「\*WIKIPEDIA\*」的 Code39 條碼 
**Code39**（也稱為**Alpha39**、**Code 3 of 9**、**Code3/9**、**Type 39**、**USS Code39**或**USD-3**）是 **ISO/IEC 16388:2007** 中定義的一種不固定長度的條碼。可以表示43个字元，包含大寫拉丁字母（A到Z）、数字（0到9）和幾個特殊字元（-、.、$，/、+、％與空格）。另有一個外加符號作為終止符號（標示為「\*」）。每个字元由九个部份组成：五條線與和四個空格，當中三個部份較寬（二進位1），六個較窄。窄与宽之间的比例并不重要，在1:2和1:3之間都可。

性質
--

Code39本身不包含校验位（与Code 128不同），但是由于单點错误不會對應到另一個有效的編碼，因此可以算是自我校驗碼。Code39的最严重缺点可能是其数据密度低，與Code 128相比需要更多空間。這表示小型商品不易使用Code39條碼。但是，某些郵政系統仍然使用Code39（尽管萬國郵政聯盟建议在所有情况下都使用Code 128  ）。Code39的幾個个优点是，只要增加條碼字體，就能夠用現有的印刷系統印出條碼，因為Code39不需要計算校驗位置。而且幾乎所有的條碼掃描器都能解碼。

歷史
--

Code39由Intermec（英语：）的David Allais（英语：）與Ray Stevens在1974年開發。原始设计是使用兩條粗線與一個寬空格來表示一個字元，總共可以表示40個符號。再保留其中一個作為開始與終止符號，剩下39個符號，這也是Code39的名稱来源。之後加入了四个标点符号，並排除粗線與三格寬的空格的編碼，將字元集扩展为43个字元。Code39被标准化为ANSI MH 10.8 M-1983和MIL-STD-1189。後者已被取消，并由ANSI/AIM BC1/1995〈Uniform Symbology Specification — Code39〉代替。

编码方式
----

下面显示的「\*」字元不是真正的可编码字元，而是開始與終止符號，其不对称性使阅读器可以确定所扫描条形码的方向。這個符號通常會對映到「\*」字元，並且會與條碼內容一起以人類可讀格式印出。 

 Code39的字元 
一般來說，兩條粗線的位置可以視為對數字1至10編碼；而宽空格的位置（具有四个可能）可视为将字元分为四組（从左到右）： 

1. 「字母（+30）」：U至Z
2. 「数字（+0）」：1至9與0
3. 「字母（+10）」：A至J
4. 「字母（+20）」：K至T

最後剩下的四个字元只由細線、三個寬空格與一格窄空格组成。窄空格有四個可能的位置。

例如，字母P（第16個字母）的粗線位置與數字6相同，寬空格則放在「字母（+20）」的位置。 

在表示数字时，0會用「數字（+0）」的「10」表示。另外因為「字母（+30）」组中只有六个字母（U至Z），因此该组中的其他四个位置（36至39）用於表示「-」、「.」、空格以及開始/終止符號。 

兩條粗線則用五個可能的位置使用五取二碼（英语：）（每一位分別表示1、2、4、7或0）表示1到10之间的数字。例如数字6被编码为「|▮▮||」，粗線位在2和4的位置（2+4=6）。而「||▮▮|」的數值為4+7=11表示數字0 。 在对（+10至+30）的字母进行编码时，算式需要添加「 -1」，因此字母「A」的編碼為「▮|| |▮」，對應的數值為1+10−1=10。 

