recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
M1857 12-Pounder "Napoleon" at Gettysburg National Military Park, 2005. The bronze barrel has a green patina because it is not in service and is not polished.
The **Model 1857 12-Pounder Napoleon Field Gun**, officially called the "light 12-pounder gun" by the United States Army, was the most popular smoothbore cannon used during the American Civil War. The cannon was named after French president and emperor, Napoleon III, nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte.

History
-------

The French *Canon obusier de campagne de 12 cm, modèle 1853*, also known as the *Canon de l’Empereur*, was a type of canon-obusier (shell cannon) or gun-howitzer developed in 1853 by the French army. It could fire ball, shell, canister or grapeshot which allowed it to replace all the earlier French cannons. It was of a cast bronze smoothbore design and could double as a howitzer. It was light enough to be pulled by a team of horses. At the same time it had enough firepower to destroy fortifications at a distance of a half-mile (805 meters). When it entered the service of Emperor Napoléon III it was named after him.

In 1857 the design was adopted by the U.S. Army as the light 12-pounder M1857. The Union made 1,156 units while the Confederacy made 501. Because they did not have the manufacturing capacity of the North, Confederates attempted to capture as many Union-made Napoleon 12-pounders as they could. The Confederate army also developed their own version. In 1863, General Robert E. Lee was so impressed by the M1857 that he had all six-pounders in the Army of Northern Virginia gathered up and sent to Richmond to be melted down and re-cast into 12-pounders. The Confederates kept producing 12-pounder Napoleons until the Union army captured the Ducktown copper mines near Chattanooga, Tennessee. This reduced Confederates bronze production. After that Confederate 1857s were cast of iron.

U.S. M1857
----------

When first model 1857s were cast in Northern foundries they had two handles or "dolphins". After 1861 the dolphins were eliminated, the barrel was shortened from the French version, and it was made lighter. Like most cannons in use at the time, they were muzzleloading weapons. The Model 1857 12-pounder Napoleon with its bronze barrel made up 40% of the cannons on both sides. The U.S. version of the Napoleon could hit a target up to 1,700 yards (1,600 m) away. However they were most accurate at closer ranges of about 250 yards (230 m). It used a charge of 2.5 pounds (1.1 kg) of black powder. The M1857 Napoleon fired a cannonball or canister shot at a speed of 1,440 feet per second (or 439 meters per second). The barrel had a bore of 4.62 inches (117 mm) in diameter and was 62 inches (1,600 mm) long. The barrel alone weighed 1,220 pounds (550 kg). With its gun carriage it weighed 2,445 pounds (1,109 kg) and was pulled by a team of six horses. The average gun crew was six men.

Other websites
--------------

* 12-Pound Napoleon Cannon at YouTube
The Shanghai Water Gate Museum from the outside
The small copy of the water gate inside the museum
The real water gate inside the museum. The hole in the floor is the one that was made by the workers who found the gate in 2001.
The **Shanghai Water Gate Museum** is a museum in Shanghai, China. It lets people see a water gate from the old path of the Wusong River (today's Suzhou Creek) from 700 years ago. It is free.

The gate itself is an important historical and cultural place protected by China's national government.

Name
----

The museum's full name the **Shanghai Yuan Dynasty Water Gate Museum**. Its Chinese name is the *Shánghǎi Yuándài Shuǐzhá Yízhǐ Bówùguǎn*. It is written as 上海元代水閘遺址博物館 in the older writing used on Hong Kong and Taiwan and 上海元代水闸遗址博物馆 in the easier writing used on the mainland.

Location
--------

The museum is at 619 West Yanchang Road (延长西路619号) in Shanghai's Putuo District. It's at the corner of West Yangchang and Zhidan Roads.

History
-------

Ren Renfa and his workers built the water gate on the Wusong River around 1300 during the Yuan Dynasty. Today, Suzhou Creek is small and less important than the Huangpu River, but it used to be bigger and more important for all the cities between Suzhou and the East China Sea. Dirt and sand in the river ("silt") slowly made it narrower and narrower. People built the water gate to help stop and wash away some of the dirt. The river changed its path to the south, the old gate became covered with dirt, and people forgot where it was.

Workers found the water gate in May 2001 while they were building new apartment buildings in the area. Once they understood that the stone their machines hit was a very old building, archaeologists came to look at it. The archaeologists started digging in January 2004 and finished in May 2006.

Workers started building the museum in November 2009 and finished on December 31st, 2012.

Other websites
--------------

* 《上海元代水闸遗址博物馆》 on Baidu Baike (in Chinese)
Western Interior Seaway during the mid-Cretaceous, about 100 million years before the present
The **Western Interior Seaway**  was a huge inland sea. It split North America into two halves for most of the mid- and late-Cretaceous Period. It was up to 2,500 feet (760 m) deep, 600 miles (970 km) wide and over 2,000 miles (3,200 km) long.

Origin and geology
------------------

Sea level was high in the Cretaceous, and the middle part of North America sank down. A shallow subducting plate pulled on the bottom of the lithosphere, causing it to move down. The sea entered both north and south, and came and went during the course of the Cretaceous. Widespread carbonate deposition suggests that the Seaway was warm and tropical, with abundant calcareous algae. The shrunken, regressive phase of the Western Interior Seaway is sometimes called the **Pierre Seaway**.

