recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Niáu-chhí sîn-keng-gôan, le̍k-sek sī GFP ē piáu-hiān.
**Le̍k-sek êng-kng nn̄g-pe̍h-chit**, Eng-gí **green fluorescent protein**, kán-siá **GFP**, sī chi̍t-khóan nn̄g-pe̍h-chit, ū 238-ê an-ki-sng, chit-liōng 26.9 kDa. GFP chi̍t khai-sí sī tùi ha̍k-miâ *Aequorea victoria* ê chúi-bó hun-lî chhut-lâi, chit khóan chúi-bó tī nâ-sek kng-sòaⁿ ē-kha ē hoat le̍k-sek ê êng-kng.

Chè-chō GFP ê ki-in ē-tàng chò ki-in piáu-ta̍t ê pò-tō ki-in (*reporter gene*). tī hiān-chāi ê sè-pau seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ia̍h hun-chú seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê gián-kiù lāi-té ū chin-chē èng-iōng. 2008 nî, Martin Chalfie, Osamu Shimomura kap Roger Y. Tsien in-ūi tùi GFP ê hoat-hiān chham gián-kiù, tit tio̍h Nobel Hòa-ha̍k Chióng.

Chham-khó bûn-hiàn
------------------

1. ↑  Prendergast F, Mann K (1978). "Chemical and physical properties of aequorin and the green fluorescent protein isolated from Aequorea forskålea". *Biochemistry*. **17** (17): 3448–53. doi:10.1021/bi00610a004. PMID 28749.
2. ↑  Tsien R (1998). "The green fluorescent protein" (PDF). *Annu Rev Biochem*. **67**: 509–44. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.509. PMID 9759496.
3. ↑  Phillips G (2001). "Green fluorescent protein--a bright idea for the study of bacterial protein localization". *FEMS Microbiol Lett*. **204** (1): 9–18. doi:10.1016/S0378-1097(01)00358-5. PMID 11682170.

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Green fluorescent proteins*** |
| ?Bryde ê Hái-ang |
| --- |
|
|  |
|  | Kap lâng phēng toā-sè |
|
|
| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |
| 

|
|  |
|
|
| Kài: | Animalia |
|
|
|
|
|
| Mn̂g: | Chordata |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kong: | Mammalia |
| A-kong: | Eutheria |
|
|
|
|
| Bo̍k: | Cetacea |
| A-bo̍k: | Mysticeti |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kho: | Balaenoptiidae |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sio̍k: | *Balaenoptera* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chéng: | ***B. brydei******B. edeni*** |
|

 |
| Ha̍k-miâ |
| ***Balaenoptera brydei***Olsen, 1913 |
|
|
|
|
| Seⁿ-thoàⁿ tē-tô͘ |

**Bryde ê Hái-ang** sī Balaenopteridae kho lāi-bīn liáu-kái siōng chhián ê chhiu-keng. In ê te̍k-cheng phēng kî-thaⁿ ê chhiu-keng khah te̍k-pia̍t. In ê sin-khu pí-kàu khah sè, chiah 25 kong-tùn tāng nā-tiāⁿ. Kî-thaⁿ kāng kho ê hái-ang kah-ì oá ke̍k-tē ê hân-tāi hái-he̍k, in soah khah hèng toà un-tāi, jia̍t-tāi oa̍h-tōng. In khah chia̍p oá hái-hoāⁿ, khah bô tī goā-hái cháu-chông. Sui-jiân in ū chhiu-keng te̍k-iú ê keng-chhiu, in ê chia̍h-mi̍h chha-put-to lóng sī hî-á, m̄ sī sió seng-bu̍t.

Hun-lūi
-------

Ū 2 chióng:

* **É Bryde ê Hái-ang** (mā hō-chò **Eden ê Hái-ang**, *B. edeni*)
* **Bryde ê Hái-ang** (*B. brydei*)

Chham-khó chu-liāu
------------------

* IUCN
**"Khoàⁿ hō͘ hó! Sè-kài!"**(Koaⁿ-ōe: 看好了世界) sī chi̍t kù bāng-lō͘ liû-hêng-gí. Che sī tùit chi̍t tiâu siá tī 2021 nî 5 goe̍h 15 ji̍t--ê thui (tweet) lâi--ê, khí-thâu sī "Khoàⁿ hō͘ hó! Sè-kài!", siá kóng Tâi-oân-lâng kan-ta tián-sī chi̍t-kái hō͘ sè-kài khoàⁿ, tī 2 lé-pài lāi kā e̍k-chêng kéng-kài kàng kàu tē 2 kip. Hit tang-chun Tâi-oân po̍k-hoat giâm-tiōng te̍k-sû thoân-jiám-sèng hì-iām ê kûn-thé kám-jiám (cluster infection). Tān-sī, chē bô hiān-si̍t, tì-kàu bo̍k-piau lo̍h-bóe bô si̍t-hiān. In-chhú, ū-lâng kā khau-sé. It-ti̍t kàu 2021 nî 7 goe̍h 27 ji̍t, kéng-kài chiah kàng kàu tē 2 kip.

Chù-kha
-------

1. ↑  Lô Ûn (羅勻) (2021-05-16). "台灣人推特21字霸氣宣言「看好了世界」　引爆萬人病毒式瘋傳". Kiàⁿ Thoân-mûi (鏡傳媒). 2021-08-28 khòaⁿ--ê.
2. ↑  Ngô͘ Giân (吳妍) (2021-07-08). "防疫3金句淪今年最大笑話　「看好了世界」只排第二". Kiàⁿ Thoân-mûi (鏡傳媒). 2021-08-28 khòaⁿ--ê.
3. ↑  "指揮中心自7月27日至8月9日調降疫情警戒標準至第二級，請民眾持續配合防疫措施，守護彼此健康". Ōe-seng Hok-lī-pō͘ Chi̍t-pēⁿ Koán-chè-sú(衛生福利部疾病管制署). 2021-07-23. 2021-08-28 khòaⁿ--ê.
**Tē-gō͘ Kiōng-hô-kok** (第五共和國) sī Tāi-hân Bîn-kok le̍k-sú-siōng ê chèng-koân. 1979 nî 10 goe̍h 26 hō, Hân-kok chóng-thóng Phok Chèng-hi pī àm-sat sin-bông liáu-āu, sî-jim chóng-lí Chhui Kui-hā kè-jīm chóng-thóng, bô-goā-kú kok-kun pó-an su-lēng-koaⁿ Choân Tó͘-hoàn siáu-chiòng hoat-tōng 12·12 kun-sū poān-loān, choân-bīn chiáng-ak kok-ka ê kun-chèng tāi-koân, Chhui Kui-hā lo̍h-bóe pī pek lo̍h-tâi, Hân-kok chìn-ji̍p Tē-5 Kiōng-hô-kok sî-kî, Choân Tó͘-hoàn tián-khui i kīn-oá 8 tang ê to̍k-chhâi thóng-tī.

1987 nî 6 goe̍h, Hân-kok po̍k-hoat toā kui-bô͘ ê **La̍k-goe̍h bîn-chú ūn-tōng**. Sū-āu bô-goā-kú sî-jīm chóng-thóng Choân Tó͘-hoàn ê chiap-pan-jîn kiam chóng-thóng hāu-soán-jîn Lô͘ Thài-gû tī kāng-nî ê 6 goe̍h 29 hō soan-pò͘ sek-hòng só͘-ū chèng-tī ī-kiàn jîn-sū, pau-hâm hoán-tùi-tóng léng-siù Kim Tāi-tiong téng-téng. Lô͘ Thài-gû kāng-sî soan-pò͘ kí-hêng kong-bîn tâu-phiò siu-kái hiàn-hoat, khoe-ho̍k chóng-thóng kap kok-hōe ê ti̍t-chiap soán-kí. 10 goe̍h 27 hō, Hân-kok Kok-hōe thong-kòe sin hiàn-hoat, kiàn-li̍p Tē-6 Kiōng-hô-kok. 12 goe̍h 19 hō, Lô͘ Thài-gû chiâⁿ-chò Hân-kok chin-chiàⁿ ì-gī-siōng tē-it ūi bîn-soán chóng-thóng. La̍k-goe̍h bîn-chú ūn-tōng pī khoàⁿ-chò sī Hân-kok bîn-chú hoat-tián ê tiōng-iàu lō͘-chām-pi. 1988 nî 2 goe̍h 25 hō, Lô͘ Thài-gû chèng-sek chiap-thè Choân Tó͘-hoàn chhut-jīm tē-13 jīm Tāi-hân Bîn-kok Chóng-thóng, Tē-5 Kiōng-hô-kok kiat-sok, kāng-sî iā kiat-sok Hân-kok oá 40 tang ê kun-sū to̍k-chhâi thóng-tī. Tē-6 Kiōng-hô-kok sêng-li̍p, Hân-kok chèng-sek tián-khui bîn-chú-hoà sî-kî.

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

| * hián
* lūn
* pian
Tāi-hân Bîn-kok ê le̍k-sú |
| --- |
|  |
| Tāi-hân Bîn-kok Lîm-sî Chèng-hú - Bí Kun-chèng-thaiⁿ - Tē-1 Kiōng-hô-kok - Tē-2 Kiōng-hô-kok (Kok-ka Chài-kiàn Chòe-ko Hōe-gī) - Tē-3 Kiōng-hô-kok - Tē-4 Kiōng-hô-kok - Tē-5 Kiōng-hô-kok - Tē-6 Kiōng-hô-kok |  |

 |
Au-chiu ê kî: chit bīn kî-á kāng-sî hō͘ Au-chiu Phêng-gī-hoê kap Au-chiu Liân-bêng teh sú-iōng.
**Au-chiu Phêng-gī-hoē** (Eng-gí: *Council of Europe*, Hoat-gí: *Conseil de l'Europe* /kɔ̃ˈsɛj.də.lˈœʁɔp/, Tek-gí: *Europarat* /ɔɪ.ˈʁoː.pʰaˌʁaːtʰ/) sī 1 ê ū 47 ê hoē-oân kok ê Au-chiu kok-chè cho͘-chit. I ū sêng-kong tī 1950 nî chè-tēng Au-chiu Jîn-koân Kong-iok (*European Convention on Human Rights*), chit-ê kong-iok tī āu--lâi chiâⁿ-chò Au-chiu Jîn-koân Hoat-īⁿ (*European Court of Human Rights*) ê ki-chhó͘.

