recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**George Shephard "Shep" Houghton** (June 4, 1914 - December 15, 2016) was an American actor and dancer. He is known for his role in *Gone with the Wind* and *The Wizard of Oz*. At the time of his death Houghton was the oldest surviving crew member from both movies.

Early life
----------

Houghton was born in Salt Lake City, Utah on June 4, 1914. He was born to a family of farmers. His parents were George Henry Houghton (1883-1958) and Mabell Viola Shephard (1883-1972). His family moved to Hollywood for business reasons in 1927.

Career
------

They settled not far from Paramount Pictures' studios. In 1927, Shep made his first movie. It was the *Underworld*. It was a silent movie. Houghton was a dancer during his early career. He once taught actress Greta Garbo how to waltz for a role in *Conquest*.

In 1939, Houghton appeared in two movie classics, first as Ozmite and a Winkie Guard in the *Wizard of Oz* and as a Southern dandy in *Gone with the Wind*. 

Houghton acted in many recurring roles, beginning with the *Jack Benny Program* in 1950. He worked on the program until 1965. He appeared in *Star Trek: The Original Series*, in which he appeared in only the first three episodes. In addition to these productions, he worked on the *I Love Lucy* show from 1951 to 1957. He also appeared on *Wagon Train*, *Perry Mason*, *The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour*, *Mr. Lucky*, *The Untouchables*, and *The Twilight Zone*.

The 1960s, he appeared in *My Three Sons*, *The Andy Griffith Show*, *The Dick Van Dyke Show*, and *The Loretta Young Show*. In movies, Houghton appeared as a slave in *Spartacus* and as a dancer in *Hello, Dolly!*. 

In the 1970s, he worked on *The Mary Tyler Moore Show*. His last role was as a juror in the final episodes of *Ellery Queen*. He retired from acting later that year.

Personal life
-------------

In 1935 he married Jane Rosily Kellogg. The couple divorced in 1945. He married actress Geraldine Farnum in 1946, but they divorced in 1948. Shep had two children.

In the early 1950s he worked for television, mostly as a dancer. He married Mel Carter in 1975.

He died on December 15, 2016 in Hoodsport, Washington.

Other websites
--------------

* Shep Houghton on IMDb
**Objectivity** is a significant principle of journalistic professionalism. It involves presenting information that can be relied upon.

Objectivity may have several meanings in the eye of the public. "Fairness" involves making sure that multiple sides of an issue are presented. "Disinterestedness" means that the presenters are neutral in a story in which the people involved try to influence them. "Factuality" bases story content on facts that can be checked by an independent agent. "Nonpartisanship" means not taking sides, especially on political matters. Depending on the topic of a story, any or all of these factors may be relevant in the journalist's remaining objective.

The editorial board of media outlets such as the press or broadcast news chooses what information to present, so the editors' selection may be biased toward one position or belief system.

In many countries, "advocacy journalism," which supports a particular position, is considered as a legitimate sort of professional journalism. These stories may be either news or analysis. They may or may not be objective.

Definitions
-----------

Few journalists would make a claim to total neutrality or impartiality. However, most try to keep distance from their own personal biases in their news work. In *Discovering the News* (1978), sociologist Michael Schudson argues that "the belief in objectivity is a faith in 'facts,' a distrust in 'values,' and a commitment to their segregation." In the United States, an objective story is typically considered to be one that steers a middle path between two poles of political rhetoric. 

Journalism without any bias, as if one just came to Earth from another planet and had no opinions about our behavior or ways is rarely practiced, although some argue it would lead to radical changes in reporting. (See, for example, Noam Chomsky, The Journalist from Mars.)

Related pages
-------------

* Objectivity
* Objectivity (philosophy) for a general discussion of objectivity
* Objectivity (science)
Simple diagram of a nuclear thermal rocket. This variant uses a turbopump to move fuel from the fuel tank to the reactor.
A **nuclear thermal rocket** (abbreviated to **NTR**) is a type of rocket engine which heats a propellant (usually liquid hydrogen) using a nuclear reactor. This is different from chemical rockets, which burn their propellant to heat it. NTRs have higher exhaust velocities than chemical rockets, high enough to triple a spacecraft's payload capacity (the amount of cargo or astronauts they can carry to their destination).

NTRs have the potential to be very fuel efficient while still providing good thrust, but their thrust-to-weight ratio is very small. A rocket's thrust-to-weight ratio (TWR) is the proportion between the amount of thrust the spacecraft can make and how much the spacecraft weighs. For example, a spacecraft that weighs 100 pounds and can produce 10 pounds of thrust would have a TWR of 1:10. An average chemical rocket has a TWR of about 70:1, but an average NTR has a TWR of 7:1. This means that NTRs have to burn for a long time to get the same acceleration as a chemical rocket. This is balanced by their high fuel efficiency.

NTRs have not been tested in space yet, but a special program named DRACO is going to attempt to do so.
Lack of the plant hormone auxin can cause abnormal growth (right)
**Plant hormones** (or **Phytohormones**) are chemicals that regulate plant growth. In the UK they are called 'plant growth substances'. The best known plant hormone is auxin.

Plant hormones are signal molecules produced within the plant. They occur in extremely low concentrations. Hormones regulate cellular processes in targeted cells. Hormones also govern the formation of flowers, stems, leaves, the shedding of leaves, and the development and ripening of fruit.

