recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Michiko Nishiura Weglyn** (November 29, 1926 – April 25, 1999) was a Japanese-American activist and clothing designer, whose goal was to raise awareness about concentration camps during World War II. After United States Attorney General Ramsey Clark lied and said that the concentration camps did not exist in the US, Weglyn made it her goal to tell people the truth about the concentration camps.

Early Life
----------

Weglyn was born on November 29, 1926, on her family’s farm in Stockton, California. She was one of two sisters and had a loving mother and father, Tomojiro and Misao Weglyn. Before going to school in the mornings, Weglyn fed the chickens and the horses to prove to her father she was just as useful as a boy. In 1926, boys were often considered more important than girls.

Concentration Camp
------------------

Weglyn was put in a concentration camp, in Gila River, Arizona. This camp was for Japanese Americans during World War II. Many Americans believed that Japanese people were helping Japan, perhaps planning another attack after Pearl Harbor. Later in her life, Weglyn heard the attorney general, Ramsey Clark, deny that America ever had concentration camps. He said that the concentration camps that had affected Weglyn's life never happened. Of course, this was a lie, and Weglyn was telling the truth about her past experiences. Weglyn later decided to write a book called, *Years of Infamy: The Untold Story of America’s Concentration Camps*, to share the horror and torture that she experienced. She wrote to raise awareness. This is why she is considered an activist, who helped inspire others to share their stories.

Life as a Designer
------------------

Weglyn was one of the first Japanese-American female designer known internationally. Throughout her career she made beautiful pieces of clothing to fit actors/actresses needs. She was known as a designer who could hide the actors/actresses flaws.
"Pinoy idol" redirects here. For other uses, see Pinoy idol (disambiguation).
A **P-pop idol** (also called **P-idol**, **Pinoy pop idol**, **Pinoy idols** or **Filipino idol**) is a Filipino singer and dancer that works in P-pop music industry, similar to what Japanese idols are to J-pop.

P-pop idols may be members of a band, but are mostly soloists. They are strongly affected by pop culture from Korea, Taiwan, China and Japan. There are two waves or generations of idols.

SB19 performing "Alab (Burning)" at 6th Wish 107.5 Music Awards in Smart Araneta Coliseum on January 17, 2021

History
-------

During the 2000s and 2010s, the genres of J-pop, K-pop and C-pop began to spread to Western countries. K-pop spread to Southeast Asia and created a huge influence on the Filipino entertainment industry.

P-pop groups imitate many characteristics of J-pop, K-pop and C-pop to become famous, including: fashion style, choreography, music arrangement, etc. However, overseas music sales are not growing as quickly as expected. P-pop trending groups include: Bini, BGYO, SB19 and 1st.One.

In addition, the Japanese group AKB48 brand once decided to expand its reach to Philippines in 2018 and released the group MNL48.

P-pop idols
-----------

### 2018–present

**1st generation**

* MNL48
	+ Baby Blue
* SB19
* Clover
* 1st.One
* BGYO
* Bini
* Luna
* Daydream
* Alamat

Related pages
-------------

* Japanese idol
* P-pop
* J-pop
* K-pop
* C-pop
Nataruk is a prehistoric battle site in Kenya. It is located just southwest of Lake Turkana. It has the bones of people. The bones are from the second oldest battle in human history. The date is about c.7,550–8,550 BC. This battle used arrows and clubs. East of Turkana and near Nataruk, there was the Lake Turkana. The lake is much larger than now. It was important for food: many fish, flamingos, deer, and other animals. The area was full of resources for the hunter gatherers. They left lots of pottery, fishing tools, nets, etc.

Discovery
---------

When archaeologists and scientists studied the bones, they found some severe skeletal damage. The damage was in the ribs, hands, knees, neck, and skull. 27 people were found there; 6 young children, 1 teenager, and 20 adults, but not all of them were wounded. 

The attackers are believed to be using projectiles, or arrows. The arrows made a 'pierced' damage in the bones. Two other weapons were wooden clubs and spiked rocky clubs. 

The battle at Nataruk was not for power, but for survival, as people competed for resources around Lake Turkana (especially when it's full of resources). 

The first archaeological group leader to discover this prehistoric site is *Marta Mirazón Lahr*.
deep-throat fellatio
*Over-the-edge* deep-throating position
**Deep throating** is a form of fellatio, when an erect penis is placed inside a partner's mouth, deep enough to enter the throat. The person whose penis is inserted is normally referred as the receiving partner, and the person who performs deep-throating is referred to as the giving partner.

It is difficult for most people to perform deep-throating, because of the natural gag reflex that happens when the soft palate is touched. Different people have different sensitivities to the reflex, but some people learn to suppress the reflex. 

Usually, the giving partner's tongue is immobilized during deep-throating and they also are not able to suck.

Sex positions
-------------

The position of both partners is important in performing deep throat. For deep-throating, the giving partner's mouth and throat will need to be aligned (made into) into a straight line, and he or she will need to breathe through the nose. It is important for the giving partner to be in a position to control any pelvic thrust during deep-throating, to be able to pull the penis out if needed; and for the receiving partner not to thrust, as during irrumatio.

