Colon
The **colon** ("**:**") is a punctuation mark, simply consisting of two equally sized and vertically aligned dots.

Punctuation
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### Use in prose

A colon is a more significant pause than a semicolon. It is usually used to contrast two parts of a sentence:

1. *It's official: McClaren makes the worst start by an England manager*.
2. *When the door was forced, a scene of chaos was revealed: chairs overturned, drawers puu66tw7rz3,dlled out and emptied, broken crockery on the floor...*
3. *If you must go, take the following: climbing rope, ice axe, compass, a large-scale map, water and food, and good boots*.
4. *Man proposes: God disposes*.
5. *The Lord seeth not as man seeth: for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the Lord looketh on the heart*.

### Use in other kinds of text

* Introduction of a definition, such as:

*A*: the first letter in the Latin alphabet
*Hypernym of a word*: a word having a wider meaning than the given one; e.g. *vehicle* is a hypernym of *car*
* Separation of the chapter and the verse number(s) indication in many references to religious scriptures, and also epic poems; it was also used for chapter numbers in roman numerals, as in:

John 3:14–16 (or John iii:14–16) (cf. chapters and verses of the Bible)
The Qur'an, Sura 5:18
* Separation when reporting time of day hour/minute/second (cf. ISO 8601), such as:

The concert finished at 23:45.
This file was last modified today at 11:15:05.
* Separation of a title and the corresponding subtitle, as in:

*Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope*
* Separation of clauses in a periodic sentence
* Colons can also be used to start a list, such as, "He provided all of the ingredients: sugar, flour, eggs, and butter."

History
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The colon's first appearance in English text is marked by the *Shorter Oxford English Dictionary* as 1589.

Diacritical usage
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The IPA length markThe IPA length mark
A special double-triangle colon symbol is used in IPA to indicate that the preceding sound is long. Its form is that of two triangles, each a bit larger than a point of a standard colon, pointing toward each other. It is available in Unicode as **modifier letter triangular colon**, Unicode U+02D0 (ː). A regular colon is often used as a fallback when this character is not available, or in the practical orthography of some languages (particularly in Mexico), which have a phonemic long/short distinction in vowels.

Mathematics
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The colon is also used in mathematics, cartography, model building and other fields to denote a ratio or a scale, as in 3:1 (pronounced "three to one"). A betting odd of the form {\displaystyle r:s} corresponds to the probability {\displaystyle {\tfrac {s}{r+s}}}. Unicode provides a distinct **ratio** character, Unicode U+2236 (∶) for mathematical usage.

In many non-English-speaking countries, the colon is used as a division sign: "*a divided by b*" is written as ***a : b***.

The combination with an equal sign, {\displaystyle :=\,}, is used for definitions.

Internet usage
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On the Internet (online chats, email, message boards, etc.), a colon or multiple colons is sometimes used to denote an action or emote. In this use, it has the inverse function of quotation marks—denoting actions where unmarked text is assumed to be dialog. For example:

**Kim:** Pluto is so small, it should not be considered a planet. It is tiny!
**Mel:** Oh really? ::Drops Pluto on Kim’s head:: Still think it's small now?
Colons may also be used for sounds (as with ":Click:"). One can contrast this use with the use of outer asterisks (for example, \*cough\* would denote that the speaker is coughing, as opposed to saying the word 'cough').

It also has the widespread usage of representing two vertically aligned eyes in a emoticon, such as :-), :( :P, :D, :3, etc

Related pages
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* Semicolon, the ";" punctuation marks