chúi chè-chō--ê léng-tòng chhùi-chia̍h-mi̍h, sī chi̍t-khoán peng ê sì-siù-á. In-ūi í-chêng bē peng-kî-lîm ê lâng lóng khiâ-chhia leh-bē, ná-khiâ ná chhih pa-pu, só͘-í mā ū lâng koàn-sì kā kiò-chò **pa-pu**. Ūi-tio̍h beh-ū khah-chōe kháu-bī iâu ōe chham phang-liāu, kî-tha si̍t-iōng châi-liāu, kah chúi-kó. Tī chia châi-liāu chò-hóe kiáu-lā hō͘-i chiâu kah iûⁿ. Ūi-tio̍h beh-ū khah-hó--ê kháu-kám, ū-thang-sî-a tī chè-chō kōe-têng-tiong ái put-thêng lâi tī ka-ln̂g--ê (hêng-thé chi̍t-lia̍p chi̍t-lia̍p bô-iù--ê) goân-liāu ká hō͘-in iù-iù-iù, mî-mî-mî. Jiân-āu léng-tòng siu-khǹg, pó-chhî mài hō͘-i iûⁿ-khì.\n\nChi̍t-chióng peng-phín hoàn-bōe hêng-thé tû-liáu soàⁿ-chng, beh-chi̍ah tah chiàu-thâu-á lâi khat í-goā, mā iáu-ū kah chi̍t-ki pìⁿ, chi̍t-chióng hêng-thé kiò-chò ki-á-peng--ê lâi-teh hō͘-lâng bóe.\n\nChit chióng si̍t-phín chē-lâng ài chia̍h. M̄-koh in-ūi êng-ióng-hun ū khah-koân, ūi-tio̍h kok-chióng goân-in lâi teh kiám-tāng ê lâng khó-lêng ài-khah khiûⁿ-chhùi--ê, m̄-thang bô-hun-chhùn siuⁿ-chia̍h, chiah-bē sit-khì khòng-chè.\n\nSiang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* Ki-á-peng\n* Chhoah-peng\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Ice cream*** |","meta":{"title":"Peng-kî-lîm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[75,1302,0.0576036866359447],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1551}} -{"text":"**Kà-o̍h giân-gí**, ia̍h sī **kà-o̍h mûi-thé** (eng. *medium of instruction*), he̍k-chiá sī **ha̍k-hāu giân-gí** (tek. *Schulsprache*), sī ēng tī kà-o̍h khang-khòe ê giân-gí, ia̍h tiō sī kàu-oân kap khò-pún kài-siāu tì-sek, kap ha̍k-seng chi kan hō͘-siōng kau-liû ê kòe-têng só͘ kóng ê giân-gí.\n\nKok tē-hng ê àn-lē\n------------------\n\nTī Ka-ná-tah, tōa-hūn kong-li̍p ha̍k-hāu sú-iōng Eng-gí he̍k-chiá Hoat-gí chò kà-o̍h mûi-thé; Hoat-gí chú-iàu sī Quebec Séng ê phiau-chún. Ū chi̍t kóa Sai-pak Léng-thó͘ kap Nunavut ê tē-hng ha̍k-hāu, sú-iōng chhiūⁿ Inuinnaqtun ia̍h Tłı̨chǫ téng giân-gí ùi in-ê ha̍k-hāu hē-thóng. Ka-ná-tah kok tē, iáu ū chi̍t kóa ha̍k-hāu sī chhái-ēng î-bîn ê giân-gí.\n\nÙi Bí-kok, Bí-kok Eng-gí sī chú-iàu--ê, chóng-sī ia̍h ū chi̍t kóa ha̍k-hāu ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí, Hoat-gí (ùi Louisiana), Hawaii-gí kap Bí-chiu goân-chū-bîn giân-gí. Cherokee Kok (*Cherokee Nation*) ū chi̍t hāng 10 nî ê giân-gí pó-chûn kè-ōe, siūⁿ beh pôe-ióng chhut tùi gín-á-sî tio̍h kóng liàn-tńg Cherokee-gí ê lâng. Cherokee Pó-chûn Ki-kim-hōe (*Cherokee Preservation Foundation*) í-keng chiong 300 bān bí-kim tâu ji̍p tī ha̍k-hāu siat-li̍p, hùn-liān kàu-su, hoat-tián khoân-kéng téng sū-bū.\n\nHiong-káng ê chho͘-téng kap tiong-téng ha̍k-hāu sú-iōng Eng-gí he̍k-chiá Kńg-tang-gí chò kà-o̍h mûi-thé. In-ê EMI (English as Medium Instruction) ha̍k-hāu tio̍h sī chhái-ēng Eng-gí--ê; CMI (Chinese as Medium Instruction) sī chhái-ēng chiàu Kńg-tang-ōe-im lâi tha̍k ê Tiong-bûn, jî-chhiá si̍t-chè siōng lāi-bīn mā bē-chió sī ēng Eng-gí siōng-khò.\n\nTī Ukraina, chū thoat-lî So͘-liân liáu-āu, khai-sí ū chiong Lō͘-se-a-gí thè-ōaⁿ chò Ukraina-gí ê chèng-chhek. Ha̍k-hāu ēng Lō͘-se-á-gí ê tùi 1999 nî ê 4000 gōa keng kiám kàu 2007 nî ê 1000 gōa keng.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Siang-gí kàu-io̍k\n* Giân-gí kap kàu-io̍k\n* Giân-gí chèng-chhek\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ \"Native Now : Language: Cherokee\". *We Shall Remain - American Experience - PBS*. 2008. April 9, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"Cherokee Language Revitalization\". *Cherokee Preservation Foundation*. 2014. April 9, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ 吳庭宇 & 李勤岸 (2015). \"烏克蘭ê社會語言現狀kap語言政策\". *臺灣國際研究季刊*. **11** (2). CS1 pó-ióng: Ēng authors chham-sò͘ (link)\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n* The use of Vernacular Languages in Education UNESCO 1953","meta":{"title":"Kà-o̍h giân-gí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[422,2135,0.19765807962529275],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2556}} -{"text":"**Kài-hòa** (Hàn-jī: 鈣化; Eng-gí: calcification) sī kài-iâm tîm-chek tī iú-ki cho·-chit lāi-té, sú-tit i pìⁿ tēng ê kòe-têng.\n\nÊng-ióng-put-liông-sèng kài-hòa\n-------------------------------\n\nÊng-ióng-put-liông-sèng kài-hòa (*dystrophic calcification*) sī siū-siong, piàn-sèng, he̍k sí--khì ê cho·-chit lāi-té kài ê tîm-chek, ē hoat-seng tī hiat-kài lông-tō· chèng-siông ê chêng-hóng. Tī jīm-hô hêng-sek ê cho·-chit siū-siong i lóng-ē sán-seng, m̄-koh ū pū-lâng e̍k-hòa (*suppurative liquefaction*), gêng-hiat hāi-sú (*coagulation necrosis*), chí-hông piàn-sèng (*fatty degeneration*), kap kàⁿ-sò· hāi-sú (*enzymatic necrosis*) ê chêng-hóng te̍k-pia̍t ē tú--tio̍h. Siāng-chia̍p tú--tio̍h ê chióng-lūi sī kiat-he̍k hāi-sú (*tuberculous necrosis*), tōng-me̍h-ngē-hòa (*arteriosclerosis*), kap lia̍p-á-jiah (*scar*). Khí-hōaⁿ, chhùi-chi̍h, he̍k chhùi-phóe sī siāng-gâu hoat-seng êng-ióng-put-liông-sèng kài-hòa ê pō·-ūi.","meta":{"title":"Kài-hoà","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,883,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1037}} -{"text":"\nShows Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum through phospholipase C (PLC) pathway.\n**Kài sìn-hō** (Eng-gí：**Calcium signaling**), sī khu-sià sè-pau lāi-gōa hō͘-siong kau-liû ê chi̍t-ê thoân-ta̍t kòe-thêng, sī sè-pau sī sìn-sit thoân-ta̍t ê chi̍t-chióng, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ chò tē-jī sìn-sài. Ca2+ it-tàn ji̍p-khì1 sè-pau-chit, ē hō͘ te̍k-tēng nn̄g-pe̍h ê kiat-kò͘ piàn-tōng (phì-jū Kài tiāu-nn̄g-pe̍h), chiah-ē sán-seng sìn-hō. Ca2+ ê lông-tō͘ í-kip kū-lî lóng éng-hióng sìn-sit thoân-ta̍t ê chok-iōng kap éng-hióng-le̍k.\n\nLông-tō͘ piàn-tōng\n------------------\n\nTng sè-pau ê mo̍͘h-tiān-ūi teh Hioh-khùn mo̍͘h-tiān-ūi ê sî-chūn, chit-sî ê Ca2+ lông-tō͘ tāi-iok sī 100 nM [en]；pí sè-pau chi-kan thoân-ta̍t sî ê Ca2+ lông-tō͘ khak kē 2 bān kàu 10 bān pōe. Beh î-chhî Hioh-khùn mo̍͘h-tiān-ūi sî ê kē lông-tō͘, ē iōng lūi-sū phòng-phù ê hêng-sek, kā Ca2+ sàng kàu 粒線體、內質網 a̍h-sī sè-pau chi-kan. Sìn-hō hoat-chhut ē ùi te̍k-tēng ê mo̍͘h-nn̄g-pe̍h í-kip pau-khì chò thiu-thè-khì1 (kiàn-kiat Ca2+), jiân-āu thong-kè sè-pau-mo̍͘h.\n\n### Thoân-ta̍t lō͘-\n\n#### Lîn-chi-mûi C\n\nPhospholipase C cleaving PIP2 into IP3 and DAG\nKán-chheng chò **PLC**(siông-sè khòaⁿ Lîn-chi-mûi C). Sī chia̍p-khòaⁿ ê sìn-hō thoân-ta̍t lō͘-kèng, chit-chióng nn̄g-pe̍h-mûi ē-tàng chhiok-chìn 內質網 a̍h-sī sè-pau-mo̍͘h phah-khui thong-tō, hō͘ sè-pau-chit lāi ê Ca2+ lông-tō͘ khoài-sok chhèng-koân káu 500-1000 nM [en], lîn-chi-mûi C tī sìn-hō choán-tō tiong pān-ián tiōng-iàu ê kak-sek.\n\n* I-hā sī hoat-chhut Kài sìn-hō ê pō͘-chō͘：\n\n1. G nn̄g-pe̍h liân-siū-thé kap 受體酪胺酸激酶 [en] sī chia̍p-khòaⁿ ê khòa-mô͘-nn̄g-pe̍h (chéng-ha̍p thong-tō nn̄g-pe̍h), oa̍h-hòa PLC。\n2. PLC hō͘ PIP2 [en] chhui-hòa koh chúi-kái chhut Ki-sûn-sam-lîn-sng, koh-chài, Ki-sûn-sam-lîn-sn koh chúi-kái chhut Jī-sng-kam-iû-chi. Ki-sûn-sam-lîn-sn kap Jī-sng-kam-iû-chi lóng-sī chia̍p-khòaⁿ ê tē-jī sìn-sài.\n3. Jī-sng-kam-iû-chi ê lông-tō͘ thê-seng koh oa̍h-hòa Nn̄g-pe̍h kek-mûi C, óng sè-pau-mo̍͘h ê hong-hiòng chū-chi̍p.\n4. Ki-sûn-sam-lîn-sng ē-tàng khok-sàn kàu kui-ê sè-pau, khàm ji̍p-khì pêⁿ-chhia-chhia ê lāi-chit-bāng siū-thé (肌醇三磷酸受體 [en])。\n5. 肌醇三磷酸受體 [en] phah-khui thong-tō pàng-chhut Ca2+。\n6. Ca2+ kap Nn̄g-pe̍h kek-mûi C kiat-ha̍p koh oa̍h-hòa.\n\n#### Lông-tō͘ siau-hàu kap cheng-ka\n\nTng sè-pau tiong Ca2+ ê lông-tō͘ kàng-kē, SOC channels [en] ē hông oa̍h-hòa, koh khai-hòng chìn-ji̍p 內質網 ê thong-tō. Ca2+ chìn-ji̍p lāi-chit-bāng ê chit-chióng hong-sek, chheng-chò 鈣釋放激活通道(ICRAC) [en]；ICRAC [en] tek-khak ê ki-chè iû-goân bô khak-tēng, chiū-sǹg-sī ū gián-kiú chí-chhut STIM1 [en] nn̄g-pe̍h、Orai1 nn̄g-pe̍h, khó-lêng sī ICRAC chìn-ji̍p 內質網 thong-tō ê mô͘-hêng tiong ê kài-thé；chòe-kīn iā-ū gián-kiú chí-chhut khó-lêng sī Lîn-chi-mûi A2、菸酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸 [en]。\n\nChò Tē-jī sìn-sài\n-----------------\n\nTē jī sìn-sài chú-iàu chok-iōng sī hiáng-èng tē-it sìn-sài, hū-chek sìn-hō choán-tō lâi sán-seng seng-lí piàn-hòa, pí-jū：cheng-sit、sè-pau hun-hòa、chhian-sóa、chûn-oa̍h kap sè-pau tiau-bông, siông-kìⁿ tē-jī sìn-sài hē-thóng.\n\nChham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------","meta":{"title":"Kài sìn-hō","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[749,2977,0.2515955660060464],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3458}} -{"text":"Figure:Ta̍k-ê bâi-ho̍k-khí hō·-siōng chi-kan ê ki-lu̍t. Chhùi-khí pō·-ūi ê hû-hō piáu-sī chhiáⁿ chham-khó chia.\nFig: **Bâi-ho̍k-khí, ē-táu tì-hūi-khí**\n**2 khí téng-táu éng-kiú kak-khí bâi-ho̍k tī éng-kiú mn̂g-khí ê téng-koân.**\nChhùi-khí tī go̍k-kut lāi-té in-ūi ūi-tì bô chèng-siông, bô-hoat-tō· chhut-khí he̍k chhut-khí mā-koh bô chèng-siông ê kā-ha̍p, án-ne kiò-chò **bâi-ho̍k-khí** he̍k **chó·-seng-khí** (埋伏齒, 阻生牙, *impacted tooth, embedded tooth*). *Gron* (1962) án-ne kā tēng-gī: tī chèng-siông ê khoân-kéng kap tiâu-kiāⁿ chi-hā 1-khí chhùi-khí ê khí-kin í-keng hoat-io̍k oân-sêng soah bē-hù chhut-khí, ki-pún-siōng lán tio̍h kā hō-chò bâi-ho̍k-khí. It-poaⁿ lâi-kóng, siāng-chiap khòaⁿ-kìⁿ ê bâi-ho̍k-khí sī ē-go̍k ê tē-3 éng-kiú tōa-kiū-khí, i tāi-iok chiàm liáu só·-ū ê bâi-ho̍k-khí ê 80-pha.\n\nGoân-in\n-------\n\n* Ni-khí ê khí-kin bô khip-siu\n* Bô chèng-siông ê chhut-khí hong-hiòng he̍k lō·-tô·\n* Ke-seⁿ ê chhùi-khí\n* Chhùi-khí chhut-khí ê sî ū chiàng-gāi he̍k khí-lia̍t khong-kan bô-kàu\n* Chhùi-khí tī hoat-io̍k ê kòe-têng tiong siū tio̍h gōa-siong\n* Kio̍k-pō· pēⁿ-piàn: chhan-chhiūⁿ: hâm-khí lông-chéng (dentigerous cyst)\n* Chhùi-khí ê liâm-liân (dental ankylosis)\n\nTī-liâu ê soán-tek\n------------------\n\nChiam-tùi bâi-ho̍k-khí ê tī-liâu ū 4 ê soán-tek ê hong-hiòng, pau-koah koan-chhat, kài-ji̍p (*intervention*), ín-chhoa (*relocation*), kap bán-tû. \n\n### Koan-chhat\n\nTēng-kî ê chhùi-khí kiám-cha, pau-koah lîm-chhn̂g pêng-ko· kap Tiān-kong kiám-cha, ī-chhek bī-lâi chhùi-khí ê bêng-hoat chōng-hóng, thui-chhek kám-ū chó·-seng ê būn-tê sán-seng; siat-sú chhùi-khí pī chó·-tòng bē-tàng hoat--chhut-lâi, kāng-khóan ài thàu-kòe lîm-chhn̂g kiám-cha kap tiān-kong-phìⁿ lâi koan-chhat chó·-seng-khí kám-ū siong-koan ê pēⁿ-piàn hoat-seng. \n\nIáu-bē bêng-hoat ê sî, koan-chhat ê tiōng-tiám sī: \n\n1. Ùi tiān-kong-phìⁿ khòaⁿ, kám-ū koh-iūⁿ ūi-tì ê chhùi-khí ìⁿ-gê (*tooth bud*) hoat-seng?\n2. Kám-ū chùi-seng-khí ê hoat-seng?\n3. Kám-ū chhùi-khí in-ūi hoat-khí ê hong-hiòng phian-chha, jî-lâi hoat-seng chó·-seng?\n\nKoè-liáu bêng-hoat ê sî-kî, koan-chhat ê tiōng-tiám sī ài khó-lū hōan-chiá ê kiān-khong chêng-hòng, ì-goān, kháu-khiuⁿ ōe-seng ê ûi-hō·, nā khak-tēng ū bâi-ho̍k ê chêng-hêng, tio̍h-ài múi 1 tang he̍k 2 tang chò tēng-kî kiám-cha, pau-koah tiān-kong-phìⁿ. Khah-sú ū pēⁿ-piàn tio̍h-ài chhái-chhú gōa-khó bán-tû ê tōng-chok, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ-kìⁿ ê pēⁿ-piàⁿ ū hū-kīn chhùi-khí ê khí-kha sáng-seng gōa-khip-siu, kap hêng-sêng lông-chéng, chhan-chhiūⁿ hâm-khí lông-chéng, khí-goân-sèng kak-hòa lông-chéng.\n\n### Kài-ji̍p\n\nSiat-sú bâi-ho̍k-khí hoat-seng ê goân-in sī khí-lia̍t khong-kan bô-kàu, án-ne ē-sái ēng khong-kan chhú-lí ê hong-sek lâi kái-koat būn-tê. \n\n1. Sú-iōng ē-tit thé--khí-lâi ê oa̍h-tōng kiáu-chèng ke-si (*removable tooth movement device*) he̍k bē-tit-thang thé--khí-lâi ê kò·-tēng kiáu-chèng tī-liâu (*fixed orthodontic treatment*) lâi tiông-sin hui-ho̍k sòng-sit ê khong-kan, he̍k-chiá, chhòng-chō sin ê khong-kan.\n2. Chhái-chhú lo̍k-siok-bán-chhùi-khí-hoat (*serial extraction*) kiám-chió chiong-lâi tiau-chhùi-khí ê khùn-lân-tō·.\n\n### Ín-chhoa\n\nNā-chún-kóng khong-kan chhú-lí ê kài-ji̍p hoat-tō· bô lō·-ēng, tio̍h-ài khó-lū chìn-chi̍t-pō· chò chhiú-su̍t he̍k-chiá tiau-chhùi-khí lâi tiông-sin ín-chhoa in chìn-ji̍p chèng-siông ê ūi-tì. Chhiú-su̍t ê hoat-tō· sî-kan khah-té, m̄-koh gâu hoat-seng khí-chhóe sit-o̍ah, khí-chiu cho·-chit bô lí-sióng, khí-kha khip-siu, khí-kha tn̂g-tō· bô-kàu téng-téng būn-tê. Tiau-chhùi-khí ê hoat-tō· siong-tùi chhiú-su̍t lâi-kóng, sî-kan khah-tn̂g, m̄-koh tùi chhùi-khí ê siong-hāi khah-chió, khó-lêng sán-seng ê būn-tê chú-iàu sī khí-chiu cho·-chit hong-bīn, ū khí-hōaⁿ úi-sok, kak-hòa khí-gîn khoah-tō· bô-kàu, chhùi-khí pian-iân kut-thâu sòng-sit téng-téng. \n\n### Bán-tû\n\nKá-sú téng-koân hia-ê hong-sek lóng bô-hoat-tō· kái-koat bâi-ho̍k-khí ê būn-tê, ko·-put-chiong tio̍h-ài thàu-kòe chhiú-su̍t kā bán-tiāu.","meta":{"title":"Bâi-ho̍k-khí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[933,3842,0.24284226965122332],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4441}} -{"text":"Ko-hiông-koān Kah-sian-hiong Sió-nâ-chhun ê ûi-chí\nChúi-chai liáu-āu liân-sio̍k 3 kang í kàng poàⁿ-kî thè lî-lān-chiá tì-ai.\n**Pat-pat chúi-chai** (八八水災) sī 2009 nî 8 goe̍h 6 hō chì 8 goe̍h 10 hō tiong-kan tī Tâi-oân tiong-lâm-pō͘ kap tang-lâm-pō͘ hoat-seng ê giâm-tiōng chúi-chai. Che sī in-ūi Hong-thai Morakot chhim-si̍p Tâi-oân só͘ toà-lâi chhòng kì-lo̍k ê hō͘-sè. Che mā sī Tâi-oân chū 1959 nî Pat-chhit chúi-chai í-lâi siōng-kài giâm-tiōng ê chúi-chai; kî-kan Tâi-oân chē-chē só͘-chāi im-chúi, pang-soaⁿ kap thó͘-chio̍h-liû. Kî-tiong í ūi-tī Ko-hiông-koān Kah-sian-khu Sió-nâ-chhun ê Sió-nâ pō͘-lo̍h bia̍t-chhun sū-kiāⁿ siōng-kài giâm-tiōng, chō-sêng 474 lâng pī oa̍h-tâi.\n\nKin-kì Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chèng-hú ê thóng-kè, chit pái toā-chúi lóng-chóng chō-sêng liáu 681 lâng sí-bông, koh ū 18 lâng sit-chong. Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Hêng-chèng-īⁿ soan-pò͘ tī 8 goe̍h 22 hō chì 24 hō choân-kok thè lî-lān-chiá kàng poàⁿ-kî tì-ai. Tâi-oân kok-kài hun-hun chí-chek chèng-hú hông-chai kiù-oān put-lī, ín-hoat kóng-hoàn bîn-oàn, tì-sú iû sî-jīm chóng-thóng Má Eng-kiú só͘ léng-tō ê Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng chèng-hú siaⁿ-bōng toā-pak ku̍t-lo̍h. Chòe-āu koh in-ūi tui-kiù chèng-tī chek-jīm ê ho͘-siaⁿ, ti̍t-chiap tì-sú Lâu Tiāu-hiân lōe-koh tī kāng-nî ê 9 goe̍h chhe soan-pò͘ chóng-sû.","meta":{"title":"Pat-pat chúi-chai","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1266,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1450}} -{"text":"**Bâ-chùi** (*anesthesia* he̍k *anaesthesia*) thoân-thóng-siōng sī kí-kóng thiàⁿ-kak he̍k kî-thaⁿ kám-kak ê chó·-toān, chó·-chí i ê thoân-tó. I ē-sái kiám-kheng he̍k bián-tû hoān-chiá tī chhiú-su̍t he̍k kî-thaⁿ tī-liâu koè-têng sî ê thiàⁿ-thàng kap bô-sóng-khoài.\n\nChióng-lūi\n----------\n\nŪ ē-kha chit kúi-chióng ê bâ-chùi:\n\n* Choân-sin bâ-chùi (*general anaesthesia*) - chiām-sî sòng-sit ì-sek (*consciousness*) kap bô-sòng-khoài ê kì-tì (memory)\n* Kio̍k-pō· bâ-chùi (*local anaesthesia*) - tī sin-khu ê kio̍k-pō· chù bâ-chùi-io̍h, hō· chiām-sî sit--khì kám-kak\n* Khu-he̍k bâ-chùi (*regional anaesthesia*) - tī sîn-keng he̍k chek-s'o (*spinal cord*) piⁿ-á chù bâ-io̍h hō· sin-khu bó· chi̍t-pō·-hūn chiām-sî sit--khì kám-kak mā khó-lêng ē chiām-sî sit--khì tōng-chok ê lêng-le̍k\n\nHō· hoān-chiá io̍h-á hō· kám-kak sóng-khoài he̍k kiám-chió chiau-cho, m̄-koh bô ín-khí bâ-chùi, he kiò-chò tīn-chēng (*sedation*).","meta":{"title":"Bâ-chùi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[435,879,0.4948805460750853],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1035}} -{"text":"**Bân-lâm** sī Hok-kiàn-séng lâm-pō· tē-khu, pau-koat Chiang-chiu, Ē-mn̂g, Chôan-chiu chit saⁿ-ê tē-kip-chhī (地級市), pún-sin bô sǹg-sī 1 ê hêng-chèng tan-ūi.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\n**Bân-lâm Hā-Chiang-Chôan saⁿ-kak-chiu**, tiàm-tī Tiong-kok tang-lâm iân-hái, hái-he̍k khui-khoah, hái-hōaⁿ-sòaⁿ oan-oan-oat-oat, kúi-ā-pah kong-lí tn̂g. Tùi siōng pak-pêng ê Hūi-oaⁿ-kōan kàu-kah siōng lâm-pêng ê Tang-soaⁿ-kōan, hun-sòaⁿ tio̍h 1-ê sòa 1-ê iu-liông ê thian-jiân hái-káng.\n\nBân-lâm bûn-hòa\n---------------\n\n* Bân-lâm bûn-hòa\n\t+ Bân-lâm-gí\n\t+ Im-ga̍k\n\t\t- Hō-ló bîn-kan im-ga̍k\n\t\t- Bân-lâm koa\n\t+ Hì-khiok\n\t\t- Koa-á-hì\n\t\t- Hiong-kio̍k\n\t\t- Ko-kah-hì\n\t\t- Pò·-tē-hì\n\t\t- Ka-lé-hì\n\t\t- Lâm-koán-hì (Lê-hn̂g-hì)\n\t\t- Lâm-ga̍k (Lâm-im)\n\t+ Gē-su̍t\n\t\t- Tak-chhùi-kó·\n\t\t- Chio̍h-tiau\n\t+ Hong-siok\n\t+ Kiàn-tiok\n\nBân-lâm jîn-bu̍t\n----------------\n\n* Bân-lâm lâng\n\t+ Khó· Tē-san\n\t+ Lí Kong-chiân\n\t+ Lîm Khá-tī\n\t+ Lîm Gí-tông\n\t+ Lô· Ka-sek\n\t+ N̂g Tián-sêng\n\t+ Si Lông\n\t+ Siō Kang-hái\n\t+ Su Têng\n\t+ Tân Kah-kiⁿ\n\t+ Tân La̍k-sài\n\t+ Tân Tiong-hô\n\t+ Tīⁿ Sêng-kong\n\t+ Tiuⁿ Khek-hui\n\nHái-gōa kau-thong\n-----------------\n\n* Kòe-hoan\n* Hôa-kiâu\n\nBân-lâm kah Tâi-ôan\n-------------------\n\nBân-lâm Tē-khu hām Tâi-ôan-tó keh 1-tiâu O·-chúi-kau (Tâi-ôan Hái-kiap), Ē-mn̂g kàu Ko-hiông ê tit-sòaⁿ kū-lī tāi-iok 365 kong-lí. Le̍k-sú kì-chài, tī Tiong-kok kó·-chá Sòng-Gôan ê sî-tāi, to̍h í-keng ū Hok-kiàn-lâng liâu-kòe O·-chúi-kau khi Tâi-ôan khui-hng. Kàu-kah Bêng-tiâu, Chheng-tiâu chit-2-ê tiâu-tē, Bân-lâm siā-hōe khai-sí tōa kui-bô· hiòng Tâi-ôan tē-khu î-bîn. Tēⁿ Sêng-kong phah-pāi Hô-lân-lâng liáu-āu, chôaⁿ tī chit-ê ko·-tó kiàn-to·, kā i tòng-chò hóan-Chheng hok-Bêng ê kin-kì-tē. Tēⁿ Sêng-kong ê lâng-bé tōa-to-sò· sī hit-tong-sî Chôan-chiu-hú kah Chiang-chiu-hú ê peh-sìⁿ, chià-ê lâng kā kò·-hiong ê Chiang-Chôan bûn-hòa chah-lâi-kàu Tâi-ôan. Kong-gôan 1683 nî, Kong-hi hông-tē thóng-it Tâi-ôan, siat-li̍p **Tâi-ôan-hú**, lē-sio̍k Hok-kiàn-séng kóan-ha̍t. Chhú-khì 200 nî ê tiong-kan, Tâi-ôan it-ti̍t sio̍k-î Hok-kiàn-séng, koh ū chiok-chōe chiok-chōe ê Chiang-Chôan jîn-sū liâu-chúi kòe Tâi-ôan. Chit-ê sî-chūn, Bân-lâm-lâng í-keng tī Tâi-ôan chiām 7-8-siâⁿ, Chiang-Chôan bûn-hòa chiâⁿ-chòe Tâi-ôan siā-hōe ê chú-liû. 1895 nî ~ 1945 nî chit-tōaⁿ sî-kan, sui-jiân Tâi-ôan piàn-sêng Ji̍t-pún ê si̍t-bîn-tē, m̄-koh Bân-Tâi 2-hōaⁿ ê bîn-kan kàu-óng ôan-á m̄-bat tn̄g-kòe. 1945 nî, Ji̍t-pún thiat-lī Tâi-ôan liáu-āu, 2-tē ê kau-óng koh-khah chia̍p. 1949 nî liáu-āu, in-ūi Kok-Kiōng hun-lia̍t, Lióng-hōaⁿ koh-chài 1-pái hun-lî. It-tit kàu-kah 1989 nî khai-hòng tham-chhin í-āu, Lióng-hōaⁿ ê kau-liû chiah-koh ûn-ûn-á lāu-jia̍t--khí-lâi.","meta":{"title":"Bân-lâm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[421,2368,0.17778716216216217],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2886}} -{"text":"\n***Ū Sîn chi Chi̍h ê Cha-po͘*** (神の舌を持つ男) sī 2016 nî 7 go̍eh 8 ji̍t khí î Ji̍t-pún TBS tiān-sī tâi Kim 22 (金22) sî-tōaⁿ ( 22:00 - 22:54, JST) pò͘-chhut ê tiān-sī liân-sio̍k-kio̍k, kàu 2016 nî 9 go̍eh 9 ji̍t kiat-sok, lóng chóng 10 chi̍p, iû Hiòng-chéng Lí chú-ián, che kio̍k ûi tō-ián Thê Hēng-gān seng-chheng kò͘-sù 20 nî ê chok-phín.\n\nKio̍k-chêng kài-iàu\n-------------------\n\nChit-sī chi̍t pō͘ ūi-tio̍h chhōe thoân-soat tiong ê un-choâⁿ gē kī \"Miyabi\" jî ta̍h-chiūⁿ lí-tô͘ ê lâm-lí saⁿ lâng ê thui-lí kò͘-sū. Iáⁿ bô sè-sū tān khiok ióng-ū hūn-sek bu̍t-chit lêng-la̍t ê cha-po͘ chú-kak Tiâu-éng Lân-oân (Hiòng-chéng Lí sek-ián), hô ū phòa-kái sū-kiāⁿ chi sîn-la̍t ê tah-tòng, ài nn̄g sió-sî hiân-gî-kio̍k Àng-koan-bōng Kong (Bo̍k-chhoan Bûn-nái sek-ián), kap Kiong-te̍k Khoan-tī (Chô-tîn Jī-lang sek-ián) saⁿ lâng hêng-thàu-thàu choân-kok ê un-choâⁿ, ūn-iōng to̍k-te̍k ê thui-lí lêng-la̍t, kái-koat tī un-choâⁿ hoat-seng ê bô-kâng sū-kiāⁿ.\n\nTeng-tiûⁿ jîn-bu̍t\n------------------\n\n### Chú-iàu jîn-bu̍t\n\nTiâu-éng Lân-oân (Tomonaga Ranmaru)\nIán-oân: Hiòng-chéng Lí, Eng-chéng Iu-hui (gín-á-kiáⁿ kî)\nKiaⁿ-to͘ Tāi-ha̍k io̍h-ha̍k-pō͘ gián-kiù-só͘ gián-kiù-seng. Ūi-tio̍h chhōe thoân-soat tiong ê un-choâⁿ gē-tòaⁿ \"Miyabi\" jî hêng-thàu-thàu choân-kok ê un-choâⁿ.\nÀng-koan-bōng Kong (Kamekanbo Hikari)\nIán-oân: Bo̍k-chhoan Bûn-nái\nKó͘-tóng-siong. Ài hiân-gî-kio̍k.\nKiong-te̍k Khoan-tī (Miyazawa Kanzi)\nIán-oân: Chô-tîn Jī-lang\nLân-oân kap Kong ê siāng-tô. Kiong-te̍k Hiân-tī ê chheh-bê.\n### Tiâu-éng ka\n\nTiâu-éng Pêng-chō͘ (Tomonaga Heisuke)\nIán-oân: Hóⁿ-iá Chèng-pêng\nLân-oân ê a-kong.\nTiâu-éng Liông-chō͘ (Tomonaga Ryûsuke)\nIán-oân: The̍k-mâ Sin\nLân-oân ê lāu-pē.\n### Kî-tha\n\nMiyabi\nIán-oân: Kóng-bo̍at Liâng-chí\nPoâⁿ-choán lâi-khì sì-hng un-choâⁿ piáu-ián ê gē-tòaⁿ.\n### Kheh-chhoàn ián-chhut\n\n#### Tē 1 ōe\n\nKo-tîn Bí-lêng (Takatô Misuzu)\nIán-oân: Phiàn-pêng Nagisa\nUn-chôaⁿ lí-kóan \"Siōng-ok-hu\" thâu-ke-niû.\nPán-chhong Tiāu (Itakura Hazime)\nIán-oân: Sek-chhong Sam-lông\nTeng-tiúⁿ.\nSek-goân Chong-bêng (Isihara Muneaki)\nIán-oân: Tāi-hô-lōe Hō\nUn-chôaⁿ hia̍p-hōe hōe-tiúⁿ.\nKo-tîn Bō͘ (Takatô Sigeru)\nIán-oân: Koaⁿ-goân Tāi-kiat\nUn-chôaⁿ lí-kóan \"Siōng-ok-hu\" thâu-ke. Bí-lêng ê Ang.\nSuí-chiau Kiān-it (Mizunuma Ken'iti)\nIán-oân: Hoān-tiân Ki-iū\nKoan-kong khò-tiúⁿ.\nTō͘ Bûn-hu (Watari Humio)\nIán-oân: Tî-tiân Tāi\n\"Thong-se-chhoan Hóe-kim-chheⁿ Siú-hō͘-hōe\" chóng-iàu.\nKhián-ióng Hàu (Inukai Takasi)\nIán-oân: Chô-pek Sin\nHêng-kéng.\nEk-chí (Mashiko)\nIán-oân: Seng-tó Ióng-hui\nHêng-kéng.\nBûn-chhong Thài-it (Kadokura Taiti)\nIán-oân: Kiat-éng Siù-pêng\nKhoân-kéng-séng tiàu-cha-oân.\n#### Tē 2 ōe\n\nChin-chhoan Sūn-chí (Tumura Zyunko)\nIán-oân: San-chhoan Hông-ia̍p\nThiat-iú Un-chôaⁿ Lí-koán \"Lâm-chhut-tiân-lâu\" ê thâu-ke-niû.\nChin-chhoan Tiông-kiat (Tumura Zyûkiti)\nIán-oân: Tek-chéng Iu\n\"Lâm-chhut-tiân-lâu\" ê un-chôaⁿ kóan-lí. Sūn-chí ê Ang.\nChin-chhoan Thian-tông (Tumura Tendô)\nIán-oân: Tiong-bóe Bêng-khèng\nSūn-chí kap Tiông-kiat ê toā-kiáⁿ.\nHong-chéng It (Yosî Hazime)\nIán-oân: Chì-hō Kóng-thài-lông\n\"Lâm-chhut-tiân-lâu\" ê thâu-ke.\nNgó͘-goa̍t-lí Ia̍t-chí (Saotome Etuko)\nIán-oân: Kang-khió Noriko\n\"Lâm-chhut-tiân-lâu\" ê ne51 chiang11.\nTó-chhoan Hông-ngá (Simamura Hiromasa)\nIán-oân: Ok-liâng Ha̍k\nHèng un-chôaⁿ. Pī-hāi-jîn.\nBo̍k-iá thài-lông (Makino Tarô)\nIán-oân: Oa̍t-chhoan iú-it\nHèng un-chôaⁿ.\nTê-sêng (Tyasiro)\nIán-oân: Siông-te̍k It-chi\nHêng-kéng.\nJio̍k-chéng (Wakai)\nIán-oân: Sim-kong Liông\nsin-lâng hêng-kéng.\nBo̍k-hek chiau (Meguro Akira)\nIán-oân: Chê-bo̍k Sigeru\nTeng-tiúⁿ.\nSin-hoân (Aragaki)\nIán-oân: Pí-chô Jîn\nTeng-tiúⁿ ê pì-su.\n#### Tē 3 ōe\n\nKhut Jū-chí (Hori Yûko)\nIán-oân: Sim-hia̍p Eng-lí-chí\nThiⁿ-khang un-chôaⁿ \"Hotel Mangetu Izu\" ê thâu-ke-niû.\nKhut Tiōng-hu (Hori Takeo)\nIán-oân: Tong-kin-chok Siū-eng\n\"Hotel Mangetu Izu\" ê thâu-ke. Jū-chí ê Ang.\nSek-phò Tāi-siān (Isiba Hiroyosi)\nIán-oân: kok-tiân Pō͘\nJū-chí ê chêng-lâm-iú. Pī-hāi-jîn.\nTiōng-ki Iū-si̍t (Nakai Yumi)\nIán-oân: Jio̍k-hō͘ Bí-hô-kong\n\"Hotel Mangetu Izu\" ê cháu-toh--ê.\nI-tong Aki (Itô Aki)\nIán-oân: Lím Kaori\n\"Hotel Mangetu Izu\" ê ne51 chiang11.\nHia̍p-tiân Chèng (Wakita Tadasi)\nIán-oân: Kó͘-koán Khoan-tī\nHêng-kéng.\nTòng-pêng Iông-si (Munehira Yôzi)\nIán-oân: Ian-siōng Thài-sú\nHêng-kéng.\n#### Tē 4 - 5 ōe\n\nChhek-tî Sīn-thài-lông (Akaike Sintarô)\nIán-oân: Kitarô\n\"Mô͘-cheng-chhoan\" chhoan-tiúⁿ, \"Pho-gōa-chi-thng\" chú-lâng.\nChhek-tî Êng-chí (Akaike Eiko)\nIán-oân: Chin-hui Sèng\n\"Pho-gōa-chi-thng\" thâu-ke-niû, Sīn-thài-lông ê khan-chhiú.\nChhek-tî Sîn-iā (Akaike Tatuya)\nIán-oân: Pèng-pún Sî-seng\nSīn-thài-lông kap Êng-chí ê hāu-seⁿ.\nKim-tiân-chhī Kiú (Kindaiti Hisasi)\nIán-oân: To-tiân-bo̍k Liāng-iū\n\"Pho-gōa-chi-thng\" ê lâng-kheh.\nKim-tiân-chhī Chhun-tāi (Kindaiti Haruyo)\nIán-oân: Chhoan-kong Hi-bí\n\"Pho-gōa-chi-thng\" ê lâng-kheh, Kiú ê khan-chhiú.\nA-pô\nIán-oân: Siông-kim Yoneko, Tiân-kong Bí-iā-chí\n\"Pho-gōa-chi-thng\" ê ne51 chiang11.\nSîn-chhoan Cheng-chìn (Kamimura Syôzin)\nIán-oân: Sek-kiâu Liân-si\n\"Lûi-sîn-sī ê chū-chhî.\nSîn-chhoan Lí-chí (Kamimura Satoko)\nIán-oân: Siông-kong Hūi-bōng-chí\nCheng-chìn ê tióng-lí.\nSîn-chhoan Teng-chí (Kamimura Matiko)\nIán-oân: Khū-tiân Asami\nCheng-chìn ê chhù-lí.\nSîn-chhoan To͘ (Kamimura Miyako)\nIán-oân: Tek-éng Eri\nCheng-chìn ê sam-lí.\nBo̍k-chhoan Siông-kiat (Kimura Tuneyosi)\nIán-oân: Iá-thiam Gī-hông\nChū-tī-só͘ kéng-koaⁿ.\nSó͘ Khàm-chō (Yabu Kanzô)\nIán-oân: Chhek-seng Seng-it-lông\nI-su.\n#### Tē 6 ōe\n\nKim-chí Tiong (Kaneko Tadashi)\nIán-oân: The̍h-kan Hàu-hêng\nGûi-hiám cha-po͘, thâi-lâng hiâm-hōan.\nKa-bō͘ Iông-chí (Kamo Yôko)\nIán-oân: Sîn-lo̍k Póaⁿ-hūi\nPī-hāi-jîn.\nTek-te̍k (Tokuzawa)\nIán-oân: Ka-tîn Toranosuke\nHêng-kéng.\nJī-jio̍k (Niwaka)\nIán-oân: Kong-san Thian-im\nSin-lâng hêng-kéng.\nKong-tiân Ki-kiat (Okada Isokiti)\nIán-oân: Lī-tiông Kong\nHun-tiàm ê thâu-ke.\nSan-sek Chá-biâu (Yamaisi Sanae)\nIán-oân: Pêng-la̍t Atumi\nKan-lo̍k-tiàm ê thâu-ke-niû.\nHiong-chhoan Masuno (Kagawa Masuno)\nIán-oân: Pêng-tiân Tun-chí\nBêng-sán-tiàm ê thâu-ke-niû.\n\nTiān-iáⁿ\n--------\n\n \nTiān-sī-kio̍k bóe-liù-hê pò͘-chhut āu, tùi-gōa soan-pò͘ kái-phian tiān-iáⁿ-pán ê hong-siaⁿ. In-ūi chèng-sek miâ *RANMARU Ū Sîn chi Chi̍h ê Cha-po͘ Siú-sian sī Chhōe Àm-ho̍k î Kek-chiú-chhiúⁿ Pá-chuí Ang Sîn-pì Sí-bông sū-kiāⁿ ê Iáⁿ ê Texas Cha-po͘ kap Bohemia Thâu-ke-niû, soà--lo̍h-khì Ài Tui-cha Bí-jîn Chhoan I ê Bī tiong Láng-tiong-chiáu A-pô Kun-thôan kap Saⁿ ê Hiân-chiá-chhoan ê Chiù-chhàm, kì Thui-lí-kio̍k-bê with Kiong-te̍k Hiân-tī-bê kap Sîn chi Chi̍h, Chin-siòng Put-bêng ê Mō͘-hiám! Kán-lia̍k... Lân-ôan Biān-lîm kòe Lióng-chhù Sí-bông. Kúi-teng hông-choân-lō͘-phiⁿ (RANMARU 神の舌を持つ男 酒蔵若旦那怪死事件の影に潜むテキサス男とボヘミアン女将、そして美人村医者を追い詰める謎のかごめかごめ老婆軍団と三賢者の村の呪いに2サスマニアwithミヤケンとゴッドタン、ベロンチョアドベンチャー! 略して…蘭丸は二度死ぬ。鬼灯デスロード編)* kòe-hun ti̍t-lò-sò, in-jî í kán-lia̍k kiò-chò *RANMARU Ū Sîn chi Chi̍h ê Cha-po͘ (RANMARU 神の舌を持つ男)* chok-uî tùi-gōa hoat-piáu sî ê miâ, àn í siāng-nî 12 goe̍h 3 ji̍t kong-khai.\n\nChham-khó chu-sìn\n-----------------\n\n1. 1 2 向井理、舌で事件解決！TBS7月スタート「神の舌を持つ男」主演（2016年4月28日）、スポニチアネックス\n2. ↑ 向井理主演ドラマ、映画化決定＆ゲスト出演者発表「ブレーキの壊れたジェットコースターの様」","meta":{"title":"Ū Sîn chi Chi̍h ê Cha-po͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1141,7878,0.14483371414064483],"infobox":["\n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    Ū Sîn chi Chi̍h ê Cha-po͘
    神の舌を持つ男
    Lūi-hêng\nJi̍t-pún tiān-sī-kio̍k
    Pian-kio̍k\nSakurai Takeharu
    Tō-ián\nTutumi Yukihiko
    Itô Yûsuke
    Katô Arata
    Chú-ián\nMukai Osamu
    Chè-chok kok-ka\n\"\" Ji̍t-pún
    Gí-giân\nJi̍t-gí
    Kùi-sò͘\n1
    Chi̍p-sò͘\n10
    Tn̂g-tō͘\n54 hun-cheng
    Chú-tê-khek\nSakamoto Huyumi Cha-bó͘-lâng Ài Lám Kia̍t-hî
    (女は抱かれて鮎になる)
    Chè-chok
    Chè-chok nî-hùn\n2016 nî
    Chè-chok-jîn\nUeda Hiroki, Kusunoki Tiaki
    Gōa-kéng\n\"\" Ji̍t-pún
    Pò͘-èng\n
    Siú-pò pîn-tō\nTBS
    Im-sìn keh-sek\nStereo
    Pò-chhut kok-ka\n\"\" Ji̍t-pún
    Pò-chhut ji̍t-kî\n2016 nî 7 goe̍h 8 ji̍t－2016 nî 9 goe̍h 9 ji̍t
    Bô-sòaⁿ Bāng-lo̍k tiān-sī Ji̍t-kio̍k-tâi Siú-pò
    Pò-chhut kok-ka\n\"\" Hiong-káng
    Pò-chhut ji̍t-kî\n2016 nî 9 goe̍h 9 ji̍t－2016 nî 11 goe̍h 11 ji̍t
    Kok-tē chiat-bo̍k miâ-jī
    Káng-Ò\nSîn chi Chi̍h
    Gōa-pō͘
    \nKoaⁿ-hong bāng-chām
    ","
    RANMARU Ū Sîn chi Chi̍h ê Cha-po͘
    Kàm-tok\nTutumi Yukihiko
    Kio̍k-chok-ka\nSakurai Takeharu
    Chú-ián\nMukai Osamu
    Chhut-phìⁿ\nSiông-tek
    Chiūⁿ-èng\n\"\" Ji̍t-pún 2016 nî 12 goe̍h 3 ji̍t (2016-12-03)
    Gí-giân\nJi̍t-gí
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7864}} -{"text":"**Bân-lâm-gí Gí-giân Lêng-le̍k Jīn-chèng** (閩南語語言能力認證) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ siat-kè pēng hū-chek kui-ōe ê Bân-lâm-gí lêng-le̍k jīn-chèng khó-chhì. Khó-chhì ê su-siá hē-thóng í Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ kong-kò ê Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī Pheng-im Hong-àn (Tâi-lô chèng-sek pán) kap Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí Thui-chiàn Iōng-jī (700 jī-sû) chò piau-chún. Khó-chhì bô hun hong-giân khiuⁿ-kháu, chhut-tê-chiá ē soán-te̍k kok-tē khiuⁿ-kháu sio-kāng ê gí-im kap sû-lūi, pī-bián chiam-tùi gí-im khiuⁿ-kháu chhut-tê. Pun chò ji̍p-mn̂g, ki-chhó͘, chìn-kai, ko-kai, liû-lī, cheng-thong téng 6 kip. Khó-seng pit-su ta̍t-kàu tiong-ko-kip í-siōng ê thêng-tō͘, chiah ē-tàng tī ha̍k-hāu chiông-sū hiong-thó͘ gí-giân kàu-ha̍k kang-chok. Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ tē-it nî úi-thok Sêng-kong Tāi-ha̍k Tâi-gí Jīn-chèng Thoân-tūi hū-chek gián-hoat, pēng tī 2009 nî pān-lí nn̄g pái ī-chhì. Bo̍k-chiân, chí-ū Sêng-tāi Tâi-oân Gí-bûn Chhek-giām Tiong-sim kap Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ sī pān-lí Tâi-gí/Bân-lâm-gí jīn-chèng ê tan-ūi. Bo̍k-chiân Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ Bân-lâm-gí jīn-chèng ê sìn-tō͘, hāu-tō͘ kap khó-chhì tê-hêng lóng hām Sêng-tāi ê Choân-bîn Tâi-gí Jīn-chèng it-tì.","meta":{"title":"Bân-lâm-gí Gí-giân Lêng-le̍k Jīn-chèng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1153,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1298}} -{"text":"**Bân-lâm Kim Saⁿ-kak** (閩南金三角) sī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Bân-lâm iân-hái ê Ē-mn̂g, Choân-chiu kap Chiang-chiu saⁿ ê tē-kip-chhī kap in só͘ koán-hat ê koān-khu. Jîn-kháu 1700-goā bān lâng, chú-iàu kóng Bân-lâm-gú Choân Chiang hong-giân, châi-chèng siu-ji̍p tāi-iok chiàm Hok-kiàn-séng ê 52%, chìn-chhut-kháu lóng-chóng chiàm Hok-kiàn choân séng ê 70%, keng-chè seng-sán-liōng (GDP) chiàm Hok-kiàn-séng ê 4-siâⁿ, sī Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k tī keng-chè kái-kek khai-hòng liáu-āu keng-chè khah hoat-ta̍t ê tē-khu chi-it, iā sī Tâi-siong tâu-chu pí-kàu bi̍t-chi̍p ê só͘-chāi. Chit-ê miâ-chheng in-chhú chú-iàu sī iōng tī keng-chè sū-bū, chia̍p the̍h-lâi hām Tiông-kang Saⁿ-kak-chiu kap Chu-kang Saⁿ-kak-chiu téng-téng keng-chè hoat-ta̍t ê tē-khu chò pí-kàu. Kî-tiong Ē-mn̂g oá-khò keng-chè te̍k-khu, káng-kháu chiâⁿ-chò Tiong-kok tang-lâm iân-hái ê tiōng-iàu káng-kháu. Choân-chiu oá-khò hoat-ta̍t ê chè-chō-gia̍p, bu̍t-liû hâng-gia̍p phông-pu̍t hoat-tián. Chiang-chiu tng-teh ùi í lông-gia̍p ûi-chú, hiòng kang-gia̍p-hoà choán-hêng.\n\nIû-lâi\n------\n\nBân-lâm kim saⁿ-kak sī Tiong-kok iân-hái keng-chè khai-hòng khu chi-it. Iân-hái keng-chè khai-hòng khu pau-koat Tiông-kang Saⁿ-kak-chiu, Chu-kang Saⁿ-kak-chiu , Bân-lâm saⁿ-kak tē-khu, Liâu-tang poàn-tó, Soaⁿ-tang poàn-tó téng-téng.\n\nChham-khó\n---------","meta":{"title":"Bân-lâm Kim Saⁿ-kak","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1300,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1449}} -{"text":"Bân-oa̍t kap Se Hàn\n**Bân-oa̍t** (Hàn-jī: 閩越 / 閩粵; Bân-tang-gí: *Mìng-uŏk*; Bân-pak-gí: *Mâing-ṳ̆e*; Phô͘-sian-gí: *Máng-e̤̍h*), mā hō-chò **Bân-oa̍t-kok** (閩越國) kap **Bû-chu-kok** (無諸國), sī Hok-kiàn ê chi̍t ê kó͘-chá ông-kok. Bân-oa̍t sī Pah-oa̍t Bân-oa̍t-cho̍k kiàn-li̍p ê kok-ka. Bân-oa̍t tī kong-goân chêng 202 nî khai-sí ê 60 chì 70 nî tiong-kan, kok-le̍k téng-sēng, sī hit-tong-sî Hàn-tiâu tang-lâm-bīn siāng kiông-sēng ê kok-ka. Bân-oa̍t-ông Bû-chu tī Siâⁿ-chhun kiàn-li̍p ê Ông-siâⁿ sī hit-tong-sî Tiong-goân tang-lâm-hong siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Khí-goân\n\n: Bân-oa̍t-cho̍k kap Bân-oa̍t bûn-hòa\nKin-kì khó-kó͘ kap bûn-hiàn gián-kiù, Bân-oa̍t ê ki-chhó͘ sī chāi-tē goân-chū-bîn bûn-hòa, in sī Pah-oa̍t ê chi̍t hūn, tī 3000 tang chêng, siong-tong Tiong-goân sī Siong ia̍h Chiu ê sî-tāi, to̍h í-keng tī--leh. Kàu Chiàn-kok sî-tāi, koh chìn chi̍t-pō͘ lām ji̍p chá-chêng hō͘ Chhó͘-kok siau-bia̍t ê Oa̍t-kok ê ûi-cho̍k, kàu hit chūn Bân-oa̍t chū-bîn ê chú-thé oa-ná sī chāi-tē goân-chū-bîn.\n\n### Bân-oa̍t-kok ê kiàn-li̍p\n\nChiàu *Sú-kì* tùi Bû-chu chò Bân-oa̍t-ông ê kì-su̍t, ē-tàng chai-iáⁿ tī Chîn-kok cheng-ho̍k chìn-chêng, Bân-oa̍t í-keng ū kok-ka chèng-koân ê chûn-chāi.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. 1 2 薛菁 & 汪征鲁 (2007). \"关于闽越文化若干问题的探讨\". *福建师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）* (ēng Hôa-gí) (2). CS1 pó-ióng: Ēng authors chham-sò͘ (link)","meta":{"title":"Bân-oa̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[141,1314,0.10730593607305935],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1555}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\n\"President\" choán koè chia. Chhōe kok-ka thâu-lâng í-gōa ê ēng-hoat, khòaⁿ President (cho͘-chit hâm-thâu).\n**Chóng-thóng** (Eng-gí: *President*) sī kiōng-hô-kok kok-ka ê thâu-lâng, it-poaⁿ-tek lâi-kóng chóng-thóng sī soán-kí sán-seng--ê.\n\nTī chóng-thóng-chè ê kok-ka, chóng-thóng sī kok-ka ê thâu-lâng mā-sī chèng-hú ê chòe-ko léng-tō-jîn. \n\nTī lōe-koh-chè ê kiōng-hô-kok, chóng-thóng sui-bóng sī kok-ka ê thâu-lâng, m̄-ko m̄-sī chèng-hú si̍t-chè ê léng-tō-jîn, ī hiáng-iú ê hêng-chèng-khoân chin-chió. Ū-ê kok-ka ê chóng-thóng sīm-chhiáⁿ oân-choân bō hêng-chèng-khoân, chí-sī chiâⁿ-chò 1-hāng mîa-gū nā-niā.\n\nŪ 1 koá kok-ka, kā chit-ê chi̍t-ūi kiò chò \"kok-ka chú-sek\".\n\nGí-goân\n-------\n\n\"Chóng-thóng\" chit jī goân-té to̍h ū ēng tī kun-sū thâu-lâng ê chheng-ho͘. Āu--lâi chú-iàu sī tùi Bí-kok ê léng-siù \"president\" ê chi̍t chióng hoan-e̍k. President ê ì-sù sī \"*presides* ê lâng\", tio̍h sī \"chē tī thâu ūi ê lâng\"; jī-goân sī Latin-gí ê \"pre-\" (thâu-chêng) kap \"-sedere\" (chē). Hiān-chāi ê Eng-gí \"president\" bô it-tēng sī kok-ka ê thâu-lâng. Ha̍k-hāu, kong-si kap koh chióng cho͘-chit lóng ū thang siat \"president\". Chit-ê sû ū-sî mā hoan-e̍k chò \"chú-se̍k\".\n\nTû-liáu \"chóng-thóng\" í-goā, \"president\" tī í-chá ê Tiong-kok ū chin chē bô-kâng ê kóng-hoat, chhan-chhiūⁿ \"*peh-lí-sí-thian-tek* \"(伯理璽天德 hôa. *bólǐxǐtiāndé*) téng-téng.\n\nTī hiān-tāi ê Ji̍t-pún kap Hân-kok, he̍k-chiá sī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê Tâi-oân, chóng-thóng hō chò \"tāi-thóng-léng\" (*Daitôryô*; *Taet‘ongnyŏng*; Hàn-jī: 大統領).\n\nSiang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* Ông\n* Siú-siòng\n* Chóng-thóng (kun-sū thâu-lâng)","meta":{"title":"Chóng-thóng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[91,1578,0.057667934093789605],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1812}} -{"text":"**Hêng-jî-siōng-ha̍k** sī tiat-ha̍k lāi-té 1-ê tiōng-iàu ê hun-ki. Hêng-jî-siōng-ha̍k só· gián-kiù--ê sī tē-it goân-lí / tē-it in-toaⁿ (Eng-gí: first principles, first cause) kap chûn-chāi (tī-leh; sím-mi̍h sī chûn-chāi, chûn-chāi ê sèng-chit téng-téng) ê būn-tê hām chú-tê.\n\nHêng-jî-siōng-ha̍k ê gí-goân\n----------------------------\n\nHàn-jī bûn-hòa-khoan ê gí-goân\nHêng-jî-siōng-ha̍k sī tùi Ji̍t-gí Hàn-jī-sû **形而上学** (keizizyôga) lâi--ê, Hoâ-gí mā-sī khip-siu chit-ê Ji̍t-gí-sû lâi ēng ( ū-tang-sî-á kán-séng chò 形上學 ). Siōng-khí-khiàn Ji̍t-pún ha̍k-chiá sī kin-kì *E̍̍k-keng* (易經) ê Hê-sû Siōng-toān (繫辭上傳), lāi-té ê \"形而上者謂之道，形而下者謂之器 \"chit 2-kù oē chhòng chhut chit-ê sin-sû--lâi-ê.\nChi̍t-koá se-hong gí-giân ê gí-goân\nHi-lia̍p kó·-chá ê tiat-ha̍k-ka Aristotelēs ū siá chi̍t-koá chheh, lóng-chóng hō-chò φυσικά (physika, Eng-gí siá-chò *Physics*). Tī khah-chá ê pán-pún lāi-té, ū lēng-goā chi̍t-koá Aristotelēs ê tù-chok sī hō· lâng pian tī φυσικά āu-bīn--ê, hiah-ê chheh khoàⁿ--khí-lâi sī kap ki-pún, ki-chhó͘ ê tiat-ha̍k būn-tê ū tī-tāi--ê. Aristotelēs ka-tī kā hiah-ê tù-chok hō-chò \"**Tē-it tiat-ha̍k**\". Nā chá-kî ê Aristotelēs-phài ê ha̍k-chiá sī kui-khì kā hiah-ê chheh kiò-chò τὰ μετὰ τὰ φυσικά βιβλια (ta meta ta physika biblia), ì-sù sī \"toè tī physika aū-piah ê chheh\", ū 1-ê kóng-hoat kóng che tō-sī Eng-gí *metaphisics* (Tek-gí: Metaphysik, Hoat-gí: Métaphysique, Se-pan-gâ-gí: Metafísica) ê gí-goân.\nNā chiàu gí-goân-ha̍k lâi khoàⁿ, *metaphysics* tō-sī poâⁿ-koè (*meta*) chū-jiân kho-ha̍k (*physika*), mā ū tùi-tâng.\n\nKi-pún siāu-kái\n---------------\n\nHêng-jî-siōng-ha̍k ū chi̍t-pō·-hūn sī teh \"tùi su-khó lâi chò su-khó \", hêng-jî-siōng-ha̍k 1-ê kài chú-iàu ê chú-tê tō-sī teh gián-kiù su-khó ê koè-têng: chhin-chhiūⁿ lán sī án-choáⁿ tì-kak--ê, lán sī án-choáⁿ lí-kái--ê, lán sī án-choáⁿ kau-thong--ê, lán sī án-choáⁿ chò su-khó--ê téng-téng.\n\nHêng-jî-siōng-ha̍k ê chú-tê tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ chin thiu-siōng, lán mā thang kóng hêng-jî-siōng-ha̍k koan-sim--ê, tō-sī \"lán lâng án-choáⁿ chhú-lí chit-koá thiu-siōng ê tāi-chì \".\n\nPhó͘-thong kóng--khí-lâi hêng-jî-siōng-ha̍k siōng-tiōng-iàu ê būn-tê sī pún-thé-lūn ê būn-tê, gián-kiù **chûn-chāi** / **tī-leh**, **si̍t-thé** téng-téng ê tāi-chì.\n\nHiān-chhú-sî hêng-jî-siōng(-ha̍k) chit-ê sû chia̍p-chia̍p hō· it-poaⁿ lâng bōng-iōng, sù-siông thiaⁿ-tio̍h--ê tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī kap sîn-pì-chú-gī téng-téng ê tāi-chì khah ū koan-hē, tian-tò hām hêng-jî-siōng-ha̍k kap pún-thé-lūn khah bô tī-tāi. Sui-jiân chit-khoán iōng-hoat hām tē-it goân-lí he̍k-sī chûn-chāi ê pún-chit bô koan-hē, m̄-koh it-poaⁿ chiah-ê iōng-hoat mā ē kap hêng-jî-siōng-ha̍k ê ká-tēng ū kan-sia̍p-tio̍h.","meta":{"title":"Hêng-jî-siōng-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2656,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3085}} -{"text":"**Bân-lâm-gí ê hêng-sêng**\n\nSe-chìn bo̍at-nî, Lo̍k-iông sit-siú, Chin ông-sek lâm chhian. Hit-tong-sî lo̍h-lâm tô-lān ê hàn-jîn, ū chı̍t-pō·-hūn lâng lâi-kàu liáu chit-chūn ê Bân-tiong, Bân-pak; Tang-chìn bia̍t-bông liáu-āu, lo̍h-lâm ê hàn-jîn iū-koh khok-sàn kàu Bân-tang, Bân-lâm, ū chı̍t-pō·-hūn lâng tēng-ki tī Chôan-chiu sì-kho·-lìn-tńg ê Chìn-kang (晋江) liû-he̍k. Tông-tiâu ê si-jîn Tiuⁿ-Che̍k tī *Éng-ka-hêng* tang-tiong án-ne siá \"pak-jîn phek-hô· kai-chāi lâm, lâm-jîn chì-kim lêng pak-gú \"( ì-su sī kóng: pak-hng lâng siám-phiah chiàn-lōan lâi-kàu lâm-pêng, ah lâm-pêng lâng iu-gôan ē-hiáu kóng pak-á-ōe ), che thé-hiān liáu tng-sî ê sı̍t-chè chêng-hóng. Tùi Hān-tāi kàu Se-chìn, Lo̍k-iông it-tı̍t sǹg-sī kiaⁿ-to·, lo̍h-lâm ê hàn-jîn tòa-lâi hô-lo̍k koaⁿ-ōe, chiâⁿ-chòe Bân-lâm-ōe ê ki-chhó·. Tông-chóng-chiong jī-nî ( se-gôan 669-nî ), Chôan-chiu kah Tiô-chiu chō-hóan, Hô-lâm Kong-chiu Ko·-sí lâng Tân-chèng hōng tiâu-têng chi-bēng, lo̍h-lâm pêng-hóan, chhōa-niá chióng-sū 132-lâng sûi-hêng, tìn-siú sūi-an ( chit-chūn ê Chiuⁿ-phó· kōan ). Tân-chèng ê hiaⁿ-ko Tân-bín-sû lō·-bóe iū-koh chhōa-niá 58 sèⁿ ê lâng lâi-kàu Hok-kiàn chò-hóe phah-piàⁿ. Tân-chèng kòe-sin í-āu, in-kiáⁿ Tân-gôan-kong kè-sêng lāu-pē chì-gōan, pêng-tēng lōan-tóng,hōng-bēng tìn-siú Chiang-chiu, tī chia tn̂g-kî tēng-ki--lo̍h-lâi, khai-hoat Chiang-chiu. \n\nKàu-kah Tong Khai-gôan nî-kan, chit-ê só·-chāi í-keng ū 5-bān hō· ki-bîn, sī hit-sî chôan Hok-kiàn jîn-kháu siōng-kài ba̍t ê tē-khu. Hit-sî ê Bân-lâm-ōe chha-put-to í-keng tēng-hêng--lo̍h-lâi. Tông-tiâu-bóe, Ông-tiâu, Ông-sím-ti iū-koh chhōa-tio̍h chin-chōe Tiong-gôan ê a-peng-ko kah peh-sèⁿ lâi Bân-lâm khui-hng, khai-khún.chóng--sī, Tông-tāi chit-nn̄g-kòa lâi-kàu Hok-kiàn ê pak-hng-lâng, tòa-lâi hit-sî ê Tiong-gôan Hàn-gí, chhiok-chìn Bân-lâm hong-giân hoat-seng chı̍t-kóa-á piàn-hòa. Tong-jiân, liáu-āu 1000-gōa-nî lâi Bân-lâm-lâng tī chit-tè thó·-tē tn̂g-kî tàu-tīn phah-piàⁿ chò-sit, che iū-koh sī chı̍t-ê piàn-hòa ê kòe-thêng. \n\nKin-ná-jı̍t ê Bân-lâm-ōe, mā í-keng liû-thôan kàu gōa-tē.séng-lāi chú-iàu liû-thong tī Hok-kiàn tang-lâm iân-hái ê Tè-hûn soaⁿ-me̍h kah Pok-pêng soaⁿ-me̍h chi-kan, pau-koat Ē-mn̂g, Chôan-chiu, Chiang-chiu saⁿ ê tē-khu kóan-ha̍t ê 24-ê kōan-chhī, sī Hok-kiàn-séng siāng-tōa ê hong-giân.","meta":{"title":"Bân-lâm-gú hoat-gôan","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2261,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2557}} -{"text":"**Lîm Chheng-bûn** (林清文; 1919 nî  – 1987 nî ), pit-miâ **Sú-kong** (史光) kap **Sim-iông-jîn** (森揚人), tī Tâi-lâm Ka-lí chhut-sì, sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê iâm-hūn tē-tài chok-ka, mā sī Pak-mn̂g Chhit-chú ê kî-tiong chi̍t ūi.\n\nLîm Chheng-bûn tī 1939 nî chiâⁿ-chò \"Tâi-oân Gē-su̍t\" ê tông-jîn, Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi tio̍h chiông-sū bûn-ha̍k chhòng-chok, í kio̍k-pún kap sin-si ûi-chú. Chiàn-chêng bat tī Heng-lâm Sin-bûn kap Tâi-oân Sin Bîn-pò hoat-piáu chok-phín. 1941 nî ka-ji̍p Ji̍t-ji̍t-sin Kio̍k-thoân, tī kok tōa sin kio̍k-thoân chò ián-oân, tō-ián kap pian-kio̍k, í \"Sim-iông-jîn\" chò pit-miâ, chhòng-chok \"Thài-iông ê To͘-chhī\", \"Kiat-hun Būn-tap\" kap \"Bú-ài ê Le̍k-liōng\" téng chok-phín, ín-khí tio̍h chèng-lâng ê koan-chù. 1943 nî, Tâi-pak Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ seng-lí-lâng Siā Hóe-lô͘ hoat-khí tiû-cho͘ Tâi-oân Sin-kio̍k Tu-sek Hōe-siā, phèng-chhiáⁿ Lū Hek-jio̍k chò bûn-gē pō͘-tiúⁿ, Lîm Chheng-bûn chò pian-kio̍k kó͘-tiúⁿ, kî-kan ū pian \"Ùi Thô͘-kha Pê Khí-lâi\" kap \"Khong-tiong ê Thiàu-sàn-peng\" téng kio̍k-chok, sī i Ji̍t-bûn chhòng-chok ê chòe-ka kio̍k-pún.\n\nChiàn-āu, i ka-ji̍p liáu Sin Seng-oa̍h Kio̍k-thoân, tī kok-tē ián-chhut ka-kī pian-tō ê \"Liāu Thiam-teng\", āu-lâi ūi-tio̍h beh pī-bián kìm-ián kái-miâ chò \"Ô͘ Kiàm-êng\" (胡劍榮). 1978 nî, i chiah khai-sí í Tiong-bûn chhòng-chok, tī Chū-li̍p Boán-pò hù-khan siá-hā chū-toān sèng-chit sió-soat \"Gû-chiá Chū-su̍t\" (愚者自述), āu-lâi in hāu-seⁿ Lîm Hu̍t-jî chhut-pán kái-miâ chò \"Thài-iông-kî hā ê Sió-chú\" (太陽旗下的小子). Tâi-oân sin-kio̍k bu̍t-lo̍k í-āu, Lîm tńg-khì Tâi-lâm kó͘-chhù tòa, siá cha̍p-bûn kiam chò Ji̍t-bûn hoan-e̍k. It-seng êng-he̍k Kok-kun Bûn-gē Kim-siōng Chióng ka-chok, Tâi-oân Sin Bûn-ha̍k Te̍k-pia̍t Thui-chông Chióng.","meta":{"title":"Lîm Chheng-bûn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1665,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1907}} -{"text":"\n**Lîm Bō͘-seng** (林茂生, 1887 nî 10 goe̍h 30 ji̍t – 1947 nî 3 goe̍h 11 ji̍t), Tâi-oân tē-it ê thiat-ha̍k phok-sū, 1929 nî tit-tio̍h Bí-kok Columbia Tāi-ha̍k tiat-ha̍k phok-sū ha̍k-ūi, bat tam-jīm koè Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k Bûn-ha̍k-īⁿ īⁿ-tiúⁿ.\n\nToān-kì\n-------\n\n### Kàu-io̍k\n\n1887 nî chhut-sì, Pîn-tong Tang-káng lâng. In lāu-pē Lîm Iàn-sîn (林燕臣) sī chi̍t ê siù-châi. Lîm Bō͘-seng chū sè-hàn tio̍h o̍h Hàn-bûn, mā bat toè Ji̍t-pún ê Chô-tōng-chong (曹洞宗) hoê-siūⁿ o̍h Ji̍t-bûn. 1899 nî chìn-ji̍p in lāu-pē tī leh kà ê Tiúⁿ-ló-kàu tiong-ha̍k tha̍k-chu. 1903 nî kàu-hoē pó-sàng i khì Ji̍t-pún tha̍k-chu. Seng tī Kiaⁿ-to͘ Tông-chì-siā Tiong-ha̍k chò sì-nî-seng. Chi̍t nî āu chìn-ji̍p Kiaⁿ-to͘ Tē-saⁿ Ko-téng Ha̍k-hāu ê bûn-kho. 1916 nî Tang-kiaⁿ Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k chhut-gia̍p, chú-siu Tong-hong Thiat-ha̍k. Sī Tâi-oân tē-it ê bûn-ha̍k-sū. 1915 nî Tang-kiaⁿ ê Tâi-oân liû-ha̍k-seng sêng-li̍p Ko-sa Chheng-liân-hoē; Lîm Bō͘-seng pī thui-sak chò tē-it jīm hoē-tiúⁿ. \n\nLîn Bō͘-seng tī Columbia Tāi-ha̍k siá ê phok-sū lūn-bûn – ho̍k-ìn-pún tián-sī tī Sêng-kong Tāi-ha̍k.\n1916 nî chhut-gia̍p tio̍h tńg-lâi Tâi-oân tam-jīm Tióng-êng Tiong-ha̍k ê kàu-bū chú-jīm kiam kà Eng-bûn. 1920 nî choán khì Tâi-lâm Siong-gia̍p Choan-bûn Ha̍k-hāu, mā tam-jīm lí-sū-tiúⁿ. Lîm Bō͘-seng kap Chiúⁿ Ūi-súi só͘ léng-tō ê Tâi-oân Bûn-hoà Hia̍p-hoē tùi Tâi-oân jîn-bîn chìn-hêng bîn-cho̍k ūn-tōng kap bûn-hoà ūn-tōng kàu-io̍k ê kang-chok. 1927 nî iû Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú kap Bûn-pō͘-séng ê kéng-soán, khì Bí-kok ê Columbia Tāi-ha̍k ê Teacher's College tha̍k-chu, 1929 nî tit-tio̍h thiat-ha̍k phok-sū ê ha̍k-ūi, sī Tâi-oân lâng ê tē-it ê. Tńg-lâi Tâi-oân khì Tâi-lâm Ko-téng Kang-gia̍p Ha̍k-hāu kà-chheh, sī Eng-gí Tek-gí kho ê chú-jīm kiam tô͘-su-koán ê koán-tiúⁿ.\n\n### Chiàn-āu\n\n1945 nî 12 goe̍h tam-jīm Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k Sian-siu-pan ê chú-līm, liáu-āu chiap-jīm Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k Bûn-ha̍k-īⁿ īⁿ-tiúⁿ. \n\n1945 nî tang-thiⁿ chhòng-pān Bîn-pò tī Tâi-pak, tam-jīm siā-tiúⁿ. Chóng-pian-chip Khó͘ Nái-chhiong, Chóng-chú-pit Tân ōng-sêng.\n\nChiong-chiàn liáu-āu, Tâi-oân tông-pau sī hui-siông hoaⁿ-hí, hoan-gêng Chó͘-kok lâi Tâi-oân. Siūⁿ-boē-kàu, Tiong-kok ê koaⁿ-oân kap kun-tūi hō͘ Tâi-oân jîn-bîn hui-siông sit-bōng. Tiōng-iàu ê chit-ūi lóng hō͘ goā-séng-lâng iah sī poàⁿ-soaⁿ-á chiàm-liáu-liáu, koaⁿ-oân choan leh chia̍h-chîⁿ, kun-tūi ká-ná thó͘-húi. Chi̍t-ē-á tio̍h kā Tâi-oân bú kah o͘-thiⁿ-àm-tē.\n\n#### 228 Sū-kiāⁿ\n\n228 Sū-kiāⁿ hoat-seng liáu-āu, ū lâng chhiáⁿ i chhut-bīn hia̍p-siong sū-kiāⁿ ê chhú-lí pān-hoat. I jīn-ûi ha̍k-chiá put-eng-kai khì chhap chèng-tī, kan-na tī 3 goe̍h 4 ji̍t khì Chhú-lí Úi-oân-hoē hoat-piáu ián-káng, hi-bōng ài kong-pêng, ài ū kiàn-siat-sèng, tio̍h bô koh chhut-bīn. Ū lâng kiò i ài bih--khí-lâi, i kóng \"in chai-iáⁿ goá Lîm Bō͘-seng pēng-bô chò siáⁿ-mi̍h, ē-sái tùi goá án-choáⁿ?\"\n\n3 goe̍h 10 ji̍t, poeh ê lâng lâi in tau, seng kā in tau ûi--khí-lâi, gia̍h chhèng chhut-lâi tùi i kóng: Tân tióng-koaⁿ chhiáⁿ lí khì kóng-oē, i kóng: goá ê ì-kiàn i lóng chai-iáⁿ, mā bô-hoat-tō͘ hoán-khòng, tō hông chhoā-cháu. Chū án-ne m̄-bat koh khoàⁿ tio̍h i--lo͘h.\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Lin Mosei (1929). *Public Education in Formosa Under the Japanese Administration: A Historical and Analytical Study of the Development and the Cultural Problems* (Ph.D.). Columbia University. OCLC 62316617.  (Eng-gí)\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Lin Mei-chun (Mar 22, 2001). \"Seventy-year-old thesis still seen as valuable today\". *Taipei Times*. p. 2.  (Eng-gí)\n* 歷史的228-消失的台灣精英. *228.org.tw* (ēng Chinese). goân-loē-iông tī 2010-01-21 hőng khó͘-pih. CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) (Hàn-gí)\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 78070009\n* LCCN: n97103688\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 6394 4050\n* NDL: 00944037\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Lîm Bō͘-seng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[764,3809,0.20057757941716986],"infobox":["
    Lin Mosei
    林茂生
    \n
    Lîm Bō͘-seng
    Tshut-sì\n1887-nî 10-goe̍h 30-li̍t
    \"\" Chheng-kok Hok-kiàn Tâi-oân-séng Tâi-lâm-hú Pîn-tong Tang-káng
    Kuè-sin\n1947-nî 3-goe̍h 11-li̍t
    \"\" Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Tâi-oân-séng Tâi-pak-chhī
    Kok-tsi̍k\nTâi-oân
    Tsit-gia̍p\nHa̍k-chiá [en]
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4248}} -{"text":"**Hì-lô-pēⁿ** (肺癆病, Hôa-gí: 肺結核; Eng-gí: Tuberculosis).\n\nKán-kài\n-------\n\nHì-lô-pēⁿ, sī hì-pō͘ kám-jiám kiat-hu̍t kóaiⁿ-khún (結核桿菌, *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*) liáu-āu chhut-hiān ê chi̍t-pēⁿ. Hōan-chiá ê hì-pō͘ cho-siū pēⁿ-khún ê chhim-si̍h soah lâi kiat-chò kui-lia̍p kui-lia̍p, ná-chhiūⁿ kóe-chí ê hu̍t, só͘-í lâng to̍h ka kiò-chòe \"hì-kiat-hu̍t\". \n\nKiat-hu̍t kóaiⁿ-khún ū-hoat-thang tī lâng ê sin-thé siōng chōe-chōe khì-koan tang-tiong chō-sêng pāi-hāi. In-ūi kiat-hu̍t kóaiⁿ-khún thong-kòe khong-khì thôan-jiám, iû ho͘-khip-tō chìn-ji̍p jîn-thé lōe-pō͘, só͘-í hì-lô-pēⁿ sǹg-kóng sī it-chhè kiat-hu̍t-pēⁿ tang-tiong hoat-pēⁿ ki-lu̍t siōng-kài chia̍p ê chi̍t-chióng.\n\nThoân-jiám-pēⁿ-ha̍k\n-------------------\n\nKun-kù Sè-kài Ōe-seng Cho͘-chit (WHO) ê gián-kiù piáu-bêng, hì-lô-pēⁿ í-keng chiâⁿ-chòe chôan-kiû-sèng ê gûi-ki. \n\n1995 nî, chôan-kiû lóng-chóng ū 310-bān lâng in-ūi tit-tio̍h hì-lô lâi sí-bông, iā-to̍h-sī kóng pêng-kun múi 10 biáu-cheng to̍h ū 1 ê hì-lô pēⁿ-lâng kòe-sin. Ah kiat-hu̍t kóaiⁿ-khún mā chiâⁿ-chòe sè-kài tē-it tōa ê thôan-jiám pēⁿ-gôan-thé. Kó͘-kè kàu-kah 2015 nî (20 nî āu), chôan-kiû kám-jiám hì-lô ê lâng ē chhiau-kòe 10-ek, kî-tiong iok-lio̍k ū 2-ek lâng ē hoat-pēⁿ, 7000-bān lâng ē sí-bông. Chiàu chit-ê thóng-kè sò͘-jī lâi kóng, kàu-kah hit-chūn, tāi-iok múi kòe 1 biáu-cheng to̍h ū 2 ê lâng sí tī hì-lô-pēⁿ.\n\nHì-lô-pēⁿ ê hun-lūi\n-------------------\n\nHì-lô-pēⁿ ē-tàng pun-chò khai-hòng-sèng (disseminated) kah hui-khai-hòng-sèng 2-chióng. \n\n1. Hui-khai-hòng-sèng hì-lô: pēⁿ-lâng pun-sin ê thâm-nōa a̍h-sī nōa-chhiu bô chah pēⁿ-khún, bōe thôan-jiám.\n2. Khai-hòng-sèng hì-lô: pēⁿ-lâng ê thâm-nōa, nōa-chhiu chah pēⁿ-khún tī-leh, tng-tong pēⁿ-lâng khām-sàu a̍h-sī phah-kha-chhiùⁿ liáu-āu, pēⁿ-khún ē thong-kòe nōa-chhiu thôan-pò͘ kàu khong-khì tang-tiong, chō-sêng khong-khì u-jiám, sūn-sòa kā pēⁿ-khún òe hō͘ kiān-khong lâng.\n\nHoat-pēⁿ ê kòe-thêng\n--------------------\n\nM̄-sī kóng só·-ū kám-jiám tio̍h hì-lô pēⁿ-khún ê lâng lóng ē hoat-pēⁿ. Ū-ê lâng thé-chit khah ióng, bián-e̍k hē-thóng chèng-siông--ê, chún-kóng kám-jiám to̍h pēⁿ-khún liáu-āu, mā bô-it-tēng hiān hoat-pēⁿ, ū-ê lâng sīm-chì lóng m̄-chai ka-kī í-keng kám-jiám pēⁿ-khún. Iah m̄-koh, kàu-kah in thé-chit piàn hi-jio̍k, bián-e̍k lêng-le̍k hā-kàng liáu-āu, thé-lāi ê hì-lô pēⁿ-khún to̍h-ē khai-sí hoat-chok, chhut-hiān 1-kóa-á chèng-chn̄g. \n\nŪ-ê bián-e̍k lêng-le̍k chin-chiàⁿ hi-jio̍k ê pēⁿ-lâng, nā kòe tio̍h pēⁿ-khún liáu-āu, pēⁿ-khún to̍h-ē má-siōng tùi hì-pō· cho·-chit chō-sêng pāi-hāi, pēⁿ-khún ē thong-kòe hoeh-lō· sûn-khôan a̍h-sī lîn-pa-sòaⁿ, chin-kín to̍h khok-sàn kàu sin-khu ê kî-thaⁿ khì-koan. Koh sòa--lo̍h-khì, chèng-chn̄g ē tī-leh té-kî lāi chhut-hiān, pēⁿ-lâng chin ū khó-lêng tī té-té nng saⁿ lé-pài to̍h lâi sí-bông.\n\n－ Hì-pō· cho·-chit hoat-iām, hêng-sêng chhiam-hòa a̍h-sī kài-hòa (纖化及鈣化), kiat-hu̍t kóaiⁿ-khún chhim-si̍h hì-pō· hūn-kīn ê hoeh-kńg kah lîn-pa-sòaⁿ, chō-sêng lîm-pa-ha̍t chéng-tōa. \n\n－ Pēⁿ-khún sûi tio̍h hoeh-e̍k sûn-khôan a̍h-sī lîm-pa-sòaⁿ khok-sàn kàu sin-thé ê kî-thaⁿ pō·-ūi, pí-jû-kóng náu-mo̍h, koaⁿ-chōng, io-chí, kut-keh, kut-chhóe, pî-chōng, io-chí-sòaⁿ téng-téng, chô-sêng tōa hōan-ûi iū-koh giâm-tiōng ê pāi-hāi.\n\nChèng-chn̄g\n-----------\n\nHì-lô hoat-chok ê sî, pēⁿ-lâng ē chhut-hiān ē-kha ê chèng-chn̄g: \n\n* Khe̍hⁿ-khe̍hⁿ-sàu, hoeh-thâm, he-khu-chhóan\n* Bê-pn̄g chia̍h bōe lo̍h-khì, bōe siau, siau-sán lo̍h-bah\n* Àm-sî teh khùn gâu lâu chhìn-kōaⁿ, sit-bîn\n* Ē-tàu-sî gâu lâu-kōaⁿ, ē jo̍ah\n\nNā chhut-hiān chia-ê chèng-chn̄g liáu-āu, to̍h ài kóaⁿ-kín chiap-siū tī-liâu, m̄-thang iân-gō· sî-ki. Nā-bô, tán-thāi pēⁿ-khún khok-sàn liáu-āu, pēⁿ-chêng chìn-chi̍t-pō· ok-hòa, beh lâi tī-liâu to̍h ke-chin oh, m̄-nā thoa-soa, giâm-tiōng--ê koh ē tō-tì sí-bông.\n\nChín-tōan hong-hoat\n-------------------\n\n* Chiò tiān-kong kiám-cha (X光檢查/Chest X-ray)\n* phôe ē chhì-chiam (皮下試針/PPD,tuberculintest)\n* Hián-bî-kiàⁿ hòa-giām thâm ê iūⁿ-pún (顯微鏡化驗痰樣本/Sputum Smear Direct Microscopy)\n* Thâm tiong ê sè-khún pôe-io̍k (痰細菌培殖/Sputum Culture)\n* Ki-khì-kńg-kiàⁿ ê kiám-cha (支氣管鏡檢查/Bronchoscopy)\n* O̍ah-cho·-chit kiám-cha (活組織檢查/Tissue Biopsy)\n* Tiān-náu sàu-biâu 電腦掃描/CT Scan)\n\nTī-liâu\n-------\n\n *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nŪ-hông\n------\n\nNā beh ū-hāu ū-hông kah khòng-chè hì-lô ê thôan-jiám, pit-su ùi ē-kha 3 hong-bīn chò khí: \n\n* Chám-tn̄g thôan-jiám lō·-tô·\n\nPēⁿ-lâng ài te̍k-pia̍t chù-ì kò-jîn ōe-seng. Khām-sàu a̍h-sī phah-kha-chhiùⁿ ê sî, ài iōng chhiú-kin-á ng--leh, m̄-thang o·-pe̍h phùi-thâm, koh ài tēng-sî tēng-liōng ho̍k-io̍k, kàng-ke thôan-jiám kah khòng-chè pēⁿ-khún hôan-si̍t. \n\n* Khòng-chè pēⁿ-gôan, chò-kàu liōng-chá hoat-hiān, liōng-chá keh-lî, liōng-chá tī-liâu\n\nPēⁿ-lâng ê ka-sio̍k, chhin-chiâⁿ pêng-iú lóng-chóng ài chiap-siū kiám-cha, nā hoat-hiān ū kám-jiám a̍h-sī ū chèng-chn̄g--ê, to̍h-ài liōng-chá chìn-hêng tī-liâu, pī-bián pēⁿ-khún koh-chài khok-sàn. \n\nChèng-hú ài tēng-kî tùi gōa-lâi jîn-ôan chò hì-pō· kiám-cha, pí-lūn-kóng chiò tiān-kong, hông-chí gōa-lāi thôan-jiám. \n\n* Hông-chí chiap-chhiok pēⁿ-khún liáu-āu hoat-pēⁿ\n\nŪ-hông chù-siā, chiap-chèng khòng pēⁿ-khún ê e̍k-biâu \"BCG Vaccination\"\nPó-chhî chhiong-chiok ê khùn-bîn sî-kan\nSek-tòng chò ūn-tōng, thê-kôan tí-khòng-le̍k\nChù-ì khòng-chè chia̍h-si̍t chèng-siông\nPó-chhî ho·-khip sin-sián ê khong-khì\nCheng-kiông thé-phek\nPēⁿ-lâng ài kip-sî chiap-siū tī-liâu","meta":{"title":"Hì-lô-pēⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1115,5318,0.20966528770214365],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6174}} -{"text":"**Lîm Chong-goân** (林宗源, 1935 nî chhut-sì), Tâi-oân Tâi-lâm-chhī lâng, tùi Tâi-lâm Jī Tiong pit-gia̍p. 1970 nî-tāi khai-sí ēng Tâi-gí siá si, sī chiàn-āu thê-chhiòng Tâi-gí-si ê sian-hong chi it. I iā-bat sī Hiān-tāi Si-siā siā-tiúⁿ, Tâi-gí-bûn Thui-tián Hia̍p-hoē hoē-tiúⁿ. 1964 nî ka-ji̍p Le̍h-si-siā, 1987 nî sī Tâi-oân Pit-hoē lí-sū, 1991 nî kap N̂g Kèng-liân téng lâng chhòng-li̍p 'Han-chî Si-siā', hoat-hêng *Han-chî Si-khan*, kiông-tiāu \"Tâi-gí bûn-ha̍k chiū-sī Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k\", 1994 nî chham-ú chú-pān tē-it kài Lâm-khun-sin Tâi-gí Bûn-ha̍k-iâⁿ. 1976 nî tit-tio̍h Ngô͘ Cho̍k-liû Sin-si Chióng, 1994 nî the̍h-tio̍h Êng-hiō Tâi-oân Si Chióng, 2004 nî koh tit-tio̍h Iâm-hūn Tē-tài Bûn-gē Iâⁿ Tâi-oân Bûn-ha̍k Kòng-hiàn Chióng. \n\nLîm Chong-goân tì-tiōng si ê ti-sèng, si-chok ê toê-châi ū chin-choē khoán, tùi Tâi-oân siā-hoē, hiong-thó͘, jîn-seng tiat-ha̍k kàu chèng-tī ūn-tōng lóng ū. Ū si-chi̍p *Le̍k ê Kiàn-tio̍k*, *Si̍t-phín-tiàm*, *Pó͘ Phoà-bāng*, *Le̍k ê Bú-tō*, *Lô-chúi-khe*, *Lîm Chong-goân Tâi-gí Si-soán*, *Bô Kìm-khī ê Kek-chêng*, *Lîm Chong-goân Tâi-gí Si Cheng-soán-chi̍p*, téng-téng.\n\nChham-khó Chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* Lī Heng-chhiong: *Tâi-oân Si-jîn Gián-kiù Lūn-bûn-chi̍p*, Tâi-lâm Chhī-li̍p Bûn-hoà Tiong-sim, 1995.","meta":{"title":"Lîm Chong-goân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[96,1176,0.08163265306122448],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1389}} -{"text":"Lîm Gí-tông, 1939 nî\n**Lîm Gí-tông** (林語堂, 1895 nî 10 go̍eh 10 - 1976 nî 3 go̍eh 26), Hok-kiàn Liông-khe (chit-chūn ê Liông-hái) lâng. Gôan miâ kiò-chòe **Hô-lo̍k**, lō͘-bóe kái miâ **Gio̍k-tông**, āu--lâi iū-koh kái-chò **Gí-tông**. Kong-gôan 1912 nî ji̍p-khì **Siōng-hái Sèng Iok-hān Toā-o̍h** (上海聖約翰大學), pit-gia̍p liáu-āu tiàm Chheng-hôa Tāi-ha̍k chòe sian-siⁿ. 1919 nî chhiu-thiⁿ tī Bí-kok **Harvard Toā-o̍h Bûn-ha̍k-hē** (Department of literature of Harvard University) chhim-chō, 1922 nî the̍h-tio̍h sek-sū ha̍k-ūi. Liáu-āu, khì-kàu Tek-kok **Leipzig Toā-o̍h** (University of Leipzig), choan-kong Gí-giân ha̍k. 1923 nî the̍h-tio̍h phok-sū ha̍k-ūi, liáu-āu tò-tńg khì Tiong-kok, tī Pak-kiaⁿ Toā-o̍h chò kàu-siū, iū-koh kiam **Pak-kiaⁿ Lú-chú Su-hōan Toā-o̍h** kàu-bū-tiúⁿ kah **Eng-bûn hē** chú-jīm. 1924 nî liáu-āu, chiâⁿ-chòe *Gí-si* (語絲) ê chú-pit (chú-iàu chok-chiá). 1926 nî, tam-jīm Ē-mn̂g Toā-o̍h **Bûn-ha̍k īⁿ** īⁿ-tiúⁿ. 1927 nî tām-jīm kok-ka Gōa-kau-pō͘ pì-su. 1932 nî, chú-pian pòaⁿ-go̍eh-tâm *Lûn-gí*. 1934 chhong-pan *Jîn-se-kan*, 1935 nî chhòng-pān*Ú-tiū hong* (宇宙風), chhiòng-gī siá-chok ê hong-keh to̍h-ài kian-chhî \"**chú-ngó· ûi tiong-sim, sok-chō chheng-êng koh sù-sī ê hong-keh**\". 1935 nî liáu-āu, tī Bí-kok iōng Eng-bûn siá liáu 1-kóa-á tú-miâ ê bûn-hòa chok-phín kah **tn̂g-phiⁿ siáu-soat**, pí-lūn-kóng : *Ngô͘-kok Ngô͘-bîn* (吾國吾民), *Kiaⁿ-hôa Ian-hûn* (京華煙雲), *Hong-siaⁿ Ho̍k-lē* (風聲鶴唳) téng-téng. \n\n1944 nî, Lîm Gí-tông ùi **Bí-kok** tò-tńg khì Tiong-kok, tī Tiōng-khèng káng-o̍h. 1945 nî khì Sin-ka-pho tiû-kiàn Lâm-iûⁿ Tāi-ha̍k, tī hia chò hāu-tiúⁿ. 1952 nî, tī Bí-kok hām pêng-iú chhòng-pan *Thian-hong* cha̍p-chì. 1966 nî khì Tâi-ôan tēng-ki. 1967 nî, hō· Hiong-káng Tiong-bûn Tāi-ha̍k phèng-jīm chò gián-kiù kàu-siū. 1975 nî chiâⁿ-chòe kok-chè pit-hōe hù hōe-tiúⁿ. 1976 nî tiàm Hiong-káng kòe-sin.","meta":{"title":"Lîm Gí-tông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1761,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2077}} -{"text":"Lîm Hiàn-tông sian-siⁿ.\n**Lîm Hiàn-tông** (Hàn-jī: 林獻堂; 1881 nî 10 goe̍h 22 ji̍t - 1956 nî 9 goe̍h 8 ji̍t), miâ **Tiau-thim** (朝琛), **Hiàn-tông** sī i ê pió-jī, hō **Koàn-oân** (灌園).\n\nLîm Hiàn-tông tī Tâi-tiong-chhī Bū-hong-khu chhut-sì, sī Bū-hong Lîm-ka (霧峰林家) ê ka-cho̍k sêng-goân.\n\nLîm Hiàn-tông sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi hô-pêng chèng-tī khòng-cheng ê tāi-piáu jîn-bu̍t, bat thui-tōng Tâi-oân Gī-hōe siat-tì chhéng-goān ūn-tōng (臺灣議會設置請願運動).\n\n1947 nî, Tâi-oân hoat-seng Jī-jī-pat sū-kiāⁿ. Lîm Hiàn-tông kiaⁿ ē hō Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng sat-hāi, só͘-í i chí-ū soán-te̍k lī-khui Tâi-oân, poaⁿ-sóa khì Ji̍t-pún lâi pó-choân sèⁿ-miā, āu-lâi chiū tām hia kòe-sin. Sí-āu, i lo̍h-chòng Tâi-oân. I poaⁿ-sóa toà tī Ji̍t-pún ê sî-chūn, iáu ū lâu-hā tùi Tâi-oân ê su-liām ê si-koa chok-phín: \"*Īⁿ-kok kang-san kham sió-chū, kó͘-hn̂g hoe-chháu iú sûi liân?*\" (異國江山堪小住，故園花草有誰憐？).","meta":{"title":"Lîm Hiàn-tông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,870,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1016}} -{"text":"**Vancouver** [ban khu berh] (IPA [vænˈkuːvɚ]) tī Canada British Columbia lāi-bīn ê sai-lâm,\nCanada se-pōo té hai/tuā ê siâⁿ-tshī kah hái-káng. Lîn-kháu 58-bān guā (2005-nî), nā hâm kau-khu (GVRD) suah sǹg, lîn\nkháu 221-bān kha-tau (2005-nî), Canada tsuân-kok tē-3 miâ. Kah Vancouver-tshī saⁿ-uá-- ê ū 3-gê siâⁿ-tshī: Burnaby,\nRichmond, West Vancouver.\n\nVancouver-káng (Port of Vancouver) sī sè-kài ê miâ-siaⁿ káng-kháu, Vancouver sī Pak-bí ê \nLos Angeles kah New York í-guā, tē-3 hai/tuā ê tiān-iáⁿ tshut-sán tiong-sim, hōng hō-tsuè Pak-Hollywood. Tī 2010-nî tsú-sīr tē-11 kài kuâⁿ--lâng ê Olympics (XXI Olympic Winter Games). Vancouver tī Canada sī sing-ua̍h sîng-pún tē-2 kuì ê sóo-tsāi. Tsuân sè-kài té hó khiā-khí ê 5-gê siâⁿ-tshī, Vancouver ta̍k-nî lóng hūn ū hūn.\n\nVancouver lua̍h-thiⁿ bô luā lua̍h, ūn-tōo 20 kàu 25 tiong-hng, kuâⁿ-thiⁿ bô luā kuâⁿ, 10 guā tōo, 1-nî lo̍h tsi̍t nn̄g páiⁿ serh. Tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kui-li̍t hōo lo̍h buē lī.\n\nTsiâⁿ-tsuē Tâi-guân lâng î-bîn lâi Canada, lóng khiā tī Vancouver khah tsuē.","meta":{"title":"Vancouver","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,968,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1131}} -{"text":"**Tiān-náu** mā-hō **kè-sǹg-ki**, sī 1 cho àn-chiàu chí-lēng (thêng-sek) chhau-chok chu-liāu ê ki-khì. Tāi-khài tī 1940-nî kàu 1945-nî sî, tē-1 tâi ū chhin-chhiūⁿ hiān-tāi tiān-náu ê sán-phín chiah hoat-piáu, sui-jiân chìn-chêng í-keng ū chi̍t-koá-á khài-liām-sèng ê sán-phín. Hit-sî-chūn ê tiān-náu chin toā chiah, chiⁿ kah chi̍t-keng toā pâng-keng boán-boán, chia̍h-ê tiān sī hiān-tāi kò-jîn tiān-náu ê kúi pah poē. Hiān-tāi ê tiān-náu in-ūi ū chek-thé tiān-lō͘, m̄-chiah ē-thang piàn sè-chiah, kong-lêng mā cheng-ka kúi pah-bān poē. Taⁿ, kán-tan ê tiān-náu ē-sái khǹg ji̍p chhiú-pió, chia̍h ê tiān iōng chhiú-pió ê tiān-tî tio̍h ē-sái-tit. Kóng-tio̍h tiān-náu, ta̍k-ke siūⁿ tio̍h chiū sī kò-jîn tiān-náu, kî-si̍t chiâⁿ phó͘-phiàn hông sú-iōng ê sī khàm-ji̍p-sek tiān-náu, he sī iōng lâi khòng-chè kî-thaⁿ-ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ, chiâⁿ-chē sī tī ki-hâi lāi-té. Phì-jû-kóng tī chiàn-tàu hui-hêng-ki, kang-gia̍p ki-khì-lâng, tiān-chú hip-siòng-ki, gín-á sńg-mi̍h.\n\nIn-ūi tiān-náu ū-hoat-tō͘ thú-chûn jî-chhiáⁿ chip-hêng chí-lēng, só͘-í kong-lêng chē-chē khoán, che mā sī i kap kè-sǹg-ki ê hun-pia̍t. Church-Turing thesis tio̍h sī teh piáu-ta̍t tiān-náu to-kong-lêng ê chi̍t-ê sò͘-ha̍k lūn-tiám: chi̍t-chiah sè-chiah tiān-náu nā ū chi̍t-koá-á siōng ki-pún ê kong-lêng, goân-chek-siōng tio̍h ē-tàng chò kî-thaⁿ jīm-hô chi̍t-tâi tiān-náu só͘ ē-tàng chò ē khang-khoè. Ia̍h tio̍h-sī kóng, chí-iàu sî-kan kap thú-chûn khong-kan ū kàu, chhiūⁿ kò-jîn sò͘-ūi chō͘-lí iōng ê sè-chiah tiān-náu mā ū-hoat-tō͘ chò chi̍t-tâi chhiau-kip tiān-náu chò ê khang-khoè.","meta":{"title":"Tiān-náu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1580,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1802}} -{"text":"\n**Tong-keng Gī Sio̍k** (Hàn-jī: 東京義塾; Kok-gú-jī: *Đông Kinh Nghĩa Thục*) sī chi̍t keng chûn-chāi sî-kan té-chiām m̄-koh khū-iú tiōng-tāi le̍k-sú ì-gī ê Oa̍t-lâm kàu-io̍k thui-tōng ki-kò͘. I siat-tì chāi Oa̍t-lâm ê Hô-lāi, kū-miâ Tong-keng (東京). Tong-keng Gī Sio̍k ê chhòng-siat sī ūi-tio̍h beh kái-kek 20 sè-kí chho͘-kî, chhú-chāi Hoat-kok si̍t-bîn thóng-tī hā ê Oa̍t-lâm siā-hōe.\n\nTong-keng Gī Sio̍k tī 1907 nî 3 goe̍h sêng-li̍p, i-ê chú-iàu chhòng-pān-chiá sī Niû Bûn-kan (*Lương Văn Can*), iáu-ū kî-thaⁿ chhut-miâ ê ài-kok-chiá, chhin-chhiūⁿ sī Phoaⁿ Pōe-chu kap Phoaⁿ Chiu-teng téng-téng. In chú-tiuⁿ Oa̍t-lâm èng-kai ài hòng-khì lâi-chū Tiong-kok ê Jû-ka kū su-ûi, pēng-chhiáⁿ ha̍k-si̍p chiap-siū Se-hong kap Ji̍t-pún ê sin su-sióng. Ūi-tio̍h beh thui-tōng sin su-sióng ê kàu-io̍k kap thoân-pò͘, Tong-keng Gī Sio̍k sú-iōng lô-má-hòa ê pheng-im bûn-jī Kok-gú-jī lâi chhut-pán kàu-châi kap pò-chóa. Che tùi āu-lâi Kok-gú-jī ê phó͘-ki̍p sán-seng liáu it-tēng ê chhiok-chìn chok-iōng; iā kàng-kē thoân-thóng Hàn Lâm su-siá ê éng-hióng. Tong-keng Gī Sio̍k thê-kiong jīm-hô siūⁿ beh liáu-kái sin su-sióng ê Oa̍t-lâm jîn-bîn bián-hùi ê kà-chheh kàu-ha̍k.\n\nTong-keng Gī Sio̍k kā Hàn-bûn, Kok-gú-jī-bûn iáu-ū Hoat-bûn tàu-tīn kàu-siū. Tong-keng Gī Sio̍k ê ki-koan cha̍p-chì *Teng-kó͘ Chông-pò* (*Đăng cổ Tùng báo*) chhái-iōng Hàn-bûn kap Kok-gú-jī chò-ûi su-siá ê hêng-sek; che sī Hô-lāi tē-it pái iōng Kok-gú-jī hoat-hêng ê pò-chóa. 1907 nî 3 goe̍h 28 hō, *Teng-kó͘ Chông-pò* í \"An-lâm-lâng èng-kai siá An-lâm bûn-jī\" ûi-tê, thê-chhut Hàn Lâm kap Hàn-jī tùi ín-chìn gōa-kok tì-sek ê khùn-lân, chú-tiuⁿ sú-iōng khah hong-piān iā khah cheng-khak piáu-ta̍t ê Kok-gú-jī. Tong-keng Gī Sio̍k tī 1908 nî pī si̍t-bîn-tē chèng-hú hā-lēng hong-só.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Iwatsuki Junichi (岩月純一), *Kīn-tāi Oa̍t-lâm ê Hàn-jī būn-tê*","meta":{"title":"Tong-keng Gī Sio̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[64,1793,0.03569436698271054],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2091}} -{"text":"**Tiān-hō** (Hàn-jī: 電荷, Eng-gí: *electric charge*) sī bu̍t-chit ê chi̍t chióng bu̍t-lí sèng-chit, ū tiān-hō ê bu̍t-chit khǹg tī tiān-chû-tiûⁿ tiong ē kám-siū-tio̍h la̍t.\n\n\n| Tiān-hō |\n| --- |\n| 替代文字替代文字Tiān-siang-ke̍k-chú (chi̍t siang chiàⁿ, hū tiám-tiān-hō) ê tiān-tiûⁿ. |\n| Chia̍p-iōng hû-hō | {\\displaystyle q} |\n| SI tan-ūi | coulomb |\n| Kî-thaⁿ tan-ūi | * ki-pún tiān-hō\n* faraday\n* ampere-tiám-cheng\n |\n| iōng SI ki-pún tan-ūi | C = A s |\n| Sī-liōng-sèng? | sī |\n| Siú-hêng? | sī |\n| Liōng-kong | **T** **I** |\n\nKài-lūn\n-------\n\n### Tiān-sèng\n\nTiān-hō ū hun nn̄g chióng **tiān-sèng**: *chiàⁿ-tiān-hō* (Eng-gí: *positive charge*, hû-hō: {\\displaystyle +}) kap *hū-tiān-hō* (Eng-gí: *negative charge*, hû-hō: {\\displaystyle -}). Tông-sèng tiān-hō ē hō͘-siong pâi-thek, í-sèng tiān-hō ē hō͘-siong khip-ín. \n\n### Tiān-liōng\n\nTiān-hō ê chē-chió tō sī **tiān-hō-liōng** ia̍h sī **tiān-liōng**. Tī sò͘-ha̍k-sek lāi-té, it-poaⁿ lóng sī iōng sió-siá ê Lô-má-jī {\\displaystyle q} lâi tāi-piáu tiān-hō ia̍h sī tiān-liōng. Chiàⁿ tiān-hō ê tiān-liōng tio̍h ài iōng chiàⁿ-sò͘ lâi sǹg ({\\displaystyle q>0}), hū tiān-hō--ê tio̍h ài iōng hū-sò͘ lâi sǹg ({\\displaystyle q<0}), Chiàⁿ, hū tiān-hō mā ē-sái sio-tú, chhun--ê tō kiò-chò **chēng tiān-hō** (Eng-gí: net charge). Bô chēng tiān-hō ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ tō hō-chò sī *tiong-sèng--ê* (Eng-gí: neutral).\n\n#### Tan-ūi\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: coulomb\nTiān-hō ê SI tan-ūi sī coulomb (hû-hō: C), chit ê miâ lâi-chū Hoat-kok bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka Charles-Augustin de Coulomb. Coulomb sī chi̍t chióng ián-seng tan-ūi ē-tàng iōng koh-khah ki-pún ê tan-ūi lâi piáu-ta̍t. In-ūi tiān-hō ê liōng-kong sī tiān-liû tan-ūi sêng-í sî-kan tan-ūi, phì-lūn-kóng 1 coulomb = 1 ampere × 1 bió. \n\nTû-liáu coulomb, tiān-hō koh ū chi̍t-kóa-á pa̍t-ê tan-ūi. \n\n* Tī bu̍t-lí kap hòa-ha̍k, ū-sî ē iōng ki-pún tiān-hō {\\displaystyle e} chò tan-ūi.\n* Tī tiān-hòa-ha̍k, ē iōng Faraday siông-sò͘ tāi-piáu chi̍t mole tiān-chú ê tiān-liōng.\n* Tī tiān-ki kang-têng, ampere-tiám-cheng (A**⋅**h) ia̍h hô-ampere-tiám-cheng (mA**⋅**h) khah chia̍p teh iōng, chhiūⁿ chi̍t lia̍p AA-hêng ta-tiān-tî ê tiān-liōng chha-put-to ū 2 kàu 3 A**⋅**h.\n\n### Tiān-hō siú-hêng\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: tiān-hō siú-hêng\nTiān-hō sī siú-hêng--ê (Eng-gí: conserved). Che ì-sù sī kóng, ko͘-li̍p hē-thóng ê chēng tiān-hō-liōng put-piàn.\n\n### Ki-pún tiān-hō\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: ki-pún tiān-hō\n20 sè-kí chho͘, Robert Andrews Milikan ê iû-tih si̍t-giām chèng-bêng tiān-hō sī *liōng-chú-hòa--ê*. Che ì-sù sī kóng, ē-ēng-tit chū-iû chûn-chāi ê tiān-hō, i ê tiān-liōng it-tēng sī *siōng chió tan-ūi* ê chéng-sò͘ pōe. Chit ê siōng chió tan-ūi hō͘ lâng kiò-chò ki-pún tiān-hō, hû-hō sī {\\displaystyle e}, i ê tat chha-put-to sī {\\displaystyle 1.602\\times 10^{-19}~{\\text{C}}}. Sui-jiân quark chit khoán lia̍p-chú bô hû-ha̍p liōng-chú-hòa, in ê tiān-liōng lóng sī {\\textstyle {\\frac {1}{3}}e} ê pōe-sò͘, tān-sī in it-tēng ē kiat-ha̍p chò-hóe, chiâⁿ-chò tiān-liōng ûi {\\displaystyle e} ê chéng-sò͘ pōe ê lia̍p-chú.\n\nTiān-hō sī iû chhù-goân-chú lia̍p-chú só͘ chah--ê. It-poaⁿ bu̍t-chit ê chiàⁿ tiān-hō kap hū tiān-hō hun-pia̍t sī chit-chú kap tiān-chú só͘ chah--ê. Chit-chú ê tiān-liōng sī {\\displaystyle +e}, tiān-chú ê tiān-liōng sī {\\displaystyle -e}.\n\n### Tiān-hō hun-pò͘\n\n### Tiān-hō ê Kau-hō͘ chok-iōng\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: tiān-chû-la̍t\nTiān-hō ē thàu-kòe tiān-chû-tiûⁿ lâi kap pa̍t-ê tiān-hō ū kau-hō͘ chok-iōng, che tō sī tiān-chû-la̍t, mā sī sì chióng ki-pún-la̍t chi it. Tiān-chû-tiûⁿ pau-koa tiān-tiûⁿ kap chû-tiûⁿ. Kan-ta chēng-chí ê tiān-hō tō ē tī sì-chiu sán-seng tiān-tiûⁿ, teh tín-tāng ê tiān-hō chiah ē sán-seng chû-tiûⁿ.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTiān-liû\n--------\n\nTiān-liû ê pún-chit sī tiān-hō ê liû-tōng.\n\nSok-pa̍k tiān-hō kap chū-iû tiān-hō\n-----------------------------------","meta":{"title":"Tiān-hō","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[618,3600,0.17166666666666666],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4319}} -{"text":"Lô Tāi-iū (2011)\n**Lô Tāi-iū** (羅大佑), Tâi-oân-lâng, sī tī Tâi-oân Tâi-pak-chhī chhut-sì ê Kheh-lâng-á, iā sī Tâi-oân ū-miâ ê chhòng-chok koa-chhiú, im-ga̍k-ka, ū \"Hoâ-gú Liû-hêng-ge̍k Kàu-hù\" (華語流行樂教父) ê miâ-hō. I bat chhòng-chok pēng ián-chhiùⁿ *Loān-khek 1980* (戀曲1980), *Loān-khek 1990* (戀曲1990), *Tông-liân* (童年), *Kong-im tek Kò͘-sū* (光陰的故事), *Lo̍k-káng Sió-tìn* (鹿港小鎮), *Ài-jîn Tông-chì* (愛人同志), *A-sè-a tek Ko͘-jî* (亞細亞的孤兒), *Iá-peh-ha̍p iá-iú Chhun-thian* (野百合也有春天), *Tang-hong chi Chu* (東方之珠), *Hông-hiō Tāi-tō Tang* (皇后大道東), *Chi-ho͘-chiá-iā* (之乎者也), *Hái-siōng-hoa* (海上花), *Sī-hó͘* (是否), *Bêng-thian Hōe Kèng-hó͘ⁿ* (明天會更好) téng-téng Hoâ-gú, Bân-lâm-gú, kap Oa̍t-gú hui-siông chhut-miâ ê koa-khek, tùi 1980 nî-tāi āu-kî kàu 1990 nî-tāi chho͘-kî hāu-hn̂g bîn-koa kap kui-ê Hoâ-gú liû-hêng im-ga̍k hong-keh choán-piàn ū toā sî-tāi ê éng-hióng, i-ê koa-khek iā sī chē-chē koa-chhiú sio-cheⁿ beh hoan-chhiùⁿ ê tùi-siòng.","meta":{"title":"Lô Tāi-iū","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,942,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1093}} -{"text":"\n**Ka-lí-hin** (佳里興) sī Tâi-oân Tâi-lâm-chhī lāi-té ê chi̍t-ê chū-lo̍h, tī Ka-lí-khu ê hêng-chèng-khu lāi-bīn, só͘-chāi sī Ka-lí chhī-khu kap Ha̍k-kah ê tiong-ng. Pún chng hêng-chèng siōng tāi-iok sī pun hō͘ Ka-hòa-lí (佳化里), Heng-hoà-lí (興化里) kap Lé-hòa-lí (禮化里) lâi koán; kok lí ē-té ê chú-iàu siā-lí hun-pia̍t sī Thâu-chêng-khó͘ (頭前許), Thâm-á-kîⁿ (潭仔墘) kap Āu-piah-chan (後壁曾), kui-ê Ka-lí-hin sī seh Chìn-heng-kiong (震興宮) chò tiong-sim.\n\nMiâ\n---\n\nKa-lí-hin chit-ê miâ sī tùi Pêⁿ-po͘ ê Ka-lí-hin-siā hō--lâi, ì-sù sī \"Ka-lí-chó͘ sîn ê tē\", ē-ēng-tit kì chò *k-alit-hen*, chit jī ia̍h ū khó-lêng sī chhan-chhiūⁿ chit kóa Lâm-tó-hē giân-gí ê pau-sû kò͘-chō (jī-sû piàn-khoán tàu tī thâu-bóe), tō sī \"*Alit* ê só͘-chāi\".\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nKa-lí-hin ē-té ê Thâu-chêng-khó͘ siā-lí ūi tī leh Chìn-heng-kiong ê tang-lâm-pêng, chú-iàu sī Tēⁿ-sī sî-kî Chôan-chiû-lâng Khó͘ Hi-tián (許希典) pē-kiáⁿ kòe khui-khún--ê; ùi kiong āu, sī chi̍t ūi kiò chò Āu-piah-chan ê siā-lí, chú-iàu sī 1729 nî tùi Kim-mn̂g kòe khai-ki; nā Chìn-heng-kiong sai-lâm-pêng ê Thâm-á-kîⁿ, chú-iàu ê khai-ki-chiá sī Tēⁿ-sī sî-kî kòe--khì ê An-khe-lâng N̂g Kok-tiâu (黃國朝). Lēng-gōa, Ka-lí-hin koh ū kî-tha sèⁿ-sī chng-thâu, phì-jū Thâu-chêng-khó͘ ê pak-pêng ū Āu-bīn-chhòa, Thâm-á-kîⁿ pak-pêng mā ū sèⁿ Lí ê siā-lí.\n\nKa-lí-hin ê sì-ûi kî-tha chng-siā, ū So͘-chhù-liâu (蘇厝寮), Lâi-chhian-liâu (萊芊寮), Chhiong-kong-liâu (充公寮), Khó͘-tek-ûi (許竹圍), Khu-tek-ûi (邱竹圍), N̂g-tek-ûi (黃竹圍) téng-téng.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nJi̍t-pún sî-tāi chá-kî tē-tô͘ téng ê Ka-lí-hin (tiong-ng) kap hū-kīn só͘-chāi.\nKa-lí-hin ū khó-lêng sī kó͘-chá Tēⁿ-sī Thian-heng-koān (天興縣) ê koān-tī só͘-chāi-tē. Chheng-kok thóng-tī chá-kî chiong Chu-lô-koān koān-tī siat ùi pún tē-hng, kàu 1704 nî ê sî chia̍h soah kòe Chû-lô-soaⁿ (諸羅山).\n\nJi̍t-pún sî-tāi chit ūi siat 1-ê tōa-jī hêng-chèng-khu, 1939 nî ū jîn-kháu 4,900 chó͘-iū.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. 1 2 \"Ka-lí-hin\". *台字田*. 2021-10-22 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. 1 2 3 4 林俊霖 (2009). *佳里鎮的開發與社會變遷 (1623–1945)* (sek-sū thesis). 長榮大學 台灣研究所.\n3. ↑ 臺灣總督官房企畫部 (1940). *昭和十四年末 臺灣常住戶口統計*.\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n* Google (2017-01-13). \"佳里興\" (Map). *Google Maps*. Google. 2017-01-13 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Ka-lí-hin","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[527,2426,0.21723000824402308],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Ka-lí-hin
    佳里興
    —  goân tōa-jī  —
    \n\"Ka-lí-hin
    Ka-lí-hin Chìn-heng-kiong
    \n
    \n
    \"Ka-lí-hin
    \"Ka-lí-hin\"
    Ka-lí-hin
    Ka-lí-hin tī Tâi-lâm-chhī ê tāi-khài ūi-tì\n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 23°11′23″N 120°11′10″E / 23.18972°N 120.18611°E / 23.18972; 120.18611
    Koān-chhī\n Tâi-lâm-chhī\n\t
    Hiong-tìn-chhī-khu\n\t\tKa-lí-khu\n\t
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2534}} -{"text":"Thà-hn̂g iōng--ê lôe kap phòe-kiāⁿ.\n**Lôe / Lê**, **Gû-lôe / Gû-lê** sī chi̍t-chióng choh-sit iōng ê lông-kū. Tī lâng ū-teh chèng-choh, oē-hiáu chioh pō͘-hūn lio̍k-siù ê la̍t lâi tàu choè khang-khè khai-sí, eng-kai tio̍h ū chit-chióng ke-si. Chāi bô-kâng ê só͘-chāi, bô-kâng ê iōng-tô͘ oē-ū bô-kâng ê hêng-thé ê lôe: thà-hn̂g lê-chhân ēng--ê, siu-sêng choan-iōng ēng--ê.\n\nChi̍t-tiuⁿ-lôe sī ū lôe-chhia, lôe-thâu, lôe-piah, lôe-chhia-taⁿ, lôe-thok kah nn̄g-tiâu pí gû-sin-tn̂g (gû-keng -- gû āu-chē) khah-tn̂g-sió-khoá ê toā-soh, chi̍t-tiâu khan-heng soh-á lâi cho͘-sêng--ê.\n\nLôe-thâu, lôe-piah sī ēng siⁿ-á hoan-soa chù-chō ê. Lôe-thâu sī siau-mô͘-phín.\n\nChāi ēng-lôe thà-hn̂g poâⁿ-péng, lāng-sang hn̂g-thô͘ ê sî, bián-put-liáu liâm-thô͘ oē khâⁿ-tiâu-tī lôe-thâu kah lôe-piah piáu-bīn, hō͘ lôe phû-tī thô͘-bīn bô-hoat-tō͘ chhim-thà. Hit-gê sî-chūn lôe-thok tō oē hō͘-lán the̍h-lâi thuh-tiāu liâm tī lôe-thâu, lôe-piah ê thô͘. Hō͘ lôe koh oē-tàng kè-sio̍k lôe chhut beh-ti̍h ê kau, lāng-sang iâu-boē thà-oân ê hn̂g.\n\nTī ū chèng-choh ê chhân-hn̂g nn̄g-lân (nn̄g-lêng, nn̄g-choā) tiong-kan thà-hn̂g ê sî, ūi-tio̍h phiah-bián hō͘ gû oân-lō͘ tìⁿ-lôe oân-lō͘ àⁿ-lo̍h chia̍h nn̄g-pêng tióng-sêng ê lông-chok-bu̍t, gû-chhùi tio̍h-oē koà gû-chhùi-láng. Gû-chhùi-láng chá-kî sī ēng tek-bî-á lia̍h--ê. Chit-ma nái-lóng (nylon) soh-á chhin-chhái boé-oē-tio̍h, ka-kī thih-kho͘ áu-áu-ē, soh-á lia̍h-lia̍h-ē tio̍h-ū-a.\n\nChi̍t-tīn-lâng khì kàu chhân-hn̂g lóng-sī tè hoāⁿ-lôe-bé ê lâng teh-kiâⁿ. Hoāⁿ-lôe-bé ê lâng chha-put-to tio̍h-sī chit-tīn-lâng ê chhoā-thâu. Hoāⁿ-lôe-bé ê ki-su̍t sī ài ha̍k-si̍p, m̄-si chhin-chhái-lâng lóng oē-hiáu--ē.","meta":{"title":"Lôe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1637,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1866}} -{"text":"\"Word\" choán koè chia. Chhōe kî-thaⁿ ēng-hoat, khòaⁿ Word (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h).\n**Jī-sû** (eng. *word*) ia̍h **tan-gí** (ji̍t. 単語), **tan-jī**, **sû-gí**, sī giân-gí piáu-tat ì-sù he̍k-chiá sī gí-giân ūn-iōng ê chòe sió tan-goân. Pí-lūn \"Pe̍h-ōe-jī\" chit-ê 7 jī-bó ê cho͘-ha̍p tiō sī chi̍t-ê jī-sû. Sui-bóng sī ì-sù ê tan-goân, chit tōaⁿ ōe sī-m̄-sī sǹg chò \"chi̍t ê jī-sû\", tio̍h siū siá-jī hē-thóng lâi éng-hióng.\n\nJī-sû ê cho͘-sêng\n-----------------\n\nNā sī chiàu kháu-gí chhut-siaⁿ ê hong-bīn lâi kóng, jī-sû sī siaⁿ-im ê tan-goân im-sò͘ cho͘-sêng--ê; nā sī chiàu siá-jī ê hong-bīn lâi kóng, sī su-kì-sò͘ tan-goân (pí-lūn Pe̍h-ōe-jī ê kò-pia̍t jī-bó) cho͘-sêng--ê. \n\nJī-sû ê jīn-tēng hong-sek chē khoán, hâm im-ūn-lūn (*phonology*), chiàⁿ-jī-hoat, bûn-hoat, he̍k-chiá sī ì-bī-lūn téng hong-bīn thang hun-sek. Giân-gí-ha̍k kā jī-sû liáu-kái chò gí-lūi-lūn tan-goân, ia̍h sī kóng gí-lūi-sò͘ (*lexeme*), sī tô͘-ōe kap ho͘-im ê cho͘-ha̍p tī bûn-hoat lí-lō͘ tang-tiong keng-kòe ì-bī-lūn-siōng ê ì-sù seⁿ chiâⁿ ê sán-bu̍t.\n\nJī-sû ê lō͘-iōng\n----------------\n\nChē-ê jī-sû ē-tàng pai-lia̍t chhut phiàn-gí (*phrase*), bûn-chat (*clause*) kap bûn-kù (*sentence*).\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. ↑ Peter Kang (2015). *Sio̍k Hô sî-kî Ìn-nî lán-lâng-ōe ê gōa-lâi sû* (PDF). Tâi-oân Lô-má-jī Kok-chè Gián-thó-hōe.\n2. ↑ R.R.K. Hartmann; Gregory James (1998). \"word\". *Dictionary of Lexicography*. Routledge. ISBN 0-203-01768-4.\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n* \"Word Meaning\". *Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy*.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Hêng-sò͘ (morpheme), ē-sài ēng-lâi sán-seng ì-sù ê chòe sió tan-ūi, pún-sin bô it-tēng ū chi̍t-ê goân-chéng ì-sù.","meta":{"title":"Jī-sû","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[373,1518,0.24571805006587616],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1856}} -{"text":"**Jīn-sek-lūn** sī tiat-ha̍k ê 1-ê hun-ki, mā ū lâng kóng-chò **tì-sek-lūn**. Jīn-sek-lūn só· gián-kiù ê chú-tê, sī chin-lí kap tì-sek ê sèng-chit, goân-thaû hām kài-hān (lâng ē-tàng liáu-kái ê kài-hān téng-téng)\n\nTī chit-ê léng-he̍k ê thó-lūn, it-ti̍t lóng tì-sim tī leh hun-sek tì-sek ê pún-chit kap tì-sek hām chi̍t-koá sio-oá ê koan-liām (pí-lūn-kóng chin-lí, sìn-taú) tiong-kan ê koan-hē. Ū chin chē thó-lūn kap chèng-sêng (Eng-gí: *justification, theory of justification*) ū tī-tāi. Jīn-sek-lūn ha̍k-chiá ē khì hun-sek ta̍k-hāng tì-sek chú-tiuⁿ aū-piah chèng-sêng ê piau-chún, ia̍h-chiū-sī chú-tiuⁿ ê lâng i tio̍h ū sím-mi̍h kin-kì chiah ē-ēng-tit kóng i chai-iáⁿ bó·-chi̍t-hāng sū-si̍t. It-lâi-jī-khì, jīn-sek-lūn só· mn̄g--ê sī chhin-chhiūⁿ chiah-ê būn-tê: \"lí kám ū-iáⁿ chai-iáⁿ lí liōng-kóng lí chai-iáⁿ ê tāi-chì?\" kap \"lí sī án-choáⁿ chai-iáⁿ lí chai-iáⁿ ê tāi-chì--ê?\"\n\nBeh gián-kiù tì-sek ê lí-lūn, khêng-si̍t sī ū chiâⁿ chē bô-kâng ê pō·-sò·--ê, chit-chām-á ū chi̍t-koá sin ê gián-kiù í-keng kā kúi-ā sè-kí ê kū ká-tēng sak-tó, mā in-ūi án-ne, jīn-sek-lūn kah taⁿ iû-goân sī chin oa̍h-tāng ê ha̍k-kho.\n\nĒ-kha sī jīn-sek-lūn tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ chhú-lí ê būn-tê:\n\n* Lán lâng sī án-choáⁿ khak-si̍t chai-iáⁿ 1-hāng tāi-chì/mi̍h-kiāⁿ--ê?\n* Lán lâng tùi tāi-chì/mi̍h-kiāⁿ ū toh-chi̍t-koá têng-tâⁿ ê su-khó hong-sek?\n* Kám ū hit-khoán ē-tàng khak-tēng su-khó hong-sek sī tio̍h he̍k-chiá-sī m̄-tio̍h ê hong-hoat?\n* Chit sè-kan kám ū put-khó-ti ê léng-he̍k tī-leh? Nā chún ū, sī ēng siáⁿ-khoán hêng-thé chûn-chāi--ê?","meta":{"title":"Jīn-sek-lūn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[355,1555,0.2282958199356913],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1795}} -{"text":"Ka-lé-hìKa-lé-hì\n**Ka-lé-hì**, tī kó͘-chá sî-chūn, mā kiò-chòe **sù-bí-pan** (四美班), che sī in-ūi éng-kòe ê ka-lé-hì kan-ta 4-ê lâng teh piáu-ián, piáu-ián ê kak-sek hun-pia̍t sī **seng** (生), **tòaⁿ** (旦), **pak** (北), **cha̍p** (杂) 4-chióng. Chôan-chiu ê ka-lé-hì, thôan-thóng ê kio̍k-ba̍k ū 700-gōa thò, chha-put-to lóng-chóng sī iōng chhiu-siá ê phō·-á 1-tāi thôan 1-tāi liû-thôan kàu-taⁿ. Ū-ê hì-bûn tī Tiong-kok kî-thaⁿ ê hì-kio̍k tang-tiong lóng m̄-bat khòaⁿ--tio̍h, pí-lūn kóng *tò·-tho* (窦滔). \n\nTī Tiong-kok kok-chióng phái-pia̍t ê ka-lé-hì tang-tiong, Chôan-chiu è ka-lé sī ûi-it ū im-ga̍k phòe-ha̍p ián-chhut ê ka-lé hì-kio̍k. Chôan-chiu ka-lé-hì ê khiok-ga̍k hō-chòe **ka-lé-tiāu**, i ê chhiùⁿ-khiuⁿ siaⁿ-tiāu kôan, âu-im pá-chiok, chhiong-bóan hiong-thó· bī. Ka-lé-tiāu kàu-taⁿ iu-gôan pó-liû tio̍h 300-gōa-ê kio̍k-bo̍k ê sôan-lu̍t khiok-tiāu. \n\nChôan-chiu ê ka-lé-ang-á gōa-hêng chê-cháⁿ, chè-chok iu-bí, iu-kî sī ang-á-thâu ê tiau-khek kah chia̍h-chhat ōe-ang-á ê chhiú-gē, ē-sái kóng sī sè-kài chhōe bô tē-jī ê, chò kah **khiā-chin khiā-hiān**, sit-chāi sī **tiám teng-á-hóe bô-tè-chhōe**. Chôan-chiu **lāng ka-lé** ê lân-tō· chin-kôan, múi-1-sian ka-lé lóng-ài pa̍k 16-tiâu, sīm-chì 30-tiâu ê iù-sòaⁿ. Le̍k-tāi ê gē-jîn iōng chin-chiàⁿ sin-kî kah khá-biāu e piáu-ián ki-su̍t, sok-chō chin chōe o̍ah-lèng-lèng ê kak-sek, mā thé-hiān chhut Chôan-chiu ka-lé-hì ê iù-siù, pek-chin kah khá-biāu. \n\nChòe-kīn chit kúi nî lâi, Chôan-chiu ê ka-lé-hì iū-koh ū sin ê hoat-tián, koan-chiòng tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ē-tàng tī hì-pêⁿ-kha khòaⁿ-tio̍h pêⁿ-téng **lāng sòaⁿ ka-lé** hām **chiáng-tiong ka-lé** ( pò·-tē-hì ) kāng pêⁿ ián-chhut ê chêng-hêng.","meta":{"title":"Ka-lé-hì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1614,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1904}} -{"text":"**Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ ê gí-giân, gí-hoat, sû-lūi, pheng-im iah-sī bûn-jī hêng-sek khó-lêng ū su-iàu lán poah-kang tōa siu-kái.** \nChhiáⁿ chiam-tùi chit ê būn-tê thiam-tī thó-lūn-ia̍h kì gī-lūn. To-siā. \n\nLo̍k-nâ Tn̂g-bóe-chheⁿ\n**Lo̍k-nâ Tn̂g-bóe-chheⁿ** (Hàn-jī: 鹿林長尾星) sī thâu chi̍t-lia̍p iû Tâi-oân hoat-hiān kah hō-miâ ê tn̂g-boé-chheⁿ. Iû Kok-chè Thian-bûn Liân-ha̍p-hoē（ＩＡＵ）chèng-sit pian-hō Ｃ/2007 N3. Eng-gí miâ kiàu Comet Lulin. Tī 2009-nî 2 gue̍h 24 ji̍t siong oá tē-kiû, tāi-iok lat chhian-bān kong-lí.\n\nHoat-kiàn ê kòe-thêng\n---------------------\n\n2007-nî 7goe̍h 11 ji̍t e-tsái-á，Kńg-chiu ê Ia̍p Choân-chi(葉泉志) thàu-koè bāng-lō͘ hā-chāi iû Lo̍k-nâ Thian-bûn-tâi koan-chhek-goân Lîm Khé-seng(林啟生) so͘ hip ê iáⁿ-siōng tong-àn. keng-koè hun-sek kap pí-pheng liáu-āu, hoat-hiàn tī Bo̍k-chheⁿ kap Thó͘-chheⁿ chi kan ū chi̍t-lia̍p khó-lêng sī sin ê tn̂g-boé-chheⁿ. keng-koè Kok-chè Thian-bûn Liân-ha̍p-hoē khak-jīn liáu chèng-sek hō-miâ. Chit pái ê hoat-hiān sī Lo̍k-nâ Thian-bûn-tâi sûn-thiⁿ kè-oē ê sêng-kó chi it. Kè-oē sī iû Kńg-chiu-chhī Tiong-chèng Tāi-ha̍k kap Thô-hn̂g-koān Tiong-iong Tāi-ha̍k kiong-tông ha̍p-chok.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ 李宗祐，命名「鹿林彗星」 彗星、小行星齊現 台灣雙星報喜，中國時報，2007年07月28日","meta":{"title":"Lo̍k-nâ Tn̂g-bóe-chheⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[80,1208,0.06622516556291391],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1420}} -{"text":"**Li̍p-hoat** sī chè-tēng hoat-lu̍t ê ì-sù, chit-ê sû sī 1 ê Hàn-jī-sû, sû-goân kap Ji̍t-gí, Hoâ-gí sio-siâng. Li̍p-hoat-koân ē tī chèng-hú--ni̍h to̍k-li̍p chò 1 ê pō͘-mn̂g, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī hun-koân chè-tō͘ siat-kè ê kiat-kó.\n\nIt-poaⁿ kóng kok-ka ê li̍p-hoat pō͘-mn̂g, sī chí 1 tīn ū chè-tēng hoat-lu̍t koân-le̍k ê lâng só͘ cho͘-sêng ê ki-kò͘, in thàu-koè soán-kí iah sī chiap-siū phah-phài lâi tam-jīm chit-ê khang-khoè. Li̍p-hoat ê thêng-sū sù-siông sī chiah-ê lâng ēng thó-lūn kap tâu-phiò lâi koat-tēng beh thong-koè siáⁿ-mih-khoán ê hoat-lu̍t. Li̍p-hoat ki-koan án-choáⁿ kiâⁿ in ê koân, khah chia̍p sī tī in kok ê hiàn-hoat lāi-té ū kui-tēng.\n\nNā tī tē-hng ê hêng-chèng khu-he̍k lâi kóng (pí-lūn koān, chhī, tìn, khu t.t.), mā tiāⁿ ū siat gī-hoē he̍k-chiá sī tāi-piáu-hoē, in ê goân-lí kap téng-koân kóng ê sio-oá, cheng-chha tī tē-hng ê gī-hoē só͘ chè-tēng--ê, sī sio̍k-tī tē-hng chèng-hú ê hoat-kui.\n\nLi̍p-hoat pō͘-mn̂g iā tō sī phó͘-thong só͘ kóng ê **kok-hoē**, ū ê kok-ka ê li̍p-hoat ki-koan ū hun-chò téng-ē 2 ê kok-hoē, che kiò-chò nn̄g-īⁿ-chè.\n\nLi̍p-hoat ki-koan ê miâ-thâu\n----------------------------\n\n* Kok-hoē\n* Parliament — Eng-kok ê li̍p-hoat ki-koan, mā sī Eng-gí chí kok-hoē chin chia̍p sú-iōng ê sû.\n* Congress — Bí-kok ê kok-hoē.\n* Diet — Tiāⁿ ēng lâi chí Ji̍t-pún, Dan-kok, Sūi-tián ê kok-hoē.\n* Kok-bîn Tāi-hoē — Tiong-hoa Bîn-kok\n* Althing — Peng-tē\n* Assembleia da República — Phû-tô-gâ\n* Bundestag — Tek-kok\n* Riksdag — Sūi-tián\n* Cortes Generales — Se-pan-gâ\n* Eduskunta — Suomi\n* Liân-pang Gî-hoē — Lō͘-se-a, Sūi-se\n* Folketing — Dan-kok\n* Stortinget — Norge\n* Knesset — Í-sek-lia̍t\n* Li̍p-hoat-īⁿ — Tiong-hoa Bîn-kok / Tâi-oân","meta":{"title":"Li̍p-hoat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[484,1570,0.30828025477707005],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1894}} -{"text":"Uttar Pradesh ê ūi-tì.\n**Uttar Pradesh** (Hindi-gí: उत्तर प्रदेश, Urdu-gí: اتر پردیش) sī Ìn-tō͘ ê chi̍t-ê pang, siú-hú sī Lucknow, biān-chek 243,286 km²; tāi-iok ū 1.9 ek ê jîn-kháu, sī Ìn-tō͘ jîn-kháu siāng chē ê pang.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Tē-miâ kap hoān-ûi ê ián-piàn\n\nChi̍t-ê só͘-chāi tī 1833 nî í-chêng sī Bengal Koán-khu (*Bengal Presidency*) ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, siù Britain Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si ê koán-lí. 1833 nî āu, Bengal Koán-khu hōng hun chò nn̄g-ê pō͘-hūn, kî-tiong chi̍t hūn sì Agra Koán-khu (Presidency of Agra). 1836 nî, Agra Koán-khu kài miâ Sai-pak Séng-hūn (*North-Western Provinces*). \n\nKàu 1877 nî, Agra kap Oudh ê nn̄g-ê séng soá hō͘ Britain ê si̍t-bîn chèng-hú koán-lí. 1902 nî ê sî-chūn, chi̍t-ê tē-khu koh kái chò Agra kap Oudh Liân-ha̍p Séng-hūn (*United Provinces of Agra and Oudh*). 1921 nî, kài Britain Ìn-tō͘ Liân-ha̍p Séng-hūn (*United Provinces of British India*). Kàu 1935 nî lio̍k chò Liân-ha̍p Séng-hūn (*United Provinces*). \n\n1947 nî Ìn-tō͘ to̍k-li̍p ê sî-chūn, lēng-goā ê Rampur, Banares kap Tehri-Garwal che kúi-ê phoan-ông kok (*princely state*) lóng ha̍p-ji̍p Liân-ha̍p Séng-hūn. 1950 nî kài chò hiān-sî ê miâ Uttar Pradesh. 1999 nî, Himalayan kap Uttaranchal soá-chhut Uttar Pradesh.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nUttar Pradesh kap pún kok ê Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand koh ū Bihar sio-chiap; i-ê pak bīn mā goá lēng-goā ê kok-ka Nepal. \n\nÀn-chiàu tē-hêng, Uttar Pradesh hun nn̄g toā tē-lí-khu, kha toā ê chi̍t pêng sī Hêng-hô Pêng-goân; lēng-goā chi̍t pêng sī Vindhya Soaⁿ-lêng tē-khu.\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\n| Jîn-kháu piàn-hoà |\n| --- |\n| 1951 nî | 60,274,000 |\n| 1961 nî | 70,144,000 |\n| 1971 nî | 83,849,000 |\n| 1981 nî | 105,137,000 |\n| 1991 nî | 132,062,000 |\n| 2001 nî | 166,198,000 |\n\nUttar Pradesh ê jîn-kháu tùi 2008 nî 7 goe̍h 1 ji̍t chhiau-koè 1 ek 9000 bān, nā kā chit-ê pang sǹg chò chi̍t-ê kok-ka, i-ê jîn-kháu tī sè-kài koh kok pâi tē-15 miâ. Kun-kù 2001 nî ê tiāu-cha, 80% ê Uttar Pradesh ki-bîn sī Ìn-tō͘-kàu-tô͘, 18% sī I-su-lân-kàu-tô͘; kî-tha sī Sikkh-kàu, Hu̍t-kàu, Ki-tok-kàu kap Jaina-kàu.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ \"Census Population\" (PDF). *Census of India*. Ministry of Finance India. 2008-12-18 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ \"Census Reference Tables, C-Series Population by religious communities\". *Census of India*. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 2001. 2008-07-12 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\n| | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Ìn-tō͘ ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Pang | Andhra Pradesh | Arunachal Pradesh | Assam | Bihar | Chhattisgarh | Goa | Gujarat | Haryana | Himachal Pradesh | Jammu kap Kashmir | Jharkhand | Karnataka | Kerala | Madhya Pradesh | Maharashtra | Manipur | Meghalaya | Mizoram | Nagaland | Orissa | Punjab | Rajasthan | Sikkim | Tamil Nadu | Telangana | Tripura | Uttar Pradesh | Uttarakhand | West Bengal |\n| |\n| Liân-pangTi̍t-hat-khu | Andaman kap Nicobar Kûn-tó | Chandigarh | Dadra kap Nagar Haveli | Delhi | Daman kap Diu | Lakshadweep | Puducherry |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Uttar Pradesh","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[817,2605,0.31362763915547026],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3317}} -{"text":"**Klein–Gordon hong-têng-sek** (Klein-Gordon equation) sī siong-tùi-lūn liōng-chú le̍k-ha̍k kap liōng-chú tiûⁿ-lūn tiong siōng ki-pún ê hong-têng-sek, i sī Schrödinger hong-têng-sek ê te̍k-sû siong-tùi-lūn hêng-sek, iōng-lâi biâu-su̍t spin 0 lia̍p-chú. Klein–Gordon hong-têng-sek sī Sūi-tián lí-lūn bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka Oskar Klein kap Tek-kok ê Walter Gordon tī 1920 nî-tāi kàu 1930 nî-tāi hun-pia̍t to̍k-li̍p thui-tō ·chhut-lâi ·ê.\n\nBiâu-su̍t\n---------\n\nKlein–Gordon hong-têng-sek sī án-ne:\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{c^{2}}}{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}}{\\partial t^{2}}}\\psi -\\nabla ^{2}\\psi +{\\frac {m^{2}c^{2}}{\\hbar ^{2}}}\\psi =0}.\nlán tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ē ēng chū-jiân tan-ūi chè (*c* = ħ = 1) kā siá-chò\n\n{\\displaystyle -\\partial \\_{t}^{2}\\psi +\\nabla ^{2}\\psi =m^{2}\\psi }\n\nKiōng-piàn hêng-sek\n-------------------\n\nChū-iû lia̍p-chú ê Schrödinger hong-têng-sek sī hui-siong-tùi-lūn liōng-chú le̍k-ha̍k siōng ki-pún ê hong-têng-sek:\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\mathbf {p} ^{2}}{2m}}\\psi =i\\hbar {\\frac {\\partial }{\\partial t}}\\psi }\nkî-tiong {\\displaystyle \\mathbf {p} =-i\\hbar \\mathbf {\\nabla } } sī ūn-tōng-liōng soàn-hû.\n\nSchrödinger hong-têng-sek tùi siong-tùi-lūn chi-hā m̄-sī kiōng-piàn, ì-sù tiō sī kóng i bōe boán-chiok Einstein ê te̍k-sû siong-tùi-lūn.\n\nLī-iōng te̍k-sû siong-tùi-lūn tiong sì-ūn-tōng-liōng ê put-piàn-sèng thui-tō ·chhut-lâi ê siong-tùi-lūn-sèng lêng-liōng ūn-tōng-liōng koan-hē\n\n{\\displaystyle E={\\sqrt {\\mathbf {p} ^{2}c^{2}+m^{2}c^{4}}}}\nkā Schrödinger hong-têng-sek tò-chhiú-pêng chū-iû lia̍p chú ê tóng-lêng {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\mathbf {p} ^{2}}{2m}}} ōaⁿ-tiāu, \n\nchiong-kî-bóe tō ē tit-tio̍h i ê kiōng-piàn hêng-sek\n\n{\\displaystyle (\\Box ^{2}+\\mu ^{2})\\psi =0,}\nkî-tiong {\\displaystyle \\mu ={\\frac {mc}{\\hbar }}\\,}\n\nD'Alembertian sī {\\displaystyle \\Box ^{2}={\\frac {1}{c^{2}}}{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}}{\\partial t^{2}}}-\\nabla ^{2}\\,}\n\nKoh khòaⁿ\n---------\n\n* Dirac hong-têng-sek\n* Liōng-chú tiûⁿ-lūn\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------","meta":{"title":"Klein–Gordon hong-têng-sek","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[40,1955,0.020460358056265986],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2138}} -{"text":"**Chèng-gī** sī lâng, hām khan-sia̍p ê tāi-chì kap mi̍h-kiāⁿ lóng tī 1-chióng lí-sióng, koh tō-tek-siōng chèng-khak ê chōng-thài. Chit-ê lí-sióng chū-lâi m̄-bat si̍t-hiān--koè, chit-sè-kan, sì-koè chiâu sī bô pêⁿ-chiàⁿ ê tāi-chì. Sui-bóng án-ne, toā-pō·-hūn ê lâng lóng jīn-ûi lán tio̍h kap bô-chèng-gī tùi-te̍k koh táⁿ-chéng--i, sè-kài-siōng chē-chē siā-hoē hām chèng-tī ūn-tōng oan-nā kap cheng-kaù chèng-gī ū tī-tāi.\n\nM̄-koh, tàu-té chèng-gī kap bô-chèng-gī ê hiān-si̍t, tùi lán ū siáⁿ-mi̍h iau-kiû, lán tio̍h chò síaⁿ-mi̍h chiah tio̍h--leh, chit-hāng tāi-chì, lán lâng iáu bô kài chheng-chhó, hiān-chhú-sî jîn-lūi soah tiàm tī 1-khoán gāi-gio̍h ê tē-ūi, chha-put-to lâng lóng lia̍h chèng-gī put-chí-á tiōng-iàu, chóng--sī bô-khak-tēng tī lán pún-sin ê kak-sek, ki-kò͘, kiâⁿ-pàng ia̍h chéng-kô sè-kài lâi kóng, beh án-choáⁿ phoàⁿ-toàn siáⁿ-mi̍h sī chèng-gī, siáⁿ-mi̍h koh bô-chèng-gī.\n\nChit-ê būn-tê kú-tn̂g í-lâi tō-sī tiat-ha̍k thó-lūn ê loē-iông, chhin-chhiūⁿ-kóng, chèng-gī kiù-chin sī siáⁿ-mi̍h, koh iau-kiû lán tio̍h án-choáⁿ chò? Chit-2-ê būn-tê thang kóng sī chêng kó·-chá kah taⁿ tō siōng chia̍p hông thó-lūn--ê. Pí-lūn-kóng, tī 1-ê siā-hoē lāi-té, tio̍h án-choáⁿ kā châi-lī chò pun-pheⁿ? Sī hō· sûi-lâng lóng pêⁿ chē? Ia̍h-sī hō· gâu-lâng lâi koat-tēng? He̍k-chiá-sī chiàu sûi-lâng ê tē-ūi lâi pun? Chit-ê būn-tê tī koè-khì 2,500-nî ti̍t-ti̍t thó-lūn kah chiâⁿ kek-ka. Tiat-ha̍k-ka, chèng-tī-ha̍k-chiá, sîn-ha̍k-ka, hoat-lu̍t-ha̍k-chiá hām chē-chē lâng lóng siūⁿ-beh kā chèng-gī ê goân-thâu, pún-chit kap iau-kiû téng-téng thiah-bêng.\n\nLán ē-tàng kā chèng-gī khoàⁿ-chò 1-chióng tek-hēng, nā kā tòng-chò lâng ê sèng-chit lâi kóng, chèng-gī kan-taⁿ thang tī in ê kiâⁿ-pàng kap in chò-chiâⁿ ê koàn-si̍p lâi piáu-hiān; lán mā ē-ēng-tit kā chèng-gī khoàⁿ-chò kiâⁿ-pàng ia̍h koàn-si̍p ê sèng-chit, nā án-ne, tō kan-taⁿ tī lâng ū chit-hō kiâⁿ-pàng he̍k-sī kiâⁿ hit-hō koàn-si̍p ê sî chiah ē-tàng piáu-hiān. Chèng-gī ê goân-thâu sûi-lâng siūⁿ--ê lóng koh-iūⁿ, kiám-chhái sī hô-hâi, sîn ê bēng-lēng, chū-jiân ê kui-chek, ia̍h-sī lâng só· chhòng-chō--ê, koh mā ū-khó-lêng sī pa̍t-hāng ke chin ki-pún, m̄-koh sò·-siông lâng kám-kak bô hiah tiōng-iàu ê lûn-lí piau-chún.\n\nChèng-gī ê iau-kiû chú-iàu ū 2-hong-bīn: pun-pheⁿ kap táⁿ-chéng. Pun-pheⁿ ê chèng-gī kiám-chhái sī iau-kiû pêng-téng, hō· lâng in èng-kai tit--tio̍h-ê, hō· siōng-kài sòng-hiong--ê tit-tio̍h siōng-toā ê lī-ek, pó-hō· thàu-koè ta̍k-hāng tio̍h ê chhiú-lō· the̍h-tio̍h ê châi-lī, he̍k-chiá-sī kā kui-ê lī-ek choè-tāi-hoà. Táⁿ-chéng ê chèng-gī pau-koat iau-kiû tùi éng-koè ê kiâⁿ-pàng pò-ho̍k, ia̍h sī in-ūi bī-lâi ê hiō-kó lâi hoa̍t-choē.\n\nChèng-gī ê lí-sióng tio̍h thàu-koè ki-kò͘ chiah ē-tàng si̍t-hiān, chiah-ê ki-kò͘ tio̍h chhú-lí chèng-tong-sèng, thêng-sū, hoat-lu̍t ê chè-tēng kap kái-soeh ê khang-khoè.","meta":{"title":"Chèng-gī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2879,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3278}} -{"text":"The New York Stock Exchange in Lower Manhattan is the world's largest stock exchange per total market capitalization of its listed companies.\n\n| Financial market |\n| --- |\n| Looking up at a computerized stocks-value board at the Philippine Stock Exchange |\n| * Kong-khai tshī-tiûnn\n* Exchange ·Securities\n |\n| Bond market |\n| * Bond valuation\n* Corporate bond\n* Fixed income\n* Government bond\n* High-yield debt\n* Municipal bond\n* Securitization\n |\n| Stock market |\n| * Common stock\n* Preferred stock\n* Registered share\n* Stock\n* Stock certificate\n* Tsìng-kuàn kau-i̍k-sóo (ETF...)\n |\n| \nOther markets |\n| Derivatives * (Credit derivative\n* Futures exchange\n* Hybrid security)\n \nForeign exchange * (Currency\n* Hoē-lu̍t)\n * Commodity\n* Money\n* Real estate\n* Reinsurance\n |\n| Over-the-counter (off-exchange) |\n| * Forwards\n* Options\n\n* Spot market\n* Swaps\n |\n| Trading |\n| * Participants\n* Regulation\n* Clearing\n |\n| \nRelated areas |\n| * Banks and banking\n* Finance\n\t+ corporate\n\t+ personal\n\t+ public\n |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n**Chèng-kǹg kau-e̍k-só͘** (證券交易所), ia̍h sī hō choè **Chèng-kǹg Chhú-ín-só͘** (證券取引所), sī iōng-lâi kau-e̍k kó͘-phiò, chè-kǹg téng-téng ū-kè chèng-kǹg ê chhī-tiûⁿ.\n\nChoè chá ê chèng-kǹg kau-e̍k-só͘ sī 1602 nî tī Hô-lân sêng-li̍p ê Amsterdam Chèng-kǹg Kau-e̍k-só͘. Kin-á-ji̍t Bí-kok ê chèng-kǹg kau-e̍k-só͘ ū New York Chèng-kǹg Kau-e̍k-só͘ kap NASDAQ; Tâi-oân ê chèng-kǹg kau-e̍k-só͘ ū Tâi-oân Chèng-kǹg Kau-e̍k-só͘; Hiong-káng ê chèng-kǹg kau-e̍k-só͘ ū Hiong-káng Kau-e̍k-só͘; Tiong-kok ê chèng-kǹg kau-e̍k-só͘ ū Siōng-hái Chèng-kǹg Kau-e̍k-só͘ kap Chhim-chùn Chèng-kǹg Kau-e̍k-só͘.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Kat Tretina and Benjamin Curry (April 9, 2021). \"NYSE: What Is The New York Stock Exchange\". *Forbes*. July 25, 2022 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\nKhì Wiktionary chhâ \n***stock exchange*** chit ê sû.\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Stock exchanges*** |\n\n* Chèng-kǹg kau-e̍k-só͘ teh DMOZ","meta":{"title":"Chèng-kǹg kau-e̍k-só͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[771,1561,0.49391415759128765],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2118}} -{"text":"**Si--sī Si̍t-su Sú** (施氏食獅史) sī gí-giân-ha̍k-ka Tiō Goân-jīm (趙元任) só· siá ê \"siat-hān bûn-chiuⁿ\" (設限文章), choân-bûn 92 ê hàn-jī, ta̍k jī ê Hôa-gí hoat-im to-sī *shi*, cheng-chha siaⁿ-tiāu bô siâng. Tiō--sian siūⁿ-beh iōng che lâi chèng-bêng \"Tiong-bûn\" Latin-hòa sī kiâⁿ bē-thong--ê, La-teng-hòa liáu-āu, ē ke chin oh khu-pia̍t kāng-im ê oē-kù.\n\nChóng--sī, nā iōng Bân-lâm-gí lâi tha̍k, chia ê hàn-jī ê Bân-lâm-gí tha̍k-im tō pí Hôa-gí khah to-goân-hòa, pau-koat ū *se*, *si*, *su*, *sek*, *sip*, *sit* 6-chióng im. Put-jî-kò, chit khoán to-goân-hòa tùi liáu-kài bûn-chiuⁿ ê ì-gī ū pang-chān a̍h bô, sī 1 ê koan-kiàn.\n\nBûn-chiong\n----------\n\n### Goân-bûn\n\n《施氏食獅史》 \n\n石室詩士施氏，嗜獅，誓食十獅。 \n\n氏時時適市視獅。 \n\n十時，適十獅適市。 \n\n是時，適施氏適市。 \n\n氏視是十獅，恃矢勢，使是十獅逝世。 \n\n氏拾是十獅屍，適石室。 \n\n石室濕，氏使侍拭石室。 \n\n石室拭，氏始試食是十獅。 \n\n食時，始識是十獅屍，實十石獅屍。 \n\n試釋是事。 \n\n### Bûn-tho̍k\n\n#### Phó͘-thong-oē-pán\n\n*Shī Shì shí shī shǐ* \n\nShí shì shī shì Shī Shì, shì shī, shì shí shí sh. \n\nShì shí shí shì shì shì shī. \n\nShí shí, shì shí shī shì shì. \n\nShì shí, shì Shī Shì shì shì. \n\nShì shì shì shí shī, shì shǐ shì, shǐ shì shí shī shì shì. \n\nShì shí shì shí shī shī, shì shí shì. \n\nShí shì shī, Shì shǐ shì shì shí shì. \n\nShí shì shì, Shì shǐ shì shí shì shí shī. \n\nShí shí, shǐ shí shì shí shī shī, shí shí shí shī shī. \n\nShì shì shì shì. \n\n#### Bân-lâm-gú-pán\n\n*Si--sī Si̍t Su Sú* \n\nSe̍k sek si sū Si--sī, sī su, sè si̍t si̍p su. \n\nSī sî-sî sek chhī sī su. \n\nSi̍p sî, sek si̍p su sek chhī. \n\nSī-sî, sek Si--sī sek chhī. \n\nSī sī sī si̍p su, sī sí-sè, sú sī si̍p su sē-sè. \n\nSī si̍p sī si̍p su si, sek se̍k-sek. \n\nSe̍k-sek sip, sī sú sū sek se̍k-sek. \n\nSe̍k-sek sek, sī sú sì si̍t sī si̍p su. \n\nSi̍t sî, sú se̍k sī si̍p su si, si̍t si̍p se̍k su si. \n\nSì sek sī sū.","meta":{"title":"Si--sī Si̍t-su Sú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1660,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2108}} -{"text":"Tiong-kǹg Tōa-lâu\n**Tiong-kǹg Chi̍p-thoân Chóng-pō͘ Tōa-lâu** (中鋼集團總部大樓) sī chi̍t tòng tī Tâi-oân Ko-hiông-chhī Chiân-tìn-khu Sêng-kong-jī-lō͘ kap Ho̍k-heng-sam-lō͘ lō͘-kháu ê chi̍p-ha̍p-sek pān-kong tōa-lâu, kīn-óa Ko-hiông-káng, sī Tiong-kǹg Chi̍p-thoân ê chóng-pō͘ só͘-chāi-tē. Tē-siōng lâu koân 29 chân, tē-hā 4 chân ê Tiong-kǹg Chóng-pō͘ Tōa-lâu ēng kǹg-kò͘ kò͘-chō, gōa-khak sī po-lê ûi-bō͘ siat-kè. Tōa-lâu iû Tâi-oân pún-thó͘ ū-miâ ê kiàn-tio̍k-su Iâu Jîn-hí kap i-ê Tāi-goân Liân-ha̍p Kiàn-tio̍k-su Sū-bū-só͘ siat-kè, iû Éng-chùn Kiat-kò͘ Kang-têng Kò͘-būn hū-chek kiat-kò͘ kui-ōe.\n\nTû-liáu chò-ûi Tiong-kǹg Chi̍p-thoân lāi kok siong-koan tan-ūi ê pān-kong iōng-tô͘ í-gōa, Tiong-kǹg Chóng-pō͘ Tōa-lâu ê pō͘-hūn lâu-chân mā tùi-gōa chhut-cho͘ hō͘ kî-thaⁿ ê khì-gia̍p, tī tōa-lâu khé-iōng chho͘-kî ê ū-miâ cho͘-iōng-hō͘ pau-hâm Tiāu-hong Gîn-hâng, Khîn-gia̍p Chiòng-sìn Liân-ha̍p Hōe-kè Sū-bū-só͘, Ji̍t-siong Sam-lêng Ji̍t-liân Gîn-hâng kap Bí-kok chāi Tâi Hia̍p-hōe Ko-hiông Hun-chhù.\n\nTiong-kǹg Chóng-pō͘ Tōa-lâu pēng m̄-sī chi̍t ê to̍k-li̍p ê khai-hoat-àn, chá tī hit tòng tōa-lâu heng-kiàn chìn-chêng, Tiong-kǹg tiō í-keng lī-iōng chiu-ûi ê iōng-tē heng-kiàn tōa-hêng ê siong-gia̍p kiàn-tio̍k hō͘ Ka-lo̍k-hok kap Gî-ke Ka-kū téng chhiúⁿ-siong sêng-cho͘ sú-iōng, ah tī chiu-ûi hêng-sêng chi̍t ê sin-heng ê siong-gia̍p kò͘-bu̍t-khu, sī Ko-hiông-chhī Chèng-hú só͘ chhui-tōng thàu-kòe káng-khu to͘-chhī keng-sin ê Ko-hiông To-kong-lêng Keng-bō͘ Hn̂g-khu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn.","meta":{"title":"Tiong-kǹg Chi̍p-thoân Chóng-pō͘ Tōa-lâu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1517,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1712}} -{"text":"**Sé-saⁿ** sī sé saⁿ-á-khò͘ kiam kî-tha pháng-chit-phín téng mi̍h ê kang-hu kap khang-khòe. Tùi it-poaⁿ chhù-lāi ji̍t-siông lâi kóng, tû-liáu sé chheng-khì í-gōa, iáu ū tiàu-saⁿ, phi-saⁿ ê khang-khòe.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTùi khó-kó͘-ha̍k gián-kiù thang chai-iáⁿ, tī Chêng 2800 nî ê Pa-pí-lûn bûn-bêng chiō ū sap-bûn ê chè-chok; lēng-gōa tī Chêng 2000 nî ê Ai-ki̍p ū sé-saⁿ ê chèng-kù. Ùi Kó͘ Tiong-kok ê Hàn-tiâu (Chêng 206 nî kàu Āu 220 nî), kap kâng sî-kî ê Hui-chiu chi̍t kóa só͘-chāi, ū sú-iōng thian-jiân sap-bûn ê kì-lio̍k, khó-lêng sī ēng n̂g-ba̍k-chí chò--ê. Ùi Au-chiu, sap-bûn ê seng-sán tī 7 sè-kí chó-iū í-keng sī chi̍t hāng kang-gē.\n\n### Ki-hâi sé-saⁿ\n\n1906 nî ê sî, thâu chi̍t khoán sé-saⁿ-ki hông kài-siāu chhut--lâi. Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn liáu-āu, Bí-kok ê Procter & Gamble khai-sí kóng-kò in-ê sap-bûn kap chheng-kiat-che. Chha-put-to kâng chi̍t-ê sî-chūn, tī 1947 nî ê sî, General Electric hoat-piáu liáu in ê choân chū-tōng ka-iōng sé-saⁿ-ki.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n1. 1 2 Lorraine Gamman & Sean O’Mara (2004). \"Laundry\". Chū Valerie Steele. *Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion*. Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 0-684-31394-4.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Ta-sé","meta":{"title":"Sé-saⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[144,1090,0.13211009174311927],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1316}} -{"text":"\"Seng-bu̍t\" choán koè chia. Chhōe kî-thaⁿ ēng-hoat, khòaⁿ Seng-bu̍t (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h).\n**Sèⁿ-miā-thé** (性命體; Eng-gí: *organism*; Tek-gí: *Lebewesen*) ia̍h ū **seng-bu̍t** (生物), **oa̍h-mi̍h** (活物), **seng-bu̍t-thé** (生物體) téng kóng-hoat, sī ū sèⁿ-miā ê kò-thé. Tī-leh seng-bu̍t-ha̍k kap seng-thài-ha̍k tang-tiong, sèⁿ-miā-thé sī hō͘-siāng éng-hióng ê sêng-hūn kò͘-sêng ê 1 chióng siong-tùi ún-tēng ê hē-thóng, ē piáu-hiān te̍k-sû ê kong-lêng kap sèⁿ-miā te̍k-sek ê 1 ê chéng-thé. Sèⁿ-miā-thé siōng tiōng-iàu ê te̍k-sek tō sī sin-tîn-tāi-siā, thang hun ha̍p-sêng tāi-siā kap hun-kái tāi-siā. \n\nSèⁿ-miā ê khí-gôan kap seng-bu̍t hun-lūi it-ti̍t ū cheng-gī. It-poaⁿ-te̍k, seng-bu̍t hun-chò 2 tōa lūi: gôan-he̍k-seng-bu̍t kap chin-he̍k-seng-bu̍t. Gôan-he̍k-seng-bu̍t koh hun-chò 2 ê: sè-khún-he̍k (Domain Bacteria) kap kó͘-sè-khún-he̍k (Domain Archaea), chit 2 chióng tiong-kan chha chin chē, chìn-hòa-sú ê gián-kiù kaù taⁿ iáu boē chhoē tio̍h in tiong-kan ê liân-hê. Chin-he̍k-seng-bu̍t ê 2 ê sè-pau-khì: ia̍p-le̍k-thé kap soàⁿ-lia̍p-thé, hoān-sè sī ùi lōe-seng-sè-khún (endosymbiotic bacteria) ián-hòa lâi ê.\n\nSè-pau chhiau-koè 1 ê ê seng-bu̍t kiò chò to-sè-pau seng-bu̍t.\n\nKong-ke ê te̍k-sek\n------------------\n\nToā-pō͘-hūn ê seng-bu̍t kong-ke ê te̍k-sek ū:\n\n* ē tín-tāng\n* ē chia̍h-si̍t\n* ē chhoán-khùi\n* ē toā-hàn\n* ē seⁿ-thoàⁿ\n* tùi chhì-khek ū hoán-èng\n\nChiah-ê te̍k-sek m̄-sī choân-pō͘ ê seng-bu̍t lóng ū, chhiūⁿ-kóng kúi-nā chióng seng-bu̍t ka-tī bē tín-tāng (sui-bóng si̍t-bu̍t ê seng-tióng ē-sái khòaⁿ chò 1 chióng tín-tāng), iah sī bē ti̍t-chiap tùi khoân-kéng ê piàn-hoà sán-seng hoán-èng. Bî-seng-bu̍t, pí-lūn-kóng sè-khún, tō bē chhoán-khùi. Lēng-gōa, ū chin chē chióng seng-bu̍t ê kò-thé bē seⁿ-thoàⁿ, m̄-koh in hit ê bu̍t-chéng ē-tàng.\n\nPēⁿ-to̍k\n--------\n\nPēⁿ-to̍k ka-tī bē-tàng seⁿ-thoàⁿ kap sin-tîn-tāi-siā; lán thong-siông bô kā tòng-chò seng-bu̍t. Put-jī-kò, chiàu Bí-kok Hoat-tián (United States Code) ê seng-bu̍t bú-khì siong-koan loē-iông, pēⁿ-to̍k mā sǹg-chò bî-seng-bu̍t. Kúi-nā chióng kià-seng-tōng-bu̍t kap lōe-kiōng-seng-thé (endosymbionts) ka-tī mā bô châi-tiāu seng-chûn. Pēⁿ-to̍k kám beh sǹg chò seng-bu̍t iáu ū chin toā ê cheng-gī. Pēⁿ-to̍k sui-bóng ū kàⁿ-sò͘ kap kî-thaⁿ seng-bu̍t te̍k-iú ê hun-chú, m̄-koh nā bô tī kià-chú-sè-pau lāi-té in tō bô hoat-tō͘ oa̍h lo̍h-khì. Pēⁿ-to̍k sin-tîn-tāi-siā ê kòe-têng mā su-iàu khò kià-chú ê ûi-thôan ki-chè. Chit lō kià-seng hiān-siōng ê khí-gôan iáu bô chheng-chhó, hoān-sè kap kià-chú ū koan-hē.\n\nHoè-siū\n-------\n\nHoè-siū sī seng-bu̍t ê ki-pún chham-sò͘. Ū-ê seng-bu̍t kan-taⁿ ē-tàng oa̍h 1 kang, ū-ê seng-bu̍t, chhiūⁿ-kóng si̍t-bu̍t, tō ē-tàng oa̍h kúi-nā chheng nî. Sè-pau lāu-siam (senescence) leh koat-tēng seng-bu̍t-thé, sè-khún, pēⁿ-to̍k, sīm-chì sī prion ê hoè-siū ê sî chin tiōng-iàu.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nSeng-bu̍t-ha̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê hun-chi | \n* Bî-seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Bián-e̍k-ha̍k\n* Chin-khún-ha̍k\n* Chìn-hòa seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Cho͘-chit-ha̍k\n* Êng-ióng-ha̍k\n* Hái-iûⁿ seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Ha̍p-sêng seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Hē-thóng seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Hoà-ha̍k seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Hoat-seⁿ seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Hun-chú seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Io̍h-lí-ha̍k\n* Jîn-thé seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Kái-phò-ha̍k\n* Kià-seng-thâng-ha̍k\n* Kó͘-seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Liōng-chú seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Liû-hêng-pēⁿ-ha̍k\n* Piáu-koan ûi-thoân-ha̍k\n* Pēⁿ-lí-ha̍k\n* Pó-io̍k seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Seng-bu̍t bu̍t-lí-ha̍k\n* Seng-bu̍t chu-sìn-ha̍k\n* Seng-bu̍t hoà-ha̍k\n* Seng-bu̍t hun-lūi-ha̍k\n* Seng-bu̍t le̍k-ha̍k\n* Seng-bu̍t sò͘-ha̍k\n* Seng-bu̍t tē-lí-ha̍k\n* Seng-bu̍t thóng-kè-ha̍k\n* Seng-lí-ha̍k\n* Seng-thài-ha̍k\n* Sè-pau seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Sè-pau bî-seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Sèⁿ-miā khí-goân\n* Sî-kan seng-but-ha̍k\n* Siā-hōe seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Sîn-keng kho-ha̍k\n* Si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* To̍k-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Tōng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Ú-tiū seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Ûi-thoân-ha̍k\n* Ûi-thoân-thé-ha̍k\n\n | |\n| |\n| Sèⁿ-miā ê chân-chhù kiat-kò͘ | \n* Seng-bu̍t-khoan\n* Seng-thài-hē\n* Seng-bu̍t kûn-chi̍p\n* Kò-thé-kûn\n* Sèⁿ-miā-thé\n* Khì-koan hē-thóng\n* Khì-koan\n* Cho͘-chit\n* Sè-pau\n* Sè-pau khì-koan\n* Hun-chú\n\t+ Ko-hun-chú\n\t+ Seng-bu̍t hun-chú\n* Goân-chú\n\n |\n| |\n| Ki-chhó͘ | \n* Sè-pau ha̍k-soat\n* Seng-thài\n* Lêng-liōng\n* Chìn-hoà\n* Ûi-thoân-ha̍k\n* Hêng-siông-sèng\n* Ha̍p-sêng seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi\n\n |\n| |\n| Goân-lí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Chìn-hoà | \n* Sek-èng\n* Ûi-thoân-chú phû-tāng\n* Ûi-thoân-chú liû-tōng\n* Hông-koan chìn-hoà\n* Bî-chìn-hoà\n* Tu̍t-jiân piàn-ī\n* Chū-jiân soán-te̍k\n* Chéng-hun-hoà\n\n |\n| |\n| Seng-thài-ha̍k | \n* Seng-bu̍t to-iūⁿ-sèng\n* Chéng-kan koan-hē\n* Seng-thài-hē\n* Seⁿ-thoàⁿ-tē\n* Seng-thài-ūi\n* Kò-thé-kûn seng-thài-ha̍k\n* Chu-goân\n\n |\n| |\n| Hun-chú seng-bu̍t-ha̍k | \n* Sè-pau sìn-hō thoân-sàng\n* Hoat-io̍k seng-bu̍t-ha̍k\n* Piáu-koan ûi-thoân-ha̍k\n* Kiám-sò͘ hun-lia̍t\n* Iú-si hun-lia̍t\n* Choán-lio̍k-āu siu-siah\n\n |\n| |\n| Seng-bu̍t hoà-ha̍k | \n* Carbohydrate\n* Chi-chit\n* Tāi-siā\n* Hu̍t-sng\n* Kong-ha̍p-sêng\n* Nn̄g-pe̍h-chit\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Sèⁿ-miā-thé","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1969,4642,0.42417061611374407],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5841}} -{"text":"\npêⁿ-po·-cho̍k lú-sèng\n**Tâi-ôan goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k** (Hàn-jī: 原住民族) sī 17 sè-kí Hàn-jîn bōe î-bîn chêng tō tī Tâi-oân khiā-khí ê Lâm-tó-gí-cho̍k kah in ê hiō-tāi. Lēng-gōa 1 ê bêng-sû sī *sian-chū-bîn* (先住民), taⁿ khah hán-tit iōng. Tâi-ôan goân-chū-bîn ê thoân-thóng gí-giân sio̍k-î Lâm-tó-gí-hē.\n\nMiâ-chheng\n----------\n\nTâi-oân ê Hō-ló-lâng, Kheh-lâng kiò in *Hoan-á*, ì-sù sī \"bô bûn-bêng ê lâng\". Ū-ê goân-chū-bîn mā kā Hō-ló-lâng hō-chò *Pháiⁿ-lâng*. \n\nJi̍t-pún-lâng kin-kù tiong-sêng-tō· kā in hun-chò *se̍k-hoan* kah *chheⁿ-hoan*. Lēng-gōa iū-koh ū *hoan-lâng* (Ji̍t-pún-oē: *banzin*, 蕃人) ê kóng-hoat. Āu--lâi mā ū *ko-soa-cho̍k* (*takasagozoku*, 高砂族), *ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k* ê kiò-hoat. In ê cho̍k-kûn hun-lūi tùi hiān-tāi jîn-lūi-ha̍k, gí-giân-ha̍k, sīm-chì it-poaⁿ-lâng ê chai-bat éng-hióng chin chhim.\n\nChiàn-āu ê Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chèng-hú it-lu̍t chheng-ho· in kiò *soaⁿ-pau*, ē-kha koh pun chò \"soaⁿ-tē\" kap \"pêⁿ-tē\" 2 chióng.\n\nSui-bóng bat ū jîn-sū jīn-ûi *sian-chū-bîn* khah thò-tòng, hiān-chhú-sî *goân-chū-bîn* chit-ê chheng-ho· sī siā-hōe phó·-phiàn ē-tàng chiap-siū ê bêng-sû.\n\nKoaⁿ-hong tē-ūi\n---------------\n\nGoân-chū-bîn cho̍k-kûn ê thoân-thóng tē-poâⁿ\nTiong-hôa Bîn-kok sêng-jīm ê cho̍k-kûn kah sêng-jīm ê nî-tāi:\n\n(Í-hā khó-lêng ū chhò-gō·)\n\n* Amis ('Amis; Pangcah)\n* Atayal (Tayal, Tayan)\n* Bunun\n* Kanakanavu (2014 nî)\n* Kavalan (2002 nî)\n* Paiwan\n* Puyuma\n* Rukai\n* Saaroa (2014 nî)\n* Saisiyat (Saisiat)\n* Sakizaya (2007 nî)\n* Seediq (2008 nî)\n* Tao (Yami)\n* Thao (2001 nî)\n* Truku (Taroko, 2004 nî)\n* Tsou (Cou)\n\nBûn-hòa koân\n------------\n\nChiàn-āu lâi Tâi ê Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chèng-hú si̍t-si Hàn-hòa chèng-chhek. 1995 nî siu hoat chìn-chêng, Sèⁿ-miâ Tiâu-lē (姓名條例) pēng bô ún-chún Goân-chū-bîn sú-iōng thoân-thóng miâ-sèⁿ. Chit tiâu hoat-lu̍t tī 2003 nî koh-chài siu-tēng, ún-chún in tòa kok-bîn sin-hūn-chèng téng-thâu lia̍t lô-má-phèng-im ê miâ. Chóng--sī kàu 2005 nî iáu bô-kàu 1 chheng lâng hoan-thâu kái iōng thoân-tóng miâ.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:Aborigines of Taiwan*** |\n\n* Aboriginal identity sought through name rectification (*Tâi-pak Sî-pò*)\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hêng-chèng-īⁿ ū sêng-jīm | Amis-cho̍k (Pangcah)   Tayal-cho̍k   Bunun-cho̍k   Kanakanavu-cho̍k   Kavalan-cho̍k   Paiwan-cho̍k   Puyuma-cho̍k   Rukai-cho̍k   Saaroa-cho̍k   Sakizaya-cho̍k   Saisiyat-cho̍k   Seediq-cho̍k   Tao-cho̍k   Thao-cho̍k   Truku-cho̍k   Tsou-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Tē-hng ū sêng-jīm | Makatao-cho̍k (Pîn-tong-koān)   Siraya-cho̍k (Tâi-lâm-chhī)   Taivuan-cho̍k (Hoa-liân-koān Hù-lí-hiong) |\n| |\n| Koaⁿ-hong bô sêng-jīm | Babuza-cho̍k   Basay-cho̍k   Hoanya-cho̍k   Kaxabu-cho̍k   Ketagalan-cho̍k   Kulon-cho̍k   Luilang-cho̍k   Papora-cho̍k   Pazeh-cho̍k   Qauqaut-cho̍k   Taokas-cho̍k |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ hun-lūi | Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k   Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k   Formosa-lâng |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1044,2671,0.39086484462748033],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3362}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\nTâi-oân Hái-kiap\n**Tâi-oân būn-tê** (臺灣問題), he̍k-chiá **Tâi-hái būn-tê** (臺海問題), **Lióng-hoāⁿ būn-tê** (兩岸問題), sī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn kap Tē-jī-chhù Kok-kiōng Lōe-chiàn só͘ ûi-liû ê chèng-tī kap hoat-lu̍t būn-tê. 1945 nî 10 goe̍h 25 ji̍t, Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Tâi-oân-séng Hêng-chèng Tióng-koaⁿ Tân Gî tāi-piáu Bêng-kun chiap-siū chāi-Tâi Ji̍t-kun ê tâu-hâng, Tâi-oân ê thóng-tī-koân ùi Ji̍t-kun kau-hō͘ Bêng-kun. 1949 nî 10 goe̍h 1 ji̍t, Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok kiàn-li̍p liáu-āu, Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng léng-tō ê Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Chèng-hú tī kāng-nî ê 12 goe̍h thè-siú Tâi-oân. 1951 nî 9 goe̍h, Ji̍t-pún chèng-hú hām Tông-bêng-kok chhiam-tēng *San Francisco Tiâu-iok*, chèng-sek hòng-khì tùi Tâi-oân ê chú-koân, tān-sī in-ūi Tiong-kok tāi-piáu-koân ê būn-tê, Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok chèng-hú kap Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chèng-hú lóng bô chhiam-tēng hô-iok. Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chèng-hú lo̍h-bóe í-keng tī *Tiong-Ji̍t Hô-io̍k* lāi sêng-jīm hit hāng hô-iok, ah Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok nn̄g hāng hô-iok lóng bô sêng-jīm.\n\nTâi-oân būn-tê khan-liân tio̍h Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn liáu-āu ê Tâi-oân chú-koân kui-sio̍k, í-ki̍p nn̄g ê Tiong-kok chèng-koân tī kok-chè téng-bīn koan-hē tio̍h chú-koân, léng-thó͘ kap chèng-koân ha̍p-hoat-sèng ê cheng-gī. \"Tâi-oân būn-tê\" ê miâ-hō sī Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê koàn-iōng bêng-sû; tī kok-chè siōng, thong-siông ū **Tâi-oân gī-tê** (臺灣議題), **Tâi-oân tē-ūi būn-tê** (臺灣地位問題), **Tâi-oân chèng-tī tē-ūi būn-tê** (臺灣政治地位問題) téng-téng ê hō-miâ. Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok kan-na teh pò-tō chia-ê goā-pō͘ giân-lūn sî chiah ē sú-iōng. Chit-ê bêng-sû siōng-chá chhut-hiān tī 1955 nî Lí Chong-jîn só͘ siá ê *Tùi Tâi-oân Būn-tê tek Kū-thé Kiàn-gī* (對臺灣問題的具體建議) ê bûn-chiuⁿ lāi, in-ūi Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok kóng-hoàn soan-thoân, ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á tī Hoâ-gú-khoan kap kok-chè siā-hōe thong-hêng. Chit-ê bêng-sû iōng tī-leh piáu-su̍t koan-hē tio̍h Tâi-oân chū-sin ê chèng-tī tē-ūi kap chú-koân kui-sio̍k būn-tê, kāng-sî mā kóng-gī pau-hâm Lióng-hoāⁿ koan-hē būn-tê kap Tâi-oân pún-tē só͘ kóng ê **thóng-to̍k būn-tê** (統獨問題).\n\nKoh khoàⁿ\n---------\n\n* Tâi-oân to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng\n* Tâi-oân-séng (Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok)","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân būn-tê","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[117,2192,0.05337591240875912],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2487}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k** ê hoat-chó· it-poaⁿ sī kóng tī Ji̍t-pún si̍t-bîn ê 1920 nî-tāi ê Tâi-oân sin-bûn-ha̍k ūn-tōng [?]. Chit-ê ūn-tōng ê sèng-chit hām thoân-thóng ê kū-bûn-ha̍k khah bô sio-kâng. Tùi Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi sin-bûn-ha̍k ūn-tōng khai-sí, Tâi-oân ê chok-ka tō it-ti̍t kā in kiàn-li̍p--khí-lâi ê bûn-ha̍k hō-chò **Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k\".**\n\nĀu--lâi in-ūi chèng-tī khoân-kéng, tia̍t-pia̍t sī Kok-bîn Chèng-hú thóng-tī Tâi-oân liáu-āu, **Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k** chit-ê bêng-sû tō it-ti̍t ū cheng-gī, chhin-chhiūⁿ 1970 nî-tāi ê hiong-thó· bûn-ha̍k poâⁿ-oē ê sî, tō ū lâng kāu-chhau-hoân, kóng hiong-thó· bûn-ha̍k kap hun-lī-chú-gī sio-liâm-tì-toà, mā ū lâng kóng hiong-thó· bûn-ha̍k kap Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng thóng-tī chi-hā ê bûn-ha̍k chhēng kāng niá khò·, sī kang-lông-peng bûn-gē (工農兵文藝), mā koh ū lâng tiâu-tî kā ut-áu, hō-chò \"pian-kiong bûn-ha̍k\" (邊疆文學).\n\nIt-ti̍t kàu 1980 nî-tāi khí-chho·, Tâi-oân ê chok-ka chóng-sǹg sī sêng-kong kā Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k cheng-chhú-tio̍h tē-ūi, kong-khai thê-chhiòng tī Tâi-oân sán-seng ê bûn-ha̍k tō-sī Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k. It-lâi-jī-khì, kìⁿ-nā jīn-tông Tâi-oân ê lâng, ēng Tâi-oân-lâng ê koan-tiám, lâi siá-chhut thiàⁿ-thàng Tâi-oân, kap Tâi-oân ū koan-hē ê bûn-ha̍k-chok-phín, lóng ē-sái kìo-chò Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k.\n\nNā khoàⁿ Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k sú-iōng ê bûn-jī, ū Hàn-jī bûn-giân-bûn, Hō-ló, Ji̍t-bûn kap Hoâ-gí téng-téng, ū ê siá Hàn-jī, ū ê ēng lô-má-jī, sam-téng-jī-hō, sǹg sī Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k ê tia̍t-sek.\n\nNā tùi le̍k-sú lâi khoàⁿ, Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k sī khah-òaⁿ hoat-chó· ê bûn-ha̍k, kap sian-chìn kok-ka pí--khí-lâi, m̄-nā pí Ji̍t-pún bān khí-kiâⁿ chin-chē, sīm-chì mā pí Tiong-kok Ngó-sù ūn-tōng ê sin-bûn-ha̍k khah-bān kúi-nā tang. In-ūi Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k hoat-chó· khah-oàⁿ, só·-í chū-jiân tō kè-sêng kî-thaⁿ bûn-ha̍k ê sèng-chit kap sêng-chek, Au-chiu kap Bí-kok bûn-ha̍k tùi i ū éng-hióng, Ji̍t-pún kap Tiong-kok bûn-ha̍k mā tùi i ū chin-chē éng-hióng.\n\nJi̍t-pún sî-tāi, Loā-hô (賴和) kā Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k hō-chò \"sè-kài-chú-gī ē-kha ê Tâi-oân sin-bûn-ha̍k\", nā chit-ê sî-tāi ê chok-ka Chiong Tiāu-chèng (鍾肇政, Kheh-gí: Chûng Seu-chṳn) sī kóng: \"Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k sī Tâi-oân pún-thó· ê bûn-ha̍k, sī Tâi-oân lâng ê bûn-ha̍k, sī sè-kài bûn-ha̍k ê 1-ki.\"\n\nSiang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* Kok-ka Tâi-oân Bûn-ha̍k-koán","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[28,2236,0.012522361359570662],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2593}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân-ōe-bûn** (台灣話文) sī chú-tiuⁿ ēng Tâi-oân-ōe siá bûn-chiuⁿ ê su-sióng kap ūn-tōng. Ùi 1930 nî khai-sí, siū-tio̍h Ji̍t-pún ê giân-bûn it-tì su-sióng ê éng-hióng, N̂g Se̍k-hui tī Sin Bûn-hia̍p ê khan-bu̍t *Ngó͘-jîn-pò* khan-teng chi̍t phiⁿ hō-chò *Chóaⁿ-iūⁿ Put Thê-chhiòng Hiong-thó͘ Bûn-ha̍k* (怎樣不提倡鄉土文學). N̂g Se̍k-hui jīn-ûi, khiā tī ki-chân jio̍k-sè cho̍k-kûn ê kak-tō͘, kiông-tiāu nā-sī Tâi-oân-ōe chham bûn-jī ha̍p-it liáu-āu, ē-tàng hō͘ lông-kang kai-kip ê ki-chân cho̍k-kûn sú-iōng khí-lâi khah lī-piān. M̄-koh, án-ne ê su-sióng soan ín-khí liáu chi-chhî kap hoán-tùi siang-hong ê bûn-ha̍k lūn-chiàn. It-ti̍t kàu 1934 nî chiah ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á pêng-sek. Tâi-oân-ōe-bûn ūn-tōng mā chham Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê sin-kū bûn-ha̍k lūn-chiàn ū-koan.\n\nPōe-kéng\n--------\n\n1895 nî, Tâi-oân chìn-ji̍p Ji̍t-pún thóng-tī sî-tāi, Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú khai-sí tī kok-gí thoân-si̍p-só͘ kap kong-ha̍k-hāu téng koaⁿ-hong kàu-io̍k ki-koan thui-sak Ji̍t-pún-ōe kap Ji̍t-bûn. Tī chit-khoán chêng-hêng hā, Tâi-oân-ōe ê seng-chûn hoat-tián siū-tio̍h gōa-lâi giân-gí ê ui-hia̍p; tī bûn-su hong-bīn mā ài bīn-tùi pí Hàn-bûn koh-khah \"giân-bûn bô it-tì\" ê chêng-hêng. In-chhú, tì-sú Tâi-oân hit-chūn ê bûn-ha̍k-kài chū-kak beh kā Tâi-oân-lâng ê seng-oa̍h giân-gí siá chò su-biān-bûn, chiah ùi chia sán-seng liáu ēng Hàn-jī lâi siá Tâi-oân-ōe-bûn ê chú-tiuⁿ.\n\n1924 nî, Liân Un-kheng hoat-piáu chi̍t phiⁿ hō-chò *Giân-gí chi Siā-hōe tek Sèng-chit* (言語之社會的性質) ê bûn-chiuⁿ; 1929 nî, *Tâi-oân Bîn-pò* khan-teng Liân Ngá-tông ê *Tâi-gí Chéng-lí chi Thâu-sū* (台語整理之頭緒) kap *Tâi-gí Kàu-lí chi Chek-jīm* (台語教理之責任) 2 phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ. In 2 lâng ê lūn-tiám lóng í-keng kóng tio̍h Tâi-oân pún-thó͘ giân-gí ê tiōng-iàu-sèng, m̄-koh iû-goân bô thê-chhut kái-koat ê hong-hoat, mā bô ùi siā-hōe tāi-chiòng ê kak-tō͘ lâi su-khó.\n\nHoat-íⁿ\n-------\n\n1930 nî, chó-phài thoân-thé Sin Bûn-hia̍p tiong-siông-úi N̂g Se̍k-hui tī hit-ê thoân-thé ê gōa-sū mûi-thé *Ngó͘-jîn-pò* téng hoat-piáu chi̍t phiⁿ hō-chò *Chóaⁿ-iūⁿ Put Thê-chhiòng Hiong-thó͘ Bûn-ha̍k* (怎樣不提倡鄉土文學) ê bûn-chiuⁿ, lāi-té siá tio̍h: \"ēng Tâi-oân-ōe chò bûn, ēng Tâi-oân-ōe chò si, ēng Tâi-oân-ōe chò sió-soat, ēng Tâi-oân-ōe chò koa-iâu, biâu-siá Tâi-oân ê sū-bu̍t\". Keh-tńg-nî, i koh tī *Tâi-oân Sin-bûn* hoat-piáu *Chài Tâm Hiong-thó͘ Bûn-ha̍k* (再談鄉土文學). Chit 2 phiⁿ chok-phín lóng bêng-pe̍k piáu-sī Tâi-oân bûn-jîn èng-kai ài ēng Tâi-oân-ōe lâi biâu-siá Tâi-oân ê sū-bu̍t; lēng-gōa mā chú-tiuⁿ ēng Hàn-jī piáu-kì Tâi-oân-ōe ê giân-bûn it-tì ūn-tōng.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân-ōe-bûn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2473,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2862}} -{"text":"\n\n \n\nKhǹg tī Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Phok-bu̍t-koán ê Nâ-tē-n̂g-hó͘-kî\n**Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok kok-kî**, sī 1895 nî 5-goe̍h 23 kàu 10-goe̍h tī Tâi-oân kiàn-li̍p ê Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok leh iōng ê kok-kî kah kok-hui, in-ūi i ê tô͘ sī nâ-tē n̂g-hó͘, koh hō-chò **Nâ-tē-n̂g-hó͘-kî** iah-sī **N̂g-hó͘-kî**, tio̍h tī chit bīn kî-á kong-pò͘ ê hit-kang, Tn̂g Kéng-siông hoat-piáu \"Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok To̍k-li̍p Soan-giân\".\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTē-it-biān \"Nâ-tē-n̂g-hó͘-kî\" tī 1895 nî 5-goe̍h 23 Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok sêng-li̍p ê sî-chūn chhut-hiān, in-ūi *Má-koan Tiâu-iok* kā Tâi-oân kah Phêⁿ-ô͘ koah hō͘ Ji̍t-pún. Ūi-tio̍h mài hőng koah chhut--khì, soan-pò͘ sêng-li̍p \"Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok\", kí-chiàn Tâi-oân sûn-bú Tn̂g Kéng-siông chò tāi-chóng-thóng. Bô-gōa-kú, Ji̍t-kun chiàm-niá Ke-lâng, Tn̂g Kéng-siông soan khì Hō͘-bóe (taⁿ Tām-chúi-khu) ê Douglas iôⁿ-hâng, āu--lâi koh chē Tek-ko lûn-chûn Arthur-hō khì Ē-mn̂g. Kâng nî 6 goe̍h, chhun--ê lâng koh tī Tâi-lâm sêng-li̍p \"Tē-jī Kiōng-hô\", tāi-chiong-kun Lâu Éng-hok chiâⁿ-chò Bîn-chú-kok tē-2-jīm tāi-chóng-thóng. 1895 nî 10-goe̍h, Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok mā in-ūi Lâu Éng-hok peng pāi tio̍h sûi kái-sàn.\n\nTâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok ūi-tio̍h beh ho͘-èng tio̍h Chheng-tè-kok kok-kî ê \"n̂g-tē nâ-lêng\", tio̍h khe̍h \"nâ-tē n̂g-hó͘\" chò kok-kî, só͘-í hō-chò \"Nâ-tē-n̂g-hó͘-kî\". kin-kì *Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok lîm-sî hiàn-hoat* tē-4-tiâu, Tâi-oân \"chhái-iōng Nâ-tē N̂g-hó͘ kok-kî, pēng chok-ûi kok-hui.\"\n\n2012 nî, Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Phok-bu̍t-koán keng-kòe 1 nî pòaⁿ ê khó-chèng koh siu-ho̍k, khak-tēng N̂g-hó͘-kî goân-té sī siang-bīn ê. chiàⁿ hoán nn̄g-bīn ê hó͘ ba̍k-chiu bô-kâng, chiàⁿ-bīn ê hó͘ ang-á-jîn îⁿ-îⁿ, sī \"àm-sî ê hó͘\"; hoán-bīn ê hó͘ ang-á-jîn oan-oan ná-chhiōⁿ goe̍h-niô͘ kāng-khoán, sī \"ji̍t-sî ê hó͘\", chiàⁿ hoán nn̄g-bīn tāi-piáu ê sī tiù-iā he̍k-chiá im-iông, ū \"ji̍t-iā hō͘-kok\" ê kóng-hoat.\n\nKoh-khòaⁿ\n---------\n\n* Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok\n* Tâi-oân chóng-thóng\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ \"國立臺灣博物館 【典藏選粹/臺灣民主國藍地黃虎旗】\". 國立臺灣博物館. goân-loē-iông tī 2016-12-20 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-12-14 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ 簡後聰. \"福爾摩沙傳奇：臺灣的歷史源流（下冊）\" (PDF). *第240頁*. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2021-08-15 hőng khó͘-pih. 2021-08-02 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"黃虎旗再現─原來有兩隻老虎！臺博館鎮館典藏文物修護重大發現\" (Press release). 國立臺灣博物館. 2012-12-14. goân-loē-iông tī 2016-12-20 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-12-14 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ 重大發現！藍地黃虎旗竟有2隻老虎 Archived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine.，中央廣播電臺，2012/12/14\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Flag of the Republic of Formosa*** |\n\n* 國立臺灣博物館 【典藏選粹/臺灣民主國藍地黃虎旗】\n* 黃虎旗再現─臺灣民主國藍地黃虎旗修護成果展, 國立臺灣博物館","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok kok-kî","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1163,3015,0.3857379767827529],"infobox":["\n\n
    Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok
    \n
    Miâ\nNâ-tē-n̂g-hó͘-kî
    Sú-iōng\nKok-kî kap chûn-kî \"Small\"Small
    Chhái-iōng\n1895 nî 5-goeh 23
    Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok Éng-chheng goân-nî
    Chheng Kong-sū 21 nî
    Ji̍t-pún Bêng-tī 28 nî
    Siat-kè\nNâ-sek pōe-kéng, tiong-ng ū 1 chiah n̂g-sek ê hó͘, ba̍k-chiu lāi-té ang-á-jîn îⁿ-îⁿ
    \n
    Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok piàn-khoán kî
    Siat-kè\nhoán-bīn hó͘ ê ba̍k-chiu lāi-té ang-á-jîn chhin-chhiōⁿ goe̍h-niô͘
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3057}} -{"text":"\n\n**Sé-hîm** (ha̍k-miâ: *Procyon lotor*) sī Pak Bí-chiu goân-seng ê Chia̍h-bah-ba̍k tōng-bu̍t. Tī chi̍t-koá kî-tha só͘-chāi, chhan-chhiūⁿ Ji̍t-pún, sé-hîm sī phó͘-phiàn ê goā-lâi chéng.\n\nHêng-thé kì-su̍t\n----------------\n\nSé-hîm tùi thâu kòe āu-kha ê chhùn-chhioh sī 40 chì 70 kong-hun, bóe-á tn̂g-tō͘ ū 20 chì 40 kong-hun. Keng-kah-thâu koân-tō͘ ū 23 chì 30 kong-hun. Tōa-chāi liáu-āu ê sé-hîm thé-tāng chiàu kò͘-pia̍t seng-oa̍h khoân-kéng, ū chin tōa cheng-chha, tùi 2 kàu 14 kong-kin lóng ū khó-lêng, chóng nā tōa-pō͘-hūn sī 3.5 kàu 9 kong-kin. I-poaⁿ kang-ê sé-hîm pí bó--ê khah tāng cha-put-to 15% kàu 20%. Nā kôaⁿ-thiⁿ tú khai-sí ê sî-chūn, in ē-tàng chin-ka 2-pōe ê thé-tāng.\n\nSé-hîm ê gōa-khoán chú-iàu te̍k-sek sī in ba̍k-chiu sì-ûi ê o͘-sek khian-á, tī he o͘-sek khian-á gōa-kháu koh seⁿ pe̍h-sek ê mo͘, tiō ná-chhiūⁿ \"chhat-á\" om bīn ê khoán-iūⁿ.\n\nHêng-ûi\n-------\n\nSé-hîm ê siā-hōe hêng-ûi chiàu in sèng-pia̍t ū chha. Ū chhin-cho̍k koan-hē ê bó sé-hîm ē tòa tī kâng só͘-chāi, tī chhōe mi̍h chia̍h he̍k-chiá sī hioh-khùn ê sî-chūn ū-sî ē kìⁿ-bīn. Bô chhin-cho̍k koan-hē ê kang sé-hîm chi kan ū tì-tāi bô chin ba̍t ê kûn-thé seng-oa̍h, it-poaⁿ chi̍t tīn bô chhiau-kòe 4 chia̍h, hō͘ in thang tùi-khòng gōa-kháu ê kang sé-hîm tī kau-phòe sî-kî ê chhim-ji̍p. Kang sé-hîm tùi gín-á ū kong-kek-sèng, bó sé-hîm ē chhōa gín-á to̍k-li̍p seng-oa̍h it-ti̍t kàu gín-á khah tōa-hān ē-tàng pó-hō͘ ka-tī. Chham-khó í-siōng 3 khoán ê seng-oa̍h hong-sek, ha̍k-chiá Ulf Hohmann chheng in ê siā-hōe kò͘-chō sī \"sam kai-ki̍p siā-hōe\" (*three class society*).\n\nHun-lūi\n-------\n\nThong sè-kài ū 22 khoán sé-hîm á-chéng. Pau-koat í-hā:\n\n* *P. l. lotor*\n* *P. l. auspicatus*\n* *P. l. elucus*\n* *P. l. excelsus*\n* *P. l. fuscipes*\n* *P. l. gloveralleni*\n* *P. l. grinnelli*\n* *P. l. hernandezii*\n* *P. l. hirtus*\n* *P. l. incautus*\n* *P. l. inesperatus*\n* *P. l. insularis*\n* *P. l. litoreus*\n* *P. l. marinus*\n* *P. l. maynardi*\n* *P. l. megalodous*\n* *P. l. pacificus*\n* *P. l. pallidus*\n* *P. l. psora*\n* *P. l. pumilus*\n* *P. l. simus*\n* *P. l. vancouverensis*\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Fossilworks: *Procyon lotor*\n2. ↑ Timm, R.; Cuarón, A.D.; Reid, F.; Helgen, K.; González-Maya, J.F. (2016). \"*Procyon lotor*\". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2016**: e.T41686A45216638. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41686A45216638.en. 24 November 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ *Procyon lotor*, Wilson & Reeder's *Mammal Species of the World*. 3rd Edition.","meta":{"title":"Sé-hîm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1000,2580,0.3875968992248062],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Raccoon
    Sî-kan hoān-ûi: Blancan–Recent
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \n
    ↓
    \n
    \n
    California sé-hîm (P. l. psora), tī California ê Lower Klamath Kok-li̍p Iá-seng Pó-hō͘-tē
    Kho-ha̍k hun-lūi \"e\"
    Kài:Animalia
    Mn̂g:Chordata
    Kong:Mammalia
    Bo̍k:Carnivora
    A-bo̍k:Caniformia
    Kho:Procyonidae
    Sio̍k:Procyon
    Chéng:
    P. lotor
    Ha̍k-miâ
    Procyon lotor
    (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Âng-sek chāi-lâi hoān-ûi, nâ-sek ín-ji̍p hoān-ûi
    Siâng-ì-miâ
    \n

