recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
A Proton rocket launching Zvezda Service Module for the International Space Station in 2000
**Spaceflight** is when an object (or spacecraft) made by man flies into outer space. A spaceflight can occur with or without humans on board. 

The Russian Soyuz program, the American Space Shuttle and the International Space Station are examples of manned missions. (Manned means the spacecraft has humans on board.) On the other hand, examples of unmanned flights are space probes which fly into deeper space, and satellites which travel around and orbit the Earth or other planets. (Unmanned means the spacecraft does not have any people on board.) Space probes and satellites are both machines that work either by radio control from Earth or are fully automatic.

Spaceflight is used for space exploration such as manned missions to the Earth's moon or unmanned missions to other planets in the solar system. Spaceflight can also be used for tourism and satellite telecommunications. A spaceflight begins with a rocket launch, which provides enough energy to get out of Earth's atmosphere and to orbit the Earth. Once the rocket is in space, the activity of the rocket is watched and studied by scientists back on Earth. Some rockets may remain in space forever, some break apart when they re-enter Earth's atmosphere. Some spacecraft are made to land on other planets, and most manned spacecraft are made to land back on Earth, most of the time using a parachute to land safely. 

On October 3, 1942, a German V-2 missile crossed the Kármán line (100 km or 62 miles above the Earth) on October 3, 1942. This was the first spaceflight. The first man-made satellite to travel around Earth was the Russian Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957. 

Some examples of manned spacecraft are Soyuz, Starship, Starliner, Gemini, Apollo, Crew Dragon, Mercury (It is both the name of a spacecraft and a planet), the Space Shuttle, and Orion.

Unmanned spacecraft include communications satellites, space telescopes, space probes and planet rovers.
***The little girl found in Venice***  (also known as ***La bambina ritrovata a Venezia***) is a 19th-century painted in oil by Antonio Rotta, in 1870, in Venice, Italy, exhibited at the Civici Musei di Storia ed Arte in Trieste, Italy.

Description
-----------

Representations of interior scenes about Venice life are rare, and this is one of the most historical images of everyday life. The scene portrays the hall of a Venetian palace, as can be deduced from the view in the area of ​​Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace (in Italian: Palazzo Ducale), also known as the Doge's Palace, a symbol of the city of Venice and the Belfry of São Marcos, in addition to the open window. It is not easy to interpret the theme of the painting, wrapped in the story of a mystery of the Republic of Venice: perhaps the lady, who turns a stunned and grateful look at the sky at the same time, recognizes in the child of the clothes dispensed a girl dear to her, whose physiognomy is mentioned in the picture on the console to the right of the painting. On the same island there is a large Chinese pink porcelain vase of the family, to connote the richness and refinement of the furniture and the testimony of the importance of the commercial relations between the Republic of Venice and China at the time. The Chinese porcelain vase, is a piece of furniture that signals the widespread passion that collectors showed in those years for chinoiserie and for Chinese art and culture. Rotta is interested in the representation of true everyday life, finding in it a deep introspection of the human soul. It is still life according to the realism that impresses the first moment when the innocence of children dies along with the knowledge of life.

Stilistic analysis
------------------

Rotta is interested in the representation of true everyday life, finding in it a deep introspection of the human soul. It is still life according to the realism that impresses the first moment when the innocence of children dies along with the knowledge of life. It is not easy to interpret the subject of the painting: perhaps the lady, who at the same time looks astonished and grateful to the sky, recognizes in the girl in disheveled clothes a beloved girl, whose physiognomy is suggested in the frame of the console to the right of the screen. painting. On the same console, there is a large Chinese porcelain vase of the famille rose type, to connote the richness and refinement of the furniture.

A rich and rich girl who is lost in the world and for the first time has a feeling of dismay. The paintings of works that offer scenes of life in rich environments are rare and precious, because Rotta was the intense singer of the popular soul, of the humble people, of the places and of the poor and everyday domestic atmospheres of Venice that he knew in his intimacy essence.

Exhibitions
-----------

* Museo d’arte orientale, Trieste, 2013

Related pages
-------------

* The Hopeless Case (Rotta)
Sindhi language is spoken by more than 50 million people and Sindhi literature is as rich as of any language known to human society. Shah Abdul latif Bhittai, Sachal Sarmast and Sammi are considered as the legendary trio of Sindhi literature. Here in this discussion we concentrate on the Sindhi writers from India. This is quite possible that Sindh, presently part of Pakistan may appear in our discussion as this has passed only 70 years since the partition of the country which forced Indian Sindhi community to leave the motherland of many generations of their forefathers. Many of the contributors to Sindhi literature - Sindhi writers were born in Sindh though they live and worked in India. This might be the Rashtriya Kavi Padam Shri Dada Hundraj Dukhayal or unparalleled Sindhi writer poet Padma Shri Prof Ram Panjwani.

When we are discussing about Sindhi writers we must mention Sindhi women. Sindhi literature has revolutionary woman writers like Popati Hiranandani [Sindhi Sahitya Academy Award 1982] , Indira Vaswani, Maya Rahi and many more who have contributed to enrich the Sindhi literature. Many of Sindhi women have contributed poetry.

