recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
The **Elongated Man** (real name **Randolph William "Ralph" Dibny**) is a fictional character and comic book superhero in the DC Comics universe. He is a superhero with the ability to stretch his body great lengths, and one of the world's greatest detectives. Despite his prominence in the superhero community. He is a member of three incarnations of the Justice League, and was close to his wife, whom joined him on multiple mysteries alongside being a honorary member of the League.

The character has won and been nominated for several awards over the years, including winning the 1961 Alley Award for Best Supporting Character.

He was created by the late John Broome, and the late Carmine Infantino, and his first appearance was in *The Flash vol. 1, #112* (May 12, 1960).

Portrayals
----------

The character made his live-action debut on The CW's live-action Arrowverse television series *The Flash*, portrayed by Hartley Sawyer. In June 2020, following controversy surrounding resurfaced social media posts involving racist and misogynistic references, Sawyer was fired from the series.
**2 Girls 1 Cup** is the unofficial nickname of the trailer for ***Hungry Bitches***, a 2007 Brazilian scat fetish pornographic film produced by MFX Media. The video features two women defecating into a cup, taking turns eating their feces, and vomiting it into each other's mouths. "Lovers Theme"  from Hervé Roy's Romantic Themes  album released by Tele Music in 1992  plays throughout the trailer.

This one-minute viral video became a well-known Internet meme among bloggers and message boards due to its viewers reaction to its content. Around mid-October of 2007, video sites such as YouTube were flooded with videos showing others reactions to squirting in the video for the first time.

Origin
------

The video came from a Brazilian, Marco Fiorito, who talks of himself as a "compulsive fetishist". Fiorito first produced foot fetish videos but soon moved on to coprophagia. The movie was made by MFX-Video, one of several businesses owned by Fiorito. Fiorito says his movies are legal in Brazil, but authorities in the United States have branded some of his movies as dirty and filed charges against Danilo Croce, a Brazilian lawyer living in Florida, listed as an officer of a company shipping Fiorito's movies in the United States. Croce accepted a plea bargain and was sentenced to 3 years of unsupervised probation and forfeiture of $98,000. Fiorito said he did not know his movies were illegal in the United States and that his movies often contained chocolate instead of feces to appease some of his actors who were willing to appear in scat movies but not actually eat fecal matter.

The first few seconds of the 2 Girls 1 Cup video contain the text "MFX 1209" (the product code for *Hungry Bitches*) and the URL mfxvideos.com. The website is Fiorito's MFX-Video. This causes some in the media to incorrectly believe the video is one of the many Croce had to surrender to the Department of Justice but was somehow leaked in the process.

Reactions
---------

2 Girls 1 Cup's spread because of the reactions it causes. Hundreds of videos exist on YouTube of users showing the original video to their friends and recording their reactions. Even Joe Rogan, host of *Fear Factor*, a show known for the nasty things its players eat, had to turn away in a reaction video posted to his blog. A reaction video starring Kermit the Frog proved very popular on the Digg. In January 2008, *Slate* magazine wrote about the reaction video with a slideshow about the reactions.

In a episode of *Family Guy*, Brian makes Stewie react to 2 Girls 1 Cup and he gets grossed out about it as mentioned as a cutaway.

Violet Blue, an author, stated this website as becoming "the new 'tubgirl' and goatse all in one nasty moment of choco-poo-love" in a *San Francisco Chronicle* article.
**Artie Shaw** (May 23, 1910 – December 30, 2004) was an American musician. He is considered to be one of the best jazz musicians of his time. He was a jazz clarinet player, composer, and bandleader. He also wrote both fiction and non-fiction writings.

Early life
----------

He was born **Arthur Jacob Arshawsky** in New York, New York. He began learning the saxophone when he was 15. By age 16 he began to tour with a band. He returned to New York City and became a session musician. During the Swing Era, his big bands were very popular with hits like "Begin the Beguine" and "Stardust".

During the War
--------------

During World War II he joined the U.S. Navy. He served in the Pacific theater as the leader of a service band (similar to Glenn Miller's wartime band in Europe).

Political problems
------------------

In 1953, Shaw was brought up before the House Un-American Activities Committee for his leftist activities. The committee was investigating a peace activist organization, the World Peace Congress, which it considered a communist front.