"Over-the-edge" is a common position for deep-throating. In this position, the giving partner lays on his/her back with the head hanging off the edge of the bed and the receiving partner stands or places himself on his knees in front of the giving partner, with his penis at the giving partner's mouth.

Another position used for deep-throating involves the giving partner sitting on the receiving partner's chest, with his feet or penis in front of the giving partner. 

The 69 position is another position for deep-throating.
Ant-man suit used in the 2015 movie.
**Ant-Man** (real name **Scott Edward Harris Lang**) is a fictional character and superhero who appears in Marvel Comics universe. Scott was a reformed thief who became the second **Ant-Man** after the original superhero, Dr. Henry "Hank" Pym, and later became a member of the Avengers, Guardians of the Galaxy, Nova Corps and Heroes for Hire.

The character was created by David Michelinie and John Byrne, and first appeared in *Avengers #181* in March of 1979, and appeared as Ant-Man in *Marvel Premiere #47* in April of 1979.

Scott Lang in media
-------------------

In the Marvel Cinematic Universe, he is portrayed by Paul Rudd in the titular movie *Ant-Man*, its sequel *Ant-Man and the Wasp*, and is a major character in *Captain America: Civil War*, and *Avengers: Endgame*. He returned in the third *Ant-Man* sequel, which is titled *Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania*.

Crispin Freeman voiced the character in *The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes*. Grant George has famously voiced the character in *Avengers: Assemble* seasons 1-2, *Ultimate Spider-Man*, *Lego Marvel Super Heroes: Avengers Reassembled*, and *Guardians of the Galaxy*, as Josh Keaton voiced him in *Avengers: Secret Wars*, and Disney XD animated shorts.
See also: Noble gas compound
The **noble gases** are a group of elements that are all gases. These elements are all in **group 18** of the periodic table. All of them are monoatomic, meaning each molecule is a single atom. They almost never react with other elements. This is because they have a full 8 electrons outer electron shell. There are six noble gases:

* helium
* neon
* argon
* krypton
* xenon
* radon

All of these gases are found in air. They make up around 0.96% of the atmosphere. Noble gas compounds can be formed from noble gases.

When the noble gases are used in cold cathode tubes to produce light, each of them has a different colour. Since Radon is radioactive, it is usually not used for lighting. Here are pictures of what the others look like:

* HeliumHelium
* NeonNeon
* ArgonArgon
* KryptonKrypton
* XenonXenon

Oganesson (element 118) is probably the next noble gas after Radon because it is the next box down in the same group. However it has a half life of 0.89 ms, after which it decays to Livermorium (Element 116). This means its use is probably limited.

Noble gases were discovered by Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay. Rayleigh won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1904 for his work on noble gas. Ramsay won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 for his work with noble gas.
***Shadow the Hedgehog*** is a 2005 video game. It is a 3D platform game. The game is a spin-off to the *Sonic the Hedgehog* games. It was released for the Nintendo GameCube, PlayStation 2 and Xbox. The game was developed by Sonic Team.

Gameplay
--------

Players play the game as Shadow the Hedgehog. The actions of the player chose the overall story of the gam. If he does more good actions, he can cause Chaos Control. If he does more evil actions, he can cause Chaos Blast. Shadow can drive in vehicles and use guns he can get from enemies such as the Black Arms and G.U.N.

Plot
----

Shadow the Hedgehog was sent by the leader of the Black Arms, Black Doom to find the 7 Chaos Emeralds. Black Doom wants Shadow give the emeralds to him. Shadow has forgotten everythingabout himself. He decides to get the Chaos Emeralds so that he will remember who he is. The game has ten endings. In each ending, Shadow has collected the Chaos Emeralds and learns who he is. Once the ten endings are over, a secret ending can be unlocked. Shadow refuses to give the Chaos Emeralds to Black Doom. He learns that Black Doom is his father. Black Doom spreads nerve gas towards Shadow's friends and becomes Devil Doom. Shadow becomes Super Shadow and must defeat Devil Doom.

Reception
---------

The game was not well liked by critics. Many did not like the game because of the profanity, gun violence and aliens. Some liked the fact that the game was good to play many times due to it many endings. The PlayStation 2 version is known for having more problems. This is the same problem seen with the PlayStation 2 port of *Sonic Heroes*.
**Lord Frederick Michael George David Louis Windsor** (born 6 April 1979) is a member of the British royal family. He is a British financial analyst, and the only son of Prince and Princess Michael of Kent. He is married to British actress Sophie Winkleman. He is currently 52nd in the line of succession to the British throne.

Early life and education
------------------------

Lord Frederick Windsor was born on 6 April 1979 at St Mary's Hospital, London, and christened on 11 July 1979 at the Chapel Royal, St James's Palace, Westminster. As a first cousin once removed of the late Queen Elizabeth II, a first cousin twice removed of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and a second cousin of King Charles III and his siblings, he is 52nd in the line of succession to the British throne.

Lord Frederick and his sister, Lady Gabriella, were raised as members of the Church of England.

He was educated at Wetherby School, Sunningdale, and Eton College, where he was an Oppidan Scholar, then at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he gained a 2:1 degree in Classics.

