recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Henman at the Australian Open in 2006
**Timothy Henry "Tim" Henman** OBE (born 6 September 1974) is an English retired tennis player, born in Oxford.

He reached the semi finals of Wimbledon many times, the first British tennis player to do so since the 1970s. He reached six grand slam semi finals and won eleven titles in his career. He once was ranked number four in the world.
He was sponsored by Adidas and Slazenger. He retired in 2007 as England's most successful tennis player of the last twenty years.

Personal life
-------------

Henman comes from a sporting family. His mother and father were both interested in tennis and his grandfather played at Wimbledon in the 1940s and 50s. His grandmother also played mixed doubles at Wimbledon with his grandfather on two occasions.

Henman got 10 GCSEs at school and went into tennis training afterwards. He was told by doctors he had a type of bone disease in 1992. He carried on playing tennis anyway and he became professional aged 18 in 1992. In 1999 Henman married his long-term girlfriend Lucy Heald. The couple have three daughters: Rose, Olivia and Grace.

Playing career
--------------

Henman moved up the rankings very fast. By 1994, one year after becoming professional, he was 200th in the world.
By 1996 he was in the top thirty. In 1995 he became the first player ever to be disqualified from the Wimbledon tournament. Because he was angry during a match he hit the ball very hard at a ball girl and it hit her on the head.

Tim Henman at Wimbledon in 2005
In 1998, he was ranked one of the ten best tennis players in the world. In the same year he also reached the Wimbledon semi-final. In 2001 he had a good year at Wimbledon beating Roger Federer in four sets. He reached the semi final only to be beaten by eventual winner Goran Ivanišević. In 2004 he reached the semi finals of Roland Garros in France but lost to Guillermo Coria. Towards the end of his career Henman did not play so well. He ended up falling to 63 in the world rankings. In 2005 he was knocked out of the second round of Wimbledon by Roger Federer. He also had a lot of injuries at this time, including many at important points in matches.

He got an OBE in 2003 and was painted by royal artist Christian Furr in 2005.[*source?*]

Henman's last Wimbledon was a disappointment. He went out in the second round to Feliciano López of Spain. Shortly after he announced his retirement. He had a press conference on 23 August 2007 to make it official.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Tim Henman***.

* Official Site
* Picture of Henman Archived 2008-06-27 at the Wayback Machine
**Cynthia Coffman** is an American serial killer. In 1986, she killed two women in California. She was convicted along with her boyfriend, James Marlow. Coffman says she was present when the women were killed. She also says that she suffered from battered woman syndrome. She was sentenced to death and is sitting on death row in a prison in California.

Life
----

She was bourn in St .Louis, Missouri. She had a difficult childhood. Her father soon left the family, and her mother raised her alone. At one point, her mother tried to give her and her brother away. When she was 18 years old, she was married. She became a mother. The marriage did not last long, however. She moved to Arizona with a friend. She met Marlow shortly after he was released from jail. They started to take methamphetamine together, got married, and began to commit violent crimes.

Crimes and trial
----------------

Both Coffman and Marlow were accused of killing four women, in October and November 1986. Coffman confessed to the murders, Her attorneys said that she loved Marlow, bur that he brainwashed and abused her.

They were put on trial in July 1989 and 1990 and sentenced to death. Coffman was the first woman to receive a death sentence in California since the death penalty was reintroducerd in 1977. A trial in 1992 convicted her of another murder, for which she received a sentence of life imprisonment. After this, Coffman confessed to the murders.
**Coutts** is a private banking business owned by NatWest. 

It started in 1692. It is the eighth oldest bank in the world. Scots goldsmith-banker, John Campbell of Lundie, Scotland set up business in the Strand, London, under a sign of the Three Crowns, as was usual before street numbers. Today, the Coutts logo still has the three crowns, and its headquarters is still on the Strand. In 1919, Coutts merged with the National Provincial & Union Bank of England but kept the Coutts & Co. name and board of directors. In 1969, National Provincial Bank merged with Westminster Bank to form National Westminster Bank. Until the 20th century Coutts was a clearing bank to the nobility and landed gentry, but then became a wealth manager to a wider range of clients, including entrepreneurs, entertainers, sportsmen, professionals, executives, lottery winners, and football players. and the British Royal Family.

It has rules about who can be a customer of the bank. In 2023 it closed the account of Nigel Farage. The bank said he had broken the rules, but they also said he was not the sort of customer they wanted. In the row that followed the NatWest chief executive Alison Rose resigned after admitting to the inaccurate briefing of a BBC journalist.
A **boot loader** is a program on your computer. It starts other programs, namely operating systems. Boot loaders run booting instructions so your operating system works and appears. This makes using your computer much easier than it would be otherwise.

Boot loaders work on all, or almost all, systems, from MBR (Master Boot Record) to UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface). If a boot loader does not work on your system, you may need to install a different one, use a different configuration, or fix the one it came with.

One of the most common boot loaders is the Windows Boot Manager, also known as bcdboot. It is the only official boot loader for Windows. It also comes preinstalled. Most of the time, there is no real reason to alter it. If you do alter it without full understanding, it is very hard to fix Archived 2021-04-22 at the Wayback Machine.

