recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic spread to Jordan on 2 March 2020, when the Ministry of Health confirmed the first case in the kingdom. As of May 2, Jordan had 460 confirmed cases, with 367 recovered and 9 deaths.

Cases
-----

On 2 March, the Prime Ministry of Jordan reported the first case of coronavirus in Jordan. The Jordanian had returned from Italy two weeks prior, before quarantine procedures for Jordanians returning from Italy had been put in place.

On 22 March, there were 13 additional cases confirmed, one of the cases was for a 19-year-old man who came from Britain, and 5 more cases from Irbid's wedding, and 6 cases for people who were in close contact with a nurse who was infected, including an 83-year-old woman who was in mild to moderate condition, and one of unknown origin, bringing the total of the cases to 112.

Death
-----

On 28 March, the first death resulting from COVID-19 was confirmed in the kingdom. An 83-year-old woman who was admitted to a private hospital suffering from many illnesses along with blood poisoning. Later in the evening, the total confirmed cases rose to 246 after 11 new cases were confirmed. Of those 11, 5 cases came from Irbid, 1 individual who was in close contact with an infected person, 1 woman who was in close contact with her infected daughter that was visiting from Norway, 3 cases from those already quarantined in hotels (2 of which came from the UK and 1 came from Baghdad, and the final remaining case was of unknown origin/cause. 

The health Minister announced that there were 3 cases in serious conditions.

Infection rate
--------------

On 8 May, 8 new cases were confirmed until noon. These are also linked to the recent discovery of an infected driver a couple of days before in Mafraq. 4 of these cases were reported in Ramtha.
**Data** is a sequence of numbers, words, or other symbols. Data needs to be explained to become information. Digital data is data stored using the binary system, and is 1s and 0s. In computer systems invented after 1960, all data is digital. Data can be transported over a network or in memory, be changed, or be stored and be inactive. Data moving inside of a computer moves in multiple of these binary digits, in multiple conductors. Data that comes from a system that detects temperature is often analog and needs to become many binary digits, instead. Data that is used for numbers, characters, or symbols is stored using various magnets, a disc, electronics, or mechanically. Data goes into and out of various other devices attached to the computer. Memory elements often use a hexadecimal address, and 1 byte of storage. Data is, many times, stored in databases. A visual, such as a graph, can be created out of data.

Qualities
---------

Data can be metadata, or data that is about other data. It can be suggested, or it can be given. Data relating to actual events usually has the time recorded as metadata. Computers follow commands given to them as data, and those commands are called programs. A program is a list of commands that control the computer, and which it does. When the program is acted on by the computer, it consists of code. The storage used by the program, but not acted on by the central processing unit (CPU) are data. A single datum is a value stored inside of the computer. Files containing only binary are sometimes called data, so as to point out the difference between these files and readable text. The amount of digital data was guessed to be 281 exabytes in 2008.

Other websites
--------------
***Stegastes nigricans***, the **dusky farmerfish**, is a species of damselfish found around coral reefs at a depth of one to 12 meters, in tropical climates between 30°S and 30°N. They are known for farming monocultures of algae such as cyanophores and rhodophytes. It has an average length of 9.0 cm, but can reach lengths of 14.0 cm. It has 12 dorsal spines, and 15 to 17 dorsal soft rays. It also has 2 anal spines and 12 to 14 anal soft rays. Adults are generally brown, with the dorsal parts of the head and nape being darker, grading to tan on the lower parts of the head and breast. The scales have darker brown margins. The lips are whitish, the suborbital is mostly blue, and the preopercle and opercle scales have blue centers. The median and pelvic fins are brown, the pectorals are dusky, and sometimes there's a well-defined dark brown or blackish spot at the base of the posteriormost dorsal rays, which distinguishes it from the *S. lividus*, where the spot is diffuse. When males are in courtship or guarding their eggs they have a broad white bar across the middle of the body and a pale blue stripe from the mouth to the upper part of the pectoral fin.

Living areas
------------

*S. nigricans* are found naturally in and around coral reefs. Adult *S. nigricans* live in reef flats and lagoon reefs in colonies in areas with staghorn coral. *S. nigricans* are limited by water temperature and their diet and have been experiencing a negative impact of their population amounts. Climate and ocean composition has been changing due to global warming and fossil fuel use, therefore this habitat is being altered and coral reefs are becoming greatly reduced.

*S. nigricans* is most frequently found across the coast of East Africa and around Madagascar; in the British Indian Ocean Territory and the southern coasts of India; across Southeast Asia, the northern coast of Australia; and Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. They can also be found less frequently in the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of California, and across the Western coast of Central America.

Biology
-------

Adults inhabit reef flats and lagoon reefs. They often occur in groups associated with live or dead branching staghorn coral (*Acropora*). They feed on algae, gastropods, sponges and copepods. They are territorial, and they maintain and "weed" filamentous algae patches growing on dead coral. They attack human intruders without hesitation, sometimes taking painful nips.

