recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
The Citipati as depicted in a painting in the Gelugpa Monastery, Nepal.
**Guhyasamāja Tantra** (Sanskrit: Guhyasamājatantra; Tibetan: Gsang ’dus rtsa rgyud; English: *Tantra of the Secret Community*) is a tantra method of Tibetan Buddhism. The central figure is called "Vajra‐pāni" which means a vajra-carrier or a vajra-master.

The Guhyasamāja Tantra was the secret gathering based on thought that having sexual relations with many women would contribute to Buddhism awakening. The legitimate wives of the vajra‐sattvaḥa, called "dakinis", were limited only to virgins. Although the number of dakinis is variously drafted according to the literature, it probably amounts to a number of geometrical progressionwise.

Also statues and pictures were made to beautify the method. However, because those acts had no integrity to fundamental buddhist precepts, it is no longer done in Tibetan Buddhism. On the contrary, warning symbols and festivals, such as Citipati, are widely spread.

Gallery
-------

* Padmasambhava, the former Prince of Wales Museum in Mumbai.Padmasambhava, the former Prince of Wales Museum in Mumbai.
* Heruka with Vajravarahi. Discovered in Nepal, Prince of Wales museum.Heruka with Vajravarahi. Discovered in Nepal, Prince of Wales museum.
* Saṃvara with Vajravārāh, Tibetan souvenir (origin is unknown).Saṃvara with Vajravārāh, Tibetan souvenir (origin is unknown).
* Yamantaka Vajrabhairav, the British Museum - Asian Gallery.Yamantaka Vajrabhairav, the British Museum - Asian Gallery.

Related pages
-------------

* Vajrayana
* Aum Shinrikyo
Classroom board
An **interactive whiteboard** is a large, interactive screen that connects a computer and a projector. The projector projects the computer's desktop onto the screen of the interactive whiteboard. The user can control the computer by using a special pen, finger or another tool to touch the screen of the interactive whiteboard. Normally, interactive whiteboards are fixed on walls. However, there are some mobile interactive whiteboards. Interactive whiteboards are used in many different places such as in classrooms, in work groups and in training rooms for professional coaching. Interactive whiteboards are the modern version of the traditional whiteboards used in schools.

Operation
---------

The interactive whiteboard must be connected to an PC before you can use the whiteboard. Most whiteboards are connected to the computer's Serial port or to a USB port. Some newer systems can use a wireless connection to the computer.

The summary of use the interactive whiteboard includes three words: controlling, translation and presentation.

* Controlling the PC means, that you can use the projection field like the desktop of the PC and the pen or the finger is the computer mouse.
* Most of the whiteboards translate the hand writing notes on the board in standard computer text. And so you can see your text clearly and save it as a file.
* Another use for interactive whiteboards is, that you can start presentations easily. You can start and control your presentation, although you stand in the front of the whiteboard and you are not depending on a keyboard.

Using interactive whiteboards
-----------------------------

**Teachers:**

* They can write onto the board and save it as a document for use in the other lessons. You can also send the whole lesson or the documents via e-mail to pupils who were absent.
* Interactive whiteboard makes it easy to demonsate how to use new software
* Videos can be shown

**For students:**

* Fixing and changing ideas of a brainstorming easily is an resource which students can use to reach a success faster. When student can use modern technology they are more interested in learning.

Projection Systems
------------------

**Front-projection:**
In this system the projector is placed in front of the whiteboard. Either the projector is fixed on the whiteboard or it hangs on the ceiling.

*Pros*

Compared to the rear projection this system is much cheaper

*Cons*

The teacher or the student must stand in front of the whiteboard and sometimes their body will cast a shadow.

**Rear-projection:**
In the rear-projection system the projector is placed behind the whiteboard.

*Pros*

The teacher does not cast a shadow and does not look into the projector light while speaking to the students.

*Cons*

This system is very expensive.
**James Robert "Jim" Leavelle** (August 23, 1920 – August 29, 2019) was a Dallas, Texas homicide detective who was escorting Lee Harvey Oswald through the basement of Dallas Police headquarters when Oswald was shot by Jack Ruby.

Early life
----------

Leavelle was born and raised in Red River County, Texas. He served in the United States Navy during World War II, and was a sailor on board the USS *Whitney* during the December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor bombings.

Career
------

He joined the Dallas Police Department in April 1950 and retired in April 1975.

Leavelle later said to author Joseph McBride that to him, the murder of President John F. Kennedy was "no different than a south Dallas nigger killing". This remark reveals that Leavelle was a racist who was not really concerned about who killed President Kennedy.

When Leavelle testified before the Warren Commission, he claimed that the first time he had ever sat in on an interrogation with Oswald was on Sunday morning, November 24, 1963. When Counsel Joseph Ball asked Leavelle if he had ever spoken to Oswald before this interrogation, he stated; "No; I had never talked to him before". Leavelle then stated during his testimony that; "...the only time I had connections with Oswald was this Sunday morning [November 24, 1963]. I never had [the] occasion to talk with him at any time..."

Leavelle believed that Oswald acted alone in killing Kennedy, and said that in a 2006 discussion, he was told by Oswald's brother Robert that he believes the same thing, "because I knew my brother."

Death
-----

Leavelle died at a hospital on August 29, 2019, at the age of 99 while on a trip to Denver, Colorado from a heart attack while recovering from hip surgery.
**Kei Igawa** (井川 慶, *Igawa Kei*, born July 13, 1979) is a Japanese former left-handed pitcher. He played for the Hanshin Tigers and Orix Buffalos of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) and New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB). He led all pitchers in the Central League for strikeouts in 2002, 2004 and 2006. He also played in the 2006 Major League Baseball Japan All-Star Series.