Fauna
-----

*Inoceramus* from the Cretaceous of South Dakota.
The long, narrow western border of the seaway called **Laramidia** had one of the most diverse collections of dinosaurs anywhere on Earth.

The Western Interior Seaway was a shallow sea filled with abundant marine life. This included predatory marine reptiles such as plesiosaurs, and mosasaurs that grew up to 18 meters long. Other marine life included sharks such as *Squalicorax* and the giant shellfish-eating *Ptychodus mortoni* (believed to be 10 meters long). There were advanced bony fish such as the massive 5-meter long *Xiphactinus* – a fish larger than any modern bony fish. Other sea life included invertebrates such as molluscs, ammonites, squid-like belemnites, and plankton including coccolithophores that secreted the chalky platelets that give the Cretaceous its name, foraminiferans and radiolarians.

The Western Interior Seaway was home to early birds also, including the flightless *Hesperornis* which had stout legs for swimming through water and small wing-like appendages used for marine steering rather than flight; and the tern-like *Ichthyornis*, an early avian with a toothy beak. *Icthyornis* shared the sky with large pterosaurs such as *Nyctosaurus* and *Pteranodon*. *Pteranodon* fossils are very common and it was likely a major component of the surface ecosystem, though it was only found in the southern reaches of the Seaway.

On the bottom, the giant clam *Inoceramus* left common fossilized shells in the Pierre Shale. This clam had a thick shell paved with prisms of calcite deposited at right angles to the surface, giving a pearly luster in life. Paleontologists suggest that its giant size was an adaptation for life in the murky bottom waters, where a correspondingly large gill area would have allowed the animal to cope with oxygen-depleted waters.

Related pages
-------------

* Sundance Sea (Jurassic period)
The **Wildlife Protection Act of 1972** is a set of laws created in 1972 by the Government of India. Before 1972, India had only five national parks.

The Act protects wild animals, a birds and plants in all of India, except the State of Jammu and Kashmir, which has its own wildlife act. It has six sections that give different degrees of protection. Schedule I Archived 2010-09-11 at the Wayback Machine and part II of Schedule II Archived 2010-09-11 at the Wayback Machine provide complete protection. Offences under these are given the highest penalty. Species listed in Schedule III Archived 2010-09-11 at the Wayback Machine and Schedule IV Archived 2010-11-15 at the Wayback Machine are also protected, but the penalties are much lower. Schedule V Archived 2010-09-11 at the Wayback Machine includes the animals that can be hunted. The plants in Schedule VI Archived 2010-09-11 at the Wayback Machine are prohibited from harvesting and planting.

Other websites
--------------

* The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
The **Nara Juvenile Prison** is a prison which is in Nara, Japan. It was built in 1908 during the Meiji Period. It was used as a prison until 2017. It has been named an Important Cultural Property. It is being rebuilt as a hotel and scheduled to open in 2024.

History
-------

Architect Keijiro Yamashita designed the former Nara Prison. It was made as part of the Meiji government's plan to be modern. It opened in 1908. In 1910, 935 people were accommodated in this prison although the maximum capacity was 650 people. In 1922, Japan passed the Juvenile Law. The prison was renamed twice in 1922 and 1946.

The former Nara prison was renamed "the Nara Juvenile Prison" in 1946. Prisoners were between 16 and 26 years old. The prison had education programs so the prisoners would be less likely to commit more crimes after being released from prison. This was the first place in Japan to have a sexual offense recidivism prevention program. There was also a lot of remedial guidance that appealed to individual personalities, such as violence avoidance education, social development education, and hope development courses. Prisoners were also given vocational training for jobs. The Wakakusa Barber Shop was one of these vocational programs. Trained inmates gave haircuts to staff and citizens.

In 2017, it was designed as an important cultural asset. It stopped working as a prison in March 31.

Building
--------

The building has Romanesque architecture and was made of highly fireproof red brick. These bricks were made by prisoners. British stacking was used because it is easy to install and strong. A structure called a Haviland system, in which the prison buildings were spread out in a radial pattern around a watchtower, was used. This helped the guards see what was happening.

Hotel
-----

The Former Nara Prison stopped working a prison in March 2017 because the buildings were too old. Instead of being knocked down, the government decided to reopen it as a hotel in 2024. The hotel is to be called the Hoshino Resort, a major Japanese inn brand. The hotel was originally scheduled to open in 2021, but the COVID-19 pandemic meant it had to be done later. Hoshino Resort, MUJI, and Solare Hotels and Resorts all plan to work on making the former prison into a hotel.
**Wild Fire** is an American rock band founded in Biloxi, Mississippi on November 5, 2015. The band consists of three members: Zack Sawyer on vocals, Wade Sigue on guitar and Tyler Voss on bass. The band released a single on November 5, 2015 called "Villain", which was later included in their debut album that was released on May 23, 2017 titled "Revolt." *Revolt* contains 15 tracks, one of them being a cover of Dr. Hook's Cover of the Rolling Stone, which was the final track of the album. The band's music is influenced by artists such as Korn, Incubus, Sevendust, Nothing More, Periphery, Twelve Foot Ninja, Avenged Sevenfold, and vocalist Zack Sawyer's past experiences. Wild Fire has been featured at 1065 Fest 2016, Rocklahoma 2017, Gulfport Music Fest 2017, and Inktober Fest 2017.

