recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Shizenkan University** (大学院大学至善館, *Daigakuin daigaku shizenkan*), commonly referred to as Shizenkan, is a graduate school. It offers an MBA Program in Master of Business Administration in Design and Leadership for Societal Innovation. Shizenkan was established in 2017 in Nihonbashi, Tokyo Japan. Shizenkan University, Graduate School of Leadership and Innovation, opened in Tokyo in August 2018. The master's degree is accredited by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan.

Shizenkan has 58 faculty members from equally diverse backgrounds, including business and design schools, the liberal arts, psychology and coaching. There are 14 full-time and 44 visiting professors.

The name of the school, Shizenkan (至善館), derives from the Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism (四書五経): Shi (至) means ultimate; Zen (善) means goodness, and Kan (館) means school.

Logo
----

The logo was designed by Go HOSOKAWA. The black square indicates Western rationalism. The black ambiguous shape indicates Asian spirituality. It symbolizes the bridge for these two ways of understanding the world.

History
-------

Shizenkan was founded based on the foundation of ISL (Institute for Strategic Leadership), the "whole-person" leadership educational institution, established in Tokyo, 2001. ISL has an all-inclusive executive leadership training program for corporate executives.

Campus features
---------------

### Programs

Shizenkan University offers a part-time two-year MBA program, with classes taking place twice per week on evenings and weekends. 

### Enrollment

The first intake was 80 students. Half the students will complete the program in English, and the other half basically in Japanese. Most courses are offered in both languages.

Other websites
--------------

* Shizenkan University Homepage
**Jesus and the woman caught in adultery** is a story from the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is in John 7:53–8:11.

In the story, Jesus was teaching in the Second Temple after coming from the Mount of Olives. A group of scribes (record keepers) and Pharisees (Jewish teachers) interrupt Jesus and speak to him. These people do not like Jesus, so they want to trick him into saying something wrong. They bring in a woman and say she was caught in adultery: having sex with a man while married to another man. They say that for punishment, she should be killed by stoning, according to the law of Moses. They ask Jesus for his answer. He starts to write something on the ground with his finger, but when they ask him again, he answers. He says that a person who has never sinned (done something bad) should throw the first stone. The scribes and Pharisees know that they have all sinned, so they leave. Jesus asks the woman if anyone has condemned her, and she answers no. Jesus says that he, also, does not condemn her. He tells her to go and sin no more.

The passage
-----------

John 7:53–8:11 in the New Revised Standard Version:

> 
> 53 Then each of them went home, 8:1 while Jesus went to the Mount of Olives. 2Early in the morning he came again to the temple. All the people came to him and he sat down and began to teach them. 3The scribes and the Pharisees brought a woman who had been caught in adultery; and making her stand before all of them, 4they said to him, "Teacher, this woman was caught in the very act of committing adultery. 5Now in the law Moses commanded us to stone such women. Now what do you say?" 6They said this to test him, so that they might have some charge to bring against him. Jesus bent down and wrote with his finger on the ground. 7When they kept on questioning him, he straightened up and said to them, "Let anyone among you who is without sin be the first to throw a stone at her." 8And once again he bent down and wrote on the ground. 9When they heard it, they went away, one by one, beginning with the elders; and Jesus was left alone with the woman standing before him. 10Jesus straightened up and said to her, "Woman, where are they? Has no one condemned you?" 11She said, "No one, sir." And Jesus said, "Neither do I condemn you. Go your way, and from now on do not sin again."
> 
> — John 7:53–8:11, NRSV

Meaning
-------

The ideas in this story are important in Christian thought. There is a message of mercy and forgiveness, and a call for holy living, without sin. The phrases "go and sin no more" and to "cast the first stone" are in common use.

History of the passage
----------------------

Most scholars agree that this story was not in the earliest versions of the Gospel of John. It was added later. Scholars learned this by reading these early versions, or manuscripts.
**Sara G. Innamorato** (born April 1986, Ross Township, Pennsylvania) is an American politician. In 2018, Innamorato was elected into the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. From January 2019 on she was the Representative from the House of Representatives' 21st district. She is a member of the United States' Democratic Party

Career
------

Before starting politics, Innamorato began Innamo Company (a privately held and marketing company that has focus on "social good"). She then co-founded She Runs SWPA. That organization was not connected with any political party. She Runs SWPA wants women and girls to run for any office related to politics and federal government.

### Elections

2018
Innamorato was a member of the United States' Democratic Socialists of America. She won the Democratic Party's nomination. She defeated the incumbent Don Costa in the 2018 primary election while having just over 64% of the vote.

Innamorato was unopposed in the 2018 general election. She later said: "My district, which I know is like white working class, poor folk, who are racist, because it’s so much easier for them to look to their side and say, ‘I’m going to blame that person.'" The Costa campaign head Gary Britcher then said that Innamorato had called the district "racist". Innamorato's point was that white working class voters "are being exploited from all sides" by economic and political elites who play on racial tensions to distract them from issues of economic injustice. "Racism exists everywhere," she said. "My job is to represent everyone, and to not shy away from tough conversations."

Innamorato got almost 85% of the vote in the general election.

