recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**The Nokia 7650** is an mobile phone that was developed for the Nokia Corporation. It was announced on 19 November 2001. The phone was released on June 29, 2002 and was discontinued on January 30, 2007. It was followed by the Nokia 7700 and Nokia 7710.

Development history
-------------------

The production of the Nokia 3395 stopped on April 2, 2002 in the United Kingdom and Canada. In North America, The Nokia Corporation started developing a new phone on May 6, 2002 and announced it on May 10, 2002. The Nokia 7650 was announced at the Mobile World Congress on June 3, 2002. The Nokia 7650 contained a new user interface, and was released on June 29, 2002.

### Discontinuation

In January 30, 2007, after the release of the Nokia 6300, Nokia Corporation stopped selling the Nokia 7650 worldwide.

Functions and design
--------------------

### CD-DVD and interface

Nokia 7650 can use a CD-DVD Drive, and it was also based off the Nokia 6230, Nokia 6303 classic and Nokia 6700 classic. Nokia 7650 has a swipe keyboard and two call buttons.

### User interface

The Monterey Bay in Monterey, California taken by a Nokia 7650.
The Nokia 7650 can use two Dual SIM cards or memory cards. With the swipe keyboard, on which someone can swipe out the words you want to text with a finger, it's possible to dial, call, take photos and more much quicker than the normal type of phone keyboard.

Reception
---------

The Nokia 7650 performed well as The Verge claimed on June 8, 2003 in Los Angeles, California.[*source?*] In June 7, 2009, Nokia's CEO at the time, Risto Silasmaa, remarked how it was launched for businesses, banks, and families.[*source?*]

Related pages
-------------

* Nokia 6300
* Nokia 3310
* Nokia 6700 classic

| * v
* t
* e
Nokia platforms |
| --- |
| Operating systems | 
* Maemo
* MeeGo
* Nokia Asha Platform
* Nokia X Platform
* Smart Feature OS
* Symbian

 |
| Software frameworks | 
* Series 20
* Series 30
* Series 30+
* Series 40
* Series 60 (N-Gage)
* Series 80
* Series 90

 |
| Related Articles | 
* Accredited Symbian Developer
* Carbide.c++
* Qt
* Symbian Foundation

 |
**Hans Moleman** is a character in The Simpsons. His voice is from Dan Castellaneta, and was first seen at the episode "Principal Charming". He is in a running gag, where he usually suffers bad, nearly always sad, events.

Role in The Simpsons
--------------------

### Biography

Hans Moleman is the retconned name of the character. He looks old, but he claims to be only 31 years old, (in 1993's "Selma's Choice", his driver's license says he was born August 2, 1961, and in "Duffless", Moleman confessed his real age at an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting, implying that his ugly appearance has been caused by severe alcoholism) but Moleman was in the Springfield Retirement Home in Season 10's "The Old Man and the "C" Student". In the episode Little Girl in the Big Ten in season 13, he said he was eighty years old. He has cataracts and is almost completely blind (which has messed up his reading ability and has led to revokings of his driver's license over and over) and has used medical marijuana. He always has a brown cane, that once had a sword in it.
**Progressive rock** is a type of rock music with complicated musical technique and composition. This means that the tempo, time signature, and style can change many times in a single song.

Most normal rock songs follow a very simple pattern in the way they are arranged. This pattern is a verse followed by a chorus, then a different verse, and then the same chorus. Progressive rock is more complicated than this, and can require more skill to play.

Origins
-------

Progressive rock was first made in the late 1960s, but became most popular in the 1970s. It continues to be popular today, too. Progressive rock began in England and spread throughout Europe. It remains most popular in Europe, but there are several notable American and Canadian progressive rock bands. This genre was influenced by classical music and jazz fusion. Over the years, different sub-genres of progressive rock have been created, such as symphonic rock, art rock, math rock, and progressive metal.

Progressive rock artists wished to create music that was not limited to the structures of common popular rock and pop music. They wanted to make rock music that "progressed" to the complexity of jazz and classical music by creating a more serious, complex and sophisticated type of rock music. Progressive rock bands may have influences from psychedelic rock, folk music, traditional music, world music, and jazz or jazz fusion. It is also referred to as "prog rock" as an abbreviation, or as "Hobbit rock" because of frequent medieval or fantasy themes in the lyrics.

Progressive rock bands write and play songs that have many changes during each song. Regular rock songs have verses and a chorus, but progressive songs can have many different sections. For example, instead of having verses and choruses, progressive rock songs may have many different musical themes, solos, and musical moods. A typical progressive song might have a form such as: Introduction-Verse-Chorus-instrumental section-New verse-New chorus-Instrumental section-Ending.
Because of their depth and complexity, progressive rock songs are not played on pop music radio very often.

Bands
-----

Some of the important progressive rock bands from the late 1960s and early 1970s include The Moody Blues, Jethro Tull; Yes, Genesis; Pink Floyd; Emerson; Lake & Palmer; Rush; Gentle Giant; Kansas: Happy The Man; Van der Graaf Generator, and King Crimson.

