recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
When talking about journalism, a **listicle** in an article that is published as a list. The titles of such articles will usually contain a number, and often a superlative: "The 10 most important things...", "The 30 best places..." are examples of such titles. The article will then give this numbered list, and often also an explanation, for each item. Many of these listicles are presented in a count-down order, so that the best item is at the end. This also implies a ranking. Other listicles give no ranking directly, and simply discuss the items, perhaps gropuing them by theme: "20 things to do in ..".The word is a portmanteau derived from *list* and *article.* The word is similar to "popsicle". This stresses the fun but "not too nutritious" nature of the listicle.

Listicles also have the benefit that they can be produced more rapidly than in-depth articles or essays, which may require a lot of research.

Media
-----

While conventional reportage and essay-writing often require the careful crafting of narrative flow, the building-block nature of the listicle lends itself to more rapid production. It can also be a means of "recycling" information, as often it is the context, not the content, that is original. For example, one can construct a listicle by adding captions to YouTube clips. For these reasons, the form has come under criticism as a "kind of cheap content-creation".

> 
> It's so easy you wonder why everyone doesn't do it until you realize that now it's all they do: Come up with an idea ("Top 10 Worst [X]") on the L train ride to the office that morning, [and] slap together 10 (or 25, or 100) cultural artifacts ripe for the kind of snarky working over that won't actually tax you at all as a writer/thinker.
> 
> 
> 

The blogger and technologist Anil Dash has disparaged the proliferation of listicles, particularly within the blogosphere, characterizing them in 2006 as the "geek equivalents of Cosmo coverlines".

Nevertheless, the form remains a mainstay of the newsstand and of the web. The covers of magazines such as *Cosmopolitan* and *Men's Journal* regularly sport at least one, if not several listicles. Some websites, such as BuzzFeed, generate hundreds of listicles daily.

History
-------

Alex Johnson, writing for *The Independent*, suggested that an 1886 speech by Sir John Lubbock which gave a list of around 100 books "which on the whole are perhaps best worth reading" was an early form of listicle, and that Lubbock should be considered the 'godfather' of the format.

Steven Poole suggested that listicles have literary precursors like Jorge Luis Borges's "The Analytical Language of John Wilkins". He also compares it to more high-art versions like Umberto Eco's *The Infinity of Lists*, a book composed entirely of lists.

In 2009, posts in the format "25 Random Things About Me" became an Internet meme, starting on Facebook but spreading to the broader web, and attracting considerable media coverage in the process.

Other websites
--------------

* The dictionary definition of listicle at Wiktionary
* What Is a Listicle?, by Jo Christy
* 23 Reasons Why We Should Snort at Listicles, by Alfred A. Yuson
Cans of petroleum. Petroleum is a type of fuel.
A **fuel** is a substance that is changed in some way to produce heat, electricity, or other forms of energy. This is usually by being burnt in fire, although there are exceptions, such as nuclear fuel. Fuel can be divided into two main types: fossil fuels and other fuels.

Fossil fuel
-----------

See the main article: Fossil fuel
There are several kinds of fossil fuels:

* coal
* oil and products that are refined from oil (gasoline, diesel, kerosene)
* natural gas

Some people do not want us to use fossil fuels because they may pollute the environment. Because all fossil fuels are made out of carbon, burning them makes carbon dioxide. Some people think that too much carbon dioxide in the air may cause a greenhouse effect. Fossil fuels are also non-renewable, or renew extremely slowly (thousands of years). This means that we will eventually run out of fossil fuels.

Other fuels
-----------

Other fuels are not made from fossils. Some of these, like nuclear and hydrogen, do not have carbon in them. Others, like wood or ethanol, do have carbon in them. Some examples of these fuels are:

* Nuclear fuel (uranium, plutonium, thorium, etc.)
* Hydrogen
* Extracted from the wind
* Biofuels from biomass
	+ Firewood
	+ Biodiesel (a diesel-type fuel made from plants)
	+ Ethanol (made from grains or other plants)

These fuels are renewable. This means that we can make more of them if we run out. For instance, if we run out of ethanol, we can grow some more corn and make some more ethanol.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Fuel***.

* Fuel -Citizendium
Hiden in April 1939
**Rudi Hiden** (Josef Rudolf Hiden, born 9 March 1909 in Graz, Styria, Austria – died 11 September 1973 in Vienna) was an Austrian–French footballer. He was goalkeeper. After his career as player he became football coach.

Career
------

He started playin football with Grazer A.K. where he played from 1925 - 1927. Then he went to Vienna, where he played for WAC(1927-1933). 1933 he planed to went to Arsenal London, but the Players Union did not allow this, so he went on to RC Paris together with Auguste Jordan, another Austrian footballer. 1937 he took the French nationality and played once for the French team in a 1940 match versus Portugal.

International career
--------------------

He started at the age of 19 in a match versus Yugoslavia(3:0). His second match he played two years later, he was very good so he became No.1 goalkeeper of the Austrian team. He was the goalkeeper in the golden age of the Austrian team, the so-called Wunderteam (Wonderteam). In the early 1930 the team played 15 matches and won 12 and lost only one game (in Wembley versus England 3:4)

After his footballer career he became coach of different teams in Italys Seria B.

