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Perspective projections|  |  |
| Cube (3-cube) | Tesseract (4-cube) |

In geometry, a **hypercube** is an *n*-dimensional analogue of a square (*n* = 2) and a cube (*n* = 3). It is a closed, compact, convex figure whose 1-skeleton consists of groups of opposite parallel line segments aligned in each of the space's dimensions, perpendicular to each other and of the same length. A unit hypercube's longest diagonal in *n* dimension is equal to {\displaystyle {\sqrt {n}}}.

An *n*-dimensional hypercube is also called an ***n*-cube** or an ***n*-dimensional cube**. The term "measure polytope" is also used, notably in the work of H. S. M. Coxeter (originally from Elte, 1912), but it has now been superseded.

The hypercube is the special case of a hyperrectangle (also called an *n-orthotope*).

A **unit hypercube** is a hypercube whose side has length one unit. Often, the hypercube whose corners (or *vertices*) are the 2*n* points in **R***n* with each coordinate equal to 0 or 1 is called **"the" unit hypercube**.

Construction
------------

A diagram showing how to create a tesseract from a point.
An animation showing how to create a tesseract from a point.
A hypercube can be defined by increasing the numbers of dimensions of a shape:

**0** – A point is a hypercube of dimension zero.
**1** – If one moves this point one unit length, it will sweep out a line segment, which is a unit hypercube of dimension one.
**2** – If one moves this line segment its length in a perpendicular direction from itself; it sweeps out a 2-dimensional square.
**3** – If one moves the square one unit length in the direction perpendicular to the plane it lies on, it will generate a 3-dimensional cube.
**4** – If one moves the cube one unit length into the fourth dimension, it generates a 4-dimensional unit hypercube (a unit tesseract).
This can be generalized to any number of dimensions. This process of sweeping out volumes can be formalized mathematically as a Minkowski sum: the *d*-dimensional hypercube is the Minkowski sum of *d* mutually perpendicular unit-length line segments, and is therefore an example of a zonotope.

The 1-skeleton of a hypercube is a hypercube graph.

Related pages
-------------

* Simplex - the n-dimensional analogue of the triangle
* Hyperrectangle - the general case of the hypercube, where the base is a rectangle.

Other websites
--------------

* Eric W. Weisstein, *Hypercube* at MathWorld.
* Eric W. Weisstein, *Hypercube graphs* at MathWorld.
* Olshevsky, George, *Measure polytope* at *Glossary for Hyperspace*.
* www.4d-screen.de (Rotation of 4D – 7D-Cube)
* *Rotating a Hypercube* by Enrique Zeleny, Wolfram Demonstrations Project.
* Stereoscopic Animated Hypercube
**Ronald de Jong** (1962 — 12 January 2023) known as **Rooie Ron** (translated "Red Ron") was a Dutch soft drugs trafficker.

Biography
---------

De Jong was born in Amsterdam and grew up there. In the early 1990s, De Jong earned a lot of money trading large quantities of weed. As a driver he transported the weed and also smuggled it to the United Kingdom. The police and  Public Prosecution Service saw these and other drug transports, but let it go in order to get to the top of the criminal organization with leaders like Mink K. and Stanley Hillis. This became known as the IRT Affair. It caused commotion in 1993 because police officers also turned out to be dealing in drugs and earning millions themselves. There came a parliamentary investigative into these controversial investigative methods, led by politician Maarten van Traa. He had a verdict in 1996 that also led to a stricter legislation.

De Jong later had legal proceedings about money laundering of the money he had earned from the drug trade. In 2017, the court convicted De Jong of money laundering, after a lengthy procedure. He was sentenced to six months in prison and his villa was confiscated. In 2018, the Court of Appeal acquitted him of money laundering. However the Public Prosecution Service appealed in cassation and the Supreme Court sent the case back to the Court for a new appeal.

De Jong died in Spain on 12 January 2023 from a long illness, at the age of 60.
**Hub van Laar** (1964 — 24 December 2022) was a Dutch manufacturer of trumpets, cornets and flugelhorns. His company "Van Laar Trumpets" was founded in 1990 and is based in Margraten.

Manufactory
-----------

Van Laar started with a repair shop for brass instruments. He and his partner Heidrum Jöchner built it into a renowned company with international reputation. Japan even has an annual "Van Laar Day" where musicians with a Van Laar instrument played together in Tokyo, including Van Laar himself.

Van Laar builded trumpets, flugelhorns and cornets in a traditional way. Since 2010 an additional establishment in Germany was build. All necessary parts were made by the manufacture in the Netherlands and Germany.

The manufactory is characterized by the fact that instrument could be adopted by the wishes of the buyer, including the material.

Musicians
---------

Instruments made by "Van Laar Trumpets" are bought and played by many internationally and nationally known musicians of various styles (from classical to jazz); including Arturo Sandoval, Chuck Findley, Enrico Rava, Ack van Rooyen, Paolo Fresu, Susana Santos Silva and Nils Wuelker.

Personal life
-------------

Van Laar was born in Sibbe in 1964. Hé came from a family of blacksmiths and miners. He died on 24 December 2022 at the age of 58.

Other websites
--------------

* Official website
Rhea
**Rhea** (Greek: Ῥέα) is one of the Titans in Greek mythology. She is a daughter of Gaia and Ouranos. She was the sister and wife of Kronos. She was the mother of Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, and Zeus). She was known as the "Great Mother" (*Magna Mater*). Rhea was not very important in the Ancient Greek religion. The Roman Rhea is Ops.

