**桓石民**（4世纪—389年），譙國龍亢（今安徽懷遠）人。晉朝重要將領，桓彝之孫，桓豁之子，桓石虔之弟。其妻為謝安兄長謝奕的女兒謝道輝（謝道韞之妹）。桓石民歷任顯職，甚具名望，多番擊敗敵國。

生平
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### 年少知名

桓石民是大將桓豁之子，年幼時已經知名當世，受到衛將軍謝安的重用，以其為參軍。叔父桓沖上疏晉帝，推薦桓石民都督荊州、江州及豫州三州共十個郡的軍事，受任為振武將軍（《晉書·苻堅傳》中載為「振威桓石民」），領襄城太守，戍守夏口，並隨桓沖、兄長桓石虔及前將軍劉波等前往竟陵攻打苻堅屬下荊州刺史梁成等人。後來又與隨郡太守夏侯澄之於漳口大破苻堅部將慕容垂及姜成等，累功兼領譙國內史、梁郡太守。桓沖死後，朝廷下詔讓桓石民監領桓沖的職任，於是桓石民擔任荊州刺史、西中郎將，並領荊州軍事。由於譙國桓氏一族世代管理荊州，加上桓石民本人才德兼重，甚有人望，因此受到荊州士民的敬仰。

### 指揮有度

桓沖生前曾派遣竟陵太守趙統攻伐襄陽，桓石民繼任後繼續派兵助攻襄陽。後來苻堅於淝水之戰大敗，桓石民派遣南陽太守高茂率軍保衛晉室皇陵。苻堅軍隊雖然敗北，但依附於前秦的慕容垂等勢力卻乘機興盛起來，桓石民於是派遣將軍晏謙攻打弘農，令前秦東中郎將慕容夔投降。在桓石民指揮下，晉兵首度於湖、陝二地設置戍衛，得到一群來自關中表演擔幢雜技的藝人，令其擔任太樂。385年苻堅之子苻丕於河北僭稱帝號，又在386年密謀偷襲洛陽，桓石民乘機派遣將軍馮該攻討苻丕，成功於戰陣上將苻丕、左僕射王孚、吏部尚書苟操等人斬殺，更將他們的首級傳至帝都建康。

不久，丁零族翟遼蜂起，進軍侵逼晉室皇陵，桓石民派河南太守馮遵進行攻討；同時間乞活族黃淮自稱并州刺史，會合翟遼一起攻打長社，兩軍合共有數千人。桓石民再派南平太守郭銓、松滋太守王遐之進擊黃淮，成功斬殺黃淮，翟遼則敗走河北。桓石民多番指揮部屬擊敗敵國的入侵，前後累功進遷左將軍。

389年六月他卒於荊州刺史任上，沒有子嗣。朝廷派太原王氏的王忱接掌荊州，譙國桓氏因此失去最後一位擔任方鎮刺史的重要人物（也失去了最重要的州──荊州），頓時威勢大挫。

### 世系圖

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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 楚宣武帝桓温 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 万宁县贞男桓云 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 桓豁 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 桓祕 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 宣城宣穆王桓冲 |  |
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| 桓熙 |  | 桓济 |  | 临贺县王桓歆 |  | 富阳县王桓禕 |  | 义兴郡王桓伟 |  | 王敬弘妻 |  | 楚武悼帝桓玄 |  | 桓伯子 |  | 王愉妻 |  | 殷仲文妻 |  | 万宁县男桓序 |  |  |  |  |  | 作塘侯桓石虔 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 桓石秀 |  | 桓石民 |  | 桓石生 |  | 桓石绥 |  | 桓权 |  | 武陵郡王桓石康 |  | 桓女幼 |  | 醴陵县王桓蔚 |  | 桓嗣 |  | 新安郡王桓谦 |  | 安成郡王桓脩 |  | 桓崇 |  | 桓弘 |  | 桓羡 |  | 桓怡 |  |
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|  |  |  |  | 桓亮 |  |  |  |  |  | 义兴郡王桓濬 |  | 西昌县王桓邈 |  |  |  |  |  | 豫章郡王桓昇 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 宁都县王桓放之 |  | 桓洪 |  | 作塘侯桓诞 |  | 桓振 |  | 司马秀妻 |  | 臨沅縣王桓稚玉 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 宣城郡王桓胤 |  |  |  |  |  | 桓尹 |
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延伸阅读
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[在维基数据编辑]

维基文库中的相关文本： 《晉書·卷074》，出自房玄齡《晉書》

參考資料
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* 《資治通鑑》（卷一百三至一百五）
* 《晉書·桓石民傳》