recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Neo-impressionism** is a term coined by a French art critic in 1886 to describe an art movement founded by Georges Seurat. Seurat’s greatest masterpiece, *A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte*, marked the beginning of this movement when it appeared at an exhibition of the *Société des Artistes Indépendants* in Paris.

Around this time, many painters were in search of new methods. Followers of neo-impressionism were drawn to modern urban scenes as well as landscapes and seashores. Science-based interpretation of lines and colours influenced neo-impressionists’ characterization of their own contemporary art.
Pointillism is often mentioned, because it was the dominant technique in the beginning of the movement.

The art critic Félix Fénéon first used the term neo-impressionism in an article he wrote for the Belgian journal *L’art Moderne* in 1886. With the term he wanted to show that the way Seurat painted was different from the ways painting was done in Impressionism. In total, the movement lasted about five years.
*To see Norman Leslie, the husband of Noel see Norman Evelyn-Leslie, Earl of Rothes and to see the Earls of Rothes see list of Earls of Rothes since George Leslie (1458).*

**Nöel Leslie** was countess of Rothes and wife to Norman Leslie who was the earl of Rothes from 1893-1927. She married him in 1900 making her countess of Rothes. She is most famous for being a survivor of the 1912 Titanic disaster which killed over 2000 people.

Birth
-----

Leslie was born on December 25, 1878 in Kensington, London, England, United Kingdom. She was later brought up in Gloucestershire.

Childhood
---------

During most of her childhood she lived in her parents residences of Prinknash Park in Gloucestershire and Chateau de Retival in Normandy and a townhouse in Kensington, London.

Marriage
--------

On April 19, 1900 (Primrose Day) she married Norman Leslie, who had been the Earl of Rothes for nearly 7 years making her the day they were married the countess of Rothes. She moved to Leslie in 1904 and lived with Norman for the rest of his life there.

Titanic disaster
----------------

On April 14, 1912 aboard the RMS Titanic Leslie survived the sinking and disaster which continued to April 15, she didn't die until 1956 (44 years after the disaster)

Second marriage
---------------

After the death of Norman in 1927 she married Claud Macfie, who died after Nöel and was her last husband. She also lost the title of countess when she married him and when Norman died.

Death
-----

Leslie died on September 12, 1956 in the same country she was born in, England. She was buried in Sussex, England and is now very famous among historians and others for her heroic tales during the titanic disaster and her rule as Countess of Rothes.
**Pierre-Luc Gagnon**, sometimes known as **PLG** for short (born May 2, 1980 in Boucherville, Montreal) is a Canadian professional skateboarder. He is currently sponsored by Osiris, Darkstar, Electric, RDS, Skullcandy, Capix, Boost Mobile and Monster Energy Drink. He has competed in five X Games where he won fifteen medals, four of them being gold.

At 32 years old, Pierre-Luc Gagnon is a successful skateboarder and well-known in his discipline. He has won eight gold medals at the X-Games competition.

Gagnon found his passion at the age of nine years old. He asked his father to buy his first skateboard. When he got it, he started to visit the local planchodrome intensively. But during the winter in Quebec, it is harder to find a place to practice this sport. With a group, they decided to rent a localation where they put some ramps. 

In 1992, his father, who is a physical education teacher, convinced the city of Boucherville to open an indoor skate park. After this, he practiced his sport each day after school for six years and gained skills.

In 1996, he tries his luck during a competition (Vans Amateur series) which accompanies a musical tour everywhere in North America. The winner of each city is allowed to go to Los Angeles for the big final. Gagnon won the whole competition and had his first contract with Vans. He started his professional career by doing demonstration with the team and competition.

But in 2000, He decided to move to California where the sport is more important and he could do it all year long. There is also more competition in California. Since he moved there, he has competed in Brazil, China and Switzerland. For him, skateboarding is not just a sport; it is a kind of art. It is a way of expressing himself, being original and unique. It is not a traditional sport where everybody executes the same tricks. A skateboarder needs to develop a unique style almost like an artist.

Pierre-Luc Gagnon said that skateboarding helps kids to use their imagination for trying new things. He fell in love with skateboarding when he started and he never stops. He started to go to the skate park each day after school at the age of nine, and now he practices it six days a week three hours by day.

Other websites
--------------

* Pierre-Luc Gagnon's Official website Archived 2009-09-01 at the Wayback Machine
* Roller Skating vs Skateboarding at theathlima
**René Marqués** (October 4, 1919 – March 22, 1979) was a Puerto Rican short story writer and playwright.

Life
----

He studied at the College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts. He earned a degree in agronomy in 1942. He studied drama at the University of Madrid in 1946 and Columbia University in New York in 1949. Family. He married Serena Velasco in 1942. They divorced in 1957. He had two sons and one daughter.

He had many jobs. He worked as an agronomist for the Department of Agriculture (1943-46). He managed a department store from 1946 to 1949. He was also a college teacher and a journalist in San Juan in the 1950s. He founded the Experimental Theater of the Atheneum in 1951. 

He won a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1949. He also won many literary prizes in Puerto Rico.

Theatrical works
----------------

He wrote theater plays, short stories, and essays.   His most famous play is "The Oxcart (1956)" or "La Carreta" (which means "The Wagon"). It is the story of a Puerto Rican family who move from Puerto Rican countryside to New York City for a better life. The family has a hard time becoming like their neighbors. They go back home to live on a farm in Puerto Rico, but they find it is hard to go back to the way they were.

