recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Not to be confused with Emoinu.
**Haosi Namoinu** is a character of a Meitei folktale. She is the only daughter of Pokmabi Laoshigam Chanu and Senbi Loikenba. She was the apple of their eyes. Her father was a minister of the then Ancient Moirang kingdom, in charge of collecting tributes from the land of *Kabo* (present day Western Myanmar).

However, after her mother's untimely death, her father remarried with Nganurol Laoshigam Chanu (Loisingam Chanu), the sister of her mother. Spending a few days happily, Senbi Loikenba left for Kabo on the King's errand and during his absence, Haosi Namoinu was harshly treated by her stepmother. She was not allowed to go outside and play with her friends. She had to work as much hard as she could to satisfy her stepmother. Her bliss of household life was much worsened.
Her stepmother ordered her work after work and she completed it with no rest. She was forced to husk the rice, tired as she was, again she had to cook food for them and serve but she uttered no lamentation. Her stepmother's ruthlessness came to the highest degree and she ordered Haosi Namoinu, that if she wanted to join the feast (spring festival), she had to go to the maternal grandparents' house and bring a load of paddy rice (un-husked rice). She did so, but her stepmother was still not satisfied, and struck her head with a cookery utensil. Having being deprived of all youthful delights, the girl transformed herself into a Hari Nongnang (cicada) (or cricket in some version), with her clothes as wings and feathers, and flew away with ravishing tears.

This legendary account is engraved in as one of the two stories in the Khongjomnubi Nongarol.

Related pages
-------------

* List of Meitei folktales

* Khongjomnubi Nongarol
* Sandrembi Chaisra
* Uchek Langmeidong

Other websites
--------------

* Haosie Namoinu Meiteirol Ariba
* A Human turning Harinongnang
**Morris Jackson Brooks Jr.** (born April 29, 1954) is an American politician. He was the U.S. Representative for Alabama's 5th congressional district from 2011 to 2023. He is a Republican. 

In 2017, he ran and lost for the United States Senate seat vacated by Jeff Sessions upon his confirmation as U.S. Attorney General. In 2022, he ran for the U.S. Senate again to replace retiring Senator Richard Shelby however he lost the nomination to Katie Britt in the second round of voting.

Early political career
----------------------

Mo Brooks was first elected to the Alabama House of Representatives in 1982. When he was elected he was elected he was with 11 other Republican politicians out of 140 politicians in the Alabama House of Representatives. Mo Brooks was elected again in 1983, 1986, and 1990. He was the leader of the meetings that the Republicans did. 

In 1996, Mo Brooks ran for election for the Madison County Commission and won against the incumbent who had been there for eight years. He was elected again in 2000, 2004, and 2008.

United States House of Representatives
--------------------------------------

In 2010, Mo Brooks was elected to represent Alabama's 5th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives. He defeated Parker Griffith and was the first Republican to represent the district in more than 130 years. Brooks is on two United States congressional committees in the House. He is on the United States House Committee on Armed Services and the United States House Committee on Science, Space and Technology. He is also on smaller committees that are part of these committees. They are called "subcommittees". They are the United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Readiness, United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, and the United States House Science Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics.

Personal life
-------------

Mo Brooks married Martha Jenkins in 1976 and they have four children and ten grandchildren.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Mo Brooks at Wikimedia Commons
 Quotations related to Mo Brooks at Wikiquote

* Congressman Mo Brooks Archived 2011-06-30 at the Wayback Machine official U.S. House site
* Mo Brooks for Congress Archived 2021-02-05 at the Wayback Machine
* Mo Brooks at the Open Directory Project
* Appearances on C-SPAN
* 

* Biography at the *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*

* Voting record maintained by *The Washington Post*

* Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Vote Smart

* Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
Zurg is a fictional character created for the movie Toy Story and is the enemy of Buzz Lightyear.

Role in Toy Story
-----------------

Buzz Lightyear is a toy but thinks he’s a real superhero trying to stop an evil emperor named Zurg from destroying the Galactic Alliance. Buzz says that Zurg wants to create a weapon that can destroy an entire planet.

Role in Toy Story 2
-------------------

In Toy Story 2, Zurg is played by Andrew Stanton. Zurg is introduced in a Buzz Lightyear video game where Zurg kills Buzz but it turns out it is only a video game. Later on, a toy Zurg believes he’s actually an evil emperor and fights Buzz Lightyear. When Buzz says he won’t give up because Zurg killed Buzz’s father, Zurg says he is Buzz’s father. After Zurg falls out of an elevator and gets amnesia, then Zurg remembers he’s Buzz’s father and plays catch with him.

Role in Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins
------------------------------------------------------------

In the movie Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins, Zurg pays Buzz’s friend Warp Darkmatter to become a supervillain called Agent Z, invades a planet, steals something called the Unimind and turns it into a mind control weapon that he uses to enslave every planet in the Universe but Buzz Lightyear beats Zurg and Zurg runs away. Zurg is played by Wayne Knight.

Role in Buzz Lightyear of Star Command
--------------------------------------

Zurg is the main villain of Buzz Lightyear of Star Command and is in most episodes. The episode Stranger Invasion reveals that Zurg was lying when he said he was Buzz’s father.

Role in Toy Story 3
-------------------

Zurg has a cameo appearance in Toy Story 3.