A common boot loader on Linux is the **GR**and **U**nified **B**ootloader Two, commonly known as GRUB2 or just GRUB. Other boot loaders include systemd-boot, syslinux, and LILO.
How vomitoxin is made.
**Vomitoxin** is a group name for many natural poisons made by fungi from the genus *Fusarium*. These fungi grow on grains, such as wheat, rice, barley, and corn. The vomitoxin can stay in the grain. Things made out of the grain, such as flour, beer, or other food, may have vomitoxin in them. If humans or other animals eat the food, they can become sick with vomiting, dizziness, pain, and other problems. These problems usually stop after some time.

Chemistry
---------

There are more than 140 different vomitoxins. The three most common are deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and T-2 toxin.

Deoxynivalenol does not break apart when it gets hot. It can be cooked at 350°C and still stay a poison. Some forms of cooking, like boiling, do help against deoxynivalenol. This is because the deoxynivalenol moves out of the grain into the water, and the water is thrown away.

Scientists believe that deoxynivalenol does not cause cancer.

In animals
----------

Animals that eat grain or other food with vomitoxin in it usually do not die, but they do usually eat less. That makes them grow less.

Animals that eat grain that has vomitoxin in it can have the vomitoxin stay in their bodies. Chickens fed vomitoxin lay eggs with vomitoxin in them. Pigs fed vomitoxin have meat with vomitoxin in it. Cows fed vomitoxin give milk with vomitoxin in it. However, there is usually less vomitoxin in the animal product than in the grain that the animal ate.

Stopping vomitoxin
------------------

Vomitoxin and the fungi that make it cost farmers money. According to Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, *Fusifarum* in wheat and other crops cost C$50 million to $300 million each year in Canada alone from 1994 to 2014.

Farmers can do several things to prevent vomitoxin from getting into food. They can use crop rotation, plant seeds that have been checked to have no *Fusarium* in them, plant types of crops that are strong against *Fusarium*, and put fungicide on the crops to kill the fungus. Because fungal infections make the crop plants smaller and lighter, sometimes farmers can use combine harvesters to blow air on the crops so that the infected wheat blows away leaving the heavier healthy wheat behind.

Related pages
-------------

* Grain
**Zayed University** (Arabic: جامعة زايد) is a federal university in the United Arab Emirates. The university is named for Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the country's first leader. There is one campus in Abu Dhabi and one campus in Dubai.

History
-------

Zayed University opened in 1998. It was an Emirati women's university for ten years. In 2008, 200 men started attending the university. The first Abu Dhabi campus was on Delma Street in the city but in 2011, they moved to a new campus in Khalifa B city. The Dubai campus moved to Academic City in 2006.

University leaders
------------------

In 2014, Lubna Khalid Al Qasimi became president of the university. In 2015, Marilyn Roberts  became acting provost of the university.

Study
-----

Students study all subjects in English at Zayed University. They must score a 5.5 on IELTS or a 1500 on EMSAT exams to enter the colleges. If they do not get those scores, they can enter the Academic Bridge Program (ABP) to improve their English language skills.

The University has six colleges and one language program:

* College of Arts and Sciences,
* College of Business Sciences,
* College of Communication and Media Sciences,
* College of Education,
* College of Information Technology,
* University College
* The Academic Bridge Program (English Language Development)

Academic Bridge Program
-----------------------

The ABP is a one year program. It helps students improve their academic English language skills in reading, writing, speaking and Listening. If students succeed at the program, they can enter the colleges at Zayed University to continue their studies.

Nickname
--------

Zayed University is sometimes called ZU.
The old and new cathedrals of Coventry
*St. Michael's Victory over the Devil*, a sculpture by Sir Jacob Epstein on the wall of the cathedral.
The second cathedral. Painted in 1802 by William Crotch. 

  

**Coventry Cathedral**, also known as **St. Michael's Cathedral**, is an Anglican cathedral. It is in Coventry, West Midlands, England.

In fact, the city has three cathedrals. The first was St. Mary's, a monastic building, only a few ruins of which remain. The second was St Michael's, a 14th-century Gothic Cathedral, which was largely destroyed by a bombing raid in the Second World War. The cathedral was bombed on 14 November 1940 by the German Luftwaffe, which destroyed much of central Coventry. Nails found in the ruins were formed into a cross and consecrated in the Kaiser Wilhelm Gedächtniskirche in Berlin.

The third cathedral is the new St Michael's Cathedral, built to replace the bombed cathedral. It is an important example of 20th century architecture.

The cathedral is the seat of the Bishop of Coventry. The Right Reverend Dr. Christopher Cocksworth is the current Bishop of Coventry. He is the 9th Bishop of Coventry.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Coventry Cathedral at Wikimedia Commons
The Battle of Waterloo one of the greatest victories in British military history, in part by the sound tactics of the commander, the Duke of Wellington.
Regiments' flags in Saint Sepulchre-without-Newgate, London
The **British Army** is the army of the British Armed Forces, the military of the United Kingdom. The British Army came into being with unification of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. The new British Army included regiments that had already existed in England and Scotland and was administered by the War Office from London. Since 1963, it has been managed by the Ministry of Defence. Around a quarter of soldiers in the British Army are in the Infantry.

