recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
*In this Japanese name, the family name is* Kawamura*.*
**Terry Teruo Kawamura** (December 10, 1949 – March 20, 1969) was a United States Army soldier. He was also a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor. He received it for his actions in the Vietnam War.

Early life
----------

Kawamura was born at Wahaiwa, Hawaii on the island of Oahu. His grandparents were Japanese immigrant parents. Kawamura was a *Sansei*, which means that he was a third generation Japanese-American.

Soldier
-------

Kawamura joined the Army from Oahu in 1968. By March 20, 1969, was serving as a Corporal in the 173rd Engineer Company, 173rd Airborne Brigade. On that day, at Camp Radcliff, Republic of Vietnam, Kawamura smothered an enemy-thrown explosive with his body, sacrificing his life to protect those around him.

Kawamura was 19 when he died. He was buried in Mililani Memorial Park in Mililani Town, Hawaii.

Medal of Honor citation
-----------------------

Kawamura's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in frontline fighting in Vietnam in 1969. He smothered the blast of an explosive charge with his body.

The words of Kawamura's citation explain:

> For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. Cpl. Kawamura distinguished himself by heroic action while serving as a member of the 173d Engineer Company. An enemy demolition team infiltrated the unit quarters area and opened fire with automatic weapons. Disregarding the intense fire, Cpl. Kawamura ran for his weapon. At that moment, a violent explosion tore a hole in the roof and stunned the occupants of the room. Cpl. Kawamura jumped to his feet, secured his weapon and, as he ran toward the door to return the enemy fire, he observed that another explosive charge had been thrown through the hole in the roof to the floor. He immediately realized that 2 stunned fellow soldiers were in great peril and shouted a warning. Although in a position to escape, Cpl. Kawamura unhesitatingly wheeled around and threw himself on the charge. In completely disregarding his safety, Cpl. Kawamura prevented serious injury or death to several members of his unit. The extraordinary courage and selflessness displayed by Cpl. Kawamura are in the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit upon himself, his unit, and the U.S. Army.
> 
>

Namesake
--------

Tanouye is the namesake of the Kawamura Gate which connects Wheeler Army Airfield with the city of Mililani. This east gate is named in honor of Kawamura.

Related pages
-------------

* List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Vietnam War
* List of Asian American Medal of Honor recipients
* Posthumous recognition

Other websites
--------------

* Terry Kawamura at Find a Grave

  


| Persondata |
| --- |
| Name | Kawamura, Terry Teruo |
| Alternative names |  |
| Short description | United States Army Medal of Honor recipient |
| Date of birth | December 10, 1949 |
| Place of birth | Wahiawā, Hawai'i |
| Date of death | March 20, 1969 |
| Place of death | Camp Radcliff, Republic of Vietnam |
**SC Weiße Elf Wien** is a former Austrian football club from the Meidling district of Vienna. The club played a total of 15 seasons in the second division between the 1924/25 and 1945/46 season.

History
-------

SC Weiße Elf was founded by sports-loving young people in July 1919 in Meidling. Professional football was introduced in Vienna in 1924 and the club officials decided to take part in the professional championship. The club was part of the second division and reached a midfield position in the first season. In the Cup they reached the Quarter finals. Because they had no own ground in 1936 they merged with SC Schwarz-Weiß Wien, which had its own sports field in the Penzing district. During the years of the Second World War club remained in the third level before they were reassigned to the second level in 1943.

After the end of the war Weiße Elf stayed in the Second league but was relegated after the first season. After the club had played in the third and fourth division in the next few years, the fall to the lower leagues of Viennese amateur football from the mid-1950s on. In 1980 there was a merger with the local *WAT 16*, and the merged club played under the name *WAT 16-Weiße Elf* in the following years. The addition was eliminated in the late 1980s and the traditional name of the Weißen Elf disappeared from Viennese football.

Famous players
--------------

* Karl Bortoli
* Karl Decker
* Hans Frankenstein
* Johann Hoffmann
* Franz Jellinek
* Emil Regnard
Alice in Wonderland 1951 movie based on the book Alice's Adventure's in Wonderland
Adapting a movie is the transfer of a certain work or story, either in part or in whole, to a motion picture. 

Common forms of movie adaptation are using a novel as the basis of a motion picture. Other works that are adapted to motion pictures are comic books, plays, historical sources and other movies.

Several plays from William Shakespeare have been adapted into movies. Those include *Hamlet*, *Othello* and *Romeo and Juliet*. Examples of Hamlet on screen are the 1969, 1990 and 1996 movies. Examples for *Romeo and Juliet* being adapted under film include the 1936, 1968 and *Romeo + Juliet* (1996) movies.

Across Britain, where stage plays tend being more popular for entertainment than in the United States, many movies start off as stage productions. Examples of British and British-American motion pictures based on successful British plays include *Gaslight* (1940), *Shirley Valentine* (1989) and *The Madness of King George* (1994).

In similar, hit Broadway plays are often adapted under movies. Examples of Broadway plays adapted under movies are *A Streetcar Named Desire* (1951), *Children of a Lesser God* (1986), *Glengarry Glen Ross* (1992) and *Real Women Have Curves* (2002).

Movies are sometimes created from a television series. In some cases, the movie offers a longer storyline than the usual television program format. In the adaptation of *The X-Files* to the movie format, greater effects and a longer plotline were involved. Adaptations of television shows will give the viewers an opportunity of seeing that show's characters without broadcast restrictions. Such additions–explicit sexual content, profanity, nudity, drug use, adult themes or graphic violence–are only the shown adaptive addition. Movie versions of *Miami Vice* and *South Park* are examples of such motion pictures adapted off the related television programs.

