recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Walls of Ávila
The **Walls of Ávila** in central Spain were completed between the 11th and 12th centuries. They are the city's principal historic feature.

About
-----

The work was started in 1090 by Raymond of Burgundy. Most of the walls appear to have been rebuilt in the 12th century. The enclosed area is a rectangle of 31 hectares (77 acres) with a perimeter of some 2,516 metres (8,255 ft), including 90 semicircular crenellated towers. The walls have an average width of 3 metres (9.8 ft). They have an average height of 12 metres (39 ft). The wall has nine fortified gates. The Puerta de San Vicente (Gate of St Vincent) and Puerta del Alcazar (Gate of the Fortress) are flanked by twin towers, 20 metres (66 ft) high, linked by a semicircular arch. The apse of the cathedral also forms one of the towers. The fortifications are the most complete in Spain.

It is possible to walk on the walls for about half their circumference. Some of the walls will never be able to be walked on because they are connected to other buildings. There is a large section of the walls that have not been made safe for people.

The site was registered as a National Monument in 1884. In 1985, the old city of Ávila and its extramural churches were declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO.

The walls were one of finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.

Gallery
-------

Walls by night
* A view of the Walls of ÁvilaA view of the Walls of Ávila
* Another view.Another view.
* Puerta del AlcazarPuerta del Alcazar
* Walls of Ávila.Walls of Ávila.
* View of the apse from the east face of the walls.View of the apse from the east face of the walls.

Sources
-------

* *The information in this article is based on that in its Spanish equivalent*.

Other websites
--------------

* Walls of Ávila in Artegias.com (in Spanish)
* - Muralla de

Coordinates: 40°39′23.22″N 4°42′0.432″W﻿ / ﻿40.6564500°N 4.70012000°W﻿ / 40.6564500; -4.70012000
**Freddie Ray Marshall** (born August 22, 1928) is an American politician, writer, and educator. He is the Professor Emeritus of the Audre and Bernard Rapoport Centennial Chair in Economics and Public Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin.

Early life
----------

Marshall was born in 1928 in Oak Grove, Louisiana. He spent some of his youth in an orphanage. He joined the US Navy at age 15 by overstating his age. After serving in World War II, he attended Louisiana State University and Millsaps College.

While attending Millsaps, he became a member of Lambda Chi Alpha Fraternity. He has a Ph.D is from University of California, Berkeley in economics.

Career
------

He has held several academic posts, but since 1962 has been at the University of Texas, with the exception of his term as United States Secretary of Labor as a member of Jimmy Carter's Administration.

As Secretary of Labor, he expanded public service and job-training programs, as a part of Carter's economic stimulus program.

Personal life
-------------

Marshall was also one of the founders of the Economic Policy Institute in 1986.

More reading
------------

* *Editor: Back to Shared Prosperity: The Growing Inequality of Wealth and Income in America, ISBN 978-0765604255*

Other websites
--------------

* U.S. Department of Labor Marshall biography Archived 2014-09-10 at the Wayback Machine
A **protagonist** is the main character of a story. It can be used for any kind of story: in literature, a movie, a television show or a play. The protagonist is also called the **central character** or **main character** and is often the **hero** of the story. However, the protagonist does not always win and survive in a story.

Protagonists are usually moral and benevolent, helping other characters to change their badness to become good again, or defeating the bad characters. This is not always the case. For example, the protagonists in Psycho and Lolita are (respectively) a serial killer and a pedophile.

The protagonist's name can sometimes be in the title of the fiction he or she is in, for example:

* In *Harry Potter*, Harry Potter is the protagonist.
* In the anime *Naruto* and *InuYasha*, Naruto and Inuyasha are the protagonists.
* In the tragedy *Hamlet* by William Shakespeare, the prince Hamlet himself is the protagonist of the story.
* In *DC Comics*, Batman is the protagonist.
* In *Marvel Comics*, Spider-Man is the protagonist.
* In the Mario Games, Mario is the protagonist.
* In the Sonic Games, Sonic is the protagonist.
* In *Stranger Things*,Eleven is the protagonist
*Other unrelated diseases with a similar name are typhus and paratyphoid fever*
In 2000, the areas shown in red reported many cases; those in brown reported a few cases
**Typhoid**, or **typhoid fever**, is an illness caused by the bacterium *Salmonella enterica* subspecies *enterica*. Symptoms may vary from mild to severe, and usually begin 6 to 30 days after exposure. The disease is spread by water which has the bacteria in it.

Transmission
------------

Typhi is spread through from what is called the *fecal–oral route*. The source is people who are infected but have no symptoms. An asymptomatic human carrier is an individual who is still excreting typhoid bacteria in their stool a year after the acute stage of the infection.

The disease
-----------

Typhoid usually lasts between two weeks and a month. The symptoms of typhoid often appear 10 to 14 days after infection. If no treatment is given, between one and three out of every ten patients die. The rest usually get better after a month, at the most.

Typhoid causes a steady fever of at least 103–104 degrees F (39–40 degrees C). Also, it can cause stomach pains, headache, being delirious (restless, excited, seeing things), and not being hungry. In some cases, flat, pink coloured spots show up on the patient's body. Sometimes there are no symptoms. 