2020
Innamorato's opponent was Stephen Zappala III for the Democratic Party nomination. He is the son of the Allegheny County District Attorney. He quietly withdrew his campaign the next month. Innamorato was unopposed on the ballot for the Democratic Party nomination.
The **Schleicher ASK 21** is a two-seat glider produced by Alexander Schleicher GmbH & Co.

The glider is made out of glass-reinforced plastic. It's designed for beginners.

But it's also used for aerobatics and cross-country flying.

Design
------

The ASK 21 is designed by Rudolf Kaiser. He made it to replace the old ASK 13. It's still in production to this day.

Something interesting is the T-shape tail that the glider has. Around a 1000 units where build. 

It is the first glass-reinforced plastic glider made by Schleicher. It first flew in February of 1979.

In 2018 a new glider got introduced, the Schleicher ASK 21B.

Variants
--------

ASK 21
Original glider
ASK 21 Mi
Self-launching glider
Vanguard TX.1
The ASK-21 acquired by the UK Ministry of Defence for use by the Air Cadet organisations.
### ASK 21B

Improved version of the original ASK 21. New features: automatic control connections, internal spin ballast, revised canopy, more effective ailerons.

Specifications (ASK 21)
-----------------------

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** 2
* **Length:** 8.35 m (27 ft 5 in)
* **Wingspan:** 17 m (55 ft 9 in)
* **Height:** 1.55 m (5 ft 1 in)
* **Wing area:** 17.95 m2 (193.2 sq ft)
* **Aspect ratio:** 16:1
* **Airfoil:** FX S02-196 / FX 60-126
* **Empty weight:** 360 kg (794 lb)
* **Max takeoff weight:** 600 kg (1,323 lb)

**Performance**

* **Stall speed:** 65 km/h (40 mph, 35 kn)
* **Never exceed speed:** 280 km/h (170 mph, 150 kn) in smooth air

* 200 km/h (110 kn) in rough air
* 180 km/h (97 kn) on aero-tow
* 150 km/h (81 kn) on winch launch

* **g limits:** +6.5 -4 at 180 km/h (97 kn)
* **Maximum glide ratio:** 34 at 90 km/h (49 kn)
* **Rate of sink:** 0.64 m/s (126 ft/min) at 67 km/h (36 kn)
* **Wing loading:** 33.4 kg/m2 (6.8 lb/sq ft)
**Levi Coffin** (October 28, 1798 – September 16, 1877) was an American Quaker, Republican, abolitionist, farmer, businessman and humanitarian. He was very active in the Underground Railroad. The Underground Railroad was a network that helped slaves escape. As he was an active leader of that organization is Indiana and Ohio. some people called him "President of the Underground Railroad". They estimated that three thosand fugitive slaves passed through his care. The Coffin home in Fountain City, Wayne County, Indiana is a museum today. At times, it was called d the Underground Railroad's "Grand Central Station".

  

Coffin was born near what became Greensboro, North Carolina. Even when he was a child, Coffin came to see what slavery looked like, and he soon came to oppose it. His family emigrated to Indiana in 1826. Slaveholders were persecuting Quakers more and more. Because of their beliefs, Quakers did not own slaves. Instead, many helped slaves escape. 

In Indiana, Coffin settled near the National Road with other Quakers in Wayne County, Indiana, near the Ohio border. He farmed, and became a local merchant and business leader. Coffin grew wealthy from his various businesses assisting neighbors and travelers in the important transit corridor. Coffin became a major investor in and director of the local Richmond branch of the Second State Bank of Indiana in the 1830s. At that time, Richmond was the Wayne County seat. His financial position and standing in the community also helped supply food, clothing and transportation for Underground Railroad operations in the region.

His friends in the anti-slavery movement urged Coffin to move south. In 18476, he moved to the city of Cincinnati, which was an important port on the Ohio River. There he ran a warehouse, that sold only free-labour goods. Coffin abandoned the idea after a decade, because the business was not profitable. Despite this, he was able to help hundreds of slaves, between 1847 and 1857. He lodged them in his Ohio home, which was across the river from Kentucky, and not far from Virginia. Both Kentucky and Virginia were slave states, until slavery was abolished after the American Civil War. 

In the last years of his life, Coffin traveled around the Midwest, as well as overseas to France and Great Britain, where he helped form aid societies to provide food, clothing, funds and education to former slaves. Coffin retired from public life in the 1870s, and wrote an autobiography, *Reminiscences of Levi Coffin*, published in 1876, a year before his death.
The **Wicked Witch of the West** is a fictional character from the *Oz* series. She is mainly known for being the main antagonist (villain) of *The Wonderful Wizard of Oz* and its adaptations, most notably *The Wizard of Oz* 1939 film.

Story
-----

In the books, the Wicked Witch of the West is one of the four main witches in the first *Oz* book. She is the ruler of the Winkie Country and lives in a palace. The Wicked Witch also has one eye, which works like a telescope.

The Wicked Witch of the West is mentioned throughout the book but only makes her first appearance close to the end. The main characters, Dorothy, Tin Man, Scarecrow and the Lion are sent by the Wizard of Oz to kill the Witch.

