***Mbiresaurus***(anlamı: Mbire kertenkelesi) Zimbabve'nin Geç Triyas yaşlı (Carnian) Pebbly Arkose formasyonundan ilkin sauropodomorpha dinozorların yok olmuş bir cinsidir. Bu cins tek bir tür içerir (*M. raathi*). *Mbiresaurus* Afrika'nın bilinen en erken tanımlı dinozorlarından biridir.

Keşif ve adlandırma
-------------------

Mbiresaurus holotip örneği (NHMZ 2222), 2017-2019 yılları arasında yapılan iki saha çalışmasında Zimbabve'nin Mashonaland merkez'inde Mbire ilçesinde Geç Triyas periyoduna tarihlenen Pebbly Arkose formasyonu tabakalarında keşfedilmiştir. Holotip, parçalı kafatası, mandibula; boyun, sırt, kuyruk sokumu ve boyun omurları, kaburga parçaları, parçalı göğüs ve kalça kemeri ve parçalı ön ve arka ayakları içeren kısmen düzenli bir iskeletten oluşur. Daha büyük refere edilen örnek holotiple birlikte bulundu.

2022'de Griffin ve ark. *Mbiresaurus'*u ilkin sauropodomorphaların yeni bir cinsi ve türü olarak tanımladı. Cins adı *Mbiresaurus*, Zimbabve'nin Mbire ilçesini işaret eder ve Mbire sözcüğü ile Antik Yunanca *kertenkele* anlamına gelen sauros sözcüğünün birleşmesinden oluşur. Tür adı raathi ise fosillerin kaşiflerinden biri olan Michael Raath'ı ve Zimbabve paleontolojisine katkılarını onurlandırır.

Sınıflandırma
-------------

Griffin ve ark. (2022), *Mbiresaurus'*u filogenetik çözümlemelerinde ilkin bir sauropodomorpha üyesi olarak değerlendirmiştir. Aşağıdaki kladogram filogenetik ilişkileri göstermektedir.


|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Saurischia | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Theropoda |
|   |
| Sauropodomorpha | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Eoraptor* |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Guaibasaurus* |
|   |
|   | *Buriolestes* |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | ***Mbiresaurus*** |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Saturnalia* |
|   |
|   | *Pampadromaeus* |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Panphagia* |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Bagualosaurus* |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Unaysaurus* |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Riojasaurus* |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Plateosaurus* |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Efraasia* |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Thecodontosaurus* |
|   |
|   | *Pantydraco* |
|   |

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|   |

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|   |

 |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Coloradisaurus* |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Yunnanosaurus* |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Aardonyx* |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Pulanesaura* |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Vulcanodon* |
|   |
|   | *Tazoudasaurus* |
|   |

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|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Gongxianosaurus* |
|   |
|   | *Antetonitrus* |
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|   |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Massospondylus kaalae* |
|   |
|   | *Lufengosaurus* |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Massospondylus carinatus* |
|   |
|   | *Leyesaurus* |
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Paleoçevre
----------

*Mbiresaurus* Zimbabve'nin Pebbly Arkose formasyonundan bilinir. Bu formasyondan bilinen diğer canlıların içinde Hyperodapedon, adlandırılmamış aetosaurlar, herrerasauridler ve sinapsitler vardır.

Kaynakça
--------

1. 1 2 3 4 5  Griffin, Christopher T. "Africa's oldest dinosaurs reveal early suppression of dinosaur distribution". *www.nature.com*. Nature. 31 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
2. ↑  Raath, M. A.; Oesterlen, P. M.; Kitching, J. W. "FIRST RECORD OF TRIASSIC RHYNCHOSAURIA (REPTILIA: DIAPSIDA) FROM THE LOWER ZAMBEZI VALLEY, ZIMBABWE".. 10 Eylül 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2 Eylül 2022.  `|website=` dış bağlantı (yardım)