History
-------


"While I'm not the author of the lyrics for Villain, the song is about well.... being the villain. We all have that side of us, deep down somewhere. That side of you is there whether you want to believe that or not and sometimes its just itching to break out and take control. Another aspect for inspiration, at least on my side of things, would definitely be the Joker. If you watch the lyric video, the main focus of the video is the Joker, the lyrics to me describe the insanity and utter villainy that the Joker exudes [...]"

Taylor Roberts on the lead single *Villain*

Wild Fire was founded on November 5, 2015 in Biloxi, Mississippi. Wild Fire is originally a transformation from a local band called "Cathercist," which was active for five years before Wild Fire was founded. The band released their first debut album titled *Revolt* on May 23, 2017. the lead single of the album is titled *Villain*, which is the band's most popular recording as of February 21, 2018, the music video of the song reaching over 4 million views on YouTube and streamed more than 600,000 times on Spotify. The single also peaked at number 82 of The Media Base Rock Charts in the 3rd quarter of 2017.

In an interview, when Roberts was asked about *Villain*, he said that the song was about being a villain after he hinted that he didn't write the song. he cited The Joker as an inspiration, saying that "there's always been something so fascinating about [Joker]. He's a villain you fall in love with and every now and again, you can find yourself in those same shoes, so his character becomes very relatable."

The band covered one of Dr. Hook's songs titled "Cover of the Rolling Stone", which is included in *Villain*. Sawyer revealed that his cousin, Ray Sawyer, is a member in Dr. Hook, and that he's been supportive through the recording process of his band's debut album.

the band started touring across the United States after the release of *Revolt*. They announced their first show on December 15, 2017, opening for Sleeping With Sirens in the House of Blues Parish Room in New Orleans. In early 2018, the band announced a free concert at the House of Blues alongside of Appetite for Destruction and a tribute band to Guns N' Roses. Sawyer revealed plans for a new record in summer 2018.
**Wild grapes** are natural, uncultivated grapes. There are many species. Most are similar to each other, and difficult to tell apart. Fox grape (*vitis labrusca*), summer grape (*vitis aestivalis*), and riverbank grape (*vitis riparia*) are some common species.

Wild grapes have woody vines which can climb over thirty feet tall. They have large, three-lobed leaves with teeth on the edges. They can be found on streambanks, pond edges, roadsides, and in open woods. In woods, the vine is probably very large and has grown up with the tree.

Wild grapes use tendrils (like above-ground roots) to grab onto branches or bark of larger plants. The bark is brownish-gray and very shreddy.

Wild grape flowers are green and small. They bloom from May to July. The fruit, of course, is what grapes are known for. They grow large berries in clusters of up to twenty. Fruits become ripe from August to October. The fruit is very important for wildlife. Each berry contains two to six seeds. When animals eat the fruit, they help spread the vines by defecating seeds in new places.

Many birds nest in wild grape tangles, and many use bark from the vine to build nests.

Gallery
-------

* Vitis labrusca with berries *Vitis labrusca* with berries
* Vitis riparia *Vitis riparia*
* Vitis riparia leaves and fruit*Vitis riparia* leaves and fruit
**Musgrave Ranges** is a mountain range in Central Australia. It covers the boundary of South Australia (Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara) and the Northern Territory (MacDonnell Shire). It separates the Great Victoria Desert to the south and the Gibson Desert to the north. The range has a length of 210 kilometres (130 mi). Many of its peaks have a height of more than 1,100 metres (3,609 ft). The highest peak is Mount Woodroffe at 1,435 metres (4,708 ft).

The mountains were originally the home of Yankunytjatjara people. The first European to find them was the English explorer William Gosse in the 1870s. He named them after Anthony Musgrave, the Governor of South Australia at the time. At the start of the 20th century, Yankunytjatjara people began migrating east, setting up camps along the Alberga River and moving into the mission at Ernabella. From 1917, they also began a movement southward to Ooldea. Groups of Pitjantjatjara were forced to move to the Musgrave region because of a long drought in their territory, the Mann and Tomkinson Ranges in the west. Today, most of the families in the communities of Amata and Kaltjiti identify as Pitjantjatjara.

The South Australian part of the Musgrave Ranges was granted to the Pitjantjatjara people in the Pitjantjatjara Land Rights Act 1980. Since then, most people have moved into settlements in more hospitable areas.
A **music competition** is an event in which people compete for prizes by performing music. Music competitions can be for solo performers or for small or large groups such as orchestras, bands or choirs. Some competitions are for young people who are starting to make a professional career in music. Other music competitions may be for amateurs, which means that professional musicians are not allowed to compete. 

The person who decides who is the winner is called the adjudicator. Some big festivals have a team of several adjudicators who decide together on the winner.

The British and International Federation of Music Festivals organizes music competitions for amateurs in many parts of the British Isles. Children and adults can take part, competing in classes for music, speech and drama and dance. Competitions like these are often called "festivals" because the main reason for taking part is to enjoy performing rather than just to win.

There are many big international competitions for some of the most talented musicians from all over the world. Winning a big competition can help a young musician to start a successful career. Some people think it can also be a bad thing to win a big competition, especially for musicians who are still very young. It may make them a star for a short time but they still have to get better and mature as a musician and a person.

