recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
***Runway 34*** is an 2022 Indian thriller drama film produced and directed by Ajay Devgn asistant director Govind Bhana under his banner of Ajay Devgn FFilms. It stars him along with Amitabh Bachchan, Boman Irani, Rakul Preet Singh, Angira Dhar and Aakanksha Singh in pivotal roles. It is inspired by an aviation incident of a Jet Airways flight from Dubai to Kochi in 2015.

It released on 29 April 2022.

Plot
----

Captain Vikrant Khanna is an accomplished pilot, who is preparing for a flight from Dubai to Cochin. He parties before the flight, and feels tired onboarding it, where his co-pilot is Tanya Albuquerque. Later, a cyclone in Cochin leads to the flight being diverted to Trivandrum on Khanna's suggestion, despite objection from Albuquerque. Albuquerque says that Bengaluru has to be the second option, not Trivandrum, as the latter is near Cochin and has a high chance of having bad weather too. Khanna says that if they divert to Trivandrum, they can attempt a landing there and save fuel. Due to miscommunication, the pilots do not realize that Trivandrum is facing weather worse than Cochin, which reduces the visibility level. Captain Khanna manages to land the flight while closing his eyes and averts a major disaster. 

Prior to an inquiry, a small interrogation takes place, including Khanna's medical test. The instrument, however, is damaged and isn't able to reveal whether or not Khanna is drunk. The enquiry is held regarding the pilots' actions, headed by AAIB Head Narayan Vedant. The enquiry is held mainly because Alma Asthana, an elderly woman who was on the flight and was thesole passenger to trust Khanna with his decision to divert to Trivandrum, had died of a heart attack on her way to the hospital. During the enquiry, a polygraph is conducted on Khanna. Vedant scares Albuquerque with his questions and she mistakenly reveals that Khanna had closed his eyes during landing. 

During the next session of the enquiry, Khanna reveals that he has a photographic memory, so he knew what he was doing during landing, even though his eyes were closed as he was imagining everything in his mind. He eventually proves it through a simulated flight with Vedant as his co-pilot. He makes the same movements that he did on the night of the landing, this time wearing an eye cap over his eyes, to assure Vedant that he can land flights without seeing. He is suspended for three months, but is praised for his skill.

Cast
----

* Ajay Devgn as Captain Vikrant Khanna
* Amitabh Bachchan as Narayan Vedant
* Rakul Preet Singh as First Officer Tanya Albuquerque
* Boman Irani as Nishant Suri
* Ajay Shankar as Lijesh Joseph
* Angira Dhar as Radhika Roy
* Aakanksha Singh as Samaira Khanna
* Vijay Nikam as Santoshlal Tripathi
* Aamil Keeyan Khan as Vikram Sukumaran
* Flora Jacob as Alma Asthana
* Rukhsana as Delilah Asthana
* Al-Mamun Al Siyam as Lumin
* Hrishikesh Pandey as Yusuf Rangoonwala
* Rakesh Bhavsar as Ramiz
**Robert Alan Probert** (June 5, 1965 – July 5, 2010) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. Probert played a total of 1,016 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Detroit Red Wings and the Chicago Blackhawks. Probert was known for being a fighter and enforcer, as well as being one half of the "Bruise Brothers" with teammate Joey Kocur, during the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Probert retired from playing ice hockey in 2002 to join the Blackhawks radio broadcasting team. He finished his career fourth on the NHL's all-time list with 3,300 penalty minutes notched.

After his retirement, Probert ran into drug and legal problems. On February 05, 2003, he entered rehab to try and beat his addiction. He was arrested on June 4, 2004 after he allegedly parked his BMW SUV on the wrong side of the street and got into an altercation over drugs with bystanders. Many police officers got involved and Probert had to be subdued with a taser and stun guns.

On July 5, 2010, while boating on Lake St. Clair with his children, father-in-law, and mother-in-law, Probert experienced "severe chest pain" and collapsed. His father-in-law Dan Parkinson, the Cornwall, Ontario, chief of police, attempted CPR to save his life. He was taken to Windsor Regional Hospital's Metropolitan Campus and was pronounced dead. His funeral services were held July 9, 2010, in Windsor, Ontario. It was attended by many of his former teammates and rivals including Dino Ciccarelli, Tie Domi, Gerard Gallant, Doug Gilmour, Stu Grimson, Joey Kocur, Brad McCrimmon, Darren McCarty and Steve Yzerman, as well as the Red Wings general manager Ken Holland and owners Mike and Marian Ilitch. His eulogy was delivered by Yzerman. His brain was donated to the Sports Legacy Institute to help researchers that are studying the effects of concussions and other sports-related head injuries. In February 2011, the researchers announced at Boston University that they had found evidence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy in Probert's brain.

Other websites
--------------

* Bob Probert player profile at NHL.com
* Bob Probert career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database
Cale at a NASCAR event.
**William "Caleb" Cale Yarborough** (March 27, 1939 – December 31, 2023) was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series driver and was one of the series personalities[*source?*].

History
-------

Yarborough is a three-time Winston Cup Champion, winning the series, 1976, 1977 and 1978. He is the only driver to only win three consecutive titles. His wins was placed at number 5, Yaroborough won the Daytona 500 five times in his career. His win coming from Wood Brothers Racing in his career, the second in 1977 for Junior Johnson, and back to back wins in 1983 and 1984, In 1984, he became the first driver to qualify for the Daytona 500 with a speed of 200 miles per hour (321.869 km/h).