Under Oliver Cromwell, the English Army was active in the conquest and settlement of Ireland since the 1650s. The Cromwellian campaign was characterised by its uncompromising treatment of Irish towns that had supported the Royalists during the English Civil War. 

Since the Seven Years' War ebded in 1763, the British have been one of the leading military and economic powers of the world. The British Empire expanded to include colonies, protectorates, and dominions throughout the Americas, Africa, Asia and Australasia. Although the Royal Navy is widely regarded as having been vital for the rise of the empire and British dominance of the world, the British Army also played important roles in colonisation. 

The British Army was heavily involved in the Napoleonic Wars by serving in Spain and the rest of Europe and in North Africa. The war between the British and the French Empires stretched around the world. The British Army finally came to defeat Napoleon at one of Britain's greatest military victories at the Battle of Waterloo.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***British Army***.

* British Army Website
* Regiments and Corps of the British Army: An Introductory Overview Regiments Archived 2008-01-18 at the Wayback Machine

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* ISNI
	+ 2
* VIAF
* WorldCat Identities

 |
| National | 
* France
* BnF data
* Germany
* Israel
* United States
* Australia
* Sweden

 |
| Artists | 
* MusicBrainz artist
* Te Papa (New Zealand)

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| Other | 
* SNAC
* IdRef

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**Biofuel** is fuel from recently lifeless or living biological material. It is different to fossil fuels from long dead biological material. Biofuel can be in forms of solid, liquid or gas. 

Biofuels are usually used to power cars, heat homes and for cooking. Biofuel companies are mainly from Europe, Asia and the Americas. Technologies developed at the Los Alamos National Lab even allows pollution to be converted into renewable biofuel. Agrofuels are biofuels that are produced from specific plants, rather than from waste processes such as landfill or recycled material. 

There are two common ways to convert plants into gas and liquid fuels. One is to grow crops that are high in sugar (e.g. Sugar cane) or starch (e.g. corn), and then use yeast to ferment ethyl alcohol (ethanol). The second is to grow plants that contain high amounts of vegetable oil, such as palm oil, soybean and algae. When these oils are heated, their viscosity is reduced, and they can be burned directly in a diesel engine, or chemically processed to produce fuels such as biodiesel. For thousands of years, Wood and its by-products have been converted into biofuels such as charcoal, wood gas, methanol or ethanol fuel. It is also possible to make cellulosic ethanol from non-edible plant parts, but this can be expensive.

Solid biomass is also used. Firewood has been used for thousands of years. Many materials such as wood and grasses can be dried and pelletised and burnt, and this can be used to produce power.

Other websites
--------------

* Biofuel -Citizendium

| * v
* t
* e
Emerging technologies |
| --- |
**Asad Ashraf** (Urdu: اسد اشرف‎; born 21 June 1963) is a Pakistani politician who has been the member of the Senate of Pakistan since March 2018. He has also been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab from 2002 to 2013.

Early life and education
------------------------

He was born on 21 June 1963 in Lahore.

He got the degree of medicine from Allama Iqbal Medical College in 1986 and did his postgraduation in Cardiology from National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi in 1994.

Political career
----------------

He joined Pakistan Muslim League (N) in 1996 after the murder of his brother, Javed Ashraf who was a member of the PML-N.

He had been advisor to the Chief Minister of Punjab Shehbaz Sharif from 1997 to 1999.

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of Punjab as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency PP-138 (Lahore-II) in Pakistani general election, 2002. He got 10,651 votes and defeated a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q). During his tenure as the member of the Punjab Assembly, he remained deputy parliamentary leader of PML-N in the Punjab Assembly.

He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of Punjab as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency PP-138 (Lahore-II) in Pakistani general election, 2008. He got 19,552 votes and defeated a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party.

He ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab as an independent candidate Constituency PP-138 (Lahore-II) in Pakistani general election, 2013 but was unsuccessful. He received 12 votes and lost the seat to Ghazali Saleem Butt. In the same election, he also ran for the seat of the National Assembly as an independent candidate from Constituency NA-118 (Lahore-I) but was unsuccessful. He received 16 votes and lost the seat to Muhammad Riaz Malik.

Ashraf was elected to the Senate of Pakistan from Punjab general seat as an independent candidate in by-election held on 1 March 2018. He received 298 votes against a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf who secured 38 votes. Ashraf was backed by PML-N which initially nominated him but he had to run in the polls independently after the Election Commission of Pakistan declared his nomination papers cancelled following the disqualification of Nawaz Sharif by the Supreme Court of Pakistan. He took oath as Senator on 12 March 2018.
**Bhagyari Dogs** or **Pakistani Shepherd Dogs** is a rare breed of dog primarily found in North Punjab. **Bhagyaris** could be found in the wild in the region of Pothowar up to Kashmir regions. Bhagyaris near the region of Murree are furry compared to the dogs found in plains of Punjab due to temperature adaptation over time. This type is a herding dog from Pakistan, with a long history alongside humans. The word "Bhagyari" Its names, comes from the root word of the Punjabi language "Bhagyaar," which means "wolf." "Kutta" means "dog." within the Punjabi language, comes from the breeds obvious resemblance with the Asian wolves. People say this breed was born out of a combination of a wolf and a domestic dog, a very long time ago. It is also called the Pakistani Shepherd Dog, due to the area where it can usually be found in. There are different theories on the origin of the Bhagayari Kutta. According to the most popular theory, the Pakistani Shepherd Dog originated between a wolf and a domestic dog of some type, hence the name Pakistani Shepherd Dog (meaning "wolf dog"). If you have ever seen an Asian Wolf, you will see that the Pakistani Shepherd Dog really resembles that type of wolf.

