recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Abbey of Monte Cassino, a famous monastery and the mother house of the Order of Saint Benedict.
The Syrian-orthodox monastery Mor Gabriel, founded in 397.
Asta Nørregaard: *Christmas Night Mass celebrated in a French Nunnery* (1889)
**Monasteries** are places where monks live. Although the word "monastery" is sometimes used for a place where nuns live, nuns usually live in a **convent** or **nunnery**. The word **abbey** (from the Syriac/Aramaic word **abba**: *father*) is also used for a Christian monastery or convent. The monk in charge of an abbey is called an **abbot**; the nun in charge of an abbey is an **abbess**.

Several religions have a system of monasteries. Christian monasteries have a chapel for the monks to worship. Monks are not allowed to marry (celibacy). They are also not allowed to own anything. Everything they use, including their clothes, belongs to the monastery. During the Middle Ages after the Roman Empire was defeated, monasteries were some of the few places where knowledge still existed.

Some monasteries were built in places far away from where other people lived. The monks who live there live very isolated lives, growing their own food and looking after one another. Other monasteries were in or near towns. Monks do a lot of work in the community, including as teaching, medical care or telling people about God. Few monks live isolated lives nowadays.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Monasteries at Wikimedia Commons
Joseph Bazalgette in the 1870s
**Sir Joseph William Bazalgette**, CB (/ˈbæzəldʒɛt/; 28 March 1819 – 15 March 1891) was a 19th-century English civil engineer. He invented the system for cleaning drinking water so as to eliminate cholera.

As chief engineer of London's Metropolitan Board of Works his work was in response to the Great Stink of 1858. He invented the system for cleaning sewage which is basically the same as used today. It stopped the city from having cholera epidemics, and also reduced typhus and typhoid. Until then, cholera had been endemic in all large cities throughout the world, beginning in Roman times. 

Bazalgette's plan was for new, closed sewers to pump the waste away from the city. Bazalgette took the polluted water though sewage treatment plants, after which the clean water was returned to the Thames.

Victorian London became one of the few large cities in the world to be free of epidemics carried by the water supply. The British later built the water and sewage systems in many other countries, especially those in, or connected with, the British Empire (Cairo, Khartoum, New Delhi and so on). The growth in population has made the water unsafe again in many places, but round about 1900 a clean water supply was available in many parts of the world. All this was a consequence of Snow's work, and Bazalgette's engineering.

Cholera has returned in modern times. Cities have outgrown the sewage systems built in the late 19th century. Governments have spent money on armaments rather than engineering. Uncontrolled population growth has meant the return of cholera to a world where it was once eliminated.

Bazalgette was also the designer of the Hammersmith Bridge.

Other works
-----------

* Albert Embankment (1869)
* Victoria Embankment (1870)
* Chelsea Embankment (1874)
* Maidstone Bridge (1879)
* Albert Bridge (1884; modifications)
* Putney Bridge (1886)
* Hammersmith Bridge (1887)
* The Woolwich Free Ferry (1889)
* Battersea Bridge (1890)
* Charing Cross Road
* Garrick Street
* Northumberland Avenue
* Shaftesbury Avenue
* Early plans for the Blackwall Tunnel (1897)
* Proposal for what later became Tower Bridge
A **unicorn** is a  legendary and mythical creature. It looks like a pony with one long, single and white horn on its head. The word *unicorn* means "one-horned". It comes from the Latin word *ūnus*, which means *one*, and *cornu* which means *horn*, which term is in itself borrowed from the earlier Greek word *monokerōs* (also 'one horned').

Unicorns are found in many stories and myths from different parts of the world, especially China and India. Its blood and horn usually have mystical powers. In Western culture, its horn is said to have power (often called *alicorn* in medieval literature) to heal wounds and sickness, and to neutralize poison.

In mythology and heraldry unicorn symbolizes innocence, purity and feminine power. It is often seen as the counterpart of lion, which symbolizes the masculine virtues.

The unicorn is the official animal of Scotland.

In some pictures unicorns also have horses feet or a lion's tail. 

A Narwhal is an animal that is about 8 feet long. They live in the water around Canada and Greenland. Narwhal’s horns were said to be the horns of unicorns by some. People would sell the horn of a narwhal to others and say it was a horn of a unicorn.
Christian legends say the Unicorn is as small as a normal sized goat. They are so fearful that no hunter can catch them. Only a maiden that goes into the forest alone can catch a unicorn. The unicorn will come and fall asleep in the maiden’s lap. Around the time of the Middle Ages, some stories of unicorns became more popular. People bought what were said to be the horns of a unicorn at very high prices. They were mostly a tusk of a walrus or a horn from a narwhal. 

Narwhal tusks were bought and sold as unicorn horns in the past
The term unicorn is also used in business to refer to a business startup valued at a billion dollars or more.

Real animals
------------

* Male narwhal (Arctic Ocean)Male narwhal (Arctic Ocean)
* Walruses with tusks (Arctic Ocean)Walruses with tusks (Arctic Ocean)
* Indian rhinoceros (Indian subcontinent)Indian rhinoceros (Indian subcontinent)
* Indian rhinoceros (Indian subcontinent)Indian rhinoceros (Indian subcontinent)
* White rhinoceros (Sub-Saharan Africa)White rhinoceros (Sub-Saharan Africa)
* Scimitar oryxes (North Africa)Scimitar oryxes (North Africa)
* Scimitar oryx with one hornScimitar oryx with one horn
* Gemsbok (Sub-Saharan Africa)Gemsbok (Sub-Saharan Africa)

Unicorns in history
-------------------

In *On the Nature of Animals* (*Περὶ Ζῴων Ἰδιότητος*, *De natura animalium*), Aelian, quoting Ctesias, adds that India has also a one-horned horse (iii. 41; iv. 52), and says (xvi. 20) that the *monoceros* (Greek: μονόκερως) was sometimes called *cartazonos* (Greek: καρτάζωνος), which may be a kind of the Arabic *karkadann*, meaning "rhinoceros".

