recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**F-sharp major** is a major scale based on **F-sharp**. Its key signature has six sharps.

Its relative minor is D♯ minor, and its enharmonic equivalent is G♭ major.

Use of this key
---------------

This key is not used often in orchestral music except to modulate. It is used more often in piano music, like Scriabin's sonatas. When piano music in this key needs to be arranged for orchestra, sometimes it is better to change it to F or G major. If F-sharp major needs to be used, transposing instruments in B flat should have their music written in A-flat major, not G-sharp major.

The Presentation of the Rose scene in Act Two of Richard Strauss's opera Der Rosenkavalier is written in F-sharp major.
F-sharp major is the key of Beethoven's Piano Sonata, Op. 78, of Chopin's Barcarolle, of Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2, of Mahler's unfinished Tenth Symphony, Erich Korngold's Symphony Op. 40, and Scriabin's Fourth Sonata.

In a few scores, the F-sharp major key signature in the bass clef is written with the sharp for the A on the top line.

  



| * v
* t
* e
Diatonic Scales and Keys |
| --- |
| Circle of fifthsCircle of fifths | 

|  | Flats | Sharps |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Major | minor | Major | minor |
| 0 | **C**, **a** |
| 1 | **F** | **d** | **G** | **e** |
| 2 | **B♭** | **g** | **D** | **b** |
| 3 | **E♭** | **c** | **A** | **f♯** |
| 4 | **A♭** | **f** | **E** | **c♯** |
| 5 | **D♭** | **b♭** | **B** | **g♯** |
| 6 | **G♭** | **e♭** | **F♯** | **d♯** |
| 7 | **C♭** | **a♭** | **C♯** | **a♯** |
| 8 | **F♭** | **d♭** | **G♯** | **e♯** |

 |
| The table shows the number of sharps or flats in each scale. Minor scales are written in lower case. |


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***F-sharp major***.
**Electron crystallography** is a method to determine the arrangement of atoms in solids using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

This method works in many cases where X-ray crystallography does not. The latter needs large 3-D crystals to work.

Protein structures are usually done from 2-dimensional crystals (sheets or helices), polyhedrons such as viral capsids, or dispersed proteins. Electrons can be used in these situations, whereas X-rays cannot, because electrons interact more strongly with atoms than X-rays do.

The clear differences between intensities of the diffraction spots can be used in crystal structure determination
Electron crystallography is a method to determine the arrangement of atoms in solids using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The method was invented by Aaron Klug, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this, and his studies on virus structures and transfer RNA, in 1982.

The first electron crystallographic protein structure to be solved was bacteriorhodopsin in 1990.
Since then, several other high-resolution structures have been done by electron crystallography, including the light-harvesting complex, and the bacterial flagellum.

Related pages
-------------

* Crystallography
* X-ray crystallography
* Spectroscopy
Eduard Strasburger
**Eduard Adolf Strasburger** (1 February 1844 in Warsaw – 19 May 1912 in Bonn) was a German professor who was one of the most famous botanists of the 19th century.

In 1868 he taught at the University of Warsaw. In 1869 Strasburger was appointed professor of botany at the University of Jena. After 1881 he was head of the *Botanisches Institut* at the University of Bonn.

Accomplishments
---------------

Strasburger was a founder of the famous *Lehrbuch der Botanik für Hochschulen* (*Textbook of Botany*), which first appeared in 1894. He was the first to provide an accurate description of the embryonic sac in gymnosperms (such as conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants), along with demonstrating double-fertilization in angiosperms. He came up with one of the modern laws of plant cytology: "New cell nuclei can only arise from the division of other nuclei", and originated the terms cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.

At about the same time as Walther Flemming, and Edouard van Beneden, he worked out chromosome movement during mitosis in plant cells. His work on the upward movement of tree sap proved that the process was physical and not physiological.

### Awards

He was awarded the Linnean Society's prestigious Darwin-Wallace Medal in 1908.

Bibliography
------------

* "On Cell Formation and Cell Division", 1876 – a book in which he set forth the basic principles of mitosis

* 1894 textbook *Textbook of Botany* (written with colleagues)
**Fives** is a British sport believed to come from the same origins as many racket sports. In fives, a ball is propelled against the walls of a special court using gloved or bare hands as though they were a racquet.

Background
----------

The name may be derived from the slang expression "a bunch of fives" (meaning a fist). The game has also been known as **hand-tennis** and historically was often played between the buttresses of church buildings in England. There are links between Fives and the Irish and North American handball games and indeed, in recent years, British clubs have begun to establish ties with clubs in those countries.

Fives is not the same as Long Fives, which is played in a real tennis court.

There are two main forms of the game Rugby Fives and Eton Fives. 
Eton Fives is played competitively as a doubles game, whilst Rugby Fives is played as both a singles and a doubles game.

Other websites
--------------

* Eton Fives
* Rugby Fives Association (UK)
* Cambridge University Rugby Fives Club Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
* Executioners (A London Fives Club) Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
* White Rose Fives Club (A Club based in West Yorkshire) Archived 2007-12-03 at the Wayback Machine
* Old Merchant Taylors Rugby Fives Club Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
The Fall of Nineveh, painting by John Martin (1829), inspired by Edwin Atherstone's poem
**Edwin Atherstone** (1788-1872) was an English writer, poet and playwright.