Name
----

Scholars think Rhea’s name comes from the word ῥέω (*rheo*), which means "flow" or "ease."

Story
-----

### Birth

Uranus kept all his children in a prison. But the youngest child, Cronus, escaped. Gaia helped him defeat his father. Cronus became king in his place. He freed his brothers and sisters. He married his sister Rhea. Rhea and Cronus fought Ophion and Eurynome, daughter of Oceanus. Rhea could wrestle. She fought Eurynome herself. Rhea and her husband threw them into the ocean. Rhea and her husband became rulers in their place.

### Husband and children

Cronus heard that one of his children would defeat him, the way he had defeated his father. When his children were born, he swallowed each one. They did not die. They were alive in his stomach. When Rhea had her sixth, Zeus, she hid him from Cronus. She gave Cronus a stone to swallow instead. She hid Zeus in Crete. When Zeus was grown, he would fight his father and save his brothers and sisters. They became the Olympian gods. Rhea stopped ruling as the queen of the gods. Instead of being a queen, she became a supporting goddess on Mount Olympus. She had some roles and stories in the new Olympian times. She was there when her grandson Apollo was born. She cared for her other grandson, Dionysus. When Hades kidnapped her granddaughter Persephone, Rhea went to stop Persephone's mother Demeter from crying. In the story of Pelops, she was reborn in the unlucky youth after he was killed.

### Later stories

Rhea and Aphrodite saved Creusa (the wife of Aphrodite's son Aeneas) from slavery after the fall of Troy. Rhea knew that the bodies of ships had been made from trees cut from her holy mountains, so she made the wood become sea nymphs.

The man Melanion wanted to marry Atalanta, and Aphrodite, goddess of love, helped him do it. But Melanion forget to thank Aphrodite for her help. So Aphrodite made the couple have great passion for each other when they were near a temple of Rhea. The two then went to have sex inside the temple. This made Rhea very angry. Rhea turned them into lions.
**Satsivi** (also known as **chicken in walnut sauce**) is a Georgian dish. It is made with chicken or turkey in a walnut sauce. It is seasoned with salt, pepper, garlic, fenugreek, coriander and cinnamon**.**

Bazhe
-----

Walnut sauce
Sterlet with walnut sauce 
**Bazhe** is the most widely used of the Georgian walnut sauces. It is more runny than *satsivi* sauce. It contains either red wine vinegar or pomegranate juice. It is often used on boiled or fried fish, such as trout. It is slightly tart, as sweeteners are not usually used by Georgians in their cooking.

Satsivi
-------

**Satsivi** is a Georgian dish made with walnut sauce. It is served cold as a dipping sauce for boiled or fried turkey or chicken. Traditionally, satsivi is made of walnuts, water, garlic, dried herbs (usually saffron and fenugreek), vinegar, cayenne pepper, and salt to taste. Satsivi is like the nut- or legume-based paste sauces such as hummus (which often contains garlic, lemon juice as a souring agent, and tahini, or sesame butter/paste) found in Syrian or Lebanese food.

Boiled turkey or chicken pieces in satsivi is generally eaten at winter holiday feasts. The dish as a whole is usually called *satsivi*. There are also vegetarian varieties made with aubergine or cauliflower.

A similar dish of boiled chicken with walnut paste is known as Circassian chicken in Turkey, the Levant, and Egypt. "Aquz" in the Caspian cuisine of Northern Iran is similar.
**Bologna Centrale** is the main railway station in Bologna, Italy. It is at the northern edge of the city centre. It is the southern end of the Milan-Bologna high-speed line, which opened on 13 December 2008. It is the northern end of three lines between Bologna and Florence: the original Bologna-Florence line through Porretta Terme and Pistoia; the Bologna–Florence Direttissima via Prato, which opened on 22 April 1934 and the Bologna-Florence high-speed line, which opened to traffic on 13 December 2009.

Bologna Centrale is the fifth-busiest in Italy. There are about 58 million passengers per year. It is one of the busiest, along with Rome Termini Station, for the number of train movements per day (about 800).

The station is linked to Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport by the Marconi Express, a direct monorail line 5-kilometre (3.1 mi) in length, launched on 18 November 2020.

Station
-------

Bologna Central High Speed 2013
There are two levels of railway tracks in the station complex: Bologna Centrale and Bologna Centrale (AV) *alta velocità (high speed)*. The central part of Bologna Centrale has through tracks for high-speed trains (except Frecciarossa trains which travel only on the Milan-Bologna high-speed line), intercity and regional trains. The western side has six tracks for regional trains from Milan or Verona. The eastern side has six tracks for regional trains from Prato, Ancona and Pescara.
On January 16, 2024, Iran conducted a series of missile strikes in Pakistan, targeting militants of Jaish ul-Adl in the Pakistani province of Balochistan. This was after Iran conducted similar strikes in Iraq and Syria, claiming retaliation for the Kerman bombings on January 3, attributed to the Islamic State. Pakistan condemned the attack and stated that two children had been killed.

Two days later, on January 18, Pakistan conducted a series of missile strikes in Iran, targeting the Balochistan Liberation Army and the Balochistan Liberation Front in the Iranian province of Sistan and Baluchestan. Iran condemned the attack and stated that nine people had been killed, including four children. All nine people being foreign nationals and non-Iranians.

Communicating through diplomatic channels on 19 January, both countries agreed to de-escalate and cooperate along the Iran–Pakistan border. Pakistan recalled the Iranian ambassador to Islamabad and reinstated the Pakistani ambassador in Tehran.

