recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
As Scotland is part of the United Kingdom, the British national song "God Save the King" is used in Scotland on royal occasions, for example, or when Scottish athletes participate at the Olympics. However, in other situations, other songs are used as *acutual* Scottish songs, especially "Flower of Scotland" and "Scotland the Brave". There have been calls for Scotland to have its own official national song.

In 2004, lawyers for the devolved Scottish Parliament advised that it was within the legal smart ability of the Scottish Parliament to choose a national song for Scotland, going against the suggestion that it would be a matter reserved to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. This ruling caused some interest in the idea, and a petition to the Scottish Parliament's petitions committee supported by the Scottish Green Party was referred without recommendation to the Scottish Executive, but they decided to take no action, thinking about the issue not to be a political priority. There have been subsequent attempts to re-open the debate on a national anthem for Scotland.

In 2006, the Scottish Parliament Enterprise Committee denied a formal request from Scottish National Party MSP Michael Matheson on the subject.

Current use
-----------

At most international sporting events Scotland uses "Flower of Scotland" as its national song. These events include matches of the Scottish national football team, Scottish cricket team and the Scottish rugby union team. The song has also been used as the victory song of Scotland at the Commonwealth Games since 2010, replacing "Scotland the Brave".

Possible candidates
-------------------

In June 2006 the Royal Scottish National Orchestra conducted an online opinion poll on their website, asking visitors to choose a favourite to be Scotland's national song. With over 10,000 votes cast, "Flower of Scotland" came first with 41% of the votes, followed by "Scotland the Brave" with 29%.

| Tune | Votes (%) |
| --- | --- |
| "Flower of Scotland" | 41% |
| "Scotland the Brave" | 29% |
| "Highland Cathedral" | 16% |
| "A Man's A Man for A' That" | 7% |
| "Scots Wha Hae" | 6% |

Other songs which have been suggested include Robert Burns' "Auld Lang Syne", and Hamish Henderson's "Freedom Come-All-Ye". Both of these songs, from the 18th and 20th centuries respectively, are written in Lowland Scots.
A rowboat is an early example of a watercraft
A **watercraft** is a vehicle that can move on the surface of the water. Some watercrafts can go under the water. Examples of watercrafts are boats, ships, hovercraft and submarines. Watercrafts are usually propelled by a sail, oar, paddle or engine.

Types
-----

There are different types of watercrafts. They are:

* Personal watercraft
* Pleasure craft
* Lifeboat
* Ship
* Submarine
* Merchant ship
* Sailboat

Propulsion
----------

Watercraft use different ways to move. They are:

* Oars: An oar is a tool used to move a boat through the water. It is one of the first means of moving a watercraft.
* Sail: A sail is a large piece of cloth on the top of some boats. The wind goes around the sail and makes the boat move through the water.
* Engine: An engine is a machine used to change energy into movement that can be used. Natural gas are usually used to make the engine change energy. Some military we engines use nuclear energy.

Uses
----

Watercrafts are used for fishing. They are also used to transport goods and services to different places. They are used by the military to attack when there is war.

Watercrafts are used in many types of water sports. Watercraft like submarines are used to explore the deep ocean. They are also used for leisure. Some watercrafts are also used to get natural resources from the ocean.
The **Vermont Republic** was a country that existed from 1777 to 1791. It was located on land that was claimed by New York and New Hampshire. It had its own postal system, military, and currency. Even though it had a government, it was not respected by Great Britain or the Continental Congress.

History
-------

New York and New Hampshire both claimed that Vermont was in their control. This argument was caused by the New Hampshire Grants. The governor of New Hampshire wrote 135 grants giving 6 square miles of land each to create towns. New York also made grants in the same areas.

In January 1777 it was made independent as "New Connecticut". In June, the name was changed to "Vermont". On July 2, 1777, representatives of nearby Vermont towns met in Windsor. They wanted to leave New York and form their own country under a new constitution. The Vermont Constitution was designed to be like the Pennsylvania Constitution, and was very democratic. Adult slavery was banned in Vermont. This made Vermont the first state to not allow slavery. They gave all adult males the right to vote. In the past, only people who owned land could vote. The constitution outlined how eminent domain would work in Vermont, which is where the government can take private property if they pay the owners. It also ordered public schools to be made.

Vermont sent representatives to the United States, the Netherlands, and France to try to discuss peace and trade. They wanted to join the United States as the fourteenth state. Money made in 1785 and 1786 said "STELLA QUARTA DECIMA" on it, which means "the fourteenth star" in Latin.

New York did not want Vermont to become a state because they still said the land was their own. In 1790, representatives of both states met and decided that Vermont would pay $30,000 to New York in exchange for New York respecting the border between the two states at Lake Champlain. After this, Vermont became the 14th state in 1791. At that time, the population was about 85,000.

Green Mountain Boys
-------------------

The Green Mountain Boys were the militia and only military force of Vermont. They began in 1775 after an argument about land between New York and New Hampshire.

The militia was lead by Major General Ethan Allen, who was born in Vermont and was in the military from 1757 (British Army) until 1780 (Vermont militia).

In 1780, 300 soldiers of the Green Mountain Boys defended against 307 British and Iroquois soldiers in the Royalton raid. The British and Iroquois attacked Vermont as a part of many raids by the British in the American Revolutionary War.