He was involved in a wreck in the 1979 Daytona 500.

### Early career

As a young kid, Yaroborough attended the Southern 500 as a spectator without a ticket, by 1958, he was able to be competing in the Grand National Circuit, In 1965, He was involved in a wreck by Sam McQuagg, Yaroborough's car sailed over the guardrail after tangling with McQuagg's car, Yaroborough tried to make a pass with McQuagg, but their tenders touched Yaroborugh's car went airborne, The car came to rest against a telephone pole outside the track, Yaroborough, who was uninjured, said "I knew I was in trouble when I saw the grass, because I knew there ain't no grass on the racetrack",

On February 25, 1968, he won his first big time race as he beat LeeRoy Yarbrough by less than a second to win the 1968 Daytona 500, Yarborough would win five more races incuding the Southern 500 by four car lengths above David Pearson.

Early in his career, Yarborough competed in the Indianapolis 500, racing in 1966-1967 and 1971-1972.

### Sports Illustrated Car Exposure

He captured his second Daytona 500 in 1977, It was so important that Sports Illustrated put him on cover after his second Daytona 500 win, one of the first stock car drivers that cover on the legendary sports magazine, (see A.J. Foyt).

### Awards

* Yarborough was inducted by the International Motrosports Hall of Fame in 1993
* He was inducted in the National Motorsports Press Association Hall of Fame in 1994
* He was inducted in the court of legends at Charlotte Motor Speedway in 1996
* He was inducted in the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1994.

### Acting

Two episodes of the TV show The Dukes of Hazzard, was featured Cale playing himself, "Cale comes to the Hazzard" in 1984 and "Cale meets the Hazzard in 1979".

### Death

Yarborough died at the McLeod Hospice House in Florence, South Carolina from problems caused by a "rare" genetic disorder on December 31, 2023. He was 84.

Related pages
-------------

* List of NASCAR drivers
***Het Laatste Nieuws*** (Dutch pronunciation: [ət ˌlaːtstə ˈnius]; in English *The Latest News*) is a Dutch-language newspaper.It is based in Antwerp, Belgium. It was founded by Julius Hoste Sr. on 7 June 1888. It is now part of DPG Media. The newspaper is the most popular newspaper in Flanders and Belgium.

Profile
-------

VFront page of Flemish newspaper "Het Laatste Nieuws" of September 5 1944. With headline: Long live Belgium !, Long live The King !, Long live Freedom! in honor of the liberation of Belgium.
Front page of the Flemish newspaper "Het Laatste Nieuws" 20 April 1943
The liberal Julius Hoste Sr. founded the newspaper on 7 June 1888 five days before the Belgian elections. With the newspaper he wanted to support the Liberal Party in the elections. He also wanted to support the Flemish movement in Brussels, a city which was dominated by francophone bourgeois (*Franskiljons*). The newspaper supported the cause of the *Gelijkheidswet* (E: equality law between French and Flemish in Belgium), the rescue of the *Koninklijke Vlaamse Schouwburg* (KVS) (E: Royal Flemish Theatre) in Brussels and the election of the first Flemish, liberal, Ghent municipal governing board in 1907.

The newspaper has liberal views. Generally it wants to support the Flemish movement, with a minimal focus on French speaking people. These characteristics were very important in the new daily, just like its anti-clericalism. In 1897, Flor Burton founded the newspaper *De Nieuwe Gazet* in Antwerp, with a substantially similar editorial policy.

When Julius Hoste Sr. died, his son, Julius Hoste Jr. took over the responsibility. He moderated the confrontational style favored by his father, but changed it to a softer, and more formal tone. He also included more regional news, and expanded the sports section to reach an even wider public.

When World War II broke out, Julius Hoste Jr. fled to the United Kingdom. His newspaper was still published under Nazi control. During this period *The Adventures of Tintin* was in the newspaper. Stories included *Tintin in the Congo*, *Tintin in America*, *The Broken Ear*, *The Shooting Star*, and *The Secret of the Unicorn*.

After the war Julius Hoste Jr. again took control, but the business needed to be rebuilt. He shared day-to-day management with Albert Maertens, who would follow him, after Hoste suddenly died. His heirs wanted to create a foundation, to preserve the newspaper.

Circulation
-----------

In the period of 1995-96 *Het Laatste Nieuws* had a circulation of 303,993 copies. The circulation of the paper was 287,000 copies in 2001. It was 341,257 copies in 2002. In 2003 its circulation was 294,000 copies, making it the best selling newspaper in Belgium.

In 2009 *Het Laatste Nieuws* had a circulation of 287,162 copies. The approximate circulation of the paper was 370,000 copies in 2010.

Notable journalists
-------------------

* Piet Van Brabant (1932-2006)

Other websites
--------------

* Official website
* Newspapers in the class room Archived 2006-05-09 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch)
Karol Szymanowski (1922)
**Karol Maciej Szymanowski** (6 October 1882 - 29 March 1937) was a Polish composer. Next to Frederic Chopin, Karol was Poland's most famous composer. He is one of the greatest Polish composers of the first half of the 20th century.

Early life
----------

Szymanowski was born on his family's estate in Tymoszówka in what is today Ukraine. He studied in Berlin and Warsaw.