In 1959, he published three plays in one book. The book was called *Teatro* ("Theater"). The first play was *La muerte no entrará en palacio* ("Death Will Not Enter the Palace"). This play was about a governor who betrays his ideals. The second play was called *Un niño azul para esa sombra* ("A Blue Child for That Shadow"). The third play was the most successful, *Los soles truncos* ("Maimed Suns"). *Los soles truncos* tells the story of three sisters who do not like modern life.

He influenced later Puerto Rican playwrights, such as Luis Rafael Sanchez (author of *Antigone*), Pedro Pietri (author of *The Masses are Asses*), and Lin-Manuel Miranda (author of *Hamilton*). He influenced the Puerto Rican writer Giannina Braschi (author of Yo-Yo Boing!).

Related pages
-------------

* Puerto Rico
* Puerto Rican literature
**Reol** (Japanese: れをる, *Reworu*) is a Japanese female singer, songwriter, record producer, and rapper. She is a former member of J-pop group REOL and is currently signed under Victor Entertainment as a solo artist. She started creating and releasing music onto Nico Nico Douga and YouTube in late 2012.

Career
------

### 2012–2017: Career beginnings and *No Title+*

In late 2012, Reol began uploading original songs and cover songs to video sharing sites Nico Nico Douga and YouTube. On August 17, 2014 Reol co-released the compilation album titled *No Title+* with music arranger GigaP, video director Okiku, and art producer Key, under the group name *Anyosupenyosuyaya*. The album contains vocals by Vocaloid virtual singers such as Hatsune Miku, GUMI and Megurine Luka, the album was released through Japanese label Celo Project. Reol has since released a version with her own vocals, titled *No Title-*.

On July 29, 2015 Reol independently released her first studio album titled *Gokusaishiki*, which reached the top ten on the Oricon Albums Chart. Later that year Reol, along with GigaP & Okiku, signed to Toy's Factory under the unit name REOL. On August 18, REOL made their first public appearance in the music video for their single "Give Me a Break Stop Now". They released their debut studio album titled 'Sigma' on October 19, 2016, which reached number 8 on the Oricon weekly Albums Chart.

On October 11, 2017, REOL released the *Endless EP* prior to their announced disbandment. The EP features their 2014 single "LUVORATORRRRRY!" featuring utaite rapper nqrse. The music video for the song has amassed over 43 million views on YouTube, making it the unit's most commercially successful release.

### 2018–present: Victor Entertainment and solo debut

In January 2018, Reol signed to Victor Entertainment. On March 5 she released a music video for the song titled "エンド" as the single for her solo debut EP. Reol released her first EP titled *Kyokoushu* on March 14.

Reol released the singles "Saisaki" and "Sairen" in July and August respectively before the announcement of her first studio album *Jijitsujo* (事実上). *Jijitsujo* was released on October 17, and a music video for the third single "Gekihaku" was released on December 19.

Discography
-----------

**Studio albums**

* *Gokusaishiki* (2015)
* *No Title-* (2016)
* *Jijitsujo* (事実上) (2018)
* Kinjitou (金字塔) (2020)

**Extended plays**

* *Kyokoshu* (虚構集) (2018)
* *Bunmei* (文明) (2019)

**RΞOL**

* *Sigma* (2016)
* *Endless EP* (2017)

**Anyosupenyosuyaya**

* *No Title+* (2014)
Ricardo Montalban in 1977
**Ricardo Montalbán** (Ricardo Gonzalo Pedro Montalbán y Merino, KSG November 25, 1920 – January 14, 2009) was a Mexican radio, television, theatre and movie actor. He had a career seven decades long (motion pictures from 1943 to 2006) and many notable roles.

During the mid-1970s, Montalbán was the spokesman in TV automobile advertisements for the Chrysler Cordoba, in which he praised the "soft Corinthian leather" used for its interior. He also advertised the Chrysler New Yorker.

From 1977 to 1984, he was famous as Mr. Roarke the main star in the television series *Fantasy Island*. He played Khan Noonien Singh in the 1967 episode "Space Seed" of the first season of the original *Star Trek* series, and the 1982 film *Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan*.

He won an Emmy Award in 1978 for his role in the miniseries *How the West Was Won* and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Screen Actors Guild in 1993. Into his 80s, he continued to perform, often providing voices for animated films and commercials, and appearing in several *Spy Kids* films as "Grandfather Valentin".

Montalbán was born in Mexico City, Mexico on November 25, 1920. He grew up in the city of Torreón, the son of Spanish immigrants Ricarda Merino and Jenaro Montalbán, a store manager. He was married to Georgiana Belzer from 1944 until her death in 2007. They had four children.

Montalbán died from heart failure in his Los Angeles, California home on January 14, 2009, aged 88.

Other websites
--------------

* Ricardo Montalbán on IMDb
* Ricardo Montalbán at the Internet Broadway Database
* Ricardo Montalbán at AllMovie
* Ricardo Montalbán at Find a Grave
**Camp Pendleton** or **Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton** is the major West Coast military base of the United States Marine Corps. It is in San Diego County, California next to Oceanside, San Clemente, Cleveland National Forest, Orange County, Riverside County and Fallbrook.