Sources
-------

* Lindahl, Carl. "Unicorn." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2012. Web. 29 Nov. 2012.
* SuperScience: Mythical Creatures Revealed. Scholastic, May 2006. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. < Archived 2010-03-07 at the Wayback Machine>.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Unicorns***.
A Canadian moose in its natural habitat
A **habitat** is the area in which an organism lives. It is a summary term for all the resources, physical and living which are present in an area. It is the natural environment in which an organism lives, and the physical environment which surrounds a population.

Animal habitats
---------------

Most animals live in one type of environment because they are best suited to it. We say they are 'adapted to this environment'. For example, animals such as frogs, newts, and ducks have webbed feet to help them swim in the water. There are many different types of habitats and many kinds of adaptations to each habitat.

If the habitat changes, it may no longer be suitable for the animals and plants that live there. Climate change is making some habitats warmer, and so many animal species are moving to cooler areas. However some species are not able to move and the populations are getting smaller. Scientists think that 10% of species may become extinct because of these changes. Other habitats have been cleared to make them into farm land. In Australia for example, 80% of the eucalypt forests have been cleared for farming over the last 210 years. This is threatening the survival of forest animals such as the koala.

Plant habitats
--------------

Just as animals adapt to the places they live, so do plants. Plants are adapted to a wide variety of habitats. As a result, each plant has certain characteristics. Some are adapted to living on land while others live in water. Plants that grow on land usually have stiff stems to hold them upright, while water plants tend to have less rigid stems because the water supports them.

Plants that live in dry climates like the desert have few or no leaves. Many, such as cacti, store water when rain occurs. Their adaptations save water. Plants that grow in shaded areas have large leaves to capture as much sunlight as possible, or they climb towards the light.

Related pages
-------------

* Biome
* Ecological niche
* Range (biology)
**Traylor Elizabeth Howard** (born June 14, 1966) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in the TV shows *Monk* and *Two Guys and a Girl*. She also appeared in a Foo Fighters music video.

Career
------

Howard was born in Orlando, Florida. She started out doing commercials. Howard has a degree in communications and advertising from Florida State University. Before landing her first role in NBC's *Boston Common* she had already appeared in over 30 commercials. She appeared in *Two Guys and a Girl* on ABC and *Bram & Alice* on CBS. Her most famous role is probably as "Natalie Teeger" in USA network's TV series *Monk*.

Personal life
-------------

Howard has been married three times. Her first marriage was with Cameron Hall from 1991 to 1993. She was also married to Christian Navarro. On November 24, 2006, Howard gave birth to Sabu Howard. She then married her longtime friend Jarel Portman in 2011. She gave birth again in 2012 to Julien Howard. She lives in Los Angeles, California.
The **Lion of Al-lāt** (Arabic أسد اللات) is an old statue. It is a decoration of the Temple of Al-Lat in Palmyra, Syria. On 27 June 2015, it was badly damaged by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). The damage took place after the ISIL had captured Palmyra. The statue was kept at the National Museum of Damascus for repairing. Presently, it is standing again.

Description
-----------

The statue of the lion is shown as holding a gazelle. It was made from limestone ashlars in the early first century A.D. It measured 3.5 m (11 ft) in height. It weights 15 tonnes. The lion was regarded as the husband of goddess Al-lāt. The gazelle depicts Al-lāt's tender and loving traits. Bloodshed was not allowed under punishment of Al-lāt's revenge. The lion's left paw had a partially damaged Palmyrene inscription. The inscription (PAT 1122) reads like this: *tbrk ʾ*[*lt*] (Al-lāt will bless) *mn dy lʾyšd* (whoever will not shed) *dm ʿl ḥgbʾ* (blood in the sanctuary).

History
-------

The statue before 2005 restoration.
In 1977, the statue was discovered by some Polish archeologists from the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology of the University of Warsaw (PCMA UW). They were working under Prof. Michał Gawlikowski. The PCMA UW logo design was based on the lion of Al-lāt. The statue was
found in pieces. It had been reused in old times for the temple's foundation. Later, the pieces were collected in front of the gate of the Palmyra Museum. The work was done by restorer Józef Gazy. In 2005, it was restored to prevent problems from collection. Finally, the piece was restored. It was made like its original looks – a relief art jumping out from a wall. During the Syrian Civil War, the statue was covered with a metal plate and sandbags. It is to protect the statue from destruction.

On 27 June 2015, it was badly damaged by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. It was after they had captured Palmyra. After the freedom of Palmyra by the Syrian army, Maamoun Abdulkarim announced that the pieces were still in place. Further, he said that it was possible to put them back together. He was giving hopes for reconstruction. The statue was moved to Damascus in 2016. There, it was completely restored. On 1 October 2017, it was fully restored. Presently, it is placed in the National Museum of Damascus. This is for its safety. Later, it will be moved to Palmyra again.
**Zbečník** is a village in north-eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic. It is approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the border with Poland. It is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long and is part of the town of Hronov. The oldest known written evidence of Zbečník dates to the 15th century. It mentions a fortress of Quicken on a hill above Zbečník.

