recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
A triangle labelled with the letters needed for this explanation. A, B and C are the angles. a is the side opposite {\displaystyle A}. {\displaystyle b} is the side opposite {\displaystyle B}. {\displaystyle c} is the side opposite {\displaystyle C}
The **sine rule** or **law of sines**, is a theorem in mathematics. It says that, if you have a triangle like the one in the picture, the equation below is true.

{\displaystyle {\frac {a}{\sin A}}\,=\,{\frac {b}{\sin B}}\,=\,{\frac {c}{\sin C}}\,=\,D\!}
This is another version, which is also true.

{\displaystyle {\frac {\sin A}{a}}\,=\,{\frac {\sin B}{b}}\,=\,{\frac {\sin C}{c}}\!}
**D** is equal to the diameter of the triangle's circumcircle. 

The law of sines is used to find the remaining sides of a triangle when two angles and a side are known. This is known as triangulation. The law of sines can also be used when two sides and one of the angles not enclosed by the two sides are known. In some such cases, the formula gives two possible values for the enclosed angle. This is called an *ambiguous case*.

The law of sines is one of two trigonometric equations which is used to find lengths and angles in scalene triangles. The other is the law of cosines.

Proof
-----

The area {\displaystyle T} of any triangle can be written as one half of its base times its height (drawn from the vertex not on the base). Depending on which side one chooses to be the base, the area can be given by

{\displaystyle T={\frac {1}{2}}b(c\sin A)={\frac {1}{2}}c(a\sin B)={\frac {1}{2}}a(b\sin C)\,.}
Multiplying these by {\displaystyle 2/abc} gives

{\displaystyle {\frac {2T}{abc}}={\frac {\sin A}{a}}={\frac {\sin B}{b}}={\frac {\sin C}{c}}\,.}
In organic chemistry and biochemistry, **substituent** is the name for a single atom or for a group of atoms that take the position of another atom in a molecule. They replace this atom. This reaction is called a substitution reaction. The atom or group of atoms that gets replaced is called the leaving group.

The terms **substituent**, **side chain**, **group**, **branch**, or **pendant group** are used in the same way to describe branches from a parent structure. These terms have different meanings in polymer chemistry. In polymers, side chains extend from a backbone structure, while they are attached to the alpha carbon atoms of the amino acid backbone in proteins. 

Organic chemistry has rules for naming compounds with substituent groups. The substituent group is listed first with a suffix to describe how it is attached to the main carbon chain. The suffix **-yl** is used when naming organic compounds that contain a single bond replacing one hydrogen. **-ylidene** and **-ylidyne** are used for double bonds and triple bonds respectively. When naming hydrocarbons that contain a substituent, position numbers may be used. These number will indicate which carbon atom the substituent is attached to. One case where this information is needed is that of isomers.

The phrases **most-substituted** and **least-substituted** are often used to describe molecules and predict their products. For example:

* Markovnikov's rule predicts that the hydrogen adds to the carbon of the alkene functional group that has the greater number of hydrogen substituents.
* Zaitsev's rule predicts that the major reaction product is the alkene with the more highly substituted (more stable) double bond.

Structures
----------

In a structural diagram or formula, the letters R or X are used to represent a substituent group. An organic substituent such as methyl, ethyl, aryl can be written as **R** (or R1, R2, etc.) This is a generic placeholder. The *R* derived from *radical* or *rest*. The R can represent as many atoms as the author wants. The first to use this symbol was Charles Frédéric Gerhardt in 1844.

The symbol **X** can represent electronegative substituents such as the halides.

Related pages
-------------

* Side chain
* Functional groups are a subset of substituents
**Tosin "OloriSuperGal" Ajibade** (Oluwatosin Ajibade; born 17 February 1987) is a blogger and publicist from Nigeria. She is known as *OloriSuperGal*.

She created entertainment website, *OloriSuperGal.com* and it became one of the most popular in Nigeria.

Early life and education
------------------------

Tosin was born on 17 February 1987 in Nigeria. She studied at the Lagos State University and the School of Media and Communications, Pan-Atlantic University in Nigeria.

Media work
----------

Tosin Ajibade is known for her lifestyle and entertainment website, OloriSuperGal.com in Nigeria as well as a South African edition. Tosin began working as a publicist in 2009. She created her blog in 2010. In 2011, she was hired at BlackHouse Media as their web manager but left in 2012 to focus on blogging. While starting off her blog, she worked with several media houses such as The Net NG, Acada Magazine and Laff Mattaz Incorporated owned by Gbenga Adeyinka the 1st.

In 2014, Tosin Ajibade became one of the YNaija’s 100 Most Influential Women in Nigeria and her blog is considered today as one of the most reputable and popular in Nigeria.

She is the organizer of the New Media Conference which has been held annually in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. The conference focuses on new media capabilities, such as in online/digital possibilities.

Social work
-----------

Ajibade has used her blog to call attention to societal issues especially as it affects women and girls. A clear instance is the sexual assault story of a Queen's College, Lagos student by her teacher which she published. The news went viral and caught the attention of the relevant authorities.

