Tò͘-sêng tn̂g-chio̍h kò͘-thé iông-e̍k ê khòng-bu̍t ê sêng-hūn ūi-siòng tô͘.
**Tn̂g-chio̍h** (Hàn-jī: 長石; Eng-gí: feldspar) sī chi̍t chióng chō-gâm khòng-bu̍t ê cho̍k-kûn, sio̍k-tī ko͘-á ke-sng-iâm khòng-bu̍t, sêng-hūn ū a-lú-mih, koh ū pau-hâm sodium, calcium, potassium ia̍h-sī barium. The most common members of the feldspar group are the *plagioclase* (sodium-calcium) tn̂g-chio̍h kap *alkali* (potassium-sodium) tn̂g-chio̍h. Tē-khak liōng-iok ū 60% lóng sī tn̂g-chio̍h, tē-kiû ê tāi-lio̍k tē-khak mā ū 41% ê tāng-liōng sī tn̂g-chio̍h.

Sêng-hūn
--------

Tn̂g-chio̍h chit khoán khòng-bu̍t ê chú-iàu sêng-hūn sī **ko͘-á ke-sng-iâm** (罟仔珪酸鹽). Chia̍p-khòaⁿ ê tn̂g-chio̍h, in ê sêng-hūn ē-sái ēng saⁿ chióng toan-sêng-hūn lâi piáu-ta̍t:

* **chiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h** (正長石) toan-sêng-hūn KAlSi3O8
* **chô-tn̂g-chio̍h** (曹長石) toan-sêng-hūn NaAlSi3O8
* **hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h** (灰長石) toan-sêng-hūn CaAl2Si2O8

Chiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h kap chô-tn̂g-chio̍h tiong-kan ê kò͘-thé iông-ek kiò-chò **kiⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h** (鹼長石). Chiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h kap chô-tn̂g-chio̍h tiong-kan ê kò͘-thé iông-ek kiò-chò **chhoa̍h-tn̂g-chio̍h** (斜長石). Chiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h kap hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h kan-taⁿ ē-tàng sio-lām chò iú-hān ê kò͘-thé iông-ek, bē chiâⁿ-chò khòng-bu̍t; occurs between K-feldspar and anorthite, and in the two other solid solutions, immiscibility occurs at temperatures common in the crust of the Earth. Albite is considered both a plagioclase and alkali feldspar.

### Kiⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h

Kiⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h ū nn̄g chióng: chi̍t chióng pau-koat ka-lí, koh kap nā-tú-lih, a-lú-mih, ia̍h ke-sò͘ ê cho͘-ha̍p; lēng-gōa chi̍t chióng sī kā ka-lí ōaⁿ-chò barium. 

* orthoclase (monoclinic) KAlSi  
3O  
8
* sanidine (monoclinic) (K,Na)AlSi  
3O  
8
* microcline (triclinic) KAlSi  
3O  
8
* anorthoclase (triclinic) (Na,K)AlSi  
3O  
8

### Ammonium tn̂g-chio̍h

Buddingtonite sī chi̍t chióng ammonium tn̂g-chio̍h, hòa-ha̍k-sek sī NH4AlSi3O8.

### Barium tn̂g-chio̍h

Barium tn̂g-chio̍h lóng sī toaⁿ-chhoa̍h ê cheng-thé, ū pau-koat

* celsian BaAl  
2Si  
2O  
8
* hyalophane (K,Ba)(Al,Si)  
4O  
8

  

### Chhoa̍h-tn̂g-chio̍h

Chhoa̍h-tn̂g-chio̍h sī saⁿ-chhoa̍h ê cheng-thé. Chhoa̍h-tn̂g-chio̍h ū hē-lia̍t (hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h ê phă-siàn-tò͘ siá tī leh goe̍h-bâi-tiám lāi):

* chô-tn̂g-chio̍h (0 ~ 10) NaAlSi  
3O  
8
* oligoclase (10 ~ 30) (Na,Ca)(Al,Si)AlSi  
2O  
8
* andesine (30 ~ 50) NaAlSi3O8 – CaAl2Si2O8
* labradorite (50 ~ 70) (Ca,Na)Al(Al,Si)Si  
2O  
8
* bytownite (70 ~ 90) (NaSi,CaAl)AlSi  
2O  
8
* hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h (90 ~ 100) CaAl  
2Si  
2O  
8

Kiat-kò͘
--------

Tn̂g-chio̍h sī chéng-thé kiat-kò͘ ê ki-pún tan-ūi sī **a-lú-mih ke-sng-iâm** **sì-bīn-thé** (Hàn-jī: a-lú-mih珪酸鹽四面體; Eng-gí: aluminosilicate tetrahedra). Ta̍k-ê sì-bīn-thé ê cho͘-sêng lóng sī án-ne: tiong-ng ū chi̍t ê a-lú-mih ia̍h-sī ke-sò͘ lī-chú, piⁿ-·á hō͘ sì ê sng-sò͘ lī-chú ûi-·khí-lâi. Ta̍k-ê sng-sò͘ lī-chú iū-koh chiap-tio̍h kè-piah ê sì-bīn-thé, chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t ê sam-chhù-goân ê bāng-lō͘. A-lú-mih ke-sng-iâm sì-bīn-thé tī tn̂g-chio̍h lāi-té ê kiat-kò͘ sī tn̂g tiâu liān-á, chhit-oai-poeh-choāi, ná-chhiūⁿ khū-lán-khuh liān-á. 