Biography
---------

Edwin Atherstone was born in Nottingham on 17 April 1788. He was one of fifteenth children of Hugh Atherstone and Ann Green. He learned in Yorkshire at Fulneck Moravian School. He lived with Mary Wainwright Pearson. They were never married, but had four children, three daughters and a son. Atherstone taught music at school in Taunton. He also collected paintings. The poet died in Bath on 29 January.

Literary Works
--------------

Edwin Atherstone wrote a lot. He published his first poem, named *Last Days of Herculaneum* in 1821. His best known work is the poem *The Fall of Nineveh*. The poem was written for many years. First edition was published in 1828, and the last one in 1868. It is written in blank verse. It is over twenty thousand lines long. It consists of a prelude and thirty books. It tells about a war between Medes and Assyrians. The war took place some centuries before Christ. Main heroes are Arbaces, prince of Medes, Belesis, a priest and friend of Arbaces and Sardanapalus, a cruel king of Assyria. After many battles Medes got Nineveh, which was the capital city of Assyria. Sardanapalus put fire to his own palace and died inside. Sardanapalus is really a criminal. He ordered execution of one hundred war prisoners. He locked all his concubines in his palace so that they died in the fire. The other poems by Atherstone are *Israel in Egypt*, about Moses and freeing Jews form slavery in Egypt, *Abradates and Panthea* and *A Midsummer Day's Dream*. He also wrote two novels: *The Sea-Kings in England* (1830) and *The Handwriting on the Wall* (1858).

Inspired painting
-----------------

He was a close friend and associate of the painter John Martin, whose well-known painting "The Fall of Nineveh" was produced in conjunction with Atherstone's poem.

Bibliography
------------

* Herbert F. Tucker, *Epic. Britain's Heroic Muse 1790-1910*, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008.

Other websites
--------------

* Poems by Edwin Atherstone at PoemHunter.
This is a cartoon of Jim Crow which was made by Edward Williams Clay. It was believed to be made around the year 1832 but the exact date is not known.
**Edward Williams Clay** (April 17, 1799 – December 31, 1857) was an American artist. He made a lot of different types of art. He made paintings and cartoons. He was also a printmaker.

Early life
----------

Edward Williams Clay was born in the year 1799. He was born in the city of Philadelphia in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. His father was a sea captain. His name was Robert Clay. His mother was named Eliza Williams. Clay went to law school. He joined the Pennsylvania Bar Association. He became an engraver when he was in school. He didn't work as a lawyer very long. He decided to quit and become an artist for a living.

Work as an artist
-----------------

Clay went to Europe during the years 1825 until 1828. He studied art there. After he came back to America, he made a collection of drawings called *Life in Philadelphia*. The drawings show racism against African American people who lived in Philadelphia. In the year 1831, he started making political cartoons. He made jokes about Andrew Jackson in a drawing called "The Rats Leave a Falling House". He moved to New York City in 1837. He made art for magazines and books, and also made drawings for sheet music.

Later life and death
--------------------

He started to go blind and had to stop making art. He moved to Delaware and worked for the state government until he moved back to New York City in 1856. He became sick and died of tuberculosis in 1857. He is buried in Christ Church Burial Ground in Philadelphia. His artwork is owned by The Library Company of Philadelphia and the Library of Congress.
***Dick Johnson Is Dead*** is a 2020 American documentary movie, directed by Kirsten Johnson and co-written by Johnson and Nels Bangerter. The story focuses on Johnson's father Richard, who suffers from dementia, portraying different ways—some of them violent "accidents" — in which he could ultimately die. In each scenario, the elderly Johnson plays along with his daughter's black humor and imaginative fantasies. The film premiered at the 2020 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Special Jury Award for Innovation in Non-fiction Storytelling. It was released on Netflix on October 2, 2020.

Plot
----

Richard Johnson (referred to as "Dick") is a retired clinical psychiatrist who is suffering from dementia. His daughter Kirsten Johnson involves him in a series of imaginative enactments of his impending death, some of them violent "accidents", such as "falling down a flight of stairs, [or] being struck in the neck and bleeding out". She also has him act out his own funeral and fantasizes about him entering the gates of heaven. Dick amiably plays along with her black humor; in one scene he proposes, "You can euthanize me."

Cast
----

* Kirsten Johnson
* Richard "Dick" Johnson

Other websites
--------------

* *Dick Johnson Is Dead* on IMDb
Emilie Autumn
**Emilie Autumn Liddell** (born on September 22, 1979) is an American singer and violinist. She started learning to play the violin when she was four years old. She calls her style Victoriandustrial. It is influenced by the Victorian era. She performs with The Bloody Crumpets.

Early life
----------

Autumn left school when she was nine or ten. She went to Indiana University for two years. She left because the university would not let her wear corsets.

Career
------

Autumn released *On a Day: Music for Violin & Continuo* on her label Traitor Records. In 2000 a book of poetry that she wrote was published.

In 2003 Autumn's first studio album *Enchant* was released.

In 2006 *Opheliac* was released by Trisol Music Group GmbH.

In 2007 *A Bit o' This & That* was released to iTunes. In 2010 *The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls* was published.

In 2012 Autumn released her third studio album, *Fight Like a Girl*.

Personal life
-------------

Autumn has bipolar disorder. She is vegan.

Discography
-----------

Studio albums
* *Enchant* (2003)
* *Opheliac* (2006)
* *Fight Like a Girl* (2012)
**Felix Hess** (1941 – 10 October 2022) was a Dutch artist with with a background in physics.