*S. nigricans* are oviparous and follow a breeding pair relationship between males and females. Their eggs are sticky and adhere to the coral. Males guard and tend to the egg nest via waving air over them and will be visited by several females throughout their time there. They're particularly aggressive during reproductive periods. During aggressive encounters, they emit clicking noises. Males guard and tend the nest, visited by several females.
In cricket, two batsmen (scoring players) are on the field at a time. They are in a **partnership**. Each batsman is in one of the two batsmen's grounds during their team's scoring turn. When the two batsmen run between the grounds, they score one run for each time both batsmen swap grounds. When neither batsmen is in one of the grounds, their opponents can hit the wicket in that ground with the ball to temporarily prevent the batsmen from scoring more runs, and run out the batsman nearest that ground. The batsman who is in the ground at the striker's end of the pitch at the start of a delivery is the one who attempts to hit the ball during that delivery, while the other batsman only runs.

Every time one of the two batsmen on the field gets out, another batsman enters the field and has a new partnership with the batsman who did not get out. Each partnership is named by looking at the number of batters who were out before and after the partnership; for example, the partnership between the two batsmen who are on the field when only one batter on the team is out is called the "second-wicket partnership", because it happens after the team has lost 1 wicket (had 1 batter get out), but before the loss of the team's second wicket. Because of this, it rarely happens that a batter retires (leaves the field without being out) and a new batter enters the field without changing the number of the partnership.
***Stegastes variabilis***, commonly known as the **Brazilian cocoa damselfish**, is a species of damselfish in the family Pomacentridae, found on coral reefs in the western Atlantic Ocean and off Brazil. They are often solitary fish.

Taxonomy
--------

The genus name is Greek for *stegastos*, which means covered. Formerly, the Caribbean cocoa damselfish was considered as conspecific with the Brazilian cocoa damselfish, but the population from the Caribbean is genetically very distinct from it.

Description
-----------

The Brazilian cocoa damselfish is an oval,pressed in at the sides fish and grows to about 12.5 centimetres (4.9 in) long. The top of the head and the snout (nose) have several blue stripes. The top of the body is generally dark brown or blue or brown and shades to yellow below. The sides are finely barred with vertical dark lines. There are two small black spots, one above the chest fins and the other on the top of the caudal peduncle. The large dorsal fin has 12 spines and 14 to 17 soft rays. The anal fin has two spines and 12 to 15 soft rays. The caudal fin is shallowly forked and has rounded lobes.

Distribution and habitat
------------------------

Brazilian cocoa damselfish are found in the western Atlantic by Brazil. They are marine and reef-associated. They do not migrate and have a depth range of 0 to 30 m.

Ecology and behaviour
---------------------

### Feeding

Adults feed mainly on benthic algae but also on sponges, ascidiacea and anemones, while juveniles feed on invertebrates such as harpacticoid copepods and nemerteans.

### Breeding

In the breeding season, the female lays eggs on the seabed where they are attached to empty shells, stones or other objects and fertilized by the male. He then guards them, aerates them and chases away intruders. They are aggressive when breeding. Also there is distinct pairing during breeding.
**John Kirk Singlaub** (July 10, 1921 – January 29, 2022) was an American OSS officer. He was a founding member of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and a major general in the United States Army.

Early life
----------

Singlaub was born in Independence, California. He studied at the University of California, Los Angeles. He served in the United States Army during World War II and parachuted into Occupied France to fight with the French Resistance.

Criticism of Carter
-------------------

In 1977, Singlaub was relieved from his position as Chief of Staff of US forces in South Korea after he had criticized President Jimmy Carter's decision to withdraw US troops from the Korean Peninsula in an interview with the *Washington Post*. Less than a year later, Singlaub was forced to retire after he had publicly questioned Carter's national security policies.

Political activity
------------------

In 1979 Singlaub founded the Western Goals Foundation, a private intelligence network that was found to have supplied weapons to the contras during the Iran-Contra affair during the Ronald Reagan administration. Singlaub contributed to several books and wrote an autobiography.

Singlaub served as a leading figure in US national security and defense matters under both Democratic and Republican Presidents from Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson to Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon.

Death
-----

Singlaub turned 100 in July 2021, and died on January 29, 2022 in Franklin, Tennessee.

Other websites
--------------

* Appearances on C-SPAN
"Troodon" skeleton at the Perot Museum
*Troodon* teeth
Illustration of the teeth
***Troodon*** (or ***Troödon***) is a genus of relatively small, bird-like dinosaurs, from the later part of the Cretaceous period, 75 - 65 million years ago. The alternate spelling *Troödon* shows that the '**o'**s are pronounced separately, as in 'zoology'.

They were probably carnivorous, but details of their teeth are a bit unusual. Some experts suggest they may have included plant material in their diet, but this is not a majority view.

Discovered in central Montana in 1855, it was among the first dinosaurs found in North America. Its species ranged widely, with fossil remains recovered from as far north as Alaska, and the Judith River formation of Alberta, and as far south as Wyoming and even possibly Texas and New Mexico.

*Troodon* had a large brain in proportion to its body weight. It had a sickle claw, an enlarged and retractable second toe claw bone. *Troodon* had 122 teeth. The size and shape of the leg bones show that the *Troodon* would have been a fast runner. 
The view that *Troodon* was a predator is supported by its sickle claw on the foot and apparently good binocular vision.