Zbečník square.

Geography
---------

Zbečník is along the main road through the Zbečník stream valley. It is next to the town of Hronov, to the east. The stream flows through the village and joins the river Metuje at Hronov. To the north of the village is a mountain called Maternice. It rises 567 metres (1,860 ft) above sea level. On this mountain is a source of drinking water called Skalákova studánka. In the early 19th century there were attempts to mine coal on Maternice mountain. Because of the poor quality of the coal all mining was discontinued.

### Climate

As Zbečník is in a valley. It experiences greater climatic extremes than nearby towns and villages. It is prone to colder winter temperatures, dropping to −20 °C (−4 °F) to −30 °C (−22 °F) and hottest summer days up to 30 °C (86 °F) to 35 °C (95 °F).

Other websites
--------------

* Zbečník on Czech Wikipedia
* Official website of Zbečník
* Website
**The No More Movement** is a global movement of Ethiopians advocating the stop of foreign interference inside of Ethiopia. The motto of the group is "Hands of Ethiopia." The movement has no central authority but has organization supporting and organizing rallies for the movement throughout countries as the United States, and Europe.

Protests
--------

The No More movement had protests as notable places as the White House, the Canadian Parliament, and other high foreign government officials' offices. 

### America

Protests in America and specifically in Washington D.C were organized by the Peace and Unity for Ethiopian Association Washington Task Force. The protests occurred in The Washington D.C. metropolitan area, which boasts the largest population of Ethiopians in the United States. Some local experts estimate there are as many as 250,000 Ethiopian Americans here, including both immigrants and US-born descendants. Now, as fighting in Ethiopia intensifies, protesters both for and against the country's government are taking to the streets of Washington. The protests in Washington D.C and the rest of America emphasized that the U.S should have "Hands Off Ethiopia." The protest in Washington by Ethiopians had a message that the designated terrorist TPLF group should be denounced by foreign governments and not be helped in any shape or way. 

#### Canada

Ethiopian people living in Canda had also demonstrated in the northmost region of North America. They participated in protesting on the grounds of Manitoba's legislative grounds on Sunday carrying Ethiopian flags and signs that said "No More." The protests also carried out to protest outside the U.S consulate in Calgary, Canada. Protests also carried out through Toronto and other parts of the country.

Support by Ethiopian Government
-------------------------------

The movement was supported by the Ethiopian government and allowed huge contributors to the movement to be greeted and welcomed by officials at Bole International Airport.
***Pyramid*** is a game show which was shown on television. Many different versions of the show have been made. The current show is on GSN. on 1973 Present Until 1989 on ABC Game Show Network CBS Call NBC on New 2012 or 2016 in Match Game Wheel of Fortune & Jeopardy Game Show Network GSN (1994 Present) in 2001

History
-------

### *$10,000 Pyramid*

The first version of the game was called the *$10,000 Pyramid*. It was hosted by Dick Clark. The game show offered the largest prize on television at the time.

### Other versions

The show ran for other versions. Some versions offered $25,000 as the prize. Others offered $100,000 as the prize.

### *The Pyramid*

In 2012, GSN premiered a new version called *The Pyramid*. The show is based on the format of the old ones. This version premiered on September 3, 2012. It is hosted by Mike Richards. In this version, getting all 7 words right won the contestant $500, and the amount they would play for in the Winner's Circle went up by $5,000.

Gameplay
--------

There are two halves of the game. The first and second halves are almost equal. In the first half, normal people team with famous people. One of the teams will try to describe a word to the other. There are seven words in each round. There are six total rounds in the first half. At the end of the half the team with the most points moves on. They go to the "Winner's Circle". In the Winner's Circle, one player will use short phrases to tell the other a category. There are six categories for the Winner's Circle. If the team guesses all six correct in one minute they win the prize money. For the second half the players switch famous people. The gameplay is the same in the second half.

### Bonus cards

There have been many bonuses offered on the show. Some of the bonus cards are:

* 7/11: This was hidden under one of the first round subjects. The player would get $1,100 if they answered all 7 right in time.
* Mystery 7: The player would get a surprise if they guessed all 7 words right in time. Prizes included trips, computers, and other items.
**Kim Hamrock** (Born 1960) is an American surfer. She was awarded the "2005 Woman of the Year" by the Surfing Walk of Fame. Hamrock has won many US surfing competitions. She won the national Longboard Championship. She wrote the book "My Grandma Surfs Better than You". The book was published in 2017. Hamrock is nicknamed "Danger Woman" because she does not let male surfers bully her. She also teaches surfing.

Early life
----------

Hamrock grew up in La Habra Heights. She lived twenty miles from the coast. Hamrock was six years old the first time she saw someone surfing. The surfer was on television. She liked surfing from seeing it on television. At age 13 she went to Hawaii with her grandmother. She surfed for the first time.

Career
------

Hamrock went to school at La Serna High in Whittier, CA. She did not live near the ocean. At age 16 she was able to drive a car. Then, she could drive to the ocean to surf. She would surf even though men thought girls should not surf. She would also get car rides to the ocean from Marty Hamrock. She married Marty Hamrock in 1979. She had children and did not surf very much. 