下表是Code39的符號表。每個字元（除了開始/終止符號）的數值會在下節的校验演算法中使用。 

Code39 字元 (與校驗和)| 線條 | 寬空格 |
| --- | --- |
| || ||| | +0 | ||| || | +10 | |||| | | +20 | | |||| | +30 |
| ▮|||▮ | 1 | ▮| ||▮ | 1 | 1 | ▮|| |▮ | A | 10 | ▮||| ▮ | K | 20 | ▮ |||▮ | U | 30 |
| |▮||▮ | 2 | |▮ ||▮ | 2 | 2 | |▮| |▮ | B | 11 | |▮|| ▮ | L | 21 | | ▮||▮ | V | 31 |
| ▮▮||| | 3 | ▮▮ ||| | 3 | 3 | ▮▮| || | C | 12 | ▮▮|| | | M | 22 | ▮ ▮||| | W | 32 |
| ||▮|▮ | 4 | || ▮|▮ | 4 | 4 | ||▮ |▮ | D | 13 | ||▮| ▮ | N | 23 | | |▮|▮ | X | 33 |
| ▮|▮|| | 5 | ▮| ▮|| | 5 | 5 | ▮|▮ || | E | 14 | ▮|▮| | | O | 24 | ▮ |▮|| | Y | 34 |
| |▮▮|| | 6 | |▮ ▮|| | 6 | 6 | |▮▮ || | F | 15 | |▮▮| | | P | 25 | | ▮▮|| | Z | 35 |
| |||▮▮ | 7 | || |▮▮ | 7 | 7 | ||| ▮▮ | G | 16 | |||▮ ▮ | Q | 26 | | ||▮▮ | - | 36 |
| ▮||▮| | 8 | ▮| |▮| | 8 | 8 | ▮|| ▮| | H | 17 | ▮||▮ | | R | 27 | ▮ ||▮| |. | 37 |
| |▮|▮| | 9 | |▮ |▮| | 9 | 9 | |▮| ▮| | I | 18 | |▮|▮ | | S | 28 | | ▮|▮| | ␣ | 38 |
| ||▮▮| | 10 | || ▮▮| | 0 | 0 | ||▮ ▮| | J | 19 | ||▮▮ | | T | 29 | | |▮▮| | \* |  |
|  |
| ||||| |  | | | | || | $ | 39 | | | || | | / | 40 | | || | | | + | 41 | || | | | | % | 42 |

每個字元會用一個窄空格隔開。例如，字母「A」完整编码实际上會加上開始/終止符號，變成「\*A\*」，對應的條碼為「| |▮▮|▮|| |▮| |▮▮|」。只要没有这些空格，就无法正确读取條碼，因此條碼字體必須要包含這個窄空格。

Code39 mod 43
-------------

Code39有時會加上模43的校验位。這個功能需要在另外在讀取器中開啟。加上校验位的條碼称为*「Code39 mod 43」* 。 

每個字元都被分配到一個數值。可以參考上表。 

这是校验和的计算方法： 

* 計算條碼中所有字元（除了開始/終止符號）的數值總和
* 將結果除以43
* 餘數即為校验和字元的數值

完整的ASCII Code39
---------------

Code39僅能表示34個字元。在ASCII Code39中，0至9、A至Z、「.」、「,」以及空格的符號與Code39相同。小寫字母、其他標點符號和控制字元則由兩個Code39符號表示。 