Awards
------

Certain major movies' award programs present awards for adapted screenplays, different from those for original screenplays.

The adaptation of motion pictures
---------------------------------

When movies' screenplays are original, they are also the sources for derivative works, like novels and plays. For example, certain movie studios will sell the rights of popular title to novel publishing companies.

Novelization builds up the characters and events happening for commercial reasons.

Examples of motion pictures adapted from novels are *Fanny Hill* (1748), *Where the Truth Lies* (2003), *Delta of Venus* (1977), *Young Adam* (1954), *Blue Is the Warmest Colour* (2013) and *Emmanuelle* (1974).
**Ryūjin** (Japanese 龍神 "dragon god", also called **Rinjin** and Owatatsumi) was the god of the sea in Japanese mythology. He was a dragon, a symbol of the power of the ocean, had a very big mouth, and could transform into human shape. Ryūjin lived in Ryūgū-jō, his palace under the sea built out of red and white coral, from where he was believed to control the tides with magical *tide jewels*. Sea turtles, fish and jellyfish were Ryūjin's servants.

Ryūjin was the father of the beautiful goddess Otohime who married the hunter prince Hoori. The first Emperor of Japan, Emperor Jimmu, is said to have been a grandson of Otohime and Hoori's. This means, Ryūjin is believed to be one of the ancestors of the Japanese imperial dynasty.

A legend about Ryūjin is the story about how the jellyfish lost its bones. This story tells that once, Ryūjin wanted to eat monkey's heart, and sent the jellyfish to get him a monkey. The monkey managed to escape from the jellyfish by telling him that he had put his heart in a jar in the forest, and offered to go and get it. When the jellyfish came back and told Ryūjin what had happened, Ryūjin became so angry that he beat the jellyfish until its bones were all broken.

Other websites
--------------

* Ryūjin Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine at the *Encyclopedia Mythica*.

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | **Japanese Mythology & Folklore** |
| **Mythic Texts and Folktales:**
 Kojiki | Nihon Shoki | Otogizōshi | Yotsuya Kaidan
 Urashima Tarō | Kintarō | Momotarō | Tamamo-no-Mae
 **Divinities:**
 Izanami | Izanagi | Amaterasu
 Susanoo | Ama-no-Uzume | Inari
 List of divinities | Kami | Seven Lucky Gods
 **Legendary Creatures:**
 Oni | Kappa | Tengu | Tanuki | Fox | Yōkai | Dragon
 **Mythical and Sacred Places:**
 Mt. Hiei | Mt. Fuji | Izumo | Ryūgū-jō | Takamagahara | Yomi |
**Schönbrunn Palace** is a former imperial 1,441-room Rococo summer residence in Vienna, Austria. It is one of the most important cultural monuments in the country. Since the 1960s it has been one of the major tourist attractions in Vienna. The palace and gardens show the tastes and interests of Habsburg monarchs.

Early history
-------------

In the year 1569, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II purchased a large floodplain of the Wien river. It was between Meidling and Hietzing. The emperor had the area to be fenced and put game there such as pheasants, ducks, deer and boar. This was the court's recreational hunting ground. In a small separate part of the area, "exotic" birds such as turkeys and peafowl were kept. Fishponds were built, too.

The name *Schönbrunn* (meaning "beautiful spring") is from an artesian well from which water was consumed by the court.

During the next century, the area was used as a hunting and recreation ground. Eleonora Gonzaga, who loved hunting, spent much time there. She was given the area as her widow's residence after the death of her husband, Ferdinand II. From 1638 to 1643, she added a palace to the Katterburg mansion. In 1642 it was called "Schönbrunn" for the first time. The start of the Schönbrunn orangery seem to go back to Eleonora Gonzaga as well.

Gardens
-------

The sculpted garden space between the palace and the *Sun Fountain* is called the *Great Parterre*. The French garden, a big part of the area, was planned by *Jean Trehet* in 1695. It has a maze.

Western parts were turned into English garden style in 1828–1852. At the outmost western edge, a botanical garden was made in 1828.

### Sculptures

Lining the Great Parterre are 32 sculptures, which represent deities and virtues.

Recent history
--------------

After the end of the monarchy in 1918, the new Austrian Republic became the owner of Schönbrunn Palace. They made it a museum.

Later it was used for important events such as the meeting between John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev in 1961.

UNESCO catalogued Schönbrunn Palace on the World Heritage List in 1996, together with its gardens, as a remarkable Baroque ensemble and example of synthesis of the arts.

Gallery
-------

* Katterburg and Gonzaga's palace near Wien river in 1672. In the background the hill of later Gloriette.*Katterburg* and Gonzaga's palace near *Wien river* in 1672. In the background the hill of later *Gloriette*.
* Schönbrunn from the front side, painted by Canaletto in 1758.Schönbrunn from the front side, painted by Canaletto in 1758.
* View of the Great Parterre on to the Gloriette.View of the Great Parterre on to the Gloriette.
* View of the gardens.View of the gardens.
* Schonbrunn Palace sculpture.Schonbrunn Palace sculpture.
* Round Pool.Round Pool.
* Foutain "Galizien, Lodomerien und Siebenbürgen" at the main entrance.Foutain "Galizien, Lodomerien und Siebenbürgen" at the main entrance.
* Palace from the Gloriette.Palace from the Gloriette.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Palace and gardens of Schönbrunn at Wikimedia Commons
For the golf resort, see Ross Bridge Golf Resort and Spa. For the bridge in Alabama, see Ross Bridge Alabama.

