Başlığın diğer anlamları için Mat (anlam ayrımı) sayfasına bakınız.
**Mat**, satrançta taraflardan birinin şahı tehdit altında iken yapacak hiçbir hamlesi olmaması durumudur. Oyun bu durumda iken şahı tehdit altında olan oyuncu mat olmuştur. Eğer oyunu mat durumuna geçiren hamle kurallı bir hamle ise, mat olan oyuncu oyunu kaybeder.

Şahı tehdit eden oyuncu "şah" diyerek rakibini uyarır. Saldırı hamlesi yapan ve şahı tehdit eden oyuncu, eğer bu tehdidin ortadan kaldırılamayacağını biliyorsa "**şah mat**" diyerek rakibine oyunun sona erdiğini bildirir.

Eğer şah tehdit altında *değilse* ve yapılabilecek hiçbir yasal hamle yoksa oyun pat olur ve berabere biter.

Mat çeşitleri
-------------

* Gerçekleşebilecek en çabuk mat: Aptal matı
* Acemice bir mat: Çoban matı
* Merdiven matı: 2 vezirle, 2 kaleyle veya 1 vezir ile 1 kaleyle yapılır. Amaç, bu taşların yatay ve dikeydeki kontrol gücünü kullanarak şahı köşeye sıkıştırıp mat etmektir.
* Boğmaca matı: Şahın hareket karelerinin kendi taşları tarafından kapatılması sonucunda rakip atla yapılan mattır. Satrançtaki en estetik kabul edilen matlardan birisidir.
*

Temel matlar
------------

Bir tarafın sadece Şah, diğer tarafın ise Şah ve mat eden taşının bulunduğu durumlardan yapılan matlara denir.

### Vezir

En kolay temel mattır. Herhangi bir durumdan yaklaşık 10 hamlede yapılabilmesi gerekir.

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### Kale

Herhangi bir durumdan yaklaşık 16 hamlede yapılabilmesi gerekir.

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
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| 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h |

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### İki fil

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
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| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h |

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### Fil ve at

En zor temel mattır. Herhangi bir durumdan 33 hamlede yapılabilmesi gerekir. Ancak zayıf oyuncular doğru hamleleri yapamayıp oyunu 50 hamleye uzatırlarsa beraberlikle bitebilir.

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h |

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Kaynakça
--------

1. ↑  "Basic Rules of Play". *Handbook*. 21 Ocak 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 27 Ocak 2013.

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