The Wicked Witch sends wolves, crows and bees to kill the heroes but each fails. Her servants are too scared so she summons the Winged Monkeys to capture them. The Wicked Witch finds out that she cannot kill Dorothy so she enslaves her. The Wicked Witch also develops an obsession with the magical silver slippers that Dorothy is wearing.

The Witch manages to get hold of one slipper, making Dorothy angry. Dorothy throws a bucket of water at the Wicked Witch, causing her to melt.

Other major appearances
-----------------------

### 1939 film

Margaret Hamilton as the Wicked Witch of the West 
In the 1939 film, the Wicked Witch is portrayed by Margaret Hamilton. The Witch is given a black dress, a black pointed hat, green skin and a broomstick. This portrayal of witches has become very popular ever since the film has been released.

In this film, the Wicked Witch's sister is the Wicked Witch of the East (their relationship was never explored in the book). She also appears many times in the movie. The character ranks #4 in the American Film Institute's list of "50 Best Villains".

### *Wicked* musical

The Wicked Witch's backstory is the main focus of the musical *Wicked*. In this story, she is named **Elphaba**. A film version of the musical is going to be made with Cynthia Erivo as the Wicked Witch.

Sources
-------

1. ↑  Zimmermann, Denise; Gleason, Katherine A. *The Complete Idiot's Guide to Wicca and Witchcraft*, 2nd Edition, Alpha, 2003. p.7. ISBN 1-59257-111-5
2. ↑  "AFI's 100 Years ...100 Heroes & Villains".
Philip Lord Chesterfield
**Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield** PC KG (22 September 1694 – 24 March 1773) was a British statesman and intellectual.

Stanhope was born in London. He got his schooling at Trinity Hall, Cambridge. After that, he went on the Grand Tour of the continent. He became gentleman of the bedchamber to the Prince of Wales.

Career in government
--------------------

In 1715, he entered the House of Commons as Lord Stanhope of Shelford and member for St Germans. He left for Paris and sent the government valuable information about the Jacobite plot. In 1716, he returned to Britain and sat in the House of Commons. He liked to take part in the debates. 

He took his seat in the House of Lords. In 1728, he was sent to the Hague as ambassador. He did a good job, and got the Order of the Garter in 1730, and the position of Lord Steward. After he did not support Walpole's Excise Bill, he was dismissed from his stewardship. He spent years opposing the ruling party in the House of Lords. First against Robert Walpole and then against King George II of England. In 1744, the "Broad Bottom" party, led by Chesterfield and Pitt, came into office. They ruled together with the Pelhams. 

He was then sent to the Hague as ambassador a second time. The object of his mission was to persuade the Dutch to join in the War of the Austrian Succession. His mission was successful. When he got back to London, he was made Lord-Lieutenancy of Ireland. This was a position he wanted for a long time.

He took the his role seriously. He established schools and manufacturing in Ireland. In politics, he found a way to work with both Protestant and Roman Catholic parties. 

He also still took his seat in the Upper House. In 1751, he helped in making the Gregorian calendar a fact. That Act of Parliament is sometimes known as Chesterfield's Act. After he slowly became deaf, he had to stop his work in the parliament. 

He lived for some years at the Ranger's House, Chesterfield Walk, Greenwich, London.

How he is remembered
--------------------

In politics, he is best known for the time he was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. As a writer, he is best known for his *Letters to his Son*. Those letters were not really written to be read by the general public. His widow Eugenia Stanhope first published them in 1774. *Letters to his Godson* was published in 1890. Both sets of letters are written with great style and knowledge. 

Chesterfield County, Virginia and Chesterfield County, South Carolina in the United States were named in his honour. He also plays a role in the 1757-1758 novel *The Virginians* by William Makepeace Thackery.

Things he has probably said: 

"An able man shows his spirit by gentle words and resolute actions."
"I recommend you to take care of the minutes, for the hours will take care of themselves."

Other websites
--------------


Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: ***Philip Stanhope***

* Works by Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield at Project Gutenberg
* Scans of Stanhope's *Letters to his son*, 1774–1775 edition, Vol. 1, Vol. 2
* Guide to the Chesterfield Manuscripts at the Lilly Library, Indiana University
**Susan Greenfield, Baroness Greenfield**, (born Hammersmith, London, 1 October 1950) is a British scientist, writer and broadcaster. She specializes in studying how the human brain works and has done a lot of research into diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease which are common in older people. She has written several books and appeared frequently on radio and television. She is very good at explaining what she does to the wide public, using words that ordinary people (non-scientists) can understand. In 1994 she gave the series of Christmas lectures on television for young children.

Life and work
-------------

Susan Greenfield was born in Hammersmith, West London. Her parents were of Russian and Austrian origin. She studied at the University of Oxford and also got a doctorate degree from the College de France in Paris. She is Professor of Pharmacology at the University of Oxford and fellow of Lincoln College. She is the head of a group of 18 scientists who study degenerative brain diseases. Until recently she was director of the Royal Institution.

Susan Greenfield is very well known to the wider public through the books she has written and the lectures she has given on radio and on television. In 1994, she was the first woman to give the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures which were sponsored at that time by the BBC. She called those lectures "Journey to the centre of the brain".