Overview
--------

**Pakistani Shepherd Dogs** are very strong and muscular dogs. They have a rounded forehead and dark, almond-shaped eyes. Their lips are black and their nose is mostly black. Their feet have very hard soles. Adult Pakistani Shepherd Dogs have erect ears. The coat of the Pakistani Shepherd Dog is usually black and tan, but can be gold, and some can come in white, which is rare but does occur. The colours vary from region to region. They are very keen and love to herd animals, sometimes even little kids and their owners. They are dedicated to their work, courageous, fearless and alert. Very protective of their property, owners and sheep, they can be trained easily because they love to learn new things. Pakistani Shepherd Dogs are very loyal toward their work and handler, loving their family. They obey their owner’s every command. The Pakistani Shepherd Dog has a loving nature and is very playful with children, enjoying playing games. This breed is bred to work, and can't sit idle all the time. Being able to work is their passion. The Pakistani Shepherd Dog loves strenuous activity, preferably combined with training of some kind, for these dogs are very intelligent and crave a good challenge. When not being worked they need to be taken on a daily, brisk, long walk, jog or run alongside you when you bicycle. While out on the walk the dog must be made to heel beside or behind the person holding the lead, as in a dog's mind the leader leads the way, and that leader needs to be the human. Most shepherds love to play ball or Frisbee. This breed does best with a job to do. Without enough exercise, mental and physical, it will become bored and destructive, which will affect its good temperament.
Nernst Equation is a scientific equation used to find the reduction potential or voltage of an electrochemical cell. It is widely used in cell physiology and neurobiology. It is named after Walther Nernst. He was a German chemist who created this equation. 

This equation can be used to check which combination of chemicals will be suitable to construct a powerful electric cell.

Expression
----------

Nernst Equation:

{\displaystyle E\_{cell}={E^{o}}-{\frac {RT}{zF}}\ln {Q}}

where 

Ecell = Reduction potential or voltage of the electrochemical cell. In SI units, the voltage counts the one kilogram blocks you have to push one meter for each 6.2x1018 electrons you move across the cell. In a perfect world, every time a 9 volt battery moves 6.2x1018 electrons, we could harness the slow-moving electrons to move 9 blocks one meter.

E = Standard potential of the cell. It is the reduction potential of the cell or voltage under standard conditions (Temperature = 298 Kelvin, Pressure = 1 bar).

R = Gas constant. It is an important constant used in thermodynamics. Its value is 8.314 J.K-1.mol-1.

T = Temperature of the electrochemical cell in Kelvin.

z = Number of moles of electrons that got transferred when reduction took place.

F  = Faraday constant. It is equal to the charge carried by 1 mole of electrons. Faraday constant = 96,485.3329 s Ampere/mole.

Q = Reaction quotient of the chemical reaction that is driving the cell.

Equilibrium
-----------

When the reduction potential of a cell = 0 V, it is in equilibrium. At equilibrium, the reaction quotient Q = Keq (equilibrium constant).

| * v
* t
* e
Electroanalytical methods |
| --- |
| Techniques | 
* Adsorptive stripping voltammetry
* Amperometric titration
* Anodic stripping voltammetry
* Bulk electrolysis
* Cathodic stripping voltammetry
* Chronoamperometry
* Coulometry
* Cyclic voltammetry
* Differential pulse voltammetry
* Electrogravimetry
* Hydrodynamic technique
* Linear sweep voltammetry
* Normal pulse voltammetry
* Polarography
* Potentiometry
* Rotated electrode voltammetry
* Squarewave voltammetry
* Staircase voltammetry
* Voltammetry

 |
| Instrumentation | 
* Amperostat
* Auxiliary electrode
* Dropping mercury electrode
* Electrode
* Electrolytic cell
* Galvanic cell
* Hanging mercury drop electrode
* Ion selective electrode
* Mercury coulometer
* pH meter
* Potentiostat
* Reference electrode
* Rotating disk electrode
* Rotating ring-disk electrode
* Salt bridge
* Saturated calomel electrode
* Silver chloride electrode
* Standard hydrogen electrode
* Ultramicroelectrode
* Voltameter
* Working electrode

 |
| Theory | 
* Activity coefficient
* Butler–Volmer equation
* Cell notation
* Cottrell equation
* Debye–Hückel equation
* Double layer
* Faraday's laws of electrolysis
* Half-reaction
* Ionic strength
* Nernst equation

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| **Analytical Chemistry** |
Presidential motorcade transporting then-U.S. President George W. Bush in North Carolina, July 2005
A **motorcade** (or **convoy**, **carcade**, **autocade**) is a number of vehicles driving in the same direction on official business.

Uses of motorcades
------------------

### VIPs

Further information: Official state car
Motorcades can be used to transport a very important person (VIP), usually a political figure. Such a motorcade is usually accompanied by police cars and other protection. This is to make sure the people in the motorcade are safe. For instance, motorcades for presidents often have four to six armoured cars, with police motorcycles and cars going in front and behind.

