甲烷，典型的碳族元素氢化物。
碳族元素氢化物是碳族元素（碳、硅、锗、锡、铅或鈇)与氢形成的化合物。

四氢化物
----

碳族元素的四氢化物，化学式XH4。其中，X为任意碳族元素。甲烷是典型的碳族元素氢化物，是一种温室气体。其他碳族元素的四氢化物都不稳定，且有毒。

与其他第2周期元素的氢化物（如：氨、水和氟化氢）不同，甲烷没有氢键。因此，它和其他碳族元素四氢化物较类似。

| 名称 | 化学式 | 结构 | 空间填充模型 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 甲烷 | CH4 |  |  |
| 甲硅烷 | SiH4 |  |  |
| 甲锗烷 | GeH4 |  |  |
| 锡烷 | SnH4 |  |  |
| 铅烷 | PbH4 |  |  |

六氢化物
----

这一系列的化合物的化学式为X2H6。乙烷可在天然气里发现。其他这一系列的化合物要比对应的四氢化物更不稳定。

| 名称 | 化学式 | 结构 | 分子模型 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 乙烷 | C2H6 |  |  |
| 乙硅烷 | Si2H6 |  |  |
| 乙锗烷 | Ge2H6 |  |  |
| 乙锡烷 | Sn2H6 |  |  |

更大的碳族元素氢化物
----------

饱和的碳族元素氢化物的化学式都是 X*n*H2*n*+2，和烷烃一样。

立方烷
条目：碳氢化合物
碳的氢化物非常多，有烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、有环的和有支链的。此外，碳的氢化物还可以有芳香性，如苯。它们是有机化学的核心 。

其他碳族元素形成的氢化物比较少。硅烷 （Si*n*H2*n*+2 ）其中，*n* = 1–8的化合物(热稳定性随 *n* 增加而减少)与 Si5H10（环戊硅烷）， Si6H12（环己硅烷）已被发现。它们都会自燃，化学性质很活泼。 不饱和的硅氢化合物，硅烯和硅炔，也被发现了。它们的第一个成员分别是乙硅烯和乙硅炔，与乙烯和乙炔一样。
前5个锗烷， Ge*n*H2*n*+2 （n=1至5）的化学性质与相应的硅烷接近。乙锡烷非常不稳定，而更长的锡烷仍未发现。铅烷在低温下仍会分解，科学家也没发现其他铅烷。

至少有两种不一样的碳族元素一起组成的氢化物也被发现了。当中，最著名的是四乙基铅。

参见
--

* 硼族元素的氢化物
* 氮族元素的氢化物
* 氧族元素的氢化物
* 碳族元素
* 氢化物

参考资料
----

1. ↑  Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 301.
2. ↑  Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 337.
3. ↑  Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 374.
4. ↑  Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 375.

参考书目
----

* Greenwood, Norman Neill; Earnshaw, Alan.. 2016. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9. OCLC 1040112384 （英语）.

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| * 
* 论
* 编
**氢化物** |
| --- |
|  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| H2 |  |  |  | HeH+ |
| LiH | BeH2 | 硼族元素BH3B2H6其它 | 碳族元素CH4其它 | 氮族元素NH3N2H4 | 氧族元素H2OH2O2 | 卤素HF | NeH+ |
| NaH | MgH2 | AlH3Al2H6 | SiH4Si2H6其他 | PH3P2H4P2H2 | H2SH2S2 | HCl | ArH+ |
| KH | CaH2 | ScH2ScH3 | TiH2TiH4 | V | CrH（英语：）CrH2（英语：） | Mn | FeHFeH2其它 | CoHCoH2 | NiH2 | CuH | ZnH2 | GaH3Ga2H6 | GeH4Ge2H6 | AsH3As2H4 | H2Se | HBr | KrH+（英语：） |
| RbH | SrH2 | YH3 | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | RhH2 | Pd | Ag | CdH2 | InH3 | SnH4 | SbH3 | H2Te | HI | XeH+（英语：） |
| CsH | BaH2 | 镧系 | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | HgH | TlH3 | PbH4 | BiH3 | PoH2 | HAt | Rn |
| Fr | Ra | 锕系 | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
|  |  | ↓ |  |  |
| 镧系 | LaH2LaH3LaH10 | Ce | Pr | NdH2NdH3 | Pm | Sm | EuH2 | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | YbH2 | Lu |
| 锕系 | Ac | ThH4 | PaH3 | UH3UH4 | Np | PuH2PuH3 | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr |

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