Greenfield frequently lectures about the future of the brain and, in particular, the effect that computers are having in the way we think. She says that computer could be very useful for old people because it keeps their minds active. On the other hand she is worried that young people are using computers too much. Although activities such as video games are good for developing certain skills (such as quick reactions), there are many other skills that we need in life (such as the ability to communicate with people and understand other people’s emotions) that they do not teach us.

Political
---------

Baroness Greenfield sits in the United Kingdom Parliament in the House of Lords as a crossbencher. She does not belong to any particular party.

Awards and Honours
------------------

She has been given many awards, including the CBE for helping the public to understand science. a Chevalier Légion d'Honneur by the French Government. She has been given several honorary degrees and in June 2001, she was made a Life peer, as **Baroness Greenfield**, of Ot Moor in the County of Oxfordshire.

Personal life
-------------

Greenfield was married to an Oxford University Professor of Physical Chemistry, Peter Atkins; they divorced in 2005.

Other websites
--------------

 Archived 2009-03-01 at the Wayback Machine
**Knowledge** means the things which are true, as opposed to opinion. Information which is correct is knowledge. Knowledge can always be supported by evidence. If a statement is not supported by evidence, then it is not knowledge. The evidence makes it justified.

Knowledge can refer to a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. This was the point of Ryle's distinction between "knowing that" and "knowing how". It can be implicit (as with practical skill or expertise) or explicit (as with the theoretical understanding of a subject); it can be more or less formal or systematic. In philosophy, the study of knowledge is called epistemology. The philosopher Plato defined knowledge as "justified true belief". This definition is the subject of the Gettier problems. 

All knowledge is a claim to be true, but the claim can be incorrect. The only claims (propositions) which are certainly true are circular, based on how we use words or terms. We can correctly claim that there are 360 degrees in a circle, since that is part of how circles are defined. The point of Aristotle's syllogism was to show that this kind of reasoning had a machine-like form:

* If all swans are white, and this is a swan, then it must be white.

But actually, in the real world, not all swans are white.

The most widely accepted way to find reliable knowledge is the scientific method. Yet one thing all philosophers of science agree is that scientific knowledge is just the best we can do at any one time. All scientific knowledge is provisional, not a claim of absolute truth.

Religion and knowledge
----------------------

Knowledge in religion is different in that it depends on faith, belief and the authority of religious leaders, not on evidence of a scientific or legal kind. There are differing views on whether religious statements should be regarded as knowledge. 

In many expressions of Christianity, such as Catholicism and Anglicanism, knowledge is one of the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit.
In the Garden of Eden knowledge is the factor that made humans greedy and treacherous. But in the Book of Proverbs it states: 'to be wise you must first obey the LORD' (9:10). 

In Islam, knowledge has great significance. "The All-Knowing" (*al-ʿAlīm*) is one of the Names of God, reflecting distinct properties of God in Islam. The Qur'an asserts that knowledge comes from God [ 2:239] and various *hadith* encourage getting knowledge. Muhammad is reported to have said "Seek knowledge from the cradle to the grave" and "Verily the men of knowledge are the inheritors of the prophets". Islamic scholars, theologians and jurists are often given the title *alim*, meaning 'knowledgeable'.
**Elaine Lobl Konigsburg** (February 10, 1930 – April 19, 2013) was an American writer.

Early life
----------

Elaine Lobl Konigsburg was born on February 10, 1930 in New York. She was the daughter of Adolph, a businessman, and Beulah (Klein) Lobl. E.L. Konigsburg married a man named David Konigsburg in 1952. With David, she had three children, named Paul, Laurie, and Ross. She went to Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh. Konigsburg was a follower of the Jewish religion.

Konigsburg is the author of many children’s books, some including *The Outcast of 19 Schuyler Place, From the Mixed Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler,* and *Silent to the Bone*. She began her career as an author later in her life. She left teaching after the birth of her first child in 1955, and returned to teach again in 1960. She stopped teaching again two years later, to move to New York for her husband’s job. With all of her kids at school, she had time to begin her writing career.

Accomplishments
---------------

E. L Konigsburg is the only author to have two books on the Newbery List at one time. In addition, in 1967, her book was honored in the "Book Week Children’s Festival". She also won the William Allen White award for *From the Mixed Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler*.

Books
-----

* *Jennifer, Hecate, Macbeth, William McKinley, and Me, Elizabeth*
* *From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler*
* *About the B'nai Bagels*. New York, Atheneum
* *A Proud Taste for Scarlet and Miniver*
* *The Dragon in the Ghetto Caper*
* *The Second Mrs. Giaconda*
* *Father's Arcane Daughter*
* *Throwing Shadows* (stories)
* *Journey to an 800 Number*
* *Up from Jericho Tel*
* *Samuel Todd's Book of Great Colors*
* *Samuel Todd's Book of Great Inventions*
* *Amy Elizabeth Explores Bloomingdale's*
* *T-Backs, T-Shirts, COAT, and Suit*
* *The View from Saturday*

Sources
-------

* "E(laine) L(obl) Konigsburg." Major Authors and Illustrators for Children and Young Adults. Detroit: Gale, 2002.Biography in Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2015 E(laine) L(obl) Konigsburg." St. James Guide to Children's Writers. Gale, 1999. Biography in Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2 2015
Bucket wheel excavator in Ferropolis, Germany
Bucket wheel excavators in Garzweiler surface mine. Note the tiny bulldozer in the foreground (highest magnification)
**Bucket-wheel excavators (BWEs)** are huge machines used for surface mining. 