Hanshin Tigers (1998–2006)
--------------------------

He was the number two draft choice of the Hanshin Tigers in 1998. After a couple of years in the Hanshin minor league system, Igawa entered the starting rotation in 2001. In his first full season as a starter, Igawa went 9-13 for the last-placed Tigers, but finished with a Central League second-best 2.67 ERA, behind only Chunichi's Shigeki Noguchi.

In 2002, Hanshin improved to fourth, and Igawa's record was 14-9. He finished third in ERA (2.49), trailing Masumi Kuwata and Kenshin Kawakami. He also led the Central League with 206 strikeouts.

In 2003, the Tigers won the Central League pennant. Igawa made a great contribution with his brilliant performance. He pitched very well and finished with a 20–5 record, a 2.80 ERA, and was third with 179 strikeouts. He was named to the Best Nine, won the MVP in the Central League and also won the Eiji Sawamura Award, the Japanese equivalent of the MLB Cy Young Award.

In 2004 he lead the league at 228 strikeouts, he went 14-11 with a 3.73 ERA. In 2005, Igawa went 13-9 with a 3.86 ERA, fifth among his team's starters in ERA,. He was only tied for fifth in strikeouts (down significantly to 145) and 10th in ERA.
Thomas Edison with phonograph. Edison is considered one of the most prolific inventors in history, holding 1,093 U.S. patents in his name
An **invention** is a new thing that someone has made. The computer was an invention when it was first made. We say when it was "invented". New things that are made or created are called inventions. Cars and plastics are inventions that everyone knows. Inventions are made by inventors. Many inventions are patented.

Ideas are also called inventions. Writers can invent characters, and then invent a story about them.

Inventing
---------

Over time, humans have invented objects which make life easier for themselves. Because of this, a quote "necessity is the mother of invention", was written. The quote means that a lack of something should inspire someone to create something to fill that empty space. However, not all people believe that this is true. They think that too much of something can lead to an invention.
Many inventions are just a variation of something that already exists.

Other websites
--------------


The Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for:

 ***invention***.

* List of PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty) Important Inventions Archived 2007-03-12 at the Wayback Machine (on the WIPO web site)
Jorge Manrique
**Jorge Manrique** (c. 1440 – 1479) was a major Spanish poet, whose main work, the *Coplas a la muerte de su padre (Stanzas about the Death of his Father)*, is still read today. He was a supporter of the great Spanish queen, Isabel I of Castile, and actively participated on her side in the civil war that broke out against her half-brother, Enrique IV, when the latter attempted to make his daughter, Juana, crown princess. Jorge died in 1479 during an attempt to take the castle of Garcimuñoz after Isabel gained the crown.

Manrique were one of major Spanish aristocratic families of the Jewish converso descent. See, Norman Roth, "Conversos, Inquisition, and the Expulsion of the Jews from Spain", Madison, WI: The University of Wisconcin Press, 1995, p. 333. Jorge Manrique was a great-nephew of Iñigo López de Mendoza (marquess of Santillana), a descendant of Pero López de Ayala, chancellor of Castile, and a nephew of Gómez Manrique, *corregidor* of Toledo, all important poets of the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. He was, therefore, a member of a noble family of great consequence.
Die Donau-Iller-Lech Platte (D 64)
The **Iller-Lech Plateau** (German: *Donau-Iller-Lech-Platte*) or **Upper Swabian Plateau** (*Oberschwäbische Hochebene*), is one of the natural regions of Germany.

Neighboring Natural Regions
---------------------------

In the northwest: the Swabian Jura (D60 on the map); The river Danube is roughly the border between the two natural regions.

In the extreme northeast: the Franconian Jura (D61 on the map); The river Danube is roughly the border between the two natural regions.

In the east: the Lower Bavarian Uplands and the Isar-Inn Gravel Plateaus (D65 on the map); The river Lech is roughly the border between the two natural regions in parts.

In the south: the Southern Alpine Foreland (D66 on the map); The terminal moraines of the Würm glaciation are roughly the border between the two natural regions.

Sub-divisions of the Iller-Lech Plateau
---------------------------------------

Sub-divisions of the Iller-Lech Plateau
**1: Danube-Ablach Plateaus:** Old Drift landscape (in Baden-Württemberg)  

**2: Danube Valley between Mengen and Ulm, Lower Riß Valley**: valleys (in Baden-Württemberg)  

**3: Federsee Ried**: (in Baden-Württemberg)  

**4: Western Plain of the Lower Riß**: Tertiary hills and ice age gravel deposits (in Baden-Württemberg)  

**5: Eastern Plain of the Lower Riß**: Tertiary hills and Old Drift ice age gravel deposits (in Baden-Württemberg)  

**6: Holzstöcke**: Tertiary hills (in Baden-Württemberg)  

**7 and 8: Western and Eastern Riß-Aitrach Plateaus**: Old Drift landscape (in Baden-Württemberg)  

**9 and 10: Higher Plains of the Lower Iller Valley (south of Memmingen) and Lower Plains of the Lower Iller Valley (north of Memmingen)**: large valley, filled by gravel during and after the ice ages (in Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria)  

**11 and 12: Upper and Lower Iller-Lech Gravel Plateaus**: Tertiary hills with valleys formed by river systems flowing from south to north (in Bavaria)  

**13: Donauried**: Large fen plain by the Danube; Würm Ice Age formed (in Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria)  