Depending on the size of the motorcade and who it is carrying, streets may be completely blocked off so no-one else can use them. This is common for the security of heads of state or government.

### Protests and demonstrations

Motorcades can be used as protests and demonstrations. A large, organised, group of vehicles will travel a busy route at very slow speed. They do this to deliberately cause traffic disruption. This is often in relation to protest groups that have access to many large vehicles, such as truckers and farmers. 

### Funerals

See also: State funeral
A *funeral cortege* is a group of mourners following a hearse in a motorcade of cars. 

* Motorcade for the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, in Koblenz, Germany, 1965Motorcade for the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, in Koblenz, Germany, 1965
* Presidential motorcade following the inauguration of United States President George W. Bush, January 20, 2001Presidential motorcade following the inauguration of United States President George W. Bush, January 20, 2001
* Funeral motorcade for former United States President Ronald Reagan in Simi Valley, California, 2004Funeral motorcade for former United States President Ronald Reagan in Simi Valley, California, 2004
* Funeral motorcade of Russian Patriarch Alexy IIFuneral motorcade of Russian Patriarch Alexy II
* The motorcade for the Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, on route to 17 Wing CFB Winnipeg, July 3, 2010The motorcade for the Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, on route to 17 Wing CFB Winnipeg, July 3, 2010

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Motorcades***.

* Detailed description of the motorcade of the President of the United States
Christ Church Cathedral
Interior of Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford.
**Christ Church Cathedral** is the cathedral of the diocese of Oxford, which includes the City of Oxford and the surrounding countryside as far north as Banbury. It is also, uniquely, the chapel of Christ Church, the largest college of the University of Oxford.

History
-------

The cathedral was originally the church of St Frideswide's Priory. 
In 1522, the priory was surrendered to Cardinal Wolsey, who chose it as the site for his proposed college. However, in 1529 it was taken over by King Henry VIII. Work stopped, but in June 1532 the college was refounded by the King. In 1546, Henry VIII transferred to it from Osney Abbey to the see of Oxford. The cathedral has the name of *Ecclesia Christi Cathedralis Oxoniensis*, given to it by King Henry VIII's foundation charter.

Architecture
------------

The nave, choir, central tower, and transepts (as far as the roofs) are late Norman, and were probably erected during the lifetime of Canutus, the second prior, in the 12th century. As a whole the cathedral contains examples of the various styles from late Norman to Perpendicular.

### Not the smallest

Once this was the smallest cathedral in England. But according to their website, this has changed:

"It is true that at one time Christ Church Oxford would have been the smallest Cathedral in England... However, with the creation this century of new cathedrals which had previously been parish churches, Christ Church lost its distinction of being the smallest Cathedral in the country.
1546 Christ Church Oxford (present size - 16,413 sq ft)
1905 Birmingham Cathedral: 13,720 sq ft
1914 Chelmsford Cathedral: 11,270 sq ft
1927 Derby Cathedral: 10,950 sq ft
Newport Cathedral in Wales, is smaller still. A Cathedral since 1949, with an area of about 7,850 sq ft, it has a total seating capacity of only 600!
At present Christ Church is probably the fifth smallest English Cathedral after Derby, Chelmsford, Birmingham and Leicester".
### Miscellany

Cathedral (or Christ Church) Time is traditionally five minutes behind Greenwich Mean Time. This dates back to the days before the railways when each region of the country kept to its own local time. Hence what is now called Cathedral Time is a survival of old Oxford Time.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford***.

* Christ Church Cathedral website
* Christ Church Cathedral Choir website
* Oxford Cathedral information
* A history of the choristers of Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford Archived 2006-08-20 at the Wayback Machine
* Sacred destinations photo gallery
**Big in America** is a reality show broadcast by RTL II and VIVA , which set itself the task of showing in the spring of 2005 how Lou Pearlman discovered his new international boy band. The show looks similar to High School Musical.

Season 1
--------

Based on the success of Backstreet Boys, NSYNC & O-Town, Lou Pearlman decided to form a new boy band with. The band consists of Richie, Izzy, Jay and Drew. Drew left the band because he wants to spend more time with his family. He was replaced by Kyle, who was kicked out by Lou for Chris and Mikel. The show state that they rehearse for their first hit single "Maria".

Season 2
--------

The second season of the series accompanied US5 on their first world tour through England and Russia. The season's language was English.

Cast
----

Cast of BIA| Permanent Members | German cast | Producers |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Richie Stringini | Mikel Johnson | Mark Dollar |
| Izzy Gallegos | Christoph Watrin | Mike Michaels |
| Jay Khan | Roger Moore | Lou Pearlman |
| Drew | Peter Goekert | — |
| Kyle | — | — |
Changdeokgung
**Changdeokgung** is one of the five grand palaces in South Korea. They are Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, Deoksugung, Changgyunggung, and Gyeonghuigung. The five grand palaces were not built at the same time. Changdeokgung was built as the secondary palace next to Gyeongbokgung. The construction began by King Taejong, the Third King of the Joseon Dynasty, in 1405. Taking 7 years to complete, it was finished in the year 1412.

