recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Gī-tiúⁿ** (議長) sī hōe-gī ki-koan ê tāi-piáu ia̍h hōe-gī ê kàm-koán-jîn.

Gī-tiúⁿ thong-siông sī gī-hōe ia̍h-sī li̍p-hoat ki-koan ê siōng-koân hoāⁿ-thâu-chiá, tī bô-kāng ê kok-ka ū bô-kāng ê chit-chheng, pí-lūn úi-oân-tiúⁿ (委員長), chú-sek (主席) kap īⁿ-tiúⁿ (院長) téng-téng. Tī hiān-kim bîn-chú gī-hōe tiong, iû gī-oân hō͘-soán soán-chhut, chit-koân sī chú-chhî hōe-gī gī-têng, tiâu-kái gī-oân kan kiu-hun kap kiàn-li̍p gī-hōe ê koân-ui. Gī-tiúⁿ it-poaⁿ bô tâu-phiò-koân, tî-hui hoat-seng pêⁿ-chē-phiò (*tie*) ê kiong-kio̍k.

Gī-tiúⁿ thong-siông sī iû gī-hōe tiong hoah-chúi-ē-kian-tàng ê lâng chhut-jīm, tùi-goā tāi-piáu kui-ê gī-hōe. In-ūi gī-tiúⁿ tùi gī-hōe ti̍t-sū koân-gî ê koán-lí sī oá-khò i gī-tiúⁿ ê koân-ui lâi chìn-hêng kui-hoān, só͘-í tī gī-hōe tiong sit-khì koân-ui ê gī-tiúⁿ, thong-siông chiū ē sî-tiāu gī-tiúⁿ ê chit-bū. Tāi-piáu gī-tiúⁿ koân-ui ê sī gī-tiúⁿ ê chō-ūi kap gī-sū-tûi.

Gī-tiúⁿ mā ū-khó-lêng sī chi̍t-koá hui-chèng-tī-sèng ê hōe-gī cho͘-chit ê tāi-piáu ê miâ-hō, pí-lūn Hân-kok ê liân-ha̍p chham-bô͘ pún-pō͘ gī-tiúⁿ kap lîm-sî cho͘-sêng ê tiâu-cha úi-oân-hōe gī-tiúⁿ téng-téng.
Teh huân-to siat-tī
Dorking Ke-kak kuà-tio̍h 2012 Lûntun Olympic ūn-tōng-huē ê kim-pâi.
Tah-phuè tsiam-tsit-phín
**Dorking Ke-kak** (ing-gú: Dorking Cockerel; **Dorking ke-kang**) sī Tang-lâm Eng-lân Surrey-kūn Dorking [en]-tìn ê Deepdene huán-hîng kau-tshe lōo-kháu tíng-kuân ê tsi̍t-tsō tiau-sok. Dorking Ke-kak biâu-huē tsí-tsia̍h kang-ê Dorking ke [en], tsit-ê tiau-sok teh li̍k-sú siōng sī Dorking-tìn king-tsè ê tiōng-iàu tsoo-sîng pōo-hūn. Tsit-tsiah 10 ing-tshioh (30 kong-tshioh) kuân ê ke-kak-á sī-iû "Peter Parkinson" sóo tiau-khik--ê pīng-koh teh 2007-nî tshai khí-lâi--ê. Tsit-tsō tiau-sok sī tong-tē ê tē-piáu-sìng kèn-tiok, uī-tio̍h kì-liām ti̍k-sû tiûñ-ha̍p jî-lâi tsìn-hîng tsi̍t-kuá phòng-se hong-tsà [en] ua̍h-tāng.

Tiau-tshí hām an-tsong
----------------------

Tsù-kái
-------

1. ↑  Lytollis, Roger (4 November 2021). *On a Pedestal: A Trip around Britain's Statues* (ēng Eng-gí). Little, Brown Book Group. p. 136. ISBN 978-1-4721-4611-3.

Tsham-ua̍t
----------

* Sing-bûn ú-tiū [en] (Stargate Universe)
* Merops apiaster [en]
* Kó͘-phiò tāi-hō [en] (Kóo-phiò tāi-hō/Ticker symbol)
* ISO 9362 [en] (SWIFT piān-sek-bé)
* Si̍t-siu chu-pún [en] (Si̍t-siu tsu-pún/Paid-in capital/Si̍t-siu tsu-pún-gia̍h)

Guā-pōo lên-ket
---------------

* Dorking Cockerel — Fire & Iron (Eng-gí)
* As the Dorking Cockerel celebrates its 10th birthday we ask why is it there? - Surrey Live (Eng-gí)
* Dorking Museum Permanent Exhibition - Dorking Cockerel (Eng-gí)
Chng pùn-sò ê saⁿ-lián-chhia
**Pùn-sò** (糞埽), sī bô-su-iàu ia̍h-sī bô-lō͘-iōng ê kò͘-thé kap liû-thé bu̍t-chit, ia̍h chio̍h sī hòe-khì-bu̍t ê chi̍t khoán. Tī jîn-kháu bi̍t-chi̍p ê tōa siâⁿ-chhī, chia̍p-khoàⁿ ê pùn-sò chhú-lí hong-hoat sī tī siu-chi̍p liáu-āu sàng-óng iám-mâi-tiûⁿ, ia̍h-sī sú-iōng hûn-hòa-lô͘ kā hóe-hòa. Put-jî-kò, nn̄g-khoán hong-sek lóng ē chō-sêng khoân-kéng pó-hō͘ ê būn-tê, nā chiong-chí kòe-thâu siau-hùi, khó-lêng tiō ē-sái chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ kiám-khin iám-mâi-tiûⁿ ê páu-hô thêng-tō͘. Iám-mâi-tiûⁿ ê pùn-sò nā chhú-lí bô-hó-sè, khó-lêng ē ù-jiám tē-hā-chúi kap hoat-chut chhàu-bī, jî-chhiáⁿ chē-chē siâⁿ-chhī ē-sái iám-mâi ê só͘-chāi sī lú-lâi-lú chió. Hóe-hòa bô-hoat-tō͘ pī-bián lâi sán-seng ū-to̍k ê khì-thé, gûi-hāi seng-bu̍t-thé ê sin-thé kiān-khong. To-sò͘ ê siâⁿ-chhī lóng teh gián-kiù àn-choáⁿ lâi kiám-chió pùn-sò ê hong-hoat kap kó͘-lē chu-goân hôe-siu.
**Chhiong-chek pêⁿ-po͘** (Hàn-jī: **沖積平埔**; Eng-gí: *alluvial plain*), ia̍h **chhiong-chek pêng-goân** (Hàn-jī: **沖積平原**), sī siū-tio̍h hô-chhoan tîm-chek chok-iōng ê pêng-goân tē-hêng, it-poaⁿ chhut-hiān tī hô-chhoan tiong-iû, chúi-bóe, it-ti̍t kàu khe-kháu.

Lūi-hêng
--------

### Sìⁿ-chōng-tē

Siông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: sìⁿ-chōng-tē
**Sìⁿ-chōng-tē** sī khe-chúi tùi soaⁿ-kok lâu ·ji̍p-khì pêng-goân ê sî, in-ūi tē-hêng pìⁿ khah pêⁿ, lâu-sok pìⁿ khah bān, tì-sú tîm-chek chok-iōng cheng-kiông, só͘ sán-seng ê tē-hêng, hó-chhin-chhiūⁿ chi̍t ki khe-sìⁿ. 

### Saⁿ-kak-chiu

Siông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: saⁿ-kak-chiu
**Sak-kak-chiu** sī khe-chúi lâi-kàu khe-kháu ê sî sán-seng ê chhiong-chek tē-hêng. Hô-tō khó-lêng tī chia koh pun-lâu, chhin-chhiūⁿ saⁿ-kak-hêng ê tōa-siá Hi-lia̍p jī-bó Δ só͘-í Eng-gí kā hō-chò "**delta**".

### Hoàn-lām pêⁿ-pò

Siông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: hoàn-lām pêⁿ-po͘
**Hoàn-lām pêng-goân** sī tī hô-chhoan tī chúi-bóe ē hêng-sêng ê tē-hêng. Khe-chúi tī chia bān-bān-á lâu, hô-tō pìⁿ kah chin khoah, ū-sî koh ē khiau-lâi khiau-khì, chhiùⁿ chôa leh sô, kiò-chò chúi-chôa-siû; hô-tō khó-lêng tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ē kài-tō, ia̍h-sī hun chò chiok chē tiâu, chiâⁿ-chò pīⁿ-chōng-khe. Chò-tōa-chúi ê sî, hoán-lâm pêⁿ-po͘ chúi ē tiòng kòe khoe-á-kîⁿ, kā khah kē ê só͘-chāi bi̍t lo̍h-khì chúi-té.

Siòng-phō͘
----------

* Tâi-oân ê Ka-lâm Pêng-goân kap Lô-chúi-khe Chhiong-chek Pêng-goân lóng sī chhiong-chek pêng-goân.Tâi-oân ê Ka-lâm Pêng-goân kap Lô-chúi-khe Chhiong-chek Pêng-goân lóng sī chhiong-chek pêng-goân.
* Niú Se-lân ê hoán-lām pêng-goân, hô-tō sī pìⁿ-chōng-khe.Niú Se-lân ê hoán-lām pêng-goân, hô-tō sī pìⁿ-chōng-khe.
* Bangladesh ê Hêng-hô saⁿ-kak-chiu sī sè-kài siōng tōa ê saⁿ-kak-chiuBangladesh ê Hêng-hô saⁿ-kak-chiu sī sè-kài siōng tōa ê saⁿ-kak-chiu
* Tiong-kok Teklimakan Soa-bo̍k ê sìⁿ-chōng-tē.Tiong-kok Teklimakan Soa-bo̍k ê sìⁿ-chōng-tē.
**1001 Mî** (Pho-su-bûn: هزار و یک شب, *Hazār-o Yak Šab*; A-la-pek-bûn: كتاب ألف ليلة وليلة, *Kitāb 'Alf Layla wa-Layla*) sī tùi A-la-pek kap Pho-su thoân--chhut-lâi ê chi̍t-hē-thóng ê kò͘-sū, chit-pún bûn-chi̍p sī tiong-sè-kí Sai-lâm-a (Tiong-tang) ê bûn-ha̍k sū-sū-si, chú-tê sī kóng 1-ê hō-chò Shahryar ê kok-ông in-ūi bó͘ hoán-poē--i, choaⁿ-á ta̍k-àm lóng kap 1-ê chāi-sek-lú khùn, thiⁿ-kng tō kā thâi--sí. Chái-siòng ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ Scheherazade (Pho-su ê Shahrzad) soah kam-goān kè hō͘ ông, ūi-tio̍h mài khì hō͘ ông tī thiⁿ-thiah-ha̍h tō kā thâi--sí, i ta̍k-àm kóng-kó͘ hō͘ i ê ang-sài thiaⁿ, koh thiau-kang ta̍k-àm lóng kā kò͘-sū thêng tī leh hō͘ lâng sim-koaⁿ hiāuⁿ-hiāuⁿ chin kín-tiuⁿ ê só͘-chāi, ti̍t-ti̍t kóng chhiau-koè 1001-mê.