**14 / 15: Zusam Plateau and Stauffenberg Region / Stauden Plateau (Stauden)** (together: Augsburg-Westliche Wälder Nature Park): Tertiary hills with valleys formed by river systems flowing from south to north (in Bavaria)  

**16: Lech Valley**: large valley, filled by gravel during and after the ice ages (in Bavaria)  

**17: Aindlingen Terrace**: Tertiary hills and High gravel plateau (in Bavaria)  

**18 and 20: Lower and Upper Lech-Wertach Plain**: Divided into lower terrace landscape by the Wertach and Gennach rivers (in Bavaria)  

**19: Landsberg Plateau**: High gravel plateau rising from north to south (in Bavaria)  

**21: Sachsenried and Denklingen Rotwald**: pure forest landscape; in the north: high terrace gravels of the Lech; in the south: Old Drift landscape (in Bavaria)
**Hilda Ogden** (also **Crabtree**) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera *Coronation Street*. She is one of the best-known regular characters in the serial. Her name became synonymous with a classic hard-working Northern working-class woman. She was played by Jean Alexander from 1964 to 1987. 

For much of her period as a character in the Street, Hilda worked as cleaner of The Rovers Return Inn. A gossip and busybody, many of her storylines were used for comedic purposes, though the character was equally used for dramatic effect; a scene in which she wept over the spectacles of her recently deceased husband Stan (Bernard Youens) has been hailed as one of the most moving images in television history.

Alexander quit the role of Hilda in 1987 after 23 years but was persuaded to reprise the part in 1990 for a one-off appearance as part of an ITV Telethon. She has also been seen in a spin-off video in 1998, in which another long-running character, Betty Williams (Betty Driver), visited her at her new home. Both of these appearances are considered canon to the show.

Arguably the serial's most popular character of all time, Hilda was voted the greatest TV character in a *Radio Times* poll of over 5,000 people. The typical appearance of Hilda, wearing hair curlers and a head scarf, has inspired art and catwalk themes. Despite various producers expressing their desire to see the character return, Jean Alexander was openly critical about the direction *Coronation Street* had taken, vowing never to reprise the role of Hilda again.

Alexander had previously appeared in 1962 as Mrs. Webb, the landlady of Joan Akers (Anna Cropper), who abducted baby Christopher Hewitt (Victoria Baker).
International Indo-Pak border
The **Hindustan–Pakistan Border**, known locally as the International Border (IB), is the international boundary between the Republic of India and Pakistan that demarcates the Indian states of Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat from the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Sindh except for Kashmir that is disputed (Line of Control). The border resulted from the Partition of India in 1947.

Wagah, the ceremonial point of crossing between India and Pakistan lies along this border between the Indian city of Amritsar and the Pakistani city of Lahore.

"Working boundary"
------------------

The border between two countries is called an international border from Gujrat/Sindh to the Line of Control. The Kashmir region is divided by the 1949 UN ceasefire line into two parts and the de facto border dividing Pakistan-administered Kashmir from Indian-administered Kashmir has been called the Line of Control since 1972. On the south side of the border of the Jammu Division is Pakistan's Punjab border, and is called the *working boundary* by Pakistan (which is a recent term) but the "international border" by India.

Other disputes
--------------

* Rann of Kutch and the Kori Creek
* Ferozpur District
* Pathankot Tehsil

| * v
* t
* e
Borders of Pakistan |
| --- |
| 
* Afghanistan
* China
* India
* Iran
* Tajikistan (claimed)

 |
**Queen Isabella of Armenia** (died c. 1252) ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 1219–1252. She was the daughter of Leo II of Armenia and Sybilla of Lusignan (daughter of Amalric I of Cyprus). Leo named Isabella as his heir.

She was married twice. Her first husband was Philip, son of Bohemund IV of Antioch, whom she married in 1223. Philip was murdered in 1225.

Her second husband was Hethum (or Hetoum) I, to whom she was married against her will on June 14, 1226. Hethum was co-ruler (or ruler) of Armenia from 1226 to 1270. The couple had six children:

1. Leo III (d. 1289)
2. Thoros (d. 1266),
3. Sibylle (d. 1290), who married Bohemund VI of Antioch
4. Euphemie (d. 1309), who married to Julien Grenier, Lord of Sidon
5. Rita of Armenia
6. Maria of Armenia, who married Guy d'Ibelin

|
|  |
| Preceded byLeo II |  **Queen of Armenia**1219–1252 | Succeeded byLeo III |

Bibliography
------------

* Boase, T. S. R. (1978). *The Cilician Kingdom of Armenia*. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press. ISBN 0-7073-0145-9.
**Isaac Stern** (July 21, 1920 – September 22, 2001) was an American violinist.

Early life
----------

Isaac Stern was born in Kremenets, Poland (now Ukraine) to a Jewish family. In 1921, When Stern was over a year old, his family moved to San Franciso. At age 8, he began studies at San Francisco Conservatory of Music until 193. Later he would study under Louis Persinger. He returned to the conservatory under Naoum Blinder. 

Stern debuted with the San Francisco Symphony at age 15 and played Saint-Saëns' Violin Concerto No. 3 in B minor.

Performances
------------

He performed for soldiers during World War 2 and performed in USSR in 1951. During the Yom Kippur War, he would give a concert for wounded Israelis soldiers. A notable concert was in 1991 during the Gulf War. Stern was playing a Bach piece in Jerusalem, when sirens sounded the alarm of an air raid. Although the audience was frightened, Stern continued to play and the audience just listened to the rest of the concert with gas masks. Stern was also a cultural ambassador. 

Stern performed frequently with the New York Philharmonic. He prevented Carnegie Hall from be taken down by campaigning and raising money for the building.

