Go oyununda pek çok özel terim vardır. Dünyanın pek çok yerinde olduğu gibi, Türkiye'de de bu terimlerin genellikle Japoncaları kullanılır.

Terimler
--------

### Dame

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| 9x9 tahtada bir oyunun sonu. Kırmızı ile gösterilen noktalar *damedir*. |

Oyun sonunda iki tarafın yaşayan grupları arasında yer alan, dolayısıyla her iki tarafa da puan kazandırmayan noktalar. Eğer Japon kuralları kullanılıyorsa, bu noktalara oynamak skoru doğrudan etkilemez; ancak dameleri *doldurmak* rakibi kendi alanı içinde oynamaya zorlayarak dolaylı olarak puan kazanılmasını sağlayabilir. Örneğin, şekilde sol alt köşedeki dame doldurulunca siyah *a* noktasında oynamak zorunda kalır.

Bu terim oyunun başında ve ortasında her iki tarafın ortak kontrolünde olan ve üzerinde oynanması bir yarar getirmeyecek noktalar için de kullanılır.

### Damezumari

Nefes alma noktalarının azlığı: Bir grubun nefes alma noktalarının yetersiz olması ve bu nedenle yapılmak istenen bir hamlenin yapılamaması.

### Duvar

Tahta üzerinde birbiriyle bağlantılı uzun bir grup taşın oluşturduğu şekil. Bir duvarı kesmek genellikle zordur ve duvarın varlığı tahta üzerinde etkisini uzaklarda bile hissettirebilir.

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| Beyaz köşeyi işgal ederken, siyah dışarıya bakan bir duvar elde ediyor. |

### Fuseki

Oyunun başlangıç kısmı, satrançta *açılış* terimine karşılık gelen go terimi. Bazı açılışların özel isimleriyle anılır: Shusaku açılışı, Çin açılışı, *sanrensei* açılışı gibi.

### Goban ve goban üzerindeki özel noktalar

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| a – *hoşi*; b – *tengen*; c – *go no go*; d – *san san*; e – *komoku*; f – *takamoku*; g – *ōtakamoku*; h – *mokuhazuşi*; i – *ōmokuhazuşi* |

Go oyununun üzerinde oynandığı sehpa, masa veya tahtaya **goban** (Japonca: 碁盤) denir. Standart bir go tahtası yatay ve dikey olarak birbiriyle keşişen 19'ar doğru parçasından oluşur, bunun dışında 13x13 ve 9x9 tahtalar da yaygın olarak kullanılır.

Goban üzerinde konumları itibarıyla özellikte açılışta önemli rol oynayan ve özel adlara sahip pek çok nokta vardır. Bunlardan bazıları:

* hoshi (星) veya yıldız noktası : Geleneksel olarak tahtada üzerine küçük bir işaret koyulan noktalar. Bunlar ya
	+ Köşelerdeki (4, 4) noktaları, ya da
	+ Kenarlardaki (4, 10) ve (10, 4) noktalarıdır.
* tengen (天元): Tahtanın merkezindeki (10, 10) noktası.
* go no go (五の五): Köşedeki (5, 5) noktası.
* san san (三々): Köşedeki (3, 3) noktası.
* komoku (小目): Köşedeki (4, 3) veya (3, 4) noktası.
* takamoku (高目): Köşedeki (4, 5) veya (5, 4) noktası.
* ōtakamoku (大高目): Köşedeki (6, 4) veya (4, 6) noktası.
* mokuhazuşi (目外し): Köşedeki (3, 5) veya (5, 3) noktası.
* ōmokuhazuşi (大目外し): Köşedeki (6, 3) veya (3, 6) noktası.

Bu noktalardan bahsederken isimleri yerine, koordinatları da kullanılabilir.

### Hane

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| *Beyazın yaptığı bir hane* |

Bir ya da bir dizi taşın *çevresinden dolanmak* anlamına gelen go terimi. Rakibin taşına bitişik, kendi taşına çapraz olarak oynanan hamle.

### Joseki

Genellikle köşe açılışlarında kullanılan, takibedildiği zaman her iki taraf için de adil sonuçlara yol açan hamle dizisi.