Khêng-si̍t che kui-thò kò͘-sū chhòng-chok ê sî-kan èng-kai ū ēng kúi-ā-ê sè-kí. Kóng-kó͘ ê lâng koh-iūⁿ, koh kóng-kó͘ ê chhiú-lō͘ mā koh-iūⁿ, chóng--sī chiah-ê kò͘-sū ū-iáⁿ soà-phah, khah chhut-miâ--ê pí-lūn: Aladdin, Ali Baba kap 40-ê cheng-piàng, hām Chúi-hu Sinbad 7-pái koè-iûⁿ téng-téng, sǹg sī chha-put-to ta̍k-só͘-chāi lóng tiāⁿ thiaⁿ-tio̍h ê kò͘-sū.
**Blagoveshchensk** (Lō͘-se-a-gí: Благовещенск) sī Lō͘-se-a Amur Chiu ê chi̍t ê siâⁿ-chhī.

Tualchhung sawrkar
------------------

Kum 1876 atanga Soviet hunlai thleng khan Blagoveshchensk khawpui mayor te chu M. O. Mokeevsky, L. A. Benkendorf, V. I. Kukhterin, P. F. Turchaninov, V. P. Efimov, A. V. Kirillov, I. D. Prishepenko, P. P. Popov, A. N. Alekseevsky, A. V. Chernyak te an ni.

#### Mayor-te (1991–2010) te chuan .

Lyashko, Yuri Gavrilovich, kum 1985 atanga 1996 chhung khan Blagoveshchensk khawpui mayor (city executive committee chairman) a ni.

Kolyadin Alexander Mikhailovich, kum 1996 atanga 2004 thleng khan Blagoveshchensk mayor a ni.

Migulya, Alexander Anatolyevich chu November 28, 2004 khan Blagoveshchensk khawpui mayor atan thlan tlin a ni. March 1, 2009 khan term hnihna atan thlan nawn leh a ni. April 26, 2010 khan Amur Region governor thupek hmangin Alexander Anatolyevich Migulya chu Blagoveshchensk khawpui mayor a nihna aṭangin ban a ni.

#### Municipality hotute an ni

Vladimir Kobelev hi July 15, 2010 atanga 2014 thleng khan Blagoveshchensk khawpui municipality hotu a ni.

Administration hotute an ni

Kum 2010-2011 chhung khan Nevedomsky leh Nikolai Alekseevich te an tel a;

Kum 2011-2014 chhung khan Berezovsky leh Pavel Viktorovich te an tel a;

Leh. O. February 21, 2014 atanga September 19, 2014 thleng khan Alexander Alexandrovich Kozlov;

#### Mayor te (kum 2014 atang khan)

September 19, 2014 atanga March 25, 2015 thleng khan Alexander Kozlov;

July 25, 2015 atanga July 25, 2020 thleng - Kalita Valentina Sergeevna (March 25 atanga July 25 thleng a thawk);

July 27, 2020 khan Imameev Oleg Gataullovich chuan Blagoveshchensk khawpui mayor hna a chelh tan a.

#### Blagoveshchensk City Duma-a chairman-te an ni

September 19, 2019 atang khan Evglevskaya Elena Igorevna;

1. ↑  Александр Козлов: вопросы к работе чиновника | Вслух.ru (vsluh.ru)
***BioShock*** sī 2007 nî chhut-phín ê tiān-chú iû-hì, lūi-hêng sī FPS/RPG ê saⁿ-lām, lōe-iông sī koan-hē khong-sióng ê 1960 nî-tāi hái-té siâⁿ-chhī *Rapture* ê kho-ha̍k siáu-soat goân-sò͘ kò͘-sū.

Gē-su̍t iūⁿ-sek
---------------

Pún gém te̍k-pia̍t tiōng Art Déco hong-keh ê bí-si̍t siat-keh, kiam thàu lām chi̍t kóa bī-lâi-sek sêng-hun.

*Bioshock* tùi Ayn Rand ê chok-phín *Atlas Shrugged* chioh ji̍p khài-liām lâi chè-chō sióng-siōng ê sè-kài.

Sòa-chiap chok-phín
-------------------

* BioShock 2
* BioShock Infinite

Chham-chiàu
-----------

### Su-chì

* Feige, Daniel Martin (2012). "Computer Games as Works of Art". *Computer Games and New Media Cultures*. ISBN 978-94-007-2777-9.
* Rose, Jason. "The Value of Art in BioShock: Ayn Rand, Emotion, and Choice". Chū Luke Cuddy. *BioShock and Philosophy: Irrational Game, Rational Book*. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 9781118915868.

### Chù-kha

1. 1 2  Feige 2012
2. ↑  Rose 2015
**Hiân-ga̍k-khì** sī ga̍k-khì lāi-té ê 1 ki, chí--ê sī thàu-koè tùi hiân chì-kek ê hong-sek,hō͘ hiân chùn-tōng, chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ tì-sú ga̍k-khì chhut-siaⁿ ê ga̍k-khì. Beh hō͘ hiân chùn-tōng, tio̍h ū hō͘ hiân pún-seng sán-seng tiong-le̍k ê ke-si, chit-lūi ê ga̍k-khì mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ū hō͘ hiân chhut-siaⁿ liáu-āu, siaⁿ-im thang thàu-koè kiōng-bêng lâi hàm-toā ê siat-kè tī-leh.

Nā àn-chiàu Hornbostel-Sachs hē-thóng ê ga̍k-khì hun-lūi-ha̍k, chit-lō goân-lí ê ga̍k-khì hō-chò hiân-bêng ga̍k-khì

Sán-seng siaⁿ-im ê hong-sek
---------------------------

Ki-pún-siōng chit-lūi ê ga̍k-khì sán-seng siaⁿ-im ê hong-sek, tō sī thàu-koè tùi hiân kā "poé", "e" iah-sī "tiak" chit 3 chióng chhiú-lō͘, kin-kì chit 3 chióng hong-sek, lán thang kā chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ hun-chò "poé-hiân ga̍k-khì", "e-hiân ga̍k-khì" kap "tiak-hiân ga̍k-khì".

* Poé-hiân ga̍k-khì: Poé hiân chhut-siaⁿ, ēng chéng-thâu-á, chéng-kah he̍k-chiá sī hia̍p-chō͘ ê ke-si lâi kā hiân poé tín-tāng. Gí-tah kap cheng tō sio̍k-tī chit-lūi.

* E-hiân ga̍k-khì: E hiân chhut-siaⁿ. Chhiú-khîm, hiân-á kap toā-kóng-hiân tō sī án-ne hoat-siaⁿ--ê. E-á téng-koân sù-siông ē tàu bé boé ê mn̂g téng-téng chit-khoán khah gâu khê-chhat ê mi̍h,ēng lâi ti̍t-chiap e hiân.

* Tiak-hiân ga̍k-khì: Tiak hiân chhut-siaⁿ. Kǹg-khîm tō sī chit-lūi ê ga̍k-khì.

Sui-bóng ū koân-téng ê hun-lūi, m̄-koh pēng bô tāi-piáu ta̍k-khoán ga̍k-khì ê chàu-hoat sī kò͘-tēng--ê. Pí-lūn chhiú-khîm chit-lūi ê e-hiân ga̍k-khì mā-sī ū poé hiân ê chàu-hoat tī-leh--leh.

Chiah-ê lia̍h-goā, poé-hiân kǹg-khîm (*harpsichord*) kap kǹg-khîm chit 2 chióng ga̍k-khì, it-poaⁿ-tek bô sǹg-chò phó-thong ê hiân-ga̍k-khì, in koh lēng-goā chò 1 lūi, hō-chò khîm-jí ga̍k-khì.
Hiān-tāi Tek-kok lāi ê Sū-óa-bûn (âng-sek). Nn̄g-sek ê só͘-chāi sī O͘-chhiū-nâ Bâ-á Kūn, hia sī Sū-óa-bûn hong-giân kah Siōng Lâi-in hong-giân (*Oberrheinalemannisch*) kah Khang-sū-thán-ô͘ hong-giân (*Bodenseealemannisch*) ê kòe-tō͘ tē-tài. Ah Pó͘-tǹg-ô͘ Kūn sai-pō͘ m̄ sī hiān-tāi Sū-óa-bûn ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Âng-sek khu-he̍k tiong-ng hit tiâu o͘-sòaⁿ sī Baden-Württemberg (sai) kah Bavaria (tang) ê kài-sòaⁿ.
Baden-Württemberg ê bûn-chiong
**Sū-óa-bûn** (Hàn-jī: 士瓦文; Tek-gí: **Schwaben**) sī Tek-kok sai-lâm-pō͘ chi̍t ê bûn-hòa-siōng, le̍k-sú-siōng, mā sī gí-giân-siōng ê tē-lí-khu. Sū-óa-bûn chit-ê miâ-chheng sī ùi tiong-sè-kí ê Sū-óa-bûn Kong-kok lâi--ê, kong-kok ê léng-thó͘ kah lēng-gōa chi̍t ê thoân-thóng tē-lí-khu A-lê-bān (*Alemannen*) ū tùi-tâng.

Sū-óa-bûn ê chāi-tē-lâng kiò-chò Sū-óa-bûn-lâng (*Schwabe*, *Schwaben*), in kóng ê ōe sī Sū-óa-bûn-ōe (*Schwäbische Dialekte*).

Tē-lí
-----

Sū-óa-bûn ê kiong-kài bô bêng-khak ê tēng-gī, Au-chiu chiok chē bûn-hòa khu-he̍k mā lóng sī án-ne. Put-jî-kò, hiān-tāi lán it-poaⁿ sī kā kó͘-chá ê Sū-óa-bûn Hêng-chèng-kho͘ (*Schwäbischer Reichskreis*), he̍k-chiá sī ì-sù kāng-khoán ê Württemberg Chiu, he̍k-chiá sī hiān-tāi Thú-bēng-kǹg Hêng-chèng-khu (*Reg.-Bez. Tübingen*; tû-khì Bodensee Kūn í-chêng Bâ-tǹg tē-khu ê pō͘-hūn lia̍h-gōa), Sū-tu̍t-kat Hêng-chèng-khu (*Reg.-Bez. Stuttgart*), koh ū Bái-ián Sū-óa-bûn (*Reg.-Bez. Schwaben*).