*Troodon*s size ranged widely. In general, individuals that lived further north were larger than those that lived in more southern areas. *Troodons* in Alaska were especially large, up to 12 feet long, 5 feet tall, and weighing up to 175 pounds. Meanwhile, *Troodons* that lived in more southern locations were only around 7 feet long, 3 feet tall, and weighed up to 50 pounds, about the size of a *Velociraptor*. Very likely *Troodon* had feathers, but no fossil evidence for feathers has yet been found.

There has been a lot of debate about which specimens, all very incomplete, should be called *Troodon*. The genus now includes specimens previously classified as *Stenonychosaurus*.

*Troodon* nests full of eggs have been found in Montana. When scientists CAT-scanned them, they found baby Troodon skeleton embryos inside of them. They found skeletons of a small plant-eating dinosaur named *Orodromeus* with the eggs, as well as a skeleton of an adult Troodon. At first, it was believed that the eggs had belonged to the *Orodromeus*, and that the Troodon was there intending to rob the nest.

However, it was later discovered that the eggs belonged to the *Troodon* when baby *Troodon* embryos were found inside the eggs. It is now believed that the adults had killed the *Orodromeus* and brought them back to feed their babies. *Troodon*s laid up to 24 eggs in their nests which were earth mounds. They were able to lay two eggs at a time, so large clutches would take two weeks to lay.

A 2017 description had redeemed the validity of *Stenonychosaurus* and had created a new genus from separate bones naming them *Lateniventrix*, limiting *Troodon* to a few teeth.
Humboldt Current
The **Humboldt Current** is a cold, low-salinity ocean current. It flows north along the west coast of South America from the southern tip of Chile to northern Peru. Also called the **Peru Current**, it flows in the direction of the equator. It extends 1,000 kilometers offshore. 

The Humboldt Current is a large marine ecosystem, named after the Prussian naturalist Alexander von Humboldt. It is one of the major nutrient systems of the world, bringing nutrients up into the surface waters of the ocean. This supports an extraordinary abundance of marine life. Upwelling occurs off Peru year-round but off Chile only during the spring and summer. This is because the subtropical center of high pressure is displaced during the summer.

About 18-20% of the world’s fish catch comes from the Humboldt Current. The species are mostly pelagic: sardines, anchovies and jack mackerel. This high productivity supports other important fishery resources as well as marine mammals (eared seals and cetaceans) and seabirds. The cold, nutrient-rich water upwelling to the surface drives the system’s extraordinary productivity.

The Humboldt Current is part of a much larger system, the South Pacific Gyre.
Flag
Coat of arms
**Vác** is a city in Hungary, in Pest county.

Connections
-----------

The M2 Motorway goes south towards Dunakeszi. 2 national roads are also connected with Vác:

* The Road 2 goes north towards Rétság;
* The Road 12 goes west towards Szob.

Another minor road from Vác goes east towards Acsa.

### Cement factory

The Cement factory is Vác's most important industry. It's on the property of Duna-Dráva Cement Ltd.. It started its operation in 1963. Thanks to its continuous modernization, the plant is now one of the most modern cement plants in Europe, producing more than 36 million tons of clinker and more than 50 million tons of cement in recent decades.

Landmarks
---------

Vác Cathedral
Greek Church
Arc de Triomphe
The most important landmark of Vác is the Vác Cathedral. The Vác Cathedral is the seat church of the Diocese of Vác, one of the largest cathedrals in Hungary. It was built between 1761 and 1777 according to the plans of the Austrian Isidore Canevale. It is located on the northern part of Burgundia.

Other landmarks in the city are the Church of the Holy Cross, the Greek church and the Arc de Triomphe.

Sources
-------

1. ↑  "Váci Cementgyár". *www.duna-drava.hu* (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2021-08-16.
**Racism in Thailand** is a system where Thailand's society treats people better or worse depending on their appearance (like skin color, hair, and face) as well as where they are from. Racism is a system that exists around the world, but because every country is different, the system may work differently in different places. Some parts of racism in Thailand are taken from other countries, but other parts are unique.

History
-------

Much of Southeast Asia has a long history of assuming people with darker skin have dark skin because they work outdoors farming and are poor. These assumptions are often wrong, but they are used to justify treating light-skinned people better and dark-skinned people worse. As a result, many people in Thailand have tried to make their skin whiter. Today, major companies like Unilever make a lot of money in Thailand selling products that make skin whiter.

Thailand also has a history of slavery. The Maniq (or Mani) people of Thailand are an indigenous people with dark skin who have been enslaved by monarchs from Malaysia and Thailand. People often refer to them using offensive slurs that mean "slave" in a practice similar to slavery in the United States.

Modern racism
-------------

The Black Lives Matter movement caused people to share experiences with racism around the world. One student wrote an article in a major newspaper saying that Thai people who believe there is no racism there are wrong. Another newspaper interviewed a priest who came to Thailand from the United States and was treated badly; the police assumed he was a drug dealer from Africa. Assumptions that black people are from Africa, are violent, and are very involved with drugs has been spread around the world by white people from places like the United States and Europe.

