**铁翼龙**（属名：*Ferrodraco*，意为"铁之龙"，源自其化石发现于铁矿床中）是一类已灭绝的古魔翼龙类，化石出土于澳大利亚昆士兰州温顿组（Winton Formation）晚白垩世地层，唯一已知种为模式种**伦氏铁翼龙**（*F. lentoni*），其种加名源自温顿市前市长格雷厄姆·托马斯·布奇·伦顿（Graham Thomas ‘Butch’ Lenton）的姓。铁翼龙属的化石澳大利亚保存最完整的翼龙化石，其正模标本**AODF 876**主要由头骨和齿骨的前部、中部颈椎和部分翼骨组成，其翼展约为4米（13英尺）。早期研究认为铁翼龙属属于鸟掌翼龙亚科，是猎空翼龙属的姐妹群。最近的一项研究表明，铁翼龙属确实是猎空翼龙属的姊妹分类群，但二者都属于古魔翼龙科下的脊颌翼龙亚科。铁翼龙属也是古魔翼龙类中生存年代最晚的成员。

发现与命名
-----

铁翼龙属（A）、猎空翼龙属（B）和澳洲翼龙属（C）三者的正模标本对比
正模标本最初发现于2017年4月，当时养牛场主罗伯特·A·埃利奥特（ Robert A. Elliott）在贝尔蒙特站（Belmont Station）附近喷洒除草剂。之后阿黛尔·H·彭特兰（Adele H. Pentland）领导的一个团队挖掘了铁翼龙属的正模标本，一个绰号为"布奇"的志愿者阿里·卡尔维（Ali Calvey）参与了进一步研究。随后他们对其进行了CAT扫描。

2019年，模式种伦顿铁翼龙由阿黛尔·H·彭特兰、斯蒂芬·弗朗西斯·波罗帕特（Stephen Francis Poropat）、特拉维斯·R·蒂施勒（Travis R. Tischler）、特里什·斯隆（Trish Sloan）、罗伯特·A·埃利奥特、哈利·A·埃利奥特（Harry A. Elliott）、朱迪·A·埃利奥特（Judy A. Elliott）和大卫·A·埃利奥特（David A. Elliott）等人命名并描述。属名源自拉丁语ferrum（意为"铁"）和draco（意为"龙"），意指其化石发现于铁矿床中；种加名是为了纪念2017年去世的温顿市市长格雷厄姆·托马斯·"布奇"·伦顿，以表彰他为当地社区所做的工作以及对澳大利亚恐龙时代（英语：）的支持。

正模标本AODF 876发现于森诺曼期——下土仑期（约9600万年前）的温顿组地层中，包含部分头骨和下颚。它包含头部前部、前上颌骨、上颌骨和颌骨上的牙齿、左额骨、左下颚的后部、四十颗单齿、五节颈椎骨、右肩关节、左尺骨、左桡骨、左腕骨近端和远端、两个第四掌骨、左手第一指到第三指的指骨和无名指的第一节指骨。这具标本代表了一只形态成熟但发育尚未成熟的动物。由于铁矿石的原因，大部分骨骼得到了三维保存，但一些骨头已经被压碎。它的发音器官也可能形成了化石，但在被发现之前就已经因为侵蚀和牛群而分解了。铁翼龙属目前是温顿组中发现的唯一一类翼龙，在2019年，它是澳大利亚有史以来发现的最完整的翼龙化石，这在澳大利亚非常罕见。

描述
--

复原图
### 体型与特征

铁翼龙属的翼展约为4（13英尺）。

描述者指出铁翼龙属具有两种独有衍征（英语：）：吻部前上颌骨和前下颌骨的第一对牙齿比其他前牙小，第四到第七对牙齿比第三对和第八对牙齿小。

此外，铁翼龙属还存在一种独特的组合特征，但这些特征本身并不独特。前上颌骨前缘呈扁平的三角状，其中的第一对牙齿与颌骨垂直，并从下颌轮廓略微向上偏移。上下颌的前部没有向侧面扩大。后牙与颌骨垂直，从前往后尺寸逐渐减小。牙槽相对于颌骨外壁增大。吻部有一个前上颌骨脊，其前缘连接了吻部尖端的边缘，以60度角急剧上升，并在圆形牙顶处结束。

### 骨骼

不同角度的铁翼龙属头骨和下颌骨（左）以及示意图（右）
头骨总长度约为60（2.0英尺）。吻部有一个相对较高的冠部，从侧面看它可能有一个三角形的轮廓，但后缘没有保留下来。然而，顶部的横向厚度非常薄，只有4（0.16英寸）厚。它内部是中空的，光滑的骨壁由小支柱连接。波峰的底部长度为131（5.2英寸），高度为128（5.0英寸）。下颚与头骨的联接处可能在第二个嵴中处延伸到下方。

