| ?Hîm |
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| Chong-hîm *Ursus arctos* |
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| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |
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| Kài: | Animalia |
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| Mn̂g: | Chordata |
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| Kong: | Mammalia |
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| Bo̍k: | Carnivora |
| A-bo̍k: | Caniformia |
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| Chhiau-kho: | Ursoidea |
| Kho: | **Ursidae**G. Fischer de Waldheim, 1817 |
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| Sio̍k |
| * *Ailuropoda*
* *Helarctos*
* *Melursus*
* *Ursus*
* *Tremarctos*
* *Agriarctos* †
* *Amphicticeps* †
* *Amphicynodon* †
* *Arctodus* †
* *Cephalogale* †
* *Indarctos* †
* *Parictis* †
* *Plionarctos* †
* *Ursavus* †
* *Kolponomos* †
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*Koan-hē kāng miâ ê tiān-iáⁿ, chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ Hîm (tiān-iáⁿ).*
**Hîm** (Ursidae) sī tōa-hêng ê chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t, hun-lūi-ha̍k siōng sī Chia̍h-bah-ba̍k ē-té chi̍t kho.

Hêng-thé
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Hîm it-poaⁿ sī ión-kiāⁿ tōa-chhāi, siong-tùi té kha. Sèng-pia̍t hun nn̄g hêng, kang hîm kha tōa-chiah, tōa-hêng ê bu̍t-chéng iû-kî ū chha. Tī lio̍k-tē siōng ê Chia̍h-bah-ba̍k tiong, hîm ê sin-thé siāng tāng, pì-jû chhiūⁿ *Ursus arctos middendorffi* chi̍t khoán chang-hîm chiū ē-tàng chhiau-kòe 750 kong-kin, ki-tiong kang--ê pêng-kin ū 480 kàu 533 kong-kin. Lēng-gōa mā ū kha sè-hêng ê bu̍t-chéng, pí-lūn kang Má-lâi-hîm thé-tang tāi-iok taⁿ ū 65 kong-kin.

Pe̍h-hîm he̍k-chiá chang-hîm ê thé-tn̂g ē-tàng tōa kàu 300 kong-hun, keng-kah koân-tō͘ ū 160 kong-hun. Hîm ê bóe í-keng thè-hòa, tn̂g-tō͘ tùi 3 kàu 22 kong-hun pu̍t téng. Hîm sī ēng kha-té lâi kiâⁿ-lō͘ (plantigrade), chi̍t tiám kap ēng kha-chiⁿ teh kiâⁿ ê kî-tha chia̍h-bah-ba̍k tōng-bu̍t bô-kâng. Hîm cháu ê sok-tō͘ pí káu-kho ia̍h niau-kho bān, chóng-sī ē-tàng ēng āu-kha khiā khah chāi.

Hun-pò͘
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Tōa-hūn hîm-lūi lóng seng-oa̍h tī Pak Poàn-kiû; lēng-gōa, tû-liáu chi̍t chéng, lóng seng-oa̍h tī A-chiu, Au-chiu kap Pak Bí-chiu. Î-it ê lē-gōa Ba̍k-kiàⁿ-hîm (*Tremarctos ornatus*) khiā-khí só͘-chāi sī Lâm Bí-chiu ê Andes tē-khu. Hui-chiu kòe-khì pat ū Atlas-hîm (*Ursus arctos crowtheri*) oa̍h-tāng, chóng-sī í-kēng tī 19 sè-kí sî bia̍t-choa̍t.

Hiān-sî hun-pò͘ hoān-ûi siāng tōa ê chi̍t lūi hîm sī chang-hîm, tùi Au-chiu, A-chiu kàu Pak Bí-chiu lóng ū oa̍h-tāng. Ki-tha koh ū Pak Bí-chiu ê Bí-chiu O͘-hîm kap Pak-kek tē-khu ê pe̍h-hîm. Chhun-loh ê chéng-lūi lóng tī A-chiu. Tû-liâu pe̍h-hîm, kî-tha hîm-lūi chú-iàu khiā tī chhim-nâ lāi.

Hun-lūi
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A-chiu o͘-hîm kap pe̍h-hîm éng-kòe kui to̍k-li̍p ê sio̍k (*Selenarctos* kap *Thalarctos*). *Melursus* kap *Helarctos* chit 2-ê sio̍k ū sî-chūn kui *Ursus*.

* **Ursidae-kho**
	+ **Ailuropodinae a-kho**
		- Tōa-hîm-niau, *Ailuropoda melanoleuca*
	+ **Tremarctinae a-kho**
		- Ba̍k-kiàⁿ-hîm, *Tremarctos ornatus*
		- Florida soaⁿ-tōng-hîm, *Tremarctos floridanus* (tn̄g-chéng)
		- Tōa-té-chhùi-hîm, *Arctodus simus* (tn̄g-chéng)
		- Té-chhùi-hîm, *Arctodus pristinus* (tn̄g-chéng)
	+ **Ursinae a-kho**
		- Chong-hîm, *Ursus arctos*
		- Bí-chiu o͘-hîm, *Ursus americanus*
		- Pe̍h-hîm, *Ursus maritimus*
		- A-chiu o͘-hîm, *Ursus thibetanus*
			* Tâi-oân káu-hîm, *Ursus thibetanus formosanus*
		- *Auvergne Bear*, *Ursus minimus* (tn̄g-chéng)
		- *Etruscan Bear*, *Ursus etruscus* (tn̄g-chéng)
		- Au-chiu soaⁿ-tōng-hîm, *Ursus spelaeus* (tn̄g-chéng)
		- Atlas-hîm, *Ursus crowtheri* (tn̄g-chéng)
		- Lán-hîm, *Melursus ursinus*
		- Má-lâi-hîm, *Helarctos malayanus*

Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
-----------------


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|  | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:Ursidae*** |