recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Hank Williams Jr.** in 2006
**Randall Hank Williams** (born May 26, 1949) is an American musician and songwriter. He is the son of country music legend Hank Williams. His nickname is "Bocephus", given to him by his father. He has a half-sister, named Jett Williams.

From his boyhood, Hank Jr. performed his father's music publicly, because many people were still interested in it, and Hank Sr.'s career was cut short by alcohol and drug abuse. Young Williams wanted to perform music of his own, and to have his own musical career apart from his father's, but it was hard to "get out from his father's shadow", and be recognized for his own talents.

In time, Williams met musicians who liked him for his own ideas, and helped him to develop his own kind of music. He was able to become an original writer and performer, while still being proud to be Hank Sr.'s son. Some of his father's fans were sad that he wanted to do this, but others understood. He also gained new fans, performing his new music.

Some of Williams's songs are "Eleven Roses", "Family Tradition", "Whiskey Bent and Hell Bound", "All My Rowdy Friends", and "A Country Boy Can Survive". Even though he had hit records and many fans, it took years for people in country music to accept him and his chosen style. Williams lost out on many awards he could have earned. Finally in the 1980s, he began to win awards as a country performer.

In the 1990s, Williams recorded a duet with his father, by using an old recording, and the two appeared together in a music video through electronic editing.

In 2005, Williams donated $125,000 to relief efforts in Mississippi, after Hurricane Katrina.

Singles
-------

* "Long Gone Lonesome Blues" (1964)
* "All My Rowdy Friends Are Coming Over Tonight" (1984)
* "The Party's On" (2016)

Studio albums
-------------

* *Your Cheatin' Heart* (1964)
* *Connie Francis and Hank Williams Jr. Sing Great Country Favorites* (1964)
* *Ballads of the Hills and Plains* (1965)
* *Blues My Name* (1965)
* *A Time to Sing* (1967)
* *Songs My Father Left Me* (1969)
* *Luke the Drifter Jr. Vol. 2* (1969)
* *Live at Cobo Hall* (1969)
* *Sunday Morning* (1969)
* *After You, Pride's Not Hard to Swallow* (1973)
* *One Night Stands* (1977)
* *Hank Williams Jr. and Friends* (1975)
* *The New South* (1977)
* *Family Tradition* (1979)
* *Whiskey Bent and Hell Bound* (1979)
* *Habits Old and New* (1980)
* *Rowdy* (1981)
* *The Pressure Is On* (1981)
* *High Notes* (1982)
* *Strong Stuff* (1983)
* *Man of Steel* (1983)
* *Major Moves* (1984)
* *Five-O* (1985)
* *Montana Cafe* (1986)
* *Hank Live* (1987)
* *Born to Boogie* (1987)
* *Wild Streak* (1988)
* *Lone Wolf* (1990)
* *Pure Hank* (1991)
* *Maverick* (1992)
* *Out of Left Field* (1993)
* *Hog Wild* (1995)
* *A.K.A. Wham Bam Sam* (1996)
* *Three Hanks: Men with Broken Hearts* (1996)
* *Stormy* (1999)
* *The Almeria Club Recordings* (2002)
* *I'm One of You* (2003)
* *127 Rose Avenue* (2009)
* *Old School New Rules* (2012)
* *It's About Time* (2016)
Flooding in northeastern Topeka, 1951.
In mid-July 1951, heavy rains led to a lot of water in the Kansas River. Flooding happened in the Kansas, Neosho, Marais Des Cygnes, and Verdigris river basins. There was more than $935 million in damage in eastern Kansas and Missouri in June and July 1951. Adjusting for inflation, it would be nearly $8.52 billion in 2016. The flood killed 17 people. It caused 518,000 people to move somewhere else.

Flood
-----

The flood in Kansas started in May. It started with the flood of the Big Creek, (a tributary of the Smoky Hill River) in Hays. It flooded after eleven inches of rain in two hours. The creek overflowed. It flooded Hays (where Fort Hays State University is) in four feet of water. It flooded the Fort Hays State University campus. It caused people to move from the barracks (by families of the G.I. Bill) and dorms to the Stadium's third floor. The Stadium's third floor was still dry. Dr. Charles F. Wiest, Emeritus Professor of Philosophy and Religion, and his seven-year-old daughter died. They died when their home caved in with the weight of the water. He was saving important documents in his basement. All records at the college were ruined. No graduation was held on the appointed date of May 23. Graduates were mailed their diplomas a month later.

There were no warning sirens in Hays. Two police officers drove up and down the streets. They had their sirens on, and they shouted for people to evacuate. They are believed to haven saved many people's lives.

The worst starting damage by the flood crest was to Manhattan and Ft. Riley. Barracks at the fort were destroyed. In Manhattan, the downtown business district was under 8 feet (2.4 m) of water and 2 people died. After this, Topeka and Lawrence were also damaged by the same crest. About 24,000 people were evacuated from Topeka.

Other websites
--------------

* NOAA Article on the 1951 Flood
* NOAA Report (PDF) on the 1951 flood with a comparison to the 1993 flood
* Access documents, photographs, and other primary sources on Kansas Memory, the Kansas State Historical Society's digital portal
* Article from Kansas State Board of Agriculture 1951/52 Biennial Report on the 1951 Flood
Harold Pinter (1962)
**Harold Pinter** CH CBE (10 October 1930 – 24 December 2008) was a British playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. Pinter was Jewish. He was born and raised in Hackney, east London.