Foreign Minister of Iran Hossein Amir-Abdollahian visited Pakistan on 29 January 2024 at the invitation of Foreign Minister of Pakistan Jalil Abbas Jilani in a push for peace.

Iranian missile strikes in Pakistan
-----------------------------------

After conducting airstrikes in Iraq and Syria, the IRGC of Iran targeted Koh-e-Sabz, a locality in Pakistan's Balochistan. Pakistan condemned it and expelled Iran's ambassador, recalled its own ambassador, and issued of potential retaliation. Iran said they targeted Jaish ul-Adl, a Baloch insurgent group involved in the Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency. This group had previously claimed responsibility for the 2019 Khash–Zahedan suicide bombing that 26 people and injured 13.

Pakistani missile strikes in Iran
---------------------------------

On January 18, the Pakistan Armed Forces of Pakistan attacked seven places in Saravan, a city in Iran's Sistan and Baluchestan province. The operation was called "Marg Bar Sarmachar." Iranian Interior Minister said nine foreign nationals were killed, including three women and four children in the attack.

Related pages
-------------

* List of military operations during 2024
S

The Federal Ministry of Work and Social Affairs (BMAS) is a ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. It was part of the Federal Ministry of economy and work (German: *Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit*) between 2002 and 2005.

Office building
---------------

BMAS Berlin, Wilhelmstraße entrance
A part of the ministry is based in Berlin-Mitte. When the Bundestag and government moved to Berlin in 1999 the BMA moved into buildings in the Jägerstraße/ Wilhelmstraße. A large part of the ministry stayed in Bonn. Originally the building at Wilhelmstraße 49 was a stately home. After 1826 it was used by the Hohenzollern Prince Karl.

The building housed the press department of the Reichsregierung (National government) of the Weimar Republic between 1918 and 1933. Under the Third Reich it was the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda of Dr Joseph Goebbels.

After Wartime damage was repaired, the Central Council of the National Front moved in 1947. Later the Central Council of the German Democratic Republic occupied the building. The study of the first and only president of the DDR, Wilhelm Pieck, is there. It was restored between 1996 and 2000.

Federal ministers
-----------------

### Federal Minister for Work 1949 to 1957

1949-1957: Anton Storch (CDU)

### Federal Minister for Work and Social Affairs 1957 to 2007

* 1957-1965: Theodor Blank (CDU)
* 1965-1969: Hans Katzer (CDU)
* 1969-1976: Walter Arendt (SPD)
* 1976-1982: Herbert Ehrenberg (SPD)
* 1982-1982: Heinz Westphal (SPD)
* 1982-1998: Norbert Blüm (CDU)
* 1998-2002: Walter Riester (SPD)
	+ 2002-2005: Wolfgang Clement (SPD) Minister for Economy and Labour
	+ 2002-2005: Ulla Schmidt (SPD) Minister for Health and Social Security
* 2005-2007: Franz Müntefering (SPD)
* 2007-2009: Olaf Scholz (SPD)
* 2009: Franz Josef Jung (CDU)
* 2009-2013: Ursula von der Leyen (CDU)
* 2013-2017: Andrea Nahles (SPD)
* 2017-2018: Katarina Barley, (SPD)
* 2018-: Hubertus Heil, (SPD)

Functions
---------

The BMAS was involved in promoting the new Code of Social Law II, sometimes called Hartz IV.

The ministry also supervises the

Bundesagentur für Arbeit federal Labour agency ("Jobcentres" as they are known in the UK);

Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin. Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

### Europe

The European Court of Justice found that Germany did not properly enforce the Working Hours Directive. This was a job BMAS should have done.

 * v
* t
* e
 **German Federal Cabinet**

Defence | Justice | Finance | Interior | Foreign | Economics and Technology | Labour and Social Affairs | Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth | Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety | Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection | Economic Cooperation and Development | Health | Digital and Transport | Education and Research | Housing, Urban Development and Building | Special Affairs | Heads of the Chancellery
A **tajine** or **tagine** is a North African dish, named after the earthenware pot in which it is cooked. It is also called *maraq* or *marqa*.

Pottery
-------

The traditional tajine pottery, sometimes painted or glazed, is in two parts. There is a circular base unit that is flat with low sides and a large cone- or dome-shaped cover that sits on the base during cooking. The cover is designed to return all condensation to the bottom. That process can be improved by adding cold water into the specially designed well at the top of the lid.

Tajine is traditionally cooked over hot charcoal leaving enough space between the coals and the tajine pot to stop the temperature rising too quickly. Large bricks of charcoal are used, because they stay hot for hours. It can be cooked in a slow oven or on a gas or electric stove top, on the lowest heat necessary to keep the stew simmering gently. A diffuser, a circular utensil is placed between the tajine and the flame. That distributes the stove's heat evenly. European manufacturers have created tajines with heavy cast-iron bottoms. They can be heated on a cooking stove to a high temperature for browning the meat and vegetables before cooking.

Tajine cooking may be done using a slow cooker. Many ceramic tajines are decorative items as well as functional cooking vessels. Some tajines are intended only to be used as decorative serving dishes.

Gallery
-------

* Tajine potterTajine potter
* Tajine cookingTajine cooking
* Electrical tajineElectrical tajine
* Stovetop cooking of tajineStovetop cooking of tajine
* Tajine with lamb, prunes and almondsTajine with lamb, prunes and almonds
* Algerian tajine with chicken, meatballs and olivesAlgerian tajine with chicken, meatballs and olives
**Scotch bonnet** (also known as **Bonney peppers**, or **Caribbean red peppers**) is a variety of chili pepper named for its supposed resemblance to a Scottish tam o' shanter bonnet. It is common in West Africa and the Caribbean. 