Ian Anderson, of Jethro Tull, was among the more flamboyant progressive rock personalities

Characteristics of progressive rock
-----------------------------------

Progressive rock is difficult to define, because progressive rock bands often play different types of progressive rock music which sound different. There are some common elements that are in most progressive rock band music, such as long, complex songs, unusual time signatures, unusual instruments or ways of using them, and use of improvisation, which means making up or inventing music while playing on stage.

Albums by progressive rock groups are often concept albums. In a concept album, the songs have a common theme, are arranged in a certain order and often tell a story or represent a larger concept.
The **Martín Fierro Awards** are the television and radio awards in Argentina, organized by the Argentine Association of Television and Radio Journalists (**APTRA**).

Since its first edition in 1959, the Martín Fierro awards have been considered the most relevant and recognized awards for Argentine television and radio within the country.

Reviews
-------

They were given for the first time in 1959. In addition, prizes are awarded to the best of cable television and to the best of the interior of the country. Likewise, since 2018, the Martín Fierro Digital Awards have been awarded, which reward content creators on digital platforms. 

The ceremony, which takes place every year, is usually accompanied by a dinner, and brings together celebrities and stars of the Argentine show business. Most of the broadcasts were made live, achieving high audience levels and also controversies that reverberated before, during and after the event.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Martín Fierro Awards***.
A **Minister** can be a Member of Parliament, or a Clergyman (person who works as a Minister in the Church). This article talks about a Minister as a Member of Parliament.

What is a minister?
-------------------

In the United Kingdom and other countries that follow the Westminster System, a Minister is a Member of Parliament who has a special role dealing with a certain area of Government. In the British Government, there are Ministers for lots of different things, like Children, Work & Pensions and Culture, Media & Sport. There are descriptions (things that describe) of what these people do at the bottom of this page.

Ministers in the government report to the Prime Minister, who also tells them what they need to do in relation to their jobs. The Deputy Prime Minister also reports to the Prime Minister.

Other Ministers, even though they are not called Ministers, include the Foreign Secretary, and the Home Secretary.

What describes these jobs?
--------------------------

**Minister for Children**

The Minister for Children looks after children's rights - these are laws which take care of how children are treated by their parents or guardians (a guardian is someone who looks after a child when their parents are not able to), and their care in society. The job means that this Minister has a special role in the lives of all children in the UK.

**Minister for Work and Pensions**

This Minister looks after jobs (Employment) and money given to people who are in need (Welfare Benefits). They set the rules saying what people who have no job must do to try and get one, and how much money people who have no job or are in need, get to live on. The Minister also sets rules about what happens to people who do not do enough to find a job, or who break the law by working while they are getting Welfare Benefits.

**Minister for Culture, Media and Sport**

This Minister has a special role which means they promote (make popular) British Culture and Traditions. They also take care of Broadcasting laws and laws about what newspapers and television stations can and canno do. Also, they have a duty to promote sporting activities which take place in Britain and help the government attract major sports events to Britain (the recent decision to let Britain host the Olympic Games in 2012 is an example of this).

There are a lot of other Ministers in the Government, and you can find out about them by writing to the *Houses of Parliament'* in London. Their address is:

**The Houses of Parliament**

**Westminster**

**London**

**SW1A 0AA**

What about other countries?
---------------------------

Other countries also have Ministers who, like those in Britain, deal with special things related to how people live. You can find out about them by looking at the Wikipedia in your own country.
**Harold S. Conway** (ハロルド・コンウェイ *Harorudo Conuei*, May 24, 1911 - December 19, 1996) was an American tax advisor and actor. He appeared frequently in Japanese movies and television between the 1950s and 1970s. He was one of a trio of foreign actors appearing frequently in Toho's Showa era productions, along with Andrew Hughes and Osman Yusuf. Delivering his lines in both English and Japanese, he was perhaps best recognized for his role as Dr. Immelman in *The Mysterians*, a part which he reprised for the movie's 1959 sequel, *Battle in Outer Space*. Conway acted in his last known role in 1975's *I Am a Cat*, and died sometime during 1996.

Life
----

A tax accountant living in Japan who somehow managed to play in multiple movies over a span of 20 years, speaking both English and Japanese as the occasion required. He is best remembered in Japan for his role in *The Mysterians* (1957) as Dr. Immelman, the creator of the Markalite FAHPs used against the titular aliens; apparently his Japanese in that role, delivered with the appropriate theatricality, was considered impressive for a non-Japanese speaking actor.

Conway appeared with other English-speaking actors in scenes filmed for *Godzilla vs. the Thing* (1964) that were not included in the original Japanese version, but *were* shown in other English-speaking markets.

Other websites
--------------

* Harold Conway on IMDb
**Michael Oliver** (born 20 February 1985) is an English professional football referee from Ashington, Northumberland. His county FA is the Northumberland Football Association. He belongs to the Select Group of Referees in England and officiates primarily in the Premier League. He received his FIFA badge in 2012, allowing him to officiate in major international matches. Oliver was appointed to take charge of the final of the 2015 FIFA U-17 World Cup. Oliver was promoted to the UEFA Elite Group of Referees in 2018. He is also a Newcastle United supporter.