Personal life
-------------

On St Valentine's Day (14 February) 2009, Lord Frederick became engaged to the actress Sophie Winkleman. They were married at Hampton Court on 12 September 2009.

The couple's first child, Maud Elizabeth Daphne Marina, was born at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center on 15 August 2013 in Los Angeles. She was baptised at St James's Palace in December 2013 and has Princess Eugenie as one of her godparents. Maud acted as a bridesmaid at the wedding of Princess Eugenie and Jack Brooksbank in 2018.

The couple's second child, Isabella Alexandra May, was born on 16 January 2016 at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in London. She was baptised at Kensington Palace in June 2016 with Jamie Oliver, a close friend of her mother, serving as one of the godparents.

Honours
-------

* 6 February 2002: Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal
* 6 February 2012: Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal
* 6 February 2022: Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal
**Take That** are an English boy band from Manchester. They formed in 1990 and between then and 1996, when they broke up, they sold 19 million records.

They reformed in 2006 and went on tour, without Robbie Williams. Williams rejoined the band in 2009, doing the Progress sessions. In 2011 Williams and Take That toured Europe on their Progress Live tour to promote the album. in October of the same year Williams chose to leave the group again to focus on his solo career, however, in 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2020 Williams has performed with the group occasionally.

Jason Orange left Take That in September 2014 and Take That became a 3 piece band. Take That released their seventh album called III in 2014. The band continued as a 3 piece for Wonderland in 2017 and Odyssey in 2018.

Members
-------

**Current**

* Gary Barlow (1990–96, 2005–)
* Mark Owen (1990.–96, 2005–)
* Howard Donald (1990 -1996 2005 -

**Former**

* Robbie Williams (1990–95, 2009–2014)
* Jason Orange (1990–96, 2005–2014)

Albums
------

* *Take That & Party* (1992)
* *Everything Changes* (1993)
* *Nobody Else* (1995)
* *Beautiful World* (2006)
* *The Circus* (2008)
* *Progress* (2010)
* *III* (2014)
* *Wonderland (2017)*
* *Odyssey (2018)*
* *This Life (2023)*

Career
------

Gary Barlow, Mark Owen, Howard Donald, Jason Orange and Robbie Williams were in Take That. Williams left in 1995 after taking drugs and soon the 4 remaining members split up in 1996. Take That returned to the music business in 2005, released their come-back album called Beautiful World and then went on tour in 2006. 2010 saw the return of Williams and in 2011 Take That took a hiatus and Barlow become a judge on the British TV talent show *The X Factor UK* in that year. Donald then became a judge on the German version of the dancing talent show *Got To Dance* in 2013. Williams left the band in 2012. Barlow ended his time on The X Factor UK to focus on the group in 2013. In early 2014 it was announced that the band would release their seventh studio album in late 2014. In September 2014 it was announced that Orange had decided to leave the band. The group then became a 3-piece boy band without Orange or Williams. Their seventh studio album called III was released in 2014. Their first single of III called "These Days" was released in November 2014. The second single of III called "Get Ready For It" was released in January 2015 and was also featured in the 2015 film *Kingsman: The Secret Service*. The third single of III called "Let in the Sun" was released in March 2015.
"New Day (Take That song)"

Other websites
--------------

* TakeThatTV.com Archived 2008-10-09 at the Wayback Machine Official website (Polydor)
* TakeThat.com (SonyBMG)
* TakeThat4ever.dk Danish fan website
Buffet at festival in school 
Buffet at Buffet restaurant 
A breakfast buffet in Japanese Hotel
A **buffet**  is a serve-yourself food system. 

Food is placed in a public area where the diners choose what they want.

Buffets are now usual in many hotels for breakfast, and sometimes for other meals. They are also common at social events, where people stand up to eat and talk.

Buffet restaurants usually offer all-you-can-eat food for a set price. Buffets usually have some hot dishes. The term **cold buffet** (see Smörgåsbord) has been developed to describe buffets lacking hot food. Hot or cold buffets usually involve dishware and utensils, but a **finger buffet** is designed for small pieces taken by hand, such as cupcakes, slices of pizza, foods on cocktail sticks, etc.

The essential feature of the various buffet formats is that the diners can see the food and immediately select which dishes they wish to eat, and usually also can decide how much food they take. Buffets are effective for serving large numbers of people at once, and are often seen in institutional settings, such as business conventions or large parties.

Buffets grade into cafeterias when there is a serving counter and the customer moves with a tray along a track.
**North Gyeongsang Province** is a province in South Korea. Gyeongsang Province divided into North Gyeongsang and South Gyeongsang in 1896.

Daegu was the capital from 1896 to 1981, but Daegu left the province in 1981. The capital changed to Andong in 2016.

North Gyeongsang Province has 19% of South Korea's land.

History
-------

Gyeongsang Province was Jinhan and Byeonhan's territory in ancient times. Later Jinhan became Gaya and Byeonhan became Silla. Since Silla conquered Gaya, all of Gyeongsang Province became Silla's. When Silla collapsed and Goryeo was founded, Dongnambuseosa was established in the Gyeongsang area and it ruled the province. From Goryeo King Hyeonjong's period, the province started to be called Gyeongsang Province. In the Joseon Dynasty, which was founded after Goryeo, Gyeongsang Province was divided into Left Gyeongsang and Right Gyeongsang. In 1895, Gyeongsang Province was replaced by 4 districts. Later, in 1896, the districts were abolished, and today's North Gyeongsang and South Gyeongsang were formed. In 1981 Daegu Metropolitan City separated from the province. In 2023, very bad flooding happened there.