Awards and nominations
----------------------

In 2015, Ajibade was named in the Nigeria’s 100 Most Influential Women List curated by YNaija. In 2016, she won The Future Awards Africa Prize for New Media.

Published work
--------------

Tosin Ajibade is an author of two books, From Social Misfit To Social Media Hero (2018) and The Influencer Blueprint (2020).
New born baby being treated for jaundice
**Jaundice** (also called **icterus**) is when the skin and the whites of the eyes become a yellow color. People with jaundice have a problem with their liver, which stops it from removing heme properly. Heme (from hemoglobin) changes to a chemical called bilirubin after red blood cell death. Bilirubin causes the yellow coloring of the skin. Jaundice is common in newly born babies. It usually starts the second day after birth.

Jaundice can also be caused by other diseases, like malaria, hepatitis, or gallstones.

Jaundice is the most common of all liver problems. The yellow colour of the skin and mucous membranes happens because of an increase in the bile pigment, bilirubin, in the blood.

The bile, made by the liver, is a vital digestive fluid needed for proper nutrition. It also stops decaying changes in food. If the bile is stopped from entering the intestines there is an increase in gases and other products. Normally, the production of bile and its flow is constant.

Types of Jaundice
-----------------

There are three types of jaundice:

* haemolytic jaundice - caused by destruction of red blood cells. This causes increased bilirubin formation and anaemia
* obstructive jaundice - caused by a blockage in the pathway where bilirubin is made in the liver cells and where bile goes into the duodenum
* hepatocellular jaundice - caused by damage to liver cells. The damage could be from a viral infection or toxic drugs.

Yellow discoloration of the skin and the whites of the eyes happens in all types of jaundice.

* Always wanting to suck on peoples toes.

Symptoms
--------

The symptoms of jaundice are:

* extreme weakness
* headache
* fever
* loss of appetite
* tiredness
* severe constipation
* nausea
* yellow coloration of the eyes, tongue, skin and urine.
* dull pain in the liver region.
* Obstructive jaundice may also cause intense itching.

Causes
------

Jaundice is a sign that the liver is not working. It may be caused by a blockage of the bile ducts which release bile salts and pigment into the intestines. The bile then gets mixed with blood and this gives a yellow colour to the skin. The blockage of the bile ducts could be caused by:

* gallstones
* inflammation (swelling) of the liver, called hepatitis. This is caused by a virus. The virus can spread and may lead to epidemics caused by:
	+ overcrowding
	+ dirty surroundings
	+ insanitary conditions
	+ contamination of food and water.

Other causes of jaundice are pernicious anaemia and diseases affecting the liver such as typhoid, malaria, yellow fever and tuberculosis.
**"Hit the Road Jack"** is a rhythm and blues song from the 1960s.

History
-------

Percy Mayfield wrote and sang "Hit the Road, Jack" in 1960. 

Ray Charles made the song famous. Ray Charles's song was number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in fall of 1961. 

The song is ranked #377 on the Rolling Stone magazine's list of *The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time*.

The first recording was a cappella. Ray Charles did it with his lover, Margie Hendrix. The song uses what is known as Andalusian cadence. 

Today, there are many versions. Richard Anthony did a version in French, Monica Zetterlund one in Swedish.

Lyrics
------

The chorus of the song is:

Hit the road, Jack, and don't you come back no more, no more, no more, no more.
Hit the road, Jack, and don't you come back no more.
The words of this song are not standard English. In standard English, the words could be "Hit the road, Jack, and don't come back again" or "Hit the road, Jack, and don't come back anymore"

In this context, "hit the road" is an idiom meaning "get lost," as the following words indicate.

Recording Details
-----------------

For the most popular recording

* Title: "Hit the Road Jack"
* Artist: Single by Ray Charles
* B-side: "The Danger Zone"
* Released: September 1961
* Format: 7", 45rpm
* Genre: R&B
* Length: 2:00
* Label: ABC
* Writer(s): Percy Mayfield
The **Government of Argentina** is a representative, republican and federal democracy. It is regulated by the current constitution. The President of Argentina is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the President.

Overview
--------

Argentina was formed by the federative union of the provinces that emerged after the dissolution of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, and by the incorporation of those that were constituted from the national territories established as a result of the conquest of large territories natives. 

Due to the federal nature of its political organization, Argentina has two parallel government structures: on the one hand, the national structure, with its three powers, and on the other hand the 23 provincial structures -which pre-exist the Nation- plus that of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, which have autonomy and are governed by three powers in each case.

Headquarters
------------

The authorities of the federal government have their headquarters in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. It is currently the "Capital of the Republic" or "Capital of the Nation", denominations used in the national Constitution and in the federalization law, but called the usual way Capital Federal.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Government of Argentina***.

* Official website Edit this at Wikidata
* (in Spanish) Text of the Constitution
* (in Spanish) Supreme Court of Justice of Argentina Archived 2021-05-05 at the Wayback Machine

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**Luciana Andrade** (Varginha, 18 September 1978), better known as Lu Andrade, is a Brazilian singer, songwriter and presenter. In 2002 she won the talent show "Popstars" and joined the Brazilian girl group "Rouge" until 2004, with which she recorded two of the four studio albums released in the group's career, Rouge (2002) and C'est La Vie (2003). In 2004 she left the band alleging lack of identification with the group's musical style, which sold a total of 6 million copies and became the most successful female group in Brazil and one of the twenty that sold the most in the world.