Stern would come to learn other musicians: Yo-Yo Ma, Jian Wang, Itzhak Perlman and Pinchas Zukerman.

Movies
------

Stern also contributed to movies. He was the soloist for the film *Fiddler on the Roof* (1971). He was also the music advisor for the film *Humoresque* (1946)*.*

Discography
-----------

Stern's discography includes works by Brahms, Bach, Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Sibelius, Tchaikovsky, Vivaldi, Barber, Bartók, Stravinsky, Bernstein, Rochberg, and Dutilleux.

Instruments
-----------

Stern enjoyed playing Ysaÿe Guarnerius, a violin made by the luthier Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesù. Other instruments he played included "Kruse-Vormbaum" Stradivarius (1728),, the "Panette" Guarneri del Gesù (1737), the "ex-Stern" Bergonzi (1733), a Michele Angelo Bergonzi (1739–1757), the "Arma Senkrah" Guadagnini (1750), a Giovanni Guadagnini (1754) and others.

Awards
------

* Sonning Award (1982; Denmark)
* Wolf Prize
* Kennedy Center Honors (1984)
* Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist(s) Performance (with orchestra) (1962, 1963, 1965, 1982)
* Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance(1971, 1992)
* National Medal of Arts (1991)
* Presidential Medal of Freedom (1992)
* Elected to the American Philosophical Society (1995)
* Polar Music Prize (2000; Sweden)
* Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur (1990)
* Gold Medal of the Royal Philharmonic Society (1991)
* Carnegie Hall Midtown Manhattan, New York: main auditorium was named for Isaac Stern in 1997.
**Jean Gabin** (French: [ʒɑ̃ gabɛ̃]; 17 May 1904 – 15 November 1976) was a French actor. He also sometimes was a singer. Gabin is considered one of the great stars of French cinema. He was made a member of the Légion d'honneur. A museum in Mériel contains his story and features, his war and film memorabilia.

At the age of 19, Gabin received a small role in a Folies Bergère production. He continued acting until he joined the military. After his military service he began acting again. He became part of a troupe that toured South America. After returning to France they worked at the Moulin Rouge.

Gabin gained notice and received roles in films. He became popular after being in films directed by Julien Duvivier. He had many offers to work in Hollywood. When Germany occupied France in World War II, he went to the United States. While there he had a romance with actress Marlene Dietrich. He was difficult to work with and did not have success with his career in Hollywood.

Jean Gabin joined General Charles de Gaulle's Free French Forces. He earned the Médaille militaire and a Croix de guerre for his wartime service in North Africa. 

After the war Gabin returned to acting. For several years his films did not make much money. Then the 1954 film *Touchez pas au grisbi* (*Don't Touch the Loot*) was a very profitable international success. Over the next twenty years, Gabin made close to 50 more films.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Jean Gabin at Wikimedia Commons

* Jean Gabin on IMDb
Not to be confused with Inuit.
The **Innu** (or **Montagnais**) are an Indigenous people group who live in Quebec and Newfoundland.

They lived as hunter-gatherers. Then the Canadian government moved them away from their homeland and forced them to practice Western lifestyles.

Lands
-----

The Innu call the territory they live in *Nitassinan* ("Our Land").

History
-------

Roman Catholic ceremony of Innu and other First Nations people in the Labrador
The Canadian government forced the Innu to live in permanent communities instead of letting them practice their nomadic lifestyle. They also forced them to go to schools run by churches. In those schools, the Innu were not allowed to practice their religion or speak their language. Because of all the wrong things done to the Innu, they have a lot of social problems. On one hand, they lost a lot of knowledge about their traditional ways. On the other hand, the schools did not prepare them well enough to live in Western society and they still faced racism because they were Indigenous.
**Hypotension** is low blood pressure. A person with low blood pressure is called **hypotensive**.

Everybody's blood pressure is different. Some people have naturally low blood pressure. However, for most adults, a systolic blood pressure of under 90, or a diastolic blood pressure of under 60, is low blood pressure. (Systolic is the top number in a blood pressure reading; diastolic is the bottom number.)

Symptoms
--------

Low blood pressure is not always dangerous. However, low blood pressure is dangerous if it causes any of these symptoms:

* Feeling dizzy
* Fainting (this is called syncope)
* If the blood pressure gets even lower, or the person faints, when they stand up (this is called orthostasis or orthostatic hypotension). This means that the blood pressure is so low that it cannot get blood to the brain when the person is standing up.
* Pale, cold, clammy skin (this is called diaphoresis). This is a sign that the body is in trouble, and is using its natural defense strategies to try to fix a problem.
* Being unable to think or focus on something
* Nausea
* Feeling tired or depressed
* Feeling very thirsty (this happens when low blood pressure is caused by dehydration, meaning the person has not drunk enough fluids. The body senses this and gets thirsty so the person will drink more)
* Quick, shallow breathing (this is a sign that the body is not getting enough blood and oxygen, and is trying to take in more oxygen by breathing faster)

What problems can low blood pressure cause?
-------------------------------------------

If low blood pressure makes a person faint, the person could hurt themselves while falling.

If a person's blood pressure is very low, the heart will be unable to pump blood and oxygen to important parts of the body. Every part of the body needs blood and oxygen to live. Without blood and oxygen, important parts of the body, like the heart and brain, can be damaged.

Treatment
---------

### First aid

If a person's blood pressure is low enough that they are feeling dizzy, they should lay down on the ground. Putting their feet up, or bending their knees, is also helpful. This makes it easier for blood and oxygen to get to the brain (because the blood does not have to work against gravity to get up to the brain, like it would if the person were standing). Lying down will also make sure that the person does not hurt themselves by falling if they faint.

