**趙威后**（前300年？—前265年），又稱**趙威太后**、**孝威太后**，為趙惠文王王后，趙孝成王、长安君、庐陵君、燕武成后之母，姓名不詳。惠文王去世後，她一度臨朝聽政，而年紀才三十頭。史書對她執政時期的作為有兩段非常生動的記載，一是"触龙說趙太后"、二是"齊王使使者問趙威后"。她執政一年後去世，兒子孝成王才開始親政。

觸龍說趙太后
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趙惠文王死後，秦國趁趙國國喪，新君初立的時候，大舉進攻趙國。趙國兵弱，只得求救於齊。齊國則提出要以太后愛子長安君做為人質，方肯出兵。趙太后舐犢情深，不願長安君身赴險地，故而堅拒不從，雙方陷入僵局。危急時刻，左師触龙言願見太后（今本《戰國策》誤將「龍言」合為「讋」字）挺身而出，婉言相勸太后為長安君做長久打算，讓他為國立功以長保富貴。太后幡然醒悟，毅然派長安君出質於齊，齊國守約，援軍立出。 

趙國的賢者子義知道這件事，感慨地說：「國君之子，又是骨肉之親，還不能保住非靠功勞得來的地位，非為國效力獲得的俸祿，還守不住那些靠親緣獲得的財富，更何況我們這些平凡人呢？」

齊王使使者問趙威后
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齊國派使者來見太后，面對齊國派來問候的使者，趙太后從容地問起了齊國的國情，歲收是否豐盈，百姓是否安樂，齊王是否無恙？使者對趙太后"先賤而後尊貴"的問候次序表示不滿，趙太后反駁說如果反過來就是"舍本而問末者"，並且她對齊國的人事竟瞭若指掌，在這個外交場合中，趙太后是以一位賢明的執政者身份出現的。

參考資料
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* 《史记》卷43〈趙世家〉
* 《戰國策》齊策四〈齊王使使者問趙威后〉、趙策四〈趙太后新用事〉

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周朝及各諸侯國王后 |
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| 周朝王后 | 

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| 周武王 | 邑姜 |
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| 周成王 | 王姒 |
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| 周康王 | 王姜 |
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| 周昭王 |  |
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| 周穆王 | 王俎姜 |
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| 周共王 | 王媯 |
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| 周孝王 | 王京 |
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| 周懿王 | 王伯姜 |
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| 周夷王 | 王姞 |
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| 周厉王 | 申姜 |
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| 周宣王 |  |
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| 周幽王 | # - 褒姒 |
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| 周桓王 | 紀季姜 |
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| 周惠王 |  |
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| 周襄王 |  |
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| 周定王 |  |
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| 周灵王 | 齊姜 |
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| 周景王 |  |

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| 秦國王后 | 

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| 秦惠文王 |  |
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| 秦武王 | 悼武王后 |
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| 秦昭襄王 |  |
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| 秦孝文王 | 华阳太后 |
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| 秦莊襄王 | 帝太后 |

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| 楚國王后 | 

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| 楚武王 | 鄧曼 |
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| 楚庄王 | 樊姬 |
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| 楚共王 | 秦嬴 |
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| 楚平王 | 孟嬴 |
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| 楚昭王 | 貞姜 |
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| 楚懷王 |  |
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| 楚考烈王 |  |

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| 魏國王后 | 

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| 魏惠王 | 魏惠王夫人 |
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| 魏安僖王 |  |

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| 齊國王后 | 

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| 齊威王 | 齊威王夫人 |
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| 齊宣王 | 齊宣王后# - 鍾離春 |
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| 齊湣王 | 宿瘤女 - 齊湣太后 |
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| 齊襄王 | 君王后 |

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| 趙國王后 | 

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| 赵武灵王 | 韓氏 - 趙惠后 |
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| 趙惠文王 |  |
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| 趙悼襄王 |  |

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| 燕國王后 | 

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| 燕易王 |  |
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| 燕武成王 |  |

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| 其他君主正室 | 

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| 周太王 | 太姜 |
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| 周王季 | 太任 |
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| 周文王 | 太姒 |
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| 吳王夫差 | 季子 |
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| 中山王 | 陰姬 |
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| 秦二世 | 胡亥夫人 |
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| 子婴 | 子婴夫人 |

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| 其他君主生母（列出帝王為子） | 

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| 王子颓 | 王姚 |
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| 秦昭襄王 | 宣太后 |
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| 秦孝文王 | 唐太后 |
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| 秦庄襄王 | 夏太后 |

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| 注：#者为（未亡国时）被废、（其夫未称王时）、被殺、离婚或身后被剥夺王后资格。 |

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