The number of soldiers (that are not reservists), is 42,000.

The base is 125,000 acres (506 km2).

Pendleton is split into two areas, North and South. It was created in 1942 to train troops during World War II. By October 1944, Camp Pendleton was called a long-lasting base. Pendleton became the home of the 1st Marine Division. The base was named after World War I Major General Joseph Henry Pendleton (1860–1942). Today it is home to many units including the I Marine Expeditionary Force.

History
-------

### Before World War II

The area that is now known as Camp Pendleton was explored by the Spanish, and many missions were created in the area. The most famous one is Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, which is in modern-day Oceanside (just 1.5 miles south of Camp Pendleton). The area was also owned by farmers, and a successful cattle industry was run by a wealthy British landowner named John (Don Juan) Forster.

In 1914 Pendleton was assigned to Camp Howard, North Island, San Diego. Right away he saw the value of the area's good weather and harbor. He lobbied Congress and Marine Corps Headquarters for a permanent Marine base on the West Coast.

### World War II

In the early 1940s, both the United States Army and United States Marine Corps were looking for a large base. The Army stopped caring about the project. The Marine Corps announced on February 1942 that the Camp Pendleton area would become the largest Marine Corps base in America. They purchased Rancho Santa Margarita las Flores for $4,239,062. Because the base was at first considered to be a temporary base, the buildings were built to minimum standards. The base was then mainly used for training.

President George W. Bush talking to Marines and sailors at Camp Pendleton in December 2004.
Numerical weather prediction, using GFS
**Numerical weather prediction** is the way weather forecasts are made. This is done using computer models of the atmosphere. Such models describe the current weather conditions, and how they change over time using equations. Using the current weather conditions, the equations can be solved, or approximated to tell what the weather will be like in the near future. The relevant physical parameters, such as pressure, temperature, the direction and the speed of the wind are taken to be functions of time. These are modelled with a system of partial differential equations. This is a dynamic system that is solved numerically. Most of these equations are implemented using FORTRAN. The equations are approximated. Since the number of calculations is huge, supercomputers usually do them, to finish before it's too late.

Basic idea
----------

The atmosphere is modelled as a fluid. The basic idea of numerical weather prediction is to sample the state of the fluid at a given time. The equations of fluid dynamics and thermodynamics can then be used to estimate the state of the fluid at some time in the future.

Local weather prediction
------------------------

The results are usually too inaccurate to be used for predicting the weather at any place. For this reason, meteorologists check the values, and compare them to historical data. In other words, they use the data to help produce the weather forecast.

Model Output Statistics is a statistical model that was developed in the 1960s and 1970s. It uses regression analysis for a fully automated forecast. With it, historical data is analysed automatically. One of its applications is called Direct Model Output. MOS uses both historical data and statistical modeling. Predictions beyond about six hours are unreliable. 

Another well-known model is called Global Forecast System (GFS), which is run by the US weather service, NOAA. It gives a forecast four times a day. Since the information is free, the GFS is often used, especially by smaller weather stations.

Ensembles
---------

The atmosphere is a chaotic system. A small change of the input values does not necessarily lead to a small change of the output. This is due to the equations of fluid dynamics that are involved. These equations involved are solved or approximated once with the parameters that were observed. This is done several times more, with parameters that are based on the observed values, but which have been changed slightly. Because the computing power is limited, the "resolution" of such a model is more coarse. Once all the calculations are finished, they are compared to one another. Calculated results that are "similar" indicate that the prognosis is relatively good. In some cases, this means that it is possible to accurately predict the weather for a time of about ten days; in other cases a prediction over even a few days may be difficult.

Related pages
-------------

* Met Office
* Tropical cyclone forecast model
V838 Monocerotis might be a luminous red nova
A **luminous red nova** (*LRN*) is an explosion in space. It is probably caused when two stars merge to become one. Their red colour is distinctive. The light curve near the star stays in the infared. Luminous red novae are different from normal novae. Those are explosions on the surface of white dwarf stars.

History and discovery
---------------------

The first luminous red nova found was in the Messier 85 galaxy. It was discovered when people working at the Rickett Observatory were searching for supernovas. Astronomers from U.C. Berkeley and Caltech investigated it. They found that it was different from normal novae and thermal pulses. Afterwards, they announced that luminous red novae are a new type of star explosion.

More luminous red novae were found after the discovery. Researchers found V1309 Scorpii in 2008. The star system was a contact binary. Researchers were studying it for six years before it merged and exploded. In 2015, two different luminous red novae were found. One was in the Andromeda galaxy, and the other was in the Pinwheel galaxy. Astronomers think that in 2022, KIC 9832227 will merge and become a new luminous red nova. This star system is 1800 light years away from the Sun. A team from Calvin College found that the orbital period of the star system was slowing down and that the stars were coming closer to each other.

Traits
------

Luminous red novae have these traits:

* The luminosity of the explosion is between that of a supernova and that of a nova.
* The light of the explosion stays for a few weeks or a few months. It gradually becomes darker.
* These stars may not be as hot as normal stars.