Some of the most famous international music competitions are:

* Leeds International Pianoforte Competition held in Leeds, England
* International Tchaikovsky Competition held in Moscow
* BBC Young Musician of the Year held in England.
* Super Girl in China

In popular music one of the great European events is the Eurovision Song Contest.
**Music for the Royal Fireworks** is a group of five pieces for orchestra composed by George Frideric Handel in 1749. He was asked by King George II to write the music because the king wanted some music and fireworks to celebrate the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. This was an agreement between a lot of European countries to end the war they had been fighting.

The king wanted the celebrations to take place in Green Park in London. He wanted the orchestra to have lots of military instruments such as trumpets and drums and "hoped there would be no violins". He wanted the orchestra to have a rehearsal in Vauxhall Gardens to which the public would be able to go. Handel was not very happy with these arrangements, but in the end he agreed.

The rehearsal in Vauxhall Gardens took place on 21 April. This was just for the music, there were no fireworks. There were 12,000 people in the audience. The huge crowds caused a three hour traffic jam on London Bridge. The tickets for entrance cost 2s 6d (two shillings and six pence, worth 12 ½p in modern money).

Six days later the real performance took place in Green Park. The orchestra played in a building which had been specially made. The music was played while the fireworks went off. Unfortunately there was a disaster. The building caught fire when a huge bas relief of the king fell down. However, no one was hurt.

The music has five movements: an overture, a bourrée, a movement called La paix (The Peace), La réjouissance (The Rejoicing), and two minuets.

Handel wrote the music for a large orchestra with 24 oboes, 12 bassoons (including a contrabassoon), nine trumpets, nine horns, three pairs of kettledrums, and a number of side drums. On 27 May Handel conducted the music again at a special concert for the Foundling Hospital. This time he used a normal orchestra with string instruments and wind instruments. This is the way it is usually played today.

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
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| International | 
* VIAF

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| National | 
* France
* BnF data
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* Israel
* United States

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| Other | 
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**Ocean surface waves** are surface waves that occur in the upper layer of the ocean. They usually result from wind. Some are made by geologic effects like earthquakes or vulcanicity and may travel thousands of miles before striking land. They range in size from small ripples to huge tsunamis. There is little actual forward motion of individual water particles in an unbroken wave, despite the large amount of energy and momentum it may carry forward. When a wave hits shallow water, it "breaks" because the bottom moves more slowly than the top. 

Breaking waves at Children's Pool, in La Jolla, CA.

Wave formation
--------------

The great majority of large breakers one sees on an ocean beach result from distant winds. Three factors influence the formation of these "**wind waves**":

* Wind speed
* Distance of open water that the wind has blown over.
* Length of time the wind has blown over a given area.

All of these factors work together to determine the size and shape of ocean waves. The greater each of the variables, the larger the waves. Waves are measured by:

* Height (from trough to crest)
* Wavelength (from crest to crest)
* Period (time interval between arrival of consecutive crests at a stationary point)

Waves in a given area typically have a range of sizes. For weather reporting and for scientific analysis of wind wave statistics, their size over a period of time is usually expressed as "significant wave height." This figure represents the average height of the highest one-third of the waves in a given time period (usually twelve hours) or in a specific storm system or event. Given the variability of wave size, the largest individual waves are likely to be twice the reported significant wave height for a particular day or storm.

Other websites
--------------

* Introductory oceanography chapter 10 - Ocean Waves Archived 2004-08-19 at the Wayback Machine
* Understanding waves waves, storm, tsunamis, seiches, bores, deadwater, etc. (18pp)
* HyperPhysics - Ocean Waves
* SHOM - in French Archived 2005-11-26 at the Wayback Machine
* Water Waves Wiki Archived 2010-11-13 at the Wayback Machine
* Wave equation
* Waverider Buoys for South East Queensland Archived 2006-12-10 at the Wayback Machine
* Costalwatch.com Archived 2019-10-01 at the Wayback Machine: Australian Wave Prediction for Surfers Website
Mohamed Fahmy in 2015.
**Mohamed Fadel Fahmy** (Arabic: محمد فاضل فهمي pronounced [mæˈħæmmæd ˈfɑːdˤel ˈfæhmi]; born April 27, 1974) is a Canadian-Egyptian journalist. He was born in Cairo. Fahmy was in prison in Egypt for two years. When he came out, he started the Fahmy Foundation for free speech.

Work
----

Mohamed Fahmy was a producer for CNN and a writer for the *Los Angeles Times*. He was also the Cairo bureau chief for Al-Jazeera's English channel.

### Arrest

Fahmy was arrested on December 29, 2013 with two other journalists, Baher Mohamed and Peter Greste, in their hotel in Cairo. This was after General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi became president of Egypt. Sisi replaced the elected president, Mohammed Morsi, of the Muslim Brotherhood. The three reporters were accused of helping the Muslim Brotherhood. At the time, Fahmy worked for Al-Jazeera, which is owned by the government of Qatar. Qatar supported the Muslim Brotherhood, even after Morsi was out of power.

In January 2015, Australian Peter Greste went back to Australia. But Fahmy and Baher had a new trial and got three more years in prison. Finally, human rights lawyer Amal Clooney helped them. Because of world pressure, President Sisi said they could go free.
**The Fixx** are a new wave and rock out of London, England. The major songs from the group include "One Thing Leads to Another" and "Saved by Zero". Both were released during 1983.

