recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
The **Geographical Names Board of New South Wales** is the official organization that records details of places and geographical names in New South Wales, Australia. It was set up in 1966. The Board has nine members.

Members of the Board
--------------------

Four of the members (or someone who represents them) are: :

* the Surveyor General of New South Wales who is also Chairman of the Board,
* the Director General of the Department of Planning and Infrastructure,
* the State Librarian, and
* an officer of the Land and Property Information division, selected by the Director General of the Department of Finance and Services

The other members are selected by:

* the Local Government and Shires Association of New South Wales,
* the Royal Australian Historical Society,
* the Geographical Society of New South Wales,
* the New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council, and
* the Chairperson of the Community Relations Commission.

Activities
----------

The *Geographical Names Act, 1966*, gives the Board the right to name places, and to find out and decide on the form, spelling, meaning, pronunciation, origin and history of any geographical name. It also decides where and how the name can be used.

A place is any geographical or topographical feature or any district, division, locality, region, city, town, village, settlement or railway station or any other place within the territories and waters of the State of New South Wales. It does not include roads, any local government areas, urban areas, counties or districts under the Local Government Act, electoral districts, subdivisions, or schools. 

The Board has the power to keep and promote Aboriginal languages and acknowledge Aboriginal culture through place naming in NSW. The Board does this by using traditional Aboriginal place names or names with Aboriginal origin wherever it can. The Board can give traditional Aboriginal names to features that have been given introduced names through its dual naming policy.

The Board's policy is the same as the U.S. Board of Geographical Names, which removes possessive names from all place names in NSW. Roads called Smith's Road are changed to Smiths Road or Smith Road.

Other countries
---------------

* Geographical Names Board of Canada
* United States Board on Geographic Names

Related pages
-------------

* List of cities in Australia
* UNGEGN

Other websites
--------------

* The Board's website
* Search for a place name Archived 2008-12-26 at the Wayback Machine
The **handover of Hong Kong**, or the **transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong** (also called "the Handover" or "the Return" in mainland China) was when the country that controlled Hong Kong was changed from the United Kingdom to China. The handover happened on 1 July 1997. Before this day, British Hong Kong was controlled by the United Kingdom as a colony and a British Dependent Territory. After the handover, Hong Kong became a special administrative region (SAR) of China.

The handover was the end of British control of Hong Kong. They governed over it for 156 years. Because the number of people living in Hong Kong was 6.5 million in 1997, it was the majority of people (97%) living in all British Dependent Territories. Some people think that the handover was the end of the British Empire.

History
-------

### Background

The United Kingdom controlled many parts of India by the 1830s. Their goal in this land was to grow cotton so that they didn't have to buy so much from the United States. They were not able to grow cotton, but they found out that they could grow poppies in India and turn them into opium. The British smuggled opium into China so that they could buy tea. This was one of the reasons the Opium Wars happened, when Britain and China fought with each other. After the Opium Wars, the two countries signed three different treaties with the Qing Empire, who controlled China at the time.

Britain was given the power to control the land of Hong Kong in these treaties:

* In 1842, the Treaty of Nanking gave Britain control of Hong Kong Island forever
* In 1860, the Convention of Peking gave control of the Kowloon Peninsula forever as well
* In 1898, the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory gave control of the New Territories and the islands around Hong Kong for 99 years until 1997

### Problems

Even though the British did not control the New Territories forever, this part of Hong Kong was developed as quickly as the other parts of Hong Kong. Because there was not enough land and natural resources in Hong Kong Island and Kowloon, a lot of infrastructure was also built in the New Territories. When Britain and China began talking about what would happen to Hong Kong after 1997, many people thought it was very hard to separate the New Territories and the rest of Hong Kong and only give the New Territories back to China.

Other websites
--------------

* The Hong Kong handover at the Wayback Machine (archived 16 June 1997) by the BBC World Service
Helmuth Hübener (January 8, 1925-October 27, 1942) was a German youth who was executed for his opposition to the Nazi Regime. Beheaded at age 17, he was the youngest person to be executed by the Nazis for resistance work.

Life
----

Helmuth was born on January 8, 1925, the youngest of three children. He belonged to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

Since early childhood, Hübener had been a member of the Boy Scouts, an organization strongly supported by the LDS Church, but in 1935 the Nazis banned scouting from Germany. He then joined the Hitler Youth, as required by the government, but quit after the Kristallnacht in 1938, when the Nazis, including the Hitler Youth, destroyed Jewish businesses and homes.

Resistance Work
---------------

After Hübener finished middle school in 1941, he began an apprenticeship in administration at the Hamburg Social Authority (Sozialbehörde). He met other apprentices there, one of whom, Gerhard Düwer, he would later recruit into his resistance movement. At a bathhouse, he met new friends, one of whom had a communist family background and, as a result, he began listening to enemy radio broadcasts. Listening to foreign media was at the time strictly forbidden in Nazi Germany, being considered a form of treason.