The word Changdeokgung means 'the palace of prospering virtue'. Because of the meaning of the name of the palace, the kings of Joseon Dynasty chose mostly Changdeokgung to live in.

The palace had been the home of 14 kings of Joseon Dynasty until it was totally destroyed by the Japanese army in the year 1592. After the Japanese were driven back by the combined forces of Korea and China, Changdeokgung was rebuilt in 1612. After the reconstruction, the palace had suffered little damage and became the primary royal court of the Joseon Dynasty. This was because Gyeongbokgung was also destroyed by the Japanese but the Joseon Dynasty did not rebuild it for some reason and the Changdeokgung became the biggest palace in Korea.

However, Changdeokgung had suffered some damage for 350 years after the reconstruction. As a result, a large scale restoration took palace from 1990 to 1999. This restoration shows how much the Korean people loved Changdeokgung. Apparently, the UNESCO saw its value as well. Seeing Changdeokgung as a vital global asset, UNESCO listed it as a World Cultural Heritage. The UNESCO said that Changdeokgung 'was outstanding example of Far Eastern palace architecture and garden design'.

Changdeokgung is in a park in Seoul, the capital city of South Korea. There are total of 13 buildings remaining in all and the area is designated as Historical Site No. 122. Tourists from all around the world visit this historic site. Changdeokgung is also an enjoyable park for families to spend their weekends.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Changdeokgung***.
**Sewage** or domestic wastewater is the liquid waste produced by people when using the toilet, having a bath or shower or washing clothes and dishes. In some places, it also includes rain-water falling on houses and roads. It can also have liquid waste from factories in it. It flows in pipes called sewers to be cleaned up at a sewage treatment works.

Sewage is mostly water but it also has many microbes some of which can be harmful. It can have many chemicals in it which can also cause harm to animals and humans. Most sewage in poor counties is not treated and may spread disease. A problem that occurs sometimes is a sewage spill which can be damaging to health and wildlife.

Apperenace
----------

Pumping station lifting sewage to the treatment plant in Bujumbura, Burundi
Greywater (a component of sewage) in a settling tank
The temperature of sewage tends to be slightly higher than in drinking water but it is more stable than the ambient temperature. The color of fresh sewage is slightly grey, whereas older sewage (also called "septic sewage") is dark grey or black. The odor of fresh sewage is "oily" and unpleasant. Older sewage has an unpleasant foul odor due to hydrogen sulfide gas and other decomposition by-products. Sewage can have high turbidity from suspended solids.
**Cornway College** (or simply **Cornway**) is a private, day and boarding school for boys and girls in Mount Hampden, Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe, Africa. It is 16.5 kilometres (10.3 mi) from the Harare central business district. Cornway College was opened on January 23, 2006. It has a preparatory school (*Cornway Junior College*) and a high school (*Cornway Senior College*). The language used to communicate within the school is English.

Cornway College was ranked as one of the top 10 high schools in Zimbabwe in 2014.

Academics
---------

### Junior College

Students at the Junior College are taught the primary schools curriculum developed by Cambridge International Examinations or CIE (an exam board in the United Kingdom) and ZIMSEC (an exam board in Zimbabwe). The children learn the following subjects:

* Agriculture
* Computer Literacy
* English
* General Paper
* Mathematics
* Science
* Shona

In Grade Seven, children write tests for the Cambridge Primary certificate by CIE (for English, Mathematics and Science subjects) and Grade Seven exams by ZIMSEC (for English, General Paper, Mathematics and Shona subjects).

### Senior College

Students in Form One and Form Two (Year 8 and Year 9) are taught several subjects according to the Zimbabwe Junior Certificate curriculum.

In Form Three and Form Four (Year 10 and Year 11), students are taught according to the curriculum of CIE and ZIMSEC. In Form Four, the students then write tests for the International General Certificate of Secondary Education (given by CIE) and the GCE Ordinary Level certificate (given by ZIMSEC).

In the Sixth Form (that is, Lower Six and Upper Six, or Year 12 and Year 13), students learn a minimum of three subjects according to the Advanced Level curriculum of CIE and ZIMSEC. In Lower Six, students can choose to write tests for the Cambridge International AS Level certificate (half the content of Advanced Level is tested, the certificate is given by CIE) then write tests again in Upper Six for the full Cambridge International A Level certificate. Another option is to write the Cambridge International A Level and or the ZIMSEC GCE Advanced Level tests in Upper Six.

Sports
------

### Junior College

Sports at the Junior College include:

* Athletics
* Basketball
* Chess
* Cricket
* Cross-country
* Hockey
* Netball
* Rugby
* Soccer
* Swimming
* Tennis
* Volleyball

### Senior College

Sports at the Senior College include:

* Athletics
* Basketball
* Chess
* Cricket
* Cross-country
* Handball
* Hockey
* Netball
* Rugby
* Soccer
* Swimming
* Tennis
* Volleyball

Other websites
--------------

* Cornway College Official website
* Cornway College on Pindula
In computing, **chr** is a type of file format commonly used for graphics (i.e. 3D Max Characters and Homebrew NES Dev Graphics) and character sets.

chr Files In NES Dev
--------------------

### Usage

chr files are used to draw 8x8 tiles for homebrew NES development. To draw graphics for the NES such as backgrounds or sprites, they must be pieced together using 8x8 pixel tiles constrained to 4 colors.