College partners Cy Curnin (for the vocals) and Adam Woods (drums) got together and formed the group in 1979. At first the group called themselves the **Portraits**. The pair were later joined by keyboardist Rupert Greenall, guitarist Tony McGrail and the bassist Russell Mckenzie. The last was replaced by Charlie Bennett. The Portraits issued two records under Ariola Records: "Little Women" (1979) and "Hazards in the Home" (1980).

Later in 1980, McGrail left the band. At this point, the band adde guitarist Jamie West-Oram. The band then changed their name to **The Fix**. This version of the band recorded under 101 Records. They had their first single "Lost Planes" in February 1981. In those early days, West-Oram was simply billed as Jamie West.

The Fix's raised profile led to them being offered a contract by MCA Records. The record label, however, worried about the potential drug user implication of the group's name. MCA wanted a name change before signing them to the label. A deal was then reached. The band changed the spelling of its name to **The Fixx**.

The group's first studio album was *Shuttered Room* in 1982. This album had the initial hit songs "Stand or Fall" and "Red Skies". Both in the United States, United Kingdom and Canada.

The group's second album *Reach the Beach*, was their most commercially successful album. It was certified Platinum by the RIAA. The singles "One Thing Leads to Another" and "Saved by Zero" were released off the album. Both these singles hit the U.S. Top 40. "One Thing Leads to Another" was the band's biggest hit (#1 in Canada, #4 in the United States).

The 1984 album *Phantoms* had the hits "Are We Ourselves?" and "Sunshine in the Shade".

In 1986, the group had their fourth album *Walkabout*. This album had the single "Secret Separation". The songhit #1 on *Billboard* Magazine's Album Rock Chart.

In 1989 the Fixx had their only release for RCA Records, *Calm Animals*. The album had another #1 hit on the Album Rock chart, "Driven Out".

The band released other albums between 1990 and 2012.

Discography
-----------

* *Shuttered Room* (1982)
* *Reach the Beach* (1983)
* *Phantoms* (1984)
* *Walkabout* (1986)
* *Calm Animals* (1989)
* *Ink* (1991)
* *Elemental* (1998)
* *1011 Woodland* (1999)
* *Want That Life* (2003)
* *Beautiful Friction* (2012)
**Mallinson Girls School** is a school for girls in Kashmir. It is located in Srinagar. The school was founded by Ms Fitze in 1912 at Fateh Kadal and later moved to Lal Chowk in Srinagar. The school was started by Christian missionaries and named after Mallinson. It still has affiliations with the Church Mission Society. Its motto is 'Faithful in the Least'.

The school's principal is currently Alistair R A Freese.

History
-------

The Mallinson Girls Srinagar was established at Fateh Kadal in 1912. At this time, there was no education for the people of the valley. The school placed emphasis on physical activities such as cross cross run, camps, kho-kho, basketball, volleyball as well as mental activities such as quiz, seminars and debates. Mallinson Girls School holds the distinction of being one of the best schools in the Valley and in North India.[*source?*]

Houses
------

The school is divided into four houses, named after various flowers in the Kashmir valley:  


| House | Color | Also known as |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kongposh | Blue | Florence Nightingale |
| Praniposh | Green | Helen Keller |
| Pamposh | Pink | Pandita Ramabai |
| Yambarzal | Yellow | Sarojini Naidu |

Competitions between the houses are held.

Activities
----------

There are picnics, camping, mountain treks, swimming, C.C. Run, and outdoor games like kho-kho, volleyball and basketball.

Departments
-----------

There are five departments:  


| Department | Classes |
| --- | --- |
| Lower Primary Department | Nursery to II |
| Junior Department | III to V |
| Middle Department | VI to VIII |
| Senior Department | IX and X |
| Higher Secondary | XI and XII |

Other websites
--------------

* Official website Archived 2021-05-25 at the Wayback Machine

Coordinates: 34°04′12″N 74°48′44″E﻿ / ﻿34.0699719°N 74.8122353°E﻿ / 34.0699719; 74.8122353
King Kenneth I, the father of NN ingen Cináed.
**NN ingen Cináed** was the eldest daughter of King Kenneth I (MacAlpin) of the Scots. She was born c. 834 when Kenneth was only 24 years old from an unknown mother. She was the mother of Eochaid, king of Scots who ruled with Giric.

Birth
-----

Not much is known about the birth of NN ingen except it happened around 834, somewhere in Scotland. She was born as the eldest daughter of Kenneth and his 11 other siblings, many of whom ruled Scotland.

Marriage
--------

She married Run mac Arthgail, a king of Strathclyde from c. 872-878. He gave her one child, later to be king of Scots named Eochaid, who was deposed in 889 when she was 55 years old (dead or alive?). She also married Rí na h'Alt Clut who supposedly gave her no child as Eochaid is the only recorded child of NN ingen.

Death
-----

It is unknown when NN ingen Cináed died but would most likely be in the 860s to 880s sometime during or after the reign of Constantine I, Donald I and Eochaid, her son. She died in Ireland.
**Mooselookmeguntic Lake** is a lake in the western part of Maine. It is near the border of New Hampshire and the Canadian province of Quebec. It is inside two counties; Franklin and Oxford. It is part of the Androscoggin River watershed. The lake is just a few miles from the Appalachian Trail.

Geography
---------

Mooselookmeguntic Lake gets water from several rivers. These are the Cupsuptic River, the Rangeley River in Rangeley and the Kennebago River. 

