recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Map of Corfu
**Corfu** (or *Kerkyra*) is the seventh-largest Greek island. It is in the Ionian Sea northwest of Greece. The island has a total area of 1,540 km2 (590 sq mi). In 2001, 109,537 people lived on the island. Corfu city is the largest city on Corfu.

History
-------

In ancient times, Corfu was a colony of ancient Corinth. This colony was one of the causes for beginning the Peloponnesian War. Later, the island became a part of the Roman Empire. It was also a part of the Byzantine Empire. The island has been controlled by many countries. In the thirteenth century, the Venetians took control of the island. They controlled it until 1797. During this time, the Ottomans attacked the island two times. They attacked in 1537 and again in 1716. Under Napoleon's rule, the French took the island. They lost control of it to the Russians and Turks in 1799. Control of the island was given back to the French in 1807 and in 1815 to the English. In 1864, the United Kingdom gave Corfu, with the other Ionian islands, to Greece. In the nineteenth century, the Empress Elisabeth of Austria, also known as Sissi, built a palace on the island. The palace is known as Achilleion. The name of the palace comes from a statue of an ancient hero, Achilles.

Tourism
-------

The old castle of Corfu city
Tourism is a very large part of the economy of Corfu. It is one of the most touristic islands in the Mediterranean Sea. Every year, many tourists visit the island. Corfu has many forests and olive trees. It also has many beaches. There are many other places of interest on the island. The city of Corfu has an appearance from an older time. It has many Venetian, Napoleonic, and Georgian buildings. The town is an UNESCO monument. A very important place is Achilleion. It was the palace of Empress Sissi. The rest of island has many villages, beaches and famous castles.

Cape Drastis
The island is also well known for entertainment. There are many places which have entertainment. These include bars, night clubs and cafes. The part of the island which is full of places of entertainment is Kavos. Kavos is popular with English tourists.

Other websites
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide about: ***Corfu***

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**Medieval Kangleipak** or **Medieval Manipur** refers to a long period of history of Manipur between the "ancient period" and the "modern period". It encompasses the 15th century AD to the 19th century AD.

Monument of Bheigyachandra Maharaj in Manipur

Periods
-------

### Early medieval period

A temple dedicated to Vishnu, built in Bishnupur
The start of the period is typically taken to be the slow collapse of the Ancient Meitei faith, during the reign of Meidingu Senbi Kiyamba (1467-1507). It was during his reign the Brahmin people migrated to the kingdom and the microscopic volume of Vaishnavism proceeded with the worship of the Pheiya (sacred stone from Pong kingdom) as Hindu God Vishnu.

### Late medieval period

A Hindu temple of medieval times in Manipur kingdom.
During the reign of Emperor Pamheiba Garib Niwaz (1709-1748), the name of the kingdom was changed from "Kangleipak" into "Manipur". It is during his regime the religion of the entire Meitei ethnicity was forcibly converted from Sanamahism into Hinduism. In 1729 AD, Puya Mei Thaba, the historic burning of the sacred scriptures of Sanamahism took place.

Related pages
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* History of modern Manipur
* Kuranganayani

Gallery
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Sources
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* 
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Further reading
---------------

* Archived 2022-05-27 at the Wayback Machine
* 
*
Notice in dentists in Longsight 2023
**Dentistry in the United Kingdom** is partly a free part of the National Health Service and partly paid for privately. Most dentists run private businesses. UK dentists are regulated by the General Dental Council  and the Care Quality Commission. If they do NHS work they are paid for activity. There are contracts which sets down what they will be paid for and how much. They are different in the different part of the United Kingdom.

Before the NHS started in 1948 many people paid to have their teeth taken out because they were afraid of the cost of dentistry. In 2023 there were still many people over the age of 85 with no teeth.

People who qualify for the NHS Low Income Scheme do not have to pay, but they have to find a dentist who does NHS work. Other people have to pay standard charges - £23.80 for an examination, £65.20 for fillings, root canal treatment and removing teeth or £282.80 for more complex procedures, such as crowns, dentures and bridges. (2023 prices)

In 2023 many dentists had stopped taking on NHS patients. Only one in five dental practices in Scotland were taking on new NHS patients.
The **rate equation** (or **rate law**) is an equation used to calculate the speed of a chemical reaction (or **rate of reaction**). For a general reaction *a*A + *b*B → C, the rate equation is: 

{\displaystyle v\;=\;k[\mathrm {A} ]^{x}[\mathrm {B} ]^{y}}
Here, [A] and [B] are the concentrations of A and B. *x* and *y* depend on which step is rate-determining. If the reaction mechanism is a very simple one, where A and B hit each other and then go to products through one transition state, then *x*=*a* and *y*=*b*. *k* is the rate constant of the reaction. This changes with temperature, pressure and other conditions.

The rate equation is a differential equation. If it is integrated, then an equation which tells how the concentration of reagents and products changes with time is found.

In special cases, it is very easy to solve the equation and find *k*. For example, in a first-order reaction the equation is:

{\displaystyle v=-{\frac {d[A]}{dt}}=k[A]}
Integrating gives:

{\displaystyle \ \ln {[A]}=-kt+\ln {[A]\_{0}}}
So, a plot of {\displaystyle \ln {[A]}} against time *t* gives a straight line with a slope of {\displaystyle -k}.