Like the closely related habanero, Scotch bonnets have a heat rating of 100,000–350,000 Scoville units. For comparison, most jalapeño peppers have a heat rating of 2,500 to 8,000. A completely sweet variety of Scotch bonnet, cachucha, is grown on some Caribbean islands.

Cuisine
-------

Scotch bonnets are used to flavor food worldwide and are often used in hot sauces and condiments. The Scotch bonnet has a sweeter flavor and stouter shape, distinct from its habanero relative with which it is often confused. 

Scotch bonnets are mostly used in West Africa, West Indian, Sri Lankan, and Maldivian cooking and pepper sauces. They often appear in other Caribbean recipes. Scotch bonnets are used in jerk cooking. They are also used in Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama for Caribbean-styled recipes such as rice and peas, rondón, *saus*, beef patties, and ceviche. 

* Scotch bonnet peppers in a Caribbean marketScotch bonnet peppers in a Caribbean market
* A single ripe Scotch bonnet pepperA single ripe Scotch bonnet pepper
A **porcupine** is a rodent with a coat of sharp spines, or quills, that defend them from predators. The porcupine is the third biggest rodent, after the capybara, and beaver. They are not to be confused with hedgehogs. Most porcupines are about 60–90 cm long, with a 20–25 cm long tail. Weighing between 12-35 pounds (5–16 kg), they are rounded, large and slow. Porcupines come in various shades of brown, grey, and the unusual white. The name "porcupine" comes from Middle French *porc d'épine* "thorny pork", hence the nickname "quill pig" for the animal. The correct term for a **baby** porcupine is a porcupette. A porcupette has soft quills made of hardened hair. This protects the mother from injury as she gives birth.

The animal's quills or spines take on many forms, depending on the type, but all are hairs coated with thick plates of keratin, and they are in the skin musculature. Old World porcupines (Hystricidae) have quills in clusters. New World porcupines (Erethizontidae) have single quills mixed with bristles, underfur, and hair.

Porcupine quills are as sharp as needles, can be removed very easily, and will stay stuck in an attacker. Unlike needles, however, the quills of New World porcupines have small, backwards-facing barbs on the tip that catch on the skin making them hard and painful to pull out. Quills are about 75 mm long and 2 mm wide. If a quill gets in the tissues of an attacker, the barbs act to pull the quill farther into the tissues with the normal muscle movements of the attacker, moving up to many millimeters in a day. Animals who try to eat porcupines can die because of quill penetration and infection. Quills can still penetrate animals and humans even after death. The ancient belief that porcupines can throw their quills at an enemy has long been proved to be incorrect.

Old World porcupine
Porcupines can live in a wide range of places in tropical and mild parts of Asia, Italy, Africa, and North and South America. Porcupines live in forests, deserts and grasslands. Some live in trees, others stay on the ground.

Porcupines in search of salt sometimes live in human places, eating plywood cured with sodium nitrate, certain paints, and tool handles, footwear, clothes and other items that have been coated in salty sweat. Porcupines like going near roads in areas where rock salt is used to melt ice and snow. They are known to gnaw on vehicle tires or wiring coated in road salt. Salt licks placed nearby can stop porcupine damage.

Natural sources of salt used by porcupines include salt-rich plants (such as yellow water lily and aquatic liverwort), fresh animal bones, outer tree bark and mud in salt-rich soils.
**Housefly** is the common fly often found in houses. The Latin name for the housefly is *Musca domestica*. This species is always found near humans. It is the most common species found on hog and poultry farms, horse stables and ranches. Not only are house flies a nuisance, but they also carry disease-causing organisms. Flies are not only an irritant to farm workers but may be a public health concern. Houseflies are pests and can carry diseases.

Each female fly can lay about 9,000 eggs in its life, in several batches of about 75 to 150. The eggs are laid on or near meat, often dead animals. Within a day, larvae (maggots) hatch from the eggs; they live and feed on dead and decaying organic material, such as garbage, carrion or faeces. They are pale-whitish, and have no legs. Their life cycle is from 14 hours to 36 hours. 

At the end of their third instar, the maggots crawl to a dry, cool place and turn into pupae. These are coloured reddish-brown and about 8 mm long. From the pupae emerge adult flies. The whole cycle is known as complete metamorphosis. 

Adults live from two weeks to a month in the wild. After they come out from the pupae, the flies do not grow. Small flies of the same species did not get enough food when they were larvae.The function of an adult fly is to reproduce.

The male mounts the female from behind
Fried fish fingers
**Fishsticks** or **fish fingers** are a type of food probably invented in the United Kingdom. They are made of a whitefish like cod that is battered and breaded. They are often eaten with tartar sauce, or ketchup. *Fishsticks* are popular with children and their parents as an easy-to-prepare finger food that is somewhat healthy for kids.

History
-------

Fishsticks first came about as a result of the invention of the plate froster in 1929, the first quick freezer. For rapid freezing, food needed to be in slim rectangular slabs. A suitable candidate for this freezing method was fishsticks, slivers (small, thin pieces) cut from large fish and dipped in bread crumbs for frying.

In Britain in the 1950s, most of the herring catch was pickled and exported to other North European countries. To make herring more appealing on the home market, companies tried to present it in a new way, creating herring fishsticks called "herring savouries". They were tested on the market against a bland control product of cod sticks, sold as "fish fingers." Shoppers in Southampton and South Wales, preferred the cod. Cod fishsticks were first produced in Great Yarmouth and introduced in Britain on 26 September 1955. They became very popular after television advertising began in 1956.

