recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
The **Lawrence blockhouses** were blockhouses built in the spring of 1864 in Lawrence, Kansas. They were built provide defensive buildings in case of attack by Confederate guerrillas. On August 21, 1863, William C. Quantrill led a group of 400 guerrillas and Confederate Army to attack Lawrence. Lawrence had few defenses. Much of the town was destroyed. About 180 men and boys were killed. A militia became active by spring 1864 to prevent another attack.

Five blockhouses were built by May 1864. One militia group was assigned to stay at each blockhouse. Each blockhouse was built out of logs. They had port holes to be used to aim rifles outside. It is unknown where all the blockhouses were at. One was somewhere in west Lawrence, and two may have been far from town. One was at the intersection of Massachusetts and Winthrop streets; another was at the intersection of Massachusetts and Berkley streets.

The exact places are known for only two of the blockhouses. These are:

* Blockhouse at Massachusetts and Winthrop (today 7th Street) - 38°58′17″N 95°14′10″W﻿ / ﻿38.9713°N 95.2360°W﻿ / 38.9713; -95.2360
* Blockhouse at Massachusetts and Berkley (today 10th Street) - 38°57′57″N 95°14′09″W﻿ / ﻿38.9657°N 95.2359°W﻿ / 38.9657; -95.2359

Both Cordley and Ridenour said some people from the militia were assigned to stay at each blockhouse every night. In late October 1864, towns in Kansas were worried when Confederate Maj. Gen. Sterling Price came close to Kansas City from the east. On October 22, three of the five Lawrence militia groups were sent to the front. This left the other two to stay at the blockhouses and guard Lawrence.

On October 23, the people of Lawrence heard that the Union army attacking Price were defeated. There was nothing that could stop the Confederates from coming to Lawrence. However, on October 23, it was learned Price's men had been hurt, and they were going south. The two militia groups continued to stay at the blockhouses for about two weeks. The other three groups were busy with following the retreating Confederates.

The nightly guard duty and the use of the blockhouses continued until the end of the Civil War. After that time, nothing more was mentioned of the blockhouses.
**Rugeley** (pronounced *Rud-jlee*) is a market town in Staffordshire, England. It is 7.9 miles (12.7 km) north of the cathedral city of Lichfield and 9.8 miles (15.8 km) southeast of Stafford, the county town. The 2011 census revealed that just over 24,000 people live in Rugeley.

It is on the north-eastern edge of Cannock Chase and is next to the River Trent.

The Trent & Mersey Canal flows through the town.

Although the town is in Staffordshire, it is in the Walsall postcode area, a town in the West Midlands, and the WS15 postcode district.

The town has two railway stations, Rugeley Town and Rugeley Trent Valley. Rugeley Trent Valley is on the West Coast Main Line and provides long-distance trains to London, Birmingham and Crewe. Rugeley Town is on the Chase Line and provides direct local trains to Walsall and Birmingham.

Rugeley used to have its own newspaper, the *Rugeley Times*. It was published from Bow Street in the town. However, the paper was sold to the Staffordshire Newsletter.

Twinning
--------

Rugeley is twinned with:

* United States Western Springs, Illinois, U.S.

Gallery
-------

* Upper Brook StreetUpper Brook Street
* Rugeley Trent Valley stationRugeley Trent Valley station
* The Trent and Mersey Canal through RugeleyThe Trent and Mersey Canal through Rugeley
* Elmore ParkElmore Park
**Ranjit Singh Ahir** (also known as **Ranjit Ram**) was one of the commanders of rebel army in the Indian rebellion of 1857 in Bihar, he fought against British East India Company under the leadership of Kunwar Singh. He belonged to Ahir family of Shahpur-Bihiya Pargana, currently part of Bhojpur district, Bihar.

Early life
----------

Ranjit Singh Ahir was born in 1802 to an Yadav family of Shahpur village of Bihiya Pargana in Bhojpur district. His father's name was Parsanram Ahir.

Since an early age, Ranjit Singh Ahir was working for the British East India Company, he was a Havildar in the first company of the 40th Platoon, his job was to distribute salaries to the soldiers.

Role in the 1857 rebellion
--------------------------

On July 25, 1857, the sepoys revolted in Danapur, Ranjit Singh Ahir also participated in the rebellion, they looted weapons from Danapur and marched off towards Arrah.

Subedar Sitaram, Ranjit Singh Ahir and other rebel soldiers first captured the Koilvar bridge and then marched to Arrah and joined famous rebel leader Kunwar Singh.
Example of a pericyclic reaction the  Cyclohexatriene norcaradiene rearrangementExample of a pericyclic reaction the Cyclohexatriene norcaradiene rearrangement
In organic chemistry, a **pericyclic reaction** is a type of chemical reaction between organic compounds. In the case of pericyclic reactions, the transition state of the molecule is a ring (has a cyclic geometry), and the reaction goes forward in a concerted way. Pericyclic reactions are usually rearrangement reactions. The most important groups of pericyclic reactions are:

* Electrocyclic reactions
* Cycloadditions
* Sigmatropic reactions
* Group transfer reactions
* Cheletropic reactions
* Dyotropic reactions

In general, pericyclic reactions are equilibrium processes. However, it is possible to push the reaction in one direction if the product is at a significantly lower energy level. This is applying Le Chatelier's principle to a reaction involving a single molecule.