His plays include: *The Birthday Party*, *The Homecoming* and *Betrayal*, all of which he adapted into movies. His adaptations of others' works include: *The Servant*, *The Go-Between*, *The French Lieutenant's Woman*, *The Trial* and *Sleuth*.

The critic Irving Wardle called Pinter's early plays "*comedies of menace*". He meant that the plays begin with an apparently innocent situation. The situation becomes both threatening and "absurd" as Pinter's characters behave in strange ways. Pinter acknowledged that Samuel Beckett influenced his early work. They became friends, sending each other drafts of their works in progress for comments.

Pinter was married to Vivien Merchant from 1956 until they divorced in 1980. He was married to Antonia Fraser from 1980 until his death. He was diagnosed with oesophageal cancer in 2001 and died from the disease in London seven years later when it metastasised to his liver.

Other websites
--------------

* Harold Pinter on IMDb
Elaphe quadrivirgata
The **Japanese striped snake** is a species of snake endemic to Japan.

Appearance
----------

They are about 80~150 cm. Sometimes there are black types but usually they are light yellow. Their scales are not so big so they can't swallow big animals.

Living areas
------------

They live in almost all areas of Japan (Hokkaido, Honsyuu, Shikoku, Kyuusyu, Osumi islands).

Food and Water
--------------

They mainly eat rats, birds, lizards, frogs, and snakes. They like reptiles and amphibians. They sometimes prey on one another.They drink water from their mouths.

Reproduction
------------

They lay 4~16 eggs from July to August. Hatching period is 40~50 days.The eggs are usually under the soil,a gap in the stone wall, or under the fallen leaves.

Threats
-------

Decreasing of Paddy field,forest, and Grassland as their habitat.

Relationship with humans
------------------------

They are often seen in the rural area.They move on the ground so they are often run over by the car.

Color mutation often happens with them, so people sometimes have them as a pet.
**Irish Home Rule** was a proposed system of government in Ireland, in which Ireland would have its own government inside the United Kingdom. Until 1920, Ireland was ruled directly by the British government. British members of parliament tried to pass bills for Home Rule in 1886, 1893, and 1912, but they never got enough votes to pass. Irish Nationalists supported Home Rule, and Irish Unionists opposed it.

The 1886 bill was supported by the Liberal Party, but did not get enough votes in the House of Commons. The 1893 bill got enough votes to pass in the House of Commons, but not the House of Lords. William Gladstone was an important supporter of both. The 1912 bill also passed in the House of Commons, but not the House of Lords. In 1912, Unionists in Ulster signed a document called the Ulster Covenant, and made an army called the Ulster Volunteers, to fight against Home Rule.

Although many Nationalists wanted Home Rule, some thought it was not good enough. Most members of the party Sinn Féin wanted Ireland to be completely separate from Great Britain. Sinn Féin became the most powerful party in 1916 and made their own government in Dublin, the Dáil Éireann. Irish Nationalists fought in the Irish War of Independence against the British government from 1919-1921. In 1920, Britain passed a law that said there would be two parliaments, one for Northern Ireland, and one for Southern Ireland. This was a form of Home Rule. However, the Southern Ireland parliament never met. The war did not end until the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty, which created the Irish Free State. The Irish Free State still had the same king as Britain, but had a separate government.

Related pages
-------------

* History of Ireland
**Harris A. Smiler** was among the first four convicts to be executed by electrocution at Sing Sing Prison, in Ossining, New York. 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Electrocution at Sing Sing | Age at death | Execution date |
| Harris A. Smiler | 32 | July 7, 1891 |
| James Slocum | 22 | July 7, 1891 |
| Joseph Wood | 21 | July 7, 1891 |
| Schihick Judigo | 35 | July 7, 1891 |
| Martin D. Loppy | 51 | December 7, 1891 |
| Charles McElvaine | 20 | February 8, 1892 |
| Jeremiah Cotte | 40 | March 28, 1892 |
| Fred McGuire | 24 | December 19, 1892 |
| James L. Hamilton | 40 | April 3, 1893 |
| Carlyle Harris | 23 | May 8, 1893 |

The electric chair was installed in Sing Sing Prison, in 1891, just a year after it was first used to execute William Kemmler at Auburn Prison, also in New York State. By the end of the 1800s, 29 inmates had been executed by this means. The United States and United Kingdom both began independently tracking murder rate and other crime statistics in earnest at the start of the next century.
Hans Lammers during World War 2 in c.1939-c.1940 possibly during Battle Of France
**Hans Heinrich Lammers** (German ; Hans Heinrich Lammers ; Born ; 27 May 1879 in Lubliniec,Silesia,Prussia, Germany (Today Poland)–Died ; 4 January 1962 in Düsseldorf,North Rhine-Westphalia,West Germany) was a Nazi German politician and a cruel Nazi War Criminal. He was a member of Hitler's Cabinet he was also a SS-Obergruppenführer in the Schutzstaffel/SS Secret Police. Hans Heinrich Lammers was on 27 May 1879 in Lublinitz in Silesia,Prussia in the German Empire (Now Today : Poland) he joined the Imperial German Army in 1914 during The Great War at age 35 when Germany and Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia,Russia and France after Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip a Bosnian-Serb. During World War I, he got the Iron Cross in 1914. After World War 1 ended in 1918 and when Kaiser Wilhelm II was exiled to the Netherlands and stayed in the Netherlands until 1941 when Kaiser Wilhelm II died at age 82 just a year after the Battle of France in 1940 and 21 year’s after World War 1 ended in 1918. Hans Lammers was sentenced 20 year’s but 10 years from 1949-1959 instead and he died in 1962 at the age of 82 just 17 year’s after World War 2 and the Holocaust ended in 1945. 