**Ross Bridge** is an historic bridge in the town of Ross in central Tasmania, Australia, completed in July 1836. It crosses the Macquarie River. It replaced an earlier bridge built in 1822 made of uncemented stone piers, with a road surface of logs and clay. This bridge was repaired after several piers fell down in 1828, and the bridge finally collapsed in 1831.

The sandstone bridge was built by convicts. It is the third oldest bridge still in use in Australia. The bridge was designed by architect John Lee Archer. Several attempts were made to build a new bridge. Corrupt officials sold materials the government had bought to make the bridge. Archer changed his designs, and a number of different overseers were put in charge. It was not until two convict stonemasons, James Colbeck and Daniel Herbert joined the building team that any progress was made. In 13 months they completed the bridge on which work had started seven years earlier. Herbert is responsible the detailed carvings along both sides of the bridge.
 The bridge was opened by the Governor of Tasmania, George Arthur, on 21 October, 1836. The bridge was registered on the Register of the National Estate in 1978.

Ross Bridge

Further reading about the Bridge
--------------------------------

* R Smith, Early Tasmanian bridges, Launceston, 1969;
* L Newitt, Convicts & carriageways, Hobart, 1988.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Ross Bridge***.

* Tasmanian Times stories focusing on the likenesses of Jorgen Jorgenson
* Sydney Morning Herald Travel article about Ross
* Tasmanian visitors' guide tourism article about Ross Archived 2011-08-22 at the Wayback Machine
* Ross Bridge on the Australian Heritage Database

Coordinates: 42°01′51″S 147°29′23″E﻿ / ﻿42.030727°S 147.489653°E﻿ / -42.030727; 147.489653
**Russell Albion "Russ" Meyer** (March 21, 1922 – September 18, 2004) was an American movie director, producer, screenwriter, cinematographer, editor, actor and photographer.

Meyer is known writing and directing on a series of successful low-budget sexploitation movies that featured campy humor, sly satire and large-breasted women such as in *Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!*.

During his early movie career, Meyer used to work with future Pulitzer Prize-winning movie critic Roger Ebert.

Early life
----------

Meyer was born on March 21, 1922 in San Leandro, California to a German-American family. He was raised in Oakland, California.

### Marriages

He was married to Betty Valdovinos from 1949 until they divorced in 1950. Then he was married to Eve Meyer from 1952 until they divorced in 1966. Then he was married to Edy Williams from 1970 until they divorced in 1973.

Death
-----

Meyer died on September 18, 2004 in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles, California from complications from pneumonia after battling Alzheimer's disease. He was 82 years old. Meyer was buried at Stockton Rural Cemetery in Stockton, California.

### Biopic

Fox Searchlight Pictures is currently negotiating the rights to create a biopic covering the early years of Meyer's career.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Russ Meyer***.

* Russ Meyer on IMDb
* Russ Meyer at Find a Grave
* Nathaniel Rich on Russ Meyer in the *San Francisco Chronicle*
**Digitel Mobile Philippines, Inc.**, is a mobile telecommunication service provider in the Philippines doing business as **Sun Cellular**. The company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Digital Telecommunications Philippines, or Digitel. Digitel is in turn owned by the JG Summit Group with a minority stake held by the TeliaSonera Group. It is assigned to access codes of 922, 923, 932 and 933. It began its operations in 2003, positioned as a latecomer in the market allowed it to put up infrastructure at lower cost.

Sun Cellular gained popularity because of its "24/7" offer of unlimited text messaging and calls for a fixed price for Sun-to-Sun transactions. This led competing networks Smart Communications and Globe Telecom to offer similar but higher-cost plans.

As of March 2010, Sun Cellular has 12 million subscribers.

Services
--------

### Regular Services

* Voice Services
	+ Call Types
	+ Voice Mail Service
	+ Call Management
* Messaging Services
	+ Local Text Messaging
	+ International Text Messaging
* Multimedia Messaging
* GPRS
* Data/Fax
* 3G
	+ Data
		- 10Php for 30 minutes (mobile browsing)
		- USB Data Modem
	+ Video Calling

XPRESSLOAD
----------

Sun Cellular's electronic prepaid reload service allows to load "Over-the-Air" via an accredited Sun Xpress Load Retailer. It also reload Unlimited Services, Special Loads, and Value-Added-Service Subscriptions.

Network information
-------------------

CDMA2000: Mango
  
GSM: 515 05/PH 05/PH Sun/SUN
  
EDGE: 515 05/PH 05/PH Sun/SUN
  
UMTS: 515 05/PH 05/PH Sun/SUN

SMS Center:
  
+639220001501

Other websites
--------------

* Sun Cellular Website Archived 2010-02-12 at the Wayback Machine
* Sun iMessenger Archived 2020-10-29 at the Wayback Machine
* Digital Telecommunications Philippines
* Sun Cellular Community Archived 2018-03-29 at the Wayback Machine
* Sun Cellular Club Archived 2016-01-12 at the Wayback Machine
See the main article: Physical fitness
Bathing in an ice-hole, Poland.**Winter swimming** is the activity of human swimming during the winter season, typically in outdoor locations, or in unheated pools or lidos. It is done mostly for health benefits. Many winter swimmers swim with standard swimming costumes rather than with wetsuits or other thermal protection.