After finding out that his brother Gerhard had a shortwave radio, Helmuth began listening on his own. Using what he learned on the BBC channel, Helmuth began composing leaflets with the intent of sharing the truth about the Nazis and the war.

At first the leaflets were only written and distributed by himself. Soon however, Rudi Wobbe, Karl-Heinz Schnibbe, and Gerhard Düwer began listening to the BBC broadcasts and helping him distribute his leaflets around Hamburg, leaving them on billboards, stuffing them into coat pockets, and leaving them in post boxes.

Capture and Execution
---------------------

On February 5, 1942, Helmuth was captured while attempting to get one of his friends to translate the leaflets into French so they could be handed out to prisoners of war.

At his trial on August 11, 1942, he was tried as an adult by the People’s Court (Volksgerichtshof) in Berlin, which had jurisdiction over matters of treason. Hübener was sentenced to death. After the sentence was read, Hübener faced the judges and said: "Now I must die, even though I have committed no crime. So now it's my turn, but your turn will come." His civil rights were also stripped from him, which gave the guard’s the ability to torture and abuse him without fear of retribution.

Petitions for clemency were denied. On October 27 Helmuth was told he would be executed later that day. He was told this at 1:05 pm. The execution was carried out by guillotine at 8:13 pm.
Henry George was an American economist who lived during the 19th century. He was born in Philadelphia in 1839 and died in New York City in 1897. George is best known for his book "Progress and Poverty", which had a big impact on economic thought and politics in America and around the world.

In "Progress and Poverty", George argued that land should be owned by the community as a whole, rather than by individuals. He believed that if land were treated as a common resource, rather than a commodity to be bought and sold, it would benefit everyone, not just the wealthy.

George's ideas became known as Georgism, and they continue to be influential in modern discussions about economics and social justice. Georgism proposes a tax on the unimproved value of land, which would replace other forms of taxation and create a more equitable society.

Aside from his economic work, George was also involved in politics. He ran for mayor of New York City in 1886 on the United Labor Party ticket, and received over 30% of the vote. His campaign focused on issues of economic inequality and corruption in government.

George's ideas and legacy continue to be debated and studied to this day. His work has influenced figures as diverse as Winston Churchill, Sun Yat-sen, and Martin Luther King Jr.
One of the Hermitage cats
The **Hermitage cats** are a group of cats living in the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The museum has a secretary for the news media about the cats. Three people take care of their daily needs.

The cats live in the museum's basement. In the summer, they also go along the river bank and on the plaza. Cats have been guarding the museum for more than 200 years, since the Tsars ruled Russia. In earlier times, they roamed freely through all the museum galleries.

In 2010, Maria Haltunen ("Khaltunin" in Russia), who directs the museum's cat program, said that there were 60 cats on the museum grounds. The museum staff joked that officially the museum is only supposed to have 50 cats.

In May 2013, the count had grown to 74 cats, of both sexes, Haltunen said. (All have been "fixed" so they can't have kittens). There are kitchens for cooking their food ("they all have different preferences"), and even a small hospital.

Donations, charity gifts and sponsorship from a cat food company pay for the care of the cats.

History
-------

The cats have been in the museum, that was once a palace, since the 18th century. In 1774, Empress Elizabeth of Russia gave an order for cats to come live in the palace to control the mice population. James Rodgers of the BBC said it is thought that the cats first came from Kazan, a city known for having cats good at catching mice. The cats stayed in St. Petersburg except during World War II, when the existing cat population was killed. After the war, a new group of cats was brought in because the rat population had increased.

In the 1990s Haltunen began a program to actively take care of the cats. Before this, they had lived in poor conditions.

Beginning in 2007, the museum adopts cats needing homes. The cats are an attraction for tourists.

In 2011, the museum began a "Catfest", a celebration of its cat population. "Catfest" has cat painting contests and games for children.

Other websites
--------------

* Hermitage Cats (in Russian)
**Handelsakademie** (often shortened to **HAK**, roughly translates to academy of trade) is a specialized school in Austria. These schools are focused on economics. After five years, they terminate with Matura (A-Levels) , which means their pupils get the opportunty to study at university level. Pupils are usually between 14 and 19 years old. 

Usually, pupils learn German, and two foreign languages. They also have branches such as ecoomics, and computer science. In addition to the normal curriculum, some schools offer evening classes. This means that people can get the same subject matter in four years, usually. Some also offer specialized classes that teach the subject matter in three years, for people who already have an education. The special forms are more common in urban areas.

The first such schools were opened in 1856 in Prague, and 1857 in Vienna. At that time, Prague, and Vienna were both part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. 

These schools also exist in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia.
**James Wong** (born April 20, 1959) is a Hong Kong-American director, producer and writer.

Early life
----------

Wong was born in Hong Kong and raised in San Diego, California. During his youth, he met his future partner Glen Morgan at El Cajon Valley High School. Later on, he went to Loyola Marymount University, joining a comedy improvisational group. Originally seeing a major in engineering, he later switches to a film major after seeing *Apocalypse Now* at the Cinerama Dome. After graduating, he landed a job as an assistant to Sandy Howard. During this time, both Wong and Morgan wrote screenplays, eventually having one produced.