I ê chóng-pō͘ tī Hoat-kok ê Strasbourg, oá Hoat-kok kap Tek-kok ê kau-kài. Pún-té in khui-hoē ê só͘-chāi sī Strasbourg Tāi-ha̍k--ni̍h hō-chò "University Palace" ê toā-lâu, chū 1977 nî in tō lóng tiàm lī chhī-tiong-sim iok-kî-lio̍k 2 kong-lí ê Au-chiu Tiān-tông (*Palais de l'Europe*) chū-hoē kap pān-kong--a.

Au-chiu Phêng-gī-hoē hoan-gêng Au-chiu ê bîn-chú kok-ka ka-ji̍p, beh chò i ê hoē-oân, tio̍h chiap-siū hoat-tī ê goân-chek, khak-si̍t-tek pó-chiòng ki-pún ê jîn-koân kap kong-bîn ê chū-iû.

Au-chiu Phêng-gī-hoē kap Au-chiu Liân-bêng Lí-sū-hoē (*Council of the European Union*) iah Au-chiu Lí-sū-hoē(*European Council*) sī bô-kâng ê ki-kò͘, i pēng bô hù-sio̍k tī Au-chiu Liân-bêng ê ē-kha.

Chhiáⁿ chham-khó
----------------

* Au-chiu Liân-bêng
* Au-chiu An-choân kap Ha̍p-chok Cho͘-chit (*Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe*)

Pa̍t-ê bāng-ia̍h
----------------

* Au-chiu Phêng-gī-hoē - Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām
N̂g-lêng-kî
**N̂g-lêng-kî** sī Chheng-kok 1888 nî í-āu iōng ê kok-kî.

Pōe-kéng
--------

Siōng-chá Tiong-kok bô kok-kî ê kài-liām, m̄-koh àn-chiàu hit-tang-chūn ê kok-chè si̍p-koàn, nā chûn bô kòa kok-kî tio̍h ē hőng tòng-chò sī hái-chha̍t, só͘-í Tiong-kok-lâng tio̍h tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kòa gōa-kok kok-kî lâi bō͘-e̍k, chō-sêng chi̍t-kóa gō͘-hōe, tio̍h put-sî ū gōa-kok tāi-sài kiàn-gī Chheng-kok mā ka-kī chè-tēng chi̍t-ê kok-kî, hong-piān in chai-iáⁿ he sī tó-ūi lâi ê chûn, mā hong-piānTiong-kok-lâng chò seng-ì.

Le̍k-sú
-------

### Saⁿ-kak N̂g-lêng-kî

Saⁿ-kak N̂g-lêng-kî
1862 nî khai-sí, Chheng-kok chè-tēng saⁿ-kak-hêng ê kî-á lâi khǹg tī koaⁿ-chûn téng-koân, m̄-koh chèng-hú iá-sī bô kā i tòng-chò sī kok-kî.

### Tn̂g-ko-hêng N̂g-lêng-kî

1881 nî, Chheng-kok hoat-hiān tio̍h pat-ê kok-ka lóng-sī iōng tn̂g-ko-hêng ê kî-á, soah kā Saⁿ-kak N̂g-lêng-kî kái-chò tn̂g-ko-hêng.

Chheng-kok koaⁿ-oân tī gōa-kok ê sî, khòaⁿ-tio̍h pa̍t-ê kok-ka lóng ū ka-kī ê kî-á, kan-na Chheng-kok bô mi̍h-kiāⁿ thang kòa, tio̍h chhiáⁿ Chû-hi Thài-hiō chè-tēng kok-kî, siōng-bóe i soán-te̍k N̂g-lêng-kî chò Chheng-kok kok-kî, pēng-chhiáⁿ soaⁿ-po͘ tùi Kong-sū 14 nî (1888 nî) khai-sí, N̂g-lêng-kî chiâⁿ-chò Tāi-chheng kok-kî.
**Kàu-hōe kap Kok-ka ê hun-lī** (Eng-gí: *separation of church and state*), thoân-thóng ê hoan-e̍k sī **chèng-kàu hun-lī** (政教分離), sī chong-kàu cho͘-chit (*religious organizations*) kap kok-ka ê koân-le̍k hō͘-siong pun--khui ê chèng-tī hêng-thài. Chèng-kàu hun-lī sī hiān-tāi chèng-tī-ha̍k ê chi̍t hāng goân-chek, goân-chū Au-chiu chiām-chiām pái-thoat chong-kàu khòng-chè ê kho-ha̍k kek-bēng, khé-bông ūn-tōng, bûn-gē-ho̍k-heng kap chong-kàu kái-kek, peng-chhiáⁿ chiâⁿ-chò Au-bí chèng-tī ha̍k-soat ê chú-liû koan-tiám. Hiān-tāi siā-hōe ê chhu-sè sī hiòng sè-sio̍k-chú-gī ê hong-hiòng lâi hoat-tián, in-chhú tì-sú chong-kàu kap chèng-tī ê sè-le̍k bô hō͘-siong kau-chhap, chèng-tī chòe-āu koat-tēng bô-ài siū-tio̍h chong-kàu ê éng-hióng. Chèng-kàu hun-lī ê che-tō͘ tùi pó-chiòng chong-kàu chū-iû ū it-tēng thêng-tō͘ ê pang-chō, khak-pó bô-kāng chong-kàu ē-ēng ū sìn-gióng chū-iû ê khong-kan.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  Chu-chúPek-ka |
| --- |
|  |
| Jû-ka |
|  |
| Tō-ka |
|  |
| Hoat-ka |
|  |
| Be̍k-ka |
|  |
| Bêng-ka |
|  |
| Im-iông-ka |
|  |
| Chhiòng-hêng-ka |
|  |
| Cha̍p-ka |
|  |
| Lông-ka |
|  |
| Sió-soat-ka |
|  |
| Peng-ka |
|  |
| * hián
* lūn
* pian
 |

 |

**Bêng-ka** (名家) sī Tiong-kok Chiàn-kok sî-tāi ê Chu-chú Pek-ka chi-it. Bêng-ka ê jîn-bu̍t tī kó͘-chá sî-tāi sī "piān-chiá" chhut-miâ. Piān-chiá ēng "si̍t" (實) kap "bêng" (名) lâi chhián-su̍t koan-tiám, hêng-sêng chi̍t-thò lô-chek lí-lūn. Che sī Tiong-kok lô-chek-ha̍k ê ki-chhó͘. Tī Su-má Tâm ê *Lūn Lio̍k-ka Iàu-chí* kap Pan Kò͘ ê *Hàn-su* *Gē-bûn-chì* lāi lóng ū kóng tio̍h Bêng-ka. Bêng-ka ê tāi-piáu jîn-bu̍t ū Kong-sun Liông, Sòng Kian, Ún Bûn, Tēng Sek kap Hūi Si.
**Minions** (ing-gú: Minions /ˈmɪnjənz/; **kóo-tsui [en] kha-á**) sī tsi̍t-tsióng hi-kòo ê n̂g-sik sing-bu̍t, tshut-hēn teh Illumination [en] kong-si ê "Despicable Me [en]" hē-lia̍t tang-tiong. Minions ê ti̍k-tiám sī in gín-á-khì ê hîng-uî kah in-ê gú-giân, tse teh tsiâñ-tuā thîng-tōo siōng sī tsiàñ-phài lí-kái ê.

Minions sī Illumination ê kuann-hong kiat-siông-bu̍t [en], tsū 2013-nî siu-kòo [en] Illumination ê bú-kong-si NBCUniversal [en] í-lâi, "The New York Times" mā kā-i biâu-su̍t uî Comcast [en] ê "khì-gia̍p ngóo-siōng"; luī-sū Walt Disney kong-si ě Mickey Mouse, Warner Bros. Discovery kong-si [en] ê Bugs Bunny, Paramount Global kong-si [en] ê SpongeBob SquarePants (kak-sik) [en], hi̍k-tsiá Universal Pictures [en] ê Woody tok-tshiū-tsiáu [en].

Kevin, Stuart, hām Bob sī ta̍k-ke siōng si̍k-sāi ê sann-ê minion, In teh tiān-iáñ Minions (tiān-iáⁿ) [en] (2015) kah sio̍k-tsi̍p Minions: Gru ê ku̍t-khí [en] (2022) lāi-té tshut-én bîng-tsheñ. Tsiâñ-tsē kî-thañ ê Millions teh tēn-iáñ kah ti̍k-hú king-îng ê kî-thañ muî-thé lāi-té lóng hông kóng-tio̍h. Millions sī-iû kè-su̍t tsóng-kàm Eric Guillon sóo tshòng-tsok ê, Eric Guillon mā pat tsham-ú kuè kui-poow Illumination [en] kong-si ê tēn-iáñ.

Tsù-sik
-------

1. ↑  On occasion, there have been some times where Minions speak certain languages. In *Despicable Me 2*, two Minions toast with a common Japanese saying. (Eng-gí)

Tsù-kái
-------

1. ↑  "Want To Learn Minion Language? Here's A List Of Minion Words And Their English Translations". Tech Times. goân-loē-iông tī November 8, 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. 2020-07-23 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)

Tsham-ua̍t
----------

* Hia̍p-chàu-khek (Hia̍p-tsàu-khik/Concerto)
* Hái-pò (poster)
* Ki-hāi thoân-tōng (ki-hāi thuân-tōng/car suspension）
* M60 tank(M60 tsèn-tshia)
* CBS [en]

Guā-pōo lên-ket
---------------

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Minions*** |

* Minions Kung fu Dance Dojo (Eng-gí)
* Here's How They Created Minionese, the Language of the Minions (Eng-gí)
* The Subtle Genius of Minionese | Mental Floss (Eng-gí)
* Rare language services (Eng-gí)
* Minionese,Language of the Minions: Origin, Vocabulary and Grammar (Eng-gí)
**Yamaguti Kinzi** (山口謹爾; 1883 nî 4 goe̍h 17 ji̍t – 1931 nî 1 goe̍h 27 ji̍t) sī Tâi-oân ê i-ha̍k-chiá, te̍k-pia̍t choan-bûn tī chôa-to̍k ê tiòng-to̍k kiam hiat-chheng gián-kiù.

Lâi-le̍k
--------

I sī Nagasaki koān chhut-sin--ê, 1904 nî tùi Nagasaki I-ha̍k Choan-bûn Ha̍k-hāu chut-gia̍p, āu--lâi chò lio̍k-kun kun-i. Lî-khui kun-tūi liáu-āu, tī Nagasaki chò i-choan kiam sè-kún kiám-cha-só͘ ê cho͘-chhiú. 1913 nî 7 goe̍h 5 ji̍t, i khai-sí chò Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Gián-kiù-só͘ (1921 nî kái Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-só͘) ê ki-su. 1922 nî 10 goe̍h i kòe Au-chiu chò gián-kiù, 1923 nî tit tio̍h i-ha̍k phok-sū ha̍k-ūi.