### Ko ve ko tehdidi

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| *Ko:* Beyaz kırmızı ile gösterilen noktada oynamadan önce, başka bir yerde oynamak zorundadır. |

Go oyununun kuralları gereği, tahta üzerindeki bir konum tekrar edilemez. Taraflardan biri rakibin bir taşını aldıktan hemen sonra, taşı alınan oyuncu bir önceki konumun oluşmasına yol açacak hamleyi yapamaz, önce tahtanın başka bir yerinde oynamak zorundadır. Bu duruma **ko** denir. Böyle bir hamleyi yapabilmek için tahtanın başka tarafında yanıtlanması gereken bir hamle yapılabilir. Böyle hamlelere **ko tehdidi** denilir.

### Komi

Siyahın oyuna başlaması nedeniyle, beyazın puanlarına oyun sonunda yapılan ekleme. Genellikle bu 4.5 ya da 5.5 puandır.

### Kuşatma yarışı

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| Her iki tarafın da dörder nefes alma noktası olan bir kuşatma yarışı. |

**Kuşatma yarışı**, ele geçirme yarışı ya da Japonca *semeai* (攻め合い) her ikisi de öldürülebilecek, birbirine komşu iki grup arasında ortaya çıkan durumdur. Böyle bir durumda genellikle karşı tarafa ilk atari veren yarışı kazanır.

Çok temel bir kavram ve sık raslanılan bir durum olmasına rağmen bazı kuşatma yarışlarının sonucunu hesaplamak kolay değildir. Kimi durumlarda nefes alma noktalarını artıran hamleleri ya da damezumari nedeniyle yapılması gereken hamleleri (yaklaşma hamleleri) de hesaba katmak gerekir.

### Maymun atlayışı

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| *Maymun atlayışı* |

İkinci sıradan birinci sıraya doğru yapılan, özellikle oyunsonunda rakibin puanlarını azaltmayı amaçlayan bir manevra.

### Merdiven

**Merdiven**, (Japonca shichō:シチョウ) bir taş elegeçirme yöntemidir. Merdivenin her adımında, saldıran taraf rakibininin nefes alma noktalarını ikiden bire düşürür, kaçan taraf da birden ikiye çıkarır. Eğer kaçan tarafın uygun konumda bir destek taşı yoksa, bu kovalamaca tahtanın sonuna gelince taşların esir düşmesi ile son bulur. Merdivenden kaçılamıyorsa, atarideki taşı kurtarmaya çalışmadan bırakmak gerekir.

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| Siyah üçgen ile işaretlenmiş taşı esir etmek için bir merdiven başlatıyor. | Beyaz kaçmaya çalışırsa, siyah her hamlede atari vererek, beyazı ele geçirebilir. | Bir destek taşı (kare ile gösterilen) varsa, merdiven çalışmaz. Beyaz *a* noktasına oynayarak kaçabilir. |

### Miai

Tahta üzerinde aynı değerde, birbirine denk iki nokta. Bu noktalardan biri üzerinde taraflardan biri oynarsa, rakibinin de diğerini oynaması beklenir.

### Moyo

Goban üzerinde taraflardan birinin etkisinin kuvvetli ancak mutlak olmadığı bölge. Moyoya sahip taraf etkisini artırırsa burayı kendi alanı haline getirebilir. Tersi biçimde, karşı taraf moyoyu işgal ederse, işgalci taşlar saldırı altında kalacaklardır. Saldırı sonucunda bu taşlar öldürülebilir ya da küçük bir bölgede yaşamaya zorlanarak çevrelerinde bir duvar oluşturulabilir.

### Nefes alma noktası

Bir taşın veya taşın dahil olduğu grubun bulunduğu noktalara bitişik, üzerlerinde taş olmayan noktalar. Go oyununda nefes alma noktaları olmayan taşlar *ölür*, yani rakip tarafından ele geçirilir ve tahtadan kaldırılır. İstisna olarak, eğer bir oyuncu kendi grubunun son nefes alma noktasını doldururken rakibinin bir grubunun son nefes alma noktasını da dolduruyorsa, kendi grubu değil, rakibinin grubu ölür.

