***Chov bitlashi*** (pediculus pubicus) — parazitlar, yaʼni xoʻjayinlarda yashashga moslashgan bitlar orqali vujudga keladigan yuqumli kasallik. Bitlar odamdan-odamga, uning oʻrin-koʻrpalari, kiyim-boshlari orqali oʻtadi va xoʻjasining qoni bilan oziqlanadi. Bir kunda 0,3-0,5 ml gacha qon soʻrishi mumkin. Bit qon soʻrganida odam terisiga yopishib olib, unga so iak chiqaradi va terini sensibilizatsiyalab qichitadi.

Tasnifi
-------

Phthiraptera tizimi ilgari ikkita alohida turkumdan iborat edi: Mallophaga (bit yeyuvchilar) va Anoplura (soʻruvchi bitlar). Filogenezda bu tizimni aks ettirishga intilish bu ikki turkumning safini Phthiraptera ichidagi oʻxshash qismlarini toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻrimos kelishiga, keyinroq esa bit va bitlarning barcha turkumlari saflarini tenglashtirishga olib keldi. Biz bugungi kunda toʻrtta guruhga ega boʻlgan oxirgi vaziyatni kuzatamiz: Amblycera, Ischnocera, Rhynchophthirina va Anoplura. Suborderlar doirasidagi oilalar tizimi ancha barqaror. Biroq, Ischnocera tizimi haqidagi qarashlar barqaror emas: baʼzi oilalar va hatto avlodlar para yoki polifiletik deb taxmin qilinadi va turlarning katta qismi boʻlgan Philopteridae oilasiga birlashtirishga olib keldi.

1. Amblycera tartibi

* Boopiidae (Avstraliya marsupiallari)
* Gyropidae (kemiruvchilar)
* Laemobothriidae (zotli ot, laylaklar, kalxat)
* Menoponidae (qushlar)
* Ricinidae (kolibri, passeriformes)
* Trimenoponidae (Janubiy Amerika marsupiallari, kemiruvchilar)

2. Ischnocera tartibi

* Goniodidae (qushlar)
* Heptapsogasteridae (qushlar)
* „Philopteridae" (qushlar) (*Harrisoniella hopkinsi*)
* Trichodectidae (Yo'ldoshli sutemizuvchilar)
* Trichophilopteridae (lemurlar, indriaceae)

3. Rhynchophthirina tartibi

* Haematomyzidae (fillar, cho'chqalar 2-turi)

4. Anoplura tartibi

* Echinophthiriidae (pinnipeds, sansar)
* Enderleinellidae (sincap)
* Haematopinidae (tuyoqli hayvonlar)
* Hamophthiriidae (jun qanotlilar)
* Hoplopleuridae (hasharotxoʻr hayvonlar, kemiruvchilar, quyonlar, Primatlar)
* Hybothiridae (Yumronqoziqlar)
* Linognathidae (tuyoqli hayvonlar, it, girakslar)
* Microthoraciidae (Tuyalar)
* Neolinognathidae (jumperlar)
* Pecaroecidae
* Pedicinidae (marmoset maymunlari)
* Pediculidae (dumli maymunlar va odamsimon maymunlar)
* Pthiridae (odamsimon maymunlar)
* Polyplacidae (kemiruvchilar, hasharotxoʻr hayvonlar, Primatlar, Quyonlar)
* Ratemiidae (ot)


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| **Psocodea** | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Troctomorpha | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Phthiraptera** | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Philopteridae |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Anoplura |
|   |
|   | Rhynchophthirina |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | Trichodectidae |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | Amblycera |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | Liposcelididae |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Pachytroctidae |
|   |
|   | Sphaeropsocidae |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | Amphientometae |
|   |

 |
|   |
| Psocomorpha | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Homilopsocidea |
|   |
|   | Caeciliusetae |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Psocetae |
|   |
|   | Epipsocetae |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | Philotarsetae |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | Archipsocetae |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |
| Trogiomorpha | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Atropetae |
|   |
|   | Psyllipsocetae |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | Prionoglaridetae (paraphyletic) |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |


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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Psocodea** | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Troctomorpha | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Phthiraptera** | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Philopteridae |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Anoplura |
|   |
|   | Rhynchophthirina |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | Trichodectidae |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | Amblycera |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | Liposcelididae |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Pachytroctidae |
|   |
|   | Sphaeropsocidae |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | Amphientometae |
|   |

 |
|   |
| Psocomorpha | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Homilopsocidea |
|   |
|   | Caeciliusetae |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Psocetae |
|   |
|   | Epipsocetae |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | Philotarsetae |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | Archipsocetae |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |
| Trogiomorpha | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Atropetae |
|   |
|   | Psyllipsocetae |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | Prionoglaridetae (paraphyletic) |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

