recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Tiám-sim-tàⁿ
**Tiám-sim** chú-iàu sī chí thoân-thóng siōng bô sio̍k chiàⁿ-tǹg, tī chiàⁿ-tǹg chi kan the̍h lâi chí-iau thap-phāng ê chhùi-chia̍h-mi̍h. Choè chho͘-tāng ê khang-khoè, khang-khoè ài bô-mî-bô-ji̍t thong-siau ê sî, ū-thang-sî-á tio̍h sǹg-kóng kan-nā tī téng poàⁿ-mî niā, ūi-tio̍h beh chān chi̍t-gê khùi-la̍k, chí chi̍t-gê ki, pó͘ chi̍t-gê chiàⁿ-tǹg chia̍h bô-kàu pá, lóng thang chhoân tiám-sim lâi chia̍h. 

Thong-siông kóng chò tiám-sim ê chhùi-chia̍h-mi̍h sī lóng boē-pí chiàⁿ-tǹg khah chhiⁿ-chhau phong-phái, chhài-sek oē khah kán-tan, hūn-liōng sī khah-chió. Ū-thang-chia̍h koh chia̍h tiám-sim ê sî boē tîⁿ chin-choē chiàⁿ-sū ê sî-kan mā-sī kiò-chò tiám-sim chit-chióng chhùi-chia̍h-mi̍h ê lēng-goā chi̍t-gê te̍k-sèng. M̄-koh m̄-koán án-choáⁿ tiám-sim mā boē chhun sì-siù hia-nih-á liāu-siáu tō-tio̍h.

Bí-hún-chhá, kiâm-moê, téng khoán sī toā-tiûⁿ-bīn oa̍h-tāng kài tiāⁿ-khoàⁿ-tio̍h ê chi̍t-koá ū tāng-tio̍h hoé-tiáⁿ ê tiám-sim.

Oē-tàng the̍h-kiong tiám-sim m̄-bián ka-kī tāng hoé-tiáⁿ ê só͘-chāi, chhun lō͘-piⁿ-tàⁿ-á, sok-si̍t-tiàm, chhan-thiaⁿ ím-si̍t-tiàm, se-tiám mī-pau-tiàm, chhiau-kip-chhī-tiûⁿ, toā-bē-tiûⁿ téng sī chha-put-to í-keng kàu-kah saⁿ-pō͘-chi̍t-khám-tiàm hia-nih-á choē. Sio-kâng oē-tàng thang hō͘-lán soán-te̍k lâi chò tiám-sim ê chióng-lūi mā chiok-choē. M̄-koh chit-má ūi-tio̍h m̄-ài cheng-ka thé-tāng chi̍t-poe ka-pi ah-sī tê kah nn̄g-saⁿ-tè-á châu-soè-tè ê piáⁿ mā oē-tàng kiò-chò sī chi̍t-hūn tiám-sim.


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|  | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***category:Dim sum*** |
1909 nî 9 goe̍h ê tē-2-kńg tē-9-hō.
***Gí-oán*** (gú- 語苑 *goen*) sī Tâi-oân tī 1908 nî 4 goe̍h khai-sí hoat-hêng ê chi̍t pō͘ gí-ha̍k (語學) cha̍p-chì. Cha̍p-chì ê pian-chi̍p kiam hoat-hêng-chiá sī Tâi-oân-gí Thong-sìn Gián-kiù-hōe. Gián-kiù-hōe sī hit-tong-sî Ko-téng Hoat-īⁿ só͘ siat, chú-iàu chham-gú ê lâng sī hoat-īⁿ thong-e̍k.

Lōe-iông
--------

Gú-oán ê lōe-iông pau-koat Tâi-oân-ōe kiam Ji̍t-pún-ōe ê gia̍p-bū tùi-ōa ê kà-ha̍k, tùi Tâi-oan-ōe ê gián-kiù he̍k-chiá sī thó-lūn, ia̍h ū Se-iûⁿ he̍k-chiá thoân-thóng Hàn-bûn kò͘-sū ê Tâi-oan-ōe pán-pún, koh ū gí-bûn būn-tê ê gī-lūn. It-poaⁿ sī ēng Hàn-jī phòe-ha̍p Tâi-oân-gí Kana lâi su-siá. Lēng-goā ū-ê bûn-chiong sī Hàn-bûn.

Le̍k-sú
-------

Tī Tâi-oân-gí Thong-sìn Gián-kiù-hōe ê hōe-chek (會則) lāi, ū tēng bí kò-goe̍h 1 hôe ê cha̍p-chì hoat-hêng. Gú-oán ê kang-chok-chiá chú-iàu sī tong-sî ê hoat-īⁿ thong-e̍k, choan-bûn phài tī Gú-oán ê lâng, chiàu 1909 nî 5 goe̍h sî ê chu-liāu, ū 21-ê.

1938 nî 11 goe̍h khai-sí, Gú-oán piàn chò chha-put-to goân-choân lóng sī kéng-chhat iōng-gí téng choan-bûn tī kéng-chhat su-iàu ê káng-si̍p chu-liāu. 1941 nî, siū tio̍h kok-gí phó͘-ki̍p chèng-chhek ê eng-hióng, Gú-oán thêng-chí chhut-pán. Kàu 11 goe̍h, gián-kiù-hōe kái hoat-hêng Kéng-chhat Gú-ha̍k Káng-si̍p Chu-liāu (警察語學講習資料).

Chù-kái
-------

Chham-chiàu
-----------

1. ↑  裏川大無. "臺灣雜誌興亡史 (三)". *臺灣時報* (1935-04).
2. ↑  岡本真希子 (2012). "日本統治前半期台湾の官僚組織における通訳育成と雑誌『語苑』 : 1910-1920年代を中心に". *社会科学*. 同志社大学人文科学研究所. **42** (2–3).
3. ↑  岡本真希子 (2013). "「国語」普及政策下台湾の官僚組織における通訳育成と雑誌『語苑』 : 1930-1940年代を中心に". *社会科学*. 同志社大学人文科学研究所. **42** (4).

Kî-tha gián-kiù chu-liāu
------------------------

* 李尚霖 (2011). *日治時期台語白話書寫與文字拼音系統關係之研究：以《語苑》、《台灣府城教會報》為中心* (sek-sū thesis). 國立臺北教育大學 台灣文化研究所.

Siong-koan
----------

* Ono Mamori (小野真盛)
* *Giân-gí kap Bûn-ha̍k* (言語と文學)
* *The Formosa*
1860 nî-tāi ê koè-oē
**Siong-phok** (Ji̍t-gí: 相撲 *sumô*), Tâi-gí ū kóng **sú-mo͘h**, sī 1 khoán sio-ián, Ji̍t-pún ê 1 chióng kok-ka bú-tō ia̍h thé-io̍k ūn-tōng. Siong-phok ê lâng hō chò la̍t-sū (力士), 1 pái 2 ê tī 1 ê îⁿ tiâⁿ lāi-bīn tàu-sè. Siong-phok siōng bô ū sò͘ pah tang ê le̍k-sú; hiān-tāi ê sio-ián iû-goân toè chin chē thoân-thóng kap chong-kàu lé-sek.

Siong-phok ê chhâi-phòaⁿ-koaⁿ hō chò hêng-si (行司). I ê ke-si pau-hâm 1 sìⁿ kó͘-á-sìⁿ (Ji̍t-gí: 軍配); che ū iōng lâi kí ǹg kî-tiong 1 ê la̍t-sū, piáu-sī hit pêng sè iâⁿ.

La̍t-sū ē-sái sái chin chē pō͘-sò͘, chhiūⁿ kóng kau-kha. 

Tāi Siong-phok ê tiûⁿ-bīn
Ji̍t-pún Siong-phok Hia̍p-hōe chú-pān ê siong-phok pí-sài hō chò Tāi Siong-phok.

Chham-khó chu-liāu
------------------

1. ↑  Ogawa Naoyosi, pian. (1931). "saⁿ-ián". *Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten* 臺日大辭典 [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*] (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí).
2. ↑  Ogawa Naoyosi, pian. (1931). "kó͘-á-sìⁿ". *Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten* 臺日大辭典 [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*] (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí).
3. ↑  Ogawa Naoyosi, pian. (1931). "kau-kha". *Tai-Nichi Dai Jiten* 臺日大辭典 [*Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián*] (ēng Ji̍t-pún-gí).


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|  | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:Sumo*** |
**Michael Crichton** (1942 nî 10 goe̍h 23 ji̍t – 2008 nî 11 goe̍h 4 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê chok-ka, chè-phìⁿ, tō-ián kiam i-seng. I ê kho-ki khióng-pò͘ ia̍h i-ha̍k siáu-soat chin ū-miâ, chhin-chhiūⁿ *Congo*, *State of Fear*, *Prey*, *Next* chham *Jurassic Park* téng-téng, ū-ê koh phah-chòe tiān-iáⁿ. Chhú-gōa, Michael Crichton mā-sī tiān-sī-kio̍k *ER* ê chhòng-chok-jîn.

Michael Crichton in-ūi gâm-chèng, tī Los Angeles kòe-sin.

Chhut-sin
---------

John Michael Crichton tiām 1942 nî 10 goe̍h 23 tī Chicago siâⁿ chhut-sì, pē-bú sī John Henderson Crichton kap Zula Miller Crichton. I sī ùi New York ê Long Island tē-hng tòa-hàn, chêng sè-hàn to̍h hèng-chhú siá bûn-chiong, pat tī *The New York Times* hoat-piáu.