Tû-liáu i-ha̍k sū-gia̍p, i ia̍h pat ōe Se-iûⁿ-ōe *Chēng-bu̍t* (靜物) ji̍p-soán tē-1-hôe ê Tâi-oân Bí-su̍t Tián-lám-hōe.

Chham-chiàu
-----------

1. 1 2  内閣 (1931-06-27). 故台湾総督府中央研究所技師山口謹爾勲章加授ノ件 (Report). 2017-06-25 khòaⁿ--ê – via 国立公文書館.
2. 1 2  小林準一 (1931-02-28). "畏友山口謹爾君を憶ふ". *臺灣公衆醫事雜誌*. 臺灣公衆醫事雜誌社. **4** (2).
3. ↑  臺灣日本畫協會, pian. (1928). *第一回臺灣美術展覽會圖錄*. 臺灣日本畫協會.
Saⁿ-kak hâm-sò͘: 
chèng-hiân, 
û-hiân, 
chèng-chhiat, 
û-kat, 
chèng-kat, 
û-chhiat
**Saⁿ-kak hâm-sò͘** (三角函數) sī tī sò͘-ha̍k tiong chia̍p-chia̍p sú-iōng ê chi̍t chióng koan-î kak-tō͘ ê hâm-sò͘. Saⁿ-kak hâm-sò͘ tī saⁿ-kak-hêng kap îⁿ-hêng ê kí-hô sèng-chit ê gián-kiù tiong, ū chin tiōng-iàu ê chok-iōng; lēng-gōa iā sī teh gián-kiù chiu-kî hâm-sò͘ ê ki-chhó sò͘-ha̍k kang-khū. Tī sò͘-ha̍k hun-sek lāi-bīn, saⁿ-kak hâm-sò͘ iā pī tēng-gī chò bû-kiông kip-sò͘ ia̍h-sī te̍k-tēng ê bî-hun hong-têng-sek ê kái.

Chia̍p-khoàⁿ ê saⁿ-kak hâm-sò͘ ū chèng-hiân, û-hiân kap chèng-chhiat. Tī hâng-hái-ha̍k, chhek-hōe-ha̍k kap kang-têng-ha̍k téng-téng kî-thaⁿ ha̍k-kho tiong, iā ē sú-iōng tio̍h û-chhiat, chèng-kat kap û-kat téng-téng saⁿ-kak hâm-sò͘. Bô-kāng ê saⁿ-kak hâm-sò͘ chi-kan ē-ēng lī-iōng kí-hô tit-koan ia̍h-sī kè-sǹg lâi tit-tio̍h, chia-ê koan-hē-sek hō-chò saⁿ-kak hêng-téng-sek.
|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kinai | Tôkaidô | Tôsandô | Hokurikudô |
| San'indô | San'yôdô | Nankaidô | Saikaidô |

**Goki sititô** (Hàn-jī: 五畿七道; Kana: ごきしちどう; *goki shichitō*) ia̍h **Ngó͘-ki chhit-tō**, sī kó͘-chá Ji̍t-pún tī lu̍t-lēng-chè hā ê kok-thó͘ ōe-hun. **Goki** (五畿, *Ngó͘-ki*) sī keng-ki khu-he̍k lāi ê 5-kok, koh hō-chò Kinai (畿內 *Ki-lōe*) he̍k Gokinai (五畿內). Tī keng-ki goā-kháu ê Ji̍t-pún kok-thó͘ o̍h Tiong-kok Tông-tiâu ê chè-tō͘, ōe-hun sêng **sititô** (七道, *chhit-tō*). Sititô chi-kan ū tairo (大路 *tāi-lō͘* ), tyûro (中路 *tiong-lō͘*) kap syôro (小路 *siáu-lō͘*) ê hun-pia̍t, toā-sè ê hun-pia̍t mā tāi-piáu tio̍h tē-hng hoân-êng ê thêng-tō͘. Goki sititô ê chè-tō͘ thiaⁿ-kóng sī tī Tenmu Thian-hông chāi-ūi sî-tāi só͘ khak-li̍p ê.

Lēng-goā, Hokkaidô goân-pún sī Ezoti (蝦夷地 *Hê-î-tē*), pēng-bô sio̍k-î chāi Goki sititô lāi; lo̍h-bóe tī Bêng-tī Î-sin liáu-āu chiah ka-ji̍p, hō-chò **Goki Hatidô** (五畿八道).

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

| * hián
* lūn
* pian
Lēng-chè-kok |
| --- |
|  |
| Kinai | Yamasiro | Yamato(Yosino-kàm)| Kawati | Izumi | Settu |
|  |
| Tôkaidô | Iga | Ise | Sima | Owari | Mikawa | Tôtômi | Suruga | Izu | Kai | Sagami | Musasi | Awa | Kazusa | Simôsa | Hitati |
|  |
| Tôsandô | Ômi | Mino | Hida | Sinano(Suwa)| Kôzuke | Simotuke | Mutu (Iwaki, Iwase / Rikutyû, Rikuzen, Iwaki, Iwasiro)| Dewa(Uzen, Ugo) |
|  |
| Hokurikudô | Wakasa | Etizen | Kaga | Noto | Ettyû | Etigo | Sado |
|  |
| San'indô | Tanba | Tango | Tazima | Inaba | Hôki | Izumo | Iwami | Oki |
|  |
| San'yôdô | Harima | Mimasaka | Bizen | Bittyû | Bingo | Aki | Suô | Nagato |
|  |
| Nankaidô | Kii | Awazi | Awa | Sanuki | Iyo | Tosa |
|  |
| Saikaidô | Tikuzen | Tikugo | Buzen | Bungo | Hyûga | Hizen | Higo | Ôsumi(Tane)| Satuma | Iki | Tusima |
|  |
| Hokkaidô | Osima | Siribesi | Iburi | Isikari | Tesio | Kitami | Hitaka | Tokati | Kusiro | Nemuro | Tisima |

 |
**Hông-hái Kho-ki Chi̍p-thoân** (鴻海科技集團) sī Tâi-oân khì-gia̍p-ka Koeh Tâi-bêng chhòng-pān ê khòa-kok khì-gia̍p, chóng-pō͘ tī Sin-pak-chhī Thô͘-siâⁿ-khu, chú-iàu seng-sán-tē tī Tiong-kok, ēng **Foxconn** chò-ûi siong-piau miâ-chheng, Hàn-bûn siá chò **Hù-sū-khong** (富士康). Hông-hái choan-chù chāi tiān-khì sán-phín ê tāi-kang ho̍k-bū (CM), gián-hoat seng-sán cheng-bi̍t tiān-khì goân-kiāⁿ, ki-khak, chún-hē-thóng, hē-thóng cho͘-chng, kng-thong-sìn goân-kiāⁿ, e̍k-cheng hián-sī-kiāⁿ téng 3C sán-phín siōng-hā-iû sán-phín kap ho̍k-bū. Kî-hā chē keng kong-si tī Tâi-oân Chèng-koàn Kau-e̍k-só͘, Hiong-káng Kau-e̍k-só͘, Tang-kiaⁿ Chèng-koàn Kau-e̍k-só͘ kòa-pâi chiūⁿ-chhī, pau-hâm chò-ûi chi̍p-thoân he̍k-sim ê Hông-hái Cheng-bi̍t, tī sè-kài chē-chē kok-ka lóng ū siat chhiúⁿ-pâng, oân-kang chóng-sò͘ chhiau-kòe pah-bān lâng.

Hông-hái Kho-ki Chi̍p-thoân sī tī chhòng-pān-jîn Koeh Tâi-bêng hoat-sióng ê "eCMMS" bô͘-sek chìn-hêng sán-gia̍p siōng-hā sûi-ti̍t thóng-ha̍p, lâi kiàn-li̍p keng-chè kui-bô͘. Kî-hā kok koan-hē khì-gia̍p ê gián-hoat, siat-kè, chè-chō, siau-siū, siū-āu ho̍k-bū téng léng-he̍k pau-hâm cheng-bi̍t lêng-cho͘-kiāⁿ, gōa-koan, kiat-kò͘-kiāⁿ, hē-thóng cho͘-chng, kng-thong-sìn goân-kiāⁿ, e̍k-cheng hián-sī, pòaⁿ-tō-thé siat-pī téng. 2010 nî, i-ê chi̍p-thoân ê chú-iàu khì-gia̍p Hông-hái Cheng-bi̍t ha̍p-pèng êng-siu chhiau-kòe chheng-ek Bí-kim, koh lia̍t-ji̍p *Forbes* choân-kiû chêng 50 tōa pâi-hâng-póng kap sè-kài tē-saⁿ tōa chu-sìn kho-ki kong-si. Hông-hái tī Bí-kok *Fortune* cha̍p-chì tiong pâi tē-jī-cha̍p-sì miâ.
| ?Sè-hio̍h chúi-teng-hiang |
| --- |
|
|  |
|
|
| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |
| 

|
|  |
|
|
| Kài: | Plantae |
|
|
|
|
| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |
|
|
|
|
|
| Bo̍k: | Myrtales |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kho: | Onagraceae |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sio̍k: | *Ludwigia* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chéng: | ***L. hyssopifolia*** |
|

 |
| Ha̍k-miâ |
| ***Ludwigia hyssopifolia***G.Don. |
|
|
|
|

**Sè-hio̍h chúi-teng-hiang** (Hàn-jī: 細葉水丁香, ha̍k-miâ: *Ludwigia hyssopifolia*) kui-sio̍k-tī Liú-hio̍h-chhài-kho (Onagraceae), sī chi̍t-nî-seng chúi-seng chháu-pún si̍t-bu̍t. I hun-pò͘ tī pêⁿ-tē kàu kē hái-poa̍t soaⁿ-khu, seng-tióng tī chúi-khut-á, khe-hô, chúi-chhân, chhân-kau, chúi-kau, soaⁿ-kau, téng-téng tâm-sip ê khoân-khéng. Chhap-put-to kui-tang lóng ē khui-hoe.

Hêng-thài
---------

Keng ū 5 choā lêng-chek, ū hun-ki, keng-thâu tiāⁿ ē bo̍k-chit-hòa.

Hio̍h-á hō͘-seⁿ, phoe-chiam-hêng, tn̂g 1 kàu 9 cm, boé-á chiam-chiam lāi-lāi, hio̍h-pèⁿ bêng-hián, bô iù-mo͘. 

Hoe n̂g-sek ū 4 hio̍h hoe-hio̍h; hoe-go̍k 4 phìⁿ, ū iù-mo͘; chhû-lúi chū-thâu ko͘-chi̍t-ê, hiông-lúi 8 lia̍p. 

