"Seng-bu̍t" choán koè chia. Chhōe kî-thaⁿ ēng-hoat, khòaⁿ Seng-bu̍t (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h).
**Sèⁿ-miā-thé** (性命體; Eng-gí: *organism*; Tek-gí: *Lebewesen*) ia̍h ū **seng-bu̍t** (生物), **oa̍h-mi̍h** (活物), **seng-bu̍t-thé** (生物體) téng kóng-hoat, sī ū sèⁿ-miā ê kò-thé. Tī-leh seng-bu̍t-ha̍k kap seng-thài-ha̍k tang-tiong, sèⁿ-miā-thé sī hō͘-siāng éng-hióng ê sêng-hūn kò͘-sêng ê 1 chióng siong-tùi ún-tēng ê hē-thóng, ē piáu-hiān te̍k-sû ê kong-lêng kap sèⁿ-miā te̍k-sek ê 1 ê chéng-thé. Sèⁿ-miā-thé siōng tiōng-iàu ê te̍k-sek tō sī sin-tîn-tāi-siā, thang hun ha̍p-sêng tāi-siā kap hun-kái tāi-siā. 

Sèⁿ-miā ê khí-gôan kap seng-bu̍t hun-lūi it-ti̍t ū cheng-gī. It-poaⁿ-te̍k, seng-bu̍t hun-chò 2 tōa lūi: gôan-he̍k-seng-bu̍t kap chin-he̍k-seng-bu̍t. Gôan-he̍k-seng-bu̍t koh hun-chò 2 ê: sè-khún-he̍k (Domain Bacteria) kap kó͘-sè-khún-he̍k (Domain Archaea), chit 2 chióng tiong-kan chha chin chē, chìn-hòa-sú ê gián-kiù kaù taⁿ iáu boē chhoē tio̍h in tiong-kan ê liân-hê. Chin-he̍k-seng-bu̍t ê 2 ê sè-pau-khì: ia̍p-le̍k-thé kap soàⁿ-lia̍p-thé, hoān-sè sī ùi lōe-seng-sè-khún (endosymbiotic bacteria) ián-hòa lâi ê.

Sè-pau chhiau-koè 1 ê ê seng-bu̍t kiò chò to-sè-pau seng-bu̍t.

Kong-ke ê te̍k-sek
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Toā-pō͘-hūn ê seng-bu̍t kong-ke ê te̍k-sek ū:

* ē tín-tāng
* ē chia̍h-si̍t
* ē chhoán-khùi
* ē toā-hàn
* ē seⁿ-thoàⁿ
* tùi chhì-khek ū hoán-èng

Chiah-ê te̍k-sek m̄-sī choân-pō͘ ê seng-bu̍t lóng ū, chhiūⁿ-kóng kúi-nā chióng seng-bu̍t ka-tī bē tín-tāng (sui-bóng si̍t-bu̍t ê seng-tióng ē-sái khòaⁿ chò 1 chióng tín-tāng), iah sī bē ti̍t-chiap tùi khoân-kéng ê piàn-hoà sán-seng hoán-èng. Bî-seng-bu̍t, pí-lūn-kóng sè-khún, tō bē chhoán-khùi. Lēng-gōa, ū chin chē chióng seng-bu̍t ê kò-thé bē seⁿ-thoàⁿ, m̄-koh in hit ê bu̍t-chéng ē-tàng.

Pēⁿ-to̍k
--------

Pēⁿ-to̍k ka-tī bē-tàng seⁿ-thoàⁿ kap sin-tîn-tāi-siā; lán thong-siông bô kā tòng-chò seng-bu̍t. Put-jī-kò, chiàu Bí-kok Hoat-tián (United States Code) ê seng-bu̍t bú-khì siong-koan loē-iông, pēⁿ-to̍k mā sǹg-chò bî-seng-bu̍t. Kúi-nā chióng kià-seng-tōng-bu̍t kap lōe-kiōng-seng-thé (endosymbionts) ka-tī mā bô châi-tiāu seng-chûn. Pēⁿ-to̍k kám beh sǹg chò seng-bu̍t iáu ū chin toā ê cheng-gī. Pēⁿ-to̍k sui-bóng ū kàⁿ-sò͘ kap kî-thaⁿ seng-bu̍t te̍k-iú ê hun-chú, m̄-koh nā bô tī kià-chú-sè-pau lāi-té in tō bô hoat-tō͘ oa̍h lo̍h-khì. Pēⁿ-to̍k sin-tîn-tāi-siā ê kòe-têng mā su-iàu khò kià-chú ê ûi-thôan ki-chè. Chit lō kià-seng hiān-siōng ê khí-gôan iáu bô chheng-chhó, hoān-sè kap kià-chú ū koan-hē.