Hans Heinrich Lammers joined the Nazi Party in 1932 at age 53 during the Weimar Era Germany from 1918-1933 he was also involved in Night of the Long Knives in 1934 as well as Kristallnacht in 1938. In 1940 at age 61 he became SS-Obergruppenfuhrer in the Schutzstaffel Secret Police under the command of Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler and deputy head of the SS and head of the Gestapo Reinhard Heydrich. He was in the SS as a SS-Obergruppenfuhrer until April 1945 he was arrested by Adolf Hitler and removed from power by the Waffen-SS possibly before Battle of Berlin. He was going to be sentenced 20 year’s in prison but 10 year’s instead from 1949-1959 since he was a Old aged man. 

| * v
* t
* e
The Hitler Cabinet(30 January 1933 – 30 April 1945) |
| --- |
| Adolf Hitler (Chancellor and Führer) |
| 
 Franz von Papen (ind) •  Konstantin von Neurath •  Joachim von Ribbentrop •  Wilhelm Frick •  Heinrich Himmler •  Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (ind) •  Alfred Hugenberg (DNVP) •  Kurt Schmitt •  Hjalmar Schacht (ind) •  Hermann Göring •  Walther Funk •  Franz Seldte •  Franz Gürtner (DNVP) •  Franz Schlegelberger •  Otto Georg Thierack •  Werner von Blomberg (ind) •  Wilhelm Keitel (ind) •  Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach (ind) •  Julius Dorpmüller •  Wilhelm Ohnesorge •  Richard Walther Darré •  Herbert Backe •  Joseph Goebbels •  Bernhard Rust •  Fritz Todt •  Albert Speer •  Alfred Rosenberg •  Hanns Kerrl •  Hermann Muhs •  Otto Meißner (ind) •  Arthur Seyß-Inquart •  Hans Frank •  Hans Lammers •  Martin Bormann •  Karl Hermann Frank •  Rudolf Hess •  Ernst Röhm  |
| All ministers were NSDAP members except where indicated ("ind" = nominally independent). Most of them later became NSDAP members, except Von Papen, Hugenberg and Von Eltz-Rübenach. |
**Heterozygote advantage** is the situation where, at a gene locus, the heterozygote has greater fitness than either homozygote.p205 It is a type of balancing selection.

Sickle cell anaemia as an example
---------------------------------

Hb+ = gene for normal haemoglobin molecules; Hbs = mutant gene. Three genotypes are possible in a population: Hb+Hb+ producing a normal phenotype; Hb+Hbs the heterozygote; and HbsHbs homozygous for sickle cell anaemia.

### Fitness

The fitness of these three genotypes varies according to the environment. In the temperate zone, the normal homozygotes and the heterozygotes will leave most offspring. This is because the homozygote for sickle cell has less chance of surviving to leave children, and if they do survive, they will have many health problems.

In a tropical climate, such as equatorial Africa, malaria is a big killer. There, the heterozygote has the advantage in fitness. They do not get malaria so badly, and they do not suffer the earlier deaths of the homozygote sickle cell sufferers.

Not surprisingly, the Hbs gene is present in about a quarter of Africans from the countries near the equator. In Europeans it is a rare gene.

Polymorphism
------------

Heterozygote advantage is probably the main cause of polymorphism in biological species. Polymorphism, alternate genetic types in a population (for example different blood groups), is extremely common. The fitness of the heterozygotes keeps a wide range of alternate gene alleles in a population. This, in turn, gives the population a wide range of genetic 'resources' and this gives a better chance of survival.

Related pages
-------------

* Hybrid vigour
**Geoffrey Burbidge** (born Chipping Norton, 24 September 1925; died La Jolla, California, 26 January 2010) was an English astrophysicist. For many years he was professor at the University of California, San Diego. In 1957 he published a famous paper, together with three other physicists, about the origin of elements. Many scientists disagreed with ideas that he had later in his life, because he did not believe in the Big Bang theory.

Education and early career
--------------------------

He started to study history at the University of Bristol, but soon changed to physics because he could then get financial help from the government (World War II was on, so science was very important to the government). He went to London and got a doctorate from University College London in 1951. He met the astronomer Margaret Peachey. He became very interested in astronomy and he married her in 1948. From then on they always worked together in several places. They worked at Harvard, the University of Chicago and Cambridge University. Then Margaret got work at the California Institute of Technology, while Geoffrey worked at the Mount Wilson Observatory and Palomar Observatory. They both got jobs at the University of California, San Diego, in 1962.

The B2FH paper
--------------

In 1957 he and his wife, together with William Fowler, the American physicist, and Fred Hoyle, the British astronomer, wrote a 104-page paper about stellar nucleosynthesis. The paper became known as the B2FH (because of their initials). It talked about nuclear reactions inside stars, showing how these reactions tear apart blocks of matter and put it together again differently. It was a similar idea to what Charles Darwin had written about 100 years earlier in the "Origin of Species", where he had described how creatures had evolved. Scientists saw this paper as the most important paper ever written about astrophysics.

Later career
------------

Later in his career Burbidge refused to accept the Big Bang theory which describes the start of the universe. Quasars are very bright objects with a very high redshift. The Big Bang theorists say that they come from places extremely far away in the universe. But Burbidge thought that quasars come from nearby galaxies, travelling near the speed of light, which explains their redshift. He thought they produced new matter as old matter was destroyed by reactions.