One Thai vlogger, Natthawadee 'Suzie' Waikalo, has frequently discussed how racism impacted her growing up. In September 2020, a model in Thailand was called African and many racial slurs after she won a beauty pageant, because some people did not think her skin was light enough and she supported protests that are happening in the country.
**Ritchie Blackmore** (born 14 April 1945) is an English guitarist. He is former member and founder of British hard rock band Deep Purple.

Early life
----------

Blackmore was born in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset. His family moved to Heston, Middlesex when he was two.

Career
------

Ritchie Blackmore in 1970
In the 1950s, Blackmore played with small bands. In 1968, Blackmore, with keyboardist Jon Lord, singer Rod Evans, bassist Nick Simper and drummer Ian Paice created the band Deep Purple. Deep Purple had a hit song in the United States with "Hush". Although they were doing well, Ritchie Blackmore and Deep Purple decided to get a different singer. They replaced Evans with Ian Gillan from the band Episode 6. They also replaced the bass player (Nick Simper) with another Episode 6 member, Roger Glover. The band's album *Deep Purple In Rock* was released in 1970. In 1972, Deep Purple made the album *Machine Head*. It included one of their most popular songs, "Smoke on the Water. In 1972, they recorded the live album *Made in Japan*. Gillan and Glover left the group in 1973. They were replaced with singer David Coverdale and bassist Glenn Hughes. The new Deep Purple released two albums *Burn* (1974) and *Stormbringer* (1974). Blackmore left the band soon after these albums were released.

In 1984, Blackmore got back together with Gillan, Glover, Lord and Paice and made the album *Perfect Strangers*. The album had many successes with the songs "Knocking at Your Back Door" and "Perfect Strangers". After recording the album *The Battle Rages On*, Blackmore left the band in 1993.

The Rainbow
-----------

Rainbow Blackmore and Ronnie James Dio
In 1975, Blackmore founded the band The Rainbow. The band included Ronnie James Dio as singer, Craig Gruber on bass, Micky Lee Soule on keyboards, and Gary Driscoll on drums. The band's first album, *Ritchie Blackmore's Rainbow*, was released August 4, 1975. It was followed by *Long Live Rock 'n' Roll* in 1978, with Cozy Powell in drums. On *Difficult to Cure* (1981), The band included the vocalist Joe Lynn Turner, replacing Dio. After several changes in its members, Blackmore disbanded the band in 1997.

Discography
-----------

### Deep Purple

Studio albums
1. *Shades of Deep Purple* (1968)
2. *The Book of Taliesyn* (1968)
3. *Deep Purple* (1969)
4. *Deep Purple in Rock* (1970)
5. *Fireball* (1971)
6. *Machine Head* (1972)
7. *Who Do We Think We Are* (1973)
8. *Burn* (1974)
9. *Stormbringer* (1974)
10. *Perfect Strangers* (1984)
11. *The House of Blue Light* (1987)
12. *Slaves and Masters* (1990)
13. *The Battle Rages On...* (1993)

Other websites
--------------

* The Official Ritchie Blackmore and Blackmore's Night website
* 1975 Interview with Ritchie Blackmore on *Modern Guitars* Magazine Archived 2011-01-05 at the Wayback Machine
* Interview with Ritchie Blackmore
* Interview with Ritchie Blackmore about acoustic renaissance work Archived 2010-08-29 at the Wayback Machine
* First Ritchie Blackmore Fanclub on the net in English with many infos and a community Archived 2010-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
**Qateel Shifai** (real name **Aurangzeb**) (24 December 1919 - 11 July 2001) (Urdu: قتیل شفا ئی) was a Pakistani Urdu poet of controversial reputation and work.

Background
----------

Qateel Shifai was born in Haripur, Hazara Division, British India (now Pakistan). He adopted 'Qateel Shifai' as his pen name in 1938. Due to his father's early death, Qateel was forced to quit his education. Being unsuccessful in his business he decided to move to Rawalpindi, where he started working for a transport company. In 1946, he was called to Lahore to work as the assistant editor of the monthly 'Adab-e-Latif', a literary magazine.

Early career
------------

In January 1947, Qateel was asked to help write the songs of a film by a Lahore-based film producer. The first film he helped penned the lyrics for was "Teri Yaad". After that there was no looking back and initially, after working for some time as assistant lyricist to some of the famous poets/lyricists of the time (c.1947-48 to 1956-57), he eventually became a regular full-time film lyricist. Shifai wrote several collections of his poetry but is best known for being a film lyricist. During the 1970s and 1980s, quite some controversy developed regarding his 'misappropriation' of a couple of old poems, which had been adapted as film lyrics/songs in the movie *Gumnaam* (1954). It was later proved that this song, 'Tu lakh chale ri gori thum thum ke', was not Shifai's work and he had to retract his earlier claim and also remove it from a proposed collection of poems and songs he had planned to publish.