Biography
---------

Born in The Hague, Hess studied physics at the University of Groningen from 1959 to 1967. He obtained his PhD cum laude in 1975 for a groundbreaking study into aerodynamics and movement of boomerangs, which until then had only been subject to cultural research.

Between 1975 and 1979, Hess worked as a mathematician at the University of Adelaide in Australia. During that period, Hess was inspired by the communication of bullfrogs. Later he 'translated' his findings into moving, interacting sound devices and made presentations with them in galleries and later also museums. Sound animals he build, like bullfrogs, made sounds and responded to each other, but became silent as soon as they detected other unknown sounds. Hess has built various installations related to nature, interaction, senses and silence.

Hess had an installation art exhibition at the Tschumi Pavilion [nl] in Groningen in 1999. He transformed the pavilion into a large interactive lantern that reacted to air fluctuations. In 2018, Hess repeated this, but now filled the pavilion with 4000 teddy bears.

Hess won the Witteveen+Bos-prijs voor Kunst+Techniek [nl] for his works in 2003. The jury described Hess as an artist who "reopens our senses and makes us stand still in wonder". In March 2022, Hess received a certificate and medal from the Czech Minister of Culture for his donation to the National Gallery Prague of his collection of Japanese Zen paintings.

Hess died in Haren, his residence, on 10 October 2022, aged 81.
**Emily Wilding Davison** (11 October 1872 – 8 June 1913) was born in Blackheath in southeast London on. She studied at Royal Holloway College and at Oxford University, although women were not allowed to take degrees at that time.

In 1906, she joined the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), founded by Emmeline Pankhurst. Three years later she gave up her job as a teacher and went to work full-time for the suffragettes. She was frequently arrested for causing a public disturbance and burning post boxes. She spent a number of short periods in jail.

In 1909, she was sentenced to a month's hard labour in Strangeways Prison in Manchester after throwing rocks at the carriage of chancellor David Lloyd George. She attempted to starve herself, and resisted force-feeding. A prison guard, angered by Davison's blockading herself in her cell, forced a hose into the room and nearly filled it with water. She sued the wardens of Strangeways, and was awarded 40 shillings.

By 1911, Davison was becoming increasingly militant. On 4 June 1913, she ran out in front of the king's horse as it was taking part in the Epsom Derby. Her purpose was unclear, but she was trampled on and died on 8 June – at the age of 40 – from her injuries.
**Diu district** (Portuguese: *Distrito de Diu*) is one of the three districts of the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu of India. It is the ninth least populous district in the country (out of 640).

Geography
---------

Diu district occupies an area of 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi),

It consists of Diu Island and a part on the mainland (the Ghoghla peninsula). 20 km East of Diu Island, is the village of Simbor.

Diu Island
----------

Diu Island is the place where the town of Diu is located. Diu Fort is also located on Diu Island.

Mainland
--------

The area on the mainland borders Gir Somnath district of Gujarat. It contains the village of Ghoghla.

The village lies on the mainland opposite the eastern end of the island .

Demographics
------------

According to the 2011 census Diu district has a population of 52,056, roughly equal to the nation of Saint Kitts and Nevis. This gives it a ranking of 631st in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 1,301 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,370/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 17.73%. Diu has a sex ratio of 1030 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 83.36%.

Other websites
--------------

* Official website
Felix von Weingartner, about 1890
**Felix von Weingartner** (born 2 June 1863; died Winterthur, 7 May 1942) was an Austrian conductor, composer and pianist. He is remembered today mainly as a conductor, but he also composed many works.

Life
----

Weingartner was born in Zara, Dalmatia, which today is called Zadar in Croatia. His parents were Austrian. They were from a noble family. Felix had the title Edler von Münzberg. The family moved to Graz in 1868. His father died that same year. In 1881 he went to Leipzig to study philosophy, but soon spent all his time on music. He started his studies at the Conservatory in 1883. At the same time he studied with the great composer and pianist Franz Liszt in Weimar. Liszt helped him to get his first opera performed. In the same year, 1884, he became the director of the Königsberg Opera. He got conducting jobs in Danzig, then in Hamburg and in Mannheim. From 1891 he was Kapellmeister of the Royal Opera and conductor of symphony concerts in Berlin. Then he gave up that job and went to live in Munich.

In 1902, at the Festival of Mainz, Weingartner conducted all the symphonies of Beethoven. He was becoming famous in Europe as well as in the USA and in South America. From 1908 to 1911 he was the main conductor of the Vienna Hofoper, following on from Gustav Mahler. He kept the job of conductor of the Vienna Philharmonic until 1927. From 1912 he was again Kapellmeister in Hamburg, but in 1914 he went to Darmstadt. In 1919-20 he was conductor of the Vienna Volksoper. In 1920 he was Professor of the Franz Liszt Academy in Budapest. From 1927 to 1934 he was conductor of the Sinfonieorchester Basel. He gave his last concert in London in 1940 and died in Winterthur, Switzerland two years later.

Weingartner was married five times.

His reputation
--------------

Weingartner thought of himself as a composer just as much as a conductor. However, it is as a conductor that he is remembered today. His compositions are hardly ever played now. He composed in a late-Romantic style, and he was an influence on the composer Erich Korngold. He is best remembered today as one of the great conductors of classical music, who conducted in a precise way without exaggerated effects. He wrote books about music including one about conducting.
Theodore Roosevelt speaking to delegates at convention hall Chicago
A **delegate** someone who is either chosen or elected to vote or act for others. In organizations like the United Nations, each country sends delegates to represent them.