Sometimes, experiments can be made so that the reaction looks like a first-order one. If the concentration of one reagent is kept at the same high value then it can be thought of as a constant. The equation becomes {\displaystyle v=k[A][B]=k'[A]} where k' is the pseudo-first order rate constant. Then the method above can be used to calculate k'.
***Mandingo*** is a 1975 movie based on the book *Mandingo* by Kyle Onstott and upon the play based thereon by Jack Kirkland. The movie was directed by Richard Fleischer. The movie tells the story of a plantation family and their slaves. The movie was a box office hit, but critical reviews were mixed.

Main cast
---------

* Warren Maxwell, a plantation owner - James Mason
* Hammond Maxwell, his son - Perry King
* Blanche, Hammond's wife - Susan George
* Mede, Hammond's slave - Ken Norton
* Ellen, Hammond's slave - Brenda Sykes

Story
-----

The movie is set on Falconhurst, a run-down plantation owned by widower Warren Maxwell and his son Hammond. Hammond's Mandingo slave Ganymede, or Mede is trained to fight other slaves. Hammond neglects his wife Blanche whom he rejects on their wedding night after discovering she was not a virgin. Hammond instead rapes his slave Ellen while Blanche forces Mede to lay with her. These various, conflicting infidelities all eventually come together causing the movie to end tragically with the deaths of most of the main characters.

Response
--------

Upon its release in 1975, critical response was mixed although box office was strong. Roger Ebert despised the film and gave it a "zero star" rating. Richard Schickel of *TIME* found the film boring and cliché-ridden. Movie critic Robin Wood was enthusiastic about the movie, calling it "the greatest film about race ever made in Hollywood". In Leonard Maltin's annual publication *Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide* the movie is ranked as a "BOMB" and dismissed with the word "Stinko!"

Some prominent critics hail the film, including the *New York Times* columnist Dave Kehr, who called it "a thinly veiled Holocaust film that spares none of its protagonists," further describing it as "Fleischer’s last great crime film, in which the role of the faceless killer is played by an entire social system." Director Quentin Tarantino has cited *Mandingo* as one of only two instances "in the last twenty years [that] a major studio made a full-on, gigantic, big-budget exploitation movie", comparing it to *Showgirls*.

Other websites
--------------

* *Mandingo* on IMDb
* Trailer[*permanent dead link*] at Trailers From Hell
***The Lobster Fisherman*** (which translates to "L'Aragostaio") is an artist's multiple by the Italian artist Giovanni De Martino, made in 1875, in bronze, it measures 35 x 56 centimeters, and is part of the Collection of the Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art in Varese.

Description
-----------

The fisher child represents a crustacean seller, and will be reprized in the 1916 work "Le Pêcheur de criquets" by De Martino.
De Martino's most precious works concern the representations of the children of the people, and for this reason he was also called "the sculptor of children", in which he highlights a great ability to represent in a realistic way the expressions and characters of children.

Benito Mussolini during the Rome quadrennial in 1931 indicated him as an important exponent of Italian art.
Giovanni de Martino's sculptures highlight his empathic closeness to the humbler classes, re-entering the movement of social realism.

The surface of the sculpture is shiny and dark with a slightly golden tone. For this reason, the light creates decisive contrasts of brightness that highlight the volumes of the body and mark the anatomical modeling.

Museum
------

Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art in Varese.

Exhibition history
------------------

* Il Bello o il Vero. La Scultura Napoletana del Secondo Ottocento e del Primo Novecento, Basilica e Convento di San Domenico Maggiore, Nicola Longobardi Editore, Napoli, 2014

Related pages
-------------

* Giovanni De Martino

### Notes

Bibliography
------------

* Isabella Valente, Il Bello o il Vero. La Scultura Napoletana del Secondo Ottocento e del Primo Novecento, Basilica e Convento di San Domenico Maggiore, Nicola Longobardi Editore, Napoli, 2014
* Luigi Iaccarino, Mimmo Di Guida, Rossella Manzione, Novevento, un secolo di "novecento", tra collezionismo privato ed esposizioni pubbliche, Edizioni Vincent, Napoli, 2010

Other websites
--------------

* Giovanni De Martino, Lombardia Beni culturali
Lincoln Center
**Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts** is a group of building in New York city used for showing performing arts. It is a 16.3-acre (6.6-hectare) complex of buildings. The Lincoln Center is located in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Henry Timms is the president. The Lincoln Square neighborhood was named for United States President Abraham Lincoln.

History and facilities
----------------------

A group of civic leaders led by John D. Rockefeller III built Lincoln Center. It was part of the "Lincoln Square Renewal Project" during Robert Moses's program of urban renewal in the 1950s and 1960s. Respected architects were contracted to design the major buildings on the site. Over the next thirty years the area around Lincoln Center became a new cultural hub.

Rockefeller was Lincoln Center's first president in 1956. He became its chairman in 1961. Rockefeller is credited with raising more than half of the $184.5 million in private funds needed to build the complex. The center's three buildings, Avery Fisher Hall (formerly Philharmonic Hall), David H. Koch Theater (formerly the New York State Theater) and the Metropolitan Opera House were opened in 1962, 1964 and 1966, respectively.