The lake's waters flow out to the southeast, into Upper Richardson Lake. There is a dam between the two lakes. It raises the level of Mooselookmeguntic Lake about 14 feet. When the dam was built, this connected Mooselookmeguntic with Cupsuptic Lake. The two lakes had been separate before. The new lake is used as a reservoir.

Mooselookmeguntic Lake's deepest part is 132 feet (40 m). Its surface area is 25.5 square miles (66 km2). It is the fourth largest lake in Maine. Mooselookmeguntic Lake is 1,467 feet (447 meters) above sea level.

There are two large islands south of Mooselookmeguntic Lake. These are named "Toothaker Island" and "Students Island".

River name
----------

The name "Mooselookmeguntic" is really an Abnaki word that means "moose feeding place". 

There is a local story that a Native American was hunting moose in the area, and he saw one. The native had forgotten to load his rifle with ammunition, but shot at the animal anyway. Thinking he had ruined his rifle, he began yelling at the moose about his bad luck. He said: "Moose, look! My gun stick"! This is only a legend but is told often as history. Because of this, another spelling sometimes used is Mooselookmeguntick Lake.

Mooselookmeguntic Lake is one of the longest place names in the United States. It is tied in third place with Kleinfeltersville, a small town in Pennsylvania. They both have 17 letters.

Fishing
-------

The lake has a good variety of fishes, and is a popular tourist attraction for fishing.

Other websites
--------------

* U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Mooselookmeguntic Lake
***Slender Man*** is a 2018 American supernatural horror movie directed by Sylvain White. The movie stars Lea van Acken, Julia Goldani Telles, Jaz Sinclair, Annalise Basso, and Javier Botet. It was released by Sony Pictures Releasing on August 10, 2018.

Premise
-------

In a small town in Massachusetts, a group of friends, fascinated by the internet lore of the Slender Man, attempt to prove that he doesn't actually exist - until one of them mysteriously goes missing.

Cast
----

* Julia Goldani Telles as Hallie
* Lea van Acken as Elise
* Jaz Sinclair as Chloe
* Annalise Basso as Katie Jensen
* Javier Botet as Slender Man

Release
-------

The movie was released on August 10, 2018, by Sony Pictures Releasing.

Reception
---------

### Critical response

On Rotten Tomatoes, the movie holds an approval rating of 7% based on 58 critic reviews with an average rating of 3.3/10. The critical consensus reads "*Slender Man* might be thin, but he's positively robust compared to the flimsy assortment of scares generated by the would-be chiller that bears his name". On Metacritic, the movie has a weighted average score of 30 out of 100 based on 15 critics indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".

Rendy Jones of Rendy Reviews scored the film a 1/5 and stated "Belated, dull, and devoid of any value as a horror movie and lacking connection to the source material, *Slender Man* is six years too late of a release".

Daily Dead writer Heather Wixson scored the film a 3/5 and said that "In terms of creating a creepy and unsettling movie for those who have been enthralled by the Slender Man character over the last few years, White delivers in that department". IGN writer David Griffin gave the film a 6.5/10 and said "If the story behind this chilling internet creation could have matched the quality of those aforementioned strong points, Sony would have a real horror gem on their hands".

Other websites
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* *Slender Man* on IMDb
* *Slender Man* at Rotten Tomatoes
* *Slender Man* at Metacritic
The **Sniper Elite series** is a series of stealth-based World War II third-person shooter video games with special attention placed on long-distance bullet physics. In these games, players need to pay attention to how far their enemies are, the effective range of their sniper rifles, and how hard the wind is blowing, since all of these will affect where the player's bullets will hit. Most of the levels are about the player going to the vantage point (the best place for a sniper to kill his or her target), killing or destroying his or her target, and evacuating the area.

Players will need to use stealth throughout the levels, since the player can die with just a few hits. If players fire their rifles when there are loud noises in the background, the player can kill enemy soldiers without other soldiers noticing. However, the player must be careful to hide dead bodies or shoot when no one is watching, since dead bodies will alert other enemy soldiers and make them harder to hit. If the player holds his or her lungs, the in-game time will slow down and there will be a marker that shows where the bullet will hit. The games have an X-ray feature that shows where the bullets hit the enemy and how the bullets injure enemies. Points are awarded based on how far the player is, where the player hits the enemy, and whether other enemy soldiers notice the player killing them.

Along with a sniper rifle, the player can also carry a pistol, a submachine gun, and explosives. Some pistols have a suppressor so that the player can kill enemies without being heard, others do not, so the player must be careful when choosing his or her weapons. Submachine guns are best used in emergency close-quarters firefights, but the player must be careful not to waste ammo. Explosives can be used to lay traps for the enemy or protect the player from being flanked.