We will start list of Sindhi writers from India with Tirth Basant who wrote a biography of the famous Sindhi Saint Bhagat Kanwarram Sahib with Title "Kanwar" and was first awardee of Sindhi Sahitya Academy award in 1959.
The modern boundaries of Thrace in Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey.
The physical-geographical boundaries of Thrace: the Balkan Mountains, the Rhodope Mountains and the Bosphorus. The Rhodope mountain range is highlighted.
The Roman province of Thrace
**Thrace**  (Ancient Greek: Θρᾴκη: *Thráke*; Bulgarian: Тракия; *Trakiya*, Turkish: *Trakya*) is a historical and geographic area in Southeastern Europe. It was bounded by the Balkan Mountains on the north, the Rhodope Mountains and the Aegean Sea on the south, and by the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara on the east. Thrace included areas that are now southeastern Bulgaria, northeastern Greece, and the European part of Turkey.

The Thracians were an ancient Indo-European people. They lived in Central, Western, and Southeastern Europe.

Ancient history
---------------

The indigenous population of Thrace was a people called the Thracians. They were divided into many tribal groups. Thracian troops were known to be used in the Persian army. Many of them went with neighbouring ruler Alexander the Great when he crossed the Hellespont (which is next to Thrace) during his invasion of the Persian Empire.

The Thracians were divided into separate tribes. They did not form a lasting political organization until the Odrysian state was founded in the 4th century BC. Like Illyrians, Thracian tribes of the mountainous regions had a warrior tradition. The tribes based in the plains were more peaceable. Recent funeral mounds in Bulgaria suggest that Thracian kings did rule regions of Thrace with distinct Thracian national identity.

Thrace was conquered by Alexander. It later regained its freedom. It was conquered after several attempts by the Romans in 46 AD, in the reign of Claudius. They became a province, and later four provinces, of the Roman Empire. Finally, as the Empire crumbled, Thrace suffered more than a thousand years of conflict and conquest by stronger forces. It never regained its independence.

The Thracians did not describe themselves as such and *Thrace* and *Thracians* are simply the names given them by the Greeks.
***Star Wars: TIE Fighter*** is a space flight simulator game that came out in 1994. It takes place in the *Star Wars* universe and has starfighters and other spacecraft from the movies and books. The player flies starfighters for the Galactic Empire in various missions.

Story
-----

*TIE Fighter* takes place in several parts with different storylines. In early missions the player fights against members of the Rebel Alliance, as well as space pirates and other enemies. There is also a story section where the player helps the Empire mediate between two groups that have been at war but say they want a peace treaty.

Later in the game, the player helps find out about a plot by a traitor Admiral to leave the Empire and join the Rebellion, and steal Imperial ships and technology. The rest of the game is about the player working with the Empire to stop the traitors.

Gameplay
--------

In *TIE Fighter*, the player is a starfighter pilot who flies in combat missions. The game is normally played in first person from the view of the cockpit, but the player can also choose third person camera. There are many starfighters the player can fly, but some can not be used until later in the game. For many missions the player can choose which starfighter to fly and what warheads to use during the mission.

Most missions are combat missions. The player fights enemy starfighters, as well as "capital ships", which are very large starcraft that are hard to destroy. Different missions have different goals. Sometimes the player will escort supplies, scan other spacecraft, or simply hunt enemy ships.

Since the game is in space there is no gravity and the player can fly in any direction. Each starfighter the player can use has laser guns and many have warheads and rechargeable shields.
A **threat** is a type of communication. It is a warning. It is a behaviour which almost all advanced animals have. In humans it is often verbal (spoken). Dictionary definition:

"Any action, gesture or response that indicates an intention to attack, harm or intimidate another".
Threats evolved because actual fighting often damages an animal, and a damaged animal is at risk. On the other hand, animals compete for food, territory, mating and other important things.

Because humans have complicated brains, their use of threats may be deliberate, and may be spoofs or jokes. Humans make threats verbally, but words are not automatic. If I tread in your toe, you may say "Ow" by reflex. That's not a threat. But if I say "do that again, and I'll (whatever)", that's a threat.
In many cases the threat is not believed, or may even be a joke. Like other communications, a threat has a context, and the context decides its meaning.

A child who says "I'll tell my dad" may learn from the sarcastic reply "I'm so scared!" that the threat is an **idle threat**. An idle threat is one that promises harm which cannot or will not happen.

A threat to do harm may be mixed with an offer to do good. This is called a conditional offer, or **throffer**. The threat part may be implied, but nevertheless effective.

Some countries, such as the United States, have a legal concept of **true threat**. A true threat is a threatening communication which can be prosecuted under the law.

A threat can describe a situation of danger: for example "a terrorist threat". Many countries have a system where the government can adjust its security by having official **threat levels**.

Related pages
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* Nonverbal communication
* Threat display (in animals)
***Star Wars: Dark Forces*** is a first-person shooter computer game which takes place in the *Star Wars* universe. It was made by LucasArts. It came out in 1995 for MS-DOS and Apple Macintosh, and a version was later made for Sony Playstation.

The player controls **Kyle Katarn**, who was once a stormtrooper for the Galactic Empire but left the Empire to become a mercenary. In *Dark Forces*, Katarn works for the Rebellion which fights against the Empire. The game's story is about Kyle finding and stopping an Imperial weapons program called the **Dark Trooper Project**.

Everything in the game is set in the Star Wars universe. Many things in the game are taken from the original Star Wars trilogy movies, such as several weapons and most of the game's enemies, but some things were made just for *Dark Forces*. 

