**孟加拉語羅馬化**。雖然已經為孟加拉語有不同的羅馬化標準，但沒有一個統一的標準。

婆羅米系文字包含孟加拉文，但各國會因政經和地理呈現出不同樣貌。其中不同的羅馬化標準：國際梵文音譯字母IAST系統（基於變音符號）、印度語言轉寫ITRANS（使用適合ASCII鍵盤的大寫字母）、加爾各答國家圖書館羅馬化。

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與翻譯。
In the context of Bengali romanisation, it is important to distinguish transliteration from transcription. Transliteration is orthographically accurate (the original spelling can be recovered), but transcription is phonetically accurate (the pronunciation can be reproduced). English does not have all sounds of Bengali, and pronunciation does not completely reflect orthography. The aim of romanisation is not the same as phonetic transcription. Rather, romanisation is a representation of one *writing system* in Roman (Latin) script. If Bengali script has "ত" and Bengalis pronounce it /to/ there is nevertheless an argument based on writing-system consistency for transliterating it as "त" or "ta." The writing systems of most languages do not faithfully represent the spoken sound of the language, as famously with English words like "enough," "women," or "nation" (see "ghoti").

歷史
--

Portuguese missionaries stationed in Bengal in the 16th century were the first people to employ the Latin alphabet in writing Bengali books. The most famous are the *Crepar Xaxtrer Orth, Bhed* and the *Vocabolario em idioma Bengalla, e Portuguez dividido em duas partes*, both written by Manuel da Assumpção. However, the Portuguese-based romanisation did not take root. In the late 18th century, Augustin Aussant used a romanisation scheme based on the French alphabet. At the same time, Nathaniel Brassey Halhed used a romanisation scheme based on English for his Bengali grammar book. After Halhed, the renowned English philologist and oriental scholar Sir William Jones devised a romanisation scheme for Bengali and other Indian languages in general; he published it in the *Asiatick Researches* journal in 1801. His scheme came to be known as the "Jonesian system" of romanisation and served as a model for the next century and a half.

音譯和轉錄
-----

Romanisation of a language written in a non-Roman script can be based on either transliteration (orthographically accurate and the original spelling can be recovered) or transcription (phonetically accurate, and the pronunciation can be reproduced). The distinction is important in Bengali, as its orthography was adopted from Sanskrit and ignores several millennia of sound change. All writing systems differ at least slightly from the way the language is pronounced, but this is more extreme for languages like Bengali. For example, the three letters শ, ষ, and স had distinct pronunciations in Sanskrit, but over several centuries, the standard pronunciation of Bengali (usually modelled on the Nadia dialect) has lost the phonetic distinctions, and all three are usually pronounced as IPA [ʃɔ]. The spelling distinction persists in orthography.

In written texts, distinguishing between homophones, such as শাপ *shap* "curse" and সাপ *shap* "snake", is easy. Such a distinction could be particularly relevant in searching for the term in an encyclopaedia, for example. However, the fact that the words sound identical means that they would be transcribed identically, so some important distinctions of meaning cannot be rendered by transcription. Another issue with transcription systems is that cross-dialectal and cross-register differences are widespread, so the same word or lexeme may have many different transcriptions. Even simple words like মন "mind" may be pronounced "mon", "môn", or (in poetry) "mônô" (as in the Indian national anthem, "Jana Gana Mana").

Often, different phonemes are represented by the same symbol or grapheme. Thus, the vowel এ can represent either [e] (এল *elo* [elɔ] "came") or [ɛ] (এক *êk* [ɛk] "one"). Occasionally, words written in the same way (homographs) may have different pronunciations for differing meanings: মত can mean "opinion" (pronounced *môt*), or "similar to" (*môtô*). Therefore, some important phonemic distinctions cannot be rendered in a transliteration model. In addition, to represent a Bengali word to allow speakers of other languages to pronounce it easily, it may be better to use a transcription, which does not include the silent letters and other idiosyncrasies (স্বাস্থ্য *sbasthyô*, spelled <swāsthya>, or অজ্ঞান *ôggên*, spelled <ajñāna>) that make Bengali romanisation so complicated. Such letters are misleading in a phonetic romanisation of Bengali and are a result of often inclusion of the Bengali script with other Indic scripts for romanisation, but the other Indic scripts lack the inherent vowel ô, which causes chaos for Bengali romanisation.