Political delegates
-------------------

Before a general election in the US, the process to select candidates begins with delegates. At the state level each of the major political parties selects delegates to attend a national convention. The two ways delegates are selected are the caucus and the Primary election. Each state may have different ways to select delegates as do political parties. The Republican Party lets each state decide how to select delegates. The Democratic Party uses a proportional method for awarding delegates. The percentage of delegates each candidate is awarded depends on the caucus or how many are elected for each candidate. Candidate "X" may have 40 percent, candidate "Y" may have 20 percent while candidate "Z" may have 50 percent. Any remaining percent may be undecided votes or for other candidates. 

A candidate becomes his or her party's presidential nominee after the delegates sent to the convention give that person a majority of the votes. Because there are often multiple rounds of votes taken to select a presidential candidate, delegates sometimes change their votes. But in recent elections that has become unnecessary. Since 1976, it was fairly clear who was the front-runner even before the first vote was taken.
**Manipur toad** (***Duttaphrynus manipurensis***) is a species of amphibian. It belongs to the family of Bufonidae. This species is found only in Manipur. It is found in the Chandel District. It is a sexually reproducing toad. It depends on saltation for its movements.

Name origin
-----------

The species name is composed of "manipur" and the Latin suffix "-ensis". This means "who lives in, who dwells". It was given to refer to the place of its discovery.

Description
-----------

Manipur toad (*Duttaphrynus manipurensis*) is a small-sized toad. It is of 45–47 mm in length. It has a short and thick body. It has a head that is broader than long. Its ridges (places of the genome with a high expression of gene) in brain is significant but it is narrow. It is snout pointed and is shorter than the diameter of eye. It has projecting tip between ridges having little tubercules. It's ear (tympanum) is small in size, vertically oval in shape and is about 42% of the diameter of eye. It has long parotoid glands.

Its front legs (fore limbs) are short comparing to average size of other frogs. Its fingers are free to move. Its finger tips are blunt. Its back legs (hind limbs) are also short. Its toes are long comparing to average size of other frogs and webbed (connected by a membrane). 3 pairs of vertebral warts are present in the front part of its body. It has back (dorsum) with round and conical shaped tubercles and warts of many sizes. Its warts present on the limbs are smaller. Some of them are spiny in shape.
Its back (dorsum) is of dark brown colour. It has black color tipped warts. Its jaws and legs (limbs) are divided off by bars.

Bibliography
------------

* Mathew & Sen, 2009: Studies on little known amphibians of Northeast India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India Occasional Papers, vol. 293, p. 1-64 .

Other websites
--------------


Wikispecies has information on: ***Duttaphrynus manipurensis***.

* "Amphibian Species of the World". *amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org*.
* "AmphibiaWeb - Duttaphrynus manipurensis". *amphibiaweb.org*.
* "Manipur Toad (Duttaphrynus manipurensis)". *iNaturalist Canada*.
**Diego Bande** (Orense, 1978) is a Galician editor, writer and historian of essays on contemporary music of the twentieth and twenty-first century. He is known for creating the first appbook about alternative music venues in the Old Town of Vigo and for recovering the 50 years of Vigo's music history.

Biography
---------

In his literary beginnings, he published several books dealing with the subject of the classics of American music. In 2010, he edited "Cracks de la música de los años 50", followed by "Cracks de la música de los años 60", compiling the North American musical artists of the first half of the 20th century.

In 2011, he published "Gods of Rap and Hip-Hop" and "Gods of Grunge." In 2012, he changed register and created the first appbook about the alternative music venues in the Old Town of Vigo, which were the survivors of the socioeconomic crisis that occurred in that area for more than a decade.

In 2014, he published "La Movida después de la Movida", the groups of the decades after the famous Vigo Movida of the 80s.

The same year, he launched "Los Mejores locales de Rock en Vigo", which brought together the most important alternative music establishments in the same city in the same edition. In "Los increíbles 25 de mediados del 65" (2015) about guateque bands that emerged in Vigo during the Franquismo.

His most outstanding work was "50 años de Rock en Vigo", which gathered 50 years of Vigo music in the same work with more than 150 pages.
Henning in November 1976
**Douglas James Henning** (May 3, 1947 – February 7, 2000) was a Canadian magician, illusionist and escape artist. He was born in Winnipeg. He helped make magic shows more popular in the 1970s.

Henning's approach to magic and performing was different from earlier magicians. While magicians usually performed in black formal wear, Henning wore colorful clothes. He also studied psychology in college, to know how the human mind works.

Henning is credited by many for the resurgence of the public's interest in magic, thanks to his breakthrough Broadway show, *The Magic Show,* which opened in 1974 and ran for almost five years. This was followed by eight television specials on NBC (the first of which remains the most watched magic television special in history, with over fifty million viewers). In 1982, he appeared in another Broadway show, *Merlin*, which ran for seven months. The magic in *Merlin* was met with accolades. However, critics did not like the show's book and music.

Henning was a spokesperson for Polaroid, TWA, Minolta and Chrysler.

He was a student of the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, and used transcendental meditation to help him focus and to relax. He tried to help the Maharishi open a theme park, called Vedaland. Henning also ran for public office in Canada, but lost the election. 