Many of the planets that the levels take place on were created for Dark Forces, but a few of them are from *Star Wars* books.

Gameplay
--------

*Dark Forces* is a first person shooter, so the player controls Katarn and sees from Katarn's eyes. Much of the gameplay is about fighting and shooting enemies, but there are also many puzzles to solve to move through the missions. 

The player can run, strafe, jump, crouch, and move through shallow water. The player can also look up and down. The game can be controlled with keys on the keyboard, and also a mouse can be used to run, turn, and shoot. 

The game is made up of separate missions. Each mission has certain goals that the player must finish. The missions are all part of the story. Katarn's pilot drops him off and picks him up, but he goes through the missions alone without any help.

There are many different weapons in the game that the player can use and that enemies also use. Most of the weapons shoot blaster bolts or other projectiles, but the player can also throw *thermal detonators* like grenades. Some of the weapons have a *secondary* fire mode which shoots in a different way.

Story
-----

The story is told in two ways. One way is cutscenes, which are animated videos that play between some missions. Also, before each mission the player is given a briefing which talks about what is happening in the story and what the mission goals are.

In the first mission, Katarn steals the Death Star plans so the Rebels can destroy the Death Star. The rest of the game is a different story. 

The Rebels find out about a secret Imperial program called the **Dark Trooper Project**. The Dark Trooper project is a plot to create new robotic Stormtroopers that are very powerful and dangerous.

Kyle searches for clues about the Dark Trooper Project and sets off to stop it.
Sodium nitrate
**Sodium nitrate**, also known as **caliche**, **Chile saltpeter**, and **soda niter**, is a chemical compound. It contains sodium and nitrate ions. Its chemical formula is NaNO3.

Properties
----------

It can dissolve in water very easily. It is an oxidizing agent. It is a white crystalline solid.

Occurrence and preparation
--------------------------

It is found in very dry areas. If it was wet, then the sodium nitrate would dissolve. But it is normally made artificially by reacting sodium hydroxide and nitric acid. Chile used to have much sodium nitrate naturally in the very dry Atacama Desert. It is found in small amounts in leafy green vegetables.

Uses
----

It is used to supply nitrogen to the soil. It is also used in making gunpowder. Some other explosives use it. It can be used to make nitric acid by reaction with sulfuric acid. It is used in rockets and smoke bombs. Sometimes it can be a food preservative.

Related pages
-------------

* Sodium nitrite
* Nitrite
* Ammonium
| Germany
 |
| --- |
|  |
| This article is part of a series on thepolitics and government ofGermany |
| Constitution (Basic Law)
* Human rights
* Federal Constitutional Court
 |
| Executive
* President
Frank-Walter Steinmeier
* Chancellor (List)
Olaf Scholz
* Vice Chancellor
Robert Habeck
* Cabinet
Scholz
 |
| Legislature
* Federal Convention(*Bundesversammlung*)
* Federal Council (*Bundesrat*)
* Federal Diet (*Bundestag*)
* Joint Committee(*Gemeinsamer Ausschuss*)
 |
| Judiciary
* Federal courts
Constitutional
Administrative
Justice
Fiscal
Labour
Social
 |
| Administrative divisions
* States (*Länder*)
* Administrative regions(*Regierungsbezirke*)
* Districts (*Kreise*)
* Collective municipalities (*Ämter*)
* Municipalities (*Gemeinden*)
 |
| Elections
* Electoral system
* Political parties
* Referendums
 |
| Foreign relations |
| 
* Other countries
* Atlas

 |
| * v
* t
* e
 |

The **President of the German Bundesrat** (German: *Präsident des Deutschen Bundesrates or Bundesratspräsident*) is the speaker or chair of the German Bundesrat, which is the upper house of the German parliament.

Each of the ministers president of the federal *Länder* (states) acts as the president of the Bundesrat for one year.

The President of the Bundesrat can also act as deputy to the Federal President if the Federal President is out of Germany or not able to act because of illness etc. If the Federal President dies or is removed from office the President of the Bundestag will act as President until a new president is elected, which must be within thirty days.

Election
--------

The President of the Bundesrat is usually elected on the 1 November in one year, and serves until the 31 October of the next year. The Basic Law says, in Article 52.1, that "the Bundesrat elects its President for one year". However, in practice the presidency rotates among all Länder equally, in accordance with a predetermined order. The order changes sometimes, because it depends on each state's population.

If the head of government of a *Land* changes during the term of the President of the Bundesrat then the presidency passes to the new minister-president for the remainder of its one year duration. This happened in April 1999 when Roland Koch replaced Hans Eichel as minister-president of Hesse. The current order of rotation of the presidency of the Bundesrat is as follows:

1. Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia)
2. Bayern (Bavaria)
3. Baden-Württemberg
4. Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony)
5. Hessen (Hesse)
6. Sachsen (Saxony)
7. Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate)
8. Berlin
9. Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt)
10. Thuringen (Thuringia)
11. Brandenburg
12. Schleswig-Holstein
13. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
14. Hamburg
15. Saarland
16. Bremen

Related pages
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* List of presidents of the German Bundesrat
* German Bundesrat
* Politics of Germany

Other websites
--------------

* The Bundesrat - President and Presidium Archived 2006-05-10 at the Wayback Machine from Official Bundesrat website Archived 2009-08-30 at the Wayback Machine
**Physical Unclonable Functions** (**PUFs**) are hardware modules that can generate randomness. Their operation is based on "locked" randomness, stemming from tiny imperfections (mistakes) in the manufacturing process of hardware, which result in the production (output) of a bit-string which appears random and can be considered as unique per hardware instance (device).