A phenomenon in which romanisation of Bengali unintentionally leads to humorous results when translated is known as Murad Takla.

羅馬拼音化
-----

Comparisons of the standard romanisation schemes for Bengali are given in the table below. Two standards are commonly used for transliteration of Indic languages, including Bengali. Many standards (like NLK/ISO), use diacritic marks and permit case markings for proper nouns. Schemes such as the Harvard-Kyoto one are more suited for ASCII-derivative keyboards and use upper- and lower-case letters contrastively, so forgo normal standards for English capitalisation.

* "NLK" stands for the diacritic-based letter-to-letter transliteration schemes, best represented by the National Library at Kolkata romanisation or the ISO 15919, or IAST. It is the ISO standard, and it uses diacritic marks like ā to reflect the additional characters and sounds of Bengali letters.
* ITRANS is an ASCII representation for Sanskrit; it is one-to-many: more than one way of transliterating characters may be used, which can make internet searches more complicated. ITRANS ignores English capitalisation norms to permit representing characters from a normal ASCII keyboard.
* "HK" stands for two other case-sensitive letter-to-letter transliteration schemes: Harvard-Kyoto and XIAST scheme. Both are similar to the ITRANS scheme and use only one form for each character.

### 元音

| 孟加拉－阿薩姆文 | IABT（英语：） | ISO 15919 | Avro | ITRANS | Devanagari | WX（英语：） | B.C |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| অ | a | a | o | a | a | a | a |
| আ | aa | ā | a | A/aa | A | A | aa |
| ই | i | i | i | i | i | i | i |
| ঈ | ee | ī | I | I/ii | I | I | 未定義 |
| উ | u | u | u | u | u | u | u |
| ঊ | oo | ū | U | U/uu | U | U | 未定義 |
| ঋ | RI | r̥ | rri | RRi/R^i | R | q | 未定義 |
| ৠ | RI | r̥̄ | - | r̥̄ | - | - | 未定義 |
| ঌ | LI | l̥ | - | l̥ | - | - | 未定義 |
| ৡ | LI | l̥̄ | - | l̥̄ | - |  | 未定義 |
| এ | e | ē | e | e | e | e | e |
| ঐ | oi | ai | ai | ai | ai | E | oi |
| ও | o | ō | O | o | o | o | o |
| ঔ | ou | au | OU | au | au | O | ou |
| অ্যা | ae | æ | ya | - | OU | - | ae |

### 輔音

| 孟加拉－阿薩姆文 | IABT（英语：） | ISO 15919 | Avro | ITRANS | B.C |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ক | ka | ka | k | ka | ka |
| খ | kha | kha | kh | kha | kha |
| গ | ga | ga | g | ga | ga |
| ঘ | gha | gha | gh | gha | gha |
| ঙ | ng | ṅa | Ng | ~Na | 未定義 |
| চ | ca | ca | c | ca | cca |
| ছ | cha | cha | ch | Cha | cha |
| জ | ja | ja | j | ja | 未定義 |
| ঝ | jha | jha | jh | jha | jha |
| ঞ | ya | ña | NG | ~na | 未定義 |
| ট | ta | ṭa | T | Ta | ta |
| ঠ | tha | ṭha | Th | Tha | tha |
| ড | da | ḍa | D | Da | da |
| ঢ | dha | ḍha | Dh | Dha | dha |
| ণ | na | ṇa | N | Na | 未定義 |
| ত | 'ta | ta | t | ta | 'ta |
| থ | 'tha | tha | th | tha | 'tha |
| দ | 'd | da | d | da | 'da |
| ধ | 'dha | dha | dh | dha | 'dha |
| ন | na | ṅa | n | na | na |
| প | pa | pa | p | pa | pa |
| ফ | pha | pha | ph/f | pha | pha |
| ব | ba | ba | b | ba | ba |
| ভ | bha | bha | bh/v | bha | bha |
| ম | ma | ma | m | ma | ma |
| য | ja | y | z | ya | ja |
| র | ra | ra | r | ra | ra |
| ল | la | la | l | la | la |
| শ | sha | sha | sh/S | sha | sha |
| ষ | sha | Sha | Sh | Sha | 未定義 |
| স | sa | sa | S | sa | sa |
| হ | tha | ha | h | ha | ha |
| ড় | rha | ṛ | R | - | rra |
| ঢ় | rha | ṛh | Rh | - | 未定義 |
| য় | y | ẏ | y | - | y |