Koé-chí sī sok-kó, îⁿ-chū-hêng, ū iù-mo͘, tn̂g 15 kàu 30 mm, kāu 1 kàu 1.2 mm.
|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Tsit phian bûn-tsiunn pau-kuat **kok-tsè im-piau (IPA) lāi-té ê gú-im tsuân-siá im-piau**.  Iú-kuan IPA hû-hō ê kài-siāu-sìng tsí-lâm, tshiánn tsham-ua̽t Pang-tsān: [ ], / / hām ⟨ ⟩  tsi-kan ê khu-piat, tshiánn tsham-ua̽t IPA § kuà-hō hām tsuân-lio̽k hun-keh-hû. |

**Gô-lô-su tsiànn-jī-huat ê kái-kik**, (ing-gú: Reforms of Russian orthography), teh Gô-gú ê li̍k-sú tsìn-tîng tang-tiong, thong-kuè kái-piàn Gô-gú jī-bú; tsìng-sik hām hui tsìng-sik teh kái-kik Gô-gú tsìng-siá-huat [en]. Tī 18-20 sè-kí kî-kan huat-sing kuí-ā-kiānn tiōng-iàu ê kái-kik.

Tsá-kî piàn-huà
---------------

Liōng-kî-iok á tī 10 sè-kí, kāng hit ê sî-kan kā Tang-hong Ki-tok-kàu ín-ji̍p kàu Tang slave jîn khiā-tshù ê líng-thóo, mā teh hit-tang-tsūn kū Tang-slave gú tshái-iōng Kiril jī-bú. Kháu-gú hām gî-sik gú-giân tsi-kan sī bû siánn-mih khu-pia̍t, sui-bóng gî-sik gú-giân khiā-tī Lâm slave gú m̄ sī khiā-tī Tang slave gú ê tíng-kuân. tuè-tio̍h gú-giân ê huat-tián, kui-ê jī-bú, iû-kî-sī yuses (Ѫ, Ѭ, Ѧ, Ѩ) teh suà--lo̍h-lâi ê kui-ê sè-kí tang-tiong ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á koh bû hē-thóng-sìng uì sè-sio̍k ê sú-iōng hām kàu-huē gî-sik ê sú-iōng tang-tiong tàn-hìnn-sak bû koh sú-iōng.

Tī 15 sè-kí hām 16 sè-kí Gô-lô-su tiong-iong tsi̍p-kuân kok-ka ê tshut-hiān, suà--lo̍h-lâi ê kok-ka kuan-liâu ki-kòo ê hing-khí í-ki̍p kiōng-tông king-tsè, tsìng-tī hām bûn-huà khong-kan ê huat-tián, ē-sái-tit hîng-tsìng hām huat-lu̍t huat-lu̍t sū-būtang-tiong sú-iōng ê gú-giân pit-su piau-tsún-huà. Tio̍h-sī in-uī tsit-ē guân-in. siōng-tāi-sing teh sóo-uī ê Moscow tāi-huat-kuann gú-giân ê ki-tshóo siōng tsìn-hîng piau-tsún-huà Gô-gú ê siōng-tsá siông-tshì, bô-lūn sī teh sû-luī hong-bīn iah-sī teh tsìng-jī-huat hong-bīn. Uì hit-tang-tsūn khai-sí, Gô-lô-su gú-giân kái-kik ê ki-pún lô-tsi̍p tsú-iàu huán-ìng tuì kui-huān hām tsing-kán gú-giân kui-huān hām kui-tsik ê khó-lū, í khak-pó gú-giân tsò tsit-tsióng si̍t-iōng ê kau-liû hām kuán-lí kang-kū ê tsok-iōng.

Pian-bé
-------

IETF gú-giân piau-tshiam [en] í-king tsù-tsheh:

* `ru-petr1708` uì 1708-nî Peter kái-kik káu 1917-18 nî kái-kik ê bûn-pún.
* `ru-luna1918` tī 1917-18 nî kái-kik liáu-āu ê bûn-pún.

Tsù-kái
-------

1. ↑  Kadochnikov, Denis (2016). *Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia. In: Ginsburgh, V. Weber, S. (Eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language*. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 538–580. goân-loē-iông tī 7 March 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. 11 February 2019 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)
2. ↑  "IETF Language Subtag Registry". *IANA* (ēng Eng-gí). 2021-08-06. goân-loē-iông tī 12 November 2017 hőng khó͘-pih. 7 October 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)

Tsham-ua̍t
----------

* IETF gú-giân piau-tshiam [en]

Guā-pōo liân-kiat
-----------------

* Criticism of 1917 reform (Gô-gú)
* CyrAcademisator Bi-directional online transliteration for ALA-LC (diacritics), scientific, ISO/R 9, ISO 9, GOST 7.79B and others. Supports pre-reform characters k (Eng-gí)
* The Writing on the Wall: The Russian Orthographic Reform of 1917 (Eng-gí)
Chúi-tō-thâu chhut--lâi ê chúi
**Chúi** (水) sī tē-kiû-téng siōng-kài phó·-thong ê e̍k-thé. Chúi bô sek-chúi, phīⁿ--khí-lâi kap tam--khí-lâi mā bô bī. Ô͘, hái, hô kap khe lāi-té lóng-sī chúi. Ùi thiⁿ-téng lo̍h--lo̍h-lâi ê chúi tō sī hō·-chúi. Chúi nā léng kah chi̍t-ê têng-tō·, tō ē kian-tàng, soah pìⁿ-chò peng ia̍h-sī seh. Nā chún chúi tú sio kah chi̍t-ê thêng-tō͘, i tō ē kún, pìⁿ-chò chúi-ian.

Si̍t-bu̍t, tōng-bu̍t, hām lâng lóng tio̍h chia̍h chúi chiah ē o̍ah, in-ūi chúi tī o̍ah-mi̍h ê thé-lāi ū thài-chē lō͘-iōng tī-leh. Pí-lūn-kóng, chúi sī kōaⁿ, hoeh, chhùi-nōa, kap jiō siōng-chú-iàu ê sêng-hūn. Kōaⁿ hō· sin-thé bē siuⁿ lōa, hoeh ùi ūi-tn̂g kā êng-ióng sàng khì kàu sin-thé ê ta̍k-ê pō͘-hūn, hō· lán ē o̍ah. Chhùi-nōa pang-chān lâng kap tōng-bu̍t kā chia̍h-mi̍h siau-hòa. Jiō kā bái ê hòa-ha̍k-phín sàng lī-khui sin-thé.

Chúi mā sī ím-liāu chú-iàu ê sêng-hūn. Pí-lūn gû-leng, kó-chiap, kap chiú lóng-sī. Ta̍k-khóan ím-liāu lóng lēng-gōa ū ka bī he̍k-chiá-sī êng-ióng sêng-hūn, chhin-chhiū thn̂g, kóe-chí, ia̍h-sī chiú-cheng. Hō-ló-oē sù-siông kā chú--kòe, ē lim tit ê chúi kiò-chò tê, ia̍h-sī pe̍h-tê. Phàu tê-bí ê tê lēng-gōa kā hō-chò tê-bí-tê.

Tī seng-bu̍t-ha̍k lâi kóng, chúi tùi sè-pau chiâⁿ tiōng-iàu, in-ūi chúi ē-tàng kā put-chí-á chē mi̍h-kiāⁿ siau-iûⁿ. Chúi chiâⁿ-chò hòa-ha̍k hóan-èng ê mûi-kài, hō· hòa-ha̍k hóan-èng thang hoat-seng, chiah-ê bu̍t-chit mā thàu-kòe chúi sàng khì kui sin-khu múi-chi̍t-ê só͘-chāi. Chúi hō· lán pó-chhî kò·-tēng ê un-tō͘, thé-un siuⁿ-kôan ê sî, lán lâu--chhut-lâi ê kōaⁿ nā ta--khì, un-tō͘ chū-jiân tō kàng--lo̍h-lâi. Chúi mā kā sin-thé lāi-té bô-lō͘-iōng kap ū-to̍k ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ thàu-po̍h, piàn-chò jiō, thang pâi-chhut thé-gōa.

Chiàu hòa-ha̍k lâi kóng, chúi-hun-chú sī ēng 2 ê chúi-sò͘ gôan-chú (H) kap 1 ê sng-sò͘ gôan-chú (O) cho·-sêng--ê. I ê hun-chú-sek sī H2O.

Kî-thaⁿ gí-giân ê liân-kiat
---------------------------

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Chúi*** |

* Chit-ê Eng-bûn bāng-chām kà lán án-chóaⁿ thang lim-tio̍h chheng-khì ê chúi
Nio Joe Lan(梁友蘭)Ìn-nî-miâ Junus Nur Arif, kheh-gír-miâ ：Liòng yû-làn, 「1904-nî 12-ge̍rh 29 – 1973-nî 2-ge̍rh 13」 sī Ìn-nî hoat-jîn, chok-ka,kì-chiá, līk-sír sían-siⁿ.

Nio Joe Lan
Niû-iú-lân tī Batavia, hian-tāi sī pa-siâⁿ, Jakarta 1904-nî 12-ge̍rh 22 chhut-sì, lāu-pē sī sing-lí-lâng, tùi Kńg-tang, mûi-koāiⁿ lâi kàu lâm-iûⁿ.

Niû-iú-lân tī Batavia, hian-tāi sī pa-siâⁿ, Jakarta 1904-nî 12-ge̍rh 22 chhut-sì, lāu-pē sī sing-lí-lâng, tùi Kńg-tang, mûi-koāiⁿ lâi kàu lâm-iûⁿ.

Sûi-liân í ê miâ sī iû Hok-kiàn-ōe ê hoat-im, goân-pún sī kheh-lâng ê āu-tāi. In-ūi chūn sòe-hàn sìr-siông kah Hok-kiàn-lâng kau pîng-iú, í-kīng si̍p-koàn sír-iōng Hok-kiàn-miâ.sió-ha̍k pit-gia̍p í-āu tī chhù-lāi chiap-siu hôa-bûn kàu-io̍k, siàu-liân-ke ê niû khai-sí ha̍k-si̍p chòe chi̍t-ūi per-sing-ki pó-ióng  ê ki-su̍t-goân, hit-sî --sī chi̍t-chióng hán leh khòaⁿ tio̍h ê thâu-lō͘.

