Cassini–Huygens thàm-tshik-khì ê hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo [en] huat-tiān-ki [en] tsi-it.
New Horizons ú-hâng-khì ê hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo huat-tiān-ki.
Aktivitätsmessungen an dem für Cassini-Huygens bestimmten Radio­isotopen­generator im Kennedy Space Center
**Hi̍k tiān-tî** (ing-gú: nuclear battery, atomic battery (guân-tsí tiān-tî), radioisotope battery (hòng-siā-suànn tông-uī-sòo tiān-tî) hi̍k-tsiá radioisotope generator (hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo huat-tiān-ki [en])) sī tsi̍t-tsióng lī-iōng hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo [en] ê sue-piàn [en] sán-sing ê lîng-liōng í-lâi huat-tiān ê tsong-tì. Kah hi̍k huán-ìng tui [en] kāng-khuán, in lī-iōng hi̍k-lîng huat-tiān; bô kāng ê sóo-tsāi teh in bô sú-iōng liān-á sik huán-ìng [en]. Sui-jiân thong-siông kiò-tsò tiān-tî; m̄-kuh uì ki-su̍t tíng-kuân lâi-kóng in m̄ sī tiān huà-ha̍k [en], koh-lâi bē-tàng tshiong-tiān hi̍k-tsiá koh-tsài tshiong-tiān. In ke-siau tsiânn-kuân; m̄-kuh kū-iú ki̍k-tn̂g ê siū-miā hām ko lîng-liōng bi̍t-tōo [en]; in-tshú in thong-siông tsok-uî pit-su tn̂g sî-kan bô su-iàu lâng lâi khuànn-kòo ê siat-pī tsi tiān-guân; pí-jû ú-hâng-khì, sim-tsōng khí-phok-khì [en], tsuí-hā [en] hē-thóng kah teh sè-kài phian-uán tek-hu ê tsū-tōng-huà kho-ha̍k-tsām [en].

Hi̍k tiān-tî ki-sut khai-sí tī 1913-nî, tong-sî Henry Moseley [en] siú-tshù tián-sī tài-tiān li̍ptsí hok-siā sán-sing ê tiān-liû. Tī 1950 nî-tāi hām 1960 nî-tāi, tuì su-iàu tn̂g-siū-miā tiān-guân í-lâi buán-tsiok ú-tiū khong-kan su-kiû ê ìng-iōng, tsit-ê líng-i̍k siū-tio̍h siong-tong tshim-ji̍p ê gián-kiù kuan-tsù. Tī 1954-nî RCA ū gián-kiù iōng-teh sió-hîng bô-suànn-tiān tsiap-siū-khì hām tsoo-thiann-khì ê sió-hîng guân-tsí tiān-tî. Uì 50nî-tāi tshe RCA ê tshoo-pōo gián-kiù hām khai-huat í-lâi, í-king siat-kè tsiânn-tsē luī-hîng hām hong-huat lâi uì hi̍k-guân tang-tiong thê-tshú tiān-lîng. Kho-ha̍k guân-lí ta̍k-ke lóng tsai-á; m̄-kuh hiān-tāi nano-kip ki-su̍t hām sin-hîng khuan lîng-khik puànn-tō-thé [en] tshòng-tsō í-tsîng lóng-bô ê sin siat-pī kah ū tshù-bī ê tsâi-liāu ti̍k-sìng.