Music
-----

His music can be divided into three phases.

Early works before World War I showed his repertoire for the works of Frederic Chopin, Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss.

The second phase is influenced by the Orient and Mediterranean cultures. His music during this phase resulted in many of his best known compositions.

The third phase began in 1921. It has much that is similar to Polish folk themes. This work defined Polish themed music and is thought to include his greatest works. Initially, his music was not well accepted in Poland.

### Works

The works of Szymanowski include four symphonies, two violin concertos, the operas *Hagith* and *King Roger*, the ballet-pantomime *Harnasie*, the oratorio *Stabat Mater*, as well as many piano, violin, vocal and choral compositions. His most popular works was his ballet *Harnasie* and opera *King Roger*. "Harnasie" was first shown in Prague and later shown at the Paris Opera. It was received with acclamation and enthusiasm, both by critics and the public. Health and financial problems brought his work to an end in 1934. Szymanowski died after a short stay in a sanatorium in Lausanne, Switzerland.

* Karol Szymanowski's "Stabat Mater". Spanish Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra. Thomas Dausgaard, conductor. Live concert.

Death
-----

He died of tuberculosis in Lausanne, Switzerland on 28 March 1937. He was buried on 7 April 1937 at the cemetery for the Polish nobles, in Pauline in Krakow.
United States Marines in July 2010 help a Sri Lankan sailor to put on a 'Modular Tactical Vest'.
Ancient Greek body armor, ~ 350 B.C.
An American police officer wears a helmet and carries a riot shield. October 2002
Modern **body armour** (personal armour/armor or body armor) is protective clothing. It is designed to absorb and/or deflect slashing, bludgeoning, and penetrating attacks.

It was first used to protect soldiers, today it is used to protect riot police, private security guards and bodyguards. There are two different types of armour. There is regular non-plated personal armor used by most police, security guards and bodyguards. There is also hard-plate reinforced personal armor, which is used by combat soldiers, police tactical units and hostage rescue teams.

Armour is certainly very ancient, but it was little used in infantry warfare for quite a long time, with the exception of helmets. From about the 18th century to the Vietnam war, men fought relatively unprotected. The weight and cost of effective armour meant it was no longer practical to have infantrymen armoured.

The invention of carbon fibre, modern hard ceramics and various plastic compounds are suitable for light armour which is effective in many circumstances. Kevlar, Technora and Nomex are Aramids, which are long-chain aromatic polyamides. They are used to make bullet resistant vests and bullet resistant face masks. The PASGT helmet and vest used by United States military forces since the early 1980s both have Kevlar as a main component, as do their replacements. Most of these items have padding on the inside to act as shock-absorbers, and to increase comfort during while being worn.

So, with the lighter weight and increased stopping-power of personal armour, the modern soldier is once again protected against most of the weapons of the day.

In practice
-----------

In December 2009, during the War in Afghanistan, a British soldier in southern Helmand Province, survived a shot to the back during an operation to clear insurgents from a village, protected by the body armor kit he was wearing.

> (...) I was hit in the back by a single shot. It must have been from about 200–300 metres away. The round knocked me down in an instant, it felt like being hit by a sledge-hammer at full swing. I slammed into the dirt face down. (...) I was in agony, I certainly couldn't walk on my own (...) I think it was a 7.62mm round. That's a high calibre bullet to be hit by, but it shows you that the body armour works. I wouldn't be sitting here now telling you this story, if I wasn't wearing one. Thank you to whoever designed the body armour. If I ever meet them, I'd like to buy them a pint.
> 
> — Lance Sergeant Daniel Collins
The **NV Arena** is a football stadium in St. Pölten, the capital of Lower Austria. It is the home of the second division team SKN St. Pölten and the women team of the club. The women team is playing in the Planet Pure Frauen Bundesliga.It has a capacity of 8,000 spectators on covered seats. The stadiumis named after Niederösterreichische Versicherung (NV), an insurance company.

NV Arena
--------

The stadium is located in the Ratzersdorf district of St. Pölten on the grounds of the Lower Austria Sports Center. It is the eighth expansion stage (after a tennis hall, an ice rink, etc.).

The stadium has around 8,000 seats. 800 seats are VIP boxes and a business club. If necessary, the capacity can be expanded to 13,000 seats without major modifications .

The roof of the stadium is made of wood (both its primary and secondary construction). The playing field is directly followed by the spectator stands with twelve rows. They are completely covered. The NV Arena is surrounded by earthen walls. There is a photovoltaic system on the roof area which supply the stadium with electricity.

Next to the arena, 16 bus parking spaces, 50 disabled parking spaces, 800 car parking spaces and 500 bicycle spaces were built. The arena is connected to St. Pölten main station by the public bus line LUP line 7. The stadium can be reached by car via the Kremser Expressway (exit "St. Pölten Nord").
People in line to vote
Voter turnout is the number of votes given when casting a vote. This is usually the number of voters, people who are allowed to vote, or all voting age people. There is an agreement among political scientists that "democracies work better when more people vote."

Many things make a lot of differences in turnout rates. For example, simpler law-making democracies where voters get shorter ballots, fewer elections, and a multi-party system that makes accountability easier to see more voters than the ways to vote in the United States, Japan, and Switzerland.

Significance
------------

Some parts of society are more likely to vote than others. As the number of votes is near 90%, significant differences between voters and nonvoters become less important, but in lower turnout elections the differences between voters and nonvoters can be very big.