Siáu-soat
---------

### *Jurassic Park*

1990 nî, i chhut-pán siáu-soat *Jurassic Park*. Kap chìn-chêng chi̍t kóa chok-phín sio-siâng, i ēng chi̍t khoán "hi-kò͘ tòng sū-si̍t" (*fiction as fact*) ê lí-lō͘ siá kò͘-sū. Lī-ēng loān-cha̍p lí-lūn (*chaos theory*) tī kò͘-sū tang-tiong ké-soeh sū-kiāⁿ.
Tē-lí-ha̍k ê **tāi-lio̍k** chí tē-kiû ê tōa tè tē. It-poaⁿ lâi kóng, 1 ê tāi-lio̍k tio̍h ū tōa ê bīn-chek, tē èng-kai tī chúi-bīn téng-koân, piⁿ-kài ài ū tē-lí siōng ê ì-gī. In-ūi bô kāng bûn-hoà, ha̍k-kho ū bô kāng-khoán ê phiau-chún, tàu-té ū kúi ê tāi-lio̍k pēng bô it-tēng. Ū lâng jīn-ûi ke̍k-ke ū 4~5 tè tāi-lio̍k; siōng phó·-phiàn ê sò·-bo̍k sī 6~7 ê.

Siōng tōa ê cheng-gī khan-sia̍p tio̍h Europa/A-chiu kap Pak-bí-chiu/Lâm-bí-chiu. Khó-pí kóng, Europa kap A-chiu tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hō· lâng tòng-chò 1 ê Euro-a-chiu (*Eurasia*). Lâm, pak Bí-chiu mā ū lâng jīn-ûi lóng sī kāng-ê Bí-chiu tāi-lio̍k.

Hái-tó it-poaⁿ hō· lâng tòng-chò sī siōng kīn ê tāi-lio̍k ê 1 pō·-hūn. Só·-í Britain-tó sǹg sī Europa tāi-lio̍k ê 1 koe̍h. Hái-lâm-tó, Ji̍t-pún mā sǹg sī A-chiu tāi-lio̍k ê 1 pō·-hūn.

Thong-sio̍k ê chèng-tī gí-giân kóng ê Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k chí Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok si̍t-chè thóng-tī ê léng-thó·, pau-koat iân-hái koán-hat lāi ê tó-sū.

Tāi-lio̍k ê hun-lūi hē-thóng
----------------------------

* 7 Tāi-lio̍k: Hui-chiu, Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k, A-chiu, Australia (Oceania), Europa, Pak-bí-chiu, Lâm-bí-chiu.
* 6 Tāi-lio̍k: Hui-chiu, Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k, Australia (Oceania), Euro-a-chiu, Pak-bí-chiu, Lâm-bí-chiu.
* 6 Tāi-lio̍k: Hui-chiu, Bí-chiu, Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k, A-chiu, Australia (Oceania), and Europa.
* 5 Tāi-lio̍k: Hui-chiu, Bí-chiu, Australia (Oceania), Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k, Euro-a-chiu.
* 4 Tāi-lio̍k: Bí-chiu, Australia (Oceania), Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k, Euro-hui-a.

Siong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ
----------------------

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|  | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Continents*** |

* Supercontinent
* Subcontinent

  


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| * hián
* lūn
* pian
Tē-kiû ê tāi-lio̍k |
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| A-chiu · Au-chiu · Hui-chiu · Lâm Bí-chiu · Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k · Pak Bí-chiu · Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu |

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| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | 
* LCCN: sh85031556
* GND: 4165153-4
* BNF: cb119817987 (data)

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A microscope image of an integrated circuit die used to control LCDs. The pinouts are the black circles surrounding the integrated circuit.
**Chek-thé tiān-lō͘** (Eng-gí: *integrated circuit*, ì-sù: "chéng-ha̍p ê tiān-lō͘", kán-lio̍k **IC**), he̍k-chiá kóng **bî-tiān-lō͘** (*microcircuit*), **bî-cheng-phìⁿ** (*microchip*), **cheng-phìⁿ** (*chip*), tī tiān-chú-ha̍k tiong sī chi̍t chióng kā tiān-lō͘ (chú-iàu sī pòaⁿ-tō-thé chong-tì, lēng-gōa mā pau-koat pī-tōng goân-kiāⁿ téng) chi̍p-tiong chè-chō tī pòaⁿ-tō-thé cheng-îⁿ piáu-bīn siōng ê sió-hêng-hòa hong-sek.

Guā-pōo liân-kiat
-----------------

* Media related to Integrated circuits at Wikimedia Commons
* The first monolithic integrated circuits
* A large chart listing ICs by generic number including access to most of the datasheets for the parts.
* The History of the Integrated Circuit

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| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | 
* LCCN: sh85067117
* GND: 4027242-4
* BNF: cb11931204n (data)
* NDL: 00572448
* NKC: ph114781

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Michael Collins (1922)
**Michael Collins** (Ài-ní-lân-gí: **Mícheál Ó Coileáin**; 1890 nî 10 goe̍h 16 ji̍t – 1922 nî 8 goe̍h 22 ji̍t) sī Ài-ní-lân ê chi̍t ūi kek-bēng-ka. Bat chò kòe Ài-ní-lân Kiōng-hô-kok ê Châi-chèng Pō͘-tiúⁿ, Ài-ní-lân Kiōng-hô Kun ê chêng-pò chú-jīm, Eng-Ài Tiâu-iok tâm-phòaⁿ ê Ài-ní-lân tāi-piáu-thoân sêng-oân, Ài-ní-lân Lîm-sî Chèng-hú chú-sek kap Ài-ní-lân Kok-bîn Kun chóng-su-lēng. I tī 1922 nî 8 goe̍h tī Ài-ní-lân Lāi-chiàn tiong sí-bông.

Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
-----------------

* Michael Collins tī Internet Archive ê chok-phín
* Information on Collins from local tour operator
* Michael Collins Centre
* Collins 22 Society

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| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | 
* WorldCat Identities
* VIAF: 50019269
* LCCN: n50026853
* ISNI: 0000 0001 1639 4751
* GND: 11866977X
* SUDOC: 027550125
* BNF: cb119566736 (data)
* BIBSYS: 90953730
* NKC: xx0151522
* BNE: XX4950890
* CiNii: DA17595150

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Lōsiia 877 kip tshàng-kàm teh 2018-nî thong-kuè Ing-kok hái-kiap (english channel).
Tsi̍t-tsiah Kilo-kip tshâ-iû tōng-li̍k kong-kik chhàng-kàm tng-teh tsuí-bīn siong hâng-hîng.
**Kilo-kip tshàng-kàm** (Kilo-kip tshàng-tsuí-kàm, Kilo-kip tshàng-lām, Kilo-kip tshàng-tsuí-lām, Kilo-kip chhàng-chúi-kàm, Kilo-kip chhàng-lām; Подводные лодки проекта 877 «Палтус»; Kilo-class submarine; NATO tāi-hō: Kilo) sī Lōsiia hái-kun tsiàn-āu tē-sañ-tài, bo̍k-tsîng ê tsú-li̍k diesel tshàng-tsuí-kàm. Soo-liân kuan-hong tshing-hoo tsò 877-hîng paltus. Kilo-kip king-kuè hiān-tāi-hua kái-tsong liáu-āu piàn-sîng Kilo-kip kái-liông-hîng, Lōsiia kuan-hong pian-hō 636 Varshavyanka. Ìn-tōo koh kin-kì ka-kī ê su-iàu lâi kái-tsong, liáu-āu bīng-miâ tsò Sindhughosh-kip. Kilo-kip sī bo̍k-tsîng Lōsiia tshut-káu-liông siong-tuā ê tshàng-kàm ê kip-pia̍t. Kilo-kip í hué-li̍k kiông-tāi, sok-tōokín, tshò-im tsiâñ-tsió tíng-tíng è in-sòo lâi kiàn-li̍p phín-pâi.

Tsū-tsiông tsiân soo-liân sîng-kong gián-tsè hi̍k-tōng-li̍k kong-kik tshàng-kàm liáu-āu, tuì it-puañ tōng-li̍k tshàng-kàm ê gián-kiù iā siong-tuì kiám-tsió bē-tsió. Tsit-le Kilo-kip tshàng-kàm sī tsiân Soo-liân tiān-teh tsit-ê kî-kan gián-tsè siong sîng-kong ê Diesel tōng-li̍k tshàng-tsuí-kàm. Kilo-kip tshàng-kàm sī-iû Âng-pó-tsio̍h siet-kè-kio̍k teh 1974-nî khai-si siat-kè, siú-kàm tī 1979-nî lo̍h-tsuí, 1982-nî ho̍k-i̍k. Kilo-kip kái-tsìn-hîng koh-khah piàn-sîng Diesel tōng-li̍k tshàng-tsuí-kàm lāi-té siong tshut-thuat ê tshàng-kàm. Kilo-kip iā sī bo̍k-tsiân sè-kài-siōng Diesel tōng-li̍k tshàng-tsuí-kàm tiong siong an-tsīng ê tshàng-kàm. Bī-lâi, Kilo-kip khó-lîng hōo Lada-kip tshàng-kàm (Lada-class submarine) lâi tāi-thè. Ia̍h-koh Kilo-kip tshàng-kàm sī Kok-îng ê Lōosiia ki-su̍t tsi̍p-thuân kong-si (Ростех) hū-tsik tshut-kháu.