In colder countries winter swimming may be synonymous with *ice swimming*. In Finland, Northern Russia, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia the ice swimming tradition has been connected with the sauna tradition.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Winter swimming***.

* Cankar.org Archived 2008-03-30 at the Wayback Machine on how to create an avanto
* Winter Swimming — the technique of winter swimming and its healing effect.
* Winter Swimming World Championships, pictures Oulu Finland 3.-5.3.2006
* Winter Swimming Championships 2008 Archived 2010-11-24 at the Wayback Machine - held at Tooting Bec Lido, London, UK
Geckos can stick to walls and ceilings because of van der Waals forces.
A molecule with a difference in charge, from end to endA molecule with a difference in charge, from end to end
In chemistry, the **van der Waals force** is a type of intermolecular force that attracts molecules together. An intermolecular force is a relatively weak force between molecules. Van der Waals forces are the weakest type of intermolecular force. They are named after the Dutch scientist Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837–1923).

Negatively charged electrons orbit around molecules or ions. The electrons shift their orbits to create slightly different charges from one end of the molecule to the other as a response to each other. These slight differences are called *partial charges*, described by using the variables δ- or δ+. 

Van der Walls force is sometimes used loosely to mean for *all* intermolecular forces. Van der Waals forces are weaker than covalent bonds and usually weaker than hydrogen bonds, but they play a important role in supramolecular chemistry, enzymes, polymer science, nanotechnology, surface science, and condensed matter physics. Van der Waals forces define many properties of organic compounds, including their ability to dissolve.
The **Van Thillo** family is a Belgian entrepreneurial family, and one of the richest in Belgium. The family owns DPG Media (formerly *De Persgroep*), one of the most important media groups in the Benelux.

The family
----------

The family consists of

* Cyriel Van Thillo (1902-1992)
	+ his sons Ludo Van Thillo (1931-2022), Joris Van Thillo and Herman Van Thillo and daughter Marleen Van Thillo
		- his grandchildren Christian Van Thillo, Martine Van Thillo, Ann Van Thillo, Caroline Van Thillo and Emmanuel Van Thillo.

Also the husband of Ann Van Thillo, Christophe Convent, played an important role within *De Persgroep*.

History
-------

In the 1970s the family owned the magazines *Dag Allemaal* and *Joepie*. In 1978 the family bought 50% of publisher J. Hoste, that was at the time owned by Flemish newspaper *Het Laatste Nieuws*. Twelve years the family completely owned the publisher, and changed the name into *De Persgroep*. Together with the Rossel group, they also acquired among others the financial newspapers *De Tijd* and *L'Echo*. Togeher with Medialaan (50%), De Persgroep owned the other 50% of the Roularta Media Group. Nowadays DPG Media owns 100% of the shares of Medialaan.
The **Salmonidae** is a family of ray-finned fish. They are the only living family in the order **Salmoniformes**. It includes salmon, trout, chars, graylings, and the subfamily known as the freshwater whitefish.

The Atlantic salmon and trout in the genus *Salmo* give the family and order their names.

Salmonids look rather primitive for teleost fish. Their pelvic fins are placed far back, with an adipose fin towards the rear of the back. They are slender fish, with rounded scales and forked tails. Their mouths contain a single row of sharp teeth. Although the smallest species is just 13 cm (5.1 in) long as an adult, most are much larger, with the largest reaching 2 m (6.6 ft).

All salmonids spawn in fresh water. In many cases the fish spend most of their lives at sea, returning to the rivers only to reproduce. This a migratory lifecycle. They are predators, feeding on small crustaceans, aquatic insects, and smaller fish.

Extinct genera
--------------

### Salmonidae

* *Eosalmo* (belongs to this family)

### Orthogonikleithridae

* *Leptolepides* (belongs to the family Orthogonikleithridae)
* *Orthogonikleithrus* (belongs to the family Orthogonikleithridae)
*Pandion haliaetus*
An **osprey** is a type of fish-eating bird. They are also known as 'fish hawk', 'sea hawk', and 'fish eagle'. It is a large bird measuring up to 60 cm (24 in) long from beak to tail. It has dark brown wings.

Description
-----------

The osprey weighs 1.4–2 kg (3.0–4.4 lb) and is 52–60 cm (20–24 in) long with a 150–180 cm (5–6 ft) wingspan (the distance between the right wingtip and left wingtip when they are spread out). The back of the bird is brown and the belly is white. The head is white with a dark stripe across the eyes. The eyes are golden to brown and the beak (the mouth of a bird) is black. The legs and feet are white with black talons (nails of a bird). 

The osprey has a short tail and long, narrow wings. Males and females look similar, but males are often paler. In flight, the osprey raises its wings in an arch shape, making it look like a gull.

Conservation
------------

### Scotland

Scotland is typical osprey habitat with lots of trees and lakes (called 'lochs'). Because of egg thieves and hunting, only two pairs of ospreys were left there in 1967. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds began to protect the nests. Ospreys have returned every year to the protected nest at Loch Garten. More than 1.5 million people have been to see them. 