Although many scientists disagree with Burbidge’s later ideas, he is still thought of as an extremely important scientist. He was given many honours. In 2005 he and his wife were awarded the British Royal Astronomical Society Gold Medal.
An image of Geoffrey Chaucer
1721 edition of "The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer" 
**Geoffrey Chaucer** (c. 1343–25 October 1400) was an English writer, poet, and philosopher. He is most famous for writing Canterbury Tales which had 24 stories but was not completed. He was one of the first writers to write in English. He wrote in Middle English.

Early life
----------

Chaucer was probably born in London. His father, John, and grandfather were prosperous wine merchants in London. The name *Chaucer* is French and means shoemaker. However, not many details are known of his early life and education.

By 1357, Chaucer was a page to Elizabeth, Countess of Ulster, wife of Lionel, 1st Duke of Clarence. In 1360, he was captured by the French near Reims during a battle in the Hundred Years' War. He was then ransomed and released. King Edward III gave £16 towards his release. Chaucer married Phillipa (de) Roet. She was a lady-in-waiting to the queen and had close family connections to John of Gaunt. He had about three or four children.

The king's squire
-----------------

Chaucer may have studied law in the *Inner Temple*. He joined the Royal court and travelled around Europe on business for the king. He became one of the king's esquires. One of his first known poems was written in 1369. It was called *The Book of The Duchess*, and was written after the death of John of Gaunt's wife, Blanche. In 1374, he became *Comptroller* (in charge of the money) of the Customs for the Port of London. He did this job for 12 years. It was a well paid job and Chaucer was quite rich.

When Richard II became king, Chaucer continued to work in Customs. He was also sent to Europe on several more diplomatic jobs for the king.

Country life
------------

Chaucer moved to Kent in 1385 where he had a new position as Justice of the Peace. He was also elected as one of two knights of the shire to be a member of parliament. At the end of the year he lost his customs jobs. His wife, Phillipa, died in 1387. But on 12 July 1389, he was made the *Clerk of the Kings Works*, looking after repairs to the royal palaces. He was given other small positions, including looking after the river banks of the Thames, and as a deputy forester in the Royal Forest. Over the next few years, Chaucer became poorer and often was given small payments and pensions from the king.

Death
-----

He died at St.Mary's Chapel in Sevenoaks on 25 October 1400. Chaucer is buried in Westminster Abbey, in what is now called the Poets' Corner.

His writings
------------

Chaucer did most of his writing between 1369 and 1393. He is famous for his collection of stories in verse called the *Canterbury Tales*. He also wrote *The Book of the Duchess*, *The House of Fame* and *Troilus and Criseyde*. For these works he is called "the father of English poetry". He also wrote *A Treatise on the Astrolabe,* an instruction manual.
Iron(III) nitrate

**Iron(III) nitrate**, also known as **ferric nitrate**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Fe(NO3)3. It contains iron in its +3 oxidation state. It also contains nitrate ions.

Properties
----------

Iron(III) nitrate is a light purple solid. It dissolves easily in water. It is an oxidizing agent. It is acidic. It absorbs water easily to make a hydrate (chemical with water molecules attached to it).

Preparation
-----------

It is made by reacting iron or iron(III) oxide with nitric acid. The reaction of iron with nitric acid makes nitrogen dioxide. Nitrogen dioxide is a brown and toxic gas.

Uses
----

It is used to etch silver alloys. It is also used to make sodium amide. It acts as a catalyst in this reaction.

It can be mixed with clay to make an oxidant clay. This oxidant clay can be used to make organic molecules.

Safety
------

Iron(III) nitrate is oxidizing, so it can catch things on fire. It is also corrosive to metal and can burn skin.

Related pages
-------------

* Iron(III) chloride
* Iron(III) sulfate
**Free!** Iwatobi Swim Club is a Japanese anime based on swimming.

Plot
----

The main story is about four boys on a swim team. The boys were on a swim team together in elementary and middle school and were split up before high school. Two of the boys, Haruka Nanase and Makoto Tachibana were reunited by fate to both attend Iwatobi High School. Luckily for them, when the new arrival of first years came, the third member from their original swim team Nagisa Hazuki also arrived to Iwatobi High School. Haruka and Makoto were astonished to be reunited with another friend of theirs, however something was missing. The final member to their childhood swim team, Rin Matsouka. Rin had been studying abroad in Australia and recently came back to Japan to go to high school at Samezuka Academy. When Haruka, Makoto, and Nagisa all caught up, they run into the younger sister of their old friend Rin, Gou Matsouka, who fills the boys in about Rin's whereabouts and goals. They are all determined and decide to start their own swim club to have the opportunity to see Rin once more. With Gou as the manager and Makoto as the captain, the Iwatobi Swim Club needed one more thing to complete their team, a fourth member. The boys advertised everywhere however no one wanted to join. Until one day, Nagisa had stumbled across a first year who had a similarity with he and the other two boys on the team, he had a girly name.
Mompou in 1980
**Federico (Frederic) Mompou** (born Barcelona, 16 April 1893; died Barcelona 30 June 1987) was a Spanish (Catalan) composer. He is best known for his short works for solo piano and his songs.

Life
----

Mompou was born in Barcelona (Spain), and studied piano there at the Conservatorio del Liceo. In 1911 he went to Paris. He was studying to be a concert pianist, but he was very shy, and decided to become a composer.