Plants, unlike animals, lack glands that produce and secrete hormones. Individual cells can produce hormones. They affect which tissues grow upward and which grow downward, leaf formation and stem growth, fruit development and ripening, plant longevity, and even plant death. Hormones are vital to plant growth, and, lacking them, plants would be mostly a mass of undifferentiated cells. So they are also known as growth factors or growth hormones.

Phytohormones are found not only in higher plants, but in algae too, with similar functions. They also occur in fungi and bacteria, where they may be used to induce beneficial reactions in host plants.
**William Thomas Astbury** FRS (Bill Astbury, 25 February 1898, Longton – 4 June 1961, Leeds) was an English physicist and molecular biologist.

Astbury made early X-ray diffraction studies of biological molecules. His work on keratin helped Linus Pauling discover the alpha helix. He also studied the structure for DNA in 1937 and made the first step in working out its structure.

The road to DNA
---------------

In 1937 Torbjörn Caspersson of Sweden sent him well-prepared samples of DNA from calf thymus. The fact that DNA produced a diffraction pattern showed it had a regular structure. Astbury reported that DNA's structure repeated every 2.7 nanometres and that the bases lay flat, stacked, 0.34 nanometres apart. At a symposium in 1938 at Cold Spring Harbor, Astbury pointed out that the 0.34 nanometre spacing was the same as amino acids in polypeptide chains. Actually, the spacing of the bases in the B-form of DNA is 0.332 nm.

In 1946 Astbury presented a paper at a symposium in Cambridge in which he said: "Biosynthesis is supremely a question of fitting molecules or parts of molecules against another... one of the great biological developments of our time is the realisation that probably the most fundamental interaction of all is that between the proteins and the nucleic acids". He also said that the spacing between the nucleotides and the spacing of amino acids in proteins "was not an arithmetical accident".

Astbury was unable to propose the correct structure of DNA from his data. However in 1952 Linus Pauling used Astbury's insufficient data to propose a structure for DNA, which was also incorrect. Nevertheless Astbury's work encouraged Maurice Wilkins, Raymond Gosling and Rosalind Franklin at Kings College, London. Their X-ray crystallography results were used by Francis Crick and James D. Watson to identify the structure of DNA in 1953.
**Plant sap**, or just **sap**, is fluid transported in xylem tubes or phloem cells of a plant. Xylem cells transport water and inorganic nutrients through the plant; phloem cells transport sugary fluids and other biological molecules.

Latex or resin is not plant sap. They are separately produced, with different components and functions.

Types of plant sap
------------------

### Xylem sap

Xylem sap is mainly water, with plant hormones, mineral elements and other nutrients in a dilute solution. Sap in xylem moves from roots towards the leaves.

### Phloem sap

Leafhoppers feeding on plant sap, attended by ants
Phloem sap is water, with manufactured sugars, other biological molecules and mineral elements dissolved in it. It flows from where carbohydrates are produced or stored to where they are used.

A large number of animals, all of the single insect order Hemiptera, feed directly on phloem sap, and make it the primary component of their diet. Phloem sap is "nutrient-rich compared with many other plant products and generally lacking in toxins and feeding deterrents, [but] it is consumed as the sole diet by a very restricted range of animals". Phloem sap is physiologically extreme in terms of animal digestion: it is thought that few animals take direct advantage of this because they lack adaptations to this diet.

Many more consume phloem sap by proxy, feeding on the honeydew (a sweet secretion) of phloem-feeding hemipterans. Honeydew is physiologically less extreme than phloem sap. Others feed on the biomass of insects which have grown on direct ingestion of phloem sap.

Many products are made from plant sap. One of them is maple syrup. Maple syrup is made using sap from sugar maple trees.

Sap colour is different for different plants. 
e.g.:

* Banana – colorless
* members of Myristicaceae – red
* members of Anacardiaceae – black
* members of Gluciaceae – yellow
* *Symphonia globilifera* – green
**Yôichi Maeda** (前田陽一, *Maeda Yôichi*, December 14, 1934 - May 3, 1998) is a Japanese movie director and screenwriter from Tatsuno, Hyogo Prefecture. He directed 17 movies for Shochiku and three for Toho. The best-known movie he directed is *Make Way For The Jaguars* from 1968, which became his well known musical comedy movie.

Biography
---------

After graduating from Tatsuno High School and Waseda University School of Letters, Maeda joined the Shochiku Ofuna Film Studio in April 1958. He worked as an assistant director for Yoshishige Yoshida and Minoru Shibuya. In 1964, he made his first feature film debut as a director with *Nippon Paradise* (starring Yoshiko Kayama, along with Daisuke Katō, Mariko Kaga and Hiroyuki Nagato). Since then, he has been mainly focusing on comedy. 

After the decline of theatrical movies, Maeda switches to TV, worked on many television dramas, and co-represented the script-writing office "Ragus" with screenwriter Hideichi Nagahara. 

In 1998, he decided to make one last cinematic movie for the studio production "New Karajishi Co. Ltd." for the first time in a while, but he was hospitalized one week after filming it. Maeda died of liver failure on May 3, 1998. He was 63 years old. The filmed "New Karashishi Co. Ltd." was successfully completed and released by director Hideo Nanbu and screenwriter Hidetaka Nagahama, who were studying under director Maeda before. Directors Nanbu and writer Nagahama are credited as "cooperative directors", but they are still collaborated with by Yoichi Maeda.

