recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Fess Elisha Parker, Jr.** (August 16, 1924 – March 18, 2010), was an American actor.

Career
------

His first movie was *Harvey* (1950) with James Stewart. Over the years, he worked on movies with many well known actors. These include Gary Cooper, Bob Hope, Jeff Chandler and Steve McQueen.

Fess Parker work for Disney on two movies about Davy Crockett In 1964, NBC hired him to do a television series about Daniel Boone. The series was about the Boone and his fights against the Indians and the redcoats in the American Revolution. The cast of the series included of Patricia Blair as Rebecca Boone, Albert Salmi as Yadkin, Ed Ames as Mingo, Roosevelt Grier as Gabe Cooper and Darby Hinton is Israel Boone. 159 episodes were made between 1964-1970.

Movies
------

| Year | Movie |
| --- | --- |
| 1950 | *Harvey* |
| 1952 | *Springfield Rifle* |
| 1954 | *Them!* |
| 1956 | *Westward Ho, The Wagons!* |
| 1959 | *Alias Jesse James* |
| 1962 | *The Jayhawker!* |
| *Hell Is for Heroes* |
| 1955 | *Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier* |
| 1956 | *Davy Crockett and the River Pirates* |

Other websites
--------------

* Fess Parker on IMDb
**Samsung Galaxy** is a series of mobile devices made by Samsung. Most of them are smartphones and tablet computers that run Android, an operating system made by Google. New models come out every year.

The first Samsung Galaxy phone came out in June 2009. There are many different models of phones. Each of them is different, such as in the size of their screens or what features it has, but the best of them is the Galaxy S series. The most recent Galaxy S phones are the Samsung Galaxy S23, S23+ and S23 Ultra, which were all released in February 2023. Of the other Galaxy phones, the now-discontinued Galaxy Note series has a bigger screen and a stylus pen. The most recent of these, the Galaxy Note 20 and Note 20 Ultra, were both released in August 2020.

The first Samsung Galaxy Tab came out in September 2010. The most recent are the Galaxy Tab S9, S9+, S9 Ultra and A9 10.5, which all announced in August 2023. Like the phones, there are different models of Galaxy tablets, which can have screen sizes from 8 inches all the way up to 16 inches. Some models have keyboards that plug into the device to make it easier to type, while others have a stylus, like the Galaxy Note phones. Also, although most of the Galaxy tablets use Android, some of the newer ones, such as the Galaxy TabPro S, use Windows 10 instead.

Samsung also made smartwatches under the Galaxy brand. The first of these was the Galaxy Gear, which came out in September 2013. The company has since made some new models, including the Galaxy Gear Live in June 2014, but later ones are branded as Samsung Galaxy Watch and Samsung Galaxy Active. The most recent is the Galaxy Watch 6.

Besides their own products, Samsung also made the Nexus S and Galaxy Nexus phones, and the Nexus 10 tablet. These are all part of Google's own Nexus series of phones. Unlike Samsung's own phones, they have no extra mobile apps added or changes made to the user interface.
**Alexander Helios** was a Ptolemaic prince and the son of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony. Alexander had a twin sister named Cleopatra Selene II. Both of their names had special meanings; Alexander's last name (Helios) means "Sun," and his sister's last name (Selene) means "Moon." Cleopatra named her son after the famous leader Alexander the Great. It's not known exactly when Alexander died, but it might have been between the years 29 and 25 BC.

Life
----

Alexander Helios was born in Alexandria around 40 BC. He was the second son of Cleopatra. Around 34 BC Cleopatra and her husband, Mark Antony, gave Alexander the titles of ruler of Armenia, Media, Parthia, and any lands between the Euphrates and Indus River that were still not discovered. However, these lands were already ruled by other people at that time.

In 33 BC, Alexander got engaged to Iotapa, a princess from Media. Her father was Artavasdes I. When Mark Antony and Cleopatra lost battle of Actium in 31 BC, They killed themselves and Lotapa left Egypt to go back to her father.

When Augustus won against Cleopatra and Mark Antony, he didn't hurt Alexander or his siblings. Instead, he took them from Egypt to Rome. He gave the children to his sister Octavia Minor to take care of. Octavia took good care of them and taught them well.

### Later life

The only other information we have about Alexander Helios and his brother Ptolemy Philadelphus when they arrived at Rome is from Cassius Dio books. Cassius Dio explained that when Cleopatra Selene II married King Juba II, Augustus allowed Alexander and Ptolemy to live because of the marriage. Alexander is not mentioned in any more historical records after that.

Sources
-------

* "Alexander Helios". Archived from the original on 2003-11-02.
* Cleopatra Selene II & Juba II
* Plutarch - Antony
***Consolevania*** is an internet television program that is about video games. It also has funny stories, although not all of these are about games. It is made by Rab Florence and Ryan Mcleod in Glasgow, Scotland. *Consolevania* must be downloaded from the internet rather than watching it on a television set. *Consolevania* is named after a video game called *Castlevania* on the Super Nitendo video game console.

Rab and Ryan, also made a normal television show for BBC Scotland, called *videoGaiden*. It has less swearing in it.

