recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
1897-nî hip--ê, Tâi-pak Kanatsui-siā ê Pêⁿ-po·-cho̍k-lâng.
Chá-kî Tâi-ôan ê gôan-chū-bîn-cho̍k hun-pò͘.
**Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k** sī khiā tī Tâi-ôan pêⁿ-iûⁿ khu-he̍k ê gôan-chū-bîn-cho̍k. "Pêⁿ-po͘" tō-sī pêⁿ-iûⁿ ê ì-sù. Ū sî mā kā pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k kóng chò **Pêⁿ-po͘**, chóng--sī Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k khêng-si̍t sī chí bô-kâng bûn-hòa, bô-kâng gí-giân, bô-kâng po͘-lo̍k jīn-tông ê kúi-ā-tīn cho̍k-kûn, só͘-í mā ū lâng chú-tiuⁿ tio̍h hō-chò **Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k-kûn** khah tùi-tâng.

Tī chha-put-to 400-tang chêng Hàn-jîn chiah tú chhian-sóa lâi Tâi-ôan khui-hng kap khiā-khí chìn-chêng, Tâi-ôan sai-pêng ê pêⁿ-iûⁿ, chá tō ū chiâⁿ-chē Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k tī hia, ùi Ke-lâng it-ti̍t kàu Hêng-chhun lóng ū Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k khiā-khí, sīm-chì pau-koat āu-soaⁿ ê Gî-lân mā ū Kavalan Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k. 

Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k chit-ê miâ, í-keng ū ta̍k-ê kòan-sì ê hōan-ûi tī leh, chhin-chhiūⁿ Amis-cho̍k sui-bóng tōa-pō͘-hūn mā khiā tī pêⁿ-iûⁿ, m̄-koh tō bô sǹg tī Pêⁿ-po͘ lāi-té.

Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k kap Hàn-jîn ê gí-giân hām bûn-hòa lóng koh-iūⁿ, nā chiàu gí-giân, siā-hōe, bûn-hòa kap thé-chit lâi khòaⁿ, in hām "Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k" kāng-khóan, tī Jîn-lūi-ha̍k lóng sio̍k-tī Lâm-tó-gí-cho̍k.

Gōa-pō· liân-kiat
-----------------

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Plains Aborigines of Taiwan*** |

* Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ ê Pêⁿ-po· Bûn-hòa Chu-sìn-bāng ( 平埔文化資訊網 ) Archived 2004-11-04 at the Wayback Machine. (Hôa-gí)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

| * hián
* lūn
* pian
Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k |
| --- |
|  |
| Hêng-chèng-īⁿ ū sêng-jīm | Amis-cho̍k (Pangcah)   Tayal-cho̍k   Bunun-cho̍k   Kanakanavu-cho̍k   Kavalan-cho̍k   Paiwan-cho̍k   Puyuma-cho̍k   Rukai-cho̍k   Saaroa-cho̍k   Sakizaya-cho̍k   Saisiyat-cho̍k   Seediq-cho̍k   Tao-cho̍k   Thao-cho̍k   Truku-cho̍k   Tsou-cho̍k |
|  |
| Tē-hng ū sêng-jīm | Makatao-cho̍k (Pîn-tong-koān)   Siraya-cho̍k (Tâi-lâm-chhī)   Taivuan-cho̍k (Hoa-liân-koān Hù-lí-hiong) |
|  |
| Koaⁿ-hong bô sêng-jīm | Babuza-cho̍k   Basay-cho̍k   Hoanya-cho̍k   Kaxabu-cho̍k   Ketagalan-cho̍k   Kulon-cho̍k   Luilang-cho̍k   Papora-cho̍k   Pazeh-cho̍k   Qauqaut-cho̍k   Taokas-cho̍k |
|  |
| Kî-thaⁿ hun-lūi | Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k   Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k   Formosa-lâng |

 |
Bachelet, 2006
**Verónica Michelle Bachelet Jeria** /βeˈɾonika miˈʃɛl baʃˈle ˈçeɾja/ (1951 nî 9 goe̍h 29 seⁿ) sī Chile Siā-hōe-tóng ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I pún-té sī gōa-kho kiam sió-jî-kho i-seng. I iâⁿ 2006 nî ê chóng-thóng tāi-soán, 3 goe̍h 11 chiū-jīm, chiâⁿ-chò hit-kok thâu-1-ê cha-bó· chóng-thóng. I kiâⁿ un-hô ê tiong-kan-phian-chó lō·-soàⁿ, 1 hong-bīn beh chiap-sòa Ricardo Lagos ê chū-iû chhī-tiûⁿ chèng-chhek, lēng-gōa 1 hong-bīn oân-ná kóng beh ka-kiông siā-hōe hok-lī thang kiám-chió hó-gia̍h kap sàn-chhiah chi-kan ê chha-īⁿ. Bachelet ê sèng-pia̍t kap i tan-sin bó-chhin ê sin-hūn siū-tio̍h kok-chè kap Chile mûi-thé te̍k-pia̍t chù-ì.

Bachelet ê lāu-pē sī Chile Khong-kun ê chiong-kun, in-ūi hoán-tùi Augusto Pinochet chiong-kun tī 1973 nî kun-piàn, āu--lâi sí tī kaⁿ-ga̍k. I kap lāu-bó hō· sin chèng-koân koaiⁿ kúi-ā-lé-pài. 1975 nî lī-khui Chile, tī Tang-tek oân-sêng i-ha̍k ha̍k-ūi. 1979 nî tńg-khì Chile. I tāi-ha̍k sî-tāi tō chham-ka Siā-hōe-chú-gī Chheng-liân-hōe, tī 1980 nî-tāi ē-kî koh-chài kiâⁿ-ji̍p chèng-tī. 1995 nî tam-jīm Chile Siā-hōe-tóng ê Tiong-iong Úi-oân; 1998 kàu 2000 nî sī Chèng-tī Úi-oân-hōe (*Political Commission*) ê chek-ke̍k hūn-chú. 1996 nî tâu-ji̍p Las Condes ê chhī-tiúⁿ soán-kí, tùi-chhiú sī āu--lâi ê chóng-thóng tùi-chhiú Joaquín Lavín. Lavín iâⁿ 78% ê phiò, i kan-taⁿ the̍h-tio̍h 2.35%, pâi tē-4-ūi. 1999 nî i ūi Ricardo Lagos tī chóng-thóng chho·-soán chō·-soán. Lagos chiū-jīm liáu-āu, chi-phài i chò oē-seng pō·-tiúⁿ (2000 nî) kap kok-hông pō·-tiúⁿ (2002 nî). I sī tē-1-ê tī Latin Bí-chiu kok-ka hoāⁿ hit-ūi ê cha-bó·-lâng.

Siā-hōe-tóng chhōa-thâu ê *Concertación* liân-bêng chū 1990 nî bîn-chú-hòa liáu-āu hoāⁿ-koân kàu-taⁿ. Ricardo Lagos chip-chèng ê kî-kan, Chile ê keng-chè sêng-tióng chhiau-kòe 5%.

Gōa-pō· liân-kiat
-----------------

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Michelle Bachelet*** |

* Chóng-thóng kēng-sóan bāng-chām Archived 2014-02-08 at the Wayback Machine. (Se-pan-gâ-gí)
**Mr.Children** (Ji̍t-bûn: ミスターチルドレン) sī Ji̍t-pún ê ga̍k-thoân; kán-chheng chò **Misuchiru** (**ミスチル**). Mr.Children ê thoân-oân lóng-chóng ū 4-ê lâng; hun-pia̍t sī chú-chhiùⁿ Sakurai Kazutoshi (桜井和寿), gì-tah-chhiú Tahara Kenichi (田原健一), bass Nakagawa Keisuke (中川敬輔), kap kó͘-chhiú Suzuki Hideya (鈴木英哉). Mr.Children ê chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ kong-si sī Toy's Factory.

Ko-tiong sî-kî, Sakurai Kazutoshi hām Nakagawa Keisuke tī kheng-im-ga̍k-siā sio-bat, pēng-chhiáⁿ tàu-tīn kè-ōe beh cho͘-chit ga̍k-thoân; āu-lâi Sakurai koh iû-soat iau-chhiáⁿ goân-lâi sī iá-kiû-siā ê Tahara Kenichi ka-ji̍p. 1988-nî 9-goe̍h, 3-lâng lóng chū ko-tiong pit-gia̍p, tī Nakagawa ê kài-siāu chi-hā, Suzuki Hideya mā ka-ji̍p ga̍k-thoân; in-ê thoân-miâ hō-chò **THE WALL**. 1989-nî 1-goe̍h chhe-1, in chiah kái-miâ hō-chò Mr.Children; chiū-àn-ne, in khai-sí tī sì-kè cháu-chhiùⁿ piáu-ián, it-ti̍t kàu 1992-nî tī pêng-iú ê khan-ín chi-hā, in hām chè-chok-jîn Kobayashi Takeshi se̍k-sāi. Chiông-chhú, Mr.Children chiâⁿ-chò ji̍t-āu sî-kiâⁿ Ji̍t-pún liû-hêng ga̍k-toâⁿ ê sin sè-le̍k, hian-khí hit-tang-chūn ê "Misuchiru hiān-siōng".

Chū Mr.Children chhut-tō kàu taⁿ, í-keng hoat-hêng 30-tiuⁿ koan-kun tan-khek kap 12-tiuⁿ koan-kun choan-chip. Kàu 2011-nî 8-goe̍h, Mr.Children ê seng-gâi siau-lō͘ tāi-iok ū 5498-bān tiuⁿ, tī Ji̍t-pún le̍k-sú siōng pâi tī tē-jī.