He directed three movies for Toho with *Kigeki migimuke hidari!* (1970), *Kigeki kinō no teki wa kyō mo teki* and *Okite koronde mata okite* (1971). 

In his 1968 musical comedy movie, *Make Way For The Jaguars*, Maeda used good and sounds like The Beatles vocal harmonies mixed with "Psychotic Reaction" type fuzz guitar and the screen goes trippy with psychedelic prism effects—makes you think The Jaguars must have been "experienced."

Other websites
--------------

* Yoichi Maeda on IMDb

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Preparing a bowl of Sangria
A glass of Sangria
In a restaurant, Sangria is commonly served in pitchers.
Sangria, prepared with blueberries, lemon, lime, and other fruit
**Sangria**  (English: /sæŋˈɡriːə/,Spanish: *sangría* [saŋˈɡɾi.a]) is a kind of mixed drink on the basis of red wine. The name is protected. Under EU regulations, Sangria may only be produced in Spain and Portugal. Citrus fruit and red berries are commonly added. Some recipes also add spirits to boost the amount of alcohol. Sangria is usually served cold. According to the EU regulation, Sangria contains between 4.5 and 12% alcohol by volume.

Variations
----------

Depending on the location, cider is used instead of red wine. Sometimes, sparkling wine, mostly Cava, is used instead. Other kinds of white wine have also been used. To make the drink suitable for children, the red wine can be replaced with fruit juice or a soft drink. The resulting drink then contains no alcohol.

Common ingredients
------------------

Sangria commonly contains the following:

* Red wine is the base ingredient, and gives the color. Usually, young wines are used. Recipes with white wine are called *'sangría a secas*' or simply *'while sangria*'. In Catalonia, Cava, a kind of sparkling wine is commonly used. In Asturias, cider is common.
* Sugar
* Lemons and oranges
* Other fruit: whatever is available at the time. peach, apricot, pear, apple, and banana are common.
* Spices: cinnamon
* Carbon dioxide
* Spirits: Red Vermouth, Brandy or other liquor (for example Triple sec).
**William Donald Hamilton** FRS (1 August 1936 – 7 March 2000) was an English evolutionary biologist whom Richard Dawkins praised as one of the greatest evolutionary theorists of the 20th century.

Hamilton became famous through his theoretical work on kin selection and altruism. He explained its genetic basis, and this was a key part of the gene-centered view of evolution. In doing this, he became one of the forerunners of sociobiology, as popularized by E.O. Wilson. Hamilton was certainly a big influence on Dawkins. He also published important work on sex ratios and the evolution of sex. From 1984 to his death in 2000, he was the Royal Society Research Professor at Oxford University. He died of malaria contracted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Hamilton's equation
-------------------

Hamilton's equation describes whether or not a gene for altruistic behaviour will spread in a population. The gene will spread if **r**x**b** is greater than **c**:

{\displaystyle rb>c\ }
where:

* {\displaystyle c\ } is the reproductive cost to the altruist,
* {\displaystyle b\ } is the reproductive benefit to the recipient of the altruistic behavior, and
* {\displaystyle r\ } is the probability, above the population average, of the individuals sharing an altruistic gene – the "degree of relatedness".

Collected papers
----------------

Hamilton started to publish his collected papers starting in 1996, with short essays giving each paper context. He died after the preparation of the second volume, so the commentaries for the third volume came from his coauthors.

* Hamilton, W.D. (2005). *Narrow Roads of Gene Land: Volume 1: Evolution of Social Behaviour*. Oxford University Press on Demand. ISBN 978-0-7167-4530-3.
* Hamilton, W.D. (2001). *Narrow Roads of Gene Land: Volume 2: Evolution of Sex*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-850336-1.
* Hamilton, W.D. (2005). *Narrow Roads of Gene Land - The Collected Papers of W.D. Hamilton: Volume 3 - Last Words*. Oxford University Press on Demand. ISBN 0-19-856690-5.
**Wrexham** (Welsh: *Wrecsam*) is the largest city in north Wales. It is an administrative, commercial, retail and educational centre. 

Wrexham is between the Welsh mountains and the lower Dee Valley along the border with England. Historically part of Denbighshire, the then town became part of Clwyd in 1974. Since 1996 it has been the centre of the Wrexham County Borough.

At the 2011 Census, Wrexham had a population of 61,603, the fourth largest urban area in Wales. It became a city in September 2022.

The city has a professional football club, Wrexham AFC, who currently compete in the English football league system. The club gained major international publicity when it was purchased in 2021 by American actor Rob McElhenney and Canadian–American actor Ryan Reynolds. The pair's ownership of the team is the subject of the documentary TV programme *Welcome to Wrexham*.

It has two train stations, these are Wrexham General and Wrexham Central.

Gallery
-------

* The Racecourse Ground, home of Wrexham FCThe Racecourse Ground, home of Wrexham FC
* Acton Park lakeActon Park lake
* The 'Cup and Saucer' at Erddig ParkThe 'Cup and Saucer' at Erddig Park

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The **winghead shark** (*Eusphyra blochii*) is a species of Hammerhead shark. This shark gets its name from the wide lobes on its head. It is the only member in the genus *Eusphyra*. It is a small and harmless species, and is fished throughout its range.

