**提示**：此条目的主题不是**古印度象棋**。 



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| 恰图兰加初始位置 |

**恰图兰加**，又译**恰图朗兹**（，源自梵文，意为"四个国王"，又名"*Choupat*"， IAST ，宽式IPA：/cawpaːʈ/），又稱**四角棋**，是一种四人对弈的象棋类游戏，為恰圖蘭卡的變體。最早記載是11世紀比魯尼的書籍，最初，这是一个靠掷两个骰子来决定移动，有运气的骰象棋。这个游戏的无骰子变体在19世纪末仍有人在印度玩 。

歷史
--

最早紀錄在古印度史詩摩訶婆羅多之中。

規則
--

### 棋具

* 棋盤爲正方形，八乘八的方格。
* 棋子兵種有五種，並分四種顏色：
	+ 王（）一個、
	+ 象（）一個、
	+ 馬（）一個、
	+ 船（）一個、
	+ 兵（）四個。

### 開局配置

開局時四人各自佔一邊將自己的棋子從角落以船、馬、象、王的順序攞在最底行；四個兵擺在第二行。

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **船** | **兵** |   |   | **王** | **象** | **馬** | **船** |
| **馬** | **兵** |   |   | **兵** | **兵** | **兵** | **兵** |
| **象** | **兵** |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| **王** | **兵** |   |   |   |   |   |   |
|   |   |   |   |   |   | **兵** | **王** |
|   |   |   |   |   |   | **兵** | **象** |
| **兵** | **兵** | **兵** | **兵** |   |   | **兵** | **馬** |
| **船** | **馬** | **象** | **王** |   |   | **兵** | **船** |

### 行棋

遊戲以順時鐘或逆時鐘進行。各棋子走法如下：

王走法與國際象棋的王相同，移動為周圍八格，所到之處可吃子。此外王還有一個特殊的規則 (*Sinhasana*) 是；當走到某一方的底行時可以獲得其全部部的人馬。

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   |   |   |   |   |
|   | ● | ● | ● |   |
|   | ● | **王** | ● |   |
|   | ● | ● | ● |   |
|   |   |   |   |   |

象走法與國際象棋的城堡相同，直向走任意距離，所到之處可吃子。

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   |   | ↑ |   |   |
|   |   | ↑ |   |   |
| ← | ← | **象** | → | → |
|   |   | ↓ |   |   |
|   |   | ↓ |   |   |

馬走法與國際象棋的馬相同，跳躍至2x3的對角格，所到之處可吃子。

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | ★ |   | ★ |   |
| ★ |   |   |   | ★ |
|   |   | **馬** |   |   |
| ★ |   |   |   | ★ |
|   | ★ |   | ★ |   |

船走法與中國象棋的象類似，走斜向走正好兩格，但無塞象眼，所到之處可吃子。此外船還有一種特殊的吃法 (*vrihannauka*) 是：當走到一個2x2的區域內有其方的三艘船時，可以吃掉全部的船。

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ★ |   |   |   | ★ |
|   |   |   |   |   |
|   |   | **船** |   |   |
|   |   |   |   |   |
| ★ |   |   |   | ★ |

兵走法與國際象棋的兵相類似，向直前走，但要吃子時是往斜前方走，第一步時不能走兩步，故無吃過路兵，亦無升變。

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   |   |   |   |   |
|   | □ | ▲ | □ |   |
|   |   | 兵 |   |   |
|   |   |   |   |   |
|   |   |   |   |   |

### 計分

遊戲目標是吃子並累積最高分數，棋子的分值如下：

| 棋子 | 分值 |
| --- | --- |
| 兵 | 1 |
| 船 | 2 |
| 馬 | 3 |
| 象 | 4 |
| 王 | 5 |

### 使用骰子

原遊戲是以骰子決定要走的棋子，但亦可不用骰子跟一般象棋一樣純粹靠棋藝技巧。

参见
--

1. ↑  Murray, H.J.R.. Benjamin Press (originally published by Oxford University Press). 1913. ISBN 0-936-317-01-9.

外部連結
----

* 遊戲介紹
* 歷史介紹 （页面存档备份，存于）

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| * 
* 论
* 编
象棋類遊戲 |
| --- |
|  |
| 歐洲 | 
* 國際象棋
	+ 變體
* 土耳其大象棋
* 西班牙大象棋
* 短兵象棋
* 信使象棋

 |
|  |
| 中東 | 
* 波斯象棋
* 帖木兒象棋
* 本營象棋
* 衣索比亞象棋

 |
|  |
| 印度 | 
* 古印度象棋
* 印度四角棋
* 泰盧固象棋

 |
|  |
| 東南亞 | 
* 泰國象棋
* 緬甸象棋
* 高棉象棋
* 馬來象棋

 |
|  |
| 東亞 | 
* 中國象棋
	+ 變體
* 日本將棋
	+ 變體
* 韓國將棋
	+ 變體
* 蒙古象棋
	+ 蒙古大象棋
* 琉球象棋
* 寶應象棋

 |

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