Many pericyclic reactions have similar stepwise radical processes connected with them. Chemists disagree whether some reactions are pericyclic reactions. For example, it is not definitively known whether the [2+2] cycloaddition mechanism is concerted (or may depend on the reactive system). Many pericyclic reactions have similar reactions that are metal-catalyzed. But these metal-catalyzed reactions are not really pericyclic. The metal catalysts stabilize the reaction intermediates. So the reaction is not concerted, but rather metal-stabilized.

A large photoinduced hydrogen sigmatropic shift was utilized in a corrin synthesis performed by Albert Eschenmoser containing a 16π system.

Due to the principle of microscopic reversibility, there is a parallel set of "retro" pericyclic reactions, which perform the reverse reaction.

Pericyclic reactions in biochemistry
------------------------------------

Pericyclic reactions also happen in several biological processes:

* Claisen rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate in almost all prototrophic organisms.
* [1,5]-sigmatropic shift when precorrin-8x is being changed into hydrogenobyrinic acid
* non-enzymatic, photochemical electrocyclic ring opening and a (1,7) sigmatropic hydride shift in vitamin D synthesis.
* a conversion of Isochorismate into salicylate and Pyruvate in a catalyzed, true pericyclic reaction.

Isochorismate Pyruvate Lyase converts Isochorismate into salicylate and Pyruvate

Related pages
-------------

* Woodward–Hoffmann rules
**Luka Rocco Magnotta** (born **Eric Clinton Kirk Newman**; July 24, 1982) is a convicted Canadian murderer. He was found guilty of murdering Jun Lin, After killing him, Magnotta cut the body into pieces and sent these body parts to different political parties and elementary school.[*source?*] Lin was a Chinese international student.

Magnotta has had schizophrenia since 2000. He was convicted of fraud in Toronto in 2005. He was sentenced to community service and probation.

An 11-minute video, showing the murder was uploaded to Bestgore.com. It was titled *1 Lunatic 1 Ice Pick*. After this, Magnotta ran away from Canada. He was the subject of an Interpol red notice. This led to an international manhunt. Magnotta was caught after he was found in an Internet café in Berlin. He was reading news about himself. He tried to give fake names police before he admitted to who he was. He was handed over to Canadian authorities in Berlin on June 18, 2012. Magnotta returned to Canada on a Royal Canadian Air Force CC-150 Polaris. He was jailed in a single cell at the Rivière-des-Prairies detention centre.

At 11 am on May 29, 2012, a package which contained a left foot was delivered to the main offices of the Conservative Party of Canada. Another package which contained a left hand was addressed to the Liberal Party. It was intercepted in a Canada Post processing facility. A janitor found a decomposing torso in a suitcase in the alley behind an apartment building in the Snowdon area of Montreal. On June 5, 2012, a package which contained a right foot was delivered to St. George's School. Another package which contained a right hand was sent to False Creek Elementary School in Vancouver.

On June 6, 2012, Lin's family arrived at Trudeau Airport in Montreal. A candlelight vigil was then held in Montreal.

The body parts were later matched to Jun Lin by DNA samples from his family. After police got an anonymous tip, they found Lin's head. It was lying at the edge of a small lake in Montreal's Angrignon Park.

On July 11, Lin's body was burned at his funeral. His ashes were buried in the Notre-Dame-des-Neiges cemetery in Montreal.

Canadian media named Magnotta the "Canadian Newsmaker of the Year." This caused controversy.

After committal for trial, the judge set a trial date of September 8, 2014 on April 29, 2013. On September 29, 2014 in court in Quebec, Magnotta admitted that he killed Jun Lin. He pled "not guilty "to murder due to his schizophrenia. In addition to schizophrenia, Magnotta has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder.

After a twelve-week trial, the jury were given their final instructions from the trial judge on December 15, 2014. On their eighth day of discussing the case, the jury returned a verdict of guilty on all charges. Magnotta was given a life sentence. He will be eligible for parole in 25 years. Magnotta was also sentenced to 19 years for other charges.

Magnotta was previously wanted by animal rights groups for allegedly posting videos of himself killing kittens. There was no accusation for these videos.

Other websites
--------------

* Luka Magnotta at the Notable Names Database
A **soap opera** is a television or radio program that airs in episodic series. This means that each episode continues telling a story, which, in turn, tells more of the last episode's story. A single story on a soap opera can be told for weeks, months, or sometimes even years.

In America, each soap opera airs every day, Monday through Friday, in the afternoon. Because they air at this time, they are sometimes called **daytime serials**. In the U.K. and other countries, the soap operas air in the evening, twice or three times a week.

This is a list of soap operas that air in America, in their current order of popularity:

1. *The Young and the Restless*
2. *The Bold and the Beautiful*
3. *General Hospital*
4. *Supernatural*
5. *Lost*
6. *Days of Our Lives*
7. *All My Children*
8. *As the World Turns*
9. *One Life to Live*
10. *Guiding Light*
11. *Passions*

There are still two soap operas that air in Australia, Network Ten's *Neighbours* and the Seven Network's *Home and Away*. Strangely, *Neighbours* is more popular in England than it is in Australia.

In the U.K. the most popular soap operas are *Coronation Street* and *EastEnders*. *Coronation Street* is about people who live in Manchester, in the northern part of England. *EastEnders* is about people who live in an imaginary place called Albert Square in the East London. Another popular soap opera is *Emmerdale*, and it is about people who live in a small village in Yorkshire, also in the northern part of England. In the 1970s *Crossroads* became the most watched soap in England. It was shown from 1964 to 1988.