Le̍k-sú
-------

Kong-goân 1000 nî chó-iū ê Sū-óa-bûn Kong-kok 
Tī Thih-khì Sî-tāi, Sū-óa-bûn Tē-khu siù-tio̍h La-tián Bûn-hòa ê éng-hióng, só͘-í in ê bûn-hòa mā ū Gallia ê ki-chhó͘ tī--leh. Lô-má Tè-kok sî-tāi, chia sī Raetia-séng ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn.

### Sū-óa-bûn Kong-kok

**Sū-óa-bûn** **Kong-kok** sī goân-pún Tang Hu̍t-lân-khek Ông-kok (tiō-sī āu-lâi ê Sîn-sèng Lô-má Tè-kok) ê chi̍t ê pō͘-lo̍k kong-kok. Hit-chūn ū kiàn-li̍p kúi-nā-ê tiōng-iàu ê siu-hōe-īⁿ, chhiūⁿ Sèng Ka-liân (*St. Gallen*) siu-hōe-īⁿ kah Lâi-hek-náu (*Reichenau*) siu-hōe-īⁿ, Sū-óa-bûn chū-án-ne tī chit-ê sî-kî chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t ê tiōng-iàu ê Kó͘-chá Ko-tē Tek-gí ê bûn-hòa tiōng-tìn.

Khah-ló͘-lēng Ông-tiâu bóe-kî, **Sū-óa-bûn** si̍t-chè-siōng sī kok-li̍p--ê. 10 sè-kí chá-kî ū nn̄g ê ông-tiâu leh thóng-tī Sū-óa-bûn, chi̍t-ê sī thóng-tī Khu-hē-chhiàn (*Churrätien*) tē-khu ê Hun-hu̍t-lī-tēng (*Hunfriding*) pek-chiok, chi̍t-ê sī thóng-tī Bā-á (*Baar*) Tē-khu ê A-ha-ló͘-heng (*Ahalolfings*) ka-cho̍k. Nn̄g ê ông-tiâu chi-kan ū hoat-seng chhiong-tu̍t, lo̍h-bóe, tī 919 nî ê Bín-thah-hù-ò (*Winterthur*) Chiàn-cheng tiong, Hun-hu̍t-lī-tēng ê Bú-hā-toh 2-sè (*Burchard II*) sèng-lī. Tang Hu̍t-lân-khek ê sin kok-ông Hái-in-lī-hi 1-sè, sêng-jīn Bú-hā-toh 2-sè sī chi̍t ê kong-chiok, m̄-kò tī 960 nî-tāi, Bú-hā-toh 3-sè thóng-tī ê Sū-óa-bûn Kong-kok khì hō͘ O͘-thô͘ 1-sè ê Sîn-sèng Lô-má Tè-kok chia̍h-tiāu.

Bûn-hòa
-------

### Gí-giân

Alemanni hong-giân thoân-thóng-siōng (19, 20 sè-kí) ê hun-pò͘
**Ji̍t-pún tsâi-thuân** (ji̍t-gú: 日本財団, ing-gú: Nippon Foundation) sī Ji̍t-pún Tang-kiann tsi̍t-ê su-jîn ê, hui-îng-lī ê puah-khuán [en] tsoo-tsit. Ji̍t-pún tsâi-thuân sī-iû ki̍k iū-i̍k [en] tsìng-tī-ka, tsiàn-huān hiâm-gî-jîn hām sing-lí-lâng Sasakawa Ryōichi [en] tī 1962-nî sóo tshòng-li̍p. Tsit-ê ki-kim-huē ê sú-bīng sī kā Ji̍t-pún motoo-bóo [en] pí-sài ê siu-ji̍p iōng teh tsû-siān ua̍h-tāng, lî-tshiánn koh lī-iōng tsit-pit tsu-kim teh kok-lāi-guā tsáu-tshuē tsuân-kiû hái-sū huat-tián hām jîn-tō tsú-gī kang-tsok uān-tsōo. Teh jîn-tō tsú-gī líng-i̍k, tiōng-tiám sī teh kuan-tsù siā-huē hok-lī, kong-kiōng uē-sing, kàu-io̍k tíng-tíng líng-i̍k. Tsit-ê ki-kim-huē iū-koh in-uī suan-iông Ji̍t-pún li̍k-sú siu-tsìng tsú-gī [en] jî-lâi siū-tio̍h phue-phîng, Ti̍k-pia̍t sī teh hún-sik Ji̍t-pún teh jī-tsiàn tang-tiong sóo huān ê iú-kuan tsiàn-tsing hong-bīn ê tsuē-hîng [en].

Uì 2003-nî í-lâi, tsit-ê ki-kim-huē it-ti̍t teh thui-kóng tshiú-gú; tsong-tsí sī hōo tshàu-hīnn lâng tshiong-hun tsham-ú siā-huē, in koh-teh Gallaudet tāi-ha̍k [en] kah Tsuân-kok tshàu-hīnn lâng ki-su̍t ha̍k-īnn [en] (NTID) uī-tio̍h tshàu-hīnn lâng siat-li̍p tsiáng-ha̍k-kim [en].

Hiān-jīm tsú-si̍k sī tsong-tsí teh siau-bia̍t ke-jiáu-hong ê sè-kài uī-sing tsoo-tsit tshin-siān tāi-sài [en], Ji̍t-pún tsìng-hú myanmar bîn-tso̍k hô-kái ti̍k-sú Sasakawa Yōhei [en], i tio̍h-sī ki-kim-huē tshòng-sí-jîn Sasakawa Ryōichi [en] ê hāu-senn.

Tsù-kái
-------

1. ↑  The Nippon Foundation Library, accessed 14 March 2013
2. ↑  "Nippon Foundation financial statements ,"
3. ↑  Nippon Foundation – Careers (Japanese), accessed 14 March 2013
4. ↑  "History on Trial: French Nippon Foundation Sues Scholar for Libel to Protect the Honor of Sasakawa Ryōichi—— •French, Japanese documents available".
5. ↑  "Nippon Foundation Scholars". *Gallaudet University* (ēng Eng-gí). 2022-06-22 khòaⁿ--ê.

Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k
----------------

* *Entretien avec Nicolas Beau : « Les journalistes ne font pas leur travail »,*  nouvelobs.com, 7 juin 2006. (Huat-gú)
* 佐藤誠三郎『笹川良一研究 異次元からの使者』 中央公論社 1998年. ISBN2 4120028178 (Ji̍t-pún-gí)
* 曽野綾子『日本財団9年半の日々』 徳間書店 2005年. ISBN2 4198620326 (Ji̍t-pún-gí)

Tsham-ua̍t
----------

* ki̍k iū-i̍k tsìng-tī [en] (ki̍k iū-i̍k/Far-right politics})

Guā-pōo liân-kiat
-----------------

* The Nippon Foundations website
* The Nippon Foundation Blog
* The Nippon Foundation Youtube
* Scandinavia-Japan Sasakawa Foundation

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | 
* WorldCat Identities
* VIAF: 145602024
* LCCN: n98950822
* ISNI: 0000 0004 1789 2754
* GND: 1191384411
* BIBSYS: 8027152
* NDL: 001120306
* CiNii: DA14907315

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***Liông-sîn Kiat-sî*** (良辰吉時) sī Tâi-oân CATCHPLAY+ ê tiān-sī-kio̍k‎ î 2022 nî 3 go̍eh 27 kàu chì 2022 nî 4 go̍eh 24 ji̍t pò͘-chhut ê liân-sio̍k-kio̍k.

Cheng-gī
--------

Chit chhut hì ê chú-tê-khek *I Promise* siū Tē 57 Kài Kim-cheng-chióng ê khún-tēng, tek tio̍h Chú-tê Koa-khek Chióng. Chú-tê Koa-khek Chióng mā sī tī hit kài Kim-cheng-chióng thâu 1 pái siat ê chióng-lūi. Tio̍h chióng liáu-āu, soah hông hoat-hiān chit tiâu koa-khek si̍t-chè siōng sī 2021 nî Tāi-kah Má-chó͘ Sûn-kéng ê khai-bō͘ koa-khek. M̄-sī ūi pún hì-chhut só͘ choh ê koa-khek. Keng-kòe kúi-ā-ji̍t ê tiau-cha, Bûn-hòa-pō͘ jīn-tēng *I Promise* chit tiâu koa-khek khak-si̍t sī iû "Tāi-kah Má-chó͘ Sûn-kéng" só͘ iōng ê koa lâi kái-pian. In-ūi án-ne bô hû-ha̍p Kim-cheng-chióng ê chióng-lē iàu-tiám: Chú-tê Koa-khek Chióng èng-tong ài sī ūi bó͘ hì-chhut a̍h-sī mini hì-kio̍k lâi chhòng-chok ê choân-sin chok-phín. Só͘-í bóe-á Bûn-hòa-pō͘ kong-kò, kái kā Chú-tê Koa-khek Chióng pan hō͘ *Sio̍k-lú Ióng-sêng Kì 2* ê hì-kio̍k koa-khek *Ô-á Mī-sòaⁿ*.

Chham-khó Chu-liāu
------------------

1. ↑  Tē 57 Kài Kim-cheng-chióng ê Chú-tê Koa-khek Chióng *I Promise* chhú-siau tio̍h chióng chu-keh, kái iû *Ô-á Mī-sòaⁿ* tek chióng. Bûn-hòa-pō͘ chiam-tùi hêng-chèng so͘-sit tō-khiam
**Hoān Peng-peng** (范冰冰, 1981 nî 9 goe̍h 16 ji̍t chhut-sì ) sī Tiong-kok chhut-miâ ê ián-goân kiam koa-chhiú,tī Soaⁿ-tang Chheng-tó chhut-sì, chó͘-che̍k Ian-tâi, ū ián tiān-sī-kio̍k, tiān-iáⁿ kap phah kóng-kò, bāng-iú kā i chheng-ho͘ chòe Hoān-iâ(范爺), tāi-piáu chok-phín ū *Koan-im-soaⁿ* (觀音山), *Phōng-kó* (蘋果), *Chhiú-ki* (手機),*Jī-chhù pho̍͘k-kng* (二次曝光) téng-téng, gú-giân lêng-le̍k tû-liáu Hôa-gú í-gōa, i mā ōe-hiáu kóng tām-po̍h-á ê Hoat-gú, sī hiān-chhú-sî tī Tiong-kok éng-hióng-le̍k kài tōa ê gē-jîn.

Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
-----------------

* Bingbing Fan tī Bāng-lō͘ Tiān-iáⁿ Chu-liāu-khò͘
* Fan Bingbing 范冰冰 ê Facebook choan-ia̍h
* Hoān Peng-peng tī Sin-lōng Bî-phok (Hàn-gí) registration required
* Hoān Peng-peng tī Instagram

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | 
* WorldCat Identities
* VIAF: 95089126
* LCCN: no2007114628
* ISNI: 0000 0000 7854 4383
* GND: 1143148878
* SUDOC: 17623571X
* BNF: cb16192365x (data)
* MusicBrainz: 19e62fde-cab5-4d3f-a9f7-522893e14b28
* NLA: 40850414
* NKC: xx0159403
* BNE: XX5256454

 |

 |
***Lucky Luke*** sī Morris oē ê chi̍t-hē-lia̍t ang-á-oē. Kò͘-sū ê chú-kak Lucky Luke sī Bí-kok sai-pō͘ ê chi̍t-ê cowboy. Ang-á-oē āu--lâi mā ū hông kái-chò bàng-gah iáⁿ-chi̍p kap tiān-iáⁿ.