Hamrock became serious about surfing in 1990. She began winning competitions.

### Awards

During the mid-1990’s Hamrock won six national U.S. awards. She won four shortboards awards 1993-96 and two longboard awards in 1995-96. Hamrock began surfing professionally in 1998. She placed third in the Women’s Longboard World Championship in 1999. She placed fifth in 2000 and won the Women’s Longboard World Champion in 2002. In 2005 she was runner-up at the XXL Big Wave Awards.
The first known settlement in Estonia of hunters and fishermen is the Bull settlement by the Pärnu river about 11,000 years ago.

During the Bronze Age there were larger permanent settlements, some with fortifications and there was local metal working. Long distance trade by sea was happening by the second half of the 1st millennium.

Northern Estonia belonged to Denmark in the 14th century. The cities belonged to the Hanseatic League. Richer people spoke Low German, but people in the country spoke Estonian.

Wars swept over the country at the end of the Middle Ages:

* Livonian War (1558–1583)
* Swedish-Polish Wars (1600–1629)
* Russo-Swedish War (1656–1661)
* Northern War (1700–1721)

From 1720 to 1917 Estonia was part of the Russian Empire, but it was mostly run by Baltic Germans. They owned most of the land and businesses, controlled the serfs, and dominated all the cities.

There was a brief independence in 1917 after the start of the Russian revolution. In 1918 the Red Army invaded. The Estonian War of Independence was ended in February 1920. The Treaty of Tartu was signed by the Republic of Estonia and the Russian SFSR.

| * v
* t
* e
History of Europe by country |
| --- |
| Sovereign states | 
* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Georgia
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Italy
* Kazakhstan
* Latvia
* Liechtenstein
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

 |
| States with limitedrecognition | 
* Abkhazia
* Artsakh
* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus
* South Ossetia
* Transnistria

 |
| Dependencies andother entities | 
* Åland
* Faroe Islands
* Gibraltar
* Guernsey
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Svalbard

 |
The **Indian Pariah Dog**, also known as the **Indian Native Dog** or **South Asian Pye dog** and **Desi Dog** is a landrace of dog native to the Indian subcontinent.

Names
-----

Indian pye-dogs have been used as Guard dogs for centuries.
The namesake of this breed was given during the British Raj in India after the Pariah tribe of the Madras Presidency. From the Anglo-Indian word *pye* or *paë* and Hindi *pāhī* meaning 'outsider', the Indian pariah dog is sometimes referred to as the pye-dog (also spelt *pie* or *pi*) and the Indian native dog. It is popularly known as **Desi Kutta** or **Desi Dog** (which derives from the Urdu word *desi*, meaning *native*), as well as the Indi-dog or In-dog (in various spellings). It was referred to in the works of Rudyard Kipling as the "yellow pariah dog".

History
-------

A pet Indian pariah dog in Raigarh.
The pariah dog of India is an ancient autochthonous landrace that is found all over India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka and even beyond South Asia. A pariah-like dog skull was discovered in the ancient Indian site of Mohenjo-daro and prehistoric rock art depicting a dog of similar type has been found in the Bhimbetka rock shelters. It was featured on National Geographic Channel's film, *Search for the First Dog* along with the other ancient types such as the Canaan Dog of Israel and the Australian dingo.

Indian Pariah dogs make for loving family pets and are great with kids and adults. They are high on energy and complement kids with an active lifestyle. Indian pariah dogs are one of the oldest dog breeds in existence today.
Archaeological findings indicate that this dog was in existence some 4500 years ago. Excavations in the Mohenjo-Daro site found in the Sindh region of Pakistan (Indus Valley civilisation) revealed an Indian Pariah dog skull dating to 2500 BCE. Also, there are various cave paintings across the Indian subcontinent that hints at pariah dogs to be one of the oldest dog breeds in the world.
The **Albanian National Archives** (Albanian: *Arkivi Qëndror i Shtetit or A.Q.SH*) is the official archives of the Republic of Albania. It maintains important papers about Albania. It is in the city of Tirana and has smaller archives around the country. It was started in 1949. It used to be ran by the Party of Labour of Albania, who ran the country. They were Communists. They stopped running the country in 2001 and the Swiss Federal Archives had to help the Albanian National Archives become up to date, because it's collections were damaged and the archives had no computers to help people find papers it has. By 2004, it's collections were fixed and it had computers and people could easily find what they were looking for. The archives had many very important historical documents, including the *Codex Beratinus*, *Codex Beratinus II*, and version of the New Testament called the *Elbasan Gospel Manuscript*. In 2011, the archives started working with the World Digital Library, who puts the archives photographs and books on their website so more people can see them.

Other websites
--------------

* Official website Archived 2019-06-06 at the Wayback Machine
This article is about the food. For the song, see Sukiyaki (song).
Sukiyaki
**Sukiyaki** is a very popular one-pot meal in Japan. The main ingredient (or stuff) is thin sliced beef, and it is simmered in a skillet or pan in the sukiyaki sauce with many vegetables and other ingredients. The word "yaki" means "sautee" or "grill" in Japanese. The word is used because the beef in sukiyaki is sauteed in the hot skillet.

History
-------

In Japan, because of religious beliefs people were forbidden to eat beef, venison, horse, mutton and other meat from Asuka era to Meizi era. issue of religion. Cattle and horse were also work animals, therefore if people eat cattle and horse meat, people were punished. This custom was publicly decided by the then emperor on April 1, 675. But it is said that the real intention of this custom was to raise cultivation of rice product. This is a commandment (or rule) of Buddhism. But difficulty in making a living meant that people secretly ate boar and venison meat. Over time people ate beef secretly. 

