**Ulkan doskada shaxmat** — bu 1996-yilda Ralf Betza tomonidan ixtiro qilingan katta shaxmat varianti. U 16×16 shaxmat taxtasida o‘ynaladi, har bir o‘yinchiga 16 ta dona (orqa safda) va 16 piyon (ikkinchi o‘rinda). Bunday taxtani toʻrtta standart 8×8 taxtani bir-biriga surish orqali yasash mumkinligi sababli, Betza ushbu variantga **toʻrtta taxtali** shaxmat yoki **toʻrtta taxtada shaxmatning** muqobil nomlarini ham berdi.

Oʻyin tavsifi
-------------

Shaxmatning standart qoidalari quyidagi hollar bundan mustasno.

* Oʻyin yuqorida koʻrsatilgan boshlangʻich pozitsiyasi bilan 16 × 16 doskada oʻynaladi.
* Koʻchirilmagan piyon bir qadam, taxtaning oʻrtasigacha (16 × 16 doskada, sakkizinchi daraja) yoki ular orasidagi har qanday narsani siljitishi mumkin. Shunday qilib, 1.i8 qonuniy ochilish harakati va 1.i3, 1.i4, 1.i5, 1.i6 va 1.i7. Birinchi marta koʻchib oʻtgandan soʻng, u bir vaqtning oʻzida faqat bir qadam tashlashi mumkin. (8×8 doska boʻlsa, bu standart shaxmat bilan bir xil). *Piyonning* bunday uzoq davom etishi harakatlanayotgan piyodani dushman piyoni tomonidan oʻtgan maydonlardan birida toʻxtagandek tutib olish imkonini beradi.
* Kastingda qoʻrgʻon shaxmatda boʻlgani kabi bir xil masofani bosib oʻtadi. Shunday qilib, shoh yanada koʻproq harakat qiladi; agar u qirollik tomonda joylashgan boʻlsa, u ikkinchi oʻngdagi faylda tugaydi va agar u queenside boʻlsa, uchinchi chap faylda tugaydi. 16×16 doskada 0-0 n-faylda rookni va o-faylda qirolni, 0-0-0 esa d-faylda va qirolni c-faylda qoldiradi.
* 50 ta harakat qoidasi kamida 100 ta harakat qoidasiga aylanadi. Odatda, agar taxtaning har bir oʻlchami *n* ga koʻpaytirilsa, oʻyin uchun daʼvolar mumkin boʻlgunga qadar ruxsat etilgan qoʻlga kiritilmaydigan yoki garovga olinmaydigan harakatlar soni ham kamida *n* ga koʻpaytirilishi kerak.
* Ortodoksal qismlar saqlanib qolsa-da, har xil harakatlanadigan qoʻshimcha peri shaxmat qismlari mavjud. Ularning harakatlari quyida Ralf Betzaning "kulgili yozuvi "yordamida berilgan. Jismoniy oʻyinda ushbu olti turdagi ertak qismlari mos kelmaydigan shaxmat toʻplamlari boʻlaklari bilan ifodalanishi mumkin. Eʼtibor bering, Betza diagrammalar uchun peri qismlari uchun piktogramma yoki dizaynni belgilamagan, aksincha ularni ifodalash uchun harflardan foydalangan: bu erda diagrammalarda arxiyepiskop va kansler uchun umumiy renderlar, atirgul uchun teskari ritsar va qolgan uchtasi uchun Omega shaxmat donalari ishlatilgan. ertak qismlari turlari.


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| **FD** (single-letter symbol **D**). Moves as ferz or dabbaba. (This is the *kirin* from chu shogi.) Can jump for all moves. In his *The Encyclopedia of Chess Variants*, David Pritchard calls this piece a **unicorn**. |

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| **WFA** (single-letter symbol **W**). Moves as king or alfil. Can jump for all moves. In his *The Encyclopedia of Chess Variants*, David Pritchard calls this piece an **elephant**. |

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| Superknight (**NLJ**; single-letter symbol **J**). Moves as knight, camel, or zebra. Can jump for all moves. Known as the *buffalo* in the fairy chess tradition. |

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| Archbishop (**NB**; single-letter symbol **A**). Moves as bishop or knight. Can jump for knight moves. Known as the *princess* in the fairy chess tradition. |

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| Chancellor (**RN**; single-letter symbol **C**). Moves as rook or knight. Can jump for knight moves. Known as the *empress* in the fairy chess tradition. |

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Betza atirgulni oʻzining dastlabki sozlashiga kiritdi, chunki u katta taxta uchun juda mos boʻlgan buyum: u oʻzining toʻliq quvvatini 13×13 dan kichikroq taxtalarda koʻrsata olmaydi. Bundan tashqari, uning allaqachon katta harakati hali ham butun maydon boʻylab yetib bora olmaydi, bu esa oʻyinning katta tuygʻusiga hissa qoʻshadi va chavandozlar uzoq masofadan hujum qilish qobiliyatiga ega.