* 1951–1952 Salernitana
* 1952–1953 Messina
* 1953–1954 Palermo
* 1956–1957 Messina
* danach US Carrarese
* 1963–1964 Salernitana

Honours
-------

* **Austrian Cup** (1):
	+ 1931
* **French championship (1):**
	+ 1936
* **Coupe de France (3):**
	+ 1936, 1939, 1940
* In 2005 a lane in Viennas district Donaustadt was named after him (Rudi-Hiden-Gasse)

Other websites
--------------

* The Wonderteam-Painting by Paul Meissner  Archived 2015-04-03 at the Wayback Machine
In this Japanese name, the family name is  *Hirata*.
Count **Hirata Tosuke** (平田 東助, March 2, 1849 – April 14, 1925) was a Japanese statesman and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan, active in the Meiji and Taishō period Empire of Japan.

Biography
---------

Hirata was born in the Yonezawa Domain, Dewa Province (currently Yamagata Prefecture) as the son of a local *samurai*. He was sent by the domain to Edo for studies, and subsequently fought in the Boshin War on the side of the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei. After the Meiji Restoration, was ordered by the domain to go to Tokyo and study at the *Daigaku Nankō* (predecessor of Tokyo Imperial University). After graduating, he was a student member of the Iwakura Mission of 1871 along with Makino Nobuaki. He later stayed in Germany to study at Heidelberg University (where he studied politics and international law) and Leipzig University (where he studied commercial law). He is the first Japanese with a doctorate degree.

Hirata returned to Japan in 1876 and served in a number of posts in the new Meiji government's Ministry of Finance, and later became Documentation Bureau Director of the Grand Council *(Daijō-kan)* and Legislation Bureau Director. In 1890, he was selected as a member of the House of Peers of the new Diet of Japan by Imperial command. 

He successively held important posts including chief secretary of the Privy Council, director-general of the Legislation Bureau, Agriculture and Commerce Minister in the first Katsura cabinet, Home Minister in the second Katsura cabinet, provisionary Diplomatic Investigation Board member, and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan. 

Hirata was also very active in the movement of local agricultural reforms, an industrial cooperative program, and poverty relief projects, striving to protect the local country people against the inflationary economy after the Russo-Japanese War and World War I.

Other websites
--------------

* Sims, Richard. *Japanese Political History Since the Meiji Renovation 1868-2000*. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-23915-7


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Hirata Tosuke***.

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* FAST
* ISNI
* VIAF
* WorldCat Identities

 |
| National | 
* France
* BnF data
* Germany
* United States
* Japan

 |
Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher
**Frank Jack Fletcher** (29 April 1885 - 25 April 1973) was an Admiral in the United States Navy. He was born at Marshalltown, Iowa, of the same family line as Captain Frank "Pat" Fletcher and of Rear Admiral Frank Friday Fletcher, noted men in the Navy. He attended the Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland and had jobs on many warships. In 1914 he got the Medal of Honor at Vera Cruz. Then he was in control of a destroyer in World War I received the Navy Cross. Later he took Naval and Army War College training, became chief of staff Asiatic Fleet, aide to Secretary of the Navy Swanson, and Commanding Officer of battleship *New Mexico.* He became Rear Admiral in control of Cruiser Division 3 in 1939. He was Commander of Cruisers, Pacific Fleet at the time
of Pearl Harbor. In the very bad, first six months of the war, he was Task Force Commander at the Battle of Coral Sea, the Battle of Midway, and the Battle of Eastern Solomons. Vice Admiral Fletcher then became Commander North Pacific Forces where he took the surrender of the Imperial Northern Fleet. After the war he became Chairman of the Navy General Board till he retired. Admiral Fletcher rests at Arlington National Cemetery.

"Frank Jack Fletcher, was the best fighting commander in the U.S. Navy in the twentieth century. He came out best in all three aircraft carrier battles in which he fought -- there were only five such fights in of all history. Admiral Fletcher was outnumbered at all times and when the other side was at its highest point in the early years of the Pacific War. He did not let the other side take Australia, Midway, and Guadalcanal. He put down six of the ten Japanese carriers with four of the six great carriers that had attacked Pearl Harbor. His acts were completely his own, because there was no such thing as carrier fighting experience before him to learn to fight ships from the air. He kept the Pacific safe which let much support to go to Europe and started the Allied victory in World War II."
The Upper and Lower **Fezouata formations** of Morocco are Burgess Shale type deposits dating to the Lower Ordovician. In the fossilized fauna were numerous organisms previously thought to have died out after the mid-Cambrian. The discovery proves conclusively that the Burgess Shale biota did not go extinct in the Cambrian.

Biota
-----

Over 1500 non-mineralized Burgess Shale types, representing 50 taxa, have been recovered from the formations. There are also a less abundant shelly fauna. The make-up of the community varies significantly through the stratigraphic sequence, with both abundances and faunal composition changing as time progresses. Small (1–3 mm wide) burrows are present in the sediment, but major burrowing is absent; this may suggest a paucity of oxygen in the water or sediment.

Particularly notable is the presence of bryozoa and graptolites, forms that are absent in the Cambrian period. Various echinoderms indicate a normal range of salinity, and the overall shelly assemblage is not significantly different from the normal shelly fauna expected in open Ordovician waters.

The non-mineralized (soft-bodied) fossils contains a range of forms familiar from the Burgess Shale. Other Ordovician oddballs are also present, including cheloniellids and horseshoe crabs in abundance.