The first sukiyaki store opened in Kyoto at the last days of the Tokugawa Shogunate. The Meiji emperor ate beef. He liked taste of sukiyaki. After that, the emperor lifted the ban on eating beef. People were allowed to eat beef publicly. In the west it is called "Sukiyaki", in the east it is called "Gyunabe". It is popular all over Japan. Sukiyaki’s contents do not change now. It is thinly sliced beef cooked in an iron pot, with bean curd, sliced onion, mushroom and other kinds of seasoning. Then the beef and vegetables are picked directly from the pan by chopstick and eaten by dipping them into a small bowl containing raw egg. Sukiyaki became symbol of cultural enlightenment.

Preparation
-----------

Each Japanese region has a preferred way of cooking sukiyaki. Japan can be divided into two regions. The big variation is between *Kansai* (western Japan) and *Kanto* (eastern Japan). In the Kanto (Tokyo) region, sukiyaki is based on *Gyunabe* that was in fashion in *Meiji* period. Before cooking sukiyaki, people prepare the soup stock mixing a seasonings (soy sauce, sugar, *sake* and *mirin*) together. They then stew beef in it.

In the *Kansai* region, people grill meat in the pan greased with lard. After that, they put the other ingredients over these, and the liquid is poured into the pan. They do not grill meat and the ingredients that make the meat tough, and they do not grill the meat and watery vegetables at a same time. This is the *Kansai* style of cooking sukiyaki.
The border between the styles of cooking sukiyaki is becoming unclear. Some people say that the border between eastern and western is in Aichi. But recently, ready-made stock, pre-mixed with seasoning used to flavor sukiyaki is sold all over Japan, so the border is no longer clear.

Other websites
--------------

* JAPAN MEAT INFORMATION SERVICE CENTER in English
* 財団法人 日本食肉消費総合センター Archived 2020-06-28 at the Wayback Machine in Japanese
**Beaumaris** (French: *beau marais*, Literal translation: *beautiful marsh*) is a small town on the island of Anglesey of the Menai Strait.

History
-------

The town itself began in 1295 when Edward I of England started to build Beaumaris Castle. This was one of several castle along the North Wales coast - others include Conwy, Caernarfon and Harlech. Many of the builders of the castle were from France.

The castle was built on a marsh by the village of Llanfaes. The French builders called the marsh *beaux marais* which means "beautiful marsh". This is how the town got its name. The people who lived village in Llanfaes were removed to a new village in the west of Anglesey to make way for the castle. This village was called Newborough and it still exists today.

Beaumaris in 1610.
Beaumaris Castle

Architecture
------------

Notable buildings in the town include the castle, a courthouse built in 1614, St Mary's parish church, and the town gaol.

Beaumaris has a pier which was opened in 1846. The pier was enlarged to 570 feet after storm damage in 1872. Beaumaris Pier is still a busy base for yachts and other boats.

Other websites
--------------


Wikisource has the text of the 1911 *Encyclopædia Britannica* article ****Article name needed****.

* Beaumaris Photo Gallery
* Beaumaris Official Website Archived 2006-02-05 at the Wayback Machine
* Beaumaris Gaol[*permanent dead link*]
* photos of Beaumaris and surrounding area on geograph
* Beaumaris Lifeboat station Archived 2021-01-28 at the Wayback Machine

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* VIAF
* WorldCat Identities

 |
| National | 
* Israel
* United States

 |
| Geographic | 
* MusicBrainz area

 |
**Kotli** (Urdu: ضلع کوٹلی) is one of the eight districts of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Kotli is the capital city of the district. Kotli used to be a small town between Mirpur and Muzaffarabad, but has recently grown in size.

Meaning of name
---------------

There are two theories about the origin of the name "Kotli". One is that in ancient times Prince Raja Shahswar Khan built a small house here and called it "Kot", which became "Kotli". Another theory is that the name is derived from the Sanskrit word Kotli which means to *reside* or to *live in*. At one time the area was inhabited by the Mangran and Solhan peoples, and was called Kotli Solwhan. The modern town of Kotli was built in the 14th century by Raja Agar Khan.

Administration
--------------

The district of Kotli used to be a sub-division of Mirpur District until 1975. Before 1947, it was a part of the Jammu area. The district is bounded by the Indian part of Kashmir in the east, and by Mirpur District in the south and Rawalakot to its north. The district is divided into three tehsils (sub-divisions)

* Kotli Tehsil
* Khuiratta Tehsil
* Fatehpur Tehsil
* Nakyal Tehsil
* Sehnsa Tehsil

The district covers a total area of 1862 square kilometres. Kotli is now the largest city by population, (656,000).

Before the division of Kashmir in 1947, Nakyal was part of Mehndar sub-division of Poonch.

| * v
* t
* e
Districts of Azad Kashmir |
| --- |
| Provincial capital: Muzaffarabad |
| Muzaffarabad | 
* Jhelum Valley
* Muzaffarabad
* Neelam Valley

 |  |
| Poonch | 
* Bagh
* Haveli
* Poonch
* Sudhanoti

 |
| Mirpur | 
* Bhimber
* Kotli
* Mirpur

 |
**Crime in Bangladesh** includes many different crimes. Some of these crimes are done by an individual and some crimes are organized by a group. Examples of crime are: drug trafficking, money laundering, extortion, murder for hire, fraud, human trafficking, robbery, corruption, black market, political violence, terrorism, abduction, etc.