Career
------

Born in Ashington, Northumberland, Oliver was introduced refereeing by his father, Clive, at the age of 14. He quickly progressed through the ranks and was promoted to the National List of Referees in 2007; he refereed the 2007 Conference National play-off Final, becoming the youngest football referee to officiate at Wembley Stadium. In addition he had already become the youngest Football League assistant referee, and would also become the youngest fourth official in the Premier League.

Family Oliver enjoyed a unique refereeing double when father Clive took charge of the 2009 League Two play-off Final and Michael officiated the next day at the 2009 League One play-off Final.

Some questions have been asked why Michael Oliver doesn’t like to be sent to the monitor by the VAR ref after allegedly not seeing the clear foul on Liverpools Alexis Mac Allister even though it was right in front of him. The very strange behaviour and decision making from Oliver has resulted in the 23/24 PL title race taking a different trajectory. Odd,very odd.
**Pilar Vélez Vicente** ( Barcelona, February 2, 1957 ), is an art historian and cultural manager. From 2012 until his retirement in 2022, he was the director of the Design Museum of Barcelona,  the product of the integration of the collections of the Decorative Arts Museum, the Ceramics Museum, the Museum Textile and Clothing and the city's Graphic Arts Office. Pilar Vélez replaced Marta Montmany in the position, who retired during the spring of 2012.

Biography
---------

In 1986 she obtained a doctorate in history of art from the University of Barcelona. From 1986 to 1994, she was director of the Museum of Graphic Arts.  From 1995 until 2012, Pilar Vélez was director of the Frederic Marès Museum, a period during which the Museum reaffirmed itself as a reference center for sculpture and collecting. In 2011, the renovation and modernization project started in 1996 ended, which has given the museum an image and exhibition conditions in accordance with both current museographic requirements and the needs of heritage.

Likewise, Pilar Vélez has been the driving force behind a line of research and publications from her holdings, as well as new readings of her collections through a contemporary perspective. The ACCA has awarded one of its 2012 Awards to the Frederic Marès Museum renovation project. Since 1996 she has been a member of the Royal Catalan Academy of Fine Arts of Sant Jordi and since 2007 of the Barcelona Academy of Fine Arts. 

Academic librarian from 1998 to 2014. Director of the Bulletin from 2004 to 2012.

Works
-----

* *Eudald Pradell i la tipografia espanyola del segle XVIII* (1989)
* *El llibre com a obra d'art a la Catalunya vuitcentista. 1850-1910* (1989)
* *Xilografies de Josep Obiols* (1990)
* *Aproximació a l'obra gràfica de Subirachs* (1993)
* *Centenari Josep Obiols (1984-1994)* (1994)
* *J. Fín (1916-1969)* (1999)
* *Joies Masriera. 200 anys d'història* (1999)
* *Catàleg del Museu de Llotja. Reial Acadèmia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi. II- Escultura i medalles* (2001)
* *Lluís Masriera* (2002)
* *L'exaltació del llibre al Vuitcents. Art, indústria i consum a Barcelona* (ed) (2008).

Other websites
--------------

* "Pilar Vélez Vicente". *Dialnet* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-03-25.
A park covered in snow during winter
Winter in Siberia
A cloud the snow as winter
The houses the winter
**Winter** is one of the four seasons and it is the coldest time of the year. The days are shorter, and the nights are longer. Winter comes after autumn and before spring.

Winter begins at the winter solstice. In the Northern Hemisphere the winter solstice is usually December 21 or December 22. In the Southern Hemisphere the winter solstice is usually June 21 or June 22.

Some animals hibernate during this season. In temperate climates there are no leaves on deciduous trees. People wear warm clothing, and eat food that was grown earlier. Many places have snow in winter, and some people use sleds or skis. Holidays in winter for many countries include Christmas and New Year's Day.

The name comes from an old Germanic word that means "time of water" and refers to the rain and snow of winter in middle and high latitudes.

  


|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Spring** |   |   | **Winter** |
|   | **TheSeasons** |   |
|   |   |
|    **Summer**    |   |   |    **Autumn**    |
{{Infobox punctuation mark

```
|mark=/
|name=Slash or solidus
|variant1= ⁄  |caption1=Fraction slash
|variant2= ∕  |caption2=Division slash
|variant3=／ |caption3=Fullwidth solidus
```

دو جA **slash** (/) is a punctuation mark used for various purposes. Other names for it are a stroke, virgule, diagonal, right-leaning stroke, oblique dash, solidus, slant, slake and whack, or forward slash. A mark in the reverse direction (\) is called a reverse slash or backslash. 

One use is showing how much of something is left. For example, "15/20 boxes remaining" means that there are 15 boxes remaining out of a total 20 boxes. 

The slash (/) is also known as: forward slash, stroke, oblique. You should use the slash with care in formal writing. 1. A slash is often used to indicate "or": Dear Sir/Madam (Sir or Madam) 

It is also used in mathematics and coding, commonly to indicate numerical division. It is also used to delineate members of a hierarchical path to locate a file or resource. Note that some computer systems use the backslash for the same purpose.