The number of ospreys in Scotland has increased a lot, but the population has been slow to spread. This is because ospreys often return to breed near to the place where they hatched. This has been shown in studies in the USA and Sweden.
**State Electoral District** means an electorate in the Lower House or Legislative Assembly of Australian states and territories. Most state electoral districts (except Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania, which have multi-member electorates using a proportional voting method) send a single member to a state or territory's parliament using the preferential method of voting. The size of a state electoral district depends on the Electoral Acts in the state and vary in size between them. At present, there are 407 state electoral districts in Australia.

State electoral districts do not apply to the Upper House, or Legislative Council, in the states which have one (New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia). In New South Wales and South Australia, MLCs represent the entire state, in Tasmania they represent single-member districts, and in Victoria and Western Australia they represent a region formed by grouping electoral districts together.

By State/Territory
------------------

### Australian Capital Territory

There are three electorates for the Legislative Assembly, two with five members each, and one with seven members, making up seventeen members in total.

### New South Wales

Results of the New South Wales state election, 2007 showing the state electoral districts
Results of the New South Wales state election, 2007 showing the districts in Sydney.
There are currently 93 electoral districts in New South Wales.

### Northern Territory

There are 25 single-member electoral divisions in the Northern Territory, and 13 former divisions.

### Queensland

There are 89 electoral districts in Queensland, for the Legislative Assembly of Queensland.

### South Australia

There are 47 single-member electoral districts in South Australia, for the South Australian House of Assembly.

  

### Tasmania

Electoral divisions of Tasmania
There are 5 electoral divisions in Tasmania. 

### Victoria

There are 88 electoral districts in Victoria, for the Victorian Legislative Assembly.

  

### Western Australia

There are 59 single-member electoral districts in Western Australia for the Western Australian Legislative Assembly. 42 are in the Perth metropolitan area and 17 are in the rest of the state.
Coronation of Henry the young, 14th of June 1170.
Since the reign of the first kings of England the question of who should rule next has been hard to answer. Examples of this are when Edward the Elder died leaving two sons Aelfward and Athelstan, but Aelfward died 28 days after Edward leaving the throne to Athelstan. But when a king picked his successor in the 1100s it was known as the young king. The next king, the prince of Wales usually got to reign as the young king of England before his ascension but both of the young/junior/titular kings never ascended to the throne.

The young kings of England in order of reign were:

* Eustace IV, son of Stephen (1152-1153) as titular king
* Henry the Young, son of Henry II (1170-1183) as young king

King Stephen depicted with Henry I, grandfather of Henry II, and great-grandfather of Henry the young.
Ever since Henry the Young the next in line has never been crowned as young king and just simply prince of Wales or just titled as "the rightful heir to the English throne".For kings of England, see List of English monarchs.
**Papunya Tula Artists** is a co-operative of Aboriginal Australian artists. It is owned and run by Aboriginal people of the Western Desert. It is famous for its development of the Western Desert art movement – widely referred to as "dot painting" – and is often credited with bringing Aboriginal art to the world's attention. The original group of artists started painting in the town of Papunya, but today the company is based in Alice Springs.

The origins of the company go back to 1971. Geoffrey Bardon, the school teacher at Papunya, taught the children to paint a mural using the classical style of body and sand art. Historically, paintings and designs are made by Aborigines to depict stories and songs about the dreamtime. The co-operative was formed in 1972 by a group of men from Bardon's classes. They painted spiritual designs used in ceremonial art, but using modern instruments (like acrylic paints on canvas).

As this style of art started to become famous, many in the Aboriginal community criticised the artists for revealing too many secrets from their sacred legends. Aborigines of the Western Desert believe that the knowledge of these things is dangerous; usually, a person must be initiated first, and this only happens when they are deemed "ready" by their community. In response, the artists changed or removed all detailed images of sacred symbols. In all works since then, these images have been hidden or left out completely.

In the late 1970s, many of the people at Papunya left and moved back to their traditional lands. But the company continued to grow, and it centralised in Alice Springs. In 1987, the National Gallery of Victoria bought eleven paintings by Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri. As popularity of this style of art continued to grow, so did their value. In 2007, a single painting by Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri set a record at auction for Aboriginal art. It was bought for £1.03 million, more than twice as much as the previous record-holder.

The first artists, including all of the company's founders, were men. In the early years, the men didn't like women painting. However, there was also a strong desire amongst many of the women to participate. In the 1990s large numbers of them began to create paintings.

Other websites
--------------

* Gallery website Archived 2021-03-06 at the Wayback Machine
* Papunya Tula exhibition Archived 2002-09-18 at the Wayback Machine at the Art Gallery of New South Wales
* Papunya Painting Archived 2012-05-25 at the Wayback Machine, an exhibition at the National Museum of Australia
* Tjukurrtjanu: Origins of Western Desert Art, an exhibition at the National Gallery of Victoria
* *Papunya Tula art movement of the Western Desert Archived 2012-02-27 at the Wayback Machine*, Australian Government portal
For other uses, see Smog (disambiguation).
Claude Monet's painting of London smog in 1904. It was mainly caused by burning coal in homes and trains
**Smog** is a type of air pollutant; the word "smog" is a combination of smoke and fog. Classic smog results from large amounts of coal burning in an area and is caused by a mixture of smoke and sulfur dioxide.

London is where it first happened. Coal fires are now illegal in London, and trains are driven by other fuels. In cities like Los Angeles it is the exhaust fumes of cars which cause the smog. 

Delhi is supposed to be the most polluted city on Earth. Smogs cause lung diseases and increase the death rate. According to one estimate, air pollution causes the death of about 10,500 people in Delhi every year.