More importantly than changes in specific election decisions, voter turnout has very long-term effects on the way democracies work. For example, corruption makes less people vote, not allowing popular democratic changes like fast and safe elections.

Other factors
-------------

Other factors have the biggest impact on voter turnout. Making it illegal to not vote has a direct and big effect on turnout while adding barriers, such as a different registration process or unnecessarily scheduling many elections, decreases turnout. In addition, the closer democracies are to 'one person, one vote' makes more people vote because voters see that their vote has an impact. This can be seen in the higher voting rates of proportional law making democracies.
Seal of the U.S. Secret Service
Flag of the U.S. Secret Service
The **United States Secret Service** (simply known as **Secret Service**) is a federal law enforcement agency under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The agency is in charge with handling criminal investigations and protecting political leaders of the United States, their families, and visiting heads of state or government. The agency was under the United States Department of the Treasury until 2003.

History
-------

President Abraham Lincoln signed the legislation that established the Secret Service just hours before he was assassinated on April 14, 1865.

After the Assassination of President William McKinley in September 1901, U.S. Congress passed a federal law and directed the Secret Service to provide mandatory protection to the president.

Primary missions
----------------

The Secret Service is authorized by 18 U.S.C. § 3056(a) to protect:

* President of the United States
* Vice President of the United States
* First Lady of the United States
* Spouse of the Vice President
* President-elect
* Vice President-elect
* People in the presidential line of succession.
* The immediate family members such as children, grandchildren, stepchildren, in-laws etc.
* Former presidents and their spouses for the rest of their life, unless the spouse remarries.
* Children of former presidents under the age of 16.
* Visiting heads of state or government and their spouses.
* Major presidential and vice presidential candidates and their spouses
* Former vice presidents, their spouses up to six months after the former vice president leaves office.

The Secret Service also provides security for the White House, the Number One Observatory Circle, Treasury Department building and private residences of the president and former presidents.

Other missions
--------------

The Secret Service is tasked with protecting the financial systems of the United States and cyber-based crime such as, counterfeit money, bank and financial fraud, mail fraud, and wire fraud.
**Siegfried Joksch** (4 July 1917 – 29 April 2006) was an Austrian football player. He played as midfielder mainly for FK Austria Wien. He also played for the Austrian national football team.

Casreer
-------

Joksch began his career with SK Admira Wien. This was one of the top teams in Austria at the time. Joksch won the championship title and the cup competition with the team. In 1937 he moved to Austria Wien. With Austria he won the championship twice. He also won two cup finals.

International
-------------

He played 22 matches for the Austrian national football team. His debut was on 6 December 1945 in a 4-1 win versus France. His last match was a 3-3 draw versus Switzerland on 19 March 1950.

Manager
-------

After finishing his active career, he briefly coached Kapfenberger SV. Then he retired from top-level football.

Honours
-------

* 6 × Austrian champion: 1932, 1934, 1936, 1937 (Admira), 1949, 1950 (Austria)
* 4 × Austrian Cup: 1932, 1934 (Admira), 1948, 1949 (Austria)
**Fatima-Zahra Hafdi** (born 25 August 1987), known by her stage name **La Zarra**, is a Canadian-Moroccan singer who lives in France. She is known for representing France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023.

Music career
------------

La Zarra began her music career in 2016, when she released her debut single "Printemps blanc", in collaboration with French rapper Niro. In 2021, she became popular with the single "Tu t'en iras", which was was certified platinum by the SNEP. 

La Zarra became known across Europe when she was chosen to represent France in the 2023 Eurovision Contest with the song "Évidemment". She finished in 16th place out of 26 finalists. She responded to her result with a middle finger to the camera on live TV, which was controversial.

In August 2023, La Zarra was a guest celebrity judge in the semi-final of the French version of *Drag Race*. She won the Revelation of the Year at the 33rd SOCAN Awards.

Sources
-------

1. ↑  "La Zarra – Biographie : naissance, parcours, famille..." *njr.fr* (in French). Retrieved 2023-01-14.
2. ↑  "La Zarra will represent France at Eurovision 2023". *eurovision.tv*. 12 January 2023. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
3. ↑  "La Zarra criticized by France Télévisions". *ESCXTRA.com*. 2023-06-21. Retrieved 2023-10-19.
**Digestion** is the process of breaking down food to absorb it. Food is broken down into smaller pieces, which are soluble in water. Only then can the food be absorbed into the bloodstream.

Digestion happens in three phases. Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces, which are made by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use. Finally, the nutrients are absorbed into the blood stream. Once in the blood stream, the nutrients are taken to the liver, which is a kind of chemical factory for the body.

After we swallow food, it travels down a muscular tube to the stomach. There, it is mashed into a mixture like soup. The mixture passes into the small intestine, where tiny bits of food pass into the bloodstream. The food that is still left goes into the large intestine. Finally, waste products leave the body. Digestion usually takes about 18 hours. Food stays in the stomach for about three hours. If uncoiled, the small intestine would be about six meters (20 feet) long. Many digestive tracts are about as long as a bus.

Food slowly enters the small intestine from the stomach. This is where nutrients are taken into the blood. It then enters the large intestine. Water is taken away from it. The food that is left is called feces. The feces are stored in the rectum until the waste can leave the body through the anus.