Although he left Paris and returned to Barcelona when World War I broke out in 1914, he went to Paris again in 1921 and stayed there until 1941 when, once again he went back to Catalonia, because the German army were invading Paris in World War II. He continued to lecture about his music until he had a stroke. He died at the age of 94.

His music
---------

Mompou is best known as a miniaturist (someone who composes short pieces). His music often sounds as if is being improvised. When he wrote his *Scènes d'enfants* (1915-18) a French music critic, Émile Vuillermoz, said he would be the next great composer after Debussy. Although he did not become as famous as Debussy, his musical style shows the influence of French Impressionism and of Erik Satie. He liked using short, repeated note-patterns (ostinati), imitations of bells, and a kind of thoughtful, religious sound which is heard in his piece called "John of the Cross." His music often uses the rhythms and modes of Catalan folkmusic.
The **heat equation** is a type of equation used in mathematics and physics to describe how heat spreads out in a particular area. The equation was first created by Joseph Fourier in 1822. People use the heat equation to model how heat spreads through different materials.

The heat equation is very important in the field of mathematics, and it is studied a lot. This equation is used in many areas of science and applied mathematics, such as probability theory and image analysis. Some solutions to the heat equation are called heat kernels, and they can provide important information about the area where the heat is spreading.

Scientists have found many different ways to use the heat equation. For example, it can be used to study random walks and Brownian motion in probability theory, and it can help to resolve pixelation in image analysis. In addition, variants of the heat equation are used in financial mathematics and quantum mechanics. Scientists have also found that solutions of the heat equation are helpful in understanding hydrodynamical shocks. People have been studying the heat equation for a long time, and it is a very important topic in mathematics and physics.
Heartbound is a planned role-playing game for Microsoft Windows, Linux and OS X, developed by an American Indie game developer, Pirate Software.

The game is about a young man called Lore, who struggles with his thoughts, such as depression and anxiety, while trying to find his dog, Baron, who has gone missing.

The game is influenced by the player's actions while playing the game. Performing negative actions, such as feeding Baron rubbish in the beginning of the game, causes Lore to become more evil and negative. Performing positive actions, such as feeding Baron dog food, causes Lore to become more positive himself.

An Alpha version of the game has been released - the full version is planned for release in December 2018.

Gameplay
--------

Heartbound is similar to another role-playing game, Undertale, in that interactions with the environment causes the game's story to change. According to Pirate Game's website:

*"Every time you interact with an object, talk to an NPC, forget to turn off a light-switch, take out the trash, or disregard a sparkly bush the game remembers this and will change subtly for all further interactions. The greatest part about this design is that it already works and is in the current builds of the game. Both minor and major differences are going to pop up throughout the game and give the community something to share with one another. Everything you do matters no matter what kind of player you are or choose to be."*

Combat
------

Heartbound has a different combat system to most other role-playing games. Instead of attacking enemies based on a statistics system, the player has to complete minigames, which can either deal damage or cause the player to lose health, depending on the exact minigame. Equipment can also be found around the worlds Lore explores, which will increase attack strength or maximum health. Battles are not random - they are supposed to occur at specific points in the game, although some are avoidable if the player goes down certain gameplay routes.
A golden alga: *Dinobryon divergens*   
It is a tree-like sessile form with cells in the cup-like covers
The **Chrysophyceae** (**golden-brown algae** or **golden algae**) are a large group of algae found mostly in freshwater.

Golden algae is also a common term. It refers to a species, *Prymnesium parvum*, which kills fish in large numbers (causes 'fish kills').

Diagram of *Ochromonas* sp.
The main type of chrysophyte cell has two specialized flagella. The active, "feathered" flagellum points toward the moving direction. The smooth passive flagellum, points in the opposite direction.

An important characteristic used to identify members of the Chrysophyceae is the presence of a siliceous cyst that is formed internally.

However, some members of the group are amoeboid (move like amoeba), and some are sessile. Unfortunately, every expert who has studied this group has come up with a different classification. It seems that their ancestor did not do photosynthesis, but later on groups separately evolved their own methods of using sunlight.
The Bill of Rights in the National Archives
The **Fourth Amendment** (**Amendment IV**) to the United States Constitution prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and requires any search warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause. It is part of the Bill of Rights. The Fourth amendment was adopted in response to the abuse of the writ of assistance, a type of general search warrant issued by the British government. It was a major source of tension in pre-Revolutionary America. The Fourth Amendment was introduced in Congress in 1789 by James Madison, along with the other amendments in the Bill of Rights. They were proposed in response to Anti-Federalist objections to the new Constitution.

Congress sent 12 amendments to the states in August of 1789. Of these, 10 were approved by the states. The last state, Virginia ratified the amendments (including the fourth amendment) on December 15, 1791. On March 1, 1792, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson announced the adoption of the amendment.

The Bill of Rights did initially apply to the states. Also, federal criminal investigations were less common in the first century of the nation's history. For these reasons there is little case law for the Fourth Amendment before the 20th century. The amendment was held to apply to the states in *Mapp v. Ohio* (1961).

Under the Fourth Amendment, search and seizure (including arrest) should be limited in scope to specific information supplied to the issuing court. This is usually by a law enforcement officer who has sworn by it. Fourth Amendment case law deals with three central questions. What government activities constitute "search" and "seizure"? What constitutes probable cause for these actions? How should violations of Fourth Amendment rights be addressed? Early court decisions limited the amendment's scope to a law enforcement officer's physical intrusion onto private property. But with *Katz v. United States* (1967), the Supreme Court held that its protections, such as the warrant requirement, extend to the privacy of individuals as well as physical locations. Law enforcement officers need a warrant for most search and seizure activities. But the Court has defined a series of exceptions for consent searches, motor vehicle searches, evidence in plain view, exigent circumstances, border searches, and other situations.