Hi̍k tiān-tî ē-tàng àn lîng-liōng tsuán-uānn [en] ki-su̍t hun-tsò nn̄g-tuā-luī: jia̍t tsuán-uānn-khì hām hui jia̍t tsuán-uānn-khì. Jia̍t luī-hîng kā hi̍k sue-piàn sán-sing ê tsi̍t-kuá jia̍t-liōng tsuán-huà tsò tiān-lîng. Siōng ū-miâ ê huān-lē sī Hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo jia̍t-tiān huat-tiān-ki [en] (RTG), thong-siông iōng-th hâng-ú–khì tíng-kuân. Hui jia̍t tsuán-uānn-khì ti̍t-tsiap uì huat-siā tang-tiong thê-tshú lîng-liōng; jiân-āu koh-kā i kàng-kái tsò lîng-liōng. In koh-khah iông-ī sió-hîng-huà pīng-tshiánn bô-su-iàu jia̍t the-tōo lâi ūn-hîng; in-tshú in sik-ha̍p teh sió-kui-bôo ìng-iōng tiong sú-iōng. Siōng tshut-miâ ê huān-lē sī Siā-suànn tiān-tî [en]. Hi̍k tiān-tî ê hāu-lut thong-siông uî 0.1-5%. Ko hāu-lu̍t ê Siā-suànn tiān-tî [en] ē-tàng ta̍t-kàu 6–8% ê hāu-lu̍t.

Jia̍t tsuán-uānn
----------------

Schnittbild durch ein RHU-Heizelement
### Jia̍t tiān-tsí tsuán-uānn

Teilschnitt-Darstellung eines ASRG (Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator)
Jia̍t lî-tsí tsuán-uānn-khì [en] iû jia̍t tiān-ki̍k tsoo-sîng ê. Tsit-ê jia̍t tiān-ki̍k thong-kuè khong-kan tiān-hô sè-luí kā tiān-tsí jia̍t huat-siā kàu khah líng ê tiān-ki̍k; tsiū-án-ne sán-sing ū-iōng ê kong-lu̍t su-tshut. Caesium tsing-khì iōng-teh iu-huà tiān-ki̍k kong hâm-sòo [en]; pīng-tshiánn thê-kiong lî-tsí kiong-ìng (thong-kuè piáu-bīn jia̍t tiān-lî [en]) í-lâi tiong-hô tiān-tsí khong-kan tiān-hô [en].

### Jia̍t-tiān tsuán-uānn

Guân-tsú-lîng uí-uân-huē tng-teh khai-huat í hòng-siā-suànn tông-uī-sòo uî tōng-li̍k ê sim-tsōng khí-phok-khì, kè-uē iōng-teh tshì-khik tshut-hiān kòo-tsiong ê sim-tsōng me̍h-tōng tsi tōng-tsok, tāi-iok tī 1967-nî.
Hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo jia̍t-tiān huat-tiān-ki [en] (RTG) sú-iōng jia̍t-tiān-ngóo. Ta̍k ê jia̍t-tiān-ngóo sī-iû nńg-ki bô kâng ê kim-sio̍k (hi̍k-tsiá kî-thann tsâi-liāu) ê tō-suànn sóo tsoo-sîng ê. Ên-tio̍h ta̍k ki tō-suànn tn̂g-tōo ê un-tōo the-tōo ē sán-sing uì tō-suànn it-tuan kàu līng-guā it-tuan ê tiān-ap the-tōo; M̄-kuh bô kāng-khuán ê tsâi-liāu ta̍k tōo un-tsha sán-sing bô kāng-khuán ê tiān-ap. Thong-kuè it-tuan liân-tsiap tiān-suànn, ka jia̍t tsit-tuan m̄-koh líng-khiok teh līng-guā it-tuan; teh bī liân-tsiap ê tiān-suànn tuan tsi-kan sán-sing ē-tàng sú-iōng m̄-kuh tsiânn-sè (mv) ê tiān-ap. Teh si̍t-tsiān tang-tiong, tsiânn-tsē tshuàn-liân (hi̍k-tsiá pīng-liân) liân-tsiap í-lâi ui kâng tsi̍t-ê jia̍t-guân sán-sing koh-khah tuā ê tiān-ap (hi̍k-tsiá tiān-liû); in-uī jia̍t-liōng uì jia̍t-tuānn lâu-hiòng líng-tuānn. Kim-sio̍k jia̍t tiān-ngóo ê jia̍t diān hāu-lut kē. M̄-kuh, ē-tàng tiâu-tsíng puànn-tō-thé tsâi-liāu (pí-jū bismuth telluride [en] hām silicon–germanium [en]) lāi-té ê tsiat-liû-tsí bi̍t-tōo hām diān-hô, í-lâi si̍t-hiān koh khah kuân ê tsuán-uānn hāu-lut.