Administrative Districts
------------------------

Currently, North Gyeongsang has 10 cities (*si*) and 13 counties (*gun*).
***Mount & Blade: Warband*** is an expansion to the Action role-playing game video game *Mount & Blade*. First announced in January 2009, the game was made by TaleWorlds Entertainment and was published by Paradox Interactive on March 30, 2010. The game can be downloaded from the TaleWorlds Website and on Steam or through DVD. 

*Warband* adds to the Mount and blade by introducing another faction to the game and also allows players to use political options, and allows the player to start their own faction. *Mount & blade: Warband* also has some multiplayer modes. Reviews of the game are often good, often stating the like for multiplayer.

Gameplay
--------

The main changes to the game was the adding of multiplayer , the adding of a sixth faction, Sarranid Sultanate, and the change of the game map. The adding of political options. A player who is not with a faction to capture a town or castle and start their own faction. The player can travel the map, and fight along the way. The goal is to have one faction controlling all of the map.

### Multiplayer

The multiplayer mode removes all of the RolePlaying and the map from the single-player mode. It focus' more on direct combat with other players. Each player starts new with a basic character, later players can buy weapons, horses and armour, with gold earned by playing. The player's multiplayer and single-player characters are not linked, they were 8 modes.

Downloadable content
--------------------

### *Napoleonic Wars*

*Napoleonic Wars* is a multiplayer-only DLC developed by Flying Squirrel Entertainment for *Mount & Blade: Warband.* It *was* set during the last years of the Napoleonic Wars. The servers can hold up to 200 players it has five selectable nations. It was released on April 19, 2012. 

The multiplayer has different game modes such as team deathmatch, siege, capture the flag, duel, battle, and commander battle, for players to battle on. There are also community-organized events that pit player-created "regiments" against one another. Most of these regiments are based on actual regiments from the Napoleonic Wars. The regiments work together to create organized events, such as line-battles, sieges and groupfighting.
**Lenín Boltaire Moreno Garcés** (born 19 March 1953) is an Ecuadorian politician. Moreno was the 46th President of Ecuador from 2017 until 2021. He was the Vice President of Ecuador from 2007 to 2013, serving under President Rafael Correa. His election as Vice President was well known because as a paraplegic, Moreno was one of the world’s few disabled national leaders. 

On 2 April 2017, Moreno was elected President of Ecuador defeating banker Guillermo Lasso in the 2017 Ecuadorian presidential round-off with 51% of the vote to Lasso's 49%.

On 24 May 2017, Moreno became the world’s only current head of state in a wheelchair.

Early life
----------

Moreno was born in Nuevo Rocafuerte, Orellana Province. He studied at Central University of Ecuador. He married Rocio Gonzalez and together they have three children.

Shooting
--------

On January 3, 1998, two young men approached Moreno in a grocery store parking lot in Quito and told him they wanted his car and his money. He freely gave them his wallet and keys, but one of the men shot him in the back anyway. This incident left Moreno paralyzed.

Vice presidency (2007–2013)
---------------------------

During his first year in the office of Vice President of Ecuador, Moreno investigated the state of disabled people in Ecuador. He also founded the Manuela Espejo Solidarity Mission for the Disabled, which offers rehab, technical help, and psychological support to thousands of disabled Ecuadorians.

Moreno left the Vice Presidency on May 24, 2013 and was succeeded by Jorge Glas. He is the first Ecuadorian vice president to complete his term since 1992.

Honors
------

For his work providing respect and dignity to handicapped people, he was nominated for the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize. Moreno was appointed as Special Envoy on Disability and Accessibility by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in December 2013.

President of Ecuador
--------------------

### 2017 Presidential campaign

In October 1st, 2016, he was nominated to the elections to the Ecuadorian presidency by his party, Alianza País. In February 2017, Moreno and Guillermo Lasso made it to the run-off election which was held on April 2, 2017. Moreno won the election with 51% of the vote to Lasso's 49%. Moreno was then sworn-in as President of Ecuador on 24 May 2017 in Quito.

### Presidency

Though Moreno is a member of the PAIS Alliance, the same party as Rafael Correa, Moreno has taken Ecuador in a different direction than Correa did. Moreno is a more moderate, centrist figure and has restored presidential term limits, improved Ecuador's ties with the United States, and he has distanced himself from Nicolas Maduro's government in Venezuela.

He did not run for re-election in the 2021 election and was replaced by conservative banker Guillermo Lasso who won the election.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Lenín Moreno***.

* VicePresidencia del Ecuador Archived 2017-08-19 at the Wayback Machine
* Lenin Moreno NO gana el Premio Nobel a la Paz y tiene 98% de aprovación
The **Jeep Renegade** is a subcompact crossover SUV. It is built in Melfi, Italy on the same assembly line as the Fiat 500X, which it shares its platform with. The Renegade started production in 2014 as a 2015 model. It is the first Jeep model built only outside of North America. It is sold in South Africa, Europe, North America, and Brazil.