In Latin America (including Brazil), Spain, Portugal and Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa (like Angola), soap operas are called *telenovelas*, and usually run for a limited time.

Related pages
-------------

* Dorama
* Serial
* Radio drama
* Playwright
* Theatre
Legal status of prostitution across Asia.  

  Decriminalization – No criminal penalties for prostitution
  Legalization – prostitution is legal and is regulated in some cases
  Abolitionism – prostitution is legal, but organized activities such as brothels and pimping are illegal; prostitution is *not* regulated
  Neo-abolitionism – illegal to buy sex and for 3rd party involvement, legal to sell sex
  Prohibitionism – prostitution illegal
  Legality varies with local laws

Prostitution is legal and regulated in **Bangladesh**. Bangladeshi prostitutes often suffer poor social conditions and are frequently socially degraded.

Policy and law
--------------

Prostitution is legal in Bangladesh, but the Bangladesh constitution provides that the "State shall endeavor to prevent gambling and prostitution." Various provisions of different laws prohibit child prostitution, forced prostitution, solicitation and the keeping of unlicensed brothels.

Related pages
-------------

* LGBT rights in Bangladesh
**Franz Riegler** (30 August 1915 - January 1989) was an Austrian football player. He played mainly for FC Wien. He also played for the Austrian national football team.

Career
------

He started his professional career at FC Wien. Riegler played as a right winger in the starting eleven from the 1933/34 season and made a name for himself as a precise cross provider. 1934 he moved to Wiener Austria. Riegler immediately won the Austrian Cup and the Mitropa-Cup.

In the championship in 1936/37, he missed out on winning the title with Austria in second place only because of the worse goal difference compared to Admira. In the 1938/39 season, the winger played for the first division newcomer SK Amateure Steyr. Then he moved back to FC Wien in the summer of 1939. With them he reached good results during the Second World War with the runner-up in 1941/42. For FC Wien he played regularly in the first league until the end of 1950. Then he was playing coach of WFC Semperit till 1953.

International
-------------

He debuted for Austria on 27 September 1936 in a 5-3 loss versus Hungary. His last match was on 6 December 1945 in a 4-1 win versus France.
**Makka Pakka** is a fictional character from the British TV show *In The Night Garden*. The show was on television from 2007 to 2009. Justyn Towler voiced Makka Pakka, however in the United States, Makka Pakka is voiced by Robert Towers. 

Makka Pakka is a short, beige doll with three round bits on both sides of his head.

He lives in his rock cave, where he sleeps on his stone bed with one of his rocks. 

He rides around on his Og Pog, a three-wheeled scooter with a horn and a place for his soap and sponge (his "agga-pang"). Near the front axel there is also his Uff Uff, which he uses to dry his items after cleaning them. He also carries around a special trumpet, his "hum dum".

Phrases
-------

Him and his friends Upsy Daisy and the Tombliboos all use the phrase "pip pip onk onk" to say goodbye.

During every episode that he is featured in, Makka Pakka sings this;

Makka pakka akka wakka mikka makka moo!

Makka pakka appa yakka ikka akka oo!

Hum dum agga pang ing ang oo,

Makka pakka akka wakka mikka makka moo!

1. ↑
2. ↑   IMDB
3. ↑
4. ↑  .
5. ↑
**Emil Regnard** (8 September 1897 - April 1962 ) was an Austrian football player. He played for both major clubs in Vienna (Rapid, Austria). He played also for the Austrian national football team.

Career
------

He started at Margaretner Viktoria. Then he went to the second division club SC Red Star Wien in 1920. In 1922 he moved to SK Rapid Wien. In his first season he reached the championship title. In the next two years he played regularly in the team before he was forced out of the regular formation by Franz Solil in 1925.

In 1926 he left Rapid and went to Wiener Amateur-SV, which shortly afterwards changed its name to FK Austria. He had a regular place again. In the championship, Austria did not get beyond midfield places in these years. Regnard reached the finals of the ÖFB Cup in 1927 and 1930.

From autumn 1931 he played half a season at SC Nicholson. He ended his career at the second-rate SC Weiße Elf.

International
-------------

On 15 April 1923, Regnard made his national team debut in a 0-0 draw against Italy. Over the next five years he played five more games without securing a permanent starting place. He last match was on 20 March 1927 in a 1-2 defeat against Czechoslovakia.

Honours
-------

* Austrian champion: 1923
* Austrian Cup final: 1927, 1930
* 6 matches for the Austrian national football team: 1923–1927
Chayanne
**Elmer Figueroa Arce** (born June 28, 1968 ) is a Puerto Rican Latin pop singer. He is best known by his stage name **Chayanne**. He has released 21 studio albums. He has also sold over 30 million albums worldwide. Figueroa's nickname "Chayanne" was given to him by his mother. This was because he liked the 1960s television series *Cheyenne*. In the 1970s, Chayanne tried out for Menudo. The producers told him that he was too young to be in the group. Because of this, he joined another group called Los Chicos (the guys). They recorded several hit singles. These include "Puerto Rico Son Los Chicos" and "Ave Maria", which would later be recorded by Beyoncé Knowles. After the group separated in 1984, Chayanne started his solo career. 