1924-nî kiû-ha̍k oân-sêng, ín pâ-pa kèr-sin, ín lāu-bú tùi kang-tiû lî-chit ,bô-pān-hoat ka-li̍p hâng-khong-kài , ū  chi̍t-ūi sian-siⁿ, ín pâ-pa ê tâng-o̍h Lâu-gio̍k-lân khan-khioh í lâi  tī king-pò chòe sin-bûn kì-chiá  ( ū-miâ ê hôa-lîn pó-chóa sin-bûn ) tùi 1928-1934-nî, tam-līm chóng-pian-chi̍p.

  

1934-nî poaⁿ Sin-pò, chi̍t-king pó-siā sio̍k-tī Batavia, li̍p-tiû--sī hui-siông chhin-tiong, tam-līm chóng-pian-chi̍p, m̄-kû tiā-tiā mài chham chèng-tī, kan-ná siá bûn-hòa iū-koan ê sīr-chîng.  Tī Hô-lan-gír kî-khan ê De Indische Gids kah ing-gír  ê The China Journal kòng-hiàn siông-chōe ê chú-tôe kah bûn-chiuⁿ kài-siāu Hôa-Lîn-Má-Lâi-Bûn-Ha̍k.Hi̍t-sî-chūn ā chham-ka Tiong-hôa-hōe-koán siā-hōe kang-cho̍k. 1939-nî chham-ú siá chi̍t-pún chir kì-liām Tiong-Hôa-Hōe-koán chhòng-li̍p 40 chiu-nî.

1942-nî Hô-lan-ìn-tō͘ khai-sí hō͘ Li̍t-pún chiàm,tùi jawa kah madura 542 ê hôa-lîn pau-koah Niû-iū-lân  hō͘ li̍t-pún lia̍h khìr kuiⁿ,  tāi-sing sing khuiⁿ tī Bukit Duri, āu-lâi iū koh poaⁿ khìr Serang kah Cimahi. it-ti̍t kàu 1945-nî Li̍t-pún tâu-hâng, Ìn-nî soan-pò͘ to̍k-li̍p, chiah kā ín pàng chhut--lâi.

  

1946-nî siá chi̍t-pún hôe-ì-lio̍k só͘-ū tī chi̍p-tiong-iâⁿ ê king-giām, chheh-miâ "Dalam Tawanan Perang "(Li̍t-pún Chi̍p-tiong-iâⁿ seng-oa̍h ê kì-si̍t) Hàn-ha̍k-ka Au-Iông Mûi-Chhun kóng chit pún chir sī siông ū kè-ta̍t ê le̍k-sír kì-lio̍k, in-ūi pa̍t-ê sâng kuiⁿ tī chi̍p-tiong-iâ ê lâng  bô siá kèr chiah-ni siông-sè ê hôe-ì-lio̍k.
**Sûn-sûn** (Hàn-jī: 純純; Kana: ジュン ジュン; 1914 nî - 1943 nî 1 goe̍h 8 ji̍t), pún-miâ **Lâu Chheng-hiong** (劉清香), sī Tâi-oân tū Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê cha-bó͘ koa-chhiú. I sī Bāng Chhun-hong, Ú Iā Hoe téng 1930 nî-tāi Tâi-oân liû-hêng-koa siōng-chá ián-chhiùⁿ ê koa-chhiú chi it.

Seng-pêng
---------

Sûn-sûn tū 1914 nî chhut-sì. Chhut-sin sàn-chhiah, pē-bú keng-êng mī-tàⁿ thàn-chia̍h, 13 hè sî iáu-bē oân-sêng ha̍k-hāu kàu-io̍k, i tiōh ka-ji̍p liáu koa-á-hì ê hì-pan o̍h chò-hì.

I tū 1930 nî-tāi kàu 1940 nî-tāi chit tōaⁿ kî-kan chiâⁿ oa̍h-thiàu, chhiùⁿ liáu choē-choē i hit-tang-chūn tú hoat-piáu ê Tâi-oân-ōe kap Ji̍t-pún-ōe ê liû-hêng koa-khek, chhin-chhiūⁿ *Bāng Chhun-hong*, *Ú Iā Hoe* kap *Thô-hoe Khip-hiat Kì* téng; kî-tiong, *Thô-hoe Khip-hiat Kì* chit tiâu koa-khek tū Tâi-oân sī the̍h-lâi thè kāng miâ ê Siōng-hái tiān-iáⁿ phah kóng-kò, hōo lâng hoan-e̍k chò Eng-bûn *The Peach Girl*.
Chhōe kî-thaⁿ ēng-hoat, khòaⁿ Su-hoat (khu-pia̍t).
Chiū hoat-lu̍t-tek lâi kóng, **su-hoat** (司法) he̍k-chiá-sī kóng **su-hoat hē-thóng** sī chí hoat-īⁿ tāi-piáu chú-koân iah kok-ka lâi chò kong-gī ê chú-chhâi. Su-hoat hē-thóng sī beh chò kái-koat kau-liâu ê lō͘-iōng--ê.

Su-hoat ki-koan tō sī chí hoat-īⁿ pún-sin, su-hoat jîn-oân pau-koat hoat-koaⁿ, chhui-sū, su-kì-koaⁿ kap hoat-īⁿ lāi-té ê kî-thaⁿ hia̍p-chō͘ ki-koan ūn-chok sūn-sū ê kong-bū-oân. Chóng--sī pō͘-pêng leh sú-iōng ê sî bô hiah giâm-keh, hoān-ûi ē ke chin khoah, tī chi̍t-koá kok-ka--ni̍h, ū-sî-chūn liân sio̍k-tī hêng-chèng-koân ê kéng-chhat, tiau-cha jîn-oân téng-téng mā kā kóng chāi lāi, sui-bóng án-ne, tio̍h chù-ì su-hoat kap hêng-chèng sū-si̍t-siōng sī chèng-hú hun-koân lāi-té ê 2 ê bô-kâng ê pō͘-hūn.

Hun-koân ê chè-tō͘ kā chèng-hú àn lō͘-iōng hun-thiah chò bô-kâng ê toā pō͘-mn̂g. Àn it-poaⁿ lí-sióng ê siat-kè, su-hoat sī chit lāi-té ê 1 ê to̍k-li̍p tan-ūi, i chiáng-ak kái-soeh hoat-lu̍t kap àn hoat-lu̍t sím-phoàⁿ ê koân.
***Campione!*** (カンピオーネ!, *Kanpiōne!*?, lit. "Champion!") sī chi̍t-pō͘ Ji̍t-pún ê khin-sió-soat, chok-chiá sī Tiōng-goa̍t Sêng, ùi 2008 nî khai-sí chhut-pán. Āu-lâi ū kái chò báng-gah kap tōng-oē.

Kò͘-sū
------

Chháu-tè Hō͘-tông, i sī chi̍t-ê chhì sîn chi jîn, tit-tio̍h sîn ê la̍t-liōng. Sui-jiân i nǹg-bāng chò chi̍t-ê phhó͘-thong ê ko-tiong-siⁿ, m̄-kó chi̍t-ê chū-chheng sī in ài-jîn-á ê cha-bó͘-gín-á Erica soah m̄ hō͘ i án-ne.

Jîn-bu̍t
--------

Chháu-tè Hō͘-tông (Kusanagi Godō)
Tē-chhit-ūi chhì-sîn-chiá(弒神者), phah-tó tāi-piáu sèng-lī ê bô-sūn-chiông chi sîn iā tio̍h-sī kó͘ Pho-su ê chiàn-sîn Verethragna,jī-chhiá koh chhoàn-toa̍h(篡奪) i ê chap-toā-hoà-sin koân-lêng(權能) ê lâng.
Ū-kàu bô sek-ha̍p ka-kī chok-chiàn. Ūi-tio̍h kap bô-sūn-chiông chi sîn ah sī tông-cho̍k ê chhì-sîn-chiá sio-chiàn, put-sam-sî hō͘ sin-khu-piⁿ ê cha-bó͘-gín-á hiàn-chhut ka-kī ê tì-sek (kap chhùi-tûn).
Erica Blandelli
Chit-chhut ê tē-it-lú-chú-kak. Cha̍p-la̍k hoè ê Italy Milan siàu-lú. Ū ' Chhim-hông 0k-môo (Diavolo Rosso)' ê chheng-hō. Chū-chheng Hō͘-tông ê ' ài-jîn'. Gâu ham lâng kau-liû , tùi koán-lí kap tì-bô͘ chin ū-chi̍t-keng thò.
Bān-lí-kok Iū lí(Mariya Yuri)
Tē-jī lú-chú-kak. Cha̍p-la̍k hoè ê su-li̍p Siâⁿ-lâm ha̍k-īⁿ ko-tiong-pō͘ chi̍t nî la̍k pan ê ha̍k-seng.
Liliana Kranjčar
Tē-saⁿ lú-chú-kak. Cha̍p-la̍k hoè ê Tang-au siàu-lú , kiàm chi iau-chiaⁿ. Kah-ì siá ài-chêng ( siàu-siūⁿ ) sió-soat ,
chin gâu chò ka-sū. 

Chheng-chhiu-oān Hūi-ná (Seishūin Ena)
Tē-sì lú-chú-kak. Ji̍p-pún ê miâ-ka tāi-piáu, jî-chhiáⁿ sī sì-ka tiong ê chi̍t kak, Chheng-chhiu-oān ka ê to̍k-seng-lí.

Bàng-gah
--------

Tī *Super Dash & Go!* ê 2011 nî 12 goe̍h hō kàu 2013 nî 6 goe̍h-hō liân-chài, chok oē sī Pán-pún chhù-lông.

Tōng-oē
-------

13 chi̍p ê kái-pian tōng-oē iû Diomedéa chè-chok, 2012 nî 7 goe̍h tī Ji̍t-pún hòng-sàng. Phìⁿ-thâu sī Eng-chhoan Hui chhiùⁿ ê "BRAVE HEART", phìⁿ-boé sī Siáu-chhong Ûi chhiùⁿ ê "Raise".

Goā-pō͘ Liân-kiat
-----------------

* Khin-sió-soat ê koaⁿ-bāng
* Tōng-oē ê koaⁿ-bāng
**Pī-īn** (tiāⁿ ū tha̍k **phiah-īn**), he̍k-chiá kóng **seng-sán khòng-chè** (Eng-gí: *birth control*), sī chí hia-ê hō͘ cha-po͘-lâng kap cha-bó͘-lâng kau-ha̍p liáu-āu khah bē ū-sin ê hong-hoat. Ū chi̍t-koá pī-īn ê hong-sek kâng-sî ē-tàng pó-hō͘ sèng-kau ê lâng mài khì hō͘ sèng thoân-jiám-pēⁿ oè--tio̍h.