Turlari
-------

Bitlar 3 xil boʻladi: **bosh biti** (Pediculus capitis), **kiyim biti** (Pediculus
corporis) va **chov biti** (Pediculus pubis) uchraydi.
Chov biti kulrang-qora tusda boʻlib, junlarning asosiga mahkam
yopishib oladi. Bitlar asosan, qov, qorin va sonning chegara qismlaridagi
terida yashaydi, lekin baʼzan oʻrmalab, tananing jun bilan qoplangan
boshqa qismlariga (qoʻltiq, koʻkrak, soqol, kiprik, qoshga) oʻtib oladi.
Bu hasharotlar odatda jinsiy aloqa vaqtida bir odamdan ikkinchi odamga
oʻtadi, ammo ichki kiyim, oʻrin-koʻrpa jildlari orqali ham oʻtishi mumkin.
Bugungi kunda bitlashning bu turi jinsiy yoʻ1 bilan yuquvchi kasalliklar
guruhiga kiritilgan.

Patogenezi
----------

Bitlar chaqqanda, qattiq qichishish yuzaga kelib, koʻp sonli uzunchoq
tirnalishlar (ekskoriatsiya), shilinishlar hosil boʻlib, ikkilamchi infeksiyalar
tushishiga yoʻl ochadi. Chov sathida — bitlar chaqqan joylarda oldin
qizil rangli ekximoz toshmasi, keyin vaqt oʻtgach, rangi oʻzgarib, kulrang,
yumaloq shaklda, ustidan bosganda yoʻqolmaydigan dogʻlar hosil
boʻladi. Dogʻ ooʻrtasida nuqtadek eroziya — bit qon soʻrgan oʻrni turadi.
Dogʻlar odatda 7-10 kun saqlanib turadi. Bit chaqqan joy terisi qattiq
qichishib, shu sohalarda tirnalishlar paydo boʻladi va butunligi buzilgan
teri yuzasiga ikkilamchi piodermiya va ular bilan bir qatorda, boshqa
jinsiy aloqa yoʻli bilan infeksiyalar ham yuqtirilishining
ehtimoli yuqori boiadi.

Tashxisi
--------

* -surishtiruv;
* -anamnez;
* -shubxali joylarga borganligi
* — aniq klinik belgilari;
* — terida chov biti topilishi.

Davolash
--------

— davolashdan oldin jinsiy a ’zolar, anus atrofi va boshqa sohalardagi
junlar qirib tashlanadi.
— 2-3 kun 10 % li simobli malham, 20 % li benzilbenzoat, oltingugurt
malhami.
Ichki kiyim va koʻrpa-toʻshak jildlari dezinfeksiyalanadi yoki sovun
bilan issiq suvda yuvilib, almashtiriladi yoki 10 % li sovunli-solvent pastaʼi
eritm ad a bir necha soat saqlanadi va keyin quyoshda q u ritilib, dazmollanadi. Xuddi shu eritmaning 20 % ligi xonalarni tozalash uchun
ishlatiladi.
Bitlashning oldini olish va profilaktikasi. Bitlashning oldini olish, asosan,
aholining moddiy farovonligi va sanitariya madaniyatini oshirishga
qaratilgan chora-tadbirlar ishlab chiqish va uni hayotga tatbiq etishdan
iborat. Shaxsiy gigiyenaga rioya qilish: choyshab, ichki kiyim, oʻrin-koʻrpa
jildlarini har haftada almashtirib turish, yuvilgan kiyimlarni dazmollab
kiyish, birovlarning oʻrnida yotmaslik, oiladan chetda va tasodifan jinsiy
aloqa qilmaslik talab etiladi.

Yana qarang
-----------

* Husnbuzar

Manbalar
--------

1. ↑   de Moya, Robert S; Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Walden, Kimberly K O; Sweet, Andrew D; Dietrich, Christopher H; Kevin P, Johnson (2021-06-16). Buckley, Thomas (ed.). „Phylogenomics of Parasitic and Nonparasitic Lice (Insecta: Psocodea): Combining Sequence Data and Exploring Compositional Bias Solutions in Next Generation Data Sets". Systematic Biology. 70 (4): 719-738. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syaa075. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 32979270.
2. ↑  
 Vaisov, Atham. Teri va tanosil kasalliklari, 2009, Toshkent — 126 bet. ISBN 978-9943-08-299-1.
3. ↑   Smith, V.S. (2001). Avian louse phylogeny (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera): a cladistic study based on morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 132: 81-144
4. ↑   „Catalogue of Life, Phthiraptera Haeckel, 1896". 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
5. ↑   Vaisov, Atham. teri va tanosil kasalliklari, 2009, Toshkent: Yangi asr avlodi — 129 bet. ISBN 978-9943-08-299-1.
6. ↑   A.M. Mannonov, Q.N.Xaitov. Oddiy husnbuzar, 2016, Toshkent: «IQTISOD-MOLIYA». ISBN 978-9943-13-601-4.