Later career
------------

Later on after the late 1980s, Shifai settled down to a full-time career in the film industry and also produced new volumes of poems and songs, which were considered good. A few of these were also awarded literary prizes. However, even then, the rumors and criticism of his work and talent never wholly died out and he remained a somewhat dubious figure until the end of his career.

Shifai died in Lahore in July 2001.

Filmography
-----------

* Bade Dilwala (1999) (lyricist)
* Yeh Hai Mumbai Meri Jaan (1999) (lyricist)
* Auzaar (1997) (lyricist)
* Tamanna (1996) (as Qatil Shafai)
* Naajayaz (1995) (lyricist) (as Qatil Shafai)
* Naaraz(1994) (as Qatil Shafai)
* Waqt hamara hai (as Qatil Shafai)
* Sir (1993) (lyricist) (as Qateel Shafai)
* Phir Teri Kahani Yaad Aayee (1993)(lyricist) (as Qateel Shafai)
* Tahqiqaat (1993) (lyricist) (as Cratil Sipahi)
* Painter Babu (1983) (lyricist)
* Shireen Farhad (1975) (lyricist)
* Naila (1965) (lyricist)
* Intezar (1956) (assistant lyricist)
* Gumnaam (1954) (assisted Hakim Ahmad Shuja as junior lyricist)
* Gulnaar (1953) (asst lyricist)
* Teri Yaad (1948) (asst lyricist) - (English: Memories) (International: English title)
Berwickshire
**Berwickshire** is a county in Scotland. It is also the name of a committee area of the Scottish Borders Council. Berwickshire is on the boundary of Scotland with England. It is named after Berwick-upon-Tweed, but Scotland lost Berwick to England in 1482.

Berwickshire's first county town was the Royal Burgh of Berwick-upon-Tweed. In 1482 England seized Berwick. After that the shire's business was done at Duns or Lauder until Greenlaw became the county town in 1596.

A Sheriff Court sits in Duns.

Local government
----------------

Berwickshire County Council, like all the County Councils in Scotland, was made in 1890. The Council met in Duns. Berwickshire County Council was ended in 1975.

In 1975 a new Borders Region was made. A Berwickshire District Council was made within it too, with an area like the county’s but not the same. Berwickshire District Council was ended in 1996.

Berwickshire is now all in the Scottish Borders Council Area.

Coat of arms
------------

Berwickshire County Council's shield
In 1890, when Berwickshire County Council was made, the Council asked the Lord Lyon King of Arms to give them a shield and arms. He gave a shield and arms to the County Council on 10 October 1890.

The shield shows a bear chained to a wych-elm tree. The bear and wych-elm are part of Berwick upon Tweed’s shield because they sound like the town’s name.

On 12 November 1975 the Lord Lyon gave the arms again to Berwickshire District Council. When the district council ended in 1996, the right to the arms went back to the Queen.

Berwickshire’s name today
-------------------------

Berwickshire’s name is still used locally. *The Berwickshire News* is a newspaper in the county and many groups keep "Berwickshire" in their titles.

The Berwickshire Civic Society is (2009) asking the Council to put road signs up to tell drivers who are coming into the county that they are coming into Berwickshire. The Berwickshire Civic Society has a *Keep Berwickshire Tidy* competition each April.

Places in Berwickshire include:

* Coldingham
* Coldstream
* Duns
* Earlston
* Eyemouth
* Foulden
* Greenlaw
* Lauder
* Mordington
* St. Abbs
* Swinton.
Boxplot and probability density function of a normal distribution *N*(0, *σ*2).
In probability and statistics, a **probability density function** is a function that characterizes any continuous probability distribution. For a random variable *X*, the probability density function of X is sometimes written as {\displaystyle f\_{X}(x)}. The integral of the probability density function in the interval {\displaystyle [a,b]} yields the probability that a given random variable with the given density is contained in the interval provided. By definition, the probability density function is non-negative throughout its domain, on which the integral sums up to 1.

Probability density versus probability mass function
----------------------------------------------------

The probability mass function is to a discrete probability distribution what the probability density function is to a continuous probability distribution. The probability density function is necessary to be able to work with continuous distributions. 

A random variable with a continuous probability distribution can take on any value within that distribution. Casting a dice will give the numbers 1 to 6, with a probability of {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{6}}}, but this is not a continuous function, as only the numbers 1 to 6 are possible. 

In contrast, two people will not have the same height or the same weight. Using a probability density function, it is possible to determine the probability for people between 180 centimetres (71 in) and 181 centimetres (71 in), or between 80 kilograms (176.4 lb) and 81 kilograms (178.6 lb), even though there are infinitely many values between these two bounds.
*Amia calva* in aquarium
The **bowfin** (*Amia calva*) is a primitive bony fish in the genus *Amia* that lives in North America. It is a relict species, last of a group known as the Halecomorphi. That group appeared the Lower Triassic, about 250 million years ago. 

The bowfin is described as "primitive" because they have characteristics of their early ancestors. The closest living relatives of bowfins are gars: the two groups make up the clade Holostei.