Description
-----------

Like all other Hammerhead sharks, the winghead shark has a "hammer" on its head known as the "cephalofoil". The winghead shark's cephalofoil is very long and thin, making it different from other Hammerhead sharks. The width of its cephalofoil is 40 to 50% of the body length. The cephalofoil is arrow-shaped from above, and has small bumps in front of the nostrils. Unlike other Hammerhead sharks the nostrils are closer to the centre of the cephalofoil than the ends. The winghead shark is normally grey, greyish-brown or light brown in colour. It is a small shark, usually growing up to the length of 130 cm (51 inches), but the longest ever found was 186 cm (73 in) long.

Where they live
---------------

The winghead shark is found in shallow waters on the continental shelves of the Western Indo-Pacific, from the Persian Gulf to the Philippines, north to China and Taiwan, and south to Queensland and the Northern Territory of Australia. The winghead shark sometimes enters the brackish water of estuaries.

Feeding
-------

The winghead shark feeds on bony fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods like squid, octopus and cuttlefish.

Reproduction
------------

Like most other Hammerhead sharks, the winghead shark is viviparous. Near Bombay winghead shark's mating season takes place during June and August, and females are pregnant for around 8 to 11 months before giving birth to their young during April and May. Near Australia, females are pregnant for 10 to 11 months before giving birth to their young in February and March. Females give birth to 6-25 pups every year, with the young measuring 32–45 cm (13-18 in) long. winghead shark mature when they are around 110 cm long.
**Zam Zama** or **Zam-zammah** also often called the 'terror of Northern India' is an old cannon. It is made of brass and was made in Lahore (now in Pakistan) in 1762, on the orders of the Afghan king. Ahmad Shah Durrani. It was of great size back then, and had tremendous fire-power, and all armies opposing the Afghans were terrified of it in the region. 

Kim atop Zam Zama, illustration for the 1901 novel
The cannon was later damaged in a military campaign and sank to the bottom of the Chenab River from where it was recovered and captured by the victorious Sikh *Khalsa* forces of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. After that, the Punjab region fell under Sikh rule, giving birth to the superstition that 'whoever holds Zam Zama holds the Punjab'.

The cannon was later taken to Delhi but brought back to Lahore in 1870 and installed outside the old Lahore Museum and then later on shifted outside the present museum building in the 1890s, opposite to the old campus of the University of the Punjab. It was later restored and cleaned up in the 1990s.

During the period of British India, Zam Zama achieved special fame when the writer Rudyard Kipling mentioned in the opening pages of *Kim (book)*, published in 1901.
**Palladium** is an English Pop Rock band. It started in September 2006.

The four band members are Peter, Rufio, Fez and Rocky. They met each other during various tours on the session musician circuit.
They played their first gig together under the name, "The Peppernotes" at a Caribbean Restaurant dressed as Peter Pan in drag. Since then they have changed their name to Palladium and played alongside Amy Winehouse, Mika and The Thrills.
They were soon signed to Virgin Records. The deal being signed whilst they were on tour in Japan.
Through their live shows Palladium have gained many fans, including Amy Winehouse, Mystery Jets and Get Cape, Wear Cape, Fly.
Their debut single, "Happy Hour", was released on 23 July 2007.
They have recorded their debut album, *The Way It's Not*, with Tony Hoffer (The Kooks, Beck, The Fratellis). It was announced that the album was due to be released on 28 January 2008. However, according to HMV and Amazon.co.uk it is now expected to be released on 17 March 2008.
They were announced as main support for Mika's late 2007 UK tour.

Musical Style
-------------

Palladium get ideas from a wide range of music. Pink Floyd, The Police, Toto, Fleetwood Mac, Stevie Wonder and Hall and Oates have all been mentioned by the band. They have also played at Godolphin and Latymer School in Hammersmith.

Discography
-----------

### Singles

| Date of Release | Title | Chart Positions | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| UK Singles Chart | UK Indie Chart | UK Rock Chart |
| July 23 2007 | "Happy Hour" | - | - | - | *TBR* |
| November 5, 2007 | "High 5" | 44 | - | - | *TBR* |

Video
-----

* PalladiumOfficial Video page Archived 2008-04-17 at the Wayback Machine
* Palldium - White Lady, Live
* The Strange Musician, Part one - PalladiumOfficial Video Blog Story
* Palladium - Get it Right, Live

Other websites
--------------

* Official MySpace Page
* Bandstand
* Official Website Archived 2018-08-30 at the Wayback Machine
Rossendale Valley is located in LancashireRossendale Valleyclass=notpageimage| *Rossendale Valley shown in Lancashire*  
(grid reference SD8123)
The **Rossendale Valley** (also called the *Forest of Rossendale*) is an area North West England, in Lancashire. The area is in Rossendale. It is made up of the steep valleys of the River Irwell and its tributaries. These flow from the Pennines. They then go south into Greater Manchester. They cut through the open moorland. The area has a lot of these, even though a long time ago they were called "forests".

There are two Marilyns in the hills. These are Hail Storm Hill and Freeholds Top.

The geology of the area is layers of gritstone, coal and sand and gravel left behind by glaciers. These rocks were cut by rivers, the Irwell and its tributaries, to make steep valleys. These are 600 feet high. Woodland on the steep slopes includes remnants of ancient woodland but other areas are more recently planted.