In some of the games, there are DLC levels where the player is sent to assassinate Adolf Hitler.
House of the Virgin Mary
Wishes on a wall, near the House of the Virgin Mary
**The House of the Virgin Mary** (Turkish: **Meryem Ana Evi**) is a Catholic and Muslim shrine on Mount Ala dağı also Bülbül dağı near Ephesus, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from Selçuk in Turkey. The house was discovered in the 19th century when the directions were followed in the alleged visions of the blessed Anna Katharina Emmerich (1774–1824), a Roman Catholic nun. These visions were published as a book after her death by Clemens Brentano. The Catholic Church never let him out in favor or against the authenticity of the house, but pilgrims have visited the place regularly since its discovery. Pope John Paul II beatified Emmerich on October 3, 2004. Catholic pilgrims visit the house in the belief that Mary, mother of Jesus, was taken there by John and that she lived there until her ascension. Already in 1896, Pope Leo XIII visited the house, and the most recent visit by a Pope was in 2006 by Pope Benedict XVI.
See also: Women's Market
Countries that have public women empowerment programs and track them.
Irom Sharmila, the world's longest hunger striker, from Manipur, who was voted as the "Top Women Icon of India" by MSN Poll in 2014.
**Women's Empowerment** or **Women Empowering** is the process of giving women more power. It improves women's sense of self importance. It also improves the ability to decide about their lives themselves. This makes them to stand on their own feet. It also includes giving women legal rights to change their societies. Many developing and developed countries are talking about women's empowerment more. Empowering women economically make them to have their own jobs and incomes. Then they can manage their own resources and wealth. This helps them plan for many risks in life. It also helps to improve their well-being socially, mentally, and physically. 

Gender equality and women empowerment are two things that always go together.

There are many ideas for women's empowerment. There are seven well known purposes of the process. These are:

1. Establishment of the high level collective leadership for gender equality.
2. Equal treatment of men and women, along with respect and no discrimination or bias.
3. To make sure of the health, safety and well-being of both men and women workers.
4. Encouragement and development of women's education and access to the jobs.
5. Applying for the development of companies and marketing practices.
6. Encouraging the equality of rights through massive awareness and proper backing.
7. Looking at the projects meant to make men and women more equal and telling the public whether or not they worked and by how much.

Currently, people want to strengthen women empowerment. It is increasing day by day, across the globe. It is to remove the current situation on bad treatment of females and gender bias. According to a report from the United Nations (UN), around 750 million women and girls were married before being eighteen years old. And in another report, around 250 million women have undergone Female genital mutilation (FGM) across the world.

Women hold more than 30 percent of seats in national parliament in at least one chamber[which country?]. It is one of the positive results of the dedicated efforts of women empowerment projects around the world.

Related articles
----------------

* Nari Shakti Puraskar
**Group B** of the UEFA Euro 2012 began on June 9, 2012 and ended on June 17, 2012. The group had the teams of Denmark, Germany, Netherlands and Portugal. Germany and Portugal went to the quarter-finals. The group was named the "Group of death," because the teams were in the top 10 in the FIFA World Rankings at the start of the games.

Table
-----

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  Germany | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 | +3 | **9** |
|  Portugal | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 4 | +1 | **6** |
|  Denmark | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 5 | –1 | **3** |
|  Netherlands | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 | –3 | **0** |

Games
-----

### Netherlands vs Denmark

9 June 201219:00

| Netherlands  | 0 – 1 |  Denmark |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Krohn-Dehli Goal 24' |

Metalist StadiumAttendance: 35,923
### Germany vs Portugal

9 June 201221:45

| Germany  | 1 – 0 |  Portugal |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mario Gómez Goal 72' | Report |  |

Arena LvivAttendance: 32,990
### Denmark vs Portugal

13 June 201219:00

| Denmark  | 2 – 3 |  Portugal |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bendtner Goal 41', 80' | Report | Pepe Goal 24'Postiga Goal 36'Varela Goal 87' |

Arena LvivAttendance: 31,840
### Netherlands vs Germany

13 June 201221:45

| Netherlands  | 1 – 2 |  Germany |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Van Persie Goal 73' | Report | Gómez Goal 24', 38' |

Metalist StadiumAttendance: 37,750
### Portugal vs Netherlands

17 June 201221:45

| Portugal  | 2 – 1 |  Netherlands |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ronaldo Goal 28', 74' | Report | Van der Vaart Goal 11' |

Metalist StadiumAttendance: 37,445
### Denmark vs Germany

17 June 201221:45

| Denmark  | 1 – 2 |  Germany |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Krohn-Dehli Goal 24' | Report | Podolski Goal 19'Bender Goal 80' |

Arena LvivAttendance: 32,990

Statistics
----------

### Top scorer

* Germany Mario Gómez (3 goals)

Other websites
--------------

* UEFA Euro 2012 Group B
**Shirail Muslimov** (March 26, 1805-September 2, 1973) claimed to be the oldest person who ever lived. He died at the alleged age of 168. This was 46 years older than Jeanne Calment, a French supercentenarian. She has been confirmed as being the oldest person who ever lived. Muslimov got pneumonia in 1972 and died in 1973. As the only evidence of his age Muslimov had a passport issued in 1939. It showed him to have been born in the village of Barzavu in 1805. He claims to have five generations of descendants.

Life
----

According to legend, Muslimov worked hard every day, up to 167 years. He did not smoke or drink. He ate fruits, vegetables, wholemeal bread, chicken broth, cheese and yogurt. He had several wives through his lifetime. Muslimov became ill with pneumonia between 1972 and 1973, but survived only to die later in 1973. Muslimov's story was picked up in 1973 by National Geographic Magazine. The article told that on the occasion he still rode horses and tended an orchard planted in the 1870s. National Geographic later recanted on the claim. The same story was told by the Guinness Book of World Records, stated as unconfirmed along with other similar claims. According to National Geographic, he had an 120-year-old wife whom he had married 102 years earlier. However according to his obituary, published by Time magazine, he was survived by his 107-year-old third wife.