Production
----------

On modern production lines, headless fish are processed through a machine that removes a fillet from each side of the backbone. The fillets then pass over a wheel and a blade that separates the skin from the flesh. Machine filleting leaves a few pin-like bones in the fillet, so the flesh containing the bones is cut out.

Fillets are formed into frozen blocks. A conveyor sends the blanks through batter and breadcrumbs, doubling the thickness of the fishstick. Then each is passed through a hot vegetable oil bath for about one minute to seal the coating and allow the fishstick to be grilled or fried. Then the fishstick is frozen again, with the center reaching -4 °F/-20 °C in less than 20 minutes. After packaging, it is stored at -18 °F/-28 °C, ready for distribution.

Trivia
------

* Fans of the New York Rangers of the NHL often taunt their rival team and fans, the New York Islanders because in the mid-1990s, the Islanders briefly changed their uniform from their traditional logo to a more new-age logo with a fisherman that many thought resembled the one on the box of Gorton's fish sticks. Rangers fans have been known to chant "We want Fishsticks" at both *Madison Square Garden* and the *Nassau Coliseum* during games between the teams.

Sources
-------

* Readers Digest. (1990). "Fish fingers: coated cod fillets ready for frying." *How in the World?* Pleasantville, NY: The Reader's Digest Association, Inc. ISBN 0-89577-353-8
The monument **Van Gorkum-Van Aefferden**, more well known as the "**grave with the little hands**" is a monumental Tombstone in the Dutch city of Roermond.

Background
----------

The cemetery that holds the monument was originally a Jewish cemetery but in the late 18th century, the owners of the cemetery allowed Dutch people of other religions to be buried there. In 1858, the artist Pierre Cuypers redesigned the cemetery making different sections for people of different faiths or sects. 

The tomb was created for a Catholic woman and a Protestant man who were Jacobus Warnerus Constantinus van Gorkum (Van Gorkum) and Josephina Carlina Petronella Hubertina van Aefferden. Both were married to each other besides their differences in religion, social class, and age. This caused a huge ruckus over their love and marriage which was condemned by many. After Gorkum's death, he was buried in the Protestant section of the cemetry. His widow wanted to be buried next to her husband but she could not be buried next to his husband due to the religious differences. The solution to the problem was to create a double grave on both sides of the wall with two hands connecting the graves.

Description
-----------

The grave monument contains two identical tombstones on both sides of the wall. Both tombs are placed on a limestone base, and are made of sandstone. Both are also crowned with the coat of arms of the Van Gorkum family on one side and a alliance coat of arms on the other side. On the back of the tombstone, hands are depicted of a man and woman trying to reach other besides their religious differences.

Both graves are locked off from being entered using iron bars to prevent trespassers from entering.

Pictures
--------

* Black and white picture of Gorkum's wife's graveBlack and white picture of Gorkum's wife's grave
* Van GorkumGorkum's grave
* Gorkum's wife's graveGorkum's wife's grave

National Monument Register Status
---------------------------------

The double grave was added to National Monument Register in May of 2002 as it was seen to have held cultural value due to both of them wanting to be connected despite their religious and cultural differences. The monument was added because of its unique design choices, its unique choice of materials, and finally its ornamentation.
**Mount Haguro** (羽黒山, **Haguro-san**), is a mountain in the city of Tsuruoka. It was part of the ancient province of Dewa in Japan. It is one of the Three Mountains of Dewa and stands at 414 meters (1,358 feet), making it the shortest of the three. However, unlike the other two mountains, it is accessible throughout the year. It has the famous Dewa Shrine on it.

There is a path that has 2,446 stone steps leading to its summit. The mountain has 600-year-old sugi [en] trees, and along the way to the top, you will see famous landmarks like the Gojūnotō five-story pagoda, Grandpa cedar (jijisugi 爺杉), a 1000-year-old cedar tree, and many shrines. The steps and the pagoda are important and are listed as National Treasures. At the summit of the mountain is the Sanjingōsaiden shrine (三神合祭殿), which honors the spirits of all three mountains.

You can also reach the summit of the mountain by bus service. Besides religious pilgrims, travelers often stay at the Saikan temple lodgings.

In the Edo period there used to be 336 shukubo on the mountain

Gallery
-------

* ShōrōShōrō
* Sanzan Gosai-den templeSanzan Gosai-den temple
* Gosai-den-haidenGosai-den-haiden
* Gojū-tōGojū-tō
* The path to the summitThe path to the summit
* Haniyamahime-jinjaHaniyamahime-jinja
* The Gojū-tō Pagoda, near the base of Mount HaguroThe Gojū-tō Pagoda, near the base of Mount Haguro
* The grounds of the Saikan lodgings.The grounds of the Saikan lodgings.
* A temple at the top of Mount Haguro.A temple at the top of Mount Haguro.
* Detailed engraving work on top of a temple.Detailed engraving work on top of a temple.
* Bell and toriiBell and torii
* IncenseIncense
* SculptureSculpture
* The path to the summitThe path to the summit

Other websites
--------------

* Mount Haguro Page (English)
* English information about Mount Haguro
The **Pareto principle** is a concept introduced by Vilfredo Pareto That shows in many fields, 20% of the subject matter consumes 80% of use. This theorem came from Vilfredo Pareto's research on economics, and buying habits.