Essentially, in each PUF circuit, electric current may move through this circuit in two distinct ways/paths, such as two wires. If it goes mostly through one of these ways/paths, a logical zero is produced, whereas if it goes through the other way/path, a logical one is produced. The prevalent path is chosen according to tiny details (characteristics) of the circuit, such as which wire is thicker or longer. However, the two wires have been designed to be exactly the same, and only differ because of imperfections of the manufacturing process, which cause random tiny mistakes (imperfections), such as one wire being 5 mm, and the other 5.00001 mm. Therefore, and as the choice of the prevalent path is dependent on a large number of tiny details (thickness, length, resistance of the wires, etc.), which are very difficult to determine beforehand, this choice appears as random, and can be considered as chaotic. The tiny production mistakes that affect the path choice cannot be predicted as they happen randomly in the manufacturing process. Nevertheless, after they happen, they stay like that, for example, the small difference in length between two wires will always exist after they have been manufactured, so the aforementioned path choice is "locked", although it is "random" (chaotic), and will always give the same result.

Since most contemporary hardware devices consist of millions of circuits, millions of individual choices can be made at the same time, resulting in a string (series) of bits (zeros and ones) of a very large length. Since each choice is independent and "random", the probability that two such strings will be the same becomes extremely small due to their very large length. Therefore, a PUF can be used to produce a large bit-string that will be *unique* per device and always the same, when measured under exactly the same conditions. Such a bit string can then be used in cryptography as an inherently occurring cryptographic token, such as a key for encryption. As external (environmental) conditions may affect the result of a PUF (its "random" unique bit-string output), error correction may be needed to force this result to be the same between different measurements.

Hardware, which by its nature allows for a choice of path for electricity, such as memory cells, can be easily employed in order to implement a PUF in a device, without the need of additional circuitry. Therefore, PUFs can be quite cost-efficient and lightweight.
Ancient Egypt Painted Pottery at a museum in Paris, France
Relatively plain earthenware for everyday use: pottery found at Çatal Höyük - sixth millennium BC
Obviously an artistic work as well as practical: Greek red-figure vase in the krater shape, between 470 and 460 BC, by the Altamura Painter
**Pottery** is the ceramic material which makes up potteryware. Major types include earthenware, stoneware and porcelain. The place where such wares are made is also called a *pottery* (plural "potteries"). Pottery also refers to the art or craft of a potter or the making of pottery. A dictionary definition is simply clay fired in a kiln.

Pottery objects are made from damp clay mixed with other materials. They are then fired in a special oven called a kiln at high temperatures. Firing makes the clay hard. The potter may then apply a glaze to the surface before firing the object again. The fired glaze makes the surface of the pottery shiny, decorative and water-tight. 

Some potters make objects which are not useful and are really artistic objects or sculpture. Bare pottery objects without a glaze are called *bisque* or just earthenware. The finest pottery objects, made of porcelain or bone china are quite strong, yet are translucent.

History of pottery
------------------

Pottery originated before the Neolithic period. The earliest example we have is from eastern Europe, dating to 25,000 years ago or earlier. It is a female figurine known as the Venus of Dolní Věstonice, from a palaeolithic site in Moravia, Czech Republic. It may have been made as part of a fertility ritual. There are some similar figures from other nearby sites.

Since the invention of agriculture, and the building of cities, containers for food and drink have been found at almost all archaeological sites.

The Potteries
-------------

This means the area of Stoke-on-Trent in England, sometimes called the Staffordshire potteries. There were six towns, Tunstall, Burslem, Hanley, Stoke-upon-Trent, Fenton and Longton, which now make up Stoke-on-Trent. 

The area was the centre of the English pottery industry. The area had local supplies of clay, salt, lead and coal. Canals were used to transport the product inland. It was a large exporter of pottery for about 200 years: roughly from 1760 to about 1960. Plastic crockery after World War II and cheap ceramic production in China largely destroyed the Stoke pottery industry.

* A man making pottery.A man making pottery.
* An old potter's wheel in Erfurt, Germany.An old *potter's wheel* in Erfurt, Germany.
* A woman making pottery.A woman making pottery.
* Drying pottery.Drying *pottery*.
* Traditional pottery, BangladeshTraditional pottery, Bangladesh
*Lipotriches* sp. bee pollinating flowers
Tropical flowers like *Tacca chantrieri* are bat-pollinated.
A **pollinator** is an animal that does pollination. Pollination is almost entirely done by insects, though there are some exceptions. Some birds (such as hummingbirds) pollinate flowers as they take nectar. Overall, however, it is insects that pollinate. Bees, of course, pollinate flowers as they take nectar. But wasps, ants, flies, beetles, butterflies and moths all have many species which are pollinators. The plant which offers the pollen is called the *pollenizer*.

To be a pollinator, an insect has to move pollen from the male anther to the female stigma of a flower. The pollinator gets away with much of the pollen for its own use.