Pī-īn nā sī chiâⁿ-chò 1 chióng chèng-chhek ê chhiú-toāⁿ, án-ne tō hō-chò seng-io̍k khòng-chè, tī ka-têng chit-ê chân-bīn lâi kóng, tō sī ka-têng kè-e̍k, ì-sù sī kóng hi-bāng thàu-koè tāi-seng kè-oē, hō͘ seⁿ kiáⁿ io kiáⁿ mài piàn-chò ì-goā, thang tāi-seng chún-pī, siūⁿ hō͘ chim-chiok.

Chò pī-īn ê lâng, ū khó-lêng sī ang-á-bó͘, mā ū khó-lêng sī bô kiat-hun m̄-koh toà chò-hoé, he̍k-chiá-sī ū tēng-hun ê lâng, lâm-lú-pêng-iú, sīm-chì sī lō͘-chúi-chêng (one night stand) ê tùi-siōng mā ē pī-īn.

Pī-īn ê in-toaⁿ chin chē, pí-lūn: cha-po͘ kap cha-bó͘ khó-lū keng-chè in-sò͘, bô-hoat-tō͘ chhī siuⁿ chē kiáⁿ-jî. Mā ū ê lâng sī kui-khì lóng bô beh seⁿ kiáⁿ, tō pī-īn. Siàu-liân-lâng ē siūⁿ-kóng āu-pái beh ài ū kiáⁿ-jî cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ, chóng--sī chit-má iáu chió hoè, tio̍h tán khah ū chîⁿ iah-sī thâu-lō͘ khah ún-tēng chiah seⁿ. Thàu-koè pī-īn, 2 ê lâng iû-goân ē-tàng tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sèng-kau, hiáng-siū ún-tēng ê koan-hē, koh m̄-bián hoân-ló seⁿ kiáⁿ chhiâⁿ kiáⁿ ê būn-tê, kā in-ūi kau-ha̍p lâi ū-sin ê ki-lu̍t kàng-kē.
**Lam Research kong-si** (ing-gú: Lam Research Corporation) sī tsi̍t-king uī puànn-tō-thé hâng-gia̍p thê-kiong tsing-înn tsè-tsō [en] siat-pī kah siong-kuan ho̍k-bū ê Bí-kok kiong-ing-siong. Lam Research ê sán-phín [en] tsú-iàu iōng teh tsiân-tuan tsing-înn ka-kang, pau-kuat tsè-tsō puànn-tō-thé guân-kiānn (tiān-tsing-thé, tiān-iông-khì (kontensa, capacitor)) ê iú-guân guân-kiānn kah i-ê pòo-suànn (hōo-liân) ê pōo-tsiū. Lam Research kong-si iah-koh uī-tio̍h āu-tuan tsing-înn kip hong-tsong [en] (WLP) kah bî-ki-tiān hē-thóng [en] (MEMS) tíng-tíng siong-kuan tsè-tsō tshī-tiûnn tsè-tsō siat-pī.

Lam Research iû David K. Lam [en] phok-sū tī 1980-nî tshòng-li̍p, tsóng-pōo khiā-ti Bíkok California tsiu Fremont [en] ê Si̍k-kok. Tsia̍t-tsí 2018-nî, Lam Research sī uan-khu tē-2 tuā tset-so-siong, pai ê Tesla kong-si āu-piah.

Li̍k-sú ên-kik
--------------

Lam Research iû huâ-ē kang-tîng-su David K. Lam tī 1980-nî tshòng-li̍p, David pat-teh Xerox [en]. Hewlett-Packard, kah Texas Instruments [en] tíng-tíng kong-si kang-tsok kuè. Hit-tang-tsūn David teh Hewlett Packard ê sî-tsūn, i khuànn-tio̍h su-iàu koh-khah hó ê tíng-lī-tsí sit-khik siat-pī (plasma etching equipment), ē-tàng tué-tioh puànn-tō-thé tsing-phìnn ê khuài-sok sió-hîng-huà. David kám-un Intel ê tshòng-sí-jîn Bob Noyce [en] thong-kuè khak-pó David ê khì-gia̍p kè-uē tsi ha̍p-lí, jî-lâi pang-tsān David hi̍k-tik tsu-kim

1981-nî, Lam Research kong-si thui-tshut tē-1 khuán sán-phín AutoEtch 480, tse-sī tsi̍t-tsióng tsū-tōng to-tsing si̍k tíng-lī-tsí si̍k-khik-ki. Suán-ti̍k AutoEtch tsit-ê bîng-tshing sī uī-tio̍h piáu-bîng si̍k-khikki sī tsū-tōng-huà ê, lî-tshiánn 480 tang-tiong ê 80 lâi-tsū 1980-nî, iah tō sī kong-si sîng-li̍p ê hit-nî. Tē-1 ê hē-thóng tī 1982-nî 1-gue̍h bē-tshut-khì. 1982-nî, Roger Emerick hông jīm-bīng tsò siú-si̍k king-îng tsip-hîng-tsiá.

Tsù-kái
-------

1. ↑  "Lam Research Corporation FY2022 Annual Report (Form 10-K)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 24 August 2022.
2. ↑  "LAM RESEARCH CORP (LRCX:NASDAQ GS): Company Description". Bloomberg L.P. 19 May 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.
3. ↑  "Lam Research on the Forbes America's Largest Public Companies List". *Forbes* (ēng Eng-gí). 10 May 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.
4. ↑   [*bare URL*]
5. 1 2  "Oral History: David K. Lam". *SEMI.ORG*. 2011. 9 August 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.
6. ↑  "SEMI Oral History Interview". stanford.edu. 24 July 2007. goân-loē-iông tī 11 November 2013 hőng khó͘-pih. 12 May 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.
7. ↑  "Lam Research Corporation – 10-K". lamresearch.com. 18 September 1996. 12 May 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.
8. ↑  "Executive Profile – Roger D. Emerick". Bloomberg L.P. 2 June 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.

Tsham-ua̍t
----------

* tsing-înn tsè-tsō [en]
* tsing-înn kip hong-tsng [en]
* U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

Guā-pōo liân-kiat
-----------------

* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām  (Eng-gí)
* Business data for Lam Research: 
	+ Google Finance
	+ Yahoo! Finance
	+ SEC filings (Eng-gí)
{{Panagsolbar ti infobox
|nagan = Agtutubo
|billing\_type = kita\_ti\_panagsingil
|subdibision\_tipo = panagtaeng.
|nagan\_ti\_subdibision = Pang-bô͘:Bandera
|splittype1 = [[bingbingay nga tipo1|splittype1]
|nagan\_ti\_panagbingbingay1 = pannakabingbingay.
|splittype2 = subbingbingay.
|subdivision\_name2 = [[Dagiti Subdibision|Dagiti Subdibision]
|subdibision\_tipo3 = [[Pho-lan-e kong-sia|Kong-sia]
|subdivision\_name3 = [[Dagiti Subdibision ti Kong-sia|Dagiti Subdibision]
|dagup\_ti\_populasion = 4000 a populasion
|sona ti oras = [[Tiong-po͘ Au-Chiu-Sî-kan|CET].
|utc\_offset = +1
|sona\_ti\_oras\_DST = [[sona\_ti\_oras\_DST|CEST].
|utc\_offset\_DST = +2
|mapa\_ti\_pushpin = Polonia
|pin\_label\_position = ngato
|pcs = 540 nga mga
|latm = 27 nga
|patch =
|lat.NS = N
|atiddog ​​= 20
|kaatiddog ​​= 31
|malipat =
|atiddogEW = E
}}
**Młodzawy Małe** sī chi̍t ê tī Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok Świętokrzyskie Séng Pińczów Kūn Pińczów Kong-siā ê chng-thâu.

Chham-oa̍t
----------

* Pho-lân ê chng-thâu

Chham-khó
---------

1. ↑  "Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)" (ēng Pho-lân-gí). 2008-06-01.
**Ài-lân** (愛蘭) kū-miâ **O͘-gû-lân** (烏牛欄), sī Tâi-oân Lâm-tâu-koān Po͘-lí-tìn lāi ê chng-siā, só͘-chāi tī Po͘-lí chhī-lāi ê sai-pêng.

Le̍k-sú
-------

Pún chng kiam sì-ûi tē-hng, sī 1920 nî só͘ siat ê Lêng-ko-kūn Po͘-lí-ke ē-té ê tōa-jī O͘-gû-lân, chiàu 1935 nî ê thóng-kè, ū pêng-siông chū-bîn 1553 lâng, lāi-bīn Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k chiàm 829-ê; Hok-kiàn-hē (tāi-iok tùi-tâng Hō-ló-lâng) chiàm 440; Kńg-tang-hē (tāi-iok tùi-tâng Kheh-lâng) chiàm 219.

"O͘-gû-lân" chit-ê chng-siā goân-té sī khiā tī kin-á-ji̍t Tâi-tiong-chhī Hong-goân-khu lāi ê Pazeh-cho̍k *Auran* (ia̍h ū siá *Aoran*) siā, in tùi goân chē-chí sóa kòe hiān-chāi Po͘-lí tē-hng liáu-āu tiō chiàu goân-miâ lâi hō. Tû-liáu Auran siā í-gōa, O͘-gû-lân Koân-phiâⁿ téng iáu ū *Patakan* kap *Lalusai* nn̄g siā. "Auran" chiō sī "O͘-gû-lân" kiam āu-lâi "Ài-lân" hō-miâ ê lâi-goân.

Tâi-oân Tiúⁿ-ló-kàu-hōe ê Ài-lân Kàu-hōe, sī chāi-tē Pazeh lâng ûi chú ê kàu-hōe.

1947 nî 3 goe̍h 16, Tiong-pō͘ chāi-tē ê Jī-chhit Pō͘-tūi, kap Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok phài--lâi ê 21 Su 16 Lú 436 Thoân pō͘-tūi khí O͘-gû-lân Chiàn-tò͘.

Chù-kái
-------

1. ↑  Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi Tâi-oân ê jîn-kháu thóng-kè hun ê Hok-kiàn/Kńg-tang kap hiān-taⁿ thong-sio̍k ê Hō-ló/Kheh-ka ê hun-pia̍t beh kâng m̄-koh bô goân-choân sio ha̍h.

Chham-khó
---------

1. ↑  臺灣總督官房調查課 (1936). *昭和十年末 臺灣常住戶口統計*. p. 186.
2. ↑  衛惠林 (1981). *埔里巴宰七社志*. 中央研究院.
3. ↑  李靖唐 (2011). *埔里愛蘭長老教會的設立與發展* (sek-sū thesis). 中興大學 歷史學系所.

