**氫氧化钙**，化學式Ca(OH)2，俗稱**熟石灰**或**消石灰**，是一種微溶於水的白色固體，其水溶液常稱為**石灰水**（量大時，形成饱和氢氧化钙溶液和氢氧化钙固体的混合物，可称为石灰乳或石灰漿），強鹼性。在空氣中吸收二氧化碳和水等而變質，通常稱其具有吸水性。一般用於建築或酸性土地的改良。

常见反应
----

生石灰（氧化钙）与水反应生成氢氧化钙，化学方程式为：

{\displaystyle {\ce {CaO + H2O -> Ca(OH)2}}}
當加熱到512℃，水與氫氧化鈣的分壓達到101千帕（常壓），氫氧化鈣分解為氧化鈣和水，化學方程式為：

{\displaystyle {\ce {Ca(OH)2 -> CaO + H2O}}}
氢氧化钙会与二氧化碳反应生成碳酸钙与水，化学方程式为：

{\displaystyle {\ce {Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ->CaCO3 v + H2O}}}
该反应常用于检验二氧化碳，陽性結果為氫氧化鈣溶液變成乳白色。

若该反应中二氧化碳过量，则会继续反应，生成碳酸氢钙溶液，液体也就变得澄清：

{\displaystyle {\ce {CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O -> Ca(HCO3)2}}}
氢氧化钙会与碳酸钠或碳酸氢钠反应生成氢氧化钠和碳酸钙，化学方程式：

{\displaystyle {\ce {Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 -> CaCO3 v + 2NaOH}}}
{\displaystyle {\ce {2NaHCO3 + Ca(OH)2 -> CaCO3 v + Na2CO3 + 2H2O}}}（NaHCO3过量）
{\displaystyle {\ce {NaHCO3 + Ca(OH)2 ->CaCO3 v + NaOH + H2O}}}（Ca(OH)2过量）
该反应在工业上用于制取氢氧化钠。

制备方法
----

由氧化钙和水消化而得。 

{\displaystyle {\ce {CaO + H2O -> Ca(OH)2}}}

将石灰石在煅烧成生石灰（氧化钙）后与水消化，生成氢氧化钙。料液经净化分离除渣，即为氢氧化钙成品。

對人体健康的影响
--------

人體過量服食和吸收氫氧化鈣會導致有危險的症狀，例如呼吸困難、內出血、低血壓、肌肉癱瘓、阻礙肌球蛋白和肌動蛋白系統，以及增加血液的pH值，使內臟受損等

常见用途
----

### 农业

* 降低土壤酸度
* 改良土壤结构
* 制成的波尔多液用于果树和蔬菜来消灭病虫害

### 生活

* 石灰沙浆可用于砌砖抹墙（粉末为墙灰）

### 食品

* 作为槟榔卤水之主要原料。

### 工业

* 在制糖工业中用来中和糖浆中的酸，从而减少糖過度的酸味
* 中和酸性廢料

### 饮用水

条目：香港供水 § 水質監控
在濾水過程中，原水（即未經處理的水）會先被混入化學品（如明礬和**熟石灰**），進行攪拌，然後流入澄清池凝聚和沉澱，再流進快速重力濾水池，利用砂及無煙煤進行過濾。過濾後的水會在接觸池內加入氯氣和**熟石灰**，進行消毒及調節酸鹼度；再經其余一连串處理後的食水會直接輸送到接駁至用戶的供水系統，或儲存於配水庫，供應市民飲用。

### 药用效果

氢氧化钙在牙科领域使用广泛，主要应用于下面三个方面： 

第一，活髓切断术，活髓切断术的目的是切除有病变的冠部牙髓，保存安康的根部牙髓及牙髓的生机，维持了乳牙牙根的正常吸收和零落，促进年轻恒牙牙根的进一步发育和根尖孔的封锁。 

第二，根尖诱导成形术，当年轻恒牙的牙根尚处于发育阶段的时分，由于某种缘由，如龋齿、畸形、外伤等，使牙髓坏死，牙根中止发育，致使根尖呈开放状态。关于此类患牙的治疗，曾使口腔科医生感到十分棘手，由于根管腔大，用常规扩挫根管的办法，要到达彻底的清创是十分艰难的，若要使根管紧密充填简直是不可能的。 

二十世纪六十年代以来，国外在这方面作了大量的研讨工作，改动了过去单纯机械充填的办法，而是促使根尖继续发育到达封锁根尖的新途径，取得了显著的效果。即先用药物促使根尖发育完成，使之封锁，然后再作根管充填。这就是所谓的根尖诱导成形术。目前比拟公认的效果较好的药物是含氢氧化钙的制剂。 

第三，盖髓术，是用以氢氧化钙制剂为主的药物直接或间接掩盖暴露的牙髓，以帮助牙髓愈合和促进修复性牙本质再生的治疗，通常适用于安康的新颖暴露牙髓。 

目前氢氧化钙制剂在临床上的效果已被公认。

参考链接
----

1. ↑ .  [2019-01-15]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-16）.
2. ↑   (PDF).  [2016-05-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-06-11）.
3. ↑   (PDF).  [2011-06-21]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-03-25）.
4. 1 2  水務署..  [2014年8月21日]. （原始内容存档于2013年8月4日）.