Chayanne signed with RCA Ariola. He released his first album *Chayanne es mi Nombre* (1984). His second album with RCA, *Sangre Latina* was released in April 1986. On May 5, 1987, Chayanne switched to Sony Music Latin. His self-titled album was released in that same year. The album features "Peligro de Amor" and "Fiesta en América" which ranked on the *Billboard* Hot Latin Tracks charts. On Noviember 1, 1988, Chayanne released another self-titled album. After its release, Pepsi wanted him to be their spokesperson. On August 7, 1990, his album *Tiempo de Vals* was given a Grammy Award nomination. Chayanne has also been in several TV programs since 1984.

Movies
------

* 2010: *Tangled* .... Flynn Rider (Voice in Spanish )
* 2008: *Gabriel* .... Gabriel Marquez (10 episodes, 2008)
* 2008: *Premios Billboard de la música latina* (TV)
* 2004: *La niñera*
* 2001: *Provócame* .... Pedro Balmaceda-Linares Duncan
* 2001: *Ally McBeal* .... Sam Adams (2 episodes) "Hats Off to Larry" "Mr. Bo"
* 1998: *Dance with Me* .... Rafael Infante
* 1997: *Siempre piel canela* (TV) .... Singer
* 1996: *Al compas de un sentimiento* .... Singer
* 1994: *Linda Sara* .... Young Alejandro
* 1994: *Volver a Empezar*.... Chayanne (Himself)
* 1986: *Pobre juventud*

Discography
-----------

* 2014: *En Todo Estaré*
* 2012: *A Solas Con Chayanne*
* 2010: *No Hay Imposibles*
* 2008: *De Piel a Piel*
* 2008: *Chayanne: Vivo* (live)
* 2007: *Mi Tiempo*
* 2005: *Cautivo*
* 2005: *Desde Siempre*
* 2003: *Sincero*
* 2002: *Grandes Éxitos*
* 2001: *Simplemente*
* 1998: *Atado a Tu Amor*
* 1996: *Volver a Nacer*
* 1994: *Influencias*
* 1992: *Provócame*
* 1990: *Tiempo de Vals*
* 1988: *Chayanne II*
* 1987: *Chayanne*
* 1986: *Sangre Latina*
* 1984: *Chayanne es mi Nombre*

Other websites
--------------

* Official website
* Chayanne on IMDb

| Persondata |
| --- |
| Name | Chayanne |
| Alternative names | Arce, Elmer Figueroa |
| Short description | Singer, actor |
| Date of birth | 1968-6-28 |
| Place of birth | San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico |
| Date of death |  |
| Place of death |  |
This chart shows what happens when an interrupt is called
An **interrupt** is when a microprocessor does something that it is not told to do because of things that happen outside what the program is supposed to do. Interrupts happen most often because the processor gets a signal from hardware, but they can also come from software that is running along with the program. Among the many things can cause interrupts are pressing keys on a keyboard, the built-in timer going off, a data transfer taking place, or any other event that needs an action from the processor right away. Interrupts can happen at any time while the processor is running a program, no matter where in the program's source code it is.

How interrupts work
-------------------

A hardware or software call for an interrupt (known as an *interrupt request*, or IRQ) is taken care of by an "interrupt handler" or "interrupt service routine" (ISR) in the processor. It puts what is it doing at the time onto a stack and then follows certain instructions that does a given task on behalf of the system, which does not have to be part of the program it does. Once it is done following the instructions, the ISR then takes back what it put on the stack and continues with what it was doing before the interrupt happened.

Many interrupt controllers from today's processors use an interrupt vector to sort interrupts based on where it came from, among other ways. The vector typically contains the code that has to be run when the interrupt happens. ISRs are generally responsible for dealing with, or "servicing", the interrupt, along with keeping itself in working order.

Uses of interrupts
------------------

* Triggering tasks at regular intervals
* Servicing an external device that can happen at any time
* Remove the need for synchronous polling
* Triggering an operating system (OS) to take action
Burns performing in 2008
**Pete Burns** (5 August 1959 – 23 October 2016) was an English singer. He started the band Dead or Alive in 1980. Their 1985 single "You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)" was number one. He has since become known for having had a lot of cosmetic surgery. He also became known for being on Celebrity Big Brother in 2006.

Early life
----------

Burns was born on the Wirral in England to a German mother, Eva. He started school when he was seven.

Career
------

In 1979 Burns was the singer of Nightmares on Wax. In 1980 he started Dead or Alive. In April 1984 Dead or Alive released their first album *Sophisticated Boom Boom*. Dead or alive's second album *Youthquake* was released in May 1985. It reached number nine in the UK Albums Chart. 

In 2004 Burns released a single with the Pet Shop Boys. In 2006 "You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)" was released as a single for the fourth time. It reached number five in the UK Singles Chart.

In 2011 Burns was on *Celebrity Come Dine with Me*.

Personal life
-------------

Burns used to have "really bad depression". In 2006 he was arrested for attacking his fiancee. In 2007 Burns married Michael Simpson. Burns died in London following a sudden cardiac arrest on 23 October 2016, at the age of 57.
**Budget padding controversy**  was a controversy that affected the House of Representatives of Nigeria. It led to the suspension of Abdulmumin Jibril, the chairman of the House Committee on Appropriation. He was suspended for 180 legislative days and removed as Chair, House Committee on Appropriation in June 2016 over an allegation he leveled against the speaker of the house, Yakubu Dogara and three other principal members of the house of representatives, Yusuf Sulaimon Lasun, Alhassan Doguwa and Leo Okuweh Ogor.

On 20 July 2016, Jibril accused the speaker of the house and the principal officers of fraud, corruption, and padding of the 2016 budget and this led to his suspension on 28 September 2016. He was suspended for 180 legislative days.