Organs
------

* Mouth
	+ Tooth
	+ Salivary gland
		- Parotid gland
		- Submandibular gland
		- Sublingual gland
	+ Tongue
	+ Palate
		- Hard palate
		- Soft palate
		- Uvula
* Pharynx
* Epiglottis
* Oesophagus
* Stomach
* Small intestine
	+ Duodenum
	+ Jejunum
	+ Ileum
* Large intestine
	+ Cecum
	+ Colon
* Rectum
* Anus
* Appendix
* Liver
* Biliary tract
* Pancreas

Other websites
--------------

* Human Physiology - Digestion Archived 2011-10-31 at the Wayback Machine
* NIH guide to digestive system Archived 2006-08-10 at the Wayback Machine
Updrafts lead to the formation of clouds.
Clouds that form in the air are called updrafts, known as converging air, are caused by the dew point. Warm water evaporates, then condenses, forming clouds. 

From the dew point, the water can evaporate to gas, called water vapor. Visible or invisible gas rises to the air, forming these cotton candy-like white or gray clouds in the air.

Evaporation
-----------

Evaporation is caused by: 
1. Solar energy
2. Kinetic energy

Condensation
------------

After the warm, moist air reaches the atmosphere, it transforms. Condensation occurs when warm, moist air reaches where the clouds are, the air cools down then becomes a cloud. 

1. Cirrus cloud
2. Cumulus cloud
3. Stratus cloud

Precipitation clouds
1. Cumulonimbus cloud
2. Nimbostratus cloud

Middle-altitude clouds
1. Altocirrus cloud
2. Altocumulus cloud
3. Altostratus cloud

Dew point
---------

Dew points depend on evaporation and the point that something freezes, might be the most important item, the dew point is affected on air humidity, the more moisture, the higher the dew point.

Related pages
-------------

* Deposition (phase transition)
* Condensation
* Sublimation
Painting by Sir Charles Bell, 1809, showing a patient suffering from tetanus
**Tetanus** (or **lockjaw**) is a disease that leads to muscle contractions that stay that way for some time.

Infection generally occurs through wound contamination, and often involves a cut or deep puncture wound. The main symptoms are caused by tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin produced by the anaerobic bacterium *Clostridium tetani*. As the infection goes on, muscle spasms develop in the jaw. This is usually followed by problems with swallowing. The disease leads to muscle stiffness and spasms in other parts of the body. Infection can be prevented by proper immunization and by post-exposure prophylaxis.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Tetanus***.

* Tetanus Information from Medline Plus
* Tetanus Symptoms Archived 2013-07-19 at the Wayback Machine
* Tetanus Surveillance -- United States, 1998-2000 (Data and Analysis)

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Authority control: National Edit this at Wikidata | 
* Spain
* France
* BnF data
* Germany
* Israel
* United States
* Japan
* Czech Republic

 |
**Jesus with erection** is a picture that was made by students at the University of Oregon and published in the March 2006 edition of the *Student Insurgent*. It caused debates in the United States in 2006. The picture shows a naked Jesus Christ on the Cross with an erection.

Context
-------

In 2005 the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The paper said that this was to add to the debate about criticism of Islam and self-censorship. Danish-Muslims said that they did not like them because Islam teaches that it is wrong for people to make any picture of Muhammad and also because they felt that the pictures showed disrespect to Muhammad. This led to protests in many Islamic countries, some of which became violent and led to more than 100 deaths.

The students of the University of Oregon said that they made the pictures of Jesus because they want to show how people who are religious feel when people make pictures that may be offensive to Jesus. They wanted to get Muslims and Christians to talk and understand each other better.

Reactions
---------

Some people disliked the picture of Jesus with erection. The president of the Catholic League, William Donohue, said that the president of the Oregon University, Dave Frohnmayer, is partially responsible for the pictures. William Donohue said that the picture was one of the worst attacks on Christianity he had ever seen. Other people who disliked the picture said that the University's President David B. Frohnmayer should not work for the University any more. However, the Oregon Daily Emerald and the Oregon Commentator, said that the students' right to free speech and the University's decision to defend the student newspaper, citing the decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States like the Southworth case. This case said that universities could support student groups (such as newspapers) that other students did not agree with without hurting the rights of the students who do not like the groups.

Related pages
-------------

* Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy

Other websites
--------------

* The Student Insurgent Online
Kurt Schumacher
**Kurt Schumacher** (born 13 October 1895 in Kulm, West Prussia (now Chełmno in Poland) - died 20 August 1952 in Bonn) was a German politician. He was leader of the SPD from 1946 to 1952 and speaker of the SPD in the Bundestag 1949-1952.

Schumacher was the son of a salesman. When World War I started, he left school to join the German army. In December 1914, he was badly hurt. His arm had to be removed. After this, he went back to school in Berlin to study Law and politics. While there, he became a socialist. In 1924, he was elected to the legislature in Württemberg. He became the SPD leader for Württemberg in 1928. In 1930, he was elected to the national legislature, the Reichstag.

After the Nazis took control of Germany, Schumacher was arrested. He was beaten badly in prison. He was put into concentration camps for the next ten years. In 1943, Schumacher was set free because of his bad health. He was arrested again in 1944 and stayed in the concentration camps until the British set them free in April 1945.

After the World War II, Schumacher put the SPD back together. He was first chief of the Social democrats in West Germany after the WWII. He was also their first speaker in the federal parliament (Bundestag) and first leader of opposition in the Bundestag.