Typhoid is not common in countries with good sanitation and clean water. For example, scientists think that there are only 400 cases a year in the United States. In 2015, 12.5 million new cases worldwide were reported. For example, in the Indian subcontinent, typhoid is one of the most common diseases because of poor sanitation and lack of basic hygiene.In that case, typhoid fever is common in children of the one to 15 years age group.

The disease can be treated with antibiotics. There are standard drugs like *chloromycetin* which cure typhoid.
Arenal Volcano National Park, a protected area in Costa Rica
**Protected areas** or **conservation areas** are locations with special protection. They are protected because of their recognized natural, ecological or cultural importance. Areas are usually protected by law. The law can be local, from the country of the protected area, or even internationally.

Protected areas are important for biodiversity. They often provide an area safe from hunting or changes to the environment. This provides a safe habitat for threatened and endangered species. They are also important to protect naturally formed areas, like the Grand Canyon, from damage by humans.

There are many types of protected areas. One type is a **marine protected area**. A marine protected area is for seas, oceans, estuaries or large lakes.

Northeast Greenland National Park is an example of a protected area. The park protects a large variety of animals, such as musk oxen, walrus, and King Eider. Another example of a protected area is the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. This area is protected because it is an important archaeological site.

Related pages
-------------

* Marine reserve
* Nature reserve
* World Heritage Site
A **repository** is a way of storing information related to a file system. For version control software (VCS), it is used to store information about files, their size, date of creation, and any changes made to them (often called "commits"). Common examples of software that use repositories are Git and Mercurial, but others do exist.

A repository can be stored on a person's computer *locally* (not on the internet), but it can also be stored *remotely* (on a network or the internet). One of the most popular websites for hosting repositories is GitHub, however others such as GitLab exist. If a person wants to use a public repository on these kinds of websites, they can "clone" the repository onto their computer. This creates a copy of the repository, and all of the files (usually computer code) related to it. A person can then make changes to the repository, and they can "commit" those changes to their local repository (which means that their changes are recorded in the repository's history). If they wish to update the remote repository (the one stored online) they can "push" their changes to it. This updates the repository on the website or network location.

Related pages
-------------

* CTAN - Repository for LaTeX

Other websites
--------------

* GitHub
**Typhoon Francisco** was a typhoon that devastated Japan, especially Kyushu, and South Korea. It was the next typhoon after Typhoon Wutip of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season.

Meteorological History
----------------------

Storm path
On August 1, a tropical depression formed east of the Mariana Islands and got the name 10W. The depression rapidly began intensifying while moving NW and became a tropical storm. When 10W became a tropical storm is got the name Francisco. Overtime Francisco continued intensifying while moving towards Japan. Francisco gradually strengthened over the next few days becoming a severe tropical storm with 65 mph winds and a pressure of 985. Francisco continued to move when it the Bonin Islands. The storm moved towards Japan and after 12 hours it became a typhoon. Typhoon Francisco made landfall in Japan on August 6 early in the morning. Typhoon Francisco weakened down to a tropical storm but, is said to make landfall in South Korea as well.

Preparations and impact
-----------------------

### Japan

In anticipation of coastal flooding, 20,020 people were evacuated from Kokuraminami-ku and Moji-ku. Striking Kyushu as a typhoon, Francisco brought heavy rain and strong winds to much of the island. Rainfall accumulations exceeded 120 mm (4.7 in) in Nobeoka and 110 mm (4.3 in) in Saiki. A maximum wind gust of 143 km/h (89 mph) was observed at Miyazaki Airport. Two people suffered injury after being knocked over by strong winds.

### Korean Peninsula

Heavy rainfall will also be a concern across South Korea as Francisco tracks northward through Wednesday.

Busan and southeast South Korea were the first to be impacted by Francisco with nearly 75 mm (3 inches) of rain falling in less than 10 hours on Tuesday.

Rainfall of 75-150 mm (3-6 inches) is expected across the eastern half of the country with 25-75 mm (1-3 inches) in west-central locations and less than 25 mm (1 inch) in western parts of the country, including Seoul.

Francisco will remain a tropical depression as it moves into the Sea of Japan (East Sea) late Wednesday.
A **writing system** (also called a **script**) is a system of symbols used to represent language. There are different kinds of writing systems, with symbols that represent different things. For example, English uses an alphabet (the Latin alphabet).

Writing systems of the world today.
The fundamental principle is that symbols stand for sound, but there is more to it than that. The term "writing system" includes more than just (for example) an alphabet. Alphabets are part of a "graphic inventory" which includes punctuation, diacritics, ideograms (e.g. numbers) and logograms (standing for specific words such as $, & etc.).

Types of writing systems
------------------------

There are many different types of writing systems. Each grapheme, or symbol, can mean different things in different writing systems. Depending on what an individual symbol means, such as a whole word or a sound, each writing system is categorized as a different type.

### Logography

A logography is a writing system with symbols that mean whole words or symbols that represent ideas. These symbols are called "logograms" or "logographs". Examples of logographies are Chinese characters (used in Chinese) and hieroglyphs.

### Syllabary

A syllabary is a writing system with symbols that each mean a syllable. Examples of syllabaries are *hiragana* and *katakana* (used in Japanese) and the Cherokee syllabary (used in Cherokee).