Hoè-siū
-------

Hoè-siū sī seng-bu̍t ê ki-pún chham-sò͘. Ū-ê seng-bu̍t kan-taⁿ ē-tàng oa̍h 1 kang, ū-ê seng-bu̍t, chhiūⁿ-kóng si̍t-bu̍t, tō ē-tàng oa̍h kúi-nā chheng nî. Sè-pau lāu-siam (senescence) leh koat-tēng seng-bu̍t-thé, sè-khún, pēⁿ-to̍k, sīm-chì sī prion ê hoè-siū ê sî chin tiōng-iàu.

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| * hián
* lūn
* pian
Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k |
| --- |
|  |
| Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê hun-chi | 
* Bî-seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Bián-e̍k-ha̍k
* Chin-khún-ha̍k
* Chìn-hòa seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Cho͘-chit-ha̍k
* Êng-ióng-ha̍k
* Hái-iûⁿ seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Ha̍p-sêng seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Hē-thóng seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Hoà-ha̍k seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Hoat-seⁿ seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Hun-chú seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Io̍h-lí-ha̍k
* Jîn-thé seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Kái-phò-ha̍k
* Kià-seng-thâng-ha̍k
* Kó͘-seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Liōng-chú seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Liû-hêng-pēⁿ-ha̍k
* Piáu-koan ûi-thoân-ha̍k
* Pēⁿ-lí-ha̍k
* Pó-io̍k seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Seng-bu̍t bu̍t-lí-ha̍k
* Seng-bu̍t chu-sìn-ha̍k
* Seng-bu̍t hoà-ha̍k
* Seng-bu̍t hun-lūi-ha̍k
* Seng-bu̍t le̍k-ha̍k
* Seng-bu̍t sò͘-ha̍k
* Seng-bu̍t tē-lí-ha̍k
* Seng-bu̍t thóng-kè-ha̍k
* Seng-lí-ha̍k
* Seng-thài-ha̍k
* Sè-pau seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Sè-pau bî-seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Sèⁿ-miā khí-goân
* Sî-kan seng-but-ha̍k
* Siā-hōe seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Sîn-keng kho-ha̍k
* Si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k
* To̍k-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Tōng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Ú-tiū seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Ûi-thoân-ha̍k
* Ûi-thoân-thé-ha̍k

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|  |
| Sèⁿ-miā ê chân-chhù kiat-kò͘ | 
* Seng-bu̍t-khoan
* Seng-thài-hē
* Seng-bu̍t kûn-chi̍p
* Kò-thé-kûn
* Sèⁿ-miā-thé
* Khì-koan hē-thóng
* Khì-koan
* Cho͘-chit
* Sè-pau
* Sè-pau khì-koan
* Hun-chú
	+ Ko-hun-chú
	+ Seng-bu̍t hun-chú
* Goân-chú

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|  |
| Ki-chhó͘ | 
* Sè-pau ha̍k-soat
* Seng-thài
* Lêng-liōng
* Chìn-hoà
* Ûi-thoân-ha̍k
* Hêng-siông-sèng
* Ha̍p-sêng seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi

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|  |
| Goân-lí | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Chìn-hoà | 
* Sek-èng
* Ûi-thoân-chú phû-tāng
* Ûi-thoân-chú liû-tōng
* Hông-koan chìn-hoà
* Bî-chìn-hoà
* Tu̍t-jiân piàn-ī
* Chū-jiân soán-te̍k
* Chéng-hun-hoà

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|  |
| Seng-thài-ha̍k | 
* Seng-bu̍t to-iūⁿ-sèng
* Chéng-kan koan-hē
* Seng-thài-hē
* Seⁿ-thoàⁿ-tē
* Seng-thài-ūi
* Kò-thé-kûn seng-thài-ha̍k
* Chu-goân

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|  |
| Hun-chú seng-bu̍t-ha̍k | 
* Sè-pau sìn-hō thoân-sàng
* Hoat-io̍k seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
* Piáu-koan ûi-thoân-ha̍k
* Kiám-sò͘ hun-lia̍t
* Iú-si hun-lia̍t
* Choán-lio̍k-āu siu-siah

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|  |
| Seng-bu̍t hoà-ha̍k | 
* Carbohydrate
* Chi-chit
* Tāi-siā
* Hu̍t-sng
* Kong-ha̍p-sêng
* Nn̄g-pe̍h-chit

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