In 2004, after leaving the group, Luciana returned to her parents' home in Varginha, where she stayed for a few months without giving statements to the press. In 2005 she returned to São Paulo to study music and improve her musical ideology. She worked as a supporting vocal for Negra Li, Nasi, Furto, Forgotten Boys, Sérgio Britto, and Eric Silver. In 2007 Luciana was invited to become a reporter for the "Show Total" program, on the subscription channel TVA, where she stayed until 2009. In 2010 she made her debut on the stage of the theater in the musical "Into The Woods", Brazilian version of Broadway. In 2012 he debuts his second tour, entitled Tour O Amor eo Tempo. In 2012 he released his first single, "Mind and Heart", releasing the second, "Amanheceu", in 2014.

In 2015 she formed the project Duo Elétrico together with guitarist Ciro Visconti, playing several covers of rock bands, in addition to becoming the vocalist of the return of the band Aries on the commemorative tour of 25 years. In 2016, reconciling with her work in music, she became a presenter of the program Programa Acesso Cultural, shown online, in addition to becoming a singing instructor at the Conservatory Souza Lima, where she had studied music 15 years before.

In 2017, she returned to the Rouge group for initially four shows as part of the Chá da Alice project, and shortly thereafter, she joined the group definitively, starting in 2018 a tour with the group, in addition to releasing a new single. In 2018 integrates the participants of the talent show Dancing Brasil.
Silvio Barbato in 2008
**Silvio Sergio Bonaccorsi Barbato** (born Candeias (Minas Gerais) (Brazil), 11 May 1959; died either in or over the mid-Atlantic Ocean, on the Air France Flight 447, 1 June 2009) was an Italian-Brazilian opera conductor and composer.

Life
----

He studied conducting at the University of Brasília and composition in Milan. He started his conducting career when he was 25 with a performance of Puccini's opera *Tosca*. He also helped to bring other operas to places in the middle of the Brazilian rainforest. He directed the music in a film about the Brazilian composer Heitor Villa-Lobos called *Uma Vida di Paixao* (*A Life of Passion*). In Rio de Janeiro he conducted operas which included world-famous singers such as Montserrat Caballé, Robert Alagna and Angela Gheorghiu. He also conducted choral works such as Berlioz's *L'enfant du Christ*.

Barbato was travelling to Kiev where he was due to conduct and teach. He was on board an Air France aeroplane flying from Rio de Janeiro to Paris early on 1 June 2009 when it mysteriously crashed over the Atlantic Ocean.
**Antônio Carlos Jobim** (25 January 1927 – 8 December 1994) was a Brazilian musician of the 20th century. He was a songwriter, composer, singer and pianist/guitarist. He and João Gilberto developed bossa nova as a genre of music. He is a co-creator of bossa nova. He is widely known as the composer of "The girl from Ipanema". The representative album *Wave* counts among his major works. Besides, He created much great bossa nova music. His songs have been performed by many singers and instrumentalists and loved by people.

His life and music
------------------

Antônio Carlos Jobim was born in the Tijuca, in Rio de Janeiro. He came from a prominent family. After his parents separated, he was raised in Ipanema. At the age of ten, he started to play piano and compose. His life as a musician began at the age of 20. As a 20-year-old, Jobim earned his living by playing in night clubs before achieving success.

Jobim made his name as a musician when he teamed up with poet and diplomat Vinícius de Moraes to write the music for the play *Orfeu de Conceição* (1956). That time, A Felicidade, Frevo, and Nosso Amor were composed. A key event in making Jobim's music known in the world was his collaboration with saxophonist Stan Getz, João Gilberto. Especially Jobim wrote many of the songs with Getz/Gilberto, which became one of the best-selling jazz albums of all time.

His songs "The Girl from Ipanema" and "Corcovado" also became sensations. Getz/Gilberto won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. "The Girl from Ipanema" won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1965.

Jobim is one of the most important songwriters of the 20th century. Jobim's song has sophisticated harmonic structures. Some of his melodic twists, like the melody insisting on the major seventh of the chord, became common use in jazz and easy listening music after him.

Due to his fame in his country, the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro changed the name of Galeão International Airport to Rio de Janeiro–Antonio Carlos Jobim International Airport.

Jobim was hospitalised in New York City from a urinary tract infection in late November 1994. He underwent surgery on 2 December 1994, and while recovering developed a pulmonary embolism. He died from cardiac arrest at the hospital on six days later on 8 December at the age of 67.
**Flatfish** are a type of fish. There are several different kinds of flatfish. Some of them are fished commercially, like flounder, sole, turbot, plaice, and halibut.

All flatfish are rather flat, and are ray-finned fish. During their evolution, their eyes have moved so that they are on the same side, which the fish keeps uppermost. They swim like this, and can hide in the sand waiting for prey on the ocean floor. They have a capacity for dynamic camouflage, which is under nervous control, and can change in 'real time' to match their background.