Thoân-oân
---------

| Miâ-jī | Pō͘-hūn | Seⁿ-ji̍t | Kò͘-hiong | Hoeh-hêng |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Sakurai Kazutoshi**(桜井和寿) | lâng-siaⁿgì-tahchhùi-khîmkǹg-khîm | 1970 nî 3 goe̍h 8 ji̍t | Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘ | O |
| **Tahara Kenichi**(田原健一) | gì-tahCheng-khîmmandolinPIANICA | 1969 nî 9 goe̍h 24 ji̍t | Hukuoka-koān | O |
| **Nakagawa Keisuke**(中川敬輔) | bass | 1969 nî 8 goe̍h 26 ji̍t | Nagasaki-koān | A |
| **Suzuki Hideya**(鈴木英哉) | chiok-sū-kó͘hô-senglâng-siaⁿ | 1969 nî 11 goe̍h 14 ji̍t | Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘ | A |

Keng-le̍k
---------

Chok-phín
---------

### Tan-khek

### Choan-chip

Ti̍t-chióng kap kì-lo̍k
-----------------------

### Oricon Chart

Chham-khó
---------

1. ↑  桜井は「自分達がロックバンドだとは、そもそも思っていない」と述べている。

Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
-----------------

* MR.CHILDREN (Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām)
* TOY'S FACTORY (Chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ kong-si)
**wiki** (hoat-im "úi-kih" a̍h "u-it-kih") kap **WikiWiki** chí 1 khóan chhiau-bûn-jī (*hypertext*) ê bûn-kiāⁿ-chi̍p he̍k-chiá sī sêng-sán hit-kóa bûn-kiāⁿ ê ha̍p-chok-tek nńg-thé. "**Wiki wiki**" lâi chū Hā-oái-ih-oē, ì-sù sī "iáu-siū-á kín". *Wiki* ('W' tōa-siá) kap *WikiWikiWeb* ū-sî chí Portland Pattern Repository -- tē-1-ê wiki. It-poaⁿ-sèng ê iōng-hoat sī kiàn-gī siá sió-siá ê 'w'.

Wikipedia sī 1 khóan wiki.

Te̍k-sek
--------

Wiki ê bûn-kiāⁿ hō·-chò "ia̍h". Iōng-chiá thàu-kòe *browser* ē-sái chhau-chok wiki-ia̍h ê lōe-iông kap kiat-kò·. Iōng wiki kho-ki siat sin ia̍h a̍h-sī siu-kái í-keng chûn-chāi ê ia̍h lóng chin kan-tan, in-ūi wiki sú-iōng 1 khoán kán-hòa ê markup gí-giân, iōng-chiá bē-hiáu HTML iû-goân ū-hoat-tō· chè-chō bûn-kiāⁿ.

It-poaⁿ lâi kóng, siu-kái--kòe ê ia̍h bián keng-kòe lâng sím-cha tō ē-iōng-tit pī chiap-siū. Tōa-pō.-hūn ê wiki tùi-gōa kong-khai, chì-chió sī tùi kâng-ê server ê iōng-chiá kong-khai. Chù-chheh m̄-sī pit-iàu--ê.

### Pian-chi̍p wiki-ia̍h

Thoân-thóng ê wiki-ia̍h siâng-sî ū 2 chióng hêng-thài tāi-piáu múi-1-ia̍h: hián-sī iōng--ê hêng (it-poaⁿ sī sek-ha̍p browser nńg-thé kái-tha̍k ê HTML) kap pian-chi̍p iōng--ê hêng (kán-hòa ê markup gí-giân). In-ūi HTML sú-iōng chē-chē-khoán *nested tag*, tag kap lōe-iông thàu-lām chò-hóe, pian-chi̍p bûn-kiāⁿ pí-kàu-tek khah bān, khah ho̍k-cha̍p. Koh in-ūi HTML ún-chún lâng iōng chhin-chhiūⁿ JavaScript kap Cascading Style Sheet chiah-ê hú-chō· kho-ki, iau-kiû iōng wiki te̍k-sû ê tag khah hó î-chhî it-tì ê kek-sek kap chéng-thé ê kám-kak.

Iōng-chiá iōng wiki gí-hoat chéng-lí hó lōe-iông liáu-āu, "wiki iân-jín" tō chiōng goân-sú ê bûn-kiāⁿ choán-oāⁿ chò HTML, HTML bûn-kiāⁿ chiah koh sàng hō· iōng-chiá ê browser kái-tha̍k, hián-sī.

Wiki chiap-siū ê gí-hoat ū bē-chió chióng "hong-giân". Kán-tan ê wiki iân-jín kan-na ū-hoat-tō· chiap-siū ki-pún ê bûn-jī kek-sek-hòa chí-lēng (chhin-chhiūⁿ chho·-thé, sin toāⁿ-lo̍h). Khah ho̍k-cha̍p ê wiki chi-oān *table*, iáⁿ-siòng, hong-thêng-sek, téng-téng. Ūi beh chéng-ha̍p to-goân ê gí-hoat, ū lâng tng teh chè-tēng 1 thò piau-chún ê *Wiki Markup Standard* .

Chām-gōa liân-kiat
------------------

* MeatballWiki ê "Tour bus stop"
* WikiWikiWeb (tē-1-ê wiki)
* MeatBall:WikiCommunityList
* MeatBall:BiggestWiki
* 
* Home library wiki
* EvoWiki: How wikis evolve Archived 2006-02-10 at the Wayback Machine.
* How did you come up with the idea for the Wiki? (Mûi-thé hóng-būn Ward Cunningham)
* Parsewiki
***Hō͘-káng Ke-lâng*** (Hoâ-gí: 雨港基隆, *Yǔgǎng Jīlóng*) sī 1 ê í chiàn-āu kàu 228 sū-kiāⁿ--ê Ke-lâng-chhī chò poē-kéng--ê Bí-siàu-lú (美少女) iû-hì, chú-iāu iōng Hoâ-gí, iû Erotes Studio chhòng-chok. 2014 nî 2 goe̍h 28 ji̍t thui-chhut thé-giām-pán.

Kak-sek
-------

* Lí Tiāu-ûi (李肇維)

Lâm-chú-kak. Bat tī Ji̍t-pún--ê Tang-kiaⁿ tha̍k-chheh, toà tī Lîm Bêng-hoâ--ê kong-gū (公寓), tī Tiuⁿ Hiáu-jû--ê tê-koán chò hoé-kè.
* Lîm Bêng-hoâ (林明華)

Lú-chú-kak chi 1, Ji̍t-pún-oē miâ tha̍k-chò "Hayasi Asuka" (Hùn-lēng-sek), in pa-pah sī Ji̍t-pún-láng, ma-mah sī Tâi-oân-lâng. Lí Tiāu-ûi só͘ tuà kong-gū--ê chhù-chú.
* Tiuⁿ Hiáu-jû (張曉瑜)

Lú-chú-kak chi 1, tê-siong (茶商)--ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ, Lí Tiāu-ûi--ê téng-si.
* Tân Gio̍k (陳鈺)

Lú-chú-kak chi 1, Choân-chiu-lâng, kap-ì pò͘-tē-hì. In lāu-pē sī chiap-siu Ke-lâng--ê Kok-bîn-kun kun-koaⁿ.

Hē-thóng Su-kiû
---------------

* Chok-gia̍p hē-thóng: Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8
* CPU: Pentium 4 1.4GHz í-siōng
* Kì-ek-thé (記憶體): 1GB í-siōng
* DirectX: DirectX 9.0c
* kái-sek-tō͘ (解析度, resolution): 1280×720 í-siōng.

Goā-kháu liân-kiat
------------------

* *Hō͘-káng Ke-lâng* Official Site Archived 2014-07-01 at the Wayback Machine.(Koaⁿ-oē)

Chù-kha
-------

1. ↑  郭建伸 (20140228). "7年級生寫遊戲 「雨港基隆」帶你重回228". Liân-ha̍p-pò (聯合報). (Koaⁿ-oē)*(liân-kiat tn̄g-khì)*
2. ↑  Erotes Studio. "雨港基隆 Official Site/資訊". (Koaⁿ-oē)
**Kiaⁿ-to͘ Gī-tēng-su** sī chiam-tùi 1 ê Liân-ha̍p-kok kok-chè kong-iok ê siu-tēng thê-àn, bo̍k-tek sī beh chiam-tùi choân-kiû-sèng ê un-sek hāu-èng ín-khí ê choân-kiû loán-hòa tēng 1 ê chhú-lí ê hoat-tō͘. 

I ê choân-miâ hō͘-chò **Liân-ha̍p-kok Khì-hāu Piàn-hòa Framework Kong-iok ê Kiaⁿ-to· Gī-tēng-su** (UNFCCC).

Chhiam-jī ê kok-ka chū-goān kiám-chió in pàng--chhut-lâi ê un-sek khì-thé (CO2 téng-téng).

Chit ê gī-tēng-su sī tī 1997 nî 12-goe̍h tī Ji̍t-pún Kiaⁿ-to͘ hia̍p-tiâu chhut-lâi--ê. Tùi 1998 nî 3-goe̍h 16 khai-sí khai-hòng hō͘ ta̍k-kok ê chèng-hú chhiam-sú, kàu 1999 nî 3-goe̍h 15 uî-chí.

Kàu-kah 2002 nî ū 104 ê kok-ka chhiam-sú, pau-koat Europa Liân-bêng. Bí-kok chū 2001 nî tō kū-choat kè-siok chham-siông. Lō͘-se-a chèng-hú tī 2004 nî 9-goe̍h-té piáu-sī goān-ì chhiam-jī, tī 11 goe̍h 18 chèng-sek thong-kòe. 2005 nî 2 goe̍h 16 khai-sí si̍t-si.

Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
-----------------

### Bûn-kiāⁿ

* Hôa-bûn pán (kán-thé-jī, PDF keh-sek)
* Eng-bûn pán

### Kî-thaⁿ

* 

Wi fi
Chi̍t tâi Kok-kong Kheh-ūn ê tōa-kheh-chhia, iû Hân-kok Daewoo kong-si só͘ seng-sán**.**

  

**Kok-kong Khì-chhia Kheh-ūn Kó͘-hūn Iú-hān-kong-si** (國光汽車客運股份有限公司), kán-chheng **Kok-kong Kheh-ūn** (國光客運), sī Tâi-oân chi̍t-keng bîn-kan ê kong-lō͘ kheh-ūn kong-si. I ê chiân-sin sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú ê kong-êng sū-gia̍p **Tâi-oân Khì-chhia Kheh-ūn Kong-si** (臺灣汽車客運公司), kán-chheng **Tâi-khì** (臺汽). 

Kok-kong Khé-ūn tī choân Tâi-oân ū 28 ê tōa chhia-chām kap 60 ê iân-lō͘ bē-phiò-chhù.

Le̍k-sú iân-kek
---------------

* 1946 nî, Tâi-oân-séng Chèng-hú Kau-thong-kio̍k Kong-lō͘-chhù (臺灣省政府交通處公路局).
* 1980 nî, hoat-lu̍t kui-tēng kong-lō͘ kheh-ūn gia̍p ài cho͘-chit kong-si, jî-chhiáⁿ êng-ūn kap kàn-lí ài hun-li̍p, só͘-í chèng-hú sêng-li̍p Tâi-oân Khì-chhia Kheh-ūn Kong-si.
* 2001 nî, chèng-hú koat-tēng kong-êng sū-gia̍p bîn-êng-hòa, só͘-í siat-li̍p sin ê Kok-kong Khì-chhia Kheh-ūn Kó͘-hūn Iú-hān-kong-si.