In the US, the Renegade is available in the following trims: Sport, Latitude, Limited, and TrailHawk. All trims except TrailHawk are available with front and four-wheel-drive. The TrailHawk features four-wheel-drive as standard.

The Renegade has two four-wheel drive systems: Active Drive I and Active Drive Low. Both are mated to Jeep's Selec-Terrain System.

Engines
-------

In the US, the Renegade comes powered by the following engines:

* 1.4 L Inline-4 MultiAir Turbo with 119 kW (160 hp; 162 PS) mated to a 6-speed manual transmission
* 2.4 L Inline-4 Tigershark MultiAir2 with 134 kW (180 hp; 182 PS) mated to a 9-speed automatic transmission

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Jeep Renegade***.

* Official Jeep Renegade Site Archived 2015-09-05 at the Wayback Machine
* Latest Jeep Renegade Overview & Pictures[*permanent dead link*]
A Dobsonian telescope
Meade lx 200 a Go-to telescope
A large, modern telescope
A **telescope** (from the Ancient Greek τῆλε, tele "far" and σκοπεῖν, skopein "to look or see"; τηλεσκόπος, teleskopos) makes astronomical objects appear closer to the naked eye. It is an important tool for astronomy that gathers light and directs it to a single point. Some do this with curved mirrors, some with curved lenses, and some with both. Telescopes make distant things look bigger, brighter and closer. Galileo was the first person to use a telescope for astronomy, but he did not invent them. The first telescope was invented in the Netherlands in 1608. Some telescopes, not mainly used for astronomy, are *binoculars,* *camera lenses*, or *spyglasses*.

When telescopes are used with just your eye, an eyepiece has to be used. These use two or more smaller lenses to magnify an image. Without an eyepiece, an eye cannot focus the image. When a telescope is used with a camera or other special scientific tools, eyepiece lenses are not needed. The bigger the aperture (mirror) the more light the telescope collects. It makes faint objects appear clearer.

Most big telescopes for astronomy are made to study very carefully things that are already known. A few are made for searching, such as for unknown asteroids or extrasolar planets. Most big telescopes are made to be used with a CCD (Charge-Coupled Devices) camera instead of just the eye. This is called "Astrophotography". A Go-to telescope is needed to track Deep Sky objects and is placed on an Equatorial Mount for the axis to point towards Polaris, this is called polar alignment.

Telescopes can be used by normal people too, not just scientists. These are amateur telescopes, and they are usually smaller, and they don't cost too much for an amateur to buy. Some of the most popular amateur telescopes are Dobsonians, a type of Newtonian telescope.

The word *telescope* is usually used for light human eyes can see, but there are telescopes for wavelengths we cannot see. Infrared telescopes look like normal telescopes, but have to be kept cold since all warm things give off infrared light. Radio telescopes are like radio antennas, usually shaped like large dishes.

X-ray and Gamma ray telescopes have a problem because the rays go through most metals and glasses. To solve this problem, the mirrors are shaped as many rings inside each other so the rays strike them at a shallow angle and are reflected. These telescopes are space telescopes because little of this radiation reaches the Earth. Other space telescopes are put in orbit so the Earth's atmosphere does not interfere.

Telescopes are mostly used for looking at celestial objects such as, the stars, planets, moons, exoplanets, etc.

Related pages
-------------

* List of telescope types

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Telescope***.

* European Southern Observatory - OWL
* The Resolution of a Telescope Archived 2004-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
* Image of a Telescope
* Telescope -Citizendium
**Manila Sound** is a type of music that started in Manila, Philippines, from the last years of the 1960s to the middle of the 1970s. It is commonly known as the "bright side" of the time of President Ferdinand Marcos because of its cheerful words and was often used in protest to his dictatorship. 

This music type has affected all modern music types in the country as the beginner of Original Pilipino Music (OPM).

Music type
----------

Manila Sound was made famous by a folk rock band called Hotdog. Their songs: *"Ikaw Ang Miss Universe Ng Buhay Ko"* (or "You Are the Miss Universe Of My Life"), *"'Manila'"*, and *"Beh Buti Nga"*; had catchy melody phrases common to the music type. Later, the singer-songwriter, Freddy Aguilar, used the music type with his music to express the suffering of the people. His song, *Bayan Ko*, was popular in protests.

The music type is a mix of Filipino folk music and rock music added with some funk, light jazz, and disco, and is sung in both Tagalog and English languages.

The lyrics are childlike and often humorous caused by the disco fever in that period and in contrast to the oppression by Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos. It is sometimes described as "the marshmallow sound".