Writing career
--------------

Throughout his musical career, Shaw would take time off. He would quit the music business and pursue his writing career. In 1955, Shaw stopped playing the clarinet. After that, he focused on writing, especially semi-biographical fiction.

Legacy
------

In 1981, he organized a new **Artie Shaw Band** with clarinetist Dick Johnson as bandleader and soloist. Shaw himself would guest conduct from time to time, ending his self-imposed retirement.

In 1991, Artie Shaw's band library and manuscript collection was donated to the University of Arizona. In 2004, he was presented with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

Personal life and death
-----------------------

Shaw was married eight times: Jane Cairns (1932); Margaret Allen (1934-37); Lana Turner (1940); Betty Kern (1941-43), daughter of songwriter Jerome Kern; Ava Gardner (1945-46); *Forever Amber* author Kathleen Winsor (1946-48); Doris Dowling (1952-56) and Evelyn Keyes (1957-85). He had two sons by Kern and Dowling.

In his later years, Shaw lived and wrote in the Newbury Park section of Thousand Oaks, California. Shaw had adult onset diabetes. In December 2004, he died due to the disease at age 94.
The **ruins of Gedi** (also known as Gede) are a historical and archaeological site near the Indian Ocean coast in Kenya.

Overview
--------

The site of Gedi includes a walled town and its outlying area. The earliest evidence for occupation at Gedi is a grave dating to between 1041 to 1278. Gedi was abandoned in the middle of the seventeenth century.

The Gedi ruins were first discovered by colonialists in 1884 after a British resident of Zanzibar, Sir John Kirk, visited the site. However, Gedi remained unknown to most of British East Africa's colonists until the 1920s.

Gallery
-------

* Ruins of a mosque in GediRuins of a mosque in Gedi
* Ruins of GediRuins of Gedi
* Ruins of GediRuins of Gedi
* Ruins of GediRuins of Gedi

3D Model
--------

Most of the Gedi Ruins were spatially documented in 2010. A 3D model can be viewed here.

Administration
--------------

Gedi was made a historic monument in 1927. The site was declared a protected monument in 1929. Gedi and the surrounding forest was declared a national park in 1948. The site is currently administered by the museum's Department of Coastal Archaeology of Kenya.

In popular culture
------------------

The final scene of the 1992 film "Nel continente nero" ("On the Black Continent") directed by Marco Rizi takes place and was filmed among the ruins of Gedi.

The ruins of Gedi are described and repeatedly mentioned in Andrei Gusev's 2020 novel "Our Wild Sex in Malindi".
**Quadronno** or **Quartiere Quadronno** is one of the luxury residential districts of the upper class that make up Milano, in the historical center of the city. Quadronno is considered the oldest "contrada" in the whole city of Milan and one the most richest and expensive residential neighborhood of Italy.
The "Quartiere Quadronno" is a luxury vintage district enclosed in a area between the square of Crocetta and Corso di Porta Vigentina up to the Gardens of Via della Guastalla, Viale Beatrice d'Este-Viale Filippetti (corner Via Cassolo) and Corso Italia to Piazza Missori. The Quadronno in Milan is full of luxurious condominiums by historical '50 archistars designers that make this area special, where you can find almost anything you want in an exclusive and exciting area.

50s Icon design palaces
-----------------------

* Bosco Verticale (Via Crivelli)
* Palace Galmanini Portaluppi
* The Abstract House (Milan)
* Palace Perogalli
* Palace Malchiodi
* Palace Tre Torri
* Palace Maffezzoli (Milano)
* Via Quadronno (Milano)

Transport
---------

* M3 Crocetta (500 meters from Viale Beatrice d'Este)
* M4 S. Sofia (500 meters from Viale Beatrice d'Este) it connect in 10 minutes with the Milan Linate airport

Related pages
-------------


Wikivoyage has a travel guide about: ***Quadronno District***

* The market (Filippini)
* Corso Italia
* Corso di Porta Romana

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Quadronno District***.