Some of the funny characters in *Consolevania* are:

* John Gacy - A clown who pretends not to kill children
* Sammy Miller - A man who tries to make the show safer but ends up hurting himself
* Hitler - The Hitler in *Consolevania* is angry about losing the war and tries to stop the show

*Consolevania* has a good reputation because the presenters care about video games and they sometimes makes fun of certain people who make video games. People also like the funny stories and swearing.

Other websites
--------------


Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: ***Consolevania***

* Consolevania - The *Consolevania* website
Under construction in 2012
The **King Abdullah Financial District** (KAFD) is being built in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It will have the Saudi Stock Exchange and Capital Market Authority. The KAFD will be an important financial center in the Middle East. However, KAFD will not only be a financial center. It will have areas where people live, offices, and educational and recreational facilities. The King Abdullah Financial District is estimated to be worth about $7.8 billion (US).

Facilities and attractions
--------------------------

There will be multiple educational and recreational attractions for residents and visitors of all ages in The KAFD. KAFD will feature museums, exhibitions, malls, hotels, restaurants, conference centers and auditoriums. Such as, the Aquarium, the Conference Center, the Built Environment Museum, the Earth's Climate Center, the Science Museum, the Relaxation Health Club, and the Interactive Children's Museum. Also, there will be seven uniquely designed mosques spread throughout the KAFD. Also, every building will have footbridges that will connect one building to another. That will make traveling through buildings easy.
Further, the monorail train that will travel through the whole district.

Space and capacity
------------------

The King Abdullah Financial District will span an area of 1.6 million square meters that consists of 34 towers in total. The KAFD will cover over 3 million square meters of space for different purposes such as residential, parking, and office spaces. KAFD will house 12,000 residents and in addition, it will have 62,000 parking spaces.

Banks and headquarters
----------------------

The King Abdullah Financial District will have the headquarters of the Capital Market Authority (CMA) and the Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadwul).
Added to that, the KAFD will also accommodate a financial academy, and a number of banks, companies and other financial institutions.

Architecture and design
-----------------------

Bombardier Inc has been given a SR904- million ($241-million) contract to build a monorail system for the King Abdullah Financial District. KAFD’s architecture is designed and is being supervised by Henning Larsen Architects. Moreover, Zaha Hadid Architects will design the KAFD’s metro station.
**Woozworld** is a virtual gaming community and social network service. It was originally called Kidstudio 2.0. Woozworld was founded in 2010 and is in Montreal, Quebec. Woozworld allows kids and teens to connect with each other through profiles and other activities.

Gameplay
--------

Want to get a taste of fame and be a movie star or celebrity? Need to express yourself through new fashion designer clothes? Always wanted your own doll character to play dress up? Dream of being the next fashionista or top model? Have a niche for decorating and designing? Looking to own the next star studded restaurant or chic new boutique? Want a place to hangout, meet and chat with friends from around the world? Woozworld is a fashion social network and virtual world where users build and fully personalize their character to create stories expressing their styles and to entertain with thousands of stylish clothes and outfits. 

In Woozworld, there are millions of fashionistas personalizing and expressing styles with new weekly clothes, building their character’s story, and dressing up with thousands of stylish clothes that bring them one step closer to stardom. Users can create their avatar, play online, and build their limitless world. They can choose their own look, level up, design outfits in their Closet, set new trends, throw amazing parties and games, create challenges, compete in contests, reach stardom on leaderboards, complete for the best designs, decorate spaces, earn achievements, adopt and train pets, craft items and collect resources, chat with friends (both in private, public, and group environments), go on fun quests, vote each other, and run their own business.
**Gautam Budh Nagar** is a largely suburban district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. It is part of the National Capital Region (India). Greater Noida is the district administrative headquarters. The city of Greater Noida is India's first ISO 160001 certified city.

Gautam Budh Nagar is an important industrial district of Uttar Pradesh. The city of Greater Noida has evolved as an epicenter for technical education and industrial expansion.

Population
----------

According to the 2011 census, Gautam Budh Nagar has a population of 1,674,714. It is ranked 294th out of a total of 640 Indian districts in terms of population. Gautam Budh Nagar has a population density of 1,161 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,010/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 39.32%. Gautam Budh Nagar has a sex ratio of 852 females for every 1,000 males, and a literacy rate of 82.2%.

Due to its close proximity to Delhi, the population is highly literate with 82.2% of population in the district are literate compared to 74.04% national average. The female lieracy stands at 72.78% much higher than national average of 65.46%.
**Piezoelectric** material generates a small electrical voltage, when its shape is deformed. This can be by as little as a 0.09% change, and can produce 12mAh worth of electricity at 230V (standard power output). It is important to note that the actual values of a piezoelectric material's volume or surface area do not change, as only the ratios of each axis (x, y and z) that are altered. E.g. a cuboid with 20 meters cubed volume can have the normal dimensions 1 meter by 2 meters by 10 meters, and the deformed dimensions 2 meters by 2.5 meters by 4 meters; the volume would remain the same, 20 cubic metres (710 cu ft).

When processed, the piezoelectric crystal become sharper as they get refined through heating and cooling. This process makes the material much more sensitive to changes in pressure, as well as increases their resistance to compressive stress that would impede its ability to function.