The Green Mountain Boys fought with the Continental Army in the Battle of Ticonderoga and the Battle of Bennington.
**Wichsenstein** is a village in the municipality of Gößweinstein in the Upper Franconian county of Forchheim in Germany.

Geography
---------

Wichsenstein is high up in the hills of Franconian Switzerland between the city of Nuremberg and the towns of Forchheim and Bayreuth about six kilometres southwest of Gößweinstein and fourteen kilometres east of Forchheim. The Wichsenstein Rock (*Wichsensteiner Fels*) towers over the centre of the village. It may be climbed using steps and, at a height of 587.8 m above sea level (NN), offers panoramic views over Franconian Switzerland.

History
-------

The independent parish of Wichsenstein was broken up on 1 May 1978. The majority of its more than 500 residents with the villages of Wichsenstein, Altenthal, Hardt, Sattelmannsburg and Ühleinshof were incorporated into the market town (*Markt*) of Gößweinstein. The villages of Eberhardstein, Pfaffenloh and Urspring with around 50 residents joined Markt Pretzfeld.

Related pages
-------------

* Wichsenstein Castle

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Wichsenstein***.

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Authority control: International Edit this at Wikidata | 
* VIAF

 |
Pole carrying telephone, electricity and Cable TV equipment. Two pairs of shoes can be seen hanging from wires.
A **utility pole**, **telegraph pole**, **telephone pole**, **power pole**, or **telegraph post** is a post or pole upon which telephone network equipment is situated. Similar poles are often used for electricity cables (with pylons being used for only the higher voltage applications) and frequently a pole will share both power and communications lines. Telegraph poles first became commonplace in the middle 19th century. At first they had only one wire, then in urban areas many. In Canada, the poles are commonly referred to as **hydro poles**, as the electric companies commonly have "Hydro" in their name.

Utility poles are usually wooden, but vary greatly from nation to nation. Other common utility pole materials are steel and concrete, with composites (fibreglass) becoming used more often. In some countries, for example the UK, poles have sets of brackets arranged in a standard pattern up the pole to act as hand and foot holds for those working on the equipment or connections atop the pole.

Other websites
--------------

* Lots of photographs Archived 2016-08-07 at the Wayback Machine
* Photographs of Various U.S. Utility Poles Archived 2006-11-17 at the Wayback Machine
* Hungarian Telephone Poles Archived 2006-12-09 at the Wayback Machine
* Utility Poles
**Showmatch** was an Argentine entertainment and humor program. It was hosted by Marcelo Tinelli.

Reviews
-------

Showmatch has aired for years as one of the most successful programs in the history of Argentine television. It is due to its great impact on the industry and its high audience numbers, generally managing to beat all its competition. These factors have managed to keep the program over time, considering it a true phenomenon. However, since 2015, the average rating of the program has dropped, getting low ratings never seen before. 2021 became the worst year for the program.

History
-------

### Early history

It began broadcasting on April 4, 2005 on Channel 9. It was produced until 2017 by Ideas del Sur. It is the continuity of Videomatch, also from the same production company. From 2006 until its end, on December 10, 2021;  and except for the year 2013 and 2020 that did not air; was broadcast on El Trece. From 2018 to 2021, the production is in charge of LaFlia Contents.

### 2017 - 2021

After the rupture at the end of 2017 with Grupo Indalo (temporarily renamed Grupo Ceibo) after a year with many conflicts that almost caused the end of the program's broadcasts, the continuity of Showmatch was confirmed for 2018 and 2019 with the support of El Trece. 

However, as it turned out, the program had to change its name, since the Showmatch brand would not belong to the new production, so the possibility of taking the Videomatch name again was considered. However, given the protection of said name because it is owned by Telefe, the name used for the 2018 season is simply "Bailando 2018". In mid-June, it was confirmed that the program would return to its title Showmatch as before until its final season, in 2021.
The **Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981** is an law for environmental conservation made by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It protects native species and restricts the release of non-native species into the wild. The Act is split into four parts. Killing most mammals and almost all birds is illegal in the United Kingdom, except for certain types and for certain reasons.

Licenses
--------

General licences under the act to hunt birds are issued each year by the Department for Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in England. The Department can give a licence to kill or disturb birds. It also gives out a general licence. This allows any "authorised person", that is someone who has the landowner's permission, to kill certain birds, or to destroy their eggs or nests, if there is no other way to get rid of the birds.

This table shows the name of the bird, and the reasons (Marked with a tick) that type of bird can be destroyed.

| Common name | Scientific name | To prevent the spread of disease1 | To help conserve wild birds | To preserve public health or public safety |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Canada Goose | Branta Canadensis |  |  |  |
| Crow | Corvus corone |  |  |  |
| Dove, Collared | Streptopelia decaocto |  |  |  |
| Gull, Great Black-backed | Larus marinus |  |  |  |
| Gull, Herring | Larus argentatus |  |  |  |
| Gull, Lesser Black-backed | Larus fuscus |  |  |  |
| Jackdaw | Corvus monedula |  |  |  |
| Jay | Garrulus glandarius |  |  |  |  |
| Magpie | Pica pica |  |  |  |
| Pigeon, Feral | Columba livia |  |  |  |
| Rook | Corvus frugilegus |  |  |  |
| Woodpigeon | Columba palumbus |  |  |  |
|

1or to prevent serious damage to livestock or damage to foodstuffs for livestock, crops, vegetables, fruit, growing timber, fisheries or inland waters.