Bangladesh is used to move narcotics made in neighboring countries. A 2007 report said that Bangladesh is now the main point for the movement and trafficking of heroin from Southeast Asia to the European market .

A total of 10,331 homicides were reported from 2001 to 2003. This is a large increase.

For the Asia Pacific region, Bangladesh is ranked as one of the main countries for software piracy. It is believed that software vendors lose around 102 million US dollars every year to this black market trade. There is no strict law to stop this practice.

In 2011 Bangladesh was ranked 120th for corruption in a list of 182 countries. This means there appears to be a high amount of corruption in the country.
An aerial view of Dunabogdány
Coat of arms
**Dunabogdány** is a village in Pest county, in Hungary.

Location
--------

Dunabodgány is located near the Dunakanyar, between Visegrád and Tahitótfalu.

### Connections

Road 11 is heading through the village, which connects the village with Esztergom and Budapest.

History
-------

The environment was inhabited in prehistoric times due to its natural endowments. In Roman times, the Roman limes passed through the settlement. In 430, the Huns invaded the entire Pannonia province. The Huns later used the camps of the Romans as fortifications, including *Cirpi*. Bogdány was a significant royal city in the XIV-XV. century; even the duty was exempted. The Turkish conquests did not spare Dunabogdány either: after the occupation of the Visegrád castle, the village fell into Turkish hands. The castle was abandoned by the Turks in 1686. In 1725, Danube Swabians were settled in the village, which tripled the population of the village.

Landmarks
---------

* Church of Donatus of Arezzo
* Millenium Memorial
* Roman Catholic Church
* Statue of John of Nepomuk
* Swabian deportation monument
Entrance from Solnavägen
The Berzelius laboratory, KI Solna
The university library and the Berzelius laboratory, KI Solna
The old yard, KI Solna
Original Caroline Institute buildings at street *Hantverkargatan* in Kungsholmen, Stockholm
**Karolinska Institutet** (in English **Karolinska Institute**), and before 1968, the **Royal Caroline Institute** is one of Europe's biggest medical universities.

It was started in 1810 on Kungsholmen island on the west side of Stockholm. It later moved to Solna, just outside Stockholm, and a second campus has been built in Flemingsberg/Huddinge, south of Stockholm.

A committee of the institute decides on the winners of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

The Karolinska University Hospital, in Solna and Huddinge, is the university's research and teaching hospital. It is one of Sweden's largest centres for training and research, with 30 percent of the medical training and 40 percent of the medical academic research. While most of the medical programs are taught in Swedish, most of the Ph.D. programs are taught in English.

The institute is a member of the League of European Research Universities. In the 2009 Academic Ranking of World Universities, the institute is the best university for medicine and pharmacy in Europe, 8th in the world. It is listed as the best university in Sweden.

History
-------

Karolinska Institutet was started between 1810 and 1811 to teach army surgeons. It was called the 'Medico-Chirurgiska Institutet'.

In 1817 the name 'Karolinska' was added as a reference to 'Karoliner' which was the name of soldiers under the Swedish king Karl XII. The full name became 'Kongl. Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet'.

In 1968 this name was changed to 'Karolinska Institutet'.

Other websites
--------------

* Karolinska Institutet - Official site
* KI Community Archived 2018-03-14 at the Wayback Machine - Interactive internal website for scientists at Karolinska Institutet

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* ISNI
* VIAF
	+ 2
* WorldCat Identities
	+ 2

 |
| National | 
* Spain
* France
* BnF data
* Catalonia
* Germany
* Israel
	+ 2
* United States
* Sweden
* Czech Republic
	+ 2

 |
| Artists | 
* KulturNav

 |
| People | 
* Trove

 |
| Other | 
* IdRef

 |
**Romaine Brooks** (born **Beatrice Romaine Goddard**; May 1, 1874 – December 7, 1970) was an American painter who often drew women in men’s clothing. She painted women from women's point of view, not from how men saw women. The Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington, D.C. has collected half of her paintings. Experts say she is as important as Virginia Woolf and Gertrude Stein to how we think about gender.

Childhood
---------

Brooks was born in Rome. Her parents were rich Americans. She had an unhappy childhood. Her mother took care of her sick brother, and often did not take care of Brooks. Her mother believed Brooks was possessed by demons. 

Her mother left Europe with her son, and a poor but kind laundry woman took care of Brooks. Her mother did not let her draw, but the laundry woman did. 

Her grandfather found her and sent her to school. Students and teachers found her drawings of ghosts and monsters scary.

Education
---------

When she was 14, she was sent to a school in Italy, where she was so unhappy she tried to kill herself. Her mother sent her to a school to learn manners in Switzerland, where she was very good at art and music. She became independent when she was 21. 

Brooks studied painting in Italy from 1896 to 1899. She then set up an art studio on the Island of Capri.  She learned more about art when she was 24 at the Scuola Nazionale, a school in Rome. Many students were mean to her there.  In 1900, she studied at the Académie Colarossi in Paris.

Relationships
-------------

Brooks did not want money from her mother, and wanted to be independent. She lost a lot of her money, so her sister Maya gave her some money. Brooks gave birth to her daughter in 1897, but gave her daughter to a school because she could not take care of her. She wanted to come back later for her baby.  After five years, the school told her the baby died 3 months after it was born. She had a short marriage with John Ellingham Brooks in 1902. She met Natalie Clifford Barney, who would be her lover for a long time.

