**Kansas** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú tī Topeka. Siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Wichita. Chiu lāi chóng jîn-kháu 290 bān chó͘-iū, biān-chek 213,096 pêng-hong kong-lí. Pún chiu tōa-pō͘-hūn sī Bí-kok keng-kòe 1804 nî Louisiana Bóe-tē tit tioh, āu-lâi tī 1854 nî sêng-lip Kansas Léng-thó͘, koh tī 1861 nî siat chò chit chiu.

Tē-lí
-----

Kansas ê pak-pêng sī Nebraska; tang-pêng sī Missouri, lâm-pêng sī Oklahoma, sai-pêng sī Colorado. Kui chiu lóng-chóng hun 105-ê kūn. Tī tang-pak-pêng ê pian-kài, ū chha-put-to 121 kong-lí sī àn-chiàu Missouri Hô só͘ ōe. Kansas Hô (chāi-tē kiò "Kaw"), tī Kansas Chhī kap Missouri Hô sio-chiap. Tùi Colorado lâu--kòe-lâi ê Arkansas Hô mā ū keng-kòe Kansas chiu ê sai-pō͘ kap lâm-pō͘, ū 800 kong-lí tn̂g lóng tī Kansas chiu lāi.

Kansas tē-lí siōng siāng koân ê só͘-chāi sī Mount Sunflower, koân-tō͘ ū 1231 m. Bí-kok sòa-chiap (contiguous) thó͘-tē, iah chio̍h sī bô hâm Hawaii, Alaska kap kî-tha hái-gōa niá-thó͘, ê tē-lí-ha̍k tiong-sim sī tī pún chiu ê Lebanon siâⁿ, Kansas/Nebraska kài-sòaⁿ lâm-pêng tāi-iok 12 lí ê só͘-chāi. Kun-kù 1918 nî tiāu-cha keng-hūi-tō͘ sī 39°50′N 98°35′W, chóng-sī si̍t-chè tiong-sim sī sûi-sî siū hái-hōaⁿ-sòaⁿ téng-téng in-sò͘ piàn-tōng--ê.

### Khì-hāu

Chú-iàu tī joa̍h-thiⁿ kap chhun-thiⁿ, Kansas in-ūi tú-hó tī bô-kâng khì-thoân sio-chiap ê só͘-chāi, chia sî-siông sán-seng toa-hong-hō͘, kî-tiong ū-ê koh ē ín-khí kńg-lê-á-hong, bí tang tāi-khài ū 50 pái.

Le̍k-sú
-------

Kansas chá-liân sī Bí-chiu Goân-chū-bîn seng-oa̍h ê só͘-chāi. Kun-kù khó-kó gián-kiù, tāi-khài chêng 7000 nî ê sî, chá-kî lia̍h kó͘-chhiūⁿ (mammoth) ê Bí-chiu lâng chìn-ji̍p kàu Kansas. Tī chiu lāi, î-it khó-kó͘ chhōe tio̍h ê pueblo (Bí-chiu goân-chū-bîn ê chhī-ke) sī El Quartelejo.

Tāi-seng tī hiān-sî Kansas oa̍h-tāng ê Au-chiu-lâng sī Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, i tī 1541 nî lâi kàu tong-tē. 1803 nî, tōa-hūn ê hiān-tāi Kansas hō͘ Bí-kok keng-kòe Louisiana Bóe-tē (Louisiana Purchase) siu khì. Chóng-sī se-lâm-pō͘ kàu 1848 í-chêng iá koh sī Se-pan-gâ, Be̍k-se-ko kap Texas Kiōng-hô-kok ê léng-thó͘.

1812 ni kàu 1821 nî kî-kan, Kansas sī Missouri Léng-thó͘ (Missouri Territory) ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Santa Fe Thong-lǒ͘ (Santa Fe Trail) tī 1821 kàu 1880 nî chi kan ū keng-kòe Kansas, ē-sái kap Missouri koh-ū New Mexico ū seng-lí lâi-óng.

1827 nî, Fort Leavenworth khí-chō, sī pe̍h-lâng tī chit ūi thâu chi̍t-ê tn̂g-kî ê chhī-ke. Āu-lâi Kansas–Nebraska Hoat-àn (Kansas–Nebraska Act) tī 1854 nî thong-kòe, Kansas Léng-thó͘ sêng-li̍p.

Lawrence sóe-siâⁿ.
1861 nî, Kansas hòng-khì lō͘-lē chè-tō͘, piàn chò Bí-kok tē 34-ê chiu. 1863 nî, 8 goe̍h 21 ji̍t, Bí-kok Lōe-chiàn kî-kan, William Quantrill chhōa lâng thâi ji̍p Lawrence siâⁿ, chō-sêng pah kúi lâng sí-bông. Lōe-chiàn siang-hong lóng hoán-tùi i-ê hêng-tōng.

Lōe-chiàn kiat-sok liáu-āu, chin chōe O͘-lâng lî-khui Bí-kok lâm-pō͘, tī Kansas kiàn-li̍p siā-khu. Lēng-gōa Chisholm Thong-lō͘ (Chisholm Trail) ê khai-siat hō͘ Kansas chìn-ji̍p liáu Se-pō͘ sî-tāi.

1881 nî, Kansas tī Bí-kok kok chiú tiong thâu chi̍t-ê chiap-siū chi̍t kóa kàu-hōe ê iau-kiû kìm-chí chiú-lūi, kìm-lēng kàu 1948 nî ê sî hùi-tû. 