The center may have been named because it was located in the Lincoln Square neighborhood. It is unclear whether the area was named as a tribute to U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. The name was bestowed on the area in 1906 by the New York City Board of Aldermen. The records give no reason for choosing that name.
For other uses, see Garibaldi (disambiguation).

The **Garibaldi**, known historically also as the **Catalina goldfish** and **marine goldfish** and now commonly as the **Garibaldi damselfish** (***Hypsypops rubicundus***) is a species of bright orange fish in the damselfish family. It is found in the subtropical northeastern part of the Pacific Ocean. The English name, Garibaldi, is based on an Italian surname and is a reference to the Italian general and political figure Giuseppe Garibaldi, whose followers often wore a characteristic scarlet or red shirt. As is the case in all damselfish, male Garibaldis aggressively defend the nest site after the female lays eggs.

Description
-----------

Adult fish in this species are orange in color. It is the largest member of the damselfish family and can grow up to 38 cm (15 in) in length. Young ones are more reddish, and have many small iridescent (glowing, reflective) blue spots, which they lose as they become adult. Adult Garibaldis also have a more opaque tail and dorsal fin. The Garibaldi is the official marine state fish of California and is protected in Californian coastal waters.

Gallery
-------

* 
* 
* 
*

Where they live
---------------

Garibaldis are found in water from a depth of up to 30 metres (98 ft) depth, usually near rock reefs, and typically over rocky sea-bottoms. This species is native to the north-eastern subtropical parts of the Pacific Ocean, ranging from Monterey Bay, California, to Guadalupe Island, Baja California.

Behavior
--------

Garibaldis feed mainly on invertebrates, which they remove from the rocks. Like most damselfish, adult Garibaldis maintain a home territory. The male clears a sheltered nest site within his territory; the female then deposits eggs within the nest. The male guards the nest area until the eggs hatch, which takes 19–21 days. During the time period that the eggs are developing, the male Garibaldi aggressively tries to keep all other fish away from the (very edible) eggs, and will boldly attack much larger swimming creatures, including humans, to the point of biting divers in order to try to drive them away from the area where the eggs are deposited.

In aquarium
-----------

It is peaceful during the juvenile period. But as long as the body is slightly larger, it will show territorial rights to other meek fish and compete with other small fish for territory.
***Neoglyphidodon melas***, also known as the **bowtie damselfish**, **black damsel**, **bluefin** or **royal damsel**, is a species of damselfish found in the Indo-West Pacific. It often makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to a size of 18 cm (7.1 in) in length.

Distribution and habitat
------------------------

The black damselfish is found throughout the Indo-Pacific in coral reefs and lagoons. In the Indian Ocean, they are found around the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf, eastern Africa, Madagascar, Seychelles, the Arabian Sea, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, the Andaman Sea, Indonesia, and western Australia. In the Pacific Ocean, they are found in areas around Indonesia, Australia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Taiwan, Japan, Papua New Guinea, Palau, Vanuatu, and the Solomon Islands. they are found in depths of 1 to 36 metres (3.3 to 118.1 ft) under sea level.

Description
-----------

The adults of this species can grow up to 18 cm (7.1 in) in length. The colors of the adults are blueish black. Juveniles are mostly pale blue with a yellow dorsal surface. They have blue pelvic and anal fins with black interior rays.

Ecology
-------

Fish of this species are typically found alone or in pairs. Young ones are encountered around Acropora corals. Adults are found around clams of the genus Tridacna and sometimes feed on their waste.

### Diet

*Neoglyphidodon melas* is an omnivorous (eat everything) species of damselfish which feeds on a variety of things. Younger juveniles feed only on plankton. Older juveniles of this species add soft corals to their diet. Young adults feed on Tridacna clam feces, with feces consumption increasing with age and size.

### Behavior

Adults are territorial towards one another and will defend territorial borders. Large adults are observed to be aggressive to smaller individuals. The larger the individual, the more aggressive it gets. They are also known to attack larger fish than themselves.

In the aquarium
---------------

This species of fish is often found in the aquarium hobby. In the aquarium, this fish species can grow to a maximum size of 16 cm (6.3 in). The average lifespan of this species in captivity is 2 to 3 years. As for most marine species, it is kept in a pH of 8.1 to 8.4, and a water hardness of 6° to 10°. Most people will keep this fish alone.

Breeding
--------

Adults pair up when they are breeding. The eggs are laid in the substrate. Once the eggs are laid, the male guards and aerates the eggs until they hatch.
An **odor** or **odour** is a volatilized chemical compound, usually at a very low concentration, which humans and other animals perceive by the sense of olfaction.

Odors are also called **smells**, which can be used to describe both pleasant and unpleasant odors. The words **fragrance**, **scent**, or **aroma** are used mostly by the food and cosmetic industry to describe a pleasant odor, and is sometimes used to refer to perfumes. On the other hand, the words **stench**, **reek**, and **stink** are used specifically to describe unpleasant odors.