Chhut-pán le̍k-sú
-----------------

Morris tī 1946 nî khai-sí oē *Lucky Luke*. Tē-1-ê kò͘-sū hō chò *Arizona 1880*, tī ang-á-oē cha̍p-chì *Le Journal de Spirou* hoat-piáu. Thâu-khí-seng kúi tang lóng sī Morris kā-kī oē tô͘ kā-kī siá kò͘-sū. Āu--lâi i kap René Goscinny ha̍p-chok, 1955 nî khái-sí kái hō͘ Goscinny pian-siá kò͘-sū. Morris kap Goscinny ha̍p-chok it-ti̍t kàu Goscinny 1977 nî koè-sin chiah soah, chit-toāⁿ sî-kan sī *Lucky Luke* siāng sî-kiâⁿ ê sî-chūn.

Āu--lâi Morris mā ū kap pa̍t-ê chok-chiá ha̍p-chok, pau-koat Xavier Fauche kap Jean Léturgie. Morris tī 2001 nî koè-sin liáu-āu, hiān-chú-sî ê pán-pún sī Achdé (tô͘) kap Laurent Gerra (kò͘-sū) teh chhòng-chok, ang-á-oē ê miâ mā kái chò *Les nouvelles aventures de Lucky Luke* (Lucky Luke ê sin mō͘-hiám).
**Hiàn-hoat** (憲法), koh hō-chò **hiàn-chiong** (憲章), **kin-pún-hoat** (根本法) he̍k-chiá **hiàn-chè bûn-kiāⁿ** (憲制文件), sī chi̍t ê chú-khoân kok-ka, chèng-tī si̍t-thé, chū-tī tē-khu, liân-pang-chè kok-ka ê liân-pang-chiu, ia̍h-sī kok-chè cho͘-chit ê siāng ki-pún hoat-lu̍t. Hām hiàn-hoat ū kāng-khoán tē-ūi ê hoat-lu̍t iáu-koh ū ki-pún-hoat.

Hiàn-hoat thong-siông kui-tēng chi̍t ê kok-ka ê siā-hōe chè-tō͘, kok-ka chè-tō͘, kok-ka ki-koan, kong-bîn ê ki-pún khoân-lī kap gī-bū téng, m̄-koh bô-it-tēng pau-hâm í-siōng choân-pō͘ lōe-iông, chhin-chhiūⁿ ē chiām-chiām cheng-ka hiàn-hoat lōe-iông ê Eng-kok put-sêng-bûn hiàn-hoat. Ū-ê hiàn-hoat (te̍k-pia̍t sī sêng-bûn hiàn-hoat) ē hān-chè chèng-hú ê khoân-lī, i-ê hong-sek sī chè-tēng chi̍t-kóa chèng-hú khoân-lī ê ūn-chok hoān-ûi (chhin-chhiūⁿ jîn-bîn ê ki-pún-khoân), chhiūⁿ Bí-kok Hiàn-hoat chiū sī chit khoán hiàn-hoat. Hiàn-hoat ê chè-tēng kap siu-kái it-poaⁿ ài keng-kòe te̍k-tēng ê thêng-sū. Khó-niû Bí-kok Hiàn-hoat kap Bí-kok o͘-lô͘ chân-keng tông-sî pēng-chûn, jīn-tēng hiàn-hoat pēng m̄-sī bîn-chú kok-ka te̍k-iú ê hoat-lu̍t chióng-lūi, í hiàn-hoat ê goân-bûn *constitution* chò-ûi su-khó ê khí-tiám, hiàn-hoat ê tēng-gī kî-si̍t sī kok-ka ki-pún kiat-kò͘ ê ì-sù.

Ìn-tō͘ Hiàn-hoat sī sè-kài só͘-ū chú-khoân kok-ka phian-hok siāng tn̂g ê sêng-bûn hiàn-hoat, chóng-kiōng ū 444 tiâu, pun 22 chiuⁿ, 12 tiuⁿ pió, kap 118 ê siu-chèng-àn; nā hoan-e̍k chò Ìn-tō͘ Eng-gí ū 117,369 jī. Siong-tùi, Bí-kok Hiàn-hoat sī phian-hok siāng té ê sêng-bûn hiàn-hoat, chóng-kiōng 7 tiâu kap 27 ê siu-chèng-àn, ha̍p-kè 4,400 jī.

Te̍k-sèng
---------

Lí-lūn-siōng, hiàn-hoat ê hāu-le̍k pí pún-kok kî-thaⁿ hoat-lu̍t kap hoat-kui koân. Hiàn-hoat hoán-èng kai-kip le̍k-liōng ê tùi-pí koan-hē. M̄-koh tī hiān-si̍t tiong, hiàn-hoat pēng m̄-sī tī só͘-ū kok-ka lāi lóng ū khoân-ui-sèng. Tī bô-kāng ê sî-tāi kap lūi-hêng ê kok-ka, hiàn-hoat ê hêng-sek kap lōe-iông mā bô-siáⁿ-kāng, m̄-koh lóng sī thóng-tī kai-kip ì-chì ê piáu-hiān, sī si̍t-hiān in kai-kip choan-chèng ê tiōng-iàu kang-kū. Ūi-tio̍h beh pó-chèng hiàn-hoat ê khoân-ui-sèng, su-iàu chi̍t thò siong-èng ê thé-hē lâi khak-pó bô lâng ē-tàng ûi-pōe hiàn-hoat. Che chiū sī ûi-hiàn sím-cha. Tī hiān-tāi bîn-chú kok-ka, in-ūi si̍t-si ûi-hiàn sím-cha chè-tō͘, chi̍t tiâu hoat-kui jû-kó hām hiàn-hoat sio ûi-pōe, tiō ē sit-hāu. Ah tī hui-bîn-chú kok-ka, hiàn-hoat ê siāng koân hāu-le̍k keng-siông bē-tàng tit-tio̍h ū-hāu ê î-hō͘, tì-sú hiàn-hoat sit-khì ì-gī.
**Mahabharata** (Devanagari-bûn siá-chò महाभारत) sī kó͘-chá Ìn-tō͘ ê 1-phiⁿ chong-kàu-tek, tiat-ha̍k-tek, sîn-oē-tek sū-sū-si. Mahabharata mā sī Ìn-tō͘-kàu ê 1-phō sèng-chu, m̄-nā án-ne, Mahabharata koh sī sè-kài-siōng 3-toā sū-sū-si lāi-té ê 1-siú, koh i hām Ramayana mā kāng-sî sī kó͘-chá Ìn-tō͘ ê 2-siú chú-iàu ê Sanskrit ê sū-sū-si.

Mahabharata lóng-chóng ū chhiau-koè 74,000-chiat, koh lēng-goā ū chin tn̂g ê sàn-bûn ê pō͘-hūn, jī-sò͘ chha-put-to ū 180-bān, sī choân-sè-kài siōng-tn̂g ê sū-sū-si. Pí--khí-lâi, Mahabharata iok-kî-lio̍k sī Sèng-keng tn̂g-tō͘ ê 4-poē, koh tāi-iok sī Ilias hām Odusseia ka--khí-lâi ê 10-poē, nā kap Ramayana pí, Mahabharata mā ū i ê 4-poē hiah tn̂g--leh.

Tī Ìn-tō͘, Mahabharata ū chin khoah koh chin chhim ê chong-kàu kap tiat-ha̍k tiōng-iàu-sèng, chit-tiám, tùi i te̍k-pia̍t hō͘ lâng siu tī Ìn-tō͘-kàu ê keng-su Bhagavad Gita lāi-té, tō khoàⁿ-ē--chhut-lâi.

"Mahabharata" ê ì-sù sī "Úi-tāi ê Bharata", ēng chit-má ê oē lâi kóng, tō-sī "Úi-tāi ê Ìn-tō͘" ia̍h-sī "Bharata ông-tiâu úi-tāi ê kò͘-sū" ê ì-sù.

Thoân-thóng ê kóng-hoat lóng sī kā Vyasa tòng-chò chok-chiá. Chóng--sī chit-siú sū-sū-si kài tn̂g--leh, kú-tn̂g í-lâi, koan-hē i ê bûn-hiàn gián-kiù, lóng ti̍t-ti̍t siūⁿ-beh hun-thiah i tī bô-kâng le̍k-sú sî-tāi ê hoat-tián kap cho͘-ha̍p. Chit-siú sū-sū-si ê kin-thâu kiám-chhái sī tī se-goân-chêng tē-8 ia̍h tē-9 sè-kí, m̄-koh hiān-chhú-sî chit-ê pán-pún siōng-chá ê nî-tāi èng-kai bē khah chá koè se-goân-chêng 400-nî.
| Tiong-kok kok-kua [en] |
| --- |
| 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  "Pu Tian Yue" (hui kuan-hong)  |  1878–1896
  |
|  "Tune of Li Zhongtang" (hui kuan-hong)  |  1896–1906
  |
|  "Praise the Dragon Flag" (hui kuan-hong)  |  1906–1911
  |
|  "Cup of Solid Gold"  |  1911–1912
  |
|  "Song of Five Races Under One Union"  |  1912–1913
  |
|  "Khing-hûn kua"  |  1913–1915
  |
|  "Tiong-huâ hiông-li̍p ú-tiū kan" |  1915–1921
  |
|  "Khing-hûn kua"  |  1921–1928
  |
|  "Sam-bîn tsú-gī kua"  |  1928–present
  |
|  "Kok-tsè kua"  |  1931–1937
  |
|  "Gī-ióng-kun tsìn-hîng-khik"  |  1949–bo̍k-tsiân
  |

