Sòaⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘ tiong, **Chú-tùi-kak-sòaⁿ** (Hàn-jī: 主對角線, Eng-gí: main diagonal) sī hâng-lia̍t {\displaystyle \{A\_{ij}\}\_{m\times n}} lāi-té só͘-ū hû-ha̍p {\displaystyle i=j} ê só͘-chāi, khiā-sǹg-kóng sī tùi siōng chò-siōng kàu siōng iū-hā ê hit tiâu sòaⁿ. Tī chit tiâu sòaⁿ téng-koân ê iàu-sò͘ kiò-chò **tùi-kak-sòaⁿ iàu-sò͘** (Hàn-jī: 對角線要素, Eng-gí: diagonal element), bô tī i téng-koân ·ê kiò-chò **hui-tùi-kak-sòaⁿ iàu-sò͘** (Hàn-jī: 非對角線要素, Eng-gí: off-diagonal element). Ē-bīn saⁿ ê hâng-lia̍t ê chú-túi-kak-sòaⁿ lán ēng âng-sek ê {\displaystyle 1} kā siá ·khit-lì:

{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}\color {red}{1}&0&0\\0&\color {red}{1}&0\\0&0&\color {red}{1}\end{bmatrix}}\qquad {\begin{bmatrix}\color {red}{1}&0&0&0\\0&\color {red}{1}&0&0\\0&0&\color {red}{1}&0\end{bmatrix}}\qquad {\begin{bmatrix}\color {red}{1}&0&0\\0&\color {red}{1}&0\\0&0&\color {red}{1}\\0&0&0\end{bmatrix}}}

Sèng-chit
---------

Tan-ūi hâng-lia̍t ê chú-tùi-kak-sòaⁿ iàu-sò͘ lóng sī chi̍t, hui-tùi-kak-sòaⁿ iàu-sò͘ lóng sī lêng:

{\displaystyle I\_{n}={\begin{bmatrix}1&0&0&\cdots &0\\0&1&0&\cdots &0\\0&0&1&\cdots &0\\\vdots &\vdots &\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\0&0&0&\cdots &1\end{bmatrix}}.}
Chi̍t ê sù-hong hâng-lia̍t ê tùi-kak-sòaⁿ iàu-sò͘ ê chóng-hô tiō sī i ê jiah (Hàn-jī: 跡, Eng-gí: trace).

Hoán-tùi-kak-sòaⁿ
-----------------

{\displaystyle n}-kai sù-hong hâng-lia̍t {\displaystyle \{B\_{ij}\}\_{n\times n}} ê **hoán-tùi-kak-sòaⁿ** (Hàn-jī: 反對角線, Eng-gí: antidiagonal) sī só͘-ū hû-ha̍p {\displaystyle i+j=n+1} ê só͘-chāi. Ē-bīn âng-sek ê {\displaystyle 1} tiō sī hoán-tùi-kak-sòaⁿ:

{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}0&0&\color {red}{1}\\0&\color {red}{1}&0\\\color {red}{1}&0&0\end{bmatrix}}}

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Sòaⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘ |
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