### Alphabet

See the main article: Alphabet
An alphabet is a writing system with symbols that mean individual sounds (or phonemes). There are different types of alphabets.

#### True alphabets

A true alphabet is a writing system with symbols that mean both consonants and vowels. Examples of alphabetic writing systems are the Latin alphabet, (used in large parts of the world), the Greek alphabet (used in Greek), and the Cyrillic alphabet (used in many countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, where Russia had a major influence during the days of the Soviet Union).

#### Abjad

See the main article: Abjad
Alphabets that only write consonants (and do not write vowels) are called abjads. Examples of abjads are the Arabic alphabet, which is used in much of the Muslim world, and the Hebrew alphabet used for Jewish languages like Hebrew and Yiddish. Both of these abjads are written in lines that run from right to left. The logic is that people in those areas know what vowels are used when the words are spoken.

#### Abugida

See the main article: Abugida
Abugidas are alphabets where consonants are written as a symbol, and vowels are written as diacritics. Examples of abugidas are many writing systems of India and Southeast Asia, such as Devanagari (used in Hindi and Sanskrit).

Direction of writing
--------------------

Each writing system can be written in different directions. English (which uses the Latin alphabet) is written from left to right. Some languages, like Arabic, are written from right to left.

Some languages, like Chinese and Japanese, can be written vertically (from top to bottom).

Related pages
-------------

* Writing tool
* Constructed script - a writing system made by someone for a specific purpose
**World Championship Wrestling (WCW)** was a professional wrestling company and also the name of a 2-hour wrestling show on TBS created by Ted Turner in 1982.

History
-------

One of the earliest shows to be broadcast on Ted Turner's WTBS station was **World Championship Wrestling**, airing at 6:05 in the afternoon. Wrestling had aired on the channel since 1972. World Championship Wrestling was taped in Atlanta, Georgia, at WTBS' studios at 1050 Techwood Drive until 1989, when the taping location was moved to the Center Stage Theater, in Atlanta. In 1988, Turner started the company World Championship Wrestling, named after the show. The show was then called **WCW Saturday Night** in 1992. WCW grew bigger with wrestlers such as Ric Flair, Sting, Arn Anderson, Lex Luger, The Steiner Brothers, Vader and Ron Simmons. In 1995, a Monday night show was added called **WCW Monday Nitro** to compete with the World Wrestling Federation and it's flagship show Raw in what became known as the *Monday Night Wars* winning until 1998.

Ted Turner lost control of his networks TBS and TNT in October 1996. He still was in charge of day-to-day operations of the Turner channels and WCW, but Time Warner had majority ownership over it, so basically any major decisions had to be approved by them. WCW began to decline in 1998 and got significantly worse after an event called the **Fingerpoke of Doom** on the first Nitro of 1999. In January 2001, AOL merged with Time Warner and Ted Turner was forced out of TNT, TBS and WCW. The new owners decided not to show wrestling anymore. Turner still supported wrestling, but Time Warner didn't and in the end WCW was bought out by the World Wrestling Federation who shut it down.

The video library and copyrights were bought by WWE on March 23, 2001. WWE Classics On Demand continues to show episodes of the original World Championship Wrestling program.

Other websites
--------------

* Official Website

| * v
* t
* e
WWE |
| --- |
| History | 
* WrestleMania
* Montreal Screwjob
* Attitude Era
* Death of Owen Hart
* The Invasion
* Brand Extension
* Death of Eddie Guerrero

 |
| Programming | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Television | 
* *Raw*
* *SmackDown*
* *Superstars*
* *Tough Enough*
* *Tribute to the Troops*

 |
| Pay-per-view andWWE Network events | 
* Royal Rumble
* Fastlane
* Roadblock
* WrestleMania
* Extreme Rules
* Payback
* Money in the Bank
* Battleground
* SummerSlam
* Backlash
* Clash of Champions
* No Mercy
* Hell in a Cell
* Survivor Series
* TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs

 |
| Other | 
* WWE Network programming

 |

 |
| Talent | 
* Roster
* Other Teams and stables
* Hall of Fame
* Alumni

 |
| Notable acquisitions | 
* World Championship Wrestling
* Extreme Championship Wrestling

 |
| Other divisions and partnerships | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Current | 
* WWE NXT

 |
| Former | 
* Deep South Wrestling
* Florida Championship Wrestling
* Ohio Valley Wrestling

 |

 |
| Accomplishments | 
* Current champions
* Royal Rumble
* Money in the Bank
* André the Giant Memorial Trophy
* King of the Ring

 |
**Ross Lipsett** (1911 - January 15, 1995) was a municipal politician in Toronto in the 1950s. A lifelong resident of The Beaches, he served first as an alderman for Ward 8 (representing The Beaches), on Toronto City Council, and then on the Toronto Board of Control in 1954, when he was appointed by council to fill a vacancy on the board. However, when he ran in the December 1954 Toronto municipal election to retain his seat, he was defeated. Lipsett was first elected to city council in the January 1950 Toronto municipal election representing Ward 8, and was re-elected in December 1950 Toronto municipal election and again in 1951 Toronto municipal election in the 1952 Toronto municipal election and 1953 Toronto municipal election. In every election, Lipsett was elected senior alderman from his ward (each ward elected two aldermen). Consequently, as senior alderman for his ward, he was also a founding member of Metropolitan Toronto Council when Metropolitan Toronto was created in April 1953.