The Order Pleuronectiformes is in the infraclass Teleostei. But it is best to look upon it as a group of fish which are adapted to the same habitat. They share those features which suit their life-style. They have both eyes on one side of the head: the upper side. This is their main adaptation to living on the seabed (benthos). Other distinguishing features are the protrusible eyes: they can stick the eyes up a bit to see round.

Evolution
---------

Fossil of *Amphistium* with one eye at the top-center of the head
The flatfish life-style or 'habit' evolved several times independently, and so the group is polyphyletic. Their young are perfectly symmetrical, but the head is remodelled during a metamorphosis. One eye moves to the other side, close to the other eye. Some species have both eyes on the left (turbot), some on the right (halibut, sole); all living and most fossil flatfish to date show an 'eyed' side and a 'blind' side.

Charles Darwin predicted a gradual migration of the eye in evolution, mirroring the metamorphosis of the living forms. A recent examination of two fossil species from the Eocene shows "the assembly of the flatfish bodyplan occurred in a gradual, stepwise fashion". The intermediate stages survived for quite a long time: over two geological stages. They are found in sites together with flatfish with the full cranial asymmetry. That shows the intermediate stages were at no particular disadvantage. Eventually, the more complete forms did survive. The evolution of flatfish falls squarely within the evolutionary synthesis.

*Amphistium* is a 50-million-year-old fossil fish which has been identified as an early relative of the flatfish, and as a transitional fossil. In *Amphistium*, the transition from the typical symmetrical head of a vertebrate is incomplete, with one eye placed near the top-center of the head. Paleontologists concluded that "the change happened gradually, in a way consistent with evolution by natural selection.

Today a large number of fish from various groups are flatfish. One report says over 800 species in 16 families of fish are flatfish.
The Waimakariri River in the South Island of New Zealand is a braided river
A marvellous photo of a flat plain bearing a braided river in Poland: 
The Narew at Strękowa Góra
The White River in Washington State 
A **braided river** is a network of small channels separated by islands that are often not fixed. In other words, the river channels wander across a flat area.

Braided rivers are found in places where the river carries a lot of sediment, and when it slows down and spreads out. The river delta of the Amazon River is a good example on a huge scale, and the Waimakariri River is a good example on a smaller scale.

Large systems
-------------

Large braided river systems are found around the world:

* Alaska
* Canada
* New Zealand's South Island
* the Himalayas

All these regions contain young mountains that erode quickly.

Europe has three notably braided rivers: the Narew, in Poland and Belarus, the Tagliamento in northeastern Italy and the Vjosa River in Albania and Greece.

Related pages
-------------

* Meander

Other websites
--------------

* Media related to Braided rivers at Wikimedia Commons
Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon 1919
[[File:1912 evening dress.jpg|thumb|Evening dress, Spring 1913, Lucile (1863–1935) V&A Dawn O Gordon
Age 61 / Jul 1962
Portland, OR
Full Name: Dawn O Gordon
Known as: Dawn Gordon Orpha Gordon Dawn Anderson Dawn O'Gordon Dawn O'Anderson
Related to: Clara Anderson Marilyn Anderson, 56 Leo Anderson, 64 Alton Anderson, 89
Phones: (808) 933-1595 (503) 786-4094
Addresses: Portland, OR 224 Hokulani St, Hilo, HI 96720 Hawi, HI Carson, CA Papaikou, HI 2872 SE Laurel St, Portland, OR 97267
Age: 61
Occupation: Teacher's assistant for introduction to women's studies course

Duff-Gordon was born in London, and died at 71 in Putney, London, of breast cancer. She also survived the RMS Titanic disaster in April 1912.

Fashion innovations
-------------------

Using the first professional models, Lucy started the fashion show known as a "mannequin parade". These were the first runway or catwalk-style shows. She launched slit skirts and low necklines. She popularized less restrictive corsets, and simpler lingerie.

Duff-Gordon opened branches of her London house, *Lucile Ltd*, in Paris, New York City, and Chicago, dressing royal and noble clients, and stage and film personalities.

Books
-----

* Duff-Gordon, Lucy 1932. *Discretions and indiscretions*. Jarrolds. Her autobiography.
*The Last Judgment* painted by Stefan Lochner in the 15th century.
In the Christian religion, **The Day of Judgment** is the day in the future when all people who are living or dead will be judged by God. It is often known as the **Last Judgment, Final Judgment, Judgment Day, Doomsday**, or sometimes it is called **The Day of the Lord**.

Beliefs of the early Christians
-------------------------------

In the Torah the prophets had said that one day God would send His son to forgive people for the wrong things they had done and to save their souls. In the early years of the Christian church people thought that, although Jesus Christ had now visited the world and died for us on the cross, salvation will only be completed when the world ends and all people alive or dead will face God who will judge them.

References to the Day of Judgment in the Bible
----------------------------------------------

The Day of the Lord is mentioned several times in the Old Testament (e.g. Book of Ezekiel chapter 13 v.5 and Isaiah chapter 2 v.12). In the New Testament the coming of Christ as Judge of the world is mentioned very often. In Paul’s letters and in the Revelation to John, then Christians who are saved by their faith in Jesus will reign with Christ. When Christ comes, His arrival will be announced by a trumpet call. He will come down from heaven. All the people who are alive will stay alive, and all the people who are dead will become alive again.