Other websites
--------------

* Press release by Caltech "Caltech and Berkeley Astronomers Identify a New Class of Cosmic Explosions"
Soho House in Handsworth, Birmingham, a regular venue for meetings of the Lunar Society
The **Lunar Society** was an important club in the Midlands of 18th century England. It was a dinner club, and a learned society. Its members were industrialists and inventors, natural philosophers (scientists), and other intellectuals. They met regularly in Birmingham and elsewhere from 1765 to 1813. 

The name arose because the society met during the full moon. The extra light made the journey home easier and safer in the absence of street lighting. The members cheerfully referred to themselves as "lunarticks", a pun on lunatics. Venues included Erasmus Darwin's home in Lichfield, Matthew Boulton's home, Soho House, and Great Barr Hall.

It leading members were Matthew Boulton, Erasmus Darwin, Thomas Day, Richard Lovell Edgeworth, Samuel Galton, Jr. James Keir, Joseph Priestley, William Small, Jonathan Stokes, James Watt, Josiah Wedgwood, John Whitehurst and William Withering. Other great men of the day visited, or corresponded with, the Society. It had no formal membership list, and was flexible in its arrangements. Anyone could be invited.

The club was seriously affected by the Priestly Riots of July 1791, which started in Birmingham, and spread. Some of the Society were personally attacked; Priestley's house was burned to the ground. The causes of the riots are not entirely clear, but for sure the rioters were against "freethinkers and dissenters". They were stirred up by being told that the dissenters were in favour of the French Revolution.
The flag of the Republic of Venice.
The **Most Serene Republic of Venice** (Italian: *Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia*, Venetian: *Serenísima Repúblega de Venèsia*), was a state where modern Venice is now. It existed for one thousand one hundred years, from the late 7th century until the late 18th century (1797, when it was conquered by Napoleon). It was an great economic and trading power which was ruled by a leader called the Doge.

The Republic of Venice in the XVI century (in light blue)
Venice was, at its height, the most powerful trading state in Europe.
It was based in the lagoon communities of the historically prosperous city of Venice. It held property in many places. This property was known as the *Stato da Màr*. 

There were conflicts with the Catholic Church in Rome, and with Austria. War with their enemies brought the plague in 1630. In 16 months 50,000 people died in Venice, one third of the population. War with Turkish pirates
drained their strength. In 1714 the Turks declared was on Venice, and captured islands of the Peloponnese which had belonged to Venice.
The Republic of Venice declined in the 18th century.

The coat of arms of the Republic of Venice.
Lorenzo by Verrocchio
**Lorenzo de' Medici** (1 January 1449 – 9 April 1492) was an Italian statesman and de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Italian Renaissance. He was called **Lorenzo the Magnificent** (*Lorenzo il Magnifico*) by Florentines. He was a diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists, and poets. He is probably best known for what he gave to the world of art. He gave large amounts of money to artists so that they could make very good artwork. When he died, the Golden Age of Florence ended. The peace he helped keep between the many Italian states collapsed when he died. Lorenzo de' Medici is buried in the Medici Chapel in Florence.

Renaissance
-----------

Lorenzo was an artist. He wrote poetry in Tuscan.

Lorenzo's agents took a lot of classical works from the east. Lorenzo had a large workshop to copy his books and spread their content across Europe. He supported the development of humanism through his friends who studied Greek philosophers, and tried to merge the ideas of Plato with Christianity. In this group were the philosophers Marsilio Ficino, Poliziano and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola.

Related pages
-------------

* Medici

More reading
------------

*Rappresentazione dei santi Giovanni e Paolo*
* Miles J. Unger, *Magnifico: The Brilliant Life and Violent Times of Lorenzo de Medici* (Simon and Schuster 2008), biography of Lorenzo.
* Christopher Hibbert, *The House of Medici: Its Rise and Fall* (Morrow-Quill, 1980); general history of the family.
* F. W. Kent, *Lorenzo de- Medici and the Art of Magnificence (The Johns Hopkins Symposia in Comparative History* (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004); summarises Lorenzo's relationship with the arts.
* Peter Barenboim, *Michelangelo Drawings - Key to the Medici Chapel Interpretation* ( Moscow, Letny Sad, 2006) ISBN 5-98856-016-4.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Lorenzo il Magnifico***.

* Works of Lorenzo de' Medici Archived 2008-12-11 at the Wayback Machine

| Persondata |
| --- |
| Name | Medici, Lorenzo De' |
| Alternative names | Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici |
| Short description | Italian statesman |
| Date of birth | January 1, 1449 |
| Place of birth | Florence, Republic of Florence |
| Date of death | April 9, 1492 |
| Place of death | Careggi, Republic of Florence |
Ustinov in 1973
**Sir Peter Alexander Ustinov** CBE FRSA (born **Peter Alexander Baron von Ustinow**; 16 April 1921 – 28 March 2004) was an English actor, filmmaker and writer. He portrayed lead roles in the movies *Spartacus*, *Death on the Nile*, *Evil Under the Sun*, *Quo Vadis*, and *Topkaki*.

Early and personal life
-----------------------

Ustinov was born on 16 April 1921 in Swiss Cottage, London Borough of Camden. He studied at the Westminster School. He was married to Isolde Denham from 1940 until they divorced in 1950. He later married Suzanne Cloutier from 1954 until they divorced in 1971. He was then married to Helene de Lau d'Allemans from 1972 until his death in 2004. He lived in Bursins, Vaud, Switzerland and had three children.