Chham-khó chu-liāu
------------------

1. ↑   Archived 2022-04-16 at the Wayback Machine.
2. ↑   Archived 2023-02-26 at the Wayback Machine.
Hoat-lân-se si̍t-bîn tè-kok
**Hoat-lân-se si̍t-bîn tè-kok** (*Empire colonial français*) sī Hoat-kok tī 17 sè-kí kàu 1960 nî-tāi tiong-kan só͘ khòng-chè ê chē-chē tè i̍t-bîn-tē. Tī 19 kàu 20 sè-kí chho͘-kî, i chiâⁿ-chò sè-kài tē-jī tōa si̍t-bîn tè-kok, tē-it sī Tāi-eng Tè-kok. Tī 1919 kàu 1939 nî chit-ê tian-hong sî-kî, i hâm-kài 1234.7-bān pêng-hong kong-lí ê thó͘-tē. Nā-sī kā Hoat-kok pún-thó͘ iā sǹg ji̍p-lâi ê ōe, i-ê biān-chek tiō ū 1289.8-bān pêng-hong kong-lí, chiàm sè-kài thó͘-tē chóng biān-chek ê 8.6%. Chia-ê si̍t-bîn-tē tī 20 sè-kí ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á to̍k-li̍p liáu-āu, kàu-taⁿ kan-na pó-liû hun-pò͘ chāi pak Tāi-se-iûⁿ, Carib Hái, Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ, lâm Thài-pêng-iûⁿ kap pak Thài-pêng-iûⁿ kúi pah ê bô-kāng ê tó-sū ia̍h-sī kûn-tó, lēng-gōa iáu-koh ū Hoat-kok léng Lâm-hong kap Lâm-ke̍k Tē-he̍k, chóng biān-chek ū 12.315-bān pêng-hong kong-lí; che sī 1939 nî sî ê 1%.

Siong-koan
----------

* Hoat-kok Hái-gōa
**Sarah Flannery** (1982 nî —) tī Éire Contae Chorcaí chhut-sì, 16 hoè ê sî tī Baltimore Ki-su̍t (Baltimore Technologies) si̍t-sip koè chi̍t-chām-á, liáu-āu hoat-tián Cayley-Purser ián-sǹg-hoat, boé--á tit tio̍h 1999 nî BT Chheng-siàu-liân Kho-ha̍k-ka kap Ki-su̍t Tián-lám (BT Young Scientist and Technology Exhibition) ê chóng koan-kun. Sarah ê gián-kiù kè-oē hō chò "Àm-bé-ha̍k - Chi̍t ê sin ê ián-sǹg-hoat kap RSA ê pí-phēng" ("Cryptography - A new algorithm versus the RSA"), mā tit tio̍h 1999 nî Au-chiu Liân-bêng Chheng-siàu-liân Kho-ha̍k-ka Pí-sài (European Union Contest for Young Scientists) ê kim-pâi. Sarah kap lāu-pē ha̍p-siá ê chheh *In Code* tī 2001 nî chhut-pán.

Sarah boé--á khì Cambridge Tāi-ha̍k Peterhouse Ha̍k-īⁿ tha̍k tiān-náu kho-ha̍k, 2003 nî chhut-gia̍p. 2006 nî ê sî tiàm tī Tiān-chú Gē-su̍t (Electronic Arts) khang-khoè.

Ka-cho̍k
--------

Sarah Flannery ê pē-bú sī David kap Elaine Flannery. Ū 4 ê sió-tī.

Chham-khó chu-bo̍k
------------------

* Sarah Flannery kap David Flannery. *In Code: A Mathematical Journey*, 2001 ISBN 1-56512-377-8
* Àm-bé-ha̍k - Chi̍t ê sin ê ián-sǹg-hoat kap RSA ê pí-phēng.

Siong-koan chu-liāu
-------------------

* Intel Kok-chè Kho-ha̍k kap Kang-têng Phok-lám-hoē (Intel International Science and Engineering Fair)
* Soàⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘
* Àm-bé-ha̍k
* Cayley-Purser ián-sǹg-hoat

Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
-----------------

* Mathematica kap Pì-bi̍t ê Kho-ha̍k Archived 2010-01-08 at the Wayback Machine.
* Sarah ê phò-kái ián-sǹg-hoat
Pepper stand at Central Market in Houston, Texas, showing its peppers ranked on the Scoville scale
The ghost pepper of Northeast India is considered to be a "very hot" pepper, at about 1 million SHU.
The Naga Morich, with around 1 million SHU, is primarily found in Bangladesh.
**Scoville niû-pió** (ing-gú: Scoville scale; **Scoville liōng-huà tsí-piau**) sī kin-kì huan-kiunn-á sòo ê lông-tōo, í Scoville jia̍t tan-uī (SHU) kì-lio̍k ê huan-kiunn-á [en] kah kî-thann bu̍t-tsit ê hiam-lua̍h tōo (hi̍k-tsiá "jia̍t-tōo") ê tshik-liông ti̍t, kî-tiong hiam-lua̍h sòo sī tsú-iàu sîng-hūn.

Tsit-ê niû-pió í-kî tshòng-sū jîn, Bí-kok io̍h-tse-su Wilbur Scoville ê miâ-jī bīng-miâ, Wilbur Scoville tī 1912-nî the̍h-tshut ê hong-huat hông kiò-tsò Scoville kám-kuan tshik-tshì. Scoville kám-kuan ê tshik-tshì sī tsi̍t-tsióng tsú-kuan ê pîng-kóo, iû-î tsia̍h-kuè hiam-kiunn-á ê jîn-luī tuì luī hiam-kiunn-á sòo ê m-bín-kám-tōo sóo ttik-tshut–ê.

Līng-guā tsi̍t-tsióng hong-huat, tio̍h-sī ko-hāu i̍k-siōng sik-phóo-huat (HPLC); ē-tàng iōng-teh hun-sik liōng-huà luī hiam-kiunn-á sòo hâm-liōng, tsò-uî tshì-kik liōng-huà tsí-piau. Tsia̍t-tsí 2011-nî, tsú-kuan kám-kuan tshik-tshì í-king teh tsiânn-tuā thîng-tōo tíng-kuân hōo HPLC tíng-tíng hun-sik hong-huat sóo-lâi tshú-tāi.

Tsù-kái
-------

1. ↑  Barry-Jester, Anna Maria (October 15, 2014). "Rating Chili Peppers On A Scale Of 1 To Oh Dear God I'm On Fire". *FiveThirtyEight*. 2014-11-02 khòaⁿ--ê.
2. ↑  "Some Like It Hot: Dorset's Ultra-Hot Chillies". goân-loē-iông tī 19 November 2012 hőng khó͘-pih. 25 August 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.
3. 1 2 3 4  Twilight Greenaway (10 January 2013). "How Hot is That Pepper? How Scientists Measure Spiciness". Smithsonian.com, US Smithsonian Institution. 17 December 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.
4. ↑  Scoville, Wilbur (May 1912). "Note on Capsicums". *Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association*. **1** (5): 453–454. doi:10.1002/jps.3080010520.
5. ↑  Collins MD, Wasmund LM, Bosland PW (1995). "Improved method for quantifying capsaicinoids in *Capsicum* using high-performance liquid chromatography". *HortScience*. **30** (1): 137–139. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.30.1.137.
6. ↑  Al Othman, Zeid Abdullah (2011). "Determination of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin in Capsicum Fruit Samples using High Performance Liquid Chromatography". *Molecules*. **16** (10): 8920. doi:10.3390/molecules16108919. PMID 22024959.

Tsham-ua̍t
----------

* pH
* Sng

Guā-pōo liân-kiat
-----------------

* Wilbur ScovilleIa̍h-bīn chûn-àn pī-hūn
 profile on NNDB
N̂g Chheng-tiâⁿ ka-tī oē ka-tī
**N̂g Chheng-tiâⁿ** (黃清埕) sī Tâi-oân ū-miâ ê gē-su̍t-ka, choan-koàn tiau-sok kap iû-oē, 1912 nî tī Phîⁿ-ô͘ Sai-sū chhut-sì, 1943 nî chē ê chûn hō͘ Bí-kok tiàm-bī-chûn ê hî-lûi khian--tio̍h, nî-hoè chiah 31 soah lâi koè-sin.

Seng-pêng
---------

1912 nî N̂g Chheng-tiâⁿ tī Phîⁿ-ô͘ Sai-sū Tî-tang-chhoan chhut-sì, tha̍k kong-ha̍k-haū ê sî tō khai-sí toè Laû Chheng-êng (劉清榮) o̍h oē-tô͘, chin ū bí-su̍t ê thian-hūn. 1925 nî khó tiâu Ko-hiông Tiong-ha̍k, m̄-koh i lóng kò͘ oē-tô͘, boé--á ha̍k-gia̍p pha-hng, soà lâi thoè-ha̍k. 1933 nî laū-pē sàng i khì Tang-kiaⁿ chún-pī khó i-kho, m̄-koh 1936 nî i chaú khì khó Tang-kiaⁿ Bí-su̍t Ha̍k-haū, khó tiaû tiau-sok-kho. I kap Tân Tek-ōng (陳德旺), Nâ Ūn-teng (藍運登) chò-hoé soè 1 keng oē-sek, kui-sim oē-tô͘ kap tiau-sok. 1939 nî kap Tân Hā-ú (陳夏雨) chò-hoé ji̍p-soán Tè-tián. 1940 nî ji̍p-soán Ji̍t-pún Tiau-khek-ka Hia̍p-hoē ê nî-tián, 1941 nî tit tio̍h Tiau-khek-ka Hia̍p-hoē-siúⁿ.

Hio̍h-joa̍h ê sî, i lóng ē tńg Tâi-oân, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ chioh toà Chiā Kok-iong (謝國鏞) chhù--nih. 1941 nî tī Tâi-lâm Kong-hoē-tn̂g kí-hêng tē 1 pái ê kò-tián. I mā ū chham-ú MOUVE Chō-hêng Bí-su̍t Hia̍p-hoē ê liân-tián.

N̂g Chheng-tiâⁿ mā bat ēng **N̂g Chheng-têng** (黃清呈, 黃清庭) ê miâ-jī lâi hoat-piáu chok-phín.