They are continuous digging machines in large-scale open cast mining operations. What sets BWEs apart from other large-scale mining equipment is their large wheel with a continuous pattern of buckets to scoop material as the wheel turns. 

They are among the largest vehicles ever constructed. The biggest bucket-wheel excavator ever built, Bagger 293, is the largest terrestrial (land) vehicle in human history.

BWEs built since the 1990s, such as the Bagger 293, have reached sizes as large as 96 metres (314.9 feet) tall, 225 metres (738.2 feet) long, and as heavy as 14,200 metric tons (31.3 million lb). The bucket-wheel itself can be over 70 feet in diameter with as many as 20 buckets, each of which can hold over 15 cubic metres of material. BWEs are now capable of operating in extreme climates. Many BWEs have been designed to operate in climates with temperatures as low as -45°C (-49°F).
**Otto "Schloime" Fischer** (1 January 1901 – 1 July 1941) was an Austrian football player. He played as forward for different teams in Vienna and in the Austrian national football team.

Career
------

He started at ASV Hertha Wien, where he also made his first appearances in the top league. In 1921 he accepted an offer from German Bohemia and played for Karlsbader FK for two years. He then returned to First Vienna FC. In his three years at the club, they were runners-up twice and also reached the ÖFB Cup final twice. After losing their entire forward line to New York clubs as a result of their first tour of North America, SC Hakoah Wien were forced to find other forwards and one of the newcomers was Fischer. At the beginning of 1928 he went to SC Wacker Wien. Then he went back to Hakoah, but had to end his career early due to a knee injury.

International career
--------------------

He made his international debut in September 1923 in a 2-0 loss to Hungary in Budapest. He made his seventh and last game in national dress in October 1928 against Switzerland.

Managing career
---------------

After the end of his playing career he became manager of the Serbian club FK Mačva Šabac. Then he coached FC Salzburg. In 1932 he took over training at DSV Saaz, where he stayed for two years. 1934 he went back to Yugoslavia to HŠK Concordia Zagreb. From 1936 on he worked in Latvia, where he was a coach of Olympia Libau. He was in 1936, 1938 and 1939 Latvian football champion with the club.

Death
-----

Fischer and his wife were killed in the Liepāja massacres in 1941. The majority of Fischer's family living in Vienna were also murdered by the National Socialists. His mother Netty Fischer was killed in the Theresienstadt ghetto in 1943. His brother Hugo Fischer, his wife Ilona and their daughter Gerda did not survive the 1942 deportation to the Auschwitz concentration camp. Only his sister Ernestine and her two children Paul and Alice survived the Nazi terror.
***Mama Mirabelle's Home Movies*** is a 2007 animated television series. Set in the African savanna, it focuses on an elephant named Mama Mirabelle who travels around the world to film real wildlife footage and show them on a screen of fireflies in front of most of the animal kingdom. The "Home Movies" are used for educational purposes not only for the young characters, but for the audience at home. The live action footage comes from the BBC Natural History Unit archives, as well as the National Geographic Society. The programme is also shown in the United States on PBS. In the American version all of the animals except Karla have American voices. 

Floella Benjamin is the voice for Mama Mirabelle in the United Kingdom version. Vanessa Williams is the voice of Mama Mirabelle in the United States version. The series is made by UK animation company King Rollo Films. They also make the programmes *Paz*, *Maisy* and *Mr. Benn*. For its first season, *Mama Mirabelle's Home Movies* has 52 11-minute episodes on CBeebies. On PBS Kids, starting in 2008, the programme was broadcast in a thirty-minute slot by showing two ten minute episodes with extra songs, feature, and games. Music for this programme is written by Lester Barnes, the composer for *Horrid Henry*, *Me Too!*, *Paz*, and *Urmel*. The series was created by Douglas Wood. Hr was also the author of the companion children's picture book, *When Mama Mirabelle Comes Home.* It was published by National Geographic Channel Book.
**Wendy Hawthorne**  (born 7 June 1960) is a Canadian women's former international footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

With the Canada women's national soccer team she is mutiple times medalist at the CONCACAF Women's Championship. Neil Turnbull wrote about Hawthrne in 1990 as having a "very professional approach to the game" and being "a very positive individual".

Hawthorne became four times national champion and was national championships record holder in clean sheets. She became between 1985 and 2004 eleven times champion of British Columbia.

Career
------

Hawthorne was born in Vancouver where she grew up. She attended the University of British Columbia. She played football with the university and was a member of the UBC soccer camp at the age of 13. Two years later she played her first match with the *UBC Thunder Mamas*.

At senior level, Hawthrne became four times Canadian national champion between 1991 and 1996 and finished six times in second place. At the end of her career she was the of the Canadian Championship record holder in clean sheets. Of the 39 matches between 1984 and 2004 she had 23 times a clean sheet. She became eleven times champion of British Columbia with four different football teams. Her first time was with Richmond Kornerkicks in 1985 and 1986; later with Surrey Marlins SC (1991, 1992, 1993) with Vancouver UBC Alumni (1996-2000) and also with Surrey United SC in 2004.