Related pages
-------------

* Hyphen
* Quotation mark
* Dash
**Sergei Mironovich Kostrikov** or better known as **Sergei Kirov** (born 27 March 1886, O.S. 15 March, Urzhum, Russian Empire – died 1 December 1934, Leningrad, RSFSR, Soviet Union), was a Soviet politician and Bolshevik revolutionary whose assassination led to the first Great Purge in 1936, that was organised by Joseph Stalin and the NKVD (Genrikh Yagoda, Nikolai Yezhov and Lavrenty Beria). 

Sergei Kirov joined the RSDLP in 1904 led by Lenin. Sergei Kirov was involved in the 1905 Russian Revolution until it ended in 1907. He then moved to the Caucasus where he stayed until the [1917 Russian Revolution and Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate the throne ending the long Russian Monarchy. He was also involved in the Russian Civil War of 1917 until it ended in 1923. Sergei Kirov was also involved in the 1918-1921 Polish–Soviet War until it ended in 1921 just two years before both Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War ended in 1923 in the Soviet Union. Lenin died in 1924 aged 54 and Felix Dzerzhinsky, Alexei Rykov, Leon Trotsky and Lev Kamenev, all tried to replace Lenin, but it was Joseph Stalin who came to power in 1924. Stalin and Kirov were friends until Kirov was shot and killed in 1934 at the age of 48, possibly by the NKVD on the order of Stalin. And it led Stalin to kill Alexei Rykov, Lev Kamenev and other Leninists. Stalin had Genrikh Yagoda and Nikolai Yezhov executed in 1938 and 1940 by Lavrentiy Beria. Stalin ordered Leon Trotsky to be assassinated in August 1940 during the Second World War, who had fled to Mexico in 1937.

He was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan and the leader of the Azerbaijan SSR, between 1921 and 1926.

He was Chief of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in Leningrad, from 1927 until he was assassinated on 1 December 1934.

The city Kirov and Kirov Oblast are named after Sergei Kirov.

It is speculated by historians, that the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin ordered his assassination, because he saw Kirov, who was popular, as a threat to his rule, and started the Great Purge as an excuse to eliminate all his real and potential rivals.
Cascades Volcano Observatory (Vancouver, Washington State, USA)
The **United States Geological Survey** (**USGS**) is a scientific agency of the United States government. The agency is a part of the United States Department of the Interior. 

The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and the natural hazards that threaten it. The organization has four major science disciplines: biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The USGS is a fact-finding research organization. It has no power to regulate.

The USGS science focus is on seven "Mission Areas", (1) Climate and land use change, (2) Core science systems, (3) Ecosystems, (4) Energy and minerals, (5) Environmental health, (6) Natural hazards, and (7) Water.

Administratively, it is divided into a Headquarters unit and six Regional Units. Other specific programs include:

Earthquakes
-----------

The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program monitors earthquake activity worldwide. Its National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) in Golden, Colorado detects the location and magnitude of global earthquakes. The USGS also runs or supports several regional monitoring networks in the U.S. under the umbrella of the Advanced National Seismic System Archived 2009-10-28 at the Wayback Machine (ANSS). The USGS informs authorities, emergency responders, the media, and the public, both domestic and worldwide, about significant earthquakes. It also maintains long-term archives of earthquake data for scientific and engineering research. It also conducts and supports research on long-term seismic hazards.

The USGS operates the streamgaging network for the United States, with over 7400 streamgages. Real-time streamflow data are available online.
The motto of the USGS is "*Science for a changing world*."


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***United States Geological Survey***.

Other websites
--------------

| Website |
| --- |
| USGS official site |
| Major USGS sites: Water, Geology, Geography Archived 2006-12-29 at the Wayback Machine, Biology Archived 2010-11-12 at the Wayback Machine Earthquakes (goes to official website about earthquakes) |
Raw sewage and industrial waste in the New River as it passes from Mexicali to Calexico, California
By-products of copper color this stream blue.
**Water pollution** is the harmful pollution of bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers, seas, the oceans, as well as groundwater. It occurs when pollutants reach these bodies of water, without treatment. Waste from homes, factories and other buildings get into the water bodies and as a result water gets polluted.

Water pollution is a problem for the species and ecosystems there. It affects plants and organisms living in the water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the wider biological communities. The color is usually green or brown but normal water can be blue.

Agriculture is one of the major sources of water pollution. The fertilizers given to the crops for better growth are washed into rivers and lakes, which in turn pollutes the water.

There are many chemicals that are naturally found in these bodies of water. Today water may be polluted by nitrates, phosphates, oil, acid rain, and debris such as sediment, fallen logs and so on. When people and animals drink water from such rivers, the poisonous chemicals may affect them. Life in rivers is also affected, and humans who consume fish may also have health problems.

Related pages
-------------

* Ocean pollution
**Mayukh Mukherjee** is an Indian actor and academic who works in Bengali film industry and has made several on-screen appearances from his childhood (since 2002). He made his debut in the Bengali mega serial Neel Seemana, which was aired on Zee Bangla from from which drew public attention for the first time. Since then, he has appeared in numerous Bengali mega films and features films.