Geology
-------

### Depositional setting

The fossiliferous strata were deposited in quiet, deep waters, below the influence of wave action in all but the fiercest of storms. Such storms, or similar high-energy events, would have mobilized sediment that could be quickly deposited, trapping animals and leading to their preservation. Consequently, the assemblage is dominated by benthic organisms.

### Preservation

Fossils of the Fezouata formation, which are usually squashed flat (although some do retain some degree of their original three-dimensionality) are often coated with a dusting of pyrite, and tin; this aspect of the fossil preservation is very similar to that at Chengjiang. Non-mineralized appendages are often preserved.

### Location

The fossils a span an area of 500 km2, in southeast Morocco's Draa Valley, north of Zagora. Fossils are found are found through a 1.1 km-thick column of rock that spans the two lowest epochs of the Ordovician.

History
-------

The lagerstätten were first identified in the late 1990s when a local fossil collector, Ben Moula, showed some of the finds to a PhD student who was then working in the area.
Martin Hinteregger (2014)
Martin Hinteregger ()F.C. Red Bull Salzburg
**Martin Hinteregger** ( born September 7 th, 1992 in Feldkirchen, Carinthia) is an Austrian footballplayer and plays for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Football Bundesliga as defender.

Club career
-----------

He started playing in the local soccer club SGA Sirnitz and played in different youth teams. 2006 he came to Red Bull Salzburg. His first match in professional football was on April, 23rd 2006 in the second squad of Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Football First League, which is the second highest league in Austria. Due to the injury of Andreas Ulmer he was transferred to the first squad. His first match in the Bundesliga was versus SV Kapfenberg on October 16, 2010. Five days later he debuted in an international match versus Juventus Turin. In the season 2010/11 he plaed 17 times for the first squad of FC Salzburg. This was honoured through the title "Rookie of the Year 2010" in the Leonidas-election where the best athlets in Salzburg are elected. In the 2013/14 season he became a regular member of the starting team.

International career
--------------------

Austrian U19-team 1 row second from leftMartin Hinteregger played in different Austrian youth teams so U17 (two times), U18 and U19(4 times). U stands for "under". On November 19th, 2013 he played his first match in the national team against the USA.

Family
------

His grandfather was in the first team of the new founded SGA Sirnitz and his sister is playing in the womansquad of the club.
**FC Dordoi Bishkek** is a football club from Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. The club plays in the Kyrgyzstan League. Dordoi Bishkek is the most successful club in the league, with 9 titles.

History
-------

The club was founded in 1997 by businessman Askar Salymbekov. The club was first named **FC Dordoi Naryn**. In 1998, the club was renamed to **FC Dordoi-Zhashtyk-SKIF Naryn**. One year later, the club was renamed **FC Dordoi Naryn**. The club played their first season in the Kyrgyzstan League in 1999. They finished at 5th place. In 2004, they won their first league title, and also won the Kyrgyzstan Cup. In 2006 and 2007, the club won the AFC President's Cup. On the same year, the club was renamed **FC Dordoi-Dynamo Naryn**. In 2010, the club was renamed to FC Dordoi Bishkek.

In 2017, Aleksandr Krestinin became the new club manager.

Honours
-------

Kyrgyzstan League (9)2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2014
Kyrgyzstan Cup (7)2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016
Super Cup (4)2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
AFC President's Cup (2)2006, 2007

Other websites
--------------

* Profile at sport.kg (1997–2001) Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine
* Profile at sport.kg (2002–2005) Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine
* FC Dordoi page at sport.kg Archived 2012-02-05 at the Wayback Machine
* Official website
Pha That Luang (Lao: ᝩᝦᝦᝮᝳᝠᝥ) (Romanization: Pa Tata Luanga) is a buddhist temple in Vientiane, Laos. It is the most popular Buddhist temple in Laos.

History
-------

Pha That Luang (Lao: ᝩᝦᝦᝮᝳᝠᝥ)
Buddhist missionaries from the Mauryan Empire are believed to have been sent by the Emperor Ashoka, including Bury Chan or Praya Chanthabury Pasithisak and five Arahata monks who brought a holy relic (believed to be the breastbone) of Lord Buddha to the stupa in the 3rd century BC. It was rebuilt in the 13th century as a Khmer temple which fell into ruin.

In the mid-16th century, King Setthathirat relocated his capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane and ordered the construction of Pha That Luang in 1566. It was rebuilt about 4 km from the centre of Vientiane at the end of Pha That Luang Road and named Pha That Luang. The bases had a length of 69 metres each and was 45 metres high, and was surrounded by 30 small Stupas.

In 1641, a Dutch envoy of the Dutch East India Company, Gerrit van Wuysthoff, visited Vientiane and was received by King Sourigna Vongsa at the temple, where he was, reportedly, received in a magnificent ceremony. He wrote that he was particularly impressed by the "enormous pyramid and the top was covered with gold leaf weighing about a thousand pounds".[4] However, the stupa was repeatedly plundered by the Burmese, Siamese and Chinese.

Pha That Luang was destroyed by the Thai invasion in 1828, which left it heavily damaged and abandoned. It was not until 1900 that the French restored to its original design based on the detailed drawings from 1867 by the French architect and explorer Louis Delaporte. However the first attempt to restore it was unsuccessful and it had to be redesigned and then reconstructed in the 1930s.[3] During the Franco-Thai War, Pha That Luang was heavily damaged during a Thai air raid. After the end of World War II, the Pha That Luang was reconstructed.