Although it is obvious that flowering plants are the plants which usually offer pollen, there is a pre-history of pollination in cycads.

Bees may not be the most numerous insects which take up the pollen. Hoverflies (Syrphidae) are very numerous visitors to flowers, and they may be more numerous than bees in many environments.

The list of pollinators is long. Bees, wasps, ants, flies, mosquitoes, lepidoptera and beetles all have some pollinators who take nectar, and also some vertebrates: bats, birds, monkeys, lemurs, possums, rodents.

Wild pollinators often visit many plant species, and plants are visited by many pollinator species. All these relations together form a network of interactions between plants and pollinators. Surprising similarities exist in the networks of interactions between plants and pollinators. This structure is similar in very different ecosystems on different continents, consisting of entirely different species.
A **prion disease** (also called **transmissible spongiform encephalopathy**) is a disease which is caused by prions. Prions are structurally altered versions of small proteins that are normally expressed in cells. Unlike diseases that are caused by gene mutations resulting in the expression of a mutant protein, prions are able to replicate and transmit diseases through physical contact with normal proteins. This causes a protein's structure to change from the normal state to the prion state. 

Unlike bacteria, prions are not considered to be alive because they do not have their own metabolism, they do not possess genes and cannot naturally reproduce outside a host cell. Prion diseases are very rare, and no treatment is available for most of them. There is no cure for prion diseases, and they will always result in death.

Almost all of the known prion diseases are neurologic diseases. There are two common signs which are seen in typical prion diseases:

* Ataxia or disequilibrium, is when a patient cannot stand or walk well because he cannot maintain his equilibrium or balance. This is usually because of a disease or damage in the cerebellum.
* Dementia or loss of mentality, is a progressive loss of cognitive functions.

Prion diseases
--------------

Few types of prion diseases are known. The most important ones are:

* **Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease** - A person can get the disease by eating beef infected with BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy), having a blood tranfusion from a person with the disease, injection of Human Growth Hormone extracted from bodies with the disease, or through infected surgical instruments. Patients suffer from ataxia and dementia and usually die after one year.
* **Kuru disease** - This disease is seen in people living in New Guinea who eat the brains of dead people. Patients present with ataxia, dementia and inability in moving their eyes. Patients will usually die within two years.
* **Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome** - This is a very rare syndrome which presents with ataxia and dementia. The patients usually die after one year.

Prion diseases are very rare. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease makes up about 85% of the cases, but there are about 1 to 1.5 cases per one million people per year.

Related pages
-------------

* Prion
* Encephalopathy
Sobek (from the Temple of Kom Ombo)

|  |
| --- |
| **or** |
| Sobekin hieroglyphs |

**Sobek** was the ancient Egyptian god of the Nile. In art, he was shown with the head of a crocodile. In temples to Sobek, live crocodiles were kept in pools to honor him.

Jobs & Roles
------------

Sobek was worshipped wherever the Nile was presenting difficulties. Sobek was the ancient Egyptian god of crocodiles and controlled the waters. Sobek’s role was to protect the pharaoh from evil but it differs with each person. He was the most popular god in Arsinoe (Crocodilopolis in Greek), and was considered the Lord of Faiyu (a place in Egypt).

Myths & stories
---------------

One day when Sobek was in the Nile, he saw Osiris’ (who was murdered by Set, the god of chaos) body. He was so hungry he could not resist eating part of it. His tongue was cut off as a punishment, which is why crocodiles have no tongues in Egyptian myths. He also caught the sons of Horus when they were born.

Physical Appearance
-------------------

Sobek was seen as a crocodile headed man or very rarely a plain crocodile. Egyptians mummified crocodiles in honor of Sobek. Crocodiles were treated like household pets and were adorned with anklets and other decorative jewels. In temples people kept sacred crocodiles because they thought that they were images of Sobek on earth. The sacred crocodiles were a big attraction, the Egyptian’s believed that if the crocodiles were fed and they accepted their food, you would receive blessings from the God Sobek.

Family & friends
----------------

Sobek was a friend of Horus. Sobek’s mother Neith was considered the sister of Isis, who was Horus’s mother. This made Sobek the cousin of Horus, which was a very important fact because Horus was a major God. In other myths, Sobek was allied with Set. Set was also sometimes thought of as Sobek's father.

Other websites
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* ancientegypt.so.uk
* touregypt.net
* egyptianmyths.net

| * v
* t
* e
Ancient Egyptian religion |
| --- |
| Mythology | 
* Paganism
* Pantheism
* Polytheism
* Emanationism
* Soul
* Duat
* Numerology

 |  |
| Deities | 
* Amun
* Amunet
* Anubis
* Anuket
* Apep
* Apis
* Aten
* Atum
* Bastet
* Bat
* Bes
* Four sons of Horus
* Geb
* Hapi
* Hathor
* Heka
* Heqet
* Horus
* Isis
* Khepri
* Khnum
* Khonsu
* Kuk
* Maahes
* Ma'at
* Mafdet
* Mehit
* Meretseger
* Meskhenet
* Min
* Mnewer
* Monthu
* Mut
* Nefertem
* Neith
* Nekhbet
* Nephthys
* Nu
* Nut
* Osiris
* Pakhet
* Ptah
* Qebui
* Qetesh
* Ra
* Raet-Tawy
* Resheph
* Satet
* Sekhmet
* Seker
* Serket
* Seshat
* Set
* Shu
* Sobek
* Sopdet
* Sopdu
* Tatenen
* Taweret
* Tefnut
* Thoth
* Wadjet
* Wadj-wer
* Wepwawet
* Wosret