In 1952, Schumacher died in Bonn.

  


| * v
* t
* e
Chairmen of the Social Democratic Party of Germany |
| --- |
| SPD (1890-1933) | Paul Singer/Alwin Gerisch · August Bebel/Paul Singer · August Bebel/Hugo Haase · Hugo Haase/Friedrich Ebert · Friedrich Ebert · Friedrich Ebert/Philipp Scheidemann · Otto Wels/Herman Müller · Arthur Crispien/Otto Wels/Herman Müller · Arthur Crispien/Otto Wels · Arthur Crispien/Otto Wels/Hans Vogel |  |
| SPD-in-exile (SoPaDe) (1933-1945) | Otto Wels/Hans Vogel · Hans Vogel |
| SPD (since 1946) | Kurt Schumacher · Erich Ollenhauer · Willy Brandt · Hans-Jochen Vogel · Björn Engholm · Johannes Rau · Rudolf Scharping · Oskar Lafontaine · Gerhard Schröder · Franz Müntefering · Matthias Platzeck · Kurt Beck · Franz Müntefering · Sigmar Gabriel · Martin Schulz · Olaf Scholz (Acting) · Andrea Nahles · Saskia Esken / Norbert Walter-Borjans |
The Guardian logo
**The Guardian** is a British newspaper. It is published every day, except on Sunday. It is owned by the same company as **The Observer**, which only publishes on Sunday. *The Guardian* is edited by Katharine Viner.

History
-------

*The Guardian* archive
The newspaper was founded in 1821. It was founded by textile traders and merchants. The Guardian was seen as "an organ of the middle class", or, in the words of C.P. Scott's son Ted, "a paper that will remain bourgeois to the last". In 2005, Sir Max Hastings stated that he writes for *The Guardian* "because it is read by the new establishment", reflecting the paper's growing influence.

Until 1959 *The Guardian* was called *The Manchester Guardian*.

Three of the four people who wrote leaders for the *Guardian* joined the Social Democratic Party on its foundation in 1982. The paper supported Tony Blair when he wanted to lead the Labour Party and to become Prime Minister.

In 1999 theguardian.com started. At the time it was a website called Guardian Unlimited.

Characteristics
---------------

*The Guardian* describes itself as centre-left.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***The Guardian (newspaper)***.

Wikisource has original writing related to this article:
***The Manchester Guardian***

* Official website Edit this at Wikidata
* History of the Guardian
* Founding of the *Manchester Guardian*
* Works by The Guardian at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)

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* VIAF
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| National | 
* France
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| Other | 
* MusicBrainz label
* IdRef

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* Guardian Newspaper (e-paper) Archived 2022-02-23 at the Wayback Machine
**Philip Martin Brown** (born 9 July 1956) is an English actor. He is best known for portraying the role of Grantly Budgen in the BBC school-based drama series *Waterloo Road* (2006–2013); making him the longest-serving cast member in the show's history. In addition to his work on *Waterloo Road*, he has also made appearances in various British television series, including *A Horseman Riding By*, *EastEnders*, *The Bill*, *Wing and a Prayer*, *City Central*, *Cutting It*, *Casualty*, *Doctors*, *Coronation Street*, *Death Comes to Pemberley*, *The Worst Witch* and *Holby City*.

Personal life and awards
------------------------

He attended Barrow-in-Furness Grammar School for Boys where his favourite subject was English. At the end of his fifth year, Brown was asked to leave the school, later stating that he was a "dreadful troublemaker". He lives in Paddock Wood, Kent, with his wife. They have two children.

In 2010, Brown was nominated for the Best Actor prize in the 2010 *TV Choice* Awards, and won it three years in a row.

He is an ex-epileptic and had to leave the stage until he underwent brain surgery which has left him seizure-free for 22 years. He is an ambassador for the charity Young Epilepsy.

Other websites
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* Philip Martin Brown on IMDb
**Drina Martyrs** were Catholic nuns of the Congregation of the Daughters of Divine Charity. They were killed in Bosnia and Herzegovina between December 15 and 23, 1941 because of their religion.

István Tápai: Drina Martyrs (2010).
István Tápai (2010): *Drińskie męczennice*.

Life and death
--------------

Their names were Marija Jula (Kata) Ivanišević, Marija Bernadeta (Terezija) Banja, Marija Krizina (Josefa) Bojanc, Marija Antonija (Josefa) Fabjan and Maria Berchmana (Carolina Anna) Leidenix. They died in Goražde and near Sjetlina in 1941. They are beatified in Sarajevo on 24th September, 2010.

Further reading
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* Franc Ksaver Meško: *Izbrano delo I-VI* Mohorjeva družba v Celju (1954–1960)
* Anto Baković: *Drinske mučenice, Vlastita svjedočanstva, Svjedočanstva očividaca, Dokumenti,* Anto Baković, Sarajevo 1990.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Drina Martyrs***.

| Persondata |
| --- |
| Name | Drina Martyrs |
| Alternative names |  |
| Short description | Christian saints and martyrs |
| Date of birth |  |
| Place of birth | (now:) Slovenia, Croatia, Austria |
| Date of death | December 23, 1941 |
| Place of death | Goražde, NDH (Independent State of Croatia; now: Bosnia and Herzegovina) |
**Internet Protocol TV** (**IPTV**) is the delivery of television content over Internet. With cable or satellite TV, broadcasters send out signals and viewers receive them—you’re only able to watch what’s being broadcasted. IPTV is different. Instead of transmitting content via light pulses in fiber-optic cable or radio waves from a satellite, IPTV sends shows and movies through your standard internet connection.