The Rossendale Valley is recognised by the steep valley of the River Irwell and its tributaries. Textile mills and chimneys and gritstone houses are what most buildings are. Roads are mostly found in the narrow valley.

The valley was part of the medieval Forest of Rossendale. People living there in the Middle Ages would have been in "booths" or farmsteads and movement into the forest would have turned them into small hamlets.

Other websites
--------------

* Higher Mill Textile Museum Archived 2007-02-05 at the Wayback Machine
A UFO in New Jersey, USA
UFO landing strip in Cachi, Argentina
A **UFO** (**Unidentified Flying Object**) is any object flying in the sky which cannot be identified by the person who sees it. Sometimes the object is investigated. If people can still not figure out what the object is after an investigation, it is called a UFO. If they figure out what the object is, it can no longer be called a UFO because it has been identified.

UFO, Jakobsdal, Linköping, Sweden
Even though UFOs can be anything, people often use the word *UFO* when they are talking about alien spacecraft. **Flying saucer** is another word that is often used to describe an unidentified flying object.

Identified flying objects (IFOs)
--------------------------------

Studies estimate that 50-90% of all reported UFO sightings are identified later. Usually 10-20% are never identified. Studies also show that very few UFO sightings are hoaxes (people trying to trick other people). Most UFOs are actually natural or man-made objects that looked strange.

80-90% of IFOs are identified as one of three different things: 

1. astronomical causes (for example: planets, stars, or meteors)
2. aircraft
3. balloons (including weather balloons)

10-20% of IFOs are other causes (such as birds, clouds, mirages, searchlights, etc.)

Other websites
--------------

* Wikinews - UFO Archive
* CIA educational summary on UFO Archived 2007-05-09 at the Wayback Machine (working link or what? Maybe it should be used this link Archived 2019-10-01 at the Wayback Machine instead?)
* NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts
* BBC article on Mexican Air-force videotape
* NASA UFO Hacker Video Interview Archived 2007-11-13 at the Wayback Machine
* Popularmechanics Article - When UFOs Arrive: February 2004 Cover Story Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
**Paraíba** is one of the states of Brazil. It is in the northeastern part of the country, on the Atlantic coast. It is the easternmost point of the Americas. João Pessoa is the capital city.

Major Cities
------------

* João Pessoa, state capital
* Campina Grande
* Areia
* Guarabira
* Patos
* Sousa
* Arara
* Sao de Carnao

History
-------

In the mid-1500s, Portuguese settlers from Pernambuco founded Filipéia de Nossa Senhora das Neves (today João Pessoa) at the mouth of the Paraíba do Norte River.

The area was found to be perfect for making sugar. The French, the Dutch and the Portuguese all fought to have the Paraíba region to grow sugarcane in. The fortress of Santa Catarina, near João Pessoa, was built to protect the city from the Dutch.

In late 1989 a team looking for gemstone and led by Heitor Dimas Barbosa found what some people believe are the best tourmaline crystals ever found. Copper in the crystals gives the tourmalines a bright turquoise color that had never been seen before in the gems. The mountains have been searched after this, but no more crystals have been found.

Flag
----

The word *nego* is Portuguese for "I deny". It refers to protests in the 1920s in Paraíba against Júlio Prestes becoming the President of Brazil. State president João Pessoa supported these protests. João Pessoa joined the alliance to the overthrow of the federal government. This group caused Getúlio Vargas to become president. The rebellion lead to João Pessoa being killed.

The official government site of the state of Paraíba says that the red is for the blood of the assassination of João Pessoa. The black is for the mourning after the assassination.

Other websites
--------------

* Official website

  


|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| States of Brazil | Flag of Brazil |
| Acre | Alagoas | Amapá | Amazonas | Bahia | Ceará | Espírito Santo | Goiás | Maranhão | Mato Grosso | Mato Grosso do Sul | Minas Gerais | Pará | Paraíba | Paraná | Pernambuco | Piauí | Rio de Janeiro | Rio Grande do Norte | Rio Grande do Sul | Rondônia | Roraima | Santa Catarina | São Paulo | Sergipe | Tocantins |
| **Federal district**: Distrito Federal |
**Saeed Shehabi** is a Bahraini thinker, political activist, commentator and journalist. He is a regular columnist in the daily Arabic *Al-Quds* newspaper. He gives regular interviews to the BBC's *Middle East Service* and *AlJazeera*. He is also the Director of Abrar House, an Islamic community center in Central London that promotes interfaith work. He is also the leader of the pro-democractic Bahrain Freedom Movement, that is a banned Bahraini opposition group. He was also a founding member of Al-Wefaq National Party. He was previously the editor of *Alalam* magazine and now hosts a weekly television programme on Alalam TV. He has been living in exile in London since 1979 and returned to Bahrain on two occasions in 2002. He has a PhD in engineering from City University. Saeed Shehabi is married and has seven children.

On August 2010, Bahrain TV  declared that Saeed Shehabi is accused of being the second leading member of a terrorist network. He is currently being tried *in absentia* along with Hassan Mushaimi. The Bahraini government claimed that a red notice was issued by interpol for his arrest, however this has not been verified. In 1996 he was similarly sentenced to 15 years in prison *in absentia*.