Sources
-------

Weatherill, Bryan; Mantovani, Bill; Jones, Robert; Cooke, Ernie; Roberts, David (2010). *Engineering Level 3, BTEC National*. Andy Boyce. Pearson. ISBN 978-1-84690-724-1.

Related pages
-------------

* Crystal oscillator
* Pierre Curie
The **Ethiopian calendar** is the main calendar used in Ethiopia. It serves as the liturgical calendar for Christians in Eritrea and Ethiopia belonging to the Orthodox Tewahedo churches, Eastern Catholic Church and Coptic Orthodox Church. It is a solar calendar which comes from the Egyptian calendar. But like the Julian calendar, it adds a leap day every four years. It begins the year on August 29 or August 30 in the Julian calendar. A seven to eight-year gap between the Ethiopian and Gregorian calendars results from an alternate calculation in determining the date of the annunciation of Jesus.

Makeup
------

Like the Coptic calendar, the Ethiopic calendar has twelve months of 30 days plus five or six epagomenal days, which make up a thirteenth month. The Ethiopian months begin on the same days as those of the Coptic calendar. The names of the days are in Ge'ez. The sixth epagomenal day is added every four years without exception on August 29 of the Julian calendar. This occurs six months before the Julian leap day. Thus the first day of the Ethiopian year, *1 Mäskäräm*, for years between 1900 and 2099 (inclusive), is usually September 11 (Gregorian). It, however, falls on September 12 in years before the Gregorian leap year. The Ethiopian New Year falls on September 11 of the Gregorian calendar. On leap years it falls on September 12.

History
-------

In 1582 the Christian world changed from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar. Ethiopia did not make the change. As a result, Ethiopia is seven years and eight months behind those countries that use the Gregorian calendar. Christmas and Easter fall on different dates than they would elsewhere.

Tourists
--------

In Ethiopia banks, airlines and other institutions that tourists would use run on the western calendar. Everywhere else the Ethiopian calendar is used. That may cause some confusion.

Other websites
--------------

* Current local time and date in Ethiopia
The **octet rule** is a general rule of thumb that applies to most atoms. It states that every atom might want to have eight valence electrons in its outermost electron shell.

Background
----------

According to the Bohr model, an atom consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons orbited by a number of electrons. In an ordinary atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons. If it has more or fewer electrons, it is an ion. In addition, the electrons orbit in electron shells. Each shell can only contain a certain number of electrons before new electrons must migrate to the next shell or "energy level." Starting with the third energy level, however, electrons sometimes move up a level even before the current one is full.

The rule
--------

Every atom tries to have 8 electrons in its outermost (or valence) shell. This may require them to give up, share, or take electrons. As stated above, the number of electrons normally equals the number of protons. This means that some atoms are "happier" than others. For example, neon, as with other noble gases, naturally has 8 valence electrons. (10 total - 2 in the 1st energy level = 8 in the 2nd) Not surprisingly, neon hardly ever reacts with anything. (Neon lights require high voltages to work.) By contrast, the atoms in the Alkaline metals column, such as sodium, have only one valence electron, with a layer containing 8 electrons in the shell below. This means that sodium only has to give up one valence electron in order to complete the octet rule, and will do so if given the chance, hence why sodium is so chemically reactive.
Map of Russian military activities in Belarus as of 15 March 2022
Russian helicopter Mil Mi-8AMTSh (Mi-171Sh) in Minsk, 23 February 2022
Belarus, a close ally of Russia, has supported them in the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Before the invasion started, Belarus let the Russian Armed Forces to perform weeks-long military drills on its territory. However, the Russian soldiers did not leave the country after they finished. Belarus allowed Russia to start part of the invasion in its territory, giving Russia the shortest possible land route to Ukraine's capital city, Kyiv. These forces left Ukraine within two months, which ended land-based military operations coming from Belarus and allowing Ukraine to take back their side of the border area. The situation along the border is still tense, with Ukraine closing all of the border checkpoints leading into Belarus unless there are special cases.

At the start, Belarus said that they were not involved with the invasion, but they later admitted that they allowed Russian missile launchers in Belarus to shoot at Ukrainian targets. Several reports from the Belarusian opposition and Ukrainian military said that Belarusian soldiers were in Ukraine helping the Russians fight, but Belarus's leader Aleksander Lukashenko said that the reports were wrong and the Belarusian Armed Forces (BAF) would not fight in the invasion. As of early 2023, the BAF have not attacked Ukraine and stayed in Belarus for the entire war. The Belarusian leader has said that there is "no way" he will send soldiers into Ukraine unless they attack first.

The involvement of Belarus was condemned in Western countries. According to Chatham House, Belarus's involvement in the war is not popular with the public.

At the start of the invasion, Belarus held Russo-Ukrainian peace talks on its border. The talks did not make a lasting ceasefire happen.
Software to detect AI-generated content
---------------------------------------

Software designed to identify AI-generated content is developed to ascertain if content, including text, images, videos, or audio, has been produced using artificial intelligence (AI). These tools are particularly relevant in academic settings, where they are employed to combat plagiarism and ensure the integrity of student work.