#### 附加輔音


| বাংলা（英语：） | ISO 15919 | ITRANS | WX（英语：） |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | qa | qa | kZa |
|  | fa | fa | fZa |
|  | va | va | vZa |
|  | za | za | zZa |

示例
--

下表包括使用上述各種系統羅馬化的孟加拉語單詞示例。

單詞示例| 正字法 | 中文 | NLK（英语：） | ITRANS | HK | Wiki[原創研究？] | IPA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| মন | *思想* | mana | mana | mana | mon | [mon] |
| সাপ | *蛇* | sāpa | saapa | sApa | shap | [ʃap] |
| শাপ | *詛咒* | śāpa | shaapa | zApa | shap | [ʃap] |
| মত | *相似* | mata | mata | mata | môt | [mɔt] |
| মতো | *相似* | mato | mato | mato | moto | [mɔto] |
| তেল | *油* | tēla | tela | tela | tel | [tel] |
| গেল | *去* | gēla | gela | gela | gêlô | [ɡɛlɔ] |
| জ্বর | *發燒* | jvara | jvara | jvara | jôr | [dʒɔr] |
| ব্যঞ্জনধ্বনি | *輔音* | byañjanadhvani | bya~njanadhvani | byaJjanadhvani | bênjondhoni | [bɛndʒɔndʱoni] |
| স্বাস্থ্য | *健康* | svāsthya | svaasthya | svAsthya | shastho | [ʃastʰːo] |
| আত্মহত্যা | *自殺* | ātmahatyā | aatmahatyaa | AtmahatyA | attohotta | [atːohɔtːa] |
| বাংলাদেশ | *孟加拉國* | bāṃlādēśa | baa.mlaadesha | bAMlAdeza | Bangladesh | [baŋladeʃ] |
|

參考
--

1. ↑ . Sanskrit 3 – Learning transliteration. Gabriel Pradiipaka & Andrés Muni.  [20 November 2006]. （原始内容存档于12 February 2007）.
2. ↑ . Avinash Chopde.  [20 November 2006]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-23）.
3. ↑   (PDF). Indian Standard: Indian Script Code for Information Interchange — ISCII. Bureau of Indian Standards: 32. 1 April 1999  [20 November 2006]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-07-23）.
4. ↑  Jones 1801

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| * 
* 论
* 编
罗马化 |
| --- |
|  |
| 經由出版商(多種語文) | 
* ALA-LC羅馬化系統（英语：）
* BGN/PCGN羅馬化系統
* GOST 16876-71（英语：）
* 国际标准化组织拉丁化方案列表
* 耶魯拼音

 |
|  |
| 經由語文或書寫系統 | 
* 阿姆哈拉文拉丁化
* 阿拉伯語羅馬化
* 亞拉姆文拉丁化
* 亞美尼亞文拉丁化
* 孟加拉文拉丁化
* 柏柏爾文拉丁化（英语：）
* 緬文拉丁化（英语：）
* 汉字拉丁化
	+ 台灣的中文羅馬拼音
	+ 新加坡中文拉丁化（英语：）
* 粵語的拼音歷史
* 閩南語拉丁化
* 西里爾字母拉丁化（英语：）
	+ 烏克蘭語羅馬化
	+ 白俄羅斯语罗马化
	+ 保加利亞文拉丁化（英语：）
	+ 西里爾字母非正式拉丁化（英语：）
	+ 柯爾克孜文拉丁化（英语：）
	+ 馬其頓文拉丁化（英语：）
	+ 俄语罗马化
	+ 塞爾維亞文拉丁化（英语：）
	+ 烏克蘭文拉丁化（英语：）
* 喬治亞字母羅馬化
* 希臘文拉丁化（英语：）
* 希伯來拉丁化（英语：）
* 伊努克提圖特語拉丁化
* 日语罗马字
* 高棉语罗马化
* 朝鮮語拉丁化
* 老撾文拉丁化（英语：）
* 馬拉雅拉姆文拉丁化（英语：）
* 迪維西文拉丁化（英语：）
* 波斯語拉丁化
* 敘利亞文拉丁化
* 藏文字母拉丁化
* 泰盧固文拉丁化（英语：）
* 泰文拉丁化（英语：）
* 烏爾都文拉丁化（英语：）
* 拉丁维文
* 越南語拉丁化

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