* Quadronno Bag, Bottega Veneta Archived 2023-05-09 at the Wayback Machine
* Milano | Quadronno – Crivelli 15 e Quadronno 24: il Bosco Verticale "ante litteram
* La CASA di via Quadronno, il primo BOSCO verticale di Milano
* Il Bosco verticale ante litteram di Barbara Chiarini[*permanent dead link*]
**South Holland** is a province in the west of the Netherlands. It is called *Zuid-Holland* in Dutch. It is surrounded by the North Sea and the provinces North Holland, Utrecht, Gelderland, North Brabant, and Zeeland. About 3,726,000 people are living in South Holland (2021).

Cities
------

The biggest cities are Rotterdam and The Hague. The Hague is the capital of the province. The Hague is also the administrative capital of the Netherlands. That means that the parliament is there.

Rotterdam has the largest port of Europe. Leiden, Gouda, and Delft have town centers with many old buildings. Zoetermeer is a quite new city. Most of it was built in the 1970s. Another important city is Dordrecht.

Landscapes
----------

In South Holland there are some typical Dutch landscapes. Near Leiden there is a region that is known as the *Bollenstreek* ("bulb district"). In springtime many large fields with flowers can be found here. These fields are called *bulb fields*. Near Rotterdam there is a small village called Kinderdijk with 19 windmills near each other.

The area south of The Hague is called Westland. Here are many greenhouses.

Islands
-------

The south of the province has many islands. The largest of them are Voorne-Putten, Goeree-Overflakkee, IJsselmonde, the Hoeksche Waard and the island of Dordrecht. These big islands are connected by bridges and/or tunnels.

Water resources
---------------

The most important rivers and other bodies of waters are Nieuwe Maas, Nieuwe Waterweg, Oude Maas, Haringvliet, and Hollands Diep.

Other websites
--------------

* Plaatsengids.nl

Bulb fields in Lisse

| * v
* t
* e
Municipalities of South Holland (50) |
| --- |
| 
* Alblasserdam
* Albrandswaard
* Alphen aan den Rijn
* Barendrecht
* Bodegraven-Reeuwijk
* Capelle aan den IJssel
* Delft
* Dordrecht
* Goeree-Overflakkee
* Gorinchem
* Gouda
* Hardinxveld-Giessendam
* Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht
* Hillegom
* Hoeksche Waard
* Kaag en Braassem
* Katwijk
* Krimpen aan den IJssel
* Krimpenerwaard
* Lansingerland
* Leiden
* Leiderdorp
* Leidschendam-Voorburg
* Lisse
* Maassluis
* Midden-Delfland
* Molenlanden
* Nieuwkoop
* Nissewaard
* Noordwijk
* Oegstgeest
* Papendrecht
* Pijnacker-Nootdorp
* Ridderkerk
* Rijswijk
* Rotterdam
* Schiedam
* Sliedrecht
* Teylingen
* The Hague
* Vlaardingen
* Voorne aan Zee
* Voorschoten
* Waddinxveen
* Wassenaar
* Westland
* Zoetermeer
* Zoeterwoude
* Zuidplas
* Zwijndrecht

 |  |
| 
* Netherlands
* Provinces
* Municipalities

 |

| * v
* t
* e
Provinces of the Netherlands |
| --- |
| 
* Coats of arms
* Flags
* Legislatures

 |
| 
* Drenthe
* Flevoland
* Friesland
* Gelderland
* Groningen
* Limburg
* North Brabant
* North Holland
* Overijssel
* South Holland
* Utrecht
* Zeeland

 | Map: Provinces of the NetherlandsMap: Provinces of the Netherlands |

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* VIAF
* WorldCat Identities

 |
| National | 
* France
* BnF data
* Germany
* Israel
* United States

 |
| Geographic | 
* MusicBrainz area

 |
Cosplay of Spider-Woman.
**Spider-Woman** (real name **Jessica Miriam "Jess" Drew**) is a fictional character and superheroine in Marvel Comics. She is the first **Spider-Woman** in the Marvel Universe, an ally of Spider-Man and his numerous spider allies, and member of the Avengers, Lady Liberators, and Daughters of Liberty.