### Text detection

AI detection software, such as **GPTZero,** is utilized to determine if text has been authored by AI, with applications in educational institutions to prevent plagiarism. The accuracy of these tools is subject to debate, and concerns have been raised regarding their potential misuse in academic environments. Instances have been reported where human-written content was incorrectly flagged as AI-generated, and conversely, AI-generated content was not detected Some studies suggest that these tools may exhibit bias against non-native English speakers

High-profile cases have occurred where students nearly faced severe academic consequences due to misidentification by AI detection software, leading to subsequent media coverage and investigations that cleared the accused. Certain universities have expressed skepticism about the reliability of these tools and have opted out of using them,

### Anti text detection

In response to the development of AI detection tools, software has been created by a PhD student named Bars Juhasz to bypass detection, raising questions about the ongoing effectiveness of these measures.

Research has tested various AI detection tools, with some showing high initial accuracy rates that were significantly reduced when Undetectabl.ai was used. The debate extends to the efficacy of digital watermarking, with experts challenging its reliability and ability to withstand tampering

The final conclusions determined that while originality,ai spotted the GPT-4 text well, Undetectable.ai was able to significantly reduce detection of gen-ai content by a staggering amount.

### Image, video, and audio detection

AI detection software also exists for identifying AI-generated images, videos, and audio. However, the reliability of these tools is not yet fully established 2324. Efforts to detect deepfakes are ongoing, with varying degrees of success 25. Google DeepMind's development of SynthID, a watermarking tool for AI-generated images, is one such initiative in the field 2627.

Related Pages
-------------

* AI alignment
* Content similarity detection
* Hallucination (artificial intelligence)
* Natural language processing

Other websites
--------------

* Undetectable AI
* GPTZero
* Zero Gpt
***Susanna and the Elders***  (also known as ***Susanna e i Vecchioni***) is a 18th-century portrait painted in oil by Giambattista Pittoni, made around 1720, during the Rococo in Venice, Italy, exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Description
-----------

It is a compositional drawing in black chalk that depicts the history of Old Testament of  Susanna, here portrayed on the right in nudity, surprised during the bath by two elderly people, whose figures are summarily portrayed.

Interpretation
--------------

Pittoni initially sketched the general composition quickly and lightly, then elaborated the contours of the male figures with much greater hand pressure to give the tonal emphasis.
It is a work with the typical Rococo sensitivity of Pittoni, in which the composition seems to have been made for a painting, and seems to be closely related to the work of a sketch present in the Correr Civic Museum of Venice (inv. 4338) and in the Foundation Cini of Venice (inv. 30,252). The back of the work contains some accidental scribbles in black and red chalk (an upward motif seems to represent architectural forms), which do not seem to be the artist's. The annotation of the back in black plaster "79" is of an 18th century hand, while the annotation of the graphite verso "14 [?]. 39.8 / 1" is of a modern hand. (Carmen C. Bambach, 2005).

Bibliography
------------

* F. Zava Boccazzi, Pittoni, Venezia 1979

Other websites
--------------

* Giovanni Battista Pittoni «Susanna and the Elders» (recto); Architectural design and other scribbles (verso), metmuseum.org
**Sami Yousafzai** (Pashto: سمی یوسفزی) is an Afghan Journalist and War Reporter in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Background
----------

Abdul Sami Yousafzai was born in Afghanistan in 1972 to a Yusufzai Pashtun family, as a boy he along with his family became refugees of the Soviet-Afghan War after 1979 and they had to leave their hometown. He grew up alongside millions more Afghan Refugee Children in the city of Peshawar, Pakistan.

Career
------

In 1993 he studied Journalism at Dawa'a al-Jihad University set up at an Afghan Refugee camp by Afghan Mujahideen Fighter Abdul Rasul Sayyaf. He initially started as a sports journalist but switched to begin a career in war reporting in 1997. He covered militancy politics for Newsweek Magazine and the Daily Beast News Publication as well as a producer for CBS News since 2005. Throughout his career he has met with Taliban Officials in Afghanistan as well as the President of Afghanistan, Hamid Karzai in 2013. He also met with the Taliban delegation in 2019 at Moscow, Russia including Salam Hanafi, who would become Deputy Prime Minister of Afghanistan.

Journalist Attack
-----------------

In 2008, a Taliban Commander invited him and a Japanese Journalist friend of his, *Motoki Yodsukura* for an interview in the outskirts of Peshawar, where instead a gunman opened fired on him with two shots. He sustained one shot in the hand and the other by his chest, skimming past his heart and was lodged in his left arm.
Sadhu Sundar Singh with Archbishop Nathan Söderblom, during his stay in Sweden
**Sadhu Sundar Singh** (Punjabi: ਸਾਧੂ ਸੁੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ (Gurmukhi)**;** سادھو سندر سنگھ‎  (Shahmukhi); born 3 September 1889) was an Indian Christian missionary. He is believed to have died in the foothills of the Himalayas in 1929.

Early life
----------

Born a Sikh in the Punjab state of India, Sundar Singh attended a Christian School. He was also influenced by Hindu and Sikh holy men. At age 14 his mother died and he rebelled against religion. He wanted to commit suicide, but prayed that God would come and stop him. That night, he believed that Jesus appeared to him. He became a Christian missionary. His family opposed this, but at age 16 he was baptized.