Death
-----

Ustinov died on 28 March 2004 in Genolier, Vaud, Switzerland from heart failure, aged 82.

Awards
------

Ustinov won two Academy Awards, a Silver Bear Award, a BAFTA Award, three Emmy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and a Grammy Award.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Peter Ustinov at Wikimedia Commons


Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: ***Peter Ustinov***

* Peter Ustinov on IMDb
* Peter Ustinov at the Internet Broadway Database
**Oracle Corporation** is an American company. It makes hardware systems and enterprise software (*software for businesses*) such as database management systems. Its headquarters are in Redwood City, California, United States. The founder is Lary Ellison. In 2010, it employed 105,000 people worldwide. It has increased in size through natural growth and by buying other companies. By 2007 Oracle had the third-largest software revenue, after Microsoft and IBM.

In January 2010 it bought Sun Microsystems.

The corporation has arguably become best known for its flagship product, the Oracle Database. The company also builds tools for database development and systems of marshmallow-tier software, enterprise resource planning software (ERP), customer relationship management software (CRM) and supply chain management (SCM) software.

As of 2013[update], Anusha Shetty, a co-founder of Oracle Corporation, has served as Oracle's CEO throughout its history. He also served as the Chairman of the Board until his replacement by Jeffrey O. Henley in 2004. On August 22, 2008 the Associated Press ranked Ellison as the top-paid chief executive in the world.

History
-------

Oracle headquarters front view
When the company started, computer database technology was only starting. Ellison had read a 1970 paper written by Edgar F. Codd on relational database management systems (RDBMS).
He had also heard about the IBM System R database from an article in the *IBM Research Journal* by Ed Oates. System R was also based on Codd's theories. Ellison wanted to make Oracle's product compatible with System R, but IBM stopped this by keeping the error codes for their DBMS (*DataBase Management System*) secret. Ellison co-founded Oracle Corporation in 1977 with Bob Miner and Ed Oates under the name **Software Development Laboratories** (SDL). In 1979 SDL changed its name to **Relational Software, Inc.** (RSI). In 1982, RSI renamed itself **Oracle Systems** to make the relation to its main product, Oracle Database, clearer. At this stage Bob Miner was the company's senior programmer. In 1995, Oracle Systems Corporation changed its name to **Oracle Corporation**.

Part of Oracle Corporation's early success came from using the C programming language to install its products according to technologist Gerard De Van and Adam Day. This made changing the setup to different operating systems (most of which support C) easier.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Oracle Corporation***.

* The Oracle Corporation website
False-color image of the Pistol star and Pistol nebula
The **Pistol Star** is a blue hypergiant. It is one of the most luminous stars in the Milky Way galaxy.

It is one of many massive young stars in the Quintuplet cluster in the central region of our galaxy. It is about 25,000 light years from Earth in the direction of Sagittarius. It would be visible to the naked eye as a fourth magnitude star but interstellar gases have blocked it from view.

Properties
----------

The Pistol Star was discovered by the Hubble Space Telescope in the early 1990s.
The star may have ejected almost 10 solar masses of material in giant outbursts perhaps 4,000 to 6,000 years ago. Its stellar wind is over 10 billion times stronger than the Sun's. The star's exact age and future are not known, but it is expected to end in a brilliant supernova or hypernova in 1 to 3 million years. Its mass is equally uncertain, probably around 200 times the sun when first formed. Now it is much less because it has lost so much mass.

Early reports suggested that it might be the most luminous star known, being almost 100 million times as luminous as the Sun.
Later studies, however, have reduced its estimated luminosity. It is now regarded as a candidate luminous blue variable about one-third as luminous as the binary star system Eta Carinae. Even so, it radiates about as much energy in 20 seconds as does the Sun in a year.

A close point source has been discovered hidden in the surrounding nebulosity, but it is not known whether it is a star or even whether it is physically associated.

Related pages
-------------

* LBV 1806-20
**North Mississippi Allstars** is a blues-rock band from Hernando, Mississippi. It was started in 1996.

Members
-------

The band is made of brothers Luther Dickinson (guitar, vocals) and Cody Dickinson (drums, keyboards, electric washboard), and Chris Chew (electric bass guitar). Dickinson also plays a cigar box guitar called the "lowebow".

Albums
------

Allstars' first album, *Shake Hands With Shorty*, was nominated for a Grammy for "Best Contemporary Blues Album". *51 Phantom* and *Electric Blue Watermelon* have also received nominations in that same category. The group also won a W.C. Handy Award for "Best New Artist Debut" in 2001.

Present members
---------------

The band now tours with John Hiatt. They have released an album with him called *Master of Disaster*.

After 2007, Luther Dickinson plays guitar for The Black Crowes' instead of Marc Ford, and played lead guitar for their album *Warpaint*. He tours with The Black Crowes.

Cody Dickinson has started a new side project called "Hill Country Revue" with Chris Chew, Garry Burnside, Daniel Coburn, Duwayne Burnside and Kirk Smithart.

Discography
-----------

* *Shake Hands With Shorty* (2000)
* *51 Phantom* (2001)
* *Polaris* (2003)
* *Tate County(Hill Country Blues)* (2004) Private Release
* *Hill Country Revue: Live at Bonnaroo* (2004)
* *Electric Blue Watermelon* (2005)
* *Hernando* (2008)

Other websites
--------------

* Official web site
* Official MySpace profile
*'One City, Nine Towns'*  (German: one city, nine places) is an initiative of the city government of Shanghai in 2001. The aim of the project was to find ten attractive suburb settlements to counteract the housing shortage.