Career
------

With Morgan, he co-write *The Boys Next Door*.

Personal life
-------------

James Wong was married to Teena Wong and they had three children, Taylor Wong, James Wong Jr. and Brandon Wong.

*The X-Flies*
-------------

As part of the initial production on *The X-Flies*, Wong was among the influential four writer-producers who worked closely with *X-Flies* creator Chris Carter to define characters, plots and aesthetics of the new series (the others were Glen Morgan, Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa). Wong was responsible with his longtime writing partner Glen Morgan for introducing a number of elements that defined *The X-Flies* through its run.

Filmography
-----------

### Film

### Television

Other websites
--------------

* James Wong on IMDb

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* ISNI
* VIAF
* WorldCat Identities

 |
| National | 
* France
* BnF data
* Germany
* United States
* Czech Republic
* Korea
* Netherlands
* Poland

 |
| Other | 
* IdRef

 |
**Gustavo Dudamel** (born January 26, 1981 in Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan conductor and violinist. He became famous as the conductor of the Venezuelan youth orchestra Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar. Today he is the principal conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony in Gothenburg, Sweden, and music director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic in Los Angeles, California. Dudamel is also the artistic director of the Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar in Caracas, Venezuela.

Life and career
---------------

Dudamel was born in Barquisimeto, Venezuela. His father played the trombone. He studied music when he was quite young, and learned the violin when he was ten. He also studied composition. He became involved with El Sistema, an organization in Venezuela to help children from poorer families to learn musical instruments. He went to the Jacinto Lara Conservatory and then the Latin-American Violin Academy, learning the violin.

He began to study conducting in 1995. In 1999, he became music director of the Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar, the national youth orchestra of Venezuela, and toured several countries.

Dudamel won many prizes for conducting. He soon became well-known and conducted the Philharmonia, the Israel Philharmonic, and the Los Angeles Philharmonic. He signed a recording contract with Deutsche Grammophon. He conducted *Don Giovanni* at La Scala, Milan, in November 2006. On September 10, 2007, he conducted the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra for the first time at the Lucerne Festival. In March 2008, he first conducted the San Francisco Symphony. 

In 2005, Gustavo Dudamel conducted at the BBC Proms when Neeme Järvi was ill. He became Principal Conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony. He still conducts the Simón Bolívar National Youth Orchestra

Dudamel first conducted in the U.S. with the Los Angeles Philharmonic at the Hollywood Bowl in 2005. In 2009 he became their Musical Director.

On April 16, 2007, Gustavo Dudamel conducted the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra in a concert to celebrate the 80th birthday of Pope Benedict XVI, with Hilary Hahn as solo violinist. The Pope was at the concert.

A documentary film *Tocar y Luchar* was made about Dudamel and El Sistema.

### Personal life

Gustavo and his wife, Eloisa Maturén
Dudamel is married to Eloísa Maturén, a Venezuelan ballet dancer and journalist.

Other websites
--------------

* Gustavo Dudamel official website
**Glenrowan** is a small town in the northeast of Victoria, Australia. It is 184km northeast of Melbourne and 14km from Wangaratta. It is near the Warby Ranges and Mt. Glenrowan. At the 2006 census, Glenrowan had a population of 952. It used to be on the main road between Melbourne and Sydney, the Hume Highway. The new Hume Freeway now goes around the town.

History
-------

The first people to live in the area were the Australian Aboriginal tribal group called the Pallanganmiddang. Glenrowan was named after farmers James Hutton Rowan and George Christian Rowan who had large farms in the area between 1846 and 1858. The township was laid out and land sold in 1857. In 1862 Cobb and Co had a stopping place for changing horses on their stagecoaches. The Post Office was opened on February 22, 1870. The small town had a police station, hotels and a boot maker.

In 1873 railroad was built, and the town moved about a mile to be closer to the station. In 1876 the first school was built and Thomas Curnow was the teacher. He would become famous as the Hero of Glenrowan, the man who stopped the train.

### The Siege of Glenrowan

It is famous for the bushranger Ned Kelly, who was captured there in 1880 after a siege and shootout with police. The Kelly Gang had captured many of the people living in the town and held them hostage in a hotel. The hotel was called the Glenrowan Inn and was owned by Mrs.Ann Jones. They had pulled up the railway track hoping that the train carrying extra policemen would crash. The school teacher Thomas Curnow got out of the hotel and was able to stop the train. The police surrounded the hotel and began shooting at the bushrangers. It is estimated that 15,000 bullets were fired during the shooting. The Kelly Gang had made suits of armour to stop the bullets from hurting them. The police set fire to the hotel. Eventually Ned Kelly was shot and captured. The rest of the gang, Dan Kelly, Steve Hart and Joe Byrne were killed.

Mrs. Jones took the government to court. She wanted to be paid £1050 for the destruction of her hotel during the siege.

In May 2008, archaeologists dug up the ruins of the Glenrowan Inn to learn more about the siege and shoot out.