Their physiology is quite interesting. Like gars, bowfin are *bimodal breathers*: they can to breathe both water and air. Their gills exchange gases in the water, and they also have a gas bladder. The gas bladder is the secret: it keeps buoyancy, and lets the fish breathe air by a small pneumatic duct which goes from the foregut to the gas bladder. They break the surface to gulp air. This lets them survive conditions of hypoxia which would be lethal to most species.

Bowfin body-shape evolution and development
-------------------------------------------

The first fish lacked jaws and used negative pressure to suck their food in through their mouths. The jaw in the bowfin is a result of their evolutionary need to be able to catch and eat bigger and more nutritious prey. As a result of being able to gather more nutrients, Bowfin are able to live a more active lifestyle. The jaw of a bowfin has several adaptations.

Similar species
---------------

Some people mistake northern snakeheads (*Channa argus*) for bowfin because even if they are in a different genus, they have similarities to them in appearance, most noticeably their elongated, cylindrical shape, and long dorsal fin that runs along their backs.

Diseases
--------

Bowfin (*Amia calva*)
A common parasite of bowfin is the anchor worm from the genus *Lernaea*. These crustaceans infest the skin and bases of fins, with consequences ranging from slowed growth to death.

Feeding
-------

Bowfin are stalking, ambush predators that move into the shallows at night to prey on fish, and aquatic invertebrates such as crawfish, mollusks, and aquatic insects.
**Anette E. "Peko" Hosoi** is an American engineer. Hosoi is a sports engineer. She was one of the first female faculty at Harvey Mudd College. She moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is the Associate Dean of Engineering.

Education
---------

Hosoi received her Bachelor's degree at Princeton. She also received her Master's degree and PhD at the University of Chicago.

Career
------

Hosoi has so many passions to pursue. Her research contributions contain fluid dynamics, biomechanics and bio-inspired design. She is an expert in "soft robotics." Her work is used by physicists, biologists, roboticists.

She has many passions in sports, engineering and mathematics. Anette Hosoi joined Harvey Mudd College in 2001. She was one of the first female employees. Hosoi was a role model to many females. Later on, Harvey Mudd became much more open to women. In 2002 Hosoi joined the Mechanical Engineering program at MIT as an assistant professor as well as a mathematics professor.

### Engineering

Hosoi pursued her passion for engineering by becoming a professor of mechanical engineering as well as the associate dean of MITs school of Engineering. She displayed her love for engineering while biking. She is always ready to jump into fixing problems.

### Sports

Hosoi enjoyed sports and athletics. She is an intense mountain biker. From fixing her bike in the middle of mountain biking to inventing solutions to problems during the Olympics, Hosoi can do the impossible.

### Mathematics

Hosoi has always found mathematics to be extraordinary. She started out as one of the first women professors of mathematics at Harvey Mudd College and eventually became a mathematics professor at MIT.

### Sports Lab

Hosoi founded the MIT Sports Lab which solves the physics behind worldwide athletic accomplishments. Here they apply engineering and mathematics to solve problems in the sports domain as well as using engineering to help elevate sports performances.

Awards & Accomplishments
------------------------

Hosoi is the professor and associate department head for operations in MITs Department of Mechanical Engineering. She has also received awards like the Ruth and Joel Spira Award for Distinguished Teaching, the Bose Award for Excellence in Teachings and the Jacob P. Den Hartog Distinguished Educator Award.

Women Leadership
----------------

As one of the first female recruits at Harvey Mudd, Hosoi added value as a female role model in which others could look up to. Many more female students approached her office as a safe space that they belong in. This shows the necessity of female teachers, role models and female leadership.
Animation of a schematic Newcomen steam engine.  
– Steam is shown pink and water is blue.  
– Valves move from open (green) to closed (red)
**Thomas Newcomen** (February 1664 – 5 August 1729) was an English inventor. He made the first practical steam engine for pumping water, the **Newcomen steam engine**.

Newcomen was an ironmonger and a Baptist lay preacher. He was born in Dartmouth, Devon, England, to a merchant family and baptised at St. Saviour's Church on 24 February 1664.

Flooding in coal and tin mines was a large problem. Newcomen was trying to improve ways to pump out the water from the mines. His ironmonger's business specialised in tools for the mining industry.

His first engine was not very efficient, and used a lot of coal. The Watt steam engine, was much more fuel efficient. Watt and his partner Matthew Boulton got substantial royalties because their machines saved so much on fuel bills.

Surviving Newcomen engines
--------------------------

There are examples of Newcomen engines in the Science Museum (London) and the Ford Museum, Dearborn, Michigan.

Perhaps the last Newcomen-style engine to be used commercially – and the last still on its original site – is at the Elsecar Heritage Centre, near Barnsley in South Yorkshire. Newcomen engines that can be seen working are the Newcomen Memorial Engine at Dartmouth and the replica engine at the Black Country Museum in Dudley, West Midlands.
Linus Torvalds
**Linus Benedict Torvalds** (/ˈliːnəs ˈtɔːrvɔːldz/ *LEE-nəs TOR-vawldz*, Finland Swedish: [ˈliːnʉs ˈtuːrvɑlds] (audio speaker iconlisten); born 28 December 1969) is a Finnish-American software engineer.