Other websites
--------------

* Official text of the Act
**Zeyno Günenç** (born June 22, 1967, İzmit) is a theater, cinema and serialist.

Biography
---------

Zeyno Günenç graduated from Mimar Sinan University State Conservatory Theater Department. He worked in Bursa State Theater for three years. He resigned from this institution and went to Vancouver. Süheyl Uygur and Behzat Uygur brothers traveled to Turkey for a three-year tour of the game titled "Three Slakers". Famous with the character "Aunt Dominant Gonul" in the series named Çocuklar Duymasın ("Children's Hearing"). He married Okan Bayülgen and worked in the Tiyatrokare community. It was alleged that some of the morning program at TRT broke down due to pressures.

Filmography
-----------

* Tatlı İntikam - 2016
* Çocuklar Duymasın - 2010
* Geniş Aile - 2009
* Paramparça Aşklar - 2008
* Hayat Apartmanı - 2007
* Doktorlar - 2006
* Keloğlan Kara Prens'e Karşı - 2005
* Çocuklar Ne Olacak - 2004
* Avrupa Yakası - 2004
* Çocuklar Duymasın - 2002
* En Son Babalar Duyar - 2002
* Dadı - 2001
* Eyvah Kızım Büyüdü - 2000
* Kuşlu Çorap - 1988

Other websites
--------------

* *Zeyno Günenç* on IMDb
Tables of conversion between Jersey vergées and English acres from an 1891 almanac
A **vergée**, or **vergee**, is a unit of area, a quarter of the French acre. Other spellings include **vergie** and **vrégie**. It is not an SI unit. The SI unit of area is the square metre.

The term derives from Latin *virga* (rod). Compare French *verge* (yard).

In the Channel Islands, it is a standard measure of land, but the statutory definition differs between the bailiwicks.

* In Guernsey, a vergée (Guernésiais: vergie) is 17,640 square feet (1,639 m²). It is 40 (square) Guernsey perches. A Guernsey perch (also spelt perque) is 21 feet by 21 feet.
* In Jersey, a vergée (Jèrriais: vrégie) is 19,360 square feet (1,798.6 m²). It is 40 (square) Jersey perches. A Jersey perch (also spelt pèrque) is a square 24 *pied de perche* on each side (i.e. a square 22 imperial feet on each side).

An inscribed stone describes this 11 vergée 25 perch *clos des pauvres* in Jersey
In France a vergée was 12,100 square Paris feet (1,276.8 m²). It was 25 (square) perches. The surveying perch measured 22 French feet. the royal perch was 18 French feet.

Conversions
-----------

1 vergée (Guernsey) is equivalent to:

* 1 638.809 63 m²
* 0.404958678 acres

1 vergée (Jersey) is equivalent to:

* 1,798.60285 m²
* 0.444444444 acres

Related pages
-------------

* French units of measurement (to 1795)
* Virgate
**Wiener FC 1898** (Vienna Football Club 1898) was one of the first football clubs in Austrias capital Vienna. The club existed from 1897 till 1903.

History
-------

The club was the football section of the *Deutsch-Österreichischen Turnverein Wien* (German-Austrian gymnastic club). The Turnverein was founded by Jewish members of the *Ersten Wiener Turnverein 1861* (First Vienna gymnastic club). In the 1880s the club allowed only members of German origin to be members. So did other sports clubs. The Jewish members formed the Deutsch-Österreichischen Turnverein.

In 1898 the football section became a club of its own. In the first year they reached the final of the Challenge-Cup, a football competition for clubs from the Austrian- Hungary Empire. They lost 7-0 to Vienna Cricket and Football-Club. In the next editions the club reached the semi finals. In 1900/01 the Österreichischen Fußball-Union organized a league and Wiener FC was put in the 1. Klasse. They played for the Tagblatt-Pokal (Tagblatt-Cup, "Tagblatt" was a newspaper from Vienna)

The reason for quitting the league was that the club suffered often from a lack of players.

Honours
-------

* Challenge-Cup-Final: 1898
* Challenge-Cup-semi finals: 1899, 1900, 1903

Notable player
--------------

* Julius Wiesner 1 international match 1902
**Pierre Danon** is a French entrepreneur. He is Chairman of the Board of the *Volia Group* of Companies, Deputy Chairman of the Board of *TDC A / S* (Denmark), Non-Executive Director of Standard Life in Scotland, Chairman of the Board of *Ypso Holding* And *Altice B2B Holding* (owned by the French operators "Numericable" and "Completel"), a member of the board of directors of *Ciel Investment Limited*.

Biography
---------

Perre Danon was born in 1956 in France.

He holds a degree in civil engineering from the National School of Bridges and Roads (French: *École nationale des ponts et chaussées*) and a Master of Law degree from the Faculty of Law in University of Paris II Pantheon-Assas (French: *Université Paris II Panthéon-Assas*).

Pierre Danon also completed an MBA course at the School of Higher Economic Studies in Paris (French: *École des Hautes Études Commerciales de Paris*).