估计上颚共有十二颗牙齿，下颚共有十三颗牙齿，整个头骨上总共有五十颗牙齿。牙齿形状为具有椭圆形横截面的锥形尖刺，横向变平。在俯视图中，肿胀的牙槽导致下颌线的轮廓出现了起伏。

分类
--

铁翼龙属（A）、脊颌翼龙属（B）和焚风翼龙属（C）的上颚对比，三者均取咬合视图
铁翼龙属是古魔翼龙类中已知生存年代最晚的成员，它的命名表明该演化枝在晚白垩世并未灭绝。然而，早在2010
年，澳大利亚发现了一块包含两颗牙齿的鸟掌翼龙类颌骨碎片（标本 WAM 68.5.11），发现地与铁翼龙属正模标本相同，这个标本出土于鼹鼠帽湿沙（Molecap Greensand），这些地层的年代可能比铁翼龙属化石出土的地层还要晚。

彭特兰等人在2019年对铁翼龙属进行的研究，包含两个系统发育学分析的结果，试图确定铁翼龙属在演化树中的位置。第一项分析发现，铁翼龙属属于鸟掌翼龙科鸟掌翼龙亚科，是猎空翼龙属的姐妹群，后者是一种发现于澳大利亚较古老地层的翼龙，第二项分析将铁翼龙属归类为基干古魔翼龙类，并和古魔翼龙属、鸟掌翼龙属和残喙翼龙属组成了一个多分支（英语：）。然而，博尔雅·霍尔加多（Borja Holgado）和罗德里戈·佩加斯（ Rodrigo Pêgas）在2020年进行的一项研究将铁翼龙属归入古魔翼龙科脊颌翼龙亚科，但它仍然是猎空翼龙属的姐妹群。

 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **版本1：** 彭特兰（Pentland）等人在 2019年进行的第一次系统发育分析。

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|  古魔翼龙类 Anhangueria  | 

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|   | 鬼龙属 *Guidraco* |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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|   | 巴西翼龙属 *Brasileodactylus* |
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|   | 玩具翼龙属 *Ludodactylus* |
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|   | 西阿翼龙属 *Cearadactylus* |
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| 鸟掌翼龙领科 Ornithocheirae | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 古魔翼龙科 Anhangueridae | 

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|   | 辽宁翼龙属 *Liaoningopterus* |
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|   | 古魔翼龙属 *Anhanguera* |
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| 鸟掌翼龙科 Ornithocheiridae | 

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|   | 脊颌翼龙属 *Tropeognathus* |
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| 鸟掌翼龙亚科 Ornithocheirinae | 

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|   | 残喙翼龙属 *Coloborhynchus* |
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| --- | --- |
|   | 鸟掌翼龙属 *Ornithocheirus* |
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| --- | --- |
|   | **铁翼龙属** ***Ferrodraco*** |
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|   | 猎空翼龙属 *Mythunga* |
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  | **版本2：** 奥尔加多（Holgado）和Pêgas在2020年进行的系统发育学分析。

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 古魔翼龙科 Anhangueridae | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 脊颌翼龙亚科 Tropeognathinae | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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|   | 焚风翼龙属 *Siroccopteryx* |
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|   | 脊颌翼龙属 *Tropeognathus* |
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|   | 猎空翼龙属 *Mythunga* |
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|   | **铁翼龙属** ***Ferrodraco*** |
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| 残喙翼龙亚科 Coloborhynchinae | 

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| --- | --- |
|   | 风龙属 *Aerodraco* |
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|   | 残喙翼龙属 *Coloborhynchus* |
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|   | 龙喙龙属 *Nicorhynchus* |
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|   | 乌克提纳翼龙属 *Uktenadactylus* |
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| 古魔翼龙亚科 Anhanguerinae | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

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| --- | --- |
|   | 捻船头翼龙属 *Caulkicephalus* |
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|   | 鬼龙属 *Guidraco* |
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|   | 玩具翼龙属 *Ludodactylus* |
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|   | 辽宁翼龙属 *Liaoningopterus* |
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| --- | --- |
|   | 西阿翼龙属 *Cearadactylus* |
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|   | 河怪翼龙属 *Maaradactylus* |
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|   | 古魔翼龙属 *Anhanguera* |
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参考资料
----

1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Pentland, Adele H.; Poropat, Stephen F.; Tischler, Travis R.; Sloan, Trish; Elliott, Robert A.; Elliott, Harry A.; Elliott, Judy A.; Elliott, David A.. Scientific Reports. December 2019, **9** (1): 13454. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6776501 可免费查阅. PMID 31582757. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49789-4.
2. ↑  Kear, B.P. Deacon, G.L. & Siverson, M. 2010. "Remains of a Late Cretaceous pterosaur from the Molecap Greensand of Western Australia". *Alcheringa* **34**: 273–279
3. ↑  Holgado, B.; Pêgas, R.V.. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2020, **65**. doi:10.4202/app.00751.2020 可免费查阅.

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| 分類單元識別碼 | 
* 维基数据: Q69739391
* Fossilworks: 399803

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