Hawthorne became a member of the Canada women's national soccer team and made her debut on 20 April 1990. With the national team she won the silver medal at the 1991 CONCACAF Women's Championship, she finishished third at the 1993 CONCACAF Women's Invitational Tournament and won another silver medal at the 1994 CONCACAF Women's Championship. She was a member of the Canadian team at the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup.

After her career she was awarded the 1997 BC Soccer Award of Merit and 2018 Canadian Transit Leadership Award in Excellence.

Achievements and awards
-----------------------

CONCACAF Women's Championship
2  1991 CONCACAF Women's Championship
2  1994 CONCACAF Women's Championship
CONCACAF Women's Invitational Tournament
3  1993 CONCACAF Women's Invitational Tournament
Canadian national championships (Jubilee Trophy)
Champion (4x): 1991, 1992, 1993 and 1996
Runner-up (6x)
Clean sheet record holder: 23 matches (later broken by Theresa Nuttall)
BC Soccer Award of Merit1997
Canadian Transit Leadership Award in Excellence2018
**Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex**, KG, PC (c. 1485 – 28 July 1540) was an English statesman and lawyer. He was King Henry VIII's chief minister (like Prime Minister) from 1532 to 1540. He held many important posts, ending as Lord Chamberlain. Cromwell did not come from a rich or noble family: he rose in life by his work and merit.

Cromwell tried to modernize government, but this meant that both the nobility and the church would have less power. Because of this he was seen as an upstart. He was one of the strongest supporters of the English Reformation, the English Church's break with the papacy in Rome. Henry VIII was made the head of the Church of England by Parliament in 1534. Cromwell helped control the new Church with his two new jobs; Vicegerent for spirituals and Vicar general.

Downfall and execution
----------------------

Cromwell had supported Henry VIII in disposing of Anne Boleyn and replacing her with Jane Seymour. During his years as the King's chief minister, Cromwell created many powerful enemies for himself.

His final downfall was caused by the haste with which he encouraged the king to marry Anne of Cleves. This was a marriage that Cromwell hoped would put the English Reformation back on track after the recent setback with the Six Articles. The enterprise became a disaster when King Henry told Cromwell that he had not consummated the marriage. Henry told Cromwell to get him out of the marriage by legal means, but the king was obliged to go ahead with it or risk the vital German alliance. The king's marriage to Anne of Cleves was a disaster for Cromwell. It was the opportunity that Cromwell's opponents (most notably the Duke of Norfolk) needed to press for his downfall.

Cromwell was executed at Tower Hill, near the Tower of London, on 28 July 1540, the same day that the king divorced Anne of Cleves and married Catherine Howard.p60 After his execution, Thomas Cromwell's head was boiled and then set upon a spike on London Bridge, facing away from the City of London.

Henry came to regret Cromwell's execution. About eight months afterwards, Henry accused his ministers of bringing about Cromwell's downfall by false charges.p496 Henry spent the rest of his life lamenting the fact that Cromwell had been executed.
**Septimius Severus** (Lucius Septimius Severus, 11 April 145 AD – 4 February 211) was Roman Emperor from 193 AD to 211. Severus was born in Leptis Magna in the province of Africa. Severus was an born an African, and some portraits show him as such. In 187 he married Julia Domna, from Syria.

As a young man, Severus advanced under the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Severus seized power after the death of Emperor Pertinax in 193 during the so-called Year of the Five Emperors. After deposing the incumbent emperor Didius Julianus in a bloodless coup, Severus fought his rival claimants, the generals Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus. Niger was defeated in 194 at the Battle of Issus, and Albinus three years later at the Battle of Lugdunum.

After solidifying his rule, Severus waged a brief war against the Parthian Empire, sacking their capital Ctesiphon in 197. In 202 he campaigned in Africa against the Garamantes, briefly taking their capital Garama and expanding the southern frontier of the empire radically.

Late in his reign he fought the Picts in Caledonia and strengthened Hadrian's Wall in Britain. Severus died in 211 at Eboracum, succeeded by his sons Caracalla and Geta. With the succession of his sons, Severus founded the Severan dynasty, the last dynasty of the empire before the Crisis of the Third Century.

Assessment
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The Arch of Septimius Severus at Leptis Magna
By the close of his reign the Roman Empire reached an extent of over 5 million square kilometres, which some scholars state expanded the empire to its greatest physical extent.

According to Gibbon, "his daring ambition was never diverted from its steady course by the allurements of pleasure, the apprehension of danger, or the feelings of humanity".

He secured Africa, the agricultural base of the Empire where he was born. His victory over the Parthian Empire was for a time decisive. His policy of an expanded and better-rewarded army was criticised by his contemporaries Cassius Dio and Herodianus. The large increase in military expenditure caused problems for all of his successors.
**Socialist Workingmen's Party** (Turkish: Sosyalist Emekçiler Partisi; **SEP**) is a communist political party based in Turkey. The party was founded in 2016.

Ideology
--------

The SEP fights for socialism, where social equality is ensured all over the world, and the capitalist system is buried in history with the coming to power of the workers. On this basis, the October Revolution of 1917; He follows in the footsteps of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Trotsky. The founder of revolutionary Marxism in Turkey, in his own words, is the continuation of Mustafa Suphi, who came to Anatolia to establish a "workers and peasants council government on the way of world communism".