Reasoning
---------

It is currently unknown why this phenomenon occurs, or why it is so prominent in every facet of the universe. Some hypothesize that it is a law of physics, that causes everything to act in such a way, While others hypothesize it could simply be a quirk of the human brain, spurring results to occur in this fashion.

Examples
--------

In any given room, 20% of the floor is walked on 80% of the time.

In all languages, 20% of words are used 80% of the time.

20% of criminals commit 80% of crimes.

20% of employees are responsible for 80% of the results.

20% of a store's products make up 80% of sales.

Related pages
-------------

* Keystone species
* Matthew effect
* Megadiverse countries
* Microtransaction whale
* Pareto distribution
* Power law
* Regression toward the mean
* Sturgeon's law
* Zipf's law
LGBT Pride Flag
**The Rainbow flag** has been the symbol of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) community since its creation in 1978. It is also called the 'Pride Flag.' The flag was created by Gilbert Baker of San Francisco, California in 1978.

History
-------

The flag was first used at a LGBT pride parade in San Francisco in 1978, at that time it had eight colors. The next year it was changed to six colors, so it could be easier to make.

The flag was first made by Gilbert Baker, to be used instead of the pink triangle symbol used before. The pink triangle was used by Nazis to show who was homosexual. Homosexual people were sent to concentration camps in Nazi Germany, where they made homosexual men wear a pink triangle. This was like the yellow Star of David that Jews had to wear to show who was Jewish. LGBT people were not ashamed of the pink triangle, but they wanted a more positive, happier symbol.

Meaning
-------

This was the original flag design
In the LGBT version of the rainbow flag, each color has a different meaning

* Pink = Sexuality
* Red = Life
* Orange = Healing
* Yellow = Sunlight
* Green = Nature
* Turquoise = Magic/Art
* Royal Blue = Serenity/Harmony
* Violet = Spirit

It used to have a pink stripe, which meant *sexuality*, but was removed because the pink cloth was unable to be mass produced. It also had a Turquoise stripe as well, but it was removed.

Related pages
-------------

* Bisexual flag
* International Bear Brotherhood Flag
* Pansexual flag
* Pride flag
* Rainbow flag
* Transgender flag

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***LGBT pride flags***.

* Unsung Heroes of the Gay World: Vexillographer Gilbert Baker Archived 2009-07-21 at the Wayback Machine
* How Did Gay Pride Flag Originate? Archived 2008-04-10 at the Wayback Machine KPIX-TV (CBS 5), December 1, 2006
* Gilbert Baker speaks about the Pride flag
**Chechil** or **chechili** is an Armenian brined string cheese, popular in Armenia and Georgia. It has a consistency like mozzarella or sulguni. It is made rolled up in a figure eight like thick braid-shaped ropes. Chechil is a smoked, braided, salty, string-cheese beer snack that is enjoyed by beer drinkers and enthusiasts. Chechil is made from pasteurized cow milk and is low in fat. Its taste is salty, very chewy, and with a smoky flavor to it. Its consistency is firm and smooth.

Chechil is one of the cheeses produced in the Armenian Highlands and is also called *husats* or *tel*. It is a kneaded or pulled cheese, and the art of the cheese-maker is in stretching it thin so that it yields a "chicken-breast texture". The cheese is often sold braided in thick ropes. Curd is given a hot whey bath. Then it is kneaded and stretched to the desirable, pliable consistency. In the Western world, *chechil panir* is often called **Armenian string cheese**. Armenian refugees who settled in Syria after the Armenian genocide of 1915 introduced it in the country. In Turkey, chechil is called çeçil or tel peyniri. It is widely popular there. It is produced in Erzurum and in Ardahan. In Russia, it is very popular with beer in bars. Chechil is also produced in the USA. In the UK, Meskhuri Chechili is a "protected geographical indication" by agreement between the UK and Georgian governments.

Chechil is matured in brine and often smoked. It is sometimes mixed with other hard cheeses, and is stored in jars or wine skins.

Nutrient content:

* Fat — 5–10%
* Water — 58–60%
* Salt — 4–8%

Because of its low fat content, chechil is often used as diet food.
*Semmelknödel*
*Sauerbraten* with *Knödel*
*Grießklößchen*
Plum dumpling, called *Zwetschgenknödel*
***Knödel*** or ***Klöße*** are large round poached or boiled potato or bread dumplings, made without yeast. They are normal parts of Austrian, German, Hungarian, Slovakian and Czech cuisine. They come in many different forms. They can be made from flour, potatoes, old bread, semolina, etc. In most types, they are used as a side dish for meat. They can also be served as a dessert or in a soup.

Names and varieties
-------------------

In Hungary, they are called *gombóc*; in the Czech Republic, *knedlík*; in Slovakia, knedľa, in Luxembourg, *Kniddel(en)*, *cnigle* in Bukovina; and, in Italy, *canederli*. In some parts of the United States, *klub* is used to mean potato dumplings. 

*Klöße* are large dumplings, steamed or boiled in hot water, made of dough from grated raw or mashed potatoes, eggs and flour. Similar semolina crack dumplings are made with semolina, egg and milk. They are called *Grießklößchen*.
*Thüringer Klöße* are made from raw or boiled potatoes, or a mixture of both, and are often filled with croutons or ham. In Austria and Hungary they make large sweet dumplings or plum dumplings called Zwetschkenknödel. Gombotzen are made with flour & potato batter, by wrapping the potato dough around whole plums or apricots. They then are boiled and rolled in hot buttered caramelized bread crumbs. Topfenknödel are made with quark cheese (Topfen) and are traditionally topped with cinnamon sugar and served with apple sauce or with streusel.