Architecture
------------

The architecture of the building includes many references to Lao culture and identity, and so has become a symbol of Lao nationalism.

The first level is 223 feet (67 metres) by 226 feet (68 metres); the second is 157 feet (47 metres) along each side; and the third level is 98 feet (29 metres) along each side. From ground to pinnacle, the Pha That Luang is 147.6 feet (44 metres) high. Only the pinnacle is covered in real gold, the remainder of the stupa is painted a gold color.

The area around Pha That Luang is now gated, to keep traffic out. Previously visitors could drive around the whole complex. The encircling walls are roughly 279 feet (85 metres) long on each side and contain a large number of Lao and Khmer sculptures including one of Jayavarman VII.

Gallery
-------

King Jayavarman VII of the Khmer empire

The naga of Pha That Luang

Pha That Luang

The stupa of Pha That Luang

The stupa of Pha That Luang (inside the temple)
Conception of Kepler-186f
**Kepler-186f** is a exoplanet that goes around the red dwarf star Kepler 186. It is over 580 light years away in the Cygnus constellation. Kepler-186f was discovered in 2014 by the Kepler spacecraft. It is in the habitable zone of its star, so liquid water may exist on its surface. It is known for being the first Earth-sized exoplanets in the habitable zone of a star.

Description
-----------

### Mass, size, temprature

Kepler-186f is thought to be 97% and 125% the size of Earth (1.11 ± 0.14 the size of Earth) While its mass is not know it is thought to be up to 1.4 times Earth's. The true mass depends on what the planet is made of. If the planet has no atmosphere, then its temprature would be around 182 Kelvin (-91 Celsius).

### Earth Similarity Index

Kepler-186f's ESI is thought to be around 0.58.

### Habitability

Kepler-186f is in the habitable zone of Kepler-186, so liquid water may be on its surface. However, just because a planet is in the habitable zone, dos not mean it is habitable. The find is still thought to be important, however, since it has a size similar to Earth's. It only receives one third of the sunlight Earth gets, hence its temperature is thought to be -91 Celsius. However, a greenhouse effect can help heat the surface up, and make it warmer.

A review from 2015 said that Kepler-186f, Kepler-442b, and Kepler-62f, are thought to be the best candidates for habitability.

Other websites
--------------

*
Alexandre Guilmant playing the organ, 1898
**Alexandre Guilmant** (born Boulogne-sur-Mer, 12 March 1837; died Meudon 29 March 1911) was a French organist and composer.

Life
----

### Early life and career

Alexandre Guilmant was born in Boulogne-sur-Mer. His father was an organist and organ builder, and gave young Alexandre lessons. Otherwise Alexandre was largely self-taught. He did study with Belgian teacher Jacques-Nicolas Lemmens, but by that time he was already a very good organist. From the 1860s he travelled widely in Europe, playing organs and becoming famous. Later he also visited the United States. In 1871 he became organist of the Trinité church in Paris. He kept this job until 1901.

### His teaching

Guilmant became well known in France as a teacher. Together with two other musicians, Charles Bordes and Vincent d’Indy, he started the Schola Cantorum, a private college where students could study music. He taught the organ there. Earlier he had succeeded Charles-Marie Widor as organ teacher at the Paris Conservatoire. His Conservatoire pupils included Joseph Bonnet, Nadia Boulanger and Marcel Dupré.

### Influence as organist

Guilmant did not just play the organ for church services. He became very famous for giving organ recitals. Often he played on organs which had been constructed by the brilliant organ builder Aristide Cavaillé-Coll. He helped to make these organs popular in France, and they were a very important influence on the way that organists composed music for their instrument.

Both Guilmant and Widor produced large works for the organ which they called "symphonies". These usually had at least four movements each, and gave the player opportunities to use many different sound effects.

### His compositions

Guilmant wrote eight organ symphonies, as well as a symphony for organ and orchestra, and several shorter works for the same combination. He composed a great many miniatures, not just for organ but also for harmonium. This was useful for musicians in smaller churches which had a harmonium instead of a big organ. He wrote a book on how to play the organ, and for many years he edited collections of organ music which had been written by earlier composers.
**Penguins** are a type of biscuit that is made in Scotland. They are a bar shaped biscuits that are covered in milk chocolate. The biscuits are filled with chocolate cream. Pladis' manufacturing division McVitie's makes them at their factory in Stockport.

History
-------

They were first made in 1932 by William McDonald, a biscuit manufacturer in Glasgow. They became a brand of McVitie's when McDonald joined with McVitie's and Price, MacFarlane Lang & Co and Crawford to create United Biscuits in 1948. Each wrapper has a joke or "funny fact" printed on it and designs that feature penguins that are often in styles like that of famous works of art. These designs are usually funny.

In the 1980s, Penguin became known for their television advertising slogan "P...P...P...Pick up a penguin!"

In October 1996, United Biscuits sued Asda because they said Asda said their own brand of "Puffin" biscuits were part of the Penguin brand. In March 1997, United Biscuits won the case. The court found out Asda had not broken any laws on how the Penguin brand could be used.

United Biscuits was criticised for still using trans fatty acids in the cream filling of Penguins. By December 2007, United Biscuits began to publicly say trans fats are not in Penguins anymore.