Henning died in 2000 of liver cancer in Los Angeles. Instead of normal medical treatments, he tried to cure himself through natural remedies and diet, but this did not work. After his death, Henning's widow kept the Vedaland campaign going.
Church and the Statue of Hidalgo
Coat of arms
**Dolores Hidalgo** is the name of a city and the municipality around it in the north-central part of the Mexican state of Guanajuato. The full name is **Dolores Hidalgo Cuna de la Independencia Nacional**, which is Spanish for "Dolores Hidalgo Cradle of National Independence".

It is at 21°10′N 100°56′W﻿ / ﻿21.17°N 100.93°W﻿ / 21.17; -100.93, at about 1,980 meters (6,480 feet) above sea level. In the census of 2005 the city had a population of 54,843 people. The larger area of the municipality had 134,641 inhabitants. The city is directly in the middle of the municipality, which is 1,590 km² (613.9 sq mi) in size. It also includes many small communities, the largest of which is Río Laja.

History
-------

Before Mexico became independent, the city was a small town known simply as **Dolores**. It was here that Father Miguel Hidalgo spoke his famous cry for the independence of Mexico (the *Grito de Dolores*). This was in the early hours of September 16, 1810, in front of his parish church. After Mexico achieved independence, the town was renamed *Dolores Hidalgo* in his honor. The central square of the town, in front of Father Hidalgo's historic church, is a popular tourist spot.

Dolores Hidalgo today
---------------------

Today Dolores Hidalgo is known primarily for its ceramics industry. It givese work to well over half the city's population. The inexpensive and mass-produced ceramic products are sold throughout Latin America and the United States. 

Tomb of José Alfredo Jiménez
Fans of ranchera and popular music visit Dolores Hidalgo for the tomb of José Alfredo Jiménez. He was one of the country's most beloved singers and songwriters. He is buried in the town cemetery.

Footballer Adolfo "El Bofo" Bautista was born here.

Twinned Cities
--------------

* United States Lexington, Massachusetts, United States of America.
* Mexico Mexico City, Mexico.
* Mexico Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.

Other websites
--------------

* Dolores Hidalgo Cuna de la Independencia Nacional Official website
* San Luis De La Paz, Guanajuato Archived 2007-05-02 at the Wayback Machine Nearby colonial town.
* Dolores Hidalgo eGuide to Dolores Hidalgo
* Bibliography and Hemerography: Miguel Hidalgo and Costilla. Archived 2011-01-06 at the Wayback Machine
* Miguel Hidalgo and Costilla - Documents of 1810 and 1811. Archived 2011-02-05 at the Wayback Machine
* Chronology of Miguel Hidalgo and Costilla. Archived 2010-09-18 at the Wayback Machine


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Dolores Hidalgo Municipality***.
**Der Wanderer** is the name of a Lied composed by Franz Schubert in October 1816 for voice and piano. The words are taken from a German poem by Georg Philipp Schmidt von Lübeck. The lied is set in the key of C-sharp minor with the tempo marking *sehr langsam* (very slow) and the time signature alla breve. The piece has a total of 72 measures. Schubert wrote another lied entitled "Der Wanderer;" it is numbered D.649.

Detailed Description of *Der Wanderer*
--------------------------------------

The song begins with a recitative, describing the setting: mountains, a steaming valley, the roaring sea. The wanderer is strolling quietly, unhappily, and asks, sighing, the question: "where?"

The next section, consisting of 8 bars of a slow melody sung in pianissimo, describes the feelings of the wanderer: He feels that he is a stranger everywhere. This 8 bar section was later used by Schubert as theme for the second movement of the *Wanderer Fantasy*.

Next the music shifts to the key of E major, the tempo increases and the time signature changes to 6/8. The wanderer asks: "where are you my beloved land?" This place the wanderer longs for is described as green with hope, "the land where my roses bloom, my friends stroll, my dead rise" and, finally, "the land which speaks my language, Oh land, where are you?" Towards the end of this section, the music gets quite animated and forms the climax of the song.

Finally, the music returns to the original minor key and slow tempo. After quoting the question "where?" from the opening, the song closes with a "ghostly breath" finally answering the question: "There where you are not, there is happiness." The song closes in the key of E major.

Other websites
--------------

* Recording Archived 2009-07-15 at the Wayback Machine by Lotte Lehmann
**Edward Earl Reed Jr.** (born September 11, 1978 in St. Rose, Louisiana) is an American former professional football safety. He played 13 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Baltimore Ravens, Houston Texans, and New York Jets. Reed was drafted out of the University of Miami by the Baltimore Ravens with the 24th pick in the first round of the 2002 NFL Draft.

Reed was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame on August 3, 2019.

Childhood
---------

Reed grew up in Louisiana.

College
-------

Reed played for the Miami Hurricanes as a free safety in college. He wore #20.

Professional career
-------------------

### Baltimore Ravens

Reed (20) playing for the Ravens against the Cincinnati Bengals.
Reed was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in 2002. He had seven interceptions in his first season. Reed also developed a talent for blocking punts. In 2004, Reed had what may have been his best career season. He intercepted nine passes, made one sack, had 358 total return yards, and scored twice. This earned Reed the NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award in 2004. One of his touchdowns was a record 106 yards after he intercepted a pass. That was an NFL record until Reed broke his own record in 2008 with a 107 yard interception return for a touchdown. In 2010, Reed intercepted nine passes even though he missed six games because of an injury. 