Music-makers
------------

### Singers and bands

* APO Hiking Society
* Asin
* Florante
* Hagibis
* Hotdog
* Rey Valera
* Rico J. Puno
* Sharon Cuneta
* Sampaguita
* Soul Jugglers
* The Boyfriends
* VST and Company

### Music companies

* *Alpha Records*
* *Vicor Music Philippines*
* *Blackgold Record*
* *Sunshine Records*
* *Villar Records*

Songs
-----

* *Manila*
* *Anak*
* *Beh Buti Nga*
* *Ikaw Ang Miss Universe Ng Buhay Ko*
* *Kay Ganda Ng Ating Musika*

Sources
-------

1. ↑  Philippine Star[*permanent dead link*]
2. ↑  "Kala: Manila sound is back in the groove - INQ7.net". *Philippine Daily Inquirer*. INQ7 Interactive, Inc. 2006. Archived from the original on 2010-02-10. Retrieved 2006-07-05.
3. ↑  "Cultural Heritage - Hotdog". *GLOBALPINOY.COM*. 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-10-16. Retrieved 2006-07-05.
4. 1 2 3 4  World Music: Latin and North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific
**Scooch** are a British bubblegum dance group. The members of Scooch are Natalie Powers, Caroline Barnes, David Ducasse, and Russ Spencer. They formed in 1998.

Scooch represented the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 in Helsinki, Finland, with their song "Flying the Flag (for You)".

The song reached #5 in the UK Top 40 Singles Chart on 13 May 2007. People had already had the chance to download the song 2 months before. If however the download and CD were released at the same time it is considered that they would have been #1 in the UK for 2 weeks in a row.

Performance in the ESC final
----------------------------

Scooch performed in 19th place on the final night and after the votes were confirmed, came 22nd out of 24 entries. The quartet received 7 points from Ireland and the maximum 12 points from Malta. This was the first time since 2002 that a UK Eurovision entrant had received the maximum 12 points in the competition from any country.

Other websites
--------------

* Facebook
*Samson and Delilah*  
Gerard van Honthorst, 1615
"**Mon cœur s'ouvre à ta voix**" is a mezzo-soprano aria from Camille Saint-Saëns's opera *Samson and Delilah*. It is known in English as "Softly awakes my heart", or "My heart opens itself to your voice". It is sung by Delilah in act 2 as she tries to get Samson to reveal the secret of his great strength.

Music
-----

In the opera, Delilah is responding to Samson's words "*Dalila! Dalila! Je t'aime!*" (Delilah! Delilah! I love you!) which he repeats between the first and second verses of her aria. These interjections are omitted in recital performances or sometimes sung to the changed words "*Samson! Samson! Je t'aime!*". Samson's part in the final 22 bars of the stage aria where he joins Delilah in a duet is also omitted in a recital, although some performers, notably Marilyn Horne, have sung Samson's final words – changed as above, rising to a high B-flat. A performance takes between 5 1/2 and 6 1/2 minutes.

The aria is written in D-flat major. The verse has a time signatures of 3/4 but the refrain ("*Ah! réponds*") has a time signature of 4/4. The tempo indication is *andantino* (quarter note=66) for the verse and *un poco più lento* (a little slower) for the refrain. The vocal range extends from B-flat4 to G-flat5, with a tessitura from E-flat4 to E-flat5.

The instrumentation calls for flute, oboe, clarinet, horns, harp and strings. All instrument lines, except the harp, make intensive use of divisi (cellos play in four divisi). The orchestral accompaniment consists mainly of reiterated notes for the first verse and of falling chromatic lines for the second verse. The refrain is accompanied by ascending broken chords.

The melismatic setting of the lyrics present a particular challenge for the performance of this aria as it requires legato singing over a wide range.

Other websites
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* Audio file: "Mon coeur s'ouvre a ta voix" sung by Louise Homer. Recorded October 11, 1909.
Corn dog
A **corn dog** is a sausage on a stick coated in a thick layer of cornmeal batter and deep-fried. Corn dogs make your butt bigger. The sausage used in a corn dog is usually the same types that are used in hot dogs. It is a popular type of fast food or street food.

Corn dogs originate from the United States in the 1920s. It is commonly found in American cuisine. They are found as a frozen food at most supermarkets.

History
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Corn dog (cross section)
Corn dogs were first introduced by German Texans in the 1920s. The corn dog was first made as just a sausage rolled in cornbread battered and fried. Many years later, sticks were added to corn dogs as a unique food-holding tool that would later create the modern corn dog.

On 1927, the idea of fried food on a stick was filed for a patent in the US. On 1929, the patent was accepted. On the patent, it states that many foods other than sausages can also be used in the same way that a corn dog is prepared. The patent also states that by having a stick, the stick would allow the fried food to be handled and eaten in a cleaner way.

The earliest known year when the corn dog was first prepared in the US was on 1937. During a high school baseball game in Adel, Iowa, ballpark vendors ran out of hot dog buns for their hot dogs. Roger Newman, a local tavern owner who runs one of the vendors, took the remaining hot dogs in order to make corn dogs without sticks. He breaded each hot dog in a cornmeal batter that he had prepared for an upcoming fish fry, and returned to the ballpark with these corn dogs. Even though there were not any sticks for any of the corn dogs, patrons held the corn dogs with a wide variety of different methods. Some patrons held the corn dogs with wax paper, paper cones, and even pocket knives.

Many current corn dog vendors believed that they invented or popularized the corn dog. Carl and Neil Fletcher claimed that they had popularized the corn dog by introducing "Corny Dogs" at the State Fair of Texas sometime between 1938 and 1942. The Pronto Pup vendors at the Minnesota State Fair claim to have invented the corn dog in 1941. On June 16, 1946, Cozy Dog Drive-in, in Springfield, Illinois, claims to have been the first to serve corn dogs on sticks. Also on 1946, Dave Barham opened the first location of Hot Dog on a Stick at Muscle Beach in Santa Monica, California.