Career
------

He began his career in 1981 as a financial analyst at *Rank Xerox.*

Pierre Danon has held various management positions, including CEO in Belgium, the Benelux countries, Switzerland and Austria, as vice president of *Xerox Production Systems*, and president of *Xerox Channels Group* in Rochester and New York. He was also a member of the company's strategic strategy committee, managing changes in the company in Europe (launching new products and business solutions). In 1998, he was appointed President of Xerox Europe, headquartered in the United Kingdom.

In September 2000, he became CEO of BT Retail.

From April 2004 to March 2008, Pierre Danon served as the non-executive director of the British multimedia company Emap Plc.

In March 2005, Pierre Danon was appointed Chief Operating Officer of Capgemini Group.

In November 2005, Pierre Danon became Senior Adviser to Walter Gubert, President of JPMorgan Europe-Middle East-Africa.

From August 2006 to October 2008, Pierre Danon served as President of Eircom.

In early 2008, Pierre Danon was appointed CEO of Ciel Investment Limited in Port Louis, Mauritius.

In May 2008 he was elected Deputy Chairman of the Board of TDC A / S, Denmark. 

On September 1, 2008, Pierre Danon became the director of the French telecommunications group *Numéricable-Completel.*

In December 2010, he was appointed Chairman of the Board of Ypso Holding and Altice B2B Holding. 

In May 2011, Pierre Danon was appointed Chairman of the Board of Volia Group of Companies, which is the largest Ukrainian cable operator for Internet and television. 

In October 2011, Danon was appointed non-executive director of Standard Life in Edinburgh, Scotland.
***She's Gotta Have It*** is a 1986 black and white comedy-drama movie. It was written, directed and edited by Spike Lee. Lee also acts in the movie.

Plot
----

Nola Darling is a young and attractive woman from Brooklyn. She is in relationships with three men: the polite and well-meaning Jamie Overstreet, the self-obsessed model Greer Childs and the immature Mars Blackmon. Though Nola is attracted to the best in each of them, she refuses to commit to any of them. Instead, she likes her personal freedom.

Her carefree, sexual lifestyle comes to an end when the three men meet and talk about Nola. Greer justifies Nola's arrogant behavior by saying she doesn't see the three as individuals. She sees the three as a group. Jamie and Mars become unhappy over how little Nola cares for all three men.

Jamie realizes that Greer and Mars are too scared of losing Nola to force her to choose one of them. Jamie tells Nola she must choose a single lover. Nola asks Jamie to come to her apartment to have casual sex. Jamie rapes Nola. He mockingly asks her if he's as good sexually as Greer or Mars. Nola has a "no-sex" agreement. Jamie rejects it at first. Then he agrees.

Themes
------

Nola realizes the freedom to have many sex partners that men have usually enjoyed. "A woman (or, at least Nola) can be a sexual being, doesn't belong to a man and perhaps shouldn't even wish for such a thing".

Cast
----

* Tracy Camilla Johns as Nola Darling
* Tommy Redmond Hicks as Jamie Overstreet
* John Canada Terrell as Greer Childs
* Spike Lee as Mars Blackmon
* Raye Dowell as Opal Gilstrap
* Joie Lee as Clorinda Bradford
* Dennis Karika as The Trainer
* S. Epatha Merkerson as Dr. Jamison
* Bill Lee as Sonny Darling
* Erik Dellums as Dog 3
* Reginald Hudlin as Dog 4
* Ernest Dickerson as Dog 8
* Fab Five Freddy as Dog 10
* Scott Sillers as Dog 11
* Geoffrey L. Garfield as Dog 12

Release
-------

### Box office

*She's Gotta Have It* opened in one theater on August 8, 1986. It made $28,743 on its opening weekend. The movie took in $7,137,503 in the United States.

### Critical reception

The movie was well-liked by critics and audiences. Rotten Tomatoes rated this movie at 90% based on the reviews of 31 critics. The Metacritic rated the movie at 79/100.

### Awards

1986 Cannes Film Festival
* *"Award of the Youth"* Foreign Film — Spike Lee (won)

1986 Los Angeles Film Critics Awards
* *"New Generation Award"* — Spike Lee (won)

1987 Independent Spirit Awards
* Best First Feature — Spike Lee (won)
* Best Female Lead — Tracy Camilla Johns (nominated)

Home media
----------

The movie was released in VHS format. In 2008 it was released on DVD in Region 1 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.

Television series
-----------------

A television series based on the movie got started on Netflix in 2017. Director Spike Lee directed the first season.
**Pierre Guéry** (born 1965) is a French writer, poet and performer.

Life and work
-------------

Born in Marseille (France), he studied music, drama and modern dance and gained a doctorate in literature and phonetics.

These various strands merge together in his poetic work. He is a performance poet, for whom very different places can be stages for his reading. Illness, madness and mourning are the main subjects of his sound poetry. He uses his voice in many different ways in his performances, from whispering to screaming, from sounds that are not words to formal reciting.

Since 2006 he has been taking part in various poetic and artistic events in France, Belgium, Canada, Germany and Lebanon.

In 2009 he translated the *Poems of Guantanamo* into French, and he has translated some work of important beat poets and spoken word artists such as Anne Waldman and Lawrence Ferlinghetti, from the American.