On July 7, 1954, he was appointed to the Board of Control, Toronto municipal government's executive body, to fill a vacancy created by Mayor Allan Lamport's resignation and Controller Leslie Saunders's appointment as interim mayor. In council's vote on filling the vacancy, Lipsett defeated alderman Allan Grossman and former alderman Joseph Cornish on the first ballot. The appointment was controversial as Cornish had finished in fifth place in the previous municipal election, narrowly missing winning a seat on the four-member board by 4,600 votes in the city-wide election. In the December 1954 Toronto municipal election, Cornish again ran for the board and succeeded in winning the fourth position, beating Lipsett by 10,000 votes. As an alderman and controller, Lipsett favoured increased social assistance to the elderly and the construction of emergency housing as well as the construction of the Don Valley Parkway and the proposed Scarborough Expressway and also advocated the conversion of the Toronto Islands to parkland, opposing proposals to build a bridge or tunnel connecting the islands to the mainland.

Outside of politics, Lipsett owned Ross Lipsett Tires and Automotive Supplies Wholesalers in Leaside.
Map of Antarctica
The **Ross Sea** is a deep bay of the Southern Ocean in Antarctica between Victoria Land and Marie Byrd Land.

Description
-----------

The Ross Sea was discovered by James Ross in 1841. In the west of the Ross Sea is Ross Island. In the east is Roosevelt Island. The southern part is covered by the Ross Ice Shelf. In the west of the Ross sea, McMurdo Sound is a port which is usually free of ice during the summer. The southernmost part of the Ross Sea is Gould Coast, which is about two hundred miles from the Geographic South Pole.

All land masses in the Ross Sea are claimed by New Zealand.

A 10 metre (32.8 feet) long colossal squid weighing 495 kilograms (1,091 lb) was captured in the Ross Sea on February 22, 2007.

Ecological importance and conservation
--------------------------------------

The flora and fauna are similar to other southern Antarctic marine regions. In summer there are a lot of plankton. They provide food for larger species, such as fish, seals, whales, and sea- and shore-birds.

The coastal parts of the sea have a number of rookeries of Adélie and Emperor penguins. They have been seen at a number of places around the Ross Sea, both towards the coast and outwards in open sea.

The Ross Sea is one of the last parts of seas on Earth that is mostly unaffected by human activities. Because of this, it is almost totally free from pollution, overfishing and the introduction of invasive species. Some people want to make the area a world marine reserve.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Ross Sea at Wikimedia Commons

Coordinates: 75°S 175°W﻿ / ﻿75°S 175°W﻿ / -75; -175

| * v
* t
* e
Antarctica |
| --- |
| General | 
* Antarctic Treaty System
* Climate
* Colonization
* Crime
* Demographics
* Economy
* Expeditions
* Field camps
* Firefighting
* Flags
* Flora
* Geography
* Geology
* Glaciers
* Global warming
* History
* Mammals
* Microorganisms
* Military activity
* Mountains
* Protected areas
* Religion
* Research stations
* Telecommunications
* Territorial claims
* Time
* Tourism
* Transport
* Volcanoes
* Wildlife

 |  |
| Geographic regions | 
* Antarctic Peninsula
* East Antarctica
* West Antarctica
* Ecozone
* Extreme points
* Floristic Kingdom
* Islands

 |
| Waterways | 
* Lake Vostok
* Lake Mercer
* List of rivers
* McMurdo Sound
* Ross Sea
* Southern Ocean
* Weddell Sea
* Lake CECs

 |
| Famous explorers | 
* Roald Amundsen
* Richard E. Byrd
* Douglas Mawson
* James Clark Ross
* Robert Falcon Scott
* Ernest Shackleton
* *more...*

 |
| 
* Category
* Commons

 |

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* VIAF

 |
| National | 
* Germany
* Israel
* United States

 |
| Other | 
* NARA
* IdRef

 |
A statue of Paul Bogle
**Paul Bogle** (1822 – 24 October 1865) was a Jamaican Baptist deacon and activist. He is a National Hero of Jamaica because he was a leader of the 1865 Morant Bay protesters, who marched for justice and fair treatment for all the people in Jamaica. After leading the Morant Bay Rebellion, Bogle was captured by government troops, tried by British authorities under martial law, and hanged on 24 October 1865 in the Morant Bay Court House.

Bogle had become the friend of wealthy landowner and fellow Baptist George William Gordon, a biracial man who served in the Assembly as one of two representatives from St. Thomas-in-the-East parish.

Bogle led a group of small farmers 45 miles to the then capital, Spanish Town, hoping to meet with Governor Eyre to discuss their issues, but they were denied an audience. The people of Stony Gut lost confidence and trust in the Government, and Bogle’s supporters grew in number in the parish.

Legacy
------

In 1969 Paul Bogle was named a National Hero along with George William Gordon, Marcus Garvey, Sir Alexander Bustamante, Norman Washington Manley and Nanny.

Bogle is on the heads side of the Jamaican 10 cent coin. His face was also on the Jamaican two-dollar bill, from 1969 until 1989, when the two-dollar bill was cut out.

The Paul Bogle High School in the parish of his birth is named after him.

