**二硫化钼**是一种由钼和硫两种元素组成的化合物，化学式为**MoS2**。这种化合物属于过渡金属二硫族化合物，它有银黑色光泽，在自然界中以辉钼矿的形式存在，**辉钼矿**是最常见的含钼元素矿石。二硫化钼晶体通常情况下以粉末形式存在，它不溶于稀酸也不易被氧化。从外表上来看，二硫化钼和石墨很像，以其低摩擦系数和高坚固性常被用作固体润滑剂。块状二硫化钼固体是一种和硅类似的抗磁性间接带隙半导体，能带间隙为1.23eV。结晶粉末。

性质
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### 物理性质

#### 结构特点

所有的二硫化钼晶体都是层状晶体，两层硫原子平面之间夹着一层钼原子平面，这构成了单层二硫化钼平面，块状二硫化钼是由单层二硫化钼平面堆叠而成，层间通过范德华力相连。

二硫化钼晶体在自然界中有两种结构，分别属于六方晶体（2H-MoS2）和三方晶体（3R-MoS2）。另外还有一种亚稳态晶相（1T-MoS2）属于四方晶系。

#### 力学性质

由于上述的层状结构以及低摩擦系数，二硫化钼是一种很好的润滑剂材料。当剪应力施加于材料上时，二硫化钼会通过层间的滑动耗散掉能量。

### 化学性质

二硫化钼不溶于水、稀酸和浓硫酸，一般不溶于其他酸、碱、有机溶剂中，但溶于热硫酸。400 °C缓慢发生氧化，生成三氧化钼。

2 MoS2 + 7 O2 → 2 MoO3 + 4 SO2
可以用钛铁试剂来检验生成的三氧化钼，首先将产物用氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液处理（原理是将三氧化钼转化为钼酸盐），然后滴加钛铁试剂溶液，会和生成的钼酸钠或钼酸钾反应，产生金黄色溶液。这种方法很灵敏，微量的钼酸盐都能被检测出来。而如果没有三氧化钼生成，溶液就不会产生金黄色，因为二硫化钼不和氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液反应。

二硫化钼加热可以和氯气反应，生成五氯化钼：

2 MoS2 + 7 Cl2 → 2 MoCl5 + 2 S2Cl2
二硫化钼和烷基锂在控制下反应，形成嵌入化合物（夹层化合物）LixMoS2。如果和丁基锂反应，那么产物为LiMoS2。

制备
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1. 辉钼精矿用盐酸和氢氟酸在直接蒸汽加热下，反复搅拌处理，用热水洗涤、离心、干燥、粉碎，可制得。
2. 钼酸铵溶液中通入硫化氢气体，生成硫代钼酸铵。加盐酸转变为三硫化钼沉淀，后离心、洗涤、干燥、粉碎。最后加热至950°C脱硫可制得。

{\displaystyle {\rm {\ (NH\_{4})\_{2}MoO\_{4}+4H\_{2}S\rightarrow (NH\_{4})\_{2}MoS\_{4}+4H\_{2}O}}}
{\displaystyle {\rm {\ (NH\_{4})\_{2}MoS\_{4}+2HCl\rightarrow MoS\_{3}+2NH\_{4}Cl+H\_{2}S\uparrow }}}
{\displaystyle {\rm {\ MoS\_{3}\rightarrow MoS\_{2}+S}}}

用途
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因其內部范氏力較低，二硫化钼具有良好的润滑性，抗压耐磨，可作固体润滑剂，用于高速、重负荷、高温、高真空及有化学腐蚀等工作条件运转的设备。

参考资料
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1. 1 2  Pradeep L. MenezesPradeep K. RohatgiEmad Omrani (编).. 2018: 20  [2021-05-18]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-18） （英国英语）.  （页面存档备份，存于）
2. ↑  Kobayashi, Katsuyoshi; Yamauchi, Jun.. Physical Review B. 1995-06-15, **51** (23): 17085–17095. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.51.17085.
3. 1 2  Chui Ying San.  (PDF). CityU Theses Online.  [2021-05-18]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-05-18）.  （页面存档备份，存于）

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* 论
* 编
**钼化合物** |
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|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| H2MoO4 |  |  |  | He |
| Li2MoO4 | Be | B | Mo(CO)6Mo2C | (NH4)2MoO4(NH4)6Mo7O24(NH4)2MoS4MoO2(NO3)2 | MoOMo2O3MoO2Mo2O5MoO3 | MoF3MoF4MoF5MoF6 | Ne |
| Na2MoO4 | MgMo4 | Al | MoSi2 | MoPH3PMo12O40(NH4)3PMo12O40 | MoS2MoS3 | MoCl2MoCl3MoCl4MoCl5MoCl6MoOCl4MoO2Cl2 | Ar |
| K2MoO4K2MoS4K4Mo2Cl8K4Mo(CN)8 | CaMoO4 | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | MnMoO4 | FeMoO4 | CoMoO4 | NiMoO4 | Cu | ZnMoO4 | Ga | Ge | MoAs2 | MoSe2 | MoBr2MoBr3MoBr4 | Kr |
| Rb2Mo4 | Sr | Y2(MoO4)3 | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag2MoO4 | CdMoO4 | In | Sn | Sb | Te | MoI2MoI3 | Xe |
| Cs2MoO4 | BaMoO4 | 镧系 | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | PbMoO4 | Bi2(MoO4)3 | Po | At | Rn |
| Fr | Ra | 锕系 | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
|  |  | ↓ |  |  |
| 镧系 | La2(MoO4)3 | Ce | Pr2(MoO4)3 | Nd2(MoO4)3 | Pm | Sm2(MoO4)3 | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu2(MoO4)3 |
| 锕系 | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr |

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| 钼的有机化合物及有机酸盐
((CH3CO)2CH)2MoO2 · Mo2(O2CCH3)4 · (Mo(Me3CO)3)2 · (Cp)2MoH2 · (Cp)2MoCl2 · C9H12Mo(CO)3 · ((Cp)Mo(CO)3)2 · (N(CH3)3CH2CH2OH)2MoS4 |

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