Tha̍k-chheh kî-kan, N̂g Chheng-tiâⁿ chú-iàu khó hiaⁿ-ko N̂g Chheng-sùn (黃清舜) leh kā chi-chhî, i mā bat thè lâng chò-saⁿ lâi thàn só͘-hùi.

1943 nî 31 hoè, chhut-gia̍p liáu-aū chiap-siū Pak-pêng Gē-choan ê phèng-su. M̄-koh tī tńg Tâi-oân ê lō͘-thaû, chē ê chûn Takatiho-maru (高千穗丸) hō͘ Bí-kok khian tîm--khì, kap ài-jîn Lí Kùi-hiong chò-hoé koè-sin.

Bí-su̍t Sêng-chiū
-----------------

O͘-saⁿ cha-bó͘
N̂g Chheng-tiâⁿ siōng ū-miâ ê chok-phín sī i ê 1 pak iû-oē **O͘-saⁿ Cha-bó͘**, mā ū lâng kā kiò chò Tâi-oân ê Mona Lisa.

Gōa-pō· liân-kiat
-----------------

* 南方紀事之浮世光影: Hip N̂g Chheng-têng ê tiān-iáⁿ
* Archived 2016-04-12 at the Wayback Machine.  Archived 2016-04-12 at the Wayback Machine. Ko-hiông Chhī-li̍p Bí-su̍t-kóan ū N̂g Chheng-têng ê tiau-sok
O͘-ji̍t-khu
**O͘-ji̍t-khu** (烏日區) sī Tâi-oân, Tâi-tiong-chhī ē-kha ê 1-ê khu.

Tē-lí
-----

O͘-ji̍t-khu tī tong-keng 120.38-tō͘, pak-hūi 24.07-tō͘. Tâi-tiong-chhī ê se-lâm kak, pak-pêng sio-chiap Lâm-khu kap Lâm-tūn-khu, tang-pêng sī Tāi-lí-khu kap Bū-hong-khu, lâm-pêng sī Hun-hn̂g-hiong, sai-pêng sī Tōa-tō͘-khu kap Chiong-hòa-chhī.

Tang-se ū 8.4 km, lâm-pak ū 10.4 km. Chóng-bīn-chek sī 43.3 km².

O͘-ji̍t chē hô-chhoan. Tōa-tō͘-khe, O͘-khe kap in ê hun-ki chhng kòe O͘-ji̍t. Ū chò tōa-chúi ê gûi-ki, chóng-sī mā sī chá-chêng ê keng-chè ki-chhó͘ chi it.

Lí
--

Hiān-tāi ê O͘-ji̍t-khu ū 16 lí: 

* Chiân-tek
* Êng-chôaⁿ
* O̍h-chhân
* Kiú-tek
* Jîn-tek
* Kong-bêng
* Khe-bóe
* Khe-pà
* Lâm-lí
* Lê-thâm
* Ngó͘-kong
* O͘-ji̍t
* Ô͘-ji̍t
* Pak-lí
* Sam-hô
* Tang-hn̂g

O͘-ji̍t tī 1946-nî siat hiong, 2010 nî 12 goe̍h 25 ji̍t siat khu.

Keng-chè
--------

Tī Khiân-liông sî-tāi, O͘-ji̍t tē-khu ê hàn-jîn ná lâi ná chē. Khí Ông-chhân-chùn (王田圳) liáu-āu, tùi Tâi-tiong ín--lâi ê chúi-gôan chı̍t-ē ún-tēng, jîn-kháu tō tōa cheng-ka. Ke-ê tiū-bí thàu-kòe hô-chhoan hē-thóng tùi Ô͘-ji̍t-káng ūn kàu Lo̍k-káng. Khiân-liông 50-nî chìn-chêng, seng chóan-ūn kaù An-pêng-káng, chiah tùi hia chài kòe hái-kiap bē khì Hok-kiàn. Khiân-liông 50-nî í-āu, tō ti̍t-chiap tùi Lo̍k-káng ūn khì Hok-kiàn.

Ko-sok-thih-lō͘ ê Tâi-tiong chām beh khí tī Sam-hô-lí.

Siā-hōe
-------

Tùi O͘-ji̍t ê chi̍t-kóa kū tē-miâ (chhin-chhiūⁿ Hoan-á-hn̂g) ē-tit liáu-kái O͘-ji̍t tē-khu gôan-pún sī lâm-tó pêⁿ-po͘ cho̍k-kûn ê o̍ah-tōng tē-pôaⁿ.

Kin-kù 1926-nî (?) ê tiau-cha, O͘-ji̍t ê jîn-kháu ū 8,500-lâng, kî-tiong 94% chó͘-chek sī Hok-kiàn Chiang-chiu.

O͘-ji̍t ê sîn-bêng pau-koat Kóng-hūi Chun-ông, Thian-siōng Sèng-bó, Hiân-thân Gôan-sòe, Khai-chiong Sèng-ông.

Chham-khó chu-liāu
------------------

* 烏日文史協會 烏日文史匯編第一集
* 中縣烏日鄉公所 烏日鄉志文化篇

Chām-gōa chu-gôan
-----------------

* O͘-ji̍t Khu-kong-só͘
* O͘-ji̍t Kok-bîn Sió-ha̍k, O͘-ji̍t Kok-bîn Tiong-ha̍k
* O͘-ji̍t Siau-hông Hun-tūi
* O͘-ji̍t Bûn-sú Hia̍p-hōe

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

| * hián
* lūn
* pian
Tâi-tiong-chhī ê hêng-chèng-khu |
| --- |
|  |
| Khu: | Aū-lí-khu **·**  Bū-hong-khu **·**  Chheng-chúi-khu **·**  Chio̍h-kng-khu **·**  Goā-po͘-khu **·**  Gô͘-chhe-khu **·**  Hong-goân-khu **·**  Hô-pêng-khu **·**  Lâm-khu **·**  Lâm-tūn-khu **·**  Liông-chéⁿ-khu **·**  O͘-ji̍t-khu **·**  Pak-khu **·**  Pak-tūn-khu **·**  Sai-tūn-khu **·**  Se-khu **·**  Sin-kóng-khu **·**  Sin-siā-khu **·**  Soa-la̍k-khu **·**  Tāi-an-khu **·**  Tāi-kah-khu **·**  Tāi-lí-khu **·**  Tāi-ngé-khu **·**  Tang-khu **·**  Tang-sì-khu **·**  Thài-pêng-khu **·**  Thâm-chú-khu **·**  Tiong-khu **·**  Toā-tō͘-khu |  |

 |

 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ pún-té khan tī holopedia.net.* |
Bó--ê
Kang--ê
**O͘-tiám-hún-tia̍p** (Hàn-jī: 黑點粉蝶, ha̍k-miâ: *Leptosia nina*) sī Hún-tia̍p-kho (Pieridae) ê chi̍t-khoán boé-ia̍h-á. 

Chhî Io̍k-hong (徐堉峰) tī 1999 nî "Tâi-oân-tia̍p Tô͘-kàm" (台灣蝶圖鑑) tē-it kńg chheh--nih, ū-kóng choân-kiû ê o͘-tiám-hún-tia̍p hō͘-lâng hun-chò 14 ê a-chéng, Tâi-oân ê chit-chéng pī jīn-ûi sī te̍k-iú a-chéng. Tâi-oân o͘-tiám-hún-tia̍p (*Leptosia nina niobe Wallace*) ê tē-it-ūi chhái-chi̍p kì-lo̍k-chiá sī Eng-kok-lâng Robert Swinhoe.

Hêng-thài
---------

I ê si̍t-kó͘ nā thíⁿ--khui ū 40 kaù 45 mm khoah. I ê si̍t-kó͘ piáu-bīn kui-ê sī pe̍h--ê; chú-iàu ê te̍k-teng sī téng-koân-si̍t-kó͘ kha-chiah-phiaⁿ-bīn tiong-hng oá goā-chhek ū 1 lia̍p bêng-hián ê o͘-sek pan-tiám; pak-tó͘-bīn téng-koân-si̍t-kó͘ thâu-chêng-iân kap ē-kha-si̍t-kó͘ ū iù-iù sè-sè o͘-ka-pi-sek ê tiám chhin-chhiūⁿ hûn ê khoán. Bó--ê si̍t khah îⁿ khah khoah, kha-chiah-phiaⁿ-bīn téng-koân-si̍t ê si̍t-toan ū hoe-o͘-sek ê pan, pak-tó͘ boa̍t-toan kah ē-kha-si̍t āu-piah-iân lia̍h-chê. Kang--ê si̍t-kó͘ goā-hêng khah e̍h khah tn̂g, pak-tó͘ tn̂g-tō͘ chám-jiân khah té.

Hun-pò͘
-------

濱野榮次 ê "Tâi-oân Tia̍p-lūi Seng-thài Toā-tô͘-kàm" (台灣蝶類生態大圖鑑, 1986) chheh--nih siá-kóng, o͘-tiám-hún-tia̍p khòng-hoat hun-pò͘ tī Tâi-oân pa̍k-pō͘ kàu Hêng-chhun poàⁿ-tó it-tāi, lâm-pō͘ kē hái-poa̍t soaⁿ-khu khah-chia̍p-khoàiⁿ. Tû-liáu Tâi-oân, iah hun-pò͘ tī Ìn-tō͘, Sri Lanka, Jawa, Hui-li̍p-pin, Tiong-lâm poàⁿ-tó, kap Tiong-kok lâm-pō͘ chia ê só͘-chāi. Lí Chùn-iân (李俊延) kap Ông Hāu-ga̍k (王效岳) ê "Tâi-oân Ô͘-tia̍p Tô͘-kàm" (2002 nî) mā-ū kóng--tio̍h, o͘-tiám-hún-tia̍p tī tiong-lâm-pō͘ kui-tang lóng-ū thang khoàⁿ, ah pa̍k-pō͘ sī hhun-thiⁿ kàu chhiu-thiⁿ khah-chē. Tī Tâi-oân ê hun-pò͘ ē-sái koân kàu hái-poa̍t 1500 kong-chhioh. Tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ē-tàng khoàⁿ tio̍h i tī chhiū-nâ-piⁿ chhiū-á-kha leh phoe, khin-sńg khoaⁿ-bān.