The exclusionary rule is one way the amendment is enforced. Established in *Weeks v. United States* (1914), this rule holds that evidence obtained through a Fourth Amendment violation is generally inadmissible at criminal trials. Evidence discovered as a later result of an illegal search may also be inadmissible as "fruit of the poisonous tree," unless it inevitably would have been discovered by legal means.
***Helix*** is a genus of large air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs.

The genus *Helix* is known from the Oligocene onwards.
This genus is native to Europe and the regions around the Mediterranean Sea. 

The best-known species include *Helix aspersa*, the common, or brown garden snail, and *Helix pomatia*, the Roman snail, Burgundy snail, or edible snail. *H. pomatia* and some other species are eaten as escargots.

*Helix* snails have been introduced throughout the world, where some, especially *H. aspersa*, have become garden pests.

Snails in this genus create and use love darts during mating.

*Helix* snails prefer cool, damp environments, as they easily get dry. Snails are most active at night and after rainfall. During unfavourable conditions, a snail will remain inside its shell, usually under rocks or other hiding places, to avoid being discovered by predators. In dry climates snails will naturally congregate near water sources, including artificial sources such as waste-water outlets of air conditioners.

The common garden snail (*Helix aspersa*) is herbivorous. These snails are able to digest most vegetation including carrots and lettuce. They also have a specialized crop of symbiotic bacteria that help their digestion, especially by breaking down the polysaccharide cellulose into simple sugars.
**Gabor Acs** (born 1926 in Budapest) is a Hungarian architect.  He was a member of Order of Architects in Rome.

Education
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He enrolled at the Faculty of Architecture-Engineering, University of Budapest, where he graduated in 1948. With the arrival of Soviet Forces, the father decides to leave for Italy with his family, living in Rome. Gabor then moved to Milan for his degree in architecture from the Polytechnic. After graduating in 1953, decided to reach the United States.

Career
------

After some experience with architectural design, he became associated with **I. M. Pei and Partners** in New York. From 1956 to 1963, in association with Pei and Henry N. Cobb, he designed residential buildings in New York, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh and other urban planning projects including the Master Plan of Cleveland, Ohio.

As **SGI'**s chief architect, Gabor Acs, and **Watergate complex** chief architect Luigi Moretti, flew to New York City on May 17 1962 and defended the complex's design in a special three-hour meeting with **United States Commission of Fine Arts** members.

Italy
-----

Then he transfers its business in Rome and since 1963, in his office in Piazza Navona, running projects for Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Canada, France, Guinea, Iran, Italy, Kenya, Libya, Mexico, Monaco, Nigeria, Venezuela, Zaire. 
These include in particular: 

* in 1963 *Port Royal* residential tower in Montreal (Canada) and Victoria Place *business center* working with Luigi Moretti and Pier Luigi Nervi; in 1964: building and offices and gallery trading on Champs Elysees Pan-Am Building in Paris; in 1966: 5 residential towers in Mexico City in 1967: Headquarters of the Red Cross and Expansion, Rue de Berry in Paris; in 1968: *residential building* Sperlinga Villa, in Palermo; in 1969: the hotel and residential tower *Mirabeau* in Monaco and the headquarters of the Toyota in Jeddah (Saudi Arabia); in 1979: three offices' towers and pedestrian plaza of the complex Fiera District in Bologna, in collaboration with Kenzō Tange; in 1980: National Center for Civil Defence in Rome.

Personal life
-------------

Gabor Acs lives in Rome with his wife Armelle.
**Hyperons** are particles that are made of quarks. What makes them different from other baryons (particles made of three quarks) is that they must have at least one strange quark, but no charm quarks or bottom quarks. Strange quarks have a property known as strangeness. Strangeness causes the strange quark–and all other particles bonded with it–to not decay by strong force, but instead due to the much slower weak force. Since all quarks are fermions (which means that no two of them can be in the same point in space at the same point in time), each quark has a spin of 1/2, adding up to a total spin of 3/2 for a hyperon. This quickly decays into a 1/2 spin particle.

Hyperons themselves decay due to weak force. There are dozens of different hyperon combinations. For example, a Λ (lambda) hyperon has a charge of 0, and is often written as Λ0. When it decays, it usually creates one proton, and one antipion. Like many forms of weak force decay, there is more than one possible outcome. A Λ0 also has a significantly lower, but still possible, chance to decay into a neutron and an uncharged pion. Λ0 hyperons have an average lifespan of 2.6x10−10 seconds, which makes it one of the longest living hyperons.