Tsù-kái
-------

1. ↑  First Project 636.3 Kilo-Class Attack Sub to Enter Service With Russia's Pacific Fleet This Month – The Diplomat

Tsham-ua̍t
----------

* Lada-kip tshàng-kàm (Lada-class submarine)

Guā-pōo lên-ket
---------------

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|  | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Kilo class submarines*** |

* SSK Kilo Class (Type 636), Russian Federation(Naval technology)
* SSK Kilo Class (Type 877EKM), Russian Federation(Naval technology)
* "Kilo class – Project 636". *GlobalSecurity.org*. 24 February 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.
* "China Defence Today – Kilo Class Diesel-Electric Submarine". *SinoDefence.com*. goân-loē-iông tī 23 February 2007 hőng khó͘-pih. 24 February 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.
* "Серия 877 Варшавянка". *Encyclopedia of Ships (Russian language)*. 24 February 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.
* "Rubin". 24 February 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.
* "Kilo Class "Alrosa" Photoalbum: **100** Photos". *Russian Black Sea Fleet*. goân-loē-iông tī 9 December 2012 hőng khó͘-pih. 5 October 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.

template:Kilo class submarine [en]
template:Soviet and Russian submarines after 1945 [en]
template:Ship classes of the Iranian Navy [en]
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| Lī-bī-kì |
| Bîn-sò͘-kì |
| Sin-bēng-kì |
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**Bîn-sò͘-kì**(民數記) ia̍h-sī **Bîn-sò͘ Kì-lio̍k** (民數記錄), í tiám-sòan Sîn ê chú-"*bîn*" ê "*sò͘*" ba̍k lî tit-miâ. Kì-chài Í-sek-lia̍t-lâng lî-khui Se-nái-soaⁿ, lâi-kàu Sîn sù ná thó-tī ê tang-pō• pian-kài ê le̍k-sú. Pún-su ê í le̍k-sú sū-kiāⁿ iú-koan chek koan-î jîn-kháu phó͘-cha. kî-tiong biâu-siá Í-sek-lia̍t-lâng chāi cho-gū khùn-lân sî, siâng-siâng hōe hoe-sim, ū khióng-khū-kám, pēng-chhiáⁿ pōe-pōan Sîn, bâi-òan Sîn só͘ chhe-phài lâi léng-tō tá-men ê léng-siù Mô͘-se. Che sī chi̍t-pún su̍t-soat Sîn sìn-si̍t ê su. Sui-jiân Í-sek-lia̍t-lâng siông-siông ùi-siok put chêng, ûi-khòng bēng-lēng, tān-sī Sîn sí-chiong kòan-kò͘ tá-men. Pún-su iā-sī thê-kàu Mô͘-se ê phín-chit. I lān-bián ū-sî sit-tiāu nāi-sèng, khiok-sī lêng kian-tēng put-î, sí-chiong jia̍t-ài Sîn, lia̍t-ài jîn-bîn.
Peh-go̍eh-cheh ê go̍eh-niû.
**Peh-go̍eh-cheh**/**Peh-ge̍h-cheh** sī tang-a tē-khu ê chi̍t-ê cheh-ji̍t. Sî-kan sī kū-le̍k 8 go̍eh 15. Àn Hôa-jîn ê thôan-thóng, tī chit-kang, chhin-chiâⁿ pêng-iú ē sio-chio khì hó hong-kéng ê só·-chāi ta̍k-ke khai-káng, khòaⁿ go̍eh-niû, chia̍h go̍eh-piáⁿ kap iū-á. Tī Tâi-ôan, mā chin liû-hêng hang-bah, chia̍h iû-pn̄g.

It-poaⁿ Peh-go̍eh-cheh siōng-chia̍p thiaⁿ-tio̍h--ê sī Sò·-ngô· ( 素娥; Siông-ngô·, 嫦娥 ) poe chiūⁿ go̍eh-niû ê kò·-sū, koh-lâi tō sī tâng-chê hām Sò·-ngô· tòa tī go̍eh-niû téng-kôan ê thò·-á, kap mî-nōa tī hia teh chhò 1-châng chhò bē tò ê chhiū-á ê Gô Kang. ( 吳剛 ).

Kin-thâu
--------

Peh-go̍eh-cheh ê kin-thâu taⁿ í-keng chin oh khe-khó--ah. Ū 1-khóan kóng-hoat sī kū-le̍k 8-go̍eh 15 tú hó sī kū-le̍k chhiu-thiⁿ ê pòaⁿ-tiong-nôa, hō-chò "Tiong-chhiu"( 中秋 ), í-chá jīn-ûi chit-ji̍t ê go̍eh-niû siōng-îⁿ mā siōng kng, só·-í sio-chio tī chit-kang khòaⁿ go̍eh-niû.

Mā ū kóng Peh-go̍eh-cheh khêng-si̍t kap kó·-chá kó·-chá pài go̍eh-sîn, he̍k-chiá-sī siu-sêng liáu-āu chò lāu-jia̍t ū koan-hē.

### Oa̍t-lâm *Tết Trung Thu* ("Chiat Tiong Chhiu") ê kin-thâu

Oa̍t-lâm in mā ū Peh-go̍eh-cheh, Oa̍t-lâm-ōe hō-chò Tết Trung Thu ( 節中秋 ), nā in kóng ê kin-thâu sī 8-sè-kí ê sî ū 1-ê hông-tè kiò-chò Minh-Hoang. Minh-Hoang chhōa i ê hông-tè-niû Duong Quy Pho khì 1-ê ô· piⁿ, tī hia go̍eh-niû chhiō kah kng-kng-kng, Minh-Hoang kā i ūi Duong Quy Pho siá ê si tha̍k hō· i thiaⁿ.

Ji̍t-pún kap Hân-kok ê Peh-go̍eh-cheh
-------------------------------------

### Ji̍t-pún ū 2-ê Peh-go̍eh-cheh

Ji̍t-pún lâng kā peh-go̍eh-cheh hō-chò "月見", in m̄-na tī kū-le̍k 8-go̍eh 15 àm-sî, mā tī 9-go̍eh 13 ê àm-sî khòaⁿ go̍eh-niû. In kā 8-go̍eh 15 ê go̍eh-niû hō-chò 芋名月 ( いもめいげつ ), 9-go̍eh 13 ê go̍eh-niû kiò-chò 栗名月 ( くりめいげつ; mā ū lâng kóng 豆名月, まめめいげつ ).

8-go̍eh 15 àm-sî, Ji̍t-pún-lâng ē tī khòaⁿ go̍eh-niû ê só·-chāi pâi toh-á pài-pài, ēng koaⁿ-bang chng-thāⁿ, kā Peh-go̍eh-cheh môa-chî ( 月見団子 ), ō·-á, mô·-tāu té--leh, chiú pâi--leh, chò-hóe khòaⁿ go̍eh-niû, mā saⁿ-kap kiû hó-nî-tang.

Chôan-sè-kài kan-taⁿ Ji̍t-pún-lâng ke chò 1-kang 9-go̍eh 13, in hit-kang ē ēng tōa-tāu kap la̍t-chí lâi chè-pài, hit-chūn tōa-tāu kap la̍t-á tú tio̍h-sî, che mā sī ūi-sím-mi̍h hit-kang ê go̍eh-niû kiò-chò La̍t-bêng-go̍at ( 栗名月 ) ia̍h-sī Tāu-bêng-go̍at ( 豆名月 ) ê gôan-in.

### Hân-kok ê Peh-go̍eh-cheh

Hân-kok-lâng in oan-ná ū tī kū-le̍k 8-go̍eh 15 khòaⁿ go̍eh-niû ê hong-sio̍k. Hân-kok-ōe kā peh-go̍eh-cheh hō-chò 秋夕 ( Ho·-im: chhiu-so·-khu ), hit-kang ta̍k-ê hioh-khùn, hām kò·-hiong ê chhin-chiâⁿ thôan-îⁿ, sǹg sī in kòe-nî hām kúi-cheh í-gōa ê tē-3-ê tōa cheh-ji̍t. In hit-kang ē chia̍h hō-chò son-pion ( 松餅） ê sì-siù.

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| * hián
* lūn
* pian
Thoân-thóng cheh-ji̍t |
| --- |
|  |
| Jī-káu-mê  · Chhun-cheh  · Goân-siau (siōng-goân-mî)  · Chheng-bêng-cheh  · Gō͘-ji̍t-cheh (Toan-ngó͘-cheh)  · Chhit-niû-má-seⁿ (Chhit-sia̍h)  · Chhit-goe̍h-pòaⁿ (Tiong-goân phó͘-tō͘)  · Peh-goe̍h-cheh (Tiong-chhiu)  · Tiông-iông-cheh  · Tang-cheh  · Sàng-sîn |

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Phó͘-thong ê **Oa̍t-lâm-sek lâng-miâ** ē-sài hūn 3-ê pō͘-hūn: "sèⁿ" (*họ*), "tiong miâ" (*tên đệm*) kap "miâ" (*tên*).

Sèⁿ
---

Oa̍t-lâm siāng toā ê sèⁿ sī *Nguyễn* (阮 [Ńg]), koh lâi sī *Trần* (陳 [Tân]), *Lê* (黎 [Lê]), *Phạm* (范 [Hoān]), kap *Hoàng* (黃 [N̂g]) téng-téng. Sèⁿ tī lâng miâ lāi-té sī pâi tī siāng thâu-chêng.

Tiong miâ
---------

Tiong miâ chiàu koàn-sì thang kéng ê jī chin chió, cha-bó͘-lâng chha-put-to lóng ēng *Thị* (Hàn-jī siá "氏" [Sī]) lâi hō tiong miâ. Cha-po͘ ê tiong miâ khah chē khoán, m̄-koh mā sī *Văn* (文 [Bûn]) chiàm toā-hūn. 

Oa̍t-lâm-lâng nā î-bîn khí Tâi-oân, Hiong-káng, he̍k-chiá kî-tha bô tiong miâ hē-thóng ê Hàn-miâ kok-ka, ū-sî ē kā tiong miâ theh tiāu.

Miâ
---

Miâ, ia̍h sī kóng "chheng miâ" (*tên chính*), sī si̍t-chè tāi-piáu chú-lâng ê jī. Tī chèng-sek ê tiûⁿ-ha̍p, Oa̍t-lâm lâng koàn-sì ēng miâ khì chheng-ho͘ lâng, chhan-chhiūⁿ "Nguyễn Văn Minh" sī chiàu miâ chheng chò "ông Minh" (ia̍h tio̍h sī "Minh sian-siⁿ" ê ì-sù), m̄-sī tòe sèⁿ kóng "ông Nguyễn".
**Hi-kò͘-lūi** ê Eng-gí sī ***fiction*** ("Óa-im: "*huik-siohn*""), thoân-thóng hoan-e̍k chò "**siáu-soat**", sī chi̍t khoán bûn-ha̍k khoán-chè, hâm kok khoán keng-kòe sióng-siōng ê kò͘-sū, ia̍h chiū sī bô ì-sù beh kun-kù sū-si̍t ê chhòng-chok.