His parents named him after Linus Pauling. He studied at the University of Helsinki from 1988 to 1996. He became famous because of the success of his operating system, Linux. He started making this system as a student project in 1991. He based it on the popular UNIX operating system. Today, Linux has become the most popular free operating system.

Linus is the leader of the Linux project, which has many members around the world. He is the one person who can make decisions about changes or future development on the operating system. He also made the version control system Git. He now lives with his family in the United States. 

Linus chose the penguin to be the logo of Linux. A picture of a penguin called Tux appears on many desktop computers that run Linux.

Other websites
--------------

* Linus Torvalds' personal homepage
* The Linux Kernel Archives - the Linux kernel source provided by the Kernel.org Organization
Terrence Prendergast in 2015
**Terrence Thomas Prendergast, SJ** (born 19 February 1944) is the Archbishop of Ottawa, Canada. He was formerly the Archbishop of Halifax. Prior to that he was the titular (in title only) Bishop of Slebte and Auxiliary Bishop of Toronto.

Early life
----------

Prendergast was born in Montreal. He became a Jesuit priest in 1972. He has a Bachelor of Arts degree from Fordham University. He then studied at Regis College, Toronto School of Theology, which was a part of Saint Mary's University in Halifax. There he earned a Master of Divinity and a Doctor of Theology degree.

Professor
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Prendergast taught Latin and Greek at Loyola High School in Montreal from 1967 to 1969. After he became a priest and earned his Doctor of Theology degree, he taught in Halifax at the Atlantic School of Theology from 1975 to 1981. He was the rector of Toronto's Regis College from 1981 to 1987, and its Dean of Theology from 1991 to 1994. From 1992 to 1994 he helped Bishop Frederick Henry visit English-language Canadian seminaries for the Vatican. When he was asked to be Auxiliary Bishop of Toronto in 1995, he was a Visiting Professor at the École Biblique in Jerusalem.

Bishop
------

Coat of arms of Archbishop Terrence Prendergast, Archbishop of Ottawa
Prendergast was chosen to become titular Bishop of Slebte and Auxiliary Bishop of Toronto on February 22, 1995. Prendergast was consecrated in St. Michael's Cathedral, Toronto, on April 25, 1995.

He became Archbishop of Halifax on September 14, 1998. The Archbishop of Halifax is in charge of dioceses in the provinces of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Prendergast also became the Chancellor of Saint Mary's University in Halifax. This is because the university always had the archbishop as its chancellor. In 2007 the archdiocese and the university decided that the Archbishop would not be the chancellor anymore. Instead, he would be called the "Visitor" to the university.

Prendergast became the ninth Archbishop of Ottawa on June 26, 2007. He is also the Chancellor of Saint Paul University as the university has always had the archbishop as its chancellor.

Other
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Archbishop Prendergast has a sister and three brothers. He is devoted to his many nieces and nephews, as well as to his Jesuit religious family. His hobbies include squash, cycling, skating, foreign films and Italian cooking.
Biswajit Dutta

Reasons for registration
------------------------

**Births, deaths**, and **marriages** are registered to prove the date the event happened. In the United Kingdom these records are kept by the local registrar, who is in charge of the Register office.

**Motor vehicles** are registered to prove who owns the vehicle and to identify them. Those that not registered cannot be driven on roads. Aircraft not registered cannot be flown. Proof that a vehicle is registered is the vehicle registration plate. Vehicles must also be registered before they can be insured in case of an accident or theft.

**Books** might be registered to show the date when copyright protection starts. Usually this is done by sending a copy of the book to a special national library.

People who stay in a hotel register their names and addresses when they arrive. The hotel can work out how much the people must pay for their stay. The local police may also keep a copy of these names to help fight crime.

Related pages
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* Registered nurse
* Registered user
* Voter registration
**Rosebell Kagumire** is a feminist, Pan-Africanist, and writer from Uganda. She is the editor of a website about feminism in Africa. Rosebell went to Makerere University for her undergraduate degree is in Mass Communication, attained her masters in Media, Peace and Conflict Studies from Universidad para la Paz (UN University of Peace) in Costa Rica, attended short term study in nonviolent conflict at the Fletcher School Tufts University before beginning her career in activism and social media. She worked in Ugandan leading news media including Daily Monitor and NTV. In 2012, her criticism of the campaign Kony 2012 made her more well-known to many people on international stage. Since then, she has become a writer and analyst for leading international media like Al Jazeera and The Guardian. She is one of many feminists from East Africa who are becoming more well known outside of Africa, along with others like Stella Nyanzi.

In 2020 she co-edited a book: Challenging Patriarchy: The Role of Patriarchy in the Roll-Back of Democracy. She has written a book chapter on Young Ugandan Feminists Voices in *Youth in Africa: Agents of Change*

Rosebell was honored with the Anna Guèye 2018 award for her contribution to digital democracy, justice and equality on the African continent by Africtivistes, a network of African activists for democracy. Her expertise ranges covers social movements and accountability, women's rights, migrants and refugee rights and social justice. She has spoken widely on racism and the development sector sharing her own story to connect with millions of Black professionals that continue to interface these global systems of oppression.