Missionary travels
------------------

Taking the title Sadhu, Sundar began to travel within India and Kashmir. He also went to Afganistan and Tibet. He believed that western influences had corrupted Christian belief and practice. He studied at an Anglican college for a short time. He left because the priest tried to get him to dress like a European and adopt other British customs. His travels are believed to have resulted in many conversions. He kept no records so exact information is not available. It is also told that he did miracles through the power of Jesus.

Later Sundar Singh traveled in many countries including Europe and North America. He was made sad by the materialism of those countries, and returned to India to continue his work. While on a final trip to Tibet, he is assumed to have died, but no details are known.
Anarcho-capitalists stand out from other anarchist ideologies because they are not anti-capitalist. Anarchists oppose capitalism for its centralist, undemocratic and exploitative structure. The state laid the foundation for capitalism by enabling private property through the enclosure acts, beginning in the 1600s.
An **oxymoron** is a term for a figure of speech. It is made up of two or more words that seem to be opposite to each other, or actually are opposite.

For example, the phrases "Wise fool", "Warm freezer", "Legal murder", and "Anarcho-capitalism" all have two words. In each one, the one word looks like the opposite of the other word.

You can have words that look opposite, but are right. For example, a "warm freezer" could be right. A freezer could be warm if it was turned off or left open.

The word oxymoron is an oxymoron; 'oxy' comes from the Greek word that means 'sharp', while 'moron' comes from the Greek word that means 'dull'.

Words that really are opposite to each other, would be words that just cannot be put together. For example, a "round square" could not happen because squares are not round.

Oxymorons sometimes appear in jokes. Sometimes, the joke is just to say that a pair of words are an oxymoron. For example, a joke that says that "glutted peasant" is an oxymoron. This means that peasants are usually hungry, if the word 'peasant' is opposite to 'glutted'

Related pages
-------------

* Anarcho-capitalism
* Paradox
* Trope
**Mahendra Singh Dhoni**, commonly known as **MS Dhoni** and **Mahi**, is an Indian cricketer player and was a former captain of the Indian cricket team. Dhoni is a right-handed batsman. 

The Indian cricket team won the 2011 Cricket World Cup under his captainship. Some of his Test cricket and One Day International records are the best of all Indian captains to date. He took over the ODI captaincy from Abhi Jith in 2007 and led the team to its first ever inter-country ODI series wins in Sri Lanka and New Zealand. Dhoni also holds the post of Vice-President of India Cements Ltd. after resigning from Air India. India Cements is the owner of the Indian Premier League team Chennai Super Kings, and Dhoni has been its captain since the first edition of IPL.

Playing style
-------------

MS Dhoni was a right-handed batsman and also played the role of a wicket-keeper. He mostly played shots in the goo s, that is, shifting his body weight on the right leg. He has his own famous cricket shot, called the "Helicopter shot".

Awards
------

The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind presenting the Padma Bhushan Award to Shri M.S. Dhoni on Monday, 2 April 2018
Dhoni was given many awards, such as the ICC ODI Player of the Year award in 2008 and 2009 (the first Indian player to achieve this), the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 2007 and the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian honour, in 2009. In 2018, he received Padma Bhushan, India's third-highest civilian award.

Personal life
-------------

He married **Sakshi Singh Rawat** on 4 July 2010. On 6 February 2015, the couple gave birth to a daughter named **Ziva Dhoni**. He retired from international cricket in 2020.

Dhoni likes to drive different vehicles, he has many kind of bikes and cars in his collection.

Other websites
--------------

* MS Dhoni from Cricbuzz
* MS Dhoni from ESPNcricinfo
**Pure Pwnage** is an Internet video series. It is about a man named Jeremy who spends his days playing video games and making fun of other people, or as he calls them, "n00bs". The first season of the show had 12 episodes. The people who make the show are planning to make at least two more seasons and maybe a full length movie. The first season ends with a cliffhanger that leads into the second season. The second season is expected to be put online in 2007.

History
-------

The show started when two friends got together and made a short video of the main character talking about video games. Inspired by the cultural phenomenon that online video gaming has become, and the series creators' personal online experiences; the series actually spawned from a project for film school. After they uploaded the video onto the Internet, it got downloaded a few thousand times, so they made *Episode 1: Life of a Pro Gamer*. The character 'Jeremy'(Played by Jarett Cale), also known as 'teh\_pwnerer', was designed to comically represent, and almost stereotype, online gamers around the world. This concept was based loosely around the idea of a person who had grown up doing nothing but online gaming; whose entire vocabulary and social mannerisms were molded solely by internet interactions. As such, the episode was supposed to be a mockumentary of sorts, as Jeremy is followed and filmed by younger brother 'Kyle'(Geoff Lapaire) (Played depicting "A day in the life of a ProGamer". After this became very popular, they made episodes 2 and 3. When episode 4 was downloaded roughly 3000 times, they decided that they should pursue this full-time. Throughout the series, the characters make use of many expressions in videogame terminology, including "noob", "uber-micro" and of course "pwnage".