Tarixi
------

Haqiqatan ham katta doskadagi shaxmat Betzaning uch oʻlchamli shaxmat haqidagi gʻoyalari natijasi sifatida yaratilgan, chunki u 3D shaxmat uchun 8×8×8 oʻlchamdagi doskada 512 boʻsh joy boʻladi, bu avvalgi shaxmatning har qanday katta versiyasidan koʻra koʻproq. ixtiro qilingan; keyin u ikki oʻlchamli juda katta (yoki uning soʻzi bilan aytganda, „ulkan") shaxmat oʻyinlarini, asosan, 16 × 16 doskada koʻrib chiqdi, chunki bunday taxtani qurish uchun nostandart jihozlar kerak emas va 8 × dan ancha kattaroq. 8 doska, u oʻynab boʻlmaydigan oʻyin qilish uchun unchalik katta emas edi. Oxir-oqibat, bu gʻoya haqiqatan ham katta taxtada shaxmatning 16 × 16 × 16 oʻlchamli uch oʻlchamli versiyasini ishlab chiqishda toʻliq aylanib chiqdi va u buni „mumkin boʻlmagan darajada katta" deb atadi.

Oʻyin jarayoni
--------------

Betza oʻzining asarlar tanlashini „asosiy geometrik harakatlarning juda oddiy va mantiqiy tanlovi" deb taʼrifladi, bundan tashqari, mening oʻziga xos atirgulni parchalar qatoriga qoʻshish haqidagi oʻziga xos talabim bundan mustasno. Bular asosan shaxmatning asosiy birliklari va 32 donadan iborat [16×16] oʻyinni loyihalashtirgan har bir kishi, hech boʻlmaganda, shaxmatga oʻxshab, lekin biroz taktik boʻlishini istasa, shunga oʻxshash narsani oʻylab topishi kerak". Aslida, uning asl rejasi WA ni qoʻshimcha FD bilan birga kiritish edi, ammo bu c- va n-piyonlarni dastlabki holatda himoyasiz qoldiradi. Uning yakuniy bahosiga koʻra, oʻyin „aniqroq shaxmatga oʻxshaydi".

Betza qismlarni uchta sinfga ajratdi: ettita uzoq masofali qismlar (rooks, episkoplar, qirolicha, arxiyepiskop va kansler), ikkita oʻrta masofali boʻlaklar (atirgul va super ritsar) va oltita qisqa masofali boʻlaklar (ritsarlar, FDlar). va WFA). Uning fikricha, qisqa masofali toʻplar, garchi eng zaif boʻlsa-da, juda muhim, chunki ular harakatga kirishish uchun vaqt talab etadi, ammo hujumlar uchun maxsus chiziqlarni ochish uchun juda muhimdir.




### Oxirgi oʻyin

Standart asosiy shaxmatchilar (malika, kalxat, ikkita episkop yoki episkop va ritsar) barchasini 16 × 16 taxtada majburlash mumkin, ammo ularni bajarish uchun koʻproq vaqt talab etiladi. Masalan, episkop va ritsar 8×8 o‘lchamli doskada har qanday g‘alaba qozonish mumkin bo‘lgan pozitsiyadan 33 ta harakat davomida juftlasha olsa, 16×16 doskada 93 tagacha harakat qilish mumkin. Misol uchun, agar Oqning a1 da qirol, b1 da ritsar va c1 da episkop boʻlsa, qoraning c2 da faqat qirol boʻlsa, Oq 92 da juftlikni majburlashi mumkin:

**1.** **Bb2 Kb3 2.** **Bi9 Ka4 3.** **Kb2 Kb5 4.** **Kc3 Kc6 5.** **Kd4 Kd7 6.** **Ke5 Ke8 7.** **Kf6 Kf8 8.** **Kg6 Kg8 9.** **Bg11 Kf9 10.** **Kh7 Ke10 11.** **Kg8 Kf11 12.** **Bi9 Ke10 13.** **Kh9 Kd11 14.** **Kg10 Ke10 15.** **Bg11 Kd9 16.** **Kf9 Kc10 17.** **Ke10 Kc11 18.** **Ke11 Kc12 19.** **Nd2 Kd13 20.** **Ne4 Ke14 21.** **Nf6 Kf13 22.** **Kf11 Ke14 23.** **Ke12 Kd15 24.** **Kd13 Ke16 25.** **Ke14 Kd16 26.** **Nd7 Kc16 27.** **Ne9 Kb15 28.** **Kd15 Kb14 29.** **Bf10+ Kb15 30.** **Nd11 Ka16 31.** **Nc13 Kb16 32.** **Kd16 Ka15 33.** **Kc15 Ka16 34.** **Kc16 Ka15 35.** **Na12+ Ka16 36.** **Nb14 Ka15 37.** **Nd13 Ka14 38.** **Nc11 Ka13 39.** **Bc13 Ka14 40.** **Kc15 Ka13 41.** **Kc14 Ka14 42.** **Bd12 Ka13 43.** **Na10 Ka12 44.** **Kc13 Kb11 45.** **Nb12 Ka12 46.** **Kc12 Ka13 47.** **Be11 Ka12 48.** **Bf12 Ka13 49.** **Bc15 Ka12 50.** **Nd11 Ka11 51.** **Bf12 Ka12 52.** **Nc13 Ka11 53.** **Kc11 Ka10 54.** **Nd11 Ka9 55.** **Nb10 Kb9 56.** **Kb11 Ka9 57.** **Kc10 Ka10 58.** **Bg13 Ka11 59.** **Be15 Ka10 60.** **Nd9 Ka9 61.** **Bh12 Ka10 62.** **Nc11+ Ka9 63.** **Kc9 Ka8 64.** **Nd9 Kb7 65.** **Nb8 Ka7 66.** **Kc8 Ka8 67.** **Bg11 Ka9 68.** **Be13+ Ka8 69.** **Nd7 Ka7 70.** **Bh10 Ka8 71.** **Nc9 Ka7 72.** **Kc7 Ka6 73.** **Kc6 Ka7 74.** **Bd6 Ka6 75.** **Bc5 Ka5 76.** **Ne8 Ka4 77.** **Kd5 Kb3 78.** **Kd4 Kc2 79.** **Bb4 Kb3 80.** **Kc5 Ka2 81.** **Kc4 Kb1 82.** **Kc3 Kc1 83.** **Nd6 Kd1 84.** **Kd3 Kc1 85.** **Nc4 Kd1 86.** **Ba5 Kc1 87.** **Bd2 Kb1 88.** **Kc3 Ka2 89.** **Kc2 Ka1 90.** **Kb3 Kb1 91.** **Na3+ Ka1 92.** **Bc3#**
Bitta arxiyepiskop, kansler, WFA, yoki super ritsar (lekin atirgul emas) ham matni majburlashi mumkin. Turli xil rangdagi ikkita FD oʻz qirolining yordamisiz matni majburlashi mumkin.

16×16 oʻlchamli taxtada qirolichaga qarshi oʻyinning yakuniy oʻyini chizilgan. (Aslida, u odatda faqat 5 × 5 dan 15 × 15 kvadrat taxtalarda yutadi).


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| Skipping rook (**WDD**; single-letter symbol **W**). Moves as wazir or dabbaba-rider: in other words, a rook that skips every other square on its path and cannot be blocked there, or moves just one square. Betza called this piece a "skipping rook". |

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| Crooked bishop (**zB**; single-letter symbol **B**). This piece was the original inspiration for this game. It makes a 90° turn at each step and always moves away from its original position. Thus it could move from e4 to d5 to e6 to d7 to e8. It was previously invented by J. de A. Almay in the early 20th century as the *boyscout*, along with the *girlscout*, which moves as a crooked rook (e.g. from a1 to a2 to b2 to b3 to c3). |

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| Nightrider (**NN**; single-letter symbol **N**). Makes any number of knight moves in the same direction. The nightrider is to the knight as the queen is to the king. |

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| **GHFD** (single-letter symbol **H**). Moves as threeleaper, tripper, ferz, or dabbaba. Can jump for all moves. |

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| Gryphon (**t[FR]**; single-letter symbol **R**). Moves one step as a ferz, then continues outward as a rook. |

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Mumkin boʻlgan eng qisqa shashka.

**1.** **Wa13 i9 2.** **Wi13 Ai15 3.** **Wi12#**
Quadrupal check and mate bilan yakunlangan eng qisqa oʻyin.

**1.** **Wa3 Np8 2.** **Wi3 Nxm2 3.** **Al3 Nk1 4.** **Bn5 Nxi2 5.** **Rxi2 i9 6.** **Rh3 i8 7.** **Bh5 i7 8.** **Wi2+ i6 9.** **Axi6 h14 10.** **Ad11#**

Manbalar
--------

1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  Chess on a Really Big Board at *The Chess Variant Pages*
2. 1 2 3  Pritchard, D. B. „Chess on Four Boards",*. The Classified Encyclopedia of Chess Variants* Beasley:. John Beasley, 2007 — 143 bet. ISBN 978-0-9555168-0-1.
3. 1 2 3  Golden Age Chess on a Really Big Board at *The Chess Variant Pages*
4. ↑  3D Chess on a Really Big Board at *The Chess Variant Pages*
5. ↑  „KBN vs K checkmate on nonstandard boards". *Chess Stack Exchange*. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 8-noyabr.
6. ↑  Ideal Values and Practical Values (Part 6) by Ralph Betza, *The Chess Variant Pages*
7. ↑  The FD by Ralph Betza, *The Chess Variant Pages*
8. ↑  The contributions of Marc Bourzutschky to chess endgame knowledge, John Beasley (January 2015)