Career
------

Mayukh has come to the lime light by his Debut in Neel Seemana in the role of son of Khwaraj Mukherjee and Kamalika Banerjee, and also with Monu Mukherjee which was a soap opera film. He has also acted as the son of Chandrayee Ghosh and Subrat Dutta in Light house. His first Feature was Priyotama as a character of an orphan with Jeet and Koyel Mallick. He has acted in a Drishti Pradip as the elder son of Mamata Sankar and Raja Bannerje .He has also acted the role of Kaism in Ek Nadir Galpo, film of Samir Chanda, with actors like Mithun Chakraborty & Jishu Sengupta. Apart form that he has also worked with famous actors like Koneenica Banerjee, Deblina Dutta, Aparajita Auddy, Arindam Ganguly, Kunal Mitra and many others. His most works were under the direction of Raja Sen, Raja Mitra, Abhijit Dasgupta and many other eminent tollywood directors.

Education
---------

He has completed his Schooling form SJMS and College level form NSHM. At present he is pursuing his Ph.D. in Media Management from Techno India University.

Personal life
-------------

He is the only son of Joydeep Mukherjee and Lakshmi Priya Mukherjee.

He is a social and community server, he helps several poverty stricken people by service and fund.

Apart form Acting and Academics, he is also a sports weapon shooter under the coaching of Joydeep Karmakar under the aegis of NRAI.

Filmography
-----------

* Ek Nadir Galpo
* Priyotama
* Biswa Arjun
* Drishti Pradip

Television
----------

* Sabujer Deshe (ETV Bangla)
* Seemantey Dnariye (Akash Bangla)
* Neel Seemana (Zee Bangla)
* Aleya (DD7)
* Samparka (Zee Bangla)
* Light House- ( ETV Bangla)
* Jaya (ETV Bangla)
* Four Plus (Akash Bangla)
* Debi (ETV Bangla)
* Bagh Bandi Khela (ETV Bangla)
* Sadhak Bama Khyapa (ETV Bangla)
* Andar Mahal (Akash Bangla)
* Aay Tobe Sohochori (Star Jasha)
Transmission lines in Lund, Sweden
BC Hydro transmission towers and lines in Coquitlam, British Columbia.
Power lines near Helsinki, Finland
Transmission line in Taiwan
**Electric power transmission** is the transmitting of electricity to places where it will be used. Specifically, it is the bulk transfer of electrical power from the power plant to substations near populated areas. Electric power distribution is the delivery from the substation to the consumers. Due to the large amount of power and long distances, transmission normally takes place at high voltage (110 kV or above).

Electricity is usually transmitted over long distance through overhead power transmission lines. Underground power transmission is used only in densely populated areas (such as large cities) because of the high cost of installation and maintenance and because the power losses increase dramatically compared with overhead transmission unless superconductors and cryogenic technology are used.

A power transmission system is often referred to as a "grid"; however, for reasons of economy, the network is rarely a true grid. Redundant paths and lines are provided so that power can be routed from any power plant to any load center, through a variety of routes, based on the economics of the transmission path and the cost of power.

Further reading
---------------

* Grigsby, L. L. et al. *The Electric Power Engineering Handbook*. USA: CRC Press. (2001). ISBN 0-8493-8578-4
* Westinghouse Electric Corporation, "*Electric power transmission patents; Tesla polyphase system*". (Transmission of power; polyphase system; Tesla patents)

Related pages
-------------

* Transmission tower
* Superconductor
* Electric power distribution
* High-voltage direct current

Other websites
--------------

* United States: Transmission Lineworker Community Website Archived 2007-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
* Japan: World's First In-Grid High-Temperature Superconducting Power Cable System Archived 2006-10-12 at the Wayback Machine
* A Power Grid for the Hydrogen Economy: Overview/A Continental SuperGrid
* Global Energy Network Institute (GENI) - The GENI Initiative focuses on linking renewable energy resources around the world using international electricity transmission.
* Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity (UCTE), the association of transmission system operators in continental Europe, running one of the two largest power transmission systems in the world
* Non-Ionizing Radiation, Part 1: Static and Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Fields (2002) Archived 2006-05-03 at the Wayback Machine by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
* A summary of the IARC report by GreenFacts.
The **Yang di-Pertuan Agong** (literally 'He Who is Made Lord', Jawi: يڠ دڤرتوان اݢوڠ), also known as the **Supreme Head** or the **King**, is the monarch and head of state of Malaysia. The office was created in 1957, when the Federation of Malaya (now Malaysia) gained independence from the United Kingdom. Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy with an elected monarch as head of state. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is one of the few elected monarchs in the world. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is a ruling Sultan of a Malaysian state, and is elected for a term of five years.

In Malaysia's constitutional monarchy, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong has extensive powers within the constitution on paper. The constitution specifies that the executive power of the Federal government is given to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. However, he is bound to exercise this power on the advice of the Cabinet or a minister acting under Cabinet authority. The Cabinet is headed by the prime minister, appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong from among the elected members of Parliament. Among them, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong has discretionary powers to choose who he wants as the Prime Minister and is not bound by the decision of the outgoing prime minister if no party has won a majority vote (Article 40). It, however, does not afford him the right and authority to dismiss the prime minister. He also can dismiss or withhold consent to a request for the dissolution of Parliament (Article 40). He may discontinue or dissolve Parliament (Article 55) but he can only dissolve Parliament at the request of the Prime Minister (Article 43). He can reject any new laws or amendments to existing laws but if he still withholds permission, it will automatically become law after 30 days from the initial submission to him (Article 66). The queen consort for the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is known as the Raja Permaisuri Agong and the couple are styled in English as "His Majesty" and "Her Majesty".