 |
| Writings | 
* *Amduat*
* *Books of Breathing*
* *Book of Caverns*
* *Book of the Dead*
* *Book of the Earth*
* *Book of Gates*
* *Book of the Netherworld*

 |
| Beliefs | 
* Atenism
* Curse of the Pharaohs
* Funerals
* Offering formula
* Philosophy
* Temples

 |
Tomb of Titian in Venice.
**Tiziano Vecellio** (sometimes his last name is given as *Vecelli*, born around 1490, in Pieve di Cadore near Belluno, died 27 August 1576 in Venice) was an Italian painter. His name in English is **Titian**. He was one of the leading painters of the 16th century Venetian school; he is also seen as one of the principal artists of High Renaissance painting of the 16th century. When he was alive, he was often called *Da Cadore*, after his place of birth.

When he was active, the Republic of Venice had a Golden Age, and was well-off economically. Aged nine, Titian went to Venice. The brothers Gentile and Giovanni Bellini taught him how to paint. In 1513, he opened his own shop, and developed into a successful painter, known all over Europe. In 1533, Charles V made him a nobleman. He also obtained a job as a painter at the court of Charles V. In 1545, Pope Paul III invited him to come to Rome, in 1548 and 1550, Titian accompanied Charles V and his son, Philip II to the Diet of Augsburg. When Titian died of the Plague in the year 1576, he was an old man. He was also one of the most famous painters of Venetian history.

Titian was very productive: in total, he painted 676 works. He did portraits, landscapes, as well as themes from mythology and religious works. All his works are very colorful. This special use of color influenced other painters of the same period a great deal. His works influenced painters such as Peter Paul Rubens, Antoine Watteau and Eugène Delacroix.

Gallery
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* A self-portrait, done around 1510. For a long time, it was attributed to  Ariosto. Rembrandt  also used this composition for his self-portraits.A self-portrait, done around 1510. For a long time, it was attributed to Ariosto. Rembrandt also used this composition for his self-portraits.
* Salome, or Judith; this also shows an idealized portrait of beauty, which Titian developed. Titian often used Venetian courtesans as models.Salome, or Judith; this also shows an idealized portrait of beauty, which Titian developed. Titian often used Venetian courtesans as models.
* This painting, called Danaë with Nursemaid is one of several he did with a mythological theme, for Philip II of Spain. It shows how well he could handle colour.  Even though Michelangelo thought the drawing was lacking, Titian produced several versions for other patrons.This painting, called *Danaë with Nursemaid* is one of several he did with a mythological theme, for Philip II of Spain. It shows how well he could handle colour. Even though Michelangelo thought the drawing was lacking, Titian produced several versions for other patrons.
* The Rape of Europa (1562) was admired and copied by Rubens. In contrast to the clarity of Titian's early works, it is almost baroque in its blurred lines, swirling colors, and vibrant brushstrokes.*The Rape of Europa* (1562) was admired and copied by Rubens. In contrast to the clarity of Titian's early works, it is almost baroque in its blurred lines, swirling colors, and vibrant brushstrokes.

Related pages
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* List of Italian painters
**Pusheen** is a cartoon cat and an internet meme. She is seen in comic strips and sticker sets on Facebook. Some of the stickers are animated. Pusheen was created in 2010 by Hilary Duff a comic strip on her website, Everyday Cute. 

The original comic strip series used characters modeled after her owners, Belton and Duff. Also included was their dog named Care, and Pusheen, a female chubby gray tabby cat based on Belton's cat that now lives with her parents in Oregon. Pusheen's name comes from the word *puisín*, which means kitten in Irish.

Social media
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Pusheen is an example of the popularity of cats on the Internet and in social media. An exhibition at the New York City Museum of the Moving Image used Pusheen along with other celebrity cats such as Grumpy Cat, Keyboard Cat and Lil Bub as examples.

The Facebook page for Pusheen has over 8.9 million followers as of March 2020.

The brand has expanded with merchandise from Barnes & Noble, Hot Topic, and Petco. Pusheen is also now seen on: Instagram, Pinterest, and Twitter. The Pusheen Corp has created a mobile app to go along with their sticker collection that started on Facebook. Also, the company has started releasing GIFs on their website several times a month.

Other websites
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* Official website Edit this at Wikidata
The **trogons** and **quetzals** are birds in the order **Trogoniformes** which has only one family, the **Trogonidae**. There are 39 living species in seven genera.

The fossil record of the trogons dates back 49 million years to the mid-Eocene. The word "trogon" is Greek for "nibbling" and refers to the fact that these birds gnaw holes in trees to make their nests.

Trogons are residents of tropical forests worldwide. The greatest diversity is in the Neotropics, where four genera, with 24 species occur. The genus *Apaloderma* has the three African species. The genera *Harpactes* and *Apalharpactes*, with twelve species, live in southeast Asia.