* Tn̂g-chio̍h kiat-kò͘ ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, khòaⁿ-·khí-lâi chhin-chhiūⁿ khū-lán-khuh liān-á.Tn̂g-chio̍h kiat-kò͘ ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, khòaⁿ-·khí-lâi chhin-chhiūⁿ khū-lán-khuh liān-á.
* Iân c te̍k khòaⁿ tn̂g-chio̍h cheng-thé kiat-kò͘Iân c te̍k khòaⁿ tn̂g-chio̍h cheng-thé kiat-kò͘
* Iân a te̍k khòaⁿ tn̂g-chio̍h cheng-thé kiat-kò͘Iân a te̍k khòaⁿ tn̂g-chio̍h cheng-thé kiat-kò͘
* cc

Sû-goân
-------

Eng-gí miâ *feldspar* sī tùi Tek-gí *Feldspat* lâi ·ê, che sī *Feld* ("chhân") and *Spat* ("phiáⁿ") ha̍p-·khí-lâi ·ê ha̍p-sêng-sû. *Spat* ê "chiok gâu li̍h-·khui pìⁿ chi̍t phiáⁿ ê chio̍h-thâu"; *Feldspat* chit-ê sû sī 18 sè-kí chiah khai-sí ū khah te̍k-pia̍t ê ì-sù, khó-lêng sī in-ūi lâng chin chiap hō͘ lâng tiàm chhân-lāi ê chio̍h-thâu téng-koân chhōe·-tio̍h (Urban Brückmann, 1783); lēng-gōa chi̍t ê kóng-hoat sī kóng, ū "chhân" within granite and other minerals (René-Just Haüy, 1804).

Hong-hòa
--------

Seng-sán kap lō͘-ēng
--------------------

Siòng-phìⁿ
----------

* Specimen of rare plumbian (lead-rich) feldsparSpecimen of rare plumbian (lead-rich) feldspar
* Perched on crystallized, white feldspar is an upright 4 cm aquamarine crystalPerched on crystallized, white feldspar is an upright 4 cm aquamarine crystal
* Feldspar and moonstone, from Sonora, MexicoFeldspar and moonstone, from Sonora, Mexico
* Schorl crystal on a cluster of euhedral feldspar crystalsSchorl crystal on a cluster of euhedral feldspar crystals
* First X-ray view of Martian soil—feldspar, pyroxenes, olivine revealed (Curiosity rover at "Rocknest", October 17, 2012).First X-ray view of Martian soil—feldspar, pyroxenes, olivine revealed (Curiosity rover at "Rocknest", October 17, 2012).
* Lunar ferrous anorthosite #60025 (plagioclase feldspar). Collected by Apollo 16 from the Lunar Highlands near Descartes Crater. This sample is currently on display at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.Lunar ferrous anorthosite #60025 (plagioclase feldspar). Collected by Apollo 16 from the Lunar Highlands near Descartes Crater. This sample is currently on display at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.

Chham-khó chu-liāu
------------------

1. 1 2  Neuendorf, K.K.E.; Mehl, Jr. J.P.; Jackson, J.A. (editors) (2005). *Glossary of Geology* (5th pán.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. p. 232. ISBN 978-0922152896. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
2. ↑  Deer, W.A; Howie, R.A.; Zussman, J. (2001). *Rock-forming Minerals (2nd edition) Volume 4A*. London: Geological Society of London. p. 2. ISBN 1-86239-081-9.
3. ↑  Anderson, Robert S.; Anderson, Suzanne P. (2010). *Geomorphology: The Mechanics and Chemistry of Landscapes*. Cambridge University Press. p. 187. ISBN 9781139788700.
4. ↑  Rudnick, R. L.; Gao, S. (2003). "Composition of the Continental Crust". Chū Holland, H. D.; Turekian, K. K. *Treatise on Geochemistry*. *Treatise on Geochemistry*. **3**. New York: Elsevier Science. pp. 1–64. Bibcode:2003TrGeo...3....1R. doi:10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03016-4. ISBN 978-0-08-043751-4.
5. 1 2 3
6. ↑  Celsian–orthoclase series on Mindat.org.
7. ↑  Celsian–hyalophane series on Mindat.org.
8. ↑  *Die Namen der Steine. Das Mineralreich im Spiegel der Sprache*
9. ↑  Brown, Dwayne (October 30, 2012). "NASA Rover's First Soil Studies Help Fingerprint Martian Minerals". NASA. October 31, 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.