Works
-----

### Audio Recordings

* *Kit to be hacked*, electronic poems, L'Ovni Tendre/Bourbaki, 2000
* *Slackness*, electronic poems 2, L'Ovni Tendre/Bourbaki, 2002
* *Alien-Nation*, Plaine Page, 2008

### Books

#### Author

* *Alien-Nation* (poetry), Bookleg, Maelström, 2006
* *Bascule* (poetry), Bookleg, Maelström, 2006
* *Erotographie* (poetry), Biliki, 2007
* *En quel pays étrange* (poetry), Compact, Maelström, 2009
* *HP 1999* (novel), Sens&Tonka/L'une&l'autre, 2009
* *Week-end avec Hellènes- Error in fabula* (novel), Sens&Tonka/L'une&l'autre, 2010
* *Poéstreet, des marches de poésie urbaine* (poetry), Compact, Maelström, 2011
* *La Rhétorique des culs* (novel), Sens&Tonka/L'une&l'autre, 2011

#### Translator

* *Fast Speaking Woman*, Anne Waldman, Maelström, 2008
* *Poems of Guantanamo*- *Poèmes de Guantanamo*, Biliki, 2009
* *Soldiering/ Soldatesque*, Anne Waldman, Maelström, 2011
The **Western European Union** (WEU) was a European defence and security organization. It was set up by Treaty of Brussels of 1948, West Germany and Italy joined in 1954. It should not be confused with the European Union (EU). The WEU headquarters were in Brussels. After the Cold War its functions were gradually transferred to the European Union and the Council of Europe. It was dissolved on 31 March 2011.

Treaty of Brussels
------------------

The Treaty of Brussels was signed by the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands on March 17, 1948. It was changed on October 23, 1954 when West Germany and Italy joined. 

The WEU's three main aims are:

* To promote European economic recovery;
* To help each other to resist any attacks or threats of attack;
* To promote the unity in Europe.

The WEU was led by a Council of Ministers, helped by a Council of Permanent Representatives (ambassadors). The Parliamentary Assembly eventually had the same members as the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe). Social and cultural activities were handed to the Council of Europe to avoid duplication.

Other websites
--------------

* WEU official web site Archived 2012-08-11 at the Wayback Machine
* Assembly of the Western European Union Archived 2010-01-14 at the Wayback Machine; Assembly of the Western European Union
* Historical fonds of the Western European Union at the Historical Archives of the EU in Florence
* History of NATO – the Atlantic Alliance - UK Government site
* WEU evolution: The presentation of the Eurocorps-Foreign Legion concept at the European Parliament in June 2003 Archived 2006-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
**Moradabad district** is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Moradabad town is the district headquarters. Moradabad district is a part of Moradabad division. As of 2011 it is the second most populous district of Uttar Pradesh (out of 71), after Allahabad.

The district of Moradabad lies between 28°21´ to 28°16´ north latitude and 78°4´ to 79° east longitude. The district occupies an area of 3493 km2 and has a population of 2,761,620. The city is known for its export of brass handicrafts to North America and Europe, and is also thus called "Brass City" or Peetal Nagri. It has close to four million citizens of various ethnicities and religions.

Geography
---------

The district of Moradabad lies east of the Ganges and west of the native state of Rampur. Its area is 2285 sq. m. It lies within the great Gangetic plain and is demarcated into three subdivisions by the rivers Ramganga and Sot. The eastern tract consists of a submontane country, with an elevation slightly greater than the plain below, and is traversed by numerous streams descending from the Himalayas. The central portion consists of a level central plain descending at each end into the valleys of the Ramganga and Sot. The western section has a gentle slope towards the Ganges, with a rapid dip into the lowlands a few miles from the bank of the great river.

Notable people
--------------

* Jigar Moradabadi
* Piyush Chawla
* Ponty Chadha
* Robert Vadra
* Sufi Amba Prasad
* Arun Lal

Demographics
------------



| Religions in Moradabad |
| --- |
| Religion |  |  | Percent |  |
| Hindus |   | 52.14% |
| Muslims |   | 47.12% |
| Christians |   | 0.28% |
| Jains |   | 0.05% |
| Others† |   | 0.19% |
| Distribution of religions
†Includes Sikhs (0.16%), Buddhists (<0.03%). |

According to the 2011 census Moradabad district has a population of 4,773,138, roughly equal to the nation of Singapore or the US state of Alabama. This gives it a ranking of 26th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 1,284 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,330/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 25.25%. 
In 2011 a new district named Sambhal district is formed with two sub districts of Moradabad district.
The rest of Moradabad district have a population of 3126507.The Muslim population in rest of Moradabad district is 1588297. 
Moradabad has a sex ratio of 903 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 58.67%.
Aerial view of Staffa, with The Colonnade in the foreground and Am Buchaille to the right
Basalt columns: Am Buchaille on Staffa
Basalt columns inside Fingal's Cave
**Staffa** is an island in the Inner Hebrides off the north-west of Scotland. It is famous for Fingal's Cave and other examples of basalt columns. No-one lives there.

The islands became part of the Kingdom of Mann and the Isles, the *Suðreyjar* kingdom of the Norse. The Norsemen ruled for over 400 years until sovereignty was transferred to Scotland by the Treaty of Perth in 1266. The islands were then held by the Clans MacLeod and MacDonald, but Staffa was not regularly inhabited.