Basics
------

Odor is a sensation caused by molecules dissolved in air.
The widest range of odors are made up of organic compounds although some inorganic substances, such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, are also odorants.
The perception of an odor effect is a two step process.
First, there is the physiological part; the sense of the stimulus by receptors in the nose.
After that the psychological part follows. The stimuli are processed by the region of the human brain which is responsible for smelling.

Because of this, an objective and analytical measure of odor is impossible.
While odor feelings are very personal perceptions, individual reactions are related to gender, age, state of health and private affectations. Common odors that people are used to, such as their own body odor, are less noticeable to individuals than external or uncommon odors.

For most people, the process of smelling gives little information concerning the ingredients of a substance. It only offers information related to the emotional impact. However, experienced people, such as flavorists and perfumers can pick out individual chemicals in complex mixes through smell alone.

Odor analysis
-------------

The concentrations of odorant in Germany are defined by the "Olfaktometrie" since the 1870s. In this connection it's about the standard method to define the sense barrier of odors on basis the thinner of concentrated odor loaded assays. Following parameters are defined: odor substance concentration, intensity of odor and hedonism assessment.

Pheromones
----------

Pheromones are odors that are deliberately used for communication. A female moth may release a pheromone that can entice a male moth that is several kilometers away. Honeybee queens constantly release pheromones that regulate the activity of the hive. Workers can release such smells to call other bees into an appropriate cavity when a swarm moves in or to "sound" an alarm when the hive is threatened.

In mammals, some pathway of pheromones identification are in the vomeronasal organ and some in olfactory receptors.

Related pages
-------------

* Incense
* Olfaction

Other websites
--------------

* Odors categorized by main chemical constituent and organized by odor class, percept, etc.
**Veolia Environnement S.A.**, branded as **Veolia**, is a French multinational corporation. It is headquartered in Paris. Veolia operates in four main areas of the full-cycle economy: water supply and water treatment (for both municipal and industrial customers), public services (including cleaning and waste disposal), energy (power supply, microclimate support, installation and maintenance of energy and heating equipment), transport services (airport maintenance, management of rail transport and urban public transport).

History
-------

In 1853, by imperial decree, the "Compagnie Générale des Eaux" (CGE) was created, which was engaged in the irrigation of fields and the supply of water to cities and villages (the first contract was the supply of Lyon, in 1860 the company received a concession for the supply of water in Paris). In 1867, a street cleaning company was founded in Nantes, and in 1870, another rag and paper collection company opened in Rouen and Chaun (both firms merged with CGE in 1980 and 1990, respectively). In 1875, the Compagnie Générale Française de Tramways (CGFT) was founded, which operated the tramways in Le Havre, Nancy and Marseille (it also merged with the CGE in 1980). In 1880, CGE entered the market of Venice, in 1882 - in Istanbul, in 1883 - in Porto, in 1884 - in Reims.

In December 2016, CDC finally bought 20% shares from Veolia. As a result, Veolia's share on the company reduced to 30%. This was sold in January 2019, marking Veolia's exit from the transport sector.
**Healthcare in the Netherlands** is based on 160 primary care centres, open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Some of them are on hospital sites. To use hospital services most people need to be sent by a GP. The vast majority of GPs and all the pharmacies and hospitals use electronic health records.

There are about 90 hospital organisations in the Netherlands. Some of them have more than one actual physical hospital. They are mostly privately run non-profit foundations.

Everybody has to have health insurance. There are 1400 different insurance packages. The price is not allowed to be related to health status or age. There are two kinds:

* Zorgverzekeringswet (Zvw), often called "basic insurance', covers common medical care.
* Wet langdurige zorg (Wlz) covers long-term nursing and care.

For short-term health care the cost is met 50% from employers, 45% from the insured person and 5% by the government. People under 18 are free. Although there is help with the cost from the government poorer people can often end up paying between 20-25% of their income in healthcare costs.
**Healthcare in Estonia** is supervised by the Ministry of Social Affairs. It is paid for by general taxation.

Estonia's health care system is based on compulsory insurance. All the providers of health services are businesses governed by private law. The Estonian Health Insurance Fund pays for all the public healthcare. It takes 13% of the employee's social tax.

The majority of general practitioners work for themselves, privately owned businesses, or local governments. Most of the hospitals are either created by the government, municipalities, or other public organizations, or they are limited businesses owned by the local government. If a hospital has a contract with the Fund, the Estonian Health Insurance Fund will pay for necessary treatments received in a private hospital.

An insured person must be either a permanent resident or a legal resident who pays the social tax. Insured people all get the healthcare they need. It does not matter how much they have paid. About 95% of the people are covered.

All health care providers in Estonia must give the health information about their patients to the digital health information system. Estonia's electronic record system is thought to be very good.  It started in 1998 - before most other countries. From 2008 it covered the whole country. It is used by both hospitals and GPs. Patients can see all their own records and control who else sees them. Prescriptions are almost all electronic.
Café Zimmerman, where the cantata was performed
***Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht*, BWV 211**, also known as the ***Coffee Cantata***, is a cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. Unlike most of his other cantatas, it is not a religious cantata. It is a cantata about coffee.

History
-------

Bach was the leader of the collegium musicum in Leipzig. He performed concerts in Café Zimmermann, a coffeehouse in Leipzig. The text of the cantata was published by Picander in 1732. Bach may have written the music around 1734.