    Ursus lotor Linnaeus, 1758

    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2697}} -{"text":"**Sèⁿ-miā kho-ha̍k** (性命科學; Eng-gú: *life science*) sī tùi só͘-ū seng-bu̍t-thé (pau-hâm bî-seng-bu̍t, si̍t-bu̍t, chin-khún kap tōng-bu̍t téng) chìn-hêng kho-ha̍k gián-kiù ê ha̍k-su̍t léng-he̍k. Bo̍k-chiân, seng-bu̍t-ha̍k sī sèⁿ-miā kho-ha̍k ê gián-kiù tiong-sim, lēng-goā chhin-chhiūⁿ hun-chú seng-bu̍t-ha̍k kap seng-bu̍t ki-su̍t ê hoat-tián kap tu̍t-phoà, tì-sú sèⁿ-miā kho-ha̍k tng-teh ta̍uh-ta̍uh chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t ê choan-cheng koh chē-chē ha̍k-kho hō͘-siong kau-chhe ê léng-he̍k.\n\nSèⁿ-miā kho-ha̍k ē tùi bó͘ chi̍t-koá te̍k-tēng ê seng-bu̍t chìn-hêng gián-kiù; chhin-chhiūⁿ tōng-bu̍t-ha̍k gián-kiù tōng-bu̍t, ah si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k gián-kiù si̍t-bu̍t. Tû-liáu chiam-tùi te̍k-tēng ê seng-bu̍t chò gián-kiù, sèⁿ-miā kho-ha̍k iā ē lâi thàm-thó seng-bu̍t-thé chi-kan kiōng-tông ê sèng-chit, chhin-chhiūⁿ kái-phò-ha̍k ia̍h-sī ûi-thoân-ha̍k. Lēng-goā, chhin-chhiūⁿ seng-bu̍t kang-têng chit-khoán ê ha̍k-kho sī koh-khah choan-chù lâi lī-iōng tùi seng-bu̍t-thé ê gián-kiù chìn-hêng chiam-toan ki-su̍t ê gián-kiù kap khai-hoat.\n\nSèⁿ-miā kho-ha̍k tùi thê-ko jîn-lūi ê seng-oa̍h phín-chit ū chin toā ê chō͘-ek. Bo̍k-chiân, sèⁿ-miā kho-ha̍k siong-koan ê tì-sek í-keng tī i-liâu, lông-gia̍p, pó-kiān, si̍t-phín kang-gia̍p kap chè-io̍h téng-téng hong-bīn tit-tio̍h chin kóng-hoat ê èng-iōng.","meta":{"title":"Sèⁿ-miā kho-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1316,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1480}} -{"text":"Tâi-oân-séng Chham-gī-hōe ê ūi-tì\n**Tâi-oân-séng Chham-gī-hōe** (臺灣省參議會) sī Tâi-oân-séng Gī-hōe ê chiân-sin, chiàn-āu chho͘-kî Tâi-oân-séng ê chòe-ko bîn-ì ki-koan. 1946 nî 5 goe̍h 1 hō sêng-li̍p, 1951 nî 12 goe̍h hòe-chí. Chham-gī-hōe siat tī Tâi-pak-chhī Lâm-hái-lō͘ kap Choân-chiu-lō͘ oat-kak-á ê Goân Tâi-oân Kàu-io̍k Hōe-koán.\n\nChiàu 1945 nî siu-tēng liáu-āu ê *Séng-chham-gī-oân Soán-kí Tiâu-lē* (省參議員選舉條例) ê kui-tēng, séng-chham-gī-oân thàu-kòe kàn-chiap soán-kí hong-sek sán-seng, iā chiū sī iû kok koān-chhī chham-gī-hōe ê chham-gī-oân lâi tam-jīm soán-kí-jîn. Goân-té kui-tēng múi koān-chhī kan-na ē-tàng soán-kí 1 lâng, āu-lâi keng-kòe Tâi-oân-séng Hêng-chèng Tióng-koaⁿ Kong-sú thêng-pò Kok-bîn Chèng-hú he̍k-chún liáu-āu, chiàu jîn-kháu tiâu-chéng. 1946 nî 4 goe̍h 15 hō, choân séng 17 koān-chhī chóng-kiōng soán chhut tē-it-kài séng-chham-gī-oân 30 lâng, koh ka-siōng āu-lâi tiong-iong lîn-soán 6 lâng, kap cheng-gia̍h ê soann-tē-che̍k séng-chham-gī-oân 1 lâng, lóng-chóng hoat-tēng miâ-gia̍h 37 lâng.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân-séng Chham-gī-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1018,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1157}} -{"text":"\n**Tâi-oân-séng chèng-hú chú-se̍k** (it-poaⁿ kán-chheng-chò **Tâi-oân-séng Chú-se̍k**; tī lāi-pō͘ kán-chheng-chò **Séng-hú Chú-se̍k**) sī Tiong-hôa bîn-kok Tâi-oân-séng siōng koân hêng-chèng siú-tiúⁿ, mā-sī Tâi-oân-séng Chèng-hú ê chú-koaⁿ. Iû Hêng-chèng-īⁿ īⁿ-tiúⁿ thê-chhiáⁿ Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chóng-thóng jīm-bēng, hū-chek Séng-chèng-hú hat-sio̍k (轄屬) ê koh-hāng chèng-bū. Chit-ê koaⁿ-chit ùi 1947 nî 5--goe̍h 16 khai-sí, tī 1994 nî 12--goe̍h 21 khai-sí bat kái-chè-chò Tâi-oân-séng séng-bîn ti̍t-soán ê **Tâi-oân-séng Séng-tiúⁿ**, hoat-tēng jīm-kî sì-tang; āu--lâi in-ūi Tâi-oân-séng Chèng-hú ê kong-lêng gia̍p-bū kah cho͘-chit tiâu-chéng, 1998 nî 2--goe̍h 21 koh-chài khoe-ho̍k chhú chit. 2018 nî 7--goe̍h chhe-1, Hêng-chèng-īⁿ kā Séng-chèng-hú ê gia̍p-bū iông-ji̍p tiong-iong chèng-hú; chit-ê chit-ūi tio̍h khàng kàu chit-má. 2019 nî khai-sí chèng-sek la̍p-ji̍p Hêng-chèng-īⁿ ê gia̍p-bū ī-soàn tang-tiong - Séng-chèng-hú ê ī-soàn kui-lêng (歸零)--khì.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân-séng Chèng-hú Chú-se̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[439,1405,0.3124555160142349],"infobox":["
    Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok ê  Tâi-oân-séng Chèng-hú Chú-se̍k
    \n
    Tâi-oân-séng chèng-hú ê kî-á
    \n
    Chun-chheng\nSéng-chú-se̍k, Séng-hú chú-se̍k
    Thê-miâ\nHêng-chèng-īⁿ īⁿ-tiúⁿ
    Jīm-bēng\nTiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chóng-thóng
    Jīm-kî\nbô hān-chè
    Chiân-sin\nTâi-oân-séng hêng-chèng tiúⁿ-koaⁿ
    Thâu chit jīm\nGūi Tō-bêng
    Siat-li̍p\n1947 nî 5 goe̍h 16 ji̍t;​ 76 nî í-chêng​ (1947-05-16)
    Choè-āu chit jīm\nNgô͘ Te̍k-sêng
    Bāng-chām\nTâi-oân-séng Chèng-hú le̍k-jīm siú-tiúⁿ
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1099}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân-gí kana** (Tâi-oân-gí/gú khá-nah, Ji̍t-pún Hàn-jī: [kū] 臺灣語假名; [sin] 台湾語仮名) sī Ji̍t-pún tī thóng-tī Tâi-oân hit-sî siat-kè beh pheng Tâi-oân-oē ho͘-im ê kana hē-thóng, chú-iàu ēng katakana chò ki-chhó͘. Tī Ji̍t-tâi Toā Sû-tián tio̍h sú-iōng chit thò hē-thóng lâi pheng-im.\n\nGō͘-cha̍p-im jī\n---------------\n\n* ア イ ウ エ オ\n* カ キ ク ケ コ\n* サ シ ス セ ソ\n* タ チ ツ テ ト\n* ナ ニ ヌ ネ ノ\n* ハ ヒ フ ヘ ホ\n* マ ミ ム メ モ\n* ラ リ ル レ ロ\n* ヲ\n* ン\n\n### Tek-sû sú-iōng\n\n* フ tī Tâi-oân-oē sī ho͘ \"hu\" im.\n* Ūi tio̍h piáu-hiān \"o͘ \"kap \"o\" ê khu-piat, ki-pún ê bó-im ū hun オ kap ヲ.\n* Ēng ヌ piau \"n\" im.\n* Ēng ン piau \"ng\" im.\n* Bô ēng ヤ, ユ, ヨ, ワ, ヰ, ヱ.\n\nLô-im hû-hō\n-----------\n\nKui-chek kap Ji̍t-gí ê sú-iōng sio-siâng, chóng-sī si̍t-chè ēng tio̍h ê lô-im tī nn̄g khoán gí-giân bô kâng.\n\nSàng-khì hû-hō\n--------------\n\n| | a | i | u | e | o·/o |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| t | タ | チ | ツ | テ | ト |\n| th | タ・ | チ・ | ツ・ | テ・ | ト・ |\n| ch | サ | チ | ツ | セ | ソ |\n| chh | サ・ | チ・ | ツ・ | セ・ | ソ・ |\n|\n\nSiaⁿ-tiāu hû-hō\n---------------\n\n| POJ | a | á | à | ah | â | ā | a̍h |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Hui-phīⁿ-im | *bô* | | | | | | |\n| Phīⁿ-im | | | | | | | |\n|","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân-gí kana","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[356,826,0.43099273607748184],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1355}} -{"text":" \n**Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k** (廈門大學, Ē-mn̂g-oē: **Ē-bn̂g Toā-o̍h**), kán-chheng \"Hā-tāi\" (廈大), Tiong-kok Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ ti̍t-sio̍k (直屬) ê tiōng-tiám chong-ha̍p-sèng tāi-ha̍k.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nĒ-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k sī ài-kok Hôa-kiâu Tân Kah-kiⁿ sian-siⁿ tī 1921 nî pān--ê, sī Tiong-kok kūn-tāi-sú siōng tē-it keng Hôa-kiâu pān--ê tāi-ha̍k. Bo̍k-chiân Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k mā-sī Tiong-kok chiòng keng-chè te̍k-khu tang-tiong, to̍k-to̍k chi̍t-keng sio̍k-î Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ ti̍t-chiap kóan-lí ê chong-ha̍p-sèng tāi-ha̍k, siâng-sî, iū-kok sī kok-ka \"211 kang-thêng\" kah \"985 kang-thêng\" tiōng-tiám kiàn-siat ê tē-it phoe ko chúi-pîⁿ ê tāi-ha̍k chit-it.\n\nĒ-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k kiàn hāu kàu-taⁿ 83 nî, sian-āu chhiâⁿ-iúⁿ liáu 12 bān gōa pún-kho-seng kah sek-sū-seng. Che í-gōa, bat tiàm Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k ha̍p-si̍p kòe, kang-chok kòe ê Tiong-kok lióng-īⁿ (Tiong-kok Kho-ha̍k-īⁿ, Tiong-kok Kang-thêng-īⁿ) ê īⁿ-sū chhiau-kè 50 lâng.\n\nHāu-hn̂g ê khôan-kéng\n---------------------\n\nĒ-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k hāu-hn̂g pun-chòe \"pún-pō͘, Chiang-chiu hāu-khu, Chi̍p-bí hāu-khu\" saⁿ pō͘-hūn. Pún-pō͘ tiàm tī Ē-mn̂g-tó sai-lâm-pō͘ ê hái-piⁿ-á, chiàm-tē beh kàu 2500 bó͘. Chiang-chiu hāu-khu tiàm-leh Ē-mn̂g-tó tùi-bīn ê tāi-lio̍k, iā-to̍h-sī Liông-hái-chhī ê Káng-bé-tìn (港尾鎮), kah Ē-mn̂g-tó keh-hái-sio-khòaⁿ, Chiang-chiu hāu-khu chiàm-tōe bīn-chek 2568 bó͘. Chi̍p-bí hāu-khu tòa leh Ē-mn̂g Chi̍p-bí bûn-kàu-khu, chiàm-tōe bīn-chek 3000 bó͘. Saⁿ-ê hāu-khu chôan-pō͘ óa-soaⁿ khò-hái, lóng tiàm leh kong-kéng iu-bí iū-koh tiām-chēng ê só͘-chāi, hāu-hn̂g ê kiàn-tiok hong-keh thàu-té ūn-iōng \"Kah-kiⁿ hong-keh\" (chham-khó Tân Kah-kiⁿ kah Chi̍p-bí-khu). \n\nĒ-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k Tô͘-su-kóan lóng-chóng ū chông-su 310 bān chheh, ha̍k-hāu gī-khì siat-pī chóng kè-ta̍t ta̍t-kàu 5 ek kho͘ (Jîn-bîn-pè). Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k hāu-hn̂g ko-sok sìn-sit bāng-lō͘ kiàn-siat, bô-lūn kui-bô͘ a̍h-sī tòng-chhù, lóng tī kok-lāi pâi thâu-chêng, taⁿ sī CERNET2 chú-iàu liân-chip-tiàm chit-it.\n\nKi-kò͘\n------\n\nĒ-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k chit-chūn ū 1 ê gián-kiù-seng ha̍k-īⁿ kah 18 ê kî-thaⁿ ha̍k-īⁿ, lóng-chóng 43-ê hē kah 1 tōa phoe ê kho-gián ki-kò͘. Hiān-chú-sî, Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k í-keng sī 1 só͘ chong-ha̍p sèng-chit ê tāi-ha̍k, lūi-pia̍t pau-koah: jîn-bûn kho-ha̍k, siā-hōe kho-ha̍k, chū-jiân kho-ha̍k, kang-thêng kah ki-su̍t kho-ha̍k, kóan-lí kho-ha̍k, gē-su̍t kàu-io̍k kho-ha̍k, i-ha̍k kho-ha̍k téng-téng, kho-lūi si̍t-chāi chiâⁿ chiâu-chn̂g (chiâu-chôan).\n\nĒ-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k lāi-té ê gián-kiù-īⁿ, tiong-sim, só͘, sek, lóng-chóng ū 80-ê, kî-tiong kok-ka tiōng-tiám si̍t-giām-sek 1 keng, kok-ka choan-gia̍p si̍t-giām-sek 1 keng, Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ tiōng-tiám si̍t-giām-sek 3 keng, Hok-kiàn-séng tiōng-tiám si̍t-gia̍p-sek 1 keng, Hok-kiàn-séng kang-thêng ki-su̍t giám-kiù tiong-sim 1 chō, Hok-kiàn-séng giám-kiù tiong-sim 1 chō, Kok-ka bûn-kho tiōng-tiám gián-kiù ki-tē 5 ê.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k\n* Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k Tô͘-su-kóan\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 132144327\n* LCCN: n80131228\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2264 7233\n* GND: 133236-3\n* NLA: 36602112\n* NDL: 00707195\n* CiNii: DA05504362\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[414,3215,0.12877138413685849],"infobox":["
    Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k
    \n
    厦门大学
    \n
    Hāu-hùn\n自强不息 止于至善
    Hāu-hùn
    hoan-e̍k
    		\nChū kiông put sek, chí û chì siān
    Lūi-pia̍t\nkong-li̍p
    Khí-chō\n1921 nî;​ 101 nî í-chêng​ (1921)
    Só͘-chāi\n
    \"\" Tiong-kok Ē-mn̂g-chhī
    Liân-bêng\nGU8
    Bāng-chām\nwww.xmu.edu.cn
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3532}} -{"text":"\n**Tâi-uân jîn-thé sing-bu̍t tsu-liāu-khòo** (hân-gú: 臺灣人體生物資料庫; ing-gú: Taiwan Biobank) sī Tiong-hua bîn-kok Tiong-iong gián-kiù-īnn kî-hā ê tsi̍t-hāng tuā-hîng sing-bu̍t i-ha̍k kè-uē; tsū 2003-nî 8-gue̍h khai-sí phîng-kóo khó-hîng-sìng, 2012年-nî khai-sí king-iû uē-sing-sú (āu--lâi sing-keh uî ue-sing hok-lī-pōo) hi̍k-huat siat-tì hí-khó, tsìng-sik khai-si siu-àn. Kè-uē ū-kî í 12-nî ê kî-kan, soo-tsi̍p 20-bān miâ kiān-khong tsham-ú-tsiá í-ki̍p10-bān miâ huān-tsiá ê \"sing-bu̍t kiám-thé\" kah \"kiān-khong tsu-sìn\", kiàn-tì sio̍k-ú Tâi-uân ê jîn-thé sing-bu̍t tsu-liāu-khòo, theh-kiong ha̍k-tsiá sin-tshíng sú-iōng. Tsia̍t-tsí 2022-nî 10-gue̍h té uî-tsí, í-king soo-tsi̍p tshiau-kuè 18-bān lâng ê tsu-liāu.\n\nKè-uē tsìn-tián\n---------------\n\nTiong-iong gián-kiù-īnn tī 於-2003-nî khai-sí tsìn-hîng \"kiàn-li̍p Tâi-uân lâng tsit-pīnn kah ki-in tsu-liāu-khòo\" ê khó-lîng-sìng, tī 2004-nî uân-sîng pò-kò. Uì 2005-nî khai-sí tsip-hîng ki-in tsu-liāu-khòo tsip-hîng ki-in tsu-liāu-khòo sian-khu gián-kiù kè-uē, 2006-nî 8-gue̍h soo-tsi̍p1000-miâ kò-àn ê tsu-liāu soo-tsi̍p. 2008-nî 12-gue̍h khai-sí, soo-tsi̍p 8000-miâ kò-àn ê tsu-liāu tsìn-hîng gián-kiù. Tī 2012-nî 1-gue̍h, Tâi-uân jîn-thé sing-bu̍t tsu-liāu-khòo tsìng-sik sîng-li̍p, khai-sí king-iû uē-sing-sú (āu--lâi sing-kik tsò ue-sing hok-li-pōo) hi̍k-huat siat-tì hí-khó, Tsū 10-gue̍h khai-sí siu-àn. Tī 2018-nî 6-gue̍h í-king soo-tsi̍p 10-bān miâ bîn-tsiòng ê tsu-liāu, 2021-nî 8-gue̍h í-king soo-tsi̍p 15-bān miâ bîn-tsiòng ê tsu-liāu, sòo-kì-liōng ta̍t-tio̍h 1.5PB. Teh tsit-ê kî-kan, tiong-gián-īnn thuân-tuī mā kàu kok-tē siat-tì tsū-tiám-tsām hi̍k-tsiá suan-to kè-uē, ka-sok tsu-liāu soo-tsi̍p pīng-tshiánn kóo-lē bîn-tsiòng tsham-ú, iû-î teh kè-uē tsá-kî, bîn-kantuì î-thuân, ki-in tíng-tíng kuan-liām koh bô kóng tsiânn si̍k-sāi, in-tshú tsit-ê kè-uē ê tē-1 suànn jîn-guân pat hông gōo-jīn tsò tsà-phiàn tsi̍p-thuân [en]. Soo-tsi̍p kàu ê kiám-thé ē king-kuè hun-tsong, pōo-hūn tû-tsûn, pōo-hūn sàng-kiám, kiám-giāmpau-kuat ki-pún kiám-giām, thiu-tshú DNA, tsìn-hîng ki-in tīng-sū.\n\nKè-uē bo̍k-piau\n---------------\n\nKè-uēū-kî í 12-nî kî-kan (tsì 2024-nî), soo-tsi̍p 20-bān miâ kiān-khong tsham-ú-tsiá í-ki̍p 10-bān miâ huān-tsiá ê sing-bu̍t kiám-thé, sing-ua̍h hîng-thài, khuân-kíng tsu-sìn, khiān-khong tsōng-hóng; pīng-tshiánn tsìn-hîng tngk-i tui-tsong, luí-tsik kah king-sin, muí 2 tsì 4 nî ē tsú-tōng tui-tsong tsham-ú-tsiá ê sin-thé piàn-huà. Tsik-tshú kiàn-tì sio̍k-ú Tâi-uân ê jîn-thé sing-bu̍t tsu-liāu-khòo, theh-kiong bîn-kan ha̍k-tsiá sin-tshíng sú-iōng, ka-sok sing-i sán-gia̍p huat-tián, ta̍t-tio̍h kái-siān i-liâu tsiàu-kòo ê guân-kíng.\n\nKè-uē sîng-kó\n-------------\n\nTsia̍t-tsí 2021-nî uî-tsí, tsu-liāu-khòo í-king the̍h-kiong sòo-kì hōo tshiau-kuè 180-ê gián-kiù àn, hông sú-iōng teh tshiau-kuè 200-phian gián-kiù lūn-bûn tang-tiong, Luí-tsik tshiau-kuè 1-ik jîn-tshù ê tsu-liāu sik-tshut sú-iōng-liōng. Kî-tiong pau-kuat tsi̍t-hāng tuā-hîng ê tiòng-hong gián-kiù; gián-kiù sú-iōng tshiau-kuè 250-bān miâ tsham-ú-tsiá ê DNA tsu-liāu.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 3 \"臺灣人體生物資料庫 官方網站\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 臺灣人體生物資料庫 官方網站. 2022-11-17 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n2. 1 2 3 山謬 (2021-04-17). \"「從一種藥人人吃，到人人吃適合自己的藥！」Taiwan Biobank 助攻臺灣精準醫療\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 地球圖輯隊. 2022-11-17 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n3. ↑ 劉禹慶 (2015-09-24). \"臺灣人體生物資料庫 離島首站進駐三總\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 自由時報. 2022-11-17 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n4. ↑ 許峻魁 (2020-08-16). \"建置人體生物資料庫 中研院明後兩天宣導\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 金門日報. 2022-11-17 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)}\n5. 1 2 \"北慈生物資料庫平台揭牌 整合數據醫療更精進\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 台北慈濟醫院. 2021-01-14. 2022-11-17 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n6. ↑ 邱書昱 (2022-10-26). \"走訪臺灣人體生物資料庫寶庫 逾17萬人參與 健康大數據待點石成金\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 聯合報. 2022-11-17 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n7. ↑ 林茂榮 (2021-02-03). \"中央研究院攜演譯基金會　打造精準健康國家隊\" (ēng Hôa-gí). 蕃薯藤. 2022-11-17 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n8. ↑ \"中山醫大團隊參與國際中風基因研究　重大突破登上《Nature》期刊\" (ēng Hôa-gí). ETtoday新聞雲. 2022-10-14. 2022-11-17 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Tsà-phiàn tsi̍p-thuân [en] (Humbug)\n* Kok-ka kip jîn-thé sing-bu̍t tsu-liāu-khòo tsíng-ha̍p pîng-tâi (National biobank consortium of Taiwan (NBCT))\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* 臺灣人體生物資料庫 官方網站 (\"Tâi-uân jîn-thé sing-bu̍t tsu-liāu-khòo\" kuann-hong bāng-tsām) (Hàn-gí)\n* 國家級人體生物資料庫整合平台 (Kok-ka kip jîn-thé sing-bu̍t tsu-liāu-khòo tsíng-ha̍p pîng-tâi (NBCT)) (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân jîn-thé seng-bu̍t chu-liāu-khò͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1531,4532,0.337819947043248],"infobox":["
    Tâi-uân jîn-thé sing-bu̍t tsu-liāu-khòo
    Content
    Organisms\nLâng
    Release date\n2012-nî 10-gue̍h 24
    Access
    Website\nTâiuân singbu̍t-khòo
    Miscellaneous
    License\nJîn-thé sing-bu̍t tsu-liāu-khòo kuán-lí tiâu-lē
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4969}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân keng-chè sú** ê kì-chài kap hoat-tián goân-chū toā hâng-hái sî-tāi.17 sé-kí khí, Tâi-oân chiū in-ūi iu-oa̍t chiàn-lio̍k tē-tiám, chiâⁿ-chò Se-au hái-koân kok-ka kēng-cheng saⁿ-cheⁿ ê tiûⁿ-só͘, bô-kú koh chiâⁿ-chò Se-hong kok-ka tùi Tiong-kok, Ji̍t-pún, Lâm-iûⁿ téng só͘-chāi ê keng-bō͘ choán-kè-chām. 1630 nî chì 1945 nî chi-kan, le̍k-keng Tâi-oân Hô Se si̍t-bîn sî-kî, Tēⁿ-sī Ông-tiâu, Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi, Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê Tâi-oân le̍k-sú, sī í keng-chè ûi chú-te̍k; keng-bō͘ keng-chè oa̍h-tāng, mā kap Tâi-oân lông-gia̍p keng-chè bi̍t-chiat kiat-ha̍p kap koan-hē. Lēng-goā, iā khan-liân Tâi-oân pí-kàu te̍k-sû ê thó͘-tē keng-chè oa̍h-tāng, tē-cho͘ koan-hē.\n\nKeng-kòe 1950 nî-tāi, in-ūi Tiong-kok Kok Kiōng Lōe-chiàn ê in-sò͘, ùi Tiong-kok poaⁿ-soá kàu Tâi-oân ê Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chèng-hú tùi Tâi-oân si̍t-si chu-pún chiat-iok ê thó͘-tē keng-chè chèng-chhek.Tī chèng-hú ê sek-tō͘ kan-ū kap kè-ōe hā, 1960 nî-tāi khak-jīm ê kheh-thiaⁿ sī kang-chhiúⁿ ê keng-chè chèng-chhek, tè-chō liáu í tiong-sió khì-gia̍p ûi-chú ê keng-chè hong-hiòng kap lí-liām, lông-gia̍p chhut-sán kap bō͘-e̍k kiat-ha̍p ê seng-sán hêng-thài pī kheng-kang-gia̍p chhú-tāi. Ùi 1966 nî chì 1980 nî, Tâi-oân châi-chèng chiām chhu ún-kiàn, ka-kang chhut-kháu-khu, cha̍p-toā kiàn-siat, cha̍p-jī-toā kiàn-siat, tiān-tēng keng-chè khoài-sok hoat-tián ê ki-chhó͘. 1980 nî-tāi āu, chèng-hú chú-koán tâu-chu hām chiām-chiām kiám-chió ê kok-goā tâu-chu ín-tō ê tōng-thài ê chu-pún-chú-gī keng-chè-thé, chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-oân keng-chè ê chú-te̍k. Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chèng-hú tī keng-chè tiong pān-ián ê kak-sek jū-lâi-jū sè, chē-chē toā-hêng ê kok-iú gîn-hâng kap khì-gia̍p chām-chām su-iú-hoà, chia-ê chèng-chhek hō͘ Tâi-oân tī 1975 nî āu, pêng-kin ta̍k-nî keng-che cheng-tióng ta̍t-tò 8%, pēng oá-khò chhut-kháu tō-hiòng he̍k-tit ê chu-kim, chò-ûi Tâi-oân kang-gia̍p-hoà ê pó-chèng.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân keng-chè sú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1857,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2112}} -{"text":"Tī Tâi-pak-chhī Sìn-gī-khu ê Tiong-iû Tōa-lâu\n**Tâi-oân Tiong-iû Kó͘-hūn Iú-hān Kong-si** (台灣中油股份有限公司), kán-siá **CPC**, kán-chheng **Tiong-iû**, sī Tâi-oân kui-bô͘ siāng tōa ê chio̍h-hòa lêng-goân kong-si; sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Keng-chè-pō͘ ē-kha ê kok-êng sū-gia̍p. Tiong-iû ê sū-gia̍p pán-tô͘ hêng-khòa chio̍h-iû kap thian-jiân-khì ê khai-chhái, liān-chè, sán-phìn hêng-siau téng oân-chéng kiong-èng-liān. 1946 nî tī Tiong-kok Siōng-hái sêng-li̍p, goân-miâ **Tiong-kok Chio̍h-iû Kong-si** (中國石油公司); lo̍h-bóe tī 2007 nî Tân Chúi-píⁿ chèng-hú chip-chèng sî kái-miâ.\n\nTiong-iû tī Tâi-oân ê kok-hāng siat-si, pō͘-hūn goân-té sī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi kiat-sok liáu-āu chiap-siu ha̍p-pèng Tāi Ji̍t-pún Tè-kok Hái-kun Tē-6 Jiân-liāu-chhiúⁿ, Tè-kok Chio̍h-iû (taⁿ ê Kok-chè Chio̍h-iû Khai-hoat Tè-se̍k), Ji̍t-pún Chio̍h-iû (taⁿ ê JXTG Lêng-goân) Ko-hiông Chè-iû-só͘, Ji̍t-pún Chio̍h-iû Sin-tek-chiu Chè-iû-só͘, Tâi-thok Hòa-ha̍k Kang-gia̍p Tu-sek Hōe-siā, Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Thian-jiân Gá-suh Gián-kiù-só͘ téng tan-ūi.\n\nTiong-iû kòe-óng tī Tâi-oân chio̍h-iû-gia̍p sī to̍k-chiàm sū-gia̍p. Tiong-iû le̍k-keng 2 pái chio̍h-iû gûi-ki, hū-chek an-tēng kok-lāi bu̍t-kè ê tiōng-chek tōa-jīm. 1990 nî-tāi khí, Keng-chè-pō͘ khai-hòng bîn-kan tâu-chu chio̍h-iû-gia̍p, Tâi-sok Chi̍p-thoân sêng-li̍p Tâi-sok Chio̍h-hòa hām Tiong-iû kēng-cheng. Tiong-iû bo̍k-chiân chú-iàu ê gia̍p-bū hoān-ûi pau-hâm chio̍h-iû kap thian-jiân-khì ê thàm-kham, khai-hoat, liān-chè, ūn-sàng, kap siau-siū, í-ki̍p chio̍h-iû hòa-ha̍k goân-liāu ê seng-sán kiong-èng, gia̍p-bū siat-si hun-pò͘ choân Tâi-oân. Kin-kì *Thian-hā Cha̍p-chì* 2014 nî ê tiâu-cha, Tiong-iû í êng-gia̍p-gia̍h Sin-tâi-phiò 1-tiāu 1,877-ek îⁿ ê kui-bô͘ miâ-lia̍t Tâi-oân tē-jī tōa khì-gia̍p, tē-it sī Hông-hái Cheng-bi̍t; tī Tâi-oân kok kong-êng sū-gia̍p tiong pâi tē-it, pí pâi tē-jī ê Tâi-oân Tiān-le̍k Kong-si chē Sin-tâi-phiò 5,928-ek îⁿ.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nFlag of the Republic of China Tâi-oân ê kok-êng sū-gia̍p |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Keng-chè-pō͘ chú-koan | Tâi-oân Thn̂g-gia̍p Kong-si **·** Tâi-oân Tiong-iû Kong-si **·** Tâi-oân Tiān-le̍k Kong-si **·** Tâi-oân Chū-lâi-chúi Kong-si |\n| |\n| Châi-chèng-pō͘ chú-koán | Tiong-kok Su-chhut-ji̍p Gîn-hâng **·** Tâi-oân Kim-iông Khòng-kó͘ Kong-si **·** Tâi-oân Thó͘-tē Gîn-hâng **·** Tâi-oân Ian-chiú Kong-si **·** Châi-chèng-pō͘ Ìn-soat-chhiúⁿ |\n| |\n| Kau-thong-pō͘ chú-koán | Tiong-hôa Iû-chèng Kong-si **·** Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘ Koán-lí-kio̍k **·** Tâi-oân Káng-bū Kong-si **·** Thô-hn̂g Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ Kong-si |\n| |\n| Kim-kàm-hōe chú-koán | Tiong-iong Chûn-khoán Pó-hiám Kong-si |\n| |\n| Tiong-iong Gîn-hâng chú-koán | Tiong-iong Chō-pè-chhiúⁿ **·** Tiong-iong Ìn-chè-chhiúⁿ |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Tiong-iû","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[651,2514,0.25894988066825775],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3145}} -{"text":"\n**Tâi-lâm chhī-khu thih-lō͘ tē-hā-hòa kè-ōe** (kán-chheng **Tâi-lâm thih-lō͘ tē-hā-hòa, Lâm-thih tē-hā-hòa**, Hàn-jī: **臺南市區鐵路地下化計畫**) sī chi̍t-ê sio̍k-î Tâi-oân Sin si̍p-tāi kiàn-siat chi-tiong Tâi-thih chia̍t-ūn hòa ê thih-lō͘ kái-kiàn kè-ōe, mā-sī Tiong-hôa-bîn-kok chèng-hú tī Tâi-pak thih-lō͘ tē-hā-hòa choan-àn kap Ko-hiông chhī-khu thih-lō͘ tē-hā-hòa kè-ōe í-āu chip-hêng ê tē-saⁿ-ê thih-lō͘ tē-hā-hòa hē-thóng, keng-hùi ū Sin-tâi-phiò 293.6 ek, ū 3 ê tē-hā chhia-thâu: Tâi-lâm, Lîm-sim hām Lâm Tâi-lâm. Goân-pún ī-tēng 2017 nî 12 goe̍h oân-kang, m̄-koh in-ūi kè-ōe ín-khí pō͘-hūn thiah-chhian-hō͘ hoán-tùi, só͘-í iân-āu kàu 2017 nî 3 goe̍h 15 hō chèng-sek tāng-kang. Bo̍k-chiân tī-leh si-kang, ū-kè tē-it kai-tōaⁿ kang-têng tī 2022 nî 12 goe̍h oân-kang.\n\nKè-ōe lō͘-sòaⁿ\n--------------\n\nTâi-lâm chhī-khu thih-lō͘ tē-hā-hòa kè-ōe ê khí-tiám tī Pó-an Chhia-thâu í-pak 2.8 kong-lí, chiong-tiám tī Tōa-kiô Chhia-thâu í-lâm 1.3 kong-lí, lóng-chóng ū 8.55 kong-lí tn̂g. Tû-liáu chit-má ê Tâi-lâm Chhia-thâu piàn-chò tē-hā chhia-thâu í-gōa, koh-ē khoe-ho̍k Lâm Tâi-lâm Chhia-thâu kap cheng-thiam Lîm-sim Chhia-thâu chóng-kiōng 2 ê khu-kan thong-khîn chhia-thâu. Thih-lō͘ tē-hā-hòa liáu-āu, Tâi-lâm Kū Chhia-thâu ē lâu--lo̍h-lâi chò kó͘-chek kap phòe-ha̍p hù-kīn ê thih-tō bûn-hòa chu-sán kái-chò Thih-tō bûn-hòa hn̂g-khu. Tâi-lâm sin Chhia-thâu ē poaⁿ-khì Chiân-hong-lō͘ hām Pak-mn̂g-lō͘ lō͘-kháu tang-pêng hù-kīn (goân-pún sī Tâi-thih Tâi-lâm Chhia-thâu thih-ki kó͘-tō, kū chhia-thâu ê tang-pêng).","meta":{"title":"Tâi-lâm chhī-khu thih-lō͘ tē-hā-hòa kè-ōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[408,1900,0.21473684210526317],"infobox":["
    Tâi-lâm chhī-khu thih-lō͘ tē-hā-hòa kè-ōe
    Ki-pún chu-liāu
    Kî-thaⁿ miâ\n臺南市區鐵路地下化計畫
    Chōng-hóng\nTī-leh heng-kiàn
    Êng-ūn tē-khu\n\"\" Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok (Tâi-oân)Tâi-lâm-chhī
    Khí-tiám
    Chiong-tiám    		\nPó-an Chhia-thâu
    Chhia-chām\n6
    Ho̍k-bū
    Ho̍k-bū lūi-hêng\nTâi-thih, Kheh-ūn
    Êng-ūn tan-ūi\nTâi-oân Thih-lō͘ Koán-lí-kio̍k
    Le̍k-sú
    Ki-su̍t
    Kúi-tō piau-chún\n1,067 hô-bí (chek-kúi)
    Sok-tō͘\n150km/h
    \n\n\n\n
    Lō͘-sòaⁿ-tô͘
    \n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1717}} -{"text":"\n**Itbayat** sī Hui-li̍p-pin Batanes séng ē-té ê hêng-chèng-khu, i-ê chú tó Itbayat Tó mā sī séng lāi siāng tōa ê tó-sū, só͘-chāi tī Hui-li̍p-pin oa̍h pak, lî Tâi-oân tāi-iok 200 kong-lí.\n\nItbayat ê jîn-kháu ū 2,867 lâng, biān-chek 83.13 pêng-hong kong-lí. Itbayat só͘ koán ê tó-sū tû-liáu chú tó, iá ū Diogo, Siayan, Maysanga, Mabudis, North, kap Mavulis (mā kiò Y'ami), in sī Hui-li̍p-pin siān oa̍h pak ê kûn-tó.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTī Itbayat tó ê Torongan kap Reranum ê soaⁿ-tōng, ū hoat-kiàn tāi-kài 3000 kàu 4000 nî chêng ê ûi-chek.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Peter Bellwood, Eusebio Dizon and Armand Mijares (2013). \"Archaeological Excavations on Itbayat and Siayan Islands\". *4000 Years of Migration and Cultural Exchange*. ANU E Press.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Batanes Séng |\n| --- |\n| |\n| **Basco** (siú-to͘) |\n| |\n| Tē-hng (*bayan*) | \n* Basco\n* Itbayat\n* Ivana\n* Mahatao\n* Sabtang\n* Uyugan\n\n |\n| |\n| Siā-lí (*barangay*) | *Khòaⁿ: Batanes ê barangay lia̍t-toaⁿ* |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Itbayat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[302,813,0.3714637146371464],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1161}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân bîn-chú-hòa** (臺灣民主化) sī Tâi-oân iû hui-bîn-chú chèng-thé choán-hêng kàu chū-iû bîn-chú chè-tō͘ ê kòe-têng, kî-tiong pau-koat í tui-kiû bîn-chú-hòa kap kióng-kò͘ bîn-chú ûi bo̍k-piau ê siā-hōe ūn-tōng kap chèng-tī kái-kek, iû-kî sī 1980 nî-tāi bóe-kî tī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok thé-chè hā thui-sak ê bîn-chú-hòa chhò͘-si (lêng-chēng kek-bēng). Tī It-bī Chiàn-cheng kî-kan, bat sêng-li̍p Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok, tān-sī pēng bô kiàn-li̍p bîn-chú chèng-thé. Tui-kiû bîn-chú chèng-thé ê ūn-tōng, siāng-chá khí-goân tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi, Tâi-oân-lâng iau-kiû beh ài hām Ji̍t-pún-lâng pêng-téng ê chèng-tī bîn-chú khoân-lī. Kàu Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok sî-kî, siāng-chá ū Jī-jī-pat sū-kiāⁿ, lo̍h-bóe chìn-ji̍p ê kài-giâm sî-tāi hoat-seng chi̍t hē-lia̍t ê chèng-tī khòng-cheng, pau-koat tóng-gōa ūn-tōng, Kiô-thâu sū-kiāⁿ, Tiong-le̍k sū-kiāⁿ, Bí-lē-tó sū-kiāⁿ téng, chòe-āu Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú tī 1987 kái-giâm, jiân-āu kái-tû tóng-kìm, Kok-bîn Tāi-hōe kap Li̍p-hoat-īⁿ choân-bīn kái-soán, chiàⁿ-hù chóng-thóng kái chò ti̍t-soán, phōaⁿ-sûi chē pái siu-hiàn, kiàn-siat chit-má Tâi-oân chū-iû bîn-chú ê chèng-tī thé-chè.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân bîn-chú-hòa","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1136,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1283}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân-hú** (臺灣府) sī tī Tâi-oân Chheng-kok sî-tāi khai-sí siat-tì ê hú. Éng-le̍k cha̍p-gō͘ nî (1661 nî), Tēⁿ Sêng-kong siat-tì Sêng-thian-hú, Éng-le̍k saⁿ-cha̍p-chhit nî (1683 nî), Tēⁿ Khek-sóng hiàn-kok kui-sūn Tāi-chheng, kek-tńg-tang Khong-hi jī-cha̍p-saⁿ nî (1684 nî), kái Sêng-thian-hú chò Tâi-oân-hú. 1885 nî Tâi-oân kiàn-séng chìn-chêng,Tâi-oân-hú sī Chheng-kok sî-tāi ê Tâi-oân tē-hng hêng-chèng ê lōe-chèng siōng-koân thóng-tī koaⁿ-sú gê-mn̂g, ūi-tī kin-á-ji̍t ê Tâi-lâm-chhī, só͘-í Tâi-oân mā sī Tâi-lâm ê kū-miâ, kàu-taⁿ, Tâi-lâm lâng iáu-sī í hù-siâⁿ chū-ki.\n\n1875 nî siat Tâi-pak-hú liáu-āu, Tâi-oân-hú sok-sió koán-hat hoān-ûi chì Tiong Tâi-oân kap Lâm Tâi-oân; 1885 nî Tâi-oân kiàn-séng, 1887 nî siat Tâi-lâm-hú liáu-āu, Tâi-oân-hú sok-sió koán-hat hoān-ûi chì Tâi-oân tiong-pō͘，pēng chiong i-ê sū-bū choán-î chì Hok-kiàn Tâi-oân Sêng-soan Pò͘-chèng-sù-su.\n\nTâi-oân-hú ê chú-koaⁿ sī Tâi-oân Ti-hú, kiàn-séng chêng-āu hun-pia̍t siū Tâi-oân-tō, Hok-kiàn Tâi-oân Pò͘-chèng-sú kap Hok-kiàn Tâi-oân Sûn-hú téng koaⁿ-chit chè-iok. 1895 nî, Tâi-oân pī Chheng-kok chèng-hú i-chiàu Má-koan Tiâu-iok koah-jiōng hō͘ Tāi Ji̍t-pún Tè-kok liáu-āu, Tâi-oân-hú put-chài siat-tì.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nChheng léng Tâi-oân ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| 1683 nî ~ 1895 nî |\n| |\n| \n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Tâi-hā-tō sî-kî |\n| |\n| 1 hú 3 koān(1684 ~ 1723) | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tâi-oân-hú | \n* Tâi-oân-koān\n* Chu-lô-koān\n* Hōng-soaⁿ-koān\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| \n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Tâi-oân-tō sî-kî |\n| |\n| 1 hú 4 koān 3 thiaⁿ(1723 ~ 1875) | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tâi-oân-hú | \n* Tâi-oân-koān\n* Chu-lô-koān\n\t+ Ka-gī-koān\n* Hōng-soaⁿ-koān\n* Chiong-hoà-koān\n* Phêⁿ-ô͘-thiaⁿ\n* Tām-chúi-thiaⁿ\n* Kat-má-lân-thiaⁿ\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| 2 hú 8 koān 5 thiaⁿ(1875 ~ 1887) | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tâi-pak-hú | \n* Tām-chúi-koān\n* Sin-tek-koān\n* Gî-lân-koān\n* Ke-lâng-thiaⁿ\n\n |\n| |\n| Tâi-oân-hú | \n* Tâi-oân-koān\n* Hōng-soaⁿ-koān\n* Hêng-chhun-koān\n* Ka-gī-koān\n* Chiong-hoà-koān\n* Po͘-lí-siā-thiaⁿ\n* Pi-lâm-thiaⁿ\n* Phêⁿ-ô͘-thiaⁿ\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| \n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Hok-kiàn Tâi-oân-séng sî-kî |\n| |\n| 3 hú 1 chiu 11 koān 4 thiaⁿ(1887 ~ 1895) | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tâi-pak-hú | \n* Tām-chúi-koān\n* Sin-tek-koān\n* Gî-lân-koān\n* Ke-lâng-thiaⁿ\n* Lâm-ngá-thiaⁿ\n\n |\n| |\n| Tâi-oân-hú | \n* Tâi-oân-koān\n* Chiong-hoà-koān\n* Hûn-lîm-koān\n* Biâu-le̍k-koān\n* Po͘-lí-siā-thiaⁿ\n\n |\n| |\n| Tâi-lâm-hú | \n* An-pêng-koān\n* Hōng-soaⁿ-koān\n* Hêng-chhun-koān\n* Ka-gī-koān\n* Phêⁿ-ô͘-thiaⁿ\n\n |\n| |\n| Tâi-tang Ti̍t-lē-chiu | - |\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân-hú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[904,2078,0.43503368623676614],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3187}} -{"text":"\n***Liâng-kiong Chhun-ji̍t Hē-lia̍t*** (Hàn-jī: 涼宮春日系列, Li̍t-gú：涼宮ハルヒシリーズ *Suzumiya Haruhi sirîzu*), sī ùi *Liâng-kiong Chhun-ji̍t ê Iu-ut* (-憂鬱) khai-sí--ê 1 pho (部) Ji̍t-pún kheng-siáu-soat (輕小說). Chok-chiá sī Tanigawa Nagaru (谷川流, Tanigawa Nagaru). I chū 2003 nî kai-sí liân-chài (連載), bo̍k-chêng í-keng ū 10 phiⁿ. Sió-soat ê piau-tê lóng sī *Liâng-kiong Chhun-jit ê XX* (XX lóng ēng 2 ê jī tiân-ji̍p). Kò͘-sù si í Liâng-kiong Chhun-jit léng-tō ê SOS Thoân (團) ûi tiong-sim.\n\nThâu-phiⁿ (頭篇) chiâⁿ sìu hoan-gêng. Ū kái-chò tiān-sī tong-oē, bàng-gah, tiān-chú iû-hì kap tiān-íaⁿ. Kok-chhoan Liû mā khò che tit tē 8 kài (屆) Sneaker Toā-sióng (-大賞), chit phō chheh mā chiap-soà soán-chò Chit Pún Kheng-siáu-soat Chim Lī-hāi! chêng 10 miâ jîn-khì (人氣) chok-phín. Chiáⁿ-thé Tiong-bûn pán si Tâi-oân Kak-chhoan (台灣角川) chhut-pán, Hiong-káng hō͘ Kak-chhoan Chiu-li̍p (-洲立) siau-siū (銷售). Kan-thé-jī-pán ê thâu 9 chheh (冊) ê pán-khoân hō͘ Siōng-hái E̍k-bûn Chhut-pán-siā (上海譯文出版社), kî-thaⁿ hō͘ Thian-bûn Kak-chhoan (天聞-) hoat-hêng, Ô͘-lâm Bí-su̍t Chhut-pán-siā chhut-pán.\n\nKò-sù kài-siāu\n--------------\n\n\"Goá tuì phó-thong ê lâng bô hèng-chhù. Lín nā-sī ū goā-chheⁿ-lâng (外星人), bí-lâi-jîn, ī-sè-kài-lâng (異世界- ), chhiau-lêng-le̍k-chiá (超能力者), tio̍h lâi chhē goá. Í-siōng...\"\n\nTú khai-ha̍k, Liâng-kiong Chhun-ji̍t tio̍h hiah toā-táⁿ. Chē i thâu-chêng ê cha-po͘ tông-o̍h A-hi (阿虛), mā bat án-ne siūⁿ, tān-sī pàng-sak--ah. m̄-koh Liông-kiong chèng-keng--ê thāi-tō͘ mā khip-ín i koan-chhat (觀察). Kiat-kok 1 kù oē ho͘ i khan-tio̍h chi̍t-ê pì-bi̍t thoân-thé－SOS thoân, koh ū goā-chheⁿ-lâng (外星人), bī-lâi-jîn, ī-sè-kài-lâng, chhiau-lêng-le̍k-chiá téng ê khá-koài (巧怪) ê tāi-chì... Liâng-kiong Chhun-ji̍t ū kái-piàn sè-kài ê châi-tiāu, tān-sī SOS thoân ê lâng siūⁿ-lō͘ bô-ài hō͘ i chai, in-ūi bô ài kan-gāi (干礙) sè-kài ê kui-lu̍t.\n\nJîn-but kài-siāu\n----------------\n\n### SOS Thoân\n\nA-hi **(阿虛),** Kyon **(キョン）**\nLâm-chú-kak. Kiong sī i ê phian-miâ. I chin gâu kā lâng thuh-chhàu.\nSuzumiya Haruhi (Liâng-kiong Chhun-jit) **(涼宮春日, 涼宮 ハルヒ (すずみや はるひ))**\nLú-chú-kak. Sī chi̍t-ê chin ū oa̍h-la̍t koh chin káu-koài ê cha-bó͘ gín-á.\nNagato Yuki (Tiông-bûn Iú-hi) **(長門 有希 (ながと ゆき))**\nAsahina Mikuru (Chiau-pí-nāi Sip-kiú-liû) **(朝比奈實千瑠，朝比奈 (あさひな) みくる）**\nKoizumi Ituki (Kó͘-choâⁿ It-sū) **(古泉 一樹 (こいずみ いつき))**\n### Kita Ko-hāu\n\nAsakura Ryôko (Chiau-chhng Liông-chú) **(朝倉 涼子 (あさくら りょうこ))**\nTuruya (Ho̍h-ok ha̍k-chí) **(鶴屋 (つるや)さん)**\nTaniguti (Kok-kháu) **(谷口 (たにぐち))**\nKunikida (Kok-bo̍k-tiân) **(国木田 (くにきだ))**\nSaeki Mizuho (Chò-phek Suī-suī) **(佐伯 瑞穂 (さえき みずほ))**\nSuzuki (Lêng-bo̍k) Miharu **(鈴木 (すずき) みはる)**\nSenô Kaori (Loā-lêng Ka-chit) **(瀬能佳織 (せのう かおり))**\nOkabe (Kong-pō͘) Lāu-su **(岡部先生 (おかべせんせい))**\nSakanaka Yosimi (Pán-tiong Ka-si̍t) **(阪中 佳実 (さかなか よしみ))**\nTiān-náu-gêng-kiú-hoē hoē-tiúⁿ\nKimidori Emiri (Hí-lio̍k Kang-bí-lí) **(喜緑 江美里 (きみどり えみり))**\nHa̍k-seng-hōe hoē-tiúⁿ\n　\n\n### Kî-thaⁿ\n\n#### A-hi ê siong-kan lâng\n\nA-hi ê sió-mōe **(キョンの妹)**\nShamisen (Sam-bī-sòaⁿ) **(三味線, (シャミセン (しゃみせん))**\nNakagawa (Tiong-hô) **(中河 (なかがわ))**\nYosimura Miyoko (Kiat-chhun Bí-tāi-chú) **(吉村 美代子 (よしむら みよこ))**\nSasaki (Chò-chò-bo̍k) **(佐々木 (ささき))**\nOkamoto (Kong-pún) **(岡本 (おかもと))**\n#### \"Ki-koan\" ê siong-kan lâng\n\nTamaru Keiiti **(多丸 圭一 (たまる けいいち))**\nTamaru Yutaka **(多丸 裕 (たまる ゆたか))**\nMori Sonô **(森 園生 (もり そのう))**\nArakawa **(新川 (あらかわ))**\nTatibana Kyôko **(橘 京子 (たちばな きょうこ))**\n#### Bī-lâi-jîn\n\nHakase-kun (Ba̍k-kiàⁿ sió-tī) **(ハカセくん)**\nHuziwara **(藤原 (ふじわら))**\n#### Goā-chheⁿ-lâng\n\nSuô Kuyô **(周防 九曜 (すおう くよう))**\n#### Chhù-iàu jîn-bu̍t\n\nKoán-lí-lâng\nÔmori Eizirô **(大森 栄二郎 (おおもり えいじろう))**\nYamatuti Keizi **(山土 啓治 (やまつち けいじ))**\nMorimura Kiyosumi **(森村 清純 (もりむら きよすみ))**\nSuzuki Yûsuke **(鈴木 雄輔 (すずき ゆうすけ))**\n\nBàng-gah\n--------\n\n### *Liâng-kiong Chhun-ji̍t ê Iu-ut*\n\nTē 1 ūi bàng-gah chok-chiá oē ê kò͘-sū hām goân-chok cha siuⁿ chē--ah, só͘-í Kak-chhoan Bûn-khò͘ koat-tēng ài oāⁿ chi̍t-ê lâng oē.\n\nTōng-oē\n-------\n\nTōng-oē *Liâng-kiong Chhun-ji̍t ê Iu-ut* iû Kiaⁿ-to͘ Tōng-ōe chè-chok, ùi 2004 nî 4 goe̍h khai-sí hòng-sàng.\n\nTiān-iáⁿ\n--------\n\n*Liâng-kiong Chhun-ji̍t ê Siau-sit* iû Kiaⁿ-to͘ Tōng-ōe chè-chok, 2010 nî 2 goe̍h 6 hō khai-sí tī Ji̍t-pún ê hì-īⁿ hòng-sàng.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n*Chit Pún Khin-sió-soat Chin Lī-hāi!* chok-phín pō͘-mn̂g thâu-miâ |\n| --- |\n| |\n| 2000 nî-tāi | 05 *Liâng-kiong Chhun-ji̍t Hē-lia̍t* (Tanigawa Nagaru) | 06 *Hì-giân Hē-lia̍t* (Nisio Isin) | 07 *Lông kap Sin-hiong-liāu* (Hasekura Isuna) | 08 *Full Metal Panic!* (Gatô Shôzi) | 09 *\"Bûn-ha̍k Siàu-lí\" Hē-lia̍t* (Nomura Mizuki) |\n| |\n| 2010 nî-tāi | 10 *Tòng-gōng, Chhek-giām, Tiàu-hoàn-siù* (Inoue Kenzi) | 11 *Mô͘-hoat Kìm-su Bo̍k-lo̍k* (Kamati Kazuma) | 12 · 13 *Sword Art Online* (Kawahara Reki) | 14 · 15 · 16 *Kó-jiân Góan Chheⁿ-chhun Loân-ài Hí-kio̍k Pì-chhò liáu.* (Watari Wataru)\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Bûn-khò͘ pō͘-mn̂g | \n* 17 · 18 *Ryûô no Osigoto!* (Siratori Siro)\n* 19 *Sabikui Bisuko* (Kobukubo Sinzi)\n\n |\n| |\n| Tan-hêng-pún pō͘-mn̂g | \n* 17 *Overload* (Maruyama Kugane)\n* 18 · 19 *Honzuki no Gekokuzyô* (Kazuki Miya)\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Suzumiya Haruhi Hē-lia̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[687,4349,0.15796734881581972],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5957}} -{"text":"**Ò-chiu Eng-gí** (*Australian English*) sī seng-oa̍h tī Ò-chiu ê lâng só͘ sú-iōng ê Eng-gí hong-giân, i-ê khiuⁿ-kháu to̍k-te̍k, hām Eng-kok Eng-gí kap Bí-kok Eng-gí ū chē-chē bô-kāng, siong-tùi khah chiap-kīn New Zealand Eng-gí. Sui-bóng Ò-chiu ê hiàn-hoat pēng bô kui-tēng koaⁿ-hong giân-gí, m̄-koh Ò-chiu Eng-gí sī Ò-chiu si̍t-chè-siōng ê koaⁿ-hong giân-gí, iā sī tōa-pō͘-hūn Ò-chiu-lâng ê bó-gí. 1788 nî Sin Lâm Wales si̍t-bîn-tē kiàn-li̍p liáu-āu, Ò-chiu Eng-gí ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á ùi Eng-kok Eng-gí hun-lī chhut-lâi. 1820 nî khí, i pī jīn-ûi hām Eng-kok Eng-gí bô-kāng. Chò-ûi chi̍t chióng to̍k-te̍k ê hong-giân, Ò-chiu Eng-gí tī sû-lūi, khiuⁿ-kháu, hoat-im, gí-hoat kap pheng-siá téng hong-bīn hām kî-thaⁿ Eng-gí hong-giân bô-kāng.\n\nIân-sin oa̍t-tho̍k\n------------------\n\n* Korhonen, Minna (2017). *Perspectives on the Americanisation of Australian English: A Sociolinguistic Study of Variation* (PhD. thesis). University of Helsinki. ISBN 978-951-51-3559-9.\n* Mitchell, Alexander G. (1995). *The Story of Australian English.* Sydney: Dictionary Research Centre.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Australian National Dictionary Centre\n* Ozwords—free newsletter from the Australian National Dictionary Centre, which includes articles on Australian English\n* Australian Word Map at the ABC—documents regionalisms\n* R. Mannell, F. Cox and J. Harrington (2009), An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology, Macquarie University\n* Aussie English for beginners—the origins, meanings and a quiz to test your knowledge at the National Museum of Australia.","meta":{"title":"Ò-chiu Eng-gí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[635,1385,0.4584837545126354],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1651}} -{"text":"**Phek-le̍k Pò͘-tē-hì** (霹靂布袋戲) sī Tâi-oân ùi 1980 nî-tāi khai-sí sin hoat-tián chhut-lâi ê chi̍t-chióng tiān-sī pò͘-tē-hì, lē-sio̍k Phek-le̍k Kok-chè To-mûi-thé; iû táng-sū-tiúⁿ N̂g Kiông-hoâ kap hù-táng-sū-tiúⁿ N̂g Bûn-te̍k só͘ léng-tō chè-chok. Lōe-iông chhái-chhú tn̂g-phiⁿ tan-goân-kio̍k ê hong-sek lâi ián-chhut, ta̍k-chi̍t chhut kio̍k-chi̍p miâ-chheng ê thâu-chêng lóng siá \"Phek-le̍k\" 2-jī.\n\nBo̍k-chiân, Phek-le̍k Pò͘-tē-hì sī Phek-le̍k Kok-chè To-mûi-thé chú-táⁿ ê chok-phín, mā sī kong-si chú-iàu ê hêng-siōng lâi-goân. Hì-chhut tiong ê jîn-bu̍t Sò͘-hôan-chin, It-ia̍p-su kap Ia̍p Sió-the sī Phek-le̍k Tâi-oân Tâi ê tô͘-siōng siong-phiau. In-ūi Phek-le̍k Pò͘-tē-hì khip-ín liáu kóng-tāi ê koan-chiòng, hō͘ hì-chhut tiong ê chú-iàu jîn-bu̍t chiâⁿ-chò bē-chió koan-chiòng ê ngó͘-siōng. I-ê chiu-piⁿ siong-phín pau-hâm ang-á, kio̍k-chi̍p goân-siaⁿ-tài, tiān-náu, soàⁿ-téng iû-hì kap kî-thaⁿ jîn-bu̍t siong-phín.","meta":{"title":"Phek-le̍k Pò͘-tē-hì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,943,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1062}} -{"text":"Phang-bi̍t.\n**Phang-bi̍t** sī 1 khoán e̍k-thé ê chia̍h-mi̍h, sī bi̍t-phang iōng hoe-bi̍t chè-chō--ê. Chò-hó liáu-āu, bi̍t-phang ē kā phang-bi̍t siu-khǹg tī phang-siū--ni̍h. Phang-bi̍t sī tiⁿ--ê, ē-sái ēng lâi tāi-thè thn̂g.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nPhang-bi̍t ū hông kì-chài tī Chut Ai-ki̍p Kì lāi-té, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kap hō͘ lâng hoaⁿ-hí kap sóng-sîn ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ chò liân-sióng. Tī Sèng-keng lāi-té, Siōng-tè ín hō͘ Í-sek-lia̍t-lâng ê thó͘-tē tō kiò-chò Lâu Leng kap Bi̍t ê Tē. Qur’an lāi-té mā ū kóng-tio̍h bi̍t, mā ēng lâi phì-jū hó mi̍h kap pháiⁿ mi̍h.\n\nLâi-goân\n--------\n\nBi̍t tō chhan-chhiūⁿ chiú, ū chē-chē bô-kâng ê chióng-lūi, koh sûi-ê ê chu-bī, sek-chúi kap liāu-sin lóng bô-kâng. Chi̍t-koá khah sù-siông ê chióng-lūi sī bi̍t-phang ēng kim-hoe-chhài ê hoe-hún chò--ê. Chiah-ê bi̍t khah khó koh i ê sek-chúi kap pa̍t-ê pí sǹg tiong-tiong-á, nā chiap-chhiok khong-khì, ē khah gâu gêng chò kò͘-thé.\n\nSiù-kiû-hoe hit lūi--ê mā hō͘ phang the̍h-lâi chò koh 1 khoán tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ khoàiⁿ ê phang-bi̍t. Koh ū chi̍t-koá hoe, pí-lūn moá-soaⁿ-âng kap tō͘-koan-hoe, ē hō͘ chò--chhut-lâi ê bi̍t ū to̍k, lâng chia̍h-liáu ū pāi-hāi, m̄-koh bi̍t-phang tō bô siū éng-hióng. Lâng nā chia̍h-tio̍h chit lūi ê phang-bi̍t, tō ná chia̍h-tio̍h bê-hoàn-che, kiâⁿ-pàng ē bô tiāⁿ-tio̍h koh sit-khì khòng-chè.\n\nSú-iōng\n-------\n\n* Phang-bi̍t ka-jia̍t pēng bōe sán-seng to̍k-sò͘, só͘-í ē-sái ēng tī hong-pôe kap sio ê ím-liāu, m̄-koh ko-un ē hō͘ tōa-pō͘-hūn ê êng-ióng sêng-hūn cho-siū phò-hoāi. Thong-siông bô kiàn-gī án-ne sú-iōng.\n* Siāng kán-tan ê sī iōng peng-chúi ia̍h-sī siông-un chúi phàu chò ím-liāu, mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ tī mī-pau ia̍h-sī hang-piáⁿ téng ti̍t-chiap tô͘-boah.\n* Ū-sî-chūn mā chò-ûi ka-pi ia̍h-sī âng-tê téng ê ím-liāu tiong tāi-thè thn̂g chò-ûi tiâu-bī-phín sú-iōng. Phang-bi̍t ê chú-iàu sêng-hūn chi-it sī kó-thn̂g, tī ko-un sî bô iông-e̍k kám-kak tio̍h tiⁿ-bī, só͘-í tī sio ê ím-liāu tiong thiⁿ-ka phang-bi̍t sî ài chù-ì m̄-thang kòe-liōng.\n* Hang ê sî-chūn ka-ji̍p phang-bi̍t, tiⁿ-bī kap sek-tī ē koh-khah hó.\n* Tī i-io̍h siōng, ē-tàng iōng tī tī-liâu ka-sàu. Chò-ûi gōa-iōng io̍h-á, phang-bi̍t ē-tàng chhiok-chìn siong-kháu jū-ha̍p, tī-liâu khùi-siong.\n\n在醫藥上，可以用於治療咳嗽[4]。作為外用藥，蜂蜜可以促進傷口癒合，治療潰瘍。\n在中藥上，常與中藥材的粉末一起作成蜜丸，稱為蜜煉。蜂蜜炒乾後作為栓劑，可治療便秘；內服有潤燥通便的療效，但也能緩和瀉藥（大黃、芒硝）的瀉下之力。\n從蜂巢中搾取蜂蜜後剩下的蜂巢的主要材料是蜂蠟，由工蜂所分泌，用來製作蜂巢。蜂蠟可以用來作為蠟燭，塗料等的原料。","meta":{"title":"Phang-bi̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[857,2464,0.34780844155844154],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2831}} -{"text":"Liû-hông-tó Chiàn-ia̍h ê tiûⁿ-kéng\n**Liû-hông-tó Chiàn-ia̍h** (Eng: **Battle of Iwo Jima**; Ji̍t: **硫黄島の戦い**) sī Bí-kok kap Ji̍t-pún siang-hong tī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Chiàn-cheng lāi ê chi̍t tiûⁿ chiàn-ia̍h, ùi 1945 nî 2 goe̍h 19 hō sio-chiàn kàu 3 goe̍h 26 hō ûi-chí. Liû-hông-tó Chiàn-ia̍h sī Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Chiàn-cheng lāi siōng-kài kek-lia̍t ê kî-tiong chi̍t tiûⁿ chiàn-tò͘; tī chiàn-tò͘ ê kî-kan, Ji̍t-pún kun-tūi ngē-siú Liû-hông-tó, tān-sī chòe-āu iáu-sī khì-hō͘ Bí-kun kong-chiàm. Tī chiàn-tò͘ tiong, Bí-kun lóng-chóng hi-seng 6,821 lâng; Ji̍t-pún ê 22,786 ūi peng-á, tû-liáu 1,083 khì-hō͘ Bí-kun oa̍h-lia̍h, chhun-ê tiō lóng-chóng tīn-bông. Chit chhù chiàn-tò͘ liáu-āu, Bí-kun kā Liû-hông-tó kiàn-siat chò chiàn-tò͘-ki ê ki-tiûⁿ, ūi B-29 hō͘-hâng, tōa-tōa thê-seng Bí-kok tùi Ji̍t-pún chèng-tī kiam kang-gia̍p hu̍t-sim ê Tang-kiaⁿ ê chiàn-lio̍k hong-chà ê hāu-lu̍t.","meta":{"title":"Liû-hông-tó Chiàn-ia̍h","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,910,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1044}} -{"text":"**Phang-o-chu** he̍k kiò-chò **phang-siū-eng** (Hàn-jī: 蜂窩疽, 蜂岫癰; Hôa-gí: 蜂窩性組織炎; Eng-gí: cellulitis) sī phôe-hā cho·-chit ê kám-jiám. Tī hián-bî-kiàⁿ ē-té, phôe-hā cho·-chit ê pâi-lia̍t khòaⁿ--khí-lâi ná-chhin-chhiūⁿ phang-siū, só·-í kā kiò-chò phang-o-chu he̍k phang-siū-eng.\n\nPhang-siū-eng tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hoat-seng tī phôe-hu ū khang-chhùi ê sî, sè-khún keng-kòe khang-chhùi chhim-ji̍p chin-phôe-chân kap phôe-hā cho·-chit, sek-hòng to̍k-sò·, tiàm cho·-chit khang-phāng lāi chu-seng, ín-khí cho·-chit hoat-iām, siāng-bêng-hián ê chèng-chōng sī kio̍k-pō· phôe-hu ê hoat-âng, chéng-tiùⁿ, sio-jia̍t, kap thàng-thiàⁿ. Só·-kóng ê hoat-âng sī khang-chhùi kap hū-kīn piáu-bīn pìⁿ-chiâⁿ pí chèng-siông phôe-hu khah-âng; chéng-tiùⁿ sī kóng siū-siong ê só·-chaī lio̍h-lio̍h-á koân--khí-lâi; sio-jia̍t sī kóng bong-khí-lâi pí kî-thaⁿ khu-he̍k khah sio-lō; thàng-thiàⁿ sī kóng kha̍p--tio̍h ē thiàⁿ. \n\nNā-bô liâm-piⁿ tī-lâu, kám-jiám ē chhim-ji̍p ki-bah kin-mo̍h, tì-sú hāi-sú-sèng kin-mo̍h-iām (壞死性筋膜炎). Khai-hòng-sèng gōa-siong, hiang-káng-kha, bán-chhùi-khí, thn̂g-jiō-pēⁿ, thiàⁿ-hong, koaⁿ-ngē-hòa, kap bián-e̍k-la̍t khah-bái ê hoān-chiá khah-gâu hoat-seng chit-khoán chèng-thâu. Lēng-gōa, lāu-hòe-á, êng-ióng-put-liông, tōa-kho·-pé, kap kio̍k-pō· hiat-sioh sûn-khoân bái ê hoān-chiá mā-sī chit-khóan chèng-thâu ê ko-hong-hiám cho̍k-kûn.","meta":{"title":"Phang-siū-eng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1378,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1540}} -{"text":"**É-á-châi** (矮仔財), pún-miâ **Cheng Hok-châi** (鐘福財), gē-miâ **Tiuⁿ Hok-châi** (張福財), sī Tâi-oân ê chi̍t ūi tiān-iáⁿ kiam tiān-sī ián-oân.\n\nSeng-pêng\n---------\n\n1934 nî, É-á-châi bat hām Tâi-oân chē ūi koa-chhiú tàu-tīn chē-chûn kàu Ji̍t-pún Tang-kiaⁿ lo̍k-chè chhiúⁿ-poâⁿ. Che iā sī i ûi-it chi̍t pái hām Kó͘-lûn-bí-a Chhiùⁿ-phìⁿ ha̍p-chok, lóng-chóng koàn-chè liáu 5 tiâu chok-phín. Lo̍h-bóe tńg-lâi Tâi-oân kái í pún-miâ \"Hok-châi\" hoat-piáu *Thî-chhió In-iân* (啼笑姻緣), *Sa Chí-mōe* (三姊妹), *Khái-soân-sû* (凱旋詞), *Hôe-sióng Chêng-sú* (回想情史) kap *Hong-liû Tân-saⁿ* (風流陳三) téng chok-phín.\n\n1956 nî khí, i khai-sí hip tiān-iáⁿ, chú-iàu iáⁿ-chhut Tâi-gí tiān-iáⁿ. Sán-sè ê i chia̍p hām ióng-chòng ê Lêng-lêng í-kip kiâⁿ sin-sū lō͘-soàⁿ ê Hò͘-táu sio-tàu ián hí-kio̍k; siōng-kài chhut-miâ ê kî-kan tāi-iok sī 1956 chì 1960 nî chi-kan. Kin-kì thóng-kè, i chham-ú ián-chhut ê tiān-iáⁿ chì-chió ū 200 phō chó-iū.\n\n1970 nî, Tâi-gí-phìⁿ boa̍t-lo̍h, É-á-châi, Lêng-lêng kap Hò͘-táu tī Hâu Sè-hông ê thui-chiàn hā, ji̍p Tiong-sī chò ki-pún ián-oân, lóng-chóng ián-chhut 20-goā phō ê tiān-sī-kio̍k.\n\n1991 nî, É-á-châi tit-tio̍h Hêng-chèng-īⁿ Sin-bûn-kio̍k só͘ pan-hoat ê \"Hí-kio̍k Thài-tó͘ Gē-koàn Kûn-lûn\" (喜劇泰斗藝冠群倫) ê chióng-hāng.\n\n1992 nî, i in-ūi hì kho-lêng soe-kia̍t kòe-sin, hiáng-nî 77 hòe.","meta":{"title":"É-á-châi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1287,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1505}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Èng-chhài |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Solanales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Convolvulaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | ***Ipomoea*** |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***I. aquatica*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Ipomoea aquatica***Forssk. |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Èng-chhài** (Hàn-jī: 蕹菜; ha̍k-miâ: *Ipomoea aquatica*) kui-sio̍k-î soân-hoe-kho, sī to-nî-seng phih-phak-sèng ê chháu-pún si̍t-bu̍t. \n\nTī Tâi-oân i hun-pò· tī pêⁿ-tē kàu kē hái-poa̍t ê soaⁿ-khu, seⁿ tiàm lō·-piⁿ, khe-hōaⁿ, pha-hng-tē, he̍k-chiá-sī phiau-phû tī chúi-kau he̍k chúi-chhân.\n\nI sī sù-siông ê chhài-se, ū lâng choan-kang chèng-si̍t.\n\nI kui-nî-thàu-tang long-ē khui-hoe, chhiu-thiⁿ kàu chá-chhun khui siāng-chē. I kah-ì seⁿ tī kui-kang ū ji̍t pha̍k ê só·-chāi.\n\nHêng-thāi\n---------\n\nIù keng sī tiong-khong he̍k hái-mî chōng ê lāi-sim.\n\nHio̍h-á bô mo·, gōa-hêng piàn-hòa chē, ū sim-hêng, ke-nn̄g-hêng, phi-chiam-hêng, khoah-sòaⁿ-hêng (寬線形), he̍k saⁿ-kak-hêng. \n\nHoe seⁿ-chò sêng gō·-kak-hêng he̍k îⁿ-hêng ê lāu-á. Hoe choân-pō· sī pe̍h-sek--ê, he̍k lāu-á lāi-té sī chí-âng-sek. Hoe ê ti̍t-kèng ē-sái tōa-kàu 60 mm. Hoe tan-seng, ùi hio̍h-píⁿ ê kòe-hīⁿ-khang hia seⁿ--chut-lâi.\n\nKóe-chí sī sok-kó, seⁿ-chò ke-nn̄g-hêng he̍k kiû-hêng.","meta":{"title":"Èng-chhài","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[179,1117,0.1602506714413608],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1495}} -{"text":"Hô-lân léng Formosa ê ha̍k-hāu kàu-io̍k, chú-iàu sī tong-sî Ki-tok-kàu ê kàu-hōe pān--ê.\n\nPōe-kéng\n--------\n\n1627 nî, Hô-lân ê bo̍k-su George Candidius kòe Formosa, tī Sinkan thoân-kàu; 1629 nî ê sî, koh kòe chi̍t ūi Robertus Junius bo̍k-su. 1633 nî ê sî, Formosa tiúⁿ-koaⁿ Hans Putmans hiòng Batavia ê chóng-tok pò-kò, í-keng thê khí liāu tī Formosa pôe-ióng chāi-tē thoân-kàu-su ê siūⁿ-hoat.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n1636 nî, keng-kòe lâm-pak goân-chū-bîn siā kui-sūn ê gî-sek liáu-āu, Hô-lân tī Sinkan khai-siat ha̍k-hāu, chhōe 70 gōa miâ ê cha-po͘ (āu-bé mā ke chio 60-ê cha-bó͘) ha̍k-seng, kà in siá Lô-má jī-bó, kiam thoân-siū Ki-tok-kàu. Āu--lâi chi̍t kóa hū-kīn ê siā, chhiūⁿ Tavocan, tī kâng nî ê 5 goe̍h; kap Backloun tī 6 goe̍h, lóng koat-tēng beh chhái-la̍p Ki-tok-kàu. Kî-tha só͘-chāi mā ū lâng kòe-khì thiaⁿ thoân-kàu.\n\nKun-kù 1638 nî 2 goe̍h ê pò-kò, Sinkan ê ha̍k-seng gín-á ū 45-ê cha-po͘, 5/60-ê cha-bó͘; Backloun ê ha̍k-seng ū 84-ê. Soulang ê ha̍k-seng ū 145-ê. Tī Mattaw ia̍h í-keng khí hāu-siā, kap kàu-oân ê khiā-ke.\n\nChia-ê ha̍k-hāu, siu 10 hòe kàu 13/4 hòe ê ha̍k-seng, kàu-hōe kà in ēng Lô-má-jī siá chāi-tē giân-gí; mā kà kî-tó-bûn, cha̍p-kài, kàu-gī kap sèng-koa ê ha̍p-chhiùⁿ. Tong-sî in tī kok siā chú-iàu kà ê giân-gí sī Sinkan-gí.\n\nHa̍k-hāu, tû-liáu goân kàu-hōe phài kòe Formosa ê lâng, iā ū tùi peng-á lāi-bīn chhōe sek-ha̍p--ê chò-hóe chò kàu-su. Té-bé mā chhōe chāi-tē ê goân-chū-bîn chò chō͘-kàu. Chiàu 1643 nî ê sò͘-jī, goân-chū-bîn chō͘-kàu tī Sinkan ū 7-ê, tī Backloun ū 14-ê, tī Soulang ū 12-ê, tī Mattaw ū 10-ê, tī Tavocan ū 5-ê, tī Cipolan ū 4-ê.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n* 村上直次郎 (2000) [goân hoat-piáu tī 1930 nî-tāi *Tâi-oân Bûn-hòa Sú-soat* ê *Lân-jîn ê Hoan-siā Kàu-hòa* (蘭人の蕃社教化)]. Translated by 許賢瑤. \"荷蘭人的番社教化\". *國立中央圖書館臺灣分館館刊*. **6** (5).\n\nKhòaⁿ lēng-gōa\n--------------\n\n* Hô-lân léng Formosa ê thoân-kàu","meta":{"title":"Hô-lân léng Formosa ê kàu-io̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[216,1777,0.12155317951603826],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2137}} -{"text":"**Pátria** (Phû-tô-gâ-gí, \"Pē ê Tē\"/\"Chó·-kok\") sī Tang Timor ê kok-koa.\n\n* Sû chok-chiá: Francisco Borja da Costa\n* Khek chok-chiá: Afonso de Araujo\n* Chhòng-chok-nî: 1975; Chhái-iōng: 2002\n\nPhû-tô-gâ-bûn\n-------------\n\n*Pátria, Pátria, Timor-Leste, nossa Nação.*\n*Glória ao povo e aos heróis da nossa libertação.*\n*Pátria, Pátria, Timor-Leste, nossa Nação.*\n*Glória ao povo e aos heróis da nossa libertação.*\n*Vencemos o colonialismo, gritamos:*\n*abaixo o imperialismo.*\n*Terra livre, povo livre,*\n*não, não, não à exploração.*\n*Avante unidos firmes e decididos.*\n*Na luta contra o imperialismo*\n*o inimigo dos povos, até à vitória final.*\n*Pelo caminho da revolução.*\n\nHō-ló-bûn hoan-e̍k\n------------------\n\n*Chó·-kok, Chó·-kok, Tang Timor lán ê Kok-ka.*\n*Êng-iāu jîn-bîn kap tháu-pa̍k lán ê eng-hiông.*\n*Chó·-kok, Chó·-kok, Tang Timor lán ê Kok-ka.*\n*Êng-iāu jîn-bîn kap tháu-pa̍k lán ê eng-hiông.*\n*Góan ián-tó si̍t-bîn-chú-gī, góan hoah chhut:*\n*tè-kok-chú-gī hā-tâi.*\n*Chū-iû ê thó·-tē, chū-iû ê jîn-bîn,*\n*kū-cho̍at kū-cho̍at kū-cho̍at pak-siah.*\n*Thoân-kiat hiòng-chiân, kian-kiông sim tiāⁿ.*\n*Hóan tè-kok-chú-gī,*\n*hóan jîn-bîn ê te̍k-jîn, kàu kah chòe-āu ê sèng-lī.*\n*Tī kek-bēng ê lō·--nih.*\n\nChām-gōa lian-kiat\n------------------\n\n* Pátria (chheng-chhiùⁿ)\n* Pátria (phòe kau-hiáng-ga̍k)\n* Pátria (Bí-kok Hái-kun Ga̍k-tūi chàu)\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | *Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ pún-té khan tī holopedia.net.* |","meta":{"title":"Pátria","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[242,1204,0.2009966777408638],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1538}} -{"text":"**Èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k** (應用數學) sī í èng-iōng ûi bo̍k-tek ê bêng-khak ê sò͘-ha̍k lí-lūn kap hong-hoat ê chóng-chheng, gián-kiù àn-chóaⁿ èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k tì-sek kàu kî-thaⁿ hōan-tiû (iû-kî sī kho-ha̍k) ê sò͘-ha̍k hūn-chi, ē-sái kóng sī sûn sò͘-ha̍k ê tian-tò, èng-iōng sûn sò͘-ha̍k tiong ê kiat-lūn khok-tián kàu bu̍t-lí-ha̍k téng kî-thaⁿ kho-ha̍k tiong, èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k ê hoat-tián sī í kho-ha̍k ûi i-kì, chò-ûi kho-ha̍k gián-kiù ê āu-tún. Pau-koat bî-hūn hong-têng, hióng-liōng hun-sek, kí-tīn, Laplace piàn-ōaⁿ, Fourier piàn-ōaⁿ, ho̍k-piàn hun-sek, sò͘-ta̍t hong-hoat, ki-lu̍t-lūn, sò͘-lí thóng-kè, ūn-tiû-ha̍k, phok-e̍k-lūn, khòng-chè lí-lūn, cho͘-ha̍p sò͘-ha̍k, chu-sìn lí-lūn téng chē-chē sò͘-ha̍k hun-chi, iā pau-koat ùi kok-chióng èng-iōng léng-e̍k tiong thê-chhut ê sò͘-ha̍k būn-tê ê gián-kiù. Tōa pō͘-hūn èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k sī í chò-ûi bu̍t-lí hun-sek ê kang-khū. Kè-sǹg sò͘-ha̍k ū-sî iā ē-tàng khòaⁿ-chòe sī èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k tōa pō͘-hūn ê kàu-ha̍k hōan-tiû lóng-sī í bu̍t-lí ê bô͘-hêng ûi ki-chhó͘ chìn-hêng hūn-sek, tong-tiong khó-lêng tah-phòe liáu kok-chióng sò͘-ha̍k kang-khū, chiū ūi-tio̍h koh-khah thiap-kīn bu̍t-lí ê hē-thóng. \n\nTô͘-lūn èng-iōng tī bāng-lo̍k hun-sek, thok-pho̍k-ha̍k tī tiān-lō͘ hun-sek siōng ê èng-iōng, kûn-lūn tī kiat-cheⁿ-ha̍k siōng ê èng-iōng, bî-hūn kí-hô tī kui-hōan tiûⁿ siōng ê èng-iōng, chū-tōng khòng-chè lí-lūn tī kè-sǹg siōng ê èng-iōng, Riemannian kí-hô èng-iōng chāi siòng-tùi-lūn, sò͘-lí lô-chip èng-iōng chāi kè-sǹg-ki, chòe-sió jī-sêng-hoat èng-iōng chāi hui-ki khí-kàng sî chū-tōng khòng-chè, lī-iōng sò͘-jī ha̍p-sêng kè-sǹg-ki hú-chō͘ ê X-siā-sòaⁿ toān-chân sêng-siōng ki-su̍t (1979 nî sò͘-ha̍k-ka he̍k-tit Nobel I-ha̍k Chióng), sò͘-lūn èng-iōng tī bi̍t-bé-ha̍k, phok-e̍k-lūn, ki-lu̍t-lūn, thóng-kè-ha̍k èng-iōng tī keng-chē-ha̍k, sòaⁿ-sèng kui-ōe iōng tī seng-sán an-pâi tiàu-tō͘, lóng ē-tàng khòaⁿ tio̍h sò͘-ha̍k tī bô-kâng hōan-tiû ê èng-iōng.","meta":{"title":"Èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2046,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2308}} -{"text":"\n\nHô-ló Bîn-cho̍k| Bân-lâm-jîn, Bân-lâm-lîn, Hô-ló, Hok-ló, Ho̍h-ló |\n| |\n| |\n| Chóng Jîn-kháu |\n| ~40,000,000 |\n| Hun-pò͘ Tē-khu |\n| \n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  Tiong-kok | Hok-kiàn, Chiat-kang, Kńg-tang | |\n|  Tâi-oân | ~16,321,075 (Tâi-oân Hô-ló-lâng) | |\n|  Má-lâi-se-a | | |\n|  Hui-li̍p-pin | | |\n|  Sin-ka-pho | | |\n|  Ìn-nî | | |\n|  Bián-tiān | | |\n|  Bí-kok | >70,000 | |\n|  Hiong-káng | | |\n|  Ò-mn̂g | | |\n|  Madagascar | | |\n\n |\n| Gí-giân |\n| Hō-ló-oē |\n| Chong-kàu Sìn-gióng |\n| Tō-kàu, Jû-kàu, Hu̍t-kàu, Bû-chong-kàu... chió-sò͘: Ki-tok-kàu |\n| Siang-koan Chéng-cho̍k |\n| Hok-kiàn-lâng (Heng-hòa-lâng, Tiô-chiu-lâng, Lûi-chiu-lâng, Hái-lâm-lâng, ...), Hàn-cho̍k |\n\n**Hô-ló bîn-cho̍k** (Hàn-jī: 河老民族) sī Tiong-kok lâm-hong ê chi̍t-ê bîn-cho̍k, kán-chheng **Hô-ló**. Hô-ló chú-iàu hun-pò͘ tī Tiong-kok ê Hok-kiàn-séng, Kńg-tang-séng, Hiong-káng iáu-ū hái-gōa ê Tâi-oân, Sin-ka-pho kah Má-lâi-se-a téng-téng kok-ka. Hô-ló sī kin-á-ji̍t Tâi-oân sīong-tōa-ê cho̍k-kûn, chū-chheng Tâi-oân-lâng.\n\nBêng-chheng\n-----------\n\n**Hô-ló** (河老) nn̄g-jī mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hō lâng siá-chòe **Hok-ló** (福佬) ia̍h-sī **Ho̍h-ló** (鶴佬), put-kò āu-bīn nn̄g chióng siá-hoat kah chèng-khak-ê Bân-lâm-gí hoat-im pēng-bô phòe-ha̍p. Tī Tiong-bûn ê siá-hoat tang-tiong, khak tiāⁿ sú-iōng **Bân-lâm-jîn** (閩南人) kah **Bân-lâm bîn-hē** (閩南民系) ê iōng-hoat.\n\nBîn-cho̍k le̍k-sú\n-----------------\n\nChū-chiông Hàn Bú-tè kong-táⁿ kiam siau-bia̍t Bân-oa̍t-kok (閩越國) liáu-āu, tòa tī tiong-goân ê Hoâ-hā-cho̍k khai-sí poaⁿ-sóa lâi-kàu kin-á-ji̍t ê Hok-kiàn iáu-ū Kńg-tang só͘-chāi. Chia--ê Hoâ-hā î-bîn jîn-kháu kah pún-lâi-ê Bân-oa̍t-cho̍k (閩越族) chiām-chiām kiat-ha̍p sêng-ûi goân-sí-ê Hok-kiàn-lâng. Tī Tiong-kok Chìn-tiâu Ngó͘-ô loān-hoâ ê sî-chūn, koh ín-khí-tio̍h chi̍t-pái pak-hong Hàn-cho̍k tōa-kui-bô͘ poaⁿ-sóa lâm-hong ê sū-kiāⁿ, Choân-chiu sī hit-tong-sî sīong-chē lâng poaⁿ-sóa ê bo̍k-tek só͘-chāi. In-chhú, Choân-chiu-káng tī Tông-tiâu sî-tāi sī sè-kài tē-it tōa ê káng-kháu. Choân-chiu chiu-ûi-ê Chiang-chiu mā tī Tân Goân-kong (陳元光) toà-niá î-bîn lâi Hok-kiàn liáu-āu, khai-sí ū khai-hoat. Chit-chūn, Hô-ló bîn-cho̍k í-keng ū chho͘-pō͘-ê bô͘-iūⁿ.\n\nGí-giân kah Bûn-jī\n------------------\n\n### Gí-giân\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Bân-lâm-gí\n### Hàn-jī bûn-ha̍k\n\n### Pe̍h-ōe-jī\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Pe̍h-ōe-jī\n\nBûn-hòa\n-------\n\n### Chō-chûn\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Hok-chûn\n### Sìn-gióng\n\n### Chú-chia̍h\n\n### Kè-chhōa\n\n**Sio̍k-gí**\n\n* *Chhit-goe̍h chhōa kúi-bó͘* (七月娶鬼某)\n* *Káu-goe̍h káu-thâu tāng, sí-bó͘ koh sí-ang.* (九月狗頭重，死某閣死翁。)\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Ng, Maria; Philip Holden (1 September 2006). *Reading Chinese transnationalisms: society, literature, film*. Hong Kong University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-962-209-796-4.\n2. ↑ Lewis, M. Paul, pian. (2005), \"Indonesia\", *Ethnologue: Languages of the World* (15th pán.), Dallas, T.X.: SIL International, ISBN 978-1-55671-159-6, 26 January 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ Mya Than (1997). Leo Suryadinata, pian. *Ethnic Chinese As Southeast Asians*. ISBN 0-312-17576-0.\n4. ↑ 2005-2009 American Community Survey\n5. ↑ 顧炎武《天下郡國利病書》：「漳猺人與虔汀潮循接壤處....常稱城邑人為河老，謂自河南遷來畏之，繇陳元光將卒始也。」\n\n| | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nHàn-jîn bîn-cho̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hok-kiàn-lâng | \n* Bân-pak-lâng\n* Hái-lâm-lâng\n* Hái-lio̍k-hong-lâng\n* Heng-hòa-lâng\n* Ho̍h-ló-lâng\n\t+ Tâi-oân Ho̍h-ló-lâng\n* Hok-chiu-lâng\n* Hūi-oaⁿ cha-bó͘\n* Lêng-nâ-lâng\n* Lûi-chiu-lâng\n* Tiô-chiu-lâng\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | \n* A-soaⁿ-á\n* Kńg-tang-lâng\n* Chhoan-chheng-lâng\n* Ko-san Hàn-lâng\n* Kang-sai-lâng\n* Kheh-ka-lâng\n\t+ Ho̍h-ló-kheh\n\t+ Ngái Lâng\n* Ô͘-pak-lâng\n* Ô͘-lâm-lâng\n* Kang-hoâi-lâng\n* Soaⁿ-tang-lâng\n* Sù-chhoan-lâng\n* Chûn-bîn\n\t+ Liân-ka chûn-bîn\n* Tûn-pó-lâng\n* Oá-hiong-lâng\n* Gô͘-oa̍t-lâng\n\t+ Siōng-hái-lâng\n\t+ Lêng-pho-lâng\n\t+ Un-chiu-lâng\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Hô-ló Bîn-cho̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1656,3317,0.49924630690382876],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4262}} -{"text":"O-lân-gí tī thong-sè-kài ê liû-thong chêng-hêng.\n**Hô-lân-gí** (荷蘭語, *Nederlands*) á **O-lân-gí** (和-), Kē-tē-gí, sī chi̍t khoán Pak German ê giân-gú, sī tāi-io̍k 220 bān lâng ê chāi-tē giân-gú, tōa-hūn ê sú-iōng-chiá tī O-lân kap Pe̍k-ní-gī. \n\nTī Lâm-hui teh liû-thong ê Hui-chiu-gí (*Afrikaans*) ê gôan-thâu mā-sī Hô-lân-gí.\n\nMiâ\n---\n\nHô-lân-gí tī in chāi-tē ê kiò-hoat sī *Nederlands*, nā chiàu ì-sù sī **Kē-tē--ê**(-ōe), lēng-gōa tī kî-tiong koh ū chi̍t-ê khiuⁿ-kháu kiò *Hollands*, ì-sù sī \"Holland--ê(-ōe)\". Sui-jiân \"Holland\" sī lán-lâng kóng \"O-lân\", \"Hô-lân\" ê gí-goân, chóng-sī it-poaⁿ nā kóng tio̍h \"O-lân-gí\" ia̍h \"Hô-lân-gí\", sī chí choân-kok-sèng ê Kē-tē-gí.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ \"Het Nederlandse taalgebied\". Nederlandse Taalunie. 2005. 2008-11-04 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hôlân-gú)\n2. ↑ \"About the Netherlands\". Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2008-08-23 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hôlân-gú)\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\nWikipediaWikipedia\nWikipedia ū ***Hô-lân-gí*** ê pán-pún.","meta":{"title":"Hô-lân-gí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[176,905,0.19447513812154696],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1123}} -{"text":"\n***Chióng-lē Tâu-chu Tiâu-lē*** (獎勵投資條例) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú tī 1960 nî chì 1990 nî ūi-tio̍h chióng-lē tâu-chu, ka-sok keng-chè hoat-tián só͘ si̍t-si ê hoat-lu̍t. 1960 nî 8 goe̍h 31 hō Li̍p-hoat-īⁿ chè-tēng; 1991 nî 1 goe̍h chhe 1 Hêng-chèng-īⁿ kong-kò hòe-chí. Kî-tiong, tī 1960 nî ê sî ūi-tio̍h in-èng Bí-oān thêng-chí liáu-āu ê keng-chè hoat-tián, chèng-hú tī 19 tiám châi-keng kái-kek chhò͘-si tiong iau-kiû Tâi-oân ē-tàng ta̍t-sêng chū-kip-chū-chiok ê thêng-tō͘. Tī chèng-hú khak-li̍p liáu chìn-kháu thè-tāi kang-gia̍p-hòa chèng-chhek liáu-āu, tī kai-tōaⁿ āu-kî chè-tēng pún tiâu-lē lâi chióng-lē pau-hâm chè-chō-gia̍p, chhiú-kang-gia̍p, khòng-gia̍p, lông-lîm-hî-thiok-gia̍p, ūn-su-gia̍p téng, chú-iàu bo̍k-tek sī beh thê-ko Tâi-oân ê sán-phín chū-chè-lu̍t.\n\nTông-sî, in-ūi chèng-hú mā biān-lîm châi-chèng khùn-lân, gōa-hōe toán-khoat kap sit-gia̍p-lu̍t phian koân ê būn-tê, in-chhú mā chioh tio̍h pún tiâu-lē hoat-tián gōa-siau sán-gia̍p, pēng-chhiáⁿ í kiám-bián cho͘-sòe ê hong-sek lâi khip-ín gōa-chu lâi Tâi. Tī keng-chè hoat-tián chèng-chhek choán chò chhut-kháu khok-tiong hong-chiam liáu-āu, pún tiâu-lē mā tòe leh siu-chèng lâi ka-sok chu-pún chiat-kū pēng-chhiáⁿ kó͘-lē kó͘-phiò chiūⁿ-chhī. 1980 nî chì 1990 nî ê tē-jī chhù chìn-kháu thè-tāi sî-kî pún tiâu-lē chài-chhù siu-chèng, hoat-tián chhek-lio̍k-sèng kang-gia̍p, pēng-chhiáⁿ kó͘-lē khì-gia̍p chhî-sio̍k lâu tī Tâi-oân.","meta":{"title":"Chióng-lē Tâu-chu Tiâu-lē","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1414,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1608}} -{"text":"**Tong-iōng hàn-jī** (当用漢字) sī Ji̍t-pún tī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn tâu-hâng liáu-āu, tī Tông-bêng-kok ê chiàm-niá hā, tī 1946 nî 11 goe̍h 16 iû Ji̍t-pún lōe-koh hoat-pò͘ ê *Tong-iōng Hàn-jī-pió* (当用漢字表) lāi só͘ kong-pò͘ ê hàn-jī, lóng-chóng 1850 jī. Kóng-gī lâi kóng, iáu pau-hâm tio̍h *Tong-iōng Hàn-jī-pió* (当用漢字表), *Tong-iōng Hàn-jī Pia̍t-pió* (当用漢字別表), *Tong-iōng Hàn-jī Im-hùn-pió* (当用漢字音訓表), *Tong-iōng Hàn-jī Jī-thé-pió* (当用漢字字体表), *Tong-iōng Hàn-jī Kái-tēng Im-hùn-pió* (当用漢字改訂音訓表) téng-téng chham hàn-jī chèng-chhek siong-koan ê hoat-lēng. Tong-iōng hàn-jī lo̍h-bóe khì hō͘ siông-iōng hàn-jī chhú-tāi.\n\nKán-kài\n-------\n\nTong-iōng hàn-jī chú-iàu sī iû hàn-jī tiong sú-iōng-lu̍t koân ê hàn-jī cho͘-sêng, chò-ûi kong-bûn, mûi-thé téng-téng ê bûn-jī piáu-sī hoān-ûi ê iōng-tô͘. Kāng-sî, pō͘-hūn pit-ōe ho̍k-cha̍p ê thoân-thóng hàn-jī, mā kái-chò lio̍k-jī (略字).\n\nKî-si̍t ùi chiàn-chêng khai-sí, piáu-im-chú-gī-chiá chiū jīm-ûi hàn-jī ê sò͘-bo̍k siuⁿ chē, bô lī-piān ha̍k-si̍p, só͘-í kiông-ngē chú-tiuⁿ èng-kai ài oân-choân hùi-tû Ji̍t-bûn lāi ê hàn-jī, kái chò iōng kha-nah ûi-chú. In-chhú si̍t-chè-siōng í Bûn-pō͘-séng ûi tiong-sim, khai-sí siūⁿ-beh hān-chè hàn-jī ê sú-iōng. Tān-sī bîn-kan kap bûn-jī giân-gú ê ha̍k-chiá ê hoán-tùi siaⁿ-lōng siong-tong kiông-lia̍t, tì-sú chit hāng kái-kek bô-hoat-tō͘ chìn-hêng. Chiàn-āu in-ūi Tông-bêng-kok chiàm-niá, kok-jī ê kái-kek gī-tê in-ūi siā-hōe hun-jiáu, hêng-sêng liáu kái-kek ê kiōng-sek. Só͘-í iû piáu-im-chú-gī-chiá chú-tō, í chiong-lâi choân-bīn hùi-chí hàn-jī ûi chiân-tê, chè-tēng tong-iōng hàn-jī ê chèng-chhek, chho͘-pō͘ kai-toāⁿ seng kiám-chió hàn-jī tī Ji̍t-bûn tiong ê sú-iōng pí-lē.\n\nTān-sī tong-iōng hàn-jī pit-kèng kan-na sī chi̍t ê thò-hia̍p-sèng ê lōe-iông, piáu-im-chú-gī-chiá kap piáu-ì-chú-gī-chiá tùi hàn-jī ê chûn-sio̍k gī-tê, bô chek-ke̍k ê ióng-hō͘, iā bô chek-ke̍k ê hoán-tùi. Só͘-í piáu-im-hoà kap piáu-ì-hoà ê gī-tê iu-goân kè-sio̍k, pēng bô chin-chiàⁿ choân-bīn-sèng ê lâi hùi-chí hàn-jī, jû-chhú si̍t-hêng liáu 35-tang.\n\nIn-ūi tong-iōng hàn-jī san-tû liáu bōe-chió si̍t-chè-siōng sú-iōng-lu̍t chin koân ê hàn-jī, só͘-í tī 1981 nî, lōe-koh kong-kò͘ liáu kan-na chò-ûi \"bo̍k-piau\", m̄-sī \"kiông-chè\" ê *Siông-iōng Hàn-jī* (常用漢字), tui-ka 196 ê sin ê hàn-jī, peng hùi-chí liáu *Tong-iōng Hàn-jī-pió* kán-hoà kap hān-chè hàn-jī ê chèng-chhek.","meta":{"title":"Tong-iōng Hàn-jī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2430,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2772}} -{"text":"**Lāi A-chiu** (Eng-gí: *Inner Asia*) sī A-chiu ê chi̍t ê pō͘-hūn, tang-tiong ū Tiong-kok se-pō͘, Bông-kó͘, Lō͘-se-a tang-pō͘; kap Tiong A-chiu ū pō͘-hūn sio-tha̍h.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nLāi A-chiu sī Au-a Tāi-lio̍k téng-bīn Tōa Chháu-po͘ (*the Steppe*) sì-ûi ê chi̍t kóa só͘-chāi, hâm Bông-kó͘, Lāi Bông-kó͘, Boán-chiu, Siberia lâm-pō͘, Sin-kiong, kap Kazakhstan ê tang-pō͘. Au-A chháu-po͘ ê khì-hāu ū bêng-hián ê kùi-chiat-sèng un-chha, jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ kē, keng-chè khah óa-khò tōng-bu̍t, jîn-bîn hoat-tián sóa-tāng ê lêng-le̍k lâi sek-èng chit khoán khoân-kéng. In-ūi chia ê sèng-chit, chhau-po͘ tang-pêng sī chi̍t-ê î-bîn kap kau-liû hong-hù ê tē-khu.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTāi-iok tī Chêng 1050 nî chiân-āu, Chiu ông-kok tú kiàn-li̍p hit chūn. Siong-tùi óa lâm-pêng ê Siong/Chiu sī ēng chiàn-chhia (*chariot*) phòe-ha̍p pō͘-peng lâi sio-chiàn, tī pak-pêng ê Lāi A-chiu chháu-po͘ tē-khu, sī lī-iōng khiâ-bé ki-su̍t si̍t-hêng î-tōng-sèng seng-oa̍h ê hêng-sek, hit-tang-chūn mā hoat-tián sìn-gióng ê hē-thóng, koh ū jió-to ê kang-gē-phín. Chháu-po͘ ê jîn-bîn sī pun chò sió-hêng, tām-pō͘-sî hō͘-siong ha̍p-chok he̍k-chiá kēng-cheng ê chèng-tī-thé teh ūn-choán. Tī tāi-khài Chêng 209 nî, Lāi A-chiu chhut-hiān Hiong-lô͘ kok.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n### Su-chì\n\n* Honeychurch, William (2015). *Inner Asia and the Spatial Politics of Empire: Archaeology, Mobility, and Culture Contact* (ēng Eng-gí). Springer-Verlag New York. ISBN 978-1-4939-1815-7.\n\n### Chù-kha\n\n1. 1 2 Honeychurch 2015, Chapter 1. Voices from the Steppe\n\nKoan-liân\n---------\n\n* Sin Chheng-kok le̍k-sú","meta":{"title":"Lāi A-chiu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[232,1461,0.15879534565366188],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1744}} -{"text":"**Iû-thài-kàu** hêng-sêng tī kong-gôan-chêng 2000 nî ê Tiong-tang tē-khu, kiàn-li̍p Iu-thài-kàu ê bîn-cho̍k sī hit-tong-sî ê iû-bo̍k bîn-cho̍k Hi-pek-lâi-lâng. \n\nIu-thài-kàu mā-sī it-sîn-lūn ê chong-kàu, chông-pài chú sîn A-tò·-nái (阿窦乃). Iu-thài-kàu sī Hi-pek-lâi-lâng lōe-pō· ê bîn-cho̍k chong-kàu. Ki-tok-kàu kah I-su-lân-kàu (Islam) chit-2-ê sè-kài siōng tōa è chong-kàu, lóng-sī ùi Iu-thài-kàu thòaⁿ--chhut-khì--ê. Kó·-chá-sî, Hi-lia̍p kok-ông A-lī-san-tāi tāi-tē phāi-peng cheng-ho̍k Hi-pek-lâi-lâng kiàn-li̍p ê Iu-thài-kok, tō-tì chiâⁿ chōe Hi-pek-lâi-lâng liû-lōng kàu Hi-lia̍p tè-kok, sì-sòaⁿ-gō·-lō·. Kong-gôan-chêng 3 sè-kí, Hi-lia̍p kok-ông A-lī-san-tāi Tô-lia̍t-bi̍t jī-sè (亚历山大 陀勒密二世) chiau-chi̍p 70-gōa-ê ē bat Hi-lia̍p-gú ê Iu-thài-lâng, bēng-lēng in chéng-lí Iu-thài bûn-hiàn pēng-chhiáⁿ hoan-e̍k chò Hi-lia̍p-gú, che to̍h-sī hiàn-chú-sî Kit-tok-kàu teh iōng--ê Hi-lia̍p-gú sèng-keng tang-tiong ê Kū-iok-chôan-su hit pō·-hūn, lâng kiò-chò **70 chú e̍k-pún**. Lō·-bóe, Iu-thài-kok iū-koh siū-tio̍h Lô-má Tè-kok thiat-té bia̍t-bông, iah..tī-leh Ia-lō·-sà-léng (Jerusalem/耶路撒冷) ê Iu-thài-kàu tiān-tn̂g mā pī húi-tiāu, kan-ta chhun 1-chat (圣殿) nōa-kô·-kô· ê chhiûⁿ-á (khàu-chhiûⁿ). Iu-thài-lâng mā soah hun-sòaⁿ kàu Au-A kok só·-chāi. \n\nKong-gôan 6 sè-kí ê sî, ū-ê Iu-thài ha̍k-chiá kā \"70 chú sèng-keng\" the̍h chhut-lâi koh chéng-lí kàu-tùi, thâi-thiāu 1-kóa-á kah Hi-pek-lâi gôan-bûn a̍h-sī A-la-pek bûn-pún bô koan ê lōe-iông, pēng-chhiáⁿ kā keng-kòe tiông-sin chéng-lí ê hit-pō·-hūn bûn-jī koh kā hoan-e̍k chò Hi-pek-lâi-bûn, chiâⁿ-chòe Iu-thài-kàu ê sèng-keng. M̄-koh, chit-ê kóng-hoat chí-put-kò sī Hi-pek-lâi-gú sèng-keng hêng-sêng ê 1-chióng kóng-hoat niâ. \n\n2000 gōa nî lâi, Iu-thài-lâng lóng hun-sòaⁿ tī sè-kài kok-tē, kok-lâng ê gí-giân kah bûn-hòa chin chá to̍h hun-hòa, in lóng-sī khò thóng-it (kiōng-tông) ê chóng-kàu sìn-gióng teh ûi-chhî bîn-cho̍k jīn-tông. Iu-thài-kàu jīn-ûi kiù-sè-chú kàu-taⁿ iá-bōe kàng-seng (chhut-sì), in bô sêng-jīn ki-tok Ia-so· sī kiù-sè-chú (che to̍h-sī Iu-thài-kàu hām Ki-tok-kàu siōng-kài kin-pún ê khu-pia̍t), in-ūi án-ne, Iu-thài-kàu mā ti̍t-ti̍t siū-tio̍h Ki-tok-kàu-tô· ê kheh-che̍h kah khòaⁿ-khin. Iu-thài-kàu-tô· thàu-té lóng him-bō· kah chông-siong pún bîn-cho̍k chiaⁿ-iāⁿ ê kòe-khì. 19 sè-kí liáu-āu, Iu-thài hok kok su-sióng tī chôan-kiû heng-khí, kok só·-chāi ê Iu-thài-lâng tàu-té tó-tńg-khí Pa-lia̍t-su-thán bóe-siu thó·-tē kah chhân-hn̂g, liáu-āu in kiàn-li̍p Í-sek-lia̍t chit-ê kok-ka. Mā in-ūi án-ne, soah lâi hām A-la-pek-lâng (lâng kóng A-la-pek-lâng í-keng tiàm chit-tè thó·-tē khiā beh 2000 nî lo·h) hoat-seng giâm-tiōng ê chhiong-tu̍t. \n\nIn-ūi ū-ê Iu-thài-kàu, Ki-tok-kàu kah I-su-lân-kàu chit-3-ê kàu-phái lóng ū sêng-jīn Kū-iok Sèng-keng tang-tiong ê A-pek-la-hán (Abraham/亚伯拉罕), só·-í ū-ê chong-kàu ha̍k-chiá chôaⁿ kā Iu-thài-kàu, Ki-tok-kàu kah I-su-lân-kàu thóng-thóng kiò-chòe A-pek-la-hán-kàu (Abraham-kàu/亚伯拉罕教).","meta":{"title":"Iû-thài-kàu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2958,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3335}} -{"text":"**Lô-tōng sam-hoat** (勞動三法), sī Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok hoat-lu̍t ê **Kang-hōe Hoat** (工會法), **Thoân-thé Hia̍p-iok Hoat** (團體協約法) kap **Lô-chu Cheng-gī Chhú-lí Hoat** (勞資爭議處理法), iā sī lô-chu ūn-chok siōng ê tiōng-iàu hoat-lu̍t. 1992 nî 11 goe̍h 12 hō, Kang-lâng Li̍p-hoat Hêng-tōng Úi-oân-hōe téng-téng lô-kang ūn-tōng thoân-thé cho͘-sêng \"Sam-hoat It-àn Hêng-tōng Úi-oân-hōe\" (三法一案行動委員會) hoat-khí \"1112 Kang-lâng Tàu-tīn Toā Iû-hêng\" (1112工人鬥陣大遊行), hit-tang-chūn ê lô-tōng sam-hoat sī Lô-tōng Ki-chún Hoat (勞動基準法), Kang-hōe Hoat (工會法) kap Lô-chu Cheng-gī Chhú-lí Hoat (勞資爭議處理法).\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nKòe-khì ê lô-chu koan-hē tiong, lô-kang (lô-hong) kap kò͘-chú (chu-hong) ê tē-ūi ūi-tī bô pêng-téng ê tē-ūi, lô-hong ê koân-le̍k pí chu-hong só͘ ióng-iú ê koân-le̍k khah-sé, ka-siōng bô bêng-khak pó-chiòng lô-kang koân-ek kap thê-seng lô-kang tē-ūi ê hoat-lēng, hō͘ kò͘-chú ūn-iōng lô-kang tùi i ê i-hù-sèng, pak-siap lô-kang èng-kai ài ū ê koân-ek.\n\nLô-kang ù-sek tio̍h chū-sin ê koân-lī bî-po̍h, beh hām chu-hong tâm-poàⁿ soah kiaⁿ cho-siū chek-hoa̍t, sīm-chì sit-gia̍p, só͘-í chiah thoân-kiat lâi cho͘-sêng kang-hōe, óng-hiō í kang-hōe chò hu̍t-sim, ūn-iōng lô-hong chi̍p-thé ê le̍k-liōng, hiòng chu-hong cheng-chhú lī-ek kái-siān, chhiam-sú siong-koan pó-hō͘ lô-hong ê hoat-lu̍t bûn-kiāⁿ, bo̍k-tek sī beh thê-seng lô-hong tē-ūi hām chu-hong pêng-téng. Ūi-tio̍h beh pó-hō͘ lô-hong siōng-su̍t ê koân-lī, chè-tēng Lang-hōe Hoat lâi pó-chiòng lô-kang kang-hōe ê \"thoân-kiat-koân\", ch3-tēng Thoân-thé Hia̍p-iok Hoat lâi pó-chiòng lô-hong kap chu-hong chhiam-sú siong-koan hoat-lu̍t bûn-kiàⁿ, lâi cheng-chhú koân-ek ê kau-sia̍p-koân.\n\nKang-hōe hām chu-hong hia̍p-siong sit-pāi sî, siang-hong ē-tàng hêng-sú cheng-gī-koân, hō͘ tùi-hong ap-le̍k, hō͘ i jiōng-pō͘. In-ūi lô-hong khah jio̍k-sè, chu-hong iông-ī ū têng-kài lô-hong hêng-sú cheng-gī-koân ê chêng-hêng chhut-hiān, ūi-tio̍h pó-chiòng siang-hong ê cheng-gī-koân, só͘-í chiah chè-tēng Lô-chu Cheng-gī Chhú-lí Hoat.","meta":{"title":"Lô-tōng sam-hoat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1954,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2240}} -{"text":"\n**Chiân-chiam Ki-chhó͘ Kiàn-siat Kè-ōe** (前瞻基礎建設計畫) sī iû Tâi-oân Chhòa Eng-bûn chèng-hú thê-chhut ê ki-chhó͘ kiàn-siat ê tâu-chu kè-ōe; tī 2017 nî 3 goe̍h 23 hō iû Lîm Choân lōe-koh chèng-sek tùi-gōa soan-pò͘. Kāng sî-kan, kok koān-chhī chèng-hú hiòng tiong-iong thê-chhut su-kiû hāng-bo̍k. Chéng-kò kè-ōe pau-hâm \"le̍k-sò͘-chúi-tō-hiong\" (綠數水道鄉) téng 5-hāng kiàn-siat kè-ōe: le̍k-lêng kiàn-siat, sò͘-ūi kiàn-siat, chúi-khoân-kéng kiàn-siat, kúi-tō kiàn-siat kap siâⁿ-hiong kiàn-siat. Kui-ōe ēng 8-tang ê sî-kan tâu-ji̍p chóng keng-hùi iok Sin-tâi-phiò 8,824.9-ek îⁿ, ī-kî thang-hó cheng-ka bîn-kan tâu-chu sán-ti̍t iok Sin-tâi-phiò 1-tiāu 7,777.3-ek îⁿ, lâi chhiok-chìn tē-hng chéng-thé hoat-tián kap khu-he̍k pêng-hêng, tài-tōng kok-lāi tâu-chu ki-hōe kap keng-chè ún-tēng sêng-tióng.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Ngô͘ Bêng-hūi (2017-01-31). \"2017 nî kok-lāi-gōa keng-chè chêng-sè tián-bōng\" (ēng Hôa-gí). Kok-ka Hoat-tián Úi-oân-hōe. 2017-04-27 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ Kang Io̍k-kûi (2017-03-23). \"8824-ek gîn-tôaⁿ piàⁿ keng-chè, Chiân-chiam Ki-chhó͘ Kiàn-siat Kè-ōe it-lám-piáu\" (ēng Hôa-gí). Nownes. 2017-04-27 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ Tân Gî-chû (2017-04-19). \"Chiân-chiam Ki-chhó͘ Kiàn-siat ū siáⁿ-mi̍h gû-bah? Chit ūi koaⁿ-oân kóng-ōe iú-kéng\" (ēng Hôa-gí). Liân-ha̍p-pò. 2017-04-27 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ Sòng Gî-hong (2017-03-23). \"Chiân-chiam Ki-chhó͘ Kiàn-siat chhut-lô Lîm Choân phek-pán 8-nî chóng keng-hùi jû 8800-ek tài-tōng bîn-kan tâu-chu 1.77-tiāu\" (ēng Hôa-gí). Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Hêng-chèng-īⁿ. 2017-04-26 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"Kè-ōe soat-bêng\" (ēng Hôa-gí). Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Hêng-chèng-īⁿ. 2017-03-23. 2017-04-26 khòaⁿ--ê.","meta":{"title":"Chiân-chiam Ki-chhó͘ Kiàn-siat Kè-ōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[788,1590,0.49559748427672956],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1816}} -{"text":"\nMars 2020 teh Jezero lòng-kik-kheñ ê tsiūñ-lio̍k-tiám kah Perseverance hué-tsheñ-tshia ê kè-uē lōo-suàñ: 1. Tn̂g-tu-înn ê uē-tīng tsiūñ-lio̍k-khu. 2. Perseverance hué-tsheñ-tshia ê tsiūñ-lio̍k-tiám. 3. Uì lâi-tsū kheñ-kok tsi tsui-liû hîng-sîng ê kū sañ-kak-tsiu sóo lâu-lo̍h-lâi ê tse-tái. 4. Neretva Vallis. 5. Perseverance hué-tsheñ-tshia liáu-āu ê lōo-tsháu (ī-tshik ê lōo-tsháu). 6. Jezero lòng-kik-kheñ ê thán-phên.\n*Perseverance* ê tsiūñ-lio̍k-tiám, puē-kíng sī Jezero lòng-kik-kheñ lāi-pōo lím-kîñ ê kiā-piah, tsit-ê kiā-piah khoo-tio̍h hué-suañ-kháu ê lím-kîñ ū 600-m tn̂g. (Tshiáñ tsham-khó tôo-phìñ)\n**Perseverance hué-tsheñ-tshia** (guā-hō: Percy; Perseverance hué-tsheñ tham-tshik-khì, Gī-li̍k-hō hué-tsheñ-tshia, Gī-li̍k-hō hué-tsheñ thàm-tshik-khì; poj: Gī-le̍k-hō hóe-chheⁿ-chhia, Gī-le̍k-hō hóe-chheⁿ thàm-chhek-khì; eng-gí: Perseverance mars rover, Perseverance (rover), Percy) sī iû Bí-kok KHTH sóo-sio̍k-ê JPL sóo tsè-tsō-ê, iōng tī hué-tsheñ 2020 līm-bū tiong ê hué-tsheñ-tshia (Mars rover). Tsit-tsiah hué-tsheñ-tshia í-king teh Bí-kok tang-pōo sî-kan (Eastern Time Zone (ET)) 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t tsái-sî 7:50 (sè-kài hia̍p-tiau sî 11:50) huat-siā. Teh bí-kok ka-tsiu sî-kan 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t ē-poo 3:50 (Tâi-pak sî-kan 2-gue̍h 19-li̍t 04:55) sîng-kong ting-lio̍k hué-tsheñ, lî-tshiáñ kàng-lo̍k teh Jezero lòng-kik-kheñ (Jezero (crater)). Perseverance ê guā-kuan kah Curiosity lóng-beh sio-kāng, ū-tsah 7 tsióng kho-ha̍k gî-khì, 24-ê liap-iáñ kiàñ-thâu, 2-ê mai-ku. Līm-bū kè-uē thàm-tshik Jezero lòng-kik-kheñ hù-kīn ê hué-tsheñ piáu-bīn. Perseverance iá-koh ū-tsah tsi̍t-tâi kiò-tsò Ingenuity ê iâu-khòng ti̍t-sing-ki, beh phuè-ha̍p Perseverance tsìn-hîng kho-ha̍k gén-kiù (research).\n\nLi̍k-sú\n-------\n\n### Tsiūñ-lio̍k\n\nTsiūñ-liok; tē-tiám hù-kīn ê hâng-then-khì tshuì-phìñ tsi sàn-pòo tôo-phìñ. \n(uī-tsheñ siòng-phìñ (photograph), 2021-nî 2-gue̍h)\n\nTôo-phìñ\n--------\n\n### Tsiūñ-liok tē-tôo\n\nJezero lòng-kik-kheñ sì-khoo lèn-tńg ê kóo-tsá hô-liû hē-thóng.*Perseverance* hué-tsheñ-tshia ê uī-tì kah i-teh Jezero lòng-kik-kheñ kàng-lo̍h ê tn̂g-tu-îñ huān-uî.*Perseverance* hué-tsheñ-tshia kàng-lo̍h ê tn̂g-tu-îñ huān-uî kah kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám.\n### *Perseverance hué-tsheñ-tshia* tsoo-sîng ê pōo-hūn\n\nFull look at *Perseverance*s components at .\n\n### Tsá-kî tôo-siōng\n\nKàng-lo̍h kuè-tîng tiong ê *Perseverance* hué-tsheñ-tshia ê la̍k-kak-sánKàng-lo̍h liáu-āu uì tàn-tiāu kàu tē-bīn ê hú-tsōo kàng-lo̍h hué-tsìnnê sóo tshìng tshut-lâi ê oo-ian-thûn.Tsiūñ-liok; liáu-āu uì *Perseverance* tsiànn āu-piah ê khamélah Hazcam sóo hip ê hué-tshenn tē-bīn.Tē-it tiuñ tshái-sik siòng-phìñ.*Perseverance* hué-tsheñ-tshia kî-tiong tsi̍t-ê lián-á.Kàng-lo̍h kî-kan uì tíng-kuân sóo hip-ê Perseverance ê siòng-phìnn.\n\n \n\n### Kńg-kak tôo-siōng\n\n*Perseverance* *hué-tsheñ-tshia kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê tsuân-kíng-tô͘ (panorama).*\n\nMap of MarsThe image above contains clickable linksHué-tsheñ tsuân-kiû tē-hîng ê kau-hōo-sik iáñ-siòng tē-tôo, tíng-kuân pio-tsì-tio̍h hué-tsheñ tsiūñ-lio̍k-khì kah hué-tsheñ-tshia ê uī-tì. Kah ku̍t-tshí hiân-thîng teh tôo-siōng tíng-kuân, tō ē-sái tshâ-khuàñ 60 guā-ê hué-tsheñ tsú-iàu ê tē-lí bîng-tshing, koh-lâi tshi̍h tôo-siōng tō ē-sái lên-ket-tio̍h tsia-ê hāng-bo̍k. Té-tôo ê gân-sik piáu-sī siong-tuì ko-tōo, tsit-ê ko-tōo sī uì hué-tsheñ tsuân-kiû thàm-tshik-tsiá ê hué-tsheñ kúi-tō-ki laser tshik-ko-gî lâi-ê sòo-kù. Pe̍h-sik kah tsang-sik tāi-piáu siōng-kuân ê hái-pua̍t (7004120000000000000♠+12 to +8 km); kî-tshù sī hún-âng-sik kah âng-sik (7003800000000000000♠+8 to +3 km); n̂g-sik sī 0 km; tsheñ-sik kah nâ-sik sī kah kē-ê hái-pua̍t ko-tōo (2996200000000000000♠−8 km). Tio̍k sī king-tōo kah ūi-tō͘; tsú-ì ki̍k-khu. (Tsham-ua̍t: Mars map, Mars Memorials, Mars Memorials map) (view • discuss)(   **Ua̍h-iāu hué-tsheñ-tshia** •   **Ua̍h-iāu tsiūñ-lio̍k-khì** •   **Bī-lâi** )\nBeagle 2← *Beagle 2* (2003)\n\nBradbury Landing*Curiosity* (2012) →\nDeep Space 2 Deep Space 2 (1999) →\nColumbia Memorial Station *Rosalind Franklin* rover (2023) ↓\nInSight Landing *InSight* (2018) →\nMars 2 Mars 2 (1971) →\nMars 3 ← Mars 3 (1971)\nMars 6 Mars 6 (1973) →\nMars Polar Lander Polar Lander (1999) ↓\nChallenger Memorial Station↑ *Opportunity* (2004)\nMars 2020←*Perseverance* (2021) \nGreen Valley ← *Phoenix* (2008)\nSchiaparelli EDM lander*Schiaparelli* EDM (2016) → \nCarl Sagan Memorial Station← *Sojourner* (1997)\nColumbia Memorial Station*Spirit* (2004) ↑\nTianwen-1 ↓*Tianwen-1* rover (2021) \nThomas Mutch Memorial Station*Viking 1* (1976) →\nGerald Soffen Memorial Station*Viking 2* (1976) →\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Launch Windows\". *mars.nasa.gov*. NASA. 28 July 2020 khòaⁿ--ê.  *This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.*\n2. 1 2 mars.nasa.gov. \"Touchdown! NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover Safely Lands on Red Planet\". NASA. 18 February 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.  *This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.*\n3. ↑ \"Where is Perseverance?\". *mars.nasa.gov*. NASA. 23 February 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. ↑ mars.nasa.gov. \"Launch Windows\". *mars.nasa.gov* (ēng Eng-gí). 2020-07-31 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ \"Perseverance rover has successfully landed on Mars and sent back its first images\" (ēng Eng-gí). 2021-02-18 khòaⁿ--ê.\n6. ↑ Taylor, Alan. \"Photos: NASA Prepares to Launch the Mars Rover Perseverance - The Atlantic\". *www.theatlantic.com* (ēng Eng-gí). 2020-07-31 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia (hué-tsheñ-tshia; eng-gí: mars rover)\n* Lützen chiàn-e̍k (1632) [en] (Battle of Lützen (1632))\n* Tik-ì-tsì kái-hòng tsiàn-tsing (1813) [en] (German campaign of 1813)\n* Siông-lîm-tôo pîn-hong [en] (Shōrin-zu byōbu)\n* Tsóng-thóng tóng-àn-huat [en] (Presidential Records Act)\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Perseverance rover*** |\n\n* Mars 2020 and *Perseverance* rover official site at NASA\n* YouTube YouTube téng ê **Mars 2020: Overview (2:58; 27 July 2020; NASA)** ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ\n* YouTube YouTube téng ê **Mars 2020: LAUNCH of Rover (6:40; 30 July 2020)** ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ\n* YouTube YouTube téng ê **Mars 2020: LAUNCH of Rover (1:11; 30 July 2020; NASA)** ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ\n* YouTube YouTube téng ê **Mars 2020: LANDING of Rover (3:25; 18 February 2021; NASA)** ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ\n* Mars 2020: LANDING of Rover (3:55pm/et/usa, 18 February 2021\n* Mars 2020 Perseverance Launch Press Kit\n* Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download","meta":{"title":"Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2365,6369,0.37132987910189985],"infobox":["\n\n
    Perseverance hué-tsheñ-tshia
    (Gī-li̍k-hō hué-tsheñ-tshia)
    \nMars 2020 ê tsi̍t pōo-hūn
    \n
    Perseverance hué-tsheñ-tshia teh PTS, 2019-nî 12-gue̍h 17-hō.
    Līng-tshing\n
    Luī-hîng\nHué-tsheñ-tshia
    Tsè-tsō-tsiá\nPTS
    Ki-su̍t tsu-guân
    Tn̂g-tōo\n2.9 m (9 ft 6 in)
    Ti̍t-kìng\n2.7 m (8 ft 10 in)
    Kuân-tōo\n2.2 m (7 ft 3 in)
    Huat-siā tsit-liōng\n1,025 kg (2,260 lb)
    Kong-lu̍t\n110 W (0.15 hp)
    Hui-hîng li̍k-sú
    Huat-siā li̍t-kî\n2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 UTC
    Huat-siā tē-tiám\nCape Canaveral, SLC-41
    Tsiūñ-lio̍k li̍t-kî\n2021 nî 2 goe̍h 18 ji̍t, 20:55 UTC
    Tsiūñ-lio̍k
     tē-tiám    		\n18°26′41″N 77°27′03″E / 18.4447°N 77.4508°E / 18.4447; 77.4508,
    Jezero lòng-kik-khen
    Tsóng sî-tn̂g\n14081h tsū tsiūñ-lio̍k liáu-āu
    Hîng-sú kū-lî\n0 km (0 mi)
    Chia̍t-chí 2021 nî 2 goe̍h 23 ji̍t (2021-02-23)[update]
    Ke-si
    \n
    \n
    KHTH hué-tsheñ-tshia