Scientists still study hyperons in labs across the world, such as CERN, Fermilab, and SLAC. Hyperons provide answers questions for problems such as CP Violation, in which symmetries that were believed to be true may not be true.

| * v
* t
* e
Particles in physics |
| --- |
| Elementary | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Fermions | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Quarks | 
* up
* down
* charm
* strange
* top
* bottom

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| Leptons | 
* Electron
* Positron
* Muon
* Tau
* Neutrinos

 |

 |
| Bosons | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Gauge | 
* Photon
* Gluon
* W and Z bosons

 |
| Scalar | 
* Higgs boson

 |

 |

 |
| Composite | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hadrons | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Baryons /Hyperons | 
* Nucleon
	+ Proton
	+ Neutron
* Delta baryon
* Lambda baryon
* Sigma baryon
* Xi baryon
* Omega baryon

 |
| Mesons /Quarkonia | 
* Pion
* Rho meson
* Eta meson
* Eta prime
* Phi meson
* Omega meson
* J/ψ
* Upsilon meson
* Theta meson
* Kaon

 |

 |
| Others | 
* Atomic nuclei
* Atoms
* Diquarks
* Exotic atoms
	+ Positronium
	+ Muonium
	+ Tauonium
	+ Onia
* Superatoms
* Molecules

 |

 |
| Hypothetical | 
* Gravitino
* Gluino
* Axino
* Chargino
* Higgsino
* Neutralino
* Sfermion
* Axion
* Dilaton
* Graviton
* Majoron
* Majorana fermion
* Magnetic monopole
* Tachyon
* Sterile neutrino

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The word "ground" in cricket can mean:

* The area in and around the cricket field and stadium.
* One of the two areas of the field where a batsman is safe from being run out, and scores runs.

Stadium
-------

A cricket ground is the area where cricket is played and the nearby areas. The Sydney Cricket Ground and Melbourne Cricket Ground are examples.

Batsman's ground
----------------

The two popping creases (lines) and the area between them are the only part of the field between the two batsmens' grounds.
The two batsmens' grounds are the safe zones which batters run between to score points, with the risk of being out when they are not in them. One ground is at the striker's end, while the other ground is at the bowler's end, with a wicket being in each ground.

A run out or stumping can only happen if the wicket that was put down (hit with the ball) is in a ground which no batsman is in.

* A batsman is in a ground if he or the bat he is holding touch the ground in that ground. A batter can only be safe in a ground if they are in that ground and got there before the other batter.
* The unsafe batter who is nearest to the ground where the wicket was put down is the one who is out.

To score a run, there must be one batsman in each ground, and they must swap grounds.
A blind man is led by a guide dog in Brasília, Brazil.
A blind person with a *guide dog*.
**Guide dogs** are dogs trained to help blind or vision impaired people live on their own. They are sometimes called "Seeing Eye" dogs. Guide dogs are one type of assistance animals, which are animals trained to help people with a disability to lead more complete lives.

The blind person (sometimes called a "handler") and the dog need to work together. Both the dog and the handler must take special training to learn how to work as a team. The handler needs to let the guide dog know the direction they want to go. The dog can lead the person around things that may be dangerous, such as moving cars or other things. Also, guide dogs may be taught to press buttons to work elevators or get things for their handler. Because dogs cannot see colors as well as people, they cannot read traffic signals, so the handler must use ways to tell if it is safe to cross a street.

Because the guide dog and handler will be in public, it is important that the dog stays calm in busy or loud areas. In many countries, guide dogs are allowed inside places where animals normally are not allowed, such as restaurants, stores, buses and trains.

History
-------

Germany started the first guide dog schools during World War 1, to help soldiers who were blinded in the war. By 1931, schools and organizations such as The Seeing Eye in Morristown, New Jersey in the United States and the British Guide Dog Association in the United Kingdom were founded.

Related pages
-------------

* Blindness
**International Spiritual Movement Anjuman Serfroshan-e-Islam (ASI)** (Urdu: عالمی روحانی تحریک انجمن سرفروشان ِ اسلام) is a Pakistan-based organisation. It was made in 1980 by Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi. Its headquarters are in Kotri, Hyderabad, Sindh and Pakistan.

Purpose
-------

The purpose of this movement is to invite all man without any discrimination of caste, creed, nation or religion towards the divine love of God.

### Organizational Structure

International Spiritual Movement Anjuman Serfroshan-e-Islam is divided into two branches one for men only and other is for women only. The ladies wing is led by Mrs. Gulzar. However, the president of men wing is Mr. Wasi Muhammad Qureshi, who was nominated by Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi as President of International Spiritual Movement Anjuman Serfroshan-e-Islam. Gohar Shahi himself is the Patrorn-in-Chief of International Spiritual Movement Anjuman Serfroshan-e-Islam.

### Founding Members

In 1980, when Shahi formed the movement it had only five members, who are called founding members. Following are the names of the founding members of International Spiritual Movement Anjuman Serfaroshan-e-Islam:

* Muhammad Arif Memon (Late)
* Wasi Muhammad Qureshi
* Dr. Abdul Qayoom Shaikh(Late)
* Muhammad Anwar Qadri
* Maulana Saeed Ahmed Qadri

Other websites
--------------

* International Spiritual Movement Anjuman Serfaroshan-e-Islam Archived 2020-08-14 at the Wayback Machine
* Web Portal of Gohar Shahi (in Urdu)
* Gohar Shahi web site Archived 2007-08-22 at the Wayback Machine
* Sarfrosh.org
The **European green woodpecker** (*Picus viridis*), or European green woodpecker, is a member of the woodpecker family Picidae. It occurs in most of Europe and in western Asia. There are four subspecies. All have green upperparts, paler yellowish underparts, and a red crown.

The woodpecker spends much of its time feeding on ants on the ground and does not often 'drum' on trees like other woodpecker species. It is a shy bird but usually draws attention with its loud calls. A nest hole is excavated in a tree; four to six eggs are laid which hatch after 19–20 days.

It gives a loud call known as yaffling.

Old deciduous trees for nesting, and nearby feeding grounds with plenty of ants, is essential. This is usually found in semi-open landscapes with small woodlands, hedges, scattered old trees, edges of forests and floodplain forests. Suitable habitats for foraging include grassland, heaths, plantations, orchards and lawns.