In Bach's time, coffee was expensive. People also thought that drinking coffee was not a good thing.

Plot
----

The cantata begins with the narrator telling the audience to be quiet. Schlendrian enters with his daughter, Liesgen. He is angry because Liesgen likes to drink coffee. Schlendrian threatens to take away everything from Liesgen if she does not stop drinking coffee. Liesgen does not care. Finally, Schlendrian threatens that Liesgen will never get a husband if she does not stop drinking coffee. Liesgen promises to stop drinking coffee. Schlendrian leaves to find Liesgen a husband. Liesgen secretly says that her new husband must allow her to make her coffee whenever she wants. The narrator, Liesgen, and Schlendrian sing a closing chorus together.

Structure
---------

The cantata is written for soprano (as Liesgen), tenor (as the narrator), and bass (as Schlendrian) soloists, a flute, two violins, and basso continuo. It has ten movements. Bach never wrote an opera in his life. Even so, the cantata can be thought of as a mini-opera.

1. Recitative: Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht
2. Aria: Hat man nicht mit seinen Kindern
3. Recitative: Du böses Kind, du loses Mädchen
4. Aria: Ei! wie schmeckt der Coffee süße
5. Recitative: Wenn du mir nicht den Coffee läßt
6. Aria: Mädchen, die von harten Sinnen
7. Recitative: Nun folge, was dein Vater spricht
8. Aria: Heute noch, Lieber Vater, tut es doch
9. Recitative: Nun geht und sucht der alte
10. Chorus: Die Katze läßt das Mausen nicht

Other websites
--------------


German Wikisource has original writing related to this article:
**Über den Caffe**

* Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht, BWV 211: performance by the Netherlands Bach Society (video and background information)
* Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht, BWV 211: Free scores at the International Music Score Library Project
* Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht: history, scoring, Bach website (in German)
* BWV 211 Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht: English translation, University of Vermont
* Bach Cantata Translations Archived 2020-11-11 at the Wayback Machine: German libretto with parallel English translation by Pamela Dellal

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***Mistletoe*** is the common name for a group of semi-parasitic plants in the order Santalales. They grow attached by a haustorium to the branches of trees or shrubs.
It is not the name of any one plant: rather, it is a name given to plants which have a particular growth-habit.

The different mistletoes have white fruit (berries), and are parasitic on trees and shrubs. The name was invented in Europe, for local mistletoes. Similar parasitic plants are found in other parts of the world.

Species
-------

The name was first given to *Viscum album* (European mistletoe, Santalaceae), the only species native in Great Britain and much of Europe. Later the name was given to other related species, including *Phoradendron serotinum* (the eastern mistletoe of eastern North America, also Santalaceae).

The largest family of mistletoes, Loranthaceae, has 73 genera and over 900 species.

In culture and myths
--------------------

European mistletoe played a large role in Greek mythology, and is believed to be The Golden Bough of Aeneas, ancestor of the Romans. The Norse god Baldr was killed with mistletoe.

In Romanian traditions, mistletoe (*vâsc* in Romanian) is considered a source of good fortune.

William Shakespeare mentions it in *Titus Andronicus*, Act II, Scene I: "Overcome with moss and baleful mistletoe".

Mistletoe is often used as a Christmas decoration. *Viscum album* is used in Europe and *Phoradendron serotinum* is used in North America. According to custom, the mistletoe must not touch the ground between its cutting and its removal as the last of Christmas greens at Candlemas; it may remain hanging through the year, often to preserve the house from lightning or fire, until it was replaced the following Christmas Eve.

Mistletoe (*Phoradendron flavescens*) is the state floral emblem for the State of Oklahoma.

### Kissing under mistletoe at Christmas

According to a custom during Christmas, any two people who meet under a hanging of mistletoe are urged to kiss. The custom started in Scandinavia.

Other websites
--------------


The Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for:

 ***mistletoe***.

* The Mistletoe Center
* About mistletoe
* Parasitic plant connection. See families Misodendraceae, Loranthaceae, Santalaceae, and Viscaceae
* *Phoradendron serotinum* images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu Archived 2009-01-15 at the Wayback Machine
* Scientific studies, research and clinical trials on mistletoe treatment in cancer Archived 2007-10-08 at the Wayback Machine
**Mamer** is a commune and small town in the Capellen canton, south-western Luxembourg. It is at 7 km (4.3 mi) west of Luxembourg City.

History
-------

The Treveri, a Gallic or Celtic tribe, inhabited the region for several hundred years until they were conquered by Julius Caesar in 54 BC. A Celtic necropolis from the 1st century was discovered in the early 1970s on the *Juckelsboesch* plateau between Mamer and Kehlen.

During the Gallo-Roman era which lasted until about 450, the Romans built and maintained a number of roads in the area including the *Kiem* (Latin *caminus*, road) linking Trier to Reims through what is now Mamer. *Mambra* was a small Roman settlement on the banks of the Mamer river at the eastern end of today's Mamer. The Roman settlement was burnt by Germanic invaders around 276.

The road linking Luxembourg City to Brussels, passing through Mamer, was built in 1790. In 1859, the railway to Brussels was opened, with a station in Mamer.