He argues that ethno-religious divisions, nationalism, imperialist and capitalist system in Turkey and the Middle East can only be responded to with the class struggle of the working people and the oppressed. It aims to build a Leninist revolutionary vanguard party to create a socialist Middle East, to organize the workers and oppressed to abolish capitalist private property. 

The SEP claims that the working class can come to power and that the only revolutionary program of the socialist revolution in the 21st century is the program of permanent revolution.

International organization
--------------------------

Considering the internationalist struggle indispensable, the SEP has carried out theoretical productions and practical organizational activities in order to build a new international since the beginning of the tradition. The party was among the founders of the International Socialist Union (ISL), whose founding steps were taken at the 2019 Barcelona Conference. SEP left ISL in September 2022 due to the NATOist tendencies of Argentina-MST, one of the three main sections of ISL, and the Ukrainian nationalist statements and actions of the leader of the Ukrainian section. SEP explains the detailed reasons for leaving ISL in "Letter to ISL Members: Why Did We Leave ISL?" published his article. In this process, party theorists produced theoretical explanations about the imperialist rivalry in the world and the US-China tension.

SEP, Socialist Middle East continues its internationalist organization activities through its website. As a result, the *İnqilabin səsi* ("Voice of Revolution") was established with Azerbaijani revolutionary Marxists in November 2022. The *İnqilabin səsi* noting that Azerbaijani and Armenian workers are brothers, he stressed that the enemyhood between Azerbaijan and Armenia should be ended immediately.
The **Brenta** is an important river in northeastern Italy. It begins near the *Caldonazzo* and *Levico* lakes in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and flows for more than 174 kilometres (108 mi) into the Adriatic Sea to the south of the city of Venice.

Geography
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The Brenta river has a length of 174 km (108 mi), and a drainage basin with an area of approximately 2,304 km2 (890 sq mi). Its average yearly discharge is 60–90 m3/s (2,100–3,200 cu ft/s) at Bassano del Grappa in the Vicenza province.

The Brenta, together with the Piave river, formed the Venetian Lagoon.

### Course

The Brenta river starts between the *Caldonazzo* and *Levico* lakes, two small lakes in the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region, in the comune of Caldonazzo, Trento province, at an elevation of about 449 m (1,473 ft). From here, the river flows through the *Valsugana*, the valley that goes from Bassano del Grappa to Trento, first to the east and later to the south. In this part, the Brenta is joined by its main left tributary, the Cismon stream, in the *comune* Cismon del Grappa, province of Vicenza (the Bacchiglione river is larger but it joins the Brenta near the mouth).

After the *comune* of Bassano del Grappa, the river flows through the *Pianura Padana* (the "Valley of the Po river"). Finally, it flows into the Adriatic Sea, near the *comune* of Chioggia in the Metropolitan City of Venice. Near the mouth, Brenta is joined in the locality "Ca' Pasqua" by the Bacchiglione river.

Gallery
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* The Brenta river in Bassano del Grappa.The Brenta river in Bassano del Grappa.
* Ponte degli Alpini in Bassano del Grappa.*Ponte degli Alpini* in Bassano del Grappa.
* The Brenta in downtown Borgo Valsugana.The Brenta in downtown Borgo Valsugana.
* The Brenta river in Valstagna.The Brenta river in Valstagna.

Related pages
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* List of rivers of Italy

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Brenta River***.

* Fiumi Italiani: *Fiume Brenta* (in Italian)
* Sapere.it: *Brènta (fiume)* (in Italian)

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Wounded Knee after the shooting
The **Wounded Knee Massacre** was a brief fight between the Native American Lakota people and the US Army. It took place at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota on December 29, 1890. About 300 Lakota and 25 soldiers were killed. The Lakota were part of the Sioux nation. The army had been sent into the area to take the guns owned by the Lakota.

Ghost Dance
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During the 1890's, a Native American shaman, named Wovoka, began teaching people about his visions for the future. He said the living would join with the dead, and the prairies would be covered in new soil. This would bury the European settlers, and life would return to the way it had been with lots of bison and other animals to hunt. To make this happen, he told people they would have to perform the Ghost Dance. The dancers wore brightly colored shirts with pictures of bison and eagles. They believed the shirts had magic powers which would protect them from bullets. The Ghost Dance caused a lot of excitement in the Sioux camps. European settlers were worried by these beliefs and the sight of wild and crazy people dancing in the snow. They demanded protection from the army.

Massacre
--------

The army was sent in to the Native American camps to arrest the leaders and take away their weapons until things settled down. Chief Sitting Bull was killed when the army tried to arrest him at Standing Rock Reservation of December 15, 1890. The army then went to arrest Chief Big Foot. On December 28, the army found Chief Big Foot, who was leading his people south to the Pine Ridge Reservation, near the Wounded Knee Creek. The next morning Chief Big Foot met with Colonel Forsyth.

During the meeting a shot was fired, and very quickly both groups began shooting at each other. The army had Hotchkiss cannons which fired into the tepees. Many women and children were caught in the gunfire. When the shooting stopped over 300 people had been killed.
**Feedback** is a connection, a loop, between the cause and effect of a process.

