**தெரோபசு** (*Pteropus*)(துணை வரிசை இன்டெரோகைரோப்டெரா) என்பது பெரிய வகை வெளவாலின் பேரினமாகும். இது உலகின் காணப்படும் மிகப்பெரிய வெளவால்களில் ஒன்றாகும். இவை பொதுவாக பழந்தின்னி வெளவால்கள் அல்லது பறக்கும் நரிகள் என பேச்சுவழக்கு பெயர்களில் அறியப்படுகின்றன. இவை தெற்காசியா, தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியா, ஆத்திரேலியா, கிழக்கு ஆப்பிரிக்கா மற்றும் இந்திய மற்றும் பசிபிக் பெருங்கடல்களில் சில கடல் தீவுகளில் வாழ்கின்றன. இந்தப் பேரினத்தில் குறைந்தது 60 சிற்றினங்கள் உள்ளன.

பறக்கும் நரிகள் எனப்படும் இந்த வெளவால்கள், பழங்கள் மற்றும் பிற தாவரப் பொருட்களை உண்கின்றன, எப்போதாவது பூச்சிகளையும் சாப்பிடுகின்றன. இவை வாசனை உணர்வின் மூலம் வளங்களைக் கண்டறிகின்றன. பெரும்பாலானவை, இரவாடி வகையின. இவை எதிரொலியினைப் பயன்படுத்த முடியாததால், கூரிய பார்வையுடன் பயணிக்கின்றன. இவை நீண்ட ஆயுட்காலம் மற்றும் குறைந்த இனப்பெருக்க தன்மையினைக் கொண்டுள்ளன. பெரும்பாலான சிற்றினங்களில் வருடத்திற்கு ஒரு சந்ததியை மட்டுமே உற்பத்தி செய்கின்றன. இவற்றின் குறைவான சந்ததி உற்பத்தி, வேட்டையாடுதல், அழித்தல் மற்றும் இயற்கை பேரழிவுகள் போன்ற அச்சுறுத்தல்களுக்கு இவை ஆளாகிறது. ஆறு பறக்கும் நரி சிற்றினங்கள் நவீன காலத்தில் அதிக வேட்டையாடுவதன் மூலம் அழிந்துவிட்டன. பறக்கும் நரிகள் பயிர்களை சேதப்படுத்துவதாக நம்பப்படுவதால் அடிக்கடி துன்புறுத்தப்படுகின்றன. விதை பரவல் மூலம் காடுகளின் மீளுருவாக்கம் செய்வதன் மூலம் இவை சூழலியல் ரீதியாக நன்மை பயக்கும் தன்மையுடையன. இவை தாவரங்களை மகரந்தச் சேர்க்கை செய்வதன் மூலம் சுற்றுச்சூழல் அமைப்புகளுக்கும் மனித நலன்களுக்கும் பயனளிக்கின்றன.

மற்ற வௌவால்களைப் போலவே, பறக்கும் நரிகளும் மனிதர்களில் ஒரு சில நோய்கள் ஏற்பட காரணமாக இருக்கின்றன. ஏனெனில் இவை ரேபிஸ் மற்றும் ஹெண்ட்ரா திநுண்மி போன்ற ஆத்திரேலிய வெளவால் லைசா திநுண்மி உட்பட அரிதான ஆனால் ஆபத்தான நோய் கடத்திகளாக இருக்கின்றன. அறியப்பட்ட ஏழு மனித இறப்புகள் இந்த இரண்டு நோய்களால் விளைந்துள்ளன. நிபா தீநுண்மி பறக்கும் நரிகளாலும் பரவுகிறது. இது அதிகமான மக்களை பாதிக்கிறது. 100க்கும் மேற்பட்ட இறப்புகள் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளன. 

வெளவால்கள் பாரம்பரிய கலைகளுடன் நாட்டுப்புறவியல் மற்றும் ஆயுதங்களுடன் தொடர்புடையன. பழங்குடியினருடன் கலாச்சார முக்கியத்துவம் வாய்ந்தவை. இவற்றின் உரோமங்களும் பற்களும் கடந்த காலத்தில் நாணயமாக பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டன. சில ஆதிவாசிகள் இன்றும் வெளவால் பற்களை நாணயமாக பயன்படுத்துகின்றனர்.

சிற்றினங்கள்
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|  | *அசெரோடான் ஜூபாட்டசு* |
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|  | *அசெரோடான் செலிபென்சிசு* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு பெர்சோனடசு* |
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|  | *நியோப்டெரிக்சு ப்ரோசுடி* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு மேக்ரோடிசு* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு மகாகனசு* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு கில்லியர்டோரம்* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு மோலோசினசு* |
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு தோகுடே* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு பெலஜிகசு* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு இசுகாபுலடசு* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு லோம்போசென்சிசு* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு லிவ்விங்சுடோனி* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு டாசிமல்லசு* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு புமிலசு* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு ரோட்ரிசென்சிசு* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு லைலி* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு ஜிகாண்டிசு* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு அல்டாபிரென்சிசு* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு ரூபசு* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு சீசெல்லென்சிசு*\* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு நைஜர்*\* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு சீசெல்லென்சிசு*\* |
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|  | *தெரோபசு செலாபோன்* |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு கேப்சிடிராடசு* |
|  |
|  | *தெரோபசு என்னிசே* |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு வேட்டுலசு* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு நைடெண்டியென்சிசு* |
|  |
|  | *தெரோபசு துபெர்குளேடசு* |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு அனீஷியனசு* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு சாமொனென்சிசு* |
|  |
|  | *தெரோபசு பண்டேட்டசு* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு ரேனேரி* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு ரென்னெல்லி* |
|  |
|  | *தெரோபசு காக்னேடசு* |
|  |

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|  |

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|  |

 |
|  |

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|  |

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|  |

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|  |

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|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு போலியோசெபாலசு* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு ஆர்னாடசு* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு கைப்போமெலனசு*\* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு கிரிசெயசு* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு இசுபெசியோசசு* |
|  |
|  | *தெரோபசு கைப்போமெலனசு*\* |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு நியோகைபெர்னிகசு* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு கான்சுபிசிலேடசு* |
|  |
|  | *தெரோபசு அலெக்டோ* |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு தோங்கனசு* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு உலானசு* |
|  |
|  | *தெரோபசு அட்மிரலிடமும்* |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு போகெல்லி* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு மரியானசு* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு பெலவென்சிசு*\* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *தெரோபசு யாபென்சிசு* |
|  |
|  | *தெரோபசு பெலவென்சிசு*\* |
|  |

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| Phylogeny of *Pteropus* based on mitochondrial cytochrome b and rRNA12S genes. |

மேற்கோள்கள்
-----------

1. ↑  Nowak, R. M. தொகுப்பாசிரியர் (1999). *Walker's Mammals of the World*. **1** (6 ). பக். 264–271. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண்:978-0-8018-5789-8.
2. ↑  Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Genus *Pteropus*". in Don E. Wilson; Reeder, D.M. *Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference* (3rd ). Johns Hopkins University Press. பக். 334–346. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண்:978-0-8018-8221-0. இணையக் கணினி நூலக மையம்:62265494. .
3. ↑  Almeida, Francisca C; Giannini, Norberto P; Simmons, Nancy B; Helgen, Kristofer M (2014). "Each flying fox on its own branch: A phylogenetic tree for Pteropus and related genera (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)". *Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution* **77**: 83–95. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.009. பப்மெட்:24662680.