The Tim Tam made by Arnott's in Australia was based on the Penguin. Occasional references in the media include tongue-in-cheek debates over which biscuit is better.

Types
-----

There are currently three versions of the biscuit:

* Chocolate
* Orange
* Mint

Spin off brands
---------------

In 2002, McVitie's made some versions of the Penguin biscuit: Penguin Chukkas, Wing Dings, Flipper Dipper, Splatz and Mini Splatz. There is a £5 million promotional campaign for the biscuits. In 2008, McVitie's also made Penguin triple chocolate wafers.

Other websites
--------------

* Official website
* "Picnics past" - *Observer* story claiming the Penguin is the "towering treat of the Seventies"
* Penguin wrapper at the Candy Wrapper Museum
* McVitie's site Archived 2013-02-04 at the Wayback Machine
* United Biscuits page[*permanent dead link*]
* Penguin in the generic game, James Pond II
For other uses, see the rollercoaster and Goliath (Walibi Holland).

*David and Goliath*
**Goliath** (Hebrew: גָּלְיָת,) was a Philistine warrior in the Old Testament. He was the champion of the warriors of town of Gath. The name refers to Greek name Alyattes.

Goliath was unusually large. His height was said to be "six cubits and a span" - some 290 cm - and he fought as armoured charioteer. The Bible describes how he challenged the Israelite warriors for single-handed duel, but nobody dared to fight with him.

David, who was fourteen years old at this time, finally answered to challenge. He was skilled on use of sling, and he found out a way how he could win him. He accurately slung a stone on Goliath's forehead, just below his helmet. The stone knocked Goliath out. He then fell to the ground. David then ran to unconscious Goliath, pulled his sword off the scabbard, and cut his head off. Seeing a fourteen-year-old boy killing their champion, the Philistine army demoralized.

The Dead Sea Scrolls say Goliath's height was a more credible "four cubits and a span", in modern measurements 202 cm. At the era when man's average height was some 160 cm, he would still have looked like a giant.
A normal ECG
An **electrocardiogram** (**ECG** or **EKG**) is a record of the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time. The instrument that makes the record is the ECG machine or Electrocardiograph. Willem Einthoven invented it. It works by attaching electrodes to the outer surface of the skin. 

An electrocardiogram monitors the heart. Each beat of the heart is triggered by an electrical impulse, normally generated from special cells in the upper right chamber of the heart. An electrocardiogram records these electrical signals as they travel through the heart. Doctors can use an electrocardiogram to look for patterns among these heartbeats and rhythms to diagnose various heart conditions.

ECG is used to measure the rate and regularity of heartbeats, the size and position of the chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart, and the effects of drugs or devices used to regulate the heart, such as an artificial pacemaker.

An electrocardiogram is a painless test. The results of your electrocardiogram will likely be reported the same day it is done.
**James Gordon Meek** is a senior American journalist who worked for ABC News and won many awards, before he was arrested after the FBI searched his house and found hundreds of images of child pornography and evidence he was sexually abusing children, and spoke about having raped a young toddler girl and had a video of it. The media referred to other items on his computers and phones as showing "really disturbing images of child sex abuse". He was sentenced to 6 years in prison.

Meek was a drummer for a rock music band along with other journalists, and spent years working in amateur journalism and publishing an internet blog or webzine about politics, as he lived near Washington DC. He began working for the New York Daily News. He was invited by Peter King to become an expert for the House of Representatives, giving advice about preventing terrorism. He then joined ABC News as a senior producer.

A website named Dropbox noticed that Meek had uploaded five videos showing children being raped. They contacted police. Because Meek was a journalist, police had to be very careful not to do anything wrong that would make people believe they were bullying Meek for his work, which sometimes said bad things about the government. Searching through his computers and cellphones, police discovered hundreds of images - some that appear to be downloaded from the internet, and some which appear to be made by Meek himself - showing both violent rape and less violent sexual abuse of children of all ages.

The Court initially said Meek did not have to sit in prison while he waited for his trial and could be released on bail, but the government lawyers complained and the Court agreed to keep him in prison until his trial. The story was notable because other journalists knew that Meek had been arrested for child pornography, but they either did not write about the news or else wrote false stories that lied and made readers believe he had been arrested for being too good of a journalist. Many people believed this lie, and got angry with the Biden Administration saying they were being unfair to a journalist - so the government had to explain that he was believed to be raping children and sharing images and videos of it on the internet.
Marie Korsaga
**Marie Korsaga** is an astrophysicist from Burkina Faso. She is the first female Burkinabe astrophysicist. Korsaga studies dark matter. She also supports girls who are interested in science.

Early life
----------

Korsaga became interested in science when she learned about people traveling to the Moon. She was fascinated by shooting stars.  She was interested in many kinds of science. Korsaga did not see many women working in science. She saw very few African women working in science. She did see some female engineers. She planned to be a civil engineer.

Career
------

Korsaga attended Joseph Ki-Zerbo University in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. She studied mathematics and physics. She learned about new kinds of science. Astronomy was one of the sciences that she learned about.

She continued studying in France after she finished college. Korsaga want to the Astrophysics Laboratory of Marseille (LAM) in France. She earned a doctorate from LAM and the University of Cape Town in South Africa. She studied galaxies.