According to *Premium Times Nigeria*, Jibril said "My resolve to champion this cause was borne out of patriotism and desire to complement the present administration’s anti-corruption war from the legislative front,"

He claimed that the principal officers including the speaker of the House allotted to themselves a sum of N40 billion out of the 100 billion naira apportioned to the House of Representatives. He indicted the speaker and accused him of aiming to smuggle the sum of 30 billion naira into the 2016 budget. The speaker rebutted the allegation and subsequently described it as blackmail.

In a counter claim, the lawmakers through the Chairman, Committee on Media and Public Affairs, Abdulrazak Namdas stated that his suspension was connected to his investigation by the Economic and Financial Crime Commission and abuse of power during his tenure as Chairman of Finance Committee.

On 13 March 2018, his suspension was rescinded by the lawmakers after he submitted an apology letter to the House.
**Fengning Manchu Autonomous County**, Chengde City, Hebei Province jurisdiction, established in 1987. According to "Manchu name test": Fengning County name comes from Emperor Qianlong Yuci, take the word "Fung Fukang Corning."
Geographic location: longitude 116.65 ° north latitude 41.2 °

Qing Emperor Qianlong forty-three years (1778) was built Fengning county.

When the Republic of Fengning under the Rehe system.

In 1940 the county seat by the town moved to town.

May 1948 liberation.

December 2, 1986, the State Council approved the establishment of Fengning Manchu Autonomous County.

April 1987 Fengning Manchu Autonomous County officially listed.

Fengning paper cutting has a long history, Fengning folk paper-cut began in the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the beginning of paper-cut is used to reinforce the windows, blocking the window joints, and later gradually developed, gradually rich colors, the development of the characteristics of decorations, cultural values are also rising. 1993 Fengning was the Ministry of Culture named "Chinese folk paper-cut art town" now has Wei Wene, Shi Junfeng and other cultural heritage successor

In 2014, the Ministry of Culture website published "on the publicity of the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative list of projects recommended list" announcement, Fengning Teng cloth paste successfully included in the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage Directory. Teng 's cloth painting is a new painting by Teng Teng, a folk artist of Fengning, Hebei. His technique is a combination of painting, sculpture, heap embroidery, thangka and paper - cutting, and the materials are exquisite, colorful and delicate. Realistic, drawn widely. 

Fengning is a famous revolutionary poet Guo Xiaochuan's hometown. Guo Xiaochuan, the famous poet, writer. Born in 1919, died in 1976. Guo Xiaoguan, formerly known as Guo Enda, was born in the Fengning Manchu Autonomous County town of Fengshan (at the time was the predecessor of Chengde - Rehe Province) an intellectual family. The main works are: "plain old man", "into the fiery struggle", "to young citizens", "Pengcheng Wanli", "general trilogy", "sugar cane forest - blue gauze", "Kunlun line".
The London Stock Exchange
**The London Stock Exchange** (LSE) is a stock exchange in London, England. It is the biggest stock exchange in the Europe and third largest in the world.

The Royal Exchange, London was officially opened on 23 January 1571 by Queen Elizabeth I. This is where the regulated stock market started. From 1801 dealers had to pay a subscription. The government used the Exchange's organised market (and would most likely not have managed without it) to raise the enormous amount of money required for the wars against Napoleon.

The new Stock Exchange Tower was opened on 8 November 1972; it was a new City landmark, with a 23,000 sq ft (2,100 m2) trading floor. From 1973 women and foreign-born members were allowed. The London Stock Exchange formally merged with the eleven British and Irish regional exchanges. It became a company, no longer owned by its members in 2001.

In 2004 it moved to a brand-new headquarters in Paternoster Square. It bought Refinitiv, a financial data company, in 2019 for $27 billion. It then sold Borsa Italiana, the owner of Milan’s stock exchange.

The growth of the electronic processing of financial transactions means that face-to-face trading no longer happens. Normal trading sessions are from 08:00 to 16:30 local time every day of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays declared by the exchange in advance.

In 2011 there were 2,938 companies from over 60 countries listed on the London Stock Exchange. The total value of these companies is £3.9 trillion.

The FTSE 100 Index (often called the "Footsie") is like the Dow Jones Industrial Average in the United States. FTSE stands for Financial Times Stock Exchange. The 100 most valuable companies listed are tracked. The value of a company is calculated by multiplying the share price of the company by the total number of shares they have issued. The index took the place of the FT30 in January 1984. 

The FTSE 250 follows the share prices of the 101st to the 350th largest companies. There is also the FTSE 350 Index which combines the FTSE 100 and 250, and the FTSE SmallCap Index, which tracks the 351st to the 619th largest-listed companies. The the FTSE All-Share Index is an index of all 620 companies listed.

They are calculated by computers in real time, and the cost of shares in the companies is reported every minute.

In 2023 data and analytics businesses made most of the company's money. Less than 4% came from listing and trading cash equities. Microsoft bought 4% of the company in 2022.
***Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings*** is a real-time strategy PC video game. It is developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft. It was released in 1999 for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh. It is the second game in the *Age of Empires* series. This game is set in the Middle Ages and contains thirteen playable civilizations. This game is usually played with keyboard and mouse.

There are five historically based campaigns, which conscript the player to specialized and story-backed conditions, as well as three additional single-player game modes; local area network and internet multiplayer are also supported. The first major competition was held in Korea in 2001.