In the summer of 2009, Saeed Shehabi's home was attacked by arsonists.
Coordinates: 24°31′3.598″N 93°48′49.453″E﻿ / ﻿24.51766611°N 93.81373694°E﻿ / 24.51766611; 93.81373694

The **Loktak Folklore Museum** (Meitei: Loktak Khunnung Pukei Lankei Shanglen) or the **Thanga Folklore Museum** (Meitei: Thanga Khunnung Pukei Lankei Shanglen) is a folk museum in Thanga Island in the Loktak lake of Manipur, India. It cares for and displays a collection of artistic, cultural and historical artefacts associated with the Loktak lake. The museum preserves the folk customs and beliefs, folk medicines, folk literature associated with the Loktak lake.

History
-------

In 2016, the Tongbram family led by Tongbram Amarjit took initiatives to establish the Loktak Folklore Museum (Meitei: Loktak Khunnung Pukei Lankei Shanglen) at Thanga Tongbram Leikai in Thanga, Bishnupur District of Manipur. 
The museum was inaugurated by Tongbram Mangibabu, the then Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) of Thanga Assembly Constituency in 2016. The inaugural event was presided by Dr. K. Sushila, Director of Art and Culture, Government of Manipur.

Collections and Features
------------------------

The collections of the Loktak Folklore Museum include the fishing kits used by the fishermen of early times, literatures on the Moirang Kangleirol scattered over the Thanga and adjacent regions. It also houses the paintings of the spiritual and the mortal beings as well as traditional handloom and handicraft weaving accessories.

Photography and videography are allowed inside the museum.

Exhibitions
-----------

In October 2019, the Bangla Manipuri Poetry Festival was organised for 3 days (October 3-October 5) at various locations in Manipur. On the second day of the festival, the event was conducted in the Loktak Folklore Museum. The event was organised by the Library and Information Center (LIC), Kakching and Sahitya Thoupang Lup (Sathoulup), Imphal.

In 2021, the **Kalen Art Exhibition** was held at the Loktak Folklore Museum. The aim and the purpose of the art exhibition is to promote the cultural heritage and the significance of the Loktak lake.

Tongbram Amarjit, the founder of the Loktak Folklore Museum, said:

> "Museum as we know, is the soul of human civilisation and we can't simply abandon the things of the past."
> 
> 

The Loktak Folklore Museum had planned to organize the *Kalen Art Exhibition* associated with the International Museum Day on May 18 of the year. However, due to the COVID pandemic, the planned event was postponed.

*Kalen* is the Meitei lunar month in which the Umang Lais are worshipped. It is during this time that the Lai Haraoba festival is celebrated across the state. In association with this, the Kalen Art Exhibition focussed to inspire the youths to explore the cultural heritage of the Loktak lake.

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Loktak Folklore Museum***.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide about: ***Loktak Folklore Museum***

* Loktak Folklore Museum www.museumsofindia.org Archived 2022-02-21 at the Wayback Machine
* Loktak Folklore Museum\_e-pao.net
The **Nordic Football Championship** (Danish: Nordisk Mesterskab, Norwegian: Nordisk Mesterskap, Swedish: Nordiska Mästerskapet, or **NM**) was an international football tournament played with the men's national football teams of the Nordic countries. In the first tournament, only Denmark, Norway and Sweden played, but Finland joined the second tournament. On the last tournament, Iceland and the Faroe Islands joined as well.

History
-------

The tournament was created because Denmark, Norway and Sweden made a contract that says they should play two annual matches against each other. The first tournament was played four years later when the Danish Football Association celebrated its 35th anniversary. It was decided that the teams were to play five times against each other in a group. The Danish Football Association made the trophy, and Denmark national football team won the first tournament.

The second tournament was created by the Swedish Football Association to celebrate its 25th anniversary. This time, Finland was invited. It was also decided that each tournament would be 4 years long, with each team playing 12 times. The tournament was won by Norway, but the next 9 tournaments were won by Sweden. The fourth tournament was 11 years long because of World War II.

The tournament was popular because it was seen as a preparation for the upcoming major tournaments. In the 1970's, the tournament became less popular and the tournament ended in 1983.

A new edition of the tournament happened in 2000–01, and this time Iceland and the Faroe Islands joined. Some matches were played in Spain, but most were played at the teams home stadium. The last match of the 2000–01 tournament was never played.

Results
-------

* Sweden Sweden : **9** (1933–36, 1937–47, 1948–51, 1952–55, 1956–59, 1960–63, 1964–67, 1968–71, 1972–77)
* Denmark Denmark : **3** (1924–28, 1978–80, 1981–85)
* Finland Finland : **1** (2000–01)
* Norway Norway : **1** (1929–32)

| Year | Winner | Runner-up | 3rd Place | 4th Place |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1924–28*Details* | Denmark | Sweden | Norway | Only three teams |
| 1929–32*Details* | Norway | Sweden | Denmark | Finland |
| 1933–36*Details* | Sweden | Denmark | Norway | Finland |
| 1937–47*Details* | Sweden | Denmark | Norway | Finland |
| 1948–51*Details* | Sweden | Denmark | Norway | Finland |
| 1952–55*Details* | Sweden | Norway | Denmark | Finland |
| 1956–59*Details* | Sweden | Norway | Denmark | Finland |
| 1960–63*Details* | Sweden | Denmark | Norway | Finland |
| 1964–67*Details* | Sweden | Denmark | Finland | Norway |
| 1968–71*Details* | Sweden | Denmark | Norway | Finland |
| 1972–77*Details* | Sweden | Denmark | Norway | Finland |
| 1978–80*Details* | Denmark | Sweden | Norway | Finland |
| 1981–85*Details* | Denmark | Sweden | Norway | Finland |
| 2000–01*Details* | Finland | Iceland | Denmark | Norway |

Other websites
--------------

* Nordic Championship (RSSSF)
**Loma de Cabrera** is a Dominican city and municipality of the Dajabón province, on the northwestern part of the country, near the border with Haiti.

