| Pakistan
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| --- |
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| This article is part of a series on thepolitics and government ofPakistan |
| Constitution
* + Previous constitutions:1956
	+ 1962
	+ 1973
* Annex (written 1949, incorporated 1985)
* Amendments
* Law
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| Government
* President (list): *Arif Alvi*

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**Parliament**
* Senate
Chairman: *Sadiq Sanjrani*
Deputy Chairman: *Saleem Mandviwalla*
* National Assembly
Speaker: *Asad Qaiser*
Deputy Speaker: *Qasim Suri*

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**Executive:**
* Prime Minister (list): *Imran Khan*
* Federal Cabinet
* Federal Agencies
* Civil Service

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**Judiciary**
* Supreme Judicial Council
* Supreme Court
Chief Justice
* Federal Shariat Court
* Supreme Appellate Court Gilgit-Baltistan
Chief Justices
* Islamabad High Court
* Provincial High Courts
* Chief Court Gilgit-Baltistan
* District Courts
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| Elections
* Election Commission
* Electoral College
* Recent elections

	+ Presidential: 2008
	+ 2013
	+ 2018

	+ General: 2008
	+ 2013
	+ 2018
* Political parties
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
Pakistan Muslim League (N)
Pakistan Peoples Party
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| Administrative units
* **Provinces**
Balochistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Punjab
Sindh

* **Territories**
Islamabad

* **Autonomous region**
Azad Kashmir
Gilgit–Baltistan
 |
| Federalism
* **Azad Kashmir government**
President
Prime Minister
Legislative Assembly

* **Provincial governments**
Governors
Chief Ministers
Provincial Assemblies

* **Local government**
Divisions
Districts
Tehsils
Union councils
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| Foreign relations
* Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Minister: Shah Mehmood Qureshi

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* Diplomatic missions of / in Pakistan

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* Passport
* Visa requirements
* Visa policy

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* China
* India
* United States

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* Kashmir conflict
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| 
* Other countries
* Atlas

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| * v
* t
* e
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The current **Chairman** (presiding officer) of the Senate of Pakistan is Farooq Naek since 12 March, 2009.

The first Chairman of the Senate was Justice Khan Habibullah Khan.

Purpose and role
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The main purpose for the creation of the Senate of Pakistan was to give equal representation to all the federating units since the membership of the National Assembly was based on the population of each province. Equal provincial membership in the Senate, thus, balances the provincial inequality in the National Assembly and dispels doubts and apprehension, if any, regarding deprivation and exploitation.

The role of the Senate is to promote national cohesion and harmony and to alleviate fears of the smaller provinces regarding domination by any one province because of its majority, in the National Assembly.

The Senate is a body that represents the provinces and territories of the country and promotes a feeling of equality, peace and good understanding between them, which is so essential for the growth and prosperity of a nation. Thus, the Senate in Pakistan, over the years, has emerged as an essential organ and a stabilizing factor of the federation.

Relationship between Constituents of the Parliament
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a) President and Parliament: Under Article 50 of the Constitution, the Majlis-i-Shoora (Parliament) of Pakistan consists of the President and two Houses to be known respectively as the National Assembly and the Senate. 

The President is elected by members of both Houses of the Parliament and the Provincial Assemblies. The President may be removed from office or impeached through a resolution, passed by not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Parliament in a joint sitting of the two Houses, convened for the purpose. 

The Constitution empowers the President to dissolve the National Assembly in his discretion if a situation has arisen in which the Government of the Federation cannot be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and an appeal to the electorate is necessary. However, the Senate is not subject to dissolution. 

In case the office of the President becomes vacant for any reason, the Chairman, or if he is unable to perform the functions of the office of the President, the Speaker, acts as President till such time that a President is elected. Same is the case when the President by reason of absence from Pakistan or any other cause is unable to perform his functions. 

b) Relations between the Houses: Unless both the Houses pass a Bill and it receives President's assent it cannot become a law except in the case of a money bill which is the sole prerogative of the National Assembly. Under the Legal Framework Order, 2002, the role of a Mediation Committee, comprising eight members from each House, has been introduced for the first time to evolve consensus on Bills, in case there is a disagreement between the two Houses. 

c) Cabinet: The Constitution provides that there shall be a Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister which is collectively responsible to the National Assembly. The Prime Minister is chosen from the National Assembly. 

The Federal Ministers and Ministers of State are appointed from amongst the members of Parliament. However, the number of Federal Ministers and Ministers of State who are members of Senate, shall not at any time, exceed one fourth of the numbers of Federal Ministers.

List
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  Independent

  IJI/Muslim League (N)

  Muslim League (Q)

  Pakistan Peoples Party

| Name | Entered office | Left office | Date of Birth and Death | Political party | Provinces |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Habibullah Khan | 6 August 1973 | 5 August 1975 | 5 December 1978(1978-12-05) (aged 77) | Pakistan Peoples Party | Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa |
| 6 August 1975 | 4 July 1977 |
| 2 | Ghulam Ishaq Khan | 21 March 1985 | 20 March 1988 | 27 October 2006(2006-10-27) (aged 91) | Independent | Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa |
| 21 March 1988 | 12 December 1988 |
| 3 | Wasim Sajjad | 24 December 1988 | 20 March 1991 |  (1941-03-30) 30 March 1941 (age 82) | Pakistan Muslim League (N) | Punjab |
| 21 March 1991 | 20 March 1994 |
| 21 March 1994 | 20 March 1997 |
| 21 March 1997 | 12 October 1999 |
| 4 | Mohamad Mian Soomro | 23 March 2003 | 22 March 2006 |  (1950-08-19) 19 August 1950 (age 72) | Pakistan Muslim League (Q) | Sindh |
| 23 March 2006 | 11 March 2009 |
| 5 | Farooq Naek | 12 March 2009 | 11 March 2012 |  (1950-01-03) 3 January 1950 (age 73) | Pakistan Peoples Party | Sindh |
| 6 | Nayyar Bukhari | 12 March 2012 | 11 March 2015 |  (1952-12-23) 23 December 1952 (age 70) | Pakistan Peoples Party | Sindh |
| 7 | Raza Rabbani | 12 March 2015 | 11 March 2018 |  (1952-07-23) 23 July 1952 (age 70) | Pakistan Peoples Party | Sindh |
| 8 | Mir Sadiq Sanjrani | 12 March 2018 |  |  (1978-04-14) 14 April 1978 (age 45) | Independent | Balochistan |