*Age of Empires II: HD Edition* was an updated high-definition graphics version of the game. It was released in 2013. The *HD Edition* includes the original game and the expansion *The Conquerors*, as well as new campaigns, civilizations, and it has an updated graphics for high-resolution displays. A remaster, *Age of Empires II: Definitive Edition*, was released in November 2019. This game came to Xbox in early 2023.

Other websites
--------------

* *Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings* at MobyGames

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* VIAF

 |
| National | 
* France
* BnF data
* Germany
* United States

 |
| Other | 
* MusicBrainz work

 |



1. ↑  Reichardt, Sven. "AoE2 History: $100,000 Microsoft Tournament (2001)". *YouTube*. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
Swara Bhaskar in 2017
**Swara Bhaskar Chitrapu**  ( (1988-04-09) April 9, 1988 (age 35)) is an Indian actress who works in the Hindi film industry. She is best known for her supporting work in mainstream productions and starring roles in independent films. She has won two Screen Awards and has been nominated for Filmfare Awards three times.

Bhaskar was the daughter of naval officer Chitrapu Uday Bhaskar. She was born and raised in Delhi. After receiving her bachelor's degree in English literature from the University of Delhi, she enrolled herself at the Jawaharlal Nehru University to complete her master's in Sociology. Bhaskar made her film debut with a supporting role in the 2009 drama *Madholal Keep Walking.* The drama did not make much money. She achieved wider recognition for her supporting role of a bride-to-be in the commercially successful romantic comedy *Tanu Weds Manu* (2011). Her performance in the film was well received by critics. She was nominated for a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress.
**Vladimír Sobotka** (born July 1, 1986) is a Czech professional ice hockey center. He currently plays for Avangard Omsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He has also played for HC Slavia Praha of the Czech Extraliga, as well as the Boston Bruins and St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Career
------

Sobotka started his ice hockey career with HC Slavia Praha of the Czech Extraliga. He played 96 games throughout 4 seasons with them, scoring 10 goals and recording 19 assists. He was drafted with the 106th overall pick by the Boston Bruins in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft.

On November 24, 2007, Sobotka played in his first NHL game in a 2-1 loss to the New York Islanders. On February 13, 2008, Sobotka was able to score his first NHL goal and the game-winning goal against Ty Conklin of the Pittsburgh Penguins in a 2-1 win. On June 26, 2010, Sobotka was traded to the St. Louis Blues for the rights to Boston University defenseman David Warsofsky.

Sobotka's first goal as a member of the Blues came on November 6, 2010 against his former team, the Boston Bruins, beating Tuukka Rask after the puck was turned over in the Bruins' zone. On June 15, 2011, he re-signed to a three-year contract with the Blues. On March 9, 2013, he scored his first NHL hat trick against the San Jose Sharks in a 4-3 overtime win.

On January 6, 2014, he was named to the Czech Republic's men's Olympic team roster, but he suffered a leg injury on January 31 which prevented him from being able to take part in the Olympics. The Blues placed Sobotka on the injured reserve list and he missed the 2014 Olympic Winter Games.

After the 2013-2014 season ended, he became a restricted free agent. Sobotka decided not to resign with the Blues and instead he was signed to a three-year contract by Avangard Omsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). When the possibility of Sobotka playing in the KHL became clear, the Blues filed for salary arbitration in the NHL. On July 21, 2014, Sobotka received a one-year, $2.725 million award from an arbitrator. The result of the arbitration award is if Sobotka decides to return to the NHL at a later date, the Blues will retain his rights for a year at the amount that was awarded by the arbitrator. At the end of that year, Sobotka will become an unrestricted free agent in the NHL.

Other websites
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* Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Eurohockey.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or The Internet Hockey Database
**Joe Tallari** (born October 5, 1980 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player.

Playing career
--------------

In 2001 Tallari began his career playing for Niagara University where he was team's senior captain. Tallari moved to the Hartford Wolf Pack, the farm team for the New York Rangers. He stayed for just one season before moving to the Johnstown Chiefs of the ECHL, where he again topped the 50 point mark.

Over the following three seasons, Tallari switched between teams in the ECHL and the AHL, spending time with the Cleveland Barons, the Bridgeport Sound Tigers (on two occasions) and the Las Vegas Wranglers. He then moved to Europe, signing with the Manchester Phoenix in the summer of 2007 to play under Tony Hand. Tallari finished the season as the EIHL's second highest goal scorer, with 55 goals and 38 assists in 59 games. This performance won Tallari the 'Best Newcomer' award at the 2008 Man of Ice Awards and ensured his selection for the 2007-08 EIHL All-Star team.

In April 2008 it was announced that Tallari would leave Manchester to sign for the Hockey Club Pustertal-Val Pusteria in order to try and qualify for the Italian national team. On 07 May 2009 he left Hockey Club Pustertal-Val Pusteria and signed a contract with HC Eppan Pirats Internorm.