### Contents

The contents of a chr file can be summed up as multiple lines of bit strings. For example, take the first line of the chr file for the game Super Mario Bros.

```
000000000011000011110001111100010000000011110001110000100100001000000110011001100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111110000001111110011111101111111

```

When reading the file, it is interpreted as 2 equal length bit strings, such as

```
String 1 = 0000000000110000111100011111000100000000111100011100001001000010011001100110
String 2 = 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111001111110011111101111111

```

The position of these 2 bit strings represent a pixel in an 8x8 tile, going in row-column order. The color of the pixel can be found out using a simple formula:

| String 1 bit | String 2 bit | Color |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 1 | 1 | 3 |

The color is irrelevant because it is chosen through the code by the programmer with the attribute table, so it is the bit combination that is significant and there is no storage of color values
**Hans-Adam I** (16 August 1662 – 16 June 1712) was the 3rd Prince of Liechtenstein and the first holder of the title to rule over the Principality of Liechtenstein.

He was the son of Prince Karl Eusebius. Hans-Adam inherited his title after Karl Eusebius died in 1984.

His family, the House of Liechtenstein were nobles in the Holy Roman Empire. They came from a castle in Austria named Liechtenstein Castle. Hans-Adam I was also the Duke of Troppau and Duke of Jägerndorf.

He was the owner of many art collections and was known for being very rich.

In 1699, Hans-Adam I bought the Lordship of Schellenberg. In 1712, he also bought the County of Vaduz. He combined the two territories to form the Principality of Liechtenstein.

Hans-Adam I had seven children. He was succeeded as Prince of Liechtenstein by Joseph-Wenzel I, his cousin.

Sources
-------

1. ↑  Principality of Liechtenstein
2. ↑  Raton, Pierre (1970). *Liechtenstein: History and Institutions of the Principality*. Vaduz: Liechtenstein Verlag. p. 20. ASIN B0006D0J8E.
Coat of Arms of Addis Abeba governorate in 1940
**Addis Abeba** is the Italian name for the capital of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa), during the nearly six years when Ethiopia was in the Italian Empire (from 1935 to 1941).

History
-------

The name "Addis Abeba" is related to the capital of Ethiopia during the more than five years of Italian occupation of Ethiopia. Addis Abeba grew from less than 45,000 in 1936 to nearly 150,000 inhabitants in spring 1941, when the Italians were defeated and the Allies (with emperor Selassie) returned to the city.

Soon after the conquest in early 1936, the city was improved with many structures, from paved roads to sewage systems. A new urban masterplan was studied for the city, that was approved in 1938 and by late 1940 Addis Abeba (where the Italian were more than one third of the inhabitants) was full of constructions (that were blocked because of WW2).

Addis Abeba was the administrative capital of the *Scioa governorate* in the Italian East Africa.

Because the Italian rule lasted just five years, only a few of the many Italian buildings & projects were completed: one was the Addis Abeba Stadium, inaugurated in spring 1940. Originally in 1937 it was called "Campo sportivo Littorio", while in 1940 it was enlarged with a tribune and the athletic lanes section.

In spring 1941 ceased to exist the Italian administration of Addis Abeba and most of the more than 40,000 Italians living in the city started to return to Italy.

Related pages
-------------

* Italian Mogadiscio
* Piccola Roma

Bibliography
------------

* Antonicelli, Franco. *Trent'anni di storia italiana 1915 - 1945*. Mondadori ed. Torino, 1961
* Beltrami, Vanni (2013). *Italia d'Oltremare: Storie dei territori italiani dalla conquista alla caduta* (in Italian). Rome Italy: Edizioni Nuova Cultura. p. 273. ISBN 978-88-6134-702-1. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
A southern hairy-nosed wombat (*Lasiorhinus latifrons*).
A **wombat** is a marsupial in the family **Vombatidae**. It lives in the Australian eucalypt forests. There are two genera with three living wombat species; the common wombat and the hairy-nosed wombats.

It is a medium-sized animal that makes a burrow by digging holes in the ground. Wombats are usually around a metre (40 in) long when they are fully grown. It is a kind of animal known as a marsupial because it has a pouch on its belly that holds its young, although it faces back instead of forward like most marsupials. Having the pouch face backwards prevents dirt from building up in the pouch and hitting the offspring in the face when digging. When its young are born they spend some time growing in their mother's pouch before going into the world. Wombats are herbivores. They eat plants, roots, and grasses. They are nocturnal which means they sleep in the day and come out at night. Some wombats have thick brown fur and very small ears. They can weigh from 20 to 35 kilograms (45 to 80 lb). They can live up to 7 years.

Wombats are commonly known and recognised by their waste products. They are the only known mammals that excrete feces in cubic shape. This lets people easily know when wombat habitats are nearby. It also tells simply what the wombat may have eaten by examining the feces thoroughly.

Taxonomy
--------

* Family **Vombatidae**: Wombats
	+ Common wombat (*Vombatus ursinus*)
	+ Southern hairy-nosed wombat (*Lasiorhinus latifrons*)
	+ Northern hairy-nosed wombat or yaminon (*Lasiorhinus krefftii*)

Other websites
--------------


Wikispecies has information on: ***Vombatidae***.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Vombatidae***.