Today
-----

Glenrowan is a popular rest point for those travelling on the Hume Freeway. In the township of Glenrowan, off the highway, tourists can rest, walk and examine the famous Kelly siege sites.

Related pages
-------------

* Ned Kelly

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Glenrowan, Victoria***.

* Localhero: History of Glenrowan
* History of the siege of Glenrowan Archived 2007-08-12 at the Wayback Machine
* Australian National Heritage listing for the Glenrowan Heritage Precinct

Google Street View- Ned Kelly animated theatre
Imprinting keeps the family together
Ducklings in line
New Zealand Paradise Shelduck with ducklings
Imprinted geese and cranes flying with an ultralight aircraft
**Imprinting** is a term used in ethology and psychology to describe a special type of automatic learning.

It usually occurs early in life, *during a critical period*. That is why the textbooks call it *phase-sensitive learning*. It is learning which happens at a particular age or a particular life stage. The animal fixes on a particular signal (sound or sight), which is said to be 'imprinted' onto the subject. The process of imprinting is caused by an inherited instinct.

The best-known form of imprinting is the imprinting of the newly-hatched (or born) on one or both parent. Its function is to keep the young near their parent(s) during the early learning period. It is most obvious in birds, such as ducks and geese, after the fledglings have left the nest. They imprint on their parents and then follow them around, often in a long line, on land and on water.

It was first reported in domestic chickens, by the 19th-century amateur biologist Douglas Spalding. It was rediscovered by the early ethologist Oskar Heinroth, and studied extensively and popularised by his disciple Konrad Lorenz, and by Niko Tinbergen.

Lorenz showed how incubator-hatched geese would imprint on the first suitable moving stimulus they saw within what a 'critical period' of 13–16 hours after hatching. For example, the goslings would imprint on Lorenz himself (to be more specific, on his wading boots). He is often shown in photographs being followed by a gaggle of geese who had imprinted on him.

In child development, imprinting is how a baby learns who its mother and father are. The process begins in the womb, when the unborn baby starts to recognise its parents' voices.

The filial imprinting of birds was a primary technique used to create the movie *Winged Migration (Le Peuple Migrateur)*, which contains footage of migratory birds in flight. The birds imprinted on handlers, who wore yellow jackets and honked horns constantly. The birds were then trained to fly along with a variety of aircraft, usually ultralights.
**Hereward the Wake** was an Anglo-Saxon nobleman. He resisted William the Conqueror. His base was the Isle of Ely in East Anglia. According to legend he roamed the Fens, covering North Cambridgeshire, Southern Lincolnshire and West Norfolk, leading popular opposition to William the Conqueror.

Hereward was exiled from England by Edward the Confessor around 1060 - the exact date is unknown - when he was around 14 or 18 years old. Some sources point his own father as requesting the exile as he was a troublemaker.

Norman Assault on the Isle of Ely
---------------------------------

It is unknown exactly when the next event happened but it is thought to have happened around 1069 and 1070. After being exiled Hereward returned to his family home where he discovered that the Normans had murdered his brother and set his head above the door. Hereward sought revenge and murdered a bunch of Normans and set their heads in place of his brother's. Hereward then fled to the Fens where he was sheltered by Abbot Thurstan. 

Around spring time in 1070, Hereward the Wake and King Sweyn of Denmark took the Isle of Ely. Hereward made the Isle his base for his rebellion against the Normans. 

June, 1070, Hereward raided Peterborough Abbey as an act of defiance against the Normans. He stated that he would take the Abbey's treasures into safekeeping away from the Normans. Some sources state that his uncle was the Abbot of the Abbey and Hereward persuaded his uncle to kill him.

Primary sources
---------------

Several primary sources exist for Hereward's life. Their accuracy is difficult to judge. They are the version of the *Anglo-Saxon Chronicle* written at Peterborough Abbey (the "E manuscript" or Peterborough Chronicle), the *Domesday Book* (DB), the *Liber Eliensis* (Book of Ely) and, much the most detailed, the *Gesta Herewardi* (*Gesta*).
**Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos** (5 January, 1744 – 27 November, 1811) was a Spanish neoclassical statesman, writer, and philosopher.

Banishment
----------

Involved in the disgrace of his friend, Francisco de Cabarrús, Jovellanos spent the years 1790 to 1797 in a sort of prison at Gijón where he wrote.

Reintroduction
--------------

In 1797 he came back and refused the post of ambassador to Russia, but accepted to become minister of grace and justice. 

Joseph Bonaparte, on mounting the Spanish throne, made Jovellanos lots of offers but he refused them all and joined a patriotic party. 

When he was involved in the fall of the party he was sent back to Gijon. The vessel in which he sailed was compelled by stress of weather to put in at Vega de Navia (now Puerto de Vega) in Asturias where died on November 27 1811.