Geography
---------

Mamer is in the south-west of the country, on the Mamer river, a tributary of the Alzette river.

The *commune* has an area of 27.5 km2 (10.6 sq mi). The altitude is 263–353 m (863–1,158 ft) high. At the church, the altitude is 297 m (974 ft) high; the highest point in the *commune* is *Juckelbösch* that is 353 m (1,158 ft).

Mamer is surrounded by seven *communes* of Luxembourg: Koerich and Kehlen to the north, Strassen to the east, Bertrange to the southeast, Dippach to the southwest, Garnich to the west and Steinfort to the northwest. The *communes* Strassen and Bertrange are part of the Luxembourg canton but the rest are part of the Capellen canton.

| Places next to Mamer |
| --- |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Steinfort | Koerich, Kehlen |  |
| Garnich | 
**Mamer**
 | Strassen |
| Dippach |  | Bertrange |

 |

Population
----------

There were 9,185 persons living in the *commune* in 2017, for a population density of 334.0 inhabitants/km².

Other towns, besides the town of Mamer, within the *commune* are Capellen and Holzem.

**Evolution of the population in Mamer**

People from Mamer
-----------------

* Nicolaus Mameranus (1500–1567), soldier and historian under Emperor Charles V.
* Nicolas Frantz (1889–1985), cyclist, who won the Tour de France in 1927 and 1928.
* Josy Barthel (1927–1992), athlete, who won the 1500 m gold medal at the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki.

Twinned and partner towns
-------------------------

Mamer is twinned withː

* France Dangé Saint-Romain, France

Gallery
-------

* Statue of Nicolaus Mameranus.Statue of Nicolaus Mameranus.
* Ruins of the Gallo-Roman baths.Ruins of the Gallo-Roman baths.
* Mamer parish church.Mamer parish church.
* Cultural center Kinneksbond in Mamer.Cultural center Kinneksbond in Mamer.

Related pages
-------------

* Cantons of Luxembourg
* Communes of Luxembourg
* List of cities in Luxembourg

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Mamer***.

* Official website (in French)
**Roxalana "Roxana" Druse** (c. 1847 – February 28, 1887), was the last woman hanged in New York. She was the first woman hanged in 40 years in Central New York. Her execution didn't kill her instantly, and New York stopped using the gallows and started using the electric chair instead in 1890.

Mrs. Druse murdered her husband, William Druse, in their home in Warren, New York. She killed him by shooting him and decapitating him with an axe. Her son and daughter, George and Mary Druse, and nephew Frank Gates helped her kill her husband. Druse said that she killed her husband because he was abusive to her. She was sentenced to be hanged on February 28, 1887.

Murder of William Druse
-----------------------

A drawing of William Druse, Roxana's husband
On December 18, 1884, William Druse became a missing person. His family was Roxana Druse, his wife, Mary Druse, his 19 year old daughter, George Druse, his 10 year old son, and his 14 year old nephew Frank Gates.

Roxana said that she started to argue with William in the morning of the murder. Roxana took a revolver, and Mary put a rope around Williams neck while he was sitting at the breakfast table. Then, Roxana shot at William, but the revolver jammed. She told Frank to come inside, and gave the revolver to him, and told him to kill William or they would kill Frank. He shot William a few times, and Roxana took an axe and decapitated William.

She burned the rest of the body in the stove, and she said she would kill George and Frank if they confessed. She threw the ashes of Williams body in a pond, and the revolver and axe. On January 16, 1885, Frank confessed that they killed William. Roxana was arrested, and she also confessed. Druse said that she killed her husband because he was abusive to her.

Hanging
-------

On October 6, 1885 Roxana was sentenced to be hanged on November 25, 1885, but later she was sentenced to be hanged on February 28, 1887.

A drawing of Roxana's hanging
Roxana Druse cried the whole day before she was hanged. Roxana Druse was hanged on February 28, 1887 at 11:48 a.m. and she was pronounced dead at 12:03 p.m. Physicians said that her neck wasn't broken, and she died of strangulation. New York stopped using the gallows 2 years later in 1890, and started using the electric chair. Many people think that Roxana was innocent, and she only confessed so that the murderer didn't get caught.

Other websites
--------------

The Notorious Roxana Druce, Part 1

The Notorious Roxana Druce, Part 2
The **greylag goose** (*Anser anser*) is a species of large grey goose in the waterfowl family Anatidae. It is the largest goose. Its distribution is widespread. Birds from the north of its range in Europe and Asia migrate south to spend the winter in warmer places. 

It is the type species of the genus *Anser* and is the ancestor of the domestic goose. It has been domesticated at least since 1360 BC. The genus name is from *anser*, the Latin for "goose".

Greylag geese travel to their northerly breeding grounds in spring, nesting on moorlands, in marshes, around lakes and on coastal islands. They normally mate for life and nest on the ground among vegetation. A clutch of three to five eggs is laid. The female incubates the eggs and both parents defend and rear the young. The birds stay together as a family group, migrating southwards in autumn as part of a flock, and separating the following year. During the winter they occupy semi-aquatic habitats, estuaries, marshes and flooded fields, feeding on grass and agricultural crops. Some populations, such as those in Southern England and in urban areas, are resident and occupy the same area year-round.