Kià-chú si̍t-bu̍t
-----------------

O͘-tia̍m-hún-tia̍p ê kià-chú si̍t-bu̍t ū Pe̍h-hoe-chhài-kho (Capparaceae) ê loē-hio̍h soaⁿ-kam (*C. acutifolia*), soaⁿ-kam (*C. formosana*), sió-chhì soaⁿ-kam (*C. henri*), Lân-sû soaⁿ-kam (*C. lanceolaris*), hî-bo̍k (*C. adansonii*), pêng-ho̍k-keng pe̍h-hoe-chhài (*C. rutidosperma*), téng-téng.

Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
-----------------

 Archived 2006-11-09 at the Wayback Machine.
Kǹg-thih.
Kǹg-pán, chi̍t-khóan kǹg-thih sán-phín.
**Kǹg**, **kǹg-thih**, ia̍h **thih-kǹg**, sī thih saⁿ-lām chió-liōng ê thòaⁿ-sò͘ liān-chè--chhut-lâi ê ha̍p-kim. Chiàu su-iàu mán-gàn (Mn), khu-ló͘-mih (Cr), wolfram (W) chham vanadium (V) téng goân-sò mā ū chò kǹg-thih ê gôan-liāu. Liān-chè kǹg-thih ê kòe-têng hō chò liān-kǹg, sǹg sī chè-chō-gia̍p chi khoán.

Tēng-gī
-------

Fe-C ha̍p-kim ê chōng-thài piàn-hòa.
Tī kim-sio̍k-ha̍k ê tēng-gī lāi-bīn, "kǹg" sī thòaⁿ (C) hâm-liōng 0.0218% kàu 2.14% (chit-liōng ê %) chi-kan ê Fe-C jī-gôan ha̍p-kim. Nā-sī chhiau-kòe 2.14% hō-chòe chù-thih (鑄鐵); bōe-móa 0.0218% ê hō-chòe thih.

Gôan-lí
-------

Thòaⁿ gôan-chú ē kau-chham ji̍p-khì thih ē kim-sio̍k chiⁿ-thé lāi-bīn, kái-piàn thih gôan-chú ê pâi-lia̍t hong-sek. Liān-chè un-tō͘ ê ko-te piàn-hòa, chham thòaⁿ ê pi-lē, ē éng-hióng kǹg-thih ê sèng-chit.

Le̍k-sú
-------

Kó͘-chá sî-tāi chiō ū kǹg-thih, tī Tang-hui ū hoat-kiàn Chêng 1400 nî ê kǹg.. Tī Kó͘ Lô-má chham Tiong-kok ê Chiàn-kok Sî-tāi mā-ū. Tī Ìn-tō͘ , tāi-iok Chêng 300 nî chiō ū, jî-chhiáⁿ chè-chō ki-su̍t tī 5-sè-kí thôan-kàu Tiong-kok.

Sán-gia̍p
---------

  

Kǹg-thih sī chin-chōe sán-gia̍p ê gôan-liāu, ē éng-hióng kui-ê keng-chè ê hoat-tián, in-chhú, kǹg-thih ê chè-chō sī tiōng-iàu ê keng-chè chí-piau. Kun-kù 2006 nî ê chu-liāu, thong-sè-kài kǹg-thih sán-liōng siāng-chē ê kok-ka sī Tiong-kok, koh-lâi sī Ji̍t-pún. Sán-liōng tē-it ê kong-si sī ArcelorMittal.

Hun-lūi
-------

### Sêng-hun hun-lūi

* Thòaⁿ-kǹg
	+ Kē-thòaⁿ-kǹg
	+ Tiong-thòaⁿ-kǹg
	+ Ko-thòaⁿ-kǹg

* Ha̍p-kim-kǹg
	+ Kē-ha̍p-kim-kǹg
	+ Tiong-ha̍p-kim-kǹg
	+ Ko-ha̍p-kim-kǹg

### Hêng-chōng hun-lūi

* Khúi-tiâu (軌條)
* Hêng-kǹg (形鋼)
* Pāng-kǹg (棒鋼)
* Sòaⁿ-châi (線材)
* Kāu-iong-pán (厚中板)
* Po̍h-pán (薄板)
* Kǹg-kóng (鋼管)

Chham-khó chu-liāu
------------------

1. ↑  Civilizations in Africa: The Iron Age South of the Sahara Archived 2011-05-03 at the Wayback Machine.
2. ↑  Wagner, Donald B (1993). *Iron and Steel in Ancient China: Second Impression, With Corrections*. Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 243. ISBN 90-04-09632-9.
3. ↑  Needham, Volume 4, Part 1, 282.
4. ↑  International Iron and Steel Institute (2006). *"World Steel in figures"* Archived 2009-07-10 at the Wayback Machine. abgerufen am 14. Januar 2006 (PDF, englisch)

Ia̍h khòaⁿ-māi
--------------

* Stainless kǹg
**Pennsylvania** sī Bí-kok tang-pak ê chi̍t-ê chiu, jîn-kháu tāi-iok ū 12,281,054, pâi-miâ tē 6. I ê siú-hú sī Harrisburg, siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Philadelphia.

Miâ
---

Pennsylvania chiu chèng-sek ê Eng-gí miâ sī "Commonwealth of Pennsylvania", tī Bí-kok chú-iàu ū sì-ê chiu sú-iōng chit thò hō-miâ.

Tē-lí
-----

Pennsylvania lâm-pak ū 274 kong-lí hn̄g, tang-sai ū 455 kong-lí; biān-chek ū 119,282 pêng-hong kong-lí. Chiu ê lâm-pêng pian-kài hō-chò Mason–Dixon Soàⁿ, kap Delaware chi-kan kài-sòaⁿ sī *Twelve-Mile Circle*. Tī chiu ê tang-pêng koh ū Delaware Hô.

Le̍k-sú
-------

Tī Au-chiu-lâng lâi-kàu chìn-chêng, chit-ūi sī Delaware, Susquehannock, Iroquois, Erie kap Shawnee téng goân-chū-bîn seng-oa̍h ê só͘-chāi.

Chá-kî Pennsylvania siū Hô-lân kap Sūi-tián ê si̍t-bîn, 1664 nî ōaⁿ Eng-kok niá-chiàm. William Penn sī Eng-kok si̍t-bîn-tē chhòng-kiàn-chiá. Āu-lâi Pennsylvania kiam chú-siâⁿ Philadelphia lâi-liáu chi-chē jîn-bîn sī Ki-tok-kàu Quaker phài.

Kàu 18 sè-kí, Pennsylvania iū koh khip-ín Tek-kok kap Scot-lân kiam Ire-lân î-bîn.

 United States
***Bô-bí-lo̍k*** (Hàn-jī: 無米樂), Tâi-oân 2004 nî kì-lo̍k-phìⁿ, koan-hē Tâi-lâm Āu-piah-hiong Chheⁿ-liâu-chhoan (taⁿ Āu-piah-khu Chheⁿ-liâu-lí) 4-ê lāu choh-sit-lâng ê kò·-sū. Phìⁿ-tn̂g: 112 hun-cheng. Tō-ián Gân Lân-koân (顏蘭權, *Tē-tāng Kì-liām-chheh*), Chng Ek-cheng (莊益增). Tit-tio̍h tē-4-kài ê Tâi-oân Kok-chè Kì-lo̍k-phìⁿ Siang-liân-tián Tâi-oân-chióng.

2004 nî 9 goe̍h pān kòe chhì-khoàⁿ-hōe, 9 goe̍h kap 10 goe̍h hun 2 pái tiàm Kong-kiōng Tiān-sī hòng-sàng. Keh-tńg-nî 5-goe̍h 20 khai-sí tiàm Tâi-pak, Tâi-tiong, Tâi-lâm kap Ko-hiông 5 keng hì-īⁿ chiūⁿ-ián, sī Tâi-oân chió-sò· bat tī tōa hì-īⁿ poaⁿ ê kì-lo̍k-phìⁿ. Tâi-lâm-koān-chéng-hú lī-iōng chit-ê ki-hōe ho·-iok siā-hōe "chia̍h Tâi-oân bí", te̍k-pia̍t sī Tâi-lâm chhut-sán ê lông-sán-phín.

*Bô-bí-lo̍k* ín-khí siā-hōe thó-lūn Tâi-oân ka-ji̍p Sè-kài Bō·-e̍k Cho·-chit (WTO) tú--tio̍h ê būn-tê.

Gōa-pō· liân-kiat
-----------------

* Bô-bí-lo̍k Archived 2005-06-07 at the Wayback Machine. (koaⁿ-hong chām)
* Han-chî-tîn choan-chi̍p
* Iáⁿ-phêng
	+ Tiān-iáⁿ Kì-lo̍k-phìⁿ -- Bô-bí-lo̍k
	+ Tī Hái-gōa Khoàⁿ Bô-bí-lo̍k
Kam Ûi-lîm (19 sè-kí).
**William Campbell** (1874 nî 4 goe̍h – 1921 nî 9 goe̍h 9 ji̍t), Ho̍h-ló miâ **Kam Ûi-lîm** (Hàn-jī: 甘為霖), sī chi̍t ūi tī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok Scotland Glasgow chhut-sì ê Tióng-ló Kàu-hōe ê bo̍k-su kiam thoân-kàu-sū. 19 sè-kí bóe-kî, Kam Ûi-lîm lâi káu Tâi-oân lâm-pō͘ thoân-kàu. 1891 nî 10 goe̍h, Kam Ûi-lîm tī Tâi-lâm chhòng-li̍p choân Tâi-oân tē-it keng chheⁿ-mê ha̍k-hāu Hùn-kó͘-tn̂g (訓瞽堂); chiâⁿ-chòe Tâi-oân chheⁿ-mê ha̍k-hāu ê sian-hêng-chiá. Kam Ûi-lîm tī Tâi-oân ê sî-kan sī 1871 nî káu 1917 nî, chêng-āu lóng-chóng 46 tang.

Chá-nî
------

1874 nî 4 goe̍h, Willian Campbell tī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok Scotland ê Glasgow chhut-sì. Tī Glasgow Tāi-ha̍k ê kiû-ha̍k kî-kan, Campbell khai-sí tùi sîn-ha̍k sán-seng hèng-chhù; in-chhú, tī pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, i chiū chiân-óng Scotland Chū-iû Kàu-hōe sîn-ha̍k-īⁿ ê Glasgow hun-hāu siu-si̍p 4 nî ê sîn-ha̍k khò-thêng. 1871 nî 7 goe̍h 19 hō, Campbell tī Thain Davidson bo̍k-su chhōa-thâu ê Islington Kàu-hōe lāi-bīn, chiâⁿ-chòe tē-it ūi hái-gōa soan-kàu-sū.