Chiàu kin-sè chit-ê khài-liām ê iōng-hoat, pún lūi chhòng-chok m̄ ná hâm bûn-chiong, mā hâm hiān-tiûⁿ piáu-ián, iáⁿ-hì, tiān-sī-kio̍k, tiān-náu iû-hì, kak-sek poaⁿ-ián iû-hì téng khoán. Nā khah goân-sú ê ì-sù sī bûn-ha̍k ê lūi-hêng, chhan-chhiūⁿ tn̂g-phiⁿ siáu-soat (*novel*), novella, té-phiⁿ kò͘-sū, kio̍k-pún téng lūi.

Hi-kò͘ kap hui-hi-kò͘ ê hâm-hô͘-sèng
------------------------------------

Tiām chi̍t kóa chêng-hêng hi-kò͘/hui-hi-kò͘ ê chha-pia̍t sī ài-māi--ê, chit khoán ài-māi-sèng mā sī chi̍t kóa hō͘-hiān-tāi bûn-ha̍k ê sêng-hun, pí-lūn chok-chiá khó-lêng te̍k-pia̍t piáu-hiān "sióng-siōng-tek hiān-si̍t" (*imagined reality*). Koh ū chhiūⁿ Michael Orlofsky ēng "sú-ha̍k hi-kò͘" (*historiografiction*) chit jī lâi piáu-sī ê le̍k-sú-ha̍k kiam hi-kò͘ ê saⁿ-lām.

Chham-khó
---------

1. ↑  John Macgowan (1883). "Fiction". *English and Chinese dictionary of the Amoy dialect*.
2. ↑  Iftekharuddin, Frahat (ed.). (2003). *The Postmodern Short Story: Forms and Issues*. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 23.

Siong-koan
----------

* Hui-hi-kò͘-lūi (non-fiction)
* Khong-sióng (fantasy)
Tsi̍t-ê hái-kun tsûn-pi̍k kang-tîng-su teh ún-tīng-sìng tshì-giām tang-tiong tshik-liông pái-á ê huâinn-hiòng uī-suá.
Teh Kún-tsong-tsûn [en] ê tshia-khòo [en] tang-tiong tāng-liōng ê tshiâu-suá.
**Tsûn-pi̍k [en] khing-siâ tshì-giām** (ing-gú: inclining test) sī teh tsûn-pi̍k tíng-kuân tsìn-hîng ê tsi̍t-hāng tshì-giām, í-lâi khak-tīng tsûn-pi̍k ê ún-tīng-sìng [en], khin-tsûn tāng-liōng kah tiōng-sim tsō-piau.Tsit-ê tshik-tshì sik-iōng teh tn̂g-tōo khah-tuā 24m ê sin-kiàn tsûn-pi̍k, í-ki̍p í íng-hióng ún-tīng-sìng ê hong-sik tsìn-hîng kái-tsong ê tsûn-pi̍k khing-siâ tshik-tshì tîng-sū; iû kok-tsè hái-sū tsoo-tsit [en] kah kî-thann ê kok-tsè hia̍p-huē kui-tīng.

Tsûn-pi̍k ê tāng-liōng ē-tàng thong-kuè to̍k-tshú tsia̍h-tsuí tshim-tōo [en] pīng-tshiánn kah í-king tsai-iánn ê liû-thé tsīng-li̍k-ha̍k ê ti̍k-sìng tsìn-hîng pí-kàu lâi khin-sang khak-tīng. Tsú-tō ún-tīng-sìng ê ún-sim ko-tōo [en] (GM) ē-sái uì siat-kè tang-tiong kóo-sǹg tshut-lâi, mk-u tsún-khak ê ta̍t pit-su thong-kuè khing-siâ tshik-tshì lâi khak-tīng.

Khing-siâ tshik-tshì thong-siông teh pîng-tsīng ê thinn-khì, tiānn-tiānn ê tsuí-tiong tsìn-hîng kin-hái, pīng-tshiánn bô hē-po̍k hān-tsè í-lâi ta̍t-kàu tsún-khak-sìng. Ún-sim ko-tōo (GM) uī-tì sī thong-kuè huâinn-hiòng î-tōng tāng-bu̍t lâi khak-tīng ê, tio̍h-sī teh khó-lîng ê tsîng-hóng tsi-hā sán-sing 1-4 tōo huān-uî lāi ê í-king tsai-á khing-hok ê li̍k-kí. Uì tsûn-pi̍k ê tshùn-tshioh hām phû-tāng ê uī-tì ē-tàng liáu-kái tsûn-pi̍k ê hue-ho̍k ti̍k-sìng (phû-li̍k), phìng-tshiánn tshik-liông ka-kuân tsûn-pi̍k ê pîng-hîng kak-tōo, ē-sái kè-sǹg ún-sim ko-tōo (GM).

Tō tshin-tshiūnn teh sin-tsûn ê tshik-tshì tang-tiong kâng-khuán, pit-su tsai-iánn tāng-liōng piàn-huà pīng tshik-liông khing-siâ kak-tōo. Tsi̍t hē-lia̍t tāng-liōng (teh-tsài [en]) ūn-tōng iōng-teh hi̍k-tik ún-sim ko-tōo [en] (GM) ê pîng-kunti̍t pîng-kun-ti̍k hām hong-tsha.

Tsù-kái
-------

1. ↑  International Maritime Organization (2002). *Code on Intact Stability for all types of ships covered by IMO Instruments* (2 pán.). IMO Publishing. ISBN 92-801-5117-7.  (Eng-gí)
2. ↑  "Inclining test unified procedure" (PDF). IACS. January 2004. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 11 July 2009 hőng khó͘-pih. 2 January 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)

Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn
------------------

* Ferreiro, L.D. (2006): *Ships and Science: The Birth of Naval Architecture in the Scientific Revolution, 1600-1800 (Transformations: Studies in the History of Science and Technology)*, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. (Eng-gí)
* IACS [en], *Inclining test unified procedure*.

Tsham-ua̍t
----------

* Metacentric height
* Naval architecture
* Semi-submersible
* International Maritime Organization
* Ship stability
* Draft (hull)
* International Association of Classification Societies
* Roketsan kong-si

Guā-pōo liân-kiat
-----------------

* Inclining Experiment- Determining Metacentric height of the ship (Eng-gí)
* Inclining tests--Conoship International (Eng-gí)
* 2 Preparations for the Inclining Test (Eng-gí)
* INCLINING EXPERIMENT--Marine Inbox (Eng-gí)
* Guidance notes for carrying out an inclining test (Eng-gí)

Ship measurements [en]
**Teng-ki-chèng** (登機證) sī chi̍t chióng thê-kiong bîn-iōng hâng-khong sêng-kheh teng-ki chèng-bêng ê phiò-chèng, thong-siông sī tī sêng-kheh pān-lí liáu teng-ki pò-tò chhiú-sio̍k liáu-āu iû hâng-khong kong-si thê-kiong. Tī teng-ki-chèng téng-thâu, chì-chió ē piau-bêng sêng-kheh sèⁿ-miâ, pan-ki hō-bé, tah-ki ji̍t-kî kap sî-kan. It-poaⁿ teng-ki-chèng sī seⁿ chò tn̂g-tiâu-chōng ê kám-jia̍t-chóa, pòe-bīn ū chû-tiâu hō͘ chū-tōng tho̍k-má-ki lâi tha̍k. Chi̍t pō͘-hūn hâng-khong kong-si (te̍k-pia̍t sī liâm-kè hâng-khong kong-si) ūi-tio̍h beh kàng-kē iōng-chóa sêng-pún, kái ēng phó͘-thong chóa lâi lia̍t-ìn teng-ki-chèng, koh ēng jī-chhù-goân tiâu-bé chhú-tāi chû-tiâu, mā kó͘-lē sêng-kheh tī hâng-khong kong-si bāng-chām téng sòaⁿ-téng pò-tò lâi chū-hêng lia̍t-ìn teng-ki-chèng.

Pō͘-hūn hâng-khong kong-si koh kā teng-ki-chèng kiam chò ki-tiûⁿ kùi-pin-sek ê iau-chhiáⁿ-khah, hō͘ thâu-téng-chhng, siong-bū-chhng ia̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ hû-ha̍p chu-keh ê lú-kheh chìn-ji̍p kùi-pin-sek sú-iōng.

To-sò͘ ki-tiûⁿ kap hâng-khong kong-si lóng ū chū-tōng tho̍k-má-ki, lī-piān tī khong-kiô ia̍h-sī teng-ki-mn̂g he̍k-tùi sêng-kheh ê teng-ki-chèng, tông-sî tho̍k-má-ki mā ē kā chu-liāu thoân-sàng khì hâng-khong kong-si ê chu-liāu-khò͘, khak-jīn sêng-kheh kám ū teng-ki iáu-koh ū i-ê hêng-lí kám ū tī hui-ki téng, thê-seng teng-ki ê hāu-lu̍t, mā pī-bián sêng-kheh chiūⁿ m̄-tio̍h hui-ki.
Thng Tek-chiong
**Thng Tek-chiong** (湯德章) 1907-1947, lāu-pē sèⁿ *Sakai* (坂井), Tâi-lâm-chhī lu̍t-su. I ê lāu-pē sī Ji̍t-pún kèng-chhat, siàu-liân tio̍h kòe-sin, i tòe lāu-bú sìⁿ. Ji̍t-pún Tang-kiaⁿ su-lip tāi-ha̍k chut-gia̍p, thong-kòe Su-hoat-kho khó-chhì, tńg-lâi Tâi-lâm chò lu̍t-su.

Chiàn-āu i tī Tâi-lâm chin chhut-miâ, chham-gī-goân ê soán-kí tē lī koân phiò, āu-pó͘ chham-gī-goân. I bô ài chò koaⁿ, i chai-iáⁿ "Chò Tiong-kok koaⁿ tio̍h ài chia̍h-chîⁿ, goá bô ài bâi-bok kā-kī ê liông-sim".

Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ ê sî, i tī Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ Chhú-lí Úi-goân-hoē chò tī-an cho͘-tiúⁿ.