Christ’s Second Coming is talked about in the ancient creeds. In the Apostles' Creed it says: "He ascended into heaven...From thence He shall come to judge the living and the dead". In the Nicene Creed it says: "He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead".

The Day of Judgment in art
--------------------------

This belief about the Day of Judgment has inspired many painters throughout the ages to draw or paint the Second Coming of Christ. One of the most famous is Michelangelo’s painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome.

Related pages
-------------

* Eschatology

Further reading
---------------

* New Encyclopaedia Britannica vol 16 p. 369
**Joseph Trapanese** (born August 7, 1984) is an American composer, arranger and producer.

Early life and education
------------------------

Trapanese was born in Perth Amboy, New Jersey to Italian American parents and raised in Jersey City, New Jersey. Trapanese attended Dr. Ronald E. McNair Academic High School before moving on to the Manhattan School of Music.

Film and television music
-------------------------

### Early career

Trapanese began his composing career by collaborating with Daft Punk on the soundtrack for the Walt Disney Pictures film *Tron: Legacy*.

### 2011-present

Trapanese has gone on to compose numerous projects including Disney XD's animated series *Tron: Uprising*, Sony Pictures Classics' *The Raid: Redemption*, Sony Pictures Television's original web series *The Banner Way*, the independent feature *Mamitas* and numerous scores for live-action and animated films from University of California, Los Angeles's School of Theatre, Film and Television.

Influences
----------

Trapanese stated composers like 
Jerry Goldsmith, Christophe Beck, Alan Menken, Michael Giacchino, Hans Zimmer, Peter Bernstein, Lalo Schifrin, Henry Mancini, Ennio Morricone, Bernard Herrmann, Howard Shore, Bill Conti, John Powell, Randy Newman, Michael Kamen, Giampaolo Bracali, Paul Chihara, Roger Bourland, Jack Smalley, Martin Bresnick, Louis Andriessen, Aaron Jay Kernis, Julia Wolfe, Mark Snow, Ira Newborn, Marco Beltrami, Joel McNeely, Elmer Bernstein, John Williams and James Horner as influences.

Music collaboration with artists
--------------------------------

Following his collaboration with Daft Punk on *Tron: Legacy*, M83 on *Oblivion*, and Mike Shinoda (Linkin Park on The Raid: Redemption*, Trapanese continues to work with artists in film scoring, album production, and live albums.*

Music for live theater
----------------------

The music Trapanese has produced for theater is performed primarily in New York City, most notably in productions by The Actors Company Theatre.

Awards and honors
-----------------

* In 2012, Joseph has nominated for an IFMCA Award for Breakthrough Film Composer of the Year' by the International Film Music Critics Association

Other websites
--------------

* Joseph Trapanese on IMDb

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**Kelvin Doe** (born October 26, 1996, in Freetown, Sierra Leone), is a Sierra Leonian engineer.

Kelvin Doe with his Kano computer kit in Sierra Leone back in 2013.

Career
------

Born in a poor area of Freetown, Sierra Leone, Kelvin Doe is the youngest of five. The area lacked electricity and water, and it was so unreliable that the lights would only come on once a week. At the age of 10 he started collecting old devices and scrap metal to create something new out of it. He would do this by taking apart the old devices to see how they work, and then piece them back together as new inventions that came straight out of his mind. He built batteries and transmitters out of discarded pieces of scrap. Later he participated in GMin’s Innovate Salone idea competition, where he got to the finals and built a generator from scrap metal. He used the living room as his workstation where he built batteries for power lamps, and generators for electricity when it was not available.  

He made a radio transmitter and started his own radio station under the name **DJ Focus**. The inspiration for the name came from his belief that with focus, anyone can acheive what they strive for.  Kelvin was only 15 years old when he built the radio station, which he used to broadcast news, music and messages for peace and unity to his community. Kevin built the generator that powered the radio station. He built it of scrap metal, acid and soda. He later has continued to create and innovate. 
Kelvin now owns and runs his own tech company as a CEO. The company is called "K-Doe Tech, Inc" where he designs and sells consumer electronics.

Recognition
-----------

Kelvin has won many international awards. One of them is called "the presidential Gold Medal". Because of his great accomplishments, he received an invitation to the United States. He was invited to participate in a program in the famous technology university called   The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is the youngest person to have participated at this program.
**Friedrich "Fritz" Hartnagel** (born February 4, 1917 in Ulm; died April 29, 2001 in Stuttgart) was a lawyer and soldier of the Wehrmacht during World War II. In the 1950s, Hartnagel, then a judge in Stuttgart, campaigned against the rearmament of the Federal Republic. He was Sophie Scholl's (unofficial) fiancée.

Early Life and Relationship with Sophie Scholl
----------------------------------------------

When Hitler first came to power Hartnagel was entranced by him and his vision for Germany. He volunteered for an officer career in the spring of 1936 after an early Abitur and was a professional officer of the Wehrmacht until the end of World War II.