Role in Lightyear
-----------------

In the movie Lightyear, Zurg is played by James Brolin. Zurg turns to be an evil version of Buzz Lightyear who came from the future using time travel.
Earth cutaway The tectonic plates of the lithosphere.
The **lithosphere** is the solid shell of the planet *Earth*. This means the crust, plus the part of the upper mantle which behaves elastically over long time scales. 

Under the lithosphere is the asthenosphere, the weaker, hotter, and deeper part of the upper mantle. This part can flow. 

The lithosphere provides a conductive lid on top of the convecting mantle: it reduces heat transport through the Earth. A lithosphere (Ancient Greek: λίθος [lithos] for "rocky", and σφαίρα [sphaira] for "sphere") is the rigid,[1] outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite which is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and that portion of the upper mantle which behaves elastically on time scales of thousands of years or greater. The outermost shell of a rocky planet, the crust, is defined on the basis of its chemistry and mineralogy.

Types of lithosphere :-
-----------------------

There are two types of lithosphere:-

1. Oceanic lithosphere, which is associated with oceanic crust and exists in the ocean basins. Oceanic lithosphere is typically about 50–100 km thick
2. Continental lithosphere, which is associated with continental crust. Continental lithosphere has a range in thickness from about 40 km to perhaps 200 km, of which about 40 km is crust.

The lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates, which move gradually relative to one another. 

Oceanic lithosphere thickens as it ages and moves away from the mid-ocean ridge. This thickening occurs by conductive cooling, which converts hot asthenosphere into lithospheric mantle, and causes the oceanic lithosphere to become increasingly dense with age. Oceanic lithosphere is less dense than asthenosphere for a few tens of millions of years, but after this becomes increasingly dense than asthenosphere. 

When a continental plate comes together with an oceanic plate, at a subduction zones, the oceanic lithosphere always sinks beneath the continental. 

New oceanic lithosphere is constantly being produced at mid-ocean ridges and is recycled back to the mantle at subduction zones. As a result, oceanic lithosphere is much younger than continental lithosphere: the oldest oceanic lithosphere is about 200 million years old, while parts of the continental lithosphere are billions of years old. 

Another distinguishing characteristic of the lithosphere is its flow properties. Under the influence of the low-intensity, long-term stresses that drive tectonic motion, the lithosphere is like a rigid shell. It changes mainly by breaking ("brittle failure"). The asthenosphere (the layer of the mantle below the lithosphere) is heat-softened and adjusts by plastic changes ("deformation").

Oceanic lithosphere is made up of mostly basalt and gabbro. Continental lithosphere is made up of granite and gneiss.

Related pages
-------------

* Biosphere
* Plate tectonics

Other websites
--------------

* Links for Middle School students on the Earth's composition Archived 2007-11-12 at the Wayback Machine
**Mantidflies** are insects in the family **Mantispidae**. They are small to moderate-sized insects in the order Neuroptera. There are many genera with around 400 species worldwide, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Only 5 species of *Mantispa* occur in Europe.

Description and ecology
-----------------------

Some mantidflies are wasp mimics, but most are brownish with green, yellow and sometimes red hues. 

They get their name from their mantis-like appearance, as their spiny "raptorial" (raptor-like) front legs are modified to catch small insect prey and are very similar to the front legs of mantids. The adults are predatory insects that are often nocturnal, and are sometimes attracted by porch lights. They have four membranous wings which may sometimes be patterned (especially in wasp mimicking species) but are usually clear. Adult mantidflies are predators of suitably sized insects, which they catch as mantids do. Mantidflies are active hunters, but as with other Neuroptera, they are cumbersome fliers.

Their larvae are either parasitoids or predators. Subfamily Symphrasinae larvae are parasitoids on bee, wasp or scarab beetle larvae. Larvae of the subfamily Calomantispinae are predators of small arthropods. 

Larvae of the subfamily Mantispinae seek out female spiders or their egg sacs which they then enter; the scarab-like larvae then feed on the spider eggs, draining egg contents through a piercing/sucking tube. Then they pupate in the egg sac.
**Franz Wagner** (23 September 1911 – 8 December 1974 ) was an Austrian football player. He played as midfielder mainly for SK Rapid Wien. He also played for the Austrian national football team and after the annexation of Austria for the German team.

Career
------

Wagner played football for the Vienna Cricket and Football Club. 1931 he went to SK Rapid Wien and played there till 1943 and from 1945 till 1949. The years betwenn he played for LSV (Luftwaffensportverein) Markersdorf. During his time with Rapid he won the Austrian championship six times and the German championship once. He was also Austrian and German cup winner once.

He made his league debut for SK Rapid Wien on 10 May 1931 in a 4-3 home win against Austria Wien. He scored his only league goal on 25 September 1932 in a 4-1 away win against Wacker Wien. At international club level he played six times for Rapid in the 1934 and 1935 Mitropa Cup.

National team
-------------

From 1933 to 1936 he played 18 matches for the Austrian national team. He was part of the squad for the 1934 World Cup in Italy, where he played four matches. After the annexation of Austria in 1938 he played three matches for Germany. He was part of the squad for the 1938 Fifa World Cup in France. He did not play there.

Manager career
--------------

After his active career he became youth coach of SK Rapid. In the 1955/56 he was coach of the first squad for a few months. At the end of the 1950s he coached the youth of Wiener AC.