Peking (Beijing) is another city where air pollution is serious. Car emissions and coal burning are the main reasons for their pollution. They also get pollution from some neighbouring regions, due to the pattern of air movement in the area.
Waltz in D-flat major "Minute Waltz", Op. 64, No. 1 performed by Muriel Nguyen Xuan

(Left) Chopin in 1849

---

*Problems playing this file? See media help.*

The opening section of the Minute Waltz
The "**Minute Waltz**" is the nickname for the **Waltz in D flat major, Op. 64, No. 1** by Frederic Chopin. It was written in 1847. It is a piece of music for the piano. It is sometimes called "The Waltz of the Little Dog" (French: *Valse du petit chien*). This is because Chopin was watching a little dog chase its tail when he wrote it. The little dog was "Marquis". He belonged to Chopin's friend George Sand. Marquis had befriended Chopin. The composer mentioned Marquis in several of his letters. In one letter dated 25 November 1846, Chopin wrote: "Please thank Marquis for missing me and for sniffing at my door."

The waltz was published by Breitkopf & Härtel. It was the first of three waltzes in a collection of waltzes called *Trois Valses, Op. 64*. The publisher gave the waltz its popular nickname "Minute". The word here means small or little. The tempo marking is Molto vivace (English: Very fast, very lively), but Chopin did not intend the waltz to be played in one minute as some believe. A typical performance will last between one and a half to two and a half minutes.

The time signature is 3/4. The waltz is 138 measures long with one fifteen-measure repeat. The waltz is written in ternary, or ABA form. The A section is characterized by a whirling line of eighth notes and triplets over the "om-pah-pah" rhythm of the waltz. The whirling line of the A section is abandoned in the B section. This section consists of a consistent half note and quarter note pattern from bar to bar. The B section breaks off and a long trill heralds the return of the A section, which is repeated in full. The waltz ends with a descending scale. 

In popular culture, Minute Waltz was used on Pretty Little Liars, The Girlfriend Experience, One Tree Hill, and Sex and the City.

Other websites
--------------

* Minute Waltz sheet music available at Musopen.com
* Quatre Mains version for Piano Duet.
* Free recording of Minute Waltz
***Yu-Gi-Oh!*** is the title of the first anime series based on the *Yu-Gi-Oh!* manga. It is not connected in any way to the *Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters* series (known internationally as simply Yu-Gi-Oh!). They are 2 different anime series that are based on the same manga series. Fans of Yu-Gi-Oh! use the fan name "Yu-Gi-Oh! A Shadow Game" when talking about this show. They may use "Yu-Gi-Oh! first season" or "zero season" to refer to this show but this is not correct. **based on** it by Stephen king

The series aired on television from April 4, 1998 to October 10, 1998. It has 27 episodes. It was produced by Toei Animation. The level of violence was reduced between the manga and the anime. Some characters and how the characters acted were changed from the manga and new characters and plots were added and Duel Monsters had a bigger part. Unlike the second series, the card game (Duel Monsters) is not the main part of the show.

Other websites
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* Toei's Yu-Gi-Oh! page
* Toei's Yu-Gi-Oh! property information page Archived 2009-02-25 at the Wayback Machine
**Post-postmodernism** is a general term used to describe new developments emerging from postmodernism. A similar term is metamodernism. These terms are not always accepted: for example, they are not in the Tate Guide to modern art terms.

History
-------

Modernism began around 1900. It was a rejection of tradition and an attempt to see the world differently. Events such as World War 2 and the Great Depression made many feel modernism had failed. This led to postmodernism, which is cold and skeptical of the grand narrative of Western Society. This grand narrative is explained by Jean-François Lyotard as something. Postmodernism is a very broad term that cannot be defined by specific themes. It is an all-encompassing way of thinking.

Postmodernism is seen as a theory for explaining 20th Century culture. With the 20th Century now behind us and a new century beginning, many have suggested that Postmodernism is outdated in our current world. Advances such as the internet have changed the way we live, making the world a smaller place but also making communication and interaction with things around us less intimate. Post-Postmodernism takes this as a key reason why a return to sincerity and authentic expression is the way forward for the 21st Century.

Definitions
-----------

Post-postmodernism is a very new idea that is still forming. There are many different ideas about how post-postmodernism could evolve and shape culture. They look to where faith, trust, dialogue, performance, and sincerity can work to overcome postmodern irony.
**Yehosua "Shuki" Levy** is an Israel-American music composer and television producer. Levy's best known work is soundtrack compositions for childern's television programs of the 1980's, such as *Inspector Gadget*, *The Mysterious Cities of Gold*, *M.A.S.K.*, *Dinosaucers*, *He-Man and the Masters of the Universe*, *She-Ra: Princess of Power*, and *Jayce and the Wheeled Warriors*. Also in the 1990, he became know chiefly for his project such as *Power Rangers* franchise, *Dragon Ball Z*, *Digimon* series, *Masked Rider*, *VR Troopers*, and *Big Bad Beetleborgs*. He also written and directed nomberous of episodes, for some television shows, and directed a few movies, such as *Eye of Doom* (1987), *Perfect Victims* (1988) and *Blind Vision* (1991). Levy was also part of a musical duo named **Shuky & Aviva** with his partner Aviva Paz. Levy also partnered/relationship with an actress named Sarah Brown (from *General Hospital*), with whom he has second daughter, Jordan Levy (born in 1998).