Geology
-------

This small island is entirely of volcanic origin. It consists of a basement of tuff, underneath colonnades of a black fine-grained Tertiary basalt, overlying which is a third layer of basalt lava. Slow cooling of the second layer of basalt resulted in an extraordinary pattern of hexagonal columns which form the faces and walls of the principal caves. The lava contracted as it cooled and solidified into columns, a process known as columnar jointing.

The columns have three to eight sides, six being most common. The columns are also divided horizontally by cross joints. Similar formations are found at the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, on the island of Ulva and Ardmeanach on the Isle of Mull. The 'Staffa Group' is the name given to the series of olivine basalts found in and around Mull. The volcanic eruptions took place 55–58 million years ago.
Galaxy cluster in the Pegasus. This image is rotated 90o clockwise from the two below
Stephan's Quintet, X-ray plus optical photograph 
**Stephan's Quintet** is in the constellation Pegasus. It is a visual grouping of five galaxies of which four are the first compact galaxy group ever discovered. The group is about 280 million light years from Earth.

The group was discovered by Édouard Stephan in 1877 at Marseille Observatory.
The group is the most studied of all the compact galaxy groups. The brightest member of the visual grouping is NGC 7320. This has extensive H II regions, seen here as red blobs, where active star formation is occurring.

These galaxies are of interest because of their violent collisions. Four of the five galaxies in Stephan's Quintet form a physical association, Hickson Compact Group 92. They are involved in a cosmic dance that will probably end with the galaxies merging. 

Radio observations in the early 1970s showed a mysterious emission from the inter-galactic space between the galaxies in the group. This same region also showed faint glow of ionized atomic hydrogen. You can see this in the visible part of the spectrum as the magnificent green-blue arc in the picture to the right. Two space telescopes have recently shown something about the nature of the strange filament. It is now believed to be a giant intergalactic shock-wave (similar to a sonic boom but travelling in intergalactic gas rather than air). This is caused by one galaxy (NGC 7318B) falling into the center of the group at several million miles per hour.

The light blue galaxy NGC 7320 is a foreground galaxy, only 40 million light years from Earth.

Photo of the area, with the various galaxies labeled by NGC number
The status of women in Classical Greece was different in different city states. Women in ancient Delphi, Gortyn, Thessaly, Megara and Sparta could own land, which was the most prestigious form of private property at the time.

Athens
------

In ancient Athens, women were not citizens. Until marriage, women were under the guardianship of their father or other male relative. After marriage, their husband (*kyrios*) acted for the wife in all legal matters. Athenian women had limited property rights. Athenian women could enter into a contract worth less than the value of a "medimnos of barley" (a measure of grain). This allowed women to engage in petty trading.

Slaves, like free women, were not eligible for full citizenship in ancient Athens, but sometimes, rarely, they could become citizens if freed. Women, on the other hand, could never get full civil rights. No women ever acquired citizenship in ancient Athens, and so they were excluded from ancient Athenian democracy.

Sparta
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By contrast, Spartan women enjoyed a status, power, and respect that was unknown in the rest of the classical world. Although Spartan women were formally excluded from military and political life they enjoyed considerable status as mothers of Spartan warriors. As men engaged in military activity, women took responsibility for running estates. 

After many years of war in the 4th century BC, Spartan women owned between 35% and 40% of all Spartan land and property. By the Hellenistic period, some of the wealthiest Spartans were women. They controlled their own properties, as well as the properties of male relatives who were away with the army. Unlike Athenian women who wore heavy, concealing clothes and were rarely seen outside the house, Spartan women wore short dresses and went where they pleased. Spartan women rarely married before the age of 20: this was unusual in the ancient world. Girls as well as boys received an education, and young women as well as young men may have joined in the *Gymnopaedia* ("Festival of Nude Youths").

Philosophies
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Some philosophers were in favour of equality for women, but not Plato and Aristotle. Contrary to them, the Stoic philosophers argued for the equality of the sexes. In their view, sexual inequality was contrary to the laws of nature. In doing so, they followed the Cynics, who argued that men and women should wear the same clothing and get the same kind of education. They also saw marriage as a moral companionship between equals rather than a biological or social necessity. The Cynics practiced these views in their lives as well as in their teachings. The Stoics adopted the views of the Cynics and added them to their own theories of human nature. They put their sexual egalitarianism on a strong footing.
**Śruti** (Devanagari श्रुति, "what is heard") are the collection of vedic literature in Hinduism.

Śruti is a canon of Hindu sacred texts. They do not date to a particular period, but rather stretch across the entire history of Hinduism, beginning with the some of the earliest known Hindu texts, spanning into the modern period with the Upanishads.

Śruti has no author; rather, it is divine recording of the "cosmic sounds of truth", heard by rishi. They are timeless teachings transmitted to rishis, or seers, directly by God thousands of years ago. Sruti is thus said to be apaurusheya, "impersonal," or rather "suprahuman."

Śruti consists essentially of the Vedas and the agama, preserved initially through oral tradition and eventually written down in Sanskrit. Among the many sacred books of the Hindus, these two bodies of knowledge are held in the highest esteem. For countless centuries Śruti has been the basis of philosophical discussion, study and commentary, and this attention has given rise to countless schools of thought. It is also the subject of deep study and meditation, to realize the wisdom of the ancients within oneself.