Honours
-------

* Austrian Champion: 1935, 1938, 1940, 1941, 1946, 1948
* Austrian Cup: 1946
* German Champion: 1941
* German Cup: 1938
* 1934 FIFA World Cup: Semifinals

| * v
* t
* e
Austria squad – 1934 FIFA World Cup Fourth Place |
| --- |
| 
* FW Bican
* FW Braun
* DF Cisar
* GK Franzl
* FW Hassmann
* MF Hofmann
* FW Horvath
* DF Janda
* FW Kaburek
* GK Platzer
* GK Raftl
* FW Schall
* DF Schmaus
* DF Sesta
* FW Sindelar
* MF Smistik
* FW Stroh
* MF Urbanek
* FW Viertl
* MF Wagner
* FW Walzhofer
* FW Zischek
* Coach: Meisl

 | Austria |


| * v
* t
* e
Germany squad – 1938 FIFA World Cup |
| --- |
| 
* GK Buchloh
* GK Jakob
* GK Raftl
* DF Janes
* DF Schmaus
* MF Goldbrunner
* MF Kitzinger
* MF Kupfer
* MF Mock
* MF Münzenberg
* MF Wagner
* FW Gauchel
* FW Gellesch
* FW Hahnemann
* FW Lehner
* FW Neumer
* FW Pesser
* FW Siffling
* FW Skoumal
* FW Streitle
* FW Stroh
* FW Szepan
* Coach: Herberger

 | Germany |
Title page of the first (1602) *Le Nuove musiche*.
**Giulio Caccini** (born Rome, 8 October 1551; died Florence, 10 December 1618), also known as **Giulio Romano**, was an Italian composer and singer. He lived at the very end of Renaissance period and the beginning of the Baroque period. It was the time when opera was starting, and he was one of the first composers to write an opera. His daughter, Francesca Caccini, also became a composer.

Life
----

We do not know much about his life. He was born in Rome. His father was a carpenter. He learned to play the lute, the viol and the harp, and soon became known as a singer. In the 1560s, Francesco de' Medici, Grand Duke of Florence, was impressed with his talent, so he took him to Florence to study.

By 1579, Caccini was singing at the Medici court. He was a tenor, and he was able to accompany himself on the viol or the archlute; he sang at weddings and other important occasions. He worked closely with the Florentine Camerata, a famous group of people who met at the home of Count Giovanni de' Bardi, and tried to bring the tradition of Greek dramatic music back to life. They liked monody, which means a tune with a simple accompaniment. This was different from polyphony in which several things are being sung at once. Monody made it easy to tell a story because the words could be heard clearly. This was necessary for opera, where it became heard in a simple form called recitative.

Caccini went to Rome, but in Rome the musicians were not so interested in change.

Caccini often got involved in arguments because he was envious and jealous. He often got people into trouble, and he rushed his own opera *Euridice* into print before Peri's opera on the same subject could be published, while telling his own singers not to have anything to do with Peri's opera.

He died in Florence and is buried in the church of St. Annunziata.

I guess I don’t really know the guy. All I know is that he made some dope ass music and I like singing it.

* *Ave Maria* by Coro Universitario Complutense Madrid
**Gregor Johann Mendel** (Heinzendorf, Austria, 20 July 1822 – Brünn, Austro-Hungary, 6 January 1884) was an Austrian monk and botanist.

Mendel founded genetics by his work cross-breeding pea plants. He discovered dominant and recessive characters (genes) from the crosses he performed on the plants in his greenhouse. What he learnt is known today as Mendelian inheritance.

His work was not appreciated at first, but was 'rediscovered' in 1900 by Carl Correns and Hugo de Vries. Erich von Tschermak's status as a third rediscoverer is now less convincing.

The experiments
---------------

Mendel used the edible peas (*Pisum sativum*) for his crosses. He selected seven characters which were distinctive, and never blended; they occurred as either-or alternatives. Examples: plant height (short or tall); colour of peas (green or yellow); position of flowers (restricted to the top or distributed along the stem).

When he crossed varieties which differed in a trait (e.g. tall crossed with short), the first generation of hybrids (F1) showed only one of the two alternatives. One character was *dominant*, and the other *recessive*. But when he crossed these hybrids with each other, the recessive character reappeared in the second (F2) generation. The proportion of plants showing the dominant as opposed to the recessive character was close to 3 to 1. Further analysis of the descendants (F3) of the dominant group showed that one-third of them were true-breeding and two-thirds were of hybrid constitution. The 3:1 ratio could therefore be rewritten as 1:2:1, meaning that 50 percent of the F2 generation were true-breeding and 50 percent were still hybrid. This was Mendel’s major discovery.

It could all be summed up by saying that inheritance was not blending, as Darwin had thought, it was particulate. The factors (genes) were not merged or mixed, they stayed separate and were passed on to the next generation unchanged.

He published his work in 1866, but at the time no-one saw how significant it was. 35 years later, the papers were rediscovered and, immediately, modern genetics began.