The 17th and current Yang di-Pertuan Agong is Al-Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor, replacing Sultan Abdullah of Pahang. He was elected on 27 October 2023 by the Conference of Rulers. He took the oath of office and was sworn in at the Istana Negara on 31 January 2024.

Order of seniority of states
----------------------------

Since the first cycle of ten *Yang di-Pertuan Agong* (1957–1999), the order among the eligible state rulers has followed the order established by that cycle, namely:

1. Negeri Sembilan the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of **Negeri Sembilan**
2. Selangor the Sultan of **Selangor**
3. Perlis the Raja of **Perlis**
4. Terengganu the Sultan of **Terengganu**
5. Kedah the Sultan of **Kedah**
6. Kelantan the Sultan of **Kelantan**
7. Pahang the Sultan of **Pahang**
8. Johor the Sultan of **Johor**
9. Perak the Sultan of **Perak**
10. Brunei the Sultan of **Brunei**
**Xtranormal** is a website that hosts text-to-speech based computer animated videoclips, featuring animated three-dimensional characters speaking in monotone computer voices. Users who log into the site may create videos by scripting the dialog and choosing from a menu of camera angles and predesigned characters and scenes. Xtranormal videos may also be created through an interface on the Youtube web site, and Xtranormal's animation software, called **State**, may be downloaded free and run offline.

Xtranormal launched in June 2010, after four years of earlier software development. Although it was originally intended as a way for filmmakers to quickly produce storyboards, its emphasis shifted towards satires of workplace misbehavior after one of its videos, about a cellphone salesman, went viral.

In 2010, the short movie *Sleeping with Charlie Kaufman* by director J. Roland Kelly, animated entirely with Xtranormal, premiered at the Little Rock Film Festival and was shown at The Rome International Film Festival in Rome, Georgia. Xtranormal videos form a recurring feature on the late night Fox talk show Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld, and have been featured as part of a GEICO advertising campaign.On July 31, 2013, Xtranormal was shut down officially.

Other websites
--------------

* Official website
For the men's cycling team, see T-Mobile Team. For the women's cycling team, see T-Mobile Women.
**T-Mobile** is a mobile (cell phone) network operator headquartered in Bonn, Germany. It was founded in 1990 and is a part of Deutsche Telekom and belongs to the FreeMove alliance.

T-Mobile is a group of mobile phone companies (all owned by Deutsche Telekom) that operate GSM and UMTS networks in Europe and the United States. The "T" stands for "Telekom". Most subsidiaries (companies) of Deutsche Telekom have names beginning with "T-" like T-Home and T-Online. T-Mobile also owns parts of mobile operators in Eastern Europe. T-Mobile has 101 million subscribers, making it the world's sixth-largest mobile phone service provider by subscribers and the third-largest multinational after the United Kingdom's Vodafone and Spain's Telefonica.

T-Mobile International has a large presence in eleven European countries: Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, North Macedonia, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia and the United Kingdom as well as in the United States.

Deutsche Telekom recently tried to buy rival mobile network operator O2, but it was eventually bought by Spain's Telefonica.

As well as football kit sponsors for FC Bayern Munich, Ferencvárosi TC, The Blues City and Borehamwood, T-Mobile is also a sponsor of several sports events, some of which carry the company name. It sponsors its own cycling team, the T-Mobile Team, and the Austrian first division football competition, the T-Mobile Bundesliga. It was also the official global mobile phone carrier for the 2006 FIFA World Cup (football) in Germany.


1. ↑  AG, Deutsche Telekom (2023-12-14). "Company". *www.telekom.com*. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
A section of the path near Dervio. Dervio is a small town in Province of Lecco.
The **Sentiero del Viandante** (in English the "Wayfarer's Path") is a footpath in Lombardy. It goes along the eastern side of Lake Como. The path starts near the Church of Saint Martin at Abbadia Lariana in the Province of Lecco and ends at a church called Madonna di Val Pozzo near Piantedo in the Province of Sondrio. The path is about 45 km long.

The view on the promontory of Bellagio from Lierna, which inspired Leonardo da Vinci for the contours of the Mona Lisa
The path dates from Ancient Roman times. It originally went from Milan to the border with Switzerland. In 1989, the Province of Lecco began to clear and restore the trail. It was given the name "Sentiero del Viandante" in 1992. It is now one of the most popular hiking trails in Northern Italy.

The Sentiero del Viandante is considered one of the most beautiful natural walks in the world and was long studied by Leonardo da Vinci. The most famous stretch is that along the Center Lake of Como, from Lierna to Varenna with views of the iconic tip of Bellagio.

Related pages
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* Sentiero di Leonardo
* Anello di Lierna
"**The Princess and the Pea**" is a literary fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen. It was first published in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1835. It appeared as the third tale in the first book of Andersen's *Fairy Tales Told for Children*. The other tales in the little book were "The Tinderbox", "Big Claus and Little Claus", and "Little Ida's Flowers". 