In his career (not counting postseason), Reed managed 547 tackles (455 alone), six sacks, a safety (A sack in the end zone. The team that makes the sack is awarded two points and the opposing drive stops.), 11 forced fumbles, a Ravens record 57 interceptions, and 12 career touchdowns. Reed has become a critical component on a feared Baltimore defense. He is sometimes referred to as the "Robin to the Batman." The "Batman" would be middle linebacker Ray Lewis, who played 16 great seasons on the Ravens. Reed won Super Bowl XLVII with the Ravens when they defeated the San Francisco 49ers 34-31.

On May 7, 2015, Reed signed a one-day contract with the Ravens and retired from playing professional football.

Personal
--------

Reed started the Eye of the Hurricane Foundation, which helps recovery efforts in Reed's home state of Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina badly damaged the region in 2005.

Other websites
--------------

* Ed Reed at NFL.com
The foil event was an open demonstration event next to the four official fencing events on the fencing at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. A total of 22 fencers from 12 nations competed and fenced 12 matches; eight matches in the French style and four in the Italian style. The matches took place on 23 July 1908, at the Prince's Hall in London from 21:00.

While, the men's foil event was an official event at the earliest three Olympics (1986, 1900 and 1904) and afterwards also from 1912, it was a demonstration event in 1908. The aim of the event was to demonstrate the different styles of foil fencing being practiced in the different countries. Because the styles were very different, it wasn’t possible to compare them. There were no official results of the matches, as the scores were not kept during the matches.

As it was the only open event, it was the only event that could be entered by women. British champion Millicent Hall entered for the event and so became the first women Olympic fencer, as official female medal events were on the Olympic programme from 1928.

Matches
-------

| Bout | Fencer 1 | Nation 1 | Fencer 2 | Nation 2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | John Jenkinson |  Great Britain | Robert Montgomerie |  Great Britain |
| 2 | Simon Okker |  Netherlands | Hans Bergsland |  Norway |
| 3 | Vilém Goppold z Lobsdorfu, Sr. |  Bohemia | Vlastimil Lada-Sázavský |  Bohemia |
| 4 | Ejnar Levison |  Denmark | Herbert Sander |  Denmark |
| 5 | Marcel Berré |  Belgium | Jean Delori |  Belgium |
| 6 | Riccardo Nowak |  Italy | Abelardo Olivier |  Italy |
| 7 | Walter Gates |  South Africa | Percy Nobbs |  Canada |
| 8 | Simon Okker |  Netherlands | Max Dwinger |  Netherlands |
| 9 | Péter Tóth |  Hungary | Béla Zulawszky |  Hungary |
| 10 | Albert Naumann |  Germany | Jakob Erckrath de Bary |  Germany |
| 11 | Millicent Hall |  Great Britain | John Jenkinson |  Great Britain |
| 12 | Robert Quennessen |  France | Eugène Olivier |  France |
In this 1850 political cartoon, the artist attacks abolitionist, Free Soil, and other such interests of 1850 as dangers to the Union.
The **Free Soil Party** was, for a short duration, a political party in the United States. It was active in the 1848 and 1852 president elections, and in some state elections. It got lots of its strength from New York. Most of the important party members were former anti-slavery members of the Whig Party and the Democratic Party. Its main purpose was stopping slavery from spreading into the western lands, arguing that free men on free soil had a morally and economically better system than slavery. Also, many workers feared that slave labor would take away work for white workers.

The party membership was largely taken over by the Republican Party in 1854.

Further reading
---------------

* Frederick J. Blue; *Salmon P. Chase: A Life in Politics* 1987
* Frederick J. Blue. *The Free Soilers: Third Party Politics, 1848-54* (1973)
* Martin Duberman; *Charles Francis Adams, 1807-1886* 1968.
* Foner, Eric (1995). *Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War*. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195094972.
* T. C. Smith, *Liberty and Free Soil Parties in the Northwest* (New York, 1897)
* 1911 *Encyclopædia Britannica*.

Other websites
--------------

* "The Free Soil Banner". *digitallibrary.imcpl.org*. Archived from the original on 16 November 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
**Electrical tape** (or **insulating tape**) is a type of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape used primarily to insulate electrical wire and cable splices. This type of tape is capable of withstanding conditions of extreme temperatures, corrosion, humidity and high voltages. The tape is made of thin PVC material, usually 14mm wide; one side of the tape is impregnated with an adhesive. PVC has been chosen because it is a low-cost, flexible material and has excellent electrical insulating properties, although it has the disadvantage of hardening with time and heat.

Electrical tape, standard black

Development
-----------

Electrical tape #27
In the 1950s, vinyl emerged as a highly versatile material for a wide range of uses, from shower curtains to cable insulation. However, getting it to have the right characteristics to make a tape required a significant research effort.

An important ingredient in vinyl film was tricresyl phosphate (TCP), which was used as a plasticizer. Unfortunately, the TCP had a tendency to migrate, which gave the surface of the tape an oily quality, affecting the adhesive property of the tape. Therefore, the 3M research team began work on creating a reliable vinyl tape that had the right characteristics in terms of electrical insulation, physical resistance and chemical properties.