 |
| * hián
* lūn
* pian
 |

Gī-ióng-kun Chìn-hêng-khek tan-khek
**Gī-ióng-kun Chìn-hêng-khek** (義勇軍進行曲) sī Tiong-kok hiān-sî ê kok-koa; 1935 nî iû Tiân Hàn chok-sû, Lia̍p Ní chok-khek. Lia̍p Ní tong-nî sī kan-nā chhòng-chok kán-tan ê chú-soân-lu̍t phoāⁿ-chàu ga̍k-phó͘, bô-gōa-kú tiō chiâⁿ-chò Tiong-kok tiān-iáⁿ *Hong-hûn Jî-lú* ê chú-tê-koa, pēng hō͘ Bí-kok o͘-lâng koa-chhiùⁿ-ka Paul Robeson hoan-chhiùⁿ, lâi siaⁿ-oân Tiong-kok jîn-bîn ê kek-bēng tàu-cheng. Bo̍k-chiân, kok-lūi ga̍k-tūi teh ián-chàu chit-siú koa kap ha̍p-chhiùⁿ phoāⁿ-chàu ê sî, tōa-to àn-chiàu Lí Hoàn-chi tī 1953 nî ūi chit-tiâu koa siá-chok ê koán-hiân-ga̍k chóng-phó͘. Chit-tiâu koa tī khòng-ji̍t chiàn-cheng sî-kî tiō í-keng chin liû-hêng, bat hō͘ iû Tè An-lân chiong-kun chò su-tiúⁿ ê Kok-bîn Kek-bēng-kun Tē-gō͘-kun 200-su tēng-chò kun-koa. 1949 nî , Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok sêng-li̍p ê sî, Tiong-kok Jîn-bîn Chèng-tī Hia̍p-siong Hōe-gī Tē-it-kài Choân-thé Hōe-gī kā Gī-ióng-kun Chìn-hêng-khek tēng-chò tāi-kok-koa. 1982 nî 12 goe̍h, Choân-kok Jîn-bîn Tāi-piáu Tāi-hōe kā i chèng-sek tēng-chò kok-koa, tī 2004 nî 3 goe̍h siá-ji̍p hiàn-hoat.
**Sîn-chú-chú-gī** sī 1 chióng chèng-hú ê khoán-sek. Tī chit khoán chèng-hú--ni̍h, hêng-chèng ki-kò͘ kap tī-lí kok-ka ê lâng kap chú-iàu ê chong-kàu sī sio-liàm-tì-toà--ê. Tō chún chong-kàu ê thâu-lâng bô ti̍t-chiap chham-ú chèng-tī, in mā tùi chèng-tī ū chin toā ê éng-hióng-le̍k.

Hiān-chhú-sī thang tāi-piáu sîn-chú-chú-gī ê kok-ka
---------------------------------------------------

### Andorra

Thian-chú-kàu phah-phài tiàm Urgell ê chú-kàu sǹg-chò in kok ê ông-kong lāi-té 1 ê. M̄-koh bô si̍t-chāi ê koân.

### England

Àn-chiàu Eng-kok kok-kàu ê chú-tiuⁿ, England ê ông tō sī kàu-hoē ê toā-thâu-lâng. Si̍t-chè-siōng tī kàu-hoē--ni̍h chit-ê ông pēng bô si̍t-koân.

### Iran

Tī Iran ê 2 ê ki-kò͘ Choè-ko Léng-tō kap Siú-oē Hoē-gī ê sêng-oân m̄-sī thàu-koè soán-kí chhui-kí--ê. Lāi-té ê lâng lóng sī Shia ê kàu-sū. Nā in tiong-kan só͘ soán--chhut-lâi siōng kuân ê koaⁿ-oân tō sī Iran ê chóng-thóng.

### Í-sek-lia̍t

Ū lâng jīn-ûi tī Í-sek-lia̍t ê chèng-tī--ni̍h mā ū sîn-chú-chú-gī ê hiān-siōng. Che sī in-ūi Lia̍p-pí ê Lu̍t-hoat (Iû-thài Bûn-sū ê Lu̍t-hoat; rabbinical law) kap Bîn-hoat tī bó͘-chi̍t-kuá chêng-hêng ē-kha tio̍h-ài lām-chham sú-iōng. Lēng-goā Í-sek-lia̍t in kok mā ū chhiàⁿ Lia̍p-pí (Iû-thài-kàu ê sian-siⁿ). Chiah-ê lia̍p-pí in m̄-nā ū chong-kàu sin-hūn, mā ū kong-bū-oân ê chek-jīm.

### Vaticano

Lô-má Thian-chú-kàu Kàu-chong sī chit kok ê chèng-tī thâu-lâng kiam chong-kàu léng-siū.
***Sîn-bû-goa̍t Bû-lú*** (神無月の巫女, Kannazuki no Miko) sī Kaishaku chhòng-chok ê bàng-gah, mā bat hông kái-chok tōng-oē.

Kò͘-sū
------

Lâi-chhe-chhoan Ki-chú kap Ki-kiong Chhian-ko-im sī *It-kek Ha̍k-hnn̂g* ê ha̍k-seⁿ. In mā sī Ji̍t-chi-bú-lú kap Goa̍t-chi-bú-lú ê têng-chhut-sì. Nā-sī oán-kó͘ ê sîn "Tāi-siâ" koh chai-lâng, 2 ê bû-lú ài lâi hō͘ thoân-soat ê Tian-chông-ûn-kiàm koh-oa̍h, kā Tāi-siâ koh hong-ìn. Ūi-tio̍h kā in chó͘-chí, Tāi-siâ e 8 ê sú-iōng-lâng chài-saⁿ kā in kong-kek. Iá-m̄-kú, Tāi-siâ chi it ê Tāi-sîn Siong-má in-ùi kah-ì Ki-chú, soah poān-poē Tāi-siâ, pó-hō͘ Ki-chú.

Jîn-bu̍t
--------

Lâi-chhe-chhoan Ki-chú (来栖川 姫子, *Kurusugawa Himeko*?)
Ji̍t-thâu ê bû-lú. Tī It-kek Ha̍k-hnn̂g tha̍h 1 nî-ki̍p. Chi̍t-kai-sí i lia̍h-chò i kah-ì Siong-má, m̄-kú, tī kò͘-sū ê siōng-āu, i hoat-kak i ài--e sī Chhian-ko-im.
Ki-kiong Chhian-ko-im (姫宮千歌音, *Himemiya Chikane*?)
Goa̍t-niû ê bû-lú.
**Sîn-oē** sī chí bó·-chi̍t-lūi ê kò·-sū, chiah-ê kò·-sū sio̍k tī bô-kâng ê bûn-hoà, tī hiah-ê bûn-hoà lāi-té, ki-pún-siōng sī siong-sìn chiah-ê kò·-sū--ê, koh chiah-ê kò·-sū lāi-té, sī ēng chhiau-chū-jiân ê sū-kiāⁿ he̍k-chiá-sī jîn-bu̍t, lâi kái-soeh ú-tiū, chit sè-kài kap jîn-lūi ê pún-chit, ia̍h-sī seⁿ-sêng tō ū ê hē-hāng. Pí-lūn-kóng:

* Chit-ê sè-kài sī án-choáⁿ ū--ê?
* Lâng sī án-choáⁿ ū--ê?
* Sī án-choáⁿ lâng ē sí?

Sîn-oē--ni̍h bô tiāⁿ-tio̍h ū sîn, khêng-si̍t tī Se-kok ê gí-giân (chhin-chhiūⁿ Eng-gí ê *myth*), jī-sû pún-sin ê ì-sù hām sîn pēng bô tī-tāi. Nā chún sîn-oē lāi-té ū sîn--chhut-hiān, mā bô-it-tēng sī 1-ê, he̍̍k-chiá-sī chē-chē ê.

Sîn-oē ū-bat tī ta̍k-bîn-cho̍k ê siā-hoē lāi-té, chò chin tiōng-iàu ê chong-kàu kap sìn-gióng ê lō·-iōng. M̄-koh chit-khoán lō·-iōng tī hiān-tāi siā-hoē í-keng tau̍h-tau̍h-á soe-pāi.

Chóng--sī, sîn-oē tī ta̍k-ê bûn-hoà kûn-thé--ni̍h, iû-goân chiâⁿ-chò chhiau-chhoē in su-sióng chin tiōng-iàu ê chu-liāu, tī bûn-hoà jîn-lūi-ha̍k kap Bîn-sio̍k-ha̍k téng-téng ê ha̍k-kho lāi-té, koh ē chìn-chi̍t-pō· khì chò bûn-hoà chi-kan ê sîn-oē pí-kàu (pí-kàu sîn-oē-ha̍k), pí-lūn Ná-a ê toā-chûn kap chò-toā-chúi, tī chin chē bûn-hoà kûn-thé--ni̍h lóng ū sio-siâng ê kò·-sū, ha̍k-chiá tō ē khì gián-kiù khoàⁿ bô-kâng ê cho̍k-kûn tiong-kan sī m̄-sī ū sím-mi̍h khoán ê chih-chiap.

Gián-kiù sîn-oē ê ha̍k-kho chú-iàu sī sîn-oē-ha̍k, koh chong-kàu-ha̍k, le̍k-sú-ha̍k, bîn-cho̍k-ha̍k, bûn-hoà jîn-lūi-ha̍k hām bûn-ha̍k, mā lóng kā i tòng-chò gián-kiù ê tùi-siōng chi-it.
Associated Press
**Associated Press**, thang hoan-e̍k chò **AP Thong-sìn**, **Bí-kok Liân-ha̍p Thong-sìn-siā** ia̍h **Bí-kok Liân-ha̍p Sin-bûn-siā**, sī iû kok sêng-ôan tan-ūi cho·-sêng ê ha̍p-chok-hêng thong-sìn-siā. Tē-jī chhù sè-kài tāi-chiàn liáu-āu, i ê sêng-ôan khok-tōa kàu tiān-tâi, tiān-sī-tâi, ún-chún hui-chèng-sek siā-ôan lâi tiāⁿ sin-bûn-ko. Associated Press ê chóng-pō· tī Niú-iok. 

Associated Press chit-ê sin-bûn ki-kò· ê pian-chi̍p pō·-bûn chú-iàu ū: Kok-chè-pō·, Tùi-gōa-pō·, Keng-chè Sin-bûn-pō·, Thé-io̍k Sin-bûn-pō·, Tô·-phìⁿ Sin-bûn-pō·, Te̍k-kó-pō·, Kóng-pò· Sin-bûn-pō·, Tiān-sī-pō· (APTV). Kî-tiong Tiān-sī-pō· ê kang-chok tiong-sim siat-tī Lûn-tun, thong-kòe A-chiu, Latin Bí-chiu, Pak Bí-chiu kah Chôan-kiû Ho̍k-bū chit-4-tiâu choan-soàⁿ, hiòng chôan sè-kài tiān-sī iōng-hō· thê-kiong siaⁿ-(im) (iáⁿ)-siōng sin-bûn, iōng 6-chióng bûn-jī hoat-pò· sin-bûn-kó. 

Kàu-kah 2004 nî, ū 1,700 ê pò-siā, 5,000 ê tiān-tâi kah tiān-sī-tâi chhái-iōng Associated Press ê sin-bûn. In ê iáⁿ-siòng tô·-si-koán ê siu-chông chhiau-koè 1,000-bān tiuⁿ.

Associated Press tī 1848 nî 5-goe̍h iû 6 keng New York ê pò-siā chhòng-li̍p.

Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
-----------------

* Koaⁿ-hong chām

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| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | 
* WorldCat Identities
* VIAF: 152390251
* LCCN: n80075894
* ISNI: 0000 0000 9466 0552
* GND: 26563-9
* SELIBR: 109203
* SUDOC: 034168524
* BNF: cb131764807 (data)
* NLA: 35009269
* NDL: 00627891
* NKC: xx0022741

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**Thao-cho̍k** sī Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k ê 1-cho̍k.

Éng-kòe ū ha̍k-chiá kin-kì Thao-cho̍k chhian-sóa ê thôan-soat, kā Thao-cho̍k tòng-chò Cou-cho̍k ê 1 ê ki-cho̍k, mā ū lâng in-ūi in kap hū-kīn ê Bunun-cho̍k koan-hē chin-bā, jīn-ûi in ê bûn-hòa sī tú-hó tī Hàn-cho̍k kap gôan-chū-bîn ê tiong-kan, kā in kóng-chò sī siōng-òaⁿ Hàn-hòa ê Pêⁿ-po·-cho̍k, he̍k-chiá-sī siōng-chá Hàn-hòa ê Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k.

Sū-si̍t-siōng, Thao-cho̍k ū in ka-tī chin-te̍k-sû ê gí-giân kap bûn-hòa, in pún-té tō-sī to̍k-li̍p ê 1-cho̍k.

Hiān-chhú-sî, Thao-cho̍k gôan-chū-bîn khiā-khí ê só·-chāi, lóng tī Ji̍t-go̍at-thâm (日月潭) hit-tah, tōa-hūn khiā tī Tek-hòa-siā ( 德化社, chín hō-chò Ji̍t-go̍at-chhun, Hàn-jī: 日月村), ū chió-chió kúi-hō· khiā tī Chúi-lí-hiong (水里鄉) Tōa-pêng-nâ (大平林). Hō·-sò iok-kî-lio̍k chóng-ū 60-gōa hō·. 2003-nî ê thóng-kè chu-liāu, in cho̍k ū 300-gōa lâng, sī Tâi-ôan chit-má lâng siōng-chió ê gôan-chū-bîn-cho̍k.

Gōa-pō· liân-kiat
-----------------


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|  | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Thao*** |

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| * hián
* lūn
* pian
Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k |
| --- |
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| Hêng-chèng-īⁿ ū sêng-jīm | Amis-cho̍k (Pangcah)   Tayal-cho̍k   Bunun-cho̍k   Kanakanavu-cho̍k   Kavalan-cho̍k   Paiwan-cho̍k   Puyuma-cho̍k   Rukai-cho̍k   Saaroa-cho̍k   Sakizaya-cho̍k   Saisiyat-cho̍k   Seediq-cho̍k   Tao-cho̍k   Thao-cho̍k   Truku-cho̍k   Tsou-cho̍k |
|  |
| Tē-hng ū sêng-jīm | Makatao-cho̍k (Pîn-tong-koān)   Siraya-cho̍k (Tâi-lâm-chhī)   Taivuan-cho̍k (Hoa-liân-koān Hù-lí-hiong) |
|  |
| Koaⁿ-hong bô sêng-jīm | Babuza-cho̍k   Basay-cho̍k   Hoanya-cho̍k   Kaxabu-cho̍k   Ketagalan-cho̍k   Kulon-cho̍k   Luilang-cho̍k   Papora-cho̍k   Pazeh-cho̍k   Qauqaut-cho̍k   Taokas-cho̍k |
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| Kî-thaⁿ hun-lūi | Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k   Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k   Formosa-lâng |

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Inô Kanori
**Ino Kanori** (Ji̍t-gí: 伊能嘉矩; 1867 nî 6 goe̍h 11 ji̍t [Keio 3 nî 5 goe̍h 9 ji̍t] – 1925 nî 9 goe̍h 30 ji̍t) sī 1-ê chin tiōng-iàu ê Tâi-oân gián-kiù ê ha̍k-chiá.

1867-nî i tī Ji̍t-pún Iwate-koān (岩手県) ê Tôno (遠野) chhut-sì, chū sè-hàn bó-chhin tō koè-sin--khì, sī a-kong kap a-má kā chhiâⁿ toā-hàn--ê. I mā tùi a-kong hia ha̍k-si̍p Hàn-o̍h.

1880 nî-tāi, Ino Kanori chin jia̍t-sèng chò Iwate tē-hng ê chū-iû bîn-koân ūn-tōng, 1886-nî ji̍p-khì Iwate-koān ê su-hoān ha̍k-hāu tha̍k-chheh, m̄-koh i tùi kàu-io̍k loē-iông kap ko-ap ê chèng-tī khì-hun put-boán, chhui-sak ha̍k-seng ūn-tōng, choaⁿ-á hō͘ lâng thè-o̍h.

Liáu-aū, i khì Tang-kiaⁿ chū-siu, mā chò sin-bûn siá-chok ê khang-khoè, tùi 1893-nî khai-sí, i toè Tang-kiaⁿ Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k ê Tuboi Syogoro (坪井正五郎) kaù-siū tha̍k jîn-lūi-ha̍k, tùi jîn-lūi-ha̍k sán-seng chiâⁿ toā ê hèng-chhù. Ji̍t-chheng Chiàn-cheng khí-kó͘ liáu-aū, choaⁿ-á khai-sí ūi-tio̍h khì Tâi-oân tiau-cha chò chún-pī.

1895-nî, Ji̍t-pún chiàm Tâi-oân, Ino Kanori í lio̍k-kun kò·-oân ê sin-hūn lâi tī Tâi-oân, mā khai-sí i iok-kî-lio̍k 10-tang ê Tâi-oân chāi-tē tiau-cha gián-kiù.

I tāi-seng í Tâi-oân pak-pō͘ ê pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k chò tùi-siōng, 1897-nî ê sî, kā choân-tó chha-put-to lóng kiâⁿ-thàu, che liaú-aū koh ū kî-thaⁿ chē-chē pái ê tiau-cha lú-hêng. I só͘ siu-chi̍p ê chu-liāu, hō͘ i chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn gián-kiù ê khai-ki-chó·, kah taⁿ hiah-ê chu-liāu mā iû-goân sī bē-ēng-tit bô ê goân-sú chu-liāu.

1906-nî, Ino Kanori sî Chóng-tok-hú ê thaû-lō͘, tńg-khì kò·-hiong Tôno, tī hia, i kāng-khoán chin piàⁿ-sè chò Tâi-oân gián-kiù kap Tôno ê hiong-thó͘ gián-kiù, sui-bóng lâng tī Ji̍t-pún, i mā hông kau-tiōng chò Tâi-oân le̍k-sú chu-liāu kap goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k tiau-cha ê pian-chip khang-khoè, jî-chhiáⁿ siá-chok Tâi-oân Bûn-hoà-chì.

1925-nî, Ino Kanori tī Tâi-oân oè-tio̍h ê malaria koh giâ--khí-lâi, choaⁿ-á tī 59-hoè lâi koè-sin.

I chi̍t-sì-lâng siá chin chē chheh, kap Tâi-oân ū tī-tāi--ê tō ū 10-goā pún, lūn-bûn sò͘-gia̍h chhiau-koè 1000-phiⁿ, lâng kóng i sī "Tâi-oân-ha̍k ê sian-hêng-chiá".

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* WorldCat Identities
* VIAF: 48249232
* LCCN: n86097550
* ISNI: 0000 0000 8226 5870
* GND: 1030306257
* SUDOC: 117655422
* NDL: 00019326

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Hán-pá-kuh
Hán-pá-kuh ka chhì-suh
**Hán-pá-kuh**（Eng-gí: hamburg steak），iah-sī chheng-chò **Hán-pó**，sī chi̍t-chióng iōng gû ê ká-bah iah-sī kî-thaⁿ ū gû-ká-bah chò ê bah-piáⁿ.

Le̍k-sú
-------

Tatars gû-bah ùi Lō-se-a thoân-ji̍p Tek-kok liáu-āu，Tek-kok-lâng kā Tatars gû-bah chian hō͘ se̍k chò--ê，sī liû-hêng tī kang-lâng tiong-kan ê chia̍h-mi̍h，chóng-sī Hán-pó sī Tek-kok kang-gia̍p tiōng-tìn，kò͘ iōng tē-hō-miâ chò i ê miâ-chheng.

Lēng-gōa 1 ê kóng-hoat sī，Hoat-kiàn Sî-tāi ê sî，in-ūi khǹg-tī chûn-chhng lāi ê bah ta koh tēng, chin pháiⁿ-chia̍h，ūi-tio̍h ē-tàng chia̍h-tio̍h nńg koh iù ê bah soah ián-piàn chhut-lâi ê liāu-lí hong-sek，in-ūi Hán-pó-káng sī chûn-chiah siōng-chōe teh khò-hōaⁿ ê só͘-chāi，kò͘ iōng tē-hō-miâ lâi chheng-hō.

Salisbury gû-pâi sī Hán-pá-kuh ê 1 chióng piàn-hêng-thé.

Siong-thoân Bí-kok tī Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn ê sî，in-ūi gû-bah chè-phín gû-pâi sī chhia-chhí-phín，só͘-í ū kau-ōaⁿ hán-pá-kuh ê ūn-tōng sán-seng. Sòa--lo̍h-lâi kā hán-pá-kuh iōng pháng gia̍p-teh，chin hó siau-lō͘，tō chhiok-chìn sán-seng āu-lâi thong-lâng-chai ê McDonald's téng-téng sok-si̍t khì-gia̍p.

1960 nî-tāi í-āu Ji̍t-pún tng-leh ko-tō͘ keng-chè sêng-tióng，êng-ióng hong-hù ê si̍t-châi kè-siàu chin koân，kò͘ ián-seng chhut sú-iōng khah sio̍k ê ká-bah（ke-bah、tu-bah）liāu-lí phâng-kàu toh-á-téng，chiâⁿ-chòe ke-ke-hō͘-hō͘ tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ khòaⁿ-ē-tio̍h ê bí-si̍t，chiông-chhú í-āu ka-têng chú-hū tō kā hán-pá-kuh lia̍t-ji̍p boán-chhan ê chhài-toaⁿ. In-ūi liāu-lí ê chhiú-sio̍k kan-tan，chi̍t-ba̍k-nih chi-kan liû-hêng choân Ji̍t-pún. In-ūi 1980 nî-tāi í-āu hoat-bêng chhut kín koh to-iuⁿ-hòa ê si̍t-phín，pí-jū chhoe-chú-tē-á（liāu-lí-pau）si̍t-phín（chin-khong hán-pá-kuh），piàn-chó chiok chiap khòaⁿ ē-tio̍h ê liāu-lí kap si̍t-châi. Chhoe-chú-tē-á hán-pá-kuh liāu-lí kan-tan，chò-chi̍t-pái oân-sêng（chiùⁿ-liāu pau-hâm tī lāi-té），kan-ta iōng kún-chúi thǹg-kòe 1 pái tō ē-tàng chiūⁿ-chhài.