### Medical treatment

Doctors can treat hypotension by treating whatever is causing the low blood pressure. Sometimes, low blood pressure is caused by dehydration. This can be treated by having the patient eat more salt, drink more fluids, or (in serious cases) get fluids through a needle placed into a vein.

If low blood pressure is caused by medicines, doctors can change those medications to others that do not lower blood pressure as much.

There are also medications that increase blood pressure. They work by making it harder for blood vessels to relax. (When blood vessels relax, blood pressure goes down. If the blood vessels cannot relax as easily, blood pressure goes up.)

Related pages
-------------

* Blood pressure
* Hypertension (high blood pressure)
**Garry Emmanuel Shandling** (November 29, 1949 – March 24, 2016) was an American comedian, actor, writer, producer and director. He was best known for his work in *It's Garry Shandling's Show* and *The Larry Sanders Show*.

Early life
----------

Shandling was born **Garry Emmanuel Shandling** in Chicago, Illinois on November 29, 1949. He was raised in Tucson, Arizona. He studied at the University of Arizona.

Career
------

Shandling began his career in 1975. He started writing for sitcoms such as *Sanford and Son* and *Welcome Back, Kotter*. He began his career in comedy when he was on *The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson* and was on the show many times. 

Shandling was for a thought to replace Carson (other hopefuls were Joan Rivers, David Letterman and David Brenner). In 1986, he created *It's Garry Shandling's Show*, for the pay cable channel Showtime. It was nominated for four Emmy Awards (including one for Shandling) and lasted until 1990. His second show, *The Larry Sanders Show*, which began airing on HBO in 1992, was even more successful. 

Shandling was nominated for 18 Emmy Awards for the show and won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series in 1998, along with Peter Tolan, for writing the series finale. In movies, Shandling had the same role as Senator Stern in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, appearing in *Iron Man 2* and *Captain America: The Winter Soldier*, as well as a voice in DreamWorks Animation's *Over the Hedge*.

His last movies were *Captain America: The Winter Soldier* (2015) and *The Jungle Book* (2016).

Personal life
-------------

Shandling was in a relationship with Linda Doucett from 1987 through 1994. He lived in Los Angeles, California. 

### Death

Shandling died in Los Angeles from a pulmonary embolism caused by thrombosis in his leg on March 24, 2016. He was aged 66.

Awards
------

During his career, Shandling was nominated for 19 Primetime Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards, along with many other awards and nominations. He served as host of the Grammy Awards four times and as host of the Emmy Awards three times.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Garry Shandling***.

* Garry Shandling on IMDb
* Garry Shandling on Twitter
* *It's Garry Shandling's Show* at TV.com
* Garry Shandling on Charlie Rose Archived 2011-06-29 at the Wayback Machine via Google Video (2006)
* Garry Shandling on National Public Radio in 2002
* AllMovie.com: Garry Shandling
* Museum of Broadcasting: *It's Garry Shandling's Show* / *The Larry Sanders Show* Archived 2002-01-25 at the Wayback Machine
* Filmbug.com: Garry Shandling
Map showing the position of Happisburgh in the early Pleistocene, about 800,000 years ago
The small village of Happisburgh on the coast of Norfolk has evidence of the earliest modern man.

The oldest hominin footprints in Europe are in Britain. They are about 800,000 years to a million years old. They were found on Happisburgh beach, East Anglia in May 2013.

The archaeologists describe them as "the oldest known hominin footprint surface outside Africa at between ca. 1 million and 0.78 million years ago". The site is known for its preservation of sediments with early Pleistocene fauna and flora. Since 2005 flint tools have been found. This means humans occupied northern Europe at least 350,000 years earlier than was thought before.

The footprints were found in sediment, partially covered by beach sand, at low tide on the shore at Happisburgh. Stormy weather had washed away the sand, leaving the sediment exposed. Because the sediment was soft, and lay below the high tide mark, the tides quickly eroded the exposed sediment, and in two weeks the footprints had all been destroyed. The team worked during low tides, often in pouring rain, to record 3D images of all the footprints.

Archaeology
-----------

The stone tools discovered at Happisburgh
In 2010, Simon Parfitt and colleagues from University College London discovered flint tools near Happisburgh. The tools were dated to "somewhere between 866,000 to 814,000 years ago or 970,000 to 936,000 years ago", around 100,000 years earlier than the finds at Pakefield. The flints were probably left by hunter-gatherers of the human species *Homo antecessor* who inhabited the flood plains and marshlands that bordered an ancient course of the river Thames. The flints were then washed downriver and came to rest at the Happisburgh site. In May 2013 the oldest human footprints outside of Africa, being more than 800,000 years old, were reported to have been discovered on the beach.
**Jerk** is the change in the acceleration of an object. Mathematically, jerk is the derivative, or the rate of change of acceleration by time. Jerk is also called **jolt** (in British English), **surge**, or **lurch**. Jerk is a vector and there is no word for its scalar value. 

The jerk is measured in metres per second cubed ({\displaystyle m/s^{3}}).

Yank can be thought as a force in terms of jerk. Force is mass times acceleration. Similarly, Yank is mass times jerk. It is also the derivative of the force. However, when an object is moving near the speed of light, a force is often written as the derivative of momentum. In this case, Yank is the rate of change of the derivative of momentum.