Thoân-kàu ê seng-gâi
--------------------

### 1871 káu 1878 nî

### 1880 káu 1887 nî

### 1887 káu 1895 nî

### 1895 káu 1917 nî

Tù-chok
-------

* *An Account of Missionary Success in the Island of Formosa* (ISBN 9576382998)
* *Ē-mn̂g-im Sin Jī-tián* (ISBN 9578959923)
	+ *Kam Ûi-lîm Tâi-gú Jī-tián* (ISBN 9789868456877)
* *Formosa under the Dutch* (ISBN 9576380839) (ISBN 9578013922)
* *Sketches from Formosa* (ISBN 9576383773) (ISBN 9578014910)
* *Tī-lí Kàu-hōe*

Siang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ
----------------------

* Kam-jī-tián
* Chheⁿ-mê-o̍h

Chham-khó chu-liāu
------------------

1. ↑   甘為霖: 素描福爾摩沙-甘為霖台灣筆記 (前衛出版,2009). (Hàn-gí)

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Holopedia | *Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ pún-té khan tī holopedia.net.* |

  


| **Thoân-kàu-sū** |
| --- |
| Alexandre de Rhodes - Robert Morrison - David Abeel - Hudson Taylor 
Dorothy Stang - James Laidlaw Maxwell - George Gushue-Taylor - George Leslie Mackay -
John Van Nest Talmage - William Burns - Kam-ûi-lîm (Fil) - Thomas Barclay -
Matteo Ricci  Walter Henry Medhurst - Francis Xavier -  |

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | 
* WorldCat Identities
* VIAF: 56240192
* LCCN: no99003032
* ISNI: 0000 0000 8238 8635
* GND: 174063512
* SUDOC: 200538373

 |

 |
**Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k**, mā hō chòe **Kok-li̍p Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k**, **Pîn-tāi**, koh mā ū Eng-gí miâ ê kán-chheng hō-chò **NPTU**. Sī tī Tâi-oân Pîn-tong (Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Pîn-tong-koān) ê kok-li̍p tāi-ha̍k. Tī 2014 nî 8 goe̍h chhoe 1 iû 2 keng ha̍k-hāu, Pîn-tong Kàu-io̍k Tāi-ha̍k kap Pîn-tong Siong-gia̍p Ki-su̍t Ha̍k-īⁿ phēng chòe 1 keng chiah lâi sêng-li̍p Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k. Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k lóng-chóng ū 4 ê hāu-khu, kî-tiong ū 3 ê tī Pîn-tong chhī-khu, ū 1 ê tī Chhâ-siâⁿ. Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k ē-kha ū siat 1 keng si̍t-giām sió-ha̍k. Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k éng-kòe sī 2 keng ha̍k-hāu, pau-koah Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi, tī 1940 nî 4 goe̍h só͘ chhòng-li̍p ê Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Pîn-tong Su-hoān Ha̍k-hāu kap tī 1991 nî só͘ siat ê Kok-li̍p Pîn-tong Siong-gia̍p Choan-kho Ha̍k-hāu. Bo̍k-chêng Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k ū 7 ê ha̍k-īⁿ, 32 ê ha̍k-hē, 30 ê se̍k-sū pan, 1 ê phok-sū pan.

Hāu-hn̂g
--------

Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k ê hāu-hn̂g lóng-chóng pun chò 4 khu, ū 7 ê ha̍k-īⁿ. Kî-tiong, tī Pîn-siong Hāu-khu--ê ū Koán-lí Ha̍k-īⁿ, Chu-sìn Ha̍k-īⁿ, kap Ka-bu-lún-gàn Ha̍k-īⁿ.

Gián-kiú Tiong-sim
------------------

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gián-kiú Tiong-sim | Tâi-oân Bí-kok Siong-gia̍p Sū-bū Bûn-hòa Tiong-sim | Éng-sio̍k Kiàn-sêng Khoân-kéng Gián-kiú Tiong-sim |
| Goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k Kàu-io̍k Gián-kiú Tiong-sim | Kheh-lâng Cho̍k-kûn Gián-kiú Tiong-sim |
| Siā-khu Chu-siong Tiong-sim | Ji̍t-pún Bûn-hòa Tiong-sim |
| Put-tōng-sán Kau-e̍k Bô͘-gí Tiong-sim | Kong-lêng-sèng Châi-liāu Gián-hoat Tiong-sim |
| Tang-lâm-a Hoat-tián Tiong-sim | Goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k Khò-têng Hoat-tián Hia̍p-chok Tiong-sim |
| Ū-pī Kun-koaⁿ Hùn-liān-thoân Kàu-io̍k Tiong-sim | Ka-bu-lún-gàn Siā-hōe si̍t-chiān kap Éng-sio̍k hoat-tián Tiong-sim |

Chí-bōe-á Hāu
-------------

Chit-chūn hām Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k chhiam-iok chò chí-bōe-á hāu ê sè-kài tāi-ha̍k ū chhiau-kòe 50 keng.

Chham-khó Chu-liāu
------------------

1. 1 2  Goân-bûn sī kavulungan, chham-khó Cho̍k-gí E Lo̍k-hn̂g ê Pâi-oân-gí kàu-châi khò-bûn.
2. ↑  Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k Kok-chè Ha̍p-chok Cho͘ ê bāng-chām Archived 2022-11-07 at the Wayback Machine.
**Lâu Chheng-hûn**（1894 nî 9 goe̍h 14 hō – 1982 nî 3 goe̍h 9 hō），sió-miâ **Chú-teng**，sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi kap Chiàn-āu sî-kî ê chok-ka. Tâi-lâm bōng-cho̍k chhut-sin, chū tiong-o̍h sî-tāi khai-sí liû-ha̍k Ji̍t-pún, Khèng-èng Gī-sio̍k tāi-ha̍k chut-gia̍p, tī liû-ha̍k kî-kan kái sìn Ki-tok-kàu. Tù-chok ū《LÔ HOA KÁI-CHŌ THÓNG-IT SU-HĀN-BÛN》、《Tāi-ha̍k Cheng-siông》kap《Thian-kok Ò-pì Choân Chiàu-siā》téng chheh.

Seng-peng
---------

Lâu Chheng-hûn, Tâi-lâm bōng-cho̍k chhut-sin, sī Lâu Sūi-san ê tōa-kiáⁿ, siⁿ-bó si Lâu Chiā Chiū. Seng-tióng tī chhim-sìn Ki-tok-kàu ê ka-têng tiong, sè-hàn ê sî tī Thài-pêng-kéng Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-lo-kàu-hōe hù-sio̍k sió-ha̍k tha̍k-chheh. 1907 nî chìn-ji̍p Tâi-lâm Tiúⁿ-lo-kàu-hōe tiong-o̍h. Tī Tióng-êng tiong-o̍h kî-kan, Lâu Chheng-hûn sêng-chek siat-thái-hó, tī 1909 nî Saⁿ-nî-kip ē-pòaⁿ-nî 「chóng-kiat-khó」ê sî, í 97 hun（ki̍p-keh hun-sò͘ 70）ê ko-hun sūn-lī chiâⁿ-chòe sì-nî-kip seng. 1910 nî chiân-óng Ji̍t-pún kiû-ha̍k. 1912 nî sòng bú. Ùi Ji̍t-pún Kiaⁿ-to͘ Tông-chì-siā tiong-ha̍k phó͘-thong-pō͘ chut-gia̍p liáu-āu, tī 1915 nî chìn-ji̍p Khèng-èng Gī-sio̍k tāi-ha̍k tha̍k-chheh. 1920 nî Sèng-tàn-chiat, Lâu Chheg-hûn tī Tang-kiaⁿ Lêng-lâm-pán Ki-tok kàu-hōe, ùi 小崎弘道（こざき ひろみち） bo̍k-su niá sóe-lé ji̍p-kàu. 1921 nî, chhú-tit Khèng-èng Gī-sio̍k tāi-ha̍k lí-châi ha̍k-sū. Liû-ha̍k kî-kan, Lâu Chheng-hûn kap sió-mōe Lâu Siù-khîm ê ha̍k-ché 本目貞（Lâu Cheng） se̍k-sāi, tong-sî 本目貞 tng-leh thak Tang-kiaⁿ Ki-tok-kàu só͘ chhòng-pān ê Chheng-san Lú ha̍k-īⁿ Eng-bûn-kho. 1922 nî, nn̄g lâng tī Tang-kiaⁿ Lêng-lâm-pán Ki-tok-kàu-hōe kiat-hun. Hun-āu, Lâu Chheng-hûn tńg-lâi Tâi-oân hia̍p-chō͘ lāu-pē keng-êng ka-gia̍p, keng-êng Sam-to siong-hōe, chiông-sū si̍t-gia̍p, āu-lâi tam-jīm Lâu--ka Hô-goân lông-tiûⁿ koán-lí-jîn 20 gōa nî. Lēng-gōa iā bat jīm Tâi-lâm-chhī Kàu-io̍k úi-oân、Tâi-lâm-chhī Hia̍p-gī hōe-oân téng kong-chit. 1924 nî, Lâu Chheng-hûn khí chi̍t-tòng nn̄g-chàn-lâu Eng-kokh-sek ê iûⁿ-lâu, pí-phēng tong-sî ê Tâi-lâm-chiu Ti-sū koaⁿ-tí.

1925 nî, Lâu Chheng-hûn ēng Pe̍h-ōe-jī chiàu Ē-mn̂g-ōe gú-im, phian-choàn kap chhut-pán《LÔ HOA KÁI-CHŌ THÓNG-IT SU-HĀN-BÛN》chit-pún chheh, kiōng 513 ia̍h, lōe-iông sī Lô-má-jī kap Hàn-jī pēng-iōng ê tùi-chiàu-bûn, sī chi̍t pō͘ choān-siá Hàn-bûn Su-hān-bûn ê chí-lâm ēng chheh. 1942 nî, chhut-pán《Tāi-ha̍k Cheng-siông》, í Hàn-bûn、Ji̍t-bûn kap Pe̍h-ōe-jī cheng-kóe 《Tāi-ha̍k》, kiōng 48 ia̍h. Tī che í-āu, Lâu Chheng-hûn choán-chòe khûn-tha̍k 《Sèng-keng》, tī 1965 nî 12 goe̍h Sèng-tàn kî-kan hoat-piáu《Ia-so͘ sī siáng？》. 1970 nî, oân-sêng Sèng-su tê-tián《Thian-kok Ò-pì Choân-chiàu-siā》Siōng-koàn, āu-lâi tī 1978 nî oân-sêng chit-pún-chheh ê hā-koàn, kè-kiōng 10,179 tê-sèng.