Kok-bîn-tóng ê kun-tuī lâi Tâi-lâm lia̍h i ê sî, i kā ū-koan ê miâ-toaⁿ sio-tiāu, pó-hō͘ chin chē lâng. tī Tâi-lâm-chhī ê Tai-chèng kong-hn̂g (Bîn-seng-le̍k-hn̂g) chhìⁿ-koat, kuí kang āu, Ko-téng-hoat-īⁿ phoàⁿ-koat "bô-choē".

1998 nî, Tâi-lâm chhī-chèng-hú kā "Bîn-seng-le̍k-hn̂g" kái-chò "Thng Tek-chiong kì-liām kong-hn̂g" lâi kì-liām i.
Chhiⁿ-thoân NGC 3572 kao i-ê chiu-ûi.
**Sòaⁿ-khui chhiⁿ-thoân** (散開星團) sī tī kāng chi̍t ê hun-chú-hûn lāi-té ê kúi-pah lia̍p kàu kúi-chheng lia̍p hêng-chhiⁿ só͘ hêng-sêng ê chhiⁿ-thoân. Tī Gîn-hô-hē lāi-té í-keng hoat-hiān chì-chió 1,100 ê sòaⁿ-khui chhiⁿ-thoân.

Tī in se̍h Gîn-hô-hē tiong-sim ūn-choán ê sî, kan-na óa-khò bî-jio̍k ê tiōng-le̍k kā in giú chò-hóe, koh chin iông-ī in-ūi hām kî-thaⁿ chi̍p-thoân ia̍h khì-thé-hûn ê kīn-kū-lī chiap-chhiok lâi óa-kái.

Sòaⁿ-khui chhiⁿ-thoân ê siū-miā thong-siông chí-ū kúi-ek tang, m̄-koh chió-sò͘ chit-liōng te̍k-pia̍t tōa ê ē-tàng chûn-oa̍h kúi-nā cha̍p-ek tang. Chham chit-liōng koh-khah tōa ê kiû-chōng chhiⁿ-thoân sio-pí, sòaⁿ-khui chhiⁿ-thoân khah bô hiah chē lia̍p hêng-chhiⁿ, chûn-oa̍h ê sî-kan mā khah té.

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| * hián
* lūn
* pian
Hêng-chheⁿ-hē |
| --- |
|  |
| Ū pian-kài | 
* Gîn-hô
* É-sió gîn-hô
* Chheⁿ-thoân
	+ Kiû-chōng
	+ Sòaⁿ-khui
* Liân-chheⁿ
* To-chheⁿ
* He̍k-chheⁿ-hē

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| Bô pian-kài | 
* Chheⁿ-liû
* Chheⁿ-hia̍p
* Ūn-tōng chheⁿ-thoân

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|  |
| Ba̍k-sī chi̍p-thoân | 
* Jī-têng-chheⁿ
* To-têng-chheⁿ
* Seng-chō
* Hêng-chheⁿ-hûn
* Chheⁿ-kûn

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* Category Lūi-pia̍t

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| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | 
* LCCN: sh85127441
* GND: 4244900-5
* BNF: cb12435405s (data)

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IU
**IU** (Hân-kok-gí: 아이유 *Aiyu*; 1993 nî 5 goe̍h 16 ji̍t chhut-sì ), pún-miâ hō-chò **Lee Ji-eun** (Hân-kok-gí: 이지은/李知恩 *Lí Ti-un*), sī Hân-kok ê cha-bó͘ chhòng-chok koa-chhiú kiam ián-oân. Tiong-ha̍k sî-kî, IU hoat-hiān ka-kī tùi chhiùⁿ-koa ê jia̍t-chêng, só͘-í chham-ka keng-kí kong-si ê soán-poa̍t, lo̍h-bóe tī 2007 nî hām LOEN Entertainment chhiam-io̍k. Tē-jī tang, 15 hòe ê IU hoat-hêng tē-1 tiuⁿ ep *Lost and Found*, khai-sí koa-chhiú ê seng-gâi. Āu-lâi hoat-hêng ê *Growing Up* kap *iu...im* hō͘ i-ê ti-bêng-tō͘ chiām-chiām tiòng-koân. Chin-chiàⁿ hō͘ IU tī Hân-kok kok-lāi toā chhut-miâ sī i tī 2010 nî hoat-hêng ê choan-chi̍p *Real* ê chú-táⁿ kok-khek *Good Day* (좋은 날).

Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
-----------------

* IU ê Facebook choan-ia̍h (Hân-kok-gí)
* IU tī Instagram(Hân-kok-gí)
* IU ê Twitter bāng-ia̍h (Hân-kok-gí)
* IU ê Twitter bāng-ia̍h (Hân-kok-gí) (Eng-gí)
* YouTube YouTube téng ê **IU** pîn-tō (Hân-kok-gí)
* IU tī Bāng-lō͘ Tiān-iáⁿ Chu-liāu-khò͘

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| * hián
* lūn
* pian
APAN Star Awards Lú-chú Chòe Iu-siù Ián-ki Chióng |
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* Kim Nam-joo (2012 nî)
* Lee Bo-young (2013 nî)

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| tiong-phian iáⁿ-chi̍p | 
* Kim Hee-ae (2014 nî)
* Kim Hee-sun (2015 nî)
* Han Hyo-joo (2016 nî)
* Lee Ji-eun (2018 nî)

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| tn̂g-phian iáⁿ-chi̍p | 
* Kim Hee-sun (2014 nî)
* Kim Hyun-joo (2015 nî)
* Kim So-yeon (2016 nî)
* Shin Hye-sun (2018 nî)

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| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | 
* WorldCat Identities
* VIAF: 313304414
* LCCN: no2017139012
* ISNI: 0000 0004 0681 4670
* MusicBrainz: b9545342-1e6d-4dae-84ac-013374ad8d7c
* NLA: 53731395

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Thah
**Thah** ki-pún-tek lâi kóng, sī kí kap chiàm-tē bīn-chek pí--khí-lâi, koân-tō͘ ke chin chē ê kò͘-chō-bu̍t iah kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t. 

Tī Se-kok ê kiàn-tio̍k lāi-té, thah chú-iàu sī kí kun-sū bo̍k-tek ê oán-bōng-tâi kap ū chong-kàu ì-gī ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t khah chē, nā tī Tâi-oân, Ji̍t-pún, Tiong-kok, Oa̍t-lâm, Hân-kok, Tiâu-sián téng-téng ê tang-hong kok-ka, in-ūi Pu̍t-kàu ê thoân-pò, koh thah tī Pu̍t-kàu--ni̍h ū te̍k-sû ê ì-gī, só͘-í chū-chá ê thah lóng sī kap Pu̍t-kàu ū koan-hē ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t chiàm toā-pō͘-hūn.

Hiān-chhú-sî "thah" chit-ê sû tī ta̍k-khoán gí-giân lāi-té kap bô-kāng gí-giân tiong-kan iáu khiàm-khoat chin bêng-khak kap it-tì ê tēng-gī, tī Se-kok, ū chi̍t-koá koân ê lâu-á-chhù pún-sin leh hō-miâ ê sî, mā the̍h thah chit-ê sû lâi ēng, (Eng-gí: *tower*).

Thah ê bô-kâng lō͘-iōng
-----------------------

Chhin-chhiūⁿ thâu-chêng kóng--ê, thah pún-sin iáu khiàm-khoeh bêng-khak ê tēng-gī, ē-kha sī oân-choân chiàu lō͘-iōng chò piau-chùn ê hun-lūi:

### Kì-liām-sèng

Chi̍t-khí-khiàn kóng-tio̍h thah kap Pu̍t-kàu ê koan-hē, in-ūi thah tī tang-hong goân-khí-thâu sī chò siu-la̍p Sek-khia-mô͘-nî ûi-kut ê lō͘-iōng, chū-lâi thah tī ū bu̍t-kàu sìn-gióng ê tē-khu, tō ū Sek-khia-mô͘-nî ê bōng ê ì-gī. Taⁿ tī Tâi-oân, thah mā í-keng khí lâi chò khǹg it-poaⁿ lâng kut-thâu-hu ê só͘-chāi--ah, hō-chò lêng-kut-thah.
Tī Se-kok, thah ū kā tē--ni̍h kap thiⁿ-téng sio-kap-liân ê ì-gī tī-leh, thah mā chiâⁿ-chò chin chē kàu-tn̂g kiàn-tio̍k ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn.
Chong-kàu hong-bīn lia̍h-goā, mā ū tan-sûn ūi-tio̍h kì-liām chiàn-iâⁿ, kiàn-kok he̍k-chiá-sī pa̍t-hāng te̍k-sû sū-kiāⁿ lâi chō ê thah, chiâⁿ-chò to͘-chhī--ni̍h te̍k-sek kéng-koan ê thah tī kīn-tāi chin sî-kiâⁿ.
### Chò thong-ti iah thong-sìn

Ki-tok-kàu kàu-hoē kiàn-tio̍k ê cheng-thah, kap Islam-kàu masjid ê mi-na-le-toh (Eng-gí: *minaret*), tû-liáu chong-kàu-tek ê kì-liām lō͘-iōng, koh ēng lâi chò thong-ti sìn-tô͘ kî-tó, lé-pài téng-téng ê sú-iōng.
Kīn-tāi, chhut-hiān sî-cheng-thah chit-khoán thong-tī sî-kan ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t. Kóng-pò kap Tiān-sī phó-phiàn liáu-āu, ūi-tio̍h hòng-sàng sìn-hō ê tiān-pho-thah, mā sī sio̍k-tī thong-sìn kap thong-ti chit-lūi ê thah.
### Chò poaⁿ-sàng

Kā tiān-soàⁿ iah thong-sìn-soàⁿ keng-koân ê thih-thah, chhāi tī toā-lâu lâu-téng, lī-iōng koân-tō͘ sàng chúi ê chúi-thah téng-téng, lóng sio̍k-tī chit-lūi.
### Chò kàm-sī

Chū kó͘-chá, tō ū tī siâⁿ-piah téng, he̍k-chiá-sī kau-kài khu-he̍k, khí lâi chò kun-sū oán-bōng-tâi ê thah, lēng-goā tī hui-hêng-ki tiûⁿ--ni̍h, mā ū kàm-khoàⁿ kiam chí-hui hui-hêng-ki ê koán-chè-thah tī-leh.

