| 围棋 |
| --- |
|  |
| 
游戏详述 |
| * 规则
* 让子
* 棋谚（日语：）
* 术语
* 战略战术（英语：）
* 手割
* 布局
* 定式
* 死活
* 诘棋
* 收官
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| 
历史与文化 |
| * 历史
* 棋盤
* 棋子（日语：）
* 变体
* 围棋四大家
* 名局（英语：）
 |
| 
棋手与棋手组织 |
| * 棋手
* 段级位制
* 组织
* 棋赛
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| 
计算机与数学 |
| * 围棋与数学
* 计算机围棋
* 围棋软件
* 網路圍棋
* AlphaGo李世乭五番棋
* AlphaGo Zero
 |
| * 
* 论
* 编
 |

**定式**，又稱**定石**，一般是指圍棋中，經過棋手們長久以來的經驗累積，而形成在某些情況下雙方都會依循的固定下法。一般通常發生在佈局階段的角落地區，但有些在中盤時的某些固定下法，也被稱作中盤定式。圍棋定式的總數在一萬種以上且仍不斷增加中，但常用的僅約數百種，而且隨著各時代對圍棋的見解不同，舊定式也有被修正的可能。

AlphaGo Zero推出之后，旧有的定式被大幅度淘汰。

除了圍棋之外，五子棋中的固定下法也稱作定式。

圍棋定式的作用
-------

由於定式是一種讓下棋雙方各不吃虧的下法，因此在水準較高的對弈中，若一方未按照定式的下法下棋，很可能馬上就被另一方趁機佔得優勢。但在水準較低的對弈中，若雙方對於定式變化的掌握不足，則未按定式下的一方反而有得利的可能。此外，在超水準的職業棋士棋賽中，部分棋手也可能不按照定式下棋，藉以出奇致勝，但受損失的風險也很大，有時甚至因此而發展出新的定式。

定式的運用並非一成不變，通常在定式進行的過程中，雙方都會各自有一些選擇不同定式的機會，因為定式雖然是雙方都不吃虧的下法，但這僅是就局部角落的情形而言，若配合棋盤上其他部分的局勢來看，選擇不同的定式便會對雙方有不同的優劣利弊，因此學習一個定式的時候，不僅要記下法順序，也要了解其適合使用的使用時機。

圍棋定式的種類
-------

定式的發生，通常是在一方先佔角，另一方掛角之後產生的，依照先佔角一方所佔的位置，分成

* 小目定式：日本圍棋廢除座子製後的傳統研究方向，定式種類最多，發展最繁複
* 星位定式：數量僅次於小目定式，由零知識自博弈AI重新興起研究，開局應用頻率超過小目。
* 目外定式：罕見
* 高目定式：罕見
* 三三定式：數量不多

目外定式若掛在小目，則還原成小目低掛脫先的定式。高目定式若掛在小目，則還原成小目高掛脫先的定式。
以及非在角上發生的：

* 中盤定式：在布局過後，常見的棋型而衍伸出來的下法

### 一些比較有名的定式

* 小目定式
	+ 雪崩定式
	+ 大斜定式
	+ 妖刀定式
* 星定式
	+ 雙飛燕定式
	+ 倚蓋定式
	+ 倒垂蓮定式

圖
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### 星位低掛(小飛掛)


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小飛應



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單關應



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一間低夾



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一間高夾



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二間高夾



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三間高夾



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尖頂



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壓



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點三三

### 小目低掛


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側飛/側小飛



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尖頂



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尖出



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夾

### 小目高掛


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托



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夾



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靠

基本定式
----


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