**酸欖豆亞科**（学名：）又名**摘亞木亞科**，是豆目豆科的一個亞科，共包含17屬約85種。主要分布於熱帶。木材市場上的摘亞木即屬於本亞科的酸欖豆屬。

形態
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本亞科物種為喬木或灌木，少數半灌木（芥花豆属、瓣柱豆屬）；在葉柄和葉軸以及小葉表面缺乏花外蜜腺。托葉側生、離生或不存在。葉為奇數羽狀複葉，很少為偶數羽狀複葉（如螺莢木屬、黃蝶檀屬）、單身複葉（如王桃豆屬、芥花豆屬、百合檀屬、塔芽豆屬）或掌狀複葉（如芥花豆屬），小葉互生，很少對生（如螺莢木屬、黃蝶檀屬） 。

花序高度分枝，多數為聚伞圆锥花序，少數為二列的總狀花序（如芥花豆屬、瓣柱豆屬），具頂生和腋生，或退化為一腋生花（如瓣柱豆屬）；小苞片小或無。花兩性（鐵蘇木屬中為雌雄混株），呈放射對稱或稍微至強烈的雙側對稱，很少出現花托筒，花托可能寬而扁平，帶有蜜腺樣的結構；萼片通常5片、4片（如芥花豆屬、欒檀屬）或3片（如鐵蘇木屬、酸欖豆屬），罕為6（如南美馬蹄豆屬），離生，整齐至亞整齐；花瓣5枚或更少（0、1、3、4），很少6（花瓣數通常等價於萼片數），離生，整齐至亞整齐，覆瓦狀，近軸花瓣位於最內；可育雄蕊5個或更少，很少6-10個（如部份酸欖豆屬、黃蝶檀屬），通常僅存在與萼片對生的雄蕊，離生，形態一致，很少二態（如螺莢木屬），花葯基著，很少背著（如黃蝶檀屬），開裂方向為縱裂，經常退縮為短的頂縫裂或孔縫裂；不育雄蕊存在或不存在；花粉為三溝孔單粒，具點狀紋或細網狀紋，很少條形紋（如某些酸欖豆屬）；雌蕊1心皮（有時在酸欖豆屬的散生花具雙心皮），子房具柄或無柄，胚珠通常2枚（或1至多枚）。

莢果通常不開裂呈核果狀或翅果狀，很少開裂（如螺莢木屬、芥花豆屬、百合檀屬、瓣柱豆屬），或核果狀莢果沿硬化的內果皮分節斷裂成單一種子的節段（如王桃豆屬）。種子1-2枚，更多枚者少見。胚直生。

次生木質部不具被覆紋孔，甚少出現（如黃蝶檀屬，百合檀屬）；有時存在矽晶體（如鐵蘇木屬、酸欖豆屬、棒蕊豆屬、雙蕊蘇木屬）；橫膜纖維少見（如鐵蘇木屬、雙蕊蘇木屬、黃蝶檀屬）；通常會出現層狀木質線。根瘤不存在。

染色體雙倍體數為2n = 28（大多數屬尚未檢測）。

分布
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本亞科主要分布于熱帶，包括北美洲、南美洲、中美洲、非洲、馬達加斯加、華南、東南亞、新幾內亞、澳洲及部份太平洋群島。

分類
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本亚科成员过去大多屬於蘇木亞科，但由於併系群问题，豆科系统分类工作组在2017年设立了本亚科，是蘇木亞科及蝶形花亞科的姐妹群。

依据学名作者们的定义，本亚科是个包含了黃蝶檀（*Poeppigia procera*）及圭亞那酸欖豆（ *Dialium guianense*）但不包括加拿大紫荊（*Cercis canadensis*）、山薑豆（*Duparquetia orchidacea*）或大叶红檀（*Bobgunnia fistuloides*）的冠群。