Its use
-------

Jerk is used in engineering, particularly in making roller coasters. Weak objects such as people can be damaged by high acceleration or high jerk.
Also, jerk must be thought in the process of making any product. Sudden change in acceleration means very large jerk. Extent of exposure to jerk is often a good predictor of the rate of deterioration of tools while in normal use; it corresponds better to the appearance of metal fatigue among other modes of failure.
In road bicycle racing, and especially the three Grand Tour stage races Tour de France, Giro d'Italia and Vuelta a Espana, the **Green jersey** is the name given to a cycling jersey worn by the leader in a subsidiary competition.

For example, while the overall race leader in the Tour de France will wear the yellow jersey, or "maillot jaune", the green jersey ("maillot vert") will be worn by the leader in the points competition for sprinters.

In the Vuelta a Espana, the green jersey is worn by the "King of the Mountains", the leader in the competition for the best climber. The Giro d'Italia also used a green jersey for its "King of the Mountains" from 1974 to 2011, but that jersey was changed to a blue jersey, starting in 2012.

Classification Guide
--------------------

### Overall Leader

The following events use the "green jersey" to signify the current leader and/or final winner of the overall classification by time
(*incomplete listing*)

* To Be Determined

### Points Competition Leader

The following events use the "green jersey" to signify the current leader and/or final winner of the overall classification by points (often known as the sprinters competition):

(*incomplete listing*)

* Tour de France (known as the maillot vert)
* Dauphiné Libéré
* Tour de l'Avenir
* Tour de Georgia

### King of the Mountains

The following events use the "green jersey" to signify the current leader and/or final winner of the overall classification of the best climber :

(*incomplete listing*)

* Tour of Poland (*Polish*: known as the *najlepszy góral* or *Klasyfikacja Górska*)

#### Former use

* Giro d'Italia (*Italian*: known as the maglia verde) – Used from 1974 to 2011; a blue jersey (*maglia azzurra*) is now used instead.
A sample of greywacke rock
**Greywacke**  is a type of sandstone. It is hard, and dark in color. It has different sized grains of quartz, feldspar, and small rock fragments set in a compact, fine clay matrix. It is mostly found in Palaeozoic strata. The larger grains can be sand-to-gravel-sized, and matrix materials make up more than 15% of the rock by volume. 

The origin of greywacke was a problem. Gravel, sand and mud should not be laid down together, because river outflow drops heavier grains first. Now geologists think greywacke is formed by submarine avalanches or strong turbidity currents. These actions churn sediment and cause mixed-sediment slurries to occur. When this happens, the resulting rocks show various sedimentary features. Support for the turbidity current origin is the fact that deposits of greywacke are found on the edges of the continental shelves, at the bottoms of oceanic trenches, and at the bases of mountain formational areas. It also occurs in association with black shales of deep sea origin.
A **gribble** is any species of marine isopod from the family **Limnoriidae**. They are mostly pale white and small (1-4  mm long) crustaceans. 

The term gribble was originally used for the wood-boring species, especially the first species described from Norway by Rathke in 1799, *Limnoria lignorum*. The Limnoriidae have species which bore into seaweed and sea grass, as well as wood borers. 

There are three genera, *Paralimnoria*, *Limnoria* and *Lynseia*. *Limnoria* has species in most seas. Those gribbles able to bore into living marine plants are thought to have evolved from a wood (dead plant) boring species. 

Gribbles bore into wood and plant material for food. The cellulose of wood is digested. The most destructive species are *Limnoria lignorum*, *L. tripunctata* and *L. quadripunctata*. According to an expert, they are the only animals able to make a cellulase to dissolve plant cell walls. Other animals that eat plant fibres make use of bacteria in their gut to produce the enzyme. Gribbles do not. This has led some biologists to think of biofuels.

Related pages
-------------

* Gut flora
**Jacmel** (Kréyòl: *Jakmèl*) is a city in southeast Haiti, on the Caribbean coast, at the mouth of the river *Grande Rivière de Jacmel*. It is the capital city of the Sud-Est *Département*.

The city is in the *Baie de Jacmel* ("Jacmel Bay") about 86 km south of the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. It is also the chief town of an *arrondissement* (a part of a department) with the same name. The *arrondissement* has four *communes* (a *commune* is like a municipality): Jacmel, Cayes-Jacmel, La Vallée and Marigot.

Name
----

*Jacci* was the Taíno name for the region where is located Jacmel. It was changed to the Spanish word *Yáquimo* (sometimes written as *Jáquimo*) and then to the French word Jacmel.

History
-------

Christopher Columbus gave the name *Puerto de Brasil* ("Brazil port") to the place where Jacmel is now because there were many trees called "Brasil" (English: Brazilwood) in the region that were cut and sent to Spain; the tree has a yellow substance (and wood) that was used to give that color to hair, cloths and other objects.

In 1504, Nicolás de Ovando, Spanish governor of the Hispaniola, founded the town of *Villanueva de Yáquimo* (or *Villanova de Yáquimo*). But people left the town and French people came to live here; in 1698, the new town of Jacmel was founded.

### Jacmel today

There are many beautiful old houses in Jacmel, from the 1880s. Since 2004, the 'Festival Film Jakmèl' is celebrated in Jacmel and, since 2007, the international music festival 'Festival Mizik Jakmèl'.

Many visitors come to Jacmel for its carnival, the *Bassins Bleu* waterfalls, and the white sand beaches near the city.