Art and Works
-------------

Her art was shown in the Durand-Ruel Gallery in Paris, and she became an artist. Some of her famous paintings are Azalées Blanches (White Azaleas) and La France Croisée. Her art style is like James McNeil Whistler’s, whose art she liked. Her paintings were often grey, whiter and black, with a little bit of colors like red, umber or ochre. She did not do things other artists were doing, different from Pablo Picasso, another artist.  In 1930, Brooks wrote a book about herself called "No Pleasant Memories," but no one ever saw it. 

In 1915 Brooks had a fundraiser exhibit to raise money for the Red Cross. To thank her, the French government gave her the Cross of the Legion of Honor.

Notability
----------

Today, her art still has a result on others. She lived 100 years ago, but it is interesting to see how she showed things people did not talk about a lot in her paintings.
Standard World Time Zones map (as of August 2015)
**Time zones** give specific areas on the Earth a time of day that is earlier or later than the neighboring time zones. This is because when it is daytime on one side of the earth, it is night-time on the other side. There are 24 time zones dividing the earth into different times, each with its own name, like the North American Eastern Time Zone. The North American Eastern Time Zone contains large cities in North America like New York City and Miami.

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) began in 1675. This was when the Royal Observatory, Greenwich was built to help ships find their longitude at sea. GMT was a standard reference for time keeping when each city kept a different local time. When railways began carrying many people quickly among cities keeping different time, they adopted time zones to simplify operations. By about 1900, almost all time on earth was in the form of standard time zones. 

Greenwich Mean Time is now called UTC (Coordinated Universal Time). UTC is the time standard of the world. All other parts of the world are offset (plus or minus) according to their longitude. Most of the zones are offset by a full hour, but there are some offset by half an hour or 45 minutes.

In some parts of the world they follow the Daylight Saving Time (DST), and during this period of time in summer they add one hour to their normal solar hour.

In the poles, the time is UTC in the North Pole and UTC+12 in the South Pole.

The time zones are numbered in relation to the UTC, so in Los Angeles the time zone will be UTC−8, in London UTC+0, in Rome UTC+1, and in New Delhi UTC+5:30.
Infrastructure
**Infrastructure** is the term used to describe the facilities which support modern human life.

These are the main items: water supply, sewage plants, housing, roads, cable networks, food supply facilities, schools, hospitals, airports, community meeting places, business and government buildings, bridges, railways. In fact, everything that modern life needs in the way of built facilities.

Infrastructure is closely connected with standard of living and overpopulation. More people will want more roads, water pipes and other infrastructure. Poor countries tend to have fast population growth and cannot provide the needed infrastructure. Standard of living drops and this may lead to other problems like worsening health, exposure to plague and difficult access of emergency units to those that need it.

| * v
* t
* e
Civil engineering |
| --- |
| American Society of Civil Engineers **·**  Bicycle path **·**  Building **·**  Bridge **·**  Construction **·**  Dam **·**  Earthquake engineering **·**  Explosion protection **·**  Foundation **·**  Highway **·**  Infrastructure **·**  Roads **·**  Structural engineering **·**  Tunnel |  |
**Bagh District** (Urdu: ضلع باغ) is one of the eight districts of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. The district, which had been part of Poonch District, was created in 1988. The district is bordered by Muzaffarabad District to the north, by Punjab in the east. It also borders the divided district of Poonch, to the south is the Poonch District of Azad Kashmir and to the east is the Poonch District of India's Jammu and Kashmir state. The total area of the district is 1,368 square kilometers. Bagh District is linked to Muzaffarabad by two roads, one via Sudhan Gali (80 km) and the other through Kohala (97 km). It is 46 km from Rawalakot. The district is well known for its confectionery and bakery products.

People
------

The total population of the district according to the 1998 census was 395,000 which is estimated to have increased to 434,000 in 2003, with an annual growth rate of 2%.

Administration
--------------

The district is divided into 3 tehsils:

* Bagh Tehsil
* Dheerkot Tehsil
* Hari Ghel Tehseel

| * v
* t
* e
Districts of Azad Kashmir |
| --- |
| Provincial capital: Muzaffarabad |
| Muzaffarabad | 
* Jhelum Valley
* Muzaffarabad
* Neelam Valley

 |  |
| Poonch | 
* Bagh
* Haveli
* Poonch
* Sudhanoti

 |
| Mirpur | 
* Bhimber
* Kotli
* Mirpur

 |
**Proserpina** (/proʊˈsɜːrpɪnə/; Latin: *Prōserpina*) or **Proserpine** is the goddess of springtime and the queen of the underworld in Roman mythology. She was the daughter of Ceres. In Greek mythology, there was a goddess who was like Proserpina called Persephone. She was first brought to Rome in the year 204 BC. Many of her stories were based on those of the Greek goddess. 

Her name is possibly derived from the Latin *proserpere*, meaning "to emerge or come forth".