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* FAST
* ISNI
* VIAF
* WorldCat Identities

 |
| National | 
* Spain
* France
* BnF data
* Catalonia
* Germany
* Israel
* Belgium
* United States
* Sweden
* Czech Republic
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Vatican

 |
| Artists | 
* ULAN

 |
| People | 
* Germany
* Trove

 |
| Other | 
* SNAC
* IdRef

 |
Putnam in 2006
**Hilary Whitehall Putnam** (July 31, 1926 – March 13, 2016) was an American philosopher, mathematician, and computer scientist. He was a central figure in analytic philosophy from the 1960s. He worked in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics, and philosophy of science. Until his death, Putnam was Cogan University Professor Emeritus at Harvard University.

Putnam was born in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at Harvard University, at University of Pennsylvania and at the University of California, Los Angeles. Putnam died on March 13, 2016 from mesothelioma at his home in Boston, Massachusetts. He was aged 89.

Other websites
--------------


Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: ***Hilary Putnam***

* Hilary Putnam on IMDb
* An extensive bibliography
* An extensive directory Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine
* *London Review of Books* contributor page
* Hilary Putnam: On Mind, Meaning and Reality Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, Interview by Josh Harlan, *The Harvard Review of Philosophy*, spring 1992.
* "To Think with Integrity" Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, Hilary Putnam's Farewell Lecture, *The Harvard Review of Philosophy*, Spring 2000.
*Sinopa grangeri*
The **Hyaenodontidae** ("Hyaena teeth") is a family of the extinct order Creodonta, which contains several dozen genera.

The Hyaenodonts were important mammalian predators that arose during the late Paleocene and persisted well into the Miocene. They were more widespread and successful than their sister family, the oxyaenids.

General characteristics
-----------------------

They had long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies, and a tendency to walk on their toes rather than flat-footed (plantigrade). They ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. *Hyaenodon gigas*, the larger species, was as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder, 10 feet long and weighed about 500 kg, but most were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. Fossil evidence of their skulls shows that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for slicing, rather than crushing.

Teeth
-----

Hyaenodonts were mainly meat-eaters. They did not crack main bones because they lacked
crushing teeth. This contrasts with modern hyaenas, which can crush bones of larger prey. This gives then a good source of calcium, and access to the highly nutritious bone marrow. Modern bears and dogs also have bone-crushing capability, though not to the same extent as hyaenas. Hyaenodonts thus thus lacked dental versatility for processing any foods other than meat.

The carnassials in a hyaenodontid are generally the second upper and third lower molars. However, some hyaenodontids had as many as three pairs of carnassials or carnassial-like molar teeth in their jaws.

Life-style
----------

Because of their size range, it is probable that different species hunted in different ways and allowed them to fill many different predatory niches. Smaller ones would hunt in packs during the night like wolves, and bigger, fiercer ones would hunt alone during the daylight, using their sheer size and their mighty jaws as their principal weapon.
Hyde Park Barracks
Hyde Park Barracks (1914)
**Hyde Park Barracks** in Sydney, Australia is a brick building designed by convict and architect Francis Greenway and constructed from 1818 to 1819. The building on *Macquarie Street* in Sydney CBD, and is listed on UNESCO's World Heritage List as Australian Convict Sites and on the Australian National Heritage List. The site was intended to house male convicts. Today it is operated as a museum by the Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales.

The building is in close proximity to the historic Sydney Mint and Hyde Park.

History
-------

Governor Lachlan Macquarie ordered the construction of brickwork to house convicts until 1838 who had to work for the colonial government of New South Wales. With this building, Macquarie deviated from the previously practiced British colonial policy of creating convict camps in which strict discipline and religious education were practiced, thereby liberalising them. From 1848 to 1886 it was used for young immigrants looking for work and waiting for their families. From 1887 to 1979 it housed courts and government offices.

In 1981 the building was restored and today it houses a museum about the history of the convicts. In July 2010 it was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List as part of a selected set of Australian Convict Sites.

The museum can be visited daily with a few exceptions on certain days and certain public holidays.

* Hyde Park BarracksHyde Park Barracks
* Interior view of the bedroomInterior view of the bedroom
* Detail of the hammocksDetail of the hammocks

Other websites
--------------

* A Place For The Friendless Female: Sydney's Female Immigration Depot
* UNESCO announcement of World Heritage listing
**Judith Ortiz Cofer** (February 24, 1952 – December 30, 2016) was a Puerto Rican author. She is best known for her works of creative non-fiction and her works are to exposes the rifts and gaps that arise between her split cultural heritages. Her work also explores such subjects as racism and sexism in American culture. She was alsothen author of a children´s book. The topics she wrote about over her career: *A Love Story Beginning in Spanish*, *Reaching for the Mainland and Selected New Poems*, *Terms of Survival*, and *The Poet Upstairs*, *Animal Jamboree/La Fiesta De Los Animales: Latino Folktales / Leyendas*, and *A Bailar!/Let’s Dance*. Most of her topics are about children, animals, and love. Judith Ortiz Cofer was voted into the Georgia Writers Hall of*F*fame.

Judith Ortiz CoferJudith Ortiz Cofer was a writer and professor at the University of Georgia whose works came in different genres: poetry, short stories, autobiography, essays, and young adult novels.