In 1937, Hartnagel met Sophie Scholl at a dance event. Under Scholl's influence and after experiences on the front (including in the Battle of Stalingrad), Hartnagel changed from an enthusiastic soldier to an opponent of war and Nazi dictatorship. He supported the resistance activities with news about the course of the war and war crimes and with amounts of money (including 1000 Reichsmarks) although he never officially joined any reistance movements.

After the execution of Hans and Sophie on the 22nd February 1943 Hartnagel assisted the Scholl family. After the remaining Scholl family members were put into Sippenhaft (clan arrest), Hartnagel appealed for clemency for the Scholl family. After they were released, he supported them financially.

After the War
-------------

On April 14, 1945, Hartnagel was captured by US troops and kept as a prisoner of war until September 1945. In October 1945, he married Sophie's sister Elisabeth Scholl, who he had grown close to after Sophie's execution.

In 1946, Hartnagel began law studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich (the same college Sophie Scholl had gone to.) He completed his studies and became a judge. He died on April 29, 2001, at the age of 84.
**Alessandro "Sandro" Pertini** (Italian: [alesˈsandro (ˈsandro) perˈtiːni]; 25 September 1896 – 24 February 1990) was an Italian journalist and socialist politician. He served as the seventh President of the Italian Republic. He served as President from 1978 to 1985.

Early life
----------

Pertini was born in Stella, Italy. He studied at the University of Genoa. Aged 19 when Italy entered World War I on the side of the Entente, Pertini opposed the war, but enlisted in the army where he served as a lieutenant and was decorated for bravery. Pertini was married to Carla Voltolina.

Presidency
----------

In 1978, the 82-year old Pertini was elected President of the Italian Republic. He played a major role in helping restore the public's faith in the government and institutions of Italy. 

He maintained an active schedule of traveling and meeting foreign leaders such as Margaret Thatcher, Mikhail Gorbachev, Joseph Broz Tito, and Ronald Reagan. 

During the Brigate Rosse terrorism period of the Anni di piombo, Pertini openly denounced the violence. He was also against organized crime in Italy, South African apartheid, Chilean president Augusto Pinochet and other dictatorships. Pertini was as well against the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan. 

In 1985, he stepped down from the presidency. He was soon honored with the position of senator for life.

Personal life
-------------

Pertini became President of the Foundation for Historical Studies of Florence. In December 1988, Pertini was the first person to be awarded the Otto Hahn Peace Award by the United Nations. He lived in Rome, Italy. 

### Death

Pertini died in Rome, Italy from natural causes, aged 93.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Sandro Pertini at Wikimedia Commons

* *Fondazione Sandro Pertini*
Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Emperor Bảo Đại***.

**Bảo Đại** (22 October 1913 – 30 July 1997) was the last king of Vietnam. He was the 13th and last king of the Nguyễn Dynasty. He was the leader of the country during World War II.

Bảo Đại ruled as the King of Annam from 1926 to 1945. Japan briefly took control of Vietnam in 1945, and Bảo Đại was made Emperor of Vietnam but with little real power. France took back control of Vietnam in 1949 as the State of Vietnam. Bảo Đại served as Chief of State from then to 1955, but the French had the real power.

Early Life
----------

Bảo Đại was born on 22 October 1913 and given the name of Prince Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thụy in the Palace of Doan-Trang-Vien. He was sent to France to be educated. On 8 January 1926, he was made the emperor after his father's death and took the name Bảo Đại (Protector of Grandeur).

Independence and abdication
---------------------------

In 1940, during the WW2, Imperial Japan took over French Indochina. In 1945, the Japanese made Bảo Đại into declaring Vietnamese independence from France as a member of Japan's sphere of influence; the country then became the Empire of Vietnam. The Japanese surrendered to the Allies in August 1945, the Viet Minh aimed to take power in Vietnam. Due to Hồ Chí Minh's popular political stand against the French and the 1945 famine, he was able to persuade Bảo Đại to abdicate and hand over power to the communists.

Return to Power
---------------

Bảo Đại was a advisor during the First Indochina War. During the war, he signed many treaties which made him very unpopular.

After the First Indochina War, a peace deal was made to split Vietnam into two, with State of Vietnam receiving the South. Bảo Đại remained "Head of State" of South Vietnam, but moved to Paris and appointed Ngô Đình Diệm as his prime minister.

Second Removal From Power
-------------------------

A rigged referendum made Ngô Đình Diệm the president of the new Republic of Vietnam, so Bảo Đại was removed from power.
Two consumer-grade walkie-talkies (PMR446-type)
Some Walkie-talkies
How the back-pack version was used.
Noemfoor, Dutch New Guinea, July 1944. A US soldier (foreground) uses a handie-talkie during a battle. (Photographer: Allan F. Anderson)
A **walkie-talkie** is a hand held two way radio receiver/transmitter or transceiver. It was developed in the  Second World War. 

Radio engineer Alfred J. Gross worked on the early technology behind the walkie-talkie between 1934 and 1941. During the war it was developed by Donald L. Hings and engineering teams at Motorola led by Henryk Magnuski.