The series has introduced several other recurring characters, such as:

* "FPS\_Doug" -- Jeremy's illtempered rival (and sociopath), played by Joel Gardiner;
* "Dave" -- Jeremy's close friend and local 'ProCook', played by Dave Lee
* "Tagi" -- Jeremy's World of Warcraft addicted love interest, played by Miranda Plant
* "TBag" -- the heavily sponsored Halo 3 player,
* and "Teh\_Masterer" -- Jeremy's ninja-clad mentor, Played by Geoff Lapaire - Voiced by Fr.William Craig
* as well as an assortment of villains.

The series has also adopted a dynamic storyline in favour of its original, pseudo-casual style of interviews. Despite the additional casting and switch towards plot driven episodes, the series remains true to its satirical view of current trends in the gaming industry and the greater online community. The series has quickly developed a large fan base, spanning across multiple continents, and only continues in its success as its 2nd season comes to a close.

Other websites
--------------

* Official site
* Jeremy’s MySpace page
* Pure Podcast Archived 2006-11-26 at the Wayback Machine
* Pure Pwnage Quotes on Wikiquote
* Pure Pwnage Interview on the ABC2 Show Good Game
**Playfire** was a website for video game players to help gaming networking. Playfire helped users to track their in-game awards, achievements and gameplay. Kieran O'Neill, Sophia Hayes & Ben Phillips opened the company in December 2007. Playfire was the first website to release a PlayStation gamercard. It attracted a big number of gamers. The site brought in an automatic tracking of Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and PC gameplay in March 2011.

Investment
----------

Playfire got £1.3m in funding from investors such as Niklas Zennström (the founder of Skype), Michael Birch (the founder of Bebo), Chris Deering (the former Chairman of SCE), William Reeve (the founder of LOVEFiLM) and others.

History
-------

The idea for Playfire came from watching the gamers adding information about themselves such as their PSN ID, recently played games, and other things in their signatures under every forum post.

In September 2011 Playfire united with GameSpot to bring Playfire users profile to GameSpot through an API collaboration.

On 9 July 2012 Playfire was bought by Green Man Gaming.

At the end of 2013, Green Man Gaming said that Playfire service was able to track in-game achievements/trophies and gameplay on Xbox One and PlayStation 4.

In January 2014, Playfire started its Rewards BETA. the Rewards BETA motivated users to link their Steam account to their Playfire account in order to earn Green Man Gaming store Credit. Available Rewards are listed daily on the Playfire Rewards. Page and by May 2014, over one million Rewards had been given out to BETA participants

Playfire was the sponsor of the Most Played Game Award at the 32nd Golden Joystick Awards, and sponsored the Gamers' Choice Award at the Games Media Awards 2014 in October 2014.

In blog post on 7 November 2016, Green Man Gaming said that Playfire is closing. It will be united with their new "Community" site that GMG made on the Muut platform. Later, on 5 May 2017 Green Man Gaming said that it is coming to a close this year. As of 30 May 2017 Playfire was united with GMG Community with its website playfire.com. Now it is redirecting to greenmangaming.com/playfire.
The **Italian railway system** has a total length of 24,227 km (15,054 mi) of which active lines are 16,723 km. The network has recently grown with the construction of the new high-speed rail network. Italy is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Italy is 83.

The network
-----------

Map of Italian main rail network
*Rete Ferroviaria Italiana*, Italian Rail Network, is the state owned infrastructure manager. The Italian railway system has a length of 19,394 km (12,051 mi), of which 18,071 km (11,229 mi) are standard gauge. The active lines are 16,723 km (10,391 mi), of which 7,505 km (4,663 mi) are double tracks. Italy has 2,507 people and 12.46 km2 per kilometer of rail track, giving Italy the world's 13th largest rail network.

Lines are divided into 3 categories: 

* *fundamental lines* , which have high traffic and good infrastructure quality. These are the main lines between major cities throughout the country. Fundamental lines are 6,131 km (3,810 mi) long;
* *complementary lines* , which have less traffic and are responsible for connecting medium or small regional centers. Most of these lines are single track and some are not electrified;
* *node lines* , which link complementary and fundamental lines near metropolitan areas for a total 936 km (582 mi).

Most of the Italian network is electrified (11,921 km (7,407 mi)). Electric system is 3 kV DC on conventional lines and 25 kV AC on high-speed lines.

A major part of the Italian rail network is managed and operated by *Rete Ferroviaria Italiana*. Other regional agencies, mostly owned by public entities such as regional governments, operate on the Italian network.

Travellers who often make use of the railway during their stay in Italy might use Rail Passes, such as the European Interrail or Italy's national and regional passes. These rail passes allow travellers to use regional trains without paying during the validity period, but all high-speed and intercity trains require a 10-euro reservation fee. Regional passes, such as "Io viaggio ovunque Lombardia", offer one-day, multiple-day and monthly period of validity. There are also saver passes for adults, who travel as a group, with savings up to 20%. Foreign travellers should purchase these passes in advance, so that the passes can be delivered by post prior to the trip. When using the rail passes, the date of travel needs to be filled in before boarding the trains.

Marked in red, Ferrovie Emilia Romagna's railroad network
The **Royal Palace** (Norwegian: *Slottet*, Norwegian: *Det kongelige slott* or Norwegian: *Det kongelige slottet*) in Oslo, Norway is the official home of the present Norwegian monarch. It was built in the early 19th century as the Norwegian home of King Charles III. He was King of Sweden as well as Norway. The palace has 173 rooms.