*Königsberger Klopse* are not dumplings, they are made from ground meat and are related to *Frikadeller*.
scone varieties
A **scone** is a kind of bread that is baked on a griddle or sheet. Scones are very small, and are in the same group as the crumpet or muffin. It is made of wheat, barley, or oatmeal and baking powder to make it rise. The scone is shaped closely like the North American biscuit, and its recipe is almost the same with it as well. Sometimes scones may have raisins, currants, cheese, or dates in them. In the United States, however, scones include more sweet kind of fillings like cranberries, chocolate chips, or nuts. They can often be found in coffee shops and in a great variety in the British Isles. It is generally thought that scones are best eaten when they are very hot and freshly baked right from the oven, accompanied with melting warm butter.

Etymology
---------

Some think that scone comes from the Gaelic "sgonn", which meant a piece of dough that has been cooked for a couple of minutes, shapeless mass or large mouthful; and the Dutch "schoonbrot", which meant *fine white bread*; or, for last, the German "sconbrot", which meant *fine or beautiful bread*. The Oxford English Dictionary believes the German and Dutch is more accurate.

It is sometimes debated on the correct pronunciation for "scone". In Scotland and North England, the word is pronounced as "skawn", or "skahn", while in Southern England, it is pronounced as "skoan" or "skown". The latter pronunciation came from the United States and Canada.

Meanwhile, Cambridge Dictionary presents both options as acceptable.

History
-------

Scones are connected traditionally with England, Scotland, and Ireland, but nobody knows which country invented it. However, the first known mention of a scone that was printed is from the translation of *The Aenaid* (1513) written by a Scottish poet named Gavin Douglas.

Scones are related to the ancient Welsh tradition of cooking small round yeast cakes on stones, that later changed to griddles. First-made scones included oats inside them, and were baked over an open fire. However, today's scones are more like American biscuits. They are made with wheat, and baked in the oven.

The most popular scones are soda scones, wholemeal scones, rich white scones, treacle scones, potato scones, ballater scones and drop scones. Scones usually take about four to ten minutes to bake.
*This article is about the Irish rock band. For the American rock band, see The Cars.*

**The Corrs** is a folk pop rock band from Ireland. There are three sisters and one brother in the quartet. They became very popular in the late 1990s.

The group
---------

They were all born in Dundalk, Republic of Ireland, the children of Gerry and Jean Corr.

### Jim Corr

Jim Corr (born 31 July 1964) is the oldest member of the group. He mainly plays the guitar, but he can also play the on the keyboards and the piano.

### Sharon Corr

Sharon Corr (born 24 March 1970) plays the violin, keyboards, and does backing vocals and vocals on her own (vocals means "singing").

### Caroline Corr

Caroline Corr, (born 17 March 1973) plays the drums, the "percussion", the bodhran, the piano, and also does backing vocals.

### Andrea Corr

Andrea Corr (born 17 May 1974) plays the tin whistle and does the lead vocals.

Early history
-------------

The Corrs created themselves in 1991 to try to get in the movie *The Commitments*. Jim, Sharon, and Caroline got a small part as musicians, while Andrea got a speaking part as Sharon Rabbitte, sister of the main character. It was while they were trying out for this movie that they were noticed by their manager, John Hughes.

Their music has been released through Atlantic Records, a music company.

Their first album, *Forgiven, Not Forgotten*, was most popular in Australia. They then did another album called *Talk On Corners*, which was very popular in Ireland and Britain.

Albums released
---------------

* *Jupiter Calling* (2017)
* *White Light* (2015)
* *Home* (2005)
* *Borrowed Heaven* (2004)
* *The Best Of The Corrs* (2001)
* *In Blue* (2000)
* *Talk on Corners* (1998)
* *Forgiven, Not Forgotten* (1995)

DVDs they have been on
----------------------

* Best Of The Corrs 2002
* Live In London 2001
* Live At Lansdowne Road 2000
* Unplugged 2000
* Live At The Royal Albert Hall 2000

Other websites
--------------

* Official Corrs site Archived 2005-03-02 at the Wayback Machine
* The Corrs Infopage (fan website) Archived 2005-10-01 at the Wayback Machine
The **EPR paradox** is an early and strong criticism of can quantum mechanics. Albert Einstein and his co-workers, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, said that Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, and the other scientists in Copenhagen were wrong about uncertainty. Heisenberg claimed that you could never know, for any one time, both the position and momentum (or velocity, or trajectory) of any atom-sized or smaller particle. The idea was that the two could not be measured at the same time, and that as soon as one was measured a change would occur and you would not get the same answer for the other one that you would have gotten if you had measured it first. Einstein and his group said that Heisenberg should think again. Suppose you had two very small particles. You measured the weight of each of them and then stuck them together. You gave them a little push. Then something broke them apart. They should have both positions and velocities that were related. So if you measured the position of one of them, then even if you assumed that Heisenberg was right and you could not avoid messing up its velocity in the process of measuring it, surely that did not mean that it never had a definite velocity. For proof, Einstein said that you could next measure the velocity of the second particle and, since everything was mathematically related, you would then know the velocity of the first particle. 