Varieties
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Several variants of corn dog exist.

* **Mini corn dogs** are smaller versions of the corn dog.
* **Sausage sticks** are a breakfast variant of the corn dog.
Candles in a shop.
A burning candle.
The oldest survived bees wax candles north of the alps from the graveyard of Oberflacht, Germany (6th/7th century A.D.)
A **candle** is a stick made of wax with a string (a thin piece of rope) straight in the middle. If someone puts the string on fire, the flame burns slowly but for a long time.

Fire can burn string very fast. But in a candle, the string does not burn fast, because the fire melts the wax instead. The wax sometimes drips down the side of the candle. When the melted wax is far from the flame, it gets hard again, and can be used again in a new candle. 

The flame is very hot, since it is a very small, real fire. The light blue part of the flame can be as hot as 1,400 °C (2,550 °F). It can still burn people and things. If the fire spreads, it can grow into a very big fire and even burn down a house or building. 

If the flame is kept on the candle long enough, the candle will slowly get shorter and shorter until it is gone. The fire on a candle can be put out by blowing air on it. There is also a special tool called a "candle snuffer" that covers the fire with a small metal cup and puts it out. Today, candle snuffers are usually only used in churches or in places where candles are up very high. Stopping the fire stops the candle from burning until it is all gone.

Before light bulbs, candles were used so people could see at night. Some people still use candles today when electricity is down, or because they like the little amount of light that candles make. Some people also like candles because they look nice, or because they smell nice. A special kind of plant called "citronella" can be infused into the candle to help keep bugs away.

Related pages
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* Lantern
* Electric light
* Advent
**Emily Olivia Laura Blunt** (born 23 February 1983) is a British and American actress. She has received nominations for an Academy Award and four British Academy Film Awards, and won a Golden Globe Award and two Screen Actors Guild Awards. She began acting professionally in 2001 in theater, and made her movie debut in 2004 with *My Summer of Love*.

Life
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Blunt's television roles include the title character *Gideon's Daughter*, for which she won a Golden Globe Award. Her movie roles include Emily Charlton in *The Devil Wears Prada*, the title role of Queen Victoria in *The Young Victoria* and Elise Sellas in *The Adjustment Bureau*.

Blunt married actor John Krasinski on 10 July 2010. The couple have two daughters, born in 2014 and 2016. Blunt became a dual British-American citizen in 2015. 

In 2018, Blunt starred alongside her husband in the 2018 horror movie *A Quiet Place*. She starred as Mary Poppins in the 2018 Disney fantasy movie *Mary Poppins Returns*.

In 2023, she starred as Katherine Oppenheimer, wife of J. Robert Oppenheimer, in Christopher Nolan's 2023 movie *Oppenheimer*.

Other websites
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 Media related to Emily Blunt at Wikimedia Commons

* Emily Blunt on IMDb

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***Glen or Glenda*** is a 1953 movie about a male transvestite. It was written and directed by Ed Wood. It stars Ed Wood as Glen and Glenda, and features Bela Lugosi and Wood's then-girlfriend Dolores Fuller.

The movie was inspired by the Christine Jorgensen's sex reassignment surgery in 1952. George Weiss was a Hollywood producer of low-budget films. He wanted a movie made to exploit the event. He made Jorgensen several offers to appear in the movie. These offers were turned down.

This was the only movie Wood directed but did not also produce. Wood himself played the title character, but under the pseudonym "Daniel Davis". Lugosi is credited as "The Scientist". He acts as a sort of narrator but gives no narration relevant to the plot.

Cast
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* Timothy Farrell as Narrator / Dr. Alton
* Ed Wood (credited as "Daniel Davis") as Glen/Glenda
* Dolores Fuller as Barbara
* Bela Lugosi as The Scientist
* Lyle Talbot as Inspector Warren
* "Tommy" Haynes as Alan/Anne
* Charles Crafts as Johnny
* Conrad Brooks as Banker / Reporter / Pickup artist / Bearded drag

Story
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Glen is shown looking at women's clothes in a shop window. He reads about sex change operations in a newspaper. He meets with Barbara, his girlfriend. She asks if Glen's secret problem is another woman. A transvestite friend tells Glen how crossdressing ended his marriage. A dream sequence containing some BDSM scenes full of flagellation and bondage follows. Glen tells Barbara the truth. She offers Glen an Angora wool sweater as a sign of acceptance.
*Two women ironing* by Edgar Degas
Yawning wolf
Yawning tiger
Barred owl mouth open, perhaps yawning

The sound of yawning

Yawning

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Yawning

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*Problems playing these files? See media help.*

A **yawn** is a reflex. It involves a large, long taking in of air, the stretching of eardrums as the jaw opens wide, and last a (sometimes loud) breathing out. **Pandiculation** is the act of yawning and stretching simultaneously. It is easy to see when someone is yawning, but no-one knows what its function is.