Ka-têng
-------

* Bó͘：本目 貞（Lâu Cheng）
	+ Tióng-lú：Lâu Khèng-lí（bat kái-miâ 邦室慶子）
	+ Tōa-kiáⁿ：Lâu Kóe-chō
	+ Tē-jī hāu-siⁿ：Lâu Kek-sin（bat kài sìⁿ 邦室）
	+ Tē-saⁿ hāu-siⁿ：Lâu I̍t-bîn（bat kài sìⁿ 邦室）
	+ Ban-á-kiáⁿ：Lâu Pī-sè（bat kài sìⁿ 邦室）

Chham-khó chu-liāu
------------------

Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
-----------------

* LÔ HOA KÁI-CHŌ THÓNG-IT SU-HĀN-BÛN－Tâi-gí-bûn Kì-ekIa̍h-bīn tshûn tóng pī-hūn
**Saⁿ ê Tāi-piáu** ia̍h-sī kiò chò **Saⁿ chiah Tāi-piáu** he̍k-chiá **San kò Tāi-piáu**, sī Kang Te̍k-bîn tī 2000 nî 2 goe̍h 25 ji̍t thê-chhut ê chi̍t ê chí-tō su-sióng. Chia su-sióng tī 2004 nî hō͘ siá ji̍p *Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng Chiong-thêng* kap *Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hiàn-hoat*, choân-miâ kiò chò **"San kò Tāi-piáu" Tiōng-iàu Su-sióng**.

  

Kang Tiat-bîn ê "Saⁿ-ê Toān" siū-sióng gôan-iû Khái Ar Marx ê gôan-chheng "Choe̍k-phoàn-lūn" Thài-sann kiò Eng-bûn siáu-sîng. Kang Tiat-bîn ê "Saⁿ-ê Toān" siū-sióng āi-lâi ê kái-sik, tsuī-nn̄g sī ū Phit-tsù-pō͘ Tāi-ha̍k keng-chè-ha̍k pau-si-sing Sû Thiâm-kheng lāi 1984 nî huat-kiàn ê, i tī gôan Eng-bûn bûn-thâi kap Lénin tshián-phóe ê Tiong-bûn chi̍h-pún "Choe̍k-phoàn-lūn" chiáⁿ-kiōng tē-á tē hūn-tī it-chit bûn-iānn chiú. Sû Thiâm-kheng āi-lâi sī Se-aⁿ Tāi-io̍k Tāi-ha̍k ê keng-chè-ha̍k kàu-jiā. Sû Thiâm-kheng sī Ong Hô͘-níng kap Lâu-ket chē ho̍k-sek ê sī-kia̍h, 1995 nî, i ê ông-chiòn liāu Ong Hô͘-níng tho̍at-lūn liáu chit-lāi lī, tāi Ong Hô͘-níng sī Tiong-tiong Chèng-chit Ián-sī ê sêng-ê, āu-lâi tshiāⁿ iú sió-siáⁿ ê tāi-nâi bûn-lio̍k tī hong-hūn tiāu-sek ê tōng nāi bô-hong-iông.

Loē-iông
--------

* Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tio̍h it-ti̍t tāi-piáu Tiong-kok sian-chìn siā-hoē seng-sán-le̍k ê hoat-tián iau-kiû;
* Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tio̍h it-ti̍t tāi-piáu Tiong-kok sian-chìn bûn-hoà ê chìn-pō͘ hong-hiòng;
* Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tio̍h it-ti̍t tāi-piáu Tiong-kok choè chē jîn-bîn ê ki-pún lī-ek.

Koh khoàⁿ
---------

* Mô͘ Te̍k-tong Su-sióng
* Tēng Siáu-pêng Lí-lūn
* Kho-ha̍k Hoat-tián Koan
**Gîn-hâng suè** (bank tax) hi̍k-tsiá **gîn-hâng khiò-suè** (bank levy) sī tī 2007-08 nî kim-iông guî-ki puē-kíng hā thó-lūn ê tuì gîn-hâng ting-siu ê suè.Gîn-hâng suè sī tuì kim-iông ki-kòo ê hong-hiám tsu-pún ting-siu ê, bî pau-kuat liân-pang pó-hiám tsûn-khuán, bo̍k-tik sī tsóo-tsí gîn-hâng sîng-tam bô pit-iàu ê hong-hiā. Gîn-hâng suè sī tsiam-tuì tsió-sòo king-giām hong-hù ê la̍p-suè jîn ting-siu ê, pīng-bô ti̍k-pia̍t phái liáu-kái. Gîn-hâng suè ē-tàng iōng-lâi té-siau bo̍k-tsiân suè-siu hē-thóng tuì gîn-hâng ê kok-tsióng póo-thiap hong-sik; pí-jû khàu-tû put-liông tāi-khuán tsún-pī-kim (貸款準備金), iân-tî tuì kok-guā siu--tio̍h ê lī-sik ting-suè, í-ki̍p siu-kòo kî-thann gîn-hâng, pīng-tshiánn lī-iōng i-ê sún-sit té-siau bī-lâi ê lîng-li̍k siu-ji̍p. Uānn-kù-uē-kóng, gîn-hâng suè sī 2008-nî kim-iông guî-ki liáu-āu iōng-teh kiù-tsōo tuā-hîng gîn-hâng ê la̍p-suè jîn tsu-kim ê sió-gia̍h pò-siau; pīng-tshiánn king-kuè tsing-sim siat-kè, kan-na tsiam-tuì tsi̍t-kuá-á hông jīn-uî "Tuā-kah bē-īng-eh tó" (too big to fail) ê ki-kòo.

Tī 2010-nî 4-gue̍h 16-ji̍t, kok-tsè huè-pè ki-kim tsoo-tsit (IMF) thê-tshut sann-tsióng khó-lîng ê ìng-tuì guî-ki ê hong-àn; tsia ê hong-àn sī ìng G20 líng-tō jîn tsá-sian tī 2009-nî 9-gue̍h G20 Pittsburgh hong-huē tíng-kuân thê-tshut ê iau-kiû, iau-kiû tsi̍t-hūn tiâu-tsa pò-kò ìng-tuì guî-ki ê suán-ti̍k. Kok-tsè huè-pè ki-kim tsoo-tsit suán-ti̍k tsi-tshî "kim-iông ún-tīng kòng-hiàn" (FSC) suán-hāng, tsiânn-tsē muî-thé kā i kiò-tsò "gîn-hâng suè". Teh kok-tsè huè-pè ki-kimtsoo-tsit ê pò-kò tsiân-āu, koh-kok ling-to-jîn tsiū tsit tsióng "gîn-hâng suè" ing-kai sī tsuân-kiû sìng ê iah-sī puànn tsuân-kiû sìng ê, hi̍k-tsiá i kám-sī ing-kai kan-na sik-iōng teh bóo tsi̍t-kuá-á kok-ka tsìn-hîng siong-tong tuā ê piān-lūn.

Tsù-kái
-------

1. ↑  Avi-Yonah, Reuven S. (2011-01-31). "Taxation as Regulation: Carbon Tax, Health Care Tax, Bank Tax and Other Regulatory Taxes". *Accounting, Economics, and Law* (ēng Eng-gí). **1** (1). doi:10.2202/2152-2820.1008. ISSN 2152-2820.
2. ↑  Richard T. Page, "Foolish Revenge or Shrewd Regulation? Financial-Industry Tax Law Reforms Proposed in the Wake of the Financial Crisis?" 85 Tul. L. Rev. 191 (2010).

Tsham-ua̍t
----------

* Financial Crisis Responsibility Fee
* Capital levy
* Currency transaction tax
* Financial transaction tax
* List of G-20 summits
* Robin Hood tax
* Spahn tax
* Tobin tax
* Transfer tax

Guā-pōo liân-kiat
-----------------

* Factbox: European countries imposing windfall taxes on banks | Reuters
* Taxation of banking - House of Commons Library
* Bank Franchise Tax | Virginia Tax
**Tông-bêng-kok** (Tâi-oân-ōe Hàn-jī/Hôa-gí: **同盟國**; Eng-gí: Allies of World War II; Lō͘-se-a-gí: Антигитлеровская коалиция; Hoat-gí: Alliés de la Seconde Guerre mondiale) sī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn po̍k-hoat liáu-āu, sè-kài siōng siōng-bóe ū 57 ê kok-ka  ūi-tio̍h beh té-khòng Chhia-sim-kok ê chhim-lio̍k só͘ cho͘-sêng ê liân-bêng, sī kah Chhia-sim-kok te̍k-tùi ê tīn-iâⁿ.

Tông-bêng-kok ê hái-pò. Bīn-téng siá ê sī "Liân-ha̍p-kok"

Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok
-----------------

Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok ê kok-kî
Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok sī Jî-chhú Tāi-chiàn tiong Tiong-bêng-kok ê chi̍t kha, i ê léng-thó͘ sī Tiong-ji̍t Chiàn-cheng ê chú-iàu chiàn-tiûⁿ chi-it. Chū-chiông 1937 nî Lô͘-kau-kiô Sū-piàn hoat-seng, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kok-bîn Chèng-hú Kun-sū Úi-oân-hōe úi-oân-tiúⁿ Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k tī kâng-nî 7 goe̍h 31 hoat-piáu *Kò Khòng-chiàn Choân-thé Chiòng-sū Su*, soan-pò͘ kah Ji̍t-pún choân-bīn sio-chiàn, m̄-koh 1941 nî Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Chiàn-cheng po̍k-hoat í-chêng, Tiong-kok oân-á tī Au-chiu ko͘-kunhùn-chiàn.1941 nî 12 goe̍h, Ji̍t-pún hoat-khí Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Chiàn-cheng, kâng-nî 12 goe̍h chhe-9 Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kok-bîn Chèng-hú chú-se̍k Lîm Sim hoat-pò͘ *Kok-bîn Chèng-hú tùi Ji̍t-pún Soan-chiàn Pò͘-kò*, khiā-sǹg-kóng Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok koh-chài ì chèng-sek kong-kò ê hông-sek tùi Ji̍t-pún soan-chiàn, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok úi hit-sî khai-sí kah Bí-kok,Eng-kok kiat-bêng, kiōng-tông tùi Ji̍t-pún, Tek-kok kap Ì-tāi-lī saⁿ ê Chhia-sim-kok sio-chiàn. Tiong-ji̍t Chiàn-cheng chū-án-ne chèng-sek chiàn-chò Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn.