In 2013, the World Economic Forum recognised Rosebell as one of the Young Global Leaders under 40.
A **clause** is a part of a sentence. Each clause is made up of a subject (who or what the sentence is about) and a predicate (what happens in a sentence). Each predicate has only one main verb. *I love you* is a sentence which has only one clause. *I love you and I will always love you* is a sentence which has two clauses. The two clauses are *I love you* and *I will always love you*. These clauses are joined together by the word *and*, which is a conjunction. Clauses may be independent or dependent.

In use
------

Two clauses can be joined with a pronoun. For example: *I live in London, which is in England*. Here, *I live in London* is the first clause, and *which is in England* is the second clause. The word *which* is a pronoun which takes the place of *London*. It joins the two clauses. A sentence can contain many clauses. But sentences with fewer clauses are easier to understand.

Dependent and independent clauses
---------------------------------

A simple sentence may also be called an independent clause. It may be a part of a compound or complex sentence, but it can also stand on its own as a simple sentence (or independent clause). 
A **subordinate clause** also called a **dependent clause** is one which cannot stand by itself. This is because it does not express a complete thought. It contains both a subject and a verb. A subordinate clause always depends on a main clause. The main clause is almost always an independent clause, therefore the main clause by itself makes sense and can stand on its own. However, the subordinate clause does not. For example, *I love you* makes perfect sense left on its own. However, *and always will*, does not. The only time a sentence can be made up of only dependent clauses is when they are joined by correlative conjunctions: conjunction pairs like "either/or", "neither/nor", and "not only/but also".

Other websites
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* Clauses: the Essential Building-Blocks Archived 2015-12-21 at the Wayback Machine
* Purdue Owl: Identifying Independent and Dependent Clauses
*Serratia* – genus of Gram-negative anaerobic rod-shaped bacteria, some species of which produce a red pigment, prodigiosin. Members of *Serratia* were initially considered harmless, however, they cause infections in animals, plants, humans, and insects. The diseases include pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, and wound infections. The most common species – *Serratia* *marcescens*, was found to be highly pathogenic to humans and animals. *S. marcescens* is included in hospital-acquired infections; found in urinary, respiratory, and gastrointestinal tracts. They cause disease mainly in individuals with weak immune system. Other species cause bone and cardiovascular system infections.

Habitat
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*Serratia* genus occupies wide range of habitats, including water, both seawater and drinking water; plants, such as vegetables, mushrooms, grasses, mosses; and insects: healthy, diseased and dead.

History
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The discovery of *Serratia* genus began with *Serratia marcescens* species colonised food in 1819. In the city of Padula, Italy, cornmeal dish, called polenta, of many people turned red. This phenomenon was called "bloody polenta" and was believed to have a diabolical origin. The investigation began, and Pietro Melo wrote a paper where he stated that it was spontaneous fermentation. For four years Bartolomeo Bizio, a Venetian pharmacist observed small red spots which got larger and subsequently merged into a red mass. Later, in 1823, he published a paper where he stated that the organism was a fungus and named him *Serratia marcescens* (after a Florentine physicist Serafino Serrati).

Transmission and treatment
--------------------------

Transmission occurs hand-to-hand, through hospital equipment, such as catheters, and also sinks, blood products and antiseptics.  

*S. marcescens* species are increasingly resistant to antibiotics, they rapidly acquire resistant genes, which makes the infections difficult to treat. Gentamicin is the common antibiotic that was used to treat *S. marcescens* infections, however, bacteria became resistant to it. *S. marcescens* has the ability to produce beta-lactamase, which is the enzyme providing bacteria resistance to beta lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin. Now the treatment is more effective in a combination of different antibiotics5.
**Brian McClendon** (born 1964) is an American software designer, developer, and engineer. He was a co-founder and angel investor in Keyhole, Inc.. Keyhole is a geospatial data visualization company that was purchased by Google in 2004. Google bought it so they could create Google Earth. He was inducted into the National Academy of Engineering in 2015.

Early life
----------

McClendon grew up in Lawrence, Kansas. His childhood home, Meadowbrook Apartments in Lawrence, is the default center point of Google Earth. He graduated from Lawrence High School in 1982. He graduated from the University of Kansas in 1986 with a degree in electrical engineering.

Career
------

### Technology

McClendon became a vice president at Google in 2004. This was when Google purchased Keyhole. Keyhole's main application suite, Earth Viewer, formed the basis of Google Earth.

He left Google to join Uber in June 2015. He did this to work on mapping.

In March 2017, he quit Uber (though was still an adviser) to return to his hometown. He said he was interested in Kansas politics.

### Politics

In January 2018, he said he would run for Kansas Secretary of State as a Democrat. He had no opponent in the primary election. He was selected as the Democratic candidate. He was defeated in the general election by the Republican candidate Scott Schwab.

Other websites
--------------

* Website Archived 2018-11-06 at the Wayback Machine
* NAE Profile