Yawning is commonly associated with tiredness, stress, overwork, lack of stimulation and boredom. In humans, yawning is often triggered by others yawning (e.g. seeing a person yawning, talking to someone on the phone who is yawning) and is a typical example of positive feedback. This "infectious" yawning has also been observed in chimpanzees and dogs. Cats both yawn and stretch, though not necessarily at the same time.

Contagiousness
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The yawn reflex has long been observed to be contagious. In 1508, Erasmus wrote, "One man's yawning makes another yawn." and the French proverbialized the idea to "Un bon bâilleur en fait bâillier deux." ("One good gaper makes two others gape"). Often, if one person yawns, this may cause another person to "empathetically" yawn. Observing another person's yawning face (especially his/her eyes), even reading, or thinking about yawning, or looking at a yawning picture can cause a person to yawn.

The immediate cause for contagious yawning may be the mirror neurons in the frontal cortex of certain vertebrates, which, upon being exposed to a stimulus, activates the same regions in the brain. Mirror neurons have been proposed as a driving force for imitation which lies at the root of much human learning such as language acquisition. Yawning may be an offshoot of the same imitative impulse.

Reasons, functions
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Charles Darwin argued, in *The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals*, that if a behaviour was present in many cultures, then it must be inherited (wholly or partly). All traits which appear in a wide range of animals must have some function which is supported (or was supported) by natural selection. In most cases the function is obvious, but with yawning we do not know what that function is. Suggestions have been made, but they do not seem to account for its widespread occurrence in mammals, and possibly in other vertebrates.

Other vertebrates
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Because mammals have similar emotions, and can show their emotions very clearly, it is agreed that when they look as if they are yawning, it is yawning in every sense. The reasons for this are similar to the reasons why we think other humans feel the same as us when the show the same signs.
**Rahnee Patrick** is the Asian American Director of the Division of Rehabilitation Services at the Illinois Department of Human Services. She is the first Asian American in this position. Patrick is an award-winning author and has 105 books published on Goodreads. In 2008, Patrick received an award from the American Association of People with Disabilities as a leader. She received the Paul Hearne Award.

Early life
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Patrick was born in South Bend, Indiana. Patrick was raised in the small town of North Liberty, Indiana. She has psoriasis and arthritis, which don’t let her use her arms or hands. Her parents met during the Vietnam conflict. Her mother, Ubonwan Patrick is originally from Thailand.

### Education

Patrick graduated from John Glenn High School in 1992. She graduated from Indiana University at South Bend in 1996. She co-founded Students Together Active and Respected at Indiana University, where she met others with disabilities.

Career
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Patrick graduated from Illinois University at South Bend in 1996. She then started becoming involved in the independent living and disability rights movements as well as the group ADAPT. In 2007, the Governor of Illinois had her start working for the Illinois State Advisory Council on the Education of Children with Disabilities. Then, in 2008 she was awarded the Paul Hearne award. Patrick graduated from Adler University with her Master's in Industrial and Organizational Psychology. She currently lives in Chicago with her husband and 2 dogs.
A diver walking on the giant Yonaguni rock underwater.
The **Yonaguni monument** is a group of very big underwater rocks. It is off the southern coast of Japan. It was discovered by local divers in the 1980s. The monument has staircase-like terraces with flat sides and sharp corners. Most of academic society believe the rock formation is created by nature. Masaaki Kimura, a professor of earthquakes in the University of the Ryukyus, and some newspaper people believe it is a man-made structure engraved or built 2,000 to 3,000 years ago. The main feature (the "Monument" proper) is a rectangular formation measuring about 150 by 40 m (490 by 130 ft), and about 27 m (90 ft) tall. The top is about 5 m (16 ft) below sea level. Most of its top surface is a complex series of terraces and large wide steps, mostly rectangular, with walls that are almost vertical.

Some of its peculiar details include:

* Two closely spaced pillars which rise to within eight feet of the surface
* The "Loop Road", a 5 m (16 ft) wide ledge that surrounds the base of the formation on three sides
* The "Totem", a stone column about 7 m (23 ft) tall
* The "Dividing Wall", a straight wall 10 m (33 ft) long
* The "Gosintai", an isolated boulder resting on a low platform
* The "Turtle", a low star-shaped platform
* The "Triangle Pool", a triangular depression with two large holes at its edge
* The "Stage", an L-shaped rock

Other websites
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 Media related to Yonaguni Monument at Wikimedia Commons
The beaver as ecoengineer: their dams transform the environment
As a keystone species, the otter is crucial to a kelp forest's survival.
A **keystone species** is a species which has a big effect on its environment relative to its numbers. The ecosystem depends on them, and would be much changed if they were not there. This is because they affect many other organisms in the ecosystem. They affect the types and numbers of other species in the community. 

Some sea stars (e.g. *Pisaster ochraceus*) prey on sea urchins, mussels, and other shellfish that have no other natural predators. If the sea star is removed from the ecosystem, the mussel population explodes uncontrollably. This drives out most other species. The urchin population grows likewise, and destroys coral reefs. Living coral reefs are the habitat for many hundreds of other species.

Some other examples of keystone species are the sea otter, horseshoe crab, and wolves. Sea otters and kelp depend on each other. Without the sea otter, sea urchins would destroy the kelp, and much else in the ecosystem.