Greylag goose.
Greylag goose can gather in very large flocks of thousands of individuals.
**Discrimination** is when someone is treated unfairly or differently because the person is one of a particular group. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights affirms that all persons must be protected against any kind of discrimination, or even its inciting.

A person might be discriminated against because of their race, age, sex, politics, sexual orientation, gender identity, religion,caste,the way they look, a past criminal record, the person's lifestyle, their choice of clothing, their age or their disabilities whether they are a member of or fit in with a social clique (group), social class, social status or caste, and many other reasons.

Discrimination can take many forms. It can include being fired from a job, not being able to be hired for a job, being paid less money than others at the same job, being refused a home or apartment, teasing, harassment, or simply being treated differently than other people. Laws known as "equal opportunity legislation" protect people from discrimination. They say people should be employed whatever their race, age, sex or religion. There should be reasonable care for people with disabilities or accessibility. Two people in the same position must be paid the same wage if they have exactly the same job.

In some countries, discrimination against somebody on the basis of race, sex, religion, sexual orientation, age, or disability is illegal. Even in those countries where discrimination is unlawful, it still takes place for reasons not covered by the law. In some other countries, discrimination against somebody is legal or even official government policy. This especially takes place in countries in which there is an official religion, and people of other religions are discriminated against.

* Ableism
* Ageism
* Antisemitism
* Homophobia
* Intersectionality
* Persecution
* Political correctness
* Prejudice
* Racism
* Sexism
* Casteism
* Social stigma
* Speciesism
* Transphobia
* Human rights
	+ Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Sketch of the Zodiac Killer, of the late 1960s, and possibly early 1970s. His identity is unknown.
Jack the Ripper, was a serial killer in London, in the late 19th century. This is an illustration in a newspaper, of 1888.
A **serial killer** is someone who murders several people at different times (similar killers of more than one person are mass murderers and spree killers). The victims are usually people the serial killer does not know, and the killer commits his crimes to get a certain kind of excitement or other feeling. They usually have no practical motive such as robbery or revenge.

*Serial killer* first became a commonly used phrase for this kind of killer in the 1970s. This was the result of the crimes of people like Ted Bundy and John Wayne Gacy. Jack the Ripper is thought by many to be one of the first serial killers that many people knew about, even though his victims were killed long before the phrase was invented.

A serial killer's crimes are nearly always alike in some way. The killer may only attack a certain type of person, for instance women of a certain age or appearance (young or old, blonde or dark-haired). He may always use the same kind of weapon to kill his victims, or may treat them in a certain manner, such as tying them up with the same kind of rope or adhesive tape. Some serial killers have had very strange habits which leave evidence of their work at each crime; for instance Albert de Salvo, the Boston Strangler, would tie the cord with which he had strangled a woman around her neck in a special bow. To law enforcement officers a serial killer's habits are known as his signature, and they are always valuable leads in detecting who he is and capturing him.

Some of the worst serial killers have been doctors. Harold Shipman, a British general practitioner, is thought to have killed up to 250 of his patients. John Bodkin Adams, also British, is thought to have killed 163 patients. Burke and Hare, the 'resurrectionists', killed to sell bodies to a doctor, Robert Knox.
**Wiltz** (Luxembourgish: *Wolz*) is a commune with city status in north-western Luxembourg, capital of the canton Wiltz. Wiltz is situated along the sides of the river Wiltz.

History
-------

During World War II, Luxembourg was occupied 10 May 1940 (the first day of the Battle of France). 
On 31 August 1942, a general strike began in Wiltz that spread throughout the country.

On 1 January 2015, Wiltz absorbed the neighboring commune of Eschweiler.

Geography
---------

The *commune* is in the Oesling, a region within the greater Ardennes area. It has an area of 39.3 km2 (15.2 sq mi). The altitude is 285–506 m (935–1,660 ft) high. At the castle, the altitude is 464 m (1,522 ft) high.

Wiltz is surrounded by six *communes*: Wincrange to the north and northwest, Clervaux to the northeast, Kiischpelt to the east, Goesdorf to the southeast, Lac de la Haute-Sûre to the south and southwest, and Winseler to the west.

| Places next to Wiltz |
| --- |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Wincrange |  | Clervaux |
| Winseler | 
**Wiltz**
 | Kiischpelt |
| Lac de la Haute-Sûre |  | Goesdorf |

 |

Population
----------

There were 6,730 persons living in the *commune* in January 2016, for a population density of 171.2 inhabitants/km².

Other towns, besides the town of Wiltz, within the *commune* are Roullingen and Weidingen.

**Evolution of the population in Wiltz**

Places of interest
------------------

One of the main features of the town is Wiltz Castle (French: *Château de Wiltz*, German: *Schloss Wiltz*, Luxembourgish: *Schlass Wolz*) which belonged to the former Counts of Wiltz. This castle, which is situated on 600 acres (2.4 km2) of lawns and gardens, contains hundreds of rooms. It was completed in 1727, and the final Count died in 1793.