Fame
----

The case of Muslimov became known in 1963. This is when a young photojournalist of TASS, Kalman Kaspiev, went to Barzavu to interview the centenarian. The story was picked up by the Soviet press, by the National Geographic, and by the Dannon company, which for promotional reasons suggested that the long life of Muslimov was linked to a diet of yogurt. 

Some Gerontologists doubt his and other similar claims of extreme old age that come from this area. Analysis of Soviet census records show the lifespan in this area is no more than the expected 115 years for all other populations. Muslimov is one of several men to claim extreme longevity. There are twice as many super-long-lived men as women in this area. This is the opposite of all other populations where women usually outlive men. While there are no accurate records to prove his age, his story captured public attention.

Other websites
--------------

* A lesson in longevity
* New York Times obituary (bottom of page)
* "Azerbaijan's Legendary Centenarian", a 1996 article detailing the story behind Muslimov's claims of incredible longevity
The **Trent and Mersey Canal** is a 931⁄2-mile (150 km) canal in Derbyshire, Staffordshire and Cheshire. It was made to link the River Trent in Derbyshire to the River Mersey, connecting the ports of Hull and Liverpool. 

The plan was made by the canal engineer James Brindley. It was agreed by an Act of Parliament in 1766 and the first sod was cut by Josiah Wedgwood in July that year at Burslem. In 1777, the canal was completed, including more than 70 locks and five tunnels. Wedgwood used the canal to bring clay into his potteries and to send the finished products to Liverpool. He built his factory village called Etruria on the outskirts of Stoke-on-Trent, close to the canal. 

Between Middlewich and the northern end of the canal in Preston Brook Tunnel, is the Victorian Anderton Boat Lift, which lowers boats fifty feet from the canal to the River Weaver. Just North of Stoke is the Harecastle Tunnel. Brindley built the first tunnel which was 2,880 yards (2,630 m) long, and boats were moved through by men lying on their backs and pushing against the roof with their feet. Thomas Telford built a second, wider, parallel tunnel with a towpath in 1827. The first tunnel was later closed because the land sank.
ISS US lab being manufactured and hoisted to a vacuum test chamber in the O&C
The **Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building** (**O&C**) (previously known as the **Manned Spacecraft Operations Building**) is a factory located at Kennedy Space Center.

The building was built in 1964, and made from reinforced concrete and steel.

Its purpose is to make and test out rocket parts such as the Apollo Command/Service Module, Lunar Module, Space Shuttle Spacelab modules, and truss components for the International Space Station. Once manufacturing and check-testing is complete, the spacecraft modules or space stations are checked out of the factory to the SSPF or the Vehicle Assembly Building for integration and launch.

The O&C is actually a two-part building with connected overhead walkways. The front building is where astronauts live in dormitories before launching into space. It also has a few conference rooms, several laboratories, and a restaurant. The rear building is where the spacecraft manufacturing workshop is located.

In 2014, the O&C was named in honor of the first man on the moon: Neil Armstrong.
**Opium poppy**, *Papaver somniferum var. album*, is a species of plant. Opium and poppy seeds come from poppies. A great number of opiates, such as morphine, heroin, and codeine, are made from opium. The Latin name for the opium poppy means "sleep-bringing poppy, white form," probably because some of these opiates make people feel sleepy.

The poppy is the only species of Papaveraceae to be grown as an agricultural crop. Other species, such as *Papaver rhoeas* and *Papaver argemone*, are important agricultural weeds. They may be wrongly thought of as the crop.

The plant itself is also used as a decoration. Known as the "common garden poppy," it is widely grown as an ornamental flower in Europe, North America, South America, and Asia.

Food
----

Polish makowiec, a nut roll filled with poppy seed paste
Poppy seeds of *Papaver somniferum* are used as food in many cultures. They may be used whole by bakers to decorate their products or milled and mixed with sugar as a sweet filling. They have a creamy and nut-like flavor. Seeds of papver somniferum are also used to make poppyseed oil. The seeds have very little opiates. The oil that comes from them has even less.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Papaver somniferum at Wikimedia Commons

* The Papaver somniferum Photo Gallery
* Photos of opium poppy fields in France on www.geopium.org Archived 2010-09-22 at the Wayback Machine
* Photos of opium poppies (in bloom, lanced, dried, with seeds) on www.geopium.org
* Opium Poppy fields of North Tasmania
**Setsu Asakura** (1922-March 27, 2014) was a Japanese painter, filmmaker and set designer. Asakura was also known for her movies. These movies deal with topics such as fantasy and drama. Asakura won the Belgian Salon du Printemps award in 1948. The Centennial Retrospective of her work at the Museum of Modern Art, Hayama, included 200 paintings and artwork, especially for children's picture books, fashion designs for models, and stage designed drawings.

Early life
----------

Asakura was born in Yamaka Tokyo, She was the oldest daughter of the sculptor Fumio Asakura. When she was 17, she was taught by the painter Shinsui-Ito. In the first half of her life she created 40 pieces of artwork.

Artist and filmmaker
--------------------

Asakura took influence from M.C. Escher, Dutch graphic artist. She has created 12 films in her lifetime.Her more well known films are Demon Pond, Crane, Akuryo-to, and Sono hito wa mukashi.

Awards and honors
-----------------

Asakura won the Belgian Salon du Printemps award in 1948.