Related pages
-------------

* List of biologists
* Mendelian inheritance

Other websites
--------------

* Mendel's Paper in English
* Mendel Museum of Genetics[*permanent dead link*]
* 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia entry, "Mendel, Mendelism"
* Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
* Augustinian Abbey of St. Thomas at Brno
* Johann Gregor Mendel: Why his discoveries were ignored for 35 (72) years (in German)
Charlemagne and Pope Adrian I.
**Charlemagne** (Latin: *Carolus Magnus*, French: Charlemagnes, English: Charles the Great, German: *Karl der Große*, Dutch: *Karel de Grote*) (c. 2 April 748 – 28 January 814) was the king of the Franks and the first Holy Roman Emperor. He was crowned as the Emperor on Christmas Day, 800. He was the older son of King Pippin III of the Carolingian dynasty. When Pippin died, Charlemagne and his brother Carloman ruled together. When Carloman died in 771 Charlemagne became the only ruler of the Franks.

Life
----

The Franks—one of the Germanic peoples who had moved their homes over the River Rhine into the Roman Empire as it was falling apart—were, by the year 700, the rulers of Gaul, and a lot of Germania east of the Rhine. They also protected the Papacy and the Roman Catholic faith. When their king Pepin the Short died, his sons, Charlemagne and Carloman were chosen to share the kingdom. They divided it into two parts: one half for Charlemagne, and the other for Carloman. Carloman died on December 4, 771, leaving Charlemagne as the leader of the whole Frankish kingdom.

He was king of the Franks from 768, and king of the Lombards from 774. He was crowned Imperator Augustus (Emperor) in Rome on Christmas Day by Pope Leo III in 800, starting the Holy Roman Empire, that they hoped would be a kind of second Western Roman Empire (while the Byzantines in Constantinople were still keeping up the Eastern Roman empire). With many wars, Charlemagne spread his empire across much of Western Europe.

Charlemagne fought in many wars over the course of his reign. He is known for using his sword, *Joyeuse*, in each of the thirty years of war and the 18 battles he fought in. He also finally managed to conquer Saxony, something the Roman Emperor Augustus could not do 800 years earlier. He was able to convert the Saxons to Catholic Christianity. He also had many schools built so his people could learn. However, he also killed thousands of those who failed to convert.

Death
-----

Charlemagne's politics and plans failed, which led to low self-esteem. His last years were spent in bed in deep depression. He died in 814, leaving his kingdom to his only son, Louis the Pious. The descendants of Charlemagne are called *Carolingians*. His family line died out in Germany in 911 and in France in 987.

Battles and campaigns
---------------------

* Saxon Wars. The Saxon Wars, also called the Saxon War or Saxon Uprising were the campaigns and insurrections of the thirty-three years from 772, when Charlemagne first entered Saxony with the intent to conquer,
**Kaffeklubben Island** or **Coffee Club Island** (Danish: *Kaffeklubben Ø*; Greenlandic: *Inuit Qeqertaat*) is an island near the northern tip of Greenland. It is uninhabited, which means no people live there. It has the farthest north point on Earth, or the point closest to the North Pole.

Discovery
---------

American explorer Robert Peary saw Kaffeklubben Island in 1900. This was the first time the island had ever been seen, but Peary did not visit the island. The island was not visited until 1921, when the Danish explorer Lauge Koch visited the island and named it. The island was named after the coffee club in the University of Copenhagen Geological Museum.

In 1969, a Canadian team discovered that the northernmost point on the island was 750 metres (2,460 ft) farther north than Cape Morris Jesup, the northernmost point on mainland Greenland. Because of this, Kaffeklubben Island has the record for having the farthest north point on land.

Since then, many deposits of gravel have been found in the sea to the north of the island, such as Oodaaq, 83-42, and ATOW1996. However, they are not permanent. They are usually absorbed by moving ice sheets, move around because of the tides, or sink into the ocean.

Geography
---------

Kaffeklubben Island is 713.5 kilometres (443.3 mi) from the North Pole. The island is near Cape James Hill, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of Bliss Bay, about 37 kilometres (23 mi) east of Cape Morris Jesup. Its farthest north point is 4.4 km north of the farthest north point of Cape Morris Jesup. It is about 700 metres (2,300 ft) long, and about 300 metres (980 ft) across at its widest point. The highest point is about 30 metres (98 ft) above sea level.

Environment
-----------

Not many things can survive on the island. However, some plants grow on Kaffeklubben Island, including mosses, liverworts, lichens, and the flowering plants *Saxifraga oppositifolia* (purple saxifrage) and *Papaver radicatum* (arctic poppy).
Many processes in nature regulate themselves. This means that based on some measurement, they change a setting or a variable, so that it is more or less constant. Examples in nature are animals that have a constant body temperature, blood pressure, or blood sugar level. The predator-prey equations are another example. 

**Control engineering** is about the same thing: Building a system that can regulate one parameter (usually: keep it constant), often with a feedback loop that allows the value of the parameter to be measured. It is a field of engineering. It uses mathematical models of dynamic systems, and control theory. If they are well-designed, the controllers will cause the system to behave in some desired, predictable manner. Modern control engineering is closely related to electrical, electronic, and computer engineering. As engineering continues to develop, control engineering is often wanted.

Centrifugal governor of a steam engine, designed in 1788. Science museum, London
In most cases, control engineers make use of feedback when designing control systems. For example a machine's speed is continuously checked and fed back to the system, which then adjusts the motor's spin power. Recently, control systems are also used in nanotechnology. In chemical engineering, control engineering is known as process control. Many advancements in science, finance, and even human action, can be attributed to control engineering. 