### Ponnuki

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| Siyahın a'daki taşı alarak yaptığı bir ponnuki. |

Rakibin bir taşını ele geçirilmesi ile ortaya çıkan, baklava biçimindeki şekil. Ponnuki genel olarak iyi ve kuvvetli bir şekil kabul edilir.

### Seki

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| Bir seki pozisyonu. |

**Seki** (Japonca: セキ) her iki tarafın da birbirini öldüremediği durumlara verilen addır. Kimi zaman *ortak yaşam* olarak da anılır. Bir seki pozisyonunda taraflardan biri diğerini öldürmeye çalışırsa, rakibine kendisini öldürme şansı vermek zorundadır.

### Sente ve Gote

İnisiyatifin elde tutulması haline, ya da inisiyatifin elde edilmesini sağlayan hamlelere **sente** denir. Genel olarak sente bir hamleye karşılık vermek gereklidir. Eğer bir hamleye karşılık vermek gerekmiyorsa, tahtanın başka bir yerinde oynamak (tenuki) dezavantajlı bir durum yaratmıyorsa, bu tür hamlelere **gote** denir.

Bir hamlenin sente ya da gote olması tek bir yanıt hamleye göre değil, ortaya çıkan hamle dizisine göre değerlendirilir. Yapılan bir hamleye yanıt vermek gerekiyorsa bile, ortaya çıkan zorunlu hamle dizisinin son hamlesini bu ilk hamleyi yapan taraf yaptıysa, bu hamle sente değil gote kabul edilir.

Bir pozisyonda taraflardan bir tanesi, örneğin beyaz) sente hamle yapabilerek avantaj elde edebiliyor, ancak siyah bunu yapamıyorsa, bu pozisyona *beyaz için sente* pozisyon denir.

### Tenuki

Rakibin hamlesine yanıt vermek yerine, tahtanın başka bir yerinde oynamak.

### Tesuji

Ustalık gerektiren, bulunması zor hamle. Bir konumdaki taktik olanakları ve taşları en verimli kullanan hamle.

### Tsuke

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| *Tsuke* |

Dokunma hamlesi, bir taşı rakibinin taşının hemen yanındaki noktaya koyma. Böyle hamleler genel olarak dokunulan taşı kuvvetlendirir, dolayısıyla saldırı sırasında tavsiye edilmez.

### Tsumego

(Japonca: 詰碁) Yaşam-ölüm problemleri. Bir konumdaki taşların ele geçirilip ele geçirilemeyeceğini belirleme ve bu belirlemenin yapılması gereken problemler.

Kaynakça
--------

1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  Muammer Şimşek, ODTÜ Alpar Kılınç Go Topluluğu. "Go Terimleri". 23 Haziran 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Ağustos 2013.
2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12  Sensei's Library
Dame 10 Kasım 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. (erişim tarihi: 5 Ağustos 2013),
Damezumari 3 Şubat 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. (erişim tarihi: 8 Ağustos 2013),
Go Board 6 Ekim 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. (erişim tarihi: 7 Ağustos 2013),
Ko 15 Ağustos 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. (erişim tarihi: 8 Ağustos 2013),
Monkey Jump 3 Şubat 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. (erişim tarihi: 8 Ağustos 2013),
Ladder 3 Şubat 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. (erişim tarihi: 8 Ağustos 2013),
Capturing race 3 Şubat 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. (erişim tarihi: 3 Ağustos 2013),
Moyo 3 Şubat 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. (erişim tarihi: 5 Ağustos 2013),
Sente 11 Ocak 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. (erişim tarihi: 4 Ağustos 2013),
Tsuke 3 Şubat 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. (erişim tarihi: 4 Ağustos 2013),
Tsumego 31 Temmuz 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. (erişim tarihi: 8 Ağustos 2013),
Wall 3 Şubat 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. (erişim tarihi: 8 Ağustos 2013)
maddeleri
3. ↑  İngilizce Wikipedia'daki List of Go terms maddesi.
4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  Türkiye Go Oyuncuları Derneği. "Go Sözlüğü". 3 Mart 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 8 Ağustos 2013.