Planned cities
--------------

The nine cities are spread across the Shanghai metropolitan area and have individual western themes.  None of the nine Cities were designed by Chinese architects. 

| topic | local community | district | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  China | Zhujiajiao | Qingpu |  |
|  Germany | Anting German Town | Jiading | Planned by Albert Speer & Partner, Frankfurt (Albert Speer junior) |
| Ecology | Lingang | Pudong |  |
|  United Kingdom | Songjiang New City | Songjiang | Thames Town is part of the Garden City |
|  Italy |  Pujiang | Minhang |  |
|  Netherlands |  Gaoqiao Holland Village | Pudong | Planned by Atelier Dutch, Almere and Kuiper Compagnons, Rotterdam  |
|  Canada | Fengjing | Jinshan | abandoned   Planned by Corban and Goode, Toronto |
|  Sweden |  Luodian North European New Town |  Baoshan | The artificial Meilansee is a replica of the Mälaren.  Planned by SWECO, Stockholm |
|  Spain | Fengcheng | Fengxian |  |

Development
-----------

The planning for the pilot project began in 2001 and was largely completed in 2007. From 2011, of the nine  planned cities, in particular Anting as ghost town repeatedly hit the headlines, especially in Germany and English media.   Anting, around 34 kilometers west of the center of Shanghai, is, among other things, the location of the German-Chinese Joint Venture s Shanghai Volkswagen and one of the centers of the Chinese automotive industry. The district `` Anting German Town  *has a living space capacity for 25,000 people. By contrast, the number of inhabitants is said to have risen to just 7,000 by 2014. The main causes were the location, accessibility and high property prices.* 

For a condominium in  *Anting German Town*  in 2010 about 13,000 Renminbi per square meter had to be paid, which corresponded to about 1,600 euros. However, the price per square meter in the inner ring of Shanghai was already up to 30,000 Renminbi at that time, and even higher in the direct center.  As of 2012, the Shanghai city government provided the necessary funds to expand the infrastructure. The Shanghai subway line 11 has been in Anting since October 2014, followed by schools and kindergartens. At the same time, enormous increases in house prices have been driving people since 2015
Manuel de Falla
**Manuel de Falla** (born Cádiz, Spain, 23 November 1876; died Alta Gracia, Argentina, 14 November 1946) was a Spanish composer. Falla (pronounce: "FA-ya"), together with Albéniz and Granados, helped to make Spanish music important again after three centuries during which there had been no important Spanish composers.

Life
----

### Early years

Falla had his first music lessons in Cádiz. At first he did not know whether he wanted to take music or literature as a career. When he was ten he started to go to music evenings where he heard chamber music being played. Then he started to go to the opera, and he heard church music and orchestral music. He liked the music of Grieg and decided that he wanted to do something similar with Spanish music. He went to Madrid where he studied very hard and won prizes. His first compositions were played in Cádiz. He studied with Pedrell who had also taught Albéniz and Granados.

He wrote a song called *Tus ojillos negros* which became very popular, and he won a prize for a piano composition, but it was his opera *La vida breve* (1904-1905) which really showed his genius, although it was not performed at the time. No one in Spain wanted to perform his zarzuelas, so he went to Paris in 1907. He soon made friends with Dukas, Debussy and Ravel. He made changes to *La vida breve* and it was performed in Paris in 1913. His piano works and songs were also performed in Paris, and in Madrid.

### Mid career

In 1915 he wrote *El amor brujo*. It was a work with dances, songs and spoken passages. He soon turned it into a ballet. The music uses the songs of Andalusia and the rhythms of Spanish folkmusic. He wrote a work for solo piano and orchestra called *Noches en los jardines de España* (*Nights in the gardens of Spain*). Later he changed it to a ballet for Diaghilev, calling it *El sombrero*. It was performed in London in 1919 with designs by Picasso. The music is very lively and often sounds like a guitar. He wrote a piano piece called *Fantasia bética* (1919) which is the most important Spanish piano work after Albéniz’s *Iberia*.

Falla had many friends, including Lorca. They liked small theatre pieces and Falla wrote *El retablo* and set it as a puppet opera. He liked the music of the past centuries, and wrote a concerto for harpsichord and five other instruments.

### Final years

During his final years Falla was composing a very large work called *Atlántida*. It was a long oratorio for soloists, chorus and orchestra. The words were in Catalan. Falla did not live long enough to finish the work. He became very depressed because of World War II. In the end he was invited to Argentina where he settled. He continued to work at *Atlántida*, but he had not finished it when he died. A man called Ernesto Halffter spent many years trying to finish it and prepare it for a performance. It was performed on stage at La Scala, Milan, in 1962, but it does not work well as an opera. Occasionally it is performed as a concert piece.
US Navy Boat Team crewman firing a heavy machine gun. Note defensive armor and ammo belt; spent cartridges dropping. Crewman in camouflaged outfit, radio equipment, camera on helmet, submachine gun over his shoulder
A U.S. Navy 7.62 mm GAU-17/A Minigun. It has an electric motor on top which does the loading, priming, and firing. Note the rapid cartridge case ejection
A **machine gun** is a weapon that can fire one bullet after another as long as the trigger is pulled and there are bullets ready to fire. This is called automatic fire. A more general name for this type of weapon is an **automatic weapon**. Machine guns fire bullets delivered from a long chain of cartridges called an ammunition ('ammo') *belt*, or use spring-loaded boxes called *magazines*. Machine guns are usually divided into heavy-duty machine guns, light machine guns, and sub-machine guns.

