```
       **Tanah Tinggi** (Pang-bô͘:Hang-ji,Ma-lai-gú:Tanah Tinggi) ialah bahasa tanah tinggi.  Tōa-má' ' ' (dà mǎ) atau sin-kā-f̄ex p̣hās̄ʹā it-poa**Chiu-hú** (zhōu f̄ ) ) dan Tang-lâm -a 1-e kok-ka 和 2-lapan kali, tiong-ng khụ̄x [[Lâm Tiong-kok Hái] Mereka khụ̄x [[Má-lâi poàn-tó] 和Thài-kok] ] putih salji Sin-ka-pho kah [ [Ìn-nî s̄umātrā-to;  Tang-pō͘ hō chō Tang Má-lâi-se-a, cheīy p-kin Hui-li̍p-pin, bxr̒neīyw-tó e pak-peng (kā [[Bûn-lâi ] ]] pau tiâu leh), ǹg-lâm sī Ìn-nî.
```

```
       Ma-lai-se-a **(Pang-bô͘:Hang-ji, Ma-lai-gú: Maleseīy), the**Tōa-ma **( Pang-bô͘:Hàn-ji) dan sin-kā-f̄ex it-poa reīyk ẁā*chiw-ḥū* (zhōu fǔ) dan [[Tang-lâm -a 1- e kok-kakhṇ xāyu 2 [[Lam Tiong-kok Hái] peta sidikit] ] peta [[thịy-kk] ] peta]-thea; Tang-pō͘ hō chō Tang Má-lâi-se-a, chiap-kin Hui-li̍p-pin, chiâm bxr̒neīyw-tó e pak-peng (ka [[Bûn-lâi] ]] 33-Bank, 4192 kong-li, kok-ka siu-to͘ sī [[kạwlālạmpexr̒] 1-e jiat-tai Kok-ka, iaitu cho̍at- water tē-li hong-ūi sī [[Tē-kiû Chhiah- tō] ]] 7 hingga 10 [bahasa Inggeris]] 7 hingga**
```

Tē-lí
-----

### Khì-hāu

Má-lâi-se-a sio̍k-î jia̍t-tài ú-lîm khì-hāu, iân-hái pêⁿ-iûⁿ pêng-kin khì-un 25℃~30℃, soaⁿ-khu pêng-kin khì-un 22℃~28℃.

Le̍k-sú
-------

Siông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Má-lâi-se-a ê le̍k-sú
Kun-kù ûi-thoân kiam seng-bu̍t-ha̍k gián-kiù, hiān-tāi jîn-lūi tī tāi-khài 40,000 tang chêng to̍h khì kàu Má-lâi Poàn-tó kap Borneo.

Kong-gôan 15 sè-kí chho͘-kî, tī Melaka ûi tiong-sim ê Melaka ông-kok thóng-it Má-lâi pòan-tó ê tōa-pō·-hūn só·-chāi, pēng-chhiáⁿ hoat-tián chiâⁿ-chòe tng-sî Lám-iûⁿ chú-iàu ê kok-chè bō·-e̍k tiong-sim. Kàu-kah 16 sè-kí liáu-āu, chit-ê ông-kok chêng-āu cho-siū se-hong si̍t-bîn chú-gī kok-ka Phû-tô-gâ, Hô-lân kah Eng-kok ê chhim-lio̍k, pēng-chhiáⁿ tī 1911 nî chiâⁿ-chòe Eng-kok ê si̍t-bîn-tē. Tē-jī chhù sè-kài tāi-chiàn kî-kan, Má-lâi-se-a ê 1-pō·-hūn tē-khu bat hō· Ji̍t-pún chiàm-niá, chiàn-cheng kiat-sok liáu-āu, iū-kok hoe-hok Eng-kok ê thóng-tī. 1957 nî 8 goeh 31 hō, Má-lâi-a Liân-pang thoat-lī Eng-liân-pang, si̍t-hêng to̍k-li̍p. 1963 nî 9 go̍eh 16 hō, Má-lâi-a Liân-pang hām Sin-ka-pho, Sarawak, Sabah ha̍p-pèng, sêng-li̍p "Má-lâi-se-a Kok ".

Jîn-kháu
--------

Má-lai-se-a chôan-kok chóng jîn-kháu tāi-iok 3-chheng 2-pahbān lâng. Kî-tiong Má-lâi-lâng kah kî-thaⁿ ê gôan-chū-bîn chiām 60%, Tn̂g-lâng (Hôa-jîn) chiām 25%, Ìn-tō·-lâng chiām 7%. 

### Gí-giân

Má-lâi-gí sī Má-lai-se-a ê kok-gí, m̄-koh thong-iōng ê gí-giân khiok-sī Eng-gí, che-í-gōa, Hôa-gí ê sú-iōng hōan-ûi mā put-chí-á khoah. Leng-goa koh u goan-chu-bin e kok-chiong gi-gian.

Chá-kî ê Tn̂g-lâng tōa-to-sò͘ lâi-chū Tiong-kok tang-lâm iân-hái tē-khu. Má-lai-se-a Tn̂g-lâng ê gí-giân, pau-koat Hok-kiàn-oē, Tiô-chiu-oē, Kńg-tang-ōe, Kheh-lâng-ōe, Pak-kiaⁿ-ōe, Hok-chiu-ōe, Hái-lâm-ōe kah kî-thaⁿ ê Tiong-kok hong-giân, kî-tiong ài-sǹg Bân-lâm-gí kah Kńg-tang-ōe ê sú-iōng jîn-kháu siāng-chē.

### Chong-kàu

Islam-kàu sī Má-lai-se-a ê kok-kàu. Kî-thaⁿ ê chong-kàu chú-iàu sī, Hu̍t-kàu, Ki-tok-kàu kah ìn-tō·-kàu.