Experiments were carried out combining new plasticizers with the vinyl resin, which was white and floury in consistency. Finally in January 1946, the 3M team of inventors Snell, Oace, and Eastwood applied for a patent for a vinyl electrical insulating tape with a plasticizer and a non-sulfur-based rubbery adhesive. The first commercialized version of the tape was sold for wrapping wires.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Electrical tapes***.

* Electrical Taping Skills: A Lost Art?
* Electrical Tape Tips by KØFF
* ASTM D1000 - Test methods for electrical tapes
Edmundo Ros (1957)
**Edmundo Ros** OBE FRAM (7 December 1910 – 21 October 2011), born **Edmund William Ross**, was a Trinidadian-Venezuelan musician, vocalist, arranger and bandleader who made his career in Britain.

Ros's music featured three main types of music: Cuban music, Brazilian music and Caribbean calypsos. Of these genres, Cuban music was the most varied: it included the conga, the ballroom rumba, the mambo, and the cha-cha-cha. Ros introduced the Brazilian samba to England, and it became hugely popular. His *Wedding Samba* sold three millions copies on 78rpm. He was very popular during the 1950s and 60's.

The orchestrations for his band were designed to smooth the rough edges of Latin music. Ros emphasised the melodic aspects of the music, which he felt was necessary for his audiences. This is something he talked about after his retirement.

He was born in Port of Spain, Trinidad in 1910. He was brought up in Venezuela and went to a military college when he was 18. He learned to play the saxophone, euphonium and the drums. He played with the Venezuelan State Opera, and then won a scholarship to the Royal College of Music in London. He studied to be a conductor at the college in 1937. To earn extra money he played on recordings by other people, including Fats Waller, before starting his own band.

During the war he continued with his music, but also worked as an ambulance driver. After the war he opened the "Edmundo Ros Dinner and Supper Club". He recorded more than 50 albums, the most successful was *Rhythms Of the South* (Decca 1958), which sold more than a million copies.

He retired to Alicante, Spain in 1975, and made no more recordings. He received the OBE in 2000. He died in 2011 at the age of 100.
**David Simon** is an American journalist, screenwriter and producer.

Biography
---------

David Simon's journalistic career began with articles in the school newspaper. After graduating from college in 1983, he came to *The Baltimore Sun*, where he worked for twelve years. In the newspaper, Simon dealt with criminal issues.

In 1991, his first documentary, *Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets. The book was based on his experiences shadowing the Baltimore Police Department homicide unit during 1988.* Focusing on work in the series. Simon left the newspaper in 1995. 

Simon was the creator, show runner, executive producer and head writer of the HBO drama series *The Wire*.

Simon produced and wrote *Generation Kill* for HBO with Ed Burns.The miniseries is an adaption of the non-fiction book of the same name. It relates the first 40 days of the 2003 invasion of Iraq as experienced by 1st Reconnaissance Battalion and their embedded reporter, Evan Wright. 

In 2014, HBO greenlit production for Simon's next project *Show Me a Hero.* The miniseries is an adaptation of the nonfiction book of the same name by Lisa Belkin and tells the story of Nick Wasicsko, the youngest big-city mayor in the nation who finds himself thrust into racial controversy when a federal court orders to build a small number of low-income housing units in the white neighborhoods of Yonkers, New York. 

Simon is married to writer Laura Lippman.

Bibliography
------------

* 1991   — *Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets*
* 1997 — *The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood* (co-authored with Ed Burns)

Filmography
-----------

* 1993  — 1999   - "Slaughterhouse" / *Homicide: Life on the Street* (screenwriter, producer)
* 1996 — « New York Police "/ *NYPD Blue* (screenwriter)
* 2000  — "Corner" / *The Corner* (screenwriter, producer)
* 2002  — 2008 — "Eavesdropping" / *The Wire* (screenwriter, producer)
* 2008  — "Generation kill "(screenwriter, producer)
* 2010 — 2013   — "*Treme"* (screenwriter, producer)
* 2015   — "*Show Me a Hero"* (showrunner, producer, screenwriter)
Coordinates: 21°1′57″N 105°50′23″E﻿ / ﻿21.03250°N 105.83972°E﻿ / 21.03250; 105.83972

Flag Tower of Hanoi
The **Flag Tower of Hanoi** (Vietnamese: *Cột cờ Hà Nội*) is a tower in Hanoi, Vietnam. It is one of the symbols of the city. It is part of the Hanoi Citadel, a World Heritage Site. The tower is 33.4 metres (110 ft) tall, not counting the flag.

History
-------

The tower was built in 1812. Unlike many other structures in Hanoi, it was not destroyed during the French administration (1896-1897). It was used as a military post. It is now in the Vietnam Military History Museum.

Architecture
------------

The building has three tiers (levels). The tower is pyramid-shaped. A spiral staircase inside leads to the top. There are 42 windows. Of the windows, 36 are shaped like flowers and 6 are shaped like fans. The National Flag of Vietnam is on top of the tower.

The words "*Nghênh Húc*" (English: "To welcome dawn's sunlight") are on the eastern door. The words "*Hà Quang*" ("To reflect light") are on the western door. The words "*Hướng Minh*" ("Directed to the sunlight") are on the southern door.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Flag Tower of Hanoi***.

* A description of the tower Archived 2006-04-28 at the Wayback Machine
* A photo of the tower Archived 2012-02-04 at the Wayback Machine
* Satellite photo at Google Maps
*This article is about Edo. For more information, see Tokyo (disambiguation).*
**Edo** (江戸) is the former name of the Japanese capital **Tokyo**, and was the seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868. During this period it grew to become one of the largest cities in the world.