Personal life
-------------

In 1977, Levy was married to Miss USA 1970 Deborah Shelton (from the best TV series *Dallas*), with a first daughter Tamara Shelton (born in 1981).

Other websites
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* Shuki Levy Online
* Shuki Levy at IMDb
**Thomas Tjapaltjarri** (born **Tamayinya Tjapangati**, also often known as **Tamlik**) is an Australian Aboriginal artist. He and his brothers Warlimpirrnga and Walala have become well-known as the Tjapaltjarri Brothers. Thomas and his family became known as the last group of Aborigines to come into contact with modern, European society. They came out of the desert in 1984, and became known as "the last nomads".

Early life
----------

See also: Pintupi Nine
Thomas was born in the desert of Western Australia sometime in the 1960s. He and his family lived a traditional nomadic way of life on the western side of Lake Mackay. They had never come into contact with European society. Most other Pintupi families had been settled in remote towns to the east and west of their traditional country during the 1950s. Thomas' father, Lanti (or "Joshua"), had lived for a short time at the mission in Balgo, but he had run away after getting into trouble for stealing food. It was his decision to stay in the desert, and kept his family far away from the towns.

Thomas' mother was named Nanu. He also had two other mothers, Papunya and Watjunka, who were his father's secondary wives. He had two younger sisters, Yalti and Yukultji, a younger half-brother Walala, and four other "siblings" (cousins by blood relation). His father died sometime around 1980. The family finally came into contact with outsiders in October 1984, and were settled at Kiwirrkurra. The event was big news at the time, and the family became famously known as "the last nomads". Thomas was diagnosed with epilepsy shortly after this.

Painting
--------

Thomas began painting in December 1987, a few years after settling at Kiwirrkurra. His cousin Warlimpirrnga had already made a name for himself as an artist and he encouraged Thomas to paint too. Thomas and Walala joined the Papunya Tula artists, and they and Warlimpirrnga eventually gained fame internationally as the Tjapaltjarri Brothers. Although he normally paints using *Tjapaltjarri* as a surname, Thomas' skin name is *Tjapangati*.

His paintings depict stories from the Pintupi dreaming. They are mostly about places and events in the Tingari cycle (a cycle of myths about the ancestors of the Pintupi). His designs are inspired by those painted on the body during ceremonies. He uses acrylic paints on canvas, sticking to earthy colours (black, white and ochres). He paints simple shapes with dotted lines, which is a style that his brothers also use.

He has had paintings shown in many exhibitions around Australia, and also in Switzerland, Germany, France and the United States. His larger paintings sell for at least AU$6000 in Alice Springs and AU$9500 in galleries in Melbourne and Sydney.

Other websites
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* Profile Archived 2013-04-19 at the Wayback Machine at the Red Desert Gallery
* *Tjapaltjarri Brothers: Walimpirrnga, Walala & Thomas Tjapaltjarri*, an exhibition at the Japingka Indigenous Fine Art Gallery
**Charles Rudolph Boysen** (July 14, 1895 – November 25, 1950) was a California horticulturist. Boysen worked as Anaheim City Parks superintendent from 1921-1950. He created the boysenberry, a hybrid between several types of blackberries, raspberries, and loganberries.

Boysenberry
-----------

Rudolph Boysen experimented with various berry crosses in Napa, California in the 1920s. In 1923, his hybrid successfully grew and bore fruit. However, unable to make his new berry a commercial success, Boysen abandoned his crop after breaking his back in an accident.

Years later, after he had moved to Orange County, a fellow grower named Walter Knott heard about the berry and tracked down Boysen. Walter Knott was able to bring a few dying vines back to life at his farm, now known as Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California. Knott named the fruit after Boysen.

Other websites
--------------

* Google link for Boysen Park
* Charles Rudolph Boysen, Anaheim Superintendent of Parks Archived 2011-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
* Boysen Park in Anaheim, California Archived 2011-03-11 at the Wayback Machine
**Rudolphina Menzel** (March 1, 1891–1973) was an Austrian-Jewish cynologist, or dog expert, and dog breeder. She created the dog breed called the Canaan dog. She founded the Palestinian Kennel Club (now the Israeli Kennel Club).

Early life
----------

Menzel has been fascinated with dogs ever since she got bitten when she was four years old.

She rescued stray dogs from the streets but her parents consider dogs dirty and would not allow them in the house. She gave her allowance to her neighbors to take care of the stray dogs she rescued.

Career
------

At their villa in the 1920’s the Menzels founded a dog training school. There Menzel and her husband studied dogs. Menzel trained common military breeds like German Shepards, Doberman pinschers, and Boxers.

She trained dogs to offer protection. She trained dogs for the German police and the German army. She specifically used Hebrew commands.

Menzel Bred her own dog called the Canaan dog. They were first found in the Israel Kennel club in 1953. Caanan dogs were bred from Pariah Dogs German Shepherds, Doberman Pinschers, and Boxers.

Menzel knew that dogs were used by police in Europe to hurt Jewish people. She was sad that Jewish people had become scared of dogs. Her goal for breeding dogs in Palestine was to bridge between the Jewish people and dogs.