Typical walkie-talkies today are phone sized and have a push-to-talk button. Walkie-talkies are used for various reasons, in the military, for amateur radio, and for personal use.

History
-------

The first walkie-talkie was so large it had to be carried in a backpack, and was called Motorola SCR-300. Motorola also made other Walkie-talkies during World War Two. During World War Two The first hand-held Walkie-talkies were also developed by Motorola during WWII.

### Development

The idea of walkie-talkies did not get much interest until the war started in 1939. After a few years, the Motorola team had improved them so that the army could use them. There were also vehicle and tank versions. The British, Germans, and Americans all had their own versions. 

Motorola also produced the hand-held AM SCR-536 radio during World War II, and it was called the "**handie-talkie**" (HT). The terms are often confused today, but the original walkie talkie referred to the back mounted model, while the handie-talkie was the device which could be held entirely in the hand (but had vastly reduced range).

Uses
----

Walkie-talkies are widely used in many settings, including business, police force, military, and recreation.
**Fotbal Club Botoșani** (usually just called **FC Botoșani** or **Botoșani**) is a professional Romanian association football club from Botoşani, Romania. Since the 2016–17 season, they play in the Liga I. It is the first club from Botoşani County to be promoted to the top league.

The club was formed in 2001 as **Fotbal Club Botoșani**. They started in the started in Divizia C, Serie I. They quickly made it to the Liga I after finishing 1st in the 2012–13 Liga II season.

The club plays at the Stadionul Municipal, which has a capacity of around 12,000 people. Supporter groups include the "Dark Hooligans", "Renegatii" and "BT Pride". They have a historical rivalry with Rapid CFR Suceava, but have recently grown to be rivals with Municipal Studențesc Iași as well.

The club's colours are red, white and blue. The home kit is usually white, while the away kit is generally blue.

Honours
-------

**Liga II**

**Winners (1):** 2012–13
**Liga III**

**Winners (1):** 2003–04

Other websites
--------------

* Official website
* Official Facebook profile
* FC Botoșani at Liga Profesionistă de Fotbal
The Temple of the Church, in Eldorado
The **Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints** (FLDS) is a religious group. It broke from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, a Mormon movement, in the 19th or early 20th century. In 1890, the Latter-Day Saints stopped accepting polygamy.

A few people who believed polygamy was an important part of their religion started the new church. They taught that a man needs more than one wife to be able to get to heaven.

It is believed the church had about 10,000 members in 2009. These live in the sister cities of Hildale, Utah and Colorado City, Arizona; as well as Eldorado, Texas; Westcliffe, Colorado; Mancos, Colorado; Creston and Bountiful, British Columbia; and Pringle, South Dakota.

In the news
-----------

The church has been in the news because its leader, Warren Steed Jeffs was arrested in southern Nevada in August 2006. Jeffs was arrested because he was accused of rape and molestation. At the time, Jeffs was on the FBI's Ten Most-Wanted list.

There has been another incident in 2008.
Beginning April 4, 2008, over a four-day period, troopers and child welfare officials searched the church's ranch. They took 416 children into the temporary custody of the State of Texas. Originally officials from the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services took 18 girls into temporary custody of the state. They acted because of a phone call from the ranch- it looks like a 16-year-old girl called the police to report she had been raped. She also said she had been married at age 15 to a 49-year-old man, Dale Evans Barlow. On the following day, Judge Barbara Walther of the 51st District Court issued an order authorizing officials to remove all children, including boys, 17 years old and under out of the compound. The children were being held by the Child Protective Services 45 miles away, north of the ranch. 133 women also voluntarily left the ranch with the children. The 16-year-old girl who alerted the authorities could not be located at the time of the raid. It looks like the call was made by a woman in her thirties, who gave a false identity. This woman is known by local police, as she has done similar things before. The woman was arrested for making the call (that triggered the raid) in April.
The Unit Circle can be used to model every Trigonometric function.
In mathematics, a unit circle is a circle with a radius of 1. The equation of the unit circle is {\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}=1}. The unit circle is centered at the Origin, or coordinates (0,0). It is often used in Trigonometry.

Trigonometric functions in the unit circle
------------------------------------------

In a unit circle, where {\displaystyle t} is the angle desired, x and y can be defined as {\displaystyle \cos(t)=x} and {\displaystyle \sin(t)=y}. Using the function of the unit circle, {\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}=1}, another equation for the unit circle is found, {\displaystyle \cos ^{2}(t)+\sin ^{2}(t)=1}. When working with trigonometric functions, it is mainly useful to use angles with measures between 0 and {\displaystyle \pi \over 2} radians, or 0 through 90 degrees. It is possible to have higher angles than that, however. Using the unit circle, two identities can be found: {\displaystyle \cos(t)=\cos(2\cdot \pi k+t)} and {\displaystyle sin(t)=\sin(2\cdot \pi k+t)} for any integer k.

The unit circle can substitute variables for trigonometric functions.
**Robert Jermain Thomas** (c. 17 September 1840 – disappeared 31 August 1866) was a Welsh Protestant Christian man who served as a missionary with the London Missionary Service spreading the gospel in China and Korea. While serving as a missionary in China, Thomas developed a strong desire to work as a missionary in Korea, among it's peoples.  
 At the time, Korea was closed to foreigners because of the government's fear of foreign influence on Korea. Many Koreans had been converted by Catholic priests in the end of the 18th century, but the government had around 8,000 of those converts killed.