Other websites
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* Joe Tallari career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database
* Arrivederci Joe, Tallari Lands Italian Dream Archived 2008-04-16 at the Wayback Machine EIHL Official Website, 11/04/08.

| Persondata |
| --- |
| Name | Tallari, Joe |
| Alternative names |  |
| Short description | ice hockey player |
| Date of birth | 5 October 1980 |
| Place of birth | Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada |
| Date of death |  |
| Place of death |  |
**Rowena Ravenclaw** is a character in the books about Harry Potter written by J. K. Rowling. In the books Rowena Ravenclaw was a witch in the 10th century who was one of the four people who started Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, a school in a castle in Scotland. She also started Ravenclaw House, which is one of the four groups of students called "Houses" at Hogwarts. Each student in the school is in one of the four Houses and each House has its own dormitory, an area of Hogwarts Castle where students in that House live. The Ravenclaw dormitory is in one of the towers of the castle. Her daughter, Helena Ravenclaw was killed by The Bloody Baron in the forests of Albania. She is not a ghost at Hogwarts known as "The Grey Lady".

In the fourth book about Harry Potter, *Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire*, the Sorting Hat sings a song about the four people who started the school. In the song it says that Rowena Ravenclaw was from a *glen*, so this tells us that Rowena Ravenclaw was from Scotland.
For broader information on realism in art, philosophy, and politics, see Realism.
Niccolò Machiavelli's book *The Prince* from 1532 is said to be a main work of realism theory
**Realism theory** is a way of thinking about politics and world history, that focuses on being realistic. It is one of the main styles of international relations theory. It gives the theoretic background to Realpolitik statesmanship of early modern Europe. According to Realism, world politics is always and necessarily a field of conflict among actors who want power. The theories of realism are contrasted by the cooperative ideals of liberalism.

Depending on what they see as the cause of the conflict between states, realists can be divided into three classes: Classical realists believe it follows from human nature; neorealists attribute it to the dynamics of the anarchic state system; neoclassical realists believe it results from both, in combination with domestic politics. Neorealists are also divided between defensive and offensive realism. Realists trace the history of their ideas back through classical antiquity, beginning with Thucydides.

Jonathan Haslam defines realism as "a spectrum of ideas." Its theories revolve around four main rules:

1. states are the central actors in international politics, rather than leaders or international organizations;
2. the international political system is anarchic, as there is no supranational authority to enforce rules;
3. states act in their rational self-interest within the international system; and
4. states desire power to ensure self-preservation.

Realism is often associated with Realpolitik, as both deal with the pursuit, possession, and application of power. Realpolitik, however, is an older prescriptive guideline limited to policy-making, while realism is a wider theoretical and methodological paradigm to describe, explain, and predict events in international relations. As an academic pursuit, realism is not tied to ideology; it does not favor any particular moral philosophy, nor does it consider ideology to be a major factor in the behavior of nations. Priorities of realists have been described as Machiavellian, single-mindedly seeking the power of one's own nation over others.
**Leeds Rhinos** playing Wakefield Wildcats.
**Leeds Rhinos** (used to be **Leeds RLFC**) are a Rugby League team in Leeds, West Yorkshire. They play in Super League and last won it in 2017

History
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The Rugby Union club, Leeds St John's formed in 1870, however in 1895, when many teams broke off to form Rugby League, the club also switched codes. The club played as Leeds RLFC until 1995, when they changed their name to 'Leeds Rhinos'. This was done to mark the start of the Super League. Many other clubs made similar name changes. Leeds Rhinos have won the Super League in 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2015.

Stadium
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Leeds Rhinos play at the Headingley Carnegie Stadium, which has both Rugby and Cricket grounds. The rugby stadium has a capacity of 22,500. The stadium is located in the Headingley district of the city and is near both Headingley and Burley Park railway stations.

Mascot
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The club mascot is Ronnie the Rhino, who was introduced when the club changed names. As well as making appearances at the stadium on match days, Ronnie also travels around schools in Leeds promoting sport and healthy living. Ronnie has been popular with children who attend games, emphasizing the club's intention to cater for families.

Website
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* Club website
***Bagualosaurus*** (from the Portuguese regional term "bagual", referring to a person or animal of strong build) is a sauropodomorph dinosaur. It is the seventh known sauropodomorph discovered in Brazil. It was described in 2018.

*Bagualosaurus* lived about 230–223 million years ago, and grew to about 2.5 meters (8.2 ft) long.

The holotype specimen had a partial skull and jaw, twelve back vertebrae, two tail vertebrae, two chevrons, a pelvis, two partial hindlimbs and five fragmentary ribs. The pieces were found on a ravine at the edge of a pond in rural Agudo in 2007. 

The fossil had been kept in a closet of the Laboratory of Paleovertebrates of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul South. The fossil was described as a sauropodomorph on May 25, 2018.

Paleoecology
------------

*Bagualosaurus* probably had a fully herbivorous diet. They had a dentition well adapted for eating vegetation. All sauropods have two characteristics in common: gigantism and herbivorism. Their diet may have been the source of later sauropod gigantism. Modern trees had not evolved, and herbivores at the time had cycads, ferns and early conifers as food.

*Bagualosaurus* lived in the Santa Maria Formation alongside animals such as the carnivorous sauropodomorph *Buriolestes*, the crocodile-like *Cerritosaurus* and the possible theropod *Staurikosaurus*.
Marilyn Monroe, in 1952. Monroe was considered to be attractive.
An ad in 'Ladies' home journal' from 1948. Both the man and the woman are considered attractive (they have a large amount of sexual capital)
**Sexual capital** (or **erotic capital**) is the social value an individual or social group gets as a function of their sexual attractiveness. Like other forms of economic capital, sexual capital can be converted to other forms of capital. Sexual capital can be useful in getting social or economic capital. British sociologist Catherine Hakim first used the term "erotic capital", in the early 2000s. French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu had already defined other forms of capital, such as economic, cultural, or social capital. Hakim saw sexual capital as different. She says erotic capital is independent of class origin; for this reason, it enables social mobility. Hakim argues that this makes erotic capital socially subversive, which results in the prevailing power structures devaluing and trying to suppress it. In the manosphere, the parallel term *sexual market value* or its abbreviation *SMV* is often used.