Most mantras are drawn from Śruti, used for rites of worship, both public and domestic, as well as personal prayer and japa. It is a remarkable tribute to Hindu culture that so much of Śruti was preserved for thousands of years without alteration by means of oral instruction from guru to shishya, generation after generation. In the Veda tradition this was accomplished by requiring the student to learn each verse in eleven different ways, including backwards. Traditionally Śruti is not read, but chanted according to extremely precise rules of grammar, pitch, intonation and rhythm. This brings forth its greatest power. In the sacred language of Śruti, word and meaning are so closely aligned that hearing these holy scriptures properly chanted is magical in its effect upon the soul of the listener.
**Stonehaven** (*Steenhive* in the Doric dialect of Scots) and *Cala na Creige* in Gaelic is a town with around fourteen thousand inhabitants (9,577 in the 2001 census) on the northeast coast of Scotland. It is the county town of the historic county of Kincardineshire or The Mearns and the present day county of Aberdeenshire. It grew around an Iron Age fishing village, now the "Auld Toon" ("old town"), and expanded inland from the Seaside. As late as the 16th century, old maps indicate the town was called **Stonehyve** or **Stonehive**.

Famous People
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Stonehaven was the birthplace of Robert William Thomson, inventor of the pneumatic tyre and the fountain pen, of journalist James Murdoch and Lord Reith of Stonehaven, first Director-General of the BBC.

Stonehaven was a holiday retreat of the poet, Robert Burns.

The novelist Lewis Grassic Gibbon (James Leslie Mitchell) attended school at what was the old Mackie Academy (now Arduthie Primary). Mackie Academy now serves over 1000 pupils and they study his work.

Famous historical visitors include William Wallace and Mary Queen of Scots.

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Stonehaven***.

* Undiscovered Scotland Dunnottar Castle
* Stonehaven Online Directory Archived 2009-03-12 at the Wayback Machine

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**Vietnam People's Public Security** is the key armed force of the Communist Party of Vietnam and the state of Socialist Republic of Vietnam as the core and shock in the cause of protecting national security and maintaining the order and safety of the commune. Association of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The People's Public Security Forces has the function of advising the Communist Party of Vietnam and the State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on the protection of national security and preservation of social order and safety; To exercise unified management over the protection of national security and preserve social order and safety; To fight against the conspiracy, activities of hostile forces, assorted crimes and violations of the law on national security, social order and safety. The Vietnamese People's Police is placed under absolute and direct leadership in all aspects of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the domination of the State President, the unified management of the Government and direct and direct management. Next of the Minister of Public Security. The slogan of the force from the early days was "Protecting Homeland Security.
Villa Paul Poiret
Interior
**Villa Paul Poiret** in Mézy-sur-Seine, Yvelines, France, is an important example of modernist architecture. It was Cubism-inspired, and built in the early 1920s. Later Art Deco features were added. It was a private house originally designed by architect Robert Mallet-Stevens.

The house is in 48,500 square metres (12.0 acres) of parkland to the west of Paris, overlooking the Seine Valley. It is made of reinforced concrete to a geometric style.

The villa was commissioned by fashion designer Paul Poiret in 1921. It was completed in 1925. The house fell into disrepair, and was sold by Poiret in 1930 to actress Elvira Popescu, who lived there from 1938 to 1985. Popescu hired the architect Paul Boyer in 1932 to alter the original design to the contemporary Art Deco "ocean liner" style, converting windows to portholes, and rounding-off terrace corners. The house was listed as an historic landmark in 1984.

By 1999 the house had once more become dilapidated. It was bought by Laurent Brun. Under the direction of the two French committees responsible for listed buildings, both the outside and inside have been restored.

Villa Paul Poiret is part of the *Journées de Patrimoine*, (Heritage Days) scheme: public and private buildings of historic importance are open to the public on the third weekend in September.
The **Wiener Bewegungsspieler** was a association football club from Austrias capital Vienna. In his most successful time between 1911 and 1928 they played 12 seasons in the second division.

History
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The team was the football section of the *Teachers' sports association*, which was founded in 1909. In the first league championship 1911/12, the club was ranked in the second class and was able to stay in the second tier until relegation in 1913/14. 

After the First World War, they were promoted again in 1919, and the following years of relegation battles finally came to an end in the 1923/24 season. They finished the second class in second place behind SC Rudolfshügel and also with the 2:1 victory in the ÖFB Cup over the first division team and runners-up this season, Vienna, made the headlines for the club.

When professionalism was introduced in 1924 they decided to continue playing in the second division. The club achieved good results, in the 1927/28 season they again finished second behind SC Nicholson Vienna. Due to the lack of money negotiations were held with SC Nicholson Vienna and Brigittenauer AC. With a purchase price of 3,000 schillings the club was sold which ment the end of the club.

Honours
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* 12 × Second division appearances: 1912–14; 1920–28 (Runner-up:1924, 1928)
**Voice-tracking** is a technique used by some radio stations in radio broadcasting to make an illusion of a live disc jockey or announcer sitting in the studios of the radio station when one is actually not in the station.