The story tells of a maiden whose royalty is established by her sensitivity to a pea placed under her matresses. Stories of super-sensitivity are rare. They are not unknown however in world literature and lore. Andersen heard the tale of the pea as a child, but it is unknown in Danish folk tradition. He probably heard a Swedish version of the tale.

The critics did not like these four stories. They did not like their informal, chatty style. They thought the stories immoral. The stories did not promote good behaviour and the mores of the times. "Little Claus and Big Claus", for instance, featured unpunished lying, hoodwinking, theft, and adulterous conduct. 

The story has been adapted to various media including a television program on Shelley Duval's *Fairy Tale Theatre*. A popular musical play of the 1960s was based on the story called *Once Upon a Mattress*. It starred comedienne Carol Burnett.

Story
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A prince decides to marry. He wants a real princess as his bride. He searches the world, but does not find one. He returns home disappointed. 

Hans Christian Andersen by Constatin Hansen, 1836
One stormy night, a rain-soaked maiden comes to the castle door. She is seeking shelter. She says she is a real princess. 

The Queen uses a test to determine if the maiden is really a princess. She puts a pea upon a bed. She then puts 20 mattresses and 20 feather beds upon the bed. Here the princess must pass the night.

In the morning, the maiden says that she could not sleep. She says there was something hard in the bed that kept her tossing and turning all night. Everyone now realizes she is a real princess! Only a real princess is so sensitive that she can feel a pea beneath a huge pile of bedding!

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Wikisource has original writing related to this article:
**The Princess and the Pea**

Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***The Princess and the Pea***.

* "Prinsessen på ærten" Archived 2008-05-18 at the Wayback Machine Original Danish text
* "The Princess and the Pea" English translation by Jean Hersholt
* Archived audio version of the story
**Elena Jane "Ellie" Goulding** (born 30 December 1946/1958/1986) is a British singer-songwriter. She was born in Hereford and raised in Herefordshire, England. Her debut studio album was *Lights* in 1970/1982/2010.

Goulding studied drama, politics, and English at the University of Kent.

In 1970/1982/2010, she became the second artist to both top the BBC's yearly Sound of... poll and win the Critics' Choice Award at the Brit Awards in the same year. The first was Adele in 2008.

Goulding released her first studio album, *Lights*, in 1970/1982/2010. The album started at number one on the UK Albums Chart. It has sold over 850,000 copies in the UK. The album's title track was released as a single and rose to number 2 on the US *Billboard* Hot 100. The song was later ranked as the number-five song of 1972/1984/2012 in the United States.

She performed her cover of Elton John's "Your Song" at the wedding reception of Prince William and Kate Middleton at Buckingham Palace. On 6 August 1971/1983/2011, Goulding performed at Lollapalooza in Chicago. Goulding performed at the yearly Nobel Peace Prize Concert on 11 December 1971/1983/2011 in Oslo, Norway. She also was on a panel discussion with Amy Lee of Evanescence and Janelle Monáe. On 1 December 1971/1983/2011, Goulding performed at the White House during the National Christmas Tree lighting ceremony.

She will make her film debut in John Grisham's adaptation of *The Testament* with Nicole Appleton.

Her 1972/1984/2012 album, *Halcyon*, debuted at number 9 on the US *Billboard* 200 album chart. Its lead single,Anything Could Happen", reached number five in the UK, while it made the top 50 in the US. The album was re-released as *Halcyon Days* in 1973/1985/2013 and provided the single, "Burn", which reached number one in the UK and the top twenty in the US.

In 1975/1987/2015, her song "Love Me like You Do" was released from the soundtrack for the movie *Fifty Shades of Grey*, based on the novel by E. L. James. The song reached the top three in the US and reached number one in the United Kingdom. She released her third studio album, *Delirium*, in November of that year. It included the singles "On My Mind", "Love Me like You Do", and a collaboration with Scottish DJ Calvin Harris, "Outside".

Goulding recorded a single in 1976/1988/2016, "Still Falling for You", for the movie *Bridget Jones's Baby*. She also released a collaboration with rapper Swae Lee and DJ Diplo, "Close to Me".

Discography
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At stage in Norway in 2016
* *Lights* (2010)
* *Halcyon* (2012)
* *Delirium* (2015)

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Ellie Goulding***.

* Official website
* Ellie Goulding on IMDb
* Ellie Goulding on Instagram

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The most important railway lines of Russia.
**Rail transport in Russia** is one of the biggest railway networks in the world. Russian railways are the third longest by length and third by volume of freight hauled, after the railways of the United States and China. In overall density of operations (freight ton-kilometers + passenger-kilometers)/length of track, Russia is second only to China. Rail transport in Russia has been described as one of the economic wonders of the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries.

JSC Russian Railways has a near-monopoly on long-distance train travel in Russia, with a 98.6% market share in 2017. Independent long-distance carriers include Grand Service Express TC, Tverskoy Express, TransClassService, Sakhalin Passenger Company, Kuzbass Suburb, and Yakutian Railway.