It was a small town in the Monte Cristi province that became a municipality when the Dajabón province was created in 1938.

Name
----

Its Spanish name, Loma de Cabrera, means in English *Hill of Cabrera* or *Cabrera's Hill*. The city and most of the municipality is among hills and its old name was Loma de David (David's Hill) but it was named after José Cabrera, one of the leaders of the Restoration War against Spain and who fought in this region.

Location
--------

The municipality is surrounded by municipalities of the Dajabón province: Dajabón to the north, Rstauración to the south, and El Pino and Partido to the east. To the west, Loma de Cabrera borders with Haiti.

Population
----------

The city had, in 2014, a total population of 10,893: 5,647 men and 5,246 women. The urban population was 67.4% of the total population.

Geography
---------

Loma de Cabrera has a total area of 140.0 square kilometres (54.1 square miles), about 13.7% of the total area of the province of Dajabón. The city is an elevation of 206 metres (676 feet), and at 20 kilometres (12 miles) to the south of the city of Dajabón, the capital of the province.

Most of the municipality is among mountains because it is in the northern side of the Cordillera Central ("Central mountain chain"). The highest mountains are to the south of the city; to the north, there are only low hills with small valleys.

To the north of the city there is a hill with pines that can be seen from the city because it is alone; it is the *Cerro Chacuey* (in English, Chacuey Hill).

The most important river of the municipality (and of the province) is the Dajabón River, also called Masacre River; it flows across the municipality from south to north. There are other rivers but they are very small and tributaries of the Dajabón.

Administrative division
-----------------------

The municipality of Loma de Cabrera has two municipal districts: Capotillo, to the west of the city and close to Haiti, and Santiago de la Cruz in the northern part of the municipality.


Municipal districts of Loma de Cabrera| Code | Municipal district | Population(2010) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 050202 | Capotillo | 2,112 |
| 050203 | Santiago de la Cruz | 2,619 |

Economy
-------

The main economic activity of the province is farming; the main products are coffee, beans and manioc.

Cattle raising for milk is also an important activity in the municipality.
**Zolitude** is a neighbourhood located in the West of Riga. It is near the river Daugava. It is between the highway (Ulmana gatve) and the train station.

There are two stations in Zolitude: "Imanta" un "Zolitude". 

The neighbourhood is near Riga International Airport. 

They began to build the district in 1984. It was finished in 1991. 

Most people in Zolitude speak Russian.

Zolitude**Zolitude**

History
-------

The neighbourhood's name comes from the old mansion with the same name. Zolitude comes from the French word "Solitude". It means loneliness and calmness. 

The term also points to the silence and peace outside the old town of Riga. Anna Ulrika von Fitinghoff gave it this name.

It was a tragedy in 2013 in Zolitude. The roof of a Maxima shopping centre collapsed. Fifty-four people died.

Night in Zolitude**Night in Zolitude**

Geography
---------

Zolitude has a flat relief without high points, 8-9 meters above sea level. The minimum height of the relief of Zolitude is 8 meters above sea level. The maximum height is 11 meters above sea level.

Evening in Zolitude**Evening in Zolitude**
***Tiktaalik*** is a genus of extinct fish. This sarcopterygian (lobe-finned) fish from the later Devonian has many features similar to those of tetrapods (four-legged animals).

*Tiktaalik* lived about 375 million years ago. It is part of the transition between fish such as *Panderichthys*, known from fossils 380 million years old, and early tetrapods such as *Acanthostega* and *Ichthyostega*, known from fossils about 365 million years old. Its mixture of basal fish and derived tetrapod characteristics led one of its discoverers, Neil Shubin, to call *Tiktaalik* a 'fishapod'.

This, and other species like it, prove that legs started to develop before these animals were land-based. They were shallow-water carnivorous fish, or fishapods. *Tiktaalik* was therefore a transitional fossil, and an example of mosaic evolution.

Neil Shubin, co-discoverer of *Tiktaalik*, holding a cast of its skull
In the late Devonian, descendants of pelagic lobe-finned fish – like *Eusthenopteron* – showed a sequence of adaptations:* *Panderichthys*, suited to muddy shallows;
* *Tiktaalik* with limb-like fins that could take it onto land;
* Early tetrapods in weed-filled swamps, such as:
	+ *Acanthostega* which had feet with eight digits,
	+ *Ichthyostega* with limbs.

Descendants also included pelagic lobe-finned coelacanth species.
Discovery site of *Tiktaalik* fossils, Ellesmere Island

Related pages
-------------

* Tetrapod
Mary Tudor and Charles Brandon
**Mary Tudor** (28 March 1496 – 25 June 1533) was the youngest daughter of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York. She was princess of England, and was Queen of France for three months. After being Queen of France, she married someone else, and became Duchess of Suffolk until her death.