Menzel’s dogs can track and carry sent and messages over many kilometers. Menzel created the breed known as "Israel's national dog."
WWE Superstars during the 2003 Tribute to the Troops
The ***WWE Tribute to the Troops*** is a televised event held every year since 2005 by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) in December around Christmas and Hanukkah. The wrestlers and employees of the WWE travel to Iraq and Afghanistan to honor the United States military. The event features wrestlers from *Raw*, *SmackDown*, and *Extreme Championship Wrestling* (ECW) brands competing in matches against each other. They hold a televised episode of *Raw* on an open field for any troop member to attend for free. Along the travel, wrestlers and employees stop at autograph sessions and local hospitals to visit those who fight and may have been injured in war. Walter Reed Army Medical Center and Bethesda Naval Hospital are among the hospitals visited by the WWE employees. The WWE most recently held its fifth annual event, and has their next visit planned for December 2008.

In 2004, USO of Metropolitan Washington awarded the WWE the first *Legacy of Hope* award for their extensive support of their troops and the USO’s Operation Care Package program. In 2006, WWE received the *Secretary of Defense Exceptional Public Service* award. It was presented to WWE Chairman, Vince McMahon and other wrestlers. Upon receiving the award, McMahon handed it to wrestler, John "Bradshaw" Layfield (JBL), noting that the idea of the Tribute to the Troops was his original idea. WWE also received recognition from General Casey, the Commander of Multinational Forces Iraq. The WWE generally stays for three days.

Overall, WWE has traveled to Iraq and Afghanistan six consecutive times since 2003. The events are held in December every year, as they are intended to be a holiday treat for the troops. Not every WWE wrestler and employee attends the trips, but any wrestler willing to go may attend, with their brand not considered a factor.

Related pages
-------------

* WWE Raw

Other websites
--------------

* 2005 Official website
* 2006 Official website
* 2007 Official website

| * v
* t
* e
Current WWE programming |
| --- |
| Primary television | *Raw*  **·**  *NXT*  **·**  *Main Event*  **·**  *SmackDown* |
| Secondary television | *A.M. Raw*  **·**  *After Burn*  **·**  *Bottom Line*  **·**  *This Week in WWE*  **·**  *The WWE Experience* |
| Vintage programming | *MSG Classics*  **·**  *Vintage Collection* |
| Television specials | Pay-per-view events  **·**  *Hall of Fame*  **·**  *Tribute to the Troops*  **·**  *Saturday Night's Main Event*  **·**  |
| On-Demand | Classics On Demand |
**Tandem repeats** occur in DNA when a pattern of nucleotides is repeated. The repeats sit next to each other, in tandem. These are multiple copies of the same base-pair sequence lying end-to-end.

An example would be: ATTCG ATTCG ATTCG in which the sequence ATTCG is repeated three times.

Terminology
-----------

If between 10 and 60 nucleotides are repeated, it is called a minisatellite. Those with fewer are known as microsatellites or 'short tandem repeats'.

When exactly two nucleotides are repeated, it is called a *dinucleotide repeat* (for example: ACACACAC…).

When three nucleotides are repeated, it is called a *trinucleotide repeat* (for example: CAGCAGCAGCAG…). Abnormalities in such regions can give rise to trinucleotide repeat disorders.

The repeat unit copy number may be variable. This is a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR).

Uses
----

A tandem repeat pattern helps determine an individual's inherited traits. Tandem repeats can be very useful in determining parentage. Short tandem repeats are used for certain genealogical DNA tests.

In genetic fingerprinting and DNA profiling, DNA is examined from tandem repeats in the chromosomal DNA.
Dr. **William Andrew Horsley Gantt** (1892 in Wingina, Virginia – 1980) was an American physiologist and psychologist. He received a B.S. from the University of North Carolina and a medical degree from University of Virginia. In 1922, while doing a medical residency at University Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, he took a leave of absence to join the American Relief Administration. From 1922-1923 he was Chief at the Petrograd unit in Russia and studied the effect of famine on health. At this time he met Ivan Pavlov. In 1925, he later returned to Petrograd to study under Pavlov at the Institute of Experimental Medicine.

Gantt translated many of Pavlov's works. Some of them were "Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes" and "Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes: Conditioned Reflexes and Psychiatry". He went on to study and publish "Experimental Basis for Neurotic Behavior." His research earned him the Lasker Award in 1946. He was also nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970.

Gantt founded the Pavlovian Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University under Adolf Meyer. He also founded the Psychophysiological Research Laboratory at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Perry Point, Maryland. In 1953, he was suspended from the VA due to his alleged Communist sympathies. He was later cleared and reinstated. In 1955, he founded the Pavlovian Society and was its president until 1965.

Gantt had many notable friends and associates. Some of them were John Dos Passos, Ogden Nash, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and H. L. Mencken.
**Selenic acid** is a chemical compound. It is an acid. Its chemical formul is H2SeO4.

Properties
----------

It is normally a colorless solution in water. It is a strong oxidizing agent. It can turn into selenium trioxide when dehydrated carefully. It is a very strong acid. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to make chlorine and selenous acid. It can dissolve gold to make gold selenate. When heated above 200°C, it releases oxygen and turns into selenous acid. It reacts with bases to make selenates.

Preparation
-----------

Selenic acid is made by oxidation of selenium dioxide with hydrogen peroxide. It is hard to evaporate it, but when it is evaporated, it makes colorless crystals. It can be made by oxidation of selenous acid with a strong oxidizing agent, such as potassium permanganate, chlorine, or bromine. The HCl and HBr made as a byproduct can reduce the selenic acic to selenous acid again, though, so it has to be taken out. 

It can also be made by reacting selenium with chlorine in water.

Related pages
-------------

* Hydrogen selenide