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|  | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Towers*** |
**O˙-ta̍t-á** (hàn-jī: 烏笛仔) sī 1 chióng se-iûⁿ ga̍k-khì, sio̍k-î bo̍k-kńg lūi, 1690 nî chiaⁿ-go̍eh 14 tī Tek-kok Nuremberg hoat-bêng.

Bb o͘-ta̍t-á (Boehm hē-thóng)
Choan-gia̍p-te̍k ê o·-ta̍t-á khak sī "tēng-chhâ" (*hardwood*) chò--ê, te̍k-pia̍t sī Hui-chiu ê *grenadilla* a̍h-sī Honduras ê *rosewood*. Sai-á ga̍k-khì it-poaⁿ sī sok-ka--ê (thong-siông sī *ebonite*). O·-ta̍t-á sī tan-hông (*single reed*), chàu-ga̍k-chiá kā *reed* kâm tī chhùi-lāi, pûn hong hō· reed ē tín-tāng tō ē chhut siaⁿ.

*O·-ta̍t-á* chit-ê bêng-sû biô-siá ga̍k-khì ê sek-tì (it-poaⁿ seⁿ-sêng o·-sek) kap i ê hêng (sêng ta̍t-á), só·-í mā kiò chò **o·-kńg**. Bîn-kan ū-sî ē chheng-ho· i sī 1-chióng "kó·-chhoe".

Tâi-oân chhut-miâ ê o·-ta̍t-á ga̍k-ka pau-koat Ông Kiat-soan (jazz, liû-hêng-koa).

Sòaⁿ-téng chu-gôan
------------------

* 黑達仔的家


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|  | *Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ pún-té khan tī holopedia.net.* |


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|  | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:Clarinets*** |
Puto cross wikiabuse

Cuando alguien me amaba, me sentía tan feliz Los momentos que pasamos los recuerdo bien Siempre en su pesar, yo sus lágrimas sequé Su alegría compartí también cuando me amó
De estación en estación, entre los dos había unión Y nada más nosotras como debía ser Y si sola estaba la solía acompañar Así fue cuando me amó
El tiempo pasó, yo soy igual más poco a poco me olvidó Sola me quedé pero espero aún oír su voz diciendo yo te amo Olvidada estaba cuando ella me encontró, me sostuvo como antes De nuevo me sonrió, pues me amaba, si me amaba
Cuando alguien me amaba, me sentía tan feliz Los momentos que pasamos los recuerdo bien
Cuando me amó

  

```
**Sòaⁿ-téng pek-kho-choân-su** sī tī bāng-chè bāng-lō͘ téng kong-khai hō͘ bāng-iú cha-oa̍t ê pek-kho-choân-su. Sòaⁿ-téng pek-kho-choân-su ū khai-hòng kap hui-khai-hòng nn̄g chióng. Sòaⁿ-téng pek-kho-choân-su mā hō-chò **sò͘-ūi pek-kho-choân-su**, sī thang thong-kòe bāng-chè bāng-lō͘ chûn-chhú ê pek-kho-choân-su. Sú-iōng bāng-chè bāng-lō͘ kiàn-li̍p bián-hùi pek-kho-choân-su ê siūⁿ-hoat chì-chió ē-tàng tui-sò͘ kàu 1994 nî ê Interpedia thê-àn, i kè-ōe múi chi̍t ê lâng lóng ē-sái hiòng i thê-kiong châi-liāu.
```
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Cultural/historical Tibet (highlighted) depicted with various competing territorial claims. |
|   | Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê Se-chōng Chū-tī-khu |
|   | Liû-bông jîn-sū soan-kò ê Se-chông le̍k-sú hōan-ûi |
|   | Chèng-hú jīn-ûi ê Chōng-cho̍k khiā-khí hōan-ûi |
|   | Tiong-kok khòng-chè ê Aksai Chin tē-khu |
|   | Ìn-tō khòng-chè ê tē-khu |
|   | Kî-thaⁿ ê Se-chōng bûn-hòa tē-khu |

**Se-chōng** (Hàn-jī: 西藏; Chōng-gí: བོད་; Eng-gí: Tibet) sī Chheng-Chōng ko-gôan kūn Nepal, Bhutan kap Ìn-tō͘ ê chi̍t-ê tē-khu, tû-liáu hiān-sî Tiong-kok ê Se-chōng Chū-tī-khu í-gōa, Chheng-hái, Sù-chhoan, Hûn-lâm, Kam-siok, kap hū-kūn kok-ka iā-ū pō͘-hūn sī Se-chōng bûn-hòa, ia̍h-sī Chōng-cho̍k khiā-khí hōan-ûi.

Chōng-gí kiò Se-chōng hō-chòe *Bod* (བོད་); Tiong-kok Tông-tiâu kap Sòng-tiâu sî-tāi kiò Se-chōng kiò "Thó͘-hoan" (Hàn-jī: "吐蕃", Hàn-gí Pheng-im: tǔfān), hit-tong-sî Se-chōng Tè-kok chham Tiong-kok nn̄g-ê sè-le̍k ū-sî-á ē hoat-seng chiàn-cheng. 

Kīn-tāi ê Se-chōng léng-tō-chiá sī Dalai Lama, sī 17 sè-kí chó-iū khak-li̍p tùi Se-chōng ê khòng-chè. Hiān-jīm Dalai Lama sī Tenzin Gyatso, in-ūi Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok tùi Se-chōng ê chiàm-niá, hiān-sî liû-bông Ìn-tō͘.

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| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | 
* WorldCat Identities
* VIAF: 147680426
* LCCN: n79100917
* ISNI: 0000 0001 1781 6290
* SUDOC: 027251705
* BNF: cb11933498v (data)
* NDL: 00572956
* NKC: ge131050
* BNE: XX4575409

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Tāi-khì kho-ha̍k|  |
| Tāi-khì bu̍t-lí-ha̍kTāi-khì tōng-le̍k-ha̍k (lūi-pia̍t)Tāi-khì hòa-ha̍k (lūi-pia̍t) |
| Khì-siōng-ha̍k |
| Thiⁿ-khì (lūi-pia̍t)Jia̍t-tài kē-khì-ap (lūi-pia̍t) |
| Khì-hāu-ha̍k |
| Khì-hāu (lūi-pia̍t)Khì-hāu piàn-tōng (lūi-pia̍t)Choân-kiû sio-lo̍h-hoà (lūi-pia̍t) |
| * hián
* lūn
* pian
 |

**Khì-hāu** (氣候; Eng-bûn: *climate*) sī chi̍t ê te̍k-tēng só͘-chāi tn̂g-sî-kan ê thiⁿ-khì kui-lu̍t kap choán-piàn. Khì-hāu ê chhek-liông su-iàu tī te̍k-tēng ê só͘-chāi, keng-kòe tn̂g-sî-kan bô-keng-tn̄g ê chham-sò͘ siu-chi̍p kap phêng-kó͘. Chia ê chham-sò͘ pau-hâm un-tō͘, sip-tō͘, tāi-khì ap-le̍k, hong, kàng-chúi, iah-koh-ū chē-chē kî-thaⁿ piàn-liōng. Khì-hāu hām thiⁿ-khì bô-kāng, thiⁿ-khì kan-nā biâu-su̍t te̍k-tēng só͘-chāi té-sî-kan ê tāi-khì chōng-thài.

Chi̍t ê só͘-chāi ê khì-hāu sī iû **khì-hāu hē-thóng** (氣候系統) ê gō͘ ê cho͘-sêng pō͘-hūn sán-seng, hun-pia̍t sī: tē-kiû ê tāi-khì, súi-khoan, peng-soat-khoan, giâm-se̍k-khoan, kap seng-bu̍t-khoan.

Chi̍t ê só͘-chāi ê khì-hāu ē siū-tio̍h hūi-tō͘, tē-sè, hái-poa̍t, kap chúi-he̍k téng-téng in-sò͘ ê éng-hióng.

Chham-khó
---------

1. ↑  NASA. "What's the Difference Between Weather and Climate?".
2. ↑  AR4 SYR Synthesis Report Annexes. Ipcc.ch. Retrieved on 2011-06-28.
**Kî-hoàn bûn-ha̍k** (奇幻文學), ia̍h **hoàn-sióng bûn-ha̍k** (幻想-), kóng ê sī bûn-ha̍k lūi ê kî-hoàn chok-phín, it-poaⁿ chú-iàu sī teh kóng kî-hoàn sió-soat. Kóng-gī siōng, hâm-iú kî-hoàn iàu-sò͘ ê bûn-ha̍k chok-phín iā pau-hâm chāi
lāi, chhan-chhiūⁿ hiân-hoàn sió-soat, bú-kiap sió-soat kap kó͘-chá liû-thoân ê gín-á-kò͘, sîn-ōe kap bîn-kan thoân-kî kò͘-sū.

Tī kó͘-chá liû-thoân ê tông-ōe kò͘-sū kap sîn-ōe tiong, ū tōa-liōng ê kî-hoàn iàu-sò͘, che mā sī hiān-tāi kî-hoàn bûn-ha̍k ê khí-goân. Tiong-sè ê khî-sū bûn-ha̍k kap kīn-tāi ê Ko-te̍k bûn-ha̍k chiâⁿ-chò hiān-tāi kî-hoàn bûn-ha̍k ê chô͘-hêng. Lo̍h-bóe tī *Chhiú-chí Ông* chhut-hiān liáu-āu, kî-hoàn bûn-ha̍k ê hun-lūi chiah tau̍h-tau̍h-á tu̍t-hián chhut-lâi, pēng-chhiáⁿ hoat-iông-kong-tāi, éng-hióng ji̍t-āu ê kî-hoàn bûn-ha̍k chok-phín.