Liân-kiat
---------

* Google (2017-02-20). "烏牛欄" (Map). *Google Maps*. Google. 2017-02-20 khòaⁿ--ê.
|  |
| --- |
| Pún-chiuⁿ sī sio̍k-î **Ki-tok-kàu** hē-lia̍t ê chi̍t-ê pō·-hūn |
|  |
| **Ki-tok-kàu Le̍k-sú**
Iâ-so͘ Ki-tok
Cha̍p-jī ê Sù-tô·
Tong-hong Kéng-Kàu
Tang-sai Kàu-hōe ê hun-lia̍t
Si̍p-jī-kun ê Tang-cheng
Chong-kàu ê Kái-kek |
| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Sîn-ha̍k**
Ki-tok-kàu ê Chông-pài 
In-tián  · Kiù-in 
San-siōng ê Kàu-hùn 
Si̍t-chāi ê hok-khì
Chú ê Kî-tó-bûn
Cha̍p-tiâu-kài
Sèng-lêng
Tháu-pa̍k sîn-ha̍k
**Ki-tok-kàu ê Lé-chiat**
Sé-lé
Sèng-chhan-lé |
| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Sèng-keng**
Kū-iok Sèng-keng
Sin-iok Sèng-keng
Âng-phoê Sèng-keng |
| Ki-tok-kàu ê Cheh-ji̍t
Sèng-tàn-cheh
Sèng-tàn Ló-jîn
Koh-oa̍h-cheh |
| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Kàu-phài**
Tang-chèng-kàu
Thian-chú-kàu
Iâ-so·-hōe
Tō-bêng-hōe
Ki-tok-sin-kàu
Bí-kok Kong-lí-hōe
Bí-kok Kui-chèng Kàu-hōe
Eng-kok Kok-kàu
An-hioh-ji̍t Hōe
Tâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hoē
Gō·-sûn-chat Kàu-phài
Sù-tô·-sìn-sim-hoē 
Sîn-tiàu-hōe
Sîn ê Kàu-hoē
Chin Iâ-so· Kàu-hōe
**Siū chèng-thóng kàu-hōe kheh-che̍h**
Iâ-hô-hoa Kiàn-chèng-jîn
Iâ-so· Ki-tok Āu-kî Sèng-tô· Kàu-hōe
Sin-iok Kàu-hōe
Thóng-it Kàu-hōe |

**Chú ê Kî-tó-bûn** ia̍h-hō **Chú-tó-bûn** sī Ki-tok-kàu chòe-chiong iú-miâ ê kî-tó bûn. Kin-kì Sèng-keng ê kì-chài, Iâ-so͘ ê sù-tô͘ chhéng-kiû i chí-tō in kî-tó. Chú ê kî-tó bûn sī kì-chài tī Sin-iok Sèng-keng Má-thài Hok-im-Su tē la̍k chiuⁿ káu chat chì cha̍p-saⁿ chat, sī San-siōng ê Kàu-hùn ê it-pōo-hūn. Lēng-gōa it-phiⁿ sio-tâng ê kî-tó bûn sī kì-chài tī Lō͘-ka Hok-im cha̍p-it-chiuⁿ.

Chú Iâ-so͘ ê Kî-tó-bûn
----------------------

"Só͘-í lín bo̍h-tit o̍h in; in-ūi lín bē kiû I ê tāi-seng, lín ê Pē í-keng chai lín só͘ khiàm-ēng ê.
Só͘-í lín tio̍h án-ni kî-tó:" 

"Goán tī thiⁿ-ni̍h ê Pē, Goān lí ê miâ sèng.
Lí ê kok lîm-kàu.
Lí ê chí-ì tit chiâⁿ, tī tōe-ni̍h chhin-chhiūⁿ tī thiⁿ-ni̍h.
Goán ê ji̍t-si̍t, kin-á-ji̍t hō͘ goán.
Sià-bián goán ê ko͘-hū, chhin-chhiūⁿ goán ia̍h ū sià-bián ko͘-hū goán ê lâng.
Bo̍h-tit chhōa goán ji̍p tī chhì, tio̍h kiù goán thoat-lī hit ê pháiⁿ-ê.
(In-ūi kok, kôan-lêng, êng-kng lóng sī Lí ê, tāi-tāi bô-chīn. Amen.)"
"In-ūi lín nā sià-bián lâng ê kè-sit, lín ê Thiⁿ Pē ia̍h beh sià-bián lín.
Lín nā bô sià-bián lâng ê kè-sit, lín ê Pē ia̍h bô beh sià-bián lín ê kè-sit."
**Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok liû-bông chèng-hú lūn** (中華民國流亡政府論) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú thóng-tī Tâi-oân ê chi̍t chióng tē-ūi lūn-su̍t, sī kin-kì Tâi-oân tē-ūi bī-tēng lūn tùi Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chāi Tâi-oân ê tēng-ūi. Chit-ê koan-tiám jīn-ûi, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú tī 1949 nî hō͘ Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán Tóng kek-pāi liáu-āu, ùi Tiong-kok liû-bông Tâi-oân, pēng í si̍t-bîn thé-chè chìn-hêng thóng-tī. Tī 2000 nî kàu 2008 nî Tân Chúi-píⁿ chèng-hú sî-kî, chit-ê koan-tiám khah chió pī mûi-thé koan-chù. Tān-sī tī 2008 nî Má Eng-kiú chèng-hú sî-kî, chit-ê koan-tiám chài-tō͘ heng-khí. Sî-jīm Bîn-chìn-tóng chú-se̍k Chhòa Eng-bûn tī 2010 nî 5 goe̍h 25 hō, tī chi̍t tiûⁿ chō-tâm-hōe siōng piáu-sī: "Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok sī chi̍t ê liû-bông chèng-hú", ín-hoat nâ-iâⁿ ê put-boán. 2016 nî, Chhòa Eng-bûn tāi-piáu Bîn-chìn-tóng iâⁿ-tit chóng-thóng tāi-soán, chò-ûi Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chóng-thóng, i m̄-bat koh kè-sio̍k chú-tiuⁿ "Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok sī chi̍t ê liû-bông chèng-hú" ê koan-tiám, m̄-koh mā bô kong-khai hó͘-jīn chit-ê koan-tiám.
**Bêng-tī Î-sin** (Ji̍t-gí: 明治維新; めいじいしん) sī 19-sè-kí boa̍t-kî, Ji̍t-pún só͘ chò--ê, ū chu-pún chú-gī sèng-chit-tek choân-bīn se-hoà kap hiān-tāi-hoà ê kái-kek ūn-tōng. Thàu-koè chit-ê ūn-tōng, kā siōng-boé 1-ê bo̍k-hú Edo Bo̍k-hú sak--tó, hō͘ thian-hông chhin-sin lâi chú-chhî koán-lí kok-ka, kái-kek ê hoān-ûi, khan-sia̍p-tio̍h tiong-iong ê koaⁿ-chè, hoat-lu̍t chè-tō͘, hông-kiong thé-chè, sin-hūn kai-ki̍p, tē-hng hêng-chèng, kim-iông, bō͘-e̍k, sán-gia̍p, keng-chè, kàu-io̍k, goā-kau kap chong-kàu chèng-chhek téng-téng.

khài-lio̍k
----------

Bêng-tī î-sin sī siáⁿ-mi̍h sî-chūn khai-sí--ê ū chē-chē khoán kóng-hoat tī-leh, khah e̍h--ê sī kí Ji̍t-pún nî-hō kái-chò Bêng-tī hit-tong-sî, iā-tō-sī 1868-nî 10--goe̍h 23 (kū-le̍k 9--goe̍h chhoe 8), m̄-koh phó-thong kóng Bêng-tī î-sin ê sî, sī chí tāi-chèng hōng-hoân (大政奉還), ông-chèng ho̍k-kó͘ (王政復古) liáu-āu sio-liân-soà ê kái-kek, nā chhut-boé ê sî-kan, it-poaⁿ sī lia̍h se-lâm chiàn-cheng kiat-sok (1877-nî), lāi-koh chè-tō͘ kiàn-li̍p (1885-nî), hiàn-hoat thé-chè sêng-li̍p (1889-nî) chit kúi-ê sī-kan-tiàm siōng-kài chē.

Chit-toāⁿ sî-kan ê sin chèng-hú, toā-pō͘-hūn sī kā hō-chò "Bêng-tī chèng-hú", "sin chèng-hú" iah "î-sin chèng-hú". Mā ū lâng in-ūi hit lāi-té ê būn-tê, kā phì-siùⁿ chò "phoan-hoa̍t chèng-hú", chit-khoán thé-hō sī in-ūi sin chèng-hú--ni̍h chin chē chú-iàu jîn-bu̍t sī Satuma-phoan kap Tyôsyû-phoan ê thâu-lâng, chú-iàu ê būn-tê sī chí Bêng-tī chèng-hú ê chhiú-lō͘ choan-chè, koh tiong-ki̍p í-siōng ê koaⁿ-oân tō chin hán jīn-iōng kū chèng-hú ê lâng, koân-le̍k pá-a̍k tī chi̍t-pō͘-hūn ê kiông-toā phoan-sú chhiú--ni̍h.

Bêng-tī î-sin chit-ê kóng-hoat sī Chiau-hô (昭和) sî-tāi liáu-āu chiah pìⁿ phó-phiàn--ê, nā hit-tang-chūn ê láng, tùi tāi-chèng hōng-hoân kap hùi-phoan tì-koān (廢藩置縣) ê kái-kek, sī kā kiò-chò "goissin"(御一新).

Bêng-tī î-sin tī té sî-kan lāi-té tō hō͘ Ji̍t-pún ê kok-ka le̍k-liōng chám-jiân-á thê-seng, ē-tàng kap Se-kok sio pí-phēng, tì-sú A-chiu ta̍k-kok choaⁿ-á kā tòng-chò sī kīn-tāi kái-kek ê tián-hoān.

kái-kek ê hong-chiam
--------------------

Bêng-tī sin chèng-hú ê kái-kek hong-chiam, siōng-ki-pún koh thâu-chi̍t-kiāⁿ tō sī ùi Edo Bo̍k-hú, iā-chiū-sī Tokugawa Bo̍k-hú kā chip-chèng-koân the̍h--lo̍h-lâi, kau tī thian-hông chhiú--ni̍h (tāi-chèng hōng-hoân, ông-chèng ho̍k-kó͘), bo̍k-hú chū án-ne kiâⁿ-ji̍p le̍k-sú, koh lâi tō sī cháu-chhoē hong-sek, beh hō͘ Ji̍t-pún thang jip-chiūⁿ Au-chiu kap Bí-kok téng-téng ê kiông-kok, chit hong-bīn thang kū-thé tī 1868-nî ê Ngó͘-kò-tiâu Gū-sè-bûn (五箇条の御誓文) khoàⁿ--chhut-lâi. Kán-tan kóng, tō-sī thàu-koè ha̍p-gī thé-chè (合議体制), koaⁿ-bîn it-thé (官民一体), lâi chiâⁿ-chòe 1-ê kok-ka, koh phah-phoà kū-koàn-sì, poê-ióng kap sè-kài ta̍k-kok pêⁿ-chē-khí ê châi-tiāu.