Many control systems rely on feedback. However, there are also control systems that work without feedback. Such a system is known as an open-loop control. An open-loop controller, also called a non-feedback controller, relies only on the model and the input signal fed to the system. An example of open-loop control can be found in washing machines, which work by running pre-programmed cycles but, most importantly, do not rely on any measurements of the speed of the barrel or water volume to adjust the machine.
**Hani Fawzi Mulki** (also known as Hani Mulki; Arabic: هاني الملقي; **Hāni Al-Mulki**; born 15 October 1951) is a former Jordanian prime minister, born in Amman, the son of former Prime Minister Fawzi al-Mulki, the first prime minister under King Hussein. He assumed the presidency of the Jordanian government in two successive terms, the first from 1 June to 25 September 2016 and the second from 28 September 2016 to 14 June 2018, which are the 99th and 100th governments since the declaration of the independence of the Emirate of Transjordan. He submitted his resignation to the Jordanian king after a wave of strikes and demonstrations in the street because of his financial policies and his attempt to impose a new income tax law despite the street's rejection. 

He was a former minister for several ministerial portfolios. He held the positions of Minister of Water and Irrigation, Minister of Supply, Minister of Energy, Minister of Industry and Trade, and Minister of Foreign Affairs in 2004. On November 7, 2019, a royal decree was issued appointing him as a member of the Senate, and he remains in the position.

Education
---------

He holds a Bachelor's degree in Production Engineering from Cairo University in 1974. Then a Master's degree in Management Engineering from the United States of America in 1977. And a Ph.D. in Systems and Industry Engineering from the United States in 1979.

Political Life
--------------

Al-Mulqi was the head of the Jordanian Council in the Peace Negotiations between Jordan and the State of Israel 1994-1996. He was Jordan's ambassador to Cairo on two terms, the first (March 1, 2002 - October 24, 2004) and the second (June 1, 2008 - February 11, 2011). Then he became an advisor to King Abdullah II from April 7, 2005 until October 1, 2007.

  


| * v
* t
* e
Prime ministers of Jordan (List) |
| --- |
| Emirate of Transjordan(1921–1946) | 
* Tali'a
* Raslan
* Rikabi
* Raslan
* H. Al-Huda
* Rikabi
* H. Al-Huda
* Siraj
* Hashem
* T. Al-Huda
* S. Al-Rifai
* Hashem

 | JordanJordan |
| Kingdom of Jordan(1946–) | 
* Hashem
* S. Al-Rifai
* T. Al-Huda
* Mufti
* S. Al-Rifai
* T. Al-Huda
* F. Mulki
* T. Al-Huda
* Mufti
* H. Majali
* Hashem
* S. Al-Rifai
* Mufti
* Hashem
* Nabulsi
* Khalidi
* Hashem
* Al-Rifai
* H. Majali
* Talhouni
* Tal
* S. Al-Rifai
* ibn Nasser
* Talhouni
* Tal
* ibn Nasser
* Jumaa
* Talhouni
* A. Al-Rifai
* Talhouni
* A. Al-Rifai
* Al-Abbasi
* Toukan
* Tal
* Lawzi
* Z. Al-Rifai
* M. Badran
* Sharaf
* Rimawi
* M. Badran
* Obeidat
* Z. Al-Rifai
* ibn Shaker
* M. Badran
* Masri
* ibn Shaker
* Majali
* ibn Shaker
* Kabariti
* A. Majali
* Tarawneh
* Rawabdeh
* Abu Al-Ragheb
* Fayez
* A. Badran
* Bakhit
* Dahabi
* Rifai
* Bakhit
* A. Khasawneh
* Tarawneh
* Esour
* H. Mulki
* Razzaz
* B. Al-Khasawneh

 |

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* VIAF
* WorldCat Identities

 |
| National | 
* Germany
* United States

 |
Claudia Poll
**Claudia Maria Poll Ahrens** (born 21 December 1972 in Managua) is a Costa Rican swimmer of German descent.

She competes in the 200 m to 800 m freestyle swimming. 

At the 1996 Summer Olympics she won a gold medal in the 200 meter freestyle.

She is the only gold-medalist Costa Rica ever had.

At the 2000 Summer Olympics she won two bronze medals, in the 200 meter and 400 meter freestyle.

Claudia Poll began swimming in 1979 under coach Francisco Rivas.

No article about Claudia Poll can be complete without mentioning mentioning that she has tested positive for an illegal, performance-enhancing steroid and was suspended from competition for four years, according to an announcement this afternoon by the International Amateur Swimming Federation (FINA) in Lausanne, Switzerland. 6 June 2002"

Ironically, Poll's older sister, Sylvia, was a silver medalist at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, beaten to the wall by East Germany's Heike Friedrich. After the collapse of Communism, East German Secret police (Stasi) files revealed that Friedrich — along with all other East German Olympic swimmers — had systematically been doped as a matter of national policy.

Related pages
-------------

* Silvia Poll, sister and also swimmer
* Costa Rica at the Olympics
* Swimming World Magazine Jun 2002
*
**Cecil Edward Parkinson, Baron Parkinson**, PC (1 September 1931 – 22 January 2016) was a British Conservative politician and cabinet minister.

Early life
----------

Parkinson was born in Carnforth, Lancashire on 1 September 1931. He studied at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Parkinson married Anne Jarvis in 1957. It would last until his death in 2016.