Electronic
----------

Sometimes, output from an electronic source affects future input. This can form what is called a "feedback loop". In some cases the output reinforces the input, making it stronger; this is called "self-reinforcing", "positive", "runaway" or "amplifying". In other cases, the output blocks or stops some of the input; this is called a negative feedback loop.

### Positive feedback

Think about a sound system with input from a microphone and output to a loudspeaker. If the sound coming out of the loudspeaker is heard by the microphone, a loop is created, from speaker, to the microphone, through the cord, and back into the speaker. The loop is made up of sound and the electrical energy that the microphone and loudspeaker use to create that sound. If nothing stops the sound and electricity in the loop, it will travel faster and faster, which is why feedback starts out as a low hum and turns into a high squeal very quickly

This is an example of a positive feedback loop: the output reinforces the input; it makes the input stronger.

### Negative feedback

Think about two mirrors that face each other. The mirrors reflect each other infinitely, or forever, but in each reflection, the image in the mirror is slightly smaller than the image it reflects. The images get smaller and smaller until they are no longer visible. This is an example of a negative feedback loop: the output (the reflection) reduces the input; it makes the input smaller.

The runaway global warming hypothesis
-------------------------------------

Warm temperature caused a glacier to melt. As the glacier melts, areas that were at one time covered by snow and ice are now water or land. Because snow and ice reflect heat but water and land absorb heat, this causes the glacier to melt faster as more snow and ice is melted. This type of positive feedback is an example of thermal runaway.

Cybernetics
-----------

American mathematician Norbert Wiener made feedback loops more well known in 1948 in his book *Cybernetics*. Cybernetics is the study of feedback loops and their role in communication and control.
***Grave of the Fireflies*** (Japanese: *火垂るの墓*; romanized: *Hotaru no Haka*; literally: ***Tomb of the Lampreys***) is a Japanese anime film produced by Studio Ghibli in 1988. 

This anime film is considered as extraordinary work, because unlike other anime films, it contains the story of two children who suffer from starvation, while struggling to live by themselves in World War II Japan, and they both die shortly after the war ends. Because of this, the film is considered "heartbreaking". 

The director of the film is Isao Takahata. The music was composed by Michio Mamiya and Mamija Joshio. The film was based on a semi-autobiographical novel of the same name, which was first published in 1967. It was written by Nosaka Akiyuki, who wrote it to honor his sister who died from starvation during World War II, and to also cope with survivor guilt.

In 2005, a non-animated Japanese live action film of the same title and story was released.

Plot
----

The story is set in 1945 in Japan during the final months of World War II. Seita (aged 14) and his younger sister Setsuko (aged 4), are children who temporarily have no parents, after their mother dies in the bombing of Kobe (the children survived the bombing), while their father is out serving the Japanese Imperial Navy during the war, and knows nothing about the situation of his family back home. Because of this, Seita and Setsuko move in with their aunt who lives in the nearby city of Nishinomiya. Their aunt seems kind at first, but later treats them badly. After repeated insults, the children pack up and leave their aunt's house and move into an abandoned bomb shelter, which is located on the banks of a nearby river. Seita and Setsuko are well-fed at first but that lasts only a short while. The two fall into hunger, and after a while, the hunger turns into starvation. Meanwhile, Seita begins stealing food, for which he is assaulted by a farmer and sent to the police. The police realizes that he is stealing out of starvation and releases him from the station. Shorlty after his release, Seita continues stealing food. The war ends with the surrender of the Japanese. All of the ships serving the Japanese Imperial Navy had been sunk, and Seita and Setsuko's father is most likely dead, thus making them possible orphans. Seita is distraught upon learning of this. By the time the war ends, Setsuko is very weak and she dies shortly after the war ends. After her death, Seita buys some charcoal and cremates her body. After the cremation, Seita decides to leave the bomb shelter and become homeless. He dies in a train station all alone from starvation, as people who pass by him, ignore him and pretend they don't notice him. Upon his death, Seita's spirit reunites with his sister Setsuko's spirit.
The film ends with Seita and his sister Setsuko's spirits overlooking modern-day Kobe.

Related pages
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* Grave of the Fireflies (2005 film)
**Kim Isabel Fredrika Wall**, (23 March 1987 - 10 August 2017) was a Swedish journalist. She worked mostly in other countries and was murdered during work, writing a report about Peter Madsen and his submarine UC3 Nautilus in Køge Bugt Denmark. At the time of her death she lived in Gislöv in Trelleborg.

After school she continued her studies at Lunds University in Sweden. In 2011 she graduated in studies of international relations at London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). During her years of studies she also studied at Beijing University. She also graduated from studies in international affairs from Columbia University in New York, there she also studied journalism.

During her time as a freelance journalist her work was published in *The Guardian*, *New York Times*, *Harper's Magazine*, *Vice*, *Slate*. And for her work at Exodus in writing the reportage on neuclear tests and climate changes at the Marshall Islands she in 2016 was awarded the Hansel Meith award for Best Digital reportage.

In April 2018 Madsen was found guilty of killing Kim Wall and sentenced to prison for the rest of his life.

Other websites
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* Kim Walls memorial site

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