Korsaga works as a researcher at the Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg in France. She is also a teacher at the Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo in Burkina Faso. Korsaga has also spoken at the African Union. She was honoured by the city of Huesca, Spain in their sundial. Dr. Korsaga is a founding member, and sits on the editorial board, of "L’Astronomie Afrique". It is the first French language online astronomy magazine in Africa.

She won the African Network of Women in Astronomy award. The award is from the African Network of Women in Astronomy.

### Advocacy

Korsaga works to get more girls from Burkina Faso interested in science. She also works to make Burkina Faso stronger in research about space. She wants her country to be the first African country to launch satellites into space.
The **Aegean cat** (Greek: γάτα του Αιγαίου) is a breed of cat. It first lived on the Cyclades islands on the Aegean Sea. This is how it got its name. Because it was an island cat, it likes to play in water and to catch fish.

The Aegean now lives all over Greece and is a common domestic cat that lives in homes. But there are also many that are feral in Greece. This means they are not tame and they run wild. They hang around fishing ports begging for food. This breed is probably the only cat that began in Greece.

Appearance
----------

Young male Aegean house cat
Aegean cat fur is medium long. It gives good protection during bad winter weather. They have two or three colors. One of the colors is always white, with no yellow tone. Other colors can be black, red, blue, and cream. The fur may or may not have tabby stripes. These cats are strong with muscles and are medium-sized. The paws are medium in size and have a round shape. The eyes are always green and they have an almond shape.

Aegeans as pets
---------------

The Aegean cat has been tame for hundreds of years and has been living where people are. So it is a friendly and intelligent pet that likes attention. The Aegean can not only live in an apartment, but is also a good rodent catcher outside.

Other websites
--------------

* Short profile about the Aegean cat (in Greek)
**John Ball** (c. 1338 - 15 July 1381) was a Medieval Priest who clashed with the Archbishop of Canterbury after he started performing sermons against Work Service (Serfdom).

Ball was later freed by Wat Tyler and began to persuade peasants to join the Peasants Revolt. Ball was later killed after King Richard II after the Peasants Revolt was put to an end by the king.

Early life
----------

John Ball was the child of Joan and William Ball, in Peledon near Colchester. He was born in 1331. Ball was trained in York, and moved a lot over the country, living in Norwich, Colchester, and Kent. 

Ball was later imprisoned in Maidstone, Kent for his contradictory views on Christianity. He was then released, but continued to preach his radical ideas. This caused Ball to be released and imprisoned many a time. This cycle came to an end however, in 1381 when John was released from prison by former ex-soldier and leader of the Peasants revolt, Wat Tyler. This was a real turnaround for Ball, Tyler needed Ball to preach to the local Peasants, asking them to discontinue performing Work Service.

Links with the Peasants revolt
------------------------------

Now in Tyler's Peasant army, Ball began to march to London. There, London's gates were mysteriously opened and Tyler's army flooded in to the capital city. King Richard II, not wanting any trouble, decided to meet the Peasants at Mile End. There, the two forces began talks, surprisingly the King agreed to abolish Work Service, and accepted the other demands the army asked for. meanwhile, a rogue group of Peasants began to lay siege to the Tower of London, killing the Archbishop of Canterbury and many others. 

Knowing another talk would have to be held,John and Tyler decided to meet the king outside the city walls, there the Kings army murdered Tyler and forced the Peasants to flee. None of the Peasants demands were met and Ball, (along with many other rebels) was executed.
H. G. Wells in 1920.
**Herbert George Wells** (21 September 1866 – 13 August 1946) was an English writer. He was born in Bromley, Kent. He wrote about 50 books. He was one of the inventors of science fiction, and also wrote novels and utopias. He wrote books such as *The Invisible Man*, *The Time Machine*, *The Island of Dr. Moreau*, and *The War of the Worlds*. He also explained how the things he wrote about could actually happen. Some of his books have been made into movies. He had diabetes. He died in London.

Death
-----

Wells died on 13 August 1946, aged 79, at his home. On 16 August 1946, his body was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium.

Works
-----


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***H. G. Wells***.

Wikisource has original writing related to this article:
**H. G. Wells**

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: ***H. G. Wells***

### Biology

* *The science of life*. London: Cassell (1933). Co-writers: Julian Huxley and G.P, Wells.

### Science fiction

* *The Time Machine* (1895)
* *The Island of Doctor Moreau* (1896)
* *The Invisible Man* (1897)
* *The War of the Worlds* (1898)
* *The First Men in the Moon* (1901)

### Utopian books

* *A Modern Utopia* (1905)
* *New Worlds for Old* (1908)
* *The World Set Free* (1914)
* *The Shape of Things to Come* (1933)
* *Guide for the New World* (1941)
* *Mind at the End of its Tether* (1945)

### Novels

* *Love and Mr Lewisham* (1900)
* *Kipps* (1905)
* *Ann Veronica* (1909)
* *The History of Mr Polly* (1910)
**Matteo Messina Denaro** (26 April 1962 – 25 September 2023), also known as Diabolik, was a Sicilian Mafia boss. 

After the natural death of his father in November 1998, Matteo became capo mandamento of the area including Castelvetrano and the neighbouring cities, while Vincenzo Virga ruled in the city of Trapani and its surroundings. 