He is referred to together with Toussaint L'Ouverture, leader of the Haitian Revolution, in the name of the London-based publishing company Bogle-L'Ouverture.
***Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?*** is a 1957 movie. It stars Jayne Mansfield, Tony Randall, Mickey Hargitay, and Groucho Marx in a cameo appearance. It was produced and directed by Frank Tashlin. He also wrote the screenplay, using little more than the title and the character of Rita Marlowe from the Broadway play of the same name by George Axelrod. The play ran from 1955 to 1956. It also starred Mansfield. The movie was a great success.

It received a nomination for a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Actor – Musical/Comedy (Tony Randall). It also received a nomination for the Writers Guild of America, East WGA Award (Screen) for Best Written American Comedy (Frank Tashlin). In 2000, the movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Other websites
--------------

* *Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?* on IMDb
* *Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?* at AllMovie
* *Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?*  at the TCM Movie Database
* *Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?* at Rotten Tomatoes
The **Snowy Mountains**, known informally as "**The Snowies**", is a region of southeastern Australia and the highest mountain range on the island. It contains the Australian mainland's highest mountain, Mount Kosciuszko, height 2,228 m (7,310 ft). This is one the five highest peaks in the range, all of which are above 2,100 m (6,890 ft). 

The Snowy Mountains are in southern New South Wales and are part of the larger Australian Alps and Great Dividing Range. Unusually for Australia, the mountain range have large natural snowfalls every winter. Snow normally falls the most in June, July and early August. Therefore, most of the snow usually melts by late spring. The Tasmanian highlands are the other (major) alpine region in Australia.

The range is host to the mountain plum-pine, a low-lying type of conifer. The region is one of the centres of the Australian ski industry during the winter months: all four snow resorts in New South Wales are in the region.

The Alpine Way and Snowy Mountains Highway are the major roads that go through the Snowy Mountains region.
**Mok-dong** is a district in Yangcheongu, Seoul. It is in the northern west part of Yangcheon District and shares borders with Yeongdeungpo District Yanpyeongdong on its east, Shinjeongdong on its north, and Yeomchangdong on its southern north. As a typical agricultural areas in the past, it was made of small communities. In the 1970s, it started to develop as a large scale housing area. After the 1960s and 1970s, there used to be ghettos around the Anyangcheon bank formed by people who were dispossessed of their belongings and those who had moved there from rural areas, but the spots disappeared since the new town layout. The Mok-dong new town layout was announced in 1983, and completed in 1988.

Mok-dong is famous for being the number two private education center after Gangnam. Subway stations Omokgyo line five and ShinMokdong line nine are located there. Major facilities of the district include Mokdong Stadium, Anyangcheon, Yongwang mountain park, the Christian broadcasting station, SBS, and the Paris Park.

Mokdong Ice Rink
----------------

The rink opened on December 1, 1989. It is 30x61m, which is the international ice rink standard on its ground and basement floors. On the second floor there are 5,000 audience seats. Around the ground floor rink there are 10 skater waiting rooms, a restaurant with room for 200, 2 snack bars, changing rooms, training rooms, 2 skating equipment stores, and one ice hockey equipment store. Opening hours are from 14:00 to 18:00 Mondays through Saturdays and 12:00 to 18:00 on Sundays and national holidays.

Anyangcheon (Anyang stream)
---------------------------

The stream rises from Anyang temple in the Samseong mountain, hence the name Anyangcheon. A stream with its source in the Samseong mountain (三聖山), Hakeu stream (鶴儀川) from the Baekun mountain (白雲山), and Sanbon stream from (山本川) from Gunpo join in Seoksudong, Anyang and flow northward. The stream passes Gwangmyeong and Geumcehon, Guro, and Yeongdeungpo disctricts of Seoul and flow into Han River passing from the western side of Seongsan bridge.

Yongwangsan Park
----------------

The park was selected as the first park of Mokdong in August 1971, in an announcement by the Minister of Construction. It was developed into a city park from 1989. The park is on a hill and enjoyed by residents as a place to relax. It offers 3 types of walking courses, 2 pavilions, 28 chairs, 3 entertainment equipment. Activity facilities include 4 badminton courts, 24 gyms and 2 drinking fountains. 120 thousand visits are made per year.

Ewha Women's University Mok-dong Hospital
-----------------------------------------

Mok-dong hospital is a patient-oriented hospital and provides specialized treatment of illness through a comprehensive medical testing center, medical emergency center, cardiovascular center, hematinic cell transplant center, and a cerebral nerve center for better medical quality and service improvement. The hospital also runs a breast center, obesity clinic, and a female urology clinic for the treatment of women.
**Thomas William "Tom" Roberts** (9 March 1856 – 14 September 1931) was an Anglo-Australian artist. He was an important member of the Heidelberg School.

Life
----

Roberts parents were newspaper editors. The family moved to Australia in 1869. They lived in Collingwood. He worked as a photographer's assistant through the 1870s. He studied art at night under Louis Buvelot. He became friends with Frederick McCubbin. He returned to England for three years of full-time art study at the Royal Academy Schools from 1881 to 1884.

Through the 1880s and 1890s he worked in Victoria. He married 35 year old Elizabeth (Lillie) Williamson in 1896. They had a son, Caleb. Many of his most famous paintings come from this period. 