### 种系发生学

本亚科与豆科其它亚科关系如下：


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| 豆科 Fabaceae | 

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|   | 紫荊亞科 Cercidoideae |
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|   | 甘豆亞科 Detarioideae |
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|   | 山薑豆亞科 Duparquetioideae |
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|   | 酸欖豆亞科 Dialioideae |
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|   | 蘇木亞科 Caesalpinioideae |
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|   | 蝶形花亚科 Faboideae |
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本亞科各屬關係大致如下：


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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 酸欖豆亞科 Dialioideae | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

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| --- | --- |
|   | 芥花豆屬 *Labichea*  |
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|   | 瓣柱豆屬 *Petalostylis* |
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|   | 欒檀屬 *Storckiella* |
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|   | 赤白檀屬 *Kalappia* |
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|   | 鳳眼木屬 *Koompassia* |
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|   | 百合檀屬 *Mendoravia* |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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|   | 篷葯豆屬 *Androcalymma*  |
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|   | 酸欖豆屬 *Dialium* |
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|   | 塔芽豆屬 *Uittienia* |
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|   | 棒蕊豆屬 *Dicorynia* |
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|   | 鐵蘇木屬 *Apuleia*  |
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|   | 雙蕊蘇木屬 *Distemonanthus* |
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|   | 南美馬蹄豆屬 *Martiodendron* |
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|   | 任豆屬 *Zenia* |
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|   | 王桃豆屬 *Baudouinia*  |
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|   | 螺莢木屬 *Eligmocarpus* |
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|   | 黃蝶檀屬 *Poeppigia* |
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### 内部分类

本亚科共17属如下（中文名參考臺灣本土植物資料庫及多識植物百科）：

* 篷葯豆屬 *Androcalymma* Dwyer
* 鐵蘇木屬 *Apuleia* Mart.
* 王桃豆屬 *Baudouinia* Baill.
* 酸欖豆屬 *Dialium* L.
* 棒蕊豆屬 *Dicorynia* Benth.
* 雙蕊蘇木屬 *Distemonanthus* Benth.
* 螺莢木屬 *Eligmocarpus* Capuron
* 赤白檀屬 *Kalappia* Kosterm.
* 鳳眼木屬 *Koompassia* Maingay ex Benth.
* 芥花豆屬 *Labichea* Gaudich. ex DC.
* 南美馬蹄豆屬 *Martiodendron* Gleason
* 百合檀屬 *Mendoravia* Capuron
* 瓣柱豆屬 *Petalostylis* R.Br.
* 黃蝶檀屬 *Poeppigia* C.Presl
* 欒檀屬 *Storckiella* Seem.
* 塔芽豆屬 *Uittienia* Steenis
* 任豆屬 *Zenia* Chun

参考文献
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1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13  Azani, Nasim; Babineau, Marielle; Bailey, C. Donovan; Banks, Hannah; Barbosa, Ariane R.; Pinto, Rafael Barbosa; Boatwright, James S.; Borges, Leonardo M.; Brown, Gillian K.; Bruneau, Anne; Candido, Elisa.. *Taxon*. 2017-02-22, **66** (1): 44–77. ISSN 0040-0262. doi:10.12705/661.3 （英语）.
2. ↑  Zimmerman E.  (学位论文). Papyrus: Institutional Repository, Université de Montréal. 2014. hdl:1866/11208.
3. ↑  Zimmerman, Erin; Herendeen, Patrick S.; Lewis, Gwilym P.; Bruneau, Anne.. *American Journal of Botany*. 2017, **104** (7): 1019–1041. ISSN 1537-2197. doi:10.3732/ajb.1600436 （英语）.
4. ↑ . 臺灣本土植物資料庫. 中央研究院植物標本館.  [2021-01-04].
5. ↑  多识团队.. 多识植物百科.  [2021-01-04].

外部链接
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|  | 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：**酸欖豆亞科** |

* 維基物種上的相關：酸欖豆亞科

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| 分類單元識別碼 | 
* 维基数据: Q29578388
* 維基物種: Dialioideae
* APNI: 51300554
* IPNI: 77161597-1
* NCBI: 1978184
* Tropicos: 100451220

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