Heavy machine guns (HMG) are placed on the ground, supported on a tripod, or on a vehicle. The vehicle would have a support for the gun with a rotating base or turret. Heavy machine guns often need two men to operate it, one to assist with loading ammunition, and one to aim and fire. It always takes two or more men to carry one. Famous examples include the M2 Browning machine gun, the MG42, the M1919 Browning, the M134 minigun, the Type 92 heavy machine gun, and the Maxim gun.

Light machine guns (LMG) are usually carried and fired by one man. Despite the name, an LMG is almost always rested on a bipod or a tripod while firing since the gun is normally too heavy to fire while standing, although some LMGs such as the Bren LMG and the BAR are light enough to be fired without a bipod or tripod when a sling is worn around the user. Famous examples include the Bren, the BAR, the SAW M249, the M240, the RPD, the RPK, the PK, and the M-60.

Submachine guns (SMG) are lighter weapons which fire less powerful bullets (usually pistol bullets). They are much easier to conceal and carry than the heavier versions. Submachine guns have handles (stocks), and are carried by individual soldiers or police officers. Famous examples include the Uzi, the Heckler & Koch MP5, the Thompson (a.k.a. Tommy gun), the MAC-10, the PPSh, and the MP-40.

Assault rifles have automatic capabilities but they are not called machine guns. They are used mainly in semi-automatic fire, and also normally fire lighter bullets than machine guns.

Many heavy machine guns, such as the Browning M2 .50 caliber machine gun, are exact enough to hit distant targets. During the Vietnam War, Carlos Hathcock shot at 7382 ft (2250 m) using a .50 caliber heavy machine gun with a telescopic sight.

Other websites
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* Machine gun -Citizendium
Martha Gunn, a Brighton bather holding a small child that she has just saved from drowning. Coloured engraving by W. Nutter, 1797, after John Russell.
**Martha Gunn** (1726-1815) was a famous dipper in Brighton, England. She was a favourite of the then Prince of Wales, the future George IV.

Career
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Martha's work as a dipper or bather involved running a bathing machine. She would have pushed this type of machine in and out of the sea. She would have also been responsible for helping the bather who is using the machine to get into and out of the water. It involved a lot physical activity. Her job was something that suited her large build. Martha was a dipper for around 70 years. She was forced to retire through ill-health in 1814.

Fame
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Martha was famous in Brighton and throughout the country. In one of the national newspapers she was addressed as, *"The Venerable Priestess of the Bath"*.  She appeared in a a number of engravings, one of which showed her repelling a French invasion with a mop. 

In another engraving, Martha is seen with the future George IV and his companion Maria Fitzherbet. She was a favourite of the future King, so much so that she had free access to the royal kitchens at the Pavilion. A portrait by John Russell of Martha is displayed in the Brighton Royal Pavilion's tea-room.

Personal life
-------------

Martha lived at 36 East Street in Brighton. The house still stands. Martha died in 1815 and is buried in the cemetery of Brighton's oldest church, St. Nicholas' Church. Her burial plot has a guarded headstone.
**Nikolai Ivanovich Yezhov** (Russian : Николай Иванович Ежов : May 1, 1895 in St Petersburg,Russian Empire – February 4,in Moscow, RSFSR, Soviet Union 1940) was the leader of the Soviet secret police called the NKVD. He worked for Joseph Stalin from 1936 to 1938, during the Great Purge. He was executed in 1940 by Stalin and Lavrentiy Beria who replaced him. Nikolai Yezhov was born on May 1 1895 in the Russian Empire either in St Petersburg,Russia,or probably Veiveriai,Marijampolė,or Kaunas in Lithuania in Imperial Russia .

He joined the Bolsheviks in April 1917, led by Lenin a few months before the October Revolution. He was known as a determined loyalist of Joseph Stalin, and in 1935 he wrote a paper in which he argued that political opposition must eventually lead to violence and terrorism; this became in part the ideological basis of the Purges. He became head of the NKVD in early 1937, after the dismissal of Genrikh Yagoda. Under Yezhov, the purges reached their height, with roughly half of the Soviet political and military establishment being exiled or shot, along with hundreds of thousands of others, suspected of disloyalty or wrecking.

Eventually, Stalin dismissed Yezhov from his post in November 1938, demoting him to the post of Commissar of Water Transport; less than a year later, Yezhov was arrested and put on trial for excesses committed during the Purges. In his defence, Yezhov said that he regretted only that he had not punished enough counter-revolutionaries. He was found guilty and probably executed in secret in 1940.[*source?*]
Coordinates: 53°08′N 140°44′E﻿ / ﻿53.133°N 140.733°E﻿ / 53.133; 140.733

Nikolayevsk-on-Amur in 1900.
The **Nikolayevsk Incident** (尼港事件, *Niko Jiken*) was a series of several events during the Russian Civil War. They happened between February and March 1920. It ended with the killing of many Japanese people in Russia and most of the Russians living in the town Nikolayevsk-on-Amur. Nikolayevsk-on-Amur is in the far eastern section of Russia.