  

After bomb attacks that killed prosecutors Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, the arrest of Salvatore Riina on 15 January 1993 and the introduction of a strict prison regime (article 41-bis), Cosa Nostra embarked on a terrorist campaign in which Matteo Messina Denaro played a prominent role.

On 16 January 2023, Messina Denaro was arrested in Sicily by Italian police, after being a fugitive since 1993. His arrest came around 30 years after that of Riina, who was taken into custody on 15 January 1993, also in Palermo.

On 24 September 2023, Messina Denaro fell into an irreversible coma while being treated in L'Aquila, Italy. He died in the early morning on 25 September 2023 from colon cancer at age 61.
**Luna Shamsuddoha** (4 October – 17 February 2021) was a Bangladeshi Women Entrepreneur. She was the Chairman of the software firm Dohatec New Media, in Dhaka Bangladesh, which she founded in 1992. She was the first woman to head any state-owned bank in Bangladesh. She is the founder President of Bangladesh Women in Technology (BWIT). She has got ‘Bangladesh Business Award-2017’ for her exceptional contribution to the country’s economy and honored with `Annona Best 10 award' for her remarkable execution in local software industry as a women entrepreneur  She serves as board member of SME Foundation, Independent University Bangladesh (IUB), Director of state-owned Janata Bank Limited. She has joined as chairman of the state-owned Janata Bank Limited.

Early life and education
------------------------

Shamsuddoha was born to Lutfar Rahman and Hasina Rahman on 4 October in Dhaka. She got her Secondary School certificate from Viqarunnisa Noon School and College and Higher Secondary School certificate from Holy Cross College. She has a master's degree in International Relations (IR) from University of Dhaka.

Career
------

She began business in 1985 as the Managing Partner of The Executive Center. Prior to that, she functioned as English Language Teacher at British Council Language Resource Center and as Lecturer, English Language, Institute of Modern Languages, Dhaka University. Her company is an Independent Software Vendor (ISV) and System Integrator. Dohatec provides software solutions to institutions, government agencies and corporations in USA, Canada, Germany, Switzerland, and Bangladesh. Dohatec’s key clients are The World Bank, World Health Organisation, US Postal Service, Government of Bangladesh and Bangladesh Army.

Personal life
-------------

Shamsuddoha was married to A. K. M. Shamsuddoha, a businessman in Dhaka. The couple had a daughter Reem Shamsuddoha.

Shamsuddoha died on 17 February 2021 in Dhaka.

Awards
------

* Bangladesh Business Award, 2017
* Honorary Special Recognition Award by Global Women Inventors & Innovators Network (GWIIN), 2013
The Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for:

 ***buoyancy***.

A diagram showing how buoyancy works.
In physics, **buoyancy** (pronounced /ˈbɔɪ.ənsi/) is a force on an object making that object rise or move upward. It comes from the Spanish word for "float", *boyar*. Buoyancy is made by the difference in pressure put on the object by the Fluid or air that the object is in.

The net upward buoyancy force is equal to the magnitude of the weight of fluid that is displaced by the body. This force enables the object to float or at least to seem lighter. Buoyancy is important for many vehicles such as boats, ships, balloons, and blimps.

Density
-------

If the object has exactly the same density as the liquid, then its buoyancy is the same as its weight. It will not sink or float.

If the object has a higher average density than the liquid, then its buoyancy is less than its weight. It will sink. That is why pebbles do not float. 

If the object has a lower average density than the liquid, then its buoyancy is greater than its weight. That is why, although a ship may be made of steel which is more dense than water, it floats because it encloses a volume of air and the resulting shape has an average density less than that of the water.

Related pages
-------------

* Submarine
* Thrust

Other websites
--------------

* Falling in Water (Animation 1)
* Falling in Water (Animation 2)
* Falling in Water Archived 2015-02-26 at the Wayback Machine
**Tanganyika** is the mainland part of Tanzania. From 9 December 1961 to 26 April 1964 it was an independent state.

It was an East African territory lying between the Indian Ocean and the African Great Lakes: Lake Victoria, Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika.

Once part of the larger colony of German East Africa (German: *Deutsch-Ostafrika*), it comprised today's Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania, but not Zanzibar.

After World War I the parts that are today's Rwanda and Burundi became a League of Nations mandate governed by Belgium. The major part, however, came under British rule and was transferred to Britain under the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. This was confirmed by a League of Nations Mandate in 1922, later becoming a United Nations Trust Territory. Britain changed the name to the *Tanganyika Territory*.

On 9 December 1961 Tanganyika became independent as a Commonwealth Realm, and on 9 December 1962 it became the **Republic of Tanganyika** within the Commonwealth of Nations. In 1964, it joined with the islands of Zanzibar to form the **United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar**, later in the year changed to the *United Republic of Tanzania*.

Although Tanganyika still exists within Tanzania, the name is no longer used formally for the territory. It is, however, a convenient way to refer to the mainland, which is so different geographically and culturally from Zanzibar. The name *Tanganyika* is also used to refer to Lake Tanganyika.
**Sapporo Municipal *FukuiGakuen*** is a *Gimukyouikugakkou* (integrated elementary and junior high school) located in Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Japan. 

It is the only school in Sapporo with special certification and the only school in Sapporo with special certification for compulsory education.

On April 1, 2023, **Sapporo Municipal *Fukui* Elementary School and *Fukui* Junior High School** were closed, and the school opened its doors with the school building intact.