產品描述
----

* 常見用途及規格01
* 用途及規格02 （页面存档备份，存于）
* 飲用水處理藥劑氫氧化鈣中重金屬不純物含量檢測之樣品製備法(NIEA D409.42B) （页面存档备份，存于）
* 農工用途
* 土壤及作物 - 銅缺乏症 (Copper Deficiency)[永久]

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

| * 
* 论
* 编
**鈣化合物** |
| --- |
|  |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CaH2 |  |  |  | He |
| Li | Be | CaB6Ca3(BO3)2 | CaC2CaCO3Ca(HCO3)2 | Ca(NO3)2CaCN2Ca3N2 | CaOCaO2Ca(OH)2 | CaF2 | Ne |
| Na | Mg | Ca(AlO2)2 | Ca2SiCaSiCaSi2Ca2SiO4 | Ca2P2O7Ca3(PO4)2Ca(H2PO4)2CaHPO4Ca3P2CaxPy | CaSCaSO3CaSO4CaH2S2O6 | CaClCaCl2Ca(ClO)2Ca(ClO2)2Ca(ClO3)2Ca(ClO4)2 | Ar |
| K | Ca | Sc | CaTiO3 | V | CaCrO4 | Ca(MnO4)2 | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Ca5Zn3 | Ga | Ge | Ca3(AsO4)2 | CaSe | CaBr2 | Kr |
| Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | CaTe | CaI2Ca(IO3)2 | Xe |
| Cs | Ba | 镧系 | Hf | Ta | CaWO4 | Re | Os | Ir | CaPt2 | Au | CaHg2 | Tl | Pb | Bi | CaPo | At | Rn |
| Fr | Ra | 锕系 | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
|  |  | ↓ |  |  |
| 镧系 | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu |
| 锕系 | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr |

 |
|  |
| 有机酸钙 | 
* CaC2O4
* Ca(HCOO)2
* Ca(CH3COO)2
* Ca(C2H5COO)2
* Ca(HOC3H6COO)2
* Ca3(C6H5O7)2
* C36H70CaO4

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

| * 
* 论
* 编
**氢氧化物** |
| --- |
|  |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| H2O |  |  |  | He |
| LiOH | Be(OH)2 | B(OH)3(B(OH)2)2 | C(OH)4 | NH4•OHNMe4OH | O(OH)2 | FOH | Ne |
| NaOHNaOD | Mg(OH)2 | AlOHAl(OH)3 | Si(OH)4 | P(OH)3 | S(OH)2 | ClOH | Ar |
| KOH | Ca(OH)2 | Sc(OH)3 | Ti(OH)4 | V | Cr(OH)2Cr(OH)3 | Mn(OH)2 | Fe(OH)2Fe(OH)3 | Co(OH)2Co(OH)3 | Ni(OH)2NiO(OH) | CuOHCu(OH)2 | Zn(OH)2 | Ga(OH)3 | Ge(OH)2 | As(OH)3 | Se | BrOH | Kr |
| RbOH | Sr(OH)2 | Y(OH)3 | Zr(OH)4 | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh(OH)3Rh(OH)4（俄语：） | Pd(OH)2（俄语：） | AgOH | Cd(OH)2 | In(OH)3 | Sn(OH)2Sn(OH)4 | Sb | Te(OH)6 | IOH | Xe |
| CsOH | Ba(OH)2 | 镧系 | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir(OH)3 | Pt(OH)2（俄语：）Pt(OH)4（俄语：） | Au(OH)3 | [NHg2]OH（德语：） | TlOHTl(OH)3 | Pb(OH)2Pb(OH)4 | Bi(OH)3 | Po | At | Rn |
| FrOH | Ra(OH)2 | 锕系 | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
|  |  | ↓ |  |  |
| 镧系 | La(OH)3 | Ce(OH)3Ce(OH)4 | Pr(OH)3 | Nd(OH)3 | Pm(OH)3 | Sm(OH)3 | Eu(OH)2Eu(OH)3 | Gd(OH)3 | Tb(OH)3 | Dy(OH)3 | Ho(OH)3 | Er(OH)3 | Tm(OH)3 | Yb(OH)3 | Lu(OH)3 |
| 锕系 | Ac(OH)3 | Th(OH)4 | Pa | UO2(OH)2 | Np | Pu | Am(OH)3 | Cm(OH)3 | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr |

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