There was one way that Heisenberg could be right, a reason that Einstein thought was nonsense: What if measuring the position of the first particle would mess up the velocity of the second particle. That would be like magic. How could anybody explain such an influence? Suppose that the two particles were moving away very fast and a long time had gone by. If something that happened to the first particle somehow influenced the second particle, its influence would have to travel faster than the speed of light, which is impossible. Physicists like Erwin Schrödinger suggested that maybe the relationship in position and velocity would just gradually go away somehow. Schrödinger called the connection between the two particles (and anything like it that happened to other things) "entanglement." 

"Spooky action at a distance," as Einstein called it, is one way of understanding this paradox. Einstein had no way of knowing that future experiments would show that entanglement exists. In the end, John Stewart Bell showed mathematically (Bell's theorem) that there is no way that hidden variables could account for experimental results that show entanglement.
**Urine** (**pee**) is a liquid created by the body, in the kidneys. It is stored in the bladder and comes out of the human body through the urethra, a tube which leads from the bladder to the urethral meatus (*meatus* is an opening in the body), at the tip of the penis (men) or the vulva (women). Urinating is how the body gets rid of unwanted or unneeded substances in the blood. Urine is the liquid that these substances are put in. After the blood has circulated through the body, its composition has changed, because some substances in the blood have been absorbed by the body and because the body has released other substances into the blood. The blood has also absorbed substances produced from our food. The liver removes many toxins (harmful substances) and adds other substances that the blood needs (amino acids, proteins, coagulation factors, hormones, etc.). Then the kidneys remove excess amounts of urea, salts, etc. by putting them into the urine. After the blood has passed through the liver and the kidneys, it has the correct composition that the body needs.

Urine is mostly water, and contains mineral salts, and about 2% urea, which is produced in the liver to remove ammonia, which is a very toxic substance. Urea has very low toxicity, although a continuously high level of urea in the blood (a condition called hyperuremia) can cause disease.

The color of urine normally ranges from colourless to yellow. The yellow color is caused by urobilins, which are produced by the breakdown of hemoglobin, the substance that gives blood its red color. If a person is dehydrated, less urine will be produced (maybe less than one liter per day), and it will be more concentrated. If a person drinks a lot of water, more urine will be produced (maybe as much as two liters per day) and it will be less concentrated.

Urine.
Urine lets the body get rid of:

1. Extra water
2. Extra electrolytes (salts)
3. Urea (mostly not needed by the body)
4. Drugs
5. Toxins (poisons in the body)( Note that most toxins are removed in the bile of the liver, which transfers the toxins to the feces. Many descriptions of urine say that some toxins are removed in urine, but do not say what toxins these are).

Some slang terms for urine are "pee", "wee", "wee wees" and "piss".

Related pages
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* Urination
Playing HoliPlaying Holi
Girl playing Holi with gulaal colors

  

**Holi** is one of the major festivals of Hindus. It is celebrated in South Asian countries, especially in India and Nepal. Hiranyanaksap wanted to kill his son, so he called his sister, Holika. She had a magic robe. This robe had the power to save the wearer from burning in fire. Hiranyakashyap ordered his sister to sit on a burning fire along with Prahlad. He thought that his sister would not be harmed by the fire of the magic robe and Prahlad would be burnt to death. But the result was the opposite of what the evil demon king planned.

Thus Prahlad came out of the burning fire safely and Holika was burnt to death. Holi is the festival of colours. It is celebrated with colors to mark the victory of virtue and goodness over evil.

The festival is celebrated for two days. The 2nd day, Rang Panchami marks the closing day of the Holi festival.

People are seen with different varieties of colors on Holi. They put colors on each other, sing, dance. They worship Lord Krishna and put colors on his idol.

Families gather together and Parvi the whole day...

References Happy Holi colors
----------------------------

Other websites
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* History of Holi - Kamadahana Festival
* Holi at Curlie
* How to practice safe Holi Archived 2017-03-29 at the Wayback Machine, Government of India
* Holi in pictures from *The Guardian*


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Holi***.
**Zeus** is the deez nuzMount Olympus. Zeus is the three of Cronos and Rhea, king and queen of the Titans respectively. His father, Cronos, swallowed his children as soon as they were born for fear of a prophecy which foretold that one of them would overthrow him. When Zeus was born, Rhea hid him in a cave on Mount Ida in Crete, giving Cronos a stone wrapped in swaddling clothes to swallow instead. When Zeus was older he went to free his brothers and sisters; together with their allies, the Hekatonkheires and the Elder Cyclopes, Zeus and his siblings fought against the Titans in a ten-year war known as the Titanomachy. At the end of the war, Zeus took Kronos' scythe made of diamond and cut him into pieces, throwing his remains into Tartarus. He then became the king of gods. 

The supreme deity of the Greek pantheon, Zeus was universally respected and revered throughout Ancient Greece; the ancient Olympic Games were held at the site of Olympia every four years in honor of him. Highly temperamental, Zeus was armed with the mighty thunderbolt, said to be the most powerful weapon among the gods. Zeus was married to his sister, Hera, though he was infamous for his infidelity, taking on an almost innumerable amount of lovers and consorts, both mortal and divine including Karis and Hercules' mother. Zeus was known for throwing thunderbolts at people. 

The god of honor and justice, Zeus was the one who both established and enforced law, and served as the standard for kings to follow, ensuring they did not abuse the power of their position. His symbols were the thunderbolt, a scepter, an oak tree, and the eagle and bull were his sacred animals. His Roman equivalent is Jupiter. Zeus was the strongest Greek god, the ruler of all gods. He also had a lot of children that he was not supposed to have.

Related pages
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* Tinia - Etruscan mythology version of Zeus
* Jupiter - Roman mythology version of Zeus
* Indra - Hindu mythology version of Zeus