He spent World War I in England helping at a hospital. In Australia, he built a house at Kallista, near Melbourne. This was a happy period in Roberts' life.

Elizabeth died in January 1928. Tom remarried, to Jean Boyes, in August 1928. He died in 1931 of cancer in Kallista near Melbourne. He is buried near near Longford, Tasmania.

Works
-----

Roberts painted a lot of fine oil landscapes and portraits. His most famous works, in his time, were two large works, *Shearing the Rams* and *The Big Picture*. Roberts had a theme of showing country people working. Many examples of Roberts' work can be seen at the National Gallery of Australia. *The Big Picture* is at Parliament House, Canberra.

* The Big Picture, opening of the Parliament of Australia, 9 May 1901.*The Big Picture*, opening of the Parliament of Australia, 9 May 1901.
* Shearing the Rams*Shearing the Rams*
* 'A quiet day on Darebin Creek' (1885)'A quiet day on Darebin Creek' (1885)
* Painting The Big PicturePainting *The Big Picture*
A selection of low-cost safety razors
A **safety razor** is a shaving implement with a protective device put between the edge of the blade and the skin. The reason for the protective devices was to make it easier for people to shave without getting hurt. This made professional barbers less needed. The term was first used in a patent issued in 1880.

Plastic disposable razors and razors with replaceable blade attachments are in common use today. Razors commonly include one to five cutting edges, which are sharp.

Design
------

Safety razors first had an edge protected by a comb patterned on different types of protective guards that had been placed to open-blade straight razors during the preceding decades.

Lifespan
--------

To maintain the sharpness, razors can be stropped using an old strip of denim.

Safety razors are usually made of razor steel. That is a low chromium stainless steel, and it can be made very sharp. However, it corrodes easily. Drying the blades after using them can make them last longer. Salt from human skin also can corrode the blades, but washing and carefully drying them can make them last longer.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Safety razors***.

* RazorArchive.com
* The Safety Razor Evolution (Gillette.co.uk)
**Toho Company, Ltd.** (東宝株式会社. *Tōhō Kabushiki-Kaisha*) is a Japanese film studio. It is headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, and is one of the core companies of the Hankyu Hanshin Toho Group. In the West, it is best known as the producer of many kaiju and tokusatsu movies, the films of Akira Kurosawa, and the anime films of Studio Ghibli, as well as the Pokémon movies.

The company's most famous creation, the Godzilla franchise, was created by Tomoyuki Tanaka.

It’s one of Japan's four major film studios.

History
-------

Toho was founded by the Hankyu Railway in 1932 as the Tokyo-Takarazuka Theater Company by industrialist Ichizō Kobayashi. It managed much of the kabuki in Tokyo and, among other properties, the Tokyo Takarazuka Theater and the Imperial Garden Theater in Tokyo; Toho and Shochiku enjoyed a duopoly over theaters in Tokyo for many years. After several successful film exports to the United States during the 1950s, Toho opened the La Brea Theatre in Los Angeles to show its own films without selling to a distributor. It was known as the Toho Theatre from the late 1960s until the 1970s. Toho also had a theater in San Francisco and opened a theater in New York in 1963.

The Shintoho Company was so named "New Toho" because it broke off from Toho.

They have contributed to the production of some American films, including Sam Raimi's A Simple Plan.

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Hydropower station in Bavaria
Power station in Taiwan
A **power station** (or **power plant**) is a place where electricity is produced. Most do this by a big spinning electrical generator. In big powers stations the spinning is usually driven by a steam turbine. The steam may come from:

* Burning fossil fuels
* Nuclear power, using radioactive sources
* Using the earth's heat, called geothermal energy
* Using the sun's heat

Some do not use steam engines to spin the generator. Rather they use: 

* Hydropower, which uses the power of moving water to drive turbines
* Using the wind to drive wind turbines
* Internal combustion engine power

A few power stations use the sun's rays to generate solar power without motion. There are many power stations around the world, because many things need electricity to work.

Stations may be operated as Load following power plant, peaking power plant, or base load power plant.

Energy sources
--------------

### Renewable energy resources

**Renewable heat energy**
* Solar thermal power
* Geothermal energy

**Renewable flow energy**
* Hydro-electric power
* Wind power
* Wave power
* Tidal power

### Non-renewable energy resources

These all use heat as a source of energy.

* Coal
* Oil
* Natural gas
* Nuclear power

### Solid-state electricity sources

These sources have no moving parts. They are more expensive than generators, and are used where other questions are more important.

* Solar cell
* Battery
* Thermocouple

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Power plants at Wikimedia Commons
An ATX power supply unit with top cover removed
A **power supply unit** (**PSU**) is a part of the computer that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). Other parts of the computer need this DC power so that they can work. The PSU makes sure that the DC output voltage can be handled by these computer parts.

Modern personal computers always use switched-mode power supplies, which has both efficiency advantages and makes designing for multiple voltage inputs easier. This means that most PSUs can operate in different countries where the power input might change. In the UK, the voltage is 240V 50Hz, whereas in the USA the voltage is 120V 60Hz, and in Australia it is 230V 50Hz. Some power supplies have a manual switch for selecting input voltage, while others automatically adapt to the mains voltage.