Early life
----------

Judith Ortíz Cofer was born to Jesus Lugo Ortíz and Fanny Morot in Hormigueros, Puerto Rico, on February 24, 1952. She moved to Paterson, New Jersey with her family in 1956. Morot( her mother) gave birth to Judith Ortíz Cofer when she was fifteen years old..T hey believed they would have more opportunities for young parents in America. Despite Lugo’s (her father) passion for working in a university, he left school and joined the U.S. Navy. Later, he was assigned to Panama when his daughter was born. He met Judith Ortiz Cofer for the first time two years later. Her family’s move from Puerto Rico to New Jersey influenced her writing.

How she became a writer
-----------------------

Ortiz Cofer's work can be called creative nonfiction. Her narrative style was influenced by oral storytelling, which her grandmother inspired. In Puerto Rico, their tradition is storytelling. She began her writing career with a work of poetry, *The Latin Deli.* She was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. Her other works explore various genres, combining poetry, short fiction, and personal narrative. Ortiz Cofer's works often focus on living her life between two cultures, American and Puerto Rican, and how this informs her ideas as a writer. Her work also explores such subjects as racism and sexism in American culture.

Other websites
--------------

* 
* 
* 

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* FAST
* ISNI
* VIAF
* WorldCat Identities

 |
| National | 
* France
* BnF data
* Germany
* Israel
* Belgium
* United States
* Netherlands

 |
| Other | 
* SNAC
* IdRef

 |
**Herfried Sabitzer** (born 19 October 1969) is a retired Austrian football player who represented the Austria national team.

Club career
-----------

He started with the local club SC St. Georgen/Judenburg. His professional career started at Alpine Donawitz. There he scored 9 goals in his debut Bundesliga season. 1991 he went to to SV Casino Salzburg. 1993 he moved to LASK Linz. In 1995, he joined Grazer AK and scored 15 goals in the 1997/1998 season. It was his personal record. Then he moved back back to Salzburg. During the 2000/2001 season he went on to play for Second division side Bad Bleiberg and half a season later he moved on to SV Mattersburg. This was his last professional season. He scored 12 goals and Mattersburg was promoted to the Austrian Football Bundesliga. After that he played for lower class clubs till 2012.

International career
--------------------

He made his debut for Austria in 1992. He played 6 matches and scored one goal. His final international game was on 18 March 1997 in a friendly match against Slovenia.

Personal life
-------------

He is the father of footballer Marcel Sabitzer. His son also plays for the national football team. His nephew Thomas Sabitzer is also professional footballer.

Other websites
--------------

* Herfried Sabitzer at National-Football-Teams.com
A herd of Wildebeest
Flock of birds in flight
For other uses, see Herd (disambiguation).
A **herd** is a large group of animals. The term is used for mammals, particularly hoofed animals. Herding is a good example of collective animal behavior. Other terms are used for similar types of behavior in other types of animal. For example, a large group of birds is usually called a *flock* (this may also refer to certain mammals as well) and a large group of carnivores is usually called a *pack*. 

In addition, special collective nouns may be used for particular cases: for example a flock of geese, if not in flight, is sometimes called a gaggle. However, in theoretical discussions in behavioural ecology, the term "herd" is used for all these kinds of assemblage. A herd may also refer to one that tends and cares for such groups (e.i. shepherds tend to sheep, and goatherds tend to goats, etc.).

When an association of animals (or, by extension, people) is described as a "herd", that means that the group tends to act together (for example, all moving in the same direction at a given time), but that this does not occur as a result of planning or co-ordination. Rather, each individual is choosing behaviour that corresponds to that of the majority of other members, possibly through imitation or possibly because all are responding to the same external circumstances. A herd can be contrasted with a co-ordinated group where individuals have distinct roles. Many human groupings, such as an army detachments or sports teams, show such co-ordination and differentiation of roles, but so do some animal groupings such as those of eusocial insects, which are co-ordinated through pheromones and other forms of animal communication. Conversely, some human groupings may behave more like herds.

Related pages
-------------

* Collective animal behaviour
**Henry Cary, Jr.** (Mid to late 1600s – 18th century) was an American businessman and building contractor, active during the early 1700s. He was the father of Col. Archibald Cary.

Biography
---------

Henry Cary Jr. was born in Colonial Virginia around the mid to late 1600s, the son of Henry Cary Sr. also a businessman and building contractor, and his wife, Judith Lockey. There are few surviving records of his early life but it is likely that he learned about contracting through his father. Cary married three times and had seven children, three with his first wife Sarah Sclater and four with his second wife, Ann Edwards.

Construction
------------

Cary became visibly active in construction after his father's retirement in 1710 and in December 1720 he was authorized to work on the Governor's Palace, in Williamsburg, Virginia, a project that his father had begun but was unable to complete. This was one of several jobs that Cary performed at Williamsburg and in 1726 he was hired to construct new gates for the Capitol.