They feed on insects and fruit. Their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they do not fly long distances. Trogons are generally not migratory. They have soft, often colourful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. They are the only type of animal with a heterodactyl toe arrangement. They nest in holes dug into trees or termite nests, laying 2–4 white or pastel-coloured eggs.
A **song cycle** in classical music is a group of songs that belong together. Although each song may be sung separately, the composer really imagined that they would be performed together as one work. Sometimes they tell a story, but sometimes they just belong together because they are about the same idea (e.g. the sadness that can be caused by love). They are often for solo voice and piano accompaniment, but they can also be without accompaniment, or with several instruments or even a whole orchestra. The words of a cycle are often by the same poet, but this is not always the case.

Song cycles started to become popular with composers in the Romantic period. Although there were examples of song cycles written before that, it was the German composers of the 19th century who are most often thought of as writers of song cycles. Their songs are called "Lieder".

Franz Schubert who wrote two long song cycles
The great composer Franz Schubert wrote about 600 songs. These include two long song cycles: *Winterreise* (*Winter’s Journey*) and *Die schöne Müllerin* (*The beautiful miller’s daughter*). Each of these song cycles is long enough for a whole concert. Robert Schumann wrote song cycles including two which he simply called *Liederkreise* (*Song Cycles*), and his well-known *Dichterliebe* (*Poet’s Love*) and *Frauenliebe und -Leben* (*Women’s Love and Life*). Brahms wrote *Vier ernste Gesänge* (*Four Serious Songs*), and Gustav Mahler, who became very interested in folk song, wrote several song cycles with orchestra accompaniment, including *Das Lied von der Erde* (*The Song of the Earth*).

French composers who wrote song cycles include Jules Massenet, Gabriel Fauré and Claude Debussy. Russian composers include Modest Mussorgsky and Dmitri Shostakovich, and English and American composers in the 20th century include Michael Tippett, Benjamin Britten and Aaron Copland as well as the South American Alberto Ginastera, Juan María Solare and Heitor Villa-Lobos.

Related pages
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* Lied
Song

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Three eggs in a nest
Adult and chicks in the nest
With a beak full of earthworms.
Grove snails on an 'anvil'
Turdus philomelos
The **song thrush** (usually **thrush**, *Turdus philomelos*) is a member of the passerine songbird family Turdidae. It breeds across much of Eurasia. It is also known in English dialects as **throstle** or **mavis**. The song thrush has brown upperparts and black-spotted cream or buff underparts, and has three recognised subspecies. Its distinctive song, which has repeated musical phrases, has frequently been referred to in poetry.

The song thrush breeds in forests, gardens and parks, and is partially migratory with many birds wintering in southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East; it has also been introduced into New Zealand and Australia. Although it is not threatened globally, there have been serious population declines in parts of Europe, probably due to changes in farming practices.

The thrush builds a neat mud-lined cup nest in a bush or tree and lays four or five dark-spotted blue eggs. It is omnivorous and has the habit of using a favourite stone as an "anvil" on which to smash snails. Like other perching birds (passerines), it is affected by external and internal parasites and is vulnerable to predation by cats and birds of prey.

Breeding and survival
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The female song thrush builds a neat cup-shaped nest lined with mud and dry grass in a bush, tree or creeper, or, in the case of the Hebridean subspecies, on the ground. She lays four or five bright glossy blue eggs which are lightly spotted with black or purple. Two or three broods in a year is normal, although only one may be raised in the north of the range. On average, 54.6% of British juveniles survive the first year of life, and the adult annual survival rate is 62.2%. The typical lifespan is three years, but the maximum recorded age is 10 years 8 months.

The thrush is occasionally a host of parasitic cuckoos, but this is rare because the thrush usually recognizes the cuckoo's eggs. However, the thrush does not act with the same aggression towards the adult cuckoo as does the blackbird. The introduced birds in New Zealand, where the cuckoo does not occur, still have the ability to recognise and reject non-mimetic eggs.

Feeding
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The song thrush is omnivorous, eating a wide range of invertebrates, especially earthworms and snails, as well as soft fruit and berries. Like its relative, the blackbird, the thrush finds prey by sight, has a run-and-stop hunting technique on open ground, and will rummage through leaf-litter seeking food.

Snails are especially important when drought or hard weather makes it difficult to find other food. The thrush often uses a favourite stone as an "anvil" on which to smash the snail before extracting the soft body and invariably wiping it on the ground before eating it. Young birds initially flick objects and attempt to play with them until they learn to use anvils as tools to smash snails. The nestlings are mainly fed on animal food such as worms, slugs, snails and insect larvae.
**Rie Odajima** (born 1 April 1989) is a Japanese wheelchair basketball player (2.5 wheelchair basketball classification). She is a member of the Japan women's national wheelchair basketball team and her club Wing. She competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

In 2011, when Odajima was 22 years old, she had an accident that damaged the spinal cord. As a result she has an impairment in her right leg and the core of the body. When she was in high school she suffered from an eating disorder. Her father suggested to try a Para sports. In 2013, Odajima went to a wheelchair basketball class at a rehabilitation centre, that was given by a former Paralympian. After she started playing basketball, she overcome the eating disorder, as she thought she had to eat well for playing basketball. She won with the team the silver medal at the 2018 Asian Para Games in Jakarta. She was awarded the "Three Point Award" at the 2018 and 2020 Emperor's Cup. She competed at the 2019 Asia Oceania Championships.
***Taare Zameen Par*** (titled ***Like Stars on Earth*** internationally) is a 2007 Indian Hindi-language family drama movie. Amir Khan produced and directed it. The film stars Darsheel Safary and Aamir Khan. It is about a child with dyslexia.

