**Superzavr** (lotincha: *Supersaurus*) – ulkan sauropodomorf dinozavr, qazilma qoldiqlari Kolorado (AQSh) yura davrining boshlarida topilgan. Nomi „super kertenkele" („super kertenkele") deb tarjima qilingan. Bir nechta qovurgʻa, skapula, tos suyagi, oyoq-qoʻl qoldiqlari va umurtqalari mavjud. Superzavr qoldiqlari turli avlodlarga tegishli boʻlishi mumkin. Superzavrning uzunligi 33–34 metr, ogʻirligi 35–40 tonnaga yaqin boʻlgan; boshqa manbalarda aytilishicha, uning uzunligi 39 m va hatto 42 m ga yetgan.

Taksonomiya
-----------

 Superzavr vertebra
Bu taksonomiya uzoq va juda murakkab tarixga ega. 1970-yillarda Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlarda superzavr suyaklari bilan bir vaqtda bir nechta boshqa qazilma suyaklar topilgan, amerikalik paleontolog J. A. Jensen (inglizcha: *James A.Jensen*) ularni *Ultrasaurus macintoshi* deb taʼriflamoqchi boʻlgan, bu haqda u oʻz hamkasblariga xabar bergan (Ilmiy adabiyotlarda ham, ommaviy axborot vositalarida ham koʻp nomlar mavjud). Ammo tadqiqotchi shoshqaloq qilmagan, balki yangi topilmalarni kutishga qaror qilgan. Keyin Koreyada ular nomi maʼlum bomagan suyaklarni topdilar (ular humerusni femur deb adashib, butun dinozavrning taxminiy hajmini oshirib yuborishgan) va uni ultrazavrning yangi turi sifatida taʼriflashgan (*Ultrasaurus tabriensis Kim, 1983*-yil).

 Hajmi boʻyicha: Argentinosaurus (toʻq qizil, 35 m), Mamensisaurus (yashil, 35 m), **Superzavr** (toʻq sariq, 33 m), Diplodocus (binafsha, 33 m), Futalognosaurus (och koʻk, 30 m)
 Shimoliy Amerika qadimiy triklik muzeyidagi superzavr skeleti.
Deyarli bir vaqtning oʻzida (1985-yil) Jensen yangi *Superzavr vivianae*, *Dystylosaurus edwini* va *Ultrasaurus macintoshi* turlarini tasvirlab bergan. Paleontolog Jorj Olshewski ikki xil dinozavrlar bir xil nom bilan atalganligini payqab, 1991-yilda „Amerikaliklarning" nomi „Koreyaliklarniki" bilan chalkashmaslik uchun bir harfni oʻzgartirib, „Ultrasauros" ga oʻzgartirgan.

Keyin maʼlum boʻlishicha, Amerika *Ultrasauros* mustaqil tur emas, balki kompozit ximera, va uning suyaklari aslida superzavrga tegishli boʻlgan. Xalqaro zoologik nomenklatura kodeksiga koʻra, *UltrasaurUs* nomi *nomen nudumni* aniq ilmiy manbasi boʻlmagan va keyinchalik boshqa bir-biriga yaqin tur bilan bir xil boʻlib qolishi mumkin, lekin takson va *Superzavr* oʻrtasida hech qanday umumiylik boʻlmagan. Kladogramma 2015-yil:


|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Amphicoelias altus* |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Apatosaurinae | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Unnamed species |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Apatosaurus ajax* |
|   |
|   | *Apatosaurus louisae* |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Brontosaurus excelsus* |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Brontosaurus yahnahpin* |
|   |
|   | *Brontosaurus parvus* |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |
| Diplodocinae | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Unnamed species |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Tornieria africana* |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Supersaurus lourinhanensis* |
|   |
|   | ***Supersaurus vivianae*** |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Leinkupal laticauda* |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Galeamopus hayi* |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Diplodocus carnegii* |
|   |
|   | *Diplodocus hallorum* |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Kaatedocus siberi* |
|   |
|   | *Barosaurus lentus* |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Diplodocidae | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Amphicoelias altus* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Apatosaurinae | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Unnamed species |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Apatosaurus ajax* |
|  |
|  | *Apatosaurus louisae* |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Brontosaurus excelsus* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Brontosaurus yahnahpin* |
|  |
|  | *Brontosaurus parvus* |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |
| Diplodocinae | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Unnamed species |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Tornieria africana* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Supersaurus lourinhanensis* |
|  |
|  | ***Supersaurus vivianae*** |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Leinkupal laticauda* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Galeamopus hayi* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Diplodocus carnegii* |
|  |
|  | *Diplodocus hallorum* |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Kaatedocus siberi* |
|  |
|  | *Barosaurus lentus* |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

Sinonimlar
----------

Ikki oʻxshash umumiy nomlar oʻrtasida farq boʻlishi kerak: takson Ultrasaurus Kim, 1983-yil (oxirgidan oldingi U; hozir Ultrasaurus) va Ultrasaurus Olshinsky, 1991-yil (oxirgidan oldingi O), hozirda Superzavr Jensen jinsining kichik sinonimi, 1985 yil.

Jins sinonimi oʻz ichiga quidagilarni oladi:

* Dinheirosaurus Bonaparte & Mateus, 1999-yil
* Dystylosaurus Jensen, 1985-yil
* Ultrasauros Olshevsky, 1991-yil
* Ultrasaurus Jensen, 1985-yil non Kim, 1983-yil

Qoʻshimcha maʼlumotlar
----------------------

* Ultrazavr
* Seysmosaurus

Adabiyotlar
-----------

* J. A. Jensen 1985-yil. Kolorado davri boshidagi uchta yangi sauropod dinozavrlari. *Buyuk havza tabiatshunosi* **45** : 697–709.

Manbalar
--------

1. ↑  Lovelace D. M. Hartman S. A. and Wahl W. R. 2007. Morphology of a specimen of Supersaurus (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Morrison Formation of Wyoming, and a re-evaluation of diplodocid phylogeny. *Arquivos do Museu Nacional* **65**(4): 527—544.
2. ↑  Superzavr: uchyonie nashli samogo dlinnogo dinozavra za vsyu istoriyu Zemli
3. ↑  Supersaurus might be the longest dinosaur that ever lived
4. ↑  Tschopp, E. Mateus O. & Benson R. B. J. (2015). A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda). PeerJ. 3, e857. 4