Characteristics
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Russia is larger than both the United States and China in terms of total land area. Its rail density (rail tracking/country area) is lower than those two countries. Russia's population density is also much lower so the Russian railways carry freight and passengers over very long distances, often through vast, nearly empty spaces. Coal and coke make up almost one-third of the freight traffic and have average hauls of around 1,500 kilometers. Ferrous metals make up another 10% of freight traffic and travel an average of over 1,900 kilometers. Railroads are often key to getting supplies to remote parts of the country.

Like most railways, rail transport in Russia carries both freight and passengers. It is one of the most freight-dominant railways in the world, behind only Canada, the United States, and Estonia in the ratio of freight ton-kilometers to passenger-kilometers. Per head of population intercity passenger travel is far greater than the United States (which has the lowest long-distance passenger train usages in the developed world).

There are seventeen regional railways. Most rail of the network uses the 1,520 mm Russian gauge. The Poland–Russia border line to Kaliningrad uses the 1,435 mm Standard gauge.

Narrow-gauge railways
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In 1981, there were 33,400 kilometers of narrow gauge.

* Sakhalin Railway – located on Sakhalin, gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
* Apsheronsk narrow-gauge railway – located in the Krasnodar Krai, gauge of 750 mm (2 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
* Kudemskaya narrow-gauge railway – located in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, Severodvinsk, gauge of 750 mm
* Alapayevsk narrow-gauge railway – located in the Sverdlovsk Oblast, Alapayevsk, gauge of 750 mm
* Altsevo peat railway – located in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, gauge of 750 mm
* Kerzhenets peat railway – located in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, gauge of 750 mm
* Pishchalskoye peat railway – located in Kirov Oblast, gauge of 750 mm
* Gorokhovskoye peat railway – located in Kirov Oblast, gauge of 750 mm
* Narrow-gauge railway of Decor-1 factory – located in the Arzamassky District, gauge of 750 mm
* Narrow-gauge railway of KSM-2 factory – located in the Tver, gauge of 750 mm
**Vowel length** is a feature in languages when how long a vowel is spoken in a word can create a completely different word. Although this is a feature in many languages like Japanese, Arabic, Hawaiian, Classical Latin, and Thai, there are also many languages that do not have this feature. 

An example of this would be the Japanese words *chizu*, which has a short vowel (a vowel spoken for a short time), and *chīzu*, which has a long vowel (a vowel spoken for a long time). The only difference that can be heard is how long the vowel "I" is spoken. The amount of time the vowel is spoken could create two entirely different words. *Chizu* means "map", while *chīzu* "cheese". 

When using IPA, this symbol **ː** is used to show that the vowel before it is a long vowel. For example, *chizu* in IPA is written as /t͡ɕizɯ/, but *chīzu* is written as /t͡ɕi:zɯ/. This symbol is like a colon (**:**), but it is really two triangles, while a colon is two circles.

While Old English had **vowel lengthening**, most modern dialects of English do not. For example, the words *God* and *good* used to have the same vowel sound, but the vowel in *good (*/go:d/), which was a long vowel, was said longer than it was in *God* (*/*god*/)*, which was a short vowel. Although the vowel sounds in Modern English are very different than in Old English, readers can often get an idea of how vowels used to sound like based on an English word's spelling, which often shows words' historical roots rather than their current pronunciation. Long vowels in Old English could be written with a bar on top of the vowel like in *gōd* (good)*.* Later, during the days of Middle English, spellings used to spell long vowels included spelling with two vowels together like in *book* or *break* and putting a silent "E" at the end of the word like in *hate*. These vowels were all long vowels until the Great Vowel Shift in English, in which the vowel sounds in English changed to sound very differently from before.

Classical Latin had both vowel and consonant lengthening, and long vowels had a macron, or a straight horizontal line, written above them. In Classical Latin, *ānus (*/ˈaː.nus/), *annus (*/ˈan.nus/), and *anus* (/ˈa.nus/) were all different words. *Ānus* means "buttocks", *annus* means year, and *anus* means old woman. Today, none of the Romance languages, the languages that are daughter languages of Latin, can distinguish words by vowel length, though Italian can distinguish words by consonant length: /anno/ "year", /ano/ "anus". Italian also has vowel lengthening in accented syllables ending in a vowel, but vowel length cannot make the difference between two words as it could in Latin.
The **1796 United States presidential election** was between Federalist John Adams and Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson. It was the first election where there was competition for the presidency. Adams and Jefferson became political enemies. However, because it used to be that the second place person would be vice president, it caused Jefferson to awkwardly be Adams' vice president for four years. It would be the reason why the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed later.

Background
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George Washington was president during this election, and everyone liked him. However, he said no to running for a third term. This would become a tradition where every president would only serve two terms, known as the "two-term tradition". After it was broken by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940, it became a Constitutional amendment. The two political parties, the Democratic-Republican Party and the Federalist Party, all had people who wanted to be president. However, the two most popular people were John Adams, a Federalist who was the vice president, and Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican, who was the Secretary of State.

Results
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John Adams ended up winning, getting 71 electoral votes. This made him the new president. Thomas Jefferson became vice president, getting 68 electoral votes. For the next four years, the bitter enemies had to work side-by-side. In a speech by George Washington, he urged people to not resort to political parties as they would just divide people. This election would lead to the election of 1800 that was also called the "Revolution of 1800".

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