* Wombania's Wombat Information Index
* Russell The Wombat's Burrow Archived 2008-05-11 at the Wayback Machine
**Western Nebraska Community College** (WNCC) is a public community college in Scottsbluff, Nebraska. It also has campuses in Sidney, Nebraska, and Alliance, Nebraska.

WNCC had different names in the past: Scottsbluff Junior College, Scotts Bluff County College, and Nebraska Western College. Its athletics teams are known as the Cougars. 

It has 2,400 students.

Structure
---------

The college has six broad areas of study (Business and Accounting; Computer Information and Sciences; Health Sciences; Humanities and Social Sciences; Science, Engineering And Math; and Trades). WNCC also has three adult-education programs: adult basic education, adult secondary education and English as a second language.

WNCC has an active music and theater program. 

The main campus is at 1601 E. 27th Street, Scottsbluff, NE 69361, phone: (800) 348-4435.

History
-------

In September 1926 the college began as an extension of the University of Nebraska. The college was given the name Scottsbluff Junior College. The college became inactive after one year. Then it opened again, in September 1929, as part of the Scottsbluff Public Schools System. In September 1932, though, it became a public, two-year college. In June 1968, Scotts Bluff County College became Nebraska Western College. 

The State Legislature formed the Western Technical Community College Area in 1973. This included Nebraska Western College, Western Nebraska Technical College and the Alliance School of Practical Nursing. On July 1, 1978, the Area Board of Governors placed all three schools into a single college, with three campuses. July 1, 1988, the Board of Governors discontinued the separate campus names and changed the name of the college to Western Nebraska Community College.

Notable alumni
--------------

* Bobby Jackson, professional basketball player
* Dick "Night Train" Lane, professional football player
* Sedric Toney, professional basketball player

Other websites
--------------

* College home-page:
The Palais Bourbon, front
The French **National Assembly** (French: *Assemblée nationale*) is one of the two houses of the Parliament of France under the Fifth Republic. The other is the Senate (*"Sénat"*).

The National Assembly consists of 577 members known as *députés* (deputies), each elected by a single-member constituency. Deputies are elected in each constituency through a two-rounds system by which the top two candidates in the first round are usually on the ballot for the second. It is presided over by a president normally from the largest party represented, assisted by vice-presidents from across the represented political spectrum. The term of the National Assembly is five years; however, the President of France may dissolve the Assembly (by i.e.: calling a new election), unless he dissolved it in the preceding year.

The official seat of the National Assembly is the Palais Bourbon on the left bank of the river Seine.

Other websites
--------------

* Official website

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* ISNI
* VIAF
	+ 2
* WorldCat Identities
	+ 2

 |
| National | 
* Germany
* Israel
* United States
* Czech Republic

 |
***Lab Rats*** (***Lab Rats: Bionic Island*** since the fourth season) is an American television series by It's a Laugh Productions and Disney XD. It first started in 2012. The show is about a teenager named Leo who discovers three teens with bionic powers in the basement (lab) of his home. The show had 90 episodes in 5 seasons.

Plot summary
------------

In the start (Season 1) Leo discovered Adam, Bree and Chase and the Lab Rats wanted to go to school and have a social start so season 1 had more of showing who they are. In a season 1 episode Marcus had been shown to be a bad guy to Leo but not to the Lab Rats but in more episodes they start doing more life-saving events and in the Season 1 finale they go to space. In Season 2 in "Bionic Showdown" Marcus becomes a threat to all of the Lab Rats and Donald as it starts with more villains like Marcus and Douglas. Then in the Season 2 final "No Going Back" the bad guys keep coming to try to get them and all season finales end with a cliff hanger with the series premiere of Season 3 (Sink Or Swim) continuing from the season finale of Season 2.

Main Characters
---------------

* Tyrel Jackson Williams as **Leo Dooley**
* Billy Unger as **Chase Davenport**
* Kelli Berglund as **Bree Davenport**
* Spencer Boldman as **Adam Davenport**
* Hal Sparks as **Donald Davenport**

Season 3
--------

* 1. Sink Or Swim Air date: February 17, 2014

Plot: The Lab Rats are on the run as stowaways on a cargo freight headed to the unknown. Once captured by the ship's crew, they are forced to choose between helping a submarine in danger, which would reveal their whereabouts and put them at risk of being caught, or staying quiet. Meanwhile, Leo and Davenport try to find a way out of the elevator.

* 2. Jet Wing Air date: February 27, 2014

Plot: Donald performs Death defying stunt to earn money for a new lab.

* 3. Mission: Creek High Air date: March 3, 2014

Plot: The Lab Rats get a new lab then Principal Perry makes the team take her on a mission but when they put a fake one perry accidentally launches a rocket a there high school Meanwhile Leo takes Danelle on a date to prove he is not bad luck.

Awards & Nominations
--------------------

| Year | Awards | Category | Nominee(s) | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | Kids' Choice Awards | Favorite TV Show | *Lab Rats: Bionic Island* | Nominated |
| Favorite Male TV Star | Tyrel Jackson Williams | Nominated |

Other websites
--------------

Lab Rats at the Internet Movie Database