### Radio

* Radio Ambiance FM
* Ambiance TV
* Radio Anacaona
* Radio TéléDiffusion Jacmelienne
* Radio Télé-Express Continental
* Radio Vibration Inter
* Radio Jacmel Inter
* Radio Détente
* Radio Négritude
* Radio SemencesFM de Marbial

Sister cities
-------------

Jacmel has sister relationships with:

* United States Palm Beach, Florida, USA
* France Strasbourg,France

Gallery
-------

* View of the bay from JacmelView of the bay from Jacmel
* Mardi Gras Papier-mâché masks.Mardi Gras Papier-mâché masks.
* Vodou ceremony in Jacmel.Vodou ceremony in Jacmel.

Other websites
--------------

* Festival Film Jakmèl Archived 2009-03-01 at the Wayback Machine
* Festival Mizik Jakmèl Archived 2007-07-02 at the Wayback Machine
* Bonzouti.com - Web portal for Jacmel and the Sud-Est Department of Haiti
* Official Chamber of Commerce Website
* Website for Cayes-Jacmel
* Bassin-Bleu website
**Hepatitis** is a disease of the liver. In hepatitis, the liver is inflamed. There can be several reasons why the liver is inflamed. For this reason there are several kinds of hepatitis. The most common forms are **Hepatitis A**, **Hepatitis B** and **Hepatitis C**. Most cases of Hepatitis are caused by viruses. Some forms are caused by bacteria, fungi or parasites. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis or syphilis can also cause hepatitis; so can the parasite that causes malaria. 

Hepatitis can also be caused by alcohol. About one in four people who drink more than three alcoholic drinks a day (over a period of 10–15 days) will have some form of hepatitis caused by alcohol.

Various drugs and chemicals can also cause hepatitis, most notably paracetamol (overdose), yellow phosphorous, and others. Hepatitis may also be caused by other diseases.

Hepatitis A
-----------

See the main article: Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A can be spread through personal contact, eating raw seafood, or drinking water with the hepatitis A virus in it. This happens mostly in third world countries. Strict personal hygiene and avoiding raw and unpeeled foods can help prevent an infection. 

Once a person has hepatitis A, their immune system makes antibodies to fight the virus. This will make them immune against future infection. 

People with hepatitis A should rest, drink a lot of water and avoid alcohol. The time between the infection and the start of the illness can run from 15 to 45 days. About 15% of people with hepatitis A have symptoms from six months to a year after the first diagnosis. Infected people excrete the hepatitis A virus in their stool two weeks before and one week after the appearance of jaundice. 

There is a vaccine for hepatitis A. It will protect against hepatitis A for life.

Hepatitis B
-----------

See the main article: Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is not spread by food or casual contact. Instead, hepatitis B is spread by blood or body fluids from an infected person. A baby can get it from its mother during childbirth, and it can also be spread by sexual contact, use of street drugs, and unsafe medical care. Some people just have hepatitis B for a little while and then suppress the infection. Others can be infected for life, usually with few or no symptoms for many years. Hepatitis B sometimes damages the liver severely, and can cause cancer and cirrhosis. 

There is a vaccine that can prevent hepatitis B. There is no cure for hepatitis B, but there is treatment.

Hepatitis C
-----------

See the main article: Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is not spread by food or casual contact. It is spread in ways that are similar to hepatitis B. There is no vaccine, and the treatment is somewhat unpleasant. People with hepatitis C who drink alcohol greatly increase their risk for liver damage.

Other websites
--------------

* International Community : Viral Hepatitis Community Archived 2013-03-10 at the Wayback Machine
**I Zwicky 36** (often shortened to **I Zw 36**) is a blue compact dwarf galaxy, meaning that it is small for a galaxy, that its stars are close together and that it gives off blue light. The stars in I Zwicky 36 are young for stars, no older than three million years.

Recent observations
-------------------

Astronomers studied I Zw 36 (≈Z⊙/14) using the Hubble Space Telescope. Before that, they took pictures using ultraviolet light using the pre-COST Faint Object Camera (FOC) and Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS). FOC seemed to show that I Zw 36 had large, hot stars but NICMOS said it had cold stars that were small or medium sized. Some evidence shows the stars were active and then the galaxy became compact and blue. The evidence of luminous and asymptotic branches of stars suggests they formed several million years ago. The giant red branches of the galaxy may have at least 1-2 billion years.

Related pages
-------------

* Dwarf galaxy

Other websites
--------------

* SIMBAD Astronomical Dabatase Results for Mrk 209
The **inauguration of William Howard Taft** as the 27th president of the United States happened on March 4, 1909. It was the start of the only term of William Howard Taft as president and James S. Sherman's only term as vice president. 

A ceremony happened at the Senate chamber inside the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. because of a blizzard. The event was the 31st presidential inauguration. 

Vice president Sherman did not complete his term in office, because he died on October 30, 1912. Since the Twenty-fifth Amendment, which allows for the office of vice president to be filled if it were empty, of the US Constitution was not passed yet, the position remained empty until Taft's term as president ended. As of 2021, Sherman is the most recent vice president to die in office.

Chief Justice Melville Fuller administered the presidential oath of office to Taft. Charles W. Fairbanks gave the vice presidential oath of office to Sherman. This inauguration was the last time Fuller gave the oath. However, the Chief Justice said his lines incorrectly.

Although the weather was not good, the inaugural parade was not canceled. An inaugural ball that evening was held at the Pension Building. The ball would be the last official one, because Taft's successor, Woodrow Wilson, asked the city of Washington to not do one, putting a brief end to the practice. The inaugural balls were brought back in 1949 as part of the second inauguration of Harry S. Truman.