She is the daughter of Jonathan and Meriem, and was injected with a serum made of the blood of several uncommon species of spiders after being effected by Uranium. After her age accelerated, she was taken under HYDRA until she refused to assassinate Nick Fury, and later left and became the superheroine Spider-Woman. Jessica went onto become an ally of Spider-Man, another superhero who was bitten by a radioactive spider and gave him powers similar to hers. She later became a member of the Avengers, Lady Liberators, Spider-Army, an agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. and S.W.O.R.D.

Jessica Drew was created by Archie Goodwin and the late Marie Severin, and first appeared in *Marvel Spotlight #32* in February of 1977.

Adaptations
-----------

Jessica Drew has been described as one of Marvel's most notable and powerful female heroes. She made her cinematic debut in *Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse* (2023) as **Jess Drew**, voiced by Issa Rae, who will reprise her role in *Spider-Man: Beyond the Spider-Verse*.
**Ahmed Al-Mallawany** (B. 1980) is an Egyptian writer. He was born in the city of Alexandria.

He began his writing career in 2007 by publishing his writing on websites and in magazines and newspapers. He was awarded the "Nabil Farouk" prize for science fiction literature in 2009. He published his first novel, *Zeus Must Die* in 2010. In 2011, he won the Egyptian Cultural Palaces Authority award for his short stories collection , *A Rusty Sword and an Explosive Belt*. This collection was published in a book in 2013 by Dar Sama Al-Kuwaiti. The award is considered one of the most important and oldest literary awards granted to young people in Egypt[*source?*] In 2014, he published his second novel, *The Inauguration of the Resurrection*. He won the Egyptian Palaces of Culture Award for the second time for an unpublished novel named *Shadow of Satan*. In 2015, he published a collection of horror stories named *The Spiritual* for the Books Juice Publishing House. The collection achieved great success, and exceeded the number of its eight editions in less than a year. His novel Fabrica won first prize in Sawiris Cultural Award in 2018 for established writers.
The **noisy miner** (*Manorina melanocephala*) is a small grey bird with a black head and yellow eyes. This bird is common in the gardens of eastern Australian homes, but is not seen in Western Australia or the Northern Territory. The genus puts it in a large group of honey-eating birds. The species is a Latin word meaning "black-headed."

The noisy miner is a native of Australia, and one of the few native birds that is thriving in cities and suburbs. In some parts of Australia the number of noisy miners has grown to the point that it is driving out smaller birds like the wrens. It prefers gardens with open spaces and lawns. 

A grey bird with a distinctive yellow patch behind the eye, yellow-orange bill and feet and a yellow-olive patch on the wing
It usually eats the nectar from garden flowers, mostly on grevilleas, however it also walks around on grass picking up and eating small insects. 

It is highly aggressive when other birds enter its area of garden or bush, and it flocks together with other nearby noisy miners to make small defensive groups called 'coteries' of four or five which cooperate to drive off kookaburras or magpies. Sometimes they join together into even larger 'colonies' with up to a hundred or so birds.

The female will lay between two and four eggs in her nest, and food will be bought to the mother and her chicks by quite a few males in the coterie. Bringing up the chicks is often done by the whole group. They breed at any time in the year so there are often young noisy miners in the group. The younger birds usually have feathers and face colouring very similar to the adult birds, so it is often difficult to tell the difference.

They are sometimes called **native** miners, **native mynas** or **native mynahs** (actually an Indian spelling), and, in older bird books they might have up to twelve different names. At one time they were thought to be mainly bee-eaters, but they eat the nectar of Australian native flowers. They are also known to eat fruit and insects, and at times small reptiles and amphibians. While the name is often spelled myna, or mynah, they are not related to the introduced brown/black-feathered "Indian" or "Common mynah" which is usually slightly larger and often found in the same area.

Miner calls
-----------



Noisy miner bird call

Bird call of the noisy miner

---

*Problems playing this file? See media help.*

As the common name suggests, the noisy miner is a noisy species. It has a large variety of songs, calls, scoldings and alarms, most of which are harsh single notes. It has a special alarm call which is only used when the threat comes from a large bird flying overhead, and a different alarm call when intruders like humans and dogs enter their territory. A study of the bird found that those who lived in a noisy urban area were able to make their alarm call louder so it could be heard.

Other websites
--------------

* Media related to Noisy miner at Wikimedia Commons
* Data related to Noisy