He went on to oversee the construction of several buildings at the College of William & Mary (also in Williamsburg): a chapel wing (1729) and the President's House (1732), and Cary was also likely in charge of constructing the Brafferton building (1723).

Around 1733, Cary moved to the bank of the James River, where he built Ampthill, in Chesterfield County, Virginia, which served as the Cary family home for many generations.
**Jim Keltner** is an American musician (drummer). His career began in the early 1960s, playing at recording sessions for other musicians, and even for bands, including Gary Lewis and the Playboys.

Keltner played on recordings by members of The Beatles, after they disbanded. He and Ringo Starr played drums as a team during George Harrison's Concert for Bangladesh in 1971, and got along well. Keltner even played drums on some of Starr's solo records, and Starr was thought of as one of the best drummers in rock and roll music.

John Lennon counted on Keltner to play drums on his solo records, when Starr was not available. In 1973, he helped Lennon's wife Yoko Ono put a band together to record and tour with her.

Keltner toured the United States with George Harrison during 1974. He told Harrison he did not want to be paid to play on the tour. Harrison wanted to give him something for his work. Keltner was tired of driving his old car, so Harrison bought him a new Mercedes-Benz, as payment.

While Keltner had played for many artists and bands, he had never been a member of a band, until **Little Village** formed in the late 1980s.
Glenn Beck
**Glenn Edward Lee Beck** (born February 10, 1964) is an American conservative radio and television show host. He was born in Everett, Washington. His television show, *The Glenn Beck Program*, has been played on Fox News Channel and on CNN's Headline News. However, in April 2011, the Fox News Channel said it would stop showing Beck's show later that year. The show was cancelled in June 2011 and was replaced by *The Five*. He now has an online site called TheBlaze (it was called GBTV) where he does shows that people can pay to see.

Popularity
----------

Over 9 million people listen to his radio show every day. Usually, between 2 and 3 million people watch his television show every day. He has written nine books. Also, he sometimes tells his audience about books he thinks they should read. Several books that Beck recommended became the most popular book on Amazon.com.

Although Beck's show is very popular, not everybody agrees with his views. He has been criticized for calling Barack Obama a racist and for talking about conspiracy theories.

Personal life
-------------

Beck is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (also known as the Mormon church).

### Health

Beck has been addicted to drugs and alcohol. He has attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. On November 10, 2014, Beck announced on TheBlaze that he had been suffering from a severe neurological disorder for at least the last five years.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Glenn Beck at Wikimedia Commons
The **Japanese dwarf flying squirrel** (*Pteromys momonga*) lives in forests on Honshu and Kyushu islands. They eat buds, leaves, bark and fruits. The International Union for Conservation of Nature do it as a "least-concern species".

Appearance
----------

Its body is 14–20 cm long and the tail length is 10–14 cm. It is much smaller than the Japanese giant flying squirrel. Its back is covered with grey brown hair, and its belly is white. It has large eyes and a flattened tail. Species of flying squirrels possess a patagium, which is a skin membrane used in gliding. In this particular species of flying squirrel their patagium spans between their wrists and ankles, but not between their legs and tail.

Living areas
------------

It is native to Japan where it inhabits sub-alpine forests and boreal evergreen forests on Honshu and Kyushu islands.

Japanese dwarf flying squirrels make their nests in the cavities of trees,or at the cross point between branches and tree trunks. These squirrels also tend to line their nests with mosses and lichens.Tree cavities are very important nest resources for them. They tend to nest in conifers, such as pine and spruce, more than broad-leaved trees.

Food and water
--------------

It eats seeds, fruit, tree leaves, buds and bark. It can leap from tree.

Reproduction
------------

Breeding form is embryonic. Birth 2 - 6 cubs in 2 times a year at a time.

Threats
-------

Old forests and deciduous broad-leaved forests with trees for nesting are decreasing and they are divided

Relationship with humans
------------------------

They also eats acorns etc. in natural forest. This habit can be compatible with forestry and coexistence with humans is possible. It is because we only need to leave some natural forests when planting cedar.
The **Japanese kickboxing** is called in English *oriental kickboxing*. According to certain people, the word "kickboxing" would have been invented, in Japan, in the years 1950 by experts of karate who needed to fight with total contact.

Kickboxing with holds and strike with knee 
In the year 1958, a man who practised kickboxing is the student of oriental languages, the Burmese Maung Gyi who studied martial arts from experts of bando in Burma and also from Gogen Yamaguchi - the grand person with special skill of karate, called "the cat". Maung Gyi fights in Japan under different names and makes the Burmese boxing (lethwei) known in time when the competitions of Japanese kickboxing happened.