Most modern desktop personal computer power supplies conform to the ATX specification, which includes form factor and voltage tolerances. While an ATX power supply is connected to the mains supply, it always provides a 5-volt standby (5VSB) power so that the standby functions on the computer and certain peripherals are powered. ATX power supplies are turned on and off by a signal from the motherboard.
In English common law, a **writ** is a formal written order issued by a body with administrative or judicial jurisdiction. In modern use this generally is a court. Writs are issued by courts directing the person to whom they are addressed to do something or to not do something. Writs may also be used to direct other courts or public authorities. The authority for a court to issue a writ is given by the All Writs Act which is a United States federal statute originally a part of the Judiciary Act of 1789.

History
-------

In its earliest form a writ was simply a written order made by the English king to a specified person to undertake a specified action. For example in the feudal era a military summons by the king to one of his tenants-in-chief to appear dressed for battle with his knights at a certain place and time. An early usage survives in the United Kingdom. Also in Canada in a writ of election. This was is a written order issued on behalf of the monarch (in Canada, the Governor General) to local officials (High Sheriffs of every county in historical UK) to hold a general election. Writs were used by the medieval English kings to summon persons to Parliament.

Types of writs
--------------

There have been a great many kinds of writs. Some of the more common types still in use are:

* Writ of Habeas corpus: A legal document ordering a person who has been arrested to come before a court.
* Writ of Mandamus: This directs a government department or official to take an action.
* Writ of Prohibition: This writ directs a public authority not to take a specified action. Usually issued by appellate courts to lower courts.
* Writ of Certiorari (abbreviated Cert.): A kind of writ issued by an appellate court to review cases from a lower court.
* Writ of Quo warranto: A type of writ used to challenge the legality of someone holding a public office.
* Writ of Coram nobis: A writ issued by an appeals court to a lower court to correct a previous error.
A Hindu funeral pyre in Indonesia
A **pyre**, also known as a **funeral pyre**, is a structure used for burning a body. The word *pyre* comes from the Greek word for *fire*. Pyres are built outdoors. They are usually made from wood. The body is placed on top of the pyre or under it. Then the pyre is set on fire. Pyres are still used for funerals in some parts of the world. They are also used for other types of ceremonies. In those ceremonies, there is a big fire, but a body is not burned. Historically, pyres have also been used to kill people by burning them alive.

Pyres used for funerals
-----------------------

The Hindu, Sikh, and Buddhist religions still use pyres for the cremation of dead people. This form of funeral is thousands of years old. However, it is no longer legal in many countries. The ancient Greeks and ancient Romans used funeral pyres. The Vikings also used them. Viking funeral pyres were usually built on boats floating in the sea.

Other uses for pyres
--------------------

People sometimes use pyres to make a big fire or bonfire but they do not burn a real body. These types of pyres are used for celebrations or to remember a person or a special event. Pyres are often used in Guy Fawkes Night celebrations in the United Kingdom and some Commonwealth countries. In Denmark and Germany people light pyres to celebrate the summer solstice (the longest day of the year). People light pyres in Switzerland to celebrate their National Day.

Farmers sometimes use pyres to destroy the bodies of dead animals. They especially use them when the animals have died of a disease. This helps prevent the spread of the disease to other animals.

In the past, pyres were sometimes used to execute people. The people were burned while they were still alive. Often the person was tied to a stake (a very big stick) on top of the pyre. This type of execution was known as "burning at the stake". Joan of Arc died in this way.

Pictures
--------

* A Viking funeral pyre on a boatA Viking funeral pyre on a boat
* A pyre for a summer festival in GermanyA pyre for a summer festival in Germany
* Joan of Arc burning to death on a pyreJoan of Arc burning to death on a pyre

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Funeral pyres***.

* Ancient Roman funeral pyres
Rudolf Slánský
**Rudolf Slánský** (31 July 1901 – 3 December 1952) was a Czechoslovak Communist politician. He was a longtime member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. Later he was the General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee (1945-1951). Slánský was one of the main organizers of the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état. During World War II he was a member of Czechoslovak exile resistance in the foreign centre in Moscow. Slánský was executed on December 3, 1952 at Prague’s Pankrac Prison.

Early years
-----------

Slánský was born on July 31, 1901 in Nezvěstice near Pilsen, Bohemia. His father was a Jewish merchant. He studied at a public academy in Plzeň. Slánský joined the Czechoslovak Communist Party in 1921, three years after it was formed. In 1924 he was the editor of the Communist Party newspaper, *Rude Pravo*. He rose in the ranks of the Party becoming a member of the Central Committee. He was in hiding from 1929 to 1935 because the Party was illegal in Czechoslovakia at the time. He became a member of the National Assembly and a close associate of Klement Gottwald.

World War II
------------

When the Munich Agreement was signed in 1938, Czechoslovakia’s Sudetenland was taken over by Nazi Germany. When the German army marched into the Sudetenland on October 1, 1938, Slánský fled. He went to the Soviet Union and stayed there during most of World War II. He returned to Czechoslovakia in 1944 and took part in the Slovak National Uprising.

Postwar
-------

After the war, he was involved in politics. The Communist Party in Czechoslovakia agreed to accept many of Joseph Stalin's trained Czechs. Slánský was made the Secretary-General of the Party in Czechoslovakia. By 1948, it was clear that Gottwald was following the Stalinist style of politics.