Kóng-tio̍h beh ta̍t-sêng téng-koân chiah-ê bo̍k-phiau, siōng chia̍p thiaⁿ-tio̍h ê kháu-hō sī "bù-kok kiông-peng" (富国強兵) kap "si̍t-sán heng-gia̍p" (殖産興業).
| ?Heliophorus ila |
| --- |
|
|  |
| Bú--ê |
|
|
| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |
| 

|
|  |
|
|
| Kài: | Animalia |
|
|
|
|
|
| Mn̂g: | Arthropoda |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kong: | Insecta |
|
|
|
|
|
| Bo̍k: | Lepidoptera |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chhiau-kho: | Papilionoidea |
| Kho: | Lycaenidae |
| A-kho: | Lycaeninae |
|
|
|
|
| Sio̍k: | *Heliophorus* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chéng: | ***H. ila*** |
|

 |
| Ha̍k-miâ |
| ***Heliophorus ila***? |
|
|
|
|

***Heliophorus ila*** (Hôa-gí: 紅邊黃小灰蝶) sī 1 chióng khun-thiông, phián-si̍t khoah 30 kàu 34 mm. Si̍t-kó· ê pak-tó· hit-bīn sī n̂g-sek--ê, kang--ê bú--ê lóng kâng, gōa-iân hū-kīn ū âng-sek pan-bûn; si̍t-kó· ê kha-chiah-phiaⁿ chit-bīn sī o·-sek--ê, ē-kha-si̍t ê gōa-iân hū-kīn ū âng-sek hái-éng-khoán ê pan-bûn, kang--ê téng-koân-si̍t ū tōa bīn-chek ê khóng-chí-sek kim-sio̍k ê kim-thâu, ah bú--ê téng-koân-si̍t sī âng-sek ê pan-bûn.

Sêng-thâng kui-nî-thàu-tang ū khòaⁿ--kìⁿ; seng-o̍ah tī pêⁿ-tē kàu tiong-hái-po̍at soaⁿ-khu ê chháu-châng kap chhiū-châng khoân-kéng; si̍t-si̍t-sèng khun-thâng, chia̍h si̍t-bu̍t kok pō·-ūi kap nōa--khì ê kóe-chí; tiū-hêng-sèng khun-thâng, ji̍t--sî chhut-lâi o̍ah-tāng; kah-ì hóng-būn hoe-châng.
Sio si̍p-jī-kè sī KKK chá-kî oa̍h-tāng ê chi̍t khoán hong-sek.
**Ku Klux Klan**, kán-lio̍k chò **KKK**, ē-sài kiò "**Sam K(Khe) Tóng**", sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t khoán pe̍h-lâng iu-oa̍t-chú-gī he̍k-chiá sī chéng-cho̍k-chú-gī ūn-tōng. In tī le̍k-sú siōng ē-tàng hun saⁿ kái ūn-tōng, bí chi̍t kái chi kan bô ti̍t-chiap ê koan-hē.

Thâu chi̍t kái KKK ê cho͘-chit sī tī lōe-chiàn liáu-āu Tiông-kiàn Sî-tāi (Reconstruction Era) Bí-kok ê lâm-pō͘, tī hit-chūn in ê oa̍h-tāng chú-iàu sī kong-kek o͘-lâng thâu-lâng. Chit kái ūn-tōng tī 1871 nî kiat-sok.

Tē jī kái ūn-tōng sī choân-kok-sèng--ê, in tī 1920 nî chó-iū khí-heng, chú-iàu sī chiam-tùi Thian-chú-kàu kap î-bîn téng-téng tùi-siòng.

1970 nî-tāi kòe-āu ê KKK, sī chi̍t kóa lī-ēng KKK chò miâ ê cho͘-chit, in tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hoat-tōng tùi chió-sò͘ cho̍k-kûn he̍k-chiá î-bîn ê khòng-gī.

  


|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | 
* WorldCat Identities
* VIAF: 236173772
* LCCN: n80076145
* ISNI: 0000 0001 2165 5792

 |

 |
Charles Perrault.
**Charles Perrault** (1628 nî 1 goe̍h 12 – 1703 nî 5 goe̍h 16) sī éng-koè Hoat-kok ê chok-ka, i khai-chhòng 1 chióng sin ê bûn-ha̍k lūi-hêng (genre), hō chò gín-á-kó͘. I siá chin chē sim-sek ê kò͘-sū, chhan-chhiūⁿ *Le Petit Chaperon rouge* (*Âng Thâu-kin*), *La Belle au bois dormant* (*Khùn Bí-jîn*), kap *Le Maître chat ou le Chat botté* (*Chhēng hia-kóng ê Niau*). Perrault chin chē chok-phín kàu taⁿ iáu leh hoat-hêng, ū-ê hông kái phian chò ó͘-phē-là, ballet (khó-pí kóng Tchaikovsky ê *Sleeping Beauty*), hì-ke̍k, im-ga̍k-ke̍k (musical), kap tiān-iáⁿ (khó-pí kóng Walt Disney Kong-si phah ê phìⁿ *Cinderella* kap *Sleeping Beauty*).

Chok-phín
---------

* *Le Petit Chaperon rouge* (*Âng Thâu-kin*)
* *La Belle au bois dormant* (*Khùn Bí-jîn*)
* *Le Maître chat ou le Chat botté* (*Chhēng hia-kóng ê Niau*)
* *Cendrillon ou la petite pantoufle de vair* (*O͘-cha-bó͘*)
* *La Barbe bleue* (*Chhiⁿ-hô͘-chhiu*)
* *Le Petit Poucet*
* *Les Fées* (*Soān-chio̍h kap Chiuⁿ-chî*)
* *La Marquise de Salusses ou la Patience de Griselidis*
* *Les Souhaits ridicules*
* *Peau d'Âne*
* *Riquet à la houppe*
Typical eukaryotic cell
**Sè-pau ho͘-khip** (細胞呼吸; Eng-gí: *cellular respiration*), iā sī kóng **ho͘-khip chok-iōng**, sī seng-bu̍t tit tio̍h lêng-liōng ê thêng-sū, thaù-koè sng-sò͘ ham phô-tô-thn̂g ê hoán-èng ē-tit sán-seng chúi, CO₂ ham ATP (lêng-liōng). Ho͘-khip sī tī sè-pau ê chân-chhù leh ūn-chok; ho͘-khip tī sè-pau ê soàⁿ-lia̍p-thé chok-iōng, thê-kiong sè-pau lêng-liōng. 

Si̍t-bu̍t mā tio̍h-ài ho͘-khip, in lī-iōng kng-ha̍p-sêng sán-seng ê sng-sò͘ ham phô-tô-thn̂g lâi ho͘-khip, sán-seng lêng-liōng, chúi, ham CO₂.

Guā-pōo liân-kiat
-----------------

|  |
| --- |
| Tô͘-su-koán chu-goân about  **Cellular respiration** 

---

 |
| * Lí-ê tô͘-chu-koán chu-goân
 |

* A detailed description of respiration vs. fermentation
* Kimball's online resource for cellular respiration
* Cellular Respiration and Fermentation at Clermont College

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | 
* LCCN: sh85021667
* GND: 4161796-4
* BNF: cb12440837h (data)

 |

 |
***Thunderbolt Fantasy Tong-lî Kiàm-iû-kì*** (Hàn-jī: - 東離劍遊紀) sī Tâi-oân Phek-le̍k Kok-chè To-mûi-thé Iú-hān kong-si (霹靂-) kap Ji̍t-pún Nitro+ kong-sī--ê kio̍k-pún-ka Hi-ian Hiân (虚淵玄) téng liân-ha̍p chè-chok--ê Pò͘-tē-hì iáⁿ-chi̍p, chú-tē sio̍k-tī Tiong-hoâ hong-keh--ê bú-hia̍p (武俠) kî-hoàn. Phoè-im ū Hô-ló-oē, Ji̍t-gí kap Hoâ-gí 3 chióng. 2016 nî 7 goe̍h thâu 1 pái pò͘-chhut, tī ji̍t-pún mā kái-pian-chò bàng-gah, kè-oē tī 7 goe̍h ji̍h--nih (hā-sûn, 下旬) chhut-pán.

Khí-goân
--------

Kio̍k-pún-ka Hi-ian Hiân lâi kah Tâi-pak Tōng-bān-chiat--ê sî, khoàⁿ-tio̍h Phek-le̍k Pò͘-tē-hì--ê tián-lám. Liáu-āu i tiō tńg Ji̍t-pún kā an-ne--ê gē-su̍t pò-hō͘ tong-sū chai. Choè-āu Phek-le̍k, Nitro+ kap Good Smile Company liân-ha̍p, chêng-li̍p Thunderbolt Fantasy Project chè-chok.

Chè-chok tan-ūi kap jîn-oân
---------------------------

* Goân-chok, chè-chok: Thunderbolt Fantasy Project
* Goân-àn (原案), pian-kio̍k, chóng-kàm-siu: Hi-ian Hiân
* ián-chhut, liap-iáⁿ: Phek-le̍k Kok-chè To-mûi-thé
* Jîn-bu̍t sè-kè: Nitro+ (Sam-tō͘ Sinovu (三杜シノヴ Minori Sinovu), Goân-kak (源覚), Niθ, Tiong-iong tang-kháu (中央東口 Tyûô Higasiguti))
* Ang-á chō-hêng kò͘-būn: Good Smile Company
* Bú-khì Sè-kè: Phek-le̍k Kok-chè To-mûi-thé, Se̍k-tō͘ Makoto (石渡マコト Isiwata Makoto)
* Im-ga̍k: Te̍k-iá Hông-chi (澤野弘之)
* Im-hióng Kàm-to̍k: Giâm-lōng Bí-hô (岩浪美和)
* Chú-tê-koa - T.M.Revolution "RAIMEI"

Hòng-sàng-tiám
--------------

### Tâi-oân

* Phek-le̍k Youtube Phîn-tō
* Bahamut Tong-oē-hong (Koaⁿ-oē: 巴哈姆特動畫瘋)
* Ài-kî-gē (愛奇藝) Tâi-oân-chām

### Ji̍t-pún

* TOKYO MS
* BS 11
* AT-X