Kansas sī 20 sè-kí chá-kî chìn-pō͘ ūn-tōng (progressive movement) ê tiong-sim chit it.

Jîn-kháu
--------

Kun-kù Bí-kok Phó͘-cha Kio̍k (United States Census Bureau) ê ko͘-sǹg, Kansas tī 2014 nî 7 goe̍h chhe jîn-khàu ū 2,904,021 lâng. 

Tī 2010 nî ê chu-liāu tiong, Kansas 83.8% ê jîn-kháu sī pe̍h-lâng (kî-tiong 77.5% sī hui Se-pan-gâ hē); 5.9% sī O͘-lâng he̍k-chiá Hui-chiu-hē Bí-kok-lâng, 1% sī Bí-chiu goân-chū-bîn; koh ū 2.4% sī A-chiu-lâng.

Kun-kù 2014 nî Pew Gián-kiù Tiong-sim ê tiâu-cha, Kansas jîn-kháu tiong 76% sī Ki-tok-kàu, lāi-bīn koh ū 31% sī Ho̍k-im-phài Sin-kàu, 24% sī Chú-liû-phài Sin-kàu (Mainline Protestant), 2% sī O͘-lâng Sin-kàu, 18% sī Thian-chú-kàu, 1% sī Mormon, 1% sī Ia-hô-hoa Kiàn-chèng-jîn; lēng-gōa, hui-Ki-tok-kàu sìn-gióng chiàm 4%, bô tek-pia̍t sìn-gióng chiá chiàm 20%.

Keng-chè
--------

Kansas tī 2015 nî ê GDP sī 149,641 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê sán-gia̍p sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (*health care and social assistance*).

Chit chiu chú-iàu lông-sán ū gû, iûⁿ-á, be̍h-á, lô͘-sé, n̂g-tāu, mî-hoe, hoan-be̍h téng-téng. Tang-pō͘ sī Bí-kok chú-iàu ngó͘-kok ê sán-tē. 

Kang-gia̍p hong-bīn, ū ūn-su lēng-kiāⁿ, hui-hêng-ki, si̍t-phín ka-kang, chhut-pán, hòa-ha̍k téng chhut-sán. Lēng-gōa, kansas mā sī Bí-kok sán chio̍h-iû pâi tē-8 ê chiu.

Tû-liáu tú khai-sí ê chhì-giām-tē í-gōa, Kansas City to͘-hōe-khu sī Google Fiber bāng-lō͘ hē-thóng tāi-seng khai-sí ho̍k-bū ê só͘-chāi.

Kau-thong
---------

Kansas ū nn̄g tiâu chiu-chè ko-sok-tō-lō͘ (Interstate Highway): I-70 kap I-35. I-70 chú-iàu sī tang-sai hong-hiòng, ē-tàng liân khì Colorado ê Denver kap Missouri ê Kansas City, keng-kòe ê chiu lāi siâⁿ-chhī ū Colby, Hays, Salina, Junction City, Topeka, Lawrence, Bonner Springs, kap Kansas City. Nā I-35 sī lâm-pak hiòng, liân khì Oklahoma ê Oklahoma City kap Iowa ê Des Moines, keng-kòe chiu lāi ê Wichita, El Dorado, Emporia, Ottawa, kap Kansas City téng siâⁿ.

Bûn-hòa
-------

Tī Bí-kok bûn-ha̍k lāi-bīn, Kansas chin chhut-miâ ê chi̍t hāng tāi-chì, sī chò 1900 nî siáu-soat *Oz ê Tōa Su̍t-sū* (*The Wonderful Wizard of Oz*) chú-kak Dorothy Gale ê kò͘-hiong. 1939 nî kái-pian ê tiān-iáⁿ *The Wizard of Oz* lāi, ū chi̍t kù kháu-pe̍h kóng "Lán í-keng bô tī Kansas lāi--ah" (We're not in Kansas anymore), āu-lâi piàn Eng-gí ê chi̍t kù bêng-giân, piáu-sī ka-tī ji̍p-khì liáu sin khoân-kéng.

Chham-khó
---------

1. ↑  "Governor's Signature Makes English the Official Language of Kansas". US English. May 11, 2007. August 6, 2008 khòaⁿ--ê.
2. ↑  "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. 2014-12-26. 2014-12-26 khòaⁿ--ê.
3. 1 2  "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. October 21, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.
4. 1 2  Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
5. ↑  "Annual Average Number of Tornadoes, 1953–2004". National Climatic Data Center. October 25, 2006 khòaⁿ--ê.
6. ↑  Pew Research Center, "Religious Landscape Study"Kansas" online
7. ↑  "Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Kansas". *FRED*. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. 2017-03-11 khòaⁿ--ê.
8. ↑  "Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015". *Bureau of Labor Statistics*. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.
9. ↑  "Ultra high-speed broadband is coming to Kansas City, Kansas". Google.com.

 United States

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | 
* WorldCat Identities
* VIAF: 152389568
* LCCN: n79007369
* ISNI: 0000 0004 0393 0633
* GND: 4114131-3
* SUDOC: 176543422
* BNF: cb120658452 (data)
* NDL: 00628402
* NKC: ge138175
* BNE: XX455331
* CiNii: DA04856342

 |

 |