Biography
---------

Mary Tudor was born on 18 March 1496 in Richmond Palace. Her older brothers were Arthur, Prince of Wales, and Prince Henry, and her older sister was Princess Margaret. Henry and Mary were close as children. Later in life, when Henry became King Henry VIII of England, he even named his ship, the Mary Rose, after her. His first daughter, Mary (later known as Queen Mary I of England), was probably also named after her.

Mary's father was anxious for all his children to make good marriages, and many of the other kings and queens of Europe wanted Mary as a wife for one of their sons. She was first betrothed to Charles of Castile, later the Holy Roman Emperor. This betrothal was broken later, and she did not get married until after her brother Henry became king. When Mary was 18 she married King Louis XII of France, who was 52 years old. She was married in Abbeville, France, on 9 October 1514. Mary did not want to marry King Louis, but agreed when her brother said that she could marry anyone she wanted after Louis died. Louis died on 1 January 1515, and Mary soon married Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. 
Mary did not have any children while married to Louis, but she did when she was married to Charles. Her children's names were Henry, Frances and Eleanor. Frances went on to be the mother of Lady Jane Grey, who was the Queen of England for only nine days.

After suffering failing health for some years, Mary Tudor died on 25 June, 1533 at the age of thirty eight at Westhorpe Hall, Westhorpe, Suffolk, possibly of cancer. Her husband then married Catherine Willoughby.
A **site** is a real fixed physical location where something will or has happened or a place where something is.

Uses
----

### Uses in buildings

It is used very often in building trades to mean the place where a building will go up. 

### Uses in gravesites

A gravesite is a place where a person will be buried after they die. 

### Uses in work

The words **onsite** and **offsite** refer to work that must take place on the site, or which can take place somewhere else. For instance, a prefabricated building can be "built offsite" and then "moved onsite".

### Use on the internet

*Site* is also a common abbreviation in net jargon for "website". In this case no real physical location exists other than the place where the computers are, and one "goes to the site" simply by using a web browser to "go to" that URL. This is a conceptual metaphor. It can be confusing. Someone who uses it is also likely using other jargon.


|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Disambiguation icon |  This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title **Site**.  If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. |
**V(D)J** is the basis of the vertebrate immune system. It makes antibodies.

All vertebrates have an adaptive immune system. This protects them against many infections and diseases caused by viruses and bacteria. V(D)J is the basic mechanism. The work is done by developing lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). They make the immune system adaptive. What this means is that the body is able to defend against many infections it has never met before, and the defence gets better against repeat attacks from the same agent.

The details are very complex. The system makes sequences of amino acids which bind on to the corresponding sequences of infective agents. The system also recognises "altered self cells" as seen in cancer.
Of course all systems have limits, so when the system fails to recognise a pathogen or cancer, we suffer the consequences.

In 1987 Susumu Tonegawa was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity".

The V(D)J refers to the way variable, joining and sometimes diversity regions are produced in the white blood cells. The cells are made in the bone marrow and thymus of vertebrates.
The **Togo mouse** (or Büttner's African forest mouse or the Groove-toothed forest mouse, *Leimacomys buettneri*) is a unique muroid rodent. It is known from only two specimens, which were taken near the locality of Bismarckburg, near Yege, Togo in 1890.

Description and natural history
-------------------------------

The entirety of known material for this species consists of a single poor quality dry skin, a fluid preserved animal, and a cranium and mandible. The cranium and mandible are from different animals. The material is deposited in the Zoologisches Museum of Humboldt University in Berlin, Germany.

The head and body length is 118 mm with a tail of 37 mm. This tail is unusually short relative to the body length (ratio of 37%) and is considered an important diagnostic feature. The animal is dark to grey brown above and pale grey brown below. Ears are small and hairy. Feet are also somewhat hairy. The tail may be naked or slightly haired. 

Incisors are shallowly grooved. The snout is long and wide, interorbital width broad, and zygomatic plate large (Musser and Carleton, 2005). 

Based upon skull morphology, the Togo Mouse is presumed to be insectivorous (Dieterlen, 1976). Very little is known about the habits of this unusual mouse.

Classification
--------------

*Leimacomys* has been transferred back and forth between the Dendromurinae and the Murinae since its discovery. It most closely resembles *Lophuromys* which has been transferred to a newly erected Deomyinae on the basis of molecular data. The association with *Lophuromys* is thought to be due to convergent evolution due to a similar diet (Dieterlen, 1976). Tooth characters resemble dendromurines, *Mystromys* or basal gerbils. Denys et al. (1995) generated a phylogeny that suggested with limited support that *Leimacomys* is a sister taxon to the Gerbillinae.

Musser and Carleton (2005) chose to erect a new subfamily, **Leimacomyinae**, to house this species. They placed it in the family Muridae due to its potential connection to either the Gerbillinae or Deomyinae, but emphasized that a broad phylogenetic study including *Leimacomys*, and a host of nesomyids and murids is needed to determine its appropriate position.

Conservation status
-------------------

The Togo Mouse is considered to be either critically endangered or extinct depending on the authority. Schlitter (1989) classified it as extinct, because subsequent surveys to the area failed to recover it. Grubb et al. (1998) noted that these surveys inadequately sampled appropriate habitat in Togo and neighboring Ghana, and they were reluctant to declare the species extinct. Musser and Carleton (2005) emphasized that insectivorous muroids as a group have proven difficult to capture, and that intense surveys of high elevation forest in this region are required to determine if it still persists.

The IUCN currently describes the Togo Mouse as "data deficient".