### Jia̍t kong-ho̍k tsuán-uānn

Jia̍t-kong-ho̍k lîng-liōng tsuán-uānn [en] (TPV) tiān-tî ê kang-tsok guân-líkah kong-ho̍k tiān-tî sio-kâng, kan-na i sī kā jia̍t piáu-bīn huat-tshut ê âng-guā-suànn (jî m̄ sī khó-kiàn kong) tsuán-huà tsò tiān-lîng. Jia̍t kong-ho̍k tiān-tî ê hāu-lu̍t sió-khuá-á khah kuân jia̍t tiān-ngóo; pīng-tshiánn ē-tàng tha̍h-ka teh jia̍t tiān-ngóo tíng-kuân, ū khó-lîng hōo hāu-lu̍t thek-o tsi̍t-puē. Houston tāi-ha̍k TPV hòng-siā-suànn tông-uī-sòo kong-lu̍t tsuán-uānn ki-su̍t ê khai-huat kang-tsok tsú-iàu teh kā jia̍t kong-ho̍k tiān-tî kah jia̍t tiān-ngóo kiat-ha̍p khí-lâi, hōo hē-thóng hāu-lu̍t pí bo̍k-tsiân ê jia̍t tiān hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo [en] huat-tiān-ki thê-ko 3 kàu 4 puē.

### Stirling huat-tiān-ki

Stirling hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo hua-tian-ki [en] sī-iû hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo [en] sán-sing ê un-tsha khu-tōng tio̍h Stirling e̋n-jín [en]. NASA tng-teh khai-huat koh-khah ko hāu-lîng ê sian-tsìn Stirling hòng-siā-sìng tông-uī-sòo huat-tiān-ki [en]; m̄-kuh iû-î tuā kui-bôo sîng-pún ê tshiau-tsi, tō-teh 2013-nî hông tshú-siau.

Tsù-kái
-------

1. ↑  "A nuclear battery the size and thickness of a penny". *Gizmag*, 9 October 2009. (Eng-gí)
2. ↑  "Tiny 'nuclear batteries' unveiled". *BBC News*, Thursday, 8 October 2009. (Eng-gí)
3. ↑  "Atomic Battery Converts Radioactivity Directly Into Electricity". *Popular Mechanics*, April 1954, p. 87. (Eng-gí)
4. ↑  "Thermoelectric Generators". *electronicbus.com*. goân-loē-iông tī 10 January 2016 hőng khó͘-pih. 23 February 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)
5. ↑  Fitzpatrick, G. O. (19 May 1987). "Thermionic converter". OSTI 6377296.  (Eng-gí)
6. ↑  McCoy, J.C (October 1995). "An overview of the Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator Transportation System Program". OSTI 168371.  (Eng-gí)
7. ↑  The ASRG Cancellation in Context Future Planetary Exploration (Eng-gí)

Tsham-ua̍t
----------

* List of battery types
* Button cell
* Induced gamma emission from long-lived excited nuclei of specific nuclear isomers.
* Radioisotope heater unit
* Radioisotope rocket and nuclear electric rocket
* University of Missouri

Guā-pōo liân-kiat
-----------------

* Betavoltaic Historical Review
* Cantilever Electromechanical Atomic Battery
* Types of Radioisotopic Batteries
* Americium Battery Concept Proposed for Space Applications- TFOT article
* Nuclear Batteries (25 MW)
* Tiny 'nuclear batteries' unveiled, BBC article about the research of Jae Wan Kwon et al. from the University of Missouri.

template:Galvanic cells [en]

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