1. What is IPTV?
----------------

In its simplest form, IPTV delivers television content over a closed network using the Internet Protocol (IP) instead of traditional satellite signal or cable TV formats.

This means that instead of your television provider sending a signal to your TV via a physical cable, that signal is instead sent over the internet. This has a few advantages – most notably, it allows you to view television content anywhere you have an internet connection.

It also opens up new possibilities regarding content delivery, Interactivity, and impossible features with traditional television formats.

2. How does IPTV work?
----------------------

IPTV is a video-streaming technology that delivers television programs over the internet. IPTV provides television content using the internet protocol suite instead of being delivered through traditional terrestrial, satellite signal, or cable television formats.

IP-based television allows for a more customized experience for users. It also enables service providers to offer more features such as video on demand (VOD), interactive applications, and games. In addition, IPTV can be integrated with other types of broadband services, such as internet telephony and data over cable service (DOCSIS).

3. The benefits of an IPTV service – Properly
---------------------------------------------

An IPTV service offers several benefits for those looking to improve their property. The most apparent use is receiving television channels without needing a satellite dish or cable box. This can save you both time and money. as you will no longer need to pay installation or equipment rental fees.

Additionally, an IPTV connection usually provides a clearer picture than a traditional cable or satellite, using your home’s existing broadband internet connection. This also means you can watch TV on any compatible device connected to your network, including smartphones, tablets, and laptops. And because IPTV services are delivered over the internet, you can often sign up for a package that includes international channels, giving you access to a wider range of programming than what is available through traditional providers.
Subscribe to The Amazer Guys on YouTube.

Design
------

It is made of a U-shaped glass tube with two separate temperature scales. There is a scale on each arm of the U. One is for recording the maximum temperature and the other for the minimum temperature. The arms of the U-shaped tube end in sealed glass bulbs. The bulb at the top of the minimum reading scale arm is full of alcohol, the other tube contains a vacuum (or low pressure alcohol vapour).

How it works
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In the bend of the U is a bit of mercury, a metal that is liquid at room temperature. This is pushed around by the thermal expansion and contraction of the alcohol in the first bulb as it responds to the outside temperature. The vacuum in the other bulb allows free movement of the alcohol and mercury. It is the metal indices that measures the temperature; the mercury shows the temperature reading on both scales. This is unlike a normal mercury thermometer, in which the expansion and contraction of mercury itself indicate temperature.

The maximum and minimum readings are recorded by two small steel markers which are sprung into the capillary tube so that they can slide, but only if a force is applied to them, either by being pushed by the mercury or under the influence of an external magnet.

Before a new maximum or minimum reading can be taken, the thermometer must be reset by moving the markers to the top of the mercury. This is usually done by hand with a small magnet to slide them along the tube. Any change in temperature after that will push one of the markers along with it. 

If the temperature rises, the maximum scale marker will be pushed. If it falls, the moving mercury will push the minimum scale marker. As the temperature varies, the markers will remain in their positions unless the temperature becomes higher (for maximum) or lower (for minimum) than already recorded, in which case the relevant marker is pushed further. For this reason, the markers record the furthest point reached by the mercury in each arm of the tube. This corresponds to the highest and lowest temperatures since the last reset. Typically the thermometer is reset every day to measure temperature changes.
**Fatima Zakaria** (17 February 1936 – 6 April 2021) used to be the editor of the Mumbai Times, and became the Sunday editor of The Times of India. Zakaria is also the editor of the *Taj* magazine of the Taj Hotels. Her office is in the Taj Mahal Hotel in Mumbai.

Family
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She is the second widow of Rafiq Zakaria, who was an Indian politician and Islamic religious cleric.

Fatima Zakaria is the step-mother of 2 children. The eldest, Tasneem Zakaria Mehta, is an art historian and writer, living in Mumbai. The second, is Mansoor Zakaria. Her full son Arshad Zakaria runs a hedge fund. Her youngest full son Fareed Zakaria is an editor of Newsweek, and host of Fareed Zakaria GPS on CNN.

Career
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Rafiq Zakaria established The Maulana Azad Education Trust in the historic city of Aurangabad Maharashtra India. It was his Assembly Constituency from which he got elected a few times and served as a Minister in the State cabinet. Fatima transformed those educational institutions in Aurangabad to such an extent that they can be compared with the best centres of learning in Asia.

Zakaria joined the Taj Group of Hotels to establish the first rate five star Hotel, The Taj Residency, on the campus of The Maulana Azad Education Trust in Aurangabad. She became editor of the coffee table magazine *Taj*. Thereafter, she introduced a Hotel Management Course in alliance with a British University. The course is acknowledged as the finest and most respected in India.[*by whom?*] She is on the board of Indian Institute of Hotel Management Aurangabad 

She is in the process of establishing a Centre for Higher Learning on the lines of Centre for Advanced Studies, Shimla. It will become functional from June 2010 and will help genuine scholars and academicians to carry on research activities. The upcoming Centre will also launch two research journals, one for Social Sciences and the other for Natural and Exact Sciences. Zakaria, is regarded as a secularist, however she takes special care to cater to the educational needs of the Muslims.