Career
------

He entered Parliament in 1970 and was appointed a minister in 1979. In 1983, he became Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, but was forced to resign after revelations that his former secretary, Sara Keays, was pregnant with his child, which she later bore and named Flora Keays.

Parkinson later served as Secretary of State for Energy, and later Transport. He resigned that office in 1990, on the same day that Margaret Thatcher resigned. He was created **Baron Parkinson** in 1992 and served in the House of Lords until his retirement in September 2015.

Death
-----

Parkinson died of cancer on 22 January 2016 at the age of 84. He was survived by his wife and four children.

Other websites
--------------

* Cecil Parkinson's career Archived 2017-07-11 at the Wayback Machine
An **ambassador** is a person sent by the government of a country to a different country. The ambassador is the official representative of their country. The ambassador speaks to officials of the other country about any problems and issues between the two countries.

In past years, communication between countries could take days or weeks. It was necessary to have a person in each foreign capital to have meetings and make negotiations between countries. Nowadays, communication is much faster, and often governments can be in direct contact with each other. However, it is still true that many problems need person-to-person meetings, so ambassadors are still needed.

Often an ambassador will live in the foreign country for a number of years. An embassy is where the ambassador lives. Embassies are most often in the capital of the foreign country. An ambassador may bring people with him to help him and work at the embassy. Some of the high ranking people may be called embassy officials.

It is both tradition and law that the ambassador and many embassy officials have diplomatic immunity. They cannot be arrested or prosecuted in the foreign country. The only possibility is to send a person back to their own country.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Ambassadors***.
The **Trial of Arne Cheyenne Johnson**, also known as the **"Devil Made Me slay you" case**, is a 1981 court case in the United States. It is the first known case in the United States in which the defense tried to prove a person was not guilty because they were possessed by a demon. They said that since the person on trial was possessed by a demon, he was not responsible for the crime.

On November 24, 1981, in Brookfield, Connecticut, Arne Cheyenne Johnson was found guilty of first-degree manslaughter for the killing of his landlord, Alan Bono. According to testimony by the Glatzel family, 11-year-old David Glatzel had been a host to a demon. After they saw many very bad things happen that involved David, the family asked Ed and Lorraine Warren for help. They saw it as their last hope to "cure" David. The Glatzel family, with the Warrens, had many priests ask the Church to have a formal exorcism performed on David. The exorcism lasted for several days. Those people who were there said that it ended when a demon left the child's body. They said the demon moved into the body of Arne. These events were written about in the book *The Devil In Connecticut* by Gerald Brittle.

Several months after the exorcism, Arne killed his landlord during a party. His lawyer told the court that he was possessed. The judge said that this could never be proven. He said that this defense could not be used in a court of law. Arne was found guilty of the crime. He was sent to prison for 10 to 20 year but only spent 5 years in prison.

The trial attracted media attention from around the world. The case became well known because of the many depictions of the events in books and on television. The story was later made into a movie titled *The Conjuring: The Devil Made Me Do It* (2021).
**Mark Freuder Knopfler** (born 12 August 1949 in Glasgow) is a British guitarist, singer, songwriter, record producer and film score composer.

Knopfler is best known as the founder of the British rock band Dire Straits which formed 1977. After Dire Straits disbanded in 1995, Knopfler continued to record and produce albums as a solo artist and has played in other groups including The Notting Hillbillies. Knopfler has worked with many other music artists such as: Bob Dylan,Eric Clapton and Chet Atkins.

Knopfler is a respected finger-style guitarist and was ranked #27 on Rolling Stone Magazine's list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time."

Mark Knopfler and Dire Straits have sold in excess of 120 million albums.

Knopfler was born to an English mother and Jewish Hungarian father. Knopfler moved to Blyth, Northumberland at age seven. He has a brother, David Knopfler (born 1952) who has also been a member of Dire Straits.

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* Official website

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Many different types of vehicles including carriages, trams, trains, cars, bicycles, balloons, planes, ships, airships and yachts.
A car is a type of vehicle.
A **vehicle**, otherwise known as a **engine**, is a machine to move people and things. A vehicle is not alive. A horse can move people and things, but it is an animal, not a machine or a vehicle.

The word vehicle is borrowed from French and Latin. French *véhicule*, going back to Middle French, borrowed from Medieval Latin *vehiculum* "medium, agent of transmission," going back to Latin, "wheeled vehicle, means of transport," from *vehere* "to carry, convey.

Types of vehicles
-----------------

### Land vehicles

Some vehicles move on land. Most land vehicles have wheels. Examples of land vehicles are bicycles, cars, motorcycles, and trains.

Land vehicles that are powered by an engine or motor are called motor vehicles.

Some land vehicles, like tanks and snowmobiles, have tracks. These tracks look and work like conveyor belts.

### Water vehicles

Some vehicles move on, or in, the water. Examples are boats, ships, and submarines.

### Air and space vehicles

Vehicles that move in the sky are called aircraft. Examples are aeroplanes and balloons.

Some vehicles, like the Space Shuttle, can even leave the Earth's orbit and go to outer space.

Power
-----

Vehicles can be propelled by various sources of energy.