Twin towns
----------

Wiltz is twinned withː

* Portugal Celorico de Basto, Portugal, since 2005
* Bosnia and Herzegovina Zavidovići, Bosnia and Herzegovina, since 2008

Gallery
-------

* Entrance to the Our Lady of Fatima-monument site.Entrance to the Our Lady of Fatima-monument site.
* Wiltz castle.Wiltz castle.
* Garden of Wiltz castle.Garden of Wiltz castle.
* National strike memorial in Wiltz.National strike memorial in Wiltz.

Related pages
-------------

* Cantons of Luxembourg
* Communes of Luxembourg
* List of cities in Luxembourg

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Wiltz***.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide about: ***Wiltz***

* Official website (in French)
**Admiralty Park** is a national park in Singapore that is 27 hectares in size. It is made unique by its river valley shaped hilly terrain.

About
-----

Located in Woodlands, Admiralty Park is the largest park in the north. It is situated on hilly terrain with Sungai Cina river running through it, and houses the largest nature area within an urban park.

Backround
---------

This feature reflects the history of the site as Sungei Cina used to pass through it. Visitors can take the main route along the valley.

The park has a natural area of ​​20 hectares, the largest natural area in a park in Singapore. Most of the park is covered with mangroves. Three paths run through the mangroves, providing places to observe and appreciate flora and fauna with minimal habitat disturbance. The park works closely with the neighboring Republican Polytechnic Institute, which is also the owner of the park under the "adopt a park" scheme.

One of the joint projects with them was the electronic guide Admiralty Park, an online guide to plants in the park, created by students of the School of Applied Sciences.

Admiralty Park is also used for sports recreation, for which there are fitness centers and a jogging track. There are also concerts and performances, hiking and nature walks.

Wi-Fi access points for visitors are provided in places around the park.
**Kirsten Miller** is an American author.

Early life
----------

Kirsten Miller was born in 1973 in North Carolina. At age 17 she moved to New York City. Kirsten lives there now.

Books
-----

Kirsten wrote the Kiki Strike series and All You Desire: Can You Trust Your Heart?. These are all novels aimed at young adults. The Kiki Strike series is about two girls who have gained access to catacombs, underground graveyards, and work on accessing the rest of their city. They used their girl scout skills. This series was written in 2006 and 2007. The Eternal Ones series is about a modern day high school girl who sees visions of herself, including one of her dying, in 1920’s New York City with a boy named Ethan Evans. After a lifetime of hearing and ignoring rumors of demons in her small town, she becomes involved with Iain Morrow in New York, who she thinks murdered her in a past life and is out to murder her again. These two books were written in 2010 and 2011.

Values
------

Kirsten is set apart from other authors by emphasizing the importance of "girl power". She has chosen many female lead characters because she believes girls can make a change too. She showed this by saying, "While the world wasn’t necessarily designed with young girls in mind, if a girl has a little ingenuity and a lot of confidence, she can make the world work to her advantage" in an teenreads.com interview in 2006.
**Suheil Salman al-Hassan** (Arabic: سهيل الحسن‎) (born 10 June 1970), nicknamed **The Tiger**, is a Brigadier General in the Syrian Army, currently serving as commander of its elite Tiger Forces. He graduated from the Syrian Arab Air Force academy in 1991, and served in many units of the Syrian Arab Air Forces and Air Defence Command, completing several training courses. After serving in the Syrian Arab Air Force and Syrian Arab Air Defence units, he joined the Air Force Intelligence service, where he was responsible for the training of the elements of the Special Operations Section. During the Syrian Civil War, Suheil al-Hassan has served and commanded his troops during several major engagements, including Operation Canopus Star and the battle for the Shaer gas field. He is part of the new generation of field Syrian army commanders who emerged during the civil war. French newspaper *Le Monde* has claimed he could be a rival to Assad as leader of Syria.

al-Hassan was described by analysts as preferring Russia (as opposed to Iran) to serve as the Syrian Government's main ally during the Syrian Civil War and subsequent post-war reconstruction. His position is contrasted by Maher al-Assad, brother of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and head of Syria's Republican Guard and 4th Armoured Division, who is reported as preferring Iran. His great friend Sari Hemeche is also one of the strongest officers in the Syrian Arab Army
The **Medical University of Innsbruck** (German: *Medizinische Universität Innsbruck*) is a university in Innsbruck, Austria. It used to be one of the four historical faculties of the Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, but it became an independent (by itself) university in 2004.

History
-------

The medical tradition dates back long before the university began. The first hospital began in the silver-mining city of Schwaz nearby in 1307. Because people grew as years went by, a medical faculty was added to the university, begun in 1669 by Emperor Leopold I, making it the first of its kind in the Alpine region.

Nobel Prize laureates
---------------------

* Fritz Pregl, 1923 (chemistry - for his contributions to quantitative organic microanalysis)
* Adolf Windhaus, 1928 (chemistry - for his work on sterols and their relation to vitamins)
* Hans Fischer, 1930 (chemistry - for the synthesis of haemin)

Other websites
--------------

* "The website of the Medical University of Innsbruck". *i-med.ac.at*. Retrieved 30 November 2010.
* Study in Austria: A Guide Archived 2005-01-17 at the Wayback Machine

Coordinates: 47°15′44″N 11°23′08″E﻿ / ﻿47.26222°N 11.38556°E﻿ / 47.26222; 11.38556