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6907}} -{"text":"\n\n| Pòaⁿ-tō-théchong-tìchè-chō |\n| --- |\n| |\n| MOSFET scaling(process nodes) |\n| \n* 010 µm – 1971 nî\n* 006 µm – 1974 nî\n* 003 µm – 1977 nî\n* 1.5 µm – 1981 nî\n* 001 µm – 1984 nî\n* 800 nm – 1987 nî\n* 600 nm – 1990 nî\n* 350 nm – 1993 nî\n* 250 nm – 1996 nî\n* 180 nm – 1999 nî\n* 130 nm – 2001 nî\n* 090 nm – 2003 nî\n* 065 nm – 2005 nî\n* 045 nm – 2007 nî\n* 032 nm – 2009 nî\n* 022 nm – 2012 nî\n* 014 nm – 2014 nî\n* 010 nm – 2016 nî\n* 007 nm – 2018 nî\n* 005 nm – 2020 nî\n\n |\n| Bī-lâi\n* 003 nm – *~2022 nî*\n |\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n**Pòaⁿ-tō-thé chong-tì chè-chō** sī the̍h-lâi chè-chō cheng-phìⁿ, chi̍t chióng ji̍t-siông sú-iōng ê tiān-khì kap tiān-chú khì-kiāⁿ tiong chek-thé tiān-lō͘ ê chhú-lí chè-têng. I sī chi̍t hē-lia̍t chiò-siàng kap hòa-ha̍k chhú-lí ê pō͘-sò͘, tī kî-tiong tiān-chú tiān-lō͘ ta̍uh-ta̍uh hêng-sêng tī sú-iōng sûⁿ pòaⁿ-tō-thé châi-liāu chè-chok ê cheng-phìⁿ téng.\n\nSi-lí-khóng sī kin-á-ji̍t siāng chia̍p-khoàiⁿ ê pòaⁿ-tō-thé châi-liāu, kî-thaⁿ iáu-koh ū kok-chióng ho̍k-ha̍p pòaⁿ-tō-thé châi-liāu.\n\nÙi chi̍t khai-sí cheng-îⁿ ka-kang, kàu cheng-phìⁿ hong-chng chhek-chhì, ti̍t-kàu chhut-hòe, thong-siong su-iàu 6 kàu 8 lé-pài, pēng-chhiáⁿ sī tī cheng-îⁿ-chhiúⁿ lāi oân-sêng.\n\nNASA ê Glenn Gián-hoat Tiong-sim ê bû-tîn-sek.\n\nChham-oa̍t\n----------\n\n* Kok-chè Pòaⁿ-tō-thé Ki-su̍t Hoat-tián Nâ-tô͘","meta":{"title":"Pòaⁿ-tō-thé chong-tì chè-chō","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[445,1197,0.3717627401837928],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1477}} -{"text":"**Gê-chiu-pēⁿ-ha̍k** (Hàn-jī: 牙周病學, Eng-gí: *Periodontology*) sī gê-kho kho-ha̍k ê 1 mn̂g ha̍k-būn. *Periodontics* sī èng-iōng tùi gê-chiu pēⁿ-lí ê chai-bat lâi tī-liâu gê-chiu ê pēⁿ.\n\nGê-chiu-cho·-chit\n-----------------\n\nGê-chiu-cho·-chit\nGê-chiu-cho·-chit (Hàn-jī: 牙周組織, Eng-gí: periodontium) sī teh kóng kò·-tēng kap chi-chhî chhùi-khí ê kong-lêng hē-thóng, pau-khoat (1) gê-kut-chit (牙骨質, cementum), (2) gê-chiu-lūn-tòa (牙周韌帶, periododal ligment), (3) gê-chô-kut (齒槽骨, alveolar bone), kap (4) gê-khí-hoāⁿ (khí-hoāⁿ 牙齦, gingiva) 4-ê cho͘-chit. Kiān-khong ê khí-hoāⁿ sī hún-âng-sek--ê, o͘-sek jîn-chióng (Blacks) tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ū o͘-sek ê sek-sò· tī khí-hoāⁿ piáu-bīn, pe̍h-sek jîn-chióng (Caucasians) kap n̂g-sek jîn-chióng (Orientals) khah-chió khoàⁿ--tio̍h. Gê-chô-kut sī kiat-si̍t bē sóa-tāng--ê, i-ê piáu-bīn kak-chit-hòa (角質化, keratinized), ū-sî-chūn koh-ē chhut-hiān 1-koá-á chiâⁿ-sè chiâⁿ-sè ê khang-chhùi, khoàⁿ-tio̍h chhan-chhiuⁿ ná kam-á-phôe (orange peel-like) án-ne, che kiò-chò \"stippling\".\n\nGê-chiu-pēⁿ\n-----------\n\nGê-chiu-pēⁿ (Hàn-jī: 牙周病, Eng-gí: Periodontal diseases) sī teh kóng khí-hoāⁿ kap gê-chiu-cho·-chit hoat-iām chham úi-sok soà--lo̍h-lâi ín-khí ê pēⁿ-thiàⁿ. Gê-gîn-iām kap gê-chiu-iām ē-tit kóng sī gê-khún-pan ín-khí ê chi̍t-pēⁿ. Tī chiâⁿ-chió àn-lē, choân-sin-sèng chi̍t-pēⁿ ē kā gê-chiu-pēⁿ piàn giâm-tiōng he̍k-sī chō-sêng éng-hióng.\n\n**Gê-gîn-iām**:\nGê-gîn-iām (Hàn-jī: 牙齦炎, Eng-gí: Gingivitis) sī kah lán lâng hun-bē-khui--ê, ē-sái-kóng ta̍k-ê lâng long-ū. Kiān-khong ê gê-gîn kap gê-gîn-iām chiâⁿ pháiⁿ hun-pia̍t. Lîm-chhn̂g-siōng, gōa-piáu khoàⁿ--khí-lâi kiān-khong ê gê-gîn tī chou-chit-ha̍k-siōng long chûn-chāi sió-khoá--á ê hoat-iām hiān-siōng. Lîm-chhn̂g-siōng kap chou-chit-ha̍k-siōng ê hoat-iām nā chēng-ka, chiap-ha̍p-siōng-phôe (Hàn-jī: 接合上皮, Eng-gí: junctional epithelium) ê koan-toan-pō͘ (Hàn-jī: 冠端部, Eng-gí: coronal portion) ê ki-té-sè-pau (Hàn-jī: 基底細胞, Eng-gí: Basal cell) toh hiòng-gōa cheng-seng. Chiap-ha̍p-sing-phôe piàn-sêng kah chhùi-khí hun-khui, án-ne sú-tit sè-khún ē-tàng tī chhùi-khí kap siōng-phôe chi-kan ǹg gê-kin hong-hiòng sóa-tāng, hêng-sêng 1-e gê-gîn-tē-á (Hàn-jī: 牙齦囊袋, Eng-gí: gingival and periodontal pocket). Gê-gîn-iām nā piàn giâm-tiōng, ē sú-tit gê-gîn cho͘-chit hoat-seng tòa-chúi (Hàn-jī: 水腫, Eng-gí: edema) kap ké-gê-chiu-tē-á (Hàn-jī: 假牙周囊袋, Eng-gí: pseudopocket). Gê-gîn-tē-á kap ké-gê-chiu-tē-á kin-kù tēng-gī m̄-sī chin-ê ê gê-chiu-tē-á, in-ūi chiap-ha̍p-siōng-phôe bô ǹg khí-kin hong-hiòng thoàⁿ-seng, iā-bô sòng-sit kiat-tè-chou-chit hù-liân (Hàn-jī: 結締組織附連, Eng-gí: connective tissue attachment). Gê-gîn-iām kiám-chái piàn-seng gê-chiu-im. Nā-bô tī-liâu, gê-gîn-iām bô-tek-khak mā-ē ûi-chhî kúi-á tang, kan-taⁿ hoat-im thêng-tou ē-ū piàn-hòa. Nā-ū tī-liâu, gê-gîn-iām ē oân-choân hó--khí.\n\n**Gê-chiu-iām** (Hàn-jī: 牙周炎, Eng-gí: Periodontitis): Gê-chiu-iām hiān-chú-sî iah-sī jîn-lūi chiâⁿ phó·-phiàn ê chi̍t-pēⁿ. Chiù-khí ê hoat-pēⁿ-lu̍t tng-te̍h khoài-sok kàng-kē, iû-kî sī pak-poàⁿ-kiû, gê-chiu-iām ê sî-kiâⁿ thêng-tō· kan-tāⁿ ū sió-khoá kàng-kē. Gê-chiu-iām sī chùi-khí ê chi-chhî chho·-chit ê chi̍t-pēⁿ, sī gê-khún-pan lúi-chip só· ín-khí. I tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī ùi gê-gîn-iām hoat-tián lâi--ê; m̄-koh m̄-sī ta̍k-ê gê-gîn-iām lóng-ē hoat-tián sêng gê-chiu-iām. Bî-seng-bu̍t (pēⁿ-gôan) ê sò͘-lio̍ng kap to̍k-sèng í-ki̍p sok-chú ê té-khòng-la̍t piàn-sò· (bián-ek chōng-thāi) sī gê-chiu-cho·-chit phò-hāi ê chōng-thāi kap chìn-tián ê chú-iàu koat-tēng in-sò͘.","meta":{"title":"Gê-chiu-pēⁿ-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,3536,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3994}} -{"text":"**Tak-chhùi-kó·** (觸嘴古), sī 1-chióng **ná kóng-kó· liān-sian ná liām-koa** ê kháu-thôan gē-su̍t, liû-hêng tī Chiang-chiu, Chôan-chiu, Ē-mn̂g kah Tâi-ôan chià-ê thong-hêng Bân-lâm-gí ê só·-chāi. Tak-chhùi-kó·, ū-ê só·-chāi mā kiò-chòe **phah-chhùi-kó·** (拍嘴鼓), a̍h-sī **tap-chhùi-kó·** (答嘴鼓). \n\nTak-chhùi-kó·, to̍h-sī **tak-chhùi**, **tú-tak**, **pho̍ah chhùi-tûn-phôe-á** ê ì-sù, tak-chhùi koh-kiam kóng-kó· phong-hong. piáu-ián ê siang-hong chóng-sī án-ne \"**lí kóng gōa ìn, gōa kong lí tú** \", gí-giân chhiò-khoe chhù-bī. Ū-sî-á mā ū 1-ê lâng tan-to̍k piáu-ián. \nTak-chhùi-kó· siāng kin-pún ê te̍k-tiám to̍h-sī kóng-ōe ài chhiò-khe, kek-kut, koh ài tàu-kù, chiat-chàu ài kín. \n\nTak-chhùi-kó· tàu-té sī hêng-sêng tī sím-mi̍h sî-chūn, kū-thé mā bô chin chheng-chhó ê kì-chài, m̄-koh tī lê-hn̂g-hì, ka-lé-hì kah ko-kah-hì chià-ê kó·-ló ê hì-bûn lāi-tē khiok-sī tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ē-tàng thiaⁿ-tio̍h tak-chhùi-kó· ê tùi-pe̍h, khó-kiàn tī bîn-kan chin chá to̍h ū teh liû-thôan. \n\nÉng-kòe, tī Bân-lâm ê chng-kha só·-chāi, kiàn-nā ū lâng teh **phah-kûn bē ko·-io̍k** a̍h-sī tú-tio̍h hit-lō **khit-chia̍h beh lâi pun**, to̍h ē-tàng ke-chió thiaⁿ-tio̍h 1-kóa-á tak-chhùi-koa ê piáu-ián. Lēng-gōa, ka sì--khì ê lâng kiâⁿ-hā (居喪), chhiàⁿ hôe-siū a̍h-sī sai-kong lâi chò-kong-tek, mā ē-tàng thiaⁿ-tio̍h tak-chhùi-kó·. Piáu-ian tak-chhùi-kó· ê sî, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ē thiaⁿ-tio̍h **liān-4-kù** ( 4-kù-liân-á ), te̍k-pia̍t sī kè-chhōa a̍i-sī khiā-hà (守喪) ê sî-chūn siōng chia̍p thiaⁿ--tio̍h. Pí-lūn-kóng, sin-niû ji̍p pâng ê sī, hm̂-lâng-pô ( môe-lâng-pô ) keng-siōng ài liān 4-kù : *siang-kha ta̍h-ji̍p lâi, kau-í lióng-pêng pâi; sin-niû sī thian-sài, kiáⁿ-sài chiōng-gôan-châi*. Tī Tâi-ôan ôan-á ū 1-tōaⁿ thôan-thóng ê tap-chhùi-kó·, sī án-ne liām--ê : *a-niû iok tī āu-piah-kau, ke-khang poaⁿ í khì se-thâu, tah-sim nā lâi to̍h khām-sàu, a-ko ia̍t-chhiú niû tìm-thâu*. \n\nTak-chhùi-kó· siāng thôan-thóng ê kio̍k-bo̍k ū *O·-niau O·-káu*, *Chheⁿ-mê hām é-kháu oan-ke*, *A-phiàn koa*. Ah kīn-nî-lâi sin-pián ê chiat-bo̍k mā-ū *Khèng sin-chhun*, *Tiong-chhiu go̍eh-îⁿ*, *Pih chip hui-ki* (鼈追飛機) téng-téng. Tī Tâi-ôan bîn-kan kài sî-kiâⁿ ê 1-chhut, hō·-chòe *Hu-chhe sio-mē*, put-chí-á ū te̍k-sek. Tâi-ôan ê ián-gē hâng-gia̍p hoat-ta̍t, tak-chhùi-kó· chit-chióng soat-chhiùⁿ ê khiok-gē mā chia̍p-chia̍p hō· choan-gia̍p ián-ôan the̍h-lâi piáu-ián. Tī Tâi-ôan, khah chhut-miâ ê tak-chhùi-kó· gē-jîn ài- sǹg *A-kiau kah A-phàu* chit-tùi chó·-ha̍p, in 2-lâng chú-ián ê chok-phín *Sè-sio̍k jîn-seng* kài chhut-miâ.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Tap-chhùi-kó͘","meta":{"title":"Tak-chhùi-kó͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[18,2495,0.007214428857715431],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2918}} -{"text":"\n\nHàn-chok| 汉族/漢族 |\n| |\n| Hàn-cho̍k |\n| Chóng Jîn-kháu |\n| tāi-iok 130 bān |\n| Hun-pò͘ Tē-khu |\n|  Tiong-kok 1,268,375,111 Tâi-oân 23,575,365 Hiong-káng 6,723,786 Ò-mn̂g 663,400 |\n| Gí-giân |\n| Hàn-gí |\n| Chong-kàu Sìn-gióng |\n| bû-chong-kàu, Hu̍t-kàu, Tō-kàu, Jû-kàu, sió-sò͘ sìn-hōng Ki-tok-kàu |\n\n**Hàn-chok** (漢族) sī hiān-tāi Tiong-kok jīn-tēng ê kok-lāi bîn-cho̍k chi it, sī iû Hàn-jîn cho͘-sêng--ê. Tī Tiong-kok í-gōa ê só͘-chāi, ū-sî mā hō-chò **Hôa-cho̍k** (華族).\n\nHàn-cho̍k ê khài-liām\n---------------------\n\n: Hàn (khài-liām) kap Hàn-jîn\n\"Hàn\" chit-ê miâ-chheng, ài kàu Hàn-tiâu khai-sí chiah chhut-hiān. Chóng-sī \"Hàn\", \"Hàn-jîn\", \"Hàn-cho̍k\" ê ì-sù sûi sî-tāi ū bô-kâng ê lí-kái. \n\nKīn-tāi ê chi̍t khoán sī-sū kā Hàn-cho̍k ê khí-goân tui-kiù kàu sîn-ōe lāi ê N̂g-tè, āu-piah sòa Hā, Siong, Chiu 3-ê tiâu-tāi, tī Chun-chiu Chiàn-kok, Chîn, Hàn sî-kî bān-bān tēng-hêng--lo̍h-lâi. Hiān-tāi Tiong-kok-lâng liû-hêng kóng Hàn-cho̍k sī chi̍t-ê 5000-nî kú ê bûn-bêng.\n\nJīn-tông Hàn-cho̍k ê lâng mā ē-tàng kiò-chòe Hàn-jîn, mā ē-tàng sī chi̍t-ê ì-sù chē khoán ê iōng-gí, i-ê chhut-hiān tāi-seng sī kap Hàn-tiâu ū koan-hē, chóng-sī \"Hàn-jīn\" tī bô kâng sî-tāi, só͘-chāi, jîn-kûn tang-tiong ì-sù ū chha. Tī kīn-tāi Tiong-kok, hoat-tián Hàn-cho̍k ê koan-liām, ka Hàn-jîn tòng cho̍k chi̍t khoán bîn-cho̍k (*nation*) ia̍h cho̍k-kûn (*ethnic group*).\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nChiàu koan-hong ê jīn-tēng, Hàn-cho̍k sī Tiong-kok ê chú-thé bîn-cho̍k, kàu-kah 20 sè-kí bóe ê sî-chūn, jîn-khàu chóng-sò͘ chhiau-kòe 12-ek, mā sī sè-kài siōng jîn-kháu siōng-chōe ê bîn-cho̍k.\n\nChong-kàu\n---------\n\nTō-kàu sī Hàn-cho̍k tī le̍k-sú siōng hêng-sêng ê chong-kàu. Che í-gōa, Hàn-cho̍k mā chiap-siū gōa-lâi chong-kàu ê éng-hiáng, chú-iàu sī Hu̍t-kàu, Thian-chú-kàu kah Ki-tok-kàu.\n\nGí-giân bûn-jī\n--------------\n\nHàn-cho̍k ū ka-tī ê gí-giân kah bûn-jī, Hàn-gí-cho̍k (Hàn-gí) sio̍k-î Hàn-Chōng gí-hē, pun-chòe 8-tāi ōe, in sī: Pak-hng-ōe (Koaⁿ-ōe), Ngô͘-gí, Siong-gí, Kàm-gí, Kheh-ka-gí, Bân-lâm-gí, Bân-pak-gí kah Oa̍t-gí. Kok-chióng hong-giân chi-kan, chha-pia̍t chiok tōa--ê, ū-ê hō͘-siong chi-kan bô hoat-tō͘ thong-ōe. Hàn-cho̍k ê kiōng-thong gí-giân sī Phó͘-thong-ōe. Hàn-cho̍k phó͘-piàn sú-iōng ê bûn-jī sī Hàn-jī.\n\nHàn-cho̍k lōe-pō͘ hiat-thóng ê cheng-chha\n-----------------------------------------\n\nTiong-kok ûi-thôan gián-kiù ha̍k-chiá chòe-kūn ū \"tiōng-tāi hoat-hiān\", tang-sî-á it-hiòng hō͘ sè-jîn khòaⁿ-chòe kū-iú kiōng-tông hiat-thóng ê Hàn-cho̍k, kî-si̍t lâm, pak chi-kan ê hoeh-thóng chha-pia̍t put-lí-á tōa, sīm-chì koh pí sió-sò͘ bîn-cho̍k khah tōa. Chit-hāng gián-kiù \"hoat-hiān\", ùi Seng-bu̍t Ûi-thôan-ha̍k ê kak-tō͘ lâi kóng, Tiong-kok ê Hàn-cho̍k chí-put-kò sī 1-ê tī bûn-hòa hong-bīn ôan-chéng ê cho̍k-kûn, ah nā hoeh-thóng to̍h m̄-sī án-ne. \n\nKî-si̍t tī kong-gôan 1929-nî hit-chūn, to̍h bat ū 1-kóa-á Tiong-kok ê ha̍k-chiá hoat-hiān-kóng Hàn-cho̍k ê hoeh-hêng, tī lâm-hong kah pak-hong ū cheng-chha. Chòe-kīn, Tiong-kok Kho-ha̍k-īⁿ Ûi-thôan Kah Hoat-tián-seng-but-hak Gián-kiù-sò͘ (中國科學院遺傳--發展生物學研究所) hù gián-kiù-ôan Ôan Gī-ta̍t (袁義達), tī i chòe-kīn ê tù-chok *Tiong-kok sìⁿ-sī: kûn-thé ûi-thôan kah jîn-kháu hun-pò͘* (中国姓氏：群体遗传和人口分布) tang-tiong chí-chhut, lam, pak Hàn-jîn chi-kan, tī ûi-thôan kiat-kò͘ chit hong-bīn chûn-chāi chha-pia̍t. \n\nÔan Gī-ta̍t chí-chhut, chiong Tiong-kok lâm-hong ê Bú-î-soaⁿ (武夷山) kah Lâm-niá (南嶺) tong-chò hun-kài-sòaⁿ lâi kóng, lâm, pak 2-pêng Hàn-jîn hoeh-thóng chha chin-chōe, sīm-chí chhiau-kòe kok-chū hām tng-tē sió-sò͘ bîn-cho̍k chi-kan ê chha-kū. Ká-sú àn Seng-but Ûi-thôan-ha̍k ê koan-tiám lâi kóng, Tiong-kok ê Hàn-cho̍k siāng-ke chí-sī 1-chióng bûn-hòa siōng ê ôan-chèng kûn-thé. \n\nŪ lâng kun-kù Tiong-kok Kho-ha̍k-īⁿ ê gián-kiù jîn-ôan só͘ siu-chi̍p ê Hàn-cho̍k A,B,O hoeh-hêng sò͘-kù, ōe chhut 1-tiuⁿ Hàn-cho̍k ê tē-he̍k chhin-iân tô͘ (漢族地域親原圖). Chit-tiuⁿ tô͘ piáu-bêng, lâm-hng ê Hàn-jîn (pau-koat Hok-kiàn, Tâi-ôan, Kńg-tang, Hiong-káng, Ò-mn̂g, Kńg-sai, Hái-lâm 7-ê só͘-chāi) kah pak-hng Hàn-jîn (thâu-chêng kóng--ê hia 7-ê só͘-chái í-gōa ê só͘-chāi), in ê seng-bu̍t ûi-thôan kū-lī, pí sè-kan-lâng sióng-siōng--ê khah tōa chin-chōe. \n\nChiam-tùi chit-hāng gián-kiù sêng-kó, Ôan Gī-ta̍t tī-leh chiap-siū Pak-kiaⁿ Kho-ki-po hóng-mn̄g ê sî piáu-sī kóng, lâm kah pak chi-kan hoeh-iân ê chha-pia̍t tī Sòng-tiâu ê sî-tāi to̍h í-keng hêng-sêng, hit-chūn hun-pò͘ ê kui-lu̍t kah hiān-chú-sî ki-pún kāng-khóan. \n\nLâm, pak chit-2-ê khu-he̍k ê Hàn-cho̍k sī án-chóaⁿ hun-hòa--ê neh? Ôan Gi-ta̍t jīn-ûi, Hôa-ha bîn-cho̍k tn̂g-kî í-lâi, tī-leh chhian-î kah chìn-hòa ê kòe-thêng tang-tiong, lâm pak chi-kan put-tōan teh hun-hòa. Pì-jû-kóng, pak-hng-lâng chú-iàu chham pek-pêng ê sió-sò͘ bîn-cho̍k kau-óng, pek-hng ê sió-sò͘ bîn-cho̍k ū Hiong-lô͘, Sian-pi, Tu̍t-khoat, Kiuⁿ-cho̍k, Bông-kó͘-cho̍k chia-ê sio̍k-î pak Bông-kó͘ jîn-chéng (北蒙古人種) ê bîn-cho̍k. Lâm-hng ê Kńg-tang, Kńg-sai, Hok-kiàn, Tâi-ôan chia-ê só͘-chāi ê Hàn-cho̍k, chú-iàu chham lâm-hng ê sió-sò͘ bîn-cho̍k seng-o̍ah chò-hóe, lam-hng ê sió-sò͘ bîn-cho̍k lóng-chóng sio̍k-î lâm Bông-kó͘ jîn-chéng. \n\nTiong-kok ê pak-hong, thó͘-tē pêⁿ-tháⁿ, jîn-lūi ê chhian-î khah kōe, khah chia̍p. Mā si in-ūi án-ne, pak-hong kok bîn-cho̍k chi-kan hō͘-siong tông-hòa ê sok-tō͘ pí lam-hong khah kín, pak-hong ê gí-giân thóng-it mā iâⁿ-kòe lâm-hong chin-chōe. Tiong-kok lâm-hong tē-khu, te̍k-pia̍t sī Bú-î-soaⁿ kah Lâm-niá ê lâm--sì, soaⁿ-kôan niá-kiā, khe hô kau-chhap, tē-hêng hui-siông ho̍k-cha̍p, jîn-kháu chhian-î khah bô hiah-nī kán-tan, cho̍k-kûn chi-kan ê tông-hòa sok-tō͘ mā khah bān, lâm-hong kok cho̍k-kûn chi-kan ê gí-giân chha-pia̍t to̍h koh-khah tōa. \n\nÔan Gī-ta̍t chí-chhut, kúi-nā-chheng nî lâi, Hàn-cho̍k chìn-hòa ê le̍k-sú mā chèng-bêng lâm, pak chi-kan ê chha-pia̍t, che sī 1-chióng kûn-thé ûi-thôan ki-in ê bô-kâng. Bûn-hòa ê chha-pia̍t, pau-koat gí-giân ê bô-kâng, lóng-chóng ē-tàng thong-kòe kok-ka ê chèng-chhek kah hoat-lēng, tī bô-lōa-kú liáu-āu sok-sè chha-pia̍t, put-jī-kò, kúi-chheng-nî lâi chō-sêng ê ûi-thôan ki-in chi-kan ê chha-pia̍t khiok-sī bô hoat-tō͘ thang kái-piàn, che sī pún-chit ê chha-pia̍t.\n\nKoh khòaⁿ\n---------\n\n* Tn̂g-lâng\n* Hàn-jîn\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* 袁义达 (2002). *中国姓氏――群体遗传和人口分布* (ēng Hôa-gí). 华东师范大学出版社. ISBN 9787561727690.\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong-kok ê hoat-tēng bîn-cho̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Hàn-cho̍k‎ - Hôe-cho̍k‎ - Pe̍h-cho̍k‎ - Bông-kó͘-cho̍k‎ - Tang-hiong-cho̍k - Thó͘-cho̍k - Daur-cho̍k - Pó-an-cho̍k - Yughur-cho̍k - Boán-chiu-cho̍k - Sek-peh-cho̍k - Evenk-cho̍k - Hek-tiat-cho̍k - Oroqen-cho̍k - Uyghur-cho̍k - Kazakh-cho̍k - Kyrgyz-cho̍k - Salar-cho̍k - Uzbek-cho̍k - Tatar-cho̍k - Chōng-cho̍k - Monpa-cho̍k - Î-cho̍k - Ha-nî-cho̍k - La̍t-chhek-cho̍k - Lá-hō͘-cho̍k - La̍p-se-cho̍k - Jino-cho̍k - Nō͘-cho̍k - Kiuⁿ-cho̍k - Pumi-cho̍k - Kéng-pho-cho̍k - A-chhiong-cho̍k - Thó͘-ka-cho̍k - To̍k-liông-cho̍k - Lhoba-cho̍k - Chòng-cho̍k - Tāi-cho̍k - Pò͘-i-cho̍k - Tong-cho̍k - Chúi-cho̍k - Mulao-cho̍k - Mô͘-lâm-cho̍k - Lê-cho̍k - Gut-láu-cho̍k - Biâu-cho̍k - Iâu-cho̍k - Siâ-cho̍k - Va-cho̍k - Pò͘-láng-cho̍k - Oa̍t-lâm-lâng - Tek-gông-cho̍k - Lō͘-se-a-lâng - Tajik-cho̍k - Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k - Hân-bîn-cho̍k - Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85024235\n* BNF: cb15083878c (data)\n* MusicBrainz: 1c3e0be4-6882-4cd4-afcd-e99a90d8ab62\n* NDL: 00573881\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Hàn-cho̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1403,7058,0.19878152451119296],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8307}} -{"text":"\n\nGô͘ Chok-tòng \n吴作栋| Gô͘ Chok-tòng |\n| Sin-ka-pho kok-bū chu-chèng |\n| Chiū-jīm | 2004 nî 8 goe̍h 12 ji̍t |\n| Sià-jīm | iáu chāi-jīm |\n| Chêng-jīm | Lí Kong-iāu |\n| Chóng-lí | Lí Hián-liông |\n| Sin-ka-pho chóng-lí |\n| Jīm sò͘ | Tē 2 jīm |\n| Chiū-jīm | 1990 nî 11 goe̍h 28 ji̍t |\n| Sià-jīm | 2004 nî 8 goe̍h 12 ji̍t |\n| Chêng-jīm | Lí Kong-iāu |\n| Āu-jīm | Lí Hián-liông |\n| Ki-pún chu-liāu |\n| Chhut-sì | 1941 nî 5 goe̍h 20 ji̍t |\n| Chhut-sì-tē | Sin-ka-pho |\n| Chèng-tóng | Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng |\n\n**Gô͘ Chok-tòng** (**吴作棟/Goh Chok Tong**, 1941 nî 5 goe̍h 20 ji̍t chhut-sì ), 1990 nî Lí Kong-iāu thè-ūi liáu-āu, chiap-jīm Sin-ka-pho tē-jī jīm chóng-lí, 1992 nî khai-sí chò Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng ê pì-su-tiúⁿ ti̍t-kàu 2004 nî 12 goe̍h. 2004 nî 8 goe̍h chóng-lí sià-jīm āu, chiâⁿ-chò Sin-ka-pho kok-bū chu-chèng.\n\nGô͘ Chok-tòng chhut-sì tī Sin-ka-pho, 1961 nî ji̍p-khì Sin-ka-pho Kok-li̍p Tāi-ha̍k tha̍k-chheh, 1964 nî tit-tio̍h keng-chè-ha̍k It-téng Êng-ū Ha̍k-ūi, sio-kāng tī chit-nî, i khai-sí tiàm chèng-hú pō͘-bûn jīm-chit. 1966 nî, Gô͘ Chok-tòng khì Bí-kok Ui-liâm-sū Ha̍k-īⁿ (Williams institute) liû-ha̍k chhim-chō, tit-tio̍h hoat-tián keng-chè-ha̍k sek-sū ê ha̍k-ūi. Tò-tńg kàu Sin-ka-pho liáu-āu, i bat tī Sin-ka-pho Hái-hông Lûn-chûn Kong-si chò kang, pēng-chhiáⁿ tī 1973 nî chiâⁿ-chòe chit-keng kong-si ê táng-sū keng-lí. 1976 nî, Gô͘ Chok-tòng tit-tio̍h Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng ê thê-po̍at, chham-sóan kok-hōe gī-ôan, jî-chhiáⁿ sūn-lī tòng-sóan. 1977 nî, i chìn-ji̍p chèng-hú lōe-koh, chhut-jīm Châi-chèng-pō͘ pō͘-tiúⁿ, 1979 nî iū-koh chiâⁿ-chòe Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng Tiong-iong Chip-hêng Úi-ôan-hōe úi-ôan, āu--lâi iū-koh chêng-āu chò kòe kok-ka Bō͘-kang pō͘-tiúⁿ, Ōe-seng pō͘-tiúⁿ kah Kok-hông pō͘-tiúⁿ. 1990 nî, Lí Kong-iāu koat-tēng beh thè-ūi ê sî, chôan-thé lōe-koh sêng-ôan thong-kòe tâu-phiò, koat-tēng iû Gô͘ Chok-tòng chhut-lâi chiap-jīm kok-ka ê chóng-lí. Lí Kong-iāu iu-gôan chò lōe-koh chu-chèng. 1992 nî 12 ge̍h, Gô͘ Chok-tòng chiap-jīm Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng ê pì-su-tiúⁿ. Chāi i ê léng-tō hā, Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng tī 1997 nî kah 2001 nî ê sóan-kí tang-tiong, lóng iâⁿ-tit liáu chin tōa ê sèng-lī. \n\n2003 nî bóe, Gô͘ Chok-tòng soan-pò͘ chiong-beh tī 2-nî āu sî-chit, iû hù-chóng-lí Lí Hián-liông chiap-pan. Mā-sī in-ūi Lí Hián-liông sī Lí Kong-iāu ê hāu-siⁿ, só͘-í, chit-hāng jīm-bēng siū-tio̍h gōa-kài chin-chōe lâng ê giâu-gî kah iu-lū. \n\nGô͘ Chok-tòng ê ke-āu sī 1-ê lu̍t-su, in ang-á-bó͘ chit-sì-lâng lóng-chóng seⁿ-io̍k 1-tùi siang-siⁿ-kiáⁿ (Liông-hōng-thai).\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nSin-ka-pho chóng-lí |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n1. Lí Kong-iāu (1959–1990)\n2. Gô͘ Chok-tòng (1990–2004)\n3. Lí Hián-liông (2004– )\n\n | Sin-ka-pho Kok-hui |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Gô͘ Chok-tòng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[497,2477,0.2006459426725878],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3068}} -{"text":"Tâi-tāi Pēⁿ-īⁿ\n**Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k I-ha̍k-īⁿ Hù-siat Pēⁿ-īⁿ** (國立臺灣大學附設醫院), kán-chheng **Tâi-tāi Pēⁿ-īⁿ** (臺大醫院), sī Tâi-oân ê chi̍t keng kong-li̍p pēⁿ-īⁿ, mā sī Tâi-oân tē-it keng thê-kiong se-iûⁿ-sek i-liâu ho̍k-bū ê chèng-hú i-liâu ki-koan, chóng īⁿ-khu tī Tâi-pak-chhī Tiong-san-lâm-lō͘, lēng-gōa tī choân Tâi-oân kok-tē mā ū hun-chi īⁿ-khu. Tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi chho͘-kî 1895 nî chhòng-kiàn, hit-tang-chūn ti̍t-sio̍k tī Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú, lo̍h-bóe chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-pak Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k Hù-sio̍k Pēⁿ-īⁿ; āu-lâi keng-kòe chē pái piàn-hòa, chiâⁿ-chò hiān-chhú-sî ê Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k I-ha̍k-īⁿ ê kàu-ha̍k pēⁿ-īⁿ. Tâi-tāi Pēⁿ-īⁿ sī Ōe-hok-pō͘ siāng koân phêng-kip ê i-ha̍k tiong-sim, mā sī Tâi-oân i-liâu thé-hē tiōng-iàu ê hông-ia̍h ki-kò͘. Tī koaⁿ-gâm, khì-koan î-si̍t, phīⁿ-ian-gâm, gâm-chèng chín-toàn tī-liâu kap seng-i kng-tiān siōng ê sian-hong gián-kiù sêng-chiū, mā tit-tio̍h kok-chè ê khéng-tēng.","meta":{"title":"Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k I-ha̍k-īⁿ Hù-siat Pēⁿ-īⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,955,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1083}} -{"text":"\n***Khián-sîn Tông-o̍h kap Niau-soaⁿ Tông-o̍h*** (***Inugami Tông-o̍h kap Nekoyama Tông-o̍h***, Ji̍t-gí: 犬神さんと猫山さん), sī Kuzusiro (くずしろ) oē--ê Ji̍t-pún pek-ha̍p-hē (-系) 4 keh bàng-gah chok-phín. Khan tī It-sìn-siā (一迅社) chhut-pán--ê bàng-gah cha̍p-chì *Pek-ha̍p-ki* (百合姬) 2012 nî 1 goe̍h hō (ùi 2011 nî 11 goe̍h 18 ji̍t khí bē).\n\nKò͘-sū Tāi-iàu (大要)\n-------------------\n\nKhián-sîn Pat-chhian-tāi (犬神八千代) khóng (コン) niáu-á, Niau-soaⁿ Lêng khóng káu-á. Chit 2-ê miâ kap hèng-chhù lóng bô-kâng--ê cha-bó͘ gín-á, tng chhun-tiⁿ--ê 1 kang sio tú-tio̍h. Tùi-hong goā-māu kap khì-chi̍t kap ka-kī--ê hèng -chhù hui-siông ha̍h, in nn̄g-lâng mā kín-kín kàu chêng-ì tîⁿ-mî (纏綿)--ê kèng-kài...\n\nKak-sek\n-------\n\n**Khián-sîn Pat-chhian-tāi** (犬神八千代 (いぬがみ やちよ) Inugami Yachiyo)\n\nPhoè-im-oân: Siōng-pán Kín (上坂堇, Sumire Uesaka)\nChú-kak, 16 hoè, 1 Nî A Pan--ê ha̍k-seng, nā káu--ê niau-phài (派). do-M (ドＭ). Sêng-chek chin-hó, khah gâu sò͘-ha̍k.\n**Niau-soaⁿ Lêng** (貓山鈴 (ねこやま すず) Nekoyama Suzu)\n\nPhoè-im-oân: Tang-soaⁿ Nāi-iong (東山奈央, Tōyama Nao)\n16 hoè, 1 Nî B Pan--ê. Nā niau-á--ê káu-phài. Khuài pì-sù--ê ngō͘-kiau (傲嬌, tsundere) siàu-lú.\nkap tāi-ha̍k 2 nî--ê a-chí chò-hoé seng-oa̍h.\n**Tiong-bo̍k Chhiu** (柊木秋 (ひいらぎ あき) Hiiragi Aki)\n\nPhoè-im-oân: Toā-peⁿ Iû-ka (大坪由佳 Ōtsubo Yuka)\n16 hoè, 1 Nî B Pan--ê. Sio̍k tī kiàm-tō Siā (劍道). Khián-sîn kap Niau-soaⁿ--ê pêng-iú, kok-tiong chi̍t nî tio̍h se̍k-sāi Khián-sîn, ko-tiong sî kap Niau-san kâng pan. Khah gâu kok-gí.\nSè-hàn sî siū káu-á kā koh hō͘ niau-á jiáu-tio̍h, só͘-í bô koàn-chhoàn kap tōng-bu̍t chò-hoé.\n**Tō͘-siông Bí-hi-im** (杜松美希音 (ねず みきね) Nezu Mikine)\n\nPhoè-im-oân: Khut-iá Sa-iá-ka (堀野紗也加 Horino Sayaka)\n1 Nî B Pan--ê, sió-tōng-bu̍t hē (小動物系). Sio̍k tī Seng-bu̍t Siā, pīⁿ siang (雙) thâu-chang-boé. Sin-tn̂g kah Niau-soaⁿ Lêng kâng-khoán sè, in-chhú mā hō͘ Pat-chhian-tāi kah-ì.\n**Gû-jio̍k Soat-lō͘** (牛若雪路 (うしわか ゆきじ) Ushiwaka Yukiji)\n\nPhoè-im-oân: Têng-pún Kûi (藤本葵 Fujimoto Aoi)\n2 nî-á. Seng-bu̍t Siā siā-tiúⁿ, un-jiû--ê tī-jú-hē (治癒系) siàu-lú. Gín-á-sî tio̍h se̍k-sāi tō͘-siông, bô khah gâu chhú-lí âng-sek--ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ.\n**Oân-hui Khong** (猿飛空 (さるとび そら) Sarutobi Sora)\n\nPhoè-im-oân: Tiông-hông Siông-chú (長弘翔子 Nagahiro Shōko)\n1 nî A pan--ê pan-tiú. Koà ba̍k-kiàⁿ, ū ka-pi-sek pho-lōng hêng--ê tn̂g thâu-chang. Lia̍h kián-sîn choè tùi-tshiú.\n**Chiáu-chhī Hûn-chhiok** (鳥飼雲雀 (とりかい ひばり) Torikai Hibari)\n\nPhoè-im-oân: Soaⁿ-kiā Erii (山崎エリイ Yamazaki Erii)\n1 nî B pan. In-ūi tio̍h-pēⁿ tn̂g-kî toà-īⁿ, kap Oân-hui sī tiok-má-chi-kau (竹馬之交).\n**Niau-soaⁿ Chu-hí** (貓山珠喜 (ねこやま たまき) Nekoyama Tamaki)\n\nPhoè-im-oân: Goân-tiân Hitomi (原田ひとみ Harada Hitomi)\nTāi-ha̍k 2 nî. Niau-soaⁿ Lêng--ê a-chí.\n**Hó-seng chin-lê** (虎生真梨 (とらお まり) Torao Mari)\n\nHa̍k-seng-hoē (-會) hoē-tiúⁿ. Goā-māu súi, m̄-koh kóng-oē tèng-to̍k (釘毒), sin mā khek-po̍k (刻薄). M̄-koh bê i--ê chin chē. kah-ì iá-kiû (野球).\n**Lêng-kiā it-ki** (龍崎乙姫 (りゅうさき おとめ) Ryûsaki Otome\n\nHa̍k-seng-hoē hù-hoē-tiúⁿ (副-). Bīn iân-tâu--ê bí-jîn, tī lú-hāu tiong chhin-chhiūⁿ ông-chú kâng-khoán. ka Hó-seng kâng-khoán, fans chin-chē, kah-ì iá-kiû.\n\nBàng-gah Chu-sìn\n----------------\n\nKuzusiro *Khián-sîn Tông-o̍h kap Niau-soaⁿ Tông-o̍h*, It-sìn-siā *Pek-ha̍p-ki Bàng-gah* (百合姫コミックス), sài-sù (size) sī A5.\n\n| 冊數 | It-sìn-siā |\n| --- | --- |\n| cho-pán hoàn-bē ji̍t-kî | ISBN |\n| 1 | 2013 nî 1 goe̍h 18 ji̍t | ISBN 978-4-7580-7224-3 |\n| 2 | 2013 nî 11 goe̍h 18 ji̍t | ISBN 978-4-7580-7279-3 |\n| 3 | 2014 nî 4 goe̍h 18 ji̍t | ISBN 978-4-7580-7299-1 |\n\nTiān-sī Tōng-oē\n---------------\n\nTī 2014 nî 1 goe̍h bē--ê *Bàng-gah Pek-ha̍p-ki* 2014 nî 3 goe̍h hō piáu-sī, chok-phín beh kái-pian choè té-tōng-oē. Beh tī kâng-nî 4 goe̍h--ê Saitama Tiān-sī-tâi (埼玉電視台), Kanagawa Tiān-sī-tâi (神奈川電視台), Kiaⁿ-to͘ Hòng-sàng, SUN Tiān-sī-tâi pò͘-chhut. mā ū NICONICO bāng-lō͘ hòng-sàng.\n\nTōng-oē hòng-sàng--ê 1 lé-pài chêng (2014 nî 4 goe̍h 3 ji̍t) hòng-sàng phoè-im-goân ián-chhut--ê choan-thoân chiat-bo̍k.\n\n### Khang-khuè Sêng-oân\n\n* Kam-tok (監督): Éng-ki Sīn-pêng (永居慎平)\n* Kak-sek siat-kè kap chò-oē kam-tok: Miura Takehiro (みうらたけひろ)\n* Im-hióng kam-tok: Toā-sek Chèng-sèng (大室正勝)\n* Chè-chok chhut-phín: Dream Creation\n* Im-hióng chè-chok: DAX International Inc.\n* Tōng-oē chè-chok: Seven\n* Chè-chok: Kat-siâⁿ (葛城) 12 Chi (支) Ha̍k-hn̂g Seng-bu̍t Pō͘ (部)\n\n### Chú-tê-khek\n\n**Choa̍t-tùi♡Ho̍k-chiông Soan-giân** (絶対♡服従宣言)\n\nChok-sû: Sió-lîm tiat-iá (小林哲也), Siâⁿ-kiā Maria(城ヶ崎マリア)\nChok-khek, pian-khek: Sió-lîm tiat-iā\nChú-chiùⁿ: Khián-sîn Pat-chhian-tāi (Siōng-pán Kín) × Niau-soaⁿ Lêng (Tang-soaⁿ Nāi-iong)\n**Beauty Boy**\n\nChok-sû: Sió-lîm tiat-iá, Siâⁿ-kiā Maria(城ヶ崎マリア)\nChok-khek, pian-khek: Sió-lîm tiat-iā\nChú-chiùⁿ: Niau-soaⁿ Lêng (Tang-soaⁿ Nāi-iong)\nTē 5 chi̍p tiong chò chhap-ji̍t-khek (-曲). Goân-pún sī tiōng-oē *Strange Plus* (ストレンジ・プラス)--ê chú-tê-khek.\n### Ta̍k-chi̍p (集) Lia̍t-toaⁿ\n\n| Chi̍p | Ji̍t-gí piau-tê | Piau-tê hoan-ek | Hun-kiàⁿ (分鏡) | Ián-chhut | Chok-oē kam-tok | Phìⁿ-boé chhap-oē |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1st | 犬神さんと猫山さん | Khián-sîn tông-o̍h kap Niau-soaⁿ Tông-o̍h | Éng-ki Sīn-pêng (永居慎平) | Tek-lāi Chông (竹內崇) | Sam-phó͘ Bú-khoan (三浦武寬) | Namori |\n| 2nd | 牛若さんと杜松さん | Niû-jio̍k Tông-o̍h kap Tō͘-siông Tông-o̍h | Sam-phó͘ Bú-khoanBé-tiûⁿ Lêng-it (馬場龍一) | Chhong-tiân Hu (倉田噓) |\n| 3rd | 猫山さんとまたたび茶 | Niau-san Tông-o̍h kap bo̍k-tian-liáu (木天蓼) tê | Kiong-hiáu Siù (宮曉秀) | Chō͘-iá Ka-chiau (助野嘉昭) |\n| 4th | 猫山さんとメガネ | Niau-san Tông-o̍h kap ba̍k-kiàⁿ | Kiat-tiân Tiāu (吉田肇) | Têng-chi Ngá (藤枝雅) |\n| 5th | 猫山さんとカラオケ | Niau-san Tông-o̍h kap Kha-lá-ó͘-khe | Pún-tiân Chhòng-it (本田創一) | Saburouta (サブロウタ) |\n| 6th | 犬神さんと猫山さんと休日 | Khián-sîn Tông-o̍h kap Niau-soaⁿ Tông-o̍h kap Kà-ji̍t | Tāi-chhoan Bí-sūi-chú (大川美穗子) | Goân Iû-i (原悠衣) |\n| 7th | 犬神さんと猿飛さん | Khián-sîn Tông-o̍h kap Oân-hui tông-o̍h | Pak-chhoan Sûn-it (北村淳一) | Chheng-chúi Iông-it (清水陽一) | Benisyake (べにしゃけ) |\n| 8th | 犬神さんと鳥飼さん | Khián-sîn Tông-o̍h kap Chiáu-chhī Tông-o̍h | Éng-ki Sīn-pêng | Bé-tiûⁿ Lêng-it | Hong-chéⁿ Cherry (荒井チェリー) |\n| 9th | 犬神さんと痴話喧嘩 | Khián-sîn Tông-o̍h kap chiah-chhò͘ oan-ke | I-tîn liông-thài (伊藤良太) | I-tîn liông-thàiTek-lāi Chông | I-tîn liông-thài | Hô-hap Lóng (河合朗) |\n| 10th | 猫山さんとプール開き | Niau-soaⁿ Tong-o̍h kap Iú-éng-tî khui-hòng | Pak-chhoan Sûn-it | Goân-kiú Iá (源久也) |\n| 11th | 猫山さんと風邪の日 | Niau-soaⁿ Tông-o̍h kap kôaⁿ-tio̍h--ê ji̍t | Siáu-chhoan Iu-sū (小川優樹) | Kiat-tiân Tiāu | Bú-lê Eri (武梨えり) |\n\n### Hòng-sàng Tiān-sī-tâi\n\n **Ji̍t-pún chhim-iā tōng-oē**: ē-kha kì--ê sî-kan chú-iāu sī Ji̍t-pún piau-chún sî-kan (UTC+9), si̍t-chè hòng-sàng--ê sî hoân-sè tī keh-ji̍t poàⁿ-mê ia̍h thàu-chá.\n\n| Hòng-sàng-tē | Tiān-sī-tâi | Ji̍t-kî | Sî-kan (UTC+9) | Liân-pò͘-bāng | Chù |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Saitama-koān | Saitama tiān-sī-tâi | 2014 nî 4 goe̍h 3 ji̍t - | Pài 4 25:00 - 25:05 | To̍k-li̍p UHF Kio̍k (-局) | |\n| Kiaⁿ-to͘-hú | Kiaⁿ-to͘ Hòng-sàng | Pài 4 26:00 - 26:05 | |\n| Kanagawa-koān | Kanagawa Tiān-sī-tâi | 2014 nî 4 goe̍h 4 ji̍t - | Pài 5 25:10 - 25:15 | |\n| Choân Ji̍t-pún | AT-X | 2014 nî 4 goe̍h 6 ji̍t - | Lé-pài 18:25 - 18:30 | Oē-cheⁿ Tiān-sī | |\n| Hyôgo-koān(兵庫-) | SUN Tiān-sī-tâ | 2014 nî 4 goe̍h 7 ji̍t - | Pài 1 26:30 - 26:35 | To̍k-li̍p UHF Kio̍k | |\n| Choân Ji̍t-pún | NICONICO Tōng-oē | bô khak-tēng | bô khak-tēng | Bāng-lo͘ Tiān-sī | |\n| BANDAI Channel | |\n\nChù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Ji̍t-gí--ê \"pō͘\" ì-sù sī siā(-thoân).\n\nGoā-kháu liân-kiat\n------------------\n\n* (Ji̍t-pún-gí)It-sìn-siā WEB bàng-gah Pek-ha̍p-ki\n* (Ji̍t-pún-gí)TV tōng-oē *Khián-sîn Tông-o̍h kap Niau-soaⁿ Tông-o̍h* chèng-sek bāng-chām\n* (Ji̍t-pún-gí)Hit-ê tong-oē--ê Twitter hō͘-thâu","meta":{"title":"Khián-sîn Tông-o̍h kap Niau-soaⁿ Tông-o̍h","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2850,7074,0.4028837998303647],"infobox":["
    Ji̍t-bûn siá-hoat
    Ji̍t-bûn\n犬神さんと猫山さん
    Kana\nいぬがみさんとねこやまさん
    Hepburn-sek Lô-má-jī\nInugami-san to Nekoyama-san
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":8678}} -{"text":"**Choân-bîn Tâi-gí Jīn-chèng** (iā kán chheng chò \"Tâi-gí Jīn-chèng\") sī iû Tâi-oân Sêng-kong Tāi-ha̍k ê Tâi-oân Gí-bûn Chhek-giām Tiong-sim só͘ gián-hoat ê Choân-bîn Tâi-gí Lêng-le̍k Hun-kip Jīn-chèng Chhek-giām. Siāng chá sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ úi-thok Sêng-tāi ê thoân-tūi lâi gián-hoat, āu-lâi chiū iû Sêng-tāi ê Tâi-oân Gí-bûn Chhek-giām Tiong-sim ka-tī hū-chek pān-lí. Tong-chhoe-sî, ē gián-hoat che Tâi-gí Jīn-chèng sī ūi-tio̍h beh ài ū chi̍t-thò phiau-chún lâi chhek-giām tiong-ha̍k kap kok-hāu ê lāu-su a̍h-sī chi-oân ê kàu-io̍k jîn-oân in ê Tâi-gí lêng-le̍k. Chit thò jīn-chèng ê lêng-le̍k hun-kip sī pí-chiàu Au-chiu Kiōng-tông Giân-gí Chham-khó Phiau-chún, chiong khó-seng tùi Tâi-gí ê se̍k-chhiú thêng-tō͘ pun chò 6 ê kai-kip.\n\nChham-khó Lâi-goân\n------------------\n\n* 國立成功大學台灣語文測驗中心\n* 全民台語認證專業版及體驗版專網\n* 中小學生台語認證專網\n* 海翁台語文教學季刊2010第七期 台語認證專刊報導\n* 何信翰2009〈台灣需要台語認證－台語認證簡介kap預算hōo立法院總thâi記事〉《海翁台語文學教學季刊》6期，頁12-18。\n* Chiung, Wi-vun. 2010. The Development of the Taiwanese Proficiency Test. Journal of Taiwanese Vernacular. 2(2),pp82-103.","meta":{"title":"Choân-bîn Tâi-gí Jīn-chèng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[337,1097,0.3072014585232452],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1262}} -{"text":"Su-má Chhian, Se-hàn le̍k-sú-ha̍k-ka kap bûn-ha̍k-ka\n**Hàn-tiâu** (Hàn-jī: 漢朝; chêng-202 nî－220 nî) sī Tiong-kok le̍k-sú siāng-kè Chîn-tiâu liáu-āu chhut-hiān ê tiâu-tē, pun-choè Sai-hàn (chêng-202 nî -9 nî) kap Tong-hàn (25 nî －220 nî) nn̄g ê le̍k-sú sî-kî. \n\nHàn Ko-chó͘ Lâu Pang (劉邦) teng-ki liáu-āu, siat sam-kong kap káu-kheng, chhái-chhú hō͘ bîn-chiòng hioh-khùn, chheng-chēng bô ūi ê n̂g-lāu chèng-chhek. kó͘-lē seng-sán, khin-iàu po̍h hù. Lâu Pang óng-seng liáu-āu, Lū-hō͘ (呂后) chiáng-koân. Lū-hō͘ chô saⁿ-ûi-sêng-siòng, iân ēng Lâu Pang ê n̂g-lāu chèng-tī ê chèng-chhek. Āu-pái chiu pu̍t, Tîn Pêng (陳平) i lāu sîn hoat-tōng chèng-piàn, chàm sat chu Lū, hoè-tiāu Lâu Hông (劉弘), ngiâ li̍p Hàn Thài-chó͘ Lâu Pang sì chí Tāi-ông Lâu Hêng (代王劉恆) ûi tè, chit chiū-sī Hàn Bûn-tè. Tho-hô Hàn Kéng-tè chāi-ūi kî-kan, kè-sio̍k chhái-chhú n̂g-lāu su-sióng. Bú-tè thóng-tī sî-kî (chêng-141 nî —-chêng-87 nî) , chhái-chhú liáu chi̍t hē-lia̍t kái-kek chhò͘-si, chèng-tī siōng ka-kiông hông koân, siah-jio̍k chu hâu sè-le̍k, bûn-hoà-siōng pā-lut pah ka, ta̍k chun jû su̍t. Bú-tè sí-khì liáu-āu Hàn-tiâu chiū soe-jio̍k lo̍h-khì.\n\nTè-ông\n------\n\n### Se Hàn\n\n### Tang Hàn\n\nSiong-koan\n----------","meta":{"title":"Hàn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1145,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1352}} -{"text":"tóng-àn:HamasLogo.jpgHamas ê kì-jīn, téng-koân ū 2-ki sio-ché ê to, Sèng-chi̍oh îⁿ-chhú-koà Bīo-sī ê tô· hām in sim-lāi ê Filastiniyya léng-thó·.\n**Hamas** (حماس) sī Palestine sīong-toā ê Islam-kàu cho·-chit, 1987-nî khí-ki, in chi̍t-bīn chò siā-hoē hok-lī ê khang-khoè, chi̍t-bīn ēng po̍k-le̍k chhui-sak in ê chèng-tī chú-tiuⁿ.\n\nHamas sī **Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya** ê kán-siá (A-la-pek-gí: حركة المقاومة الاسلامية), ì-sù sī \"Islam-kàu tú-te̍k ūn-tōng\", hamas chit-ê jī tī A-la-pek-gí mā-sī 'jia̍t-sim' ia̍h-sī 'jia̍t-sèng' ê ì-sù.\n\nHamas chit-má hō· Europa Liân-bêng, Canada, Bí-kok, Australia kap Í-sek-lia̍t-kok soan-pò chò khióng-pò· cho·-chit. Chóng--sī in tī 2006-nî Filastiniyya kok-hoē tāi-soán toā-iâⁿ liáu-āu, pān-phoe in tùi Sai-lâm-a ê kok-chè koan-hē hām chèng-tī hoat-tián, lóng ē ū chiâⁿ toā ê éng-híong.\n\nChèng-tī chú-tiuⁿ\n-----------------\n\nHamas ê bo̍k-phiau sī beh khí-chō 1-ê Islam-kàu kok-ka, chit-ê kok-ka ê léng-thó·, ti̍oh pau-koah hiān-chhú-sî ê Í-sek-lia̍t-kok, Cisjordan (\"Sai-hōaⁿ\") kap Gaza tē-khu.\n\nHamas ê hiàn-chiuⁿ tû-khì ū siá beh kā Í-sek-lia̍t-kok bia̍t-bô, mā beh kā jīn-hô sè-sio̍k ê Filastiniyya chèng-hú bia̍t-bô, koh beh kā hui-Islam-kàu ê lâng koáⁿ lī-khui in kok, beh khí-chō 1-ê Filastiniyya ê Islam-kàu kīong-hô-kok.\n\nUī-ti̍oh beh ta̍k-sêng téng-thâu chit-ê bo̍k-phiau, in kian-chhî ēng bú-le̍k lâi tú-te̍k, ū pò-tō kóng Hamas kî-tiong 1-ê khai-ki-chó· Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi, bat soan-pò Hamas ūn-tōng ê bo̍k-phiau, sī beh \"kā Í-sek-lia̍t-kok tùi tē-tô· téng-koân phah-chhat-siau \".\n\nHamas tī 2006-nî 1-goe̍h Filastiniyya ê kok-hoē soán-kí toā-iâⁿ, the̍h-ti̍oh 42.9 % ê soán-phìo, khah-chē-koè chìn-chêng chip-chèng ê Fatah, kok-hoē lóng-chóng 132-sek lāi-té, in chiàm 74-sek.\n\nTī kēng-soán ê sî-chūn, Hamas ê soan-giân bô kóng beh \"kā Í-sek-lia̍t-kok bia̍t-bô \", m̄-koh îu-goân ū kúi-ā-ê in ê hāu-soán-jîn kian-chhî chit-ê chú-tiuⁿ.\n\nKhíong-pò· oa̍h-tōng\n--------------------\n\nHamas tī 1993-nî 4-goe̍h 16 thâu-chi̍t-pái ēng chū-sat chà-toâⁿ kong-ke̍k, in ēng 1-tâi chài chà-i̍oh ê pà-suh tī 2-tâi chhah tī chhan-tiaⁿ ê pà-suh tiong-kan po̍k-chà, āu--lâi in kóng he sī beh thè 29-ê tī Hebron Chheng-chin-sī kòe-sin ê Filastiniyya-lâng pò-sîu, Hebron Chheng-chin-sī chìn-chêng chiah hō· 1-ê Îu-thài-lâng kong-ke̍k.\n\nChóng--sī téng-bīn chit-kiāⁿ tāi-chì í-keng sī Hamas chū 1989-nî í-lâi ê tē-19 kiāⁿ po̍k-le̍k oa̍h-tōng--ah, in khah-chá sī ēng chhèng, lia̍h-hāu-á hām ēng to lâi chò po̍k-le̍k kong-ke̍k.\n\nHamas soà--lo̍h-lâi koh tuì Í-sek-lia̍t-kok chìn-hêng chē-chē pái ê kong-ke̍k, toā-pō·-hūn sī thàu-koè in ê kun-sū cho·-chit Ezzedeen-al-qassam (كتائب الشهيد عز الدين القسام) Kun-thoân chò--ê.\n\nSīong-kái siong-tīong ê kong-ke̍k, sī 2002-nî 3-goe̍h 27 tī Netanya 1-keng pn̄g-tiàm ê po̍k-chà, ū 30-ê lâng koè-sin, 140-ê lâng ti̍oh-siong. Kin-kì thóng-kè, 2002-nî 11-goe̍h kàu 2004-nî 4-goe̍h, Í-sek-lia̍t-kok ê peh-sèⁿ-lâng hām kun-jîn, í-kéng ū 377-ê in-ūi Hamas ê kong-ke̍k sí--khì, 2,076-ê lâng ti̍oh-siong.","meta":{"title":"Hamas","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2887,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3354}} -{"text":"Tâi-2-sòaⁿ ê phiau-chì\n**Tâi-2-sòaⁿ** (Hàn-jī: 台2線) sī Tâi-oân ê chi̍t tiâu séng-tō, sī pin-hái kong-lō͘ hē-thóng ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, kan-sòaⁿ chhǹg-kòe Ke-lâng Pak-hái-hōaⁿ tē-khu, sai-pêng tùi Sin-pak-chhī Tām-chúi-khu Tek-ûi ê Kan-tāu Tōa-kiô (mā sī Tâi-15-sòaⁿ khí-tiám), tang-pêng kàu Gî-lân-koān So͘-ò-tìn (chiap Tâi-9-sòaⁿ So͘-hoa-kái khí-tiám), choân-tn̂g 167.674 km. Kî-tiong Tām-chúi kàu Kim-san lō͘-tōaⁿ hō-chò **Tām-kim Kong-lō͘** (淡金公路), Kim-san kàu Ke-lâng lō͘-tōaⁿ sī **Ki-kim-kong-lō͘** (基金公路), chit nn̄g-ê le̍k-sú kú-tn̂g, lóng sī Pak-hái-hōaⁿ kok khu ê tiōng-iàu liân-lo̍k tō-lō͘. Ke-lâng kàu So͘-ò lō͘-tōaⁿ sī **Pak-pō͘ Pin-hái Kong-lō͘** (北部濱海公路), sī Tâi-pak to͘-hōe-khu kap Gî-lân chi-kan ê 3 tiâu kau-thong iàu-tō chi-it, kî-thaⁿ nn̄g tiâu sī Kok-tō 5 Hō kap Tâi-9-sòaⁿ Pak-gî Kong-lō͘. \n\nTâi-2-sòaⁿ koh ū 7 tiâu chi-sòaⁿ, sī choân Tâi-oân siōng chē ·ê.\n\nChi-sòaⁿ\n--------\n\n### Kah-sòaⁿ\n\n**Tâi-2-it-sòaⁿ** (臺2甲線) tn̂g-tō͘ 36.863 km, chū Sin-pak-chhī Kim-san-khu khí-thâu, keng-kòe Iûⁿ-bêng-soaⁿ kàu Tâi-pak-chhī Tiong-san-khu hām Tâi-1-kah-sòaⁿ kau-chhe (Tiong-san-pak-lō͘ Bīn-khoân-tang/sai-lō͘ lō͘-kháu), kî-tiong Kim-san chì Iûⁿ-bêng-soaⁿ lō͘-tōaⁿ kiò-chò **Iûⁿ-kim Kong-lō͘** (陽金公路).\n\n### It-sòaⁿ\n\n**Tâi-2-it-sòaⁿ** (臺2乙線), tiō sī **Pak-tām Kong-lō͘** (北淡公路), tn̂g-tō͘ 25.279 km, tùi Tâi-pak-chhī Tāi-tông-khu Tōa-kiô-thâu khai-sím, iân Tiōng-khèng-pak-lō͘ ǹg pak keng-kòe Sū-lîm-khu, chiong-tiám sī Pak-tâu-khu Sin-pak-chhī Kim-san-khu Nâ-á (林子).\n\n### Piáⁿ-sòaⁿ\n\n**Tâi-2-piáⁿ-sòaⁿ** (臺2丙線), tiō sī **Ki-hok Kong-lō͘** (基福公路), tn̂g-tō͘ 29.957 km, khí-tiám sī Ke-lâng-chhī Loán-loán-khu Pat-tó͘, chiong-tiám sī Sin-pak-chhī Kòng-liâu-khu Hok-liông.\n\n### Téng-sòaⁿ\n\n**Tâi-2-teng-sòaⁿ** (臺2丁線), tiō sī **Sūi-pat Kong-lō͘** (瑞八公路), tn̂g-tō͘ 13.390 km, tùi Ke-lâng-chhī Loán-loán-khu Pat-tó͘ iân Ke-lâng-hô chúi-thâu kàu Sin-pak-chhī Sūi-hong-khu, koh ǹg pak tī Sūi-pin chiap-tio̍h Tâi-2-sòaⁿ kan-sòaⁿ.\n\n### Bō͘-sòaⁿ\n\n**Tâi-2-teng-sòaⁿ** (臺2戊線), tn̂g-tō͘ 12.838 km, khí-tiám sī Gî-lân-koān Gō͘-kiat-hiong Chheng-chúi, chiong-tiám sī Gî-lân-koān So͘-ò-tìn Lâm-hong-ò, sī Tâi-2-sòaⁿ **Gî-lân Lâm-tōaⁿ Kū-sòaⁿ, mā sī** So͘-ò-tìn Basay tē-khu tùi-gōa liân-lo̍k tō-lō͘.\n\n### Kí-sòaⁿ\n\n**Tâi-2-kí-sòaⁿ** (臺2己線), tiō sī **Ke-lâng-káng Sai-hōaⁿ Liân-gōa Tō-lō͘** (基隆港西岸聯外道路), tn̂g-tō͘ 4.219 km.\n\n### Keⁿ-sòaⁿ\n\n**Tâi-2-keⁿ-sòaⁿ** (臺2庚線), goân-pún sī **Koān-tō 190 Hō** (Thâu-siâⁿ – Jī-siâⁿ) tn̂g-tō͘ 3.741 km. Tùi Gî-lân-koān Thâu-siâⁿ-tìn pûn-chhe ·chhut-lâi, ǹg sai-lâm kàu Jī-siâⁿ chiap-tio̍h Tâi-9-sòaⁿ kap Kok-tō 5 Hō Thâu-siâⁿ Kau-liû-tō.\n\nTâi-2-sòaⁿ ê chi-sòaⁿ.\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Tâi-2-sòaⁿ*** |\n\n* Kau-thong-pō͘ Kong-lō͘ Chóng-kio̍k\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân ê séng-tō |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Khoài-sok kong-lō͘ hē-thóng | \n* 61\n\t+ Kah ·It\n* 62\n\t+ Kah\n* 63\n\t+ Kah\n* 64\n* 65\n* 66\n* 68\n\t+ Kah\n* 72\n* 74\n\t+ Kah\n* 76\n* 78\n* 82\n* 84\n* 86\n* 88\n\n | |\n| |\n| Khoân-tó kong-lō͘ hē-thóng | \n* 1\n\t+ Kah ·It ·Piáⁿ ·Teng ·Bō͘ ·Kí\n* 9\n\t+ Kah ·It ·Piáⁿ ·Teng ·Bō͘\n\n |\n| |\n| Hoâiⁿ-koàn kong-lō͘ hē-thóng | \n* 7\n\t+ Kah ·It ·Piáⁿ ·Teng\n* 8\n\t+ Kah\n* 16\n* 20\n\t+ Kah ·It\n\n |\n| |\n| Chhiòng-koàn kong-lō͘ hē-thóng | \n* 3\n\t+ Kah ·It ·Piáⁿ\n* 13\n\t+ Kah\n* 19\n\t+ Kah\n* 21\n\t+ Kah\n* 29\n\n |\n| |\n| Pin-hái kong-lō͘ hē-thóng | \n* 2\n\t+ Kah ·It ·Piáⁿ ·Teng ·Bō͘ ·Kí ·Keⁿ\n* 11\n\t+ Kah ·It ·Piáⁿ\n* 15\n\t+ Kah\n* 17\n\t+ Kah\n\t+ It\n* 26\n\n |\n| |\n| Ko-thih liân-goā kong-lō͘ | \n* 31\n* 35\n* 37\n* 39\n\n |\n| |\n| Liân-lo̍k kong-lō͘ hē-thóng | \n* 4\n* 5\n\t+ Kah\n* 6\n* 10\n\t+ It\n* 12\n* 14\n\t+ Kah ·It ·Piáⁿ ·Teng\n* 18\n* 22\n* 23\n* 24\n* 25\n* 27\n\t+ Kah\n* 28\n* 30\n\n |\n| |\n| Tâi-oân ê kong-lō͘ ê hun-kip: Kok-tō - Séng-tō - Koān-tō (Chhī-tō) - Hiong-tō (Khu-tō) - Choan-iōng kong-lō͘ |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi-2-sòaⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[786,3372,0.23309608540925267],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4534}} -{"text":"Academic journalPang-bô͘:SHORTDESC:Academic journal\n**Pediatrics (kî-khan)** (Sió-jî-kho (kî-khan); ing-gú: Pediatrics (journal)) sī-iû Bí-kok sió-jî-kho ha̍k-huē [en] tshut-pán ê tông-hâng phîng-sím [en] i-ha̍k kî-khan [en]. Tī 1948-nî 1-gue̍h tshòng-khan-hō tang-tiong, tsit-ê kî-khan ê tē-1 jīm tsóng pian-tsi̍p [en] Hugh McCulloch tshián-su̍t tsit-ê kî-khan ê guān-kíng: \"Tsit-ê kî-khan ê luē-iông......tsong-tsí teh hâm-kài kui-ê gín-á teh sing-lí, sim-lí, tsîng-kám hong-bīn ê su-kiû hām siā-huē kiat-kòo [en]. Suán-ti̍k \"Pediatrics\" (sió-jî-kho) tsit-ê sû lâi piáu-sī tsit-tsióng phóo-phiàn khuan-hông ê ì-tôo.\n\nTsū 1948-nî 1-gue̍h í-lâi, Bí-kok sió-jî-kho ha̍k-huē [en] liân-suà tshut-pán \"Sió-jî-kho ha̍k\". Kin-kì \"Kî-khan ín-bûn pò-kò [en]\" (Journal Citation Report), tsit-ê kî-khan 2020-nî ê íng-hióng tsí-sòo [en] uî 7.124, teh \"Sió-jî-kho ha̍k\" luī-pia̍t ê 119-tsióng kî-khan tang-tiong pâi-miâ tē-4 miâ.\n\nLi̍k-jīm tsóng-pian-tsi̍p\n-------------------------\n\n*Pediatrics* li̍k-jîm tsóng pian-tsi̍p [en] ju-hā sóo-sī:\n\n* 1948–1954 Hugh McCulloch\n* 1954–1961 Charles D. May\n* 1962–1974 Clement A. Smith\n* 1974–2009 Jerold F. Lucey\n* 2009 – bo̍k-tsiân Lewis First\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Journals Ranked by Impact: Pediatrics\". *2020 Journal Citation Reports*. Web of Science (Science pán.). Thomson Reuters. 2021.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ \"Pediatrics Editorial Board\". American Academy of Pediatrics. 12 July 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* tsóng pian-tsi̍p [en]\n* Sin-thé-lí ê chóng-lūn\n* Kong-iōng ê io̍h-hng\n* i-io̍h ê chhiú-chheh\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Pediatrics (kî-khan)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[811,1824,0.4446271929824561],"infobox":["
    Pediatrics (kî-khan)
    Discipline\nSió-jî-kho ha̍k [en]
    Gí-gên\nIng-gú
    Edited by\nLewis First
    Tshut-pán siông-tsîng
    Li̍k-sú\n1948 – bo̍ktsiân
    Publisher\n
    Frequency\nGue̍h kî-khan
    \n7.124 (2020)
    ISO 4\nFind out here
    Sok-ín
    CODEN ·JSTOR (alt) ·LCCN (alt)
    MIAR ·NLM (alt) ·Scopus
    ISSN\n0031-4005 (print)
    1098-4275 (web)
    Lên-ket
    \n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1755}} -{"text":"**Tâi-Ji̍t Hî-gia̍p Hia̍p-tēng** (臺日漁業協議), chèng-sek miâ-chheng hō-chò **A-tong Koan-hē Hia̍p-hōe ú Kong-ek Châi-thoân Hoat-jîn Kau-liû Hia̍p-hōe Hî-gia̍p Hia̍p-gī** (亞東關係協會與公益財團法人交流協會漁業協議), sī Tâi-oân hām Ji̍t-pún tī 2013 nî 4 goe̍h 10 hō tī Tâi-pak-chhī ê Tâi-pak Pin-koán tiàu-khai tē-17 chhù Tâi-Ji̍t hî-gia̍p hōe-tâm liáu-āu só͘ chhiam-sú ê bûn-kiāⁿ, chiam-tùi siang-hong tī Tiò-hî-tâi lia̍t-sū chiu-ûi têng-thia̍p choan-sio̍k keng-chè hái-he̍k ê hî-gia̍p chok-gia̍p an-pâi ta̍t-sêng hia̍p-gī, pēng bô sia̍p-ki̍p siang-hong tùi chú-khoân ê chú-tiuⁿ. Chit hāng hia̍p-gī tī 5 goe̍h 10 hō seng-hāu. Tâi-oân hong-bīn, iû Gōa-kau-pō͘ só͘-sio̍k A-tong Koan-hē Hia̍p-hōe hōe-tiúⁿ Liāu Liáu-í tam-jīm thoân-tiúⁿ, Gōa-kau-pō͘, Hêng-chèng-īⁿ Hái-gān Sûn-hông-sú, Hêng-chèng-īⁿ Lông-gia̍p Úi-oân-hōe Hî-gia̍p-sú siong-koan jîn-oân chham-ka; Ji̍t-pún hong-bīn, iû Kong-ek Châi-thoân Hoat-jîn Kau-liû Hia̍p-hōe hōe-tiúⁿ Oohashi Mitsuo tam-jīm thoân-tiúⁿ, Ji̍t-pún Gōa-bū Séng, Lông-lîm Chúi-sán Séng só͘-sio̍k Chúi-sán Thiaⁿ, Hái-siōng Pó-an Thiaⁿ siong-koan jîn-oân chhut-se̍k.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-Ji̍t Hî-gia̍p Hia̍p-tēng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1100,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1238}} -{"text":"\n\n**Songhai Tè-kok**, sī Sai-hui kó͘-kok, 15 sè-kí tio̍h 16 sè-kí siōng sēng, sī Sat-hek-le̍k tē-khu choè-āu chi̍t-ê o͘-hō͘ thó͘-tù ê toā tè-kok. \n\n7 sè-kí ê sî-chūn Songhai-lâng tī tan-tiō kiàn-li̍p sió ông-kok, liáu-āu chhiân-tio̍h Ka-ò, chêng-āu sîn-sio̍k Ghana Tè-kok kap Mali Tè-kok, chiām-chiām kui sio̍k I-su-lân-kàu. 15 sè-kí liáu hō͘-kî, Sonni Ali to̍h sī-ūi liáu-āu iân Nî-ji̍t-hô tāi-le̍k khok-tiong, chiàm-niá Mali Tè-kok ê tiong-sim siâⁿ-chhī Têng-pa-khek-tô͘, chèng-sek kiàn-li̍p Songhai Tè-kok. Songhai siōng-sēng sî-kî ê léng-thó͘ sai kàu tāi-se-iûⁿ, tong kàu hô-sat-lâng khu-he̍k, pak kàu Mô͘-lo̍k-ko lâm-kéng. \n\nSonni Ali sí liáu-āu kok-ka hām-ji̍p lāi-loān, 1549-nî teng-ūi ê Askia bat-chi̍t-thō͘ tiông-chìn tè-kok, nā i tī 1582-nî óng-seng liáu-āu, tè-ūi kè-sêng būn-tê lēng tè-kok koh hām-ji̍p chi̍t-pái lāi-loān. 1590-nî, Mô͘-lo̍k-ko phài-khián sì-chheng-lâng ê kun-tūi ji̍p-chhim, 1591-nî 3-goe̍h kek-pāi ūi-sò͘ iok sì-bān lāng nā bú-khì tì-cham ê Songhai-kun, chiàm-niá Ka-ò, Têng-pa-khek-tô͘ tán pak, Songhai Tè-kok sòaⁿ-liáu-liáu.\n\n1. ↑ Bethwell A. Ogot, *Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century*, (UNESCO Publishing, 2000), 303.\n2. ↑ Taagepera 1979, pp. 497.","meta":{"title":"Songhai Tè-kok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[962,2021,0.4760019792182088],"infobox":["\n\n
    Songhai Empire
    \nc. 1464–1591
    \n\"The
    The territorial extent of the Songhai Empire in c. 1500.
    Siú-to͘\nGao
    Thong-iōng gí-giân\nSonghai, Malinké, Mandinka, Fulani, Bozo, Soninke, Hausa, Mooré
    Chong-kàu
    		\nSunni Islam, Traditional African religions
    Chèng-hú\nEmpire
    Sonni (King), later Askia (Emperor)\n 
    • 1464–1492
    		\nSunni Ali
    • 1492–1493
    		\nSonni Bāru
    • 1493–1528
    		\nAskia the Great
    • 1529–1531
    		\nAskia Musa
    • 1531–1537
    		\nAskia Benkan
    • 1537–1539
    		\nAskia Isma'il
    • 1539–1549
    		\nAskia Ishaq I
    • 1549–1582/1583
    		\nAskia Daoud
    • 1588–1592
    		\nAskia Ishaq II
    Le̍k-sú sî-kî\nPostclassical Era
    • Songhai state emerges at Gao
    		\nc. 1000
    • independence from Mali Empire
    		\nc. 1430 nî
    • Sunni Dynasty begins
    		\n1468
    • Askiya Dynasty begins
    		\n1493
    • Songhai Empire falls
    		\n1591 nî
    • Dendi Kingdom continues
    		\n1592
    Bīn-chek
    1550\n800,000 km2 (310,000 sq mi)
    Hoè-pè\n(Cowry shells, and gold coins)
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    í-chêng kok-ka    		í-āu kok-ka
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"\"Mali Empire
    \"\"Gao Empire
    		\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Saadi dynasty\"\"
    Pashalik of Timbuktu\"\"
    Dendi Kingdom\"\"
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1355}} -{"text":"**Sî-sek** (hàn. 時式; eng. *fashion* \"Óa-im: \"*hóe-siohn*\"\"; hoat. *mode*) ia̍h **sî-iūⁿ** (-樣), **sî-khoán** (-款); he̍k-chiá **sî-mo͘** (-髦), **sî-siōng** (-尚) sī sî-sio̍k liû-hêng ê chhēng-chhah kap sú-iōng mi̍h-kiāⁿ ê khoán-sek. Sî-sek tī siā-hōe siōng piáu-hiān lâng ê sèng-chit, seng-oa̍h ê hong-sek koh ū siā-hōe, keng-chè kap bûn-hòa pōe-kéng.\n\nSî-sek, nā chiàu *fashion* tī Eng-kok ha̍k-su̍t khan-bu̍t *Fashion Theory* só͘ tēng ê chi̍t khoán ì-sù, ē-tàng kóng sī \"kū-thé-hòa ê sin-hūn ê bûn-hòa kiàn-chō\" (*the cultural construction of the embodied identity*).\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Ogawa Naoyosi, pian. (1931). \"時式\". *Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten* 臺日大辭典 [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*] (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí).\n2. ↑ John Macgowan (1883). \"Mode (fashion)\". *English and Chinese dictionary of the Amoy dialect*.\n3. ↑ Valerie Steele (2004). \"Fashion\". Chū Valerie Steele. *Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion*. Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 0-684-31394-4.","meta":{"title":"Sî-sek","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[313,851,0.36780258519388953],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1038}} -{"text":"Pieter Bruegel de Oude ê chok-phín *Pa-pia̍t Thah*.\n**Pa-pia̍t Thah** (Hi-pek-lâi-gí: מגדל בבל‎ *Migdal Bavel* A-la-pek-gí: برج بابل‎ *Burj Babil*) sī Sèng-keng ê Chhòng-sè-kì lāi-bīn kì-chài ê chi̍t chō thah, khí tī teh Babylon. \n\nKun-kù Sèng-keng, Pa-pia̍t Thah sī hit-tong-sî ê jîn-lūi ūi-tio̍h beh thàng-óng thiⁿ-téng lâi liân-ha̍p khí-chō ê. Āu-bóe Sîn kā in ê gí-giân piàn lōan, chó͘-tòng in-ê kè-ōe.\n\nGián-kiù\n--------\n\nKhó-lêng sī Pa-pia̍t Thah khài-liām lâi-goân ê Etemenanki, chi̍t chō *ziggurat*.\nSèng-keng lāi-bīn ê kì-lio̍k, chiàu chi̍t khoán hiān-tāi ha̍k-chiá ê khoàⁿ-hoat, sī kun-kù lâng tùi Sin Pa-pí-lûn ông-tiâu só͘ khí ê chi̍t chō ziggurat kiàn-tio̍k ê ìn-siōng. Ha̍k-chiá mā jīn-ûi Pa-pia̍t Thah ê kì-sū sī saⁿ-lām liáu sîn-ōe kap chi̍t kóa Mesopotamia bûn-hòa tng kap Hi-pek-lâi chiap-chhiok ê sî-tāi ê si̍t-chāi chêng-hêng. Sèng-keng gián-kiù-chiá chí chhut Chhòng-sè-kì sī chē hāng lâi-goân ê cho͘-ha̍p, tāi-khāi sī Iû-tāi Ông-kok hō͘ Pa-pí-lûn cheng-ho̍k ê sî-chūn, tong-sî chin chē Hi-pe̍k-lâi lâng hông sàng kòe Pa-pí-lûn, chiap-chhiok hia chāi-tē ê sîn-ōe. Lēng-gōa, tī Sumer sîn-ōe lāi-bīn, ia̍h ū koan-hē pún-lâi lâng tan-it ê giân-gí siū sîn-bêng Enki kap Enlil piàn chē khoán ê kò͘-sū.\n\nChham-khó bo̍k-lio̍k\n--------------------\n\n* Nardo, Don (2007). *The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of Ancient Mesopotamia*. Greenhaven Press. ISBN 978-0-7377-3441-6.\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\n1. ↑ Nardo 2007, Babylon\n2. ↑ Nardo 2007, Tower of Babel","meta":{"title":"Pa-pia̍t-thah","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[145,1354,0.10709010339734121],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1629}} -{"text":"**Tông-si** (唐诗), sī Hàn-bûn ê 1-chióng bûn-ha̍k thé-châi, chhut-hiān tī Tiong-kok kó·-tāi ê Tông-tiâu. Tông-sī hêng-bûn kang-chéng, khòaⁿ-tiōng ūn-lu̍t, tan kù ê jī-sò· lâi kóng, pun-chòe ngó·-giân-si kah chhit-giân-si; àn-chiàu si ê phian-hok, koh ē-tit ka pun-chòe cho̍at-kù, lu̍t-si kah ga̍k-hú. \n\nBô kāng sî-tāi chhòng-chok ê si-bûn, hong-keh mā bô kāng-khóan. Chóng--ê lâi kóng, Tông-si pun-chòe sì-ê kai-tōaⁿ: chá-Tông, sēng-Tông, tiong-Tông kah bóan-Tông (初唐、盛唐、中唐、晚唐).\n\nChá-Tông sî-tāi\n---------------\n\nTī chá-Tông sī-tāi ê chho·-kî, si-jîn ki-pún sī kè-sêng Lâm-tiâu kiong-thé-si ê hong-keh, iōng-sû chō-kù khah hi-hoa khang-phàⁿ (绮丽空洞), tāi-piáu hong-keh sī siōng-koan-thé (上官体), chú-iàu ê si-jîn ū Lí Sè-bîn (李世民), Gû Sè-lâm (虞世南), Thú Liāng (禇亮), Lí Pek-iok (李百药), Siōng-Koan-gî (上官仪), Siōng-Koan-Óan-jî (上官婉儿) téng-téng ê jîn-bu̍t. \n\nChá-Tông tiong-kî, khah ū-miâ ê si-jîn tāi-piáu sī **bûn-chiong sù-iú** (文章四友) kah **Sòng-Sím-thé** (沈宋体). Bûn-chiong sù-iú to̍h-sī **Lí Kiāu** (李峤), **So· Bī-tō** (苏味道) **Chhui Iông** (崔融) kah **Tō· Sím-giân** (杜审言) 4-ê lâng. **Sòng-Sím-thé** ê tāi-piáu jîn-bu̍t sī **Sím Chôan-kî** (沈佺期) kah **Sòng Chi-būn** (宋之问). In sui-jiân chē-chió lóng ū bat-tio̍h **kiong-thé-si** ê àu-bī (Hôa-gí:不良习气), put-jī-kò ū-tang-sî-á mā ē chhut chi̍t-kóa-á biâu-siá chin-si̍t chêng-kám ê hó si-bûn. \n\nChá-Tông sî-tāi khah mńg-khî ê si-jîn chú-iàu sī **Ông Chek** (王绩) kah **chho·-Tông sù-kia̍t** (初唐四杰) ê **Ông Pu̍t** (王勃), **Iûⁿ Kéng** (杨炯), **Lô· Chiàu-lîn** (卢照邻) kah **Lo̍k Bin-ông** (骆宾王)chià 5-ê lâng. In that-tû (Hôa-gí:剔除) hia-ê beh-sí-nā-haiⁿ ê kiong-têng-si chin-chiàⁿ ah-bī (Hôa-gí:蹩腳) ê hong-keh, iōng chin-si̍t ê kám-siū teh biâu-siá hiān-si̍t ê seng-o̍ah. \n\nTân Chú-gông (陈子昂) sī Tông-si chhòng-chok siāng-khai-sí ê sī-chūn, tī-leh si-bûn kái-kek chit hong-bīn, kòng-hiàn chin-chiàⁿ tōa ê si-jîn, i chêng-keng tōa-tàⁿ lâi kái-liông si-bûn ê hong-keh. I siá--ê si, chhio-tiô kiam khek-phek, súi-khùi koh sèng-keh. Ē-sái kóng **Tân Chú-gông** sī liân-chiap chá-Tông kah sèng-Tông sî-kî kài tiōng-iàu, kài úi-tāi ê si-jîn.\n\nSēng-Tông\n---------\n\nSēng-Tông sî-kî, choh si ê phài-hē chiâⁿ chē. \n\nSēng-Tông chho·-kî ê si-jîn, lán chai-iáⁿ--ê, ū Tiuⁿ Kiú-lêng (张九龄), Ông Hàn (王翰), Ông Oan (王湾) kah **ngô·-tiong sù-iú** ê Hō Ti-chiong (贺知章), Pau Iông (包融), Tiuⁿ Hiok (张旭) Lâu Sīn-hu (刘昚虚). \n\nTiân-gôan-phài (田园诗派) ê si-jîn, ū Bēng Hō-jiân (孟浩然), Ông Ûi (王维), Tû Kong-hi (储光羲), Siông Kiàn (常建), Chó· Ióng (祖咏), Phôe Te̍k (裴迪), Kî Bû-chiâm (綦毋潜), Khu Ûi (丘为) téng-téng. \n\nPian-kiong-phài ê (边塞诗派), ū Ko Sek (高适), Gîm Som (岑参), Ông Chhiong-lêng (王昌龄), Ông Chi-hòan (王之涣), Chhui-hó (崔颢), Lí Him (李欣) téng-téng. \n\nSin-jîn **Lí Pe̍k** (李白), lâng kiò \"si-sian\" (诗仙), i choh kòe chiok-chōe kah tng-sî ê koaⁿ-tiûⁿ, siā-hōe iú-koan ê su-chêng-si5，piáu-hiān chhut hui-hôan ê phāu-hū kah móa-pak ê kek-chêng, í-ki̍p hô-kiap ê khì-khài. I ê si tāi-piáu tio̍h sēng-Tông sî-kî ê koa-si hit-chióng chhiong-móa tàu-chì kah phāu-hū ê chú-tê. \n\nSēng-Tông sî-kî, lēng-gōa 1-ūi úi-tāi ê si-jîn sī **Tō· Hú** (杜甫), lâng kiò **si-sèng** (诗聖), i siá--ê si tōa-to-sò· sī hóan-èng tng-sî **siā-hōe tòng-lōan, koaⁿ-tiûⁿ o·-àm, jîn-bîn khó·-chhó·** chit-chióng ê hiān-si̍t chêng-hêng, só·-í i ê si mā hō· lâng kā pí-lū chòe sú-si (史诗). Tō· Hú iū-koh sī \"sin-ga̍k-hú\" si-thé ê khui-lō·-lâng. I ê ga̍k-hú-si, chhiok-sêng tio̍h āu--lāi tiong-Tông sî-tāi sin-ga̍k-hú si-thé ê ūn-tòng.\n\nTiong-Tông\n----------\n\nBóan-Tông\n---------","meta":{"title":"Tông-si","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,3342,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3994}} -{"text":"\nSò͘-ha̍k siōng, **hâng-lia̍t** (Hàn-jī: 行列, Eng-gí: matrix) sī chi̍t-kóa iàu-sò͘ cho͘-sêng ê tn̂g-ko-hêng tīn-lia̍t. Sòaⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘ tiong choan-mn̂g gián-kiù hâng-lia̍t ê hun-chi ha̍k-kho sī hâng-lia̍t-lūn, i sī sòaⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘ siōng kái tiōng-iàu ê chú-tê chi-it.\n\nTēng-gī\n-------\n\nHâng-lia̍t sī chi̍t chióng tn̂g-ko-hêng tīn-lia̍t, tīn-lia̍t lāi-tē ê múi chi̍t ba̍k lóng kiò-chò **iàu-sò͘** (Hàn-jī: 要素, Eng-gí: element, entry), in khó-lêng sī sò͘-jī, hû-hō, sò͘-ha̍k-sek ia̍h sī kî-thaⁿ ê sò͘-ha̍k mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Jî-chhiáⁿ koh ū kúi-nā chióng ūn-soàn ē-tàng ēng. \n\nHâng-lia̍t lāi-té hoâiⁿ ê chi̍t pâi iàu-sò͘ kiò-chò **chōa** (Hàn-jī: 逝, Eng-gí: row), chhiòng ê chi̍t pâi iàu-sò͘ kiò-chò **khiā** (Hàn-jī: 徛, Eng-gí: column).\nIt-poaⁿ lâng leh gián-kiù ê hâng-lia̍t, iàu-sò͘ lóng sī sò͘-jī khah chē. Nā-chún chi̍t ê hâng-liat ê iàu-sò͘ lóng sī {\\displaystyle K} ê goân-sò͘, lán tiō kóng che hâng-lia̍t sī \"tī thé {\\displaystyle K} téng-koân\" ·ê. Nā chit ê thé sī si̍t-sò͘, tiō chiâⁿ-chò **si̍t hâng-lia̍t** (實行列); nā sī ho̍k-cha̍p-sò͘, tiō chiâⁿ-chò **ho̍k hâng-lia̍t** (複行列).\n\n### Tōa-sè\n\nHâng-lia̍t ê **tōa-sè** (Hàn-jī: 大細, Eng-gí: size) tiō sī leh kóng i ū jōa-che chōa kap khiā. Siat-sú chi̍t ê hâng-lia̍t ū {\\displaystyle m} chōa, {\\displaystyle n} khiā, i ê tōa-sè tiō sī {\\displaystyle m\\times n}, lán kóng i sī \"{\\displaystyle m\\times n} hâng-lia̍t\", che ài ēng Eng-gí tha̍k-chò *m by n*.\n\nKan-taⁿ ū chi̍t chōa ê hâng-lia̍t kiò-chò chōa-hiòng-liōng; kan-taⁿ ū chi̍t khiā ê hâng-lia̍t kiò-chò khiā-hiòng-liōng; chōa kap khiā pêⁿ-chē ê hâng-lia̍t kiò-chò sù-hong hâng-lia̍t.\n\nOverview of a matrix size| Miâ | Tōa-sè | Lē | Biâu-su̍t |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Chōa-hiòng-liōng | {\\displaystyle 1\\times n} | {\\displaystyle {\\begin{pmatrix}3&1&-9\\end{pmatrix}}} | Kan-taⁿ ū chi̍t chōa ê hâng-lia̍t, ū-sî tiō the̍h lâi piáu-sī hiòng-liōng |\n| Khiā-hiòng-liōng | {\\displaystyle n\\times 1} | {\\displaystyle {\\begin{pmatrix}5\\\\0\\\\3\\end{pmatrix}}} | Kan-taⁿ ū chi̍t khiā ê hâng-lia̍t, ū-sî tiō the̍h lâi piáu-sī hiòng-liōng |\n| Square matrix | {\\displaystyle n\\times n} | {\\displaystyle {\\begin{pmatrix}2&5&9\\\\8&-1&0\\\\6&4&3\\end{pmatrix}}} | Chōa kap khiā pêⁿ-chē ê hâng-lia̍t. |\n\nKì-hō\n-----\n\nKā iàu-sò͘ lóng siá ·chhut-lâi ê sī, hâng-lia̍t it-poaⁿ sī ēng goe̍h-bâi-tiám ia̍h sī oat-bó͘-tiám pau ·khí-lâi, chhin-chhiūⁿ\n\n{\\displaystyle \\mathbf {A} ={\\begin{bmatrix}a\\_{11}&a\\_{12}&\\cdots &a\\_{1n}\\\\a\\_{21}&a\\_{22}&\\cdots &a\\_{2n}\\\\\\vdots &\\vdots &\\ddots &\\vdots \\\\a\\_{m1}&a\\_{m2}&\\cdots &a\\_{mn}\\end{bmatrix}}={\\begin{pmatrix}a\\_{11}&a\\_{12}&\\cdots &a\\_{1n}\\\\a\\_{21}&a\\_{22}&\\cdots &a\\_{2n}\\\\\\vdots &\\vdots &\\ddots &\\vdots \\\\a\\_{m1}&a\\_{m2}&\\cdots &a\\_{mn}\\end{pmatrix}}=\\left\\{a\\_{ij}\\right\\}\\_{}.}\n\nKi-pún ūn-soàn\n--------------\n\nLán ē-sái tùi hâng-lia̍t chìn-hêng kúi-nā chióng ūn-soàn, pau-koat *ka-hoat*, *sûn-liōng-chek*, *choán-tì*, *sêng-hoat*, *chōa-ūn-soàn*, kap *chú-hâng-lia̍t*.\n\n### Ka-hoat\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Hâng-lia̍t ê ka-hoat\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{pmatrix}3&3&2\\\\0&2&-4\\end{pmatrix}}+{\\begin{pmatrix}9&0&6\\\\7&-5&4\\end{pmatrix}}={\\begin{pmatrix}3+9&3+0&2+6\\\\0+7&205&-4+4\\end{pmatrix}}={\\begin{pmatrix}12&3&8\\\\7&-3&0\\end{pmatrix}}}\n### Sûn-liōng-chek\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Sûn-liōng-chek\n{\\displaystyle 4\\cdot {\\begin{pmatrix}3&-1&-2\\\\4&-2&5\\end{pmatrix}}={\\begin{pmatrix}4\\cdot 3&4\\cdot (-1)&4\\cdot (-2)\\\\4\\cdot 4&4\\cdot (-2)&4\\cdot 5\\end{pmatrix}}={\\begin{pmatrix}12&-4&-8\\\\16&-8&20\\end{pmatrix}}}\n### Sûn-liōng-chek\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Choán-tì\nChi̍t ê Choán-tì\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{pmatrix}0&8&2\\\\1&6&9\\end{pmatrix}}^{\\mathrm {T} }={\\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\\\6&6\\\\2&9\\end{pmatrix}}}\n\nHun-kái\n-------\n\nÊng-ióng\n--------\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nSòaⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘ |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Liân-li̍p sòaⁿ-sèng hong-têng-sek | \n* Gauss siau-tû-hoat\n* Kramer kong-sek\n* Gauss–Seidel hong-hoat\n* Jacobi hong-hoat\n\n | Three dimensional Euclidean space |\n| |\n| Hiòng-liōng | \n* Sòaⁿ-sèng to̍k-li̍p\n* Sòaⁿ-sèng cho͘-ha̍p\n* Hiòng-liōng tâu-iáⁿ\n* Ki-té\n* Siang-tùi ki-té\n\n |\n| |\n| Hiòng-liōng khong-kan | \n* Siang-tùi khong-kan\n* Chú-khong-kan\n* Hu̍t khong-kan\n* Kò͘-iú khong-kan\n* Kong-gī kò͘-iú khong-kan\n* Sòaⁿ-sèng thí-khui\n* Hâng khong-kan\n* Lia̍t khong-kan\n* Chhù-goân\n\n |\n| |\n| Lāi-chek khong-kan | \n* Tiám-chek\n* Cauchy–Schwarz put-téng-sek\n* Ti̍t-kau\n* Chèng-kui ti̍t-kau\n* Chèng-kui ti̍t-kau ki-té\n* Gram–Schmidt hong-hoat\n* Ti̍t-kau pó͘ khong-kan\n\n |\n| |\n| Hâng-lia̍tSòaⁿ-sèng siá-siōng | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Ián-sǹg | \n* Sêng-hoat\n* Choán-tì\n* Kiōng-tam choán-tì\n* Ge̍k hâng-lia̍t\n* Sarrus hong-hoat\n* Ki-pún piàn-hêng\n* Tùi-kak-hòa\n* Hun-kái\n\t+ LU\n\t+ QR\n\t+ Cholesky\n\t+ Schur\n\t+ Te̍k-ì-ta̍t\n\t+ Kò͘-iú-ta̍t\n\n |\n| |\n| Siōng-sò͘ | \n* Hâng-lia̍t-sek\n* Jiah\n* Kai-sò͘\n* Kò͘-iú-ta̍t\n* Kò͘-iú hâng-lia̍t-sek\n* Chòe-sió to-hāng-sek\n* Put-piàn in-chú\n* sè-hâng-lia̍t-sek\n\n |\n| |\n| Lūi-pia̍t | \n* Sù-hong\n* Khó-ge̍k\n* Tan-ūi\n* Tùi-thīn\n* Hermite\n* Chèng-kui\n* Ti̍t-kau\n* Tńg-se̍h\n* Unitary\n* Be̍k-lêng\n* Chiàⁿ-tēng\n* Toaⁿ-bô͘\n* Tì-ōaⁿ\n* Block\n* Saⁿ-kak\n* Tùi-kak\n* Khó-tùi-kak-hòa\n* Sio-siâng\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Hâng-lia̍t-sek | \n* Laplace tián-khui\n* Î-in-chú hâng-lia̍t\n* Vandermonde hâng-lia̍t-sek\n* Chiong-kiat-sek\n* Cauchy-Binet kong-sek\n\n |\n| |\n| To-goân sòaⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘ | \n* Chhe-chek\n* Gōa-chek\n* Kronecker chek\n* Ti̍t-chek\n* Gōa tāi-sò͘\n* Tùi-thīn tāi-sò͘\n* Tiuⁿ-liōng tāi-sò͘\n\n |\n| |\n| Hâng-lia̍t-sek hâm-sò͘ | \n* Hâng-lia̍t ê chí-sò͘\n* Hâng-lia̍t ê tùi-sò͘\n* Hâng-lia̍t ê pêng-hong-kin\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | \n* Sûn-liōng\n* Cayley-Hamilton tēng-lí\n* Perron–Frobenius tēng-lí\n* Schur pó͘ hâng-lia̍t\n* Sylvester koàn-sèng tēng-lí\n\n |\n| |\n| \n* Category Lūi-pia̍t\n* List-Class article Tāi-kong\n* Portal Sò͘-ha̍k Mn̂g-kháu-ia̍h\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Hâng-lia̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2138,5325,0.40150234741784036],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6686}} -{"text":"\n**Hâng-khong-ki** sī ē-tàng lī-iōng khong-khì, tī tāi-khì-chân hōan-ûi lāi hui-hêng ê **hui-hêng-khì**.\n\nÀn-chiàu tēng-gī, Hâng-khong-ki ū kok-chióng ê hêng-sek, pau-koat:\n\n* pí khong-khì khin--ê: jia̍t-khì-kiû, hui-chûn... téng-téng.\n* pí khong-khì tāng--ê: ti̍t-seng-ki, soân-e̍k-ki, it-poaⁿ siāng-chia̍p khòaⁿ-tio̍h ê kò·-tēng-e̍k hui-ki... téng-téng.\n\nHoat-tián le̍k-sú\n-----------------\n\n### O̍h chiáu-á ia̍t-si̍t\n\nJîn-lūi chū kó·-chá khai-sí, to̍h iōng chin chē pān-hoat lâi beh o̍h poe. Koan-chhat tōng-bu̍t kiám-chhái sī siōng-kài ti̍t-chiap ê hong-hoat. Iû-kî sī chiáu-á ê hêng-thé, put-toān chhì-kek jîn-lūi khì mô·-hóng. Thoân-soat kap kò·-sū lāi-té, ē-hiáu poe ê lâng, sîn-bêng ah-sī kúi-kòai, chin chē lóng ū chi̍t-siang chhin-chiūⁿ chiáu-á ah-sī iā-pô ê si̍t-á.\n\nChit-khóan mô·-hóng chiáu-á ia̍t-si̍t ê tòng-chok, āu--lâi hông chóan-piàn chò **ia̍t-si̍t-ki** (Eng-gí: ornithopter). Iā-tio̍h-sī lī-iōng ki-hâi siat-kè, lâi sak-tōng n̄ng-phìⁿ si̍t-á chò téng-ē ê ia̍t-tōng. M̄-koh chit-khóan khài-liām bô kái si̍t-chè. Che khan-sia̍p tio̍h hit-tong-sî jîn-lūi tùi chiaú-á hui-hêng tōng-chok koan-chhat ê cheng-chha, kap chi̍t-kóa-á Khong-khì tōng-le̍k-ha̍k ê būn-tê.\n\nLe̍k-sú siōng chin ū-miâ ê Leonardo da Vinci, tùi hui-hêng ū chin tōa ê hèng-chhù. Hiān-chú-sî pó-chûn--lo̍h-lâi ê i ê chhiú-kó tang-tiong, koan-hē hui-hêng ê lāi-iông chhiau-kòe 35,000 jī, siong-koan ê tô·-iūⁿ ū 500 kúi pak. Chiam-tùiia̍t-si̍t-ki, i mā ōe liáu bē chió ê siat-kè-tô·. Put-jî-kò i sī m̄-sī ū chhì-giām ah-sī si̍t-hiān chia-ê siat-kè.\n\n### Pí khong-khì khin ê hong-sek\n\nMontgolfier hiaⁿ-tī ê khì-kiû.\nKin-kù bûn-hiàn ê kì-chài, jîn-lūi tē-1-pài \"poe\" chiūⁿ thiⁿ, sī lī-iōng jia̍t-khì-kiû. 1783 nî 11 go̍eh 21, Pilatre de Rozier kap Marquis d'Arlandes n̄ng-lâng, chē jia̍t-khì-kûi poe kòe Pa-lê ū 5 eng-lí hn̄g.\n\nJia̍t-khì-kiû sī iû Joseph Montgolfier kap Etienne Montgolfier hiaⁿ-tī-á nn̄g-lâng só· siat-kè kap chè-chok--ê. In hoat-hiān jia̍t-khong-khì ē-sái hō· mi̍h-kiāⁿ poe--khí-khì, to̍h khai-sí chìn-hêng si̍t-giām. Kòe-thêng tiong seng iōng jia̍t-khì-kiû chài iûⁿ-á, ke-kak-á, ah koh ū ah-á téng-téng ê tōng-bu̍t chò chhì-giām.\n\nGiâm-keh kóng--khí-lâi, che iáu bô sǹg-sī chin-chiàⁿ ê hui-hêng. Che kan-na sī lī-iōng jia̍t khong-khì bi̍t-tō· khah sè, só·-í ē-tàng tī khong-khì laī-té \"phû--khì-lâi\". M̄-koh jia̍t-khì-kiû ê sêng-kong, khak-si̍t tāi-piáu jîn-lūi lî-khui tē-bīn ê chi̍t-tōa-pō·.\n\n### Hiān-tāi hui-hêng-ki ê ki-chhó͘\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Hui-hêng-ki\nGeorge CayleyHiān-chú-sî ê hui-hêng-ki kap kòe-khì it-poaⁿ-lâng ê ia̍t-si̍t khài-liām bô-kâng. Chit-má lán só· khòaⁿ--tio̍h ê hui-hêng-ki, chhap-put-to si̍t-á lóng sī kò͘-tēng ê. Chit-ê khài-liām sī Eng-kok ê George Cayley (1773-1857) tī 1799 nî só· siat-kè--chhut-lâi ê.\n\nI ê siat-kè khài-liām sī:\n\n* Kò͘-tēng ê si̍t-á thê-kiong hiòng téng-bīn ê seng-le̍k\n* 1-ê ki-khì iōng lâi thê-kiong hiòng thâu-chêng ê thui-le̍k\n* 1-cho͘ khia-ti̍t kap thán-hôaiⁿ ê bóe-si̍t hū-chek ún-tēng\n\nGeorge Cayley ê khài-liām, ē-sái kóng sī āu--lâi jîn-lūi sêng-kong chō chhut hui-hêng-ki ê tiōng-iàu ki-chhó·. Kòe-khì ê siūⁿ-hoat sī o̍h chiáu-á ê ia̍t-si̍t, hi-bāng lī-iōng si̍t-á ê ia̍t-tōng, chò-hóe thê-kiong thui-le̍k kap seng-le̍k. Tī si̍t-chè siōng, chài-lâng ê hui-hêng ki-khì chin oh iōng chit-khóan hong-sek lâi ta̍t-sêng hui-hêng ê bo̍k-te̍k.\n\nGeorge Cayley m̄-nā thê-chhut sin koan-liām, i koh siat-kè si̍t-giām ki-kò· lâi chhì-giām e̍k-phò͘-bīn ê seng-le̍k. I iā siat-kè bô·-hêng (Eng-gí: model) ê chhiú-siā phiau-hêng-ki (Eng-gí: hand launched glider). I ê bô͘-hêng í-keng ū hiān-tāi hui-hêng-ki ê chho·-pō· hêng-thé, pau-koat kò͘-tēng ê chú-e̍k, chúi-pêng bóe-e̍k kap khiā-ti̍t bóe-e̍k.\n\nTû-liáu bô·-hêng chhì-giām, George Cayley mā chìn-hêng chài-lâng phiau-hêng-ki ê hui-hêng si̍t-giām.\n\n### Tōng-le̍k hui-hêng ê chhì-giām\n\nGeorge Cayley sūi-bóng phah-hā chin tiōng-iàu ê ki-chhó·, m̄-koh i ê sêng-chiū tī hit-tong-sî bô siū-tio̍h tiōng-sī. Chi̍t-kóa-á āu-lâi ê hui-hêng-khì siat-kè-chiá, ū chham-khó tio̍h Cayley ê lí-lūn, soah bô it-tēng chai-iáⁿ chia-ê lí-lūn sī Cayley só· gián-kiù--chhut-lâi-ê.\n\nKap George Cayley kāng sî-tāi ê William Samuel Henson (1812-1888), tī 1843-nî siat-kè liáu chi̍t-khóan lī-iōng cheng-khì-ki tài-tōng nn̄g-ê phiat-á ê kò͘-tēng-e̍k hui-hêng-ki. Chit-ê siat-kè hō-chò khong-tiong cheng-khì-chhia (en: aerial steam carriage), chú-iàu sī í Cayley ê gián-kiù chò ki-chhó· lâi siat-kè--ê. Sui-jiân miâ-siaⁿ bē-sió, m̄-koh chit-ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ kan-na ū siat-kè, pēng bô si̍t-chè ê chè-chok sêng-phíⁿ, tong-jiân iā bô chìn-hêng jīn-hô ê chhì-poe.\n\nHenson ê pêng-iú John Stringfellow, chè-chō sió-hêng ê cheng-khì iân-jín tàu tī mô͘-hêng-ki téng-bīn. Sui-bóng i ê chhì-giām mā bô sêng-kong, m̄-koh i ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ tùi āu-lâi ê lâng ū bē-sió ê éng-hióng. \n\nTī Hoat-kok mā ū siong-koan ê si̍t-giām kap hoat-tián. 1857-nî kàu 1858-nî, ū 1-ūi miâ-kiò Félix Du Temple ê hái-kun kun-koaⁿ (iā sī kang-thêng-su), sêng-kong chhì-poe tē-1-chiah ū tōng-le̍k ê tan-e̍k mô·-heng-ki. Chit-chiah hui-hêng-ki ê tōng-le̍k sī sú-iōng sî-cheng ê ki-hâi hoat-tiâu. 1874-nî ê sî, i chìn-1-pō· sêng-kong chhì-poe lī-iōng mó· 1-khóan jia̍t-khì iân-jín ê chài-lâng hui-hêng-ki. Chit-chiah iû 1-ūi siàu-liân kiâⁿ-chûn-lâng só· kà-sú ê hui-hêng-ki, kan-na khí-poe 1-ē-á, pēng bô î-chhî hui-hêng ê sè-bīn.\n\nTē 2-kiāⁿ lūi-sū ê hui-hêng kì-lo̍k, sī tī 1884-nî ê Lō·-se-a, iû Alexander F. Mozhaiski (ru: Александр Фёдорович Можайский) tī Leningrad (ru: Ленинград) só· chìn-hêng--ê. I ê siat-kè chú-iàu sī án-chiàu Henson ê khong-tiong cheng-khì-chhia. Kap Du Temple kāng-khóan, i ê hui-hêng-ki mā kan-na lî-khui tē-bīn 1-sî-á niâ, bô-hoat-tō· î-chhî chìn-1-pō· ê hui-hêng.\n\n### Phiau-hêng-ki ê sêng-kong\n\nOtto Lilienthal. Tē-1-ūi sêng-kong chho-chok phiau-hêng-ki poe chiūⁿ thiⁿ ê lâng1848-nî chhut-sì tī Prussia (Tek-kok) ê Otto Lilienthal, sī le̍k-sú siōng tē-1-ūi sêng-kong kà-sú phiau-hêng-ki ê lâng. I ê phiau-hêng-ki sī ē-tàng chho-chok--ê, ē-sái khòng-chè hong-hiòng.\n\nTī 1896-nî i sit-sū kòe-sin chìn-chêng, Lilienthal chóng-kiōng sêng-kong chìn-hêng kòe 2,500 kài í-siōng ê phiau-hêng.\n\nI ū 1-pún chheh, chheh-miâ hō-chò *Í Chiáu-á ê Hui-hêng ûi Hâng-khong ê Ki-Chhó͘* (Tek-gí: *Der Vogelflug als Grundlage der Fliegekunst*). Lāi-té m̄-nā gián-kiù chiáu-á si̍t-á ê kò͘-chō kap hêng-thé, koh kā chia-ê khong-khì tōng-le̍k tì-sek, iōng tī ki-khì ê hui-hêng siat-kè. Chit-pún chheh ū 1-kóa-á hit-tang-chūn siōng-kài siông-sè ê khong-khì tōng-le̍k sò͘-kì. Aū--lâi chin chhut-miâ ê Wright hiaⁿ-tī bat tha̍k-tio̍h 1-pō͘-hūn ê hoan-e̍k lōe-iông, iā í che chò ki-chhó͘, chìn-hêng phiau-hêng-ki ê siat-kè.\n\nLilienthal tùi hâng-khong kho-ki hoat-tiań ê khoàⁿ-hoat sī \"Ài ka-tī liâu--lo̍h-khì.\" Lâng it-tēng tio̍h-ài chhin-sin thé-giām hui-hêng, chiah ē-tàng tī si̍t-chè ê hui-hêng kòe-thêng tiong, tit-tio̍h koan-hē hui-hêng ê keng-giām. Kán-tan kóng, i kám-kak jîn-lūi beh ē-tàng chìn-1-pō͘ hoat-tián hâng-khong, si̍t-chè ê hêng-tōng kap chhì-giám sī chin tiōng-iàu--ê.\n\n1896-nî 8-goe̍h chhe-9, Lilienthal tī-leh chhì-poe ê sî, 1-káng-hong chō-sêng i ê phiau-hêng-ki sit-sok, soah-lâi chai-lo̍h thô͘-kha. Sui-bóng kan-na chú-si̍t pháiⁿ--khì, m̄-koh i pún-sin soah sūi-tio̍h tāng-siong, liân liông-kut iā siak tn̄g--khì. Keh-tńg-kang Lilienthal tio̍h put-hēng lâi kòe-sin.\n\nHui-hêng goân-lí\n----------------\n\nTî-liáu jia̍t-khì-kiû, tāi-pō·-hūn hui-hêng-ki ê hui-hêng, lóng ē-tàng chham-khó ē-bīn ê goân-lí.\n\nHui-ki ê hui-hêng, khan-sia̍p tio̍h chin-chē bu̍t-lí-ha̍k ê goân-lí, iû-kî sī khong-khì tōng-le̍k-ha̍k.\n\nTī-leh hui-hêng ê sî, chok-iōng tī hui-hêng-ki pún-thé ê le̍k-liōng ū sì-hāng, pau-koat thui-le̍k, chó·-le̍k, seng-le̍k, kap tāng-le̍k. Thui-le̍k it-poaⁿ iû hoat-tōng-ki (iân-jín) lâi thê-kiong, iōng-lâi khek-ho̍k chó·-le̍k, hō· hui-hêng-ki ē-tàng chiân-chìn. Chó·-le̍k sī in-ūi hui-hêng-ki kap khong-khì ū siong-tùi ê ūn-tōng chiah sán-seng--ê, seng-le̍k mā-sī án-ne, chit-nn̄g-chióng la̍t lóng-sī sio̍k-î khong-khì tōng-le̍k. Tāng-le̍k iā-chiū-sī hui-hêng-ki pún-sin ê tāng-liōng, in-ūi tē-kiû ê tāng-le̍k-tiûⁿ (Hàn-jī: 重力場) só· ín-khí--ê.\n\nKán-tan lâi kóng, hui-hêng-ki beh ē-tàng poe--khí-lâi, thui-le̍k ài pí chó·-le̍k khah tōa, seng-le̍k ài pí tāng-le̍k khah tōa. In ê koan-hē ē-tàng siá-chò:\n\n{\\displaystyle \\left\\{{\\begin{matrix}T\\geq D\\\\L\\geq W\\end{matrix}}\\right.}\n\nkhî-tiong ***T*** sī thui-le̍k, ***D*** sī chó·-le̍k, ***L*** sī seng-le̍k, ***W*** sī tāng-le̍k.\n\nChióng-lūi\n----------\n\n### Àn-chiàu sán-seng seng-le̍k ê hong-sek khu-hun\n\n* pí khong-khì khin--ê\n\t+ Jia̍t-khì-kiû\n\t+ Hui-chûn\n* pí khong-khì tāng--ê\n\t+ kò·-tēng-e̍k\n\t+ soân-choán-e̍k\n\t\t- ti̍t-seng-ki\n\t\t- soân-e̍k-ki\n\n### Àn-chiàu iōng-tô· khu-hun\n\n* bîn-hâng-ki\n* kun-ki\n* si̍t-giām-ki\n* kàu-liān-ki\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***:Category:Aircraft*** |\n\n1. ↑ Flight Before Flying by David Wragg (Author) Publisher: ‎Osprey Publishing; First Edition (2 May 1974)Language: ‎English, Hardcover: ‎192 pages, ISBN-10: ‎0850451655, ISBN-13: ‎978-0850451658\n2. ↑ World's Air Fleets Hardcover – 1 May 1969 by David Wragg (Author), Publisher: ‎Littlehampton Book Services Ltd; 2nd edition (1 May 1969), Language: ‎English, Hardcover:176 pages ISBN-10: ‎0711000859, ISBN-13: ‎978-0711000858\n3. ↑ World's Air Forces Hardcover – 15 Oct. 1971 by David Wragg (Author), Publisher: ‎Osprey Publishing; First Edition (15 Oct. 1971), Language: ‎English, Hardcover: ‎232 pages, ISBN-10: ‎0850450381, ISBN-13: ‎978-0850450385\n4. ↑ Speed in the Air, Hardcover – 5 Sept. 1974 by David Wragg (Author), Publisher: ‎Osprey Publishing; 1st ed edition (5 Sept. 1974), Hardcover: ‎192 pages, ISBN-10: ‎0850451752, ISBN-13: ‎978-0850451757","meta":{"title":"Hâng-khong-ki","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1332,9384,0.14194373401534527],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":10919}} -{"text":"**Ngô͘ Kim-liān** (吳金鍊; 1913 nî–1947 nî), *Tâi-oân Sin-seng-pò* chóng-piān-chip, bû-kò͘ hōng lia̍h khì siū-hāi.\n\nNgô͘ Kim-liān, Tâi-pak-chhī lâng, Tang-kiaⁿ Bûn-hoà-ha̍k-īⁿ Bûn-ha̍k-pō͘ chhut-giap. Tī *Tâi-oân Sin-mîn-pò* chèng-tī-pō͘ ho̍k-bū. Tāi-chiān bé kî, choân Tâi-oân ê pò-choá lóng piān chò chi̍t kin Tâi-oân-sin-pò. Chiàn-āu koh kái chò *Tâi-oân Sin-seng-pò*. Chiàn-āu chho͘-kî ū Ji̍t-bûn-pán; Ngô͘ Kim-liān chiū tam-jīm Ji̍t-bûn-pán ê chóng-piān-chip. Ji̍t-bûn-pán tuì sî-chèng kap siā-hoē ê put-kong-put-gī lóng chin chù-ì, 1946 nî 10 goe̍h 25 ji̍t Ji̍t-bûn-pán pī hoè-chí. \n\nJī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ hoat-seng liáu-āu, goân-pún Tâi-oân Hêng-chèng-tiúⁿ-koaⁿ Kong-sú kìm-chí pò-choá pò-tō. Put-kò siū tio̍h bîn-chiòng ê ap-le̍k, Tâi-oân Sin-seng-pò tuì Sū-kiāⁿ ū chin chheng-chhó ê pò-tō mā hui-hok Ji̍t-bûn-pán. 3 goe̍h 12 ji̍t Ngô͘ Kim-liān chiū bû-kò͘ hōng lia̍h khì lâi siū-hāi. I khì hōng lia̍h--khì ê sî, in bó͘ tú-hó ū-sin.","meta":{"title":"Ngô͘ Kim-liān","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,938,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1078}} -{"text":"**Sim**, sī lâng ū--ê, ba̍k-chiu khoàⁿ-bē-tio̍h--ê, lán lâng ê lí-sèng ia̍h kám-chêng, sim-chêng kap ì-hiòng só· tī-leh ê 1-ê thiu-siōng ê só·-chāi. Jîn-lūi lia̍h-goā ê tōng-bu̍t kap si̍t-bu̍t sī m̄-sī ū sim, che hām sim ê tēng-gī kāng-khoán, lóng sī chin oh kóng ê būn-tê.\n\nKan-taⁿ lia̍h Sim pún-sin chò tēng-gī sī bô-hoat-tō· ū--ê, sim sī oa̍h-mi̍h siōng-kài bî-biáu ê 1-hāng tāi-chì iā-kú-káⁿ. In-ūi sim bô it-tēng ê chōng-thài, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ teh piàn-hoà, sim ê tāi-chì tio̍h thàu-koè jio̍k-thé téng-téng goā-khaú ê piáu-hiān chiah ē-tàng chiáng-ak.\n\nTng lâng(he̍k-chiá-sī pa̍t-hāng ū sim ê oa̍h-mi̍h) teh su-khó kap chò koat-tēng ê sî, sim tō ū oa̍h-tōng, m̄-koh tō-chún sím-mi̍h lóng m̄-chò, sim kiám-chhái oan-nā ē oa̍h-tōng, tì-sú tùi chit-ê ū sim ê chú-thé lâi kóng, soah bē-tàng chin giâm-gâi chiáng-ak ta̍k-sî-chūn sim ê chōng-thài.\n\nChóng--sī, lâng nā kap pa̍t-lâng kau-thong ê sî, tùi-hong hām ka-tī ê sim tiong-kan, lóng ū siūⁿ-tio̍h ia̍h-sī kám-kak-tio̍h hō·-siōng ê lâi-khì, tuì chit-tiám lâi kóng, lâng sī ē-tàng keng-giām-tio̍h ka-tī kap pa̍t-lâng lāi-té hit-hō sim ê chûn-chāi--ê.\n\nGián-kiù lâng sim ê oa̍h-tōng ê ha̍k-kho sī sim-lí-ha̍k, sim-lí-ha̍k thàu-koè tùi lâng ê hoán-èng chò thóng-kè hun-sek, liáu-kái lâng kap lâng ê ti̍t-chiap koan-hē, lâi tùi sim chò gián-kiù. M̄-koh tō chhin-chhiūⁿ thâu-chêng kóng--ê, sim chin ho̍k-cha̍p, tùi-hong nā ū sím-mi̍h piàn-hoá, lán ê sim mā ē toè leh kái-piàn, mā in-ūi án-ne kā sim tòng-chò ha̍k-būn lâi gián-kiù si̍t-chāi chin khùn-lân.\n\nHiān-chhú-sî sîn-keng kho-ha̍k ū khah hoat-tián, kho-ha̍k-ka í-keng ē-tàng poé-hoē, sim ê chōng-thài kap naú ê bu̍t-lí chōng-thài khêng-si̍t sī sio-liâm-tì-toà--ê, pí-lūn lán ū khah chai-iáⁿ sim kap lán ê naú--ni̍h ta̍k-pō·-hūn ê lō·-iōng ê koan-hē--ah, sîn-keng thoân-ta̍t bu̍t-chit (dopamine, endorphin téng-téng) kap sim-chêng ê koan-hē mā tau̍h-tau̍h-á ū sin ê gián-kiù hoat-piáu, m̄-koh sim ê chōng-thài kap bu̍t-chit ê naú tiong-kan, hit-ê kiù-chin pún-té ê koan-hē, iû-goân iáu bô-hoat-tō· chiâu thiah-bêng, hām sim ū tī-tāi ê tiat-ha̍k kap sim-lí-ha̍k tiong-kan ê kài-soàⁿ tī toh, mā iáu kè-sio̍k teh thó-lūn.\n\nÉng-chá ê lâng lia̍h-kóng sim sī tī sim-chōng lāi-té, só·-í chiah ē kā chit-hō thiu-siōng ê \"mi̍h\" kiò-chò \"sim\", lán chit-má iû-goân ē kóng \"sim-lāi\", \"hó-sim\" téng-téng ê gí-sû, lóng sī in-ūi án-ne lâu--lo̍h-lâi ê kóng-hoat.","meta":{"title":"Sim","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2370,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2737}} -{"text":"**Ruth Pfau** (1929-nî - ) sī chi̍t-ê Tek-kok Thian-chú-kàu siu-lí kah i-seng, i it-seng tī Pa-ki-su-thàn pang-chō͘ môa-á pēⁿ-hōan-chiá. 1929-nî chhut-seⁿ tī Tek-kok Mainz, i ū gō͘ ê chí-mōe kah chi̍t-ê hiaⁿ-tî-á. Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài-tāi-chiàn kiat-sok āu, i tô-cháu kàu Sai Tek-kok. 1949-nî sî-chūn tī Mainz tha̍k I-ha̍k. 1962-nî i ka-ji̍p chi̍t-keng Thian-chú-kàu Thian-chú-kàu kàu Ìn-tō͘, tān-sī in-ūi chhiam-chè būn-tê, i khì Pa-ki-su-thàn, tī Karachi hóe-chhia-chām ê môa-á pēⁿ-hōan-chiá chū-ki-tē khòaⁿ-kò͘ pēⁿ-lâng, chhòng-kiàn \"Marie Adelaide Môa-á-pēⁿ Tiong-sim\" , 1963-nî sì-go̍eh i tī-liâu Karachi, Pa-ki-su-thàn ki̍p Afghanistan ê hōan-chiá.\n\nChióng-chiong\n-------------\n\n* 1969-nî - Tek-kok êng-ū Hun-chiong\n* 1969-nî - Pa-ki-su-thàn Hun-chiong \"Sitara i Quaid i Azam\".\n* 2002-nî \"Ramon Magsaysay Chióng\"\n* 2003-nî sì-go̍eh - \"Janna Chióng\".\n\nChham-khó Chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ \"Marie Adelaide Leprosy Centre\".\n2. ↑ \"Leprosy in Pakistan contained, says Dr Ruth Pfau\".\n3. ↑ \"The 2002 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service\".\n4. ↑ \"Ruth Pfau to be honoured today\".\n\n---","meta":{"title":"Ruth Pfau","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[305,987,0.3090172239108409],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1195}} -{"text":"Lead II\n**Sim-tiān-tô͘** (**EKG**, Tek-gí *Elektrokardiogramm* ê sok-siá) sī liân-soà kì-lio̍k sim-chōng tiān-ap oa̍h-tōng ê tn̂g-tiâu-tô͘ (strip graph). I sī sim-chōng tiān-seng-lí-ha̍k (cardiac electrophysiology) ê chú-iàu ke-si, ū chín-toān sim-chong-hoeh-kin pēⁿ ê lō͘-iōng. Sim-tiān-tô͘ bô chhek sim-chōng ê siu-sok-sèng (contractility).\n\nLō͘-iōng\n--------\n\n12 tō-thêng ê EKG, khoàⁿ ē tio̍h II, III, aVF ū ST-chat seng koân ê chêng-hêng, piáu-sī tāi-khài sim-chōng ē-pêng hoat-seng kip-sèng sim-ki-kēng-sek.\nEKG ū chē chē iōng-hoat:\n\n* Phoàⁿ-toān sim-chōng ê kong-lêng sī chèng-siông ia̍h hoán-siông (pí-lūn ke--chhut-lâi ia̍h làng--koè ê sim-thiàu, hō chò sim-lut-put-chéng, *cardiac arrhythmia/dysrhythmia*).\n* Hoat-hiān sim-chōng ki-jio̍k kio̍k-pō͘ khoeh-hoeh (ischemia, chhiūⁿ kóng chò ūn-tōng nāi-sèng chhek-giām (exercise tolerance test) ê sî-chūn) ia̍h tio̍h-siong (\"sim-chōng-pēⁿ hoat-chok\").\n* Chhek tiān-kái-chit (electrolyte) koh-iūⁿ, te̍k-pia̍t sī K, Ca, Mg.\n* Hoat-hiān tiān thoân-tō bô chèng-siông (chhiūⁿ sim-chōng thoân-tō chó͘-tn̄g/heart block).\n* Thê-kiong koan-hē sim-chōng bu̍t-lí chōng-hóng ê chu-liāu (chó-sim-sek pûi-tut/left ventricular hypertrophy)\n* Sim-chōng í-goā ê pēⁿ (hì-chhoan-that/pulmonary embolism).\n\nGoân-lí\n-------\n\nSim-tiān-tô͘ ê ki-khì (sim-tiān biô-kì-khì) iōng tiān-liû-kè (galvanometre) chhek sin-khu kúi-ā-ūi tiong-kan ê tiān-ūi (electrical potential). Ta̍k ê chhek ê chó͘-ha̍p hō chò tō-thêng (lead). Siōng phó͘-phiàn ê sim-tiān-tô͘ chhek 12 ê tō-thêng, hō chò 12 tō-thêng sim-tiān-tô͘ (12-lead EKG). Tō-thêng I, II, III (limb leads) ùi kha-chhiú niû tiān-ūi:\n\n* I: chiàⁿ-chhiú kap tò-chhiú tiong-kan ê tiān-ūi.\n* II: chiàⁿ-chhiú kap tò-kha tiong-kan ê tiān-ūi.\n* III: tò-chhiú kap tò-kha tiong-kan ê tiān-ūi.\n\nKî-thaⁿ ê 9 ê tō-thêng ùi kha-chhiú tō-thêng ê tiong-sim-tiám sǹg--chhut-lâi, tō sī tiong-sim-tiám hām I, II, III ê tiān-ūi (hō chò aVR, aVL, aVF) kap tiong-sim-tiám hām 6 ê sim-chōng-chêng (precordial) tō-thêng (V1-6) ê tiān-ūi.\n\nChit 12 ê tō-thêng sûi-ê te̍k-pia̍t sek-ha̍p kì-lio̍k sim-chōng bô kāng pō͘-ūi:\n\n* Ē tō-thêng (inferior leads): II, III and aVF; ùi sim-chōng ê ē-té piah (chó-sim-sek ê sim-chiam/apex) chhek tiān oa̍h-tōng.\n* Kiⁿ tō-thêng (lateral leads): I, aVL, V5 and V6; ùi sim-chōng ê kiⁿ-á piah chhek tiān oa̍h-tōng.\n* Thâu-chêng tō-thêng (anterior leads): V1 chì V6; ùi sim-chōng ê thâu-chêng piah chhek tiān oa̍h-tōng.\n* aVR hán-tit iōng lâi chò chín-toān, chú-iàu ê lō͘-iōng sī hián-sī EKG tō-thêng ū chèng-khak ia̍h bô.\n\nLiáu-kái sim-chōng chèng-siông kap bô chèng-siông ê tiān-la̍t hiòng-liōng, tùi lîm-chhn̂g ê lí-kái ū toā lō͘-iōng.\n\nChèng-siông ê EKG\n-----------------\n\nChèng-siông ê EKG ê ang-á.\nChèng-siông ê sim-thiàu oē--chhut-lâi ê EKG it-poaⁿ ū 1 ê P pho, 1 ê QRS complex, 1 ê T pho. Ū sî-chūn oan-ná ē chhut-hiān U pho.","meta":{"title":"Sim-tiān-tô͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1240,2695,0.4601113172541744],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3163}} -{"text":"Eng-lân ê le̍k-sú.\n\nSú-chêng\n--------\n\nKun-kù khó-kó͘ chèng-kù, siāng chá tī kin-á-ji̍t kóng ê Eng-lân tē-hng chhut-hiān ê hui hiān-tāi chéng jîn-lūi sī *Homo antecessor*, in sī 78 bān tang chêng ê chióng-lūi, Eng-lân chāi-tē só͘ hoat-kiàn ê kut-thâu sio̍k 50 bān tang chêng.\n\nTī Norfolk ê Happisburgh chng, ū hoat-kiàn chha-put-to 90 bān tang chêng chè-chok ê jîn-chō-bu̍t. Siōng-bô ū 9 pho sú-chêng jîn-kûn tùi Au-chiu lâm-pêng sóa ji̍p Eng-lân, kî-tiong siāng bóe chi̍t kûn sī tī 15,000 tang chêng ê sî seng-oa̍h tī kin-á-ji̍t ê Nottinghamshire, Norfolk kap Devon téng tē-hng. Hit-chūn ê Pak Hái iáu koh sī pêⁿ-po͘ kap nâ-á tē.\n\nStonehenge tāi-khài tī Ch. 3000–1500 nî kan khí-siat.\nKeng-kòe Ch. 4700 nî kàu Ch. 2000 nî kan ê Sin-chio̍h-khì sî-kî, Eng-lân ê jîn-kháu chiàu ko͘-sǹg chin-ka kàu 300,000 chó-iū. Tī Ch. 3000 nî ê sî, í-keng ū ēng chio̍h-thâu khí ê piah hun-keh thó͘-tē.\n\nLô-má ê oán-cheng kap thóng-tī\n------------------------------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Britannia\nCh. 55 nî ê sî, Lô-má-lâng thâu chi̍t pái ji̍p-chhim Eng-lân. Caesar niá nn̄g-ê kun-thoân, kò-pia̍t tāi-khài 5 chheng lâng, hiòng Britain tē-hng chìn-peng, tāi-seng tī Deal hū-kīn chiūⁿ-hōaⁿ. Tong-sî Eng-lân pō͘-cho̍k ê chi̍t-ūi siú-léng sī Cassivellaunus. Keng-kòe chē pái chiàn-tò͘ liáu-āu, Caesar thè-kun. Chóng-sī chit chūn Britain lâm-pō͘ chi̍t kóa pō͘-cho̍k mā khai-sí Lô-má-hòa\n\n43 nî kàu 60 nî kan ê Lô-má oán-cheng.\nKàu Claudius chò Lô-má hông-tè ê sî, chiong-kun Aulus Plautius tī Āu 43 nî niá tāi-iok 2 bān lâng ê kun-tūi kòe Eng-lân. Keng-kòe tī Medway Khe Chiàn-tò͘, Caratacus só͘ chhōa-thâu ê chāi-tē kun-tūi hō͘ Lô-má phah-pāi. Liáu-āu hông-tè Claudius niá peng lâi kàu Eng-lân hiòng chāi-tē siâⁿ-chhī Camulodunum chò siāng bóe ê kong-kek. Chit kái ê chiàn-sū, hō͘ Lô-má khai-sí liáu tùi Eng-lân ê cheng-ho̍k.\n\nĀu 47 nî ê sî, Boudicca niá-chhōa ê Iceni siā hiòng Lô-má thóng-tī hoat-tōng hoán-khòng. Boudicca sī goân Iceni ông Prasutagus ê bó͘, chá-chêng Prasutagus sí āu, Lô-má hêng-séng chèng-hú chhim-hoān liáu in-ê pō͘-cho̍k. Boudicca ê kun-tūi ji̍p-chhim liáu pau-koat Lô-má ê tē-hng siú-hú Colchester chāi-lāi ê só͘-chāi. Té-bé tī Watling Tōa-ke Chiàn-tò͘, Boudicca phah-su Lô-má chiong-kun Suetonius Paulinus ê kun-tūi, liáu-kiat hoán-khòng.\n\nKeng-kòe chē pái ê Lô-má oán-cheng, goân-sú ê pō͘-chok hiòng pak-pêng thè-āu, sán-seng liáu Tyne-Solway Sòaⁿ. Tāi-khài tī 120 nî ê sî, 80 mai tn̂g ê Hadrianus ê Tn̂g-siâⁿ khí-siat. Āu--lâi koh ū chi̍t chōa khah té ê Antoninus ê Tn̂g-siâⁿ.\n\n268 nî ê sî, Eng-lân ê chóng-tok Carausius chū chheng hông-tè.\n\nEng-lân ê káng-kháu, kim-sio̍k kap cho͘-sòe ū pang-chō͘ Lô-má siong-gia̍p ê chok-iōng. Āu--lâi chia mā sī Au-chiu ê lông-sán-tē, pí-lūn 359 nî ê sî, Iulianus hông-tè cho͘-chit chûn-tūi chū Eng-lân sàng kok-bu̍t kòe Rhine Hô tē-khu.\n\nAnglo-Saxon ê chhim-ji̍p\n------------------------\n\n430 nî ê sî, chi̍t kóa sió ông-kok ê liân-bêng thâu-lâng Vortigern, chhōe Saxon lâng chò iông-peng lâi tùi-khòng So͘-kat-lâng kòe--khì ê Pict lâng kap chi̍t kóa Ài-ní-lân sè-le̍k. Tong Pict lâng hòng-khì chhim-ji̍p liáu-āu, Vortigern ê tông-bêng sè-le̍k soah kī-choa̍t la̍p chìn-chêng chhiáⁿ Saxon iông-peng ê só͘-hùi, tè-bé Saxon lâng tùi Tang Anglia tē-hng khai-sí hoán-loān, hiòng Thames Valley tē-hng hoat-tián, chiàm-niá chng-siā kap chháu-tē. Saxon lâng āu--lâi koh kā in kâng cho̍k ê lâng ín--lâi. Hia sin ji̍p--lâi ê German pō͘-cho̍k chòe chú-iàu hâm Schleswig ê Angle lâng, Elbe Khe iân-chōa ê Saxon lâng, Kē-tē-kok ê Frisia lâng, kap Tan-be̍h hái-kîⁿ ê Jute lâng. Chia-ê chu pō͘-cho̍k, tī 6 sè-kí ê sî hō͘ le̍k-sú-ka thóng chheng chò \"Anglo-Saxon lâng\". In-ê khui-khún-chiá, hiòng Thames Khe, Trent Khe kap Humber Khe iân-sòaⁿ hoat-tián.\n\n540 nî-tāi, tùi Ai-ki̍p hiòng kui-ê Lô-má-hòa sè-kài thoân-jiám chhut chi̍t kái un-e̍k, ū-ê gián-kiù kè-sǹg hit-chūn goân-té 3, 4 pah-bān jîn-kháu kiám kah chhun 1 pah-bān chó-iū. Un-e̍k tùi chāi-tē jîn-kûn ê táⁿ-kek sī pí Anglo-Saxon khún-hō͘ koh khah giâm-tiōng, che mā sī āu--lâi Anglo-Saxon thang kè-sio̍k hiòng Eng-lân sai-pêng hoat-tián ê goân-in chi it. Kî-tiong Saxon ê chi̍t ūi thâu-lâng Ceawlin pa̍t tī 577 nî ê sîhoat-tián kàu Cirencester, Gloucester, kap Bath; i-ê sè-le̍k tè-bé koh hiòng Eng-lân tiong-ng thàng kòe, pek cháu chāi-tē ê kok-ông. Tang-tiong ia̍h ū-ê chāi-tē jîn-kûn sóa hiòng Hoat-lân-se sai-pak-pêng ê Armorica, sán-seng chi̍t kûn kiò Breton lâng ê cho̍k-hē. Breton lâng ū pō͘-hūn āu--lâi koh tòe William Cheng-ho̍k-chiá ji̍p Eng-lân.\n\nViking lâng ê khok-tiong\n------------------------\n\n878 nî ê sî-chūn Eng-lân koh hong sè-le̍k tē-tô͘.\n9 sè-kí chhe, Eng-lân ū Wessex, Mercia kap Northumbria 3 ê chú-iàu ông-kok, lēng-gōa koh ū Tang Anglia, Kent, Sussex kap Essex 4-ê khah sió ê ông-kok. Chá-chêng, tī 790 nî ê sî-chūn, ū chi̍t tīn Norse lâng tùi Dorset hái-hōaⁿ chhim-ji̍p Eng-lân. Sòa--lo̍h-lâi kúi tang, in chìn chi̍t pō͘ kong-kek chē-ê só͘-chāi. Té-bé koh lâi Tan-be̍h-lâng, in chú-iàu kong Kent kap Tang Anglia. Ùi Kent ê Sandwich hū-kīn, hoat-seng liáu Eng-lân siāng chá ê chi̍t pái hái-chiàn. 866 nî, Tan-be̍h-lâng chiàm-niá liáu York. Liáu-āu koh hiòng Nottingham chhim-lio̍k, kàu-bóe Northumberland kap Tang Anglia lóng siū in khòng-chè.\n\nEng-lân ê Alfred Tāi-ông to̍h sī tī chit chūn tek-sè. Keng-kòe chē pái chiàn-su liáu-āu, i ēng chîⁿ siu-bé Tan-be̍h kun-tūi, hō͘ hia Tan-be̍h-lâng thè tńg Lûn-tun, chit-ê sî-kî Alfred sǹg sī Tan-be̍h sè-le̍k ê phoan-chú. Té-bé Alfred koh tī Chippenham chiàn-pāi, liû-bông kòe Somerset tē-hng. I ùi Athelney khí siat chi̍t chō iàu-sài. 878 nî ê chhun-thiⁿ, Alfred Tāi-ông niá Somerset, Wiltshire, kap pō͘-hūn Hampshire ê kun-tūi khì kàu chi̍t-ê hō chò \"Egbert ê Chio̍h-thâu\" (*Egbert’s Stone*) ê só͘-chāi. Tī Wiltshire ê Edington i kap Tan-be̍h thâu-lâng Guthrum ê kun-tūi khí Edington Chiàn-tò͘, tè-bé phah iâⁿ. Liáu-āu Guthrum chiap-siū kiat-kó jî-chhiá kap chē-ê chí-hui-koaⁿ siū-sé ji̍p Ki-tok-kàu.\n\nTan-be̍h-lâng, mā hō chò Viking lâng, tī 10 sè-kí bóe oa-ná koh kè-sio̍k tī Eng-lân oa̍h-tāng. Eng-lân ê kun-chú Ethelred ūi tio̍h pó-chhî hô-pêng, tī Maldon Chiàn-tò͘ chiàn-pāi liáu-āu, chē pái hiòng Tan-be̍h-lâng ê sè-le̍k kiáu la̍p sòe-kim. Eng-lân tng loān ê sî-ki, Tan-be̍h-ông Swein Forkbeard tī 1013 nî kap i-ê hāu-seⁿ Canute chhōa chûn-tūi, in kàu-ūi liáu-āu, Danelaw, ia̍h tiō sī Tan-be̍h-lâng chi-phòe ê só͘-chāi, jîn-bîn óa hiòng Forkbeard. Chāi-tê ê Ethelred tāi-seng kòe Lûn-tun, koh cháu chhut Eng-lân, sui-bóng pat tī Swein kòe-sin ê sî tó-tńg, oa-ná phah bē-iâⁿ Canute ê sè-le̍k. Canute tè-bé tī 1016 nî tit tio̍h ông-ūi. Chit-chūn Ethelred kap hāu-seⁿ Edmund Ironside lóng sí--ah, in hit hē ông-sek mā tn̄g--khì. Canute chiūⁿ-ūi liáu-āu to̍h khai-sí thâi Eng-lân hôa-cho̍k. I mā choán sìn Ki-tok-kàu, koh chham goân-té Ethelred ê bó͘ Emma kiat-hun. Canute tī Eng-lân kiàn-li̍p tiat-sū, koh chū-chheng sī So͘-kat-lân, Ài-ní-lân kiam Ui-le̍k-sū ê kun-chú. I hi-chūn oa-ná sī Tan-be̍h kiam Nô͘-ui ê ông.\n\n1035 nî Canute kòe-sin, i-ê chi̍t tùi hāu-seⁿ, Harold Harefoot kap Harthacanute, lóng taⁿ thóng-tī té-chām. Té-bé khoân-le̍k koh thoân kàu Ethelred kap Emma ê hāu-seⁿ Edward khì, i sī Ethelred kap Emma ê hāu-seⁿ, sǹg sī pòaⁿ Eng-lân pòaⁿ Norman-hē.\n\nEdward tī 1043 nî ê koh-oa̍h-cheh siū ka-bián. Tī Norman lâng khai-sí chhim-ji̍p chìn-chêng, i to̍h siat chi̍t kóa lī-ek Normandy sè-le̍k ê chèng-chhek, chhan-chhiūⁿ pun hō͘ Rouen ê seng-lí-lâng Lûn-tun ê bé-thâu. Edward hông chheng chò sī *rex Anglorum*, ì-sù sī \"Eng-lân-lâng ê ông\". Ē-tàng kóng Eng-lân chit-ê bîn-cho̍k (*nation*) ê tông-it-sèng (*identity*) sī tī 8 sè-kí kàu 11 sè-kí che tiong-ng hoat-tián--ê. Chhan-chhhiūⁿ *Beowulf* téng tāi-piáu Eng-lân thoân-thóng ê bûn-ha̍k chok-phín mā ùi chit-ê sî-kî chhut-hiān.\n\nNorman lâng ê cheng-ho̍k\n------------------------\n\nEdward ông-ūi ê kè-sêng-chiá bô chheng-chhó, ū chi̍t khoán kóng-hoat sī i beh-sí chìn-chêng soan-pò͘ thoân hō͘ Harold, Godwin ê hāu-seⁿ. Chóng-sī chèng-thóng ê kè-sêng-jîn èng-tong sī Edgard Atheling, hit-chūn ka-ta 14 hòe. Lēng-gōa, Normandy ê kong-chiok William, mā chú-tiuⁿ Edward í-ken kā ông-ūi kau hō͘ i. Chit-ê kóng-hoat siū phó͘-phiàn ê chiap-siū, chóng-sī ū khó-lêng m̄-sī chin-si̍t--ê.\n\n1066 nî ê 6 goe̍h tiong, William í-keng tī Normandy ê Dives-sur-Mer chún-pī chiàn-sū. Siâng-sî Eng-lân-ông Harold mā phài peng siú tī Wight Tó, m̄-koh tán bô William ê kong-kek, kàu 9 goe̍h chhe 8 kái-sàn, kok-ông tó-tńg Lûn-tun. Nô͘-ui-ông Harald Hardrada soah mā tī 9 goe̍h 20 ê sî tī York lâi kàu Eng-lân, Harold chai-iáⁿ liáu-āu, hoat-peng hiòng pak-pêng. Tī 25 ji̍t Harold kap Harald ê sè-le̍k khí Stamford Bridge Chiàn-tò͘, tè-bé Harald chiàn-sí. Liáu-āu bô lōa kú William mā chhut-peng hiòng Eng-lân.\n\n1066 nî ê 9 goe̍h 28, William tùi Pevensey Bay chiūⁿ hōaⁿ.\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n### Su-chì\n\n* Ackroyd, Peter (2012). *Foundation: The History of England Volume I*. Macmillan. ISBN 9780330544283.\n\n### Chù-kha\n\n1. ↑ \"500,000 BC – Boxgrove\". *Current Archaeology*. Current Publishing. 20 December 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. 1 2 Ackroyd 2012, 1. Hymns of stone\n3. 1 2 3 4 5 Ackroyd 2012, 2. The Roman way\n4. ↑ Bunson, Matthew (2002). \"Britannia (1)\". *Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire, Revised Edition*. Facts On File, Inc. ISBN 0-8160-4562-3.\n5. 1 2 Ackroyd 2012, 4. Spear points\n6. 1 2 Ackroyd 2012, 5. The blood eagle\n7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ackroyd 2012, 7. The coming of the conquerors","meta":{"title":"Eng-lân ê le̍k-sú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[453,8718,0.05196145905024088],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":10367}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló-kàu-hōe Siang-liân kàu-hōe,** koh chheng-chò **Siang-liân Tiúⁿ-ló-kàu-hōe** iah-sī **Siang-liân kàu-hōe** , chū-chí tī Tâi-oân Tâi-pak-chhī Tiong-san-khu Tiong-san pak-lō͘ 2 tōaⁿ 111 hō, siat-li̍p tī 1913 nî. Khí-thâu sī \"Gû-po͘-chng káng-gī-só͘\", sī thê-kiong gōa-kok soan-kàu-su chū-hōe ê tiûⁿ-só͘; āu-lâi sêng-li̍p Siang-liân kàu-hōe, sī Tâi-pak-chhī chá-kî kiàn-li̍p ê lé-pài-tn̂g chi-it, sio̍k-tī Tâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló-kàu-hōe Chhit-chhiⁿ Tiong-hōe.\n\nLe̍k-têng\n---------\n\n1913 nî, Tâi-pak-chhī Tiong-san pak lō͘ hit tah, pha-hng ê chio̍h-thâu-á-lō͘ téng-bīn khì chi̍t keng \"Gû-po͘-chng káng-gī-só͘\". Hit-tong-sî Tâi-pak-chhī siōng-tōa ê nāu-jia̍t só͘-chāi sī Tōa-tiū-tiâⁿ, siâⁿ-lāi (Hêng-iông-lō͘ Se-mn̂g-teng) kap Báng-kah téng só͘-chāi, Siang-liân tē-khu sī sio̍k-tī \"Chhân-chng\". Tiong-san pak-lō͘ chit tiâu chio̍h-thâu-á-lō͘ kan-ta 2, 3 tâi chhia thang kè, jî-chhiáⁿ khám-khia̍t bô pêⁿ, óa tang-pêng ū chi̍t tiâu tōa chui-kau ti̍t thàng-kàu Îⁿ-soaⁿ-á. Kan-ta chi̍t-kóa pêⁿ-chhù-á, kî-thaⁿ lóng-sī chhân-hn̂g kap chháu-po͘, só͘-í lông-ka ê chúi-gû nā bô lê-chhân, tō pàng in tī chháu-po͘ chia̍h-chháu, só͘-í kiò-chò \"Gû-po͘-á\". Chit-má ê Sêng-ian Tiong-ha̍k kap i ê tùi-bīn, ū 2 ê tōa-pi (pi-tn̂g) sio-liân, chiah iā kiò-chò \"Siang-liân-pi\". Hit-tong-sî khí-chō poh-hōaⁿ khí bô hó-sè, it-tàn chò hong-thai, Siang-liân hit-tah lóng chò-tōa-chúi, chúi-tiòng ê sî, bat ū 5, 6 kong-chhioh koân, ài khai 2 kang chúi chiah ē-tàng thè--khì, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ khòaⁿ-kìⁿ Tân Khe-chùn bo̍k-su（1895 nî-1990 nî, bo̍k-ióng Siang-liân kàu-hōe 55 tang）kò tek-pâi-á thàm-hóng hōe-iú. \n\n1912 nî, Kàu-sū-hōe tī Tâi-pak Gû-po͘-chng kiàn-li̍p Má-kai Kì-liām Pēⁿ-īⁿ. In-ūi Kàu-sū-hōe kám-kak-tio̍h ū su-iàu tī hù-kīn siat-li̍p chi̍t-keng káng-gī-só͘ hong-piān lâi thoân-hok-im, chū-án-ne, 1913 nî ti kin-á-ji̍t ê Bîn-seng se-lō͘ Tâi-pak Chhī-chèng-hú Kéng-chhat-kio̍k Tiong-san Jī phài-chhut-só͘ piⁿ-á siat-li̍p \"Gû-po͘-chng káng-gī-só͘\", tō-sī Siang-liân kàu-hōe ê chian-sin. Āu-lâi in-ūi kám-kak-tio̍h Gû-po͘-chng káng-gī-só͘ só͘-chāi siuⁿ sè, só͘-í 1917 nî tī kin-á-ji̍t ê Bîn-seng tang-lō͘ kap Tiong-san pak-lō͘ ê siang-chhe lō͘-kháu khí tē-it keng chèng-sek ê lé-pài-tn̂g, kā chit-ê káng-gī-só͘ chèng-sek kái-miâ chò Siang-liân kàu-hōe. 1939 nî Tâi-pak-chhī-e̍k-só͘ ūi-tio̍h beh khok-tián Tiong-san pak-lō͘, kàu-tn̂g hông thiah. Kàu-tn̂g chiū ti hiān-kim ūi-tì heng-kiàn nn̄g chàn lâu ê lé-pài-tn̂g.\n\nSiang-liân kàu-hōe hù-sio̍k ê ki-kò͘ pau-koat Siang-liân Sī-chiòng Koan-hoâi Ki-kim-hōe, Siang-liân an-ióng-tiong-sim, Siang-liân Iù-tī-hn̂g téng-téng. Kî-tiong Siang-liân an-ióng-tiong-sim phòe-ha̍p chèng-hú ê chèng-chhek, khok-tián to-goân tn̂g-chiàu ho̍k-bū, jî-chhiáⁿ kap sán-ha̍k-kài khai-chhòng sin-ê sán-ha̍k ha̍p-chok bô͘-sek, li̍p-hoat-úi-oân Lí Lē-hun chheng-chàn Siang-liân an-ióng-tiong-sim sī \"Tâi-oân an-ióng ki-kò͘ ê bô͘-hoān\".\n\nLé-pài kap Chū-hōe\n------------------\n\nSiat-li̍p Eng-gí, Tâi-gí, Hôa-gí lé-pài. Tī 2019 nî, ū 1426 miâ pôe-chhan hōe-oân, 265 miâ bī-pôe-chhan hōe-oân, 220 miâ che̍k-chāi-jîn-put-chāi hōe-oân (chí chhiau-kè 1 nî bô chham-ka lé-pài ê hōe-oân).\n\n### Siang-liân káng-chō\n\nŪi-tio̍h beh hoat-hui koh-khah tōa ê hāu-kó, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ iau-chhiáⁿ kú-hêng Siang-liân káng-chō. Le̍k-nî lâi káng-chō ê chú-tê pau-koat \"Khòa-sè-kí Siōng-pan-cho̍k Lí-châi kap Sim-lêng Chēng-hòa ê Siang-iâⁿ Chhek-lio̍k\", \"Siā-khu Bûn-hòa ê Súi hun-hióng\", \"Au-chiu Ū-miâ kàu-tn̂g Sûn-lé\", \"Tân Tì-hiông lia̍t-sū kap Thài-goân Gō͘ Lia̍t-sū Sū-chek\", \"Jīn-bat Hì-sòaⁿ-gâm\" téng-téng.\n\n*\n\nKiàn-tiok\n---------\n\nSiang-liân Tiúⁿ-lo-kàu-hōe tī 1970 nî 9 ge̍h 29 hō chèng-sek sêng-li̍p \"Siang-liân-tōa-lâu Heng-kiàn Úi-oân-hōe\", iû nn̄g ūi bo̍k-su, saⁿ ūi tiúⁿ-lo kap sì ūi chip-sū chō͘-chiâⁿ hū-chek tiû-kiàn sū-hāng. \n\n1971 nî 4 ge̍h 11 hō kú-hêng tōa-lâu tāng-thó͘ tián-lé, si-kang chóng-kiōng khai 608 kang, kang-têng ê siat-kè, kàm-kang cheng-phìn Lîm Khèng-hong kiàn-tio̍k-su sū-bū-só͘ hū-chek, kang-têng si-kang iû Sam-goân Êng-chō-chhióng tit-piau, 1972 nî 2 ge̍h tè choân-pō͘ oân-kang, 1973 nî 3 ge̍h 3 ji̍t kú-hêng lo̍h-sêng hiàn-tông tián-lé. Sī 11 chân-lâu kǹg-kin khōng-ku-lí hiān-tāi se-sek kiàn-tiok, ū saⁿ pâi chiâⁿ súi ê chiam-téng siuⁿ chhái-sek po-lê chhái-kong-thang-á, tong-nî Tâi-pak khah hán-leh ū ko-lâu, Siang-liân-tōa-lâu piàn-chó siā-khu tē-piau. 1 - 2 lâu sòe hō͘ Chiong-hòa Gîn-hâng êng-gia̍p, 3 -6 lâu sòe hō͘ kong-si hâng-hō, 7-11 kau chū-iōng. 10-11 lâu sī lâu-tiong-lâu lé-pài-tn̂g koh kà-siat koán-hong-khîm, tī tong-nî sī hán-leh ū ê siat-pī.。\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Tâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-lo-kàu-hōe Siang-liân kàu-hōe\n* Siang-liân kàu-hōe chú-ji̍t-o̍h\n* Tâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-lo-kàu-hōe Chhit-chhiⁿ Tiong-hōe\n* Tâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-lo-kàu-hōe-Tâi-pak lú-iû-bāng\n\n*\n\nChham-khó Chu-liāu\n------------------","meta":{"title":"Siang-liân Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[467,4965,0.09405840886203425],"infobox":["