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| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | 
* NDL: 01181306
* NKC: ph120132

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Nomo Hideo.
**Nomo Hideo**(野茂 英雄; 1968/08/31-) sī khah-tsá NPB kah MLB ê Ji̍t-pún tsiànn-tshiú tâu-tshiú. Nomo tsá-kî tī Ji̍t-pún huat-tián liáu tsin sîng-kong; tsū 1990 nî kàu 1994 nî ê kî-kan, i tī Osaka Buffaloes tâu-kiû. Nomo āu-lâi lī-khui Ji̍t-pún, ka-ji̍p Los Angeles Dodgers. 1995 nî 5 gue̍h 2 hō, Nomo sîng-uî tē-sann uī tī MLB pí-sài ê A-tsiu tâu-tshiú (tsîng nn̄g uī sī Murakami Masanori kah Phok Tsàn-hō). Nomo ê sîng-kong kóo-lē lú lâi lú tsē ê Ji̍t-pún tâu-tshiú tsiân-óng Bí-kok thiáu-tsiàn MLB.

Nomo tī MLB pí-sài 13 ê kiû-kuì, tuà kuè lóng-tsóng 8 ki bô-kāng ê kiû-tuī. 2008 nî thè-hiu. Tī i ê sing-gâi tiong, i bat tit-tio̍h 1995 nî ê *Rookie of the Year Award*. I sam-tsín ê kì-lo̍k tī MLB pâi-miâ tē-jī; i mā bat tâu kuè 2 tiûnn bô an-tánn pí-sài (uî-it ū tâu kuè tsì-tsió 1 tiûnn ê Ji̍t-pún tâu-tshiú). Nomo tsit-tsūn tuà tī Bí-kok California ê Los Angeles.

Ji̍t-pún ê sîng-kong
--------------------

Nomo tsi̍t khai-sí sī Ji̍t-pún 1988 Jua̍h-lâng Olympics iá-kiû tāi-piáu-tuī ê sîng-guân, hit nî Ji̍t-pún tsuè-āu tit-tio̍h gîn-pâi. Keh-tńg-nî, i ji̍p-suán Osaka Buffaloes, khai-sí i ê tsit-gia̍p sing-gâi. Nomo tī 1990 nî khai-sí sian-huat, i kiann--lâng ê piáu-hiān (18 sìng 8 pāi) liâm-mi tit-tio̍h kok-kài ê tiōng-sī; kìng-ka hōo lâng o-ló ê sī Nomo tī 235 kio̍k í-lāi, lóng-tsóng tâu tshut 287 pái sam-tsín.
**Powell Ô͘** sī Bí-kok Colorado hô tē-2-tōa ê jîn-kong-ô͘, tiàm-tī Arizona ham Utah kau-kài ê só͘-chāi. Kū-tóe sī hō-chò Glen kiap, 1963 nî tī Page khí 1-ê chúi-pà kā i kui-ê im-tī chúi-tóe, piàn-chò 1-ê ô͘. Powell ô͘ sī chúi-khò͘ mā sī iû-lám ê só͘-chāi.

Powell ô͘ ê kéng-tì.

Chúi-khò͘
---------

Powell ô͘ sī Colorado hô tē-2-tōa ê chúi-khò͘, phēng chúi-bóe ê Mead ô͘ khah sè-·chı̍t·sut·á. 1956 nî khai-sí khí Glen kiap chúi-pà, keng-kè 8 tang chiah khí hó-sè, lóng-chóng ēng 400-bān lı̍p-hong kong-chhioh ê âng-mn̂g-thô͘. Koh lâi ēng 3 tang ê sî-kan chng hoat-tiān-ki, kàu 1966 nî chiah chéng-sek khai-sí tún-chúi. Ô͘ siōng chhim ê só͘-chāi ū 170 kong-chhioh, pêng-kun sī 40m, ōe-tàng tún 330-ek lı̍p-hong kong-chhioh ê chúi, it-tit kàu 1980 nî chiah thâu-chı̍t-kài tún kah tīⁿ. Chit-kúi-nî khó͘-hoāⁿ, ô͘-chúi chhun khah liám 1-poàⁿ.

Glen kiap chúi-pà āu-piah tō sī Powell ô͘.

Iû-lám
------

Tiong-tàu-sî ê Lêng-iûⁿ kiap
Bí-kok ê Kok-ka kong-hn̂g ho̍k-bū-chhù tī chia siat-lı̍p Glen kiap iû-lám khu, 1-tang ū 200-gōa-bān lâng khì chhit-thô. Chú-iàu ê gī-niū sī tiò-hî, sái-chûn, lō͘-iâⁿ kap peh-soaⁿ.

Hù-kīn thang-hó chhit-thô ê só͘-chāi ū

* Khêng-kiô kok-ka kó͘-chek sái-chhia bô-hoat-tō͘ kàu-ūi, ài chē-chûn khì.
* Lêng-iûⁿ kiap sī téng-koâⁿ oe̍h ē-kha khoah ê kiap. Kam-á-sek ê soaⁿ-piah tī jı̍t-thâu chiò-·lo̍h-lâi ê sî sek-chúi chiâⁿ-chán, kah-ì lia̍p-iáⁿ ê lâng chiâⁿ-hèng khì. Nā lo̍h-hō͘ ê sî sī chúi beh kè ê só͘-chāi, 1997 nî bat ū lâng hō͘ chúi lâu-·khì, chit-má kui-tēng ài seng-khì Page ê lú-hêng-siā chù-bûn, ū lâng chhōa chiah ōe-tàng khì.
* Thih-tê oan tī ô͘-ê chúi-bóe bô-jōa-hn̄g ê só͘-chāi, Colorado hô oat 1-ê 180° ê oan kan-na thih-bé-tê ê hêng. Ū lō͘ thang peh khì soaⁿ-téng khoàⁿ sai-chiò-jı̍t, mā ōe-tàng ùi koh-khah chúi-bóe ê Lees bé-thâu chē-chûn khì iû-lám.
* Glen kiap chúi-pà ê pān-kong-se̍k ū chhōa-lâng khì chham-koan chùi-pà lōe-pō͘, m̄-bián khioh-chîⁿ.

Lake Powell Map

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|  | Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: ***Category:Lake Powell*** |
| ?**Âng-hoe iá-khan-gû** |
| --- |
| Âng-hoe iá-khan-gû ê hoe |
| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê hun-lūi** |
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|  Kài: | Plantae |
|  A-kài: | Tracheobionta |
|  Mn̂g: | Magnoliophyta |
|  Kong: | Magnoliopsida |
|  A-kong: | Asteridae |
|  Ba̍k: | Solanales |
|  Kho: | Convolvulaceae |
|  Sio̍k: | *Ipomoea* |
|  Chéng: | ***I. tribola*** |

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| **Siang-bêng-hoat** |
| ***Ipomoea tribola***? |

**Âng-hoe iá-khan-gû** (Hàn-jī: 紅花野牽牛; Eng-gí: red flower morning-glory; ha̍k-miâ: *Ipomoea triloba*) kui-sio̍k-î soân-hoe-kho (*Convolvulaceae*), sī chi̍t-nî-seng, soan-tîn-sèng, chháu-chit tîn-pún si̍t-bu̍t. Tī Tâi-oân i hun-pò͘ tī tiong-pō͘ kap lâm-pō͘ ê pêⁿ-tē iá-gōa kap kē hái-poat soaⁿ-khu, seⁿ tī chhiū-nâ-á piⁿ-á, lō͘-piⁿ, pha-hng-tē. I kah-ì kui-kang he̍k-chiá-sī pòaⁿ-kang ū ji̍t ê khoân-kéng. 

Kui-nî-thàu-tang lóng-ū khui-hoe. I-ê hoe chiâⁿ kiaⁿ ji̍t-thâu-kng, ji̍t-thâu chi̍t pha̍k toh ha̍p--khí-lâi, kan-taⁿ tī tháu-chá he̍k-chiá-sī bô-ji̍t ê só͘-chāi chiah ē-tàng khòaⁿ tio̍h hoe khui. Iah-m̄-koh i-ê hoe ē-tàng tòng 3~7 kang, sǹg-sī khan-gû-hoe-lūi lāi-té hoe-lúi siū-miāⁿ siāng-tn̂g--ê.

Hêng-thāi
---------

Hio̍h-á sī lio̍h-lio̍h-á khah khoah he̍k-chiá-sī khah îⁿ ê sim-hêng; hio̍h-á ê pian-iân sī choân-iân, chho͘ ê kí-á-khí-iân, he̍k-chiá-sī 3 ê chhim-lia̍t.

Hoe sio̍k-î ha̍p-pān-hoe hit-khoán sī lah-pah-hêng; hoe-sek hún-âng-á-sek, lah-pah lāi-té chí-âng-sek; hoe ê ti̍t-kèng 1~2 mm; hoe ùi hio̍h-á ê kòe-hiⁿ-khang seⁿ-chhut, chū-sàn-hoe-sū (聚繖花序); chhû-hiông-kang-tu, hiông-lúi ū 5 lúi, chú-pâng ū iù-mo͘.

Kóe-chí sī kiû-hêng ê sok-kó (蒴果), ti̍t-kèng 0.5~0.7 cm, ū iù-mo͘, chéng-chí sī o͘-sek--ê.

Tô͘
---

* Kui-châng
* Hawaiʻi
Britney Spears
**Britney Jean Spears** (1981 nî 12 goe̍h 2 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê koa-chhiú.

Chhut-sin
---------

Spears sī Mississippi ê McComb chhut-sì--ê, pē-bú sī Lynne Irene Bridges kap James Parnell Spears. I bú-hē ê a-má sī Eng-lân-lâng. Saⁿ-hòe sî, Spears tio̍h ùi i só͘ khiā-khí ê Louisiana ê Kentwood siâⁿ siōng-khò o̍h thiàu-bú. I tùi sè-hàn sî tio̍h tiāⁿ chham-ka chiū lāi ê ta̍t-jîn-sió͘ (*talent show*).