* Human muscles. Examples are bicycles and skateboards.
* Engines. Examples are automobiles, ships, and aeroplanes.
* Electricity. Examples are many passenger trains.
* Animals. Examples are carts and chariots.
* Wind. Examples are sailboats and iceboats.
* Some vehicles have no propulsion power. Examples are gliders and balloons.
**Mahbub Ali Khan Bahadur**
**Asaf Jah VI Mir Mahboob Ali Khan Siddiqi** (18 August 1866 – 29 August 1911) was the 6th Nizam of Kingdom of Hyderabad. He ruled Hyderabad from 1869 to 1911.

Early life
----------

Mir Mahbub Ali Khan was born on 18 August 1866 at Purani Haveli in Hyderabad. He was the only surviving son of Afzal-ud-Daula, Asaf Jah V. When his father died he was two years and seven months old, and thus became the sixth Nizam of the Asaf Jahi dynasty in 1869.

The Nizam riding an elephant in a procession from Moula Ali, circa. 1895
Grave of 6th Nizam- Mir Mahboob Ali Khan in Mecca Masjid

Developments in his kingdom
---------------------------

### Development of a railway network

The Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway was established in 1879, a railway company owned by the Nizams.

After independence, it was integrated into Indian Railways. The introduction of railways by Nizam's also marked the beginning of industry in Hyderabad, due to which, four factories were built to the south and east of the Hussain Sagar lake.

Personal Traits
---------------

### Mystical powers

It was supposed that he possessed a spiritual healing power against snake bites. It was his order that if anyone from the public had a snake bite, they could approach him. As a result, he was also awakened from his sleep a number of times! 

### Other Talents

The Nizam was also fluent in Urdu, Telugu and Farsi languages. He also wrote poems in Telugu and Urdu, some of which are inscribed alongside the walls of Tank Bund. 
He was also a talented hunter, having killed at least 30 tigers during his lifetime and was titled the very well-known term "Tees Maar Khan".

### Death

The Nizam died on 29th August, 1911 at the age of 45. He was buried alongside his ancestors at Mecca Masjid, Hyderabad. His second son Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII succeeded him.

Related pages
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* Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII

Other websites
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* Picturing the ‘Beloved’
* Man of many talents
* Nizam Prince Raunaq Yar Khan Exclusive Interview
**John Alphons Pandeni** (30 July 1950 – 14 March 2008) was a Namibian politician and trade unionist. He was a member of SWAPO and Minister of Regional and Local Government, Housing and Rural Development until his death in 2008.

Early Life
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Pandeni was born in the village of Omundjalala in the Omusati Region of northern Namibia. After receiving military training in Tanzania and Angola, Pandeni was arrested in 1978 for anti-apartheid activities with People's Liberation Army of Namibia guerrilla movement. After his arrest, Pandeni was imprisoned on Robben Island until 1985. After his release, Pandeni became the founding Secretary of the Namibia Food and Allied Workers Union until 1992. In that year he entered politics, serving as Regional Councillor for Soweto constituency in Katutura, Windhoek. A year later he became the Khomas Regional Governor until 2005. He later entered President Hifikepunye Pohamba's first cabinet.

Legacy
------

Pandeni is buried alongside other former liberation leaders at Heroes' Acre, outside of Windhoek.

John Pandeni's gravesite at the national war memorial, Heroes' Acre
Marine issue KA-BAR knife
**Ka-Bar** (trademarked as **KA-BAR**, capitalized) is a combat knife first obtained by the United States Marine Corps in November 1942. It was then designated as the 1219C2 combat knife. Later it was called the USMC Mark 2 combat knife. When the United States Navy obtained the knife they called it the U.S. Navy utility knife, Mark 2. KA-BAR is the trademark and namesake of a related knife manufacturing company, KA-BAR Knives. Inc. (formerly Union Cutlery Co.) of Olean, New York. KA-BAR Knives is a subsidiary of the Cutco Corporation.

History
-------

At the start of World War II, the US Marine Corps was still using the World War I issue Trench knife.  Called the knuckle knife, it was a dagger with a studded steel hand guard. The trench knife was suited for trench warfare but it did not meet the needs of the Marines in the Pacific war. The Marine Corps purchased different designs from different knife manufacturers. The Ka-Bar, however, quickly became the marine's favorite. They were made by the Union Cutlery Company (later changed to KA-BAR Cutlery Inc.). Soon other companies were under contract to produce the Ka-Bar. The main use for the Ka-Bar combat knife was hand-to-hand combat with an enemy. However, the number of enemy soldiers killed with a Ka-Bar is thought to be very small. The knife, weighing just over 1 pound (0.45 kg), had a solid pommel (the butt end of the knife) which could be used as a hammer.The knife was used to open food cans in c-rations or k-rations. It was used for cutting wires, opening crates of ammunition and other non-combat uses.

Modern Ka-Bars
--------------

A clip point design blade
Although KA-BAR Knives, Inc. currently makes a wide variety of knives and cutlery, it is best known for the Ka-Bar Fighting/Utility knife. It has traditionally used a 7 inch (178 mm) long blade. It is made of 1095 carbon steel with a clip point blade and a stacked leather-washer handle. Other, more modern versions of this knife feature single or dual-edge blades. Many have synthetic handles made of Kraton (a non-slip rubber substitute). For modern outdoor survival use the Ka-Bar knives are still a proven design.

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* All About KA-BAR Knives
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* Things to Know About Ka-Bar Becker Fixed Blade Survival Knife Archived 2017-04-10 at the Wayback Machine
A **public library** is a library that is open for anyone to borrow books without having to pay. They are usually paid for by taxes.They are usually run by librarians. They may run free services like reading clubs and they have places for people to study. They may have reference collections - books that have to stay in the library and provide computers and Internet for the public.