Biography
---------

Robert Jermain Thomas was born c. 17 September 1840, in Rhayader, Powys, Radnorshire, Wales, United Kingdom. In 1863, Thomas married a woman named Caroline Godfrey. 
Thomas and his newly married wife Godfrey went as missionaries to China with the London Missionary Service to spread the gospel to the Chinese people. Four months after their arrival in Shangai, China, his wife Godfrey suffered a miscarriage and died afterwards from the consequences in 1865.

Death
-----

31 August 1866 was the day that the Americans had begin launching attacks on Korea. American ships not far from the shores of Korea began attacking the shores and later towns of Korea. Some civilians were wounded and killed due to the attacks. In response to the attacks, Korea began attacking the American ships that attacked them. This started a conflict between Korea and the United States. Meanwhile, Robert Jermain Thomas was in Korea. 
The entire battle lasted two days. Two days after the attack began, the Americans having a damaged ship due to the Korean attacks had surrendered on 2 September. After those attacks, Roman Jermain Thomas was not seen again. It is possible that he died due to the attacks. He was last seen on 31 August 1866 (the day that the conflict had began). He was later declared a proclaimed martyr of Korea.
**Muhammad al-Qaim Bi-Amrillah** (893 - 17 May, 946) (Arabic: محمد القائم بأمر الله) was the second Caliph of the Fatimids in Ifriqiya and ruled from 934 to 946. He is the 12th Imam according to Isma'ili Faatemi faith.

Al-Qaim (sometimes also spelled **Ka'im**) was born in Salamya in Syria in 895 with the name Abd ar-Rahman. After his father Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah (910-934) seized power in Ifriqiya he was named heir to the throne in 912, and helped put down several revolts. But campaigns into Egypt failed because of the resistance of the Abbasids (914-915 and 919-921).

In 934 Al-Qaim succeeded his father as Caliph. The Fatimid realm became an important power in the Mediterranean. After the re-conquest of Sicily the Byzantine province of Calabria and the coast of Italy and France were 
plundered
. 

But from 944 to 947 there was a crisis by the revolt of Abu Yazid, who had united the Kharijite Berber tribes of eastern Algeria and overrun Ifriqiya. Imam Al-Qaim was able to hold out in Mahdia with the help of the navy for over a year, but died (17 May 946) before the revolt could be put down. 

He was succeeded by his son Ismail al-Mansur (946-953).
He died on 13 th Shawwal 334 AH (Mahdiyya)/ 17th May 946 AD

Other websites
--------------

* Imam al-Qaaim, the 12th Fatimi Imam. Archived 2006-02-10 at the Wayback Machine
* J. J. Saunders. "The Turkish Irruption". *A History of Medieval Islam*. Routledge. Retrieved 2007-08-25.

|
|  |
| Preceded byUbayd Allah al-Mahdi |  **Fatimid Caliph**934–946 | Succeeded byAl-Mansur |
For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation).
A **Christian** (/ˈkrɪstʃən, -tiən/ (audio speaker iconlisten)) is a person who believes in Christianity, a monotheistic religion. Christianity is mostly about the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, in the New Testament and interpreted or prophesied in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. Christianity is the world's largest religion, with 2.1 billion followers around the world.

Views of the Bible
------------------

Christians consider the Holy Bible to be a sacred book, inspired by God. The Holy Bible is a combination of the Hebrew Bible, or Torah, and a collection of writings called the New Testament. Views on the importance of these writings vary. Some Christian groups prefer to favor the New Testament, while others believe the entire Bible is equally important. Also, while many Christians prefer to consider the Bible as fully true, not all Christian groups believe that it is completely accurate. 

### Who is a Christian?

The question of "Who is a Christian?" can be very difficult. Christians often disagree over this due to their differences in opinion on spiritual matters. In countries where most persons were baptized in the state church or the majority Christian church, the term "Christian" is a default label for citizenship or for "people like us".
In this context, religious or ethnic minorities can use "Christians" or "you Christians" as a term for majority members of society who do not belong to their group - even in a very secular (though formally Christian) society.

Persons who are more devoted the their Christian faith prefer not to use the word so broadly, but only use it to refer to those who are active in their Christian religion and really believe the teachings of Jesus and their church. In some Christian movements (especially Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism), to be a **born-again Christian** is to undergo a "spiritual rebirth" by believing in the Bible's teachings about Jesus and choosing to follow him.

#### Church life

Many Christians choose to go to church. Most Christians believe this to be a sign of their religious devotion to God and an act of worship. However, some Christian groups think that one can be a Christian without ever going to a church. Though there are many different viewpoints on the issue, most Protestants believe all Christians are part of the spiritual church of Christ, whether or not those Christians go to an actual church each week. On the other hand, Catholics in the past have believed that the Holy Catholic Church is the only true church.

Related pages
-------------

* Christianity
* Religion
* Salvation
* Meitei Christians