    Siang-liân Tiúⁿ-ló-kàu-hōe
    \n
    Siang-liân Tiúⁿ-ló-kàu-hōe Kiàn-tiok-bu̍t chiàⁿ-bīn
    Chong-kàu
    Léng-tō-chiá\nChú-jīm bo̍k-su: Chhòa Chèng-tō
    khai-kong nî\n1913 nî
    Só͘-chāi
    Só͘-chāi\n\"\" Tâi-oânTâi-pak-chhī Tiong-san-khu Tiong-san pak-lō͘ 2 tōaⁿ 111 hō
    Website
    \nwww.slpctaipei.org
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5410}} -{"text":"**Siang-ke̍k-chú** (Hàn-jī: 雙極子; Eng-gí: *dipole*), ia̍h im-e̍k chò **tai33 pho͘51 lu1**, sī tiān-chû-ha̍k lāi-té ê chi̍t chióng bu̍t-lí mô͘-hêng.\n\nHun-lūi\n-------\n\nBu̍t-lí tiān-siang-ke̍k-chú ê tiān-tiûⁿ (tò-pêng) kap bu̍t-lí chû-siang-ke̍k-chú ê chû-tiûⁿ (chiàⁿ-pêng).\nÁn-chiàu siang-ke̍k-chú ê pún-chit khu-hun chò nn̄g chióng: *tiān-siang-ke̍k-chú* kap *chû--siang-ke̍k-chú*. Chit nn̄g chióng tī chiok chē hong-bīn lóng ē-sái lūi-pí. \n\n* **Tiān-siang-ke̍k-chú** sī chi̍t siang tiān-sèng tùi-hoán (chi̍t ê sī chiàⁿ--ê, chi̍t ê sī hū--ê), tiān-liōng sio-kāng, jî-chhiáⁿ siong-keh chi̍t tōaⁿ kū-lî ê tiān-hō. Nn̄g ê tiān-hō ê liân-sòaⁿ kiò-chò siang-ke̍k-te̍k (Eng-gí: *dipole axis*).\n\nSì chióng chû-siang-ke̍k-chú ê bô͘-hêng kap in ê **chû-tiûⁿ**: tiám siang-ke̍k-chú (chó-siōng), chi̍t siang chû-tan-ke̍k-chú (iū-siōng), îⁿ-kho͘-á tiān-sòaⁿ lāi ê tiān-liû (chó-hā), kap solenoid lāi ê tiān-liû (iū-hā). Chia-ê bô͘--hêng bô-hān sè ê sî, sán-seng ê chû-tiûⁿ phò-bīn lóng kāng-khoán.\n* **Chû-siang-ke̍k-chú** ē-sái ká-sióng sī iû chi̍t siang chû-sèng tùi-hoán (chi̍t ê sī N ke̍k, chi̍t ê sī S ke̍k), \"chû-hō-liōng\" sio-kāng, jî-chhiáⁿ siong-keh chi̍t tōaⁿ kū-lî ê chû-hō (ia̍h hō-chò chû-tan-ke̍k-chú). Tān-sī chû-hō kàu-taⁿ iá-bōe hō͘ lâng koan-chhek--tio̍h, mā bô si̍t-giām ē-tàng chèng-si̍t i ê chûn-chāi. Só͘-í si̍t-chè-siōng ê chû-siang-ke̍k-chú ài iōng pa̍t-hāng lâi chò i ê mô͘-hêng:\n\t+ Kùn-á-hêng ê khip-chio̍h ia̍h sī tòa chû-tiûⁿ ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ (chhiūⁿ tē-kiû kap chiok chē thian-thé) ē-sái khòaⁿ-chò sī chû-siang-ke̍k-chú.\n\t+ Chi̍t ê thong tiān-liû ê îⁿ-kho͘-á tiān-sòaⁿ iah-sī solenoid.\n\t+ Liōng-chú le̍k-ha̍k tiong, ū chi̍t-kóa-á ki-pún lia̍p-chú pún-sin tō sī chû-siang-ke̍k-chú, in-ūi in ū chi̍t ê lōe-chāi sèng-chit — chū-soân.\n\nLán mā ē-sái khu-hun *bu̍t-lí siang-ke̍k-chú* kap *tiám siang-ke̍k-chú.*\n\n* **Bu̍t-lí siang-ke̍k-chú** (Eng-gí: *physical dipole*) sī iû bu̍t-lí si̍t-thé (tiān-hō, tiān-liû) kò͘-sêng--ê.\n\n* **Tiám siang-ke̍k-chú** (Eng-gí: *point dipole*) sī bu̍t-lí siang-ke̍k-chú ê kīn-sū.\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Bu̍t-lí tiān-siang-ke̍k-chú ê nn̄g ke̍k óa siuⁿ kīn ê sî, tō ē kīn-sū chò tiám tiān-siang-ke̍k-chú. | Bu̍t-lí chû-siang-ke̍k-chú ê nn̄g ke̍k óa siuⁿ kīn ê sî, tō ē kīn-sū chò tiám chû-siang-ke̍k-chú. |\n\nSiang-ke̍k-kí\n-------------\n\nPut-koán sī tó chi̍t chióng siang-ke̍k-chú, lóng ē-sái iōng **siang-ke̍k-kí** (Hàn-jī: 雙極矩; Eng-gí: *dipole moment*) lâi biâu-su̍t. Siang-ke̍k-kí tī sò͘-ha̍k siōng sī chi̍t ê hiòng-liōng, ū hong-hiòng kap tōa-sè.\n\n### Tiān-siang-ke̍k-kí\n\nBu̍t-lí tiān-siang-ke̍k-chú ê siang-ke̍k-kí {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {p}}} iōng sò͘-ha̍k-sek lâi tēng-gī tō sī \n\n\n\np\n\n=\nq\n\nd\n\n,\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {p}}=q{\\boldsymbol {d}},}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {p}}=q{\\boldsymbol {d}},}kî-tiong {\\displaystyle q} sī ta̍k ê tiān-hō tiān-liōng ê choa̍t-tùi-tat, {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {d}}} sī tùi hū tiān-hō kàu chiàⁿ tiān-hō ê ūi-î hiòng-liōng. Só͘-í, tiān-siang-ke̍k-chú ê hong-hiòng tō sī hū tiān-hō kàu chiàⁿ tiān-hō ê hong-hiòng, tiān-siang-ke̍k-chú ê tōa-sè tō sī nn̄g t tiān-hō ê iān-liōng sêng in ê kū-lî, tō sī {\\displaystyle p=qd}. Tiān-siang-ke̍k-kí ê SI tan-ūi sī coulomb-kong-chhioh.\n\n### Chû-siang-ke̍k-kí\n\nBu̍t-lí chû-siang-ke̍k-chú ê siang-ke̍k-kí {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {m}}} (ê ū lâng iōng Hi-lia̍p jī-bó {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {\\mu }}}) iōng sò͘-ha̍k-sek lâi tēng-gī tō sī \n\n\n\nm\n\n=\nI\n\na\n\n,\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {m}}=I{\\boldsymbol {a}},}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {m}}=I{\\boldsymbol {a}},}kî-tiong {\\displaystyle I} sī ta̍k ê lâu tī kho͘-á lāi ê tiān-liû tōa-sè, {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {a}}} sī kho͘-á ê bīn-chek hiòng-liōng ({\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {a}}} ê tōa-sè téng-î kho͘-á ê bīn-chek, {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {a}}} ê hong-hiòng ài iōng chiàⁿ-chhiú hoat-chek lâi koat-tēng: nā lí kā chiàⁿ-chhiú pí-chhut \"chán\" ê chhiú-sè, tōa-thâu-bó tō sī {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {a}}} ê hong-hiòng, chhun ê sì ki chéng-thâu tō sī tiān-liû ê hong-hiòng.)\n\nSiang-ke̍k-chú sán-seng ê tiûⁿ\n------------------------------\n\nSiang-ke̍k-chú siū-tio̍h ê le̍k-kí\n----------------------------------\n\nTiān-siang-ke̍k-chú khǹg tī chiâu-ûn tiān-tiûⁿ {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {E}}} ê sî, siang-thâu ê tiān-hō ê siū-tio̍h tōa-sè sio-kāng, hong-hiòng tò-thâu ê la̍t, só͘-í kui-ē tiān-siang-ke̍k-chú ē siū-tio̍h le̍k-kí {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {\\tau }}}, jî-chhiáⁿ kè-sǹg ê kiat-kó sī \n\n\n\nτ\n\n=\n\np\n\n×\n\nE\n\n.\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {\\tau }}={\\boldsymbol {p}}\\,{\\boldsymbol {\\times }}\\,{\\boldsymbol {E}}.}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {\\tau }}={\\boldsymbol {p}}\\,{\\boldsymbol {\\times }}\\,{\\boldsymbol {E}}.}Chû-siang-ke̍k-chú khǹg tī chiâu-ûn chû-tiûⁿ {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {B}}} ê sî, kho͘-á ê múi chi̍t tōaⁿ lóng ê siū-tio̍h tōa-sè bô-kâng ê la̍t, tān-sī chéng-thé lâi khòaⁿ, kho͘-á nn̄g pêng ē siū-tio̍h hong-hiòng tò-thâu ê la̍t, só͘-í kui-ē chû-siang-ke̍k-chú ē siū-tio̍h le̍k-kí {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {\\tau }}}, jî-chhiáⁿ kè-sǹg ê kiat-kó sī \n\n\n\nτ\n\n=\n\nm\n\n×\n\nB\n\n.\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {\\tau }}={\\boldsymbol {m}}\\,{\\boldsymbol {\\times }}\\,{\\boldsymbol {B}}.}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {\\tau }}={\\boldsymbol {m}}\\,{\\boldsymbol {\\times }}\\,{\\boldsymbol {B}}.}\n\nHun-chú siang-ke̍k-chú\n----------------------\n\nIn-ūi chiok chē hun-chú téng-koân ê chiàⁿ, hū tiān-hō hun-pò͘ bô chiâu-ûn, só͘-í in lóng ū siang-ke̍k-kí, chit khoán hun-chú lán kā hō-chò ke̍k-sèng hun-chú. Chhiūⁿ hut-hòa-khing (HF) tō sī ke̍k-sèng hun-chú, i ê hut-sò͘ hit-pêng ê hū tiān-hō bi̍t-tō͘ khah koân, chúi-sò͘ hit-pêng ê chiàⁿ tiān-hō bi̍t-tō͘ khah koân.\n\nO-lân bu̍t-lí hòa-ha̍k ka Peter J. Debye sī tē-it ê kóng-hoàn gián-kiú hun-chú ke̍k-sèng ê kho-ha̍k-ka. Ūi-tio̍h beh piáu-chiong i ê kòng-hiàn, hun-chú siang-ke̍k-chú ê tan-ūi hőng hō-miâ chò debye, hû-hō sī D.\n\nÀn-chiàu siang-ke̍k-chú hêng-sêng ê goan-in, ē-sái hūn chò kúi-nā lūi:\n\n### Éng-kiú siang-ke̍k-chú\n\n### Sùn-sî siang-ke̍k-chú\n\n### Iú-tō siang-ke̍k-chú\n\nLiōng-chú le̍k-ha̍k tiōng ê siang-ke̍k-chú ūn-sǹg-chú\n-----------------------------------------------------\n\n1. 1 2 Jearl Walker, David Halliday, Robert Resnick (2014), *Fundamentals of physics* (10th ed.)*.* John Wiley & Sons. pp. 635–637. ISBN 978-1-118-23072-5.\n2. ↑ Jearl Walker, David Halliday, Robert Resnick (2014), *Fundamentals of physics* (10th ed.)*.* John Wiley & Sons. pp. 635–637. ISBN 978-1-118-23072-5.","meta":{"title":"Siang-ke̍k-chú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1671,5734,0.29141960237181724],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7161}} -{"text":"\n\nSò͘-ha̍k siōng, **siang-khiok hâm-sò͘** (Hàn-jī: 雙曲函數) sī saⁿ-kak hâm-sò͘ ê lūi-chhui, m̄-koh in sī ēng siang-khiok-sòaⁿ tēng-gī ·ê, m̄ sī ēng îⁿ-hêng tēng-gī ·ê. Tiō chhin-chhiūⁿ (cos *t*, sin *t*) chia-ê tiám hêng-sêng chi̍t ê tan-ūi-îⁿ kāng-khoán, (cosh *t*, sinh *t*) chia-ê tiám ē tan-ūi siang-khiok-sòaⁿ ê chiàⁿ-chhiú pòaⁿ-pêng. Koh ū chi̍t ê sio-siâng ê só͘-chāi sī, sin(*t*) kap cos(*t*) ê tō-hâm-sò͘ hun-pia̍t sī cos(*t*) kap –sin(*t*), ah sinh(*t*) kap cosh(*t*) ê tō-hâm-só͘ hun-pia̍t sī cosh(*t*) kap +sinh(*t*).\n\nSiang-khiok hâm-sò͘ chhut-hiān tī siang-khiok kì-hō-ha̍k tiong kak-tō͘ kap kī-lī ê kè-sǹg. They also occur in the solutions of many sòaⁿ-sèng bî-hun hong-têng-sek (phì-lūn-kóng tēng-gī catenary ê hong-têng-sek), li̍p-hong hong-têng-sek, kap Khu-chhioh-kak chō-piau tiong ê Laplace hong-têng-sek. Laplace hong-têng-sek tī bu̍t-lí-ha̍k ê chin-chē léng-he̍k tiong lóng chiok tiōng-iàu ·ê, chia-ê léng-he̍k pau-koat tiān-chú-ha̍k, jia̍t thoân-tō, liû-thé le̍k-ha̍k kap te̍k-sû siong-tùi-lūn.\n\nKi-pún ê siang-khiok hâm-sò͘ ū:\n\n* **siang-khiok sine** \"sinh\" (/ˈsɪŋ, ˈsɪntʃ, ˈʃaɪn/),\n* **siang-khiok cosine** \"cosh\" (/ˈkɒʃ, ˈkoʊʃ/),\n\ntùi chit nn̄g ê ē-sái tit-tio̍h:\n\n* **siang-khiok** **tangent** \"tanh\" (/ˈtæŋ, ˈtæntʃ, ˈθæn/),\n* **siang-khiok** **cosecant** \"csch\" or \"cosech\" (/ˈkoʊsɛtʃ, ˈkoʊʃɛk/)\n* **siang-khiok** **secant** \"sech\" (/ˈsɛtʃ, ˈʃɛk/),\n* **siang-khiok** **cotangent** \"coth\" (/ˈkɒθ, ˈkoʊθ/).\n\nTēng-gī\n-------\n\nBeh tēng-gī siang-khiok hâm-sò͘, ū chiok chē chióng hoat.\n\n### Chí-sò͘ hâm-sò͘\n\nsinh *x* sī *ex* kap *e*−*x* chha ê chi̍t-pòaⁿ\ncosh *x* sī *ex* kap *e*−*x* ê pêng-kun\nTùi chí-sò͘ hâm-sò͘ lâi tēng-gī:\n\n* Siang-khiok sine: chí-sò͘ hâm-sò͘ ê khia-pō͘, tiō-sī, \n\nsinh\n⁡\nx\n=\n\ne\n\nx\n\n−\n\ne\n\n−\nx\n\n2\n\n=\n\ne\n\n2\nx\n\n−\n1\n\n2\n\ne\n\nx\n\n\n=\n\n1\n−\n\ne\n\n−\n2\nx\n\n2\n\ne\n\n−\nx\n\n\n.\n\n{\\displaystyle \\sinh x={\\frac {e^{x}-e^{-x}}{2}}={\\frac {e^{2x}-1}{2e^{x}}}={\\frac {1-e^{-2x}}{2e^{-x}}}.}\n\n{\\displaystyle \\sinh x={\\frac {e^{x}-e^{-x}}{2}}={\\frac {e^{2x}-1}{2e^{x}}}={\\frac {1-e^{-2x}}{2e^{-x}}}.}\n* Siang-khiok cosine: the even part of the exponential function, that is, \n\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n=\n\ne\n\nx\n\n+\n\ne\n\n−\nx\n\n2\n\n=\n\ne\n\n2\nx\n\n+\n1\n\n2\n\ne\n\nx\n\n\n=\n\n1\n+\n\ne\n\n−\n2\nx\n\n2\n\ne\n\n−\nx\n\n\n.\n\n{\\displaystyle \\cosh x={\\frac {e^{x}+e^{-x}}{2}}={\\frac {e^{2x}+1}{2e^{x}}}={\\frac {1+e^{-2x}}{2e^{-x}}}.}\n\n{\\displaystyle \\cosh x={\\frac {e^{x}+e^{-x}}{2}}={\\frac {e^{2x}+1}{2e^{x}}}={\\frac {1+e^{-2x}}{2e^{-x}}}.}\n* Siang-khiok tangent: \n\ntanh\n⁡\nx\n=\n\nsinh\n⁡\nx\n\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n\n=\n\ne\n\nx\n\n−\n\ne\n\n−\nx\n\n\ne\n\nx\n\n+\n\ne\n\n−\nx\n\n\n=\n\ne\n\n2\nx\n\n−\n1\n\ne\n\n2\nx\n\n+\n1\n\n.\n\n{\\displaystyle \\tanh x={\\frac {\\sinh x}{\\cosh x}}={\\frac {e^{x}-e^{-x}}{e^{x}+e^{-x}}}={\\frac {e^{2x}-1}{e^{2x}+1}}.}\n\n{\\displaystyle \\tanh x={\\frac {\\sinh x}{\\cosh x}}={\\frac {e^{x}-e^{-x}}{e^{x}+e^{-x}}}={\\frac {e^{2x}-1}{e^{2x}+1}}.}\n* Siang-khiok cotangent: *x* ≠ 0 ê sî, \n\ncoth\n⁡\nx\n=\n\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n\nsinh\n⁡\nx\n\n=\n\ne\n\nx\n\n+\n\ne\n\n−\nx\n\n\ne\n\nx\n\n−\n\ne\n\n−\nx\n\n\n=\n\ne\n\n2\nx\n\n+\n1\n\ne\n\n2\nx\n\n−\n1\n\n.\n\n{\\displaystyle \\coth x={\\frac {\\cosh x}{\\sinh x}}={\\frac {e^{x}+e^{-x}}{e^{x}-e^{-x}}}={\\frac {e^{2x}+1}{e^{2x}-1}}.}\n\n{\\displaystyle \\coth x={\\frac {\\cosh x}{\\sinh x}}={\\frac {e^{x}+e^{-x}}{e^{x}-e^{-x}}}={\\frac {e^{2x}+1}{e^{2x}-1}}.}\n* Siang-khiok secant: \n\nsech\n⁡\nx\n=\n\n1\n\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n\n=\n\n2\n\ne\n\nx\n\n+\n\ne\n\n−\nx\n\n\n=\n\n2\n\ne\n\nx\n\n\ne\n\n2\nx\n\n+\n1\n\n.\n\n{\\displaystyle \\operatorname {sech} x={\\frac {1}{\\cosh x}}={\\frac {2}{e^{x}+e^{-x}}}={\\frac {2e^{x}}{e^{2x}+1}}.}\n\n{\\displaystyle \\operatorname {sech} x={\\frac {1}{\\cosh x}}={\\frac {2}{e^{x}+e^{-x}}}={\\frac {2e^{x}}{e^{2x}+1}}.}\n* Siang-khiok cosecant: *x* ≠ 0 ê sî, \n\ncsch\n⁡\nx\n=\n\n1\n\nsinh\n⁡\nx\n\n=\n\n2\n\ne\n\nx\n\n−\n\ne\n\n−\nx\n\n\n=\n\n2\n\ne\n\nx\n\n\ne\n\n2\nx\n\n−\n1\n\n.\n\n{\\displaystyle \\operatorname {csch} x={\\frac {1}{\\sinh x}}={\\frac {2}{e^{x}-e^{-x}}}={\\frac {2e^{x}}{e^{2x}-1}}.}\n\n{\\displaystyle \\operatorname {csch} x={\\frac {1}{\\sinh x}}={\\frac {2}{e^{x}-e^{-x}}}={\\frac {2e^{x}}{e^{2x}-1}}.}\n\n### Ho̍k-cha̍p-sò͘ saⁿ-kak hâm-sò͘\n\nTùi ho̍k-cha̍p-sò͘ piān-só͘ ê saⁿ-kak hâm-sò͘ mā ē-sái lâi tēng-gī siang-khiok hâm-sò͘:\n\n* Siang-khiok sine: \n\nsinh\n⁡\nx\n=\n−\ni\nsin\n⁡\n(\ni\nx\n)\n.\n\n{\\displaystyle \\sinh x=-i\\sin(ix).}\n\n{\\displaystyle \\sinh x=-i\\sin(ix).}\n* Siang-khiok cosine: \n\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n=\ncos\n⁡\n(\ni\nx\n)\n.\n\n{\\displaystyle \\cosh x=\\cos(ix).}\n\n{\\displaystyle \\cosh x=\\cos(ix).}\n* Siang-khiok tangent: \n\ntanh\n⁡\nx\n=\n−\ni\ntan\n⁡\n(\ni\nx\n)\n.\n\n{\\displaystyle \\tanh x=-i\\tan(ix).}\n\n{\\displaystyle \\tanh x=-i\\tan(ix).}\n* Siang-khiok cotangent: \n\ncoth\n⁡\nx\n=\ni\ncot\n⁡\n(\ni\nx\n)\n.\n\n{\\displaystyle \\coth x=i\\cot(ix).}\n\n{\\displaystyle \\coth x=i\\cot(ix).}\n* Siang-khiok secant: \n\nsech\n⁡\nx\n=\nsec\n⁡\n(\ni\nx\n)\n.\n\n{\\displaystyle \\operatorname {sech} x=\\sec(ix).}\n\n{\\displaystyle \\operatorname {sech} x=\\sec(ix).}\n* Siang-khiok cosecant:\n\ncsch\n⁡\nx\n=\ni\ncsc\n⁡\n(\ni\nx\n)\n.\n\n{\\displaystyle \\operatorname {csch} x=i\\csc(ix).}\n\n{\\displaystyle \\operatorname {csch} x=i\\csc(ix).}\n\nkî-tiong i sī hi-sò͘ tan-ūi-goân, *i*2 = −1.\n\nÍ-siōng ê tēng-gī sī thàu-kòe Euler kong-sek kap chí-sò͘ hâm-sò͘ tēng-gī sán-seng koan-hē.\n\nŪ lō͘-ēng ê koan-hē-sek\n-----------------------\n\nsinh kap cosh hun-pia̍t sī khia-sò͘ hâm-sò͘ kap siang-sò͘ hâm-sò͘:\n\n\n\nsinh\n⁡\n(\n−\nx\n)\n\n=\n−\nsinh\n⁡\nx\n\ncosh\n⁡\n(\n−\nx\n)\n\n=\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\sinh(-x)&=-\\sinh x\\\\\\cosh(-x)&=\\cosh x\\end{aligned}}}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\sinh(-x)&=-\\sinh x\\\\\\cosh(-x)&=\\cosh x\\end{aligned}}}Só͘-í:\n\n\n\ntanh\n⁡\n(\n−\nx\n)\n\n=\n−\ntanh\n⁡\nx\n\ncoth\n⁡\n(\n−\nx\n)\n\n=\n−\ncoth\n⁡\nx\n\nsech\n⁡\n(\n−\nx\n)\n\n=\nsech\n⁡\nx\n\ncsch\n⁡\n(\n−\nx\n)\n\n=\n−\ncsch\n⁡\nx\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\tanh(-x)&=-\\tanh x\\\\\\coth(-x)&=-\\coth x\\\\\\operatorname {sech} (-x)&=\\operatorname {sech} x\\\\\\operatorname {csch} (-x)&=-\\operatorname {csch} x\\end{aligned}}}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\tanh(-x)&=-\\tanh x\\\\\\coth(-x)&=-\\coth x\\\\\\operatorname {sech} (-x)&=\\operatorname {sech} x\\\\\\operatorname {csch} (-x)&=-\\operatorname {csch} x\\end{aligned}}}Só͘-í, cosh *x* kap sech *x* sī siang-sò͘ hâm-sò͘; kî-thaⁿ-·ê sī khia-sò͘ hâm-sò͘.\n\n\n\narsech\n⁡\nx\n\n=\narcosh\n⁡\n\n(\n\n1\nx\n\n)\n\n\narcsch\n⁡\nx\n\n=\narsinh\n⁡\n\n(\n\n1\nx\n\n)\n\n\narcoth\n⁡\nx\n\n=\nartanh\n⁡\n\n(\n\n1\nx\n\n)\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\operatorname {arsech} x&=\\operatorname {arcosh} \\left({\\frac {1}{x}}\\right)\\\\\\operatorname {arcsch} x&=\\operatorname {arsinh} \\left({\\frac {1}{x}}\\right)\\\\\\operatorname {arcoth} x&=\\operatorname {artanh} \\left({\\frac {1}{x}}\\right)\\end{aligned}}}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\operatorname {arsech} x&=\\operatorname {arcosh} \\left({\\frac {1}{x}}\\right)\\\\\\operatorname {arcsch} x&=\\operatorname {arsinh} \\left({\\frac {1}{x}}\\right)\\\\\\operatorname {arcoth} x&=\\operatorname {artanh} \\left({\\frac {1}{x}}\\right)\\end{aligned}}}\n\n\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n+\nsinh\n⁡\nx\n\n=\n\ne\n\nx\n\n\n\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n−\nsinh\n⁡\nx\n\n=\n\ne\n\n−\nx\n\n\ncosh\n\n2\n\n⁡\nx\n−\n\nsinh\n\n2\n\n⁡\nx\n\n=\n1\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\cosh x+\\sinh x&=e^{x}\\\\\\cosh x-\\sinh x&=e^{-x}\\\\\\cosh ^{2}x-\\sinh ^{2}x&=1\\end{aligned}}}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\cosh x+\\sinh x&=e^{x}\\\\\\cosh x-\\sinh x&=e^{-x}\\\\\\cosh ^{2}x-\\sinh ^{2}x&=1\\end{aligned}}}siōng-bóe chi̍t ê kap Pythagorean saⁿ-kak hêng-têng-sek ū sêng.\n\nLán mā ū\n\n\n\n\nsech\n\n2\n\n⁡\nx\n\n=\n1\n−\n\ntanh\n\n2\n\n⁡\nx\n\n\ncsch\n\n2\n\n⁡\nx\n\n=\n\ncoth\n\n2\n\n⁡\nx\n−\n1\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\operatorname {sech} ^{2}x&=1-\\tanh ^{2}x\\\\\\operatorname {csch} ^{2}x&=\\coth ^{2}x-1\\end{aligned}}}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\operatorname {sech} ^{2}x&=1-\\tanh ^{2}x\\\\\\operatorname {csch} ^{2}x&=\\coth ^{2}x-1\\end{aligned}}}\n### Piàn-sò͘ saⁿ-thiⁿ\n\n\n\n\nsinh\n⁡\n(\nx\n+\ny\n)\n\n=\nsinh\n⁡\nx\ncosh\n⁡\ny\n+\ncosh\n⁡\nx\nsinh\n⁡\ny\n\ncosh\n⁡\n(\nx\n+\ny\n)\n\n=\ncosh\n⁡\nx\ncosh\n⁡\ny\n+\nsinh\n⁡\nx\nsinh\n⁡\ny\n\ntanh\n⁡\n(\nx\n+\ny\n)\n\n=\n\ntanh\n⁡\nx\n+\ntanh\n⁡\ny\n\n1\n+\ntanh\n⁡\nx\ntanh\n⁡\ny\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\sinh(x+y)&=\\sinh x\\cosh y+\\cosh x\\sinh y\\\\\\cosh(x+y)&=\\cosh x\\cosh y+\\sinh x\\sinh y\\\\[6px]\\tanh(x+y)&={\\frac {\\tanh x+\\tanh y}{1+\\tanh x\\tanh y}}\\\\\\end{aligned}}}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\sinh(x+y)&=\\sinh x\\cosh y+\\cosh x\\sinh y\\\\\\cosh(x+y)&=\\cosh x\\cosh y+\\sinh x\\sinh y\\\\[6px]\\tanh(x+y)&={\\frac {\\tanh x+\\tanh y}{1+\\tanh x\\tanh y}}\\\\\\end{aligned}}}te̍k-pia̍t sī\n\n\n\ncosh\n⁡\n(\n2\nx\n)\n\n=\n\nsinh\n\n2\n\n⁡\n\nx\n\n+\n\ncosh\n\n2\n\n⁡\n\nx\n\n=\n2\n\nsinh\n\n2\n\n⁡\nx\n+\n1\n=\n2\n\ncosh\n\n2\n\n⁡\nx\n−\n1\n\nsinh\n⁡\n(\n2\nx\n)\n\n=\n2\nsinh\n⁡\nx\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n\ntanh\n⁡\n(\n2\nx\n)\n\n=\n\n2\ntanh\n⁡\nx\n\n1\n+\n\ntanh\n\n2\n\n⁡\nx\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\cosh(2x)&=\\sinh ^{2}{x}+\\cosh ^{2}{x}=2\\sinh ^{2}x+1=2\\cosh ^{2}x-1\\\\\\sinh(2x)&=2\\sinh x\\cosh x\\\\\\tanh(2x)&={\\frac {2\\tanh x}{1+\\tanh ^{2}x}}\\\\\\end{aligned}}}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\cosh(2x)&=\\sinh ^{2}{x}+\\cosh ^{2}{x}=2\\sinh ^{2}x+1=2\\cosh ^{2}x-1\\\\\\sinh(2x)&=2\\sinh x\\cosh x\\\\\\tanh(2x)&={\\frac {2\\tanh x}{1+\\tanh ^{2}x}}\\\\\\end{aligned}}}Koh ū:\n\n\n\nsinh\n⁡\nx\n+\nsinh\n⁡\ny\n\n=\n2\nsinh\n⁡\n\n(\n\nx\n+\ny\n\n2\n\n)\n\ncosh\n⁡\n\n(\n\nx\n−\ny\n\n2\n\n)\n\n\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n+\ncosh\n⁡\ny\n\n=\n2\ncosh\n⁡\n\n(\n\nx\n+\ny\n\n2\n\n)\n\ncosh\n⁡\n\n(\n\nx\n−\ny\n\n2\n\n)\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\sinh x+\\sinh y&=2\\sinh \\left({\\frac {x+y}{2}}\\right)\\cosh \\left({\\frac {x-y}{2}}\\right)\\\\\\cosh x+\\cosh y&=2\\cosh \\left({\\frac {x+y}{2}}\\right)\\cosh \\left({\\frac {x-y}{2}}\\right)\\\\\\end{aligned}}}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\sinh x+\\sinh y&=2\\sinh \\left({\\frac {x+y}{2}}\\right)\\cosh \\left({\\frac {x-y}{2}}\\right)\\\\\\cosh x+\\cosh y&=2\\cosh \\left({\\frac {x+y}{2}}\\right)\\cosh \\left({\\frac {x-y}{2}}\\right)\\\\\\end{aligned}}}\n### Piàn-sò͘ saⁿ-kiám\n\n\n\n\nsinh\n⁡\n(\nx\n−\ny\n)\n\n=\nsinh\n⁡\nx\ncosh\n⁡\ny\n−\ncosh\n⁡\nx\nsinh\n⁡\ny\n\ncosh\n⁡\n(\nx\n−\ny\n)\n\n=\ncosh\n⁡\nx\ncosh\n⁡\ny\n−\nsinh\n⁡\nx\nsinh\n⁡\ny\n\ntanh\n⁡\n(\nx\n−\ny\n)\n\n=\n\ntanh\n⁡\nx\n−\ntanh\n⁡\ny\n\n1\n−\ntanh\n⁡\nx\ntanh\n⁡\ny\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\sinh(x-y)&=\\sinh x\\cosh y-\\cosh x\\sinh y\\\\\\cosh(x-y)&=\\cosh x\\cosh y-\\sinh x\\sinh y\\\\\\tanh(x-y)&={\\frac {\\tanh x-\\tanh y}{1-\\tanh x\\tanh y}}\\\\\\end{aligned}}}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\sinh(x-y)&=\\sinh x\\cosh y-\\cosh x\\sinh y\\\\\\cosh(x-y)&=\\cosh x\\cosh y-\\sinh x\\sinh y\\\\\\tanh(x-y)&={\\frac {\\tanh x-\\tanh y}{1-\\tanh x\\tanh y}}\\\\\\end{aligned}}}Koh ū:\n\n\n\nsinh\n⁡\nx\n−\nsinh\n⁡\ny\n\n=\n2\ncosh\n⁡\n\n(\n\nx\n+\ny\n\n2\n\n)\n\nsinh\n⁡\n\n(\n\nx\n−\ny\n\n2\n\n)\n\n\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n−\ncosh\n⁡\ny\n\n=\n2\nsinh\n⁡\n\n(\n\nx\n+\ny\n\n2\n\n)\n\nsinh\n⁡\n\n(\n\nx\n−\ny\n\n2\n\n)\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\sinh x-\\sinh y&=2\\cosh \\left({\\frac {x+y}{2}}\\right)\\sinh \\left({\\frac {x-y}{2}}\\right)\\\\\\cosh x-\\cosh y&=2\\sinh \\left({\\frac {x+y}{2}}\\right)\\sinh \\left({\\frac {x-y}{2}}\\right)\\\\\\end{aligned}}}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\sinh x-\\sinh y&=2\\cosh \\left({\\frac {x+y}{2}}\\right)\\sinh \\left({\\frac {x-y}{2}}\\right)\\\\\\cosh x-\\cosh y&=2\\sinh \\left({\\frac {x+y}{2}}\\right)\\sinh \\left({\\frac {x-y}{2}}\\right)\\\\\\end{aligned}}}\n### Piàn-sò͘ kiám-pòaⁿ\n\n\n\n\nsinh\n⁡\n\n(\n\nx\n2\n\n)\n\n=\n\nsinh\n⁡\nx\n\n2\n(\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n+\n1\n)\n\n\n=\nsgn\n⁡\nx\n\n\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n−\n1\n\n2\n\n\ncosh\n⁡\n\n(\n\nx\n2\n\n)\n\n=\n\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n+\n1\n\n2\n\n\ntanh\n⁡\n\n(\n\nx\n2\n\n)\n\n=\n\nsinh\n⁡\nx\n\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n+\n1\n\n\n=\nsgn\n⁡\nx\n\n\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n−\n1\n\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n+\n1\n\n=\n\ne\n\nx\n\n−\n1\n\ne\n\nx\n\n+\n1\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\sinh \\left({\\frac {x}{2}}\\right)&={\\frac {\\sinh x}{\\sqrt {2(\\cosh x+1)}}}&&=\\operatorname {sgn} x\\,{\\sqrt {\\frac {\\cosh x-1}{2}}}\\\\[6px]\\cosh \\left({\\frac {x}{2}}\\right)&={\\sqrt {\\frac {\\cosh x+1}{2}}}\\\\[6px]\\tanh \\left({\\frac {x}{2}}\\right)&={\\frac {\\sinh x}{\\cosh x+1}}&&=\\operatorname {sgn} x\\,{\\sqrt {\\frac {\\cosh x-1}{\\cosh x+1}}}={\\frac {e^{x}-1}{e^{x}+1}}\\end{aligned}}}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\sinh \\left({\\frac {x}{2}}\\right)&={\\frac {\\sinh x}{\\sqrt {2(\\cosh x+1)}}}&&=\\operatorname {sgn} x\\,{\\sqrt {\\frac {\\cosh x-1}{2}}}\\\\[6px]\\cosh \\left({\\frac {x}{2}}\\right)&={\\sqrt {\\frac {\\cosh x+1}{2}}}\\\\[6px]\\tanh \\left({\\frac {x}{2}}\\right)&={\\frac {\\sinh x}{\\cosh x+1}}&&=\\operatorname {sgn} x\\,{\\sqrt {\\frac {\\cosh x-1}{\\cosh x+1}}}={\\frac {e^{x}-1}{e^{x}+1}}\\end{aligned}}}kî-tiong sgn sī chèng-hū-hō hâm-sò͘.\n*x* ≠ 0 ê sî,\n\n\ntanh\n⁡\n\n(\n\nx\n2\n\n)\n\n=\n\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n−\n1\n\nsinh\n⁡\nx\n\n=\ncoth\n⁡\nx\n−\ncsch\n⁡\nx\n\n{\\displaystyle \\tanh \\left({\\frac {x}{2}}\\right)={\\frac {\\cosh x-1}{\\sinh x}}=\\coth x-\\operatorname {csch} x}\n\n{\\displaystyle \\tanh \\left({\\frac {x}{2}}\\right)={\\frac {\\cosh x-1}{\\sinh x}}=\\coth x-\\operatorname {csch} x}\n### Pêng-hong kong-sek\n\n\n\nsinh\n\n2\n\n⁡\nx\n\n=\n\n1\n2\n\n(\ncosh\n⁡\n2\nx\n−\n1\n)\n\n\ncosh\n\n2\n\n⁡\nx\n\n=\n\n1\n2\n\n(\ncosh\n⁡\n2\nx\n+\n1\n)\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\sinh ^{2}x&={\\frac {1}{2}}(\\cosh 2x-1)\\\\\\cosh ^{2}x&={\\frac {1}{2}}(\\cosh 2x+1)\\end{aligned}}}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\sinh ^{2}x&={\\frac {1}{2}}(\\cosh 2x-1)\\\\\\cosh ^{2}x&={\\frac {1}{2}}(\\cosh 2x+1)\\end{aligned}}}\n### Put-téng-sek\n\nChit ê put-téng-sek tī thóng-kè-ha̍k lāi-té chin ū lō͘-ēng:\n{\\displaystyle \\operatorname {cosh} (t)\\leq e^{t^{2}/2}}.\n\nĒng tùi-sò͘ piat-ta̍t hoán-siang-khiok hâm-sò͘\n----------------------------------------------\n\n \n\n\n\narsinh\n⁡\n(\nx\n)\n\n=\nln\n⁡\n\n(\n\nx\n+\n\nx\n\n2\n\n+\n1\n\n)\n\n\narcosh\n⁡\n(\nx\n)\n\n=\nln\n⁡\n\n(\n\nx\n+\n\nx\n\n2\n\n−\n1\n\n)\n\nx\n≥\n1\n\nartanh\n⁡\n(\nx\n)\n\n=\n\n1\n2\n\nln\n⁡\n\n(\n\n1\n+\nx\n\n1\n−\nx\n\n)\n\n\n\n|\n\nx\n\n|\n\n<\n1\n\narcoth\n⁡\n(\nx\n)\n\n=\n\n1\n2\n\nln\n⁡\n\n(\n\nx\n+\n1\n\nx\n−\n1\n\n)\n\n\n\n|\n\nx\n\n|\n\n>\n1\n\narsech\n⁡\n(\nx\n)\n\n=\nln\n⁡\n\n(\n\n1\nx\n\n+\n\n1\n\nx\n\n2\n\n−\n1\n\n)\n\n=\nln\n⁡\n\n(\n\n1\n+\n\n1\n−\n\nx\n\n2\n\n\nx\n\n)\n\n0\n<\nx\n≤\n1\n\narcsch\n⁡\n(\nx\n)\n\n=\nln\n⁡\n\n(\n\n1\nx\n\n+\n\n1\n\nx\n\n2\n\n+\n1\n\n)\n\nx\n≠\n0\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\operatorname {arsinh} (x)&=\\ln \\left(x+{\\sqrt {x^{2}+1}}\\right)\\\\\\operatorname {arcosh} (x)&=\\ln \\left(x+{\\sqrt {x^{2}-1}}\\right)&&x\\geq 1\\\\\\operatorname {artanh} (x)&={\\frac {1}{2}}\\ln \\left({\\frac {1+x}{1-x}}\\right)&&|x|<1\\\\\\operatorname {arcoth} (x)&={\\frac {1}{2}}\\ln \\left({\\frac {x+1}{x-1}}\\right)&&|x|>1\\\\\\operatorname {arsech} (x)&=\\ln \\left({\\frac {1}{x}}+{\\sqrt {{\\frac {1}{x^{2}}}-1}}\\right)=\\ln \\left({\\frac {1+{\\sqrt {1-x^{2}}}}{x}}\\right)&&01\\\\\\operatorname {arsech} (x)&=\\ln \\left({\\frac {1}{x}}+{\\sqrt {{\\frac {1}{x^{2}}}-1}}\\right)=\\ln \\left({\\frac {1+{\\sqrt {1-x^{2}}}}{x}}\\right)&&0\n\na\n\n2\n\n\n\n∫\n\n1\n\nu\n\na\n\n2\n\n−\n\nu\n\n2\n\n\n\nd\nu\n\n=\n−\n\na\n\n−\n1\n\narsech\n⁡\n\n|\n\nu\na\n\n|\n\n+\nC\n\n∫\n\n1\n\nu\n\na\n\n2\n\n+\n\nu\n\n2\n\n\n\nd\nu\n\n=\n−\n\na\n\n−\n1\n\narcsch\n⁡\n\n|\n\nu\na\n\n|\n\n+\nC\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\int {{\\frac {1}{\\sqrt {a^{2}+u^{2}}}}\\,du}&=\\operatorname {arsinh} \\left({\\frac {u}{a}}\\right)+C\\\\\\int {{\\frac {1}{\\sqrt {u^{2}-a^{2}}}}\\,du}&=\\operatorname {sgn} {u}\\operatorname {arcosh} \\left|{\\frac {u}{a}}\\right|+C\\\\\\int {\\frac {1}{a^{2}-u^{2}}}\\,du&=a^{-1}\\operatorname {artanh} \\left({\\frac {u}{a}}\\right)+C&&u^{2}a^{2}\\\\\\int {{\\frac {1}{u{\\sqrt {a^{2}-u^{2}}}}}\\,du}&=-a^{-1}\\operatorname {arsech} \\left|{\\frac {u}{a}}\\right|+C\\\\\\int {{\\frac {1}{u{\\sqrt {a^{2}+u^{2}}}}}\\,du}&=-a^{-1}\\operatorname {arcsch} \\left|{\\frac {u}{a}}\\right|+C\\end{aligned}}}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\int {{\\frac {1}{\\sqrt {a^{2}+u^{2}}}}\\,du}&=\\operatorname {arsinh} \\left({\\frac {u}{a}}\\right)+C\\\\\\int {{\\frac {1}{\\sqrt {u^{2}-a^{2}}}}\\,du}&=\\operatorname {sgn} {u}\\operatorname {arcosh} \\left|{\\frac {u}{a}}\\right|+C\\\\\\int {\\frac {1}{a^{2}-u^{2}}}\\,du&=a^{-1}\\operatorname {artanh} \\left({\\frac {u}{a}}\\right)+C&&u^{2}a^{2}\\\\\\int {{\\frac {1}{u{\\sqrt {a^{2}-u^{2}}}}}\\,du}&=-a^{-1}\\operatorname {arsech} \\left|{\\frac {u}{a}}\\right|+C\\\\\\int {{\\frac {1}{u{\\sqrt {a^{2}+u^{2}}}}}\\,du}&=-a^{-1}\\operatorname {arcsch} \\left|{\\frac {u}{a}}\\right|+C\\end{aligned}}}kî-tiong *C* sī chek-hun siông-sò͘.\n\nKap chí-sò͘ hâm-sò͘ ê koan-hē\n-----------------------------\n\nKā chí-sò͘ hâm-sò͘ hun-kái chò i ê khia-sò͘ pō͘-hūn kap siang-sò͘ pō͘-hūn, lán tiō ū hêng-téng-sek\n\n\n\ne\n\nx\n\n=\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n+\nsinh\n⁡\nx\n,\n\n{\\displaystyle e^{x}=\\cosh x+\\sinh x,}\n\n{\\displaystyle e^{x}=\\cosh x+\\sinh x,}kap\n\n\n\ne\n\n−\nx\n\n=\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n−\nsinh\n⁡\nx\n.\n\n{\\displaystyle e^{-x}=\\cosh x-\\sinh x.}\n\n{\\displaystyle e^{-x}=\\cosh x-\\sinh x.}Kap Euler kong-sek ha̍p-pèng\n\n\n\ne\n\ni\nx\n\n=\ncos\n⁡\nx\n+\ni\nsin\n⁡\nx\n,\n\n{\\displaystyle e^{ix}=\\cos x+i\\sin x,}\n\n{\\displaystyle e^{ix}=\\cos x+i\\sin x,}tiō ē tit-tio̍h\n\n\n\ne\n\nx\n+\ni\ny\n\n=\n(\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n+\nsinh\n⁡\nx\n)\n(\ncos\n⁡\ny\n+\ni\nsin\n⁡\ny\n)\n\n{\\displaystyle e^{x+iy}=(\\cosh x+\\sinh x)(\\cos y+i\\sin y)}\n\n{\\displaystyle e^{x+iy}=(\\cosh x+\\sinh x)(\\cos y+i\\sin y)}che tiō sī it-poaⁿ ê ho̍k-cha̍p-sò͘ chí-sò͘ hâm-sò͘ ê kong-sek.\n\nLēng-gōa koh ū\n\n\n\ne\n\nx\n\n=\n\n1\n+\ntanh\n⁡\nx\n\n1\n−\ntanh\n⁡\nx\n\n=\n\n1\n+\ntanh\n⁡\n\nx\n2\n\n1\n−\ntanh\n⁡\n\nx\n2\n\n\n{\\displaystyle e^{x}={\\sqrt {\\frac {1+\\tanh x}{1-\\tanh x}}}={\\frac {1+\\tanh {\\frac {x}{2}}}{1-\\tanh {\\frac {x}{2}}}}}\n\n{\\displaystyle e^{x}={\\sqrt {\\frac {1+\\tanh x}{1-\\tanh x}}}={\\frac {1+\\tanh {\\frac {x}{2}}}{1-\\tanh {\\frac {x}{2}}}}}\n\nHo̍k-cha̍p-sò͘ piān-só͘ ê siang-khiok hâm-sò͘\n---------------------------------------------\n\nIn-ūi chí-sò͘ hâm-sò͘ ē-sái tùi jīm-hô ho̍k-cha̍p-sò͘ piān-só͘ lâi tēng-gī, lán tiō ē-sái kā hit khoán tēng-gī chhun kàu siang-khiok hâm-sò͘.\n\nHo̍k-cha̍p-sò͘ ê Euler kong-sek \n\n\n\n\ne\n\ni\nx\n\n\n=\ncos\n⁡\nx\n+\ni\nsin\n⁡\nx\n\n\ne\n\n−\ni\nx\n\n\n=\ncos\n⁡\nx\n−\ni\nsin\n⁡\nx\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}e^{ix}&=\\cos x+i\\sin x\\\\e^{-ix}&=\\cos x-i\\sin x\\end{aligned}}}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}e^{ix}&=\\cos x+i\\sin x\\\\e^{-ix}&=\\cos x-i\\sin x\\end{aligned}}}só͘-í:\n\n\n\ncosh\n⁡\n(\ni\nx\n)\n\n=\n\n1\n2\n\n(\n\ne\n\ni\nx\n\n+\n\ne\n\n−\ni\nx\n\n)\n\n=\ncos\n⁡\nx\n\nsinh\n⁡\n(\ni\nx\n)\n\n=\n\n1\n2\n\n(\n\ne\n\ni\nx\n\n−\n\ne\n\n−\ni\nx\n\n)\n\n=\ni\nsin\n⁡\nx\n\ncosh\n⁡\n(\nx\n+\ni\ny\n)\n\n=\ncosh\n⁡\n(\nx\n)\ncos\n⁡\n(\ny\n)\n+\ni\nsinh\n⁡\n(\nx\n)\nsin\n⁡\n(\ny\n)\n\nsinh\n⁡\n(\nx\n+\ni\ny\n)\n\n=\nsinh\n⁡\n(\nx\n)\ncos\n⁡\n(\ny\n)\n+\ni\ncosh\n⁡\n(\nx\n)\nsin\n⁡\n(\ny\n)\n\ntanh\n⁡\n(\ni\nx\n)\n\n=\ni\ntan\n⁡\nx\n\ncosh\n⁡\nx\n\n=\ncos\n⁡\n(\ni\nx\n)\n\nsinh\n⁡\nx\n\n=\n−\ni\nsin\n⁡\n(\ni\nx\n)\n\ntanh\n⁡\nx\n\n=\n−\ni\ntan\n⁡\n(\ni\nx\n)\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\cosh(ix)&={\\frac {1}{2}}\\left(e^{ix}+e^{-ix}\\right)=\\cos x\\\\\\sinh(ix)&={\\frac {1}{2}}\\left(e^{ix}-e^{-ix}\\right)=i\\sin x\\\\\\cosh(x+iy)&=\\cosh(x)\\cos(y)+i\\sinh(x)\\sin(y)\\\\\\sinh(x+iy)&=\\sinh(x)\\cos(y)+i\\cosh(x)\\sin(y)\\\\\\tanh(ix)&=i\\tan x\\\\\\cosh x&=\\cos(ix)\\\\\\sinh x&=-i\\sin(ix)\\\\\\tanh x&=-i\\tan(ix)\\end{aligned}}}\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\cosh(ix)&={\\frac {1}{2}}\\left(e^{ix}+e^{-ix}\\right)=\\cos x\\\\\\sinh(ix)&={\\frac {1}{2}}\\left(e^{ix}-e^{-ix}\\right)=i\\sin x\\\\\\cosh(x+iy)&=\\cosh(x)\\cos(y)+i\\sinh(x)\\sin(y)\\\\\\sinh(x+iy)&=\\sinh(x)\\cos(y)+i\\cosh(x)\\sin(y)\\\\\\tanh(ix)&=i\\tan x\\\\\\cosh x&=\\cos(ix)\\\\\\sinh x&=-i\\sin(ix)\\\\\\tanh x&=-i\\tan(ix)\\end{aligned}}}Só͘-í, siang-khiok hâm-sò͘ tùi in ê hi-pō͘ lâi kóng, sī chiu-kî hâm-sò͘, chiu-kî sī {\\displaystyle 2\\pi i} (iah-m̄-koh siang-khiok tangent kap cotangent ê chiu-kî sī {\\displaystyle \\pi i}).\n\nHo̍k-pêⁿ-bīn téng ê Siang-khiok hâm-sò͘| | | | | | |\n| {\\displaystyle \\sinh(z)} | {\\displaystyle \\cosh(z)} | {\\displaystyle \\tanh(z)} | {\\displaystyle \\coth(z)} | {\\displaystyle \\operatorname {sech} (z)} | {\\displaystyle \\operatorname {csch} (z)} |\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Weisstein, Eric W. \"Hyperbolic Functions\". *mathworld.wolfram.com* (ēng Eng-gí). 2020-08-29 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ (1999) *Collins Concise Dictionary*, 4th edition, HarperCollins, Glasgow, ISBN 0 00 472257 4, p. 1386\n3. ↑ *Collins Concise Dictionary*, p. 328\n4. ↑ \"Hyperbolic Functions\". *www.mathsisfun.com*. 2020-08-29 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ *Collins Concise Dictionary*, p. 1520\n6. ↑\n7. ↑ *Collins Concise Dictionary*, p. 1340\n8. ↑ *Collins Concise Dictionary*, p. 329\n9. ↑ tanh\n10. ↑\n11. ↑\n12. ↑\n13. ↑\n14. ↑ Martin, George E. (1986). *The foundations of geometry and the non-euclidean plane* (1st corr. pán.). New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 416. ISBN 3-540-90694-0.\n15. ↑ \"Prove the identity tanh(x/2) = (cosh(x) - 1)/sinh(x)\". *StackExchange (mathematics)*. 24 January 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.\n16. ↑ Audibert, Jean-Yves (2009). \"Fast learning rates in statistical inference through aggregation\". The Annals of Statistics. p. 1627.","meta":{"title":"Siang-khiok hâm-sò͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2786,13939,0.19987086591577588],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":25375}} -{"text":"**Sóa-ūi kán-hòa kái-phoà-khì** (shift-reduce parser) iōng-tio̍h khǹg gú-hoat hû-hō ê kái-phòa tui-tia̍p (stack), kái-phòa-khì tih ūn-chok ê sî, su-ji̍p ê hû-hō sóa khì tui-tia̍p. Nā-sī tui-tia̍p téng-thâu ê hû-hō tùi-èng tio̍h kî-tiong chi̍t-tiâu gú-hoat kui-chek ê chiàⁿ-chhiú-pêng (RHS), jî-chhiáⁿ tī bo̍k-chôan ê gú-kèng (context) tō èng-kai iōng chit tiâu kui-chek, an-nē kái-phòa-khì ē kā kui-chek ê chiàⁿ-chhiú-pêng kán-hòa chòe kui-chek ê tò-chhiú-pêng (LHS).\n\nSóa-ūi kán-hòa ê kè-thêng ē kè-sio̍k, it-ti̍t kàu kái-phòa-khì thêng--lo̍h-lâi, kā lán kóng sêng-kong iah-sī sit-pāi. Ká-sú su-ji̍p sī ha̍p-hoat--ê, jî-chhiáⁿ kái-phòa-khì chiap-siū chit-ê su-ji̍p, kái-phòa-khì ē thêng tī sêng-kong e chōng-thài. Nā-sī hoat-hiān-tio̍h chhò-ngō͘, tō thêng tī sit-pāi ê chōng-thài.\n\nKái-phòa-khì kan-na sī chi̍t-ê tui-tia̍p chū-tōng-ki (automaton), chit-ê chū-tōng-ki khó-lêng ū kúi-lō-ê bô kâng ê chōng-thài, chōng-thài it-poaⁿ lóng iōng chi̍t-ê chéng-sò͘ lâi piáu-sī. Si̍t-chè siōng, kái-phòa-khì tui-tia̍p lāi-tóe pau-hâm chōng-thài, m̄-sī pau-hâm gú-hoat kui-chek. M̄-koh, kì-jiân múi chi̍t-ê chōng-thài tùi-èng chi̍t-ê gú-hoat kui-chek. chōng-thài tui-tia̍p ē-tàng tùi-èng chi̍t-ê gú-hoat kui-chek, chōng-thài ē-tàng tùi-èng tio̍h gú-hoat hû-hō tui-tia̍p.\n\nKái-phòa-khì ê ūn-chok sī ē-bīn chit n-ê pió, pau-koah tōng-chok-pió (action table) kah thiàu-khì-pió (goto table).","meta":{"title":"Sóa-ūi kán-hòa kái-phòa-khì","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1417,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1601}} -{"text":"**1947 nî Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kok-bîn Tāi-hōe Tāi-piáu soán-kí** sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok ê kok-hōe gī-oân soán-kí, kok-séng hun-pia̍t tī 1947 nî 11 goe̍h 21 hō kàu 23 hō kí-hêng. Hit pái soán-kí goân-tēng hām tē-it kài li̍p-hoat úi-oân soán-kí kāng sî-kan tī 10 goe̍h chìn-hêng, m̄-koh Kok-Kiōng Lāi-chiàn tì-sú thih-lō͘ phò-hoāi, kau-thong put-piān, chō-sêng soán-kí iân-tî, chòe-āu kok-bîn tāi-hōe tāi-piáu phó͘-soán thê-chá tī li̍p-hoat úi-oân phó͘-soán thâu-chêng tī 11 goe̍h kí-hêng. Chit pái ti̍t-soán hām li̍p-hoat úi-oân ti̍t-soán hō͘ Tiong-kok thâu chi̍t pái chhut-hiān liáu 4.61 ek jîn-bîn ti̍t-chiap siū-khoân sán-seng ê tāi-gī ki-koan, hō͘ Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chiâⁿ-chò hit-tang-chūn sè-kài siōng siāng tōa ê bîn-chú kok-ka.\n\nIn-ūi Kok-Kiōng Lāi-chiàn téng in-sò͘, chit pái kok-tāi tāi-piáu kap li̍p-hoat úi-oân soán-kí mā sī hit-tang-sî chèng-khoân iu-goân thóng-tī choân Tiong-kok choa̍t tōa pō͘-hūn léng-thó͘ ê Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú ûi-it chi̍t pái ê kok-hōe ti̍t-soán.","meta":{"title":"1947 nî Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kok-bîn Tāi-hōe Tāi-piáu soán-kí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,981,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1125}} -{"text":"**Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ su-iàu hoan-e̍k.** \nLô-hoân khì Su-iàu hoan-e̍k ê bûn-chiuⁿ khoàⁿ **Sò͘-ha̍k** ê thó-lūn. Ká-sú che tī ? lé-pái lāi bô oân-choân hoan chò Hō-ló-oē, i hoān-sè ē hō͘ lâng thâi tiāu.\n\nMandelbrot chi̍p-ha̍p, ēng tōng-thài hē-thóng oē ê 1 khoán chhùi-hêng kí-hô tô͘-hêng\n**Sò͘-ha̍k** （數學）tiāⁿ hông khoàⁿ-chò sī leh gián-kiù sò͘-liōng, kiat-kò͘, khong-kan kap piàn-tōng ê ha̍k-būn. Ū koá sò͘-ha̍k-ka kā sò͘-ha̍k tòng-chò sī kong-siat kap teng-gī thaù-koè chhui-lūn tit--tio̍h ê tì-sek.\n\nTa̍k ê siā-hoē leh chhek-liông thó͘-tē, chhú-lí koè-kè, ī-chhek thian-bûn sū-kiāⁿ, ... ê sî chha-put-to lóng ē-tit khoàⁿ tio̍h èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k ê iáⁿ. Sò͘-ha̍k thong-siông sī leh chhiau-chhoē bô͘-sek, bô tiāⁿ-tio̍h ài kap èng-iōng ū tī-tāi. M̄-koh Eugene Wigner bat kóng koè \"sò͘-ha̍k siuⁿ koè-thaû-á ū-haū\", siōng 'sûn' ê sò͘-ha̍k tiāⁿ chhoē tio̍h siōng si̍t-chè ê èng-iōng. Hiān-chhú-sî ê chū-jiân kho-ha̍k, kang-têng, keng-chè, i-ha̍k lóng tio̍h khoàⁿ sò͘-ha̍k ū sin hoat-tián--bô.\n\nHi-lia̍p-gí ê μάθημα (*máthema*) piáu-sī \"kho-ha̍k, tì-sek, ha̍k-si̍p\", μαθηματικός (*mathematikós*) piáu-sī \"kah-ì o̍h mi̍h-kiāⁿ\". Eng-gí kā sò͘-ha̍k siá chò *mathematics*, kán-siá chò *maths* (Liân-pang Eng-gí), *math* (Bí-kok Eng-gí).\n\nSò͘-ha̍k ê le̍k-sú\n------------------\n\nSò͘-ha̍k ê ián-piàn ē-tit khoàⁿ chò kóng thiu-siōng ê chú-tê iah sī thêng-tō͘ ti̍t-ti̍t leh cheng-ka. Siōng chá ê thiu-siōng hoān-sè sī sò͘-ba̍k. Liáu-kái kóng 2 lia̍p phōng-kó kap 2 lia̍p kam-á ká-ná ū siáⁿ-mih sio-kâng ê só͘-chāi, sò͘-ha̍k tō khai-sí hoat-tián--a.\n\nSú-chêng ê jîn-lūi ē-hiáu sǹg *kū-thé* ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ, mā chai-iáⁿ beh án-choáⁿ sǹg *thiu-siōng* ê sò͘-liōng, chhiūⁿ kóng sî-kan (kang, kùi, nî, ...). Ē-hiáu sǹg, koh lâi tō sī sǹg-siàu (chhiūⁿ ke, kiám, sêng, tû).\n\nM̄-koh beh sǹg tio̍h-ài ē-tàng siá kap 1 thò sò͘-jī hē-thóng. Sú-chêng ê jîn-lūi hoān-sè sī tī thô͘-kha oē sûn iah sī tī chhâ-thaû khek sûn lâi piáu-sī sò͘-liōng. Inca Tè-kok bô su-siá hē-thóng, in lī-iōng soh-á phah-kat ê hong-hoat lâi sǹg-siàu, hō-chò khipu.\n\nSò͘-ha̍k ê hoat-tián kap chhek-liông thó͘-tē, chhú-lí koè-kè, ī-chhek thian-bûn sū-kiāⁿ ū chin bi̍t-chhiat ê koan-hē. In-ūi ū su-iàu, sò͘-ha̍k lāi-té chhú-lí *khong-kan*, *kiat-kò͘*, *piàn-tōng* ê gián-kiù tō toè leh hoat-tián. Khah lō͘-boé, beh kái-koat sio kap kng ê bûn-tê, sò͘-ha̍k bu̍t-lí-ha̍k mā khai-sí hoat-tián.\n\nTû-khì éng-koè chiah-ê gián-kiù ê chú-tê, sò͘-ha̍k kaù taⁿ mā iû-goân it-ti̍t leh chhòng-sin.\n\nSûn sò͘-ha̍k kap èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k\n----------------------------------\n\nŪ oh kái-koat ê būn-tê tō su-iàu sò͘-ha̍k. Éng-koè chhiūⁿ siong-gia̍p, thó͘-tē chhek-liông, thian-bûn-ha̍k; hiān-chhú-sî toā-pō͘-hūn ùi chū-jiân kho-ha̍k tit tio̍h lêng-kám, chiâⁿ chē sò͘-ha̍k-ka mā sī bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka. Chhiūⁿ í-chá Newton hoat-tián bî-chek-hun, Richard Feynman hoat-tián Feynman kèng-chek-hun, chit-má thaù-koè chhui-lí kap tùi bu̍t-lí ê chhim-ji̍p liáu-kái, tō hoat-tián chhut hiân-lūn (*string theory*). \n\nŪ būn-tê beh kái-koat, gián-kiù siong-koan ê sò͘-ha̍k liáu-aū, tō ē-tit it-ti̍t èng-iōng chiah-ê sò͘-ha̍k. Kā ū kiōng-tông ki-chhó͘ ê sò͘-ha̍k khioh chò-hoé, chi̍t-koá koan-liām ē-tit tha̍h chò-hoé. 19 sè-kí ê sî, tō án-ne kā sò͘-ha̍k hun-chò èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k kap sûn sò͘-ha̍k. \n\nSò͘-ha̍k hō͘ lâng kám-kak iu-ngá, hoān-sè i ê pún-chit tō sī bí-ha̍k, hoān-sè i pun-sin ū 1 chióng bí-kám, m̄-koh che lóng chin oh bêng-khak piáu-ta̍t. Kán-tan-sèng kap phó͘-phiàn-sèng sī sò͘-ha̍k 2 ê chin tiong-iàu ê te̍k-sek. Chiah-ê khoàⁿ--khí-lâi taù bē chò-hoé ê sèng-chit ū-tang-sî-á ē-tàng kiat-ha̍p, chhiūⁿ kóng kā chi̍t-koá bô kāng hun-ki ê sò͘-ha̍k it-thé-hoà, iah sī hoat-tián ē-sái kiōng-tông kè-sǹg ê ke-si. Sûn sò͘-ha̍k chho͘-chho͘ khoàⁿ ká-ná kan-taⁿ i ê bí-kám ū koá kè-ta̍t, kan-taⁿ sò͘-ha̍k-ka ū chhù-bī. M̄-koh gián-kiù chi̍t-ē chìn-tián liáu-aū, sûn sò͘-ha̍k tiāⁿ ē pìⁿ-chiâⁿ èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k.\n\nSò͘-ha̍k hû-hō\n--------------\n\nSò͘-ha̍k ê bûn-chiuⁿ bô kài hó tha̍k. Stephen Hawking 1988 chhut ê *Sî-kan kán-sú* (*A Brief History of Time*) lāi-té kan-taⁿ ū 1 tiâu sò͘-ha̍k kong-sek, in-ūi chhut-pán-siong kóng múi 1 tiâu kong-sek tō ē kā siau-lō͘ kàng chi̍t-poàⁿ.\n\nSò͘-ha̍k-ka chin giâm-keh iau-kiû ài kā siuⁿ beh piáu-ta̍t--ê siá chheng-chhó, chóng--sī sò͘-ha̍k iáu-sī ká-ná hoat-lu̍t tiâu-bûn hiah pháiⁿ tha̍k. Sò͘-ha̍k-ka khok-chhiong chū-jiân gí-giân, ēng tēng kah chin bêng-khak ê sò͘-ha̍k bêng-sû, sò͘-ha̍k hû-hō kap bûn-hoat (gí-hoat) lâi ta̍t kaù giâm-keh ê bo̍k-phiau. Ū chi̍t-koá bêng-sû chioh ēng phó͘-thong ê bêng-sû, m̄-koh ì-sù bô tī-tāi, chhiūⁿ khoân (*ring*), kûn (*group*), lūi (*category*); ū-ê bêng-sû sī sò͘-ha̍k choan-iōng--ê, chhiūⁿ homotopy, Hilbert khong-kan. Thiaⁿ kóng Henri Poincaré hông soán ji̍p-khì Hoat-kok Gián-kiù-īⁿ (*Académie Française*) tō sī beh chhiáⁿ i lâi tēng-gī *automorphe*.\n\nSò͘-ha̍k kap kho-ha̍k\n---------------------\n\nCarl Friedrich Gauss kóng sò͘-ha̍k sī kho-ha̍k ê lú-ông. Sò͘-ha̍k bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka Leon M. Lederman khau-sé kóng bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka kan-taⁿ sūn-thàn sò͘-ha̍k-ka, sò͘-ha̍k-ka kan-taⁿ sūn-thàn Siōng-tè, sui-bóng chiah-nī kò͘-khiam ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka chin oh chhoē.\n\nSò͘-ha̍k gián-kiù ê hoān-ûi\n---------------------------\n\nChá-kî ê sò͘-ha̍k ūi tio̍h siong-gia̍p, chhek-liông, ī-chhek thian-bûn hiān-siōng, hoat-tián kiat-kò͘, khong-kan, piàn-tōng ê gián-kiù, chhiūⁿ tāi-sò͘ (*algebra*), kí-hô-ha̍k (*geometry*), hun-sek (*analysis*). Aū--lâi, tau̍h-tau̍h koh hoat-tián kaù lô-chek, khah kán-tan ê ki-chhó͘ hē-thóng (*foundations*), kap khah si̍t-iōng ê èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k (*applied mathematics*).\n\nSò͘-ha̍k chú-iàu ê gián-kiù\n---------------------------\n\nChia lia̍t--ê sī khah chú-iàu ê gián-kiù tê-ba̍k. Khah oân-chéng ê gián-kiù chú-tê chhiáⁿ chham-khó sò͘-ha̍k chú-tê lia̍t-toaⁿ.\n\n### Sò͘-liōng (*Quantity*)\n\nLeh chhú-lí sò͘-ba̍k, chi̍p-ha̍p, toā-sè (*size*) chit lūi ê būn-tê, kap chaú-chhoē chhú-lí ê hong-hoat.\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| {\\displaystyle 1,2,\\ldots } | {\\displaystyle 0,1,-1,\\ldots } | {\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{2}},{\\frac {2}{3}},0.125,\\ldots } | {\\displaystyle \\pi ,e,{\\sqrt {2}},\\ldots } | {\\displaystyle i,3i+2,e^{i\\pi /3},\\ldots } |\n| Chū-jiân-sò͘ | Chéng-sò͘ | pí-sò͘ | Si̍t-sò͘ | Ho̍k-cha̍p-sò͘ ) |\n\nSò͘-ba̍k – Chū-jiân-sò͘ – Chéng-sò͘ – pí-sò͘ – Si̍t-sò͘ – Ho̍k-cha̍p-sò͘ – Hypercomplex numbers – Quaternions – Octonions – Sedenions – Hyperreal numbers – Surreal numbers – Ordinal numbers – Cardinal numbers – *p*-adic numbers – Integer sequences – Sò͘-ha̍k tiāⁿ-sò͘ – Number names – Bû-hān – ki-té (Base)]]\n### Piàn-tōng (*Change*)\n\nLeh chhú-lí sò͘-ba̍k kap hâm-sò͘ ê piàn-hoà.\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| {\\displaystyle 36\\div 9=4} | | | {\\displaystyle \\int 1\\_{S}\\,d\\mu =\\mu (S)} |\n| Sǹg-siàu (*Arithmetic*) | Bî-chek-hun | Hiòng-liōng bî-chek-hun | Hun-sek (*Analysis*) |\n| {\\displaystyle {\\frac {d^{2}}{dx^{2}}}y={\\frac {d}{dx}}y+c} | | |\n| Bî-hun hong-têng (*Differential equations*) | Tōng-thài hē-thóng (*Dynamical systems*) | Hūn-tūn lí-lūn (*Chaos theory*) |\n\nSǹg-siàu (*Arithmetic*) – Bî-chek-hun – Hiòng-liōng bî-chek-hun – Hun-sek (*Analysis*) – Bî-hun hong-têng (*Differential equations*) – Tōng-thài hē-thóng (*Dynamical systems*) – Hūn-tūn lí-lūn (*Chaos theory*) – Hâm-sò͘ lia̍t-toaⁿ\n### Kiat-kò͘ (*Structure*)\n\nLeh chhú-lí toā-sè (*size*), tùi-thīn (*symmetry*) kap chi̍t-koá sò͘-ha̍k kiat-kò͘ (*mathematical structure*) ê būn-tê.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| | | |\n| Thiu-siōng tāi-sò͘ | Sò͘-lūn | Kûn-lūn (*Group theory*) |\n| | | |\n| Topology | Category theory | Order theory |\n\nThiu-siōng tāi-sò͘ – Sò͘-lūn – Tāi-sò͘ kí-hô-ha̍k – Kûn-lūn (*Group theory*) – Monoids – Hun-sek (*Analysis*) – Topology – Soàⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘ (*Linear algebra*) – Tô͘-lūn (*Graph theory*) – Universal tāi-sò͘ (*Universal algebra*) – Category theory – Order theory – Measure theory\n### Khong-kan koan-hē (*Spatial relations*)\n\nĒ-tàng khoàⁿ ê sò͘-ha̍k.\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | | | | |\n| Topology | Kí-hô-ha̍k | Saⁿ-kak-hoat | Bî-hun kí-hô-ha̍k | Chhùi-hêng kí-hô-ha̍k (*Fractal geometry*) |\n\nTopology – Kí-hô-ha̍k – Saⁿ-kak-hoat – Tāi-sò͘ kí-hô-ha̍k – Bî-hun kí-hô-ha̍k – Bî-hun topology (*Differential topology*) – Tāi-sò͘ topology (*Algebraic topology*) – Soàⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘ – Chhùi-hêng kí-hô-ha̍k (*Fractal geometry*)\n### lî-sàn sò͘-ha̍k (*Discrete mathematics*)\n\nLeh chhú-lí kan-taⁿ ē-tàng 1 ê 1 ê sǹg ê mi̍h-á.\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| {\\displaystyle [1,2,3][1,3,2]}{\\displaystyle [2,1,3][2,3,1]}{\\displaystyle [3,1,2][3,2,1]} | | | | |\n| Combinatorics | Native chi̍p-ha̍p-lūn (*Naive set theory*) | Kè-sǹg lí-lūn (*Theory of computation*) | Bi̍t-bé-ha̍k (*Cryptography*) | Tô͘-lūn (*Graph theory*) |\n\nCombinatorics – Native chi̍p-ha̍p-lūn (*Naive set theory*) – Kè-sǹg lí-lūn (*Theory of computation*) – Bi̍t-bé-ha̍k (*Cryptography*) – Tô͘-lūn (*Graph theory*)\n### Èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k (*Applied mathematics*)\n\nLeh kái-koat hiān-si̍t būn-tê ê sò͘-ha̍k.\n\nSò͘-ha̍k bu̍t-lí-ha̍k (*Mathematical physics*) – Mechanics – Fluid mechanics – Numerical analysis – Optimization – Ki-lu̍t – Thóng-kè-ha̍k – Financial mathematics – Game theory – Mathematical biology – Bi̍t-bé-ha̍k (*Cryptography*) – Chu-sìn lí-lūn (*Information theory*)\n### Tēng-lí (*Theorems*)\n\nChe lia̍t chi̍t-koá m̄-sī sò͘-ha̍k-ka mā ē kám-kak sim-sek ê tēng-lí. Oân-chéng ê chu-liāu chhiáⁿ chham-khó Tēng-lí lia̍t-toaⁿ.\n\nTi̍t-kak tēng-lí (*Pythagorean theorem*) – Fermat choè-aū tēng-lí (*Fermat's last theorem*) – Gödel's incompleteness theorems – Cantor's diagonal argument – 4 sek tēng-lí (*Four color theorem*) – Zorn's lemma – Euler's identity – Church-Turing thesis– Riemann hypothesis – Continuum hypothesis – Central limit theorem – Sǹg-siàu ki-pún tēng-lí (*Fundamental theorem of arithmetic*) – Tāi-sò͘ ki-pún tēng-lí (*Fundamental theorem of algebra*) – Bî-chek-hun ki-pún tēng-lí (*Fundamental theorem of calculus*) – Fundamental theorem of projective geometry – Gauss-Bonnet theorem.\n### Chhai-chhek (*Conjectures*)\n\nChe lia̍t chi̍t-koá tng-leh gián-kiù ê būn-tê. Oân-chéng ê chu-liāu chhiáⁿ chham-khó Chhai-chhek lia̍t-toaⁿ.\n\nGoldbach Chhai-chhek – Twin prime conjecture – Collatz conjecture – Poincaré conjecture – classification theorems of surfaces – P=NP\nLēng-goā, ū-ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka jīn-ûi continuum hypothesis kap ZFC bô tī-tāi, bián chhap i; ū-ê khah chek-ke̍k leh gián-kiù.\n\n### Ki-chân kap hong-hoat (*Foundations and methods*)\n\nLeh su-khó sò͘-ha̍k ê pún-chit kap sò͘-ha̍k beh án-choáⁿ gián-kiù.\n\nPhilosophy of mathematics – Mathematical intuitionism – Mathematical constructivism – Sò͘-ha̍k ê ki-chân (Foundations of mathematics) – Chi̍p-ha̍p-lūn – Hû-hō lô-chek (*Symbolic logic*) – Bô͘-hêng-lūn (Model theory) – Category theory – Lô-chek – Reverse Mathematics – Sò͘-ha̍k hû-hō-pió (*Table of mathematical symbols*)\n### Sò͘-ha̍k-sú kap sò͘-ha̍k-ka\n\nChhiáⁿ chham-khó sò͘-ha̍k-sú lia̍t-toaⁿ\n\nSò͘-ha̍k-sú – Sò͘-ha̍k nî-pió – Sò͘-ha̍k-ka – Fields Chióng – Abel Prize – Millennium Prize Problems (Clay Math Prize) – International Mathematical Union – Mathematics competitions – Lateral thinking – Mathematical abilities and gender issues\n### Sò͘-ha̍k ê hûn-iáⁿ\n\nSò͘-ha̍k kap kiàn-tio̍k – Sò͘-ha̍k kap kaù-io̍k – Sò͘-ha̍k kap im-ga̍k\n\nTùi sò͘-ha̍k ê gō͘-kái\n----------------------\n\nSò͘-ha̍k m̄ sī 1 ê sím-mih būn-tê lóng kái-koat tiāu ê hē-thóng, i lāi-té iáu chin chē ài gián-kiù ê būn-tê.\n\nKé-sò͘-ha̍k khoàⁿ--khí-lâi chhin-chhiūⁿ sò͘-ha̍k, i bô tī ha̍k-su̍t-kài chiap-siū kàm-tok, ū-sî-á koh si sò͘-ha̍k-ka pìⁿ--ê. I thong-siông sī leh thó-lūn khah ū-miâ ê būn-tê, m̄-koh i koh m̄ sī ēng lâng chèng-bêng koè ê lí-lūn chò ki-chân lâi chèng-bêng. Ké-sò͘-ha̍k kap sò͘-ha̍k tō ká-ná ké-kho-ha̍k kap kho-ha̍k chhan-chhiūⁿ. Chit khoán tāi-chì ē lâi hoat-seng ê goân-in ū:\n\n* bô hù-ha̍p giâm-keh ê iau-kiû;\n* in-ūi bó͘ chi̍t-koá in-sò͘, bô chun-chiàu sò͘-ha̍k lūn-bûn ài seng keng-koè tông-liâu sím-cha, tī ha̍k-su̍t kî-khan hoat-piáu, ... chiah-ê têng-sū;\n* tùi bûn-hiàn bô kài liáu-kái.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* Benson, Donald C. *The Moment of Proof: Mathematical Epiphanies*, Oxford University Press, USA; New Ed edition (December 14, 2000). ISBN 0-19-513919-4.\n* Boyer, Carl B. *A History of Mathematics*, Wiley; 2 edition (March 6, 1991). ISBN 0-471-54397-7. — A concise history of mathematics from the Concept of Number to contemporary Mathematics.\n* Courant, R. and H. Robbins, *What Is Mathematics? : An Elementary Approach to Ideas and Methods*, Oxford University Press, USA; 2 edition (July 18, 1996). ISBN 0-19-510519-2.\n* Davis, Philip J. and Hersh, Reuben, *The Mathematical Experience*. Mariner Books; Reprint edition (January 14, 1999). ISBN 0-395-92968-7.— A gentle introduction to the world of mathematics.\n* Eves, Howard, *An Introduction to the History of Mathematics*, Sixth Edition, Saunders, 1990, ISBN 0-03-029558-0.\n* Gullberg, Jan, *Mathematics—From the Birth of Numbers*. W. W. Norton & Company; 1st edition (October 1997). ISBN 0-393-04002-X. — An encyclopedic overview of mathematics presented in clear, simple language.\n\nexpanded version of a Soviet mathematics encyclopedia, in ten (expensive) volumes, the most complete and authoritative work available. Also in paperback and on CD-ROM, and online .\n\n* Jourdain, Philip E. B. *The Nature of Mathematics*, in *The World of Mathematics*, James R. Newman, editor, Dover, 2003, ISBN 0-486-43268-8.\n* Kline, Morris, *Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times*, Oxford University Press, USA; Paperback edition (March 1, 1990). ISBN 0-19-506135-7.\n* Monastyrsky, Michael (2001). \"Some Trends in Modern Mathematics and the Fields Medal\" (PDF). Canadian Mathematical Society. 2006-07-28 khòaⁿ--ê.\n* *The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology*, 1983 reprint. ISBN 0-19-861112-9.\n* Pappas, Theoni, *The Joy Of Mathematics*, Wide World Publishing; Revised edition (June 1989). ISBN 0-933174-65-9.\n* Peterson, Ivars, *Mathematical Tourist, New and Updated Snapshots of Modern Mathematics*, Owl Books, 2001, ISBN 0-8050-7159-8.\n* Pang-bô͘:Cite book en\n* Pang-bô͘:Cite journal en\n* Pang-bô͘:Cite journal en\n* Pang-bô͘:Cite book en\n* Ziman, J.M. F.R.S. (1968). \"Public Knowledge:An essay concerning the social dimension of science\". CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)\n\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nSò͘-ha̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| 主要分野 | \n数理論理学 **·** \nChi̍p-ha̍p-lūn **·** \n圏論 **·** \nTāi-sò͘（線型 – 抽象） **·** \nSò͘-lūn **·** \n解析学/Bî-chek-hun **·** \nKí-hô-ha̍k **·** \n位相幾何学 **·** \n力学系 **·** \n組合数学 **·** \n賽理論 **·** \n情報理論 **·** \n数値解析 **·** \n最適化問題 **·** \n計算理論 **·** \n確率論 **·** \nThóng-kè-ha̍k **·** \nSaⁿ-kak-hoat\n | |\n| |\n| 主題 | \n数学史 **·** \n和算 **·** \n数理哲学 **·** \n美 **·** \n未解決問題 **·** \n数学教育 **·** \n算数 **·** \n教科 **·** \nFields Chióng **·** \nAbel獎\n |\n| |\n| 總覧 | \n数学定数 **·** \n数 **·** \n関数 **·** \n図形 **·** \n数学記号 **·** \n数学者 **·** \n**Lūi-pia̍t:Sò͘-ha̍k** **·** \n入口 **·** \n（專案）\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Sò͘-ha̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[3499,13617,0.25695821399720936],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":16615}} -{"text":"\nĒ-ham chiàⁿ-pêng éng-kiú-khí, ùi koân-téng khoàⁿ--lo̍h-khì\n**Toā-āu-chan** sī chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t chhùi--nih ūi-tì siāng-āu-piah kap hêng-thāi siāng-ho̍k-cha̍p ê chhùi-khí. Tī chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t, i tiāⁿ pī ēng lâi géng-boâ chia̍h-mi̍h.\n\nJîn-lūi ê toā-āu-chan\n---------------------\n\nToā-lâng chóng-kiōng ū 12 khí toā-au-chan, hun-chò 4 cho͘, téng-chiáⁿ, téng-toh, ē-chiáⁿ, kap ē-toh, múi-chi̍t-cho͘ ū 3 khí, hun-pò͘ tī chhùi-khiuⁿ ê siāng-āu-piah. Múi-chi̍t-cho͘ pâi tē-saⁿ--ê (siāng-āu-piah) hit-ki koh hō-chò tì-hūi-khí. I siāng-bān hoat, beh oah 20 hoè hit-tang-chūn--á chiah tùi khí-hoāⁿ puh--chhut-lâi. Jîn-chéng bô-kâng, hoat-gê ê sî-kan ū cheng-chha. \n\nJîn-lūi ê toā-āu-chan ū ē-kha chit kúi-chióng:\n\n* téng-ham tē-it éng-kiú toā-āu-chan, téng-ham tē-jī éng-kiú toā-āu-chan, and téng-ham tē-saⁿ éng-kiú toā-āu-chan\n* ē-ham tē-it éng-kiú toā-āu-chan, ē-ham tē-jī éng-kiú toā-āu-chan, and ē-ham tē-saⁿ éng-kiú toā-āu-chan","meta":{"title":"Toā-āu-chan","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[229,927,0.24703344120819848],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1076}} -{"text":"\n Wikipedia bô hū-chek i-ha̍k loē-iông ê chèng-khak-sèng. Nā-sī su-iàu choan-gia̍p ê ì-kiàn, chhiáⁿ lí khì mn̄g choan-gia̍p ê jîn-sū.\nSSRI ê chok-iōng ki-chè tô·\n**Sóan-te̍k-sèng huih-chheng-sò͘ chài-liap-chhú ek-chè-chè**(選擇性血清素再攝取抑制劑, Eng. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, **SSRI**) mā kiò chō **Sóan-te̍k-sèng huih-chheng-sò͘ serotonin ek-chè-chè**, sī chi̍t chióng siông-ēng ê khòng ek-ut io̍h-bu̍t.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSSRI tī siōng sè-kì 80 nî-tāi khai-sí ēng tī i-tī ek-ut-chèng, chiau-lī-chèng, kiông-pek-chèng kah sîn-keng sèng iām-si̍t-chèng.\n\nHù-chok-iōng\n------------\n\nKoan-liân sū-kiāⁿ\n-----------------\n\n1999 nî tī Bí-kok hoat-seng ê Columbine hāu-hn̂g chhèng-kek sū-kiāⁿ ê nn̄g ūi siú-bô͘ , kî-it keng-iû hiat-e̍k kiám-cha hō· khak-jīm ho̍k-iōng--ah tāi-liōng ê Fluvoxamine.\n\nSiông-kiàn ê SSRI\n-----------------\n\nThâu-chêng 5 chióng ū ''5 lúi kim hoa'' ê chheng-ho͘.\n\n* **Fluoxetine** (氟西汀)\n* **Paroxetine** (帕羅西汀)\n* **Sertraline** (舍曲林)\n* **Fluvoxamine** (氟伏沙明)\n* **Citalopram** (西酞普蘭)\n* **Escitalopram** (艾司西酞普蘭)\n\n| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) |\n| --- |\n| \nCitalopram | \nDapoxetine | \nEscitalopram | \nFluoxetine | \nFluvoxamine |\n| |\n| \nIndalpine | \nParoxetine | \nSertraline | \nZimelidine | |","meta":{"title":"Sóan-te̍k-sèng huih-chheng-sò͘ chài-liap-chhú ek-chè-chè","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[258,1080,0.2388888888888889],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1380}} -{"text":"Chit-ê captcha thiau-kò·-ì hō· \"smwm\" 4-jī pháiⁿ tha̍k.\n**Captcha** sī tiān-náu kho-ha̍k 1 khoán thiau-chiàn/hoán-èng chhì-giām (*challenge-response test*), iōng lâi khu-hun jîn-lūi/hui-jîn-lūi ê hêng-ûi. Chit sû kin-té kui-kù sī \"completely automated public Turing test to tell computers and humans apart\"; lia̍h thâu-chêng jī tàu--khí-lâi pìⁿ *captcha*. Bí-kok Carnegie Mellon Tāi-ha̍k ê Luis von Ahn, Manuel Blum, kap Nicholas J. Hopper 3 lâng, í-ki̍p IBM ê John Langford, tī 2000 nî hoat-bêng chit sû. 1-khoán phó·-phiàn ê captcha iau-kiû iōng-chiá su-ji̍p gîn-bō· bīn-téng chhut-hiān ê 1 choā jī-bó a̍h-sī sò·-jī. Hiah-ê jī it-poaⁿ ū keng-kòe piàn-hêng he̍k-chiá sī te̍k-sû hāu-kó ê chhú-lí, ū sî-chūn jī ê pōe-kéng oân-ná ē te̍k-pia̍t chhú-lí. Captcha ū sî-chūn hông hêng-iông sī 1 khoán tò-péng ê Turing chhì-giām (*reverse Turing test*), in-ūi bô chhiūⁿ Turing chhì-giām sī lâng teh chú-koat--ê.\n\nLō·-iōng\n--------\n\nCaptcha chhiâng-chāi iōng lâi ī-hông bot lī-iōng bāng-lō· tiān-náu ho̍k-bū. Che pau-koah ī-hông bot chham-ka bāng-lō· tâu-phiò, chù-chheh bián-chîⁿ ê email kháu-chō, tah kóng-kò tiàm blog bīn-téng.\n\nChih-chiap chu-goân ê būn-tê\n----------------------------\n\nIau-kiû kái-tha̍k bûn-jī/ang-á ê captcha tùi sī-le̍k bô chèng-siông ê lâng (khó-pí kóng chheⁿ-mê lâng) sī 1-ê thiau-chiàn, ū khó-lêng chō-chiâⁿ in bô hoat-tō· hām tiong-iàu ê chu-goân chih-chiap. Koh, in-ūi kái-tha̍k captcha ang-á ê tiān-náu nńg-thé ná lâi ná khiáu, sin siat-kè ê captcha tòe teh jú lâi jú ho̍k-cha̍p. In-ūi captcha thiau-kang siat-kè hō· ke-khì bē-tàng kái-tha̍k, hit-kóa pāng-chān bông-jîn ê ke-si kāng-khoán sit-khì in ê lō·-iōng. Tī chi̍t-kóa-á só·-chāi, chit khoán captcha ū khó-lêng ē hoān tio̍h chāi-tē kìm-chí khî-sī chân-chiòng-chiá ê hoat-lu̍t. Chió-sò· ê bāng-chām lēng-gōa ū thê-kiong chhek thiaⁿ siaⁿ-im ê captcha hō· lâng sú-iōng.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* The Captcha Project (Eng-bûn)\n* Inaccessibility of Visually-Oriented Anti-Robot Tests: Problems and Alternatives, W3C koan-hē chih-chiap būn-tê ê hun-sek kap kiàn-gī (Eng-bûn).","meta":{"title":"Captcha","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[160,1958,0.08171603677221655],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2322}} -{"text":"\n\n*Majulah Singapura* ê ga̍k-phó͘\n***Majulah Singapura*** (*Chiân-chìn--pa, Sin-ka-pho!*) sī Sin-ka-pho ê kok-koa.\n\nChit-siú koa tī 1958 nî iû Zubir Said thè Sin-ka-pho Gī-hōe ê chèng-sek chi̍p-hōe chok-khek. Tī 1959 nî Sin-ka-pho chiâⁿ-chò chū-tī-pang ê sî he̍k-soán chò Sin-ka-pho Chū-tī-pang Pang-koa. Lo̍h-bóe tī 1965 nî he̍k-tit oân-choân to̍k-li̍p ê sî, chèng-sek chiâⁿ-chò Sin-ka-pho ê kok-koa.\n\nKin-kì hoat-lu̍t ê kui-tēng, Sin-ka-pho ê jîn-bîn kan-nā ē-sái iōng kok-koa ê Má-lâi-bûn koa-sû lâi chhiùⁿ. Put-jî-kò, Sin-ka-pho kî-thaⁿ 3-chióng koaⁿ-hong gí-giân ê koaⁿ-hong hoan-e̍k mā tit-tio̍h tong-kio̍k ê jīn-khó; in hun-pia̍t sī Eng-bûn, Hôa-bûn kap Tamil-bûn.\n\nKoa-sû\n------\n\n### Má-lâi-bûn koa-sû\n\n### Hôa-bûn koa-sû\n\nLâi--pah Sin-ka-pho jîn-bîn (來吧 新加坡人民) \n\nJiōng ngó͘--bûn kiōng-tông hiòng hēng-hok māi-chìn (讓我們共同向幸福邁進) \n\nNgó͘--bûn chông-ko--tek lí-sióng (我們崇高的理想) \n\nIàu sú Sin-ka-pho sêng-kong (要使新加坡成功) \n\n \n\nLâi--pah jiōng ngó͘--bûn í sin tek cheng-sîn (來吧 讓我們以新的精神) \n\nThoân-kiat chāi it-khí (團結在一起) \n\nNgó͘--bûn chê-seng hoan-ho͘ (我們齊聲歡呼) \n\nChiân-chìn--pah Sin-ka-pho (前進吧 新加坡) \n\nChiân-chìn--pah Sin-ka-pho (前進吧 新加坡)","meta":{"title":"Majulah Singapura","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1100,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1302}} -{"text":"Sòng Kàu-jîn\n**Sòng Kàu-jîn** (宋教仁; 1882 nî 4 goe̍h 5 ji̍t – 1913 nî 3 goe̍h 22 ji̍t), piáu-jī **Tūn-chho͘** (鈍初), hō **Gû-hū** (漁父). Tī Tiong-kok Ô͘-lâm-séng Thô-goân-koān chhut-sì. I sī Tiong-kok kīn-tāi bîn-chú kek-bēng-ka, Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chho͘-kî tē-it ūi chhiòng-tō chek-jīm lōe-koh-chè ê chèng-tī-ka. Sòng Kàu-jîn bat tam-jīm kòe Hôa-heng-hōe kap Tông-bêng-hōe ê chú-iàu léng-tō, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok lîm-sî chèng-hú Tn̂g Siāu-gî lōe-koh ê Lông-lîm-pō͘ chóng-tiúⁿ, mā-sī Kok-bîn-tóng ê chú-iàu tiû-kiàn-jîn. I sī Ji̍t-pún Hoat-chèng Tāi-ha̍k kap Waseda Tāi-ha̍k ê liû-ha̍k-seng. 1913 nî 3 goe̍h 20 hō, sî-jīm Kok-bîn-tóng tāi-lí lí-sū-tiúⁿ ê Sòng Kàu-jîn tī Siōng-hái Hóe-chhia-chām cho-gū chhèng-kek, 2-kang āu bô-i sin-bông, kòe-sin ê sî-chūn chiah 31 hòe.\n\n| | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng chú-se̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n* Sòng Kàu-jîn\n* Sun Tiong-san\n* Tiuⁿ Jîn-kiat\n* Ô͘ Hàn-bîn\n* Ong Cheng-oē\n* Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k\n* Chiúⁿ Keng-kok\n* Lí Teng-hui\n* Liân Chiàn\n* Má Eng-kiú\n* *Ngô͘ Pek-hiông* (tāi-lí)\n* *Kang Péng-khun* (tāi-lí)\n* Ngô͘ Pek-hiông\n* Má Eng-kiú\n* *Ngô͘ Tun-gī* (tāi-lí)\n* Chu Li̍p-lûn\n* *N̂g Bín-hūi* (tāi-lí)\n* Âng Siù-thiāu\n* *Lîm Chèng-chek* (tāi-lí)\n* Ngô͘ Tun-gī\n* *Lîm Êng-tek* (tāi-lí)\n* Kang Khé-sîn\n* Chu Li̍p-lûn\n\n | Kok-bîn Tóng tóng-hui |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Sòng Kàu-jîn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[393,1149,0.34203655352480417],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1496}} -{"text":"**Chu-sán koán-lí** (Hàn-jī: 資產管理; Eng-gí: *asset management*), mā kiò **tâu-chu koán-lí** (Hàn-jī: 投資管理; Eng-gí: *investment management*), sī chi̍t hāng chiam-tùi chèng-koàn kap chu-sán ê kim-iông ho̍k-bū, í tâu-chu-chiá ê lī-sûn chhut-hoat pēng ta̍t tâu-chu bo̍k-piau. Tâu-chu-chiá ê hoān-ûi hui-siông khoah, ē-tàng sī ki-kò͘, chhin-chhiūⁿ pó-hiám kong-si, thè-hiu ki-kim, kong-si ia̍h-sī su-jîn tâu-chu-chiá.\n\nChu-sán koán-lí kong-si sī tâu-chu-chiá, i-ê he̍k-sim gia̍p-bū sī tâu-chu, he̍k-sim jîn-oân sī tâu-chu keng-lí. In ē hām kheh-hō͘ chhiam-tēng ha̍p-iok, kin-kì ha̍p-iok iok-tēng hong-sek, tiâu-kiāⁿ, iau-kiû kap hān-chè tùi kheh-hō͘ chu-sán keng-êng ūn-chok. Tâu-chu koán-lí pau-hâm tio̍h kúi-nā ê goân-sò͘, chhin-chhiūⁿ kim-iông hun-sek, chu-sán thai-soán, kè-ōe si̍t-hiān kap tn̂g-oán tâu-chu kàm-khòng. Tâu-chu koán-lí tī choân-kiû hâng-gia̍p tiong ū hui-siông tiōng-iàu ê chek-jīm khan-koán chiūⁿ ek ê chu-sán.","meta":{"title":"Chu-sán koán-lí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,913,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1045}} -{"text":"**La̍k-goe̍h Khòng-cheng** (六月抗爭) sī 1987 nî 6 goe̍h 10 hō chì 29 hō tī Hân-kok po̍k-hoat ê toā kui-bô͘ choân-kok hoān-ûi ê bîn-chú ūn-tōng. Tī 1960 nî ê Sì-goe̍h kek-bēng kap 1980 nî ê Kong-chiu bîn-chú-hoà ūn-tōng nn̄g pái lâu-hoeh khòng-cheng liáu-āu, chiūⁿ pah-bān Hân-kok bîn-chiòng tī 1987 nî 6 goe̍h tī choân-kok kok-tē sī-ui khòng-gī.\n\nSū-āu sî-jīm chóng-thóng Choân Tó͘-hoàn khim-tiám ê chiap-pan-jîn kiam chóng-thóng hāu-soán-jîn Lô͘ Thài-gû chāi kāng-nî 6 goe̍h 29 hō soan-pò͘ 6·29 Soan-giân, sek-hòng só͘-ū chèng-tī ī-kiàn jîn-sū, pēng kí-hêng kong-bîn tâu-phiò siu-kái hiàn-hoat, khoe-ho̍k chóng-thóng hām kok-hōe ê ti̍t-chiap soán-kí, khak-li̍p liáu iân-iōng kàu-taⁿ ê kong-bîn ti̍t-chiap soán-kí chóng-thóng-chè, ta̍k-ê chèng-tóng lóng ē-tàng thui-chiàn chi̍t ūi hāu-soán-jîn, bû-tóng-phài jîn-sū chí-iàu siū-tio̍h 5000 chì 7000 ūi soán-bîn ê thui-chiàn chiū ē-tàng chham-soán. 10 goe̍h 27 hō, Hân-kok Kok-hōe thong-kòe sin hiàn-hoat, kiàn-li̍p Tē-la̍k Kiōng-hô-kok. 12goe̍h 19 hō, Lô͘ Thài-gû chiâⁿ-chò Hân-kok chin-chiàⁿ ì-gī-siōng ê tē-it ūi bîn-soán hóng-thóng. La̍k-goe̍h Khòng-cheng pī khoàⁿ-chò sī Hân-kok bîn-chú hoat-tián ê tiōng-iàu lō͘-chām-pi.","meta":{"title":"La̍k-goe̍h Khòng-cheng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1180,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1348}} -{"text":"\n\n**Chong-kàu** sī in-ūi tùi sîn, Siōng-tè, chhiau-thoat ê chûn-chāi, sîn-sèng ê mi̍h téng-téng ê sìn-gióng, hō·-siōng kiat-ha̍p (hām chhiau-thoat ê tùi-siōng ê koan-hē), saⁿ-kap oa̍h-tōng (pí-lūn lé-pài téng-téng), sán-seng chè-tō· kap cho·-chit (biō-sī, kàu-hoē téng-téng), che kui-ê thāi-tō·, koan-hē, cho·-chit ê chóng-chheng.\n\nChong-kàu chit-ê sû, sī tùi Ji̍t-gí Hàn-jī-sû khip-siu--lâi-ê, nā goân-té ê Ji̍t-gí-sû, sī Ji̍t-pún tī bō·-hú boé-kî, hām Bí-kok chhiam thong-siong tiâu-iok ê sî-chūn, ūi-tio̍h si̍t-chè ê su-iàu, tùi Eng-gí *religion* só· chò ê hoan-e̍k.\n\nChong-kàu ê tēng-gī\n-------------------\n\nKhêng-si̍t nā beh kóng sím-mi̍h sī chong-kàu, lán ē hoat-kak-kóng sûi-lâng, chin chē ha̍k-chiá chi-kan ê khoàⁿ-hoat lóng koh-iūⁿ, ta̍k-ê lóng bô-ài kóng-liáu siuⁿ chīn-kak, m̄-koh mā bô-ài kóng-tio̍h bū-bū bô-bêng.\n\nŪ lâng sī ēng thé-sek, kàu-gī ê tēng-gī lâi khoàⁿ, mā ū lâng sī the̍h keng-giām, kám-chêng, ti̍t-kak, kè-ta̍t-koan kap lûn-lí ê sèng-chit lâi chò tēng-gī.\n\nKho-ha̍k-ka kap jîn-lūi-ha̍k-ka kā chong-kàu tòng-chò sī tī bûn-hoà loē-iông lāi-té hoat-tián--khí-lâi-ê, 1-cho· thiu-siōng ê koan-liām, kè-ta̍t kap keng-giām. Goân-chho· ê chong-kàu chin oh tùi siā-hoē kap bûn-hoà oa̍h-tōng lāi-té thiah-hun, tī hiah-ê oa̍h-tōng--ni̍h, hong-sio̍k kap tián-lé lóng hông khoàⁿ-chò sī si̍t-chè--ê, hām chū-jiân ê pún-chit sio-kâng--ê.\n\nNā kî-thaⁿ ê chong-kàu ha̍k-chiá in teh kā chong-kàu tēng-gī ê sî-chūn, ē khì phiah-bián kā chong-kàu tòng-chò sī siā-hoē kap sim-lí-siōng bô-kâng ê tiâu-kui, ia̍h-chiū-sī in khah bô-ài kā chong-kàu siūⁿ-chò sī siā-hoē kap sim-lí tiâu-kui ê chi̍t-pō·-hūn.\n\nLán ē-ēng-tit kā chong-kàu tēng-gī chò tùi sèng ê tùi-siōng, chhiau-thoat ê tùi-siōng ê sìn-gióng. Rudolf Otto tī 1917-nî chhut-pán ê chheh \"Sèng ê koan-liām\" (*The Idea of the Holy*) lāi-té, kā chong-kàu ì-sek ê pún-chit tēng-gī chò kèng-ùi, kèng-ùi sī tùi sîn (sèng--ê, Siōng-tè) ê kiaⁿ-hiâⁿ kap ài-loân ê thàu-lām. Nā Friedrich Schleiermacher tī 18-sè-kí boé-kî, sī kā chong-kàu tēng-gī chò 1-khoán \"choa̍t-tùi oá-khò ê kám-kak\"(*feeling of absolute dependence*).\n\nChú-iàu ê chong-kàu\n-------------------\n\nHiān-chhú-sî sè-kài chú-iàu ê chong-kàu, ū ki-tok-kàu (20-ek lâng, chiàm 33%), Islam (Islam-kàu, 13-ek lâng, chiàm 22%), Ìn-tō·-kàu (9-ek lâng, chiàm 15%), hu̍t-kàu (3-ek 6-chheng-bān lâng, chiàm 6%), Jû-kàu / Tō-kàu (2-ek 3-chheng-bān lâng, chiàm 4%).\n\nThâu-chêng chit-khoán lâng-gia̍h ê thóng-kè, bô-hoat-tō· kóng chò kah kài chiâu-chn̂g, in-ūi 1-ê lâng ê sìn-gióng, si̍t-chāi chin oh poé-hoē, koh chin pháiⁿ kā phoàⁿ-toàn.\n\nKoh tō chún kā chin chē kî-thaⁿ ê chong-kàu lia̍h-goā, toā chong-kàu lāi-té, pún-sin tō ū hun-chò chin chē kàu-phài, chiah-ê kāng chong-kàu bô-kâng kàu-phài chi-kan, ì-kiàn ū khó-lêng chin koh-iūⁿ, thiⁿ chha leh tē--ê tō ū, nā hō·-siōng bô sêng-jīn tùi-hong, mā-sī sù-siông ū ê tāi-chì.","meta":{"title":"Chong-kàu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2799,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3265}} -{"text":"**Ji̍t-pún náu-iām** (*Japanese encephalitis*) sī 1-chióng thàu-kòe báng-á thoân-jiám ê pēⁿ-to̍k-sèng chi̍t-pēⁿ. I-ê pēⁿ-goân sī N̂g-pēⁿ-to̍k-kho (黃病毒科; *Flaviviridae*) ê Ji̍t-pún náu-iām pēⁿ-to̍k (*Japanese encephalitis virus*). I-ê pēⁿ-mûi sī khoân-bûn ka-báng (環紋家蚊; *culex annulus*) kap saⁿ-pan ka-báng (三斑家蚊 *culex tritaeniorhynchus*). 1924 nî i tī Ji̍t-pún po̍k-hoat tōa-liû-hêng, 1938 nî Ji̍t-pún ha̍k-chiá hoat-hiān i sī thàu-kòe báng-á lâi thoân-jiám, 1956 nî hoat-tián chhut bô-oa̍h-sèng ê e̍k-biâu (*vaccine*). I sī jîn-thek kiōng-tông thoân-jiám-pēⁿ ê 1-chióng, ē thoân-jiám ti-á, bé-á, gû-chiah, iûⁿ-á, káu-á, ke-á, chiáu-á, bi̍t-pô, chôa, kap chúi-ke. \n\nJi̍t-pún náu-iām chú-iàu hoat-seng tī 10 hòe í-hā ê gín-á, m̄-koh 10 hòe í-siōng ê gín-á kap tōa-lâng mā-ē tio̍h--tio̍h. I-ê liû-hêng kùi-cheh í 5 go̍eh kàu 10 go̍eh ûi-chú, te̍k-pia̍t sī 6 go̍eh kàu 8 go̍eh, pēⁿ-lē ko-hong-kî kah lo̍h-hō· chham hong-thai mā-ū koan-hē. \n\nHun-pò· tô·, 1970–1998 (Bí-kok CDC)\nJi̍t-pún náu-iām tī A-chiu chiok-chē kok-ka iáu-sī chiâⁿ giâm-tiōng ê liû-hêng-pēⁿ, in-ūi si-hêng ū-hông chù-siā Tâi-oân, Ji̍t-pún, kap Lâm-hân ê pēⁿ-lē í-keng kiám-chió chiok-chē, m̄-koh lîn-kīn ê chiok-chē kok-ka pau-koah Tiong-kok, Hui-lu̍t-pin, Ìn-nî, Má-lâi-se-a, Ìn-tō·, Nepal téng kok iáu-ū chiok-chē Ji̍t-pún náu-iām ê hoān-chiá, mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ū liû-hêng ê hoat-seng.\n\nLîm-chhn̂g chèng-chōng\n----------------------\n\nKám-jiám Ji̍t-pún náu-iām āu, tāi-pō·-hūn ê lâng bô chèng-chōng, kheng-bî pēⁿ-lē thong-siông ē thâu-thiàⁿ, hoat-sio, he̍k-chiá bû-khún-sèng náu-mo̍·h-iām, náu-iām. Giâm-tiōng kám-jiám ê pēⁿ-lē ē thâu-thiàⁿ, hoat-koân-sio, áu-thò·, ì-sek bô·-hô·, thiu-chhoah, tiuh-kin, chêng-sû kek-tōng, hun-bê, téng-téng, ū-ê hoān-chiá ē-ū lô·-sîn-keng (顱神經) bôa-pì, ki-bah bô-la̍t, chìn-chùn (震顫), téng-téng sîn-keng-sèng āu-ûi-chèng.\n\nChín-toān\n---------\n\n* Náu-chiah-chhòe-sio̍h kiám-cha (腦脊髓液檢查)\n* Hemagglutination inhibition\n* Complement fixation\n* Neutralization\n* ELISA\n\nTī-liâu\n-------\n\nJi̍t-pún náu-iām bô te̍k-sû ê liâu-hoat, kan-taⁿ ē-tàng i-chiàu pēⁿ-chêng hō· hoān-chiá chi-chhî tiâu-hoat, ū-hông tiù-kin, chúi-chéng, thé-ūn siuⁿ-koân, khip-ji̍p-sèng hì-iām (吸入性肺炎), koh, î-chhî ho·-khip khì-thé kau-ōaⁿ (呼吸氣體交換), chúi-hun kap tiān-kái-chit (電解質) ê pêng-hêng, ham sim-hì tāi-sióng (心肺代償) chèng-siông.\n\n### Ho·-khip-tō chó·-sat\n\nThun-iàn kap ho·-khip kong-lêng sit-tiâu, hun-pì-bu̍t gâu chō-sêng ho·-khip-tō chó·-sat, khó-lêng su-iàu chhah-khǹg khì-koán lāi-koán (氣管內管) he̍k-chiá khì-koán chhiat-khui-su̍t. Ho·-khip tiong-su chhim-hoān chō-sêng ho·-khip ki-bo̍h bâ-pì ê sî, tio̍h su-iàu jîn-kang ho·-khip-khì. \n\n### Náu-chúi-chéng\n\nBô-kui-chek ê ho·-khip khó-lêng piáu-sī lô·-lāi-ap siuⁿ-koân, su-iàu kàng-kē lô·-lāi-ap, kái-siān náu-pō· hoeh-liû ap-le̍k, î-chhî chèng-siông hoeh-ap.\n\n### Khòng-chè tiuh-kin\n\nTī kip-sèng kî-kan, ē-sái lī-iōng 1-ko̍ah io̍h-bu̍t khòng-chè tiuh-kin.\n\n### It-poaⁿ chiàu-kò·\n\nEng-ióng kap chúi-hun ê pó·-chhiong. Phōng-kong nā siuⁿ-chiúⁿ, tio̍h ē-sái khó-lū khǹg tó-jiō-koán; chù-ì chúi-hun kám-ē siuⁿ-chē he̍k thoat-chúi; khǹg ūi-koán khah-hó ùi-si̍t. \n\n### Khòng-seng-sò· ê si-ú\n\nSek-tòng ê khòng-seng-sò· si-ú ē-tit ū-hông sè-khún kám-jiám.\n\n### Kî-thaⁿ\n\nPau-koah sim-lí tī-liâu, chit-gia̍p kap ho̍k-kiàn-sèng tī-liâu; chia̍p-kìⁿ ê āu-ûi-chèng pau-koah sîn-keng āu-ûi-chèng, chêng-sû kap kò-séng ê kái-piàn, ūn-tōng kap gí-giân chiòng-gāi téng-téng lóng su-iàu ho̍k-kiàn tī-liâu.\n\nŪ-hông\n------\n\n### E̍k-biâu chiap-chèng\n\nTī lâng ê ū-hông chhò·-si, siāng-tiōng-iàu--ê tio̍h-sī ū-hông chù-siā. Tī Tâi-oân, Ji̍t-pún náu-iām e̍k-biâu sī siông-kui ê ū-hông-chiap-chèng, móa 15 koh-goe̍h ê iù-jî tī ta̍k-nî ê 3--goe̍h khai-sí tē-1-pái ê chiap-chèng, keh 2-lé-pài chù tē-2-pái, keh-tang koh chù tē-3-pái, kok-sió 1-nî-á koh-chài tui-ka 1-pái, í-āu khòaⁿ liû-hêng ê chêng-hêng chò pì-iàu ê tui-ka chiap-chèng. Kok-tē-khu ōe-seng-só· kap kong-su-li̍p pēⁿ-iⁿ lóng ē-sái chiap-siū chiap-chèng.\n\n### Pēⁿ-mûi-báng hông-tī\n\nKa-kiông khoân-khéng khòng-chè, kiám-chió pēⁿ-mûi-báng, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ chheng-lí chúi-kau, phiah-bián sí-chúi chò-sêng báng-thâng chu-seng; ka-chng se-mn̂g kap se-thang, tī ti-tiâu hiân-kà lia̍h-báng-á-teng; hòa-ha̍k hông-tī-hoat, ia̍h-tio̍h-sī sat-thâng-chē ê sú-iōng. \n\n### Seng-bu̍t hông-tī-hoat\n\nLī-iōng chū-jiân-kài pêng-hêng goân-chek, hó-pí-kóng pó·-si̍t-sèng hî-lūi, in-ūi pēⁿ-mûi báng-thâng kah-ì tòa-tī chúi-chhân, chúi-kau, ē-sái lī-iōng sek-ha̍p chia-ê chúi-e̍k ê hî-lūi lâi pó·-si̍t báng-á ê iù-thâng. Lēng-gōa, ti-tu, sān-thâng-á mā-ē chia̍h báng-á.\n\nŪ-hiō\n-----\n\nGiâm-tiōng kám-jiám ê Ji̍t-pún náu-iām pēⁿ-hoān ū 5%-25% ē sí-bông, choa̍t tāi-to-sò· ê sí-bông àn-lē hoat-seng tī hoat-pēⁿ āu 5 ji̍t chi-lāi. Chûn-oa̍h ê pēⁿ-hoān tāi-to tī 1 lé-pài āu lâi thè-sio, m̄-koh ūn-tōng kap tì-lêng ê thè-hòa khó-lêng āi kúi-nā kó·-goe̍h kàu kúi-nā nî chiah ē-tàng hui-ho̍k chèng-siông, 20%-30% ē lâu-hā éng-kiú āu-ûi-chèng.\n\nPēⁿ-hoān ê ū-hiō kah i-ê nî-kí chiâⁿ-ū koan-hē, it-poaⁿ lâi-kóng, nî-iù kap nî-lāu chiá sí-bông kap ū āu-ûi-chèng ê pí-lē khah-koân. 1-pòaⁿ kàu 3-hun-chi-1 ê chûn-oa̍h-chiá tī kúi-koh-goe̍h kàu 1-nî lāi ē chhut-hiān pòaⁿ-sūi, kha-chhiú bô-la̍t, thiu-chhoah, kha-pō· bē-ún, téng-téng hiān-siōng. Chhiau-kòe 1-pòaⁿ ê chûn-oa̍h gín-á, tī hoat-pēⁿ 1-nî āu iáu-ū náu-pho ī-siông ê chêng-hêng. 4-hun-chi-3 ê chûn-oa̍h-chiá, tī hoat-pēⁿ 5-nî āu iáu-ū hêng-ûi he̍k cheng-sîn chōng-thāi hong-bīn ê ī-siông chêng-hêng.","meta":{"title":"Ji̍t-pún náu-iām","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[110,5400,0.020370370370370372],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6217}} -{"text":"*Koan-hē chi̍t khoán tì thâu-khak téng ê sió bō-á khoán chong-sek, khòaⁿ hatinator.*\nSió-lé-bō\n**Sió-lé-bō** sī chi̍t khoán Se-iûⁿ-sek ê bō-á, Eng-gí hō *bowler hat*, sī îⁿ téng ngē chit--ê, tāi-khài 19 sè-kí tiong-āu-kî tng sî-kiâⁿ. Tī Bí-kok Eng-gí lāi-bīn pún khoán bō-á mā kiò *derby*.\n\nKhí-goân\n--------\n\nSió-lé-bō it-poaⁿ jīn-ûi sī ùi 1849 nî kang-gia̍p-hòa heng-thong sî-kî ê Eng-kok hông siat-kè chhut--lâi-ê, i mā piàn chò sī Eng-kok-lâng ê chi̍t khoán tāi-piáu ho̍k-chong. \"Bowler\" chi̍t-ê miâ sī tùi Eng-lân pak-pō͘ Stockport ê chè-bō-sai John kap William Bowler hō--lâi, tāi-seng sī chi̍t ūi hôa-cho̍k chí-tēng ê phah-la̍h ēng bō siat-kè. Hit tang-chūn seng-sán ê kong-si sī Lûn-tun ê James Lock and Company.\n\nTāi-chiòng bûn-hòa\n------------------\n\nSió-lé-bō tī kīn-lâi pah-gōa tang sī hiáⁿ-ba̍k ê bō-á khoán-sek. Tiāⁿ chhut-hiān tī gē-su̍t, bûn-ha̍k, kàu kin-sè oa-án koh tī kóng-kò téng-téng lōe-iông hông chhái-ēng. Chhiò-khoe ián-goân Charlie Chaplin chhut-miâ ê hêng-bô͘ chi it, tiō sī tì chi̍t téng sió-lé-bō, che un-á sī āu--lâi Laurel and Hardy ê chheng-chhah. Í-gōa, chit khoán bō-á mā kì-su̍t tī Samuel Beckett ê *Waiting for Godot*, Bertolt Brecht ê *Threepenny Opera*, kap Stanley Kubrick ê *Clockwork Orange* téng-téng bûn-ha̍k kiam hì-chhut chok-phín lāi-bīn. Ōe-ka René Magritte ia̍h ōe chiūⁿ i-ê chhiau-hiān-si̍t ōe-chok téng-bīn.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Thomas Barclay (1923). \"帽\". *Supplement to Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy*. sió-lé bō, a bowler hat\n2. 1 2 3 Susie Hopkins (2004). \"Hats, Men's\". Chū Valerie Steele. *Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion*. Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 0-684-31394-4.\n\nKhok-chhiong tha̍k-bu̍t\n-----------------------\n\n* Fred Miller Robinson (2011). *The Man in the Bowler Hat: His History and Iconography*. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-6585-9.\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Sió-lé-bō*** |","meta":{"title":"Sió-lé-bō","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[425,1759,0.24161455372370666],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2178}} -{"text":"\"Thài-iông\" choán koè chia. Chhōe kî-thaⁿ ēng-hoat, khòaⁿ Thài-iông (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h).\n\n**Ji̍t-thâu** (日頭), ia̍h kiò **Thài-iông** (太陽), sī lán thài-iông-hē î-it ê 1 lia̍p chheⁿ. Tē-kiû kap só·-ū kî-thaⁿ ê hêng-seng lóng lia̍h ji̍t-thâu chò chiu-choán ê tiong-sim. Ji̍t-thâu mā-sī thian-bûn-ha̍k lāi-té lán khiā ê thian-hô-hē chē-chē chheⁿ ê kî-tiong 1 lia̍p. \n\nIn-ūi thài-iông-hē ê hêng-seng lóng àn ji̍t-thâu teh se̍h, só͘-í tī thian-bûn-ha̍k kap thài-khong lú-hêng ê kè-e̍k lāi-té, ji̍t-thâu oan-nā chin tiōng-iàu, it-poaⁿ lóng hō͘ lâng the̍h lâi ēng chòe kí-hô ê tiong-sim-tiám. Lēng-gōa thài-khong-chûn mā ē-tàng sūn thài-iông-hong lâi sái, thài-iông-hong sī ji̍t-thâu siā--chhut-lâi ê lia̍p-chí.\n\nThài-iông-lêng kap kong-ha̍p-chok-iōng hō͘ o̍ah-miā kā en-thu-lo͘-phi (entropy) ge̍k-choán, mā thàu-kòe chhòng-chō koh khah ho̍k-cha̍p ê hun-chú, chhin-chhiūⁿ nn̄g-pe̍h-chit kap kàⁿ-sò͘ (enzyme), lâi kā khah-bô ti̍t-sū ê hun-chú hôe-ho̍k ti̍t-sū.\n\nLán chòe-kīn chai-iáⁿ ū chi̍t-kóa khiā tī hái-té ê o̍ah-mi̍h, in sui-bóng chiò bē-tio̍h ji̍t-thâu, m̄-koh sī khò hòa-ha̍k-ha̍p-sêng (chemosynthesis) lâi seng-chûn--ê. In só͘ ēng--ê sī tē-kiû chiâⁿ-hêng ê sî lâu--lo̍h-lâi ê lêng-liōng. Chit-ê lia̍h-chāi-gōa, jîn-lūi mā ē-hiáu lī-iōng he̍k-iông-ha̍p kap he̍k-hun-lia̍t lâi tit-tio̍h lêng-liōng. Tî-liáu téng-bīn chiah-ê hong-sek í-gōa, lóng-chóng ê o̍ah-miā lóng tio̍h óa-khò Ji̍t-thâu téng-kôan só͘ hoat-seng ê he̍k-iông-ha̍p lâi tit-tio̍h seng-chûn su-iàu ê lêng-liōng.\n\nTī ji̍t-thâu téng-kôan, kheng (H, chúi-sò͘, hydrogen) hām hāi (He, helium) kap chò-hóe lâi sán-seng lêng-liōng, tī khah-óa ji̍t-thâu tiong-sim ê só͘-chāi mā ū kî-thaⁿ khah tāng ê gôan-sò͘ teh iông-ha̍p.\n\nJi̍t-thâu-o͘-chí ē kái-piàn tē-kiû-téng ê thiⁿ-khì, mā-ē éng-hióng tio̍h tiān-chú-khì-châi.\n\n| Thài-iông-hē |\n| --- |\n| |\n| **Chheⁿ:** Ji̍t-thâu |\n| **He̍k-chheⁿ:** Chúi-chheⁿ | Kim-chheⁿ | Tē-kiû | Hóe-chheⁿ | Bo̍k-chheⁿ | Thó͘-chheⁿ | Thian-ông-chheⁿ | Hái-ông-chheⁿ |\n| **É-he̍k-chheⁿ:** Ceres | Mê-ông-chheⁿ | Haumea | Makemake | Eris |\n| **Sió-bu̍t-thé:** Sió-he̍k-chheⁿ | Hái-ông-chheⁿ goā chheⁿ-thé | Tn̂g-boé-chheⁿ |\n| **Oē-chheⁿ:** Goe̍h-niû | Hoé-chheⁿ ê | Bo̍k-chheⁿ ê | Thó͘-chheⁿ ê | Thian-ông-chheⁿ ê | Hái-ông-chheⁿ ê |\n| **Tīn:** Sió-he̍k-chheⁿ-toà | Kuiper-toà | Sàn-loān îⁿ-poâⁿ | Oort-hûn |\n| Chhiáⁿ chham-khó thian-bûn bu̍t-thé, thài-iông-hē ê chheⁿ-thé lia̍t-toaⁿ, chiàu poàⁿ-kèng pâi iah sī chiàu chit-liōng pâi |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85130462\n* GND: 4055562-8\n* BNF: cb11976333j (data)\n* NDL: 00616878\n* NKC: ph118090\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ji̍t-thâu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1089,2880,0.378125],"infobox":["