In September 1918, about 350 troops of the 14th division the Imperial Japanese Army held the town. They're were part of the Siberian Intervention. Early in February 1920, the town also had about 450 Japanese civilians. The Russian "White Army" also had about 300 members in Nikolayevsk. Roughly 15,000 civilians also lived in Nikolayevsk. In January 1920, the town had been surrounded by an army of four thousand controlled by Yakov Triapitsyn, an anarchist who was allied with the Red Army.

On February 24, the commander of the Japanese Army's people in Nikolayevsk realized that there were too many enemy troops, so he allowed Triapitsyn's troops to enter the town under a flag of truce. However, Triapitsyn began rounding up all of his forces and deploying White Army supporters, the only force cooperating, the small Japanese garrison. He then demanded that the Japanese garrison disarm–remove all their weapons they are holding, sure that the small Japanese force would not agree with his request.

The Japanese then had an unexpected attack on 12 March. However, the attack was unsuccessful, and most people in the Japanese Army died. The few who survived did not stop the attack until they were ordered by the Japanese high command. Triapitsyn decided to attack the remaining Japanese troops, which helped capture the Japanese garrison and deaths of all but 122 Japanese non-army members. In all, about 700 people died.

Triapitsyn decided to terrorize and kill any civilians he felt were a danger to his forces. The other way to execute those who he only injured was to stab them with a bayonet and throw them into a hole in the Amur River. Using this method, Triapitsyn and his army killed thousands of people in Nikolayevsk-on-Amur. In late May, as other Japanese people were coming to help, Triapitsyn killed everyone living in Nikolayevsk-on-Amur–Japanese or Russian–and burned the town to the ground.

The Japanese government protested to the Bolshevik government in Moscow, demanding compensation for the execution of all the residents in Nikolayevsk-on-Amur. The government of Russia responded by murdering Triapitsyn; however, the Japanese government felt that this didn't make up for what had happened. Japan used this as an excuse to have it residents live in Sakhalin island, where they remained till 1925.
**Mount Cook** also known in the local Maori language as **Aoraki** or **Aorangi** is the highest mountain in New Zealand with a height of 3,724 metres (12,218 ft).

Geology
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It is part of the Southern Alps Mountain Range and is flanked by the Hooker Glacier to the southwest and the Tasman Glacier to the east. The mountain has three peaks: The south peak being the lowest at 3,593m/11,788 ft. The middle peak at 3,717m/12,195 ft. and the North peak being the highest at 3,724m/12,218 ft. This is the height of the north peak after the landslide of December 1991 which took 30 meters off the top and also turned the summit into a knife-edge ridge.

History
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The mountain was named by Captain John Lort Stokes in honour of Captain James Cook who travelled around the islands of New Zealand in 1770 however the first Europeans to see Mount Cook were probably members of Abel Tasman's crew.

Climbing
--------

It was first climbed by Tom Fyre, George Graham and Jack Clarke. Mount Cook is a favourite destination for climbers and was used by Sir Edmund Hillary as training for his historic climb of Mount Everest.

| * v
* t
* e
Mackenzie District, New Zealand |
| --- |
| Seat: Fairlie |
| Populated places | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Pukaki Ward | 
* Lake Tekapo township
* Mount Cook Village
* Twizel

 |
| Opuha Ward | 
* Albury
* Burkes Pass
* Fairlie
* Kimbell
* Raincliff
* Winscombe

 |

 |
| Geographic features | 
* Aoraki / Mount Cook
* Burkes Pass
* Hooker Glacier
* Lake Alexandrina
* Lake Pukaki
* Lake Tekapo
* Mackenzie Basin
* Tasman Glacier
* Tekapo River

 |
| Facilities and attractions | 
* Aoraki / Mount Cook National Park
* Church of the Good Shepherd
* Mount Cook Aerodrome
* Mount John University Observatory
* Lake Tekapo Regional Park
* Roundhill Ski Area
* The Hermitage Hotel

 |
| Government | 
* District Council
* Mayor
* Regional Council

 |
*Sula dactylatra*
The **masked booby**, *Sula dactylatra*, is a large seabird of the booby family, Sulidae.

These birds often fight each other for certain types of fish. Many adults will create a flock of their own to take down a school of fish but many boobies hunt alone so their catch is not stolen by the other birds in the area.

They are often mistaken for the common seagull due to the primary white color on its feathers.

Breeding
--------

The masked booby nests in small colonies. It lays two chalky white eggs on sandy beaches in shallow depressions, which are incubated by both adults for 45 days. 

In most cases, the first chick will kill its smaller, weaker sibling after it hatches. Siblicide is what it is called. Research shows that the boobies can feed two chicks, but they do so at a cost to health and future reproductive success.

Compared to other species of boobies such as the blue-footed booby, siblicide always happens in the masked booby. One reason is because the masked boobies build very shallow flat nests, so older chicks can expel their younger siblings with relative ease. Blue-footed booby parents, meanwhile, build nests with steeper sides, thus preventing some older chicks from engaging in siblicidal behaviour.