Libera and Proserpina
---------------------

Libera was reated to Proserpina from 205 BC. She and Ceres got a Romanised form of Greek religious events. This was part of Rome's religious acceptance of deities to serve as divine friends against Carthage, towards the end of the Second Punic War. In the late Republican era, Cicero described Liber and Libera as Ceres' children. At around the same time, Hyginus made Libera same to Greek Ariadne, as bride to Liber's Greek equivalent, Dionysus. The older and newer forms of her names, worship, and rites, and their diverse relationships, existed well into the late Imperial times. St. Augustine (354–430 AD) wrote that Libera was a goddess of female fertility, just as Liber was a god of male fertility.

As a daughter of Ceres
----------------------

Proserpina was brought to Rome as the daughter of Ceres in the newly Romanised culture of "Mother and Daughter". The cult originated from southern Italy. It was politically a friend to Rome but culturally a part of Magna Graecia. The cult was based on the women-only Greek Thesmophoria. It was a part public and part secret culture to Demeter and Persephone as "Mother and Maiden". It came to Rome along with its Greek priestesses. The priestesses were given Roman citizenship. They were able to pray to the gods "with an outside knowledge, but for a native and good purpose". In his book on Virgil, Servius writes that Proserpina's divine name is Luna, and her earthly name is Diana.

In the underworld
-----------------

The most popular story of Prosperina is of her being taken away by force by the god of the Underworld. Her mother Ceres searched for her. Her mother stopped doing all the works in the world that she used to do. In Latin literature, several stories are known. All similar mostly to the stories of Greek Persephone being taken away by force by the King of the underworld. The king was named in Latin sources as Dis or Pluto, and in Greek sources as Hades or Pluto. "Hades" can mean both the hidden Underworld and its king ('the hidden one'). In early Greek stories, it is a dark thing. Persephone is "Kore" ('the maiden') who was taken against her will in the underworld.

| * v
* t
* e
Roman mythology series |
| --- |
| Major deities | Apollo **·**  Ceres **·**  Diana **·**  Divus Augustus **·**  Fortuna **·**  Divus Julius **·**  Juno **·**  Jupiter **·**  Lares **·**  Mars **·**  Mercury **·**  Minerva **·**  Neptune **·**  Pluto **·**  Quirinus **·**  Sol **·**  Venus **·**  Vesta **·**  Vulcan |
There are many desserts eaten in Australia.

Pavlova
-------

Pavlova is a meringue cake. Meringue is egg whites and sugar. It is crispy on the outside. It is light inside. It has fruit and cream on top. 

PavlovaPavlova 
The name "pavlova" comes from a famous Russian ballerina called Anna Pavlova. 

The first pavlova was made in New Zealand. In 1926 a chef in a hotel made the dessert when Anna Pavlova was in the country.

Pavlova is also very popular in Australia.

Lamington
---------

A lamington is a sponge cake. It is covered with chocolate and coconut. Sometimes it has jam in the middle. 

a lamington with creamA lamington with cream
The Governor of Queensland from 1896 to 1901 was Lord Lamington. The cake was probably named after him, or his wife.

Lamingtons are very popular in Australia. July 21st is National Lamington Day.

Fairy Bread
-----------

Fairy BreadFairy Bread
Fairy bread is white bread spread with butter, and covered in Hundreds and Thousands. The bread is cut into triangles. Fairy bread is popular at children’s parties. 

No one knows who made the first Fairy Bread. In 1929 there was a newspaper article about fairy bread in a newspaper in Hobart, Tasmania.
Pericardium surrounding the heart
**Pericardium** is a thin, conical, fibroelastic sac or a membrane surrounding hearts and its great vessels.

Various functions of pericardium include preventing dislocation of heart by maintaining its original position, providing mechanical support to the heart and its great vessels and act as a lubrication, to lessen friction between the heart and the neighboring structures.

Gross anatomy
-------------

Anatomically It has two main parts fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium.

Histology
---------

Histologically, pericardium consists of three layers: the serosa, the fibrosa, and an outer layer of epipericardial connective tissue.
Pericardial fluid is present in between these two layers.
The parietal pericardium (thickness 0.8–1 mm) consists of an outer fibrous connective tissue sac lined by serosa. The serosa comprises unilayer mesothelium (which is responsible for the formation and reabsorption of pericardial fluid). It is surrounded by variable amount of fatty tissues, particularly in the cardiophrenic angles.

The pericardial sac consists of two pericardial sinuses namely oblique sinus and transverse sinus.

Clinical anatomy
----------------

Pericarditis and Pericardial effusion
Pericardial effusion is clinical conditions characterized by excessive pericardial fluids in between the parietal and visceral layers. Pericardiocentesis is a clinical procedure carried out to remove excessive fluid that has built up in a pericardium. The inflammation of pericardium is called pericarditis.

Related pages
-------------

* Pericarditis
This article is about the 2021 novel. For projects named Hail Mary, see Hail Mary (disambiguation).

***Project Hail Mary*** is a novel by American writer Andy Weir. It is his third science fiction book. It was published in the United States in May 2021.

Presentation
------------

*Project Hail Mary* is the third novel by American writer Andy Weir, after *The Martian* (2014), which has sold five million copies in the United States, and *Artemis*. It was published in the United States in May 2021, under the title *Project Hail Mary*.

Summary
-------

An astronaut, Ryland Grace, wakes up with amnesia in a spaceship, millions of kilometers from Earth. He little by little finds out that he is humanity's last hope, and he has to save lives on Earth from mass extinction.

Movie adaptation
----------------

The Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer company got the right to make a movie about this novel for three million dollars.

Other websites
--------------

* "Project Hail Mary", on www.isfdb.org, Internet Speculative Fiction Database, October 2021.