8-hòe sî, i kap lāu-bú Lynne chò-hóe kòe Georgia ê Atlanta siâⁿ chham-ka *The Mickey Mouse Club* sin pán chhì-ián, sui-jiân hông kī-choat m̄-koh hông kài-siàu khí New York City ê châi-gē gia̍p-bū Nancy Carson. Him-sióng Spears siaⁿ-im ê Carson kiàn-gī ji̍p Choan-gia̍p Piáu-ián Gē-su̍t Ha̍k-hāu (*Professional Performing Arts School*), bô lōa kú Lynn chiō chhōa cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ sóa kòe New York.

Sū-gia̍p
--------

Spears ê thâu chi̍t tiuⁿ choan-chi̍p sī *...Baby One More Time*, 1999 nî 1 goe̍h 12 hoat-hêng.

Chham-chiàu
-----------

1. ↑  "Britney Spears, Teen Queen: Rolling Stone's 1999 Cover Story". *Rolling Stone*. 2011. January 22, 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.

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| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | 
* WorldCat Identities
* VIAF: 76495483
* LCCN: no99013919
* ISNI: 0000 0001 0989 8265
* GND: 122153472
* SELIBR: 366178
* SUDOC: 083986677
* BNF: cb13753469m (data)
* BIBSYS: 1012184
* MusicBrainz: 45a663b5-b1cb-4a91-bff6-2bef7bbfdd76
* NLA: 40040207
* NDL: 001094163
* NKC: jn20000701684
* BNE: XX1481465
* CiNii: DA13282889

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**Kî-hoàn** (奇幻), kó͘-chá kóng **iau-siūⁿ** (妖想), sī hi-kò͘ chok-phín ê chi̍t ê lūi-hêng, piáu-hiān ê hêng-sek ū sió-soat, tiān-iáⁿ, kòe-ōe, bān-ōe, kak-sek pān-ián iû-hì téng. In-ê kò͘-sū kiat-kò͘ thong-siông í sîn-ōe, chong-kàu kap kó͘-chá thoân-soat chò pōe-kéng siat-tēng, só͘-í ū in te̍k-pia̍t ê sè-kài-koan.

Kî-hoàn chok-phín ê kò͘-sū pōe-kéng thong-siông hoat-seng tī hām hiān-si̍t sè-kài kui-lu̍t bô-kāng ê kè-khang sè-kài tiong, he̍k-chiá sī tī hiān-si̍t tē-kiû tiong ka-ji̍p chhiau-chū-jiân ê in-sò͘. Kî-hoàn chit-chióng tê-châi chham kho-hoàn, khióng-pò͘, tông-ōe téng ū koan-hē, m̄-koh bô-kāng. Kî-hoàn ê te̍k-tiám sī sîn-ōe-sek ê sióng-siōng kap thàm-soh. Sîn-ōe thoân-soat in-ūi goân-chū bîn-kan thoân-soat, bô sio̍k tī kî-hoàn, tān-sī in sī kî-hoàn chok-phín ê
tiōng-iàu lêng-kám lâi-goân.

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| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | 
* LCCN: sh85047114
* NDL: 00979784

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Ē-ham chiàⁿ-pêng éng-kiú-khí, ùi koân-téng khoàⁿ--lo̍h-khì
**Mn̂g-khí** (Eng-gí: incisor), koh kiò-chòe **chhiat-khí**, sī ī-hêng-khí (*heterodont*) chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t ê tē-1-khoán chhùi-khí. Tī chiâⁿ-chē chháu-si̍t-sèng (*herbivorous*) kap cha̍p-si̍t-sèng (*omnivorous*) ê chhī-ni-tōng-bu̍t, chhan-chhiūⁿ jîn-lūi kap bé-á, in-ê mn̂g-khí ián-hòa chòe píⁿ-píⁿ-po̍h-po̍h, chhiat-toan lāi-lāi ê gōa-hêng, hó lâi chhiat-tn̄g chia̍h-mi̍h. Tī niau-kho-tōng-bu̍t, in-ê mn̂g-khí khah-bô ēng--tio̍h, lóng-sī ēng kak-khí kap carnassial lâi thiah-kā. Chhiūⁿ ê mn̂g-khí í-keng ián-hòa chòe tn̂g-loh-loh ê chiam-gê, hō-chòe chhiūⁿ-gê. Gia̍t-khí-tōng-bu̍t (*rodent*), chhan-chhiūⁿ niáu-chhí-á, in-ê mn̂g-khí ti̍t-ti̍t hoat-tn̂g, tio̍h-ài mî-nōa kheh mi̍h-kiāⁿ bôa-té mn̂g-khí lâi î-chhî sek-tòng ê tn̂g-tō·. 

Jîn-lūi ū 8 khí mn̂g-khí; ah
, niau-á, bé-á, kap chi̍t-kóa-á lêng-tióng-tōng-bu̍t ū 12 khí; gia̍t-khí-tōng-bu̍t ū 4 khí, tò·-á ū 8 khí.

Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
-----------------

* Media related to Incisors at Wikimedia Commons

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| * hián
* lūn
* pian
Gê-khí kái-phòa-ha̍k |
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| Beng-miâ-hoat | 
* Glossary of dentistry
* Universal Numbering System

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| Lâng ê chhùi-khí | 
* Éng-kiú-khí
	+ Mn̂g-khí
	+ Kak-khí
	+ Sió-āu-chan
	+ Āu-chan
* Ni-khí

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| Siōng-go̍k-kut ê chhùi-khí | 

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| Mn̂g-khí | 
* Chiàⁿ-mn̂g-khí
* Lateral incisor
* Canine

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| Sió-āu-chan | 
* First premolar
* Second premolar

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| Āu-chan | 
* First molar
* Second molar
* Tē-3 tōa-kiū-khí

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| Hā-go̍k-kut ê chhùi-khí | 

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| Mn̂g-khí | 
* Central incisor
* Lateral incisor
* Canine

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| Sió-āu-chan | 
* First premolar
* Second premolar

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| Āu-chan | 
* First molar
* Second molar
* Tē-3 tōa-kiū-khí

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| Chhùi-khí ê kok-pō͘-hūn | 

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| Crown | 
* Cusp
	+ Cusp of Carabelli
* Zuckerkandl's tubercle

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* Khí-chhoé
* Kin-kńg tī-liâu
	+ Apical foramen

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* Cementoenamel junction
* Khí-iū-chit
* Dental-enamel junction
* Khí-pún-chit
* Dental papilla

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* Mamelon

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* Dental alveolus

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| Sìn-kù khòng-chè | 
* GND: 4179857-0

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**Se-chōng Ông-kok** (བོད་) ia̍h-sī **Bod Ông-kok**, sī Se-chōng tī 1912 nî kàu 1951 nî chi-kan si̍t-chè chûn-chāi ê 1-ê to̍k-li̍p chèng-tī si̍t-thé. Chiah kok-kâ hō͘ Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok kiò chè „Se-chōng Tē-hng" (西藏地方), m̄-kè Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chèng-hú bô-hoat-tō͘ thóng-tī i.

1912 nî, Hàn-tē (漢地) hoat-seng Sin-hāi Kek-bēng, Boán-chheng bia̍t-bông, sêng-li̍p Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok. Dalai Lama 13-sè tī Lhasa soan-pò͘ Se-chōng to̍k-li̍p. Chiah kok-kâ tī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn ê sî-hāu kap Nazi Tek-kok, Tāi-ji̍t-pún Tè-kok ê koan-hē bē-bái.

1950 nî, Tiong-kok Jîn-bîn Kái-hòng-kun hoat-tōng Chamdo Chiàn-e̍k, Se-chōng hō͘ i phah su. Dalai Lama 14-sè phài lâng khì Liân-ha̍p-kok khòng-kò Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok „chhim-lio̍k", m̄-kò bô lâng chhap i. 1951 nî, Se-chōng chèng-hú kap Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok chèng-hú chhiam-tēng Cha̍p-chhit-tiâu hia̍p-gī, chèng-sek tâu-hâng, kái chè Tiong-kok ê Se-chōng Chū-tī-khu.

Koh Khoàⁿ
---------

* Se-chōng to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng
* Chōng-jîn Hêng-chèng Tiong-iong
| ?Âng-bûn-hún-tia̍p |
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| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |
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| Kài: | Animalia |
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| Mn̂g: | Arthropoda |
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| Kong: | Insecta |
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| Bo̍k: | Lepidoptera |
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| Chhiau-kho: | Papilionoidea |
| Kho: | Pieridae |
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| Sio̍k: | *Delias* |
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| Chéng: | ***D. hyparete*** |
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| Ha̍k-miâ |
| ***Delias hyparete***Linnaeus, 1758 |
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**Âng-bûn-hún-tia̍p** (Hàn-jī: 紅紋粉蝶; ha̍k-miâ: *Delias hyparete*) sī 1 khoán ô·-tia̍p. I ê si̍t-kó· thí-khui ū 60 kàu 70 mm. Kang--ê ê si̍t-kó· piáu-bīn té-sek sī pe̍h-sek, koân-téng-si̍t-kó· ê thâu-chêng-gōa-kháu oat-kak hit-tah kap ē-kha-si̍t-kó· gōa-kháu pian-iân ū o·-sek ê pan; ē-kha-si̍t-kó· pak-tó· hit-bīn ū n̂g-sek, pe̍h-sek, o·-sek, kap âng-sek ê pan kap sòaⁿ-bûn. Bó--ê ê si̍t-kó· piáu-bīn o·-sek ê pan khah-chē, si̍t-me̍h ê só·-chāi lóng-sī o·-sek--ê. Sêng-thâng (tōa-hàn-thâng) chhut-hiān tī chhun-thiⁿ kàu chhiu-thiⁿ ê kùi-chiat, jo̍ah--lâng ê sî ū koh-khah chia̍p-khòaiⁿ; ji̍t--sî chhut-lâi chhōe-chia̍h, chháu-si̍t-sèng (chia̍h-chhài--ê) kah-ì pài-hóng hoe-lúi khip-si̍t hoe-bi̍t; tī chháu-châng khoân-kéng o̍ah-tōng kap hioh-khùn; seng-o̍ah tī kē-hái-po̍at kàu tiong-hái-po̍at ê soaⁿ-khu.