History
-------

The site of the city, on what is now known as Tokyo Bay, had been settled for several centuries, but first became historically significant with the building of Edo Castle in 1457 by order of Ōta Dōkan. Kyoto was the site of the Japanese emperor's residence and the capital of Japan for many centuries, until the Tokugawa shogunate was established in 1603 and Edo became its seat of government. From that point Kyoto remained merely the formal capital of the country, while the *de facto* capital was now Edo, the center of real political power. Edo consequently rapidly grew from what had been a small, virtually unknown fishing village in 1457 to a big city of 1,000,000 residents by 1721, the largest city in the world at the time.

In 1868, when the shogunate came to an end, the city was renamed *Tokyo*, meaning "eastern capital", and the emperor moved his residence to Tokyo, making the city the formal capital of Japan.

Gallery
-------

Edo, 1865 or 1866. Five albumen prints joined to form panorama. Photographer: Felice Beato

Related pages
-------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Edo***.

* Edo period
**Trisomy 18**, also known as **Edwards syndrome** is a trisomy. It is a genetic disorder. People with trisomy 18 have three copies of chromosome 18. "Normal" people have two copies of the chromosome. It is named after John H. Edwards, who first described the syndrome in 1960. It is the second most common autosomal trisomy, after Down Syndrome, that carries to term. 

It is estimated that about one in 3,000 live births are affected. The incidence increases as the mother's age increases. The syndrome has a very low rate of survival. People with Edwards syndrome often have heart abnormalities, kidney malformations, and other internal organ disorders. 

About 95% of the babies with Edwards syndrome die before they are born. About half of all babies born with the condition will reach two months of age, and only 5-10% will survive for a year. The median life span is five to fifteen days. One percent of children born with this syndrome live to age ten, typically in cases of the less severe mosaic Edwards syndrome.
**Elmore John Leonard, Jr.** (October 11, 1925 – August 20, 2013) was an American novelist and screenwriter. 

His best-known works are *Get Shorty*, *Out of Sight*, *Hombre*, *Mr. Majestyk*, and *Rum Punch*. He was also writing for the TV series *Justified*.

Leonard was born on October 11, 1925 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was raised in Detroit, Michigan. Leonard studied at the University of Detroit.

Leonard was married to Beverly Cline from 1949 until they divorced in 1977. Then he was married to Joan Shepard from 1979 until her death in 1993. Then he was married to Christine Kent from 1993 until his death in 2013. He had five children with Cline.

Leonard spent the last years of his life with his family in Oakland County, Michigan. He suffered a stroke on July 29, 2013. Reports stated that Leonard was recovering from the stroke.

On August 20, 2013, Leonard died at his home in Bloomfield Hills (a Detroit suburb) of complications from the stroke. He was 87 years old.

Other websites
--------------


Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: ***Elmore Leonard***

 Media related to Elmore Leonard at Wikimedia Commons

* Official website
* Elmore Leonard on IMDb
* Elmore Leonard memorial page[*permanent dead link*]
**Edmond Charles Octave Michelet** was a French politician, born October 8, 1899 in Paris 19th, and died October 9, 1970 in Brive-la-Gaillarde (Corrèze).

On June 17, 1940, he distributed leaflets in mailboxes in Brive denouncing the spirit of surrender and thus calling for the Resistance through a work by Charles Péguy, L'Argent, suite. He takes up a leaflet with a text by Péguy: "He who does not surrender is right against those who surrender".

People come into contact with Edmond Michelet, ensuring the distribution of the underground press, in particular Combat and the communist newspapers Germain Auboiroux, Robert Delord, Henry and his brother Édouard Valéry.

Leader of the Resistance Combat movement in Limousin (region R5) under the name of Duval, he was arrested on February 25, 1943 in Brive-la-Gaillarde by the Gestapo. Transferred to Fresnes where he was held in solitary confinement, he was deported in September 1943 to Dachau.

Elected deputy for Corrèze under the MRP label in 1945, Edmond Michelet became Minister of the Armies under General de Gaulle on November 21, 1945, a position he held until December 16, 1946. Reelected deputy in 1946 (Second National Constituent Assembly and National Assembly), he sat at the Palais-Bourbon but was defeated in 1951.

He was a senator for the Seine between 1952 and 1959 (vice-president of the Council of the Republic in 1958).

In 1963, at the request of General de Gaulle, he founded the France-Algeria Association. Edmond Michelet became Minister of State, in charge of the Civil Service, from April 6, 1967 to May 31, 1968 (Georges Pompidou IV government), then succeeded André Malraux as Minister of Cultural Affairs, from June 20, 1969 to his death (Jacques government Chaban-Delmas).

A fine connoisseur of Charles Péguy, he befriended the De Gaulle family, or the painter Marc Chagall. André Malraux said of him that he was "the chaplain of France".

The solemn funeral for Edmond Michelet takes place in the Collegiate Church of Saint-Martin in Brive-la-Gaillarde, a mass will be concelebrated by eight priests, former deportees from the Dachau concentration camp. A speech by the Prime Minister, Jacques Chaban-Delmas. the burial took place, in accordance with the wishes of the deceased, in the chapel of Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix then in his deportee's habit from Dachau. Edmond Michelet had it built in 1959, a hundred meters from his house in Marcillac.