Other websites
--------------

* Weasel on flying woodpecker. *BBC News* Science & Environment.

A juvenile male eats ants with the help of his tongue.
The **golden dart frog** (*Phyllobates terribilis*) is a poison dart frog. It lives in the Pacific coast of Colombia.

In captivity, poison dart frogs are not poisonous. It is in the wild where they are poisonous because of what they eat. This amphibian of the Dendrobatidae family is considered the most poisonous vertebrate in the world. The optimal habitat of *P. terribilis* is the rainforest with high rain rates (5 m. or more), altitude between 100-200 m, temperature of 26 °C, and relative humidity of 80-90%.

"In a 20-gram white mouse, the minimal lethal dose of batrachotoxin/homobatrachotoxin is about 0.05 µg, when injected subcutaneously. Thus, one frog, *P. terribilis*, with typical 1100 µg of these compounds, contains enough poison to kill more than 20,000 mice. Although extrapolating toxicity parameters from mouse to man has errors, if we suppose that man is at least as susceptible as mice to these compounds, the lethal dose is about 180 µg for a person. Larger animals are often more susceptible to toxins that smaller organisms, so that the lethal dose for man may be even less. Myers et al. [1] anticipated a lethal dose of batrachotoxin for man of only 2.0 to 7.5 µg, when administered by injection.
"The oral potency of batrachotoxin is much lower; therefore, Indians can eat animals captured by their darts without of risk of intoxication. In additions, the small amount of poison used is metabolized and the metabolites are not poisonous; most importantly, cooking may also destroy the toxins, although not all toxins are heat labile".
The high toxicity of *P. terribilis* may be due to eating small insects or other arthropods, and one of these may truly be the most poisonous creature on Earth. Scientists have suggested the crucial insect may be a small beetle from the family Melyridae. At least one species of these beetles produces the same toxin found in *P. terribilis*. Their relatives in Colombian rainforests could be the source of the batrachotoxins found in the highly toxic *Phyllobates* frogs of that region.
**European plaice** (*Pleuronectes platessa*) is the name for a kind of fish. They are a commercially important flatfish. They live on the sandy bottoms of the European shelf. Its geographical range is from the Barents Sea to the Mediterranean. Plaice are characterised by their smooth, brown skin, red spots and bony ridge behind the eyes.
The fish feeds on polychaetes, crustaceans and bivalves. They can be found down to about 200 m.

Gastronomy
----------

In England they are often used as the fish in fish and chips.

In Danish cuisine they are one of the most commonly eaten fishes. Filleted, battered and pan-fried plaice is popular hot or cold as an open sandwich topping together with remoulade sauce and lemon slices. Battered plaice can also be served hot with french fries and remoulade sauce as a main dish; this fish and chips variant is commonly available as a children's special in Danish restaurants. Breaded frozen plaice, ready to be baked or fried at home, are readily available in supermarkets. Fresh plaice is also oven-baked.

drawing

Other websites
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* Information about plaice Archived 2005-09-02 at the Wayback Machine
**Hinche** (Kréyòl: *Ench*) is a city in the centre of Haiti. It is the capital city of the Centre *Département*.

The city is in the region called *Plateau Central* about 100 km (62 mi) northeast of Port-au-Prince. It is also the chief town of an *arrondissement* (a part of a department) with the same name. The *arrondissement* has four *communes* (a *commune* is like a municipality): Hinche, Cerca-Cavajal (Kreyòl: *Sèka Kavajal*), Maïssade (Kreyòl: *Mayisad*) and Thomonde (Kreyòl: *Tomonn*).

Geography
---------

Hinche is on the southern limit of the Plateau Central, a long valley between the *Massif du Nord*, to the north, and the *Montagne Noire*, to the south.

The city is on the right side of the River Guayamouc, a tributary of the River Artibonite.

History
-------

The city was founded in 1704 with families that came from the Canary Islands; it took the Taíno name of the region: *Hincha*. The French people changed the name to Hinche but in Spanish it is still Hincha. At that moment, the region was part of the Spanish colony of *Santo Domingo* (now the Dominican Republic).

After the Haitian Revolution, in the early 19th century, this region became part of the new Republic of Haiti but the Dominican Republic accepted the transfer of the region to Haiti only in 1929.

### Attractions

*Bassin Zim*, to the east of Hinche, is a beautiful 20 m waterfall, a 30-minute drive from town.

In the city you will also find the *Cathédrale de Sacré-Coeur* ("Sacred Heart Cathedral").

Media
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### Radio

* Radio Seven Stars
* Radio Super Continentale
* Radyo Leve Kanpe
* Radyo Vwa Peyizan
* Radio Quotidien FM
* Radio Immaculée Conception
* Radio MEN FM

### Television

* Télé Smart
* Télé Connection
* Tele Seven Stars
* Tele MEN

Born in Hinche
--------------

* 1801: Pedro Santana, the first president of the Dominican Republic
* 1886: Charlemagne Péralte, who fought against the occupation of Haiti by the United States

Other websites
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* Haïti Référence: Profil de la Ville de Hinche[*permanent dead link*] - Information on Hinche (in French)

  


| Department capitals of Haiti | Flag of Haiti |
| --- | --- |
| Cap-Haïtien • Fort-Liberté • Gonaïves • Hinche • Jacmel • Jérémie • Les Cayes • Miragoâne • Port-au-Prince • Port-de-Paix |