Chham-kiàn
----------

* Bah-koaⁿ
* Bah-oân
* Gû-pâi
* Hán-pó
* Chin-khong liāu-lí-hoat

Chham-khó chu-liāu
------------------

1. ↑  Chhiau-kip Hán-pá-kuh，Thâu-tiâu Ji̍t-pò
**Sūi-tián Siā-hoē Bîn-chú Kang-lâng Tóng** (Sūi-tián-gí: *Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti*, kán-chheng *Socialdemokraterna*) sī Sūi-tián chú-iàu ê chèng-tóng chi it, tī 1888/9 nî sêng-li̍p. Siā-bîn-tóng sī thong sè-kài siāng sêng-kong ê 1 ê bîn-chú chèng-tóng; i ùi 1940 kàu 1988 nî, kiàn-pái soán-kí to the̍h tio̍h 4~5 siâⁿ ê soán-phiò. Tóng ê ì-sek-hêng-thài sī siā-hoē-bîn-chú-chú-gī (ia̍h ū hō chò bîn-chú siā-hoē-chú-gī). I ê ki-chân chú-iàu sī nâ-niá kang-lâng, tì-sek-hūn-chú, kong-kiōng pō͘-mn̂g (*public sector*) oân-kang, kap î-bîn. I ê sè-le̍k toā-hūn khò Landsorganisationen i Sverige (tāi-piáu 9 siâⁿ ê nâ-niá kang-lâng). Siā-bîn-tóng ū chham-ka Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kok-chè, Au-chiu Siā-hoē-chú-gī-chiá ê Tóng, kap SAMAK. 

Siā-bîn-tóng tī Tē-2-pái Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn liáu-āu, khai-sí kā Sūi-tián khí chò 1 ê hok-lī-kok. M̄-nā khai-hoat chhut sè-kài chhut-miâ ê siā-hoē chèng-chhek, mā sêng-kong kā kok-bîn-só͘-tek giú koân. Kàu-kah 1970 nî, Sūi-tián ê pêng-kin 1 lâng GDP (GDP per capita) chiàm sè-kài tē 2 ūi.

1991 nî kàu 1994 nî kî-kan, Siā-bîn-tóng sit-khì chip-chèng-tóng ê ūi. Chóng--sī in-ūi soà-chiap ê tiong-kan/iū-phài liân-ha̍p chèng-hú bô hoat-tō͘ kái-siān keng-chè, 1994 nî kàu 2006 nî iū-koh sī Siā-bîn-tóng chiáng-koân. Tī 2006 nî ê soán-kí, Un-hô-tóng chhoā-thâu ê tiong-iū chèng-tóng liân-bêng sió-iâⁿ Siā-bîn-tóng.

Siā-bîn-tóng ê chhoā-thâu ê pō͘-tiúⁿ
------------------------------------

* Hjalmar Branting (1920, 1921-1923, 1924-1925 -- jīm-lāi koè-óng)
* Rickard Sandler (1925-1926)
* Per Albin Hansson (1932-1936, 1936-1946 -- jīm-lāi koè-óng)
* Tage Erlander (1946-1969)
* Olof Palme (1969-1976, 1982-1986 -- àm-sat koè-óng)
* Ingvar Carlsson (1986-1991, 1994-1996)
* Göran Persson (1996-2006)

Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
-----------------

* Bāng-chām
{{Infobox Settlement
|name = Jaroty
|settlement\_type = Chng-thâu
|subdivision\_type = Kok-ka
|subdivision\_name =  Pho-lân
|subdivision\_type1 = Séng
|subdivision\_name1 = Warmia-Masuria
|subdivision\_type2 = Kūn
|subdivision\_name2 = [[Olsztyn coordinates {{coord Kūn|Olsztyn coordinates {{coord]]
|subdivision\_type3 = Kong-siā
|subdivision\_name3 = Kong-siā
|population\_total = 
|timezone = CET
|utc\_offset = +1
|timezone\_DST = CEST
|utc\_offset\_DST = +2
|pushpin\_map = Poland
|pushpin\_label\_position = bottom
|latd = 53
|latm = 43
|lats = 54
|latNS = N
|longd = 20
|longm = 29
|longs = 14
|longEW = E
}}
**Jaroty** sī chi̍t ê tī Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok Warmia-Masuria Séng [[Olsztyn coordinates {{coord Kūn]] Kong-siā ê chng-thâu.

Chham-oa̍t
----------

* Pho-lân ê chng-thâu

Chham-khó
---------

1. ↑  "Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)" (ēng Pho-lân-gí). 2008-06-01.

[[Lūi-pia̍t:Olsztyn coordinates {{coord Kūn ê chng-thâu]]
**Chhim-khoân hêng-ûi**(hàn-jī: 侵權行為) sī mó͘-mí-lâng ûi-hoat chhim-hoān kî-thaⁿ lâng ê khoân-lī he̍k-chiá lī-ek ê hêng-ûi. Tī bîn-hoat siong-koan ê kui-tēng tang-tiong, iau-kiû chhim-hāi kî-thaⁿ lâng khoân-lī ê ka-hāi-chiá tùi siū-hāi-chiá ê sún-sit hū-chek pôe-siông.

Tī bîn-hoat thé-hē, chhim-khoân hêng-ûi in-ūi bô su-iàu siang-hong tong-sū-jîn tông-ì tio̍h ē-sái sêng-li̍p, só͘-í sio̍k-î hoat-tēng(法定) ê chè-khoân, kah it-poaⁿ in-ūi khè-iok sêng-li̍p ê ì-tēng(意定) chè-khoân bô kâng.

Chhim-khoân hêng-ûi ê iàu-kiāⁿ pau-koat:

1. Ka-hāi-chiá ê kò͘-ì he̍k-chiá kòe-sit
2. Khoân-lī siū chhim-hāi
3. Hoat-seng sún-sit
4. Chhim-hāi hêng-ûi kah sún-sit chi-kan ū in-kó koan-hē
5. Ka-hāi-chiá ū chek-jīm lêng-le̍k
6. Ûi-hoat-sèng

Ná sêng-li̍p chhim-khoân hêng-ûi, ka-hāi-chiá ài hū-chek hôe-hok goân-lâi ê chōng-thài, he̍k-chiá pôe-siông tùi-hong ê sún-sit.

Liân-kiat
---------

* bîn-hoat

Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
-----------------

* 民法 第 184 條
| ?Chhiok-hio̍h-khan-gû |
| --- |
|
|  |
|
|
| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |
| 

|
|  |
|
|
| Kài: | Plantae |
| A-kài: | Tracheobionta |
|
|
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| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |
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| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |
| A-kong: | Asteridae |
|
|
|
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| Bo̍k: | Solanales |
|
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| Kho: | Convolvulaceae |
|
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| Sio̍k: | *Ipomoea* |
|
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| Chéng: | ***I. cairica*** |
|

 |
| Ha̍k-miâ |
| ***Ipomoea cairica***Sweet |
|
|
|
| Siâng-ì-miâ |
| *Ipomoea tuberculata* Roemer & Schultes*Ipomoea stipulacea* |

**Chhiok-hio̍h-khan-gû** (Hàn-jī: 槭葉牽牛; Eng-gí: palmate-leaved morning glory; ha̍k-miâ: ***Ipomoea cairica***), pia̍t-miâ **hoan-á-tîⁿ**, **chiáng-hio̍h-khan-gû**, **ngó·-jiáu-kim-liông**, kui-sio̍k-î soân-hoe-kho (Convolvulaceae), sī to-nî-seng, soan-tîn-sèng, chháu-chit tîn-pún si̍t-bu̍t. Pō͘-hūn chu-liāu kóng i goân-pún seⁿ-tī Pak-bí-chiu, mā ū kóng seⁿ tī jia̍t-tāi A-chiu, Hui-chiu--ê. Tī Tâi-oân i hun-pò· tī pêⁿ-tē kap kē hái-poat soaⁿ-khu, seⁿ tī chhiū-nâ-á piⁿ-á, lō·-piⁿ, pha-hng-tē he̍k-chiá lâng-tau ê lî-á, chhiûⁿ-á. I kah-ì kui-kang ū ji̍t ê khoân-kéng. Kui-nî-thàu-tang lóng-ū khui-hoe, joa̍h--lâng kap chhiu-thiⁿ khui liáu te̍k-pia̍t chē.

Hêng-thāi
---------

Keng ê piáu-bīn kim-ku̍t, iù-tn̂g koh kāu hun-ki, siāng-tn̂g ē-tàng kàu 10 m; óa-kīn kin ê ki-pō· lio̍h-á bo̍k-chi̍t-hòa. 

Hio̍h-á sī chhiú-chiáng ê hêng-chōng, choân-lia̍t, lia̍t-phìⁿ sī phi-chiam-hêng, ū 5 kàu 7 ê.

Hoe sio̍k-î ha̍p-pān-hoe hit-khoán sī lāu-táu-hêng; hoe-sek sī chhián-chhián ê chí-âng, hoe-koan lāi-té sī chí-âng-sek; hoe-koan ê ti̍t-kèng 4.5 kàu 6 cm; hoe pō·-pêng 1 kàu 3 lúi ùi hio̍h-á-ki ê kòe-hiⁿ-khang seⁿ-chhut, thêng-hiān chū-sàn-hoe-sū (聚繖花序); chhû-hiông-kāng-tu (雌雄同株); hiông-lúi 5 lúi tī hoe-koan thóng-á lāi.