The award Padma Shri was conferred on her by the Government of India in 2006.
**Trident Media Guard** (TMG) is a French company based in Saint-Sébastien-sur-Loire near Nantes. Founded in 2002 by Alain Guislain and Bastien Casalta, TMG specializes in software designed to prevent unauthorized file copying over the Internet. The company aims to provide services to major publishing companies in the recording and film industry, helping them combat revenue loss from illegal downloads on peer-to-peer networks.

TMG works in collaboration with various entities, including Canal Plus, LFP, France Télévisions, and the music and film industry. It was selected in 2010 to address copyright infringements on the Internet as part of the HADOPI law, which involved identifying IP addresses of users engaged in illegal downloading and reporting the information to HADOPI.

The company gained attention in 2011 when a server security breach exposed personal data and processing scripts. As a result, TMG underwent audits by CNIL, HADOPI, and HSC, and experienced a disruption in communication with HADOPI. The conclusions of these audits were not publicly disclosed.

TMG, along with Thierry Lhermitte, received the Special Mention prize Orwell Internet at the Big Brother Awards 2010, recognizing their efforts in protecting online rights.
Don Quixote and his squire, Sancho Panza, Illustration by Gustave Doré
***Don Quixote*** is a novel by Miguel de Cervantes. The book was published in two parts (1605 and 1615). It was first written in Spanish. Soon afterwards it was translated to English by Thomas Shelton. It is considered by many scholars to be the first modern novel.[*source?*] The main character, Don Quixote, is a paragon of chivalry, but in a deeply flawed and impractical way. Don Quixote is so influential as a character that the word "quixotic" is used to describe his type of behavior.

The story is about Alonso Quixano, a rich middle-aged man. Quixano, having read many tales about chivalry and knights, goes crazy and believes that he is a knight named Don Quixote. He rides around the country with his squire, Sancho, having adventures. He believes his adventures are real, but everyone else laughs at him.

One of the most famous stories in the book is Don Quixote's fight with windmills. He sees some windmills and thinks they are giants. When he rides to fight with them, he is knocked off his horse. Sancho tells him they are only windmills, but Don Quixote does not believe him. He is sure a magician changed windmills into the giants to hurt him.

At the end of the book, Alonso Quixano returns home, hurt badly. He becomes sane again, then dies.
The Bodhi Tree at the Mahabodhi Temple. Propagated from the Sri Maha Bodhi, which in turn is propagated from the original Bodhi Tree at this location.
A direct clone descendant of the Bodhi tree, planted at Foster Botanical Garden in Honolulu, Hawaii
The **Bodhi Tree** was a large and very old sacred fig tree (*Ficus religiosa*), which grew at the Mahabodhi Temple at Bodh Gaya. Siddhartha Gautama, the spiritual teacher and founder of Buddhism, later known as Gautama Buddha, achieved *Bodhi* (spiritual enlightenment) while sitting under this tree. The Bodhi tree is easily recognised because of its heart-shaped leaves.

The word "Bodhi tree" is also applied to some existing trees, particularly the Sacred Fig growing at the Mahabodhi Temple, which is probably a direct descendant of the original tree. This tree is a frequent place for pilgrims to visit, being the most important of the four holy sites for Buddhists.

Historical events
-----------------

The Bodhi tree at the Mahabodhi Temple is called the Sri MahaBodhi. According to Buddhism, after his Enlightenment, Buddha spent a whole week in front of the tree, standing with unblinking eyes, gazing at it with gratitude. A shrine was later built where he had stood.

The spot was used as a shrine even in the lifetime of Buddha, the only shrine that could be so used. King Asoka held a festival every year in its honor in the month of Kattika. His queen, Tissarakkhā, was jealous of the Tree, and three years after she became queen (i.e. in the nineteenth year of Asoka's reign), she caused the tree to be killed by means of mandu thorns. The tree, however, grew again, and a great monastery was attached to the Bodhimanda called the Bodhimanda Vihara. Among those present at the foundation of the Mahā Thūpa are mentioned thirty thousand monks from the Bodhimanda Vihara, led by Cittagutta.

### To Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka

Some part of the Bodhi Tree was sent to Sri Lanka by Ashoka. It was planted in 288 BC, making it the oldest verified specimen of any plant. In this year (the twelfth year of King Asoka's reign) the right branch of the Bodhi tree was brought by Sanghamittā to Anurādhapura and placed by Devānāmpiyatissa in the Mahāmeghavana. Buddha, on his death bed, had resolved "Mahavamsa" From Gayā, the branch was taken to Pātaliputta, then to Tāmalittī, where it was placed in a ship and taken to Jambukola, across the sea; finally it arrived at Anuradhapura, staying on the way at Tivakka. 

### The trees of other Buddhas

According to the Ceylon Chronicles (e.g. Mhv.xv), branches from the Bodhi trees of all the Buddhas born during this kalpa were planted in Ceylon on the spot where the sacred Bodhi tree stands today in Anurādhapura. The branch of Kakusandha's tree was brought by a nun called Rucānandā, Konagamana's by Kantakānandā (or Kanakadattā), and Kassapa's by Sudhammā.

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Ficus religiosa***.

* The Bodhi-Tree Meditation
* History of Bodhi-Tree[*permanent dead link*]