History
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Before the Royal Palace was built, Norwegian royalty lived in *Paleet*. It was a very nice town house in Christiania. Paleet was given to the government of Norway by a rich merchant named Bernt Anker in 1805. During the last years of the union with Denmark, it was used by the viceroys of Norway. In 1814, the first king of independent Norway, Christian Frederick used it as his home. 

King Charles III John picked the site for the Royal Palace on the western side of Christiania in 1821. He had the inexperienced Dutch-born architect Linstow design the building. The Parliament approved the cost of 150 000 Speciedaler. Work on the site started in 1824. On 1 October 1825, the king laid down the foundation stone beneath the altar of the future Royal chapel. 

The cost of the foundation works caused the building to cost more than expected. They had to stop construction in 1827. It was started again in 1833. During this time, the Storting would not approve more money for the construction. They did this because they did not like that the king was trying to create closer ties between Norway and Sweden. In 1833, Linstow changed his plans to reduce the cost. Improved relations with the king made the Storting approve the money to finish the construction. The roof was put on in 1836. The inside of the building was finished during the late 1840s. King Charles John, who died in 1844, never lived in his palace. The first people to live in the palace were his son Oscar I and his queen Josephine.

Images
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* The Royal Palace in Oslo from the parkThe Royal Palace in Oslo from the park
* Royal Guardsman in front of the Royal PalaceRoyal Guardsman in front of the Royal Palace
* The Royal Palace at nightThe Royal Palace at night

Other websites
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 Media related to Royal Palace, Oslo at Wikimedia Commons

* The Royal Palace (Official website of The Royal Norwegian Family)

59°55′0.88″N 10°43′39.24″E﻿ / ﻿59.9169111°N 10.7275667°E﻿ / 59.9169111; 10.7275667
**Navarra Television** is a channel of the regional television of Navarra, which broadcasts general content but especially news from the Foral de Navarra.

It was founded after the merger of two autonomous Digital Terrestrial Television channels in the area of the Autonomous Community of Navarra .

Establishment
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It began its regular broadcasts on May 14, 2012 on DTT. Its programming has information as one of its basic axes, not only at regional level, but also at national and international level.

This channel was born after the merger of Canal 6 Navarra and Popular Television, in the search of a regional channel after the end of the also a private channel Canal 4 Navarra.

Finance
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Thanks to this merger, they have access to all the money offered by the Government of Navarra as aid for regional television channels that broadcast in its territory. This change was announced just a few weeks before the merger. In this new stage, content worthy of a regional channel and information in Basque will be promoted thanks to a team made up of professionals from Canal 6 Navarra, Canal 4 Navarra and Popular TV Navarra. Said change becomes effective at 2:00 p.m. on Monday, May 14, 2012, when the logo of Canal 6 Navarra disappears for that of the new Navarra Television.

On January 20, 2021, they got a large grant of 1.3 million euros from the Government of Navarra.

Channels
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Since its launch, Navarra Television broadcasts through two channels:

### Navarre Television 1

It broadcasts in high definition.

Its programming is similar for the entire Community. It is based on current news, on entertainment magazines of its own production, etc.

Its programs are:

* News every day from 2:30 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. and 8:30 p.m. to 9:00 p.m.
* Discount time with Gonzalo Velasco, all the sports news of the community with special attention to Osasuna.
* Navarra in Open Wednesday 22 h. Program directed by Roberto Cámara, time for the debate of the most important issues of recent days in the Foral Community.
* La Muga, presented by Amaia Madinabeitia, a magazine focused on current affairs.

### Navarre Television 2

This is broadcast in Spanish and Basque. Emission of plenary sessions and commissions of the Parliament of Navarra, Senate and Congress of Deputies. Programming in Basque: "Mugi Zaitez" with Íñigo Ciganda, stories of entrepreneurs in Navarra and all the job offers in the Autonomous Community and "Nafarroako Albisteak" with Oihane Garzáron, the latest news of the week on Saturday at 2:00 p.m.

Navarra Television Awards
-------------------------

Since 2016, Navarra Television has also handed out awards that bear its name. It aims to recognize the work of outstanding people in the Navarre Foral Community.

Other websites
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* Navarra Television website
**Kyiv-Pasazhyrskyi** (*Kyiv-Passenger*, Ukrainian: Київ-Пасажирський) is a railway station in the capital of Ukraine, Kyiv. The station is a railway hub with several railroad station buildings, along with its own repair facilities the Kyiv Electric Railcar Repair Shop, a railway depot with railyard, and the railway sports complex. The station is part of the so-called Kyiv Southern Railway loop.

There were more than 170,000 passengers per day in 2005). The Central and Southern (Pivdennyi) Station buildings are located on both sides of the tracks used by long-distance trains, connected with an overpass. They serve international trains, most Ukrzaliznytsia passenger trains, some suburban trains, and the Kyiv Boryspil Express to the Boryspil International Airport. Nrext to the Central building is the Suburban (Prymiskyi) station building which serves short-distance service for suburbs (including dacha areas), minor city stations, and nearby regions as well as the Kyivpastrans' urban rail passing through the Northern (Pivnichna) railway stop.