Nobel prize winner Gary Becker developed a theory of human capital. In 1972, Michael Grossmann had developed the term "health capital". Robert Michael extended this term to include sexual capital. Maichal says, if an individual choses to use his or her sexual attractivness, this is a rational choice, and the individual will expect something in return.
**Tsukaikoku** (対海国) is an island country that existed in the past in Japan. It is mentioned in Chinese history books like the Wajinden.

Description in the Wajinden
---------------------------

The Wajinden said Tsukaikoku island didn't have good farming land. But, Ōe Masafusa wrote there were places to grow crops. The island often gave soybeans as a gift. The records show the island had a lot of precious things. These included silver, lead, tin, pearls, gold, and lacquer. Pearls were especially important. But the pearls might not be real. They could be red paint made from a stuff called cinnabar. This stuff is found mixed with minerals in mountains...

In old records from the Wei dynasty, it's written that the king of Wa gave about 11 kg of pearls to Queen Himiko. It is also known that people in Korea knew about the island...

The island had more than 1000 homes, but no king. Only officials called the "Higo" and "Hinokumari" were written about. Officials from the "Bando" area only came to ports for a short time because it was easier for traveling. They wrote down the names and traits of the administrative areas. So, other areas like Motsu, Keiji, and Kashi might have had kings. But the names from the Yayoi period and the Engishiki records may not be the same..

Location
--------

Some history experts say that the old country called Tsukaikoku is the same as the island of Tsushima today. But others think it's in Shimane prefecture.

### Shimane theory

The names of the shrines written in the Engishiki shrine records match the shrines in Shimane prefecture. This helps the idea of its location.

In Shimane prefecture, there were four areas: Kashi, Keiji, Tamamochi, and Motsu. The island has four regions naturally split by mountains. You can see this on a map. You can tell where Kashi, Keiji, and Motsu are by their names today. But we don't know where Tamamochi is. The west coast area that's mostly empty is later called Sasu district. But this name isn't in old books. Scholars think the area might have changed its name from Tamamochi to Sasu long ago..
Torii
**Sugōisobe-jinja** (菅生石部神社) is a Shinto shrine in Kaga, Ishikawa Prefecture, on the Daishōji grounds. It was mentioned in the engishiki of 927 and held the shakaku rank of kokuhei shōsha, which is the national shrine of the 3rd rank. During the feudal era, it was of the second-highest rank in Kaga Province. Currently, the shrine is directly controlled by the Association of Shinto Shrines. Locally, it is referred to as "Shikichi Tenjin" or "Sugō Tenjin."

Worshiped *kami*
----------------

The deity worshipped at Sugōisobe-jinja shrine is Sugōisobe no Kami. This name represents three deities, namely Hoori, Toyotama-hime no Mikoto, and Ugayafukiaezu no Mikoto.

There are several theories about the true identity of the deity at Sugōisobe-jinja shrine. Some scholars suggest that the deity is actually Sukunabikona, rather than Sugōisobe no Kami.

History
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According to legend, Sugōisobe no Kami was brought to the area from the imperial court in 585 when a serious illness spread throughout the region. The shrine was recorded in the engishiki jinmyōchō, a record of all shrines in Japan compiled in 927, as shōsha, and it held the second highest rank (ni no miya) in Kaga province. The shrine was highly respected by the imperial court and the samurai class, and in 940, the deity was elevated to shōshii no ge, an upper fourth rank, lower degree. The Heike monogatari, a Japanese epic of the 12th century, also mentioned that Minamoto no Yoshinaka donated to the shrine. During the Middle Ages, the entire area was incorporated into the territory of Kitano Tenmangū, and Sugōisobe-jinja came to be known as "Tenjin" due to the god worshipped there. A bull statue, associated with Tenjin, still stands as a reminder of that time.

Festivals
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Every year on February 10th, the Gongan Shinji festival, also known as "Takewari-matsuri," is held at Sugōisobe-jinja. In 1987, Ishikawa Prefecture designated the festival as an Intangible Cultural Heritage..

The area
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* 本殿main shrine
* 拝殿worship hall
* 神楽殿Kaguraden
* 社務所shrine office
* 神門（加賀市指定文化財）Shinmon Gate (Kaga City Designated Cultural Property)
* 神門（境内側）Shrine gate (inside the precincts)
* 白山社Hakusansha
* 敷地稲荷社Site Inari Shrine
**Meaning** is a term in linguistics and philosophy. It is also a word in everyday life. The basic idea is this: meaning is the information which is sent by speech or messages. What that information is can be inferred by a listener or reader.

Meaning makes sense as part of a conversation between two or more people. The bits of a conversation, like questions and answers, suggestions and explanations, work to help the meaning get across. Requests and instructions are other types of communication which depend on meaning.

Although humans use language to carry meaning, non-verbal communication definitely has meaning. In fact it is far more ancient than human language, and interpreting its meaning is mostly done by the unconscious mind. Messages travel by scent and sight as well as sound. Humans do some of this as well as almost all animals. In humans, facial expressions and the sense of touch are very important. All these things have meaning.

Related pages
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* Meaning of life
* Semantics