The first known libraries were in the Fertile crescent 5000 years ago - with clay tablets, not books.. 

Circulating libraries and subscription libraries came before public libraries, in the 18th and 19th centuries. In England in 1790, there were about six hundred rental and lending libraries, with about fifty thousand members. People had to pay to borrow the books. The first community-run public library, the Malatestiana Library, started in 1447 in Cesena, Italy. Chetham's Library in Manchester, claims to be the oldest public library in the English-speaking world. It opened in 1653. Biblioteca Palafoxiana in Puebla City, Mexico, is recognized by UNESCO as the first public library in the Americas. It was founded in 1646. People could not usually borrow the books from these early libraries. 

In the United Kingdom parliament it was suggested that public libraries might draw people away from public houses. The Museums Act 1845 allowed boroughs to raise money for public museums and libraries. Warrington opened a Municipal Library in 1848. Most of the early public libraries were helped by donations from philanthropists. Andrew Carnegie paid for many public libraries across the English-speaking world.
Patagonia.
**Patagonia** is at the southern end of South America. It is land shared by Argentina and Chile. It has some of the most dramatic landscapes on Earth. It has the southern section of the Andes mountains to the southwest towards the Pacific ocean.Sad, isn't it?

Geography
---------

It follows south through the Colorado River towards Carmen de Patagones in the Atlantic Ocean. To the west, it includes the Valdivia through Tierra del Fuego archipelago.

The name Patagonia is from the word *patagón* used by Magellan in 1520. The word was for the native people that his expedition thought to be giants. Now people think the Patagons were actually Tehuelches. They had an average height of 180 cm (~5′11″) compared to the 155 cm (~5′1″) average for Spaniards of the time.

Animals
-------

Guanacos near Torres del Paine.
The guanaco, the cougar, the Patagonian fox, the Patagonian hog-nosed skunk, and the Magellanic Tuco-tuco are the most common mammals of the Patagonian plains. There are also many birds. Southern Caracara, Austral parakeets, and Green-backed Firecrowns are some. Waterfowl include Chilean Flamingo, Upland Goose, and steamer ducks.

Famous marine fauna include the southern right whale, the Magellanic Penguin, the orca and elephant seals. The Valdés Peninsula is a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its importance as a nature reserve.

* Perito Moreno GlacierPerito Moreno Glacier
* BarilocheBariloche
* UshuaiaUshuaia
* ValdesValdes


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A picture of airflow, modeled using a differential equation.
A **differential equation** is a mathematical equation that involves variables like x or y, as well as the rate at which those variables change. Differential equations are special because the solution of a differential equation is itself a function instead of a number.

In applications of mathematics, problems often arise in which the dependence of one parameter on another is unknown, but it is possible to write an expression for the rate of change of one parameter relative to another (derivative). In this case, the problem is reduced to finding a function by its derivative related to some other expressions.

Types of differential equations
-------------------------------

If a differential equation only involves x and its derivative, the rate at which x changes, then it is called a first order differential equation. A higher-order differential equation has derivatives of other derivatives. If there are more variables than just x and y, then it is said to be a partial differential equation. Sometimes, something in the world will obey several differential equations at the same time. These are said to be modeled by coupled differential equations.

Some differential equations can be solved exactly, and some cannot. Sometimes one can only be estimated, and a computer program can do this very fast. Although they may seem overly-complicated to someone who has not studied differential equations before, the people who use differential equations tell us that they would not be able to figure important things out without them. Most scientists and engineers (as well as mathematicians) take at least one course in differential equations while in college. Some mathematicians devote their career to investigating differential equations that are difficult to solve.

Uses
----

Differential equations are used in many fields of science since they describe real things:

* In physics for various forms of movement, or oscillations
* Radioactive decay is calculated using differential equations.
* Isaac Newton's Second law of motion
* Newton's Law of Cooling
* The wave equation
* Laplace's equation
* The Navier–Stokes equations described the movement of fluids
* The Hamiltonian equations for general mechanics

People who studied about differential equations
-----------------------------------------------

* Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi
* Hiroshi Umemura
* Israel Gelfand
* Peter Lax
* Ryogo Hirota
* Sofya Kovalevskaya
* Vladimir Arnold

Related pages
-------------

* Finite element method
* Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations
* Numerical methods for partial differential equations

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The **2021 Western Australian state election** was held on 13 March 2021 to elect the 41st Parliament of Western Australia, including all 59 seats in the Legislative Assembly and all 36 seats in the Legislative Council. It was conducted by the Western Australian Electoral Commission (WAEC).

The incumbent Labor government, led by Premier Mark McGowan, was re-elected in a landslide. They were opposed by the Liberal Party, led by Zak Kirkup, and the National Party, led by Mia Davies. The Liberals lost all but two seats, while the Nationals won four, making the Nationals the official Opposition. After the election, the two parties formed an alliance, called the Western Australian Opposition Alliance, similar to the Coalition, with the Nationals as the senior partner and the Liberals as the junior partner. Labor won the largest majority government (89.8% of seats) and the largest two-party-preferred vote (69.7%) ever won by any party at any election in Australian history. For the first time, they had a majority in both chambers of Parliament.