    Ji̍t-thâu
    \n
    Ji̍t-thâu
    kī-lī\n7011149597870700000♠1 AU ≈ 7011149600000000000♠1.496×108 km (kī-lī tē-kiû)
    ≈ 7020270000000000000♠2.7×1017 km (≈ 7004290000000000000♠29,000 Kong-liân, kī-lī Hô-khe tiong-sim)
    \nTe̍k-tiám
    Sī-chheⁿ m\n4.83
    Hêng-chheⁿ hun-lūi\nG2V
    Hoè\n≈ 4.6 billion years
    Chit-liōng\n7030198850000000000♠1.9885×1030 kg
    Poàⁿ-kèng\n695,700 km
    chū-choán\n7003199694444444444♠7.189×103 km/h
    He̍k-chheⁿ\nThài-iông-hē
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2958}} -{"text":"**Chu-pún-chú-gī** (资本主义) sī keng-chè ê 1 khoán kiat-kò͘ iah-sī kóng hē-thóng, chit-khoán kiat-kò͘ sī 1 chióng chhú chu-pún ê liû-tōng chò ki-pún goân-lí ê chè-tō͘. Thâu-chêng kóng ê chu-pún, sī chí tī siā-hoē tâu-ji̍p hoè-pè, chia-ê hoè-pè keng-koè tī siā-hoē--ni̍h liû-tōng liáu-āu, tâu-chu-chiá thang siu-tio̍h pí tâu-ji̍p koh-khah chē ê hoè-pè, nā chiah-ê hoè-pè (chîⁿ), tō-sī it-poaⁿ só͘ kóng ê chu-pún.\n\nHoat-kok Kek-bēng hit-chām-á, chē-chē lâng tùi siā-hoē keng-chè ê toā-hoat-tián khai-sí ū jú lâi jú chhim-tîm ê su-khó, khan-sia̍p-tio̍h sán-gia̍p kek-bēng ê chhui-tián, keng-koè 18~19 sè-kí liáu-āu khak-tēng--lo̍h-lâi ê toā-liōng seng-sán ê khoán-sek, kap seng-sán hām keng-chè thé-hē kái-î, chō-sêng ê sin ê sòng-hiong (kap khó͘-oāⁿ, ki-hng kap e̍k-pēⁿ téng-téng thian-chai bô-tī-tāi--ê, siā-hoē kiat-kò͘ só͘-tì ê chhám-chheh), chin chē lâng ū chò gián-kiù, pēng-chhiáⁿ tùi siā-hoē hoa̍t-tōng ê si̍t-chè hiān-siōng thê-chhut soat-bêng, chit lāi-té Karl Marx tī 19 sè-kí tiong-kî, tiàm i ê tù-chok Chu-pún-lūn--ni̍h, sī kā chu-pún-chú-gī tēng-gī chò \"seng-sán chhiú-lō͘ chi̍p-tiong tī chió-sò͘ ê chu-pún-ka chhiú--ni̍h, lēng-goā ū toā-to-sò͘ ê lô͘-tōng-chiá, tû-khì chhut-bē ka-tī ê lô͘-tōng-le̍k, bô pa̍t-hāng seng-oa̍h hong-sek ê séng-sán khoán-sek.\"\n\nChu-pún-chú-gī pún-sin, tī bô-kâng ê ha̍k-kho, ha̍k-chiá kap ha̍k-phài lāi-té, sīm-chì tī phó-thong bîn-chiòng ê oē-gí tiong-kan, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ū tēng-gī téng-koân kài toā ê cheng-chha tī-leh, che sī lán leh sú-iōng chit-ê sû ê sî-chūn, tiāⁿ-tio̍h ài sè-jī ê só͘-chāi.","meta":{"title":"Chu-pún-chú-gī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1581,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1802}} -{"text":"**Chu-pún** tī keng-chè-ha̍k, châi-bū kap koè-kè ū kúi-ā-ê sio-liâm-tì-toà ê ì-sù.\n\nTī châi-bū, kim-iông kap koè-kè lâi kóng, chu-pún phó͘-thong-tek sī chí chu-kim, te̍k-pia̍t sī ēng lâi khí-chō kap î-chhî khì-gia̍p ê chu-kim.\n\nTī kó͘-tián keng-chè-ha̍k--ni̍h, **chu-pún** sī 3 ê seng-sán iàu-sò͘ lāi-té ê 1 ê, lēng-goā 2 ê tō sī thó͘-tē kap lô͘-tōng-le̍k. Hoān-nā ū ē-kha chit 3 ê te̍k-teng--ê tō sī chu-pún:\n\n* Ē-thang ēng tī seng-sán pa̍t-ê ê hoè-mi̍h. (Chit tiám sī i chiâⁿ-chò seng-sán iàu-sò͘ chi-it ê in-toaⁿ).\n* Sī jîn-chō--ê, siong-tùi \"thó͘-tē\" lâi kóng, sī chí seⁿ-sêng ū ê chu-goân, chhin-chhiūⁿ tē-lí ê ūi-tì kap khòng-bu̍t.\n* Tī seng-sán ê koè-têng-tiong bē sûi tō ēng liáu-chīn--ê, iā-tō-sī kóng kap goân-liāu chham tiong-kan huè-mi̍h bô-kâng.\n\nTéng-koân ê tē-saⁿ ê tēng-gī tī kó͘-tián keng-chè-ha̍k--ni̍h bô hō͘ lâng lóng-chóng chhái-iōng, pí-lūn, keng-chè-ha̍k-ka David Ricardo sī kā hû-ha̍p tsiah-ê tēng-gī ê hō-chò **kò͘-tēng chu-pún**, nā koh ka-siōng goân-liāu kap tiong-kan sán-phín, tō kò͘-sêng Ricardo kóng ê **liû-thong chu-pún**. Tùi i lâi kóng, chit 2 ê hāng-mi̍h kan-taⁿ sī chu-pún ê 2 ê sè-lūi.","meta":{"title":"Chu-pún","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[349,1121,0.3113291703835861],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1317}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?La̍k-tiâu phiâu-thâng |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Arthropoda |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Insecta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Coleoptera |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Coccinellidae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Menochilus* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***M. sexmaculatus*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| *Menochilus sexmaculatus* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**La̍k-tiâu phiâu-thâng** (六條瓢蟲, *Menochilus sexmaculatus*) sī chi̍t-chióng ku-á, khui-sio̍k-tī Phiâu-thiông-kho (Coccinellidae), sin-khu tn̂g 4.5 kàu 5.5 mm. I ê goā-koan piàn-ī chiâⁿ-toā, phiau-chún-sêng kah pho-bûn phiâu-thâng beh-kâng-beh-kâng, m̄-koh thâu-chêng heng-khám poē-pán (背板) hoe-bûn te̍k-sû koh-bô kam-á-âng-sek ê hoe-pan. Kî-thaⁿ koh-iūⁿ piàn-ī-hêng iáu-ū khoah si̍p-jī o·-bûn he̍k sè si̍p-jī o·-bûn téng-téng bô-kâng ê pan-bûn piàn-hoà. \n\nLa̍k-tiâu phiâu-thâng ji̍t---sî chhut-lâi oa̍h-tāng chhoē-chia̍h, bah-si̍t-sèng (chia̍h chho--ê), ài chia̍h ku-sîn (gâ-thâng, 蚜蟲). Tû-liáu tang-thiⁿ, i hun-pò· tī pêⁿ-tē kàu kē-hái-poa̍t ê soaⁿ-khu, tiāⁿ ē khoàiⁿ.","meta":{"title":"La̍k-tiâu phiâu-thâng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[189,855,0.22105263157894736],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1162}} -{"text":"1921 nî ê Tāi-eng Tè-kok\n**Tāi-eng Tè-kok** (大英帝國; *British Empire*) sī chi̍t ê iû Eng-kok ûi tiong-sim lâi thóng-tī ê choân-kiû tè-kok, sī jîn-lūi le̍k-sú-siōng kok-thó͘ bīn-chek siōng-tōa ê tè-kok, kok-thó͘ bīn-chek siōng-tōa ê sî-chūn ū 3400-bān pêng-hong kong-lí. It-poaⁿ jīm-ûi, Eng-kok kek-pāi Se-pan-gâ Lām-tūi tāi-piáu tio̍h Eng-kok ê ku̍t-khí. Kong-êng Kek-bēng liáu-āu, Eng-kok kap Hoat-kok khai-sí hông chheng chò sī Tē-jī-chhù Pah-nî Chiàn-cheng ê tn̂g-kî chhiong-tu̍t. 1763 nî, Chhit-nî Chiàn-cheng kiat-sok, Eng-kok ùi Hoat-kok chhú-tit kui-ê Ka-ná-tāi, tāi-piáu tio̍h Eng-kok chiâⁿ-chò chin-chiàⁿ ê hái-iûⁿ pà-chú. 1815 nî, tī kek-pāi Napoléon ê Hoat-lân-se Tē-it Tè-kok liáu-āu, Eng-kok chiâⁿ-chò chin-chiàⁿ ê sè-kài tē-it kiông-koân. In-ūi Tāi-eng Tè-kok ê léng-thó͘ hâm-kài Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k, Gō͘-tōa-chiu kap Chhit-tōa-iûⁿ, sī kè Se-pan-gâ Tè-kok liáu-āu ê tē-jī ê Ji̍t-put-lo̍h Tè-kok.","meta":{"title":"Tāi-eng Tè-kok","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,903,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1032}} -{"text":"**Sió-khí-chèng** (Hàn-jī, 小齒症, Eng-gí, *microdontia*) sī chhùi-khí ê tōa-sió pí chèng-siông khah-sió, it-poaⁿ kan-tāⁿ hoat-seng tī éng-kiú-khí khí-lia̍t, siāng-chiap khòaⁿ--tio̍h-ê sī ko·-khí ê chêng-hêng, chhin-chhiūⁿ kóng hoat-seng tī téng-ham (頂頷, *maxilla*) ê éng-kiú chhek-mn̂g-khí (永久側門齒, *permanent lateral incisor*) kap tē-3 éng-kiú tōa-kiū-khí. Hoat-seng tī éng-kiú chhek-mn̂g-khí to̍h kiò-chò teng-á-hêng (peg-shaped) chhek-mn̂g-khí. Nā só·-ū ê chhùi-khí lóng hoat-seng siong-tùi-sèng chhùi-khí khah-sió ê chêng-hêng, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī khí-chô-kut kòe-tōa ê iân-kò·. Chin-chiàⁿ ê kóng-hoān-sèng chhùi-khí kòe-sió sī khí-chô-kut hoat-io̍k chèng-siông, ah só·-ū ê chhùi-khí khak-si̍t thài-sió, chit-chióng chêng-hêng chiâⁿ hán-kìⁿ, kan-kāⁿ hoat-seng tī *pituitary dwarfism* kap tī chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k sî-kî chiap-siū liáu hòng-siā-sòaⁿ (放射線) he̍k hòa-ha̍k tī-liâu (化學治療) ê chêng-hêng.","meta":{"title":"Sió-khí-chèng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,927,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1045}} -{"text":"\n**Pó-hōo tshòng-sin kè-uē** (ing-gú:Defend Innovation) sī tiān-tsí tsiân-iân ki-kim-huē [en](EFF) tī 2012-nî 6-gue̍h huat-khí ê tsi̍t-hāng tsuan-lī kái-kik kè-uē. Tsit-ê kè-uē siōng-thâu-á the̍h-tshut Bí-kok tsuan-lī tsè-tōo ê 7-hāng kái-kik, pau-kuat sok-té nńg-thé tsuan-lī [en] ê kî-hān, iau-kiû teh sin-tshíng tsuan-li ê sî-tsūn the̍h-kiong ūn-hîng ê nńg-thé tāi-bé; í-ki̍p phiah-bián to̍k-li̍p hi̍k-tik tsuan-lī huat-bîng ê tshim-kuân jîn ê tsik-jīm.\n\nKiat-kó\n-------\n\nUì 2012-nî 6-gue̍h í-lâi, tsit-ê kè-uē uì lu̍t-su, nńg-thé kang-tîng-su, huat-īnnàn-kiānn kah kî-thannlâi-guân siu-tsi̍p iú-kuan tsuan-lī tsè-tōo ê sìn-sit. Siu-tsi̍p ê sìn-sit hām EFF tsū-sin ê tsuan-gia̍p tì-sikb siong kiat-ha̍p; pīng-tshiánn huē-pian tsò tsi̍t-hūn kiò-tsò \"Beh án-tsuánn siu-ho̍k lán phò-tshuì ê tsuan-lī hē-thóng\" ê pe̍h-phuê-su. Kî-tiong siông-sè kài-siāu se̍h teh tsuan-lī hē-thóng ê būn-tê; pīng-tshiánn the̍h-tshut kok-huē, tsuan-lī-kio̍k kah nńg-thé kong-si ē-sái si̍t-si ê kái-kuat hong-àn. Tsit-ê pe̍h-phuê-su ē-tàng teh Defend Innovation ê bāng-tsām ting-kua hi̍k-tshú.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"EFF Launches New Patent Reform Project to Defend Innovation\". *Electronic Frontier Foundation*. 13 December 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ \"Proposals\". *Defend Innovation*. goân-loē-iông tī 22 December 2015 hőng khó͘-pih. 13 December 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n3. ↑ \"Patents\". *Electronic Frontier Foundation*. 13 December 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n4. ↑ \"Defend Innovation\". *Defend Innovation*. 13 December 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Electronic Frontier Foundation\n* Patent troll\n* Software patent debate\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām (Eng-gí)\n* Electronic Frontier Foundation (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Pó-hō͘ chhòng-sin kè-ōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[743,1851,0.4014046461372231],"infobox":["
    Pó-hōo tshòng-sin kè-uē
    Mission statement\nBeh án-tsuánn siu-ho̍k lán phò-tshuì ê tsuan-lī hē-thóng
    Commercial?\nBô
    Founder\nTiān-tsí tsiân-iân ki-kim-huē [en]
    Established\n2012 nî 6 goe̍h 19 ji̍t ji̍t (2012-06-19)
    Website\ndefendinnovation.org
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1917}} -{"text":"**Ú-lîm** sī tī hō·-chúi chiâⁿ kāu ê só·-chāi ê chhiū-nâ. \"Ú\" sī \"hō·\" ê tha̍k-chheh-im, \"lîm\" sī chhiū-nâ ê \"nâ\" ê tha̍k-chheh-im.\n\nIn-ūi jia̍t-tài tōa-pō·-hūn ê só·-chāi kāu-hō· koh sio-joa̍h, só·-í jia̍t-tài sī tē-kiû-téng ú-lîm siōng-kài chē ê khu-he̍k, chit-tah ê ú-lîm hō-chò **jia̍t-tài ú-lîm**. Chóng--sī tī un-tài tē-khu mā kāng-khóan sī ū ú-lîm--ê (chham-khó un-tài ú-lîm).\n\nÚ-lîm tû-khì hō·-chúi kāu í-gōa, ú-lîm lāi-té ê seng-bu̍t chióng-lūi mā put-chí-á chē, seng-bu̍t ê to-iōng-sèng chin koân.\n\nSè-kài-siōng siōng-tōa ê ú-lîm sī tī Brasil Amazon Phûn-tē ê Amazon Ú-lîm, hām Hui-chiu ê jia̍t-tài khu-he̍k, tùi Cameroon kàu Congo Kiōng-hô-kok ê ú-lîm. Tī Tang-lâm-a ê tōa-pō·-hūn tē-khu, pau-koah Myanmar, Ìn-nî, Papua Sin Guinea kap Australia mā ū jia̍t-tài ú-lîm.\n\nNā un-tài tē-khu, British Columbia, Bí-kok Alaska ê tang-lâm pō·, Kavkaz (Caucasus) se-pō· (Sakartvelo ê Ajaria tē-khu), kap Balkan ê chi̍t-pō·-hūn mā ū ú-lîm.\n\nChiàu kó·-kè tāi-khì lāi-té ū 40% ê sng-sò· sī ú-lîm sán-seng--ê, chin-chē khó-ha̍k-ka jīn-ûi ú-lîm tùi tē-kiû ê khì-siōng ū chin tōa ê éng-hióng.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Rainforest*** |","meta":{"title":"Ú-lîm","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[56,1164,0.048109965635738834],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1406}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Sió-bûn-chheng-pan-tia̍p |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Arthropoda |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Insecta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Lepidoptera |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chhiau-kho: | Papilionoidea |\n| Kho: | Nymphalidae |\n| A-kho: | Danainae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | *Tirumala* |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***T. septentronis*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Tirumala septentronis***? |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Sió-bûn-chheng-pan-tia̍p** (Hàn-jī: 小紋青斑蝶; ha̍k-miâ: *Tirumala septentronis*) sī chi̍t-chióng bóe-ia̍h-á, si̍t-kó· thíⁿ--khui ū 75 kàu 95 mm. Si̍t-kó· chhim ka-pi-sek, koh-ū chheng-sek sòaⁿ-tiâu ê pan-bûn; nā-sī-kah kīn-sū-chéng pí-kàu--khí-lâi, pún-chéng si̍t-kó· piáu-bīn (kha-chiah-phiaⁿ hit-bīn) ê sek-chúi siāng-chhim, chheng-sek pan ê bīn-chek siāng-sió. Kang--ê kap bó--ê ê pan-bûn sio-siâng, m̄-koh hiông-tia̍p ē-kha-si̍t-kó· pak-tó·-bīn ū ke seⁿ chi̍t-phìⁿ ka-pi-sek ê liû (瘤).\n\nSêng-thâng ji̍t--sî chhut-lâi o̍ah-tāng chhōe-chia̍h, si̍t-chháu-sèng, seng-o̍ah tī chháu-châng ê khoân-kéng, chiâⁿ ài sì-kè pài-hóng hoe-châng; tī Tâi-oân hun-pò· tī tiong-pō· kap pak-pō· kē-hái-po̍at ê soaⁿ-khu, lâm-pō· khah-hán-tit khòaiⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Sió-bûn-chheng-pan-tia̍p","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[228,979,0.23289070480081717],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1306}} -{"text":"Tēⁿ Hô Hā Se-iûⁿ sî ê pó-chûn\n**Tēⁿ Hô Hā Se-iûⁿ** (鄭和下西洋) sī Tiong-kok Bêng-tiâu chá-kî 1405 nî kàu 1433 nî tiong-kan ê 7 pái liân-sio̍k ê tōa kui-bô͘ oán-iûⁿ hâng-hái, hāⁿ-kòe liáu Tang A tē-khu, Ìn-tō͘ chhù-tāi-lio̍k, A-la-pek poàn-tó kap Tang Hui kok-tē, sī hit-tang-chūn sè-kài siōng kui-bô͘ siōng-kài tōa ê oán-iûⁿ hâng-hái hāng-bo̍k. Ùi 1405 nî kàu 1433 nî, Bêng Sêng-chó͘ bēng-lēng Tēⁿ Hô kap Ông Kéng-hông niá 240-gōa chiah hái-chûn kap 27400 ūi chûn-oân, pài-hóng 30-gōa ê Se Thài-pêng-iûⁿ kap Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ kok-ka kap tē-khu. Chit tōaⁿ kî-kan sī Bartolomeu Dias hoat-hiān Hó-bāng-kak ê 70 tang chêng, Christophorus Columbus hoat-hiān Bí-chiu Tāi-lio̍k ê 80 tang chêng. Tēⁿ Hô ê chûn-tūi 7 pái hā Se-iûⁿ ê chóng hâng-têng ū 7-bān-gōa hái-lí, tn̂g-tō͘ chhiau-kòe Tē-kiû îⁿ-chiu ê 3 pōe.\n\nTēⁿ Hô ê chûn-tūi bat hâng-hêng kàu Tang-hái, Lâm-hái, Thài-kok-oan, se̍h kòe Bâ-la̍k-kak Hái-kiap chìn-ji̍p Andaman Hái kap Bēng-ka-lá Oan, koh se̍h kòe kui-ê Ìn-tō͘ lâm-pō͘ kàu A-la-pek Hái kap Pho-su Oan, jiân-āu ùi Aden Oan chìn-ji̍p Âng Hái. Lēng-gōa, koh ū hâng-hêng kàu Tang Hui ê Madagascar pak-pō͘ hái-he̍k. Pài-hóng liáu 30-gōa ê kok-ka kap tó-sū, pau-hâm Tang-lâm A ê Jiáu-oa, Sumatera, Sulu, Pahang, Kampuchea kap Siam-lô; Ìn-tō͘ ê Kozhikode kap Bēng-ka-lá; A-la-pek poàn-tó ê Aden, Makka, Oman kap Hormuz; Tang Hui ê Mogadishu kap Mozambique. Tēⁿ Hô lām-tūi ê 7 pái oán-iûⁿ hâng-hêng ū 6 pái sī tī Bêng Sêng-chó͘ Éng-lo̍k nî kan (1402 nî kàu 1424 nî) khai-sí, ah chòe-āu chi̍t pái sī tī Bêng Soan-chong Soan-tek goân nî (1425 nî kàu 1435 nî) khai-sí. Thâu 3 pái oán-iûⁿ hâng-hái siōng-hn̄g kàu Ìn-tō͘ se-lâm hái-hōaⁿ ê Kozhikode, ah tē-4 pái siōng-hn̄g kàu Pho-su Oan ê Hormuz Hái-kiap; choè-āu, chûn-tūi bat kiâⁿ kàu A-la-pek poàn-tó kap Tang Hui ê Kenya.\n\n*Tēⁿ Hô Hâng-hái Tô͘* sī sè-kài hiān-chûn siōng-chá ê hâng-hái tô͘.","meta":{"title":"Tēⁿ Hô Hā Se-iûⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1771,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2080}} -{"text":"\n**Tēⁿ Keng** (鄭經; 1642 nî 10 goe̍h 25 ji̍t – 1681 nî 3 goe̍h 17 ji̍t), piáu-jī **Hiân-chi** (賢之) kah **Goân-chi** (元之), hō **Sik-thian** (式天), sī Tang-lêng-kok ê tē-saⁿ uī kok-ông, chêng-āu chāi-uī chiong-kīn 20 nî, sè-hō **Bûn-ông** (文王). I sī Tēⁿ Sêng-kong ê tik-tióng-lâm, bú-chhin sī Ông-hui Táng--sī. 1655 nî, siū Tāi Bêng hông-tè chheh-hong sêng-uî ông-sè-chú (王世子).\n\nSeng-pêng\n---------\n\n### Chá-nî\n\nChū-chiông 1661 nî hū-ông tī lâm Tâi-oân kiàn-kok liáu-āu, Tēⁿ Keng tō khai-sí khòng-chè Ē-mn̂g kah Kim-mn̂g ê hái-kun sè-li̍k. Tēⁿ Keng tī Ē-mn̂g ê sî-chūn, hām sió-tī ê ling-bú -- Tân Chiau-liông (陳昭娘) thong-kan, seⁿ ông-sun Tēⁿ Khek-chong. Chit ê siau-sit thoân-hoê Sêng-thian-hú liáu-āu, Tēⁿ Sêng-kong pún-lâi sī chin hoaⁿ-hí; m̄-koh, Ông-hui Tn̂g--sī (王妃唐氏) ê a-kong Tn̂g Hián-oa̍t (唐顯悅) kā thong-kan ê tāi-chì kóng chhut-lâi, Tang-lîng ê kuì-cho̍k kah bûn-jîn lóng teh thí-chhiò ông-sik. Tēⁿ Sêng-kong kám-kak kiàn-siàu, hā-līng beh kā Tân Chiau-liông kah ông-sun lóng thâi-sí, Tēⁿ Keng chó͘-tòng. Tēⁿ Sêng-kong soah kā huì-uī, hā-līng liân i kah Ông-hui Táng--sī mā lóng ài thâi-sí, tān-sī Ē-mn̂g bô lâng káⁿ chò.\n\nKuí kò goe̍h āu, Tēⁿ Sêng-kong koè-sin, thoân-uī hō͘ sió-tī Tēⁿ Si̍p, N̂g Chiau (黃昭) kah Siau Kióng-sîn (蕭拱宸) chi-chhî. Tēⁿ Keng liâm-mi mā tī Ē-mn̂g ka-kī kè-sîng ông-uī, chū-chheng **Sè-phoan**(世藩), toà-niá kun-tuī hāⁿ-koè Bân-hái (閩海) chìn-kong Sîng-thian-hú; thâi-sí N̂g Chiau kah Siau Kióng-sîn, loán-kìm Tēⁿ Si̍p.\n\n### Chāi-uī\n\n### Sí-bông\n\nKòng-hiàn\n---------\n\nSi-chok\n-------\n\nTēⁿ Keng tī 1664 nî kàu 1674 nî ê kî-kan, choān-siá kó͘-tián hàn-bûn si-chi̍p -- *Tang-piah-lâu Chi̍p*(東壁樓集). Choân-pō͘ lóng-chóng 8 koàn, siu-lo̍k 480 siú si-chok; tī tong-sî Tang-lêng kok-lāi ê bûn-jîn tang-tiong, sī chok-phín siōng chē ê si-jîn.\n\nKa-tîng\n-------\n\n* Pē-bú:\n\t+ Tēⁿ Sêng-kong (鄭成功)\n\t+ Ông-hui Táng--sī (王妃董氏)\n\n* Hiō-kiong:\n\t+ Ông-hui Tn̂g--sī (王妃唐氏)\n\t+ Tân hu-jîn (陳夫人)\n\t+ Loā hu-jîn (賴夫人)\n\t+ Lí hu-jîn (李夫人)\n\t+ N̂g hu-jîn (黃夫人)\n\n* Ông-chú:\n\t+ Tēⁿ Khek-chong (鄭克𡒉)\n\t+ Tēⁿ Khek-sóng (鄭克塽)\n\t+ Tēⁿ Khek-ha̍k (鄭克壆)\n\nPī-chù\n------\n\n\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTang-lêng-kok ê kok-ông |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Tēⁿ Sêng-kong → Tēⁿ Si̍p → Tēⁿ Keng → Tēⁿ Khek-chong → Tēⁿ Khek-sóng |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 86404956\n* LCCN: no2009064997\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 5913 1866\n* GND: 1044667532\n* SUDOC: 231393482\n* NDL: 00625614\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tēⁿ Keng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1135,2836,0.40021156558533144],"infobox":["
    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    Tēⁿ Keng
    鄭經
    \nIân-pêng-ông
    \n
    Tang-lêng-kok kok-ông
    Chāi-ūi\n1662 nî 11 goe̍h–1681 nî 3 goe̍h 17 ji̍t
    Chêng-jīm\nTēⁿ Si̍p
    Kè-jīm\nTēⁿ Khek-chong
    Ông-hui\nÔng-hui Tn̂g--sī
    Sè-î\nTân--sī
    Loā--sī
    Lí--sī
    N̂g--sī
    Kiáⁿ-jî\n8 kiáⁿ, 6 cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ
    (pau-hâm Tēⁿ Khek-chong, Tēⁿ Khek-sóng, Tēⁿ Khek-ha̍k)
    \n
    Choân-miâ
    \nTēⁿ Keng (鄭經)
    Chun-hō
    \nIân-pêng-ông (延平王)
    Tâi-oân kok-ông (臺灣國王)
    Sè-phoan (世藩)
    Pún-phoan (本藩)
    Kím-sià (錦舍)
    Sē-hō
    \nBûn-ông (文王)
    Ông-tiâu\nTang-lêng
    Lāu-pē\nTēⁿ Sêng-kong
    Lāu-bú\nTáng Iú (董友)
    Chhut-sì\nTēⁿ Kím (鄭錦)
    1642 nî 10 goe̍h 25 ji̍t(1642-10-25)
    Tāi Bêng Choân-chiu-hú Lâm-oaⁿ-koān
    Kòe-sin\n1681 nî 3 goe̍h 17 ji̍t (38 hòe)
    Tang-lêng-kok Sêng-thian-hú
    ","
    Choân-miâ
    \nTēⁿ Keng (鄭經)
    Chun-hō
    \nIân-pêng-ông (延平王)
    Tâi-oân kok-ông (臺灣國王)
    Sè-phoan (世藩)
    Pún-phoan (本藩)
    Kím-sià (錦舍)
    Sē-hō
    \nBûn-ông (文王)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2812}} -{"text":"Tēng Ú-hiân\n**Tēng Ú-hiân** (Hàn-jī: 鄧雨賢, Kheh-gí: Then Yí-hièn, 1906 nî Liông-thâm – 1944 nî Tek-tang), Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi Tâi-oân liû-hêng-koa ê chok-khek-ka. Tī 1933 nî kàu 1935 nî tiong-kan chhòng-chok chhut kúi-nā-tiâu chhut-miâ ê koa, pau-koat \"Bāng Chhun-hong\". Liông-thâm-hiong ūi i li̍p 1 sian tâng-siòng kì-liām.\n\nPoē-kéng\n--------\n\nI seⁿ tī Thô-á-hn̂g Liông-thâm chit ê Kheh-lâng chng. Lāu-pē sī Hàn-o̍h-á-sian. 3-hoè sî kui-ke poaⁿ khì tī Tâi-pak siâⁿ-lāi. Tha̍k Báng-kà Kong-ha̍k-hāu. Tùi Tâi-pak Su-hoān Ha̍k-hāu pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, hông phài khì Tâi-pak Ji̍t-sin Kong-ha̍k-hāu kà-chheh.\n\n24 hoè khì Ji̍t-pún liû-ha̍k.\n\n1932 nî tâu-ji̍p liû-hêng-koa ê chhòng-chok. I sī Kó·-lûn-bí-a (古倫美亞) Chhiùⁿ-phìⁿ Kong-si ê choan-jīm chok-khek-ka. I it-seng ê chhòng-chok liōng chhiau-koè 50 siú. M̄-koh i ê khek lóng phoè Hō-ló-oē a̍h-sī Ji̍t-pún-oē ê koa-sû, m̄-bat ū Kheh-oē--ê.\n\nĀu--lâi tńg khì chng-kha, Sin-tek Kiong-nâ kà-chheh.\n\n1944 nî in-ūi hì-pēⁿ kiam sim-chōng-pēⁿ lâi koè-sin.\n\nKoa-iâu\n-------\n\nKài-giâm sî-tāi ê Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok koaⁿ-hong tùi i hit siú \"Sù-kùi-hông\" (四季紅) ê koa-miâ ū ì-kiàn, só·-í ū kúi-nā-10-tang ê sî-kan sī hō-chò \"Sù-kùi-iâu\" (四季謠). 1980 nî-tāi khai-sí kái tńg-khì goân-miâ.\n\nTâi-oân tó-goā ê o·-miâ-toaⁿ siā-khu kā \"Bāng Chhun-hong\" ê ì-gī choán kàu chèng-tī ê chân-chhù.\n\nChhut-miâ ê chok-phín\n---------------------\n\n* Bāng Chhun-hong\n* Ú-iā-hoe (雨夜花)\n* Chhun-siau-gîm (春宵吟)\n* Sù-kùi-hông (四季紅)\n* Boán-bīn Chhun-hong\n* Chhùi-sim-hoe\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 222130215\n* LCCN: no2009149870\n* ISNI: 0000 0003 6101 3043\n* BNF: cb15783204c (data)\n* MusicBrainz: 14b5347b-a49d-4a17-80af-187ec33331a2\n* NLA: 49863243\n* NCL: 000750379\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tēng Ú-hiân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[292,1577,0.18516169942929614],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1952}} -{"text":"**Tēng-sè hāu-èng** (Eng-gí: Einstellung effect), chi̍t-chióng jīn-ti phian-gō͘, lâng kheng-hiòng kè-siok iōng se̍k-sāi ê hong-hoat lâi kai-koatbūn-tê, chiū-sǹg-sī ū kî-thaⁿ ê \"khak hó--ê\" iah-sī \"khah sek-ha̍p--ê\" kai-koat hong-hoat. Chit-ê sim-lí hiān-siōng tī 1964 nî hông hoat-hiān, pēng-chhiáⁿ siat-kè chhut chē-chē sim-lí si̍t-giām lâi giām-chèng.\n\nKhài-lūn\n--------\n\nEinstellung sī chi̍t-ê Tek-bûn jī-sû, ì-sù sī siat-tēng hó-sè--ê, an-chng hó-sè--ê, iā ē-tàng iōng-lâi chí chi̍t-ê lâng ê thāi-tō͘.\n\nTùi Tēng-sè hāu-èng ê gián-kiú, ùi 1940 nî-tāi khai-sí. Abraham S. Luchins [en] bat siat-kè chhut sim-lí si̍t-giām lâi chèng-si̍t chit-ê hāu-èng.\n\nSim-lí si̍t-giām\n----------------\n\nTùi Tēng-sè hāu-èng, siōng ū-miâ ê sim-lísi̍t-giām, sī Abraham S. Luchins [en] ti 1942 nî siat-kè ê chúi-koàn si̍t-giām. Chit-ê si̍t-giām si, seng khǹg 3 ê chúi-koàn, iau-kiû si̍t-giām-chiá lī-iōng che 3 ê koàn-á, khì niû-chhut bó͘ chit-ê te̍k-tēng teng-liōng ê chúi. Tong pī-si̍t-giām-chiá chhōe-chhut hong-hoat liáu-āu, kái-piàn che 3 ê chúi-koàn ê iông-liōng. Tī kái-piàn iông-liōng liáu-āu, kan-ta su-iàu sú-iōng kî-tiong 2 ê koàn-á chiū ē-tàng niû-chhut iau-kiû ê chúi-liōng. M̄-koh si̍t-giām-chiá tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ē kè-siok sú-iōng goân-lâi ê têng-sū, iōng 3 ê koàn-á hō͘-siong tó-chúi ê hong-hoat, lâi niû-chhut iau-kiû ê liōng.","meta":{"title":"Tēng-sè hāu-èng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1298,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1511}} -{"text":"\n**Tēⁿ Khek-chong** (鄭克𡒉; 1662 nî  – 1681 nî ) sī Tâi-oân Tang-lêng-kok sî-tāi Iân-pêng-ông Tēⁿ Keng ê sè-chú, pún-miâ **Tēⁿ Khim** (鄭欽).\n\nIn-ūi Tēⁿ Keng ê tiong-kiong Ông-hui Tn̂g--sī pēng-bô hāu-siⁿ, só͘-í Tân Chiau-liông só͘-seⁿ ê tōa-hàn ông-chú Tēⁿ Khim sêng-ûi goân-chú. Put-kò, Tēⁿ Khim chhut-sì ê sî-chūn, chin chē lâng iâu-thoân i sī \"*Lí--sī chi chú*\" (李氏之子), m̄-sī Tēⁿ Keng ê chhin-siⁿ hāu-siⁿ, tān-sī Tēⁿ Keng pún-lâng pēng-bô siong-sìn chit khoán kóng-hoat. Tēⁿ Khim ê chhut-sì āu-lâi pìⁿ-chòe sī Tang-lêng sū-tāi-hu tùi Tēⁿ--sī ông-sek ê chhiò-khoe, in-chhú chō-sêng Tēⁿ Sêng-kong hui-siông ê put-boán, hā-lēng beh thâi-sí Tēⁿ Keng bú-á-kiáⁿ.\n\nTēⁿ Khim sòe-hàn ê sî-chūn, Tēⁿ Keng chiū bēng-lēng Chu-gī chham-kun Tân Éng-hôa lâi kā kà-sī. Tēⁿ Khim tōa-hàn liáu-āu, chiū kah Tân Éng-hôa ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ kiat-hun, i chiū-sī Sè-chú-hui Tân--sī (世子妃陳氏).\n\n1679 nî, Tēⁿ Khim chiap-siū Tēⁿ Keng ê chheh-hong sêng-ûi sè-chú kiam kàm-kok, hō-chòe **Kàm-kok Sè-sun** (監國世孫).\n\n1681 nî 3 goe̍h, Tēⁿ Keng phòa-pīⁿ eng-khì, Pâng Sek-hoān tī Ông-hui Táng--sī ê hòng-chiòng chi-hā, liân-ha̍p Tang-lêng chong-chhin sat-hāi Tēⁿ Khim.\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTang-lêng-kok ê kok-ông |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Tēⁿ Sêng-kong → Tēⁿ Si̍p → Tēⁿ Keng → Tēⁿ Khek-chong → Tēⁿ Khek-sóng |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tēⁿ Khek-chong","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[545,1672,0.32595693779904306],"infobox":["
    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    Tēⁿ Khek-chong
    鄭克𡒉
    \nIân-pêng-ông Kàm-kok Sè-sun
    (延平王監國世孫)
    Tang-lêng-kok kok-ông
    Chāi-ūi\n1681 nî 3 goe̍h
    Chêng-jīm\nTēⁿ Keng
    Kè-jīm\nTēⁿ Khek-sóng
    Phoè-ngó͘\nTân--sī
    \n
    Choân-miâ
    \nTēⁿ Khek-chong (鄭克𡒉)
    Chun-hō
    \nIân-pêng-ông Kàm-kok Sè-sun (延平王監國世孫)
    Khim-sià (欽舍)
    Ông-sek\nTang-lêng
    Lāu-pē\nTēⁿ Keng
    Lāu-bú\nTân Chiau-liông (陳昭娘)
    Chhut-sì\nTēⁿ Khim (鄭欽)
    1662 nî
    Lâm-bêng Ē-mn̂g
    Kòe-sin\n1681 nî (18–19 hòe)
    Tang-lêng-kok Sêng-thian-hú
    ","
    Choân-miâ
    \nTēⁿ Khek-chong (鄭克𡒉)
    Chun-hō
    \nIân-pêng-ông Kàm-kok Sè-sun (延平王監國世孫)
    Khim-sià (欽舍)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1521}} -{"text":"*\"I-su-lân\" sóa kàu chia. Nā-sī chí Au-chiu kok-ka kiam tó-sū, chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ Peng-tó.*\nIslam-kàu chāi hiān-tāi sè-kài ê hun-pò͘ .\n**Islam** (A-lá-peh-gí: الإسلام *islām* Óa-im: \"*í-sir-làm*\"), Hàn-bûn im-e̍k-gí **I-su-lân** (伊斯蘭), kū-sek hō-miâ **Hôe-kàu** (回教) ia̍h **Hôe-hôe-kàu**, sī chi̍t-khóan Abraham chong-kàu, mā-sī it-sîn chong-kàu. Islam-kàu gôan-chū Islam sian-ti Muhammad ê kà-sī, sìn-gióng ê sîn sī ēng Allah (a-lá; 阿拉, 安拉) chò chheng-ho͘, khí-gôan-tē sī A-lá-peh pòan-tó ê Mecca-siâⁿ, chú-iàu ê keng-tián hō-chòe Qur'an. Islam sī hiān-chhú-sî sè-kài sìn-tô͘ tē-jī-chōe ê chong-kàu, ū 1 kàu 1.8 ek, chú-iàu hun-chòe Sunni (85%) chham Shia (15%) nn̄g-ê phài-pia̍t.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nChiàu Islam thoân-thóng koan-tiám, Muhammad (iok 570 nî – 632 nî) sī chu sian-ti chi hong-ìn (*Khatam an-Nabiyyin*; siáng bóe chi̍t ūi sian-ti ê ì-sù). Chū 610 nî khai-sí, chiàu hiān-chûn ê siāng chá kì-lio̍k, Muhammad pò-kò ka-tī siū keng-kòe thiⁿ-sài Gabriel thoân--lâi ê Sîn ê khé-sī. Chia ê khé-sī, hō͘ Muhammad chi̍t phài lâng kì-lio̍k chò hō-miâ *Quran* ê bûn-su.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Ogawa Naoyosi, pian. (1931). \"回回教\". *Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten* 臺日大辭典 [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*] (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí).\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 5237148997646559870007\n* LCCN: sh85068390\n* GND: 4027743-4\n* SUDOC: 027266834\n* BNF: cb13318428q (data)\n* HDS: 011392\n* NDL: 00564585\n* NKC: ph114798\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Islam","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[270,1297,0.2081727062451812],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1633}} -{"text":"**Lopado­temacho­selacho­galeo­cranio­leipsano­drim­hypotrimmato­silphio­paraomelito­catacechymeno­cichl­epi­cossypho­phatto­perister­alectryon­opte­cephallio­cigclo­peleio­lagoio­siraio­baphe­tragano­pterygon**(Kó͘ Hi-lia̍p-gú: λοπαδο­τεμαχο­σελαχο­γαλεο­κρανιο­λειψανο­δριμ­υπο­τριμματο­σιλφιο­καραβο­μελιτο­κατακεχυ­μενο­κιχλ­επι­κοσσυφο­φαττο­περιστερ­αλεκτρυον­οπτο­κεφαλλιο­κιγκλο­πελειο­λαγῳο­σιραιο­βαφη­τραγανο­πτερύγων) sī Hi-lia̍p Aristophanes ê Chia̍h-mi̍h miâ[1]. Iōng Hi-lia̍p-gú siá ê ōe , kai tan-sû pau-koat 171 ê jī-bó , piàn ûi Latin-gí ê ōe pau-koat 182 ê jī bó-gí, sī sè-kài chòe tn̂g ê tan jī. Chit-ê tan-jī sī sè-kài chòe tn̂g ê tan-jī[1].\n\nChham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n1. 1 2 McFarlan, Donald; McWhirter, Norris D.; Boehm, David A. (1989), *Guinness book of world records, 1990* (Rev. American pán.), New York: Sterling Pub. p. 129, ISBN 9780806957906","meta":{"title":"Lopado­temacho­selacho­galeo­cranio­leipsano­drim­hypotrimmato­silphio­paraomelito­catacechymeno­cichl­epi­cossypho­phatto­perister­alectryon­opte­cephallio­cigclo­peleio­lagoio­siraio­baphe­tragano­pterygon","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[155,1050,0.14761904761904762],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1153}} -{"text":"Nā í chèng-tī-ha̍k lâi kóng, tī chē-chē kok-ka ê hiàn-hoat kap chè-tō͘--ni̍h, **hêng-chèng** sī chèng-hú ê 1 ê koân-le̍k pō͘-hūn, it-poaⁿ sam-koân hun-li̍p ê chè-tō͘ siat-kè, tû-khì hêng-chèng, tō sī su-hoat kap li̍p-hoat chit 2 ê koân-le̍k hun-ki. Hêng-chèng-koân só͘ hū-chek--ê, sī chèng-hú ta̍k-ji̍t ê toā-sè hāng koán-lí ê khang-khoè.\n\nTī chin chē kok-ka lāi-té, kiàn kóng-tio̍h \"chèng-hú\", tō sī teh chí hêng-chèng pō͘-mn̂g, chóng--sī chit-ê iōng-hoat tī kok kap kok chò pí-kàu ê sī, bē-bián-tit ē éng-khí khùn-jiáu. Kin-kì sam-koân hun-li̍p ê goân-chek, hêng-chèng-koân bē-sái chè-tēng hoat-lu̍t (li̍p-hoat-koân), mā bô chu-keh khì chò hoat-lu̍t ê kái-soeh (su-hoat-koân), hêng-chèng-koân kan-taⁿ ū chip-hêng hoat-lu̍t ê koân. Si̍t-bū-siōng sam-koân hun-li̍p tī chiaⁿ chē kok-ka pēng bō chiat kah chin chám-choe̍h, khah cheng-chó͘ thang jīn-chhut hêng-chèng-koân ê siōng-teng, sī hêng-chèng-koân ê toā-thâu-lâng, chit-ê thâu-lâng, í chóng-thóng-chè ê kok-ka lâi khoàⁿ, tō sī chí chóng-thóng.\n\nTī loē-koh-chè ê kok-ka--ni̍h, hêng-chèng-koân ê toā-thâu-lâng sù-siông tō sī li̍p-hoat-koân pō͘-mn̂g (kok-hoē) lāi-té siōng-toā chèng-tóng ê léng-tō-chiá, tī chit-ê chêng-hóng chi-hā, i sī cheng-chò siú-siòng khah chē. Si̍t-chè-tek ta̍k-ê kok-ka tùi hêng-chèng-koân ê thâu-lâng ê cheng-ho͘ lóng bô sio-siâng.\n\nHêng-chèng pō͘-mn̂g pún-sin lóng ē àn kong-lêng iah jīm-bū koh chò cho͘-chit ê thiah-hun, pí-lūn kàu-io̍k, kok-hông, goā-kau, keng-chè t.t. ta̍k-ê ē-chân ê cho͘-chit koh ē phah-phài thâu-lâng chú-chhî.","meta":{"title":"Hêng-chèng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1527,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1742}} -{"text":"**Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ ê gí-giân, gí-hoat, sû-lūi, pheng-im iah-sī bûn-jī hêng-sek khó-lêng ū su-iàu lán poah-kang tōa siu-kái.** \nChhiáⁿ chiam-tùi chit ê būn-tê thiam-tī thó-lūn-ia̍h kì gī-lūn. To-siā. \n\n| |\n| --- |\n| **Uetersen***Rosenstadt Uetersen* |\n| | |\n| Ki-pún chu-liāu |\n| Kok-ka: | Tek-kok |\n| Jîn-kháu: | 17.865 (2006-nî thóng-kè) |\n| Biān-chek: | 11.43 Pêng-hong kong-lí |\n| Iû-chèng phian-má: | 6 |\n| Tiān-ōe khu hō-má: | (+49) 4122 |\n| Keng-hūi-tō·: | Tang-kiⁿ09°40′Pak-kiⁿ53°41′ |\n| Khì-chhia chhia hō-pâi: | `PI` |\n|\n| tē-hong kóan-lí chiáng-koaⁿ pō· |\n| Chhī-tiúⁿ: | Andrea Hansen (2009-nî) |\n| Tōe-chí: | Wassermühlenstr. 7 25436 Uetersen |\n| |\n\nMuseum Uetersen\n**Uetersen** (Kok-chè Im-phiau:ˈyːtɐzən) sī chi̍t-ê chhoan-chng tī tang-lâm Tek-kok. Uetersen-chhi sī Hamburg hêng-chèng-khu ê siú-to·, pēng-chhiáⁿ ū 17865 ui ki-bîn. Kai-tē ū mô·-phôe kah phôe-kek chè-phín kang-chhiúⁿ.\n\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:Uetersen*** |","meta":{"title":"Uetersen","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[421,846,0.49763593380614657],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1106}} -{"text":"**Lâm-to͘ Iā-khek** (南都夜曲), sī Tâi-oân chhut-miâ--ê chok-sû-chiá Tân Ta̍t-jû (陳達儒) kap chok-khek-ka Tân Chhiu-lîm (陳秋霖) ê Tâi-oân Hō-ló-oē koa-khek. Chit koa tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi Chiau-hô (昭和) 13 nî (1938 nî) siá--chhut, pún-miâ **Lâm-kiaⁿ Iā-khek** (南京夜曲), kóng-tio̍h Tiong-kok Lâm-kiaⁿ chi̍t ūi ian-hoe-lú (煙花女) ê pi-ai. Jī-chhù tāi-chiàn liáu-āu, Tâi-oân hō͘ Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok kok-bîn chèng-hú chiap-siu (接收), thiaⁿ-kóng ū chi̍t miâ koaⁿ-oân tiaⁿ che āu, chhai-gî (猜疑) *Lâm-kiaⁿ Iā-khek* ū àm-chí Ji̍t-pún ê ka-lé chèng-khoân (傀儡政權) Lâm-kiaⁿ kok-bîn chèng-hú, chhe lâng pò-ti Tân Ta̍t-jû, i sò͘-siông kín-sīn (謹慎) giân-hêng, tio̍h kā \"Lâm-kiaⁿ\" kái-choè \"Lâm-to͘\" (南都), Hú-siâⁿ Tâi-lâm ê ngá-chheng (雅稱). Koa-sû lāi Lâm-kiaⁿ ê hong-thó͘, jû Chîn-hoâi (秦淮) kang-chúi, Chí-kim-soaⁿ (紫金山) téng, iā kā kái chò An-pêng-káng, tang-pêng-soaⁿ téng Tâi-lâm ê kéng.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* *精選臺灣歌謠* (Cheng-soán Tâi-oân Koa-iâu)\n\nKoan-liân bûn-chiuⁿ\n-------------------\n\n* Lâm-to͘\n* Lâm-kiaⁿ\n* Tân Ta̍t-jû\n* An-pêng Tui-sióng-khek (安平追想曲)","meta":{"title":"Lâm-to͘ Iā-khek","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[102,997,0.10230692076228685],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1196}} -{"text":"1920 nî Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn Thài-ngá-cho̍k léng-siù Losing Watan tī Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú I-ha̍k Choan-bûn Ha̍k-hāu.\n1919 nî Tâi-oân Ji̍t-ji̍t Sin-pò ê \"I-ha̍k Choan-bûn Ha̍k-hāu iá-kiû-thoân lâm-hā\" bûn-chiuⁿ pò-tō ū nn̄g ūi pún-tó-lâng tàu-tīn chiân-óng Ko-hiông.\n**Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú I-ha̍k-hāu** (台灣總督府醫學校; chit-má ê Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k I-ha̍k-īⁿ) tī Bêng-tī 32 nî (1898 nî) sêng-li̍p, sī Tâi-oân le̍k-sú siōng tē-it só͘ chèng-kui ê i-ha̍k-īⁿ.\n\nChhòng-li̍p\n-----------\n\nBêng-tī 28 nî (1895 nî) 6 goe̍h, Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú tī kí-hêng \"Sí-chèng-sek\" liáu-āu ê tē-4 kang, chiū tī Tâi-pak Toā-tiūⁿ-tiâⁿ chhòng-pān \"Tāi Ji̍t-pún Tâi-oân Pēⁿ-īⁿ\" (大日本台灣病院), ùi Ji̍t-pún phài-lâi i-seng 10 ūi, io̍h-su 9 ūi, khan-hō͘-su 20 ūi. 1897 nî 4 goe̍h, Tâi-oân Pēⁿ-īⁿ īⁿ-tiúⁿ Yamaguti Hidetaka tī īⁿ-lāi chhòng-pān **I-ha̍k Káng-si̍p-só͘** (醫學講習所), mā hō-chò **Thó͘-jîn I-su Ióng-sêng-só͘** (土人醫師養成所), í pôe-ióng Tâi-oân pún-tē ê i-su ûi bo̍k-tek. 1898 nî 3 goe̍h chóng-tok Kodama Gentarô khí-iōng chân-jīm ōe-seng-kio̍k-tiúⁿ ê Gotō Shinpei chhut-jīm Bîn-chèng Tióng-koaⁿ liáu-āu, tī Bêng-tī 30 nî (1899 nî) 3 goe̍h chhòng-li̍p Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú I-ha̍k-hāu. 1899 nî 4 goe̍h 1 hō, Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú I-ha̍k-hāu kí-hêng \"Khai-hāu-sek\", siú-jīm hāu-tiúⁿ sī Yamaguchi Hidetaka.\n\n*Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú I-ha̍k-hāu Kui-chek* ê tē-it tiâu chiū khai-chong-bêng-gī soat-bêng chú-chí:\n\nTâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú I-ha̍k-hāu sī iû Tâi-oân Chóng-tok ti̍t-chiap koán-lí, ha̍k-chè kui-tēng siu-gia̍p nî-hān 4 tang, ū-kho 1 tang, su-iàu keng-kòe 5 tang chiah e-sái pit-gia̍p, peng chiau-khò 70 miâ ha̍k-seng.\n\nHoat-tián\n---------\n\nBêng-tī 42 nî (1909 nî) 4 goe̍h, Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú I-ha̍k-hāu ê hāu-iú sêng-li̍p \"Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú I-ha̍k-hāu Hāu-iú-hōe\". Lo̍h-bóe, Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú I-ha̍k-hāu le̍k-keng **Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú I-ha̍k Choan-bûn Ha̍k-hāu** (台灣總督府醫學專門學校; 1919 nî), **Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Tâi-pak I-ha̍k Choan-bûn Ha̍k-hāu** (台灣總督府台北醫學專門學校; 1922 nî; Tâi-pak I-choan) téng-téng kai-toāⁿ. 1936 nî, Tâi-pak Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k chèng-sek sêng-li̍p i-ha̍k-pō͘, Tâi-pak I-choan pēng-ji̍p Tâi-pak Tè-tāi, kái chò **Tâi-pak Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k Hù-sio̍k I-ha̍k Choan-bûn-pō͘**, kî-kan lóng-chóng pôe-ióng liáu 1888 ūi Tâi-oân-lâng i-su, kî-tiong kè-sio̍k chhiam-chō chiá ū 212 lâng.\n\nTē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn liáu-āu, Tâi-pak Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k pī Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Kok-bîn Chèng-hú chiap-siu. 1945 nî 11 goe̍h 15 hō oân-sêng chiap-siu. 1945 nî 12 goe̍h, Kok-hú Hêng-chèng-īⁿ sêng-li̍p Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k, hù-sio̍k i-ha̍k choan-bûn-pō͘ pī Lô Chong-lo̍k tāi-lí hāu-tiúⁿ hùi-tû, 1944 nî kap 1945 nî ji̍p-ha̍k ê chāi-hāu-seng pī choán-óng Tâi-pak Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k ū-kho kái chò ê Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k sian-siu-pan siu-gia̍p chi̍t nî, sian-siu-pan pit-gia̍p liáu-āu ti̍t-seng Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k I-ha̍k-īⁿ I-pún-kho.\n\n1946 nî, Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k sian-siu-pan kap i-pún-kho, bô-hoat-tō͘ chiap-la̍p ùi Ji̍t-pún pún-thó͘ kap kî-thaⁿ si̍t-bîn-tē, niá-tē ê i-ha̍k choan-bûn ha̍k-hāu tńg-lâi Tâi-oân ê chē-chē ha̍k-seng. Lô Chong-lo̍k tāi-lí hāu-tiúⁿ sêng-li̍p **Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k Lîm-sî I-ha̍k Choan-siu-kho** (國立台灣大學臨時醫學專修科; Lîm-sî I-choan) thê-kiong in oân-sêng ha̍k-gia̍p. 1944 nî kap 1945 nî ji̍p-ha̍k ê Tâi-pak I-choan ha̍k-seng, tī 1946 nî sian-siu-pan pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, tû-liáu ti̍t-seng I-pún-kho ia̍h choán-óng kî-thaⁿ ha̍k-īⁿ tha̍k pún-kho, mā ē-tàng soán-te̍k chìn-ji̍p Lîm-sî I-choan. 1947 nî, Lio̍k Chì-hông hāu-tiúⁿ sio̍k-pān sian-siu-pan kap lîm-sî i-choan. 1948 nî, chòe-āu chi̍t kài sian-siu-pan tī Chng Tiông-kiong hāu-tiúⁿ jīm-lāi pit-gia̍p, thêng-pān; lîm-sî i-choan siu-jiân lóng bô chiau-siu sin ha̍k-seng, chāi-ha̍k-seng iu-goân ē-tàng kè-sio̍k siōng-khò. 1950 nî, Pò͘ Su-liân hāu-tiúⁿ jīm-lāi, chòe-āu chi̍t kài lîm-sî i-choan ha̍k-seng pit-gia̍p, lîm-sî i-choan kiâⁿ-ji̍p le̍k-sú.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Lī-kio̍k | Chóng-tok-koan-pông · Bîn-chèng-pō͘ · Kun-bū-kio̍k · Châi-bū-kio̍k · Si̍t-sán-kio̍k · Si̍t-niû-kio̍k · Thong-sìn-kio̍k · Tho͘-bo̍k-kio̍k · Lāi-bū-kio̍k · Bûn-kàu-kio̍k · Hoat-bū-kio̍k | |\n| |\n| Goā-kio̍k | Kau-thong-kio̍k (Thih-tō-pō͘ · Tē-sìn-pō͘) · Choan-bē-kio̍k · Kéng-chhat · Hoat-īⁿ · Tē-hng ki-koan |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | Chóng-tok-hú-pò · I-ha̍k-hāu · Chóng-tok Koaⁿ-tí |\n| |\n| Tâi-oân Chóng-tok · Chóng-bū Tióng-koaⁿ · Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú ê jîn-bu̍t |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú I-ha̍k-hāu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[514,4314,0.11914696337505795],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5110}} -{"text":"Kiô-á-thâu Kang-tiûⁿ ê sū-bū-só͘\n**Tâi-oân Chè-thn̂g Tu-sek Hōe-siā** (臺灣製糖株式會社), kán-chheng **Tâi-thn̂g** (臺糖), sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi iû Sam-chéⁿ Châi-hoa̍t chhòng-li̍p ê chè-thn̂g hōe-siā; kai hōe-siā kiàn-chō liáu Tâi-oân tē-it chō sin-sek thn̂g-chhiúⁿ Kiô-á-thâu Kang-tiûⁿ, ē-tàng kóng sī Tâi-oân sin-sek chè-thn̂g ê sí-chó͘. I kî-hā ê A-kâu Kang-tiûⁿ bat in-ūi ko sán-lêng pī hō-chò \"Tâi-oân chè-thn̂g ê Sin-ko-san\", pēng tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi bóe-kî chiáng-ak Chan-bûn-khe í lâm ê só͘-ū chè-thn̂g-só͘ kap goân-liāu khu. Chiàn-āu, Tâi-oân Chè-thn̂g tī Tâi-oân ê chu-sán hām Tāi Ji̍t-pún Chè-thn̂g, Bêng-tī Chè-thn̂g, Kiâm-chui-káng Chè-thn̂g ê chāi Tâi chu-sán lóng-chóng pèng-ji̍p Tâi-oân Thn̂g-gia̍p Kong-si; ah tī Ji̍t-pún lāi-tē ê chu-sán iû **Tâi-thn̂g Tu-sek Hōe-siā** (台糖株式會社) kè-sêng, ti̍t-kàu 2005 nî 4 goe̍h hām Sin Sam-chéⁿ Chè-thn̂g Tu-sek Hōe-siā kap Tu-sek Hōe-siā KS ha̍p-pèng sêng-li̍p Sam-chéⁿ Chè-thn̂g.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Chè-thn̂g","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,945,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1083}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Pêng-ho̍k-keng pe̍h-hoe-chhài |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n| *Cleome rutidosperma* |\n|\n|\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Plantae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Bo̍k: | Brassicales |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho: | Capparaceae |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Sio̍k: | Cleome |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Chéng: | ***C. rutidosperma*** |\n|\n\n |\n| Ha̍k-miâ |\n| ***Cleome rutidosperma*** |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n**Pêng-ho̍k-keng pe̍h-hoe-chhài** (Hàn-jī: 平伏莖白花菜, ha̍k-miâ: *Cleome rutidosperma*) kui-sio̍k-tī Pe̍h-hoe-chhài-kho (Capparaceae), sī chi̍t-nî-seng chháu-pún si̍t-bu̍t. I tī Tâi-oân ê tē-1-chhùi hoat-hiān kì-lo̍k sī 1979 nî Koeh Tiông-seng (郭長生) kàu-siū tī Sêng-kong Tāi-ha̍k hoat-hiān, só·-í tī Tâi-oân koh kiò-chò **sêng-kong pe̍h-hoe-chhài** (成功白花菜). Hun-pò· tī tiong-pō· kap lâm-pō· ê pêⁿ-tē kàu kē hái-poa̍t soaⁿ-khu, seng-tióng tī lō·-piⁿ, pha-hng-tē, kap chhân-hn̂g. I ê hio̍h-á sī Tâi-oân bûn-pe̍h-tia̍p, bûn-pe̍h-tia̍p, o·-tiám-hún-tia̍p, kap pat-tiông-san hún-tia̍p iù-thâng ê si̍t-chháu. \n\nI kah-ì kui-kang ū-ji̍t ê khoân-kéng, kui-tang lóng-ū khui-hoe. \n\nCleome rutidosperma\n\nHêng-thài\n---------\n\nKeng ū chiòng-koàn lêng-chiah (縱稜), phoē se-se lang-lang ê mo·. \n\nHióh-á sī hō·-seⁿ, saⁿ-chhut ho̍k-hióh; sió-hióh lêng-kak-hêng he̍k thó-îⁿ-hêng, siang-bīn phoē se-sàm ê iù-mo·.\n\nHoe sī chiáⁿ chí-sek he̍k hún-âng-sek, hoe-hióh 4 phìⁿ ko·-chi̍t-pêng, hoe khoah ū-kàu 15 mm; hoe ū tn̂g hoe-pèⁿ, ùi hió-á-pèⁿ ê koh-ē-lang hoat-chhut, chi̍t-tah kan-taⁿ hoat 1 ki hoe. \n\nKoé-chí sī soàⁿ-tiâu-hêng ê sok-kó, ū chiòng-koàn ê bûn-me̍h.","meta":{"title":"Pêng-ho̍k-keng pe̍h-hoe-chhài","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[217,1355,0.16014760147601476],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1760}} -{"text":"Pêng-thâm Chong-ha̍p Si̍t-giām-khu Thâm-siâⁿ-tìn\n**Hok-kiàn-séng Pêng-thâm Chong-ha̍p Si̍t-giām-khu** (福建省平潭綜合實驗區), kán-chheng **Pêng-thâm Si̍t-giām-khu**, sī Hok-kiàn-séng hā-sio̍k ê chi̍t ê chong-ha̍p si̍t-giām-khu, ūi-tī Hok-kiàn-séng Hok-chiu-chhī Pêng-thâm-koān.\n\n2009 nî 7 goe̍h, Hok-chiu-chhī Jîn-bîn Chèng-hú tī Pêng-thâm-koān siat-li̍p Pêng-thâm Chong-ha̍p Si̍t-giām-khu. 2012 nî, kái-miâ chò Hok-kiàn-séng Pêng-thâm Chong-ha̍p Si̍t-giām-khu. 2013 nî 7 goe̍h, Pêng-thâm Si̍t-giām-khu chhú-tit hêng-sú siat-khu-chhī ê koán-lí koân-hān, put-chài sī Hok-chiu-chhī Chèng-hú ê hā-sio̍k ki-kò͘, kái iû Hok-kiàn-séng Chèng-hú ti̍t-sio̍k.\n\nPêng-thâm sī iû 126 ê tó-sū cho͘-sêng ê, chú-tó Hái-tân-tó ê bīn-chek ū 271 pêng-hong kong-lí, sī choân-kok tē-gō͘ toā tó-sū, mā sī kī-lī Tâi-oân siōng-kīn ê lio̍k-tē. 2009 nî 5 goe̍h 14 hō, Kok-bū-īⁿ chèng-sek hā-hoat Koan-î Chi-chhî Hok-kiàn-séng Ka-khoài Kiàn-siat Hái-kiap Se-hoāⁿ Keng-chè-khu tek Jio̍k-kan Ì-kiàn, Hái-se Keng-chè Te̍k-khu kiàn-siat ùi khu-he̍k chiàn-lio̍k chiūⁿ-seng chiâⁿ-chò kok-ka chiàn-lio̍k. Kāng-nî 7 goe̍h té chiau-khai ê Hok-kiàn Séng-úi Pat-kài Lio̍k-chhù Choân-hōe téng chèng-sek chò-chhut siat-li̍p Hok-chiu (Pêng-thâm) Chong-ha̍p Si̍t-giām-khu ê koat-tēng, kiàn-li̍p lióng-hoāⁿ kēng-ka kín-bi̍t ha̍p-chok kau-liû ê khu-he̍k pêng-tâi, koat-gī kā Pêng-thâm kaìn-siat chiâⁿ-chò thàm-soh Lióng-hoāⁿ ha̍p-chok sin bô͘-sek ê sī-hoān-khu.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n2009 nî , Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Kok-bū-īⁿ hoat-piáu liáu Koan-î Chi-chhî Hok-kiàn-séng Ka-khoài Kiàn-siat Hái-kiap Se-hoāⁿ Keng-chè-khu tek Jio̍k-kan Ì-kiàn, sûi-āu tī Hok-kiàn Séng-úi八Pat-kài Lio̍k-chhù-hōe soan-pò͘ Pêng-thâm Chong-ha̍p Si̍t-giām-khu chèng-sek sêng-li̍p. Kok-bū-īⁿ chóng-lí Un Ka-pó tī Cha̍p-it-kài Choân-kok Jîn-tāi Ngó͘-chhù Hōe-gī téng chò chèng-hú kang-chok pò-kò sî chí-chhut, ài choân-bīn chhim-hoà keng-chè kim-iông ha̍p-chok, thui-tōng Lióng-hoāⁿ keng-chè ha̍p-chok kheng-kè hia̍p-gī āu-sio̍k siong-tâm chhú-tit sin chìn-tián; ka-khoài Hái-se Keng-chè-khu kiàn-siat; chek-ke̍k khok-tāi kok-kài óng-lâi, khai-tián bûn-hoà, kàu-io̍k ê kau-liû. Lo̍h-bóe Hok-kiàn tùi Pêng-thâm tâu-chu ta̍k-nî cheng-tióng, iû 2010 nî ê 100-ek îⁿ Jîn-bîn-pè kàu 2011 nî ê 303-ek îⁿ, Si̍p-jī-ngó͘ kui-ōe kî-kan koh ta̍t-tiò 2500-ek îⁿ ê kui-bô͘.","meta":{"title":"Pêng-thâm Chong-ha̍p Si̍t-giām-khu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2306,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2603}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân Chhùi-chhiⁿ** sī Tīⁿ Jî-gio̍k siá-ê si. 1988 nî Siau Thài-jiân thè i chok-khek, āu-·lâi koh kā an-pâi tī i-ê *1947 Sū-khek* chò siu-bé ê tōa-ha̍p-chhiùⁿ. Chit-tè koa tī Tâi-oân to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng chin ū tē-ūi, chiâⁿ-chōe-lâng kā tòng-chò sim-ba̍k tiong Tâi-oân-kok ê kok-koa.\n\nLōe-iông\n--------\n\nThài-pêng-iûⁿ se-lâm hái-piⁿ, bí-lē-tó Tâi-oân chhùi-chhiⁿ.\nChá-chêng hō͘ gōa-pang thóng-tī, kiàn-kok taⁿ teh chhut-thâu-thiⁿ.\nKiōng-hô-kok hiàn-hoat ê ki-chhó͘, sù cho̍k-kûn pêng-téng saⁿ hia̍p-chō͘.\nJîn-lūi bûn-hòa, sè-kài hô-pêng, kok-bîn hiòng-chêng kòng-hiàn châi-lêng.\nChoè goân-thâu Siōng-tè chhòng-chō, bí-lē-tó Tâi-oân choè-hó.\nSiúⁿ-sù hō͘ chó͘-sian khiā-khí, kiàn-kok taⁿ Siōng-chú liap-lí.\nChú Ki-tok kok-ka ê kun-ông, lí-sióng-pang bo̍k-phiau ê kià-bōng.\nLán beh kiàn-siat jîn-ài kong-gī, chó͘-kok moá-toē chhin-chhiūⁿ tī thiⁿ. (A-men.)\n\nPán-pún ê cheng-chha\n--------------------\n\n* Tē-2-chat sī kaù-hoē-pán chiah ū --ê.\n* Tē-3-kù ê \"hō͘\", pún-toé chiàu Tâi-gú hàn-jī tha̍k sī \"siū\", Tīⁿ Jî-gio̍k jīn-ûi tī chhiùⁿ-koa ê sî-chūn chhiùⁿ \"hō͘\" khah hó.\n* Tē-4-kù ê \"kiàn-kok\" goân-tóe sī \"to̍k-li̍p\", āu-·lâi Tīⁿ Jî-gio̍k chiah kā kái-chò \"kiàn-kok\".\n* Tē-11-kù ê \"chó͘-sian\", pún-toé sī \"chó͘-kong\".\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Tâi-oân Chhùi-chhiⁿ*** |\n\n1. Kòng-thûi-phó͘ kap MP3\n2. Hiû San-hiùng kā i hoan-e̍k chò Hak-fa\n3. Lâi chhiùⁿ lán ê kok-koa -- Tâi-oân Chhùi-chhiⁿ, ū to̍k-chhiùⁿ kap ha̍p-chhiùⁿ.\n4. kaù-hoē-pán, ū 2 chat.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Chhùi-chhiⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[554,1448,0.3825966850828729],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1759}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân Chhiú-gí/ Chhiú-gú （Eng-gú：Taiwan Sign Language）** sī chú-iàu tī Tâi-oân thong-hêng ê chhiú-gí. Tâi-oân chhiú-gí ē-tàng tāi-khài khu-hun pak-pō͘ kap lâm-po͘ ê hong-giân, in kò-pia̍t hoán-èng Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi nn̄g keng a lông-a ha̍k-hāu só͘ kà Tang-kiaⁿ-sek kap Tāi-pán-sek Ji̍t-pún Chhiú-gí. Tâi-oân Chhiú-gí kap Ji̍t-pún Chhiú-gí tāi-khài ū 60 pha-sén sû-lūi sio-thong.\n\nTâi-oân chhiú-gí lēng-gōa chi̍t hong-bīn, te̍k-pia̍t sī sû-lūi ê pō͘-hūn, mā siū chiàn-āu thoân--kòe ê Tiong-kok Chhiú-gí éng-hióng.\n\n2018 nî 12 goe̍h 25 hō,《Kok-ka Gí-giân/Gú-giân Hoat-tián Hoat》li̍p-hoat kong-pò͘, Tâi-oân Chhiú-gí/ Chhiú-gú mā lia̍t-ji̍p Tâi-oân ê Kok-ka Gí-giân/ Gú-giân.\n\nKán-kài\n-------\n\nJi̍t-pún sî-tāi, Ji̍t-pún tī Tâi-pak, Tâi-lâm siat-li̍p Im-a (é-kháu) ha̍k-hāu. Tâi-pak sī \"Ba̍k-chhun Bông-A Kàu-io̍k-só͘\", sī chi̍t-ê thòe-hiu ê hái-kun i-koaⁿ Ba̍k-chhun Kín-Ngô͘ tī 1889 nî só͘ chhòng-pān. Tâi-lâm ū \"Su-li̍p Tâi-lâm Bông-A Ha̍k-hāu\", sio̍k-tī chû-siān ki-kò͘ Chû-hūi Īⁿ, lāi-pō͘ ū \"Lông-A Pō͘\", chian-sin sī Eng-kok soan-kàu-su Kam Ûi-lîm tī 1889 nî siat-li̍p ê Hùn-Bông Īⁿ, tī 1915 nî kái chheng-chò Bông-A Ha̍k-hāu. Che 2 keng ha̍k-hāu iōng chhiú-gí kàu-ha̍k, hō͘ Ji̍t-pún chhiú-gí phó͘-ki̍p tī Tâi-oân ê thiaⁿ-chiòng jîn-sū tiong-kan. Bêng-tī sî-kî kàu-io̍k hong-hoat hun-chò Tang-kiaⁿ kap Tāi-pán 2 tōa phài, Tang-kiaⁿ phài ê ha̍k-chiá tī pak-pō͘, Tāi-pán phài ê ha̍k-chiá tī tiong-lâm-pō͘.\n\nChiàn-āu ê thiaⁿ-chiòng kàu-io̍k tōa-liōng sú-iōng ùi Tiong-kok lâi ê chhiú-gí. In-ūi Tiong-kok ê su-chu tāi-to-sò͘ lâu-tī pak-pō͘, só͘-í Tâi-pak Khé-chhong Ha̍k-hāu sú-iōng chin-chōe Tiong-kok ê chhiú-gí sû, Tâi-lâm Khé-chhong Ha̍k-hāu kap Tâi-tiong hun-hāu tō khah chió siū-tio̍h éng-hióng. Tiong-kok su-chu ùi Pak-kiaⁿ, Lâm-kiaⁿ, Siōng-hái, Tiōng-khèng, Hâng-chiu téng-téng só͘-chāi, só͘ iōng ê chhiú-gí tāi-khài chha bô jōa-chōe.\n\nTâi-oân Chhiú-gí/ Chhiú-gú ê Hun-lūi\n------------------------------------\n\n### Chū-jiân Chhiú-gí/ Chhiú-gú\n\nChū-jiân Chhiú-gí/ Chhiú-gú sī lông-jîn ê bó-gú, gú-hoat kap thiaⁿ-jîn (chí ōe-tàng thiaⁿ-tio̍h siaⁿ-im kong-ōe ê lâng) koàn-sè sú-iōng ê kháu-gí gú-hoat hui-siông bô kâng, sī iōng chhiú-sè, chu-sè kap piáu-chêng só͘ cho͘-sêng--ê.\n\n* **Pak-pō͘ Chhiú-gí**：Ùi Tang-kiaⁿ hē-thóng lâi ê Ji̍t-pún Chhiú-gí kap Tiong-kok Chhiú-gí\n* **Tiong-pō͘ Chhiú-gí**：Tāi-pō͘-hūn lâi-chū Lâm-pō͘ Chhiú-gí\n* **Lâm-pō͘ Chhiú-gí**：Ùi Tāi-pán hē-thóng lâi ê Ji̍t-pún Chhiú-gí kap chi̍t-pō͘-hūn ê Tiong-kok Chhiú-gí\n\nChham-chiàu\n-----------\n\n* Susan Fischer & Qunhu Gong (2010). \"Variation in East Asian sign language structures\". Chū Diane Brentari. *Sign Languages*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-71301-9. CS1 pó-ióng: Ēng authors chham-sò͘ (link)\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Tâi-oân ê giân-gí |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Lâm-tó | \n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Tâi-oân [en] | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Atayal [en] | \n* Atayal-gí [en]\n* Seediq-gí\n\t+ Truku-gí\n* Hân-khe-gí [en]\n\n |\n| |\n| Rukai | \n* Rukai-gí\n\n |\n| |\n| Pak Tâi-oân [en] | \n* Babuza-gí [en]\n\t+ Favorlang-gí\n* Hoanya [en]\n\t+ Arikun [en]\n\t+ Lloa [en]\n* Pazeh-gí [en]\n\t+ Kaxabu-gí\n\t+ Kulon-gí\n* Saisiyat-gí [en]\n* Taokas-gí\n* Thao-gí [en]\n\n |\n| |\n| Tang Tâi-oân [en] | \n* Amis-gí\n* Kavalan-gí [en]\n* Ketagalan-gí [en]\n\t+ Basay-gí [en]\n\t+ Luilang-gí\n* Makatao-gí\n* Qauqaut-gí\n* Sakizaya-gí\n* Siraya-gí\n* Tevorang-gí\n\n |\n| |\n| Lâm Tâi-oân | \n* Bunun-gí\n* Paiwan-gí\n* Puyuma-gí [en]\n\n |\n| |\n| Tsou | \n* Kanakanavu-gí\n* Saaroa-gí [en]\n* Tsou-gí\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Má-lâi Polynesia [en] | \n* Tao-gí\n\n |\n\n | Tâi-oân giân-gíTâi-oân giân-gí |\n| |\n| Hàn-Chōng | \n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Hàn-gí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Koaⁿ-oē | \n* Kok-gí\n* Kun-ka-oē [en]\n\n |\n| |\n| Bân-gí | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Bân-lâm-gí | \n* Tâi-gí\n* Tiô-chiu-oē\n\n |\n| |\n| Bân-tang-gí | \n* Hok-chiu-gí\n\t+ Má-chó͘-oē [en]\n\n |\n| |\n| Phô͘-sian-gí | \n* Phô͘-chhân-oē\n\t+ O͘-khiu-oē [zh]\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Kheh-ka-gí | \n* Tâi-oân Kheh-ka-gí\n\t+ Sì-koān Kheh-ka-gí [en]\n\t+ Hái-lio̍k Kheh-ka-gí [en]\n\t+ Toā-po͘ Kheh-ka-gí\n\t+ Jiâu-pêng Kheh-ka-gí [en]\n\t+ Chiàu-an Kheh-ka-gí [zh]\n\n |\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| Hú-chō͘ | \n* Tâi-oân Chhiú-gí\n* Tâi-oân Phòng-jī [en]\n\n |\n| |\n| Kî-thaⁿ | \n* Eng-gí\n* Oa̍t-gí\n* Ngô͘-gí\n\t+ Siōng-hái-oē\n* Hui-li̍p-pin-gí\n* Ji̍t-pún-gí\n* Hân-kok-gí\n* Má-lâi-gí\n\t+ Má-lâi-se-a-gí\n\t+ Ìn-nî-gí\n* Thài-gí\n* Oa̍t-lâm-gí\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Chhiú-gí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1521,3691,0.41208344622053644],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5574}} -{"text":"\"x ê pêng-hong-kin\" ê sò͘-ha̍k piáu-ta̍t hong-sek\nTī sò͘-ha̍k siōng, sò͘-ba̍k *a* ê **pêng-hong-kin** (平方根) sī *y*, ah *y* 2 = *a*. Iā tio̍h sī kóng, sò͘-ba̍k *y* ê pêng-hong téng-î *a*. Pí-lūn kóng, 4 hām -4 lóng sī 16 ê pêng-hong-kin, in-ūi 42 = (−4)2 = 16. Só͘-ū hui-hū-sò͘ ê si̍t-sò͘ lóng ū chi̍t ê te̍k-tēng ê hui-hū-sò͘ pêng-hong-kin, hō-chò *chú-pêng-hong-kin* (主平方根), siá chò √*a*; kî-tiong √ chit-ê hû-hō hō-chò kin-hō. Pí-lūn kóng, 9 ê chú-pêng-hong-kin sī 3, siá chò √9 = 3, in-ūi 32 = 3 · 3 = 9, ah 3 sī hui-hū-sò͘.\n\nSó͘-ū chiàⁿ-sò͘ lóng ū 2 ê pêng-hong-kin: √*a* hām −√*a*, mā ē-tàng chò-hóe siá chò ±√*a* (khòaⁿ chiàⁿ-hū-hō). Sui-jiân chú-pêng-hong-kin chí sī kî-tiong chi̍t ê pêng-hong-kin, m̄-koh it-poaⁿ \"pêng-hong-kin\" tio̍h sī teh kóng *chú-pêng-hong-kin*. Chiàⁿ-sò͘ *a* ê chú-pêng-hong-kin mā ē-tàng siá chò be̍k ūn-sǹg *a*1/2.\n\nHū-sò͘ ê pêng-hong-kin sī ho̍k-cha̍p-sò͘ thó-lūn ê hoān-ûi.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Zill, Dennis G.; Shanahan, Patrick (2008). *A First Course in Complex Analysis With Applications* (2nd pán.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 78. ISBN 0-7637-5772-1. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2016-09-01.  Extract of page 78 Archived 2016-09-01 at the Wayback Machine.","meta":{"title":"Pêng-hong-kin","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[239,1142,0.20928196147110334],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1381}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân Bûn-gē-ka Hia̍p-hōe** (台灣文藝家協會), 1939 nî 12 goe̍h 4 hō, iû Tâi-oân Si-jîn Hia̍p-hōe kái-cho͘, tī Tâi-pak sêng-li̍p. Hōe-oân chóng-kiōng 62 lâng, iû N̂g Tek-sî kap Se-chhoan Boán chò tiû-pī úi-oân. Hit-sî chham-ú ê Tâi-oân chok-ka ū Ông Io̍k-lîm, Ông Phek-chiau, Koeh Chúi-thâm, Khu Sûn-kong, Khu Éng-hàn, N̂g Tek-sî, Ngô͘ Sin-êng, Chiu Kim-pho, Chng Pôe-chho͘, Tiuⁿ Bûn-khoân, Iûⁿ Chhì-chhiong, Iûⁿ Hûn-phêng, Nâ Ìm-téng, Lêng Eng-chong, Lîm Hong-liân kap Lîm Bōng-liông téng lâng. Keh-nî ê 1 goe̍h chhe 1, hia̍p-hōe ê ki-koan cha̍p-chì Bûn-gē Tâi-oân chhòng-khan, iû Ji̍t-pún chok-ka Se-chhoan Boán tam-jīm chú-pian kiam hoat-hêng-jîn. 1941 nî 2 goe̍h hoat-hêng 2 kǹg 1 hō liáu-āu, hia̍p-hōe ūi-tio̍h beh phòe-ha̍p Ji̍t-pún tè-kok-chú-gī ê soan-thoân kap hiáng-èng hông-bîn-hòa ūn-tōng lâi kái-cho͘, hōe-tiúⁿ sī Tâi-pak Tè-tāi kàu-siū Sú-iá Hong-jîn, sū-bū cho͘-tiúⁿ sī Se-chhoan Boán. Kái-cho͘ āu, Se-chhoan Boán lēng-gōa tiû-cho͘ Bûn-gē Tâi-oân Siā, Bûn-gē Tâi-oân mā kái iû Bûn-gē Tâi-oân Siā hoat-hêng, hia̍p-hōe hêng-tông kái-sàn. Bóe-á, Bûn-gē Tâi-oân si̍t-chè-siōng chiâⁿ-chò Se-chhoan Boán chi̍t chhiú chú-tō ê cha̍p-chì, pī sok-chō chò Ji̍t-pún-lâng gōa-tē bûn-ha̍k ê siòng-teng, í lōng-bān kap iu-bí ê gē-su̍t chì-siōng chú-gī ûi-chú.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Bûn-gē-ka Hia̍p-hōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1232,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1415}} -{"text":"1945 nî liáu-āu ê Tâi-oân tē-hng kái-chè tiong, 12 ê chhī kap 30 ê koān ê io̍k-lio̍k ūi-tì.\n\n***Tâi-oân Chiap-koán Kè-ōe Kong-iàu Tē-hng Kái-chè*** (臺灣接管計劃綱要地方政制) sī chiam-tùi Tâi-oân tī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn liáu-āu ê hêng-chèng-khu kè-ōe ê chi̍t hūn chhó-àn. Che sī *Tâi-oân Chiap-koán Kong-iàu* ê kî-tiong chi̍t pō͘-hūn, tī 1945 nî 3 goe̍h chèng-sek thong-kòe. I-ê lōe-iông chú-iàu sī kā Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi kū-chè ê 5 ê chiu (州), 3 ê thiaⁿ (廳) kap 9 ê chhī (市) kái-chè chò 11 ê chhī (市), 9 ê it-kip koān (縣), 18 ê jī-kip koān kap 3 ê saⁿ-kip koān, koh kā chi̍t-koá tong-kio̍k jīn-ûi \"bô-hó-sè\" ê tē-miâ hō sin miâ. Lēng-goā, che mā chiàu-goân ēng Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê pó-kah chè-tō͘ lā ê lîm-lí (鄰里) kiàn-chè.\n\nTiong-hoâ Bîn-kok ê Tiōng-khèng Kok-bîn Chèng-hú chè-tēng thong-kòe chit-ê tē-hng kái-chè sī chiàn-chêng hoat-pò͘ ê chiap-siu Tâi-oân tiau-cha gián-kiù ê kî-tiong chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Lo̍h-bóe in-ūi chiàn-āu Tâi-oân si̍t-si kun-chèng it-goân, úi-jīm li̍p-hoat, hêng-chèng choan-chè, koh ka-siōng Tâi-oân ê si̍t-chè thóng-tī-chiá Tân Gî jīn-ûi chit-ê chè-tō͘ bô-hó-sè, só͘-í che pēng-bô chin-chiàⁿ si̍t-si kòe.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân Chiap-koán Kè-ōe Kong-iàu Tē-hng Kái-chè lāi ê tē-hng hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Chhī | Tâi-pak-chhī | Ke-lâng-chhī | Gî-lân-chhī | Sin-tek-chhī | Tâi-tiong-chhī | Chiong-hoà-chhī | Tâi-lâm-chhī | Sóng-bûn-chhī | Ko-hiông-chhī | Pîn-tong-chhī | Hoa-liân-káng-chhī | Gô͘-chhe-chhī |\n| |\n| It-kip koān | Lô-tong-koān | Chhit-chhiⁿ-koān | Tām-chúi-koān | Thô-hn̂g-koān | Oân-lîm-koān | Pak-káng-koān | Chan-bûn-koān | Iân-pêng-koān | Hōng-soaⁿ-koān |\n| |\n| Jī-kip koān | Séng-sam-koān | Tiong-le̍k-koān | Chhong-hái-koān | Tek-lâm-koān | Hok-seng-koān | Tāi-kah-koān | Hong-goân-koān | Bū-hong-koān | Lo̍k-káng-koān | Pak-táu-koān | Lâm-tâu-koān | Táu-la̍k-kūn | Chheng-hong-koān | Tang-chio̍h-koān | Pak-mn̂g-koān | Ian-têng-koān | Tang-káng-koān | Hōng-lîm-koān |\n| |\n| Saⁿ-kip koān | Hêng-chhun-koān | Phêⁿ-ô͘-koān | Tâi-tang-koān |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Chiap-koán Kè-ōe Kong-iàu Tē-hng Kái-chè","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[802,1927,0.4161909704203425],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2413}} -{"text":"**Tâi-oân Bîn-chú Tóng** (台灣民主黨) sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê chi̍t ê kéng-gōa chèng-tóng, 1932 nî iû Lîm Hûn-liân, Lâu Pang-hàn, Tēⁿ Kàm-chiu téng lâng tī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kńg-tang-séng Kńg-chiu-chhī sêng-li̍p. Chú-tiuⁿ bîn-cho̍k chū-koat kap Tâi-oân to̍k-li̍p, koh kiông-tiāu Tâi-oân ū chiâⁿ-chò to̍k-li̍p kok-ka ê chin hó ê tiâu-kiāⁿ, m̄-koh phō-chhî tio̍h kiông-lia̍t ê tōa Hàn-cho̍k su-sióng.\n\nTâi-oân Bîn-chú Tóng ê cho͘-chit tāi-kong khai-chong bêng-gī chú-tiuⁿ \"kin-kì bîn-cho̍k chū-chú cheng-sîn, thui-hoan ī-bîn-cho̍k Ji̍t-pún tè-kok-chú-gī-chiá thóng-tī, í kiàn-siat Tâi-oân Bîn-cho̍k ê bîn-chú-kok ûi bo̍k-tek.\" Tâi-oân Bîn-chú Tóng keng-iû tóng-oân tāi-hōe thui-kí 15 ūi chip-hêng úi-oân, cho͘-chit chip-hêng úi-oân-hōe, chò-ûi chèng-tóng ê chòe-ko chí-hui ki-koan. Chip-hêng úi-oân-hōe hā-hat 5 ê chhù, pau-hâm chóng-bū-chhù, soan-thoân-chhù, châi-chèng-chhù, kun-sū-chhù kap kiù-chhat-chhù téng, pān-lí kok chhù sū-bū. Lēng-gōa, siat ū kàm-chhat úi-oân-hōe chò-ûi chèng-tóng ê chòe-ko kàm-chhat ki-koan, iû 7 ūi kàm-chhat úi-oân cho͘-sêng.\n\nM̄-koh, Tâi-oân Bîn-chú Tóng sio̍k-î Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê Tâi-to̍k su-sióng, chham kin-á-ji̍t ê Tâi-to̍k su-sióng siāng tōa ê bô-kāng sī: hit-ê sî-kî ê Tâi-to̍k ūn-tōng ū kiông-lia̍t ê Hàn-cho̍k jīn-tông kap Tiong-kok su-sióng; tī chèng-tī siōng hi-bāng thàu-kòe Tâi-to̍k ê kòe-tō͘ kai-tōaⁿ lâi ta̍t-sêng hôe-kui Tiong-kok chèng-koân koán-hat ê chòe-chiong bo̍k-tek.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-oân Bîn-chú Tóng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1423,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1616}} -{"text":"**Hu-ūi goân-siú** (虛位元首) sī bô chián-ak si̍t-chè chèng-tī koân-le̍k ê kok-ka goân-siú. Hu-ūi goân-siú bô tī kok-ka chèng-tī tiong pān-ián koat-tēng-sèng ê chok-iōng, hām si̍t-koân goân-siú ê khài-liām siong-tùi. Chit-má si̍t-hêng kun-chú li̍p-hiàn chè-tō͘ ê kok-ka ê kun-chú hām gī-hōe lōe-koh chè-tō͘ tiong ê chóng-thóng tī it-poaⁿ ê chêng-hòng hā lóng sio̍k-î hu-ūi goân-siú. Chia-ê kok-ka ê si̍t-chè koân-le̍k sī chiáng-ak chāi gī-hōe kap lōe-koh ê chhiú-lāi.\n\nPut-kò hu-ūi goân-siú iu-goân sī kok-ka ê siōng-koân tāi-piáu, iā sī kok-ka thóng-it ê siōng-teng, ū-tang-sî ē chiap-thāi goā-kok chèng-iàu, chhut-sek tiōng-iàu tiûⁿ-ha̍p, pan-siū kok-ka êng-ū kap chìn-hêng kok-sū hóng-mn̄g téng-téng oa̍h-tāng. Kin-kì bô-kāng kok-ka ê chèng-tī chè-tō͘, ū-tang-sî iáu ē kin-kì kok-hōe ê koat-tēng jīm-bēng kap pà-bián chèng-hú siú-náu, kin-kì chèng-hú siú-náu ê thê-àn kái-sàn kok-hōe téng-téng lé-gî-sèng ê chèng-tī kang-chok.","meta":{"title":"Hu-ūi goân-siú","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,947,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1080}} -{"text":"\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Pún-chiuⁿ sī sio̍k-î **Ki-tok-kàu** hē-lia̍t ê chi̍t-ê pō·-hūn |\n| |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu Le̍k-sú**\nIâ-so͘ Ki-tok\nCha̍p-jī ê Sù-tô·\nTong-hong Kéng-Kàu\nTang-sai Kàu-hōe ê hun-lia̍t\nSi̍p-jī-kun ê Tang-cheng\nChong-kàu ê Kái-kek |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Sîn-ha̍k**\nKi-tok-kàu ê Chông-pài \nIn-tián · Kiù-in \nSan-siōng ê Kàu-hùn \nSi̍t-chāi ê hok-khì\nChú ê Kî-tó-bûn\nCha̍p-tiâu-kài\nSèng-lêng\nTháu-pa̍k sîn-ha̍k\n**Ki-tok-kàu ê Lé-chiat**\nSé-lé\nSèng-chhan-lé |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Sèng-keng**\nKū-iok Sèng-keng\nSin-iok Sèng-keng\nÂng-phoê Sèng-keng |\n| Ki-tok-kàu ê Cheh-ji̍t\nSèng-tàn-cheh\nSèng-tàn Ló-jîn\nKoh-oa̍h-cheh |\n| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Kàu-phài**\nTang-chèng-kàu\nThian-chú-kàu\nIâ-so·-hōe\nTō-bêng-hōe\nKi-tok-sin-kàu\nBí-kok Kong-lí-hōe\nBí-kok Kui-chèng Kàu-hōe\nEng-kok Kok-kàu\nAn-hioh-ji̍t Hōe\nTâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hoē\nGō·-sûn-chat Kàu-phài\nSù-tô·-sìn-sim-hoē \nSîn-tiàu-hōe\nSîn ê Kàu-hoē\nChin Iâ-so· Kàu-hōe\n**Siū chèng-thóng kàu-hōe kheh-che̍h**\nIâ-hô-hoa Kiàn-chèng-jîn\nIâ-so· Ki-tok Āu-kî Sèng-tô· Kàu-hōe\nSin-iok Kàu-hōe\nThóng-it Kàu-hōe |\n\nKi-tok-kàu-tô· ê chhun-liân.\n**Ki-tok-kàu** sī it-sîn-lūn ê chong-kàu, siong-sìn ûi-it ê sîn, Bân-lâm-gí hoan-e̍k siōng-tè ia̍h-sī siōng-chú. Só͘-ū siong-sìn Iâ-so͘ Ki-tok sī kiù-sè-chú ê kàu-hōe lóng-chóng sǹg Ki-tok-kàu (mā hō chò **Iâ-so͘-kàu**). Ki-tok-kàu lāi-bīn ū chiâⁿ chōe bô-kāng ê chong-phài, pí-lūn kóng Thian-chú-kàu, Tang-chèng-kàu (东正教) chham Ki-tok-sin-kàu (基督新教). Che í-gōa, mā koh pau-koah siū chèng-thóng kàu-hōe kheh-che̍h (khoeh-cho̍eh, 排斥) ê Mô͘-bûn-kàu kah Iâ-hô-hoa Kiàn-chèng-jîn téng-téng. Chóng-sī tī Bân-lâm-gí, \"Ki-tok-kàu\" chit-ê miâ, ū-sî sī choan-bûn piáu-sī \"Ki-tok-sin-kàu\".\n\nKi-tok-kàu sī sè-kài siōng sìn-kàu jîn-khàu siōng-kài chōe ê chong-kàu, iok-lio̍k ū 20-ek khah-ke ê sìn-tô·. Ki-tok-kàu kah Iu-thài-kàu siāng tōa ê bô-kāng, chāi-î Ki-tok-tô· siong-sìn Iâ-so͘ to̍h-sī Kū-iok Sèng-keng (mā kiò-chòe Hi-pek-lâi Sèng-keng) kóng kàu ê Ki-tok (a̍h-sī kiò-chòe Be̍k-se-a, to̍h-sī kiù-sè-chú ê ì-sù). Ah nā Iu-thài-kàu-tô· khiok-sī jīn-ûi kiù-sè-chú Be̍k-se-a kàu taⁿ iau-bōe chhut-sì. Pîn-chià tio̍h Iâ-so͘ khì hông chhù-sí tiàm Si̍p-jī-kè chit chân tāi-chì, che sǹg sī beh hō· siōng-tè ê hiàn-chè (獻祭), án-ne, lán kah siōng-tè sǹg kóng í-keng tēng-li̍p liáu **kiù-chō· kah sio̍k-chōe** ê sin-iok. Chit-khóan **kiù-chō· kah sio̍k-chōe** hō·-chò \"in sìn sêng gī\"(因信成义), iā-to̍h-sī kóng chí-beh lán chiap-siū Ki-tok bat thè lán taⁿ-chōe ê kiat-kó, jî-chhiáⁿ lán kháu-thâu ū sêng-jīn, án-ne lâi kóng, lán chham siōng-tè to̍h sǹg ū iok-sok tī-leh, lán to̍h ē-tit tit-tio̍h sià-bián kah pang-chān. Ah chit-hūn lán hām siōng-tè só· kiàn-li̍p ê sin iok-sok, put-chāi hān-chè tī hia-ê gôan-pún to̍h hō· siōng-tè tiám tio̍h miâ ê Iu-thài-lâng, mā ài pau-koah phó·-thian-hā ê gōa-hiuⁿ-lâng kah gōa-kok-lâng. \n\nAh nā hia-ê m̄ siong-sìn Iâ-so͘ Ki-tok to̍h-sī kiù-sè-chú ê Iu-thài-kàu-tô·, in mā it-kòan chun-siú kó·-ló sian-ti Mô·-se só· liû-thôan--lo̍h-lâi ê lu̍t-hoat, put-tōan ūi in ka-kī ê chōe-hêng chò kok-sek kok-iūⁿ ê hiàn-chè.\n\nKán-sú\n------\n\nKi-tok-kàu hoat-gôan tī kong-gôan chi̍t-sè-kí ê Pa-lia̍t-su-thán chit-ê só·-chāi. Tī kong-gôan 4-sè-kí chìn-chêng, Ki-tok-kàu sī siū lâng pek-hāi ê, kàu-kah Lô-má Tè-kok kiàn-li̍p ê sî-chūn, Kun-su-thán-teng tāi-tè chôaⁿ kā Ki-tok-kàu soan-pò· chò kok-kàu, hit-chūn Ki-tok-kàu ê tē-ūi chiah tit-tio̍h ha̍p-hoat. Hit-chūn só·-ū ê kok-bîn lóng-ài sìn-gióng Ki-tok-kàu. Kong-gôan 1054 nî, Ki-tok-kàu hoat-seng chin tōa ê hun-lia̍t, tang-pō· kàu-hōe chhiàng-siaⁿ kóng in chiah-sī chiaⁿ-kàu (to̍h-sī Tang-chèng-kàu), iah sai-pō· kàu-hōe mā soan-pō· ké-miâ hō·-chò Kong-kàu (to̍h-sī Thian-chú-kàu. Kong-gôan 16-sè-kí ê sî-chūn, iū-koh ùi Thian-chú-kàu tang-tiong hun-lia̍t chhut-lâi chin chōe ê kàu-phài, kî-tiong khah ū miâ-siaⁿ ê sī Sin-kàu.\n\nKi-pún kàu-gī\n-------------\n\nKi-tok-kàu jīn-ûi sī siōng-tè chhòng-chō sè-kài, jîn-lūi chi̍t-chhut-hiān tī sè-kan to̍h í-keng hōan-chōe, to̍h lóng-chóng ài keng-siū khó·-chhó·, lóng-ài siū chiat-bôa, chí-beh sìn-gióng siōng-tè kah Iâ-so͘ Ki-tok, jîn-lūi chiah ē-tàng tit-tio̍h kái-kiù kah pang-chān. Ki-tok-kàu iōng \"*Kū-iok-chôan-su*\" kah \"*Sin-iok-chôan-su*\" chò in ê Sèng-keng.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85025219\n* GND: 4010074-1\n* BNF: cb133183300 (data)\n* HDS: 042730\n* NDL: 00565950\n* NKC: ph115073\n* BNE: XX525466\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ki-tok-kàu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1112,4224,0.26325757575757575],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4983}} -{"text":"Liāu-tī chháu-po͘ ū--lâng-chhī--ê choh-sit-iōng--ê **chhiah-gû**. (Phîⁿ-ô͘)\n**Chhiah-gû / N̂g-gû** hiān-chú-sî eng-kai í-keng bô iá-seng--ê. Keng-kè lán-lâng kú-nî--ê iúⁿ-chhī, kâng-chéng (*Bos taurus*) kah sio-oá-chéng (*Bos indicus*) ê phòe-chéng thàu-lām, kah ū-kè-oē--ê khan-kà, chit-chióng í-keng kái-liông-ka̍h khah un-sûn--ê choh-sit-gû tī sió-lông keng-chok, hn̂g--ê bīn-chek siuⁿ-soè, hn̂g--ê só͘-iú-koân hun-soàⁿ, tē-hêng koân-kē bô-pîⁿ, bô ki-hâi-hoà ê lông-chhoan, sī ū i-ê bô-hoat-tō͘ tāi-toè ê hong-piān kap si̍t-iōng.\n\nChit-chióng choh-sit-gû boh hō͘ choh-sit-lâng khan-kà chìn-chêng. Tī gû 2-hè chó-iū tio̍h thang-hó kǹg-phīⁿ, chhng gû-kǹg-á, pa̍k gû-liāu-soh hō͘ chhin-chhái toā-siò, lâm-lú lóng oē-tàng khan-lâi-khan-khì lâi chhe-khián sú-iōng, tìⁿ-lôe, thoa-gû-chhia. Ūi-tio̍h boh hō͘ gû-káng ū ún-tēng ê sèng-sò͘, tī i khí-chhio chìn-chêng tio̍h ài kā-i iam-tiāu. Nā-sī su-iàu, ū-thang-sî-a iâu-koh ài-koà gû-hâm. Chiah-oē sūn-chhiú hó-ēng.","meta":{"title":"Chhiah-gû","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,966,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1095}} -{"text":"Âng-soàⁿ tāi-piáu chhiah-tō\n**Chhiah-tō** sī 1 tiâu sióng-siōng ê îⁿ-kèng-soàⁿ, kho· tī 1 lia̍p hêng-seng ê lâm-pak-ke̍k ê tiong-ng ūi-tī; hit tah ê tē-bīn kap tńg-se̍h ê te̍k-sim (*axis of rotation*) pêng-hêng. Chit tiâu soàⁿ sī 1 ê tōa-îⁿ. Chhiah-tō kā kiû ê piáu-bīn chhiat chò Pak-poàⁿ-kiû kap Lâm-poàⁿ-kiû. I ê hūi-tō· hông tēng chò 0-tō·. Tē-kiû ê chhiah-tō ū 40070 km tn̂g.\n\nKhì-hāu\n-------\n\nJia̍t-tài, chhiah-tō ê kùi-cheh hām un-tài, hân-tài chha chin chē. Tiàm jia̍t-tài khiā-khí ê lâng it-poaⁿ kā kùi-cheh hun-chò 2 ê: sip--ê kap ta--ê. Chóng--sī, tōa-pō·-hūn óa-kīn chhiah-tō ê só·-chāi thàu-nî-tang sip, sui-bóng kî-tha ê in-sò· (koân-tō·, lī hái ê kī-lī) ē éng-hióng kùi-cheh ê piàn-hòa.\n\nChhiah-tō kap thài-khong\n------------------------\n\nÓa-kīn chhiah-tō ê tē-tiám sek-ha̍p siat thài-khong-káng a̍h-sī thài-khong tiān-thui, in-ūi hiah ê tiám tín-tāng ê sok-tō· siū tē-kiû tńg-se̍h éng-hióng, pí tē-kiû jīm-hô só·-chāi koh khah kín. Tùi hia hoat-siā thài-khong-chûn ē-tàng kiám iōng jiân-liāu. Khó-sioh tē-kiû ê chhiah-tō lo̍h tī hái-bīn khah chē, hán-tit keng-kòe lio̍k-tē.\n\nKeng-kòe ê tē-tiám\n------------------\n\n* São Tomé kap Príncipe - keng-kòe Ilhéu das Rolas (kûn-tó ê 1 lia̍p sió-tó)\n* Gabon\n* Congo Kiōng-hô-kok\n* Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok\n* Uganda\n* Kenya\n* Somalia\n* Maldives - khó-lêng bô tú-tú keng-kòe jīm-hô 1 ê tó\n* Pini - Sumatra hū-kīn ê sió-tó\n* Sumatra\n* Lingga - Sumatra hū-kīn ê sió-tó\n* Borneo - Kalimantan\n* Sulawesi\n* Halmahera\n* Halmahera tang-pêng ê sió-tó-kûn\n* Gilbert Kûn-tó - khó-lêng bô tú-tú keng-kòe jīm-hô 1 ê tó\n* Phoenix Kûn-tó - Baker-tó hū-kīn\n* Line Kûn-tó - Jarvis-tó hū-kīn\n* Galápagos Kûn-tó - keng-kòe Isabela-tó.\n* Ecuador\n* Colombia\n* Pa-se","meta":{"title":"Chhiah-tō","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[500,1579,0.31665611146295125],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1934}} -{"text":"\n***Princess Principal*** (プリンセス・プリンシパル, *Purinsesu Purinshiparu*?) (プリンセス・プリンシパル, *Purinsesu Purinshiparu*?) sī chit-pō͘ Ji̍t-pún tōng-ōe, iû Studio 3Hz kap Actas chè-chok. Tō-ián sī Masaki Tachibana, pian-kio̍k sī Ichirō Ōkouchi, jîn-bu̍t siat-tēng sī Kouhaku Kuroboshi kap Yukie Akiya, im-ga̍k sī Yuki Kajiura. I ùi 2017 nî 7 goe̍h kàu 9 goe̍h hòng-sàng. 6 chi̍p ê tiān-iáⁿ ē tī 2019 nî hòng-sàng. Gōa-toān ê iû-hì *Princess Principal Game of Mission* tī 2017 nî 8 goe̍h khai-sí êng-ūn.\n\nTāi-kong\n--------\n\n*Princess Principal* kò͘-sū sī tī-leh goân-hêng sī Eng-kok ê só͘-chai Albion. Tī 20 sè-kí chhe, Albion Ông-kok kā chit-chióng kiò-chò \"Cavorite\" ê bu̍t-chit kui-óaⁿ-phâng, kiàn-chō chi̍t-ki khong-tiong lām-tūi, hō͘ Albion chiâⁿ-chò sè-kài siōng-kiông ê kok-ka. Tān-sī, Albion ê peh-sèⁿ put-móa thóng-tī kai-kip mo̍͘h-sī in ê sàn-chhiah, hoat-tōng \"London kek-bēng\" thui-hoan ông-sek. Chòe-āu, nn̄g-pêng kiong-chhî, chi̍t-bīn pia̍h khia̍h tī London ê tiong-ng, kā Albion hun-chò nn̄g-ê kok-ka: Kiōng-hô-kok kap Ông-kok.\n\nKúi-nî liáu-āu, Kiōng-hô-kok khai-sí \"Tùi-ōaⁿ Chok-chiàn,\" kā Ông-kok ê Charlotte Kong-chú kap hām i kāng-bīn ê Ange tùi-ōaⁿ, ūi-tio̍h chò tī ông-ka ê thàu-á. Tān-sī, Kong-chú tian-tò hoat-kak chit-ê kè-ōe, jî-chhiáⁿ iau-kiû beh kap Ange hām in pêng-iú ha̍p-chok nā-sī in goān-ì pang-chō͘ i chiâⁿ-chò Ông-kok ê Lú-ông. Kò͘-sū tio̍h-sī gō͘-ê cha-bó͘-gín-á, pau-koat Kong-chú, tī Kiōng-hô-kok ē-kha chò thàu-á, tông-sî tī-leh chhut-miâ ê Queen's Mayfair school tha̍k-chheh.\n\nKak-sek\n-------\n\n### Chú-iàu kak-sek\n\nAnge (アンジェ, *Anje*?)\nVoiced by: Ayaka Imamura\nChú-kak, sī chi̍t-ê 17 hòe ê kàn-tia̍p. I chin-gâu kóng-pe̍h-chha̍t kap hoat-kak pe̍h-chha̍t, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kóng i sī lâi-chū \"O͘ Tō͘-tēng Seng-kiû.\" I ū chi̍t-lia̍p bú-khì \"C kiû,\" ē-sái hō͘ tiōng-le̍k sit-hāu.\nPrincess (プリンセス, *Purinsesu*?)\nVoiced by: Akira Sekine\nCharlotte Kong-chú (Prinecess) 17 hòe. I sī Normandy Kong-chiok ê sun-á, Albion Ông-kok kè-sêng sūn-ūi tē 4 ūi. I chin hó-tàu-tīn, chin siū peh-sèⁿ ài-tài. I ê goān-bōng sī chiâⁿ-chò Lú-ông, têng-sin thóng-it chit-ê kok-ka.\nDorothy (ドロシー, *Doroshī*?)\nVoiced by: Yō Taichi\n20 hòe, gūi-chong chò ha̍k-seng, m̄-ku chin ài lim-chiú. Dorothy lī-iōng i-ê bī-le̍k goân-sèng jīm-bū, jî-chhiáⁿ chiâⁿ gâu phah-chhèng kap sái-chhia. I-ê pún-miâ sī Daisy MacBean, tān-sī tī in a-bú sí-khì koh hō͘ in a-pa chiú-chùi āu ka-pó liáu-āu tio̍h cháu--khì à. \"Dorothy\" sī in a-bú ê miâ.\nBeatrice (ベアトリス, *Beatorisu*?)\nVoiced by: Akari Kageyama / Imitation Voice by: Fukushi Ochiai, Motomu Kiyokawa, Tesshō Genda, Kōsei Hirota, Hiroya Ishimaru\n15 hòe ê kùi-cho̍k chú-tē, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ho̍k-sāi tī Kong-chú ê sin-khu-piⁿ. I ē-sái iōng in a-pa tàu-tī in nâ-âu ê ki-khì chong-tì mô͘-hóng bat-lâng ê siaⁿ.\nTōdō Chise (藤堂ちせ, *Tōdō Chise*?)\nVoiced by: Nozomi Furuki\nLâi-chū Ji̍t-pún Saga ê kau-ōaⁿ ha̍k-seng, goân-pún sī lâi ūi-tio̍h pó-hō͘ Ji̍t-pún tāi-sài bē hŏng àm-sat. I chin gâu kiàm-tō, hŏng jīn-ûi sī in gō͘-ê lâng tiong siông gâu chiàn-tàu--ē. I tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ piáu-hiān i tùi gōa-kok bûn-hòa ê bû-ti. I mā-sī Ji̍t-pún ê thàu-á, ūi-tio̍h koan-chhat hō͘ i siōng-si koat-tēng ài kap Kiōng-hô-kok iah-sī Ông-kok kiat-bêng.\n### Chhù-iàu kak-sek\n\nL (エル, *Eru*?)\nVoiced by: Takayuki Sugō\nControl ê sêng-oân, hū-chek chí-tō Principal Team.\n7 (セブン, *Sebun*?)\nVoiced by: Miyuki Sawashiro\nControl ê sêng-oân, hū-chek chí-tō Principal Team.\nTāi-chó͘ (大佐, *Taisa*?)\nVoiced by: Takumi Yamazaki\nControl ê sêng-oân, Kiōng-hô-kok kun-tūi ê tāi-piáu.\nNormandy Kong-chiok (ノルマンディー公, *Norumandī Kō*?)\nVoiced by: Takaya Hashi\nAlbion ê Lāi-bū Tāi-sîn, Charlotte Kong-chú ê a-chek. I hū-chek chhú-lí Ông-kok ê kàn-tia̍p sū-bū.\nGazelle (ガゼル, *Gazeru*?)\nVoiced by: Yūko Iida\nNormandy Kong-chiok siōng sìn-jīm ê chi̍t-ê kàn-tia̍p, sī chi̍t-ê chhim-sek pōe-hū ê cha-bó͘, hū-chek siu-chi̍p chêng-pò.\n\nMûi-thé\n-------\n\n### Tōng-ōe\n\nChè-chok kong-si sī Studio 3Hz kap Actas. Tō-ián sī Masaki Tachibana, pian-kio̍k sī Ichirō Ōkouchi. Jîn-bu̍t siat-tēng sī Kouhaku Kuroboshi kap Yukie Akiya. Chit-ê hē-lia̍t ùi 2017 nî 7 goe̍h 9 ji̍t kàu 9 goe̍h 24 ji̍t hòng-sàng. Phìⁿ-thâu sī \"The Other Side of the Wall\", iû Void\\_Chords kap MARU ián-chhiùⁿ, phìⁿ-bóe sī \"A Page of My Story\", iû Ayaka Imamura, Akira Sekine, Yō Taichi, Akari Kageyama, kap Nozomi Furuki ián-chhiùⁿ.\n\n### Tiān-iáⁿ\n\n6 chi̍p ê tiān-iáⁿ pán-pún 2018 nî 4 goe̍h 29 ji̍t soan-pò͘ ē tī 2019 nî khai-sí hòng-sàng. I ē ùi tiān-sī tōng-ōe siōng-bóe chi̍t-chi̍p khai-sí.\n\nPêng-kè\n-------\n\n*Princess Principal* hō͘ sì-kè o-ló, chin-chē lâng jīn-ûi i sī 2017 nî siōng-hó ê chi̍t-chhut tōng-ōe. *Kotaku* kóng che sī 2017 nî joa̍h-thiⁿ siōng-hó ê tōng-ōe. \n\nIm-ga̍k mā chin siū khéng-tēng, iû-kî sī phìⁿ-thâu \"The Other Side of the Wall\". Chit siu koa hō͘ Chris Farris kap Theron Martin from Anime News Network jīn-ûi sī 2017 nî siōng-hó ê chú-tê-koa. I mā tī 2017 Crunchyroll's Anime Awards hŏng tê-miā.\n\nChù-kha\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"橘正紀監督、梶浦由記さん、湯川淳CPに聞くTVアニメ『プリンセス・プリンシパル』誕生秘話\". *電撃オンライン* (in Japanese). Kadokawa Corporation. July 15, 2017. Retrieved August 17, 2017.\n2. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n3. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n4. ↑ \"Princess Principal Anime's Ad Highlights Main Characters\". *Anime News Network*. June 26, 2017.\n5. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n6. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n7. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n8. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n9. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n10. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n11. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n12. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n13. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n14. ↑ Empty citation (help)\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām (Ji̍t-gí)\n* *Princess Principal* (anime) at Anime News Network's encyclopediaAnime News Network*Princess Principal* (anime) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia\n* *Princess Principal* teh IMDb","meta":{"title":"Princess Principal","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1319,6021,0.2190666002325195],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \n