Other websites
--------------


Wikisource has original writing related to this article:
**William Howard Taft's Inaugural Address**

* Text of Taft's Inaugural Address

| * v
* t
* e
United States presidential inaugurations |
| --- |
| 
* Washington (1789)
* Washington (1793)
* J. Adams (1797)
* Jefferson (1801)
* Jefferson (1805)
* Madison (1809)
* Madison (1813)
* Monroe (1817)
* Monroe (1821)
* J. Q. Adams (1825)
* Jackson (1829)
* Jackson (1833)
* Van Buren (1837)
* W. H. Harrison (1841)
* Tyler (1841)\*
* Polk (1845)
* Taylor (1849)
* Fillmore (1850)\*
* Pierce (1853)
* Buchanan (1857)
* Lincoln (1861)
* Lincoln (1865)
* A. Johnson (1865)\*
* Grant (1869)
* Grant (1873)
* Hayes (1877)
* Garfield (1881)
* Arthur (1881)\*
* Cleveland (1885)
* B. Harrison (1889)
* Cleveland (1893)
* McKinley (1897)
* McKinley (1901)
* T. Roosevelt (1901)\*
* T. Roosevelt (1905)
* Taft (1909)
* Wilson (1913)
* Wilson (1917)
* Harding (1921)
* Coolidge (1923)\*
* Coolidge (1925)
* Hoover (1929)
* F. D. Roosevelt (1933)
* F. D. Roosevelt (1937)
* F. D. Roosevelt (1941)
* F. D. Roosevelt (1945)
* Truman (1945)\*
* Truman (1949)
* Eisenhower (1953)
* Eisenhower (1957)
* Kennedy (1961)
* L. B. Johnson (1963)\*
* L. B. Johnson (1965)
* Nixon (1969)
* Nixon (1973)
* Ford (1974)\*
* Carter (1977)
* Reagan (1981)
* Reagan (1985)
* G. H. W. Bush (1989)
* Clinton (1993)
* Clinton (1997)
* G. W. Bush (2001)
* G. W. Bush (2005)
* Obama (2009)
* Obama (2013)
* Trump (2017)
* Biden (2021)

 |  |
| \*Non-scheduled (extraordinary) inaugurations |
Indie book award
**Indie Book Awards( Next Generation Indie Book Awards)** is an American literary awards program. It recognizes and honors authors and books in different categories. "Indies" include small presses, larger independent publishers, university presses, e-book publishers, and self-published authors. It was established in 2007. It is the largest international awards program and, is presented by the Independent Book Publishing Professionals Group.

History
-------

This award was founded in 2007 by Catherine Goulet and Marilyn Allen of Allen O’Shea Literary Agency.. It is presented by the Independent Book Publishing Professionals Group. The judges are professionals from the publishing industry,literary agents, editors and authors.

Trophy,cash prizes and medals are awarded to winners and finalists each year during Book Expo America.The top books in each category are reviewed by literary agents. The awards ceremonies are held in New York City.The Next Generation Indie Book Awards program has been said to be the 'Sundance' of the book publishing world.
**Joseph-Louis Lagrange** (born Giuseppe Lodovico [Luigi] Lagrangia, Turin, Piedmont, 25 January 1736 – Paris, 10 April 1813) was a mathematician and astronomer. According to one authority, he was "the greatest mathematician of the eighteenth century".

He lived part of his life in Prussia and part in France. He made significant contributions to mathematical analysis, from number theory, to classical and celestial mechanics. 

On the recommendation of Euler and d'Alembert, in 1766 Lagrange succeeded Euler as the director of mathematics at the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin. He stayed there for over twenty years, producing a large body of work and winning several prizes of the French Academy of Sciences. 

Lagrange's treatise on analytical mechanics, first published in 1788, was the best treatment of classical mechanics since Newton, and helped the development of mathematical physics in the nineteenth century.

Life
----

Lagrange's parents were Italian, although he also had French ancestors on his father's side. In 1787, at age 51, he moved from Berlin to France and became a member of the French Academy, and he remained in France until the end of his life. Therefore, Lagrange is alternatively considered a French and an Italian scientist. 

Lagrange survived the French Revolution and became the first professor of analysis at the École Polytechnique upon its opening in 1794. Napoleon appointed Lagrange to the Legion of Honour and made him a Count of the Empire in 1808. Lagrange is buried in the Panthéon and his name appears as one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower.

Related pages
-------------

* Lagrange point
* Lagrange's theorem (group theory)
***In the Aeroplane Over the Sea*** is the second album recorded by Neutral Milk Hotel. It was released in February 1998. After the album came out and the band finished doing concerts to promote it, the leader of the band named Jeff Mangum became very private and basically disappeared except for one small concert in New Zealand and a reunion tour in the 2010s.

Sound
-----

The album has many influences. Some of them are folk music, noise rock, and Eastern European music. A wide variety of instruments are played on the album. Some of them are bagpipes, distorted electric guitars, musical saw, accordion, and brass instruments.

Track listing
-------------

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The King of Carrot Flowers, Pt. One"   | 2:00 |
| 2. | "The King of Carrot Flowers, Pts. Two & Three" (Written by Jeremy Barnes, Julian Koster, Mangum, Spillane) | 3:06 |
| 3. | "In the Aeroplane Over the Sea"   | 3:22 |
| 4. | "Two-Headed Boy"   | 4:26 |
| 5. | "The Fool" (Spillane) | 1:53 |
| 6. | "Holland, 1945"   | 3:15 |
| 7. | "Communist Daughter"   | 1:57 |
| 8. | "Oh Comely"   | 8:18 |
| 9. | "Ghost"   | 4:08 |
| 10. | Untitled   | 2:16 |
| 11. | "Two-Headed Boy, Pt. Two"   | 5:13 |
| **Total length:** | **39:55** |