Eng-kok
-------

Eng-kok ê kok-kî
Keng-le̍k München Hia̍p-tēng, Sudetenland būn-tê téng-téng sio-liân-sòa ê gōa-kau sū-kiāⁿ í-āu, Eng-kok kap Pho-lân chō-sêng kun-sū tóng-bêng, pēng-chhiáⁿ pó-chiong Pho-lân to̍k-li̍p. Tòe-bóe Pho-lân Chiàn-e̍k po̍k-hoat, ūi-tio̍h beh chóng-tóng Tek-kok chhim-lio̍k Pho-lân, Eng-kok kap Hoat-kok hiòng Tek-kok soan-chiàn, Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn úi chhia po̍k-hoat. Tōa-pō͘-hūn Au-chiu Kok-ka lûn-hām liáu-āu, Eng-kok kap Eng-liân-pang ê sêng-oân-kok kian-chhî--lo̍h-khì, kè-sio̍k kah Chhia-sim-kok sio-chiàn, jî-chhiáⁿ tī Pak Hui-chiu kah Tāi-se-iûⁿ, Eng-kok mā chiâⁿ-chò Au-chiu tē-khu chió-sò͘ ē-tàng kè-sio̍k hoán-khòng Tek-kun ji̍p-chhim ê chú-iàu bú-le̍k chi-it.

So͘-liân
--------

So͘-liân ê kok-kî

Bí-kok
------

Bí-kok ê kok-kî
*

Chham-khó chu-liāu
------------------

Chham-kiàn
----------

 

1. ↑
2. ↑
3. ↑
4. ↑

1. ↑  其中5个从轴心国倒戈
**Thian piàn té tshau** (hàn-gú: 天變邸抄; ing-gú: Heaven change Di chao) sī 1626-nî (Bîng-tiau Bîng Hi-tsong Thian-khé 6-nî tāi-iok 5-gue̍h kî-kan) teh Tiong-kok Pak-kiann tsi̍t-hun iû bîn-kan pò-pâng pian-tsip huat-hîng ê té pò. Luē-iông tsi̍p-tiong pò-tō kâng-nî 5-gue̍h 30-ji̍t (Thian-khé píng-în 5-gue̍h tshe 6) po̍k-huat ê Ông-kiong-tshióng tuā-po̍k-tsà [zh].

Bîng-tshing ên-khì
------------------

"Thian piàn té tshau" sì jī sī-iû siu-lo̍k-tsiá ka-kī thinn-ka lo̍h--khì ê, iōng-ì sī uī-tio̍h pò-tō Ông-kiong-tshióng tsai-piàn siông-tsîng ê "té tshau". "Thian piàn" (天變) it-sû guân-î tong-sî ê tsit-tiâu siōng-ū (上諭), sī in-uī Ông-kiong-tshióng tshióng-tsai po̍k-huat tú-tú-á hó tú-tio̍h Bîng-tiau tsìng-kio̍k bô ún-tīng ê sî-tsūn, sóo-í po̍k-tsà sū-kòo hông lí-kái tsò siōng-thian ê kíng-sī.

Biâu-su̍t
---------

İû-î "Thian piàn té tshau" uī kok sú-liāu tang-tiong tuì Ông-kiong-tshióng tsai-tsîng pò-tō siōng siông-tsīn ê khan-bu̍t [en], phian-hok kīn sann-tshing jī, kì-lio̍k tsiânn-tsē ê sè-tsiat kap kū-thé ê tsîng-hóng, koh ka-siōng i-ê siá-huat sing-íng, tshut-hiān luī-sū kin-á-ji̍t ê tō-gú hām tó kim-jī-thah [en] ê kiat-kòo, iōng ín-giân suî-ê tián-khui, tē-tiám siōng iû kīn káu hn̄g, sî-kan siōng iû tong-ji̍t tong-sî tui-sòo tsiân-in, iân-sin hiō-kó, í-king kū-iú hiān-tāi sin-bûn siá-tsok ê pōo-hūn ti̍k-sik, in-tshú tsi̍t tshut-pán tō hong-hîng tsi̍t-sî, koh uī āu-sè ê gián-kiú-tsiá [en] kap sú-ha̍k-ka thê-kiong tāi-liōng ê tē-it-tshiú tsu-liāu [en], jî-lâi siū-tio̍h tiōng-sī, thui-tsông, tong-sî mā sióng-ting hit-tang-tsūn ê sin-bûn tshái-hóng, siá-tsok tsuí-pîng ta̍t-kàu it-tīng ê ko-tōo, iàu-sòo mā khah tsê-tsuân.

Guân-kiānn piàn-tshian
----------------------

"Thian piàn té tshau" guân-lâi ê hit-hun pò-tsuá í-king bô tsûn-tsāi, m̄-ku Bîng-bua̍t Tshing-tshe ū bē-tsió bûn-jîn sóo-siá ê bûn-tsi̍p, pí-jū Kim Ji̍t-sing (金日升) ê "Siōng thian lû pit" (頌天臚筆), N̂g İo̍k (黃煜) ê "Phik-hiat lio̍k" (碧血錄), Kè Lio̍k-kî [zh] ê "Bîng-kuì pok-lio̍k  [zh]" (明季北略) tíng-tíng ê bûn-tsiunn tsheh-tsi̍k, lóng siu-lio̍k teh i-ê lāi-bûn án-ne tsiah ē-tàng lâi pó-tsûn lo̍h--lâi.

Tsù-kái
-------

1. ↑  方汉奇,""报纸与历史研究(上/下) Archived 2010-01-20 at the Wayback Machine."",全刊杂志在线阅读,retrieved on May 15,2016. (Hàn-gí)

Tsham-ua̍t
----------

* Ông-kiong-tshióng tuā-po̍k-tsà [zh]

Guā-pōo liân-kiat
-----------------

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Wikisource ū koan-hē pún bûn-chiong ê goân-sú bûn-pún:
**天變邸抄** |

* 天變邸抄--中國哲學書電子計畫 (Hàn-gí)
* 天启大爆炸探秘（下）《天变邸抄》解读 (Hàn-gí)
**Blessed Assurance** (ì-sù sī: "siū chiok-hok--ê pó-chèng"), sī tī 1873 nî, iû Bí-kok ki-tok-tô͘ Fanny Jane Crosby chok-sû, Phoebe Palmer Knapp chok-khek--ê ki-tok-kàu sèng-si. 

Tâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hōe hoen-e̍k chò *Góa Sim Tōa Hoaⁿ-hí, Chú Tiàm Sin-piⁿ*.

Goân-bûn ê sû kap khek
----------------------

 \relative d' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"flute"
   \key d \major
   \time 9/8
  \partial 8*3 fis8 e d
  a'4. a g8 a b a2. a8 fis a d4. cis4 cis8 b a gis a2. \bar "" \break
  fis8 e d a'4. a g8 a b a2. d,8 e fis g4. e d8 e cis d2. \bar "" \break
  a'8 a a d4. a b8 b b a2. a8 a a b4. d cis8 cis b cis2. \bar "" \break
  cis8 d e d4. a b8 a b a2. d,8 e fis g4. e d8. e16 cis8 d2.
  \bar "|."
  }
\addlyrics {\set stanza = #"1. "
     Bless -- ed as -- sur -- ance, Je -- sus is mine!
     O what a fore -- taste of glo -- ry di -- vine!
     Heir of sal -- va -- tion, pur -- chase of God,
     Born of His Spir -- it, washed in His blood.
  }
\addlyrics { \set stanza = #"2. "
     Per -- fect sub -- mis -- sion, per -- fect de -- light!
     Vi -- sions of rap -- ture now burst on my sight;
     An -- gels de -- scend -- ing bring from a -- bove
     Ech -- oes of mer -- cy, whis -- pers of love.
     This is my sto -- ry, this is my song,
     prais -- ing my Sav -- ior all the day long;
     this is my sto -- ry, this is my song,
     prais -- ing my Sav -- ior all the day long.
  }
\addlyrics { \set stanza = #"3. "
     Per -- fect sub -- mis -- sion, all is at rest!
     I in my Sav -- ior am hap -- py and blessed,
     Watch -- ing and wait -- ing, look -- ing a -- bove,
     Filled with His good -- ness, lost in His love.
  }
  音訊播放在您的瀏覽器上不支援。您可以下載音訊檔。
**Tiuⁿ Kéng-lâm** (張景嵐; 1988 nî 9 goe̍h 3 ji̍t chhut-sì ) sī Tâi-oân ê cha-bó͘ gē-jîn, model, kiam ián-oân. I tī 2010 nî chham-ka Pó-le̍k-ta̍t Kong-si só͘ kí-pān ê cháu-chhōe "Peng-hóe-sim-lú-hâi" (冰火心女孩) bí-siàu-lú soán-poa̍t, chhú-tit "Chhong-soat-hē" (蒼雪系) cho͘-pia̍t ê koan-kun; liâm-mi i tiō hām model keng-chè kong-si chhiam-iok, chhut-tō chiâⁿ-chò gē-jîn.

Tiuⁿ Kéng-lâm chū sè-hàn tiō khai-sí ha̍k-si̍p bú-tō kap bí-su̍t téng-téng châi-gē. Chin jia̍t-ài bú-tâi piáu-ián ê i, tī tāi-ha̍k sî-tāi chiū-tho̍k siat-kè kho-hē ê sî-chūn, tiō lī-iōng khò-gōa sî-kan kiam-chit tam-jīm jî-tông châi-gē pan ê sian-siⁿ, kàu-siū bú-tō kap bí-su̍t. I lēng-gōa mā ū chham-ú kok-chióng soán-poa̍t oa̍h-tāng, cheng-chhú ián-chhut ê ki-hōe. Ka-ji̍p model keng-chè kong-si liáu-āu, tî-liáu tī 3C tián-tiûⁿ, ho̍k-chong hoat-piáu-hōe, kap pêng-bīn cha̍p-chì tam-jīm model, i mā siūⁿ-beh tiâu ián-gē-khoan lâi hoat-tián. I bat chham-ú kòe *Chong-gē Tāi-ko-tāi* (2011), *Kok-kong Pang-pang-bâng*, *Khong-hi Lâi Liáu* téng-téng tiān-sī chiat-bo̍k ê lio̍k-iáⁿ.

Chham-khó
---------

1. ↑  3年成宅男新寵！百變張景嵐擁10項才藝原想當老師 Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine.

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Chang Chin-lan*** |