The rooftop observatory was installed in 1985, and in 2008, ***Nishioka* Observatory** donated a 35cm reflector telescope. Observation sessions are still held several times a year.

The name **Fukui** is derived from the name of a school, and is due to **emigration**(ja:移住) from ***Fukuoka*** (ja:福岡).

Educational goals
-----------------

Nurturing children who love nature, accept each other, and open up the future

(Japanese: 自然を愛し 互いを認め合い 未来を切り拓く 児童生徒の育成)

**Aimed Image of Students**

**Fukuism** -BE independent, BE compassionate, BE outgoing-

Student council activities
--------------------------

The chairperson of each committee, the student body president, the student body vice president, and the student body secretary belong to the executive committee and execute their respective duties.

Student council

* Library and Culture Committee
* Health and Physical Education Committee
* Life Committee
* Broadcasting Committee

History
-------

* 1884 - Terakoya education by Fukuoka clan members begins[5].
* 1893 - Fukui branch of the Shinoro Educational Institute opened.
* 1900 - Sapporo County Public Fukui Elementary School opened[9].
* 1914 - Due to the Ishikari River flood control construction, the school building was moved to its current location.
* 1945 - Sapporo Municipal Fukui Junior High School opened[9].
* 1985 - An observatory was installed on the roof.
* 2023 - Sapporo Municipal Compulsory Education School Fukui Gakuen opened.

Access
------

* 5 min. walk from Chuo Bus East 69 Fukui Gakuen.
* 50 min. walk from Aoisato Kyoiku Daigaku (JR Gakuentoshi Line)

Gallery
-------

* VestibuleVestibule
* Library RoomLibrary Room
* HallHall
* North Side StairsNorth Side Stairs
* Work SpaceWork Space
* Active Learning RoomActive Learning Room
* DJ BoothDJ Booth
Launched by the King Faisal Foundation and granted for the first time in 1979, the **King Faisal Prize** recognizes the outstanding works of individuals and institutions in five major categories: Service to Islam, Islamic Studies, Arabic Language and Literature, Medicine, and Science. It's the most prestigious Award of the Muslim World. 

It's aim is to benefit Muslims in their present and future, inspire them to participate in all aspects of civilization, as well as enrich human knowledge and develop mankind. KFP winners are evaluated only based on merit and their works are meticulously examined by specialized selection committees. The strict selection procedure meets international standards, and many of the laureates who have been awarded the prize went on to receive other prestigious prizes.

Other websites
--------------

* Official Website of King Faisal Prize
* Complete List of All-time Winners of King Faisal Award
* PDF: Official Archive of all-time winners Archived 2012-04-06 at the Wayback Machine
* King Faisal Awards 2014
* Rays of Light and Brightness: The King Faisal International Prize by Peter Harrigan, Saudi Aramco World Magazine, Sep/Oct 2000, Vol 51, Nmbr 5 Archived 2015-08-23 at the Wayback Machine
Lines painted on a road
**June Hill Robertson McCarroll** (June 30 1867—March 30 1954) was a nurse (later a physician) with the Southern Pacific Railroad in the early twentieth century. She has been credited by Caltrans with the idea of using a painted line to separate lanes of traffic on a highway. This is now in use all over the world.

McCarroll was born and raised in the Adirondacks. She attended a medical college in Chicago. She moved to Southern California in 1904 with her first husband, John Robertson. They had hoped that the desert climate would help him with his tuberculosis, but Robertson died in 1914. She later married Frank McCarroll, the local station manager for the Southern Pacific Railroad. From 1907 to 1916, she was the only physician regularly practicing in the vast desert between the Salton Sea and Palm Springs. She was also the only physician serving the area's five Indian reservations for the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

In the fall of 1917, McCarroll was driving on the road leading to her office near Indio, California on a stretch of highway that would later become part of U.S. Route 99. Today, that part of the highway is part of Indio Boulevard. She was literally run off the road by a truck, as she recalled many years later: 

My Model T Ford and I found ourselves face to face with a truck on the paved highway. It did not take me long to choose between a sandy berth [sic] to the right and a ten-ton truck to the left! Then I had my idea of a white line painted down the center of the highways of the country as a safety measure.
McCarroll soon told her idea to the local chamber of commerce and the Riverside County Board of Supervisors, but no one listened. Finally, she took it upon herself to hand-paint a white stripe down the middle of the road. This would later help drivers since they could now easily see the actual width of the lane and keep accidents like Nurse McCarroll's from happening again. Through the Indio Women's Club and many similar women's groups, Nurse McCarroll launched a statewide letter writing campaign to tell of her proposal. In November 1924, the idea was adopted by the California Highway Commission and 3,500 miles of lines were painted at a cost of $163,000. It would not be long before the idea was adopted worldwide.

A memorial plaque to Dr. McCarroll may be found at the intersection of Indio Boulevard and Flower Street in Indio, California. On April 24, 2002, to honor her contribution to road safety, the State of California named the stretch of Interstate 10 near Indio east of the Indio Boulevard/Jefferson Street exit as "The Doctor June McCarroll Memorial Freeway." To find the plaque with a GPS system, the coordinates are 33º43.260 N, 116º13.040 W.

Other websites
--------------

* Doctor June Hill Robertson McCarroll biography Archived 2006-02-28 at the Wayback Machine