The Kyiv Metro station *Vokzalna* of the Sviatoshynsko-Brovarska Line is the station's main intersection with city transport. The Kyiv tram station Starovokzalna (the terminal of Kyiv's Right-Bank high-speed tram line) is also adjacent via a passageway.
**Bucharest North railway station** is the main railway station in Bucharest and the largest railway station in Romania. The vast majority of mainline trains to and from Bucharest start there.

History
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The original North railway station was built between 1868—1872. The foundation stone was placed on 10 September 1868 in the presence of King Carol I of Romania. The building was designed as a U-shaped structure. The first railways between Roman – Galați – Bucharest – Pitești started on 13 September 1872. Between 1895—1896 a new wing of the station was built, which included a "Royal Hall", in anticipation of the visit of Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary.

Non-stop information and coordination point in Bucharest North Railway Station designed to provide aid to arriving Ukrainian refugees during Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022The station and its surroundings were heavily bombed by the Allies in April 1944 during a campaign aimed at Axis supply lines. During the Communist era the station was electrified

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, from 27 February 2022 onwards, the station served as a coordination point for Ukrainian refugees. On the first day, almost 100 Ukrainian refugees arrived on five trains owned by Romanian state operator CFR Călători; the trains came from Iași and Suceava, in northeast Romania. At midnight on 4 March 2022, approximately 1,000 refugees arrived from Iași and were later accommodated at Romexpo.

Current status
--------------

There are 14 tracks and 8 platforms.
**Dresdner Bank AG** was one of Germany's largest banking corporations and was based in Frankfurt. It was formed in 1872, and bought by competitor Commerzbank in December 2009.

History
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Dresdner Bank was established in 1872. It moved its headquarters to Berlin in 1884, although its registered office stayed in Dresden until 1950. 

By 1900, Dresdner Bank had the largest German branch network. During the First World War, the London branch was forced to close; however, the overall branch network expanded.

After the banking crisis in 1931 the Weimar Republic owned 66% Dresdner Bank shares. Its deputy director was Dr Schacht, Minister of Economy under Nazism. The Bank was reprivatised in 1937. 

During World War II, Dresdner Bank controlled various banks in countries under German occupation. 

The introduction of the Deutsche Mark in 1948 helped return banking to normality.

Dresdner Bank expanded its network with acquisition and opening new offices not only in Europe but also in the United States, Singapore, Canada, Australia, Japan, Hong Kong, and China. Dresdner Bank was the first to open its own office in former East Germany in Dresden in 2 January 1990. 

In 2002 Dresdner Bank became a wholly owned subsidiary of the insurance corporation Allianz. Allianz sold Dresdner Bank, which was legally merged with Commerzbank on 11 May 2009 and ceased to be an independent company.

Controversies
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### Hitler's Germany

Dresdner Bank was known as the bank of choice for Heinrich Himmler's SS.

The bank took part early on in the Third Reich's policy of confiscating Jewish property and wealth. The bank helped to finance concentration camps, including Auschwitz.

The bank was closely involved in the occupation of Europe, "essentially acting as the bank of the SS in Poland".

### Matthias Warnig's involvement

Dresdner Bank attempted to get a banking operating licence in Saint Petersburg, where former KGB agent Vladimir Putin was in charge of foreign economic relations. Dresdner Bank appointed Matthias Warnig, a former Stasi agent and Vladimir Putin's former KGB contact [*source?*], to negotiate with Putin. The office was opened in 1991. Warnig became Chairman of the Board of Directors of Dresdner Bank ZAO, Dresdner Bank Russian subsidiary.

The bank has had a lucrative business relationship with Gazprom and the state oil company Rosneft. The bank was also involved in the controversial [*source?*] forced sale of Yukos assets.
Emblem for national monument introduced in 2014
A **rijksmonument** (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɛiksmoːnyˌmɛnt], lit. 'state monument') is a national heritage site of the Netherlands, listed by the agency Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed acting for the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.

At the end of February 2015, the Netherlands had 61,822 listed national heritage sites. About 1,500 of them are archaeological sites.

History and criteria
--------------------

Many windmills are listed as rijksmonuments, such as De Schoolmeester, Westzaan
Witte Huis, in Rotterdam
Until 2012, a place had to be over 50 years old to be eligible. The law governing the monuments is the *Monumentenwet van 1988* ("Monument Law of 1988").

The organization responsible for caring for the monuments, which used to be called *Monumentenzorg*, is now called Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed. In June 2009, the Court of The Hague decided that individual purchasers of buildings that were listed as rijksmonuments would be exempt from paying transfer tax, effective from 1 May 2009. Previously this exemption had only applied to legal entities.

Some examples
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Many Dutch tourist attractions are rijksmonuments, such as castles or windmills. Some notable windmills are De Schoolmeester, Westzaan, a smock mill in North Holland, the only wind powered paper mill in the world, listed as rijksmonument number 40013; De Wieker Meule, De Wijk, in Drenthe province, built in 1829 and restored to working order, listed as rijksmonument number 39657; and Mellemolen, a hollow post mill in Friesland, also restored to working order, listed as rijksmonument number 35937. Among the rijksmonuments are also many churches. Most rijksmonuments are residential buildings, such as houses and villas.