    Princess Principal

    \ntóng-àn:Princess Principal, Title Card.jpg
    Promotional image.
    プリンセス・プリンシパル\n\n\n


    (Purinsesu Prinshiparu)

    Lūi-hêng\n

    Action, Spy, Steampunk

    \n

    Tiān-sī tōng-ōe hē-lia̍t

    Tō-ián\n

    Masaki Tachibana

    Chè-chok\n

    Ryoya Arisawa
    Kazuyoshi Nishikawa
    Tomoyo Ueji
    Hirotaka Kaneko
    Takeshi Ishigaki
    Takumi Ito

    Kio̍k-pún\n

    Ichirō Ōkouchi

    Im-ga̍k\n

    Yuki Kajiura

    Chè-chok kong-si\n

    Studio 3Hz, Actas

    Siū-khoân\n
    NA
    Sentai Filmworks
    MVM Films
    Hòng-sàng\n

    Tokyo MX, KBS, SUN, BS11, AT-X

    Hòng-sàng kî-kan\n

    July 9, 2017 – September 24, 2017

    Chi̍p-sò͘\n

    12

    \n

    Iû-hì

    Princess Principal Game of Mission
    \n

    Tōng-ōe tiān-iáⁿ hē-lia̍t

    Hòng-sàng\n

    2019

    Chi̍p-sò͘\n

    6

    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":6401}} -{"text":"**Chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi** sī tī lâng ê bīn chhiah-hō ê ì-sù. Tâi-ôan ê gôan-chū-bîn-cho̍k lāi-té ū Tayal-cho̍k, Saisiyat-cho̍k kap Truku-cho̍k ū chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi ê hong-sio̍k.\n\nIn-ūi Ji̍t-pún thóng-tī Tâi-ôan ê sî-chūn tō khai-sí ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á kìm-chí chit-khóan hong-sio̍k, hòng-kiam gôan-chū-bîn siū-tio̍h gōa-lâi bûn-hòa ê éng-hióng, tû-khì lāu-lâng í-gōa, chit-má í-keng chin hán-tit chhōe ū gôan-chū-bīn chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi--ah.\n\nTayal-cho̍k ê sîn-ōe kò·-sū\n---------------------------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Pntasan\n\nTayal-cho̍k chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi ê hong-sio̍k kin-thâu sī sím-mi̍h, bo̍k-chêng jîn-lūi-ha̍k iáu bô 1-ê khak-tēng ê tap-àn. M̄-koh Tayal-cho̍k in pún-sin ū 2-ê kap chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi ū koan-hē ê sîn-ōe kò·-sū.\n\n### A-chí kap sió-tī saⁿ-kè-chhōa\n\nThiⁿ-tē ê gôan-khí-thâu, tē-chiūⁿ kan-taⁿ ū 1-ê a-chí hām in sió-tī 2-ê lâng niā-tiāⁿ. Chò a-chí--ê chiâⁿ hôan-ló, m̄-chai jîn-lūi tio̍h án-chóaⁿ siⁿ-thn̂g. Ūi-tio̍h chit-ê in-toaⁿ, i kā sió-tī kiàn-gī kóng in 2-ê kiat-hun, thang hó thn̂g-āu-sû, m̄-koh chò sió-tī--ê kī-cho̍at, i jīn-ûi chò sió-tī--ê, bē-sái kap a-chí kiat-ha̍p. A-chí bô-hoat-tō·, chí-hó siūⁿ 1-ê kè-tì phiàn in sió-tī. I kā sió-tī kóng, \"mîn-á-chài ē-po͘ ē ū 1-ê cha-bó͘-lâng tī soaⁿ-kha tán, i tō-sī lí ê khan-chhiú. Lí tio̍h kap i khùn chò-hóe.\" Sió-tī siong-sìn a-chí ê ōe, hèng-pu̍t-pu̍t beh khì chhōe hit-ê cha-bó-lâng. Tē-2-kang chò a-chí--ê the̍h o͘-sek ê hóe-hu boah bīn, lâi tī soaⁿ-kha tán, chi̍t-thêng-á sió-tī lâi--ah, bē-jīn-tit he tō-sī in a-chí, choaⁿ-á kap i khùn, chū-án-ne jîn-lūi chiah thang siⁿ-thn̂g, mā sī ùi hit-chūn chiah khai-sí ū chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi ê hong-sio̍k.\n### Siám-phiah pháiⁿ-ūn\n\nTē-2-ê kap chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi ū koan-hē ê thôan-soeh, sī kap \"siám-phiah pháiⁿ-ūn \"ū koan-hē. Chit-ê kò·-sū sī kóng kó·-chá kó·-chá, ū chiok-chē siàu-liân cha-bó-gín-á, lóng bô-tiuⁿ-bô-tî choaⁿ-á sí--khì, chit-chām tāi-chì hō· Tayal-cho̍k-lâng put-chí-á kiaⁿ-hiâⁿ, chóng--sī m̄-chai beh án-chóaⁿ chiah hó. Aū--lâi ū 1-àm, 1-ê pō·-lo̍k ê cha-bó-gín-á bāng-tio̍h chó·-lêng hián-sèng, kā i kóng nā beh cháu-siám sí-bông ê chai-eh, tiāⁿ-tio̍h ài tī bīn--ni̍h chhiah-hō chiah ē-ēng-tit. Keh-tńg-kang i kā pō·-lo̍k ê lâng kóng, m̄-koh bô-lâng chai-iáⁿ beh chóaⁿ-iūⁿ lâi chhiah-hō, bóe--ah ū 1-ê cha-po͘-lâng chin-khiáu, i ēng sio--kòe ê chhêng-á ê chhâ-thòaⁿ, tī cha-bó-lâng ê saⁿ téng-kôan kā hoe-jī ōe--chhut-lâi, sòa--loeh kā pō·-lo̍k lóng-chóng ê cha-bó-lâng kà, ēng iù-chiam kā hoe-jī chhiah tī bīn--ni̍h, chiah koh boah o͘-thòaⁿ-hu, án-ne tō bē lak-sek. Siūⁿ-bē-kàu chū Tayal-cho̍k ê cha-bó-lâng chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi liáu-āu, tō bô cha-bó-gín-á bô-in-bô-toaⁿ sí--khì-ah, ùi hit-chūn khai-sí, Tayal-cho̍k tō ū chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi ê hong-sio̍k.\nChiah-ê lia̍h-chāi-gōa, Tâi-ôan tang-pō· ê Tayal-cho̍k koh ū 1-khóan thôan-soeh, kóng lâng kìⁿ-nā kòe-sin, lêng-hûn lóng ē kiâⁿ-kòe 1-tiâu ngó·-chhái-khēng, Tayal-cho̍k ê chó·-lêng ē tī khēng chò ê kiô hit-pêng chih-chiap kiáⁿ-sun-á khì kàu chó·-lêng ê sè-kài. \"Chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi \"tō-sī chó·-kong-á ē jīn-tit kiáⁿ-sun-á ê ún-tùn kap iok-tēng. Ū lâng kā chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi ê bûn-hòa tòng-chò \"Tayal-cho̍k-lâng bīn--ni̍h ê ke-hē \".\n\nTùi chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi ê kòe-têng lâi khòaⁿ, Tayal-cho̍k ê chit-ê hong-sio̍k, ū \"tńg-tōa-lâng-lé \"ê ì-gī, bīn chhiah-hō liáu-āu, tō kiâⁿ-chiūⁿ jîn-seng ê lēng-gōa 1-ê kai-tōaⁿ--ah.\n\nChit-ê hong-sio̍k m̄-nā kap kò·-jîn ū tī-tāi, mā sī kui-ê bîn-cho̍k ê tiōng-iàu kui-tēng. Tī chó·-lêng sìn-gióng lâi kóng, chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi koh ē éng-hióng tio̍h kui-ê pō·-lo̍k ê hó-pháiⁿ-jī-ūn, jîn-lūi-ha̍k-chiá ôa Têng-sūi ( 何廷瑞 ) ê gián-kiù pò-kò tō siá kóng, Tayal-cho̍k-lâng jīn-ûi nā bô chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi, chó·-lêng ē hêng-chai lâi têng-ho̍at, siā--ni̍h ē tiāⁿ ū lâng phòa-pēⁿ sí--khì. Nā kap bô chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi ê cha-bó-gín-á kiat-hun, m̄-nā bē-seⁿ, kui-ê ka-cho̍k lóng ē tú-tio̍h chai-eh.\n\nChhiah-o͘-a-chhùi ê chu-keh kap siā-hōe lō·-iōng\n------------------------------------------------\n\nChhiah-o͘-a-chhùi m̄-nā hō· Tayal-cho̍k ēng lâi chò cho̍k-kûn kì-jīn, tī in thôan-thóng ê pō·-lo̍k seng-o̍ah lāi-té, koh ū giâm-siok ê siā-hōe ì-gī.\n\nBeh chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi sī ū chu-keh ê hān-chè--ê. Cha-po͘-gín-á tōa-hàn liáu-āu, tio̍h ū chhut-chhó ( khì kā tùi-te̍k thâi-thâu ) ê keng-giām, chiah ē-tàng tī chhùi-tûn ē-kha chhiah-hoe, tòng-chò tńg-tōa-lâng ê kì-jīn, mā po-chióng i ê ióng-kám. Cha-bó-gín-á tōa-bú-lâng-chéng liáu-āu, tio̍h thong-kòe kiⁿ-pò· kap chèng-chhân ê khó-chhì, chiah ē-tàng tī chhùi-phé chhiah-hoe, piáu-sī i í-keng sī tōa-lâng. M̄-kóan sī cha-po͘ cha-bó, nā bô chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi, tō bē-tàng kè-chhōa.\n\nChhiah-o͘-a-chhùi ê kòe-têng\n----------------------------\n\nNā kiáⁿ-jî cha-bó-kiáⁿ kàu tio̍h chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi ê nî-hòe, pē-bú ē khùn-bāng lâi kéng ji̍t, chiah khì chhiàⁿ sai-hū. Beh chhiah chìn-chêng, tio̍h koh ēng chiáu-á pok-kòa, kin-kì chiáu siaⁿ kap chiáu-á poe ê hong-hiòng lâi khòaⁿ hó-pháiⁿ. Chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi ê hong-hoat, sī seng ēng tē-á-sòaⁿ ùn hóe-hu, tī bīn--ni̍h ōe hoe-jī, chiah ēng chhin-chhiūⁿ khí-bín ê thih-chiam siòng-chún beh chhiah ê só·-chāi, ēng chhâ chò ê hám-á kòng thih-chiam, kā thih-chiam chha̍k ji̍p-khì phôe-hu lāi-té, ta̍k-tah lóng ài chha̍k 2, 3-pái. Jiân-āu chiah ēng hóe-hu boah tī khang-chhùi, hō· o͘-sek tiâu-té.\n\nCha-po͘-lâng chhiah--ê hoe-jī khah kán-tan, kan-taⁿ thâu-hia̍h kap ē-hâi 2-ūi, sî-kan mā khah-té, sù-siông bē chhiau-kòe 1-ê chái-khí. Nā cha-bó-lâng chhiah--ê, in-ūi ū chhiah tī chhùi-phé khah-ho̍k-cha̍p, chhin-chhiūⁿ bāng-á ê hoe-jī, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī ùi phah-pú-kng chhiah kah beh-àm-á, tio̍h ēng 10-gōa tiám-cheng, chhiah liáu bīn lóng ē chéng--khí-lâi, liân-sòa 10-kang kàu 20-gōa-kang bô-hoat-tō· chia̍h mi̍h-kiāⁿ, kan-taⁿ thang lim tê kap chia̍h môai. In-ūi kiaⁿ khang-chhùi hoat-hông, cha-bó-gín-á chhiah-o͘-a-bīn liáu-āu tō bē-sái chhut-mn̂g, tû-khì chhù--ni̍h ê lâng, sím-mi̍h lâng lóng bē-sái kìⁿ-bīn. Tán chha-put-to 1-go̍eh-ji̍t, khang-chhùi kòe-phôe thǹg-phí liáu-āu, bīn--ni̍h tō ū khóng-sek he̍k-chiá-sī o͘-sek ê hoe-jī, chi̍t-sì-lâng lóng bē lak-sek.\n\nSaisiyat-cho̍k ê hong-sio̍k\n---------------------------\n\nSaisiyat-cho̍k mā ū chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi ê hong-sio̍k. In ê cha-po͘-gín-á tńg-tōa-lâng, tō ē tī thâu-hia̍h kap ē-hâi chhiah 1-chōa hoe-jī, nā cha-bó-gín-á tō kan-taⁿ chhiah tī thâu-hia̍h, bô-chhiūⁿ Tayal-cho̍k sī tī 2-pêng chhùi-phé chhiah khoah-bā V-hêng ê hoe-jī.\n\nNā cha-po͘-lâng ū thâi kòe 2-ê lâng-thâu--ê, ē-tàng tī heng-khám tò-pêng leng-chu ē-kha pín-á-kut hia ke chhiah 1-chōa hoe-jī, thâi-tio̍h 3-ê lâng-thâu--ê, tō koh thang tī chiàⁿ-pêng leng-chu ē-kha pín-á-kut koh chhiah 1-chōa, chiàu án-ne lâi ke-thiⁿ.","meta":{"title":"Chhiah-o͘-a-chhùi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,6505,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7556}} -{"text":"\n**Chhiah-soaⁿ-á** (赤山仔, -子) sī Tâi-oân Ko-hiông-chhī Jîn-bú-khu lāi ê chi̍t khu ke-chhī, hêng-chèng siōng sio̍k **Chhiah-soaⁿ-lí** koán-lāi.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nPún tē óa ùi Chiáu-chhêng-khu ê Chiáu-chhêng-kha pak-pêng, Oan-á-lâi sai-lâm-pêng, Tōa-oan tang-pêng. Lâm-pêng sī chi̍t chōa tùi Khó-thâm (考潭) chhun--kòe-lâi ê soaⁿ-lūn-tē.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nChhiah-soaⁿ-á ê chá-kî Hàn-bîn-cho̍k î-bîn chú-iàu sī goân Tēⁿ-sī Sî-tāi Tông-an-koān ê Lîm-sī kap Chiang-chiu-hú Lêng-khe-koān ê Hong-sī khún-hō͘.\n\nÙi Chheng-kok sî-tāi 1894 nî goân-sêng ê Hōng-soaⁿ-koān Chhái-hóng-chheh lāi-bīn, ū kì-lio̍k \"Sió-chhiah-soaⁿ\" tē-hō-miâ, sī Koan-im-lí lāi chi̍t lia̍p sió soaⁿ-á.\n\nKàu Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi, Chhiah-soaⁿ-á iân nn̄g-tiâu tō-lō͘ hoat-tián, chi̍t tiâu tùi Pat-kòa-liâu thàng--lâi; lēng-gōa chi̍t tiâu tùi Tōa-oan thàng kòe Bāng-lí (夢裡). Pún tē-hng chiàu 1939 nî thóng-kè, ū khiā-khí jîn-kháu 208 lâng.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* 葉雅芬 (2013). *高雄市仁武區開發的歷史變遷* (sek-sū thesis). 國立臺南大學 臺灣文化研究所.\n\n### Chù-kha\n\n1. ↑ 臺灣總督官房企畫部 (1940). *昭和十四年末 臺灣常住戶口統計*.","meta":{"title":"Chhiah-soaⁿ-á","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[396,1296,0.3055555555555556],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Chhiah-soaⁿ-á
    赤山仔
    —  goân tōa-jī  —
    \n
    \"Chhiah-soaⁿ-á
    \"Chhiah-soaⁿ-á\"
    Chhiah-soaⁿ-á
    Chhiah-soaⁿ-á tī Ko-hiông-chhī ê tāi-khài ūi-tì\n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 22°40′45″N 120°20′51″E / 22.67917°N 120.34750°E / 22.67917; 120.34750
    Koān-chhī\n Ko-hiông-chhī\n\t
    Hiong-tìn-chhī-khu\n\t\tJîn-bú-khu\n\t
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1222}} -{"text":"**Chhiah-sek lú-ông ká-soat** (赤色女王假說, Eng. Red Queen's Hypothesis, Ji̍t. 赤の女王仮説) ia̍h **Âng hông-hiō ká-soat (紅皇后假說)** sī chi̍t ê seng-bu̍t chìn-hòa ê ká-soat.\n\nJohn Tenniel ê chhah-ōe\n\nGí-gôan\n-------\n\n**Chhiah-sek lú-ông** sī Lewis Carroll ê sió-soat *Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There* (Hôa. 愛麗絲鏡中奇遇) ê teng-tiûⁿ jîn-bu̍t, i káng ê tâi-sû ''To̍k-to̍k put-toān cháu lo̍h-khì, lí chiah tek thêng-liû tī goân-tē'' (''It takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place'') ho͘ iōng-lâi pí-lūn bu̍t-chióng, kò-thé, ûi-thoân-chú ài kè-sio̍k chìn-hòa chiah tek seng-chûn lo̍h-khì.\n\nCheng-gī\n--------\n\nChhiah-sek lú-ông ká-soat kiông-tiâu seng-bu̍t ê hia̍p-tông chìn-hòa, put-lî-kò hut-sī seng-bu̍t chìn-hòa ê gōa-bō· in-sò·.\n\nChham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n* マット・リドレー 『赤の女王』 翔泳社 <翔泳選書>、ISBN 4-88135-146-X、ISBN-13: 978-4-88135-146-8。\n\nIú-koan bûn-hiàn\n----------------\n\n* Hamilton, W. D. \"Sex versus non-sex versus parasites\" 1980. Oikos 35,282-290.\n* Hamilton, W. D. et al. \"Sexual reproduction as an adaptation to resist parasites\" 1990. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 87:3566-3573.\n\nChham-kiàn\n----------\n\n* Hia̍p-tông chìn-hòa (協同進化)\n* Hek-sek lú-ông ká-soat","meta":{"title":"Chhiah-sek lú-ông ká-soat","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[346,1103,0.31368993653671806],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1354}} -{"text":"**Tâi-to̍k tóng-kong** sī Tâi-oân Bîn-chìn-tóng tī 1991 nî 10 goe̍h 13 hō tē-gō͘ kài tē-it chhù choân-kok tóng-tāi-piáu tāi-hōe thong-kòe ê siu-tēng tóng-kong lāi ê chi̍t ê tiâu-bûn, i-ê chhó-àn sī iû chhòng-tóng tóng-oân Lîm Cho̍k-súi khí-chhó. Che kap Tâi-hái hiān-chōng bi̍t-chhiat siong-koan, i-ê lōe-iông sī chú-tiuⁿ thàu-kòe kong-bîn tâu-phiò si̍t-hiān Tâi-oân to̍k-li̍p ê lí-liām. Chit-ê tóng-kong ê thong-kòe, hō͘ Bîn-chìn-tóng chèng-sek chiâⁿ-chò chú-tiuⁿ Tâi-oân to̍k-li̍p ê chèng-tóng, mā hō͘ Tâi-oân chèng-tī chiông-chhú tī Tiong-kok thóng-it kap Tâi-oân to̍k-li̍p ê ì-sek hêng-thài tiong tùi-li̍p. In-ūi kí-hêng thóng-to̍k kong-tâu ê tōa-tōa éng-hióng Tâi-oân hái-kiap lióng-hōaⁿ koan-hē, Bîn-chìn-tóng tī Tân Chúi-píⁿ kap Chhòa Eng-bûn chip-chèng sî-tāi it-ti̍t bô-ì chiū thóng-to̍k chìn-hêng kong-tâu, î-chhî hiān-chōng, bô-ài bong tio̍h Tiong-kok ê chèng-tī bín-kám sîn-keng.","meta":{"title":"Tâi-to̍k tóng-kong","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,899,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1022}} -{"text":"**Chhian-kim-phó͘**(千金譜), iū-koh hō-chòe **Ku-ka Pit-pī Chhian-kim-phó͘**(居家必備千金譜), sī chi̍t pún tī Bân-lâm kah Tâi-oân liû-thoân ê Bân-lâm-gú bat-jī kà-chheh.\n\nLiân Hêng tī *Ngá-giân*(雅言) tiong án-ne siá:\n\n\"貧家子弟無力讀書，為人學徒，以數錢買《千金譜》一本，就店中長輩而讀之，可識千餘字。是書為泉人士所撰，中有方言，又列貨物之名，為將來記帳之用。若聰穎者可再讀他書及簡明尺牘並學珠算，不三四年可以略通文法，而書算皆能矣。\"\n.\n\nChhian-kim-phó͘ Chn̂g-bûn\n-------------------------\n\n字是隨身寶，財是國家珍，一字值千金，千金難買聖賢心，隸首作算用苦心，倉頡制字值千金。勸人讀書著認字，看得來寫得去，百般貨物都有字，件件貨物都須記。記得物件寫得來，便是伶俐不痴呆。百般生理多頭路，也有坐店共開舖，也有赴墟排街路，也有講古拆字數，也有牽罟共落廓。日出而作，日入而息，不識不知，舜帝之則。后稷教民稼穡，也著種，也著播，耕作著認路，田園著照顧，也卜食，也卜租，毋通拋荒成草埔破桶著箍，破鼎著補，莫嫖莫賭，勤勸儉有補。謹作著謹收，守望相助是農儔，早仔粟代先收，員粒、埔占共清油。烏占、白殼軟兼滑，芒花、青稞、鵝卵秫，荳、麻、麥、黍各件出，荳芽、荳菜皆著鬱。喫甘蔗，前頭入後頭出，排塗豆，捲螺風透拂拂，囡仔豬頭亂亂笏，春夏秋冬，四時勤勞，毋通想風騷，毋通想佚陶。父母著孝順，兄弟著合和，井內無水著來淘，水內有魚著下笱，會庄掠賊著拍鑼，壯丁著盡出，竹篙鬥菜刀，籐牌、鳥銃、鉤鐮、撻刀、弓箭、鐵耙、柴槌、干戈。家內飼豬著豬槽，泔著多，潘著濁；新豬母，老豬哥；豬胚照路行，豬囝濫糝趖，赤牛哥，水牛母，羊母羊囝滿山趖；鳥、鴨、雞、鵝；閹雞趁鳳飛，雞囝綴雞母。大厝九包五，三落百二門，糖間兼粟倉，大礐兼花園；池台水閣，塗樓兼石坊；三餐五味，四撇一碗湯；玳珼貓，守粟倉，金獅狗，守後門；田園千萬甲，公館百二庄，奴才掃地煎茶湯；查某乾搥腰骨，拌眠床。一妻一妾爻閣嫷，就勸丈夫做生理，造起橫洋十三隻，當店兼油車，郊行鬥夥計；上天津、廣東、蘇州買狐絲。看見蘇州婆真文理，十八廿二少年時，紅喙唇，白喙齒，穿帶有排止，金手環，玉手指，也乖巧，也伶俐；琴棋書畫盡都是；緞被紗帳簾，牙床上，芳花味，一身白如麵，兩奶軟似綿，桃花面，點胭脂，紅奶兜(斗)，掛錦墘，紅綾鞋，金充(聰)邊，飲酒吟詩，相牽看戲，搬來又搬去，交膚貼肉同床共枕。有生理，一位夥計來叫伊，看見兩人眠未起，說叫貨物買全備，若毋轉鄉里，恐驚(畏)生理隨伊去陷眠聽見就爬起，目屎糊目墘，是我一時真獃痴，看見蘇州婆，心肝迷迷；夥計就勸伊，朝來蘇州做生理，敢來放蕩破了錢；蘇州婆，講話就應伊，青春少年時，不嫖不樂是卜年?聽汝講，都也是，少年揣幾時。白了工，也了錢，連嫖四月日，錢銀了去兩萬四，收拾行李卜轉去就叫蘇州婆，來相辭，生理若猶有趁錢，明年再來總未遲；蘇州婆目屎流，目屎滴，毋甘拆分離，夥計就勸伊，蘇州婆卜汝錢咬薑母擦目墘假有心，假有意，目屎淚淋漓，騙汝一隻戇大豬；了錢無要緊，無生瘡，是汝造化是。上行點貨味，橫洋十三隻，買甲滿滿是，海面生理，望天保庇；順風相送，緊赴過年；滿街做戲，也有賀壽，也有團圓；狐絲客大本錢，跋繳人看見，思想伊，有人招伊「硩輾寶」，有人招伊「釣白魚」，有人招伊「骰九叫」，有人招伊「硩蓋笑」。狐絲客毋敢聽，雨傘舉起做伊行。直到廈門泉州城；郊行家長來探聽，看見相牽手，做伙行；問伊貨物是乜件?一一唸來聽；就講橫洋十三隻，講著汝總驚，狐絲百二擔，人蔘廿八車；鴉片塗兩隻半；真珠、財寶七十二萬件，綢緞、布疋下兩隻。粗磁、幼碟、器具、共七隻。紙料、食物千千萬萬件。敢問家長，當今生理，啥乜會行時?就說染房布生理，好歹長短中人意，金絨工夫染，眉梭兼軟池，干烏兼踏洗，半烏紗頭淺，襖頭丹井是白身；月白天藍冬瓜淺，毯條玷褥無比止；棉績被透清棉；膠州帽滾絨墘；茄紋蓆掛萬字。麻葛蕉薴是粗布，惟有大田是幼糊；漳紗、狐紗、青絲羅，頂戴鞋襪，靴袍帽海南葛，白紡薴，蘇白扇、草蒲鞋，銅薰吹、金充(聰)袋，蘇腰帶、紅櫓笠，包袱皮、花藜藜，貢緞、繭綢兼縐紗春綢六加素，紫薇裘、嗶嘰褲；淺跤巾，烏頭布、紅嗶吱、多囉呢，程香袍、羅漢衣。\n\n廣東店好佚陶；水晶、玻璃白波波；玉手環、金手鍊，珊瑚樹、瑪瑙珠；真珠龍鳳墜、金髻針花圍、角車掛繡閨；木屐撘、釘仔槌、耳鉤、齒托雙爿墜，柴梳、虱篦共針線；萬年紅，蓋漳盤，烏絃、白扯、烏有線；石青、金黃、哦蘭盤，鉸剪刀、厘戥秤，鏡面紐、紗線絪，跤帛、飾褲共鞋面；荷包鬚、褲頭鈴，水晶鏡、玻璃燈，銀豆、八寶共銜鈴，羅經、八卦定時鐘；腰刀、牙箸、玻璃鐘。敢仔店多賒欠，也有貴，也有賤。有現錢，有便宜，欠貨味補來添；就向狐絲客交關起，海參共蝦米，蟶干、烏魚子；鰆干、鯊魚翅；雪筍共粟子，龍腸、蚵干佮螺片；燕窩佮鹿筋，鮑魚佮柔魚墨賊、扁魚共花枝；煙腿佮銀魚，鹿脯烏魚腱香菇、紫菜共木耳；金針、冬粉共滸笞；淡仔脯、鹹鯧魚，珠螺鮭、紅瓜魚，丁香鮭、鹹鱌耳，鮦仔鮭、烏蚶共紅蝦；大鮸、西刀共塗魠，紅蟳、花鮡共鹹蠽；竹蟶、白蟶、熟龍舌，加網、秋鮕、牛尾及金錢；田螺、水龜、鱔魚、鱉鰗鰡、水雞、青虳共毛蟹；加愁，公玳及生鮓；塗龍、赤棕兼目鱱，十籮共八籮；烏鯰、塗虱.鯽版、烏耳鰻；鮐魚、鏈魚共海鰻。豆簽、麵線、米粉干；鴨卵、魚脯、鱠仔干葫椒、八角兼豆乾。大燭、燭仔、燈火盞；高錢、壽金、三界紙；大炮、連炮、新烘爐；天金、尺金、降真爐；淨香、束柴、金白古；大吧、中吧、經衣紙；替身、白虎、精神紙；蔑香、白束共粗紙；常興、瑞泰、金蘭薰烏厚、紅蘭、舊露薰；貢絲、奇品及時春；肉桂、朱雀佮奇珍；慶安、川盛及信興；柿果、桔餅佮冰糖；蓮子、薏仁佮肉棗；桔紅、紅棗、雲片糕；麻荖、米荖共核桃；水晶餅、綠豆糕、油酥餅、千層糕；雪花、椪餅、瓜子糕口香、棋子佮石糕；雞卵糕、鹹肉糕、葡萄乾；紅柑福員、紅柚桃，五壽、蜜餞佮麵桃;紅龜、紅粿，包仔、粯仔著酵母燒金、公緣著拍鑼。磁仔店、也有欠；卜買大醃缸，大鼎、東洋佮灶磚，雁子做灶門；鐵銚、鍋仔佮茶鈷；煎匙、火鉗佮烘爐；急燒、火炭佮水壺；甕鍾、托盤佮香爐燭台、香筒佮宣爐；茶甌、茶罐、十付盞；花矸、古盤、什錦碗；碗仔、碟仔、湯匙合一盤一個錫瓶十雙箸，大撇、斗碗共幼碟；粗磁、粗缽著呵賤，大硿矸仔、酒鍾盤新水桶、著好擔，新飯斗臭杉柴面桶仔著漆紅骹桶、腰桶著好杉摔桶、炊桶共拔桶；戽桸、鱟桸兼飯籬；鼎敢、水升(蓁)匏桸兼鼎擦廚房著齊備，煮食有好味。鹽、糟、醬、醋佇灶邊；豆油兼豆豉，蔥頭永不離；砧著厚、刀著利，切蔥菜、切魚肉，芫荽、芹菜枝，韭菜、茼蒿一大披；刈菜、菠薐佮筍絲；芥藍、茄菜佮薑絲；莧菜、蕹菜正著時；葫薤、白菜、竹仔枝，菜色買齊備。卜買豬肝、腰子佮豬肺；煮豬血著豬油，大腸、小臟一大毬豬頭尾爌鹹菜；豬骹蹄總著煨，豬屎豬尿壅苦瓜；飯著炊、肉著鍋，肉湯爌苦瓜。山珍海味著酒配，紹興老酒浸木瓜；高梁火燒刀，七甕十四鍋；卜食粿家己炊，甜粿、肉粽、麻薯、豆花米糕、發粿、樹子、醃瓜檨仔、龍眼、那菝、菜瓜芎蕉、王梨、紅柿、西瓜涼粉、田草、刺瓜、粉粿、椪柑、芳水梨，蓮霧、香果佮冬瓜；粿仔共荔枝，其性味不齊；甜酸苦辣澀，梅仔酸齒牙。米篩毋通疏；簸箕、敢葫著雙個；糠素、碎米好飼雞；謝籃、布袋著整齊；糴米著草地，糶米著米街；穀場、厝埕好曝粟；曝粟著趕雞，風櫃、舂臼著雙個；白米糶未了，糴粟再來挨；姿娘人袂凍篩，總著挨，袂凍舂，總著耙；喙礁飲冷水，有人食燒茶；卜放尿改換鞋，放尿有峘低，聲音有大細，三個官名有等第；尚書、撫院、總督做一夥。真怪意，予人想袂出即巧物。家內卜椅桌就倩師父做合作；先做長案八仙也卜交椅兼幾桌；椅頭、椅條、六仙桌；學士椅、太師桌柴屏、圍架佮梳妝；跤踏枋、紅眠床，桌枰、桌櫃佮廚門；也卜起祠堂，大杉做中樑，大柱做中門，楹桷緣板著予長；大柱四人扛，石條油麵磚；石柱、石珠、雁子磚；瓦壁、瓦筒、六角磚，六角磚下好花園。十二月尾是年兜，家家戶戶都放炮；有人炊甜粿，有人炊肉包；有人洗茶罐，有人洗茶甌；大人亂操操，囡仔愛年到；也卜換新聯，也卜放大炮，娶新娘，正是年暝兜；頂厝，人裁衣，下厝，人冠笄；人馬挨挨，有人摋鴨，有人摋雞，辭年共一齊。除夕天光(亮)是元旦，老幼相慶讚；老人賀長壽，囡仔賀大漢；萬紫千紅總是春，滿街滿巷穿紅裙；姿娘請做客，男子娶新婚；東街做五福，西街唱郎君有人請檳榔，有人請食薰；有人看弄龍，有人唱崑腔；新春好景緻，迎尪請佛正當時，鼓吹鑼鼓雙爿邊，做頭前，舉大旗；馬隊藝棚車鼓歌，南管北管兼涼傘；閒人盡來看，滿街排香案；嘻嘻嚷嚷，爐主頭家穿袍褂；舉香相帶，卜請五福佮亂彈；四平兼大班，傀儡白字，潮調老戲，九如如意眾人拈鬮，搭廠、搭棚，桌枰、椅頭、椅條佮交椅；擔籠、舖蓋、長柱、短柱佮布帆；大桶、跤桶、面桶、水桶，禾草一百總。有人擔水，有人顧壇；有人看戲，有人添火碗。正二是春頭，眾人迎佛了；有人車肥糞，有人清水溝；也卜買犁耙，也卜換鋤頭；掛喙、鐵搭、割耙齒、犁頭壁、耙仔齒、柴刀、割鍥、鐮刀鋏；棕簑、草笠、刀枷、斧頭、鑿仔、鋸鑢擴刀、轆鑽佮榫鋏。\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Bân-lâm-gú","meta":{"title":"Chhian-kim-phó͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[11,7397,0.001487089360551575],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":7485}} -{"text":"**Tshian-jîn kè-uē** (hàn-gú: 千人計劃; hái-guā ko-tsân-tshù jîn-tsâi ín-tsìn kè-uē (海外高層次人才引進計劃)) sī Tiong-kok kiōng-sán-tóng tiong-iong uí-guân-huē tsoo-tsit-pōo, Tiong-huâ jîn-bîn kiōng-hô-kok jîn-li̍k tsu-guân hām siā-huē pó-tsiong-pōo tsú-kuán, Tiong-iong jîn-tsâi kang-tsok hia̍p-tiāu sió-tsoo 2008-nî 12-gue̍h khí tsoo-tsit si̍t-si kè-uē, kè-uē sì-khoo-liàn-tńg tio̍h Tiong-kok huat-tián tsiàn-lio̍k bo̍k-piau, tiōng-tiám ín-tsìn teh hái-guā ha̍k-si̍p tsō-si̍t ê ko̍-tsân-tshù jîn-tsâi. Teh 2018-nî 9gue̍h 29-ji̍t, tshian-jîn kè-uē tshing-liân hāng-bo̍k phîng-sím kang-tsok sió-tsoo in-uī khó-liông tio̍h kàu hái-guā jîn-tsâi ê an-tsuân pó-tsiong; jî-lâi iau-kiû put-tik tuì-guā kong-khai the̍h-tio̍h \"Tshian-jîn kè-uē\" tsia--ê jī-gán. Tī 2020-nî 4-gue̍h 18-ji̍t, \"Tshian-jîn kè-uē\" teh Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k ê Baidu, Sogou tíng-tíng ê tshiau-tshuē e̋n-jín í-ki̍p Weibo, WeChat tíng-tíng ê siā-kau bāng-lōo ê tshiau-tshuē kiat-kó í-king hông pîn-pâi. (Hàn-gí)\n\nTī 2018-nî liáu-āu, Bí-kok liân-pang tiâu-tsa-kio̍k jīm-uî tsit-ê kè-uē sī-iû Tiong-kok kiōng-sán-tóng tsú-tō; kè-uē sîng-uân khan-kha̍p iû Tiong-huâ jîn-bîn kiōng-hô-kok tsìng-hú tsí-hui hā ê kàn-tia̍p hîng-uî.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"2010中国大陆\"千人计划\"名单全文\". goân-loē-iông tī 2011-06-11 hőng khó͘-pih. 2011-07-16 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n2. ↑ \"分析：中国\"千人计划\"\". *金融時報*. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2019-01-16. 2019-01-16 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n3. ↑ 鍾麗華 (2018-10-14). \"中國千人計畫 涉間諜\". 自由時報. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2019-08-09. 2019-08-09 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n4. ↑ 楊之瑜 (2018-10-14). \"美國FBI已盯上中國「千人計劃」，台灣傳出有33位專家在內\". 關鍵評論. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2019-08-09. 2019-08-09 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n5. ↑ \"多人被美国通缉逮捕后\"千人计划\"突然消失中国网络\". 法國國際廣播電台. 2020-05-07. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2021-11-23. 2022-01-09 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Tiong-kok hêng-tōng kè-ōe\n* Changjiang Scholars Program (長江學者獎勵計劃)\n* Siang-têng tui-sò͘ [en]（siang-tîng tui-sòo; 雙重追訴、雙重危險、雙重危險禁止原則）\n* Choa̍t-tùi-sèng tap-piān [en] (tsua̍t-tuì-sìng tap-piān; 絕對性答辯)\n* Ok-mô͘ kah Amorth sîn-hū\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Chinese Talent Program Tracker at the Center for Security and Emerging Technology","meta":{"title":"Chhian-jîn kè-ōe","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[979,2200,0.445],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2515}} -{"text":"\nTâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn ê lō͘-sòaⁿ-tô͘\n**Tâi-tiong To͘-hōe-khu Tāi-chiòng Chia̍t-ūn Hē-thóng** (臺中都會區大眾捷運系統), kán-chheng **Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn** (臺中捷運) ia̍h **Tiong-chia̍t** (中捷), sī Tâi-oân chi̍t chō heng-kiàn tiong ê tāi-chiòng chia̍t-ūn hē-thóng, ho̍k-bū Tâi-tiong to͘-hōe-khu.\n\nTâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn bāng-lō͘ hoān-ûi hâm-kài Tâi-tiong-chhī, Chiang-hòa-koān kap Lâm-tâu-koān, lō͘-sòaⁿ pau-koat Le̍k-sòaⁿ, Nâ-sòaⁿ, Ki-tiûⁿ-sòaⁿ kap Tāi-pêng-bū-sòaⁿ, lēng-gōa ū Le̍k-sòaⁿ iân-sin chì Chiang-hòa, Tōa-kheⁿ, í-ki̍p Nâ-sòaⁿ tē-jī kai-tōaⁿ téng kè-ōe. Tâi-tiong-chhī jîn-kháu cheng-ka khoài-sok, hō͘ Tâi-tiong Chiang-hòa to͘-hōe-khu ê jîn-kháu chóng-sò͘ í-keng chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-oân tē-jī tōa ê to͘-hōe-khu, tāi-chiòng ūn-su ê su-iàu-sèng kap pek-chhiat-sèng ji̍t-ek cheng-ka, chia̍t-ūn hē-thóng tng-teh heng-kiàn kap kui-ōe tiong.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTâi-oân ê thih-lō͘ ūn-su |\n| --- |\n| |\n| To͘-chhī-kan | \n* Tâi-oân Ko-sok Thih-lō͘\n* Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘\n\n |\n| |\n| Chia̍t-ūn | \n* Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn\n* Sin-pak Chia̍t-ūn\n* Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn\n* Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn\n* Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn\n\n |\n| |\n| Choan-iōng kap koan-kong | \n* A-lí-san Lîm-gia̍p Thih-lō͘\n* Thài-pêng-soaⁿ Sim-lîm Thih-lō͘\n* Tâi-oân Thn̂g-gia̍p Thih-lō͘\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[700,1552,0.45103092783505155],"infobox":["
    Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn
    \n\"Trains
    Trains at Beitun Depot
    Ki-pún chu-sìn
    Só͘-iú-chiá\nTâi-tiong-chhī chèng-hú
    Só͘-chāi\n\"\" Tâi-oân Tâi-tiong-chhī
    Ūn-su hong-sek\nChia̍t-ūn
    Lō͘-sòaⁿ sò͘\n1
    Chhia-chām sò͘\n18
    Bāng-chām\n
    Êng-ūn
    Khai-sí êng-ūn\n25 April 2021
    Êng-ūn-chiá\nTaichung Mass Rapid Transit System Co.--
    Ki-su̍t
    Hē-thóng tn̂g-tō͘\n16.71 km (10.38 mi)
    Kúi-tō piau-chún\n1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
    \n\n\n
    Lō͘-sòaⁿ-tô͘
    \n