Chèng-tī
--------

Má-lâi-se-a sī 1-ê liân-pang, mā sī 1-ê ū hiàn-hoat ê ông-kok. Si̍t-chè ê kôan-le̍k tī siú-siòng kah kok-hōe ê chhiú--nih. Kok-ka miâ-gī-siōng siōng-kôan ê léng-tō-lâng sī Yang di-Pertuan Agong, mā sī Islam-kàu ê léng-siù kiam bú-chong pō·-tūi ê Thâu-lâng, iû sóan-kí sán-seng. Gôan-siú chhiú-thâu ū li̍p-hoat, su-hoat kah hêng-chèng ê choè-ko kôan-le̍k, ū jīm-bēng chóng-lí, tông-ì ah-sī kū-cho̍at kái-sàn kok-hōe ê chiong-chióng kôan-le̍k. Gôan-siú ê jīm-kî sī 5-nî. Thóng-tī-chiá gī-hōe sī iû Má-la̍k-kah 4-ê chiu ê chiu gôan-siú kah kok-lāi kî-thaⁿ 9-ê chiu ê sè-si̍p sultan chó·-sêng. Thóng-tī-chiá gī-hōe ê chit-lêng sī tī-leh 9-ê sè-si̍p sultan tang-tiong lûn-liû sóan-kí sán-seng kok-ka ê choè-ko gôan-siú kah hù choè-ko gôan-siú ; sím-gī pēng-chhiáⁿ pan-pō· kok-ka ê hoat-lu̍t, hoat-kui; tùi chôan-kok-sèng ê Islam-kàu būn-tê ū chòe-chiong chhâi-koat-kôan; sím-gī sia̍p-ki̍p Ma-lâi-lâng hām kî-thaⁿ gôan-chū-bîn chi-kan ê te̍k-kôan cheng-gī téng tiōng-tāi ê būn-tôe. Hôan-sī iú-koan "thóng-tī-chiá te̍k-kôan tē-ūi" ê hoat-lu̍t, nā-bô keng-kòe gī-hōe tông-ì, to̍h bōe-tàng thong-kòe. Kok-hōe sī chòe-ko li̍p-hoat ki-kò·, iû "siōng gī-īⁿ "kah "hā gī-īⁿ "chó·-sêng, put-lī-kò, si̍t-kôan khiok-sī chiáng-ak tī lōe-koh chhiú-tiong.

### Hêng-chèng-khu

*Chham-khó: Má-lâi-se-a ê hêng-chèng-khu*

Chham-chiàu
-----------

1. ↑  Virginia Matheson Hooker (2003). *A Short History of Malaysia: Linking East and West*. Short History of Asia Series. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86448-955-3.

Chām-gōa liân-kiat
------------------

* Malaysia tē-tô

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|  | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Malaysia*** |

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| * hián
* lūn
* pian
Tang-lâm-a ê kok-ka |
| --- |
|  |
| Bûn-lâi · Hui-li̍p-pin · Ìn-nî · Kán-po͘-chē · Láu-o · Má-lâi-se-a · Bián-tiān · Oa̍t-lâm · Sin-ka-pho · Thài-kok · Tang Timor |

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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

| * hián
* lūn
* pian
A-chiu ê kok-ka kah i-lāi-tē |
| --- |
|  |
| Kok-ka | A-la-pek Liân-ha̍p Thâu-lâng-kok · Abkhazia1 4 · Afghanistan · Ai-ki̍p5 · Armenia · Artsakh1 · Azerbaijan4 · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Bián-tiān · Bông-kó͘ · Bûn-lâi · Gruzia4 · Hui-li̍p-pin · Í-sek-lia̍t · Ìn-nî6 · Ìn-tō͘ · Iok-tàn · Iran · Iraq · Ji̍t-pún · Kán-po͘-chē · Kazakhstan4 · Ku-pí-lō͘4 · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Lâm Ossetia1 4 · Lī-pa-lùn · Láu-o · Lō͘-se-a4 · Má-lâi-se-a · Maldives · Nî-pô-lô · Oa̍t-lâm · Oman · Pak Ku-pí-lō͘1 4 · Pakistan · Palestine1 2 · Qatar · Saudi A-la-pek · Sin-ka-pho · Sri Lanka · Su-lī-a · Hân-kok · Tâi-oân1 3 · Tajikistan · Tang Timor6 · Thài-kok · Pak Tiâu-sián · Tiong-kok · Thó͘-ní-kî4 · Turkmenistan · Uzbekistan · Yemen |
|  |
| Kî-thaⁿ ê léng-thó͘ | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok | Akrotiri kap Dhekelia |
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| Tiong-kok | Hiong-káng  · Ò-mn̂g |
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| Ò-chiu | Cocos Kûn-tó  · Sèng-tàn-tó |

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|  |
| Chhù: 1. M̄-sī Liân-ha̍p-kok ê hoē-oân-kok. 2.Chiáⁿ-koàⁿ Palestine būn-tê 3.M̄-sī chèng-sek ê kok-miâ, hō͘ Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok ê chèng-hú thóng-tì. Chiáⁿ-koàⁿ Tâi-oân būn-tê. 4. Mā sī Au-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. 5. Mā sī Hui-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. 6. Mā sī Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. |

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| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | 
* WorldCat Identities
* VIAF: 128419926
* LCCN: n79022246
* ISNI: 0000 0001 2177 5970
* GND: 4037203-0
* SELIBR: 153273
* SUDOC: 027400212
* BNF: cb11945050f (data)
* BIBSYS: 99056428
* HDS: 003420
* NLA: 35323768
* NDL: 00567491
* NKC: ge129933
* BNE: XX452375
* CiNii: DA03173300

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