Arrest and trial
----------------

Slánský himself had been in charge of purges of several of his associates. When Gottwald thought he might be next, he had Slánský and 13 others arrested. The charges against Slánský included treason, spying and sabotage. Slánský finally confessed after being tortured. Then he had to memorize a speech for the show trial. All of the 14 had confessed. Slánský was one of the 11 who was given a death sentence. Twice Slánský attempted suicide while he was waiting for his execution. Finally, on December 3, 1952, he was hanged at Pankrac Prison.

After Stalin died in 1953, there were fewer purges. In April 1963, Slánský and his fellow victims were cleared of the charges against them. In May, 1968, Slánský and the others were formally exonerated.
A blossom
**Prunus japonica** (also *Cerasus japonica*) is a shrub in the genus Prunus. It is also called **Korean cherry**, **Flowering almond** or **Oriental bush cherry**. It is used for ornamental use. Its range goes from Central China through to the Korean peninsula. *P. maximowiczii*, the Miyama cherry is also often called Korean cherry.

Description
-----------

The shrub reaches 1.5 m by 1.5 m. Its flowers are hermaphrodite. They are pollinated by insects. The plant blossoms in May. Its fruit reaches about 14 mm. It is used in making pies.

Every fruit has one seed. The plant usually grows from seed.

Other uses
----------

The leaves of this plant procure a green dye, while the fruit procures a greenish to grayish dye.

Varieties
---------

There are several varieties:

* *P. japonica eujaponica*
* *P. japonica gracillima*
* *P. kerii*
* *P. japonica nakaii*, originated from Manchuria, which gives bigger plums (up to 50 mm in diameter).

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Prunus japonica at Wikimedia Commons
**What A Cartoon!** (later known as ***The What A Cartoon! Show*** and **The Cartoon Cartoon Show**) is an animated American television series. It is an anthology series created by Fred Seibert for Cartoon Network. The cartoons were produced by Hanna Barbera Productions. By the end of the series, a Cartoon Network Studios logo was added to some of the cartoons. This was done to show that they were original. The series included 48 cartoons. They were meant to return creative power to animators and artists. It was believed they would do this by recreating the iconic cartoon characters of the mid-20th century. Each of the cartoons folllowed the structure of a theatrical cartoon. Each one was based on an original storyboard drawn and written by its artist or creator. Three of the cartoons were paired together into a half-hour episode.

The series first aired on on February 20, 1995. The cartoons were promoted as *World Premiere Toons*. During the original run, the name of the series was changed to *The What A Cartoon! Show*. It was later changed to *The Cartoon Cartoon Show* The series aired until August 23, 2002. 

The series helped revive television animation in the 1990s. It was a launching point for the Cartoon Network animated television series *Dexter’s Laboratory, Johnny Bravo, Courage the Cowardly Dog, Cow and Chicken, I Am Weasel,* and *The Powerpuff Girls.* Once it had several original cartoons, those became the first Cartoon Cartoons. From 2005 to 2008, *The Cartoon Cartoon Show!* was revived as a block for reruns of older Cartoon Cartoons that had been phased out by the network.
BGN logo
The **United States Board on Geographic Names** (BGN) is a United States federal body whose purpose is to establish and maintain uniform usage of geographic names throughout the government of the United States.

The Board's purpose is to standardize -- not regulate -- US and foreign geographic names, including the names of geographical features underseas and in Antarctica.

History
-------

The Board was created in 1890 by executive order of President Benjamin Harrison. The Board was given authority to resolve questions about geographic names.

In 1947, the Board was recreated by Congress in Public Law 80-242.

The Geographic Names Information System includes topographic map names and bibliographic references. The names of books and historic maps which confirm the feature or place name are cited. Variant names, alternatives to official federal names for a feature, are also recorded.

Processes for standardizing non-US geographic names, Antarctic names and undersea features were developed.

Related pages
-------------

* Geographic Names Information System
* Permanent Committee on Geographical Names
* Geographical Names Board of Canada

Other websites
--------------

* US Board on Geographic Names website
* Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) website
A **selectable marker** is a reporter gene introduced into a cell along with a gene insert. What this means is, the experimenter can tell the right gene is in the cell because the marker can be seen or detected.

Most often, this is used for bacteria or for cells in culture. Selectable markers show the success of a transfection or other procedure meant to introduce foreign DNA into a cell. It is a technique in gene targeting and gene knockout.

Selectable markers are often antibiotic resistance genes; bacteria that have been subjected to a procedure to introduce foreign DNA are grown on a medium containing an antibiotic. The antibiotic knocks out cells which do not have the resistant marker. Those bacterial colonies that can grow have successfully taken up and expressed the introduced genetic material.

An alternative to a selectable marker is a **screenable marker**, which allows the researcher to distinguish between wanted and unwanted cells.

Examples of selectable markers include:

* Beta-lactamase which confers ampicillin resistance to bacterial hosts.
* Neo gene from Tn5, which confers antibiotic resistance to kanamycin in bacteria and to geneticin in eukaryote cells.
* Mutant FabI gene (mFabI) from *E. coli* genome, which confers triclosan resistance to the host.