Kóe-chí sī kiû-hêng ê sok-kó (蒴果). Chéng-chí sī o·-sek, 4 lia̍p, ū si-chōng ê mo·.
**Chhim-hòa-cho͘ sū-kiāⁿ** (深化組事件 / 심화조사건) sī 1997 nî chì 2000 nî hoat-seng tī Pak-hân kok-lāi ê chi̍t tiûⁿ tōa kui-bô͘ ê siok-chheng ūn-tōng. Chit-pái ê sū-kiāⁿ chêng-āu 4 tang, iû hit-tang-chūn ê kok-ka chòe-ko léng-tō-jîn Kim Chèng-ji̍t hoat-khí, Tiâu-sián Lô-tōng-tóng hêng-chèng-pō͘ pō͘-tiúⁿ Tiuⁿ Sêng-te̍k hū-chek, Siā-hōe An-choân-pō͘ chip-hêng. Tī hit-kúi-nî nî-kan, pī bû-hām chò kàn-tia̍p ê jîn-sò͘ ū 2-bān 5-chheng gōa lâng, kî-tiong pau-hâm chē-chē pêng-bîn kap chèng-hú ko-kàn. Chia-ê lâng ū kúi-chheng ê pī chhú-koat, chhun-ê tiō tâu-ji̍p kiông-chè siu-iông-só͘. Chit-chhù ê sū-kiāⁿ lo̍h-bóe ín-khí tio̍h Pak-hân jîn-bîn ê put-boán chêng-sū, Kim Chèng-ji̍t chiah tī 2000 nî soan-pò͘ tiong-chí siok-chheng, chhú-sí sū-kiāⁿ tiong ê kúi-nā ê chip-hêng-chiá liáu-āu, sat-lio̍k chiah chèng-sek kiat-sok. Chhim-hòa-cho͘ sū-kiāⁿ hō͘ lâng hō-chò sī Pak-hân ê McCarthy-chú-gī.
| ?Ngó͘-lêng-lân |
| --- |
|
|  |
| Ngó͘-lêng-lân |
|
|
| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |
| 

|
|  |
|
|
| Kài: | Plantae |
|
|
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| Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |
|
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| Kong: | Magnoliopsida |
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| Bo̍k: | Lamiales |
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| Kho: | Verbenaceae |
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| Sio̍k: | *Lantana* |
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| Chéng: | ***L. camara*** |
|

 |
| Ha̍k-miâ |
| ***Lantana camara***L. |
|
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|
| Siâng-ì-miâ |
| *Lantana aculeata*
*Lantana armata* |

**Ngó͘-lêng-lân**(Hàn-jī: 五龍蘭, ha̍k-miâ: *Lantana camara*), koh kiò-chò **khí-siáu-hoe** (起痟花),**kòng-phòa-hoe**, sī to-nî-seng siông-le̍k koàn-bo̍k, chhiū-á-ki tiāⁿ chhun-tn̂g thòaⁿ-khui, kah-ì seⁿ tī kui-kang ū ji̍t-thâu pha̍k ê só·-chāi. 

Chū-té seⁿ tī jia̍t-tāi Bí-chiu, kap Se-ìn-tō· kûn-tó. Tī Tâi-oân kui-hòa, hun-pò· tī pêⁿ-tē, kap kē-hái-po̍at soaⁿ-khu, seⁿ tī lō·-kîⁿ, pha-hng-tē, he̍k chhiū-nâ piⁿ--á. Taⁿ hông kóng-hoat chèng-chok chò hoe-hn̂g koan-sióng ēng.

Hêng-thāi
---------

Keng ū 4 chōa ke-kak, ū chhoaⁿ-chhì.

Hio̍h-á tùi-seⁿ, ke-nn̄g-hêng he̍k tn̂g-ke-nn̄g-hêng, siang-pêng-bīn pho̍ah ngē-mo·, kì-á-khí ê piān-iân. 

Hoe kam-á-sek, kam-á-âng-sek, hún-âng-sek, he̍k n̂g-sek lóng-ū, thó·-seⁿ-á--ê kam-á-an̂g-sek siāng-che; hoe-koan sī chhim au-á-hêng, bóe-liu hit-pêng ū bô-chú-ngó· ê chhián-chhián li̍h-phāng. Ti̍t-kèng ū 8 mm. Hoe sī sàn-pâng-hoe-sū (繖房花序), gōa-hêng chhiuⁿ thâu-chōng-hoe (頭狀花) án-ne pâi-lia̍t, ùi hio̍h-á kòe-hīⁿ-khang hia seⁿ--chhut-lâi.

Kóe-chí sī he̍k-kó (核果) kiû-hêng, kàu-hun sî o·-nâ-sek, bah-chit.

  

* 
* 
* 


|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Lantana camara*** |

Chham-khó chu-liāu
------------------

1. ↑  佐佐木舜一. *臺灣植物名彙*. p. 352. Lantana camara, Linn. Ngó͘-lêng-lân 五龍蘭
2. ↑  "《馬櫻丹》". 馬櫻丹，但是我爸他們都用台語叫它「起笑花」，我也不知道為什麼。上面是 hsuan 說的！
**Pek-chè**(百濟 / 백제 *Baekje*), iū-koh hō-chò **Lâm Hû-û**(南扶餘), sī kó͘-chá khiā tī Tiâu-sián Poàn-tó ê kun-chú kok-ka, sio̍k-î Tiâu-sián sam-kok chi-it.

Le̍k-sú
-------

Sam-kok chá-kî ê chêng-sè.
### Kiàn-kok

Kin-kù Ko-lê sú-chheh *Sam-kok Sú-kì* ê kì-lo̍k, se-goân chiân 18 nî, Ko Chu-bông ê nn̄g uī hāu-seⁿ, Hùi-liû kap Un-chó͘, tòa-niá chi̍t tīn Ko-kù-lê-lâng kàu Poàn-tó lâm-hong ji̍p-chhim Má-hân, kiàn-li̍p sin kok-ka **Pek-chè** (伯濟). Un-chó͘ tī Uì-lé-siâⁿ kiàn-kok, kok-hō **Si̍p-chè** (十濟); Hùi-liû tī Bî-chau-hut (彌鄒忽) kiàn-kok, m̄-koh hia siuⁿ oá hái, chúi siuⁿ-kòe kiâm, Bî-chau-hut ê peh-sèⁿ chiām-chiām lóng poaⁿ-sóa khì Uì-lé-siâⁿ. Hùi-liû iau-kiû Un-chó͘ ài kā ông-ūi niū hō͘ ka-kī, khì-hō͘ Un-chó͘ kī-choa̍t. Nn̄g hiaⁿ-tī sio-chiàn, Hùi-liû chiàn-pāi chū-sat; Un-chó͘ chiah kā kok-hō kái chò **Pek-chè** (百濟).

### Khok-tiong

Pek-chè Kó-nī-ông sî-tāi, Pek-chè ê kok-ka chè-tō͘ í-keng oân-pī. Kin-kì *Ji̍t-pún Su-kì* ê kì-lo̍k, 249 nî, Pek-chè ê sè-le̍k khok-tiong kàu Lo̍k-tong-kang kap Sin-lô hām Ka-iâ sio-oá. 300 nî, Tiong-kok Chìn-tiâu hoat-seng Pat-ông chi loān; Pek-chè khai-sí kap Ko-kù-lê sio-cheⁿ Lo̍k-lōng-kūn. *Ji̍t-pún Su-kì* kì-lo̍k, 367 nî, Pek-chè tē-it pái kap Ji̍t-pún ū gōa-kau óng-lâi.

Kīn-siàu-kó-ông sî-tāi, Pek-chè hiòng pak ji̍p-chhim Ko-kù-lê, tông-sî mā chiām-chiām siau-bia̍t chhun-ê Má-hân pō͘-lo̍k; chit-chūn sī Pek-chè siōng-kài heng-ōng ê le̍k-sú sî-kî. Chit ê sî-kî tû-liáu chiàn-cheng, Pek-chè mā chú-tōng khip-siu chē-chē Hàn-bûn-hòa kap Tiong-kok ki-su̍t. Chia-ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ mā liû-thoân khì Ji̍t-pún, kî-tiong pau-hâm Hàn-jī, Hu̍t-kàu kap Tô-khì.


### Hîm-chin sî-kî

5 sè-kí, Ko-kù-lê hiòng lâm ji̍p-chhim Pek-chè; 475 nî, Ko-kù-lê kong-kek Uì-lé-siâⁿ. 475 nî chì 538 nî ê kî-kan, Pek-chè chhian-to͘ Hîm-chin. Hîm-chin tī soaⁿ-khu, sī hông-gū Ko-kù-lê kun-tūi chìn-kong chin hó ê só͘-chāi; m̄-koh án-ne, Pek-chè kap gōa-kháu tiō khah bô kau-liû. Lēng-gōa, in-ūi Hîm-chin khah oá Sin-lô, in-chhú nn̄g kok kiat-bêng, kiōng-tông tùi-khòng pak-hong ê Ko-kù-lê.
Every Little Thing (2008 nî).
**Every Little Thing** (Kana: エヴリ・リトル・シング) sī Ji̍t-pún ê im-ga̍k thoân-thé, iû Mochida Kaori (持田 香織), Itō Ichirō (伊藤 一朗) kah Igarasi Mitsuru (五十嵐 充) saⁿ lâng chó͘-ha̍p. Every Little Thing sī sio̍k-u Avex ē-kha ê thoân-thé, it-poaⁿ kán-chheng **ELT**. 1996 nî 8 goe̍h, ELT hoat-pió tan-khek *Feel My Heart* chèng-sek chhut-tō. ELT chū chhut-tō khai-sí, í-keng hoat-hêng kóe 7 tiuⁿ it-téng choan-chhip kah 6 tiuⁿ it-téng tan-khek; kî-tiong, tē-2 tiuⁿ choan-chhip *Time to Destination* ê siau-lō͘ sò͘-liōng chhiau-kóe 352-bān tiuⁿ, sī Ji̍t-pún bo̍k-chiân siau-lō͘ sò͘-liōng pâi-miâ tē-10 hó ê im-ga̍k choan-chhip.

Kài-siāu
--------

Sêng-goân
---------

Chok-phín
---------

### Tan-khek

### Choan-chhip

### Cheng-soán-chhip

### Cheng-soán koa-khek

Ián-chhiùⁿ-hōe
--------------

### Nî-tō͘ ián-chhiùⁿ-hōe

### Tan-khek kong-ián

### Iim-ga̍k cheh-ji̍t

Chham-khó
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Pang-bô͘:Evert Little Thing
1956 nî 5 goe̍h 2 hō, Mô͘ Te̍k-tong tī Chòe-ko Kok-bū Hōe-gī thê-chhut Siang-pek hong-chiam.
**Pek-hoa-chê-hòng, pek-ka-cheng-bêng** (百花齊放 百家爭鳴) sī 1956 nî Tiong-kok chèng-hú thui-chhut ê chi̍t hāng chèng-chhek, sī "tùi gē-su̍t kang-chok chú-tiuⁿ pek-hoa-chê-hòng, tùi ha̍k-su̍t kang-chok chú-tiuⁿ pek-ka-cheng-bêng" (對藝術工作主張百花齊放 對學術工作主張百家爭鳴), che sī jîn-bîn lāi-pō͘ ê chū-iû tī bûn-gē kang-chok kap kho-ha̍k kang-chok léng-he̍k ê piáu-hiān, bo̍k-te̍k sī ūi-tio̍h beh hoat-tián kap hoân-êng siā-hōe-chú-gī Tiong-kok ê kho-ha̍k, bûn-hòa kap gē-su̍t sū-gia̍p; it-poaⁿ iā kán-chheng **Siang-pek hong-chiam** (雙百方針). Siang-pek hong-chiam ê thê-chhut, hoán-èng chhut tong-sî Tiong-kok kok-lāi tùi hoân-êng bûn-hòa gē-su̍t kap hoat-tián kho-ha̍k ki-su̍t ê su-kiû, tit-tio̍h tì-sek-kài ê hoan-gêng. Tān-sī, hoán-iū ūn-tōng tī chi̍t nî āu khai-sí, hióng-èng Siang-pek hong-chiam ê chē-chē lâng lóng piàn-chò sī iū-phài.