    \"Map\"

    \n
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1499}} -{"text":"Tâi-tiān Tōa-lâu Chām ê goa̍t-tâi.\n**Tâi-tiān Tōa-lâu Chām** (Hàn-jī: 台電大樓站; Eng-bûn: Taipower Building Station) sī Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn Siông-san Sin-tiàm Sòaⁿ ê chi̍t ê chia̍t-ūn-chām. Chhia-chām ê ūi-tì tiám Tâi-oân Tâi-pak-chhī Tiong-chèng-khu kah Tāi-an-khu ê kau-kài só͘-chāi.\n\nKài-siāu\n--------\n\nTâi-tiān Tōa-lâu Chām ê chhia-chām khí tī-leh Roosevelt-lō ē-kha kah Su-tāi-lō-kháu hām Sin-hāi-lō-kháu ê tiong-kan. Chhia-chām tāi-bé sī **G9**.\n\n1980 nî-tāi, chhia-chām ê bêng-chheng goân-pún beh hō-chòe \"Sam-chóng Chām\" (三總站), āu-lâi in-ūi Sam-kun Chóng-pēⁿ-īⁿ chóng-pō͘ poaⁿ-sóa kàu Lāi-ô͘-khu, m̄-chiah kái hō-chòe **Tâi-tiān Tōa-lâu Chām**. Put-kò, Tâi-tiān Tōa-lâu Chām kah Tâi-tiān Tōa-lâu si̍t-chè sīong sī bô-kâng só͘-chāi, Tōa-lâu ê ūi-tì sī tī Tâi-tiān Tōa-lâu Chām kah Kong-koán Chām chi-kan.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n|   **Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn Siông-san Sin-tiàm Sòaⁿ** |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n\n---\n\n| | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| **Siông-san Sòaⁿ** | Siông-san - Lâm-kiaⁿ Sam-bîn - Tâi-pak Sió-kū-tàn - Lâm-kiaⁿ Ho̍k-heng ■  - Siông-kang Lâm-kiaⁿ ■  - Tiong-san ■  - Pak-mn̂g ■■■ (→ Se-mn̂g) |\n| |\n| **Sió-lâm-mn̂g Sòaⁿ** | (Pak-mn̂g ←) Se-mn̂g ■  - Sió-lâm-mn̂g - Tiong-chèng Kì-liām-tn̂g ■ (→ Kó͘-têng) |\n| |\n| **Sin-tiàm Sòaⁿ** | (Tiong-chèng Kì-liām-tn̂g ←) Kó͘-têng ■  - Tâi-tiān Tōa-lâu - Kong-koán - Bān-liông - Kéng-bí - Toā-pêⁿ-nâ ■  - Chhit-tiuⁿ ■  - Sin-tiàm Khu-kong-só͘ - Sin-tiàm |\n\n |\n\n |\n| |\n| \n\n---\n\n |\n| |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n |\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tâi-tiān Tōa-lâu Chām","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[494,1292,0.38235294117647056],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1925}} -{"text":"**Norbert Wiener** (1894 nî 11 goe̍h 26 ji̍t tī Missouri, Bí-kok – 1964 nî 3 goe̍h 18 ji̍t tī Stockholm, Sūi-tián) sī Bí-kok sò͘-ha̍k-ka. I sī Khòng-chè-lūn ê chhòng-sí-jîn.\n\nI tī Bi̍t-so͘ -lí chiu Ko-lûn-pí-a chhut-sì, hū-chhin Lí ò· ûi-la̍p sī pho-lân che̍k iû-thài î-bîn, bó-chhin sī tek kok-che̍k iú-thài-lâng. Lí-ò sī ha-hu̍t-tāi-ha̍k su-lá-hu gí-cho̍k ê káng-su, i ēng i chū chhòng ê ko-ap hong-hoat poê-io̍k lo̍k peh te̍k. pîn i ê thian-hūn koh ka-siōng hū-chhin ê poê-io̍k, i chiâⁿ-choè sîn-tông. 1903 nî, i khai-sí ha̍k-hāu tha̍k-chheh; 1906 nî (12-hoè) , ko-tiong pit-gia̍p, tâng-nî 9-ge̍h ji̍p to̍k thah hu-si ha̍k-īⁿ siu-tāu sò͘-ha̍k; 1909 nî (15-hoè) sî i í chhú-tit ha̍k-sū ha̍k-ūi, ji̍p to̍k ha-hu̍t-tāi-ha̍k gián-kiù tōng-bu̍t-ha̍k. chi̍t nî liáu-āu i óng khang tùi-án-ne ní tāi-ha̍k tńg-tiō tiat-ha̍k. 1912 nî, 18-hoè ê i chhú-tit sò͘-lí lô-chip ê phok-sū ha̍k-ūi. \n\nI kàau Eng-kok Kiàm-kiô toè Lô-sò͘, Ha-tāi ha̍k-si̍p, 1914 nî koh tio̍h tek-kok ko têng-kun kap Toā-oē ·Hi-ní-peh-te̍k kap Ia-tek-bông ·Lân tō. liáu-āu i tńg lâi-kàu kiàm-kiô, koh chài tńg lâi-kàu bí-kok. 1915 kau 16 nî, i tī ha-hu̍t kàu-siū tiat-ha̍k, kî liáu-āu ūi thong-iōng tiān-khì kap toā bí pah kho choân chheh kang-chok. Chiàn-cheng kî-kan teh bé lí lân chiu a-peh teng chhì-giām-tiûⁿ chǹg géng tân-tō ha̍k. Chiàn-āu i tī moâ séng lí kong kàu-siū sò͘-ha̍k. I káng-khò ki-khiáu ok-loat, siông-siông nāu chhiò-oē he̍k-sim bô tī teh-iân. \n\nTeh Bâ-séng-lí-kong jīm-kàu sî, i put-sî kàu au-chiu. 1926 nî kap chi̍t e5 tek-kok î-bîn kiat-hun. In-ū-nn̄g ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ. I chú-iàu tī ko têng-kun kap kiàm-kiô, gián-kiù pò͘-lang ūn-tōng, hū li̍p ia̍p piàn-oāⁿ, tiāu kap hun-sek, te̍k lī khek lûi būn-tê kap Tauber hêng tēng-lí tán. \n\nJī-chiàn sî, i tī chhiuⁿ-phàu khòng-chè hong-bīn kang-chok, ín-hoat liáu i tùi thong-sìn lí-lūn ê hèng-chhù, chhiok-sêng liáu khòng-chè lūn ê tàn-seng. Chiàn liáu-āu hoat-seng liáu chi̍t-kiāⁿ koài-sū. i iau-chhiáⁿ liáu jîn-kang tì-hūi, tiān-náu kho-ha̍k kap sîn-keng sim-lí-ha̍k ê siàu-liân ha̍k-chiá kah-moâ séng lí kong. tng-chit-phe ha̍k-chiá lâi kàu-sî, i khah tu̍t-jiân toān-choa̍t só͘-ū lâi-óng. chit khó-lêng iû i ê sîn-keng chit sèng-keh ín-khí. i ê chhù cho̍k-tiong pau-koat sió-tī tán, ū giâm-tiōng ê cheng-sîn hun-lia̍t chèng pīⁿ-sú, á ûi la̍p pún-sin chiah ū-tāng tō͘ ê kīn-sī(teh-bâ séng lí kong jīm-kàu sî, chha-put-to tit-ēng-chhiú-bong-tio̍h chhiûⁿ-piah kiâⁿ-lō͘)kap giâm-tiōng ê sò ut-chèng. sò chèng hoat-choh sî, i hong kông sāi ê cháu piàn hāu-hn̂g, ǹg pa̍t-lâng soan-thoân i ê hoat-hiān. Á ut-chèng chèng-chōng sán-seng sî, i chek-kúi nā pái-hiòng-moâ séng ê tông-sū lia̍t bûn sim soat-bêng ka-kī ê chū-sat liām-thâu. \n\nJī-chiàn chi-āu, i tùi kho-ha̍k gián-kiù ê chèng-tī éng-hióng kap kho-ha̍k ê kun-sū iōng-tô͘ koh khah koan-chù. i kū-choa̍t ūi kun-sū ki-hâi kang-chok. \n\n1964 nî i tī sūi-tián su tek ko ní mô óng-seng.","meta":{"title":"Norbert Wiener","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2788,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3246}} -{"text":"Norah Jones (2007)\n**Norah Jones** (pún-miâ **Geetali Norah Shankar**; 1979 nî 3 goe̍h 30 ji̍t chhut-sì ) sī chi̍t ūi Bí-kok ê cha-bó͘ koa-chhiú, chok-khek-ka kiam ián-oân. I ū Eng-kok-hē Bí-kok-lâng kap Ìn-tō͘-hē Bēng-ka-la-lâng ê hiat-thóng. I sī ián-chàu-ka Ravi Shankar ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ, iā sī Anoushka Shankar ê bô-kāng lāu-bú ê a-ché. I tī 2002 nî hoat-piáu i-ê tē-it tiuⁿ choan-chi̍p *Come Away with Me*, che sī i ián-gē seng-gâi ê thâu-chhut. Chit tiuⁿ su-chêng chiok-sū-ga̍k choan-chi̍p thè i iâⁿ-tit 5 hāng Grammy Chióng. Jones jiân-āu tī 2004 nî hoat-piáu i-ê tē-jī tiuⁿ choan-chi̍p *Feels Like Home*. 2007 nî, i hoat-piáu i-ê tē-saⁿ tiuⁿ choan-chi̍p *Not Too Late*, kāng chi̍t nî iā chham-ú *My Blueberry Nights* ê ián-chhut, che sī i tē-it pái ê tiān-iáⁿ chhut-ián. 2009 nî, hoat-piáu choan-chi̍p *The Fall*. I tī Bí-kok kap thong-sè-kài hun-pia̍t ū chhiau-kòe 2000-bān kap 5000-bān ê choan-chi̍p siau-siû-liōng, sī 2000 nî-tāi siōng-kài thiòng-siau ê cha-bó͘ chiok-sū-ga̍k koa-chhiú.\n\nGoā-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Norah Jones*** |\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām\n* Norah Jones tī Bāng-lō͘ Tiān-iáⁿ Chu-liāu-khò͘\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 84228225\n* LCCN: no2002031942\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 1476 1570\n* GND: 129256706\n* SUDOC: 078062551\n* BNF: cb14056888n (data)\n* BIBSYS: 3089655\n* MusicBrainz: 985c709c-7771-4de3-9024-7bda29ebe3f9\n* NLA: 49782513\n* NKC: js20030331002\n* BNE: XX4815983\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Norah Jones","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[369,1324,0.27870090634441086],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1697}} -{"text":"\n  Hun-in ha̍p-hoat khai-hòng hō͘ tông-sèng phoāⁿ-lī\n  Sêng-jīn kî-thaⁿ kok-ka / tē-hng ê tông-sèng hun-in\n  Chèng-hú / hoat-īⁿ sêng-jīn tông-sèng hun-in\n  Bîn-sū kiat-ha̍p / chù-chheh phoāⁿ-lī koan-hē\n  Hui ha̍p-hoat\n\n**Tông-sèng hun-in** (同性婚姻; *same-sex marriage*) sī kāng-khoán sèng-pia̍t ê nn̄g lâng chi-kan tè-kiat hun-in koan-hē. Che mā hō͘ tông-sèng hun-in chi-chhî-chiá hō-chò **hun-in pêng-khoân** (婚姻平權). Bo̍k-chiân, thong-sè-kài ū 20 ê kok-ka kap 13 ê chū-tī léng-tē tī choân léng-he̍k lāi ê hoat-lu̍t tiong siat ū tông-sèng hun-in chè-tō͘; 2 ê kok-ka kap 1 ê chū-tī léng-tē ê pō͘-hūn tē-khu ū chit-khoán chè-tō͘. Lēng-goā, ū 16 ê kok-ka, 1 ê chū-tī léng-tē choân-kéng, í-ki̍p 6 ê kok-ka ê pō͘-hūn tē-khu, tī hoat-lu̍t siōng bô hō-chò \"hun-in\", tān-sī ióng-iú hām hun-in si̍t-chè kāng-khoán ia̍h-sī chi̍t pō͘-hūn hun-in khoân-lī gī-bū ê tông-sèng bîn-sū kiat-ha̍p he̍k-chiá seng-oa̍h phoāⁿ-lī ê chè-tō͘.","meta":{"title":"Tông-sèng hun-in","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,917,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1062}} -{"text":"**Chhùi-khiuⁿ ōe-seng** (*oral hygiene*) kán-tan kóng tio̍h-sī chhùi-lāi pó-chhî chheng-khì. Khí-khiuⁿ ōe-seng hun-chò kò-jîn ta̍k-kang kap khí-kho tēng-kî 2 hong-bīn. Kò-jîn ta̍k-kang chò-hó chhùi-khiuⁿ ōe-seng sī ī-hông chiù-khí, khí-hōaⁿ-iām, khí-chiu-iām, kap kî-thaⁿ chhùi-khí chit-pēⁿ siāng-hó ê mê-kak. I mā ē-tàng ī-hông chhùi-chhàu (*halitosis*). Chhùi-khiuⁿ ōe-seng sī ta̍k-ê-lâng ta̍k-kang ài-chò ê khang-khòe. Ū hāu-lu̍t ê chhùi-khiuⁿ ōe-seng khì-tû chhùi-khí piáu-bīn ê khí-khún-pan hō· lán ū kiàn-khong ê chhùi-khí kap khí-hōaⁿ.\n\nKò-jîn ê khang-khòe\n-------------------\n\nSiāng-tiōng-iáu ê ke-si:\n\n* Khí-bín kap khí-sòaⁿ: Hó-liâu-á ū khí-bín lù-chhùi-khí kap ū khí-sòaⁿ chheng chhùi-khí-phāng phang-chān khì-tû khí-khún-pan kap ī-hông khí-tái ê seⁿ-sêng. Phó-thong lâi-kóng, ta̍k-ê-lâng ta̍k-kang ài sé 1-kái chhùi-khí, kap sú-iōng 1-kái khí-sòaⁿ. Te̍k-sû ê chêng-hêng pí-jû chò chhùi-khí kiáu-chèng ê lâng ta̍k-kái chia̍h mi̍h-kiāⁿ tio̍h-ài liâm-mi sé-chhùi kap sú-iōng khí-sòaⁿ. Ká-sú m̄-chāi án-chóaⁿ sé-chhùi kap sú-iōng khí-sòaⁿ, tio̍h-ài chhéng-kàu gê-i-su.\n\nKî-thaⁿ hú-chō· ê ke-si:\n\n* Khí-thok: Ē-sái î-tû chhùi-khí-phāng ê chhài-iù-á kap bah-iù-á.\n* Tiān-tōng khí-bín: Sek-ha̍p chhiú-pō· bô lī-piān ê lâng.\n* Chhùi-khí chúi-chhiâⁿ (*water irrigation*): Thâu-seng lâi chang-cháu pn̄g-chhài-iù-á.\n* Hâm-fluoride ê lo̍k-chhùi-chúi he̍k khí-ko: Ē-sái tn̂g-kî sú-iōng lâi kiám-chió chiù-khí ê ki-lu̍t.\n* Hâm sat-khún he̍k ek-khún seng-hun ê lo̍k-chhùi-chúi: Tī gî-i-su chí-tō chi-hā té-kî sú-iōng, ē-tàng kiám-chió khí-khún-pan ê seⁿ-sêng.\n* Tùi-khòng chhùi-khí sng-nńg ê khí-ko\n* I-poaⁿ sêng-hun ê khí-ko\n\nLēng-gōa ài chù-ì ê tāi-chì:\nOa̍h-chô ké-chhùikhí, khí-lia̍t kiáu-chèng ê oa̍h-tōng chong-tī (*removable appliance*) mā-ài ta̍k-kang iōng khí-bín kah chheng-chúi (m̄-bián khí-ko) lù hō· chheng-khí, kú-kú-á iōng chheng-kiat-chē chheng-kiat 1--ê.\n\nKhí-kho ê chiàu-kò·\n-------------------\n\nKò-jîn ê ōe-seng khang-khòe chò-liáu ū làu-kau ê só·-chāi, kú-á tio̍h-ē seⁿ-chhut khí-tái, sīm-chí chiù-khí kap khí-chiu-pēⁿ. Tēng-kî khì gê-i-su hia chò kiám-cha, ē-tàng thê-chá chhōe-chhut kap kái-koat būn-tê. Choan-gia̍p ê khí-kho siāng ki-pún pau-koah ū chhiau-im-pho sé-khí-ki khe-tû khí-tái, [chiù-khí thiⁿ-pó·]], kin-kńg tī-liâu, chiù-khí bán-tû téng-téng.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* *NIH site on Oral Hygiene*","meta":{"title":"Chhùi-khiuⁿ oē-seng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1035,2333,0.44363480497213886],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2722}} -{"text":"**Chhùi-khí ê piàn-sek** (*dental discoloration*) ē-sái hun-chò gōa-pō·-sèng kap lāi-pō·-sèng 2-ê hong-bīn lâi-khòaⁿ.\n\nGōa-pō·-sèng piàn-sek\n---------------------\n\nGōa-pō·-sèng piàn-sek tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī kio̍k-pō·-sèng--ê, hoat-seng tī chhùi-khí gōa-khàu têng khí-iū-chit ê piáu-bīn. Khí-iū-chit piáu-bīn kim-ku̍t kim-ku̍t, chiok-chió mô·-kńg-khang, m̄-koh kú--á iah-sī ē ū 1-têng po̍h-po̍h--á ê sek-sò· tîm-chek tī piáu-bīn. Gōa-pō·-sèng piàn-sek ê lâi-goân ū ē-kha chit kúi-hāng.\n\n* Chia̍h-hun\n* Lim tê-bí-tê\n* Lim ka-pi\n* Pō· png-nn̂g\n* Lo̍k-chhùi-chúi (hâm-iú *chlorohexidine*)\n* Sè-khún sán-sek (*chromophilic bacteria*)\n* Khí-hoāⁿ lâu-hoeh\n* Kî-thaⁿ ū sek-sò· ê chia̍h-mi̍h\n\nLāi-pō·-sèng piàn-sek\n---------------------\n\nLāi-pō·-sèng piàn-sek hoat-seng tī khí-iū-chit he̍k khí-pún-chit lāi-té, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī choân-bīn-sèng--ê, éng-hióng tio̍h kui-ê khí-lia̍t. Lāi-pō·-sèng piàn-sek sī chhùi-khí hoat-io̍k kòe-têng siū-tio̍h éng-hióng sò· ín-khí. I-ê goân-in ū :\n\n### Fluoride\n\nFluoride : chho·-kî sī pe̍h-sek ê pan-tiám he̍k tiâu-hûn, āu--lâi in-ūi gōa-lâi ní-sek pìⁿ-chiâⁿ chhián ka-pi-sek.\n\n### Tetracycline\n\nTetracycline: Tetracycline chū 1948 nî khai-sí sú-iōng, tāi-iok tī 1950 nî-tāi āu-kî tio̍h hoat-hiān tùi chhùi-khí ū ní-sek ê chok-iōng, só·-í FDA chá--tio̍h kéng-kò, tû-hui cho̍ah-tùi pit-iàu, mài sú-iōng tī ū-sin ê hū-jîn-lâng kiau 8 hòe í-hā ê gín-á. Tetracycline ē kah kut-thâu kiau chhùi-khí ê calcium sêng-hūn kiat-ha̍p, tui-chek tī tng-teh kài-hòa ê só·-chāi, chō-sêng kut-thâu kiau chhùi-khí ê pìⁿ-sek. In-ūi chhùi-khí bô-siūⁿ kut-thâu ē tô-thoah kū--ê, ōaⁿ-chò sin--ê, chit-chióng ní-sek ē éng-oán lâu-tī chhùi-khí.\nTetracycline ní-sek chú-iàu hoat-seng tī chhùi-khí ê khí-pún-chit sêng-tióng-sòaⁿ (*incremental line*) só·-chāi, koh thàu-kòe sió-kóa-á thàu-bêng ê khí-iū-chit têng-hiān--chhut-lâi. In-ūi khí-iū-chit kap khí-pún-chit kâng-sî hoat-io̍k, kâng 1-pái ê tetracycline che-liōng ē tī chit 2 chióng cho·-chit lāi-té tîm-chek, ah m̄-koh khí-pun-chit ê tîm-chek pí khí-iū-chit khah-kôan 4 pōe, che-sī in-ūi khí-pún-chit ê hydroxyapatite chiⁿ-thé khah-sè, chóng-bīn-chek tio̍h pí khí-iū-chit ê hydroxyapatite chiⁿ-thé khah-tōa, só·-í khí-pún-chit khip-siu ê tetracycline tio̍h pí khí-iū-chit khah-chē. \nTetracycline m̄-nā ē tī gín-á mā-ē tī tn̂g-kî sú-iōng ê tōa-lâng ê chhùi-khí chō-sêng pìⁿ-sek. Ū 1-ê case pò-kò sī, tn̂g-kî sú-iōng tetracycline tī-liâu thiâu-á-chí, chō-sêng chhùi-khí pìⁿ-sek ê lē. Che khó-lêng sī in-ūi khí-pún-chit ē it-ti̍t hêng-sêng (*secondary dentin*), tetracycline kah i kiat-ha̍p ê koan-hē.\nTetracycline ní-sek ê têng-tō· kap mô·-iūⁿ kiau chia̍h io̍h-á ê kî-kan tn̂g-té kap chhùi-khí ê hêng-sêng kai-tōaⁿ iú-koan, kiau ta̍k-pái ho̍k-iōng-liōng, ho̍k-iōng làng-phāng he̍k chóng ho̍k-iōng-liōng mā-ū koan-hē. Àn-chiàu ho̍k-iōng io̍h-bu̍t ê chióng-lūi, piàn-sek ki-pún-siōng ē-sái hun-chò ka-pi-sek hē-lia̍t kap phú-á-sek hē-lia̍t. Ah in-ūi gín-á sî-chūn, io̍h-bu̍t ho̍k-iōng sî-kan kap éng-kiú-khí khí-koan hêng-sêng ê só·-chāi ū koan-liân, ē-tit ùi éng-kiú-khí ê piǹ-sek hoān-ûi lâi thui-chhek sī tī kúi-hōe ho̍k-iōng só·-tì. Siù tetracycline ní-sek ê chhùi-khí khí-chho· sī n̂g-sek--ê, āu--lāi khì-hō· ji̍t-thâu-kng chiò--tio̍h chiah pìⁿ-chiâⁿ ka-pi-sek he̍k phú-á-sek, só·-í kiū-khí só·-chāi ê ní-sek tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ tn̂g-kî î-chhî n̂g-sek, ah thâu-chêng-khí ê ní-sek tio̍h chiâⁿ-chá pìⁿ-chiâⁿ ka-pi-sek he̍k phú-á-sek. \n\n**Tetracycline piàn-sek**| Io̍h-miâ | Piàn-sek |\n| --- | --- |\n| oxytetracycline(Terramycin) | chhián-n̂g (*light yellow*) |\n| tetracycline(Achromycin) | n̂g (*yellow*) |\n| minocycline | chheⁿ kàu chhim-phú-á-sek (*green to dark gray*) |\n| chlortetracycline(Aureomycin) | phú-á kàu ka-pi (*gray-brown*) |\n| doxycycline | siang-bē pìⁿ-sek (*least discoloring*) |\n\n### Kî-thaⁿ goân-in\n\n* Amelogenesis imperfecta\n* Ricketts\n* Malnutrition\n* Metabolism disorders\n* Khí-pún-chit-hêng-sêng put-liông (dentinogenesis imperfecta)\n* Osteogenesis imperfecta\n* Hyperbilirubinemia\n* Porphyria: âng-sek\n* Secondary dentin formation\n* Thinning of enamel\n* Chippings or microfractures of enamel\n\nChhùi-khí piàn-sek ê chhú-lí hoat-tō·\n-------------------------------------\n\n**Chhùi-khí piàn-sek ê chhú-lí hoat-tō·**| Sek-chúi | Goân-in | Chhú-lí ê hoat-tō· |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Pe̍h-sek | Fluorosis | Gián-boâ (*micro abrasion*), hûi-á-têng (*porcelain veneer*) |\n| Phú-á-sek thàu-lām khóng-sek | Khí-pún-chit-hêng-sêng put-liông, tetracycline, kin-kńg thiâm-that-bu̍t ê ióng-hòa-gîn (*silver oxide*) | Hûi-á-têng |\n| Phú-á-sek | Fluorosis, nó·-hoà pìⁿ-sek (*age-related discoloration*), tetracycline | Hûi-á-têng |\n| Chhián n̂g-sek | Nó·-hoà pìⁿ-sek, tetracycline, khí-chhóe hāi-sí (*pulp necrosis*) | Phioh-pe̍h |\n| Ka-pi-sek | Fluorosis, tetracycline, chiù-khí | Phioh-pe̍h, hûi-á-têng, ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí (*composite resin*) |\n| O·-sek | Chiù-khí, fluorosis, gîn-hún só·-tì ê pìⁿ-sek | Ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí, hûi-á-têng, hûi-á-khí (*porcelain crown*) |","meta":{"title":"Chhùi-khí ê piàn-sek","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1420,4684,0.3031596925704526],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5557}} -{"text":"Phīⁿ-chhùi, nâ-thâu (*pharynx*) kap âu-thâu (*larynx*) ê sí-chōng chhiat-bīn. \n**Chhùi** (*mouth*), loē-pō͘ khong-kan kiò **chhùi-khiuⁿ** (*oral cavity*), sī jîn-lūi he̍k-chiá tōng-bu̍t chia̍h mi̍h-kiāⁿ tē-1 ê ji̍p-kháu thong-tō, i-poaⁿ sī ūi-tī thâu-pō·. Tāi-pō·-hūn ê tōng-bu̍t ū 1-thò ho̍k-cha̍p ê siau-hòa hē-thóng, ū siang-ê khui-chhùi, ji̍p-kháu sī chhùi, chhut-káu sī kha-chhng (*anus*). Mā-koh iah-ū tōng-bu̍t kan-taⁿ ū 1-ê khui-chhùi, chia̍h-ji̍p kap pâi-chhut sī kāng-1-ê. \n\nChiâⁿ-chē ê tōng-bu̍t chhùi-lāi koh-ū chhùi-kì (*mouthparts*) lâi pō·-kā chia̍h-mih he̍k chù-siā to̍k-sio̍h. \nTī jîn-lūi, chhùi ê gōa-bīn ū téng-koân kap ē-kha 2-phìⁿ chhùi-tûn, in ū kóng-ōe (*speech*), gân-bīn piáu-chêng (*facial expression*), sio-chim (*kissing*), khip-ún (*sucking*), téng-téng kong-lêng. \n\nJîn-tiong (*philtrum*) sī téng-koân chhùi-tûn tiong-hng 1-tiâu khiā-ti̍t ê lap-o·, sī phoe-thai hoat-io̍k kî-kan nasomedial and maxillary processes sio-kap chò-hóe ê hûn-jiah. Nā-sī bô oân-choân sio-kap sêng-kong, tio̍h chhut-hiān khih-tûn, khih-chhùi he̍k Cleft palate ê chêng-hêng. \n\nTī jîn-lūi, chhùi-lāi iah-ū chhùi-khí, chhùi-chi̍h, khí-hōaⁿ, kap liâm-mo̍h ê khì-koan he̍k cho·-chit.\n\nKái-phò\n-------\n\nChhùi-khiuⁿ (*cavum oris*) ê tâu-chêng sī chhùi-tûn, bóe-āu sī chhùi-ian (*oropharynx*), lāi-té ū chhùi-khí, khí-chô kap chhùi-chi̍h, sì-bīn-pia̍h pau-hok chhùi-khiuⁿ liâm-mo̍h (*oral mucosa*). Í chhùi-khí he̍k bû-khí-chiah (*edentulous ridge*) chò hun-kài, chhùi-khí chìn-chêng ê chhùi-khiuⁿ sī chhùi-khiuⁿ chiân-têng-khu (*vestibulum oris*), koh ē-tàng iù-siù kā hun-chò tûn-chiân-têng-khu (*labial vestibule*) kap giap-chiân-têng-khu (*buccal vestibule*). Chhùi-khí he̍k bû-gê-chiah ê āu-bīn sī chiàⁿ-chhùi-khiuⁿ (*cavum oris proprium*), chhùi-chi̍h tī chia--nih. \n\nChhùi-khiuⁿ liâm-mo̍h ū 2-lūi, 1-lūi sī kak-hòa siōng-phôe, lēng 1-lūi sī hui-kak-hòa siōng-phôe. Chhùi-chi̍h ê téng-koân piáu-bīn, hard palate, kap chhùi-khí piⁿ-á kúi-ê mm ê khí-hōaⁿ sī kak-hòa siōng-phôe, kî-thaⁿ só·-chāi sī hui-kak-hòa siōng-phôe. Chhùi-khiuⁿ liâm-mo̍h ê sek-tī ki-pun-siōng sī âng-sek--ê, kak-hòa siōng-phôe ê sek-tī khah chhián-sek, bōng--khí-lâi khah tēng-ngē, chhin-chhiūⁿ bē tín-tāng; hui-kak-hòa siōng-phôe sek-tī khah chhim-sek, khah jiû-nńg, gâu tín-tāng, bî-hoeh-kńg khòaⁿ khah bêng-hián.","meta":{"title":"Chhùi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,2235,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2581}} -{"text":"**Chhùi-nōa** (*saliva*) sī chhùi-nōa-sòaⁿ (*salivary gland*) hun-pì-bu̍t kap khí-gîn sìm-chhut-sio̍h (*gingival fluid exudate*) ê hūn-ha̍p-bu̍t, bô-sek thàu-bêng sió-kóa-á sng-sng, koh ū-sî ko-ko. I hâm-ū 99.42 % ê chúi kap 0.58 % ê kò·-thé; pí-tāng (*specific gravity*) 1.003; pH 6.35-6.85; 24 tiám-cheng ê hūn-pì-liōng sī 1500 ml. Bû-ki ê sêng-hun pau-koah chloride, bicarbonate, kap sodium í-ki̍p calcium, sulfate, kap phosphate. Iú-ki ê sêng-hun pau-koah amylase, mucin, kap khah chió-liōng ê nn̄g-pe̍h-chit, urea, glucose, lactic acid, phosphatase, kap carbonic anhydrase.\n\nJîn-lūi chhùi-nōa ê hun-pì siū-tio̍h tōa-náu phôe-chân ê khòng-chè, iah-mā siū-tio̍h chia̍h-si̍t, khoân-kéng, nî-hòe, sim-chiâⁿ, kap chhùi-nōa-sòaⁿ chit-pēⁿ téng-téng ê éng-hióng.\n\nChhùi-nōa ê chú-iàu kong-lêng sī sip-jūn chia̍h-mi̍h kap chhùi-khiuⁿ liâm-mo̍k, lī-piān chia̍h-mi̍h lia̍p-kô· (*bolus*) thong-kòe chia̍h-tō (si̍t-tō; *esophagus*); koh-lâi-ê kong-lêng sī chhùi-nōa ê amylase siau-hòa hun-kái tiān-hún (*starch*) kap dextrins piàn-sêng be̍h-gê-thn̂g (*maltose*). I mā-ū chheng-kiat kap tām-po̍h-á sat-khún (*bactericidal*) ê kong-lêng. \n\nChhùi-nōa ē-tàng the̍h-lâi kiám-cha sin-thé ê chit-pēⁿ, pí-jû-kóng AIDS, gâm-chèng. Tú hun-pì chhut--lâi ê chèng-siông ê chhùi-nōa sī bô sè-khún téng-téng pēⁿ-goân-thé--ê , mā-koh lâi-kàu chhùi-khiuⁿ siū-tio̍h u-jiám tio̍h khai-sí chham-lām chiok-chē sè-khún.","meta":{"title":"Chhùi-noā","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1359,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1558}} -{"text":"**Siau Lē-hông**(蕭麗紅; 1950-) sī Tâi-uân Ka-gī tsin tshut-miâ ê sió-suat tsok-ka. Siau ê bûn-jī ū kóo-tián ê tsîng-huâi, mā sī Tâi-uân lú-sìng bûn-ha̍k ê tāi-piáu.\n\nSing-pîng\n---------\n\n5 huè ê sî-tsūn, Lē-hông ê lāu-pē in-uī kiù-hué sí-bông; lāu-bú to̍k-tsū ióng-tshī in 3 hiann-tī-tsí-muē, ka-kàu hui-siông giâm-keh. Sè-hàn Lē-hông tiānn-tiānn kah a-má tuà tsò-hué, liáu-kái tsng-kha sóo-tsāi ê gí-giân, sìn-gióng kah hong-sio̍k, mā tsin bê kòo-hiong Pòo-tē ê kua-á-hì. Lē-hông tī tiong-ha̍k sî-tāi tō khai-sí tshòng-tsok. 1966 nî 9 gue̍h, tē-it phinn suànn-bûn *Láu-khì ji̍t-tsí--lí tik bōng*(老去日子裡的夢) khan-ting tsāi Liân-ha̍p-pò hù-khan. Tâng-nî ê 11 kah 12 gue̍h, sio̍k-khan *Ún-khì pho-bûn tik khong-kan*(隱去波紋的空間) kah *To sī ná thài-iông*(都是那太陽).\n\nTsok-phín\n---------\n\n* *Tshian-kang iú suí tshian-kang gua̍t* (千江有水千江月)\n* *Kuì-hue-hāng* (桂花巷)\n* *Pi̍k-suí-ôo tshun-bōng* (白水湖春夢)\n* *Thô-hue ú tsìng-kó* (桃花與正果)\n* *Líng-kim-tshiam* (冷金籤)","meta":{"title":"Siau Lē-hông","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[164,914,0.17943107221006566],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1090}} -{"text":"**Jîn-tō-chú-gī** (人道主義; *humanitarianism*) sī tiōng-sī jîn-lūi kè-ta̍t ê su-sióng, te̍k-pia̍t sī koan-sim siōng-ki-pún ê lâng ê sèⁿ-miā kap ki-pún seng-chûn chōng-hóng. Koan-chù ê sī lâng ê hēng-hok, kiông-tiāu jîn-lūi chi-kan ê hō͘-chō͘ koan-ài, hām tiōng-sī jîn-lūi ê kè-ta̍t. Siong-tùi-tek, lēng-gōa ū tiōng-sī sîn-bêng, tiōng-sī chū-jiân ia̍h-sī tiōng-sī tōng-bu̍t téng-téng ê su-sióng chú-tiuⁿ. \n\nJîn-tō-chú-gī kap jîn-pún-chú-gī í-ki̍p jîn-bûn-chú-gī ū bi̍t-chhiat ê koan-hē. Ti se-hong, jîn-tō-chú-gī kap jîn-pún-chú-gī sīm-chì iōng kāng chi̍t-ê bêng-sû lâi piáu-ta̍t. Tī se-hong, jîn-tō-chú-gī khí-goân tī Au-chiu ê bûn-gē-ho̍k-heng sî-kî, chiam-tùi Ki-tok-kàu kàu-hōe thóng-tī siā-hōe ê sîn-tō-chú-gī lâi hêng-sêng ê chi̍t-khoán su-tiâu. Āu-lâi mā iân-sin chò hû-chō͘ jio̍k-chiá ê chû-siān cheng-sîn.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Jîn-pún-chú-gī\n* Jîn-bûn-chú-gī","meta":{"title":"Jîn-tō-chú-gī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[33,876,0.03767123287671233],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1006}} -{"text":"**Siau Thài-jiân** (hàn-jī: 蕭泰然; 1938 nî 1 goe̍h 1 ji̍t – 2015 nî 2 goe̍h 24), sī Tâi-oân ê im-ga̍k-ka. I tī Ko-hiông Chhī chhut-sì, pún-sin kiam ū kǹg-khîm-ka, chí-hui-ka kap chok-khek-ka ê châi-chêng. I chi̍t-sì-lâng lóng tì-sim tì-koaⁿ beh kā Tâi-oân ê pún-thó͘ im-ga̍k kiat-ha̍p Se-kok im-ga̍k chò chhòng-chok. Ū \"Tâi-oân ê Rachmaninov - Siōng-boé 1 ê lōng-bān-chú-gī kǹg-khîm si-jîn\" ê miâ-siaⁿ.\n\nChok-phín\n---------\n\nSiau Thài-jiân ê chhòng-chok chin to-goân, ū kau-hióng-khek, koa-kio̍k, mā ū gē-su̍t-koa-khek kap sèng-ga̍k. I ê gē-su̍t-koa-khek ū Siōng Súi ê Hoe, Éng-oán ê Kò͘-hiong, M̄-thang Hiâm Tâi-oân.\n\nSeng-pêng\n---------\n\n### Chá-liân (1938-1977)\n\nSiau Thài-jiân tī 1938 nî chiaⁿ--goe̍h chhoe-it tī Tâi-oân Ko-hiông Hōng-soaⁿ chhut-sì, ka-têng sī sio̍k-tī Tiúⁿ-ló kàu-hoē ê sìn-gióng. In a-kong Siau Ki-goân sī ùi Tâi-lâm Sîn-ha̍k-īⁿ chut-gia̍p ê thoân-tō-su. Lāu-pē Siau Sūi-an sī liû-ha̍k Ji̍t-pún ê Khí-kho i-seng, koh kiam Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hoē ê tiúⁿ-ló. Bió-chhin Siau Lîm Soat sī liû-ha̍k Ji̍t-pún ê kǹg-khîm-ka. Chit-hō poē-kéng, hō͘ Siau Thài-jiân chū sè-hàn tō chiap-chhiok kàu-hoē im-ga̍k kap Se-kok kó͘-tián im-ga̍k ê tò͘-jiám. I 5 hoè hō͘ a-bú khé-bêng o̍h kǹg-khîm, 7 hoè tō kong-khai ián-chàu, i chò gín-á ê sî-tāi im-ga̍k kàu-io̍k bô phó͘-ki̍p, iā i tha̍k sió-ha̍k kap tiong-ha̍k ê sî, choaⁿ-á hū-chek pau-koat lūi-kî, pí-sài, piáu-ián kap hāu-khèng téng-téng ê im-ga̍k khang-khoè.\n\nKok-tiong pit-gia̍p liáu-āu i tha̍k Tâi-lâm Chhī ê Tióng-êng Tiong-o̍h, chò khí-kho-i ê lāu-pē goân-té ǹg-bāng kiáⁿ ē-tàng soà-chiap i-poat, ài i chut-gia̍p liáu-āu khì tha̍k i-ha̍k-īⁿ, sī Tióng-êng Tiong-o̍h ê ha̍k-hāu-tiúⁿ Tè Bêng-hok sioh châi, soeh-ho̍k in a-pah, chiah hō͘ i khì tha̍k im-ga̍k.\n\nSiau Thài-jiân ko-tiong 3 nî ê sî toè liû-Ji̍t ê kǹg-khîm-ka Ko Gím-hoa o̍h khîm, 1950 nî khó-tiâu Tâi-oân Séng-li̍p Su-hoān Ha̍k-īⁿ Im-ga̍k Choan-siu Kho (Chit-má ê Tâi-oân Su-hoān Tāi-ha̍k Im-ga̍k Hē), boé--a chú-siu kǹg-khîm ián-chàu, pài liû-Bí ê Lí Hù-bí chò lāu-su, i siū-tio̍h hit-tang-chūn tú ùi Hoat-kok tńg--lâi ê im-ga̍k-ka Khó͘ Siông-hūi chù-ì, chí-tō i o̍h chok-khek, iā sìn-gióng Ki-tok-kàu ê Siau Thài-jiân hit-chūn í-keng ū chhì siá koá chong-kàu koa-khek kap ha̍p-chhiùⁿ-khek. 1963 nî pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, i kap pêⁿ-pêⁿ sī Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hoē ê Ko Jîn-chû kiat-hun, tī hit-sî-chūn ê Ko-hiông Jī-tiong (taⁿ ê Ko-hiông Tiong-ha̍k) chho͘-tiong Pō͘ chò im-ga̍k kàu-su.\n\n1965 nî, i khì Ji̍t-pún ê Musashino Tāi-ha̍k liû-ha̍k, m̄-nā o̍h kǹg-khîm, mā o̍h chok-khek.\n\n1967 nî i tńg-lâi Ko-hiông, ū 10 tang ê sî-kan chò kàu-ha̍k, ián-chhut kap hoat-piáu, chú-iàu sī kà kǹg-khîm, lēng-goā ū chok-khek, chêng-chêng āu-āu bat tī Ko-hiông Bûn-chó Lú-chú Goā-gí Choan-hāu, Ko-hiông Lú Su-choan (taⁿ ê Ko-hiông Su-hoān Tāi-ha̍k) , Tâi-lâm Ka-choan kap Tâi-lâm Sîn-ha̍k-iⁿ kà-chheh.\n\n### Khì Bí-kok (1977-1995)\n\n1977 nî, in-ūi khan-chhiú seng-lí sit-pāi, in chi̍t-ke-hoé-á ko͘-put-chiong lī-khui Tâi-oân khì Bí-kok Atlanta oá-khó sió-mōe, tī hia keng-êng gē-phín tiàm seng-oa̍h, Siau Thài-jiân tī chit toāⁿ sî-kan khai-sí chéng-lí Tâi-oân bîn-iâu, koh kā kái-pian chò ián-chàu-khek, pí-lūn Bāng Chhun-hong, Tâi-oân Tiāu, Hông-hun ê Kò͘-hiong, Su-siang-ki-Hêng-chhun Kó͘-tiāu téng-téng, kāng-sî mā chhòng-chok Tâi-gí koa-iâu kap hoâi-hiong koa-khek, chhin-chhiūⁿ \"Chhut-gōa-lâng\" (1978), \"M̄-thang Hiâm Tâi-oân\" (1987), \"Iû-chú Hôe hiong\" (1989), 1980 nî in-ūi chhòng-chok \"Chhut-thâu-thiⁿ Chìn-hêng-khek\" hō͘ Kok-bîn-tóng chèng-hú liat-ji̍p o͘-miâ-toaⁿ, it-ti̍t kah 1995 nî chiah kái-tû.\n\n1986 nî Siau Thài-jiân chìn-ji̍p Ka-chiu Chiu-li̍p Tāi-ha̍k Los Angeles Hun-hāu tha̍k chok-khek se̍k-sū, 1987 nî liáu-āu the̍h-tio̍h ha̍k-ūi. 1988 nî kàu 1990 nî tiong-kan, i oân-sêng i ê tāi-piáu-chok: 3 siú hia̍p-chàu-khek: \"D Toā-tiāu Chhiú-khîm Hia̍p-chàu-khek Chok-phín 50\", \"C Toā-tiāu Chhé-loh Hia̍p-chàu-khek Chok-phín 52\", kap \"C Sió-tiāu Kǹg-khîm Hia̍p-chàu-khek Chok-phín 53\".\n\n1993 nî i hē-chhiú chhòng-chok kì-liām 228 sū-kiāⁿ ê toā-hêng koán-hiân ga̍k-khek \"1947 Sū-khek\". hit-tiong-kan bat in-ūi sim-chōng toā-me̍h-kóng phoà-lia̍t ji̍p-īⁿ thâi-koah, tán chiàu-goân liáu-āu, chiah tī 1994 oân-sêng.\n\n### Tńg-kok (1995-)\n\nPian-chi̍p tiong *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*\n\nSiang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ\n----------------------\n\n* Tâi-oân Chhùi-chhiⁿ\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 43940789\n* LCCN: no99086678\n* ISNI: 0000 0000 6401 0989\n* GND: 1123750084\n* BNF: cb15795771k (data)\n* MusicBrainz: 421860af-a1bf-4fa9-b008-6a2a0b60aec7\n* NCL: 001813292\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Siau Thài-jiân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[202,4297,0.047009541540609726],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5105}} -{"text":"**Pah-hun-pí**, **pah-hun-lu̍t** (百分率), iah-sī **pha̋-siàn-tò͘** (kán-lio̍kː **pha**), sī piáu-ta̍t pí-lu̍t (比率)--ê chò-huat, chiū sī \"1/100 (pah-hun-chi-it, 0.01)--ê kúi-poē\". Sò͘-ha̍k hû-hō sī \"%\", ke tī sò͘-ti̍t āu-piah, pí-lūn: 0.27 thang piáu-sī chò {\\displaystyle 27\\%}, tha̍k-chò \"pah-hun chi jī-cha̍p-chhit\" iah-sī \"jī-cha̍p-chhit pha\".\n\nGí-goân\n-------\n\nPha̋-siàn-tò͘ sī Ji̍t-gí パーセント (Hùn-lēng-sek: *Pâsento*)--ê im-e̍k (音譯), sī La-teng-gí *per centum* (múi chi̍t-pah) keng-iû Eng-gí *percent* thoân--lâi--ê.\n\nIōng-hoat\n---------\n\nThang kā chi̍t ê hun-sò͘ ia̍h-sī sió-sò͘ iōng pah-hun-pí lâi piáu-sī. Seng kā i piau-chò sió-sò͘, koh sêng-í {\\displaystyle 100\\%}, oāⁿ-chò 0.01--ê poē-sò͘. Lē:\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{8}}=0.125=0.125\\times 100\\%=12.5\\%}\n\n{\\displaystyle 0.349=0.349\\times 100\\%=34.9\\%}\n\nChún-nā {\\displaystyle A=12}, {\\displaystyle B=8}, A tio̍h-sī B--ê {\\displaystyle 12/8=1.5\\times 100\\%=150\\%}, tio̍h-sī A khah chē B {\\displaystyle 50\\%(=150\\%-100\\%)}.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n* chhian-hun-bí (‰)\n* bān-hun-pí (‱)\n* hun-sò͘","meta":{"title":"Pah-hun-pí","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[42,1088,0.03860294117647059],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1170}} -{"text":"Tsi̍t-uánn tsí-hó ê muâ-á-kiáñ (teh Sepangâ)\n**Tsia̍h muâ-á-kiáñ sè-kài kím-piau-sài** (ing-gú: Elver Eating World Championships) ta̍k-nî teh England Gloucestershire ê Frampton on Severn [en] kú-hîng. Au-tsiu muâ-lē [en] ê muâ-á-kiáñ teh li̍k-sú-siōng sī Severn Valley ê tiōng-iàu si̍t-bu̍t的, ta̍k-nî lóng--ê khìng-tsiok tsia--ê muâ-á-kiáñ siû-kàu tsi̍t-tiâu khe lâi. Teh Frampton, tsit-ê khìng-tsiok ua̍h-tāng tsiâñ-tsò hiong-tshun tē-khu pênn-poo-tē tíng-kuân ê kìng-tsing-sìng ê tsia̍h-si̍t pí-sài [en]. Kàu 1970 nî-tāi, án-ne hông kiò-tsò **Tsuân-kok tsia̍h muâ-á-kiáñ pí-sài** (National Elver Eating Competition). M̄-kù kàu 1990-nî, tué-tioh muâ-á-kiáñ tsiâñ-tsò Jû-lâi jû-tsió, pí-sài sua-lâi thîng-tsí kú-pān. Tsit-hāng pí-sài tī 2015 -nî tsiâñ-tsò \"Tsia̍h Muâ-á-kiáñ sè-kài kím-piau-sài\" tiong-sin khai-sí, sui-bóng bô-beh koh tsia̍h muâ-á-kiáñ, tshú-tāi ê si̍t-bu̍t guā-piáu tshin-tshiūñ muâ-á-kiáñ ê surimi [en] (hî-tsiuñ). Tioh tsióng ê lâng tō sī ē-tàng tī siōng-tè ê sî-kan lāi tsia̍h-tiāu tsi̍t-pōo-hun si̍t-bu̍t ê pí-sài-tsiá. Piau-tsún tio̍h-sî tsa-poo tsia̍h 1-pōng (0.45 kg) surimi, tsa-bóo tsia̍h 0.5 pōng (0.23 kg), gín-á ká-ná tsia̍h itali-bīn tō ē-sái.\n\nPuē-kíng kòo-sū\n---------------\n\nUa̍h ê muâ-á-kiàñ\nİù-nî-kî ê Au-tsiu muâ-lē [en] kiò-tsò muâ-á-kiáñ (elver), teh li̍k-sú-siōng sī Severn Valley ê tiōng-iàu si̍t-bu̍t. Muâ-kiáñ ta̍k-nî uì Háiseá hái [en] ê sán-nn̄g-tē lâi-kàu tsit-ê sóo-tsāi, thong-siông teh Severn íng-tiâu [en] ê pang-tsōo tsi-hā hông tshuah kàu siōng-iû. Hit-tang-tsūn muâ-á-kiáñ hông tuā-liōng tsang--tio̍h, koh-hōo tsāi-tē-lâng khuàñ-tsò ē-tàng bén-tsîñ the̍h-tio̍h ê tsia̍h-mi̍h lâi-guân. Thuân-thóng ê tsú-tsia̍h hong-huat sī kā-in ua̍h-ua̍h tsìñ lâi tsia̍h, án-ne tō ē hōo tsia--ê hî-á-kiáñ tsiâñ-tsò pe̍h-sik.\n\nMuâ-á-kiáñ ê kiong-ìng tuì iân-hô ê tuā-lâng ê sóo-tsai lâi-kóng sī tsi̍t-ê tiōng-iàu ê būn-tê, tíng-liû tsng-thâu lóng-tī haiñ-tshan muâ-á teh kàu-tè tsìn-tsîng tō hōo-lâng lia̍h liáu-liáu. Tī 1874-nî tō kìm-tsí teh Severn hô [en] tsuí-bué póo-lô muâ-á-kiáñ, án-ne tì-sú tong-tē-lâng tuì \"Severn hî-gia̍p uí-uân-huē\" (Severn Fisheries Board) ê put-buán koh-kah tsìn-hîng gī-huē piàn-lūn.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 Brooks, Robin (4 July 2020). \"Elver wars on the River Severn - how a tiny eel changed the law\". *GloucestershireLive* (ēng Eng-gí). 9 August 2022 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. ↑ Horton, Kim (30 April 2018). \"Everything you need to know about elver eating in Gloucestershire\". *GloucestershireLive* (ēng Eng-gí). 9 August 2022 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ Brown, Erica (18 May 1983). \"Gloucestershire Celebrates Return of the Eel to the Severn\". *The New York Times*. 9 August 2022 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Konstantin Kuhle [en]\n* Piáu-kik S-1 [en] (Pió-keh S-1)\n* IPO [en]\n* Palestine thok-koán-tē (Palestine thok-kuán-tē; eng-gí: Mandatory Palestine)\n* Lio̍k- pok [en] (Lio̽k/Liubo)\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* YouTube YouTube téng ê **World Elver Eating Championship. Frampton On Severn 2019** ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ\n* Farmer tastes success at world elver eating championships-stroudnewsandjournal\n* Farmer tastes success at world elver eating championships-gazetteseries","meta":{"title":"Chia̍h muâ-á-kiáⁿ sè-kài kím-piau-sài","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[770,2939,0.2619938754678462],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3448}} -{"text":"\n\n| ?Chia̍h-bah-bo̍kCarnivora |\n| --- |\n|\n| |\n|\n| Hoà-chio̍h hoān-ûi |\n| Paleocene - Hiān-tāi |\n| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |\n| \n\n|\n| |\n|\n|\n| Kài: | Animalia |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Mn̂g: | Chordata |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kong: | Mammalia |\n|\n| Ē-kong: | Eutheria |\n|\n|\n| Chhiau-bo̍k: | Laurasiatheria |\n| Bo̍k: | **Carnivora**Bowdich, 1821 |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n\n |\n|\n|\n|\n|\n| Kho |\n| * 17 Kho\n |\n\n**Chia̍h-bah-bo̍k** (-ba̍k), La-teng hō-miâ **Carnivora**, sī thai-pôaⁿ tōng-bu̍t ē-kha ê chi̍t-ê bo̍k, lóng-chóng ū 17-ê kho, chhiau-kòe 260-ê bu̍t-chéng. Chhin-chhiūⁿ hîm, niau chham káu lóng-sī Carnivora.\n\n\"Carnivora\" sī lâi-chū La-teng-bûn ê *carō* kap *vorāre*, sī \"ài chia̍h bah\" ê ì-sù. Chit-lūi tōng-bu̍t ê thé-hêng tùi 11 cm ê *Mustela nivalis* (chi̍t-chióng chhiah-chhí) kàu 690 cm ê *Mirounga leonina* (chi̍t-chióng hái-pà) lóng-ū.\n\nTe̍k-tiám\n---------\n\nTōa-to-sò͘ chia̍h-bah-bo̍k tōng-bu̍t sī lio̍k-tē seng-oa̍h, in ū chiam-kak ióng-chòng ê jiáu, chńg-thâu bí chi̍t kha ū 4 kàu 5 ki. Tōa-pō͘-hūn ê chéng ū lông-jiáu (dewclaw) tī chêng-kha. \n\nChia̍h-bah-bo̍k ê kak-khí hoat-ta̍t, liân khū-khí (āu-chan) mā ū chiam-kak. Koh ū chi̍t khoán kiò carnassial ê chhùi-khí, tī téng-ham ê sió-āu-chan kap ē-ham ê tōa-āu-chan, nn̄g-pêng ha̍p--khì-lâi ná ka-to chiōng ba̍h li̍h--khui. Chi̍t khoán chhùi-khí iû-kî tī Niau-kho kap Hîm-kho hoat-ta̍t. \n\nIn ā-chan sò͘-liōng bí chi̍t chéng ū chha, nā mn̂g-khí tōa-pō͘-hūn sī téng-bīn kap ē-té hun-pia̍t lóng ū 6-lia̍p, kak-khí mā lóng ū 2-lia̍p, hái-hó͘ (*Enhydra lutris*) kap lán-hîm (*Melursus ursinus*) sī lē-gōa.\n\n### Seⁿ-thòaⁿ\n\nChia̍h-bah-bo̍k koàiⁿ-sì chi̍t tang chi̍t the, ū-ê chéng chi̍t tang lāi ē-sài kúi-à the, nā tōa-hêng ê chéng phì-jû hîm, 2, 3 nî chia̍h chi̍t the.\n\nHun-lūi\n-------\n\nChhiū-ki-bóe ê miâ sī seng-bu̍t hun-lūi-ha̍k ê kho, āu-piah ū \"†\" piáu-sī í-keng bia̍t-cho̍at.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|    **Carnivora**    | \n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Feliformia | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Nimravidae† |\n| |\n| | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Stenoplesictidae† |\n| |\n| | Percrocutidae† |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n| | Nandiniidae |\n| |\n| | \n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Prionodontidae |\n| |\n| | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Barbourofelidae† |\n| |\n| | Felidae |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n| | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Viverridae |\n| |\n| | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Hyaenidae |\n| |\n| | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Herpestidae |\n| |\n| | Eupleridae |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n|    Caniformia    | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Amphicyonidae† |\n| |\n| | Canidae |\n| |\n|    Arctoidea    | \n\n| | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|     | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Hemicyonidae† |\n| |\n| | Ursidae |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n| | \n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Pinnipedia | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Enaliarctidae† |\n| |\n| | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n|     | Phocidae |\n| |\n| | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n|     | Otariidae |\n| |\n| | Odobenidae |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n|    Musteloidea    | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n|     | Ailuridae |\n| |\n| | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n|     | Mephitidae |\n| |\n| | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n|     | Procyonidae |\n| |\n| | Mustelidae |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n\n |\n| |\n\nGōa-pō͘ liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\nWikispeciesWikispecies\nWikispecies ū koan-hē \n***Chia̍h-bah-bo̍k*** ê chu-liāu.","meta":{"title":"Chia̍h-bah-bo̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[568,2033,0.279390063944909],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":5525}} -{"text":"**Ûn-ûn-á-piàn siông-thài** (Eng-gí: *creeping normalcy*) biô-siá piàn-hòa sok-tō· sô-sô, ū khí ū lo̍h, chìn-tō· khâm-khia̍t ê chhu-sè. In-ūi piàn-hòa khoaⁿ-khoaⁿ-á-sī, koan-chha̍t-chiá khah oh hoat-kak tio̍h hiān-hóng si̍t-chāi teh piàn-hòa ê chhu-sè, lia̍h-chún kóng koân-koân-kē-kē ê piàn-hòa pêng-kin khí-lâi téng-î chêng-kah-taⁿ lóng tī--teh ê siông-thài. Che ē-tit-thang biô-siá chē-chē siā-hōe he̍k-chiá chū-jiân-te̍k ê hiān-siōng, chhin-chhiūⁿ kóng khì-hāu piàn-hòa, khoân-kéng phò-hāi, seng-oa̍h phín-chit kàng-kē téng-téng. Khó-pí kóng, choân-kiû khì-un hoán sio-lō chit-ê chhu-sè chin oh phòaⁿ-toān (kàu-taⁿ kho-ha̍k-kài í-gōa iû-goân ū cheng-gī), in-ūi bô-lūn sè-kài pêng-kin khì-un siáⁿ khoán hêng, khì-un sûi nî ū koân-kē ê chha-īⁿ, tùi lâng ê éng-hióng tòe teh hó-bái. Ē-sái kóng tû-hui tn̂g-kî khioh chu-liāu hun-sek, bô khoàⁿ bē-chhut kui-ê hē-thóng ū ûn-ûn-á khah sio-lō ê chōng-hóng hoat-seng.\n\nKéng-koan bô-thâu-sîn-chèng (Eng-gí: *landscape amnesia*) sī siông-thài ûn-ûn-á-piàn ê 1-ê lē. Che ì-sù kóng lâng bē-kì-leh sin-khu-piⁿ ê kéng-koan í-chá seⁿ-chò siáⁿ khoán, in-ūi khoân-kéng piàn-hòa ê sok-tō· bān. Kú-kú pài-hóng 1-piàn ê gōa-tē-lâng khah ū hoat-tō· hoat-kak hiah-ê piàn-hòa. Ha̍k-chiá Jared Diamond jīn-ûi che ē-tàng kái-seh choáⁿ-iūⁿ Rapa Nui-lâng hiah-ni̍h-á \"gōng\", soah kā tó-siōng chòe-āu 1 châng chhiū-á chhò-chhò tiāu, chiong-kî-bóe ín-khí khoân-kéng chai-lān, tó-bîn lō·-bóe chôaⁿ-á iau-iau--sí. I kái-seh kóng, chhiū-á-châng m̄-sī chò-1-pái kui-phiàn kā chhò tiāu, chhò-chhiū siâng-sî iū-koh ū sin châng puh--chhut-lâi, tì-sú kóng múi 1 iân ê lâng lia̍h-chún gán-chêng ê chhiū-á-nâ hām í-chá--ê pêⁿ-pêⁿ ām, sī siông-thài. Kan-taⁿ siāng lāu ê sī-tōa ē-kì-leh gín-á sî-tāi ê chhiū-á pí hiān-chāi khah tōa-châng, sò·-liōng oân-ná khah chē. Chit-ê chhu-sè sak kah chīn-pōng, chiong-kui-bóe kan-taⁿ chhun chiâu sè-châng ê iù-chhiū tī--teh. Taⁿ in-ūi kàu kah hit-ê khám-chām hit khoán si̍t-bu̍t chá tio̍h bô keng-chè-siōng ê kè-ta̍t tī--teh, bô lâng ē siūⁿ tio̍h in tih-beh kā siāng bóe 1 châng chheng tiāu. Diamond oân-ná jīn-ûi che pō·-hūn ē-tàng kái-seh choáⁿ-iūⁿ Ji̍t-pún Tokugawa Bō·-hú sî-tāi ê Chiong-kun si̍t-si chō-nâ chèng-chhek: phò-hāi ê sok-tō· chiâⁿ kín, in khoàⁿ-ē-tio̍h būn-tê.\n\nBó-gí liû-sit oân-ná chhin-chhiūⁿ.\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* Diamond, Jared. *Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed.* Penguin Books: 2005. ISBN 0143036556.","meta":{"title":"Ûn-ûn-á-piàn siông-thài","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[90,2411,0.03732890916632103],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2776}} -{"text":"Ko-hiông-chhī Im-ga̍k-koán\n**Ko-hiông-chhī Im-ga̍k-koán** (高雄市音樂館) ūi-tī Ko-hiông-chhī iâm-tiâⁿ-khu, tī chú-āu 2000 nî 11 goe̍h ê sî-chūn sêng-li̍p, hām Ko-hiông Chhī-li̍p Le̍k-sú Phok-bu̍t-koán pēng-li̍p tī Ài-hô piⁿ-á.\n\nko-hiông-chhī Im-ga̍k-koán ūi-tī Tiong-chèng-sù-lō͘ kap Hô-se-lō͘ ê kau-chhe-kháu, sī chi̍t tòng 5 chân ê lâu-á-chhù; kî-tiong, 1 lâu kàu 3 lâu sī im-ga̍k ián-chàu-thiaⁿ, 4 kàu 5 lâu hun-pia̍t sī Kong-hiông-chhī Kau-hióng-ga̍k-thoân kap Ko-hiông-chhī Kok-ga̍k-thoân ê pān-kong-sek kiam pâi-liān-sek. Im-ga̍k ián-chàu-thiaⁿ ū 384 ê chō-ūi, sek-ha̍p sió-hêng sek-lāi im-ga̍k kap si-tiok-ga̍k ê piáu-ián. Nn̄g-pêng sī hêng-chèng pān-kong-sek kap pâi-liān-sek. Khoân-jiáu im-ga̍k-thiaⁿ hôe-lông sī im-ga̍k gián-si̍p kàu-sek, sī-thiaⁿ-sek kap tô͘-su-koán téng-téng. Im-ga̍k-koán ê tē-hā-sek liân-kiat Ko-hiông Kok-chè Hōe-gī Tiong-sim, lóng-chóng ū 476 ê thêng-chhia-ūi. Im-ga̍k-koán goā-kháu ê kóng-tiûⁿ sī thiⁿ-lō͘ ê im-ga̍k piáu-ián-tâi.\n\nKīn-oá kéng-tiám\n----------------\n\n* Ko-hiông Chhī-li̍p Le̍k-sú Phok-bu̍t-koán\n* Ko-hiông Kok-chè Hōe-gī Tiong-sim","meta":{"title":"Ko-hiông-chhī Im-ga̍k-koán","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[77,1070,0.07196261682242991],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1225}} -{"text":"làu-the--ê chêng-hêng\nTuì chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t lâi kóng, **thu̍t-the**, **làu-the** iah-sī **liû-sán** sī chí phoe-thai iah thai-jî bē-chêng chhut-sì, koāⁿ-kūi (捾膭, ū-kūi iah-sī ū-sin--ê chōng-thāi) tō thê-chá chhé-soah. Thu̍t-the ū-khó-lêng sī ka-tī hoat-seng--ê, che tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī in-ūi koè-têng-tiong ū toh-ūi chhut būn-tê ê khí-tì. Nā jîn-lūi ū-tang-sî-á ē thiau-kang chò hō͘ thu̍t-the, che kiò-chò phah-thoat-sin.\n\nIù-the kap gín-á-the ê khu-pia̍t\n--------------------------------\n\nLâng ū-sin liáu-āu tio̍h ēng 38 lé-pài thang tióng-sêng liáu-āu chhut-sì. It-poaⁿ sī lāu-bú siōng-boé pái goa̍h-sìn liáu-āu 40 lé-pài liáu-āu tō seⁿ-kiáⁿ. Tī lāu-bú pa̍k-tó͘ teh sêng-tióng ê siōng-khí-thâu 8 ê lé-pài tō kiò-chò iù-the (Eng-gí: embryo), koh lâi ê 32 lé-pài tō kiò-chò gín-á-the (Eng-gí: fetus).\n\nThu̍t-the ê lūi-hêng\n--------------------\n\nThu̍t-the ū 2 ê toā lūi. Ū-sî-chūn, sī ū-sin ê koè-têng-tiong thut-thoê, kiat-kó iù-the iah gín-á-the chū-án-ne sí--khì. Tsit-ê chêng-hêng hò-chò bú-sin-sí.\n\nThu̍t-the tī chi̍t-kuá sî-chūn tùi hū-jîn-lâng sī kài gûi-hiám--ê. Hū-jîn-lâng seⁿ-kiáⁿ mā chin kan-kè, i huān-sè chin hoân-ló͘, koh kiám-chhái i bô siūⁿ-beh ài gín-á, nā án-ne, i tō ū-khó-lêng thiau-kang kā chhé-soah. Chit-ê chêng-hêng, tō kiò-chò phah-thoat-sin.\n\nTéng-koân chit 2 khoán, nā iù-the iah gín-á-the ùi chú-kiong chhut--lâi, tō sī oân-choân thu̍t-the, ū-sî-chūn, iù-the iah gín-á-the ē iû-goân lâu tī chú-kiong--ni̍h, che hō-chò thu̍t-the pāi-bé (missed abortion). Nā thu̍t-the pāi-bé, tio̍h thàu-koè chhiú-su̍t kā the the̍h--chhut-lâi, án-ne hū-jîn-lâng chiah bē kám-jiám phoà-pēⁿ.\n\nPhah-thoat-sin (thiau-kang hō͘ thu̍t-the)\n-----------------------------------------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Jîn-kang liû-sán\n### Bêng-chheng\n\nNā the sī in-ūi chū-jiân ê in-toaⁿ tī ū-sin ê thâu 20 lé-pài--ni̍h sí--khì, lán kóng siáu-sán iah làu-the. Nā tī tē 20 kàu 37 lé-pài tō seⁿ-kiáⁿ, tō sī chá-sán (buē-chiok-goe̍h-seⁿ). The nā tī 20 lé-pài liáu-āu tī chú-kiong sí--khì, he̍k-sī seⁿ ê sî chuâⁿ sí, tō kiò-chò sí-the iah-sī sí-sán (Eng-gí: stillbirth). Chá-sán kap sí-the it-poaⁿ bô khoàⁿ-chò sī siáu-sán.\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ Chu Chú-hông (朱子宏), Tiuⁿ Chi-giâm (張之嚴), \"I-iōng Tâi-gú Kàu-ha̍k\", Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k I-ha̍k-īⁿ\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85085974\n* GND: 4128069-6\n* NDL: 00569917\n* NKC: ph115832\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Thu̍t-the","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[181,2216,0.08167870036101083],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2743}} -{"text":"\n\"Europa\" choán koè chia. Chhōe kî-thaⁿ ēng-hoat, khòaⁿ Europa (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h).\nAu-chiu\n**Au-lô-pa**, phó͘-thong kóng **Au-chiu**, mā ū kì **O͘-lô-pa** ia̍h **O͘-ló͘-pà**, sī tī A-sè-a sai-pêng ê tāi-lio̍k, mā ē-sái kóng sī Au-A Tāi-lio̍k ê sai-pêng pō͘-hūn. Au-chiu tī Pak-ke̍k-iûⁿ ê lâm-hong; sai-hong ū Tāi-se-iûⁿ, lâm-hong ū Tē-tiong-hái, O͘-hái. Tang-hong ū Ural-soaⁿ.\n\nBīn-chek sī tē-2-sè ê, ū 10,400,000 km², pí Ò-chiu khah tōa--tām-po̍h-á.\n\nJîn-kháu pí A-chiu, Hui-chiu khah chió, liōng-kî-iok ū 666,498,000 lâng (2001 nî). Che chha-put-to sī sè-kài jîn-kháu ê 7 hun chi 1.\n\nAu-chiu kok-ka tōa-pō͘-hūn sī Au-chiu Phêng-gī-hoē (Council of Europe) ê hōe-oân, kan-na Belarus, Vaticano, Kazakhstan, Monaco bô chham-ka. Bo̍k-chêng ū 25 kok chham-ka Au-chiu Liân-bêng. Iū-koh ū kî-thaⁿ kok-ka tng teh kau-sia̍p ka-ji̍p ê tiâu-kiāⁿ, mā ū kok-ka àn-sǹg khai-sí sin-chhéng. Taⁿ in-ūi Au-chiu Liân-bêng ná lâi ná tōa, Au-chiu chit ê bêng-sû ū lâng lia̍h chò sī tông-gī-sû.\n\nHō-miâ\n------\n\nTī kó͘-tián Hi-lia̍p sîn-ōe lāi-té, ū chi̍t-ê hō chò *Europa* (Kó͘-tāi Hi-lia̍p-gí: *Εὐρώπη*, *Eurṓpē*) ê Phoenicia kong-chú. Che sī pún chiu hō-miâ ê lâi-goân.\n\nTē-lí seng-thài\n---------------\n\nAu-chiu ê sim-lîm chū 9,000 nî-chêng khai-sí ū lông-gia̍p tō ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á kiu--khì. 16 sè-kí ê sî-chūn ū Tek-gí tē-khu khai-sí hoat-tián koán-lí sim-lîm ê hoat-tō͘, hiah-ê ki-su̍t tùi hia thoân kàu Au-chiu kî-thaⁿ só͘-chāi. Tò-kiu ê chhu-sè tī 19 sè-kí khai-sí kiâⁿ hoan-thâu. Bo̍k-chêng Au-chiu sī thong-sè-kài sim-lîm pó-chûn liáu siāng hó ê tē-khu.\n\nKok-ka\n------\n\nAu-chiu tē-lí-tô·\nAu-chiu Liân-bêng í-gōa, iū-koh ū ē-kha chia ê kok:\n\n* Albania\n* Andorra\n* Armenia - pō͘-hūn tī A-chiu\n* Ò-tē-lī\n* Azerbaijan - pō͘-hūn tī A-chiu\n* Abkhazia -- pō͘-hūn tī A-chiu, pō͘-hūn sêng-jīn\n* Artsakh Kiōng-hô-kok -- pō͘-hūn sêng-jīn\n* Belarus\n* Pe̍k-ní-gī\n* Bosnia kap Herzegovina\n* Bulgaria\n* Croatia\n* Ku-pí-lō͘ -- pō͘-hūn tī A-chiu\n* Pak Ku-pí-lō͘ -- pō͘-hūn tī A-chiu, pō͘-hūn sêng-jīn\n* Chesko\n* Tan-be̍h\n* Estonia\n* Hun-lân\n* Hoat-kok\n* Gruzia - pō͘-hūn tī A-chiu\n* Tek-kok\n* Hi-lia̍p\n* Hông-gâ-lī\n* Peng-tó\n* Ài-ní-lân\n* Í-tāi-lī\n* Kazakhstan - pō͘-hūn tī A-chiu\n* Kosovo -- pō͘-hūn sêng-jīn\n* Latvia\n* Liechtenstein\n* Lietuva\n* Luxembourg\n* Pak Macedonia\n* Malta\n* Moldova\n* Monaco\n* Montenegro\n* Hô-lân\n* Ná-ui\n* Pho-lân\n* Phû-tô-gâ\n* Romania\n* Lō͘-se-a - pō͘-hūn tī A-chiu\n* San Marino\n* Serbia\n* Slovakia\n* Slovenia\n* Se-pan-gâ\n* Lâm Ossetia -- pō͘-hūn tī A-chiu, pō͘-hūn sêng-jīn\n* Sūi-tián\n* Sūi-se\n* Transnistria -- pō͘-hūn sêng-jīn\n* Thó͘-ní-kî - pō͘-hūn tī A-chiu\n* Ukraina\n* Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok\n* Vaticano\n\nI-lāi-tē\n--------\n\nĒ-kha ê niá-thó͘ to-siáu ū in bûn-hòa-siōng he̍k-chiá tē-lí-siōng ê te̍k-sek. Tōa-pō͘-hūn bó͘-chióng thêng-tō͘ ū chū-tī koân. Bó-kok lia̍t tī āu-piah.\n\n* Åland Kûn-tó (Hun-lân)\n* Gibraltar (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok)\n* Guernsey (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok)\n* Svalbard kap Jan Mayen¹ (Lo̍k-ui)\n* Jersey (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok)\n* Man-tó (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok)\n* Faroe Kûn-tó (Tan-be̍h)\n\n¹ Kin-kù Lo̍k-ui chèng-hú ê kóng-hoat, Svalbard kap Jan Mayen sī Lo̍k-ui Ông-kok ê 1 pō͘-hūn, m̄ sī i-lāi-tē.\n\nKî-thaⁿ\n-------\n\n* Au-chiu Liân-bêng\n* Malta Khî-sū-thoân\n\nKhu-he̍k\n--------\n\n1 chióng hun-hoat: lâm (chheⁿ-sek), se (âng-sek), tiong (nâ-sek), pak (kiô-á-sek) \n* Se Au\n* Tiong Au\n* Tang Au\n* Pak Au\n* Lâm Au\n\nCho͘-chit\n---------\n\n* Au-chiu An-choân kap Ha̍p-chok Cho͘-chit (OSCE)\n* Pak Tāi-se-iûⁿ Kong-iok Cho͘-chit (NATO)\n* Au-chiu Liân-bêng (EU)\n* CERN\n* Au-chiu Ho̍k-heng kap Khai-hoat Gîn-hâng (EBRD)\n* Au-chiu Phêng-gī-hoē (Council of Europe)\n\n \n\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nTē-kiû ê tāi-lio̍k |\n| --- |\n| |\n| A-chiu · Au-chiu · Hui-chiu · Lâm Bí-chiu · Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k · Pak Bí-chiu · Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu |\n\n |\n\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 170298814\n* LCCN: sh85045631\n* GND: 4015701-5\n* HDS: 007147\n* NDL: 00574313\n* NKC: ge137210\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Au-chiu","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1628,3544,0.45936794582392776],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4365}} -{"text":"*Chia kài-siāu 1979 nî Sió-káng pēng ji̍p Ko-hiông-chhī liáu-āu, kàu 2010 nî Ko-hiông koān-chhī ha̍p-pēng chìn-chêng ê hêng-chèng-khu ki-pún chu-liāu. Thong chêng-āu le̍k-sú ê kài-siāu chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ chú bûn-chiong \"Ko-hiông-chhī\"*.\nKo-hiông-chhī\n2010 nî chìn-chêng, Tâi-oân ê Ko-hiông-chhī ū 11-ê khu. Tī 2010 nî 12 goe̍h 25 ji̍t, kap Ko-hiông-koān ha̍p ji̍p Ko-hiông-chhī, chè-tō͘ siōng siat chò sī \"sin-ê\" hêng-chèng-khu.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nKo-hiông ê se-bīn sī Tâi-oân Hái-kiap, kî-thaⁿ pian-kài lóng chham Ko-hiông-koān sio-chiap, sì-chiu-ûi ê hiong-tìn-chhī ū Chú-koaⁿ-hiong, Kiô-thâu-hiong, Tōa-siā-hiong, Iàn-châu-hiong, Jîn-bú-hiong, Chiáu-chhêng-hiong, Hōng-soaⁿ-chhī, Tōa-liâu-hiong, Lîm-hn̂g-hiong.\n\nLâu-ji̍p chhī-khu ê Ài-hô.\nKo-hiông chú-iàu ū 3-tiâu sió hô, pak-pêng ê Āu-ngē-khe, tiong-ng ê Ài-hô, kap lâm-pêng ê Chiân-tìn-hô. Ko-hiông tōa-hūn só͘-chāi lóng-sī pêng-gôan, m̄-koh tī Kó͘-san-khu hái-hōaⁿ ū Chhâ-soaⁿ, mā hō Siū-san. Tī khah lāi-lio̍k ê só͘-chāi ū Pòaⁿ-pêng-soaⁿ, keh-piah ū Liân-tî-thâm. Tī lâm-pêng pian-kài mā-ū chi̍t-kóa soaⁿ-chiu.\n\nHêng-chèng-khu\n--------------\n\nLâm-chú-khu\nChó-iâⁿ-khu\nKó͘-san-khu\nSam-bîn-khu\n1\n2\n3\n4\nLêng-ngá-khu\nChiân-tìn-khu\nSió-káng-khu\n1. Iâm-tiâⁿ-khu \n2. Chiân-kim-khu \n3. Sin-heng-khu \n4. Kî-tin-khu\n\nKo-hiông-chhī ū 11 ê hêng-chèng-khu, múi-chi̍t-ê lóng-ū siat khu-kong-só͘. Khu ê ē-kha siat lí (里); lí ê ē-kha siat lîn (鄰). Ko-hiông-chhī ū 463 ê lí, lí-tiúⁿ sī bîn-sóan, khu-tiúⁿ sī Ko-hiông Chhī-chèng-hú koaⁿ-phài; lîn-tiúⁿ sī lí-tiúⁿ sóan-phài.\n\n| Khu-miâ | Jîn-kháu | Bīn-chek (km²) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Hàn-jī | Pe̍h-ōe-jī |\n| 前金區 | Chiân-kim-khu | 29,724 | 1.8573 |\n| 前鎮區 | Chiân-tìn-khu | 200,571 | 19.1309 |\n| 左營區 | Chó-iâⁿ-khu | 188,069 | 19.3888 |\n| 鹽埕區 | Iâm-tiâⁿ-khu | 28,273 | 1.4161 |\n| 旗津區 | Kî-tin-khu | 29,828 | 1.4639 |\n| 鼓山區 | Kó͘-san-khu | 124,681 | 14.7458 |\n| 楠梓區 | Lâm-chú-khu | 170,157 | 25.8276 |\n| 苓雅區 | Lêng-ngá-khu | 186,985 | 8.1522 |\n| 三民區 | Sam-bîn-khu | 356,031 | 19.7866 |\n| 新興區 | Sin-heng-khu | 56,923 | 1.9764 |\n| 小港區 | Sió-káng-khu | 152,632 | 39.8753 |\n\nJîn-kháu\n--------\n\nKo-hiông - Pîn-tong tē-khu ê jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ hun-pō͘ chêng-hêng.\nKàu 2010 nî 8-goe̍h, Ko-hiông-chhī ê jîn-kháu ū 1,529,415; hun 586,590 hō͘; lú-sèng 774,431, lâm-sèng 754,984. Jîn-kháu jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ sī 9,958 lâng/km². Ko-hiông-chhī jîn-kháu siāng-chē ê só͘-chāi sī San-bîn-khu, ū 354,320; bi̍t-tō͘ siōng kôan ê hêng-chèng-khu sī Sin-heng-khu, ū 28,068 lâng/km².\n\nKun-kù 2008 nî ê chu-liāu, Ko-hiông-chhī ū lóng-chóng 565,037 keng chhù. Kî-tiong San-bîn-khu sī siāng chē ê só͘-chāi, ū 129,733 pit. Sin-heng-khu ê chū-the̍h bi̍t-tō͘ siāng koâng, ū 11,400 keng/km². Choân chhī ê bi̍t-tō͘ sī 3,169 keng/km².\n\n| Jîn-kháu piàn-hòa |\n| --- |\n| Nî-hun | 1972 | 1977 | 1982 | 1987 | 1992 | 1997 | 2002 | 2007 |\n| Jîn-kháu | 906,520 | 1,041,364 | 1,248,175 | 1,342,797 | 1,405,909 | 1,436,142 | 1,509,510 | 1,520,555 |\n\n\n| Lâm-sèng | Nî-hòe | Lú-sèng |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 39 |   | ≥100 |   | 42 |\n| 169 |   | 95-99 |   | 245 |\n| 913 |   | 90-94 |   | 1089 |\n| 3900 |   | 85-89 |   | 3748 |\n| 10543 |   | 80-84 |   | 8277 |\n| 14763 |   | 75-79 |   | 13432 |\n| 16940 |   | 70-74 |   | 19907 |\n| 23681 |   | 65-69 |   | 26594 |\n| 27979 |   | 60-64 |   | 30203 |\n| 48895 |   | 55-59 |   | 52836 |\n| 57578 |   | 50-54 |   | 62250 |\n| 60321 |   | 45-49 |   | 64603 |\n| 61646 |   | 40-44 |   | 64882 |\n| 61484 |   | 35-39 |   | 65719 |\n| 64440 |   | 30-34 |   | 67400 |\n| 66712 |   | 25-29 |   | 66408 |\n| 54246 |   | 20-24 |   | 50883 |\n| 52551 |   | 15-19 |   | 48423 |\n| 53557 |   | 10-14 |   | 48985 |\n| 44208 |   | 5-9 |   | 40790 |\n| 32308 |   | 0-4 |   | 29375 |\n| \\*Chóng-jîn-kháu: 1523874, thóng-kè sî-kan: 2008 nî 9 goe̍h |\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ \"本市各區歷年戶口數統計\". 高雄市政府民政局. 2010-09-09 khòaⁿ--ê.\n2. 1 2 \"戶籍人口統計月報\". 內政部戶政司. 2010-09-09 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ \"住宅數量\". 高雄市政府都市發展局. 2010-09-09 khòaⁿ--ê.\n4. 1 2 \"住宅密度\". 高雄市政府都市發展局. 2010-09-09 khòaⁿ--ê.\n5. ↑ 高雄市各區　現住人口數按性別及年齡分","meta":{"title":"Ko-hiông-chhī (1979 nî - 2010 nî)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1232,3338,0.3690832834032355],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4399}} -{"text":"**SIL International** (í-chá kiò-choè **Summer Institute of Linguistics**, kán-siá SIL) sī 1-ê hui-gêng-lī sèng ê cho·-chit. In chú-iàu ê bo̍k-piau sī gián-kiù 1-koá-á khah bô-lâng chai, khah pih-suh ê gí-giân, thui-sak bat-jī, mā-sī pang-chān hoan-e̍k Sèng-keng ê sū-kang.\n\nWycliffe Bible Translators (\"Wycliffe Sèng-keng Hoan-e̍k-chiá\") sī SIL International ê chí-moē cho·-chit; in choan-mn̂g hoan-e̍k Sèng-keng. Só·-ū ê Wycliffe hoē-oân mā lóng-chóng sī SIL ê hoē-oân.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTī 1930 nî-tāi chhoe-kî, chi̍t-tīn Ki-tok-kàu ê bo̍k-su khì tī Guatemala hia thoân-kàu, kō͘ tong-tē ê Kaqchikel lâng cho͘ sêng Ki-tok-hōe, āu-lâi, SIL International chit-ê cho͘-chit chiū-sī iû Tiúⁿ-lo Kàu-hōe ê Ûi-liâm Thau-sián (William Cameron Townsend) bo̍k-su tī 1934 nî só͘ chhòng-pān ê. Thau-sián bo̍k-su oân-sêng Kaqchikel ōe-gí ê Sèng-keng hoan-e̍k liáu-āu, tī 1933 nî ōaⁿ khì kàu Be̍k-se-ko, pang-chān in hia ê goân-chū-bîn gí-giân ê Sèng-keng hoan-e̍k sū-kang.\n\nSIL International ê jī-hêng kap nńg-thé\n---------------------------------------\n\n* Jī-hêng\n\t+ Charis SIL\n\t+ Doulos SIL\n\t+ Gentium\n\t+ SIL Encore IPA\n* Jī-hêng kho-ki\n\t+ Graphite\n* Nńg-thé\n\t+ WorldPad\n\nGoā-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* SIL international\n* Ethnologue.com\n\nChham-khó Chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ George Thomas Kurian, Mark A. Lamport, Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States, Volume 5, Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2016, p. 255\n2. ↑ Michael C. Howard, Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction, McFarland, USA, 2014, p. 196","meta":{"title":"SIL International","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[320,1320,0.24242424242424243],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1655}} -{"text":"\n*\"Ko-hiông\" choán kòe chia, kî-tha ì-sù chhiáⁿ khòaⁿ Ko-hiông (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h).*\n\n**Ko-hiông-chhī** (高雄市) it-poaⁿ kiò **Ko-hiông**, khah-chá hō-chò **Táⁿ-káu** (打狗), sī Tâi-oân tē-saⁿ tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī, só͘-chāi tī Tâi-oân lâm-pō͘, se-pêng bīn-tùi Lâm-hái kap Tâi-oân Hái-kiap. \n\nKo-hiông sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok 6-ê ti̍t-hat-chhī chi it, jîn-kháu 277 bān chó-iū, bīn-chek ū 2946 pêng-hong kong-lí, jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ múi pêng-hong kong-lí 940 jîn chó-iū.\n\nKo-hiông hun 38-ê hêng-chèng-khu, kî-tiong Lêng-ngá-khu sī chhī-chèng-hú só͘-chāi-tē. Ko-hiông Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ kap Ko-hiông Káng mā tī Ko-hiông, m̄-koh sī hō tiong-iong chèng-hú kóan-lí.\n\nTī 2010 nî, kū Ko-hiông-chhī kap Ko-hiông-koān ha̍p-pēng, hoat-lu̍t-siong chiâⁿ chò sin-ê hêng-chèng-khu.\n\nTē-hō-miâ\n---------\n\nKo-hiông kó͘-miâ \"Táⁿ-káu\" (打狗). Ū chin chē iú-koan tē-miâ iû-lâi ê thôan-soat; m̄-koh kun-kù Ino Kanori ê gián-kiù, \"Táⁿ-káu\" sī Hàn-jîn tùi \"Takau\" ê hoan-e̍k; \"Takau\" sī pún-té khiā tī chit-ê tē-khu ê Makatao-cho̍k ê ōe, sī kóng chi̍t khoán tek-á nâ, mā sī tong-tē pō͘-lo̍k ê miâ, Hô-lân-lâng ū kóng *Taccoriang* he̍k-chiá *Tankoya*. Tû-liáu \"Táⁿ-káu\", ū-sî mā kóng \"Táⁿ-kó͘ \", Hàn-jī siá chò \"打鼓\", sī bûn-ngá ê siá-hoat. Nā Se-iûⁿ ê siá hoat, koh ū *Takow*, *Takaw*, *Tancoya* he̍k-chiá *Taccauja* téng-téng.\n\nĀu-lâi Ji̍t-pún thóng-tī ê sî-chūn, i-kù \"Táⁿ-káu\" ê hoat-im, iōng Ji̍t-pún Hàn-jī kái-siá chò \"高雄\", Ji̍t-gí tha̍k chò \"Taka-o\" (たかお), 1921 nî chèng-sek si̍t-si. Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chiap-kóan Tâi-ôan liáu-āu kè-sio̍k sú-iōng \"高雄\" ê Hàn-jī, m̄-koh kái-iōng Hôa-gí hoat-im, tha̍k-chò \"Gāoxióng\", Wade-Giles pheng-im peng-chò \"Kao¹-hsiung²\", sī hiān-sî kok-chè-siōng it-poaⁿ teh ēng ê miâ.\n\nKî-tha chāi-ē gí-giān lāi-bīn, Bunun-gí, Kanakanavu-gí, Saaroa-cho̍k lóng kóng *Takau*.\n\nTáⁿ-káu tē-tô͘.\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Ko-hiông le̍k-sú\nKo-hiông hiān-sî só͘ chai-iáⁿ ê sú-chêng ûi-jiah lāi-bīn, nî-tāi siāng chá tāi-iok sī 4700 kàu 5200 nî-chêng. Chit-ê tē-khu sī Tāi-pūn-kheⁿ Bûn-hòa (大坌坑文化), Gû-tiâu-chú Bûn-hòa (牛稠子文化), Tōa-ô͘ Bûn-hòa (大湖文化) kap Chiáu-chhêng Bûn-hòa (蔦松文化) ê hun-pò͘ hōan-ûi.\n\n15 sè-kí liáu-āu Ko-hiông khai-sí ū le̍k-sú kì-chài, chá-kî sī Makatao-cho̍k seng-o̍ah ê só͘-chāi, mā sī hái-chha̍t o̍ah-tāng ê kù-tiám. 1624 nî Hô-lân Tang-ìn-tō͘ Kong-si khai-sí tī Ko-hiông hái-kîⁿ chò bō͘-e̍k, Hàn-jîn tī chit-ê sî-kî mā khai-sí tāi-liōng î-bîn.\n\n1661 nî Tēⁿ Sêng-kong chiàm-niá hiān-sî ê Tâi-ôan sai-lâm-pō͘, jî-chhiáⁿ tī Ko-hiông tē-khu siat-li̍p kun-tûn, chù-kun kiam khai-khún. 1683 nî Chheng-tiâu phah-pāi Tēⁿ ông-tiâu, khai-sí thóng-tī Tâi-ôan, Ko-hiông tē-khu sio̍k Hōng-soaⁿ-koān (鳳山縣) kóan-lí. 1863 nî, Táⁿ-káu-káng chèng-sek hiòng se-iûⁿ khai-hòng, khai-siat hái-koan, tiān-pò-kio̍k.\n\n1895 nî liáu-āu, Tâi-ôan khai-sí siū Ji̍t-pún lāi thóng-tī, tī chit-ê sî-kî, khai-sí tōa-kui-bô͘ ê to͘-chhī kè-ōe kap kiàn-siat, pau-hâm hoat-tián hiān-tāi kang-gia̍p kap khai-pi̍t Ko-hiông-káng téng-téng, jî-chhiáⁿ chhiòng-kòan thih-lō͘ khai-sí ūn-chok. Kàu 1930 nî-tāi, Ko-hiông í-keng sī Tâi-ôan tē-jī tōa ê káng-kháu. Ko-hiông-chhī mā chiâⁿ chò Tâi-ôan tē-jī tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī. M̄-koh tī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn ê sî-chūn, Ko-hiông siū tio̍h giâm-tiōng ê phò-hāi.\n\n1945 nî khai-sí sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok sî-kî. Tī 1947 nî ê 228 sū-kiāⁿ tiong, Ko-hiông thâu-chi̍t-ê siū tìn-ap. Tī 1950 nî-tāi, Ko-hiông-káng khai-sí khok-chhiong, kang-gia̍p mā khai-sí ho̍k-heng. 1960 nî-tāi khai-siat Ko-hiông Ka-kang-khu. 1970 nî-tāi, sin-ê tāng kang-gia̍p, pau-hâm Tiong-kok Kǹg-thih téng-téng khai-siat, jî-chhiáⁿ khui-thong tē-jī káng-kháu.\n\nTē-lí\n-----\n\nGio̍k-san lâm-hong\nKo-hiông-chhī tang-pa̍k-pō͘ sī Gio̍k-san Soaⁿ-me̍h kap Tiong-iong soaⁿ-lêng, lēng-goā mā ū A-lí-san soaⁿ-lêng ê lâm-pêng pō͘-hūn. Tī chhī ê tāng-pêng kok ū Hōng-soaⁿ khiu-lêng. Tī khò-hái kap chhī-lāi, ū Siū-san kap Poàⁿ-pêng-soaⁿ.\n\nKo-hiông-chhī tang-bin ū Ko-pîn-khe, kap Pîn-tong-koān sio keh, pak-bin ū Jī-jîn-khe, kap Tâi-lâm-chhī sio kè. Kî-tiong Ko-pîn-khe chú-iàu ê chi-lâu ū Lâm-chú-sian-khe kap Lāu-lông-khe. Kî-tha koh ū A-kong-tiàm-khe, Tián-pó-khe, Āu-ngē-khe, Ài-hô kap Chiân-tìn-hô téng-téng.\n\nHêng-chèng-khu\n--------------\n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| * Kū Ko-hiông-chhī\n\t+ Chiân-kim-khu\n\t+ Chiân-tìn-khu\n\t+ Chó-iâⁿ-khu\n\t+ Iâm-tiâⁿ-khu\n\t+ Kî-tin-khu\n\t+ Kó͘-san-khu\n\t+ Lâm-chú-khu\n\t+ Lêng-ngá-khu\n\t+ Sam-bîn-khu\n\t+ Sin-heng-khu\n\t+ Sió-káng-khu\n | * Hōng-soaⁿ tē-khu\n\t+ Chiáu-chhêng-khu\n\t+ Hōng-soaⁿ-khu\n\t+ Jîn-bú-khu\n\t+ Lîm-hn̂g-khu\n\t+ Toā-chhiū-khu\n\t+ Toā-liâu-khu\n\t+ Toā-siā-khu\n | * Kong-san tē-khu\n\t+ A-lian-khu\n\t+ Chhân-liâu-khu\n\t+ Chú-koaⁿ-khu\n\t+ Éng-an-khu\n\t+ Iàn-châu-khu\n\t+ Ka-tiāⁿ-khu\n\t+ Kiô-thâu-khu\n\t+ Kong-san-khu\n\t+ Lō͘-tek-khu\n\t+ Mî-tô-khu\n\t+ Ô͘-lāi-khu\n | * Kî-san tē-khu\n\t+ Bi-long-khu\n\t+ Bō͘-lîm-khu\n\t+ Kah-sian-khu\n\t+ Kî-san-khu\n\t+ Lāi-mn̂g-khu\n\t+ La̍k-ku-khu\n\t+ Namasia-khu\n\t+ Sam-nâ-khu\n\t+ Thô-goân-khu\n |\n\nKau-thong\n---------\n\nKo-hiông-chhī sī Tâi-oân lâm-pō͘ siōng tiōng-iàu ê kau-thong tiong-sim, iā-sī Tang-lâm-a tē-khu tiōng-iàu ê kau-thong chhu-liú chi it, Ko-hiông-chhī ê kau-thong ūn-su bāng-lō͘ têng-hiān \"hái, lio̍k, khong\" saⁿ ê hong-ūi hoat-tián.\n\nTùi lāi, kau-thong bāng-lō͘ hong-bīn, to͘-hōe-khu lāi khah chê-choân, iû-kî sī chhī-khu lāi-bīn ê kau-thong bāng-lō͘ sī ke̍k oán-choán. Ko-hiông-chhī ê kong-kiōng ūn-su chú-iàu sī thih-lō͘ lia̍t-chhia, kong-chhia, kheh-ūn, kè-têng-chhia, tō͘-chûn kap khoân-káng koan-kong (環港觀光) téng-téng só͘ chó͘-sêng, kî-tiong, kúi-tō ūn-su (軌道運輸) sī Ko-hiông-chhī ê chú-iàu kong-kiōng kau-thong ūn-su kang-kū, pau-koa hóe-chhia, ko-sok-thih-lō͘ kap chia̍t-ūn.\n\nTû-liáu Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn chú-iàu kiâⁿ tī chhī-khu lāi-bīn, mā ū Tâi-thih Chhiong-koàn-sòaⁿ kap Tâi-oân Ko-sok Thih-lō͘ kiâⁿ-kòe Ko-hiông-chhī lâi siat chām. Jî-chhiáⁿ mā ū chōe-chōe kok-tō kap séng-tō thong-óng choân Tâi kok-tē chi gōa.\n\nKok-chè tùi gōa kau-thong ê pō͘-hūn, hái-ūn kap khong-ūn hun-pia̍t ū Ko-hiông-káng kap Ko-hiông Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ chò chú-iàu ê kì-tiám (據點).\n\n### Kúi-tō Kau-thong (軌道交通)\n\n#### Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘ Koán-lí-kio̍k\n\nTâi-thih bo̍k-chêng tī Ko-hiông-chhī ê lō͘-sòaⁿ ū kheh-ūn ûi chú ê Chhiong-koàn-sòaⁿ, Pîn-tong Sòaⁿ, koh-ū hòe-ūn ûi chú ê Ko-hiông Lîm-káng Sòaⁿ. \n\nChhiong-koàn-sòaⁿ kap Pîn-tong Sòaⁿ tī pún-chhī chóng-kiōng ū siat-li̍p 18 ê chhia-chām. Kî-tiong, Ko-hiông Chhia-thâu sī te̍k-téng-chām (特等站), sī tāi-chiòng ūn-su ê pôaⁿ-chhia chhu-liú, jî-chhiáⁿ mā sī Chhiòng-koàn-sòaⁿ kap Pîn-tong Sòaⁿ ê kau-kài chām; Sin-chó-iâⁿ Chhia-thâu kap Kong-san Chhia-thâu sī it-téng-chām (一等站).\n\nKo-hiông chhī-khu thih-lō͘ tē-hā-hòa kang-têng í-keng tī 2009 nî 6 goe̍h 26 ji̍t choân-bīn tāng-kang khí-chō, 2018 nî 10 goe̍h 14 ji̍t chèng-sek thong-chhia.\n\n#### Tâi-oân Ko-sok Thih-lō͘\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Tâi-oân Ko-sok Thih-lō͘\nKo-thih Chó-iâⁿ-chām, Tâi-thih Sin-chó-iâⁿ Chām kap Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn Âng-sòaⁿ ê thih-lō͘ chhia-chām sī chi̍t-ê \"sam-thih-kiōng-kò͘\" (三鐵共構) chhia-chām, bo̍k-chêng sī ko-thih lō͘-sòaⁿ ê lâm-toan chiong-tiám-chām. Bī-lâi kám ū beh kā ko-thih lō͘-sòaⁿ kè-siok iân-sin kàu Pîn-tong iáu-koh bē khak-tēng.\n\n#### Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn\n* Âng-soàⁿ\n* Kiat-soàⁿ\n\n#### Ko-hiông Khin-kúi\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn Khoân-chōng Kheng-kúi\n\nKàu-io̍k\n--------\n\n* Ko-hiông I-ha̍k Tāi-ha̍k\n* Kok-li̍p Ko-hiông Su-hoān Tāi-ha̍k\n\nChí-mōai siâⁿ-chhī\n------------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| * Bí-kok Honolulu\n* Bí-kok Macon\n* Bí-kok Tulsa\n* Bí-kok Colorado Springs\n* Bí-kok Miami\n* Bí-kok San Antonio\n* Bí-kok Seattle\n* Bí-kok Knoxville\n* Bí-kok Plains\n* Bí-kok Pensacola\n* Bí-kok Mobile\n | * Bí-kok Little Rock\n* Bí-kok Portland\n* Tāi-hân Bîn-kok Busan\n* Hui-li̍p-pin Cebu\n* Oa̍t-lâm Đà Nẵng\n* Colombia Barranquilla\n* Costa Rica Cartago\n* Lâm-hui-kok Durban\n* Malawi Blantyre\n* Ò-chiu Brisbane\n |\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ *原住民族語言線上詞典*. 原住民族委員會.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nKo-hiông-chhī ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Ko-hiông chhī-khu | Chiân-kim-khu **·** Chiân-tìn-khu **·** Chó-iâⁿ-khu **·** Iâm-tiâⁿ-khu **·** Kî-tin-khu **·** Kó͘-san-khu **·** Lâm-chú-khu **·** Lêng-ngá-khu **·** Sam-bîn-khu **·** Sin-heng-khu **·** Sió-káng-khu | |\n| |\n| Hōng-soaⁿ tē-khu | Chiáu-chhêng-khu **·** Hōng-soaⁿ-khu **·** Jîn-bú-khu **·** Lîm-hn̂g-khu **·** Tōa-chhiū-khu **·** Tōa-liâu-khu **·** Tōa-siā-khu |\n| |\n| Kong-san tē-khu | A-lian-khu **·** Chhân-liâu-khu **·** Chú-koaⁿ-khu **·** Éng-an-khu **·** Iàn-châu-khu **·** Ka-tiāⁿ-khu **·** Kiô-thâu-khu **·** Kong-san-khu **·** Lō͘-tek-khu **·** Mî-tô-khu **·** Ô͘-lāi-khu |\n| |\n| Kî-san tē-khu | Bi-long-khu **·** Kah-sian-khu **·** Kî-san-khu **·** Lāi-mn̂g-khu **·** La̍k-ku-khu **·** Sam-nâ-khu |\n| |\n| Goân-chū-bîn khu | Bō͘-lîm-khu **·** Namasia-khu **·** Thô-goân-khu |\n| |\n| Lâm-hái chu tó | Tang-soa Kûn-tó (sio̍k-î Kî-tin-khu) **·** Lâm-soa Kûn-tó ê Thài-pêng-tó kap Tiong-chiu-ta (sio̍k-î Kî-tin-khu) |\n\n |\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok (Tâi-oân) ê hêng-chèng-khu |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Ti̍t-hat-chhī | Ko-hiông-chhī **·** Sin-pak-chhī **·** Tâi-lâm-chhī **·** Tâi-pak-chhī **·** Tâi-tiong-chhī **·** Thô-hn̂g-chhī | |\n| |\n| Tâi-oân-séng | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Chhī | Ka-gī-chhī **·** Ke-lâng-chhī **·** Sin-tek-chhī |\n| |\n| Koān | Biâu-le̍k-koān **·** Chiong-hoà-koān **·** Gî-lân-koān **·** Hoa-liân-koān **·** Hûn-lîm-koān **·** Ka-gī-koān **·** Lâm-tâu-koān **·** Pîn-tong-koān **·** Phêⁿ-ô͘-koān **·** Sin-tek-koān **·** Tâi-tang-koān |\n\n |\n| |\n| Hok-kiàn-séng | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Koān | Kim-mn̂g-koān **·** Liân-kang-koān |\n\n |\n\n |\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 168502106\n* LCCN: n81018396\n* GND: 4341688-3\n* SUDOC: 164679715\n* BNF: cb11997748b (data)\n* NDL: 00634473\n* NKC: ge551182\n* CiNii: DA05118110\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Ko-hiông-chhī","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[2864,9272,0.3088869715271786],"infobox":["\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Ko-hiông-chhī
    —  Ti̍t-hat-chhī  —
    高雄市
    \n