Background
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**Voice-tracking** refers to the process of a disc jockey prerecording the parts when they speak on the radio. It is then mixed with songs, commercials and other elements to make it sound like a live air shift. Voice-tracking is mostly used in radio stations, especially during the night, overnight, weekend, and holiday time periods. Most radio stations also use it as a way to save money instead of having disc jockeys around the clock.

Variations
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Sometimes, voice-tracking is done so that people can do other jobs. For example, a DJ may also have a job as a program director or general manager. Voice-tracking allows that person to record a three-hour shift in less than a half-hour, leaving him or her time to do office work. A popular live weekday morning radio host can record parts for a Saturday show, allowing him or her to be on the air six days a week without spending more time at the station. It is also helpful during holidays such as Christmas or Easter, when people are off spending time with their families.

Formatics
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Different radio stations want their DJs to speak only at certain times. Here is an example:

* At example station ZZZZ, the DJs have to follow certain rules. These rules are called **formatics**.

* DJs have to backsell (or give the name and artist of a song that already played) three songs before playing commercials at 22 minutes past the hour.

* DJs have to read or play a pre-recorded weather forecast at 44 minutes past the hour.

* DJs are allowed to speak only over the instrumental part of the song at the beginning. (As shown below)

As an example, see the picture below:  

As one song ends, the next song begins. At this point, the DJ doesn't start talking until the second song starts and he stops at the point where the song's vocals start.
The **New England Emigrant Aid Company** (est.1854), originally the **Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Company**, was a transportation company in Boston, Massachusetts. It was created to bring immigrants to the Kansas Territory. This was done to make sure Kansas would become a free state. The company was created by Eli Thayer, a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, over a month before the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed in 1854. This act allowed the population of Kansas Territory to choose for themselves whether or not slavery would be legal. The concept was called popular sovereignty.

The company was chartered in Massachusetts and started with a capital of $5 million. Thayer's plan was to play on antislavery sentiment in the Northern United States. At the time there was a very delicate balance between slave states and free states. The Company send settlers to Kansas to buy land and build houses, shops and mills. The settlers could then sell the land at a significant profit and send the money back to Thayer and his investors. Because several investors found the idea of profiting from the antislavery cause unpleasant, the company's model was shifted to that of a benevolent society. The name was changed to the New England Emigrant Aid Company in 1855. The Company never made a profit or made a significant impact on the population of Kansas. But, it caused Border Ruffians from nearby Missouri, where slavery was legal, to move to Kansas in order to ensure its admission to the Union as a slave state. This in turn further galvanized Free-Staters and abolitionists to act. To protect the settlers they sent, the Company secretly sent armed men and Sharps rifles to Kansas. The rifles were sent in crates marked "books" and "Bibles". This played a part in what would become Bleeding Kansas.
A **rehearsal** is a practice before a concert or play in a theatre or some other performance. The group of performers will get together to **rehearse**. They may rehearse together many times before the performance so that they get used to performing with one another.

A **dress rehearsal** is the last rehearsal before the performance. It is called a 'dress rehearsal' because in a theatre the actors will be wearing their costumes. When an orchestra or other music group have a 'dress rehearsal' this does not mean that they have to dress up. It simply means that it is the last rehearsal, and it will be in the hall where they are going to perform so that everything is as it will be for the performance.

Orchestras often have **section rehearsal**s or **sectional**s. This means that each group of instruments rehearse separately, e.g. the string sectional will be all the string instruments rehearsing together. This can be useful because they can concentrate on the bits which are particularly difficult for them: the string instruments can talk about the bowing etc.

An **open rehearsal** is a rehearsal that the public can come and watch. In opera houses the dress rehearsal is often an open rehearsal. The entry may be free or the audience may have to pay, but not as much as for a ticket for a performance. The audience will have to understand that the performance may be stopped if something goes wrong and needs to be rehearsed. Singers will often save their voices by not singing as loudly as they will in the performance (this is called "marking").

A **technical rehearsal** in a theatre is a rehearsal for practising things such as lighting and using props.
**Uriyadi 2** is a Tamil-language social thriller movie. It was directed by Vijay Kumar. It is a sequel to the 2016 political thriller movie *Uriyadi*. *Uriyadi 2* was produced by actor Suriya’s 2D Entertainment.

Production
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After the release of *Uriyadi* in 2016, there was widespread anticipation about Vijay Kumar's next. Two years later, it was announced that *Uriyadi 2* will be directed by Vijay Kumar with Suriya producing it. The movie's principal photography started on 20 September 2018 in Tenkasi. The first look motion poster was released by Suriya on the same day. Vijay Kumar is also the co-producer of *Uriyadi 2*, through his production house, Souvenir Productions. Most of the shooting is to take place in Tenkasi and Courtallam. A new technical crew is introduced in this sequel, where Praveen Kumar N. Linu M. and Ezhumalai Adikesavan are assigned as the cinematographer, editor and art director respectively. Vicky is assigned as the stunt director, continuing his association with the director from his previous movie. Govind Vasantha, who composed for *Asuravadham* and *Solo*, is the music director, working with the director for the first time.

Cast
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* Vijay Kumar as Lenin Vijay
* Vismaya
* Sudhakar
* Shankar Thas
* Abbas

Soundtrack
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The movie's soundtrack was composed by Govind Vasantha, replacing Masala Coffee as the composer of the previous movie. The audio rights are handled by Sony Music India.