Story
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The film is about a 8-year-old dyslexic child named Ishaan Awasthi. He does well in art class but not in his other classes. His teachers and principal gives him a report card showing his low grades, so his parents send him to boarding school. The teachers there are unkind to him. He becomes very sad. However, Ishaan's new art teacher is not abusive at all. He is nice and expresses concern about Ishaan. The new art teacher figures out that he is dyslexic and helps him to overcome his disability.

Production
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The film stars Darsheel Safary as 8-year-old Ishaan, Vipin Sharma and Tisca Chopra as Ishaan's parents, Sachet Engineer as Ishaan's brother, and Aamir Khan plays his art teacher.

Creative director and writer Amole Gupte developed the idea with his wife Deepa Bhatia, who served as the film's editor. Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy composed the film's score, and Prasoon Joshi wrote the lyrics for many of the songs. Principal photography took place in Mumbai and in Panchgani's New Era High School. Some of the school's students make appearances. 

The film was released on December 21, 2007 and won awards, including the Filmfare Award for Best Film for 2008 and the 2008 National Film Award for Best Film on Family Welfare. It was India's official entry for the 2009 Academy Awards Best Foreign Film but did not go further to the short-list.

Cast
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* Darsheel Safary as Ishaan 'Inu' Awasthi: Maya & Nandkishore's son
* Aamir Khan as Ram Shankar Nikumbh: An art teacher & Ishaan's tutor
* Tanay Chheda as Rajan Damodran, Ishaan's best friend and classmate at boarding school
* Sachet Engineer as Yohaan 'Dada' Awasthi: Ishaan's brother
* Tisca Chopra as Maya Awasthi: Ishaan and Yohaan's mother
* Vipin Sharma as Nandkishore Awasthi, Ishaan and Yohaan's father
* Girija Oak as Jabeen: Ram Shankar's co-worker
* Bugs Bhargava as SeN SiR & Shankar Sachdev as Tiwari SiR, Two teachers at New Era High School
* M. K. Raina as the principal of New Era High School
* Sonali Sachdev as Irene Teacher: An English teacher at Ishaan's former school.
* Meghna Malik as Victoria Teacher: A Math teacher of Ishaan's former school.
* Lalita Lajmi as herself (Cameo)
The *plaza mayor* of Valladolid, Spain, a typical Spanish plaza
For the hotel in New York City, see Plaza Hotel.
**Plaza** is a Spanish word related to "field" which describes an open public space in a city, such as a city square. In Spanish America, the **plaza mayor** of each city had three things: the cathedral, the *cabildo* or administrative center, and the *audiencia* or law court. The plaza might be large enough to serve as a military parade ground. At times of crisis or fiesta, it was a space where many people could be together at once. Similar to Italian piazzas, plazas are still a center of community life, like the market-place.

Most colonial cities in Spanish America were planned around a square *plaza de armas*, where troops could gather.

A *plaza de toros* is a bullring.

Shopping center
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The first shopping center in the United States, opened in Kansas City, Missouri in 1922, was called "Country Club Plaza" and had Spanish-style architectural details. More recently, *plaza* has been used to describe a shopping center, similar to a shopping mall. Calling a shopping center a *plaza* is to give the idea of a center of cultural life.

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The Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for:

 ***plaza***.

* Plaza Mayor of Madrid
Eggplants cooked in Yuxiang. This is a common Sichuan dish
**Yuxiang** (simplified Chinese: 鱼香; traditional Chinese: 魚香; pinyin: *yúxiāng*; literally: "fish fragrance") is a famous seasoning mixture in Chinese cuisine. The term also refers to the sauce produced after meat or vegetables are cooked. Yuxiang started in Sichuan cuisine. Later, other regional Chinese cuisines also used it.

Meaning of the name
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The name in Chinese means "fish fragrance". However, it contains no seafood and is typically not added to seafood. There is a legend after the meaning of the name. The sauce was used regularly by a mother to cook freshwater fish for her family. However, there was once the family have no fish. The mother then took the leftover sauce to flavour meats and everyone liked the dish. This is the reason it got its name YuXiang or fish flavored. Cooking Yuxiang normally involves the use of sugar, vinegar, doubanjiang, soy sauce, and pickled chili peppers.

Preparation
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The ingredients of yuxiang are finely minced pao la jiao (pickled chili), white scallion, ginger, and garlic. They are mixed in more-or-less equal portions. Some people prefer more scallions than ginger and garlic.The mixture is then fried in oil until fragrant. Water, starch, sugar, and vinegar are then added to create a basic sauce.

Dishes
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The sauce is used most often for dishes containing beef, pork, or chicken. It is sometimes used for vegetarian recipes. Barbara Tropp suggests in a book called *The Modern Art of Chinese Cooking* that Yuxiang can also be mean "Sichuan-Hunan" flavor. Dishes that use yuxiang as the main seasoning have the term (yuxiang) placed in front of the name of the dish.

Some examples are as follows:

* Yúxiāngròusī (魚香肉絲): Pork strips stir-fried with yuxiang
* Yúxiāngqiézi (魚香茄子): Braised eggplants with yuxiang

Other websites
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* Example of video recipe for Yu Xiang Sauce