    \n
    \n\n\n\n
    \"Ko-hiông-chhī
    Kî-á    		 \"Ko-hiông-chhī
    Ìn-á
    \n
    Goā-hō: Táⁿ-káu, Káng-to͘
    \"ê
    ê uī-tì
    \n
    Keng-hūi-tō͘: 22°38′N 120°16′E / 22.633°N 120.267°E / 22.633; 120.267
    Kok-ka\n \"\" Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok\n
    Chèng-hú
     - Chhī-tiúⁿ\n\t\tTân Kî-māi
    Bīn-chek
     - Lóng-chóng\n\t\t2,946.2671 km2
    Jîn-kháu
     - Lóng-chóng2,772,349 lâng
     - Bi̍t-tō͘\n941/km2
    Sî-khuUTC+08:00 (UTC)\n\t
    Bāng-chāmwww.kcg.gov.tw
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":11309}} -{"text":"**Ta̍t-him Kang-têng Kó͘-hūn Iú-hān Kong-si** (達欣工程股份有限公司), kán-chheng **Ta̍t-him Kang-têng** (達欣工程) ia̍h **Ta̍t-him-kang** (達欣工) sī Tâi-oân ê chi̍t keng chiūⁿ-chhī êng-kiàn kong-si, tû-liáu it-poaⁿ chū-the̍h kiàn-siat í-gōa, ū chèng-hú kang-têng sêng-pau lêng-le̍k kap kah-kip êng-chō-chhiúⁿ chu-keh.\n\nTa̍t-him Kang-têng tī Tâi-oân ê le̍k-sú hui-siông kú-tn̂g, chá tī 1967 nî tiō í-keng sêng-li̍p, mā chham-ú hit-sî Tâi-oân keng-chè khí-poe siâⁿ-chhī-hòa ê kong-gū kiàn-siat, sêng-li̍p 8 tang āu tiō chhú-tit kah-kip êng-chō-chhiúⁿ chu-keh. 1979 nî sêng-kiàn Tâi-pak Gióng-tek Tōa-lâu sī hit-sî Tâi-oân siāng tōa liōng-thé kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t; chiông-chhú chhut-miâ pēng chiap-hā Tiong-heng Pháng-chit Tōa-lâu, Tâi-pak Oán-khì Tiong-sim téng ū-miâ kiàn-siat-àn, koh hām chèng-hú tong-kio̍k koan-hē liông-hó, kè-sio̍k chhú-tit Tiong-hôa Hâng-khong ki-pêⁿ kap Sin-tek Kho-ha̍k Hn̂g-khu téng kiàn-siat, 1996 nî kó͘-phiò chiūⁿ-chhī. Āu-lâi koh nn̄g pái tit-tio̍h Lāi-chèng-pō͘ Êng-kiàn-sú iu-liông êng-chō-siong phêng-kè.","meta":{"title":"Ta̍t-him Kang-têng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1021,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1159}} -{"text":"Demonstration model of a direct-methanol fuel cell (black layered cube) in its enclosure.\nScheme of a proton-conducting fuel cell\n**Jiân-liāu tiān-tî** (燃料電池; Eng-gí: *fuel cell*) sī chi̍t chióng chú-iàu thàu-kòe sng-sò͘ ia̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ sng-hòa-che chìn-hêng sng-hòa hoân-goân hoán-èng, kā jiân-liāu lāi ê hòa-ha̍k-lêng choán-ōaⁿ chò tiān-lêng ê hoat-tiān chong-tì. Siāng chia̍p-khoàiⁿ ê jiân-liāu sī chúi-sò͘, kî-thaⁿ jiân-liāu lâi-goân lâi-chū jīm-hô thang hun-kái chhut chúi-sò͘ goân-chú ê thòaⁿ-hòa chúi-sò͘, chhan-chhiūⁿ thian-jiân-khì, alcohol téng. Jiân-liāu tiān-tî hām it-chhù tiān-tî bô kāng-khoán, hó-chhù tī thàu-kòe ún-tēng kiong-èng sng-sò͘ kap jiân-liāu lâi-goân, tio̍h ē-tàng chhî-sio̍k put-toān lâi thê-kiong ún-tēng tiān-le̍k, ti̍t-kàu jiân-liāu ēng liáu, hām it-poaⁿ hui-chhiong-tiān tiān-tî ēng liáu tiō tàn-tiāu bô-kāng.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85052220\n* GND: 4008195-3\n* BNF: cb11944532n (data)\n* NDL: 00568097\n* NKC: ph395728\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Jiân-liāu tiān-tî","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[92,933,0.09860664523043944],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1141}} -{"text":"**Cheng E̍k-jîn** (鍾逸人; 1921 nî 12 goe̍h 17 ji̍t chhut-sì ), Tâi-oân Tâi-tiong-chhī chhut-sin, chêng Jī-chhit Pō͘-tūi pō͘-tūi-tiúⁿ; i iā sī chi̍t ūi chok-ka, bat tit-tio̍h tē-18 kài Tâi-oân Bûn-ha̍k-ka Gû-tin Chióng kap Ngô͘ To̍k-liû Bûn-ha̍k Chióng.\n\nCheng E̍k-jîn jīn-ûi \"Tâi-oân-lâng m̄-sī Tiong-kok-lâng\", \"Tâi-oân ài to̍k-li̍p\"; kiàn-kok sī beh kiâⁿ ji̍p kûn-chiòng tàu-tīn phah-piàⁿ, khé-bêng Tâi-oân ê le̍k-sú kap Tâi-oân chiâⁿ-si̍t ê sin-hūn, chhian-bān m̄-thang koh gōng-gōng thiaⁿ-sìn Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng ê iâu-giân. I hi-bāng hoàn-chhéⁿ siàu-liân chi̍t tāi tùi Tâi-oân le̍k-sú ê chèng-khak jīn-ti, í \"seng put ûi lô\" (生不為奴) ê sìn-liām kap kiōng-tông ê \"kok-bîn ì-chì\", hō͘ kok-chè kiông-koân chai-iáⁿ \"góa beh kiàn-li̍p chú-koân to̍k-li̍p ê kok-ka\".\n\nChham-khó\n---------\n\n1. ↑ 重現二七部隊座談會 為自由而戰的台灣魂, 台灣教會公報, 2016-03-11\n2. ↑ 二七部隊部隊長鍾逸人前輩參訪台灣聖山, 台灣大地文教基金會, 2013-10-15\n3. ↑ 書寫二戰往事 93歲鍾逸人見證歷史, 自由時報, 2014-12-10","meta":{"title":"Cheng E̍k-jîn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[182,946,0.19238900634249473],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1095}} -{"text":"Alexander Pushkin\n**Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin** (Lō͘-se-a-gí: Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Пу́шкин, IPA: Sound [ʌlʲɪˈksandr sʲɪˈrgʲevʲɪtɕ ˈpuʂkʲɪn]?, 1799 nî 6 goe̍h 6 ji̍t – 1837 nî 2 goe̍h 10 ji̍t) sī Lō͘-se-a lōng-bān-chú-gī ê chok-ka, hông chun-chhûn chò Lō͘-se-a it-lia̍p-it ê si-jîn, pēng-chhiáⁿ sī Lō͘-se-a bó-gí bûn-ha̍k Lō͘-se-a bûn-ha̍k ê khai-ki-chiá. Pushkin ēng kháu-gí lái siá si kap kha-pún, chhòng-chō 1 chióng thàu-lām hì-ke̍k, lōng-bān-sú (romance), kap khoe-sé (satire) ê kóng-kó͘ hong-keh, tùi boé-āu ê Lō͘-se-a chok-ka éng-hióng kài toā. 1833 nî hoat-piáu ê si *Tâng Khî-sū* (Медный всадник) sī Pushkin ê tāi-piáu-chok.\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* WorldCat Identities\n* VIAF: 66477450\n* LCCN: n80036579\n* ISNI: 0000 0001 2137 2055\n* GND: 118641816\n* SELIBR: 85223\n* SUDOC: 028188012\n* BNF: cb12007375v (data)\n* BIBSYS: 97000967\n* ULAN: 500324476\n* NLA: 36246179\n* NDL: 00453465\n* NKC: jn19990210513\n* ICCU: CFIV001053\n* RLS: 000080362\n* BNE: XX910058\n* CiNii: DA00383486\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Alexander Pushkin","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[272,927,0.29341963322545844],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1167}} -{"text":"**Thian-káu-jia̍t** (Eng-gú: dengue fever; 登革热), mā ū-lâng kóng **pan-soa**, sī 1-chióng **kòe-lū-sèng pēⁿ-to̍k** ín-khí ê kip-sèng thôan-jiám-pēⁿ.\n\nHoat-pēⁿ ê chêng-hêng\n---------------------\n\nSiāng ki-pún ê pēⁿ-chèng sī án-ne--ê : \n\n1. liân-sòa 3~5-kang hoat-ko-sio,\n2. giâm-tiōng thâu-khak thiàⁿ,\n3. ki-bah sng-thiàⁿ, kui sin-khu koan-chat thiàⁿ,\n4. ba̍k-chiu-kho· (= ba̍k-o = ba̍k-u, 眼窩) thiàⁿ,\n5. chhiah-sng (噁心), áu-thò· (嘔吐) kah chhut-môa-á (出疹),\n6. hoat-sio kî-kan hōan-sè sûi-sî ē lâu chhùi-khí-hoeh kah phīⁿ-khang-hoeh.\n\nGín-á ê pēⁿ-chèng thong-siông pí tōa-lâng khah khin. Chiâm-ho̍k-kî tāi-khài sī 3~14-kang, tio̍h-pēⁿ āu hōan-sè ē kám-kak ke̍k-tō· ê phî-lô iah-siān kah ut-chut ê chêng-hêng, ū-ê lâng pēⁿ-chêng ē ok-hòa, chhut-hoeh, hun-bê-put-chhéⁿ, sīm-chì sí-bông.\ni snjshafh /jakj flhagh yghjghdj; hsj ghj.vnkrh mabjvbcbhsjBAueg fd bvfue gfuycock\n\nLiû-thôan ê tē-khu kah kùi-cheh\n-------------------------------\n\nThian-káu-jia̍t khah chia̍p chhut-hiān ê kùi-cheh sī tī hō·-kùi (joā-thiⁿ) tiong-kan a̍h-sī-kóng hō·-kùi tú-tú-hó soah ê sî-chūn. Thian-káu-jia̍t pēⁿ-chêng siōng giâm-tiōng ê só·-chāi tī Tang-lâm-a kah Latin Bí-chiu.\n\nThian-káu-jia̍t án-chóaⁿ thôan-jiám\n-----------------------------------\n\nThian-káu-jia̍t lóng-sī khò o·-kha-báng thôan-jiám--ê. O·-kha-báng khah giàn tī ji̍t--sî chhut-lâi thó-chia̍h, te̍k-pia̍t sī chá-khí-sî chhut ji̍t-thâu liáu-āu ê 2-tiám-cheng lāi kah beh-àm-á ji̍t-thâu beh lo̍h-soaⁿ chìn-chêng ê kúi-tiám-cheng lāi. Ka-sú hōan-chiá tī-leh tú-tú hoat-sio chìn-chêng kàu-kah khai-sí thè-sio kòe-āu ê 6~7-kang tiong-kan, nā koh-chài hō· báng-á tèng-tio̍h, pēⁿ-to̍k to̍h-ē seng thôan-jiám hō· báng-á, chiah-koh kòe hō· pa̍t-lâng, chòe-āu ná òe ná chōe lâng. Put-jī-kò, nā hām pēⁿ-lâng chiap-chhiok khiok-sī m̄-bián kiaⁿ kóng ē hō· i kòe--tio̍h.\n\nÁn-chóaⁿ ū-hông\n---------------\n\nTâi-uân Tâi-lâm-tshī \"Siau-bia̍t Thian-káu-jia̍t\" (消滅天狗熱) ê suan-thuân pòo-tiâu-á\nHiān-chú-sî koh bô iú-hāu ê e̍k-biâu thang-hó ū-hông thian-káu-jia̍t. Só·-í, siōng-hó ê pān-hoat to̍h-sī phiah-bián hō· báng-thâng ka--tio̍h, tèng--tio̍h. Ū-hông báng-thâng tèng-siong ê phiat-pō͘, chhiáⁿ khòaⁿ ē-kha : \n\n* Chhut-gōa lú-iû ê sî, chīn-liōng khah mài chhēng té-ńg saⁿ-á kah té-khò·-á.\n* Khiā-sok ê sî, ài kéng ū khong-tiâu a̍h-sī ū se-thang ê chhù-keng.\n* Chhù-lâi-té sî-sîong iōng sat-thâng-che sì-kòe phùn-phùn--leh. Beh khùn chìn-chêng, siōng-hó ài seng nê báng-tà.\n* Ū tiâu-kiāⁿ ê sî, ē-tàng tī sin-khu téng boat khu-báng-che (phì-jû-kóng \"DEET\", m̄-koh gín-á nā-beh sú-iōng, to̍h-ài sòe-jī).\n* Ko·-put-chiong ài tī chhiū-nâ lāi-té kòe-mê ê sî, to̍h-ài chhôan 1-kóa-á khu-báng-che, chiong saⁿ-khò· hām báng-tà lóng-chóng kā phùn-phùn--leh.\n\nTī-liâu\n-------\n\nKá-sú chìn-chêng bat khì-kòe thian-kàu-jia̍t pēⁿ-gôan tē, ah tò-tńg-lâi 1 go̍eh-ji̍t chi-lāi hoat-pēⁿ, iû-kî ū chhut-hoeh ê chèng-chn̄g, èng-kai ài kóaⁿ-kín khòaⁿ i-seng. Hoat-ko-sio ê sî-chūn ài iōng sio-chúi jiû sin-khu, chèng-khak ho̍k-iōng thè-sio-io̍k lâi kàng-un (phì-jû paracetamol = acetaminophen = \"撲熱息痛\"), m̄-thang ho̍k-iōng hâm-ū aspirin (\"亞士畢靈\") ê io̍k-á, nā-bô chhut-hoeh ē ke-chin giâm-tiōng. Hiān-chú-sî mā bô te̍k-hāu ê io̍k-bu̍t ē-tàng ū-hāu lâi tùi-hù thian-káu-jia̍t chhut-huih. Tī-liâu ê sî, pēⁿ-īⁿ hong-bīn ē-sái thê-kiong hú-chō·-sèng ê tī-liâu.","meta":{"title":"Thian-káu-jia̍t","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[813,3160,0.2572784810126582],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3736}} -{"text":"\n**TDM-GCC** (ing-gú: TDM-GCC) sī Microsoft Windows ê pian-i̍k-khì thò-kiānn. Tse sī tsiânn-tsē tsheh-tsi̍k tang-tiong thong-siông thui-tsiàn ê pian-tsi̍p-khì; bô-lūn sī tsiam-tuì tshoo-ha̍k-tsiá hām king-giām hong-hù ê tîng-sū-guân.\n\nTDM-GCC kiat-ha̍p GCC kang-kū-tsi̍p ê siōng-sin ún-tīng pán-pún; tsi̍t-kuá-á iōng-teh Windows-Frignsteliness ê póo-ting í-ki̍p bián-huì kah khai-hòng guân-sú-bé nńg-thé [en] MinGW [en] ê tsip-hîng-kî [en] API [en]; í-lâi tshòng-kiàn Microsoft pian-tsi̍p-khì hām pênn-tâi SDK [en] ê khui-guân thè-tāi hong-àn. Uì Windows 98 í-lâi, jīm-hô pán-pún ê Windows lóng ē-sái kòo-kiàn 32 bit kah 64 bit 2 tsìn-tsè ê bûn-kiānn [en].\n\nTDM-GCC sī tuì kî-thann sóo-tsāi tsū-iû sú-iōng ê tsoo-kiānn ê tiông-sin hun-phuè. Tsi̍t-ê siōng-tuā ê khu-pia̍t tio̍h-sī, TDM-GCC king-kái bi̍k-jīn ê GCC tsu-liāu-khòo ài tsīng-thài liân-tsiap hâm-sòo-khòo [en]; pīng-tshiánn sú-iōng kiōng-hióng luē-tsûn [en] khu-i̍k tsìn-hîng lē-guā tshú-lí [en].\n\nKah TDM-GCC pa̍k tsò-hué ê IDE\n------------------------------\n\n* Code::Blocks\n* Dev-C++\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. 1 2 \"About | TDM-GCC\".\n2. ↑\n3. ↑ \"Google Scholar\".\n4. ↑ \"TDM-GCC Compiler\".\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Exception handling\n* Free and open-source software\n* GNU General Public License\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* TDM-GCC website (redirects to )","meta":{"title":"TDM-GCC","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[335,1354,0.24741506646971936],"infobox":["
    TDM-GCC
    Khai-hoat\nTDragon
    Goân-chho͘
    pán-pún    		\n2007 nî 10 goe̍h 11 ji̍t (2007-10-11)
    OS\nWindows
    Lūi-hêng\nKhai-huat khuân-kíng [en]
    Siū-koân\nGPLv3 [en]
    Bāng-chām\nTDM-GCC Home
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1453}} -{"text":"\n\n| Merapi Soaⁿ (Tiong Java) |\n| --- |\n| Merapi |\n| Hái-poa̍t: | 2,914 kong-chhioh |\n| Ūi-tì: | Tiong Java (Ìn-nî) |\n| Soaⁿ-me̍h: | |\n| Chō-piau: | 7°32′S, 110°26′E |\n| Hêng-thài: | Stratovolcano |\n| Nî-tāi: | 400,000 nî |\n| Po̍k-hoat: | 2002 |\n\n**Merapi Soaⁿ** (*Gunung Merapi*, Má-lâi-oē \"Hoé-soaⁿ\" ê ì-sù), tiàm-tī Ìn-nî Tiong Java ê 1 chō hoé-soaⁿ, chū 1548 nî kàu 2006 nî (4 goe̍h) bat po̍k-hoat 68 kái, sī Ìn-nî siōng chia̍p oa̍h-tōng ê hoé-soaⁿ. Merapi put-chí-á oá Yogyakarta chit ê siâⁿ-chhī. Ū sò͘-chheng lâng tiàm soaⁿ-kha khiā-khí. Hái-poa̍t 1700 kong-chhioh koân ê só͘-chāi to-iā ū chng-thâu tī--teh. Chia ê in-sò͘ tì-sú IAVCEI chiōng Merapi kui tī \"Cha̍p-tang Hoé-soaⁿ\" (*Decade Volcano*) ê lūi-pia̍t.\n\nÌn-nî Se Sumatra oân-ná ū 1 lia̍p hoé-soaⁿ hō kāng miâ--ê (chham-khó Merapi Soaⁿ (Sumatra)).\n\nChoè-kīn ê po̍k-hoat hoat-seng tī 1992 nî. 2006 nî 4 goe̍h iū-koh khai-sí chhèng-ian, tē-tāng, lâu hoé-ko.","meta":{"title":"Merapi Soaⁿ","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[177,817,0.21664626682986537],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1016}} -{"text":"**Altai gú-hē** (Eng-gí: Altaic languages) sī chi̍t-ê àn-chiàu gú-giân hē-sio̍k hong-hoat só͘ pun chhut-lâi ê chi̍t-chó͘ ká-siat ê gú-hē, chú-iàu chiong Thut-khoat gú-cho̍k, Bông-kó͘ gú-cho̍k kap Tungus gú-cho̍k hōa-hun ûi chi̍t-ê gú-hē, ū-sî Tiâu-sián-gú, Liû-kiû-gú, Ji̍t-gú kap Ainu-gú iā ōe kui-lūi tī kî-tiong. Chit-ê gú-hē chú-iàu hun-pò͘ tī pak-hūi 35 tō͘ í-pak ê A-chiu í-ki̍p Tang-au tē-khu, oa̍h-tāng khu-e̍k chha-put-to tī Ji̍t-pún kap Thó͘-ní-kî chi-kan, pau-koat 60 goa̍h chióng gú-giân. chit-ê gú-hē ê miâ-chheng lâi-chū Tiong-a ê Altai soaⁿ-me̍h. Hiān-kim khah-chōe pí-kàu gú-giân-ha̍k-ka jīn-ûi chit-ê ká-soat pēng-bô sêng-li̍p. Chóng-sī chit-ê ká-soat iû-goân ū chió-sò͘ ê ha̍k-chiá chi-chhî.\n\n* Altai gú-hē ê hun-pò͘Altai gú-hē ê hun-pò͘\n\nNâ-sek: Turk gú-cho̍k; Le̍k-sek: Bông-kó͘ gú-cho̍k; Âng-sek: Tungus gú-cho̍k; N̂g-sek: Tiâu-sián gú-cho̍k; Chí-sek: Ji̍t-pún--Liû-kiû gú-cho̍k\n\nChit-ê ká-soat siōng-chá tī 18 sè-kí thê-chhut, tī 1960 nî-tāi hō͘ gú-giân-ha̍k-kài kóng-hoàn chiap-siū, jî-chhiáⁿ pian ji̍p-khì kàu-kho-su kap pah-kho-choân-su lāi-té. Tī 1950 nî-tāi khai-sí, chin-chōe goân-pún jīn-ûi sī tông-goân-sû ê tan-jī pī hoat-hiān pēng-m̄-sī tông-goân, Bông-kó͘-gú hām Thó͘-ní-kî-gú iā pī hoat-hiān sī chhu-tông ián-hòa, jî m̄-sī tùi kāng-chi̍t-ê chó͘-gú ián-piàn chòe kok-chióng hong-giân, gú-giân-ha̍k-chiá khai-sí jīn-ûi chit-ê ká-soat ê chèng-kù bô chhiong-chiok. Hoán-tùi-chiá koh jīn-ûi, che kúi ê gú-cho̍k chi-kan put-chí-á sio-siâng ê goân-in sī cho̍k-kûn chi-kan ê gú-giân chiap-chhiok tòa-lâi ê le̍k-sú kiat-kó.\n\nKhí-thâu, chit-ê ká-soat kā Turk gú-cho̍k, Bông-kó͘ gú-cho̍k kap Tungus gú-cho̍k kui-la̍p chòe-hóe, jīn-ûi in ū kâng-khoán ê khí-goân. Āu-lâi ha̍k-chiá thê-chhut 'Altai chhiau-gú-hē', chiong Tiâu-sián-gú, Ji̍t-gú iā pau-koat tī kî-tiong, tān-sī chit-ê ká-siat tn̂g-kî ū cheng-gī. Chhú-gōa, iā bat ū gú-giân-ha̍k-ka kā i hām Ural gú-hē pun chòe-hóe chó͘-sêng Ural-Altai gú-hē. Сергей Анатольевич Старостин hām kî-thaⁿ gú-giân-ha̍k-chiá tì-le̍k û tiông-kiàn goân-sí Altai-gú (Proto-Altaic language).\n\nAltai gú-hē tiong ū pau-koat 66 chióng gú-giân, ka-ji̍p liáu Liû-kiû-gú, Ji̍t-gú hām Tiâu-sián-gú ê chhiau-Altai gú-hē kèng-ka sī pau-koat liáu 74 chióng gú-giân. chi̍t-kóa kó͘-tāi gú-giân, pí-jû Tiong-kó͘ Bông-kó͘-gú, Kó͘-tiâu-sián-gú hām Kó͘-ji̍t-gú it-poaⁿ bô kè-sǹg tī lāi-bīn.\n\nŪ chi̍t-kóa ha̍k-chiá jīn-ûi Hàn-chòng gú-hē kap Altai gú-hē ū hoat-seng-ha̍k koan-hē. Pí-lūn-kóng, Lāi-bông-kó͘ kàu-siū Mang Muli hoat-hiān Bông-kó͘-gú í-ki̍p Hàn-gú lóng-chóng ū 3000 goa̍h ê sû-lūi. Koh-ū, Turk gú-cho̍k iā kap Hàn-gú sio-siâng: Thó͘-ní-kî-gú ê 'sui' kap Hàn-gú ê 'shui水' sio-siâng. Lēng-gōa, Altai gú-hē ê 'tengri' sio-siâng Hàn-gú ê 'tian天'\n\nLe̍k-sú\n-------\n\n1730 nî Sūi-tián kun-koaⁿ Philip Johan von Stahlenberg àn-chiàu gú-giân chi-kan ê siong-sū-sèng chiong gú-giân hun-lūi, kî-tiong pau-hâm chi̍t-kóa āu-lâi hō͘-lâng kui-ji̍p Altai gú-hē ê gú-giân. 1844 nî Matthias Castrén siú-sian thê-chhut Altai gú-hē, tû-liáu pau-koat Turk, Bông-kó͘ hām Tungus-gú, iā la̍p-ji̍p āu-lâi chiâⁿ-chòe Ural gú-hē ê Samoyed gú-cho̍k kap Finno-Ugric gú-cho̍k.\n\nTī tōa-pòaⁿ ê 19 sè-kí í-ki̍p 20 sè-kí chho͘-kî, Altai gú-hē he̍k-chiá sī Ural-Altai gú-hē ê khài-liām liû-thoân kóng-hoàn. kūn-nî-lâi, iah-ū gú-giân-ha̍k-ka bô-koh chi-chhî chit-ê ká-soat, jīn-ûi Thut-khoat, Bông-kó͘ hām Tungus sī saⁿ-ê bô chhin-iân koan-hē ê gú-cho̍k, in chi-kan ê sio-siâng sī tn̂g-kî chiap-chhiok ê kiat-kó, jî chiong 'Altai gú-giân' khòaⁿ-choh sī chi̍t-ē gú-giân liân-bêng.\n\nTe̍k-teng\n---------\n\nBô-lūn chiah-ê kám-sī tông-goân koan-hē ê kiat-kó, Thut-khoat gú-cho̍k, Bông-kó͘ gú-cho̍k kap Tungus gú-cho̍k tek-khak ū bōe-chió te̍k-teng, chhiaⁿ khòaⁿ ē-tóe ê hoān-lē:\n\n* saⁿ-ê gú-cho̍k ê jîn-chheng tāi-sû ê siong-sū-sèng:\n\n**Jîn-chheng tāi-sû**| | Bông-kó͘-gú | Turk-gú | Boán-chiu-gú |\n| Tē-it jîn-chheng tan-sò͘ | bi | bän/män/men | bi |\n| Tē-jī jîn-chheng tan-sò͘ | ci < \\*ti | sän/sen | si |\n| Tē-it jîn-chheng ho̍k-sò͘ | bid | biz | be （Pâi-tû-sek） / muse（Pau-koat-sek） |\n| Tē-jī jîn-chheng ho̍k-sò͘ | ta | siz/silär | suwe |\n\n* Bông-kó͘-gú kap Turk gú-giân ū sio-siâng ê ho̍k-sò͘ hiō-tòe (Bông-kó͘-gú -nar/-ner, Turk-gú -lar/lär).\n\nTe̍k-tiám\n---------\n\n* Goân-im chú-iàu sī tan-goân-im, tông-sî ta̍k ê sû kè ū kò͘-tēng ê tiōng-im ūi-tì.\n* Sû ê hêng-thài kiat-kò͘ ho̍k-cha̍p, sû ū sû-kun, sû-kàn, sû-tòe ê hun-pia̍t, tōa-pō͘-hūn sio̍k-û liâm-tio̍k-gú.\n* Ū kek ê piàn-hòa kap hiō-tì-sû ê sú-iōng.\n* Kù ê pâi-lia̍t í SOV ûi-chú, ì-sù sī kóng, tī it-poaⁿ ê kù lāi-té, chú-gú tī thâu-chêng, ūi-gú tī āu-piah, pin-gú tī tiong-kan.\n* Goân-im hô-hâi lu̍t (he̍k-chiá kiò-chòe 'goân-im tiâu-hô')\n* Ū jîn-chheng hiō-tòe, pí-jû: tōng-sû jîn-chheng hiō-tòe, chiông-sio̍k jîn-chheng hiō-tòe, hoán-sin léng-sio̍k jîn-chheng hiō-tòe í-ki̍p Turk gú-cho̍k te̍k-iú ê ūi-gú jîn-chheng hiō-tòe. Tōng-sû hiō-tòe, tī Khalkh Bông-kó͘-gú í-ki̍p Boán-chiu-gú tiong í-keng thè-hòa. Boán-chiu-gú tī chhòng-chō bûn-jī ê sî chiông-sio̍k jîn-chheng hiō-tòe bô piáu-ta̍t tī su-bīn-gú téng-bīn. Só͘-í kàu-taⁿ i tī Boán-chiu-gú chin-chōe hong-giân tiong í-keng thè-hòa khì. Tān-sī tī Sek-peh-gú (锡伯語) í-ki̍p kî-thaⁿ Tungus-gú tiong oân-choân pó-chûn lo̍h-lâi. Jî Bông-kó͘ gú-cho̍k pêng-siông kan-ta ēng jîn-chheng tāi-sû sio̍k-kek, hek tan-to̍k sú-iōng chiông-sio̍k hiō-tòe, pí-jû: (góa ê chheh) Mini bicig he̍k-chiá bicig-min, it-poaⁿ bōe nn̄g ê chòe-hōe ēng, chhin-chhiūⁿ: Mini bicig-min. Turk gú-cho̍k kap Boán-chiu-gú-chi í-gōa ê Tungus gú-giân pêng-siông lióng-chiá kè ū leh ēng.\n\nHun-lūi\n-------\n\n* Turk gú-cho̍k\n\t+ Khwarazm-gú\n\t+ Kó͘-Turk-gú\n\t+ Kó͘-Uyghur-gú\n\t+ Bulgar gú-chi (he̍k-chiá: Oghur gú-chi)\n\t\t- Chuvash-gú\n\t+ Karluk gú-chi\n\t\t- Aynu-gú (Sin-kiong ê Abdal-gú)\n\t\t- Chagatai-gú (í-keng bia̍t-choa̍t, sêng-ûi hiān-tāi Uyghur-gú, Uzbek-gú téng-téng)\n\t\t- Ili-Turk-gú\n\t\t- Uyghur-gú (Tiong-kok Sin-kiong, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan)\n\t\t- Uzbek-gú (Uzbekistan, Tiong-kok Sin-kiong, Afghanistan)\n\t\t- Sai-pō͘ Yughur-gú (Tiong-kok Kam-siok-séng Siok-lâm-koān)\n\t+ Pak Turk gú-chi\n\t\t- Altai-gú (Lō͘-se-a Liân-pang Altai Kiōng-hô-kok）\n\t\t- Shor-gú\n\t\t- Dolgan-gú\n\t\t- Khakas-gú（Lō͘-se-a Liân-pang Khakas-kiōng-hô-kok）\n\t\t- Yakut-gú（Lō͘-se-a Liân-pang Sakha Kiōng-hô-kok）\n\t\t- Tuvan-gú（Lō͘-se-a Liân-pang Tuva Kiōng-hô-kok）\n\t+ Lâm Turk gú-chi\n\t\t- Azerbaijan-gú\n\t\t- Khorasan Turk-gú\n\t\t- Ottoman Thó͘-ní-kî-gú (í-keng bia̍t-choa̍t, chiâⁿ-chòe hiān-tāi Thó͘-ní-kî-gú)\n\t\t- Thó͘-ní-kî-gú（Thó͘-ní-kî, Bulgaria）\n\t\t- Turkmen-gú（Thó͘-ní-kî, Turkmenistan）\n\t+ Sai Turk gú-chi\n\t\t- Karakalpak-gú\n\t\t- Kazakh-gú（Kazakhstan, Tiong-kok Sin-kiong Uyghur Chū-tī-khu Ili Kazakh Chū-tī-chiu）\n\t\t- Kyrgyz-gú（Kirgiz, Kyrgyzstan, Tiong-kok Sin-kiong Uyghur Chū-tī-khu）\n\t\t- Bashkir-gú\n\t\t- Tartar-gú（Lō͘-se-a Liân-pang Tatarstan Kiōng-hô-kok）\n* Bông-kó͘ gú-cho̍k\n\t+ Khitan-gú （kó͘-tāi gú-giân）\n\t+ Dagur-gú （Tiong-kok Hek-liông-kang-séng, Lāi Bông-kó͘ Chū-tī-khu, Sin-kiong Uyghur Chū-tī-khu）\n\t+ Santa-gú (mā kiò-choè Tong-hiong-gú)\n\t+ Buryatia-gú (Lō͘-se-a Liân-pang Buryatia Kiōng-hô-kok)\n\t+ Bông-kó͘-gú (Bông-kó͘-kok, Tiong-kok Lāi Bông-kó͘ Chū-tī-khu)\n* Tungus gú-cho̍k\n\t+ Even-gú\n\t+ Evenk-gú (chìn-chêng chheng-choè Tungus-gú)\n\t+ Oroqen-gú (Tiong-kok tang-pak)\n\t+ Boán-chiu-gí (pin-gûi gú-giân, Tiong-kok tang-pak)\n\t+ Hek-tiat-gú（Nanai-gú, Gold-gú）\n\t+ Sek-peh-gú（Tiong-kok tang-pak）\n\t+ Lú-chin-gú (kó͘-tāi gú-giân）\n\nCheng-gī\n--------\n\nAltai gú-hē kám chiâⁿ-si̍t chûn-chāi, kàu-taⁿ koh ū cheng-gī. Ū ê gú-giân-ha̍k-ka jīn-ûi Turk gú-chio̍k, Bông-kó͘ gú-cho̍k kap Tungus gú-cho̍k saⁿ chióng gú-cho̍k chi-kan bô tông-goân koan-hē, chiah-ê hoán-tùi Altai gú-hē ê ha̍k-chiá jīn-ûi, chiah-ê gú-cho̍k sui-jiân ū chin-chōe sio-kâng ê gú-hoat te̍k-tiám kap kiōng-tông sû-lūi, chóng-sī che sī in-ūi tn̂g-kî ê bîn-cho̍k chiap-chhiok, hō͘-siong iông-ha̍p chiah sán-seng ê, sī chioh-iōng ê kiat-kó, pēng-m̄-sī goân-sí-gú ûi-liû lo̍h-lâi ê goân-sí te̍k-teng. It-poaⁿ jīn-ûi sī Bông-kó͘-gú chioh-iōng Turk-gú ê sû-lūi hām gú-hoat hêng-thài. Bo̍k-chêng chit-ê būn-tôe koh tī gī-lūn chi-tiong.\n\nLēng-gōa koan-û Ji̍t-gú, Tiâu-sián-gú kám-sī sio̍k-û Altai gú-hē iā chō-sêng liáu chin tōa ê cheng-gī. Chi̍t-kóa ha̍k-chiá jīn-ûi nā-sī kā Ji̍t-gú, Tiâu-sián-gú khǹg tī Altai gú-hē chi-gōa ē-tàng koh-khah khek-koan, mā ōe kiám-chió chit-ê gú-hē chûn-chāi ê cheng-gī.\n\n### Altai chhiau-gú-hē ká-soat\n\nHa̍k-kài phó͘-phiàn jīn-ûi Ji̍t-gú kap Liû-kiû-gú chòe-hōe sio̍k-û bó͘-chi̍t-ê gú-hē. Ká-sú che nn̄g ê gú-giân bô pēng-ji̍p kî-thaⁿ gú-hē, tio̍h to̍k-li̍p chòe chi̍t ê Ji̍t-pún--Liû-kiû gú-hē.\n\nTān-sī Tiâu-sián-gú, Ji̍t-pún--Liû-kiû gú-hē ê hē-sio̍k it-ti̍t lóng sī ha̍k-su̍t-kài cheng-lūn ê chiau-tiám. Ki-pún ū 4 lūi koan-tiám.\n\nTē-it-lūi koan-tiám jīn-ûi Tiâu-sián-gú, Ji̍t-gú, Liû-kiû-gú tio̍h-sǹg sio̍k-û Altai gú-hē, iā kan-ta ē-sái tī Altai chhiau-gú-hē ká-soat (Macro-Altaic theory) ê ki-chhó͘ siōng sêng-li̍p. In-ūi Tiâu-sián-gú ū chi̍t-kóa Altai gú-hē ê te̍k-teng, jî Ji̍t-gú kap Tiâu-sián-gú iū-koh ū bōe-chió lūi-sū ê só͘-chāi.\n\n* liû-im bōe-ōe chhut-hiān tī pún-thó͘-sû (kò͘-iú-sû) ê thâu-chi̍t-ê im-chiat.\n* goân-im hô-hâi-lu̍t（he̍k-chiá kiò goân-im tiâu-hô）\n* liâm-tio̍k-gú ê te̍k-teng\n\nTān-sī Tiâu-sián-gú, Ji̍t-gú, Liû-kiû-gú lóng-bô jîn-chheng hiō-tòe, pí-jû Tungus-gú (Hezhen) Mini bithe-i (góa ê chheh), Bi mini bithe-we-i hvla-i (góa tha̍k góa ê chheh). Bithe-we-i tiong ê we sī siū-kek hiō-toè, tông-sî 'i' sī tē-it jîn-chheng léng-sio̍k hiō-tòe. 'hvla-i' tiong ê 'i' sī tōng-sû tē-it jîn-chheng hiō-tòe. Bông-kó͘-gú 'Teguu-d-mini og' (hō͘ góa sió-tī). 'd' sī ú-kek hiō-tòe, 'mini' sī tē-it jîn-chheng léng-sio̍k hiō-tòe.\n\nTiâu-sián-gú ê che 3 ê gú-giân te̍k-teng ūi chit-ê koan-tiám thê-kiong liáu hui-siông ū-la̍t ê chi-chhî. Tān-sī in-ūi Tiâu-sián-gú hām Altai gú-hē ê kî-thaⁿ gú-giân chi-kan ê tông-goân-sû put-chí-á chió (Ji̍t-gú bô), só͘-í hoán-tùi chit-ê koan-tiám ê ha̍k-chiá it-poaⁿ lóng kā che chok-ûi hoán-pok ê kiông-tāi chèng-kù.\n\nKoan-û goân-im hô-hâi-lu̍t, chit-chióng gú-giân te̍k-teng iá pēng-m̄-sī Altai gú-hē ê choan-lī. Altac gú-hē chiu-piⁿ, Pak-a Chukotko-Kamchatka gú-hē ê Chukotko-gú, Tang-a Chōng-Bián gú-cho̍k (Tibeto-Burma languages) ê Kéng-pho-gú (景頗語), Kiuⁿ-gú (羌語) iā chûn-chāi he̍k-chiá sī chân-liû tio̍h goân-im hô-hâi ê hiān-siōng, jî Hui-chiu Niger-Congo gú-hēê chin-chōe gú-giân, pau-koat Igbo-gú hām chin-choē Bantu gú-cho̍k ê gú-giân, iah-ū í chhùi-chi̍h ê ūi-tì ûi ki-chhó͘ ê goân-im hô-hâi ê hiān-siōng chûn-chāi.\n\njî-chhiáⁿ liâm-tio̍k-gú ê te̍k-teng kèng-ka m̄ sī kan-ta Altai gú-hē chiah ū. Tī sè-kài kî-thaⁿ gú-hē tiong kóng-hoàn chûn-chāi chit-ê hiān-siōng: Au-chiu kap Pak-a ê Ural gú-hē, Ìn-tō͘ ê Dravidian gú-hē, kóng-hoàn hun-pō͘ tī A-chiu, Ò-chiu kap Hui-chiu ê Lâm-tó gú-hē téng-téng lóng sī í liâm-tio̍k-gú ûi chú-thé ê gú-hē. Kīn-lîn Altai gú-hē ê Chōng-Bián gú-cho̍k iā-sī í liâm-tio̍k-gú kap thè-hòa ê liâm-tio̍k-gú kò͘-sêng ê gú-cho̍k.\n\nTē-jī-lūi koan-tiám jīn-ûi Ji̍t-pún--Liû-kiû gú-hē kap Tiâu-sián-gú kiōng-tông sio̍k-û chi̍t ê sin ê gú-hē. Ū chit-chióng koan-tiám ê ha̍k-chiá jīn-ûi Ji̍t-gú ê bûn-hoat hām Tiâu-sián-gú ê bûn-hoat lóng sī SOV sūn-sī (kî-thaⁿ Altai gú-giân mā sī án-ni), jî-chhiáⁿ lióng-chiá le̍k-sú siōng iū kiōng-tông siū-tio̍h Kó͘-hàn-gú ê kiông-lia̍t éng-hióng. Só͘-í ū ha̍k-chiá jīn-ûi Ji̍t-pún--Liû-kiû gú-hē kap Tiâu-sián-gú sī Altai gú-hē kap Sino-Tibetan gú-hē hūn-ha̍p ê sin-gú-hē. Tān-sī Ji̍t-pún--Liû-kiû gú-hē kap Tiâu-sián-gú chi-kan kâng-khoán khoeh-chió tông-goân-sû. Che mā sī piàn-sêng hoán-tùi-chiá ū-la̍t ê chèng-kù.\n\nTē 3 lūi koan-tiám jīn-ûi Ji̍t-pún--Liû-kiû gú-hē kap Tiâu-sián-gú kāng-khoán, kè sī ko͘-li̍p gú-giân, in kap bo̍k-chêng sè-kài siōng lán í-keng ū jīn-sek ê gú-giân lóng-bô koan-liân. Chiah-ê ha̍k-chiá ēng 'tông-goân-sû būn-tôe' lâi chi-chhî in ê koan-tiám.\n\nTē 4 lūi koan-tiám jīn-ûi Ji̍t-pún--Liû-kiû gu-hē eng-tong kui-sio̍k Hàn-Chōng gí-hē Chōng-Bián gú-cho̍k, chú-iàu í Nishida Tatsuo ûi tāi-piáu ê chi̍t-kóa ha̍k-chiá, jīn-ûi Ji̍t-gú ê gú-sī hām Bián-tiān-gú téng choa̍t-tāi-to-sò͘ Chōng-Bián gú (tû Karen-gú hām Bai-gú í-gōa, che nn̄g chióng gú-giân hun-pia̍t siū-tio̍h SVO ê Thài-gú kap Hàn-gú éng-hióng, mā piàn-sêng SVO gú-sī) sio-kāng, jî-chhiáⁿ Ji̍t-gú kò͘-iú-jī-lūi tiong iā ū hām Bián-tiān-gú í-ki̍p Tiong-kok lâm-pō͘ hong-giân chiap-kūn ê jī-lūi, sīm-chì tī im-ūn siōng iā ū bōe-chió sio-siâng ê só͘-chāi, in-chhú chú-tiuⁿ Ji̍t-gú èng-kai sio̍k-û Chōng-Bián gú-cho̍k. Chóng-sī, hoán-tùi ê lâng jīn-ûi, Ji̍t-pún kap Chōng-Bián bîn-cho̍k chi-kan lō͘-tô͘ hn̄g-hn̄g, tiong-kan koh ū Lâm-tó gú-hē kap Tungus bîn-cho̍k ê tōe-khu, in-chhú chit-ê koan-tiám bô tit--tio̍h tiōng-sī. Tān-sī koh ū ha̍k-chiá thê-chhut èng-tong í bîn-cho̍k î-bîn ê le̍k-sú lâi khòaⁿ-thāi chit-ê ká-soat. In kóng: sui-jiân hiān-chú-sî ê bîn-cho̍k hun-pò͘ khòaⁿ-khí-lâi Ji̍t-pún kap Chōng-Bián bîn-cho̍k chi-kan chin hn̄g, tān-sī tī Siong-Chiu sî-kî, chi̍t-kóa Chōng-Bián gú-cho̍k, lâm-chi kó͘-a-chiu-cho̍k (shimada) kap Lâm-tó gú-cho̍k hūn-ha̍p, pēng-chhiáⁿ tī Hàn-Chōng (Chiu) bîn-cho̍k kiông-tāi ê ap-le̍k hā hâng-hái pak-siōng he̍k-chiá lâm-hā keng-kè Tiâu-sián poàn-tó chìn-ji̍p Kiú-chiu-tó tēng-ku. Hit-tong-sî, Tungus-cho̍k (Altai gú-hē) iáu-bōe tī Bông-kó͘ ko-goân kap Pak-chi kó͘-a-chiu-cho̍k (taⁿ ê Chukotko kap Tiâu-sián-cho̍k pak-pō͘ ê goân-sí bîn-cho̍k) kèng-cheng, chit-chióng kóng-hoat iā put-chí-ū tō-lí.\n\nTû-liáu í-siōng 4 lūi koan-tiám í-gōa, koh ū ha̍k-chiá jīn-ûi Ji̍t-pún--Liû-kiû gú-hē èng-tong sio̍k-û Lâm-tó gú-hē, Ji̍t-pún--Liû-kiû gú-hē hām Lâm-tó gú-hē tī kò͘-sû siōng ū sio-siâng ê só͘-chāi, soah kap Altai gú-hē lí-lūn kāng-khoán khoeh-chió tông-goân-sû ê chèng-kù.\n\nChòe-kūn ū lâng thê-chhut tī Altai gú-hē chi-hā kò͘-kiàn sin-gú-cho̍k (Hân-Ji̍t--Liû-kiû gú-cho̍k) pēng-chhiáⁿ chiong Tiâu-sián-gú, Liû-kiû-gú í-ki̍p Ji̍t-gú lóng kui-ji̍p chit-ê gú-cho̍k chi-lāi. Chit-ê koan-tiám bêng-hián sī tē 1 lūi kap tē 2 lūi ê hūn-ha̍p koan-tiám, tān-sī i iû-goân ài bīn-tùi 'tông-goân-sû būn-tôe'.\n\nChham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n### Ín-iōng\n\n1. ↑ \"While 'Altaic' is repeated in encyclopedias and handbooks most specialists in these languages no longer believe that the three traditional supposed Altaic groups, Turkic, Mongolian and Tungusic, are related.\" Lyle Campbell & Mauricio J. Mixco, A Glossary of Historical Linguistics (2007, University of Utah Press), pg. 7.\n2. ↑ \"When cognates proved not to be valid, Altaic was abandoned, and the received view now is that Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic are unrelated.\" Johanna Nichols, Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time (1992, Chicago), pg. 4.\n3. ↑ \"Careful examination indicates that the established families, Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic, form a linguistic area (called Altaic)...Sufficient criteria have not been given that would justify talking of a genetic relationship here.\" R.M.W. Dixon, The Rise and Fall of Languages (1997, Cambridge), pg. 32.\n4. ↑ \"...[T]his selection of features does not provide good evidence for common descent\" and \"we can observe convergence rather than divergence between Turkic and Mongolic languages--a pattern than is easily explainable by borrowing and diffusion rather than common descent\", Asya Pereltsvaig, Languages of the World, An Introduction (2012, Cambridge) has a good discussion of the Altaic hypothesis (pp. 211-216).\n5. ↑ Georg *et al.* 1999: 73–74\n6. ↑ Stefan Georg, Peter A. Michalove, Alexis Manaster Ramer, and Paul J. Sidwell (1999): \"Telling general linguists about Altaic\". *Journal of Linguistics*, volume 35, issue 1, pages 65–98.\n7. ↑ \"Han-Tibetan, Altaic Languages \"Close Relatives\"\". *german.china.org.cn*. 2020-02-15 khòaⁿ--ê.\n8. ↑ \"While 'Altaic' is repeated in encyclopedias and handbooks most specialists in these languages no longer believe that the three traditional supposed Altaic groups, Turkic, Mongolian and Tungusic, are related.\" Lyle Campbell & Mauricio J. Mixco, A Glossary of Historical Linguistics (2007, University of Utah Press), pg. 7.\n9. ↑ \"Careful examination indicates that the established families, Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic, form a linguistic area (called Altaic)...Sufficient criteria have not been given that would justify talking of a genetic relationship here.\" R.M.W. Dixon, The Rise and Fall of Languages (1997, Cambridge), pg. 32.\n10. ↑ \"When cognates proved not to be valid, Altaic was abandoned, and the received view now is that Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic are unrelated.\" Johanna Nichols, Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time (1992, Chicago), pg. 4.\n11. ↑ \"...[T]his selection of features does not provide good evidence for common descent\" and \"we can observe convergence rather than divergence between Turkic and Mongolic languages--a pattern than is easily explainable by borrowing and diffusion rather than common descent\", Asya Pereltsvaig, Languages of the World, An Introduction (2012, Cambridge) has a good discussion of the Altaic hypothesis (pp. 211-216).\n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | \n* LCCN: sh85003868\n* GND: 4120111-5\n* SUDOC: 027989534\n* BNF: cb119915459 (data)\n* NDL: 00560365\n* NKC: ph118359\n* BNE: XX546093\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Altai gú-hē","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[6113,16263,0.375883908258009],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":18968}} -{"text":" \n***Koyaanisqatsi: Life out of balance*** (*Koyaanisqatsi: Sit-tiâu ê seng-oa̍h*, 1983) sī Godfrey Reggio kàm-tok ê 1 chhut kì-lo̍k-phìⁿ. Phìⁿ thàu-kòe pàng-bān, ká-kín ê iáⁿ-siōng piáu-hiān chhut kok-chióng chū-jiân kap jîn-chō ê hiān-siōng, chhin-chhiūⁿ soaⁿ-khut lāi ê piah-oē, tāi-chū-jiân ê hái-éng, hûn, kau-thong ê chó·-ha̍p, chà-toâⁿ po̍k-chà, tōa-to·-chhī ê bīn-chhiuⁿ, téng-téng. Bē-su teh kó·-lē lâng pí-phēng, liân-sióng \"chū-jiân\" kap \"jîn-chō\" chi-kan ê koan-hē.\n\nChit phìⁿ kui chhut bô kóng oē, kan-taⁿ phòe-ga̍k tang-tiong ū lâng têng-ho̍k liām 1 kù *koyaanisqatsi* kap kî-thaⁿ kúi-kù-á oē. \"Koyaanisqatsi\" sī Hopi-gí, ì-sù kóng \"pāi-tek, loān-chhī-chhā ê seng-oa̍h\", \"sit-tiâu ê seng-oa̍h\". Chhut-bóe ū phah Hopi chhàm-gí ê Eng-bûn hoan-e̍k. Im-ga̍k sī Philip Glass choan-kang ūi phìⁿ tēng-chok ê chok-phín.\n\nKui chhut 87 hun-cheng. Chè-chok ê sî-kan ū 6-tang kú, kî-tiong 3 tang teh phah-phìⁿ, 3 tang teh phòe ga̍k. Kin-kù in ê kóng-hoat, Reggio hām Glass 2 lâng hō·-siong éng-hióng: Glass kiàn-nā oân-sêng 1 pha, Reggio ē tńg khì siu-chián i ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ hō· in ē-tit-thang koh khah sù-phòe; liáu-āu Glass iū-koh tńg khì chhiâu i ê chhòng-chok, án-ne teh chìn-hêng.\n\nŪ kúi-nā-chhut phìⁿ chiap-sòa *Koyaanisqatsi*: *Powaqqatsi* kap *Naqoyqatsi* 2 tōa chhut, kap 2 chhut té-phìⁿ hō-chò *Anima Mundi*, *Evidence*.\n\nGōa-pō· liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong chām","meta":{"title":"Koyaanisqatsi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[345,1639,0.21049420378279438],"infobox":["
    Koyaanisqatsi
    Kàm-tok\nGodfrey Reggio
    Chè-chok\nFrancis Ford Coppola
    Godfrey Reggio
    Kio̍k-chok-ka\nRon Fricke
    Michael Hoenig
    Godfrey Reggio
    Alton Walpole
    Phòe-ga̍k\nPhilip Glass
    Liap-iáⁿ-su\nRon Fricke
    Chián-chip\nRon Fricke
    Alton Walpole
    Chhut-phìⁿ\nNew Cinema
    kap Island Alive
    (Bí-kok)
    Chiūⁿ-èng\n1983 nî 11 goe̍h 11
    Phìⁿ-tn̂g\n87 hun-cheng
    Gí-giân\nEng-gí, Hopi-gí
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1553}} -{"text":"*\"Siōng-tè\" ê kî-tha ì-sù, khòaⁿ Siōng-tè (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h).*\nIt-sîn-kàu--ni̍h to̍k-it ê **Sîn**/**Siōng-tè**, sī bān-hāng-mi̍h lāi-tè siōng-koân ê chûn-chāi, sī tong-goân-chho· chhòng-chō--ê, tī bān-mi̍h téng-koân chò chú-cháiⁿ--ê, it-poaⁿ jīn-ûi I sī choân-lêng, choân-ti, tī ta̍k-só·-chāi lóng tī-leh, koh ū chiâu-chn̂g ê thiàⁿ--ê. Pí-lūn Iû-thài-kàu, Ki-tok-kàu, Islam kàu lóng ū chit-ê koan-liām. Nā Lô-má Thian-chú-kàu sī koàn-sì kóng **Thian-chú**, mā ū kā 2 chióng kóng-hoat kap-chò-hoé pìⁿ **Siōng-chú**--ê. Ū chi̍t-koá Islam-kàu ê ha̍k-chiá chú-tiuⁿ Siōng-tè ê miâ tiāⁿ-tio̍h ēng A-la-pek-gí keng-bûn ê iōng-sû, Allah, bē-ēng-tit hoan-e̍k.\n\nKok it-sîn-kàu ê sîn\n--------------------\n\nKî-tiong siōng-chú-iàu--ê phì-jû Iû-thài-kàu, Ki-tok-kàu kap Islam-kàu lāi-té, lóng jīn-ûi Siōng-tè chhòng-chō chit-ê sè-kài, koh thóng-tī kui-ê ú-tiū. In lóng jīn-ûi Siōng-tè ū ē-bīn chiah-ê sèng-chit:\n\n* Siōng-tè sī sèng--ê (bô choē--ê, bē siau-si̍h bē hú-pāi--ê)\n* Siōng-tè sī kong-gī--ê (pêⁿ-chiàⁿ--ê, gī--ê, I ê phoàⁿ-toàn mā lóng-sī tio̍h--ê)\n* Siōng-tè ū chiâu-chn̂g ê koân-lêng (I ê ì-hiòng tiāⁿ-tio̍h ē chiâⁿ)\n* Siōng-tè sī choân-lêng--ê (bô I chò-bē-kàu ê tāi-chì)\n* Siōng-tè sī choân-ti--ê (bô I m̄-chai ê tāi-chì)\n* Siōng-tè ū chiâu-chn̂g ê thiàⁿ\n* Siōng-tè tī ta̍k-só·-chāi lóng tī-leh\n* Siōng-tè sī tī bān-hāng-mi̍h chìn-chêng tō tī-leh--ê, I ti̍t-ti̍t tī-leh, koh éng-oán tī-leh.\n* Siōng-tè sī chhiau-thoat--ê (I tī khong-kan kap sî-kan í-goā, I bē hō· chit-sè-kan ê le̍k-liōng he̍k-sī kî-thaⁿ I só· chhòng-chō ê mi̍h lâi éng-hióng.\n\nIû-thài-kàu, Ki-tok-kaù kap Islam it-poaⁿ kā Siōng-tè khoàⁿ-chò sī ū ūi-keh--ê, I ū ì-hiòng mā ū kò-sèng, chóng--sī ū chin chē lí-sèng-chú-gī ê tiat-ha̍k-ka, in kám-kak che sī m̄-tio̍h--ê, in jīn-ûi tùi Siōng-tè jīn-hô chhin-chhiūⁿ lâng ê kóng-hoat, lóng kan-taⁿ sī phì-jū niā-tiāⁿ, in kóng Siōng-tè kah-sī chhiau-thoat--ê, tō bô-khó-lêng ū chhiūⁿ lâng ê kiâⁿ-choè.\n\nTī ki-tok-kàu (chú-iàu ê kàu-phài) ê koan-liām lāi-té, Siōng-tè ū 3-ê ūi-keh, hō-chò sam-ūi it-thé, m̄-koh bô-kâng ê kàu-phài, tùi Sèng-kiáⁿ ê ì-hiòng kap sèng-chit, iû-goân iáu ū cheng-gī.\n\nSiong-koan\n----------\n\n* Ki-tok-kàu ê Sîn\n\nLiân-kiat\n---------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***God*** |","meta":{"title":"Siōng-tè","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[723,2203,0.32818883340898775],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2630}} -{"text":"**Thoân-thóng im-ga̍k** kap **bîn-kan im-ga̍k** iah **bîn-iâu** ū chin chē têng-tha̍h ê só͘-chāi, tī ha̍k-su̍t kho͘-á iah chèng-sek ê to͘-ha̍p (pí-lūn im-ga̍k chióng), khah chia̍p sú-iōng \"thoân-thóng im-ga̍k\" ê kóng-hoat, nā tī chhin-chhiūⁿ khek-poâⁿ téng-téng hui-ha̍k-su̍t ê to͘-ha̍p, \"bîn-iâu\" tō khah chia̍p í 1 chióng khoah-ì ê hong-sek teh sú-iōng.\n\nTe̍k-sek\n--------\n\nLán nā chhú le̍k-sú-tek ê kak-tō͘, bîn-iâu ū ē-bīn chiah-ê te̍k-sek:\n\n* Thàu-koè khó͘-thoân ê thoân-thóng lâi thoân-pò͘.\n\nTī 20 sè-kí chìn-chêng, it-poaⁿ ê choh-chhân-lâng kap kang-lâng sī m̄-bat jī--ê, in tio̍h ua̍t-liām lâi o̍h koa-khek. Chāi-chá he m̄-sī ēng chheh, lio̍k-im iah hòng-sàng ê mûi-kài teh thoân-pò͘--ê, sui-jiân āu--lâi khai-sí ū bîn-iâu koa-chhiú lī-iōng ga̍k-phó͘, koa-pún iah khek-poâⁿ lâi cheng-ka in ê ián-chhiùⁿ ê khek-bo̍k, m̄-koh che lóng sī ùi í-chá khó͘-thoân só͘ kì-lio̍k ka-kang kap pian-khek ê sán-bu̍t.\n* Im-ga̍k pún-sin tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kap bîn-cho̍k bûn-hoà ū tī-tāi.\n\nBîn-iâu kap tia̍t-tēng khu-he̍k iah bûn-hoà kau-ki-liân, tài bûn-hoà ê te̍k-sek. Tī î-bîn ê tiong-kan, in ē thàu-koè ha̍k-si̍p in chó͘-kong-á chāi-chá ê koa-khek iah bú-tō lâi tián-hiān in ê bô-kâng kap te̍k-sek.\n* Kì-liām le̍k-sú sū-kiāⁿ kap jîn-bu̍t.\n\nTī nî-cheh-sî-á, pí-lūn Koè-nî, Chhit-niû-má-seⁿ, Tiong-chhiu, Gō͘-goe̍h-cheh, Koh-oa̍h-cheh, Iâ-so͘-seⁿ téng-téng, sù-siông ē ū saⁿ tùi-thīn ê koa-khek thang khèng-chiok. Nā hun-lé, seⁿ-ji̍t iah chòng-sek, mā kiám-chhái ē ū kò͘-tēng ê koa, bú-tō iah hong-sio̍k. Chong-kàu ê cheh-ji̍t sî-siông sī ū bîn-sio̍k im-ga̍k chham-chhap tī lāi-té--ê.\nChiah-ê im-ga̍k thàu-koè hui-bí-ha̍k ê te̍k-chit lâi ta̍t-sêng kám-chêng liân-hê kap jīn-tông ê lō͘-ēng.\n\n \n\nIn-ūi i ê goân-khí-thâu kap thoân-pò͘ ê chhiú-lō͘, bîn-iâu ū-sî-á mā ū ē-kha chiah-ê te̍k-sek:\n\n* Bô tù-chok-koân\n\n19 sè-kí kah taⁿ ū chē-chē lán chai chok-chiá ê koa-khek, chóng--sī in sī ùi khó͘-thoân ê thoân-thóng sán-seng--ê, iā tī im-ga̍k chhut-pán-siōng in hō͘ lâng tòng-chò \"thoân-thóng im-ga̍k\". Nā ùi 1970 nî-tāi khai-sí chit-ê chêng-hóng tō ná lâi ná chió--a, taⁿ ta̍k tè bîn-sio̍k im-ga̍k nā ū chè-chok lio̍k-im--ê mā ê ū pian-khek ê tù-chok koân-lī.\n* Bûn-hoà ê kau-chham hiông-ha̍p\n\nLâng ê chhut-sin huān-sè bô to̍k-to̍k 1 ê lâi-goân, tùi pē-hē kap bú-hē bô-siâng ê lâng, im-ga̍k mā ē thàu-lām bô-kâng ê éng-hióng. Chit-ê kái-pian ê chéng-hêng pau-koat ga̍k-khì, pian-khek, lām-chham téng-téng.\n* Hui-siong-gia̍p\n\nŪi-tio̍h bûn-hoà jīn-tông só͘ chò ê im-ga̍k ián-chàu / ián-chhiùⁿ tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī bô tui-kiû lī-sûn ê tōng-ki--ê, chit chióng bô kim-chîⁿ pò-siúⁿ ê bîn-iâu iah bîn-sio̍k im-ga̍k piáu-ián tī éng-koè koh khah phó͘-phiàn.","meta":{"title":"Thoân-thóng im-ga̍k","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[214,2588,0.08268933539412673],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3014}} -{"text":"\n***Angel Beats!*** (Ji̍t-gí：**エンジェルビーツ**), mā chin chia̍p kán-lio̍k chò **AB!** ia̍h-sī **AB**. I sī 1 pō 13 chi̍p--ê Ji̍t-pún tōng-oē, iû Key kap Aniplex chè-chok. Chit pō tōng-oē tī 2010 nî 4 gue̍h 2 hō kàu 6 gueh 25 hō thâu-chit-kái pò͘-chhut.\n\nKio̍k-chêng\n-----------\n\nKò͘-sù hoat-seng tī chi̍t-ê sí-āu--ê ko-tiong. Tī hia--ê ha̍k-seng ài o̍h khì pàng-soah in--ê khoàⁿ-bē-khui. In tī hia mā ē kám-kak thiàⁿ, mā kó-lêng ē sí, m̄-kó liâm-mi tio̍h ē hok-oa̍h. Kò͘-sù chi̍t-khai-sí sī chi̍t ê sit-khì kì-ek--ê siàu-liân-lâng Im-bû Kiat-hiân tú-tio̍h chi̍t-ê cha-bó͘ Tiōng-chhoan Iú-lih iau-chhiáⁿ i ka-ji̍p i chhòng-li̍p--ê Sí-āu Sè-kāi Chiàn-soāⁿ (死んだ世界戦線 Sinda Sekai Sensen, (SSS)), kap in kâng-chê tùi-khòng tùi in hiah-nī pháiⁿ--ê sîn. Iú-lih in lia̍h-chún ha̍k-seng-hoē-tiúⁿ Li̍p-hoâ Chàu sī sîn--ê sài-chiá (thiⁿ-sài), só͘-í SSS ài kā i phah-pāi chiah ē-sài kap sîn tùi-khòng. Khò͘-sū tioh tùi Im-bû ka-ji̍p SSS āu khai-sí.\n\nJîn-bu̍t kài-siāu\n-----------------\n\n### Chú-iāu Kak-sek\n\nIm-bû Kiat-hiân (音無結弦 (おとなし　ゆずる) Otonasi Yuzuru)\nLâm-chú-kak. Kò͘-sū khai-sí tong-sî sit-khì kì-ek. I chāi-seⁿ sî tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ chiàu-kò͘ in phoah-pēⁿ--ê sió-moē Im-bû Chho͘-im, tī i koè-sin āu koat-tēng chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t ê i-seⁿ. M̄-koh tī khì chham-ka liân-khó--ê sî, chē--ê hoé-chhia chhut ì-goā sí--khì.\nTiōng-chhoan Iú-lih (仲村 (なかむら)ゆり Nakamura Yuri)\nMā hō-lâng hō-chò Yurippe（ゆりっぺ）, sī SSS--ê thâu-lâng.\nThiⁿ-sài (天使 (てんし) Tensi) / Li̍p-hoâ Chàu (立華 (たちばな)かなで Tatibana Kanade)\nChàu tī sí-āu sè-kài ha̍k-hāu--ê ha̍k-seng-hoē hoē-tiúⁿ.\n### SSS sêng-oân\n\nJi̍t-hiòng Siù-sū (日向秀樹 (ひなた　ひでき) Hinata Hideki)\nJi̍t-hiòng sī chi̍t-ê khai-lóng koh ē-kau-tiāng (-交仗)--ê cha-po͘, iā koh sī Im-bû siōng hó--ê pêng-iú. I tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kap Ûi sio-phah, tān-sī sim-koaⁿ lāi iā sī chiok koan-sim i. Ji̍t-hiòng kap Ûi kóng i ē soán-tek chhoā--i, bô-lūn Ûi chìn-chêng hoat-seng koè siá-mih tāi-chì.\nTi̍t-chéⁿ Bûn-jîn (直井文人 (なおい　あやと) Naoi Ayato)\nTi̍t-chéⁿ tú-khai-sí hō͘ tòng-chò sī NPC, āu-lâi chèng-si̍t i sī jîn-lūi. I sī sí-āu-sè-kài--ê hù ha̍k-seng-hoē-tiúⁿ.\nKo-siông (高松 (たかまつ) Takamatu)\nIá-tiân (野田 (のだ) Noda)\nChuí-bêng Ki-lí (椎名枝理 (しいな　えり) Siina Eri)\nChúi-bêng sī chi̍t-ê cha-bó͘ jín-chiá, ná-chhin-chhiúⁿ sī ùi kó-chá lâi--ê.\nIû-chò (遊佐 (ゆさ) Yusa)\nTK\nSiông-hā (松下 (まつした) Matusita)\nToā-soaⁿ (大山 (おおやま) Ôyama)\nTek-soaⁿ (竹山 (たけやま) Takeyama)\nTyâ (チャー)\n### Girl Dead Monster\n\nGoâm-te̍k Ngá-bí (岩沢 (いわあわ)まさみ Iwasawa Masami)\nGoâm-te̍k sī Girl Dead Monster siōng-chá--ê chú-chhiùⁿ (主唱). I ka-kī mā siá koa-sû.\nUî (ユイ Yui)\nI chi̍t-khai-sí sī ga̍k-thoân--ê chō͘-lí, tī Goâm-te̍k lī-khui liáu-āu chiâ-chò chú-chhiúⁿ.\nKiú-chú (ひさ子 (ひさこ) Hisako)\nKiú-chú hū-chek toâⁿ gì-tah. I kò-sèng a-sá-lih (あっさり), koh kah-ì phah moâ-chhiok. I kap Goâm-te̍k sêng-li̍p Girl Dead Monster.\nJi̍p-kang Bí-soat (入江 (いりえ) みゆき Irie Miyuki)\nKuan-kin Si-chit (関根 (せきね) しおり Sekine Siori)\n\nKi-thaⁿ Mûi-thé\n---------------\n\n### Bāng-lō͘ Tiān-tâi\n\nTī 2009 nî 5 ge̍h 30 li̍t kàu 2010 nî 3 ge̍h 31 ji̍t kî-kan lóng-chóng ū 4 ê bāng-lō͘-tiān-tâi ê chiat-bo̍k lio̍k-sio̍k tī < Moâ-ki Chún ê sat-hoa̍h RADIO> ( 麻枝准の殺伐ラジオ) chìn-hêng soan-thoân. Chit-ê pîn-tō ê chú-chhî-jîn tio̍h-sī Moâ-ki Chún pún-lâng, jî-chhiáⁿ mā ē iau chhiáⁿ-tio̍h hó-pí kóng Tiân-tiong Hông-khí kap NaGa téng < AngelBeats !> ê chè-chò-chiá chiap-siū hóng-mn̄g. \n\n### Sió-soat\n\nMoâ-ki Chún lóng chóng-thui-chhut ah 7-oē hō-miâ-chò < AngelBeats !Track ZERO > ê té-phiⁿ sió-soat, kî-tiong kò͘-sū tô͘-phìⁿ soat-bêng ê pō͘-hūn sī iû GotoP ( ご-と-P) hoē-chè.\n\n### Bàng-gah\n\nSì-kek-liân-khoân-ang-á-tô͘ < AngelBeats !goán ê chiàn-soàⁿ chìn-hêng-khiok-♪> ( Angel Beats! The4コマ 僕らの戦線行進曲♪) tī 2009 nî 12 goe̍h hō kàu 2013 nî 11 ge̍h hō, tī ASCIIMediaWorks hoat-hêng ê < Tiān-kek G's magazine > le hoat-piáu.\nLēng-goā Chhián-kiàn Pek-ha̍p-chú mā hoē-chè ah liân-khoân-ang-á-tô͘ < AngelBeats!Heaven's Door> , pēng tī 2010- nî 5 ge̍h hō kàu 2014 nî 5 ge̍h hō sî tī khan-chài tī < Tiān-kek G's magazine > siāng , liáu-āu tī 2014 nî 6 ge̍h hō khai-sí khan-chài tī < Tiān-kek Comic > cha̍p-chì.","meta":{"title":"Angel Beats!","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,3800,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4664}} -{"text":"\n\n**Siōng Îⁿ**| \n\n| |\n| --- |\n| |\n\n |\n| Hàn-jī | 尚 圓 |\n| Kana | ショー イン |\n| Lô-má-jī | Shō In |\n\n**Siōng Oân** (尚 圓, ショーイン; 1415 nî~1476 nî) sī Liû-kiû-kok tē-7 tāi kok-ông, kah Tē-jī Siōng--sī (第二尚氏) ê kiàn-kok tāi kun-ông; 1469 kàu 1476 nî-kan chāi-ūi.\n\nSiōng Oân teng-ki chìn-chêng, goân-miâ **Kim-hoân** (金丸), jú-miâ **Su-tek-kim** (思德金)\n\nI ê sîn-miâ sī **Kim-hoân Àn-si Thiⁿ-boa̍t-sio̍k chi Ông-jîn-chú** (金丸按司添末續之王仁子).\n\nSeng-pêng\n---------\n\n1434 nî, Siōng Oân ê pē-bú kòe-sin, i hām sió-tī Siōng Soan-ui (尚宣威) tàu-tīn siⁿ-oa̍h.\n\n1438 nî, Siōng Oân hām in bó͘ kah in sió-tī chò-hóe cháu-lō͘, lâi kàu Kok-thâu (國頭).\n\n1441 nî, 27 hòe ê Siōng Oân chi̍t-ke-hoé keng-kè Kiú-chì (久志) téng só͘-chāi, chòe-āu lâi kàu kiaⁿ-siâⁿ Siú-lí(首里), tâu-khò Siōng Thài-kiú (尚泰久) ông-chú. Siōng Thài-kiú āu-lâi kā i chhui-chiàn hō kok-ông Siōng Su-ta̍t (尚思達), siū hong \"Ka-lâi-chhek-thâu\" (家來赤頭). 1452 nî, Siōng Îⁿ sêng-ûi ko-kip koaⁿ-oân.\n\n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\n Liû-kiû Kok-ông |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Sùn-thian Ông-tiâu | Sùn-thian · Sùn-má-sūn-hi · Gī-pún |\n| |\n| Eng-chó͘ Ông-tiâu | Eng-chó͘ · Tāi-sêng · Eng-chû · Gio̍k-sêng · Se-ui |\n| |\n| San-san Sî-tāi | \n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| **Tiong-san Ông-kok** | Chhat-tō͘ · Bú-lêng |\n| |\n| **Lâm-san Ông-kok** | Sêng-chhat-tō͘ · Ang-eng-chí · Ang-eng-chó͘ · Thaⁿ-ló͘-muí |\n| |\n| **Pak-san Ông-kok** | Pà-nî-chi · Bîn · Phan-an-ti |\n\n |\n| |\n| Tē-it Siōng--sī | Siōng Su-siāu · Siōng Pa-chì · Siōng Tiong · Siōng Su-ta̍t · Siōng Kim-hok · Siōng Thài-kiú · Siōng Tek |\n| |\n| Tē-jī Siōng--sī | Siōng Oân · Siōng Soan-ui · Siōng Chin · Siōng Chheng · Siōng Goân · Siōng Éng · Siōng Lêng · Siōng Hong · Siōng Hiân · Siōng Chit · Siōng Cheng · Siōng Ek · Siōng Kèng · Siōng Bo̍k · Siōng Un · Siōng Sêng · Siōng Hō · Siōng Io̍k · Siōng Thài |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Siōng Oân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[780,1587,0.4914933837429111],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2271}} -{"text":"**Hái-kiap-lióng-hōaⁿ**, sī chham Tiong-kok ū khan-liân ê tē-lí-chèng-tī khài-liām, hái-kiap to̍h sī Tâi-ôan Hái-kiap, \"lióng-hōaⁿ\" sī teh kóng Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k kah Tâi-ôan chit 2-ê só·-chāi. \n\nKong-gôan tē 20 sè-kí ê téng pòaⁿ sè-kí, Tiong-kok hoat-seng Kok-Kiōng lōe-chiàn, Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng chiàn-pāi liáu-āu, chèng-kôan ùi Tāi-lio̍k pôaⁿ-chhian kàu Tâi-ôan, kok-hō iu-gôan pó-liû chòe Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok. Ah Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng só· thóng-tī ê Tāi-lio̍k chèng-kôan, kok-hō khiok-sī Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok. Chhú-khì liáu-āu, 2-pêng tn̂g-kî hun-tī kah tùi-li̍p. Chham Hái-kiap-lióng-hōaⁿ chit-ê bêng-chheng lio̍h-á ū khan-sia̍p--ê, koh-ū Lióng-hōaⁿ-sam-tē, Tōa Tiong-Hôa Tē-khu chia-ê. Sam-tē (saⁿ-tē) pau-koah Tāi-lio̍k, Tâi-ôan kah Káng-Ò tē-khu. \n\nHái-kiap-lióng-hōaⁿ tī 1992 nî chìn-chêng, lóng-chóng hōng-hêng chi̍t-ê Tiong-kok ê cheng-chhek. Āu--lâi, Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k chèng-kôan tī Tâi-ôan tó-tàⁿ liáu-āu, Tâi-to̍k ê sè-le̍k lú lâi lú tōa, kàu-kah Lí Teng-hui hōaⁿ-chhiú-thâu ê sî-tāi, Tâi-to̍k ūn-tōng chhut-hiān ko-tiau. Chhêng hit-chūn khai-sí, Lióng-hōaⁿ to̍h put-sî ūi-tio̍h \"chi̍t-ê Tiong-kok ê būn-tê\" kah \"Tâi-to̍k ê būn-tôe\" teh sio-kàn-kiāu. \n\nTâi-oân pún-thó·-phài jīn-ûi \"hái-kiap-lióng-hōaⁿ\" mā ē-sái chí Bashi Hái-kiap nn̄g-pêng ê kok-ka, chiū sī Tâi-oân kap Hui-li̍p-pin.\n\nChham-khòaⁿ\n-----------\n\n* Hái-kiap Lióng-hōaⁿ Koan-hē Hia̍p-hōe(kán-chheng \"Hái-hia̍p-hōe\", Tāi-lio̍k)\n* Hái-kiap Kau-liû ki-kim-hōe (kán-chheng \"Hái-ki-hōe\" Tâi-ôan)\n* 92 Kiōng-sek (it-Tiong kok-piáu)\n* Tâi-ôan būn-tê","meta":{"title":"Lióng-hoāⁿ (Tâi-oân Hái-kiap)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[191,1527,0.12508185985592665],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1741}} -{"text":"Se-guân 917 nî, Ngó͘-tāi Si̍p-kok ê tsîng-hîng.\n**Bân** (hàn-jī: **閩**; 909 nî - 945 nî) sī Tiong-kok Ngóo-tāi Si̍p-kok (五代十國) sî-tāi ê chi̍t ê kok-ka, i tong-sî ê chìng-sik kok-hō sī **Tāi-bân** (**大閩**), sio̍k-î Si̍p-kok(十國). Bân ê kok-thó͘ tāi-iok sī tī kin-á-ji̍t ê Hok-kiàn, siú-to͘ tī Hok-chiu. Chū se-goân 909 nî Ông Sím-ti (王審知) khai-kok it-ti̍t kàu 945 nî Ông Iân-chèng (王延政) tâu-hâng Lâm-tông(南唐) bia̍t-bông uî-chí, Bân chîng-āu ū 6 uī kun-ông, kok-ka î-chhî lóng-chóng 37 nî.\n\nLi̍k-sú\n-------\n\nTông-chiau-chong(唐昭宗) Kíng-hok(景福) 2 nî, 893 nî, Ông Sím-tiâu(王審潮), Ông Sím-khui(王審邽), Ông Sím-ti saⁿ hiaⁿ-tī kong-chiàm Hok-chiu, āu-lâi chiām-chiām khòng-chè kui-ê Hok-kiàn. Tông-tiâu(唐朝) chèng-hú hō͘ Ông Sím-tiô Hok-kiàn Koan-chhat-sú(觀察使) ê koaⁿ-uī lâi thóng-tī Hok-kiàn, koè bô-guā-kú koh sing-chò Ui-bú-kun(威武軍) Chiat-tō͘-sú(節度使). Khiân-lîng(乾寧) 4 nî, 898 nî, Ông Sím-tiô koè-sin, kā chiat-tō͘-sú ê uī thoân hō͘ sió-tī Ông Sím-ti.\n\nĀu-liông(後梁) Khai-pîng(開平) 3 nî, 909 nî, Ông Sím-ti hōo Ā-liông Thài-chó͘(後梁太祖) hong tsò \"Bân-ông\"(閩王), chìng-sik khai-kok.\n\n925 nî, Ông Sím-ti koè-sin, biō-hō \"Bân-thài-chó͘\"(閩太祖). Toā-kiáⁿ Ông Iân-hān(王延翰) ting-ki(登基), m̄-koh tē 2 tang tō khì hō͘ poān-loān ê sió-tī Ông Iân-kun(王延鈞) kap Ông Iân-lún(王延禀) thâi-thâu, sè-hō(諡號) \"Bân-sū-ông\"(閩嗣王).\n\nLi̍k-tāi tè-ông\n---------------\n\nSiông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Bân-kok hông-sek\n\n| Sènn-miâ | Biō-hō | Sè-hō | Tiong-kiong | Nî-hō |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Ông Sím-tiâu(王審潮) | - | Kóng-bú(廣武) | - | - |\n| Ông Sím-ti(王審知) | Thài-chó͘(太祖) | Chiau Bú Hàu-hông-tè(昭武孝皇帝) | Hông-hiō Jîm--sī(皇后任氏) | Khai-pîng(開平) 909 nî ~ 911 nîKan-hoà(乾化) 911 nî ~ 915 nîChing-bîn(貞明) 915 nî ~ 921 nîLiông-tik(龍德) 921 nî ~ 923 nîTông-kong(同光) 923 nî ~ 925 nî |\n| Ông Iân-hān(王延翰) | - | Sū-ông(嗣王) | Hu-jîn Chhui--sī(夫人崔氏) | Tông-kong(同光) 925 nîThian-sîng(天成) 926 nî |\n| Ông Iân-kun(王延鈞) | Huī-tsong(惠宗) | Chê Siok Bîn Hàu-hông-tè(齊肅明孝皇帝) | Huì-hiō Kim--sī(廢后金氏)Hông-hiō Tân--sī(皇后陳氏) | Thian-sîng(天成) 926 nî ~ 930 nîTn̂g-hing(長興) 930 nî~933 nîLiông-khé(龍啓) 933 nî~934 nîÍng-hô(永和) 935 nî |\n| Ông Kè-phêng(王繼鵬) | Khong-chong(康宗) | Sìng-sîn Ing-joē Bûn-bîng Kóng-bú Ìng-tō Tāi-hông Hàu-hông-tè(聖神英睿文明廣武應道大弘孝皇帝) | Hông-hiō Lí--sī(皇后李氏) | Íng-hô(永和) 935 nî ~ 936 nîThong-bûn(通文) 936 nî~939 nî |\n| Ông Iân-hi(王延曦) | Kéng-chong(景宗) | (睿文廣武明聖元徳大孝皇帝) | Hông-hiō Lí--sī(皇后李氏) | Íng-liông(永隆) 939 nî~943 nî |\n| Ông Iân-chèng(王延政) | - | Kiong-ì(恭懿) | Hông-hiō Tiuⁿ--sī(皇后張氏) | Thian-tek(天德) 943 nî ~ 945 nî |\n\nChham-khó chu-liāu\n------------------\n\n* Sin Ngó͘-tāi-sú\n* Kū Ngó͘-tāi-sú\n* Si̍p-kok Chhun-Chhiu\n* Chu-tī-thong-kàm\n\n| | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nNgó͘-tāi Si̍p-kok |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Ngó͘-tāi | Hiō Liông · Hiō Tông · Hiō Chìn · Hiō Hàn · Hiō Chiu |\n| |\n| Si̍p-kok | Chiân Sio̍k · Hiō Sio̍k · Lâm Tông · Ngô͘ · Ngô͘-oa̍t · Bân · Chhó͘ · Lâm Hàn · Keng-lâm · Pak Hàn |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Tāi Bân","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1325,2684,0.4936661698956781],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":3362}} -{"text":"Immune checkpoints in the tumour microenvironment\nImmune checkpoints of immunosuppressive actions associated with breast cancer\n**Bián-i̍k kiám-tsa-tiám** (immune checkpoint) sī bián-i̍k hē-thóng ê tiâu-tsiat-khì. Tsia--ê tôo-kìng tuì tsū-ngóo nāi-siū tsì-kuan tiōng-iàu, ē-sái hông-tsí bián-i̍k hē-thóng bô-ka khu-pia̍t teh kong-kik sè-pau. M̄-kū, ū tsi̍t-kuá-á tsíng-liû ē-tàng thong-kuè tshì-kik bián-i̍k kiám-tsa-tiám tsit-ê bo̍k-piau lai pó-hōo ka-kī bián-siū kong-kik..\n\nAp-tsè sìng kiám-tsa-tiám hun-tsú in-uī i teh tsiânn-tsē tsióng gâm-tsìng tang-tiong ê ìng-iōng tsiâm-li̍k in-tshú tsiânn-tsò gâm-tsìng bián-i̍k liâu-huat ê piau-pà. Bo̍k-tsiân phue-tsún ê kiám-tsa-tiám ap-tsè-tse ē-tàng tsóo-tn̄g CTLA4, PD-1 kah PD-L1. Pîng-tsiā siong-kuan khoh-ak ê huat-hiān, James P. Allison [en] hām Tasuku Honjo [en] îng-hi̍k 2018-nî sing-bu̍t tsè-io̍h kho-ha̍k Tông tsióng [en] kah Nobel sing-li tsióng hi̍k-tsiá i-ha̍k tsióng.\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hiàn\n------------------\n\n1. ↑ Pardoll DM (March 2012). \"The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy\". *Nature Reviews. Cancer*. **12** (4): 252–264. doi:10.1038/nrc3239. PMC 4856023 Freely accessible. PMID 22437870.\n2. ↑ \"2014 Tang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science\". goân-loē-iông tī 2017-10-20 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-06-18 khòaⁿ--ê.\n3. ↑ Devlin H (2018-10-01). \"James P Allison and Tasuku Honjo win Nobel prize for medicine\". *the Guardian*. 2018-10-01 khòaⁿ--ê.\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* CTLA4\n* PD-1\n* PD-L1\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Checkpoint Receptor Assays\n* Immune Checkpoint Proteins\n* Immune checkpoint inhibitors: use them early, combined and instead of\n* Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors\n* Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Their Side Effects\n* 【2018諾貝爾生醫獎】癌症免疫療法新突破","meta":{"title":"Bián-e̍k kiám-cha-tiám","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[612,1568,0.3903061224489796],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1881}} -{"text":"Liân Hêng.\nLiân Hêng (連橫; 1878–1936) sī Tâi-oân ê le̍k-sú ha̍k-chiá, Tâi-gí ha̍k-chiá, chok-ka kah si-jîn. Liân Hêng kā i ê it-seng lóng hōng-hiàn hō͘ gián-kiù, chhòng-chō kah thui-kóng Tâi-oân bûn-hòa; i ê le̍k-sú gián-kiù kah si-koa chok-phín lāi-té ū chin siông-sè ê kì-chài. I siōng ū miâ-siaⁿ ê chok-phín sī Tâi-oân Thong-sú (臺灣通史), chin chē lâng jīn-ûi che sī tē-it pún iû Tâi-oân-lâng ka-kī só͘ siá ê le̍k-sú-chheh. Tû-liáu Tâi-oân Thong-sú í-gōa, Liân Hêng ê tù-chok iáu-ū Tâi-oân-gí tián (臺灣語典), Tâi-oân si-sēng (臺灣詩乘) kah Kiàm-hoa-sek si-chi̍p (劍花室詩集).\n\nSí-bông kah Phêng-kè\n--------------------\n\nOân-sêng Tâi-oân Thong-sú liáu-āu, Liân Hêng kè-sio̍k thàu-kòe chèng-tī oa̍h-tāng, si-koa kah sin-bûn lâi kó͘-lē kah chhui-tōng Tâi-oân bîn-cho̍k chú-gī (臺灣民族主義). 1936 nî, Liân Hêng kòe-sin, 58 hòe.\n\nLiân Hêng ê si-koa kah le̍k-sú chok-phín khé-hoat tio̍h āu-tāi Tâi-oân-lâng tī bûn-hòa, cheng-sîn sīm-chì chèng-tī ê Tâi-oân chú-thé (臺灣主體) su-sióng.\n\nPī-chù\n------\n\n1. ↑ (Eng-gí) Goddard, The Makers of Taiwan,pg.158\n2. ↑ (Eng-gí) Wu,Lien Heng: Taiwan's Search for Identity and Tradition,pg.29","meta":{"title":"Liân Hêng","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[109,1056,0.10321969696969698],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1254}} -{"text":"\n**Tāi tiâu-sián tsù-tsat bí-kok washington kong-sài [en] kuán [en]** (hân-gú: 대조선 주차 미국 화성돈 공사관 (大朝鮮駐箚美國華盛頓公使館); ing-gú: Old Korean Legation Museum; **Kū tiâu-sián sài-kuán phok-bu̍t-kuán**) sī tsi̍t-tsō li̍k-sú iu-kiú ê kòo-ki phok-bu̍t-kuán [en], khiā-tī Bí-kok Washington, D.C. Logan înn-khuân ke-khu 15 Logan Circle NW (mā lia̍t-tsò 1500 13th Street NW). Tī 1877-nî khí-hó, sī kun-kuann hām tsìng-tī-ka Seth Ledyard Phelps ê tsū-sóo, sî-kan uì 1889-nî kàu 1905-nî, teh Ji̍t-pún khòng-tsè hân-kok tsìng-hú ê sî-tsūn, tsit-king tshù pat-sī tiâu-sián ông-kok hām tāi-hân tè-kok ê tāi-sài-kuán. Tsit-ê kiàn-tio̍k tī 1910-nî iōng 10bí-guân ê kè-siàu bē tshut-khì, āu--lâi iōng-tsō hui-è bí-kok lâng ê gû-lo̍k tiong-sim, kang-huē tuā-thiann kah su-jîn tsū-the̍h.\n\nTuì tsiânn-tsē hân-kok lâng lâi kóng, tsit tsōkiàn-tio̍k the̍h-tshínn tio̍h Ji̍t-pún kiông-hîng tsiap-kuán in ê kok-ka hām hân-kok sòng-sit tsú-kuân.King-kuè hân-kok lâng sòo-si̍p nî ê pò-kè; tsit-ê bu̍t-gia̍p tī 2012-nî iû i-ê tn̂g-kî sóo-iú-tsiá tshut-siū hōo hân-kok tsìng-hú [en] ê bûn-huà î-sán kuán-lí-thing [en] kah tāi hân bîn-kok bûn-huà î-sán kok-ka sìn-thok. King-kuè to-nî, khai beh sòo pah-bān bí-kim lai huan-siu liáu-āu, Tāi-hân tè-kok tsù bí-kok kong-sài kuán phok-bu̍t-kuán tī 2018-nî khai-hòng. Tsit tsō Victorian hong-keh ê phok-bu̍t-kuán siat-iú tôo-su-kuán, iàn-huē-thiann kah sió kong-hn̂g, sī Logan înn-khuân li̍k-sú ke-khu ê tiōng-iàu tsâi-sán kah tuā 14-ke li̍k-sú ke-khu.\n\nÊn-sin ua̍t-to̍k\n----------------\n\n* Lee, Yur-Bok (1983). *Establishment of a Korean legation in the United States, 1887 - 1890: A study of conflict between the Confucian world Order and modern international relations*. Illinois Papers in Asian Studies. **III**. University of Illinois.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* List of museums in Washington, D.C.\n* Koreans in Washington, D.C.\n* South Korea–United States relations\n* Kim-iông kau-e̍k sòe\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***15 Logan Circle NW*** |\n\n* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Tāi Tiâu-sián chù-chat Bí-kok Washington kong-sài koán","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[657,2143,0.3065795613625758],"infobox":["\n\n\n
    Tāi tiâu-sián tsù-tsat bí-kok washington kong-sài kuán
    (Kū tiâu-sián sài-kuán [en] phok-bu̍t-kuán)

    Tāi tiâu-sián tsù-tsat bí-kok washington kong-sài kuán tī 2022
    Chùn-kang 1877
    Só͘-chāi Bí-kok Washington, D.C.
    (NW 13th Street 1500),
    NW Logan Circle 15
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":2290}} -{"text":"**Ha̍p-sêng-sò͘** (合成數) he̍k-chiá **ha̍p-sò͘** (合數) sī tû-liáu 1 kap chū-sin í-goā, iáu-ū kî-thaⁿ io̍k-sò͘ chûn-chāi ê chèng-chéng-sò͘. Àn-chiàu tēng-gī, múi-chi̍t-ê tāi-î 1 ê chéng-sò͘, nā m̄-sī sò͘-sò͘, chiū sī ha̍p-sêng-sò͘. 0 kap 1 m̄-sī sò͘-sò͘, iā m̄-sī ha̍p-sêng-sò͘. Pí-lūn kóng, chéng-sò͘ 14 sī chi̍t ê ha̍p-sêng-sò͘, in-ūi 14 ē-sái pī hun-kái sêng 2×7.\n\nThâu 105 ê ha̍p-sêng-sò͘ sī: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 102, 104, 105, 106, 108, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 140.\n\nSèng-chit\n---------\n\n* Só͘-ū tāi-î 2 ê ngó͘-sò͘ lóng sī ha̍p-sêng-sò͘. Siōng-sè ê ha̍p-sêng-sò͘ sī 4.\n* Múi-chi̍t-ê ha̍p-sêng-sò͘ lóng ē-sái iōng ûi-it ê sò͘-sò͘ sêng-chek hêng-sek lâi piáu-ta̍t, iā chiū sī soàn-su̍t ki-pún tēng-lí.\n* Jīm-hô chi̍t ê tāi-î 5 ê ha̍p-sêng-sò͘ *n*, {\\displaystyle (n-1)!\\,\\,\\,\\equiv \\,\\,0{\\pmod {n}}} (Wilson tēng-lí).","meta":{"title":"Ha̍p-sêng-sò͘","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[352,1125,0.3128888888888889],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1347}} -{"text":"\n**Ōtsuka Ai** (大塚 愛; 1982 nî 9 goe̍h 9 ji̍t chhut-sì ), Bân-lâm-gí tha̍k-tsheh-im **Tāi-thióng Ài**, Ji̍t-pún tsa-bóo kua-tshiú, Avex ê tshiam-iok gē-jîn. Otsuka tī Tāi-pán-hú Tāi-pán-tshī tshut-sì, hām Hamasaki Ayumi kah Kōda Kumi sann lâng sī Avex ê tāi-piáu kua-tshenn. Otsuka sī tshòng-tsok kua-tshiú, i--ê hong-keh sio̍k-î káu-kuài kah khai-lóng, tān-sī mā ū tsin tsē su-tsîng kua-khik, suân-lu̍t ū ga̍k-thuân ê kám-kak. Otsuka tuì tē 2 tiunn tuann-khik *Sakuranbo* (さくらんぼ) khai-sí ū-miâ, tsit siú tuann-khik tong-sî bat liân-sio̍k 103 tsiu lóng thîng-liû tī Oricon *tuann-khik tsiu pâi-hâng* thâu 200 miâ; i mā in-uī án-ne, jîn-khì sī jú lâi jú kuân. Otsuka ê tāi-piáu-tsok ū *Sakuranbo*, *Happy Days*, *Kingyo Hanabi* (金魚花火), *Smily/Bīdama* (Smily/ビー玉), *Planetarium* (プラネタリウム), *Ren'ai Shashin* (恋愛写真), kah *Chu-Lip* (チューリップ). Otsuka tī 2010 nî kiat-hun, kè hōo SU (大槻 一人), ū tsi̍t ê tsa-bóo-kiánn.\n\nTsok-phín\n---------\n\n### Tuann-khik\n\n### Tsuan-tsi̍p\n\n* *Love Punch* (2004)\n* *Love Jam* (2004)\n* *Love Cook* (2005)\n* *Love Piece* (2007)\n* *Love Letter* (2008)\n* *Aio Punch* (2014)\n* *Love Fantastic* (2014)\n\n### Tsing-suán\n\n* *Ai am Best* (2007)\n* *Love is Best* (2009)\n\n### Sòo-uī Hā-tsài","meta":{"title":"Ôtuka Ai","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[214,1132,0.18904593639575973],"infobox":["
    Ji̍t-bûn siá-hoat
    Ji̍t-bûn\n大塚 愛
    Kana\nおおつか あい
    Hepburn-sek Lô-má-jī\nŌtsuka Ai
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1316}} -{"text":"**IATA ki-tiûⁿ tāi-bé** sī chi̍t ê iû Kok-chè Khong-ūn Hia̍p-hōe (IATA) kui-tēng, the̍h-lâi tāi-piáu choân sè-kài tāi-to-sò͘ ki-tiûⁿ ê tāi-bé hē-thóng. I-ê pian-hō kui-chek sī ēng 3 ê jī-bó cho͘-sêng. Siāng chia̍p-khoàiⁿ ê só͘-chāi sī tī teng-ki-chèng kap hêng-lí pâi-á téng.\n\nChia-ê tāi-bé ê hun-phòe iû IATA tē 763 hō koat-gī lâi koat-tēng, iû tī Montréal ê IATA chóng-pō͘ koán-lí. Chia-ê tāi-bé múi pòaⁿ-nî chhut-pán chi̍t pái, siu-lo̍k tī IATA ê hâng-khong kong-si pian-bé bo̍k-lio̍k lāi-té. M̄-koh tāi-to-sò͘ kok-ka ê chèng-sek hâng-khong khan-bu̍t lāi-bīn lóng sú-iōng ICAO tāi-bé, bô teh ēng IATA tāi-bé.\n\nIATA mā ū thè hóe-chhia-thâu kap ki-tiûⁿ keng-êng si̍t-thé thê-kiong tāi-bé. I mā ū chi̍t hūn hâng-khong kong-si kap thih-ki-lō͘-sòaⁿ (pau-hâm Amtrak, SNCF kap Tek-kok Thih-lō͘) tāi-békiōng-hióng hia̍p-gī, kap chi̍t hūn tī Bí-kok kap Ka-ná-tāi Amtrak chhia-thâu sú-iōng ê tan-to̍k chām-bé bo̍k-lio̍k.","meta":{"title":"IATA ki-tiûⁿ tāi-bé","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,914,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1054}} -{"text":"\n**Gilgamesh Sū-sū-si** sī Pā-pī-ló͘-nī-à (*Babylonia*) ê 1-siú sū-sū-si. Chit-siú sū-sū-si it-poaⁿ hông kóng-chò sī kah taⁿ hoat-hiān siōng kó͘-chá ê bûn-ha̍k chok-phín, m̄-koh si̍t-chè-siōng sī ū pí i koh khah chá ê chok-phín tī-leh--ê.\n\nGilgamesh sī sîn-oē lāi-té só͘ kóng ê 1-ê kok-ông, khe-khó i ê nî-tāi chha-put-to sī tī se-goân-chêng 2650-nî hit-tah, ū chi̍t-hē-thóng ê Ki-en-gir (Eng-gí: *Sumer*) thoân-soat kap si, lóng siu tī āu--lâi ê Akkad-gí ê tn̂g si--ni̍h, hiān-chhú-sī siōng-kài ka-nn̂g ê pán-pún sī se-goân-chêng 7-sè-kí ê Assyr ông Ashurbanipal ê chu-khò͘ lāi-té hit 11-tè chio̍h-pán.\n\nGilgamesh Sū-sū-si tī kó͘-chá-sî sī chin chhut-miâ koh chin chē lâng chai--ê, lāi-té 1-toāⁿ kóng-tio̍h chò-toā-chúi ê kò͘-sū, hō͘ āu--lâi ê lâng kóng-chò sī Mesopotamia-pán ê Ná-a ê Toā-chûn.\n\nChit-siú sū-sū-si chú-iàu sī teh kóng Gilgamesh kap i ê pêng-iú Enkidu ê koan-hē, Gilgamesh in-ūi chò-ông ê tāi-chì kám-kak hoân-ló koh loé-chì, in-ūi i sī chin pháiⁿ ê ông, só͘-í sîn ēng thô͘ chō Enkidu lâi kap i tàu-sè, 2-ê lâng ū chin-chē lāng-hiám ê oa̍h-tōng. Chit lāi-té, koh te̍k-pia̍t kóng-kioh Enkidu sí liáu-āu Gilgamesh kám-chêng-tek sit-lo̍h.\n\nTha̍k Gilgamesh Sū-sū-si phó-thong lóng-sī tha̍k hoan-e̍k ê pán-pún, Gilgamesh mā piàn-chò tāi-chiòng bûn-hoà ê 1-ê siōng-teng.","meta":{"title":"Gilgamesh Sū-sū-si","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1275,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1480}} -{"text":"\n\n**Ilias** (Kó͘-Hi-lia̍p-bûn: Ἰλιάς, *Ilias*, Latin-gí: *Iliad*) kap Odusseia (Eng-bûn: *Odyssey*) sī 2-siú Hi-lia̍p kó͘-chá ê sū-sū-si, it-poaⁿ sī kā Homeros tòng-chò in ê chok-chiá. Homeros thiaⁿ-kóng sī 1-ê ba̍k-àm ê Ionia si-jîn.\n\nHa̍k-chiá tùi tàu-té ū Homeros chit-ê lâng--bô, koh nā-chún ū, kám sī kāng-chi̍t-ê lâng, iáu teh chhia-poâⁿ. Che iā-chiū-sī kóng, Ilias kap Odusseia kám sī 1-ê chok-chiá siá--chhut-lâi-ê, ia̍h-chiá-sī chiâⁿ-chē phû-lōng si-jîn keng-koè tn̂g sî-kan chò-hoé chhòng-chok--ê, taⁿ iáu bô khak-tēng ê tap-àn. Chóng--sī lán ē-tàng chin chheng-chhó khoàⁿ-chhut chit-2-siú sū-sū-si sī tùi 1-ê chin kú-tn̂g ê khó͘-thoân-koa-si thoân-thóng seⁿ-thoàⁿ--ê, mā tùi āu--lâi ê Hi-lia̍p, Lô-má kap Au-chiu bûn-hoà sán-seng put-chí-á toā ê éng-hióng.\n\nToā-pō͘-hūn ha̍k-chiá kā téng-koân chit-2-siú sū-sū-si khoàⁿ-chò Hi-lia̍p gí-giân siōng-chá ê bûn-ha̍k chok-phín, m̄-koh mā ū lâng jīn-ûi Hesiodos (Eng-gí: Hesiod) ê chok-phín nî-tāi koh khah chá. 20-sè-kí ê toā-pō͘-hūn sî-kan, Ilias kap Odusseia ê nî-tāi lóng hông lia̍h-chò sī tī se-goân-chêng 8-sè-kí, m̄-koh chit-má chiâⁿ-chē ha̍k-chiá (pau-koat Martin West kap Richard Seaford chāi-lāi) jīn-ûi èng-kai sī tī se-goân-chêng 7-sè-kí he̍k-chiá-sī 6-sè-kí iā-kú-káⁿ.\n\nIlias ê loē-iông kap Troia (Τροία, mā kóng-chò Ilion Ίλιον) chiàn-cheng siōng-boé 1-tang (tē-10 tang) ê tāi-chì ū tī-tāi. \"Ilias\" chit-ê jī sī \"koan-hē-tio̍h Ilion\" ê ì-sù. \"Ilion\" sī siâⁿ-chhī ê miā-hō, nā \"Troia\" sī í Ilion chò tiong-sim ê siâⁿ-chhī pang-kok, 2-ê sû tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sio-thè-oāⁿ lâi sú-iōng.","meta":{"title":"Ilias","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,1545,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1776}} -{"text":"Chi̍t keng kū--ê Pizza Hut chhan-thiaⁿ. Khâng-páng sī kū-sek--ê.\n**Pizza Hut** sī Bí-kok chhut-miâ ê liân-só chhan-thiaⁿ.\n\nKhí-goân\n--------\n\nDan kap Frank Carney nn̄g hiaⁿ-tī tī 1958 nî, chham lāu-bú chioh $600, tī Bí-kok Kansas chiu Wichita siâⁿ chhòng-li̍p thâu chi̍t keng Pizza Hut. Keh tang, in tī kâng chiu ê siú-hú Topeka-chhī kiàn-li̍p tē-jī keng Pizza Hut.\n\nHoat-tián\n---------\n\nPizza Hut, KFC kap Taco Bell sī Yum! chi̍p-thoân ê saⁿ tōa pâi-chú. Pizza Hut sī thong sè-kài siōng-tōa ê pizza choan-bûn liân-só khì-gia̍p chi it, in ê khâng-páng te̍k-tiám sī ēng chhù-téng chò chhan-thiaⁿ gōa-piáu ê hiáⁿ-ba̍k piau-chì. Chhan-thiaⁿ hun-pò͘ tī tī sè-kài kok-tē pah-gōa-ê kok-ka, ta̍k-ji̍t chiap-thāi chhiau-kòe 400 bān ê lâng-kheh, ē-tàng chè-chok 170-gōa bān phìⁿ pizza. \n\nChiàu êng-gia̍p-gia̍h kap chhan-thiaⁿ ê sò͘-liōng, ​​Pizza Hut sī sè-kài chhōa-thâu ê pizza liân-só chhan-thiaⁿ khì-gia̍p. \n\n| | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \n\n| * hián\n* lūn\n* pian\nYum! |\n| --- |\n| |\n| \n* Tong-hong Kì-pe̍k\n* KFC\n* Siáu-huî-iông\n* Pizza Hut\n* Taco Bell\n* WingStreet\n\n |\n\n |","meta":{"title":"Pizza Hut","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[78,926,0.08423326133909287],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1193}} -{"text":"\n**Tiáu Le̽t-bûn** (hàn-gú: 趙烈文 (1832-nî－1894-nî); **Tiō Le̽t-bûn**), jī [zh] \"Huē-hú\" (惠甫), it-jī \"Uí-hú\" (偉甫), hō [zh] \"Lîng-tsíng-ku\" (能靜居), Then-hòng-lâu (天放樓), Lo̽k-hua tshun-ú-tsâu (落花春雨巢), sió-miâ [zh] \"Kiû-lâi\" (來求). Tiongkok kang-soo iông-hôo [zh] (hēn-tsāi sio̍k-û Siông-tsiu) jîn-sū. Tshing-kok tsìng-tī jîn-bu̍t, sú-ha̽k hām hu̍t-ha̍k [en] ha̽k-tsiá [en]. Tù-tsok \"Lîng-tsíng-ku jı̽t-kì [en]\" (能靜居日記) tíng-tíng su-tsik. Pat tshin-ba̍k khuànn-tio̍h 1864-nî siong-kun lâm-kiañ tôo-siâñ [en].\n\nŪ-gên tshing-kok hok-bông\n-------------------------\n\nTiáu Le̽t-bûn kiàn-kái to̍k-ti̍k, Tông-tī [en] 6-nî 6-gue̍h 20-ji̍t (1867-nî 7-gue̍h 21-ji̍t), Tiáu Le̽t-bûn i hām Tsan Kok-huan tn̂g-tâm, tuì tshing-tîng ê khuàñ-huat sī:\n\nTù-tsok\n-------\n\nTù-iú iōng \"Hîng-tsháu-thé\" (行草體) sóo-siá ê \"Lîng-tsíng-ku jı̽t-kì\" (能靜居日記), \"Lo̽k-hua tshun-ú-tsâu jı̽t-kì\" (落花春雨巢日记), \"Tiáu Uí-hú sian-siñ king-sin pī-luān jı̽t-kì\" (趙偉甫先生庚申避亂日記) tíng-tíng tù-tsok.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ 陳乃乾《趙惠甫先生年譜》(Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-khó bûn-hèn\n-----------------\n\n* 王先謙 編《東華錄續編》(Hàn-gí)\n* 《曾文正公手寫日記》(Hàn-gí)\n* 《曾國藩全集》(Hàn-gí)\n* 《曾国藩宦海密谈录:与心腹幕僚赵烈文的九十九次倾心交谈》(Hàn-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̽t\n----------\n\n* Kieb king-tsè ha̍k-īnn [en] (Kyiv School of Economics)\n* Hián-sī-khì (îng-bōo, hián-sì tsong-tì; poj: êng-bō͘, hián-sì chong-tì; eng-gí: display device, monitor)\n* Sun Microsystems (sing-iông tiān-náu, thài-iông kè-sǹg-ki hē-thóng, thài-iong bî-hē-thóng; eng-gí: Sun Microsystems)\n* Chi̍t-pēⁿ chu-liāu-khò͘ [en] (Tsi̍t-pēnn tsu-liāu-khòo/Diseases Database)\n* Pêng-hêng kè-sǹg (pîng-hîng kè-sǹg; eng-gí: parallel computing; hàn-gí: 平行計算)\n\nGuā-pōo lên-ket\n---------------\n\n* 趙烈文預言清朝不出50年滅亡 (Hàn-gí)\n* 趙烈文都預言了什麼？ (Hàn-gí)","meta":{"title":"Tiáu Lia̍t-bûn","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[875,1872,0.4674145299145299],"infobox":["
    Tiáu Le̽t-bûn
    \n
    (趙烈文)
    Pronunciation\nZhào Liè-wén
    Tshut-sì\n
    Kiû-lâi (來求)

    1832-nî
    Tiong-kok kang-soo iông-hôo [zh] (kim sio̍k Siông-tsiu)
    Kuè-sin\n1894-nî
    Tsit-gia̍p\nTsan Kok-huan ê Bōo-liâu [en] (su-iâ)
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1977}} -{"text":"Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k thian-châi Albert Einstein\n**Thian-châi** (天才) sī tián-hiān liáu chhut-chèng ê tì-le̍k kap chhòng-ì ê lâng. Chia-ê chhòng-ì thong-siông sī kóng tī bó͘-chi̍t ê ia̍h-sī bó͘-chi̍t-koá léng-he̍k tián-hiān chiân-só͘-bī-iú ê tōng-chhat-le̍k.\n\nTī kho-ha̍k siōng, tùi thian-châi nn̄g ê jī pēng bô chún-khak ê tēng-gī. Thian-châi chit-ê iōng-gú ê sú-iōng iu-goân sī cheng-lūn-sèng ê gī-tê. Thian-châi ē-tàng hêng-iông chi̍t ê lâng ê bó͘-chióng te̍k-sû ê châi-lêng; mā ē-sái iōng tī-leh thong-hiáu ta̍k hong-bīn ha̍k-būn ê phok-ha̍k-chiá, pí-lūn kóng Isaac Newton kap Leonardo da Vinci. He̍k-chiá sī bó͘-chi̍t ê léng-he̍k ê gâu-lâng, chhin-chhiūⁿ Albert Einstein kap Stephen Hawking. Tùi \"sī siáⁿ-mi̍h goân-in chō-chiū liáu thian-châi\", bo̍k-chiân kho-ha̍k-kài tng teh gián-kiù tiong, tān-sī tī sim-lí-ha̍k-kài í-keng thê-chhut liáu siong-koan ê kiàn-kái. Chē-chē thian-châi sī cheng-sîn-pēⁿ ê hoān-chiá, chhin-chhiūⁿ Vincent van Gogh kap Ernest Hemingway téng-téng.","meta":{"title":"Thian-châi","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[0,977,0.0],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1113}} -{"text":"ūi-tī Thài-pêng-iûⁿ se-pō· ê Trami\n**Jia̍t-tài Hong-pō Trami** (Eng-bûn miâ ūi **Trami**, Hui-li̍p-pín miâ: **Tomas**, kok-chè phian-hō: **0623**, JTWC phian-hō: **26W**), sī 2006 nî Thài-pêng-iûⁿ hong-thai kùi ê chòe-āu chi̍t-gê jia̍t-tài khì-chn̂g. \"Trami\" sī Oa̍t-lâm thê-kiong ê miâ, gôan-bûn \"Trà Mi\", chí chi̍t-chéng mûi-kùi chhiū.\n\nHoat-tián kap lō·-chháu\n-----------------------\n\nJia̍t-tài Hong-pō Trami ê lō·-chháu tô·\n12 goe̍h 17 ji̍t, chi̍t jia̍t-tài kē-khì-ap tī Guam ê se-lâm hêng-sêng, Ji̍t-pún Khì-sióng-kio̍k tī tông-ji̍t chiòng-i seng-keh ūi jia̍t-taì hong-pō·, pèng chiòng-i hō-miâ ūi Trami. Tān 3 ji̍t āu, chek 12 goe̍h 19 ji̍t kiám-jio̍k ūi jia̍t-tài kē-khì-ap, pèng tī tông-ji̍t bô-khì.\n\nTrami sī 2006 nî tang-thiⁿ ê tē-jī ê jia̍t-tài khì-chn̂g.\n\n| 2006 nî Thài-pêng-iûⁿ hong-thai kùi |\n| --- |\n| Hong-thai Chin-chu (0601)|Jia̍t-tài Hong-pō· Jelawat (0602)|Hong-thai Ewiniar (0603)|Kiông-lia̍t Jia̍t-tài Hong-pō Bilis (0604)|Hong-thai Kaemi (0605)|Hong-thai Prapiroon (0606)|Hong-thai Maria (0607)|Hong-thai Saomai (0608)|Kiông-lia̍t Jia̍t-tài Hong-pō Bopha (0609)|Kiông-lia̍t Jia̍t-tài Hong-pō Ngō·-khong (0610)|Jia̍t-tài Hong-pō· Sonamu (0611)|Hong-thai Ioke (0612)|Hong-thai Sān-sān (0613)|Hong-thai Yagi (0614)|Hong-thai Xangsane (0615)|Kiông-lia̍t Jia̍t-tài Hong-pō Bebinca (0616)|Jia̍t-tài Hong-pō Rumbia (0617)|Hong-thai Soulik (0618)|Hong-thai Cimaron (0619)|Hong-thai Chebi (0620)|Hong-thai Durian (0621)|Hong-thai Utor (0622)|Jia̍t-tài Hong-pō Trami (0623) |","meta":{"title":"Jia̍t-tài Hong-pō Trami (2006 nî)","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[680,1400,0.4857142857142857],"infobox":[],"td_tables":[],"text_length":1635}} -{"text":"\n**Killnet** (ing-gú: Killnet) sī tsi̍t-ê tshin Gôlôsu ê hacket tsoo-tsit, í-tī 2022-nî Gôlôsu ji̍p-tshim Ukraina kî-kantuì tsiânn-tsē kok-ka ê tsìng-hú ki-kòo hām su-îng kong-si tsìn-hîng DoS [en] (kī-tsua̍t ho̍k-bū) hām DDoS (hun-pòo-sik kī-tsua̍t ho̍k-bū) kong-kik jî-lâi tshut-miâ. Tsit-ê tsoo-tsit hông jīn-uî sīn-tī 2022-nî 3-gue̍h tsîng-āu ê bóo tsi̍t-ê sî-kan sóo sîng-li̍p ê.\n\nKillnet teh tsiap-siū Gôlôsu tsi̍t-king sin-bûn ki-kòotshái-hóng hit-tong-sî, killnet kā ka-kī biâu-su̍t tsò \"thíng-sin tshut-lâi pó-hōo kok-ka tang-tiong ê uì tsuân-kok kok-tē lai ê phóo-thong peh-sènn\". Tī 2022-nî 9-gue̍h, iû-î king-tsè khùn-lân, killnet tsiām-thîng ua̍h-tāng.\n\nGōo-gán kíng-pò\n---------------\n\nGōo-gán liân-bîng tsîng-pò tī 2022-nî 4-gue̍h tsiū pau-kuat Killnet tsāi-lāi ê Gôlôsu kiat-bîng thuân-thé tuì kuan-kiān ki-tshóo siat-si ê kong-kik huat-tshut kíng-kò.\n\nKong-kik\n--------\n\n### Romania\n\nKillnet tī 2022-nî 4-gue̍h 29-ji̍t tsì 2022-nî 5-gue̍h 1-ji̍tkî-kan tuì Romania tsìng-hú bāng-tsām tsìn-hîng kong-kik.\n\n### Moldova\n\nTeh m̄ tsai ê Transnistria huat-sing po̍k-tsà liáu-āu, Moldova kiōng-hô-kok sìn-sit hām an-tsuân-kio̍k [en] pò-kò kóng; tsi-tshî Killnet ê hacket tsoo-tsit uì kok-guā tuì Moldova kuann-hong tong-kio̍k hām ki-kòo ê bāng-tsām huat-khí tsi̍t hē-lia̍t ê bāng-lōo kong-kik. Tse sī teh Romania bāng-tsām tú-tio̍h kong-kik liáu-āu ê kuí kang lāi.\n\n### Czech kiōng-hô-kok\n\nKillnet sing-tshing tuì 2022-nî 4-gue̍h tuì Czech kok-ka ki-kòo bāng-tsām ê kong-kik hū-tsik.\n\n### Italy\n\nIstituto Superiore di Sanità hām Italy khì-tshia kū-lo̍k-pōo ê bāng-tsām tī 2022-nî 5-gue̍h 14-ji̍t lé-pài-gōo tú-tio̍h si̍p-kik Italy tsham-gī-īnn bāng-tsām teh kāng tsi̍t-ê si̍p-kik tang-tiong tú-tio̍h si̍p-kik pīng hông hong-só tsi̍t-tiám tsing-kú.[6] Tī 2022-nî 5-gue̍h 29-ji̍t, in suan-pòo tīng ê suà--lo̍h-lâi hi̍t kang tuì Italy huat-tōng \"bô-huat-tōo mí-póo ê phò-hāi\" si̍p-kik. Tī 2022-nî 5-gue̍h 30-ji̍t, Killnet si̍p-kik Italy pīng sîng-kong hong-só kuí-ā ê bāng-tsām; lî-tshiánn tuì CSIRT bāng-tsām ê kong-kik pīng-bô sîng-kong. Tsit-pái si̍p-kik pīng-bô ū-kî ê hit-loo kū-iú phò-huāi sìng. Killnet āu--lâi o-ló CSIRT [en] ê hông-gū khang-khuè, sau-lián tsìng-hú uī in-ê kang-tsok tiû-tsi̍p kuí-ā tshing khoo bí-kim hōo thuân-tuī.\n\nTsù-kái\n-------\n\n1. ↑ \"Anonymous Declares Cyber War Against Pro-Russia Hacker Group Killnet\". May 23, 2022 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n2. ↑ \"親ロ派ハッカーが攻撃停止　「日本はもう心配しなくていい」\". 東京新聞. 2022-09-30 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n3. ↑ \"親ロシア派ハッカー集団「キルネット」が攻撃停止、資金難で「日本人はもう心配しなくてもいい」\". サンスポ. 2022-09-30 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n4. ↑ \"親ロ派ハッカーが攻撃停止　「日本はもう心配しなくていい」\". 河北新報. 2022-09-30 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Ji̍t-pún-gí)\n5. ↑ Hardcastle, Jessica Lyons (2022-04-21). \"Five Eyes nations fear wave of Russian attacks against critical infrastructure\". 2022-05-22 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n6. ↑ Burgess, Christopher (2022-04-21). \"New Five Eyes alert warns of Russian threats targeting critical infrastructure\". *csoonline.com*. International Data Group. 2022-05-22 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n7. ↑ Chirileasa, Andrei (2022-05-02). \"Romania under cyberattack coming from Russia's KillNet\". *Romania-Insider.com*. 2022-05-22 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n8. ↑ \"Killnet attacked several websites of state institutions in the Republic of Moldova\". *Tylaz*. 22 May 2022.  (Eng-gí)\n9. ↑ \"Czech Television hit in another wave of cyber attacks\". *expats.cz*. 2022-04-29. 2022-05-22 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)\n\nTsham-ua̍t\n----------\n\n* Anonymous (hacker group)\n* CyberBerkut\n* The Dark Overlord (hacker group)\n* Gay Nigger Association of America\n* GhostNet\n* Infraud Organization\n* Lazarus Group\n* Lizard Squad\n* Nickel (hacker group)\n* Noname057(16)\n* Pakbugs\n* Ricochet Chollima\n* Wizard Spider\n* International Data Group.\n\nGuā-pōo liân-kiat\n-----------------\n\n* Who Is Killnet? (Eng-gí)\n* Dark Web Profile: Killnet - Russian Hacktivist Group (Eng-gí)\n* Killnet DDoS hacktivists target Royal Family and others (Eng-gí)\n* An in-depth look at russian threat actor, killnet (Eng-gí)","meta":{"title":"Killnet","mostly_tablelist":false,"tablelist_ratio":[1721,3897,0.4416217603284578],"infobox":["
    Killnet
    Sêng-li̍p\n2022-03 -- 2022-09
    Lūi-hêng\nHacker tsi̍p-thuân [en]
    Bo̍k-piau\nTsiam-tuì tsìng-hú ki-kòo hām su-îng kong-si ê DoS kah DDoS kong-kik.
    Koan-hong gí-giân
    		\nIng-gú; Gô-gú
    Bāng-chām\nKillnet.ru
    "],"td_tables":[],"text_length":4365}} diff --git a/data/zh_yuewiki.jsonl b/data/zh_yuewiki.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8b7da1cc3c5cfce0070f75472c31afc037afd25d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/data/zh_yuewiki.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 -oid sha256:6e2ffc215507f31a0cf09a0575afb9ee646ed30bc676c99f2381321af4aeb962 -size 65663338 diff --git a/data/zhwiki.jsonl b/data/zhwiki.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4ae7f53b601fc1a7c734a1bb86ada20ee0958c50..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/data/zhwiki.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 -oid sha256:abb4a1b1715e4544ff463acd08871c71a69d75311b9bc56be161d14db2e67c81 -size 2595310092 diff --git a/default/partial-train/0000.parquet b/default/partial-train/0000.parquet new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b7188a85910dfb423c0620aefb1ded015bb63ee1 --- /dev/null +++ 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a/scripts/html2markdown.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,50 +0,0 @@ -import re - -from markdownify import MarkdownConverter, chomp - - - -class WikiConverter(MarkdownConverter): - def convert_a(self, el, text, convert_as_inline): - prefix, suffix, text = chomp(text) - if not text: - return "" - return "%s%s%s" % (prefix, text, suffix) - - integer_rgx = re.compile("^[0-9]*$") - - @staticmethod - def is_intable(string: str): - if not string or not string.isdigit(): - return False - if WikiConverter.integer_rgx.match(string): - return True - - def convert_img(self, el, text, convert_as_inline): - convert_as_inline = True - alt = el.attrs.get("alt", None) or "" - if ( - convert_as_inline - and el.parent.name not in self.options["keep_inline_images_in"] - ): - return alt - return alt - - def convert_li(self, el, text, convert_as_inline): - parent = el.parent - if parent is not None and parent.name == "ol": - start = parent.get("start") - if start and WikiConverter.is_intable(start.strip()): - start = int(start.strip()) - else: - start = 1 - bullet = "%s." % (start + parent.index(el)) - else: - depth = -1 - while el: - if el.name == "ul": - depth += 1 - el = el.parent - bullets = self.options["bullets"] - bullet = bullets[depth % len(bullets)] - return "%s %s\n" % (bullet, (text or "").strip()) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/scripts/mediawiki_soup.py b/scripts/mediawiki_soup.py deleted file mode 100644 index 0098722b37911a3077d32f71c37bc5498761675c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/scripts/mediawiki_soup.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,61 +0,0 @@ -from collections.abc import Callable -import typing - -from bs4 import BeautifulSoup -from html2markdown import WikiConverter - - -class MediaWikiSoup: - def __init__(self) -> None: - self.soup_filters = [] - self.md_filters = [] - self.converter = WikiConverter() - - def soup_filter(self, content: str, meta:dict={}): - soup = BeautifulSoup(content, "lxml") - soup, meta = self.soup_filters[0](soup, meta) - if len(self.soup_filters) <= 1: - return soup, meta - for idx, filter in enumerate(self.soup_filters[1:]): - try: - soup, meta = filter(soup, meta) - except Exception as e: - print("Previous filter", self.soup_filters[idx]) - print("Current filter", filter) - print(e) - raise e - if meta.get("_drop"): - return None - return soup, meta - - def add_markdown_filter( - self, - func: Callable[ - [str, typing.Dict[typing.Any, typing.Any]], - typing.Tuple[str, typing.Dict[typing.Any, typing.Any]], - ], - ): - self.md_filters.append(func) - - def markdown_filter(self, soup:BeautifulSoup | str, meta:dict={}): - if isinstance(soup, str): - markdown = soup - else: - markdown = self.converter.convert_soup(soup) - markdown, meta = self.md_filters[0](markdown, meta) - if len(self.md_filters) <= 1: - return markdown, meta - for filter in self.md_filters[1:]: - markdown, meta = filter(markdown, meta) - if meta.get("_drop"): - return None - return markdown, meta - - def add_soup_filter( - self, - func: Callable[ - [BeautifulSoup, typing.Dict[typing.Any, typing.Any]], - typing.Tuple[BeautifulSoup, typing.Dict[typing.Any, typing.Any]], - ], - ): - self.soup_filters.append(func) diff --git a/scripts/wikipedia_soup.py b/scripts/wikipedia_soup.py deleted file mode 100644 index 64e466eeaaddc6d33a8a8d9660ce3cc6c842f7da..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/scripts/wikipedia_soup.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,708 +0,0 @@ -import concurrent.futures as conc -import pathlib -import re -import string -import traceback -import typing -import unicodedata - -import orjson -import tqdm -import typer -from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, NavigableString -from markdownify import MarkdownConverter - -from mediawiki_soup import MediaWikiSoup -from wikipedia_template import citations, stubs, section_reference_list, redirects_list - -app = typer.Typer() - - -def is_stub(soup: BeautifulSoup, meta: dict): - """Checks if the articles is a stub - - Stub detection can be done by checking if any `mw:WikiLink` href links to a "Wikipedia:Stub". - - If it's a stub, it drops the article. - - Args: - soup (BeautifulSoup): The BeautifulSoup4 article - meta (dict): Metadata - - Returns: - BeautifulSoup4, dict: Standard filter chain response (Soup, Metadata) - """ - for wikilink in soup.find_all("a", attrs={"rel": "mw:WikiLink"}): - href = wikilink.get("href") - if href and href.lstrip("./").lower().replace("_", " ") in stubs: - # print("Drop due to stub") - return soup, {"_drop": True} - # return soup, {**meta, "stub": True} - return soup, meta - - -def style_merge(soup: BeautifulSoup, meta: dict): - """Collapses