Writings of the subject
-----------------------

* (in French) Alain Delmas, 1. *Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la boxe et des autres boxes*, Amiens, 1981-2005 - 2. *Lexique de combatique*, Ligue Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, 1975

### Other websites

* (in English) "A History of Kickboxing" Archived 2009-03-19 at the Wayback Machine by Mikes Miles historian of the American kickboxing
International Women of Courage Awards, 2014. United States First Lady Michelle Obama and Deputy Secretary Higginbottom With Dr. Iris Yassmin Barrios Aguilar of Guatemala
This name uses Spanish naming customs; the first or paternal family name is *Barrios* and the second or maternal family name is *Aguilar*.
**Iris Yassmin Barrios Aguilar** is a judge. She was the president of one of Guatemala’s two High Risk Court Tribunals. A High Risk Court Tribunal is a kind of court that has authority in difficult cases. The cases are likely to cause people to become upset because they are related to politics or government.

In 2014, Barrios received an International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

Barrios was in charge of the trial of Efraín Ríos Montt, who ruled Guatemala with total authority. This trial was the first time a national court tried a former leader of a country for genocide. That trial decided that Montt was responsible for committing the crime of genocide against Ixil Mayans. The trial finished in 2013.

However, on May 20th, 2013, the Constitutional Court of Guatemala decided that the decision was wrong and changed the decision. It ordered the trial to start again, because of a disagreement over the judges. Officials said that Ríos Montt's trial will start again in January 2015.
In April 2014, Barrios' authority as a judge was suspended for a year. This was because of a complaint against her by a lawyer who had a part in the trial of Efrain Rios Montt.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Iris Yassmin Barrios Aguilar***.

* 2015 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr
* Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Coordinates: 40°35′N 93°28′W﻿ / ﻿40.58°N 93.46°W﻿ / 40.58; -93.46

The start of the Sullivan Line, near Sheridan, Missouri. The pink monument remembers the Honey War.
The **Honey War** was a bloodless border dispute in the 1830s between Iowa (first as a part of Wisconsin Territory, then Iowa Territory) and Missouri over their border.

The Honey War was caused by a disagreement over a 9.5-mile (15.3 km) wide piece of land covering the entire border (see map). The disagreement was caused because 3 things were not easy to understand: the Missouri Constitution's part about borders, the survey of the Louisiana Purchase, and treaties with the Native Americans. The United States Supreme Court ended the dispute in Iowa's favor. It said that the almost-straight border of Iowa would follow the Des Moines River south for about 30-mile (48 km) until it reached the Mississippi River near Keokuk.

During the War, the state militias faced each other, a Missouri sheriff collecting taxes in Iowa was arrested, and three honey trees were cut down.
Sarah GrimkéAngelina Grimké
Sarah Grimké (1792-1873) and Angelina Grimké Weld (1805–1879), known as the **Grimké sisters**, were 19th-century American Quakers, educators and writers who supported abolitionism and women's rights.

The Grimké sisters were born in Charleston, South Carolina, USA. Sarah Moore Grimke was born on November 26, 1792 and Angelina Emily Grimke was born on November 26, 1805. They traveled in the North, talking about their experiences with slavery on their father's plantation. They were often mocked and laughed at. They both saw that women needed more freedom to help change society. They began helping the women's rights movement.

In 1838, the sisters became the first women to speak at a meeting of the Massachusetts state legislature. They spoke about slavery and abolitionism. People were very shocked. They helped attract thousands of women in New England to the movement. Many came to hear Sarah and Angelina speak at public lectures.

In 1838, Sarah wrote a paper called "Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women." It answered many questions which were asked in a letter by a group of ministers who did not like the sisters because they had stepped out of their "woman's proper sphere".

When Sarah was 80, she tried to vote.
They lived to see the end to slavery, and the beginning of women's rights.

Other websites
--------------


Wikisource has the text of the 1911 *Encyclopædia Britannica* article ***Grimké, Sarah Moore and Angelina Emily***.

* Letters on the Equality of the Sexes; Letters to Catharine E. Beecher Archived 2011-01-06 at the Wayback Machine Sunshine for Women, 2000.
* An Epistle to the Clergy of the Southern States Archived 2007-06-11 at the Wayback Machine, Sarah Grimké, 1836.
* Grimké sisters’ anti-slavery message revived in Massachusetts state house Archived 2008-08-29 at the Wayback Machine NECN.com
**Gene silencing** is a general term describing epigenetic processes of gene regulation. It is used to describe the "switching off" of a gene by a mechanism other than genetic engineering. That is, a gene which would be expressed ("turned on") under normal circumstances is switched off by machinery in the cell. When a gene is silenced, it means that its RNA is unable to make a protein.

Genes are regulated at either the transcriptional stage, or later, before translation. 

**Transcriptional** gene silencing is done by histone modifications, which put heterochromatin around a gene. This means the transcriptional machinery (RNA polymerase, transcription factors, etc.) cannot get at the gene. Genes may be silenced by DNA methylation. This happens regularly during development, when genes are turned on and off at different stages.

**Post-transcriptional** gene silencing is done by blocking or destroying the mRNA of a particular gene. The destruction of the mRNA prevents translation to form an active gene product (in most cases, a protein). A common way mRNA gets silenced is by RNAi. 

Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing are used to regulate genes. Methods of gene silencing also protect the organism's genome from transposons and viruses. Gene silencing thus may be part of an ancient immune system protecting cells from such infectious DNA and RNA.