編碼表| 數值 | 字元 | 編碼 | 數值 | 字元 | 編碼 | 數值 | 字元 | 編碼 | 數值 | 字元 | 編碼 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0 | NUL | %U | 32 | [space] | [space] | 64 | @ | %V | 96 | ` | %W |
| 1 | SOH | $A | 33 |  ! | /A | 65 | A | A | 97 | a | +A |
| 2 | STX | $B | 34 | "| /B | 66 | B | B | 98 | b | +B |
| 3 | ETX | $C | 35 | # | /C | 67 | C | C | 99 | c | +C |
| 4 | EOT | $D | 36 | $ | /D | 68 | D | D | 100 | d | +D |
| 5 | ENQ | $E | 37 |  % | /E | 69 | E | E | 101 | e | +E |
| 6 | ACK | $F | 38 | & | /F | 70 | F | F | 102 | f | +F |
| 7 | BEL | $G | 39 | ' | /G | 71 | G | G | 103 | g | +G |
| 8 | BS | $H | 40 | ( | /H | 72 | H | H | 104 | h | +H |
| 9 | HT | $I | 41 | ) | /I | 73 | I | I | 105 | i | +I |
| 10 | LF | $J | 42 | \* | /J | 74 | J | J | 106 | j | +J |
| 11 | VT | $K | 43 | + | /K | 75 | K | K | 107 | k | +K |
| 12 | FF | $L | 44 | , | /L | 76 | L | L | 108 | l | +L |
| 13 | CR | $M | 45 | - | - | 77 | M | M | 109 | m | +M |
| 14 | SO | $N | 46 |. |. | 78 | N | N | 110 | n | +N |
| 15 | SI | $O | 47 | / | /O | 79 | O | O | 111 | o | +O |
| 16 | DLE | $P | 48 | 0 | 0 | 80 | P | P | 112 | p | +P |
| 17 | DC1 | $Q | 49 | 1 | 1 | 81 | Q | Q | 113 | q | +Q |
| 18 | DC2 | $R | 50 | 2 | 2 | 82 | R | R | 114 | r | +R |
| 19 | DC3 | $S | 51 | 3 | 3 | 83 | S | S | 115 | s | +S |
| 20 | DC4 | $T | 52 | 4 | 4 | 84 | T | T | 116 | t | +T |
| 21 | NAK | $U | 53 | 5 | 5 | 85 | U | U | 117 | u | +U |
| 22 | SYN | $V | 54 | 6 | 6 | 86 | V | V | 118 | v | +V |
| 23 | ETB | $W | 55 | 7 | 7 | 87 | W | W | 119 | w | +W |
| 24 | CAN | $X | 56 | 8 | 8 | 88 | X | X | 120 | x | +X |
| 25 | EM | $Y | 57 | 9 | 9 | 89 | Y | Y | 121 | y | +Y |
| 26 | SUB | $Z | 58 |  : | /Z | 90 | Z | Z | 122 | z | +Z |
| 27 | ESC | %A | 59 |  ; | %F | 91 | [ | %K | 123 | { | %P |
| 28 | FS | %B | 60 | < | %G | 92 | \ | %L | 124 | | | %Q |
| 29 | GS | %C | 61 | = | %H | 93 | ] | %M | 125 | } | %R |
| 30 | RS | %D | 62 | > | %I | 94 | ^ | %N | 126 | ~ | %S |
| 31 | US | %E | 63 |  ? | %J | 95 | \_ | %O | 127 | DEL | %T, %X, %Y, %Z |

軟體
--

下列自由與開源的軟體可以產生Code39條碼： 

* GNUBarcode（页面存档备份，存于）
* gLabels（页面存档备份，存于）
* Libre Barcode Project （页面存档备份，存于）

参考文献
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1. ↑  As one example of an international standard, see  (PDF). Universal Postal Union. 28 October 2010. []
2. ↑ . Google Fonts.  [2019-05-20]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-20）.
3. ↑  Allais, D. C.  (PDF). 2006  [2010-06-02]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-01-26）.
4. ↑ . 1989-08-10  [2010-07-22]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-22）.
5. ↑ . 1997-06-19  [2011-04-06]. （原始内容存档于2011-09-27）.
6. ↑ . GNU Project. 19 February 2020  [2020-08-25]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-28）.

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| 

| * 
* 论
* 编
條碼 |
| --- |
|  |
| 一維條碼 | 
* AEI（英语：）
* Code 39
* Code 93（英语：）
* Code 128
* Codabar（英语：）
* 欧洲商品编码
* GS1 DataBar（英语：）
* ITF-14（英语：）
* Interleaved 2 of 5（英语：）
* MSI碼（英语：）
* Patch Code（英语：）
* Pharmacode（英语：）
* Plessey碼（英语：）
* Telepen（英语：）
* UPC

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| QR碼 | MaxiCode（英语：） |
|  |
| UPC-A |

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| 郵政條碼 | 
* CPC二進制條碼（英语：）
* 面對識別標誌（英语：）
* PostBar（英语：）
* POSTNET
* RM4SCC
* 智能郵件條碼（英语：）
* 郵政阿爾法數字編碼技術（英语：）

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|  |
| 二維條碼 | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| 堆疊 | 
* PDF417

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|  |
| 矩陣 | 
* Aztec Code
* 數據矩陣
* EZ碼（英语：）
* MaxiCode（英语：）
* QuickMark（英语：）
* QR碼
* 汉信码

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|  |
| 極坐標條碼 | 
* MaxiCode（英语：）
* ShotCode

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|  |
| 其他 | 
* 高容量彩色條碼（微軟標籤）

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|  |
| 技術問題 | 
* 條形碼閱讀器（英语：）
* 條形碼打印機

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|  |
| 其他數據標籤 | 
* RFID
* Bokode（英语：）

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|  |
| 相關主題 | 
* 供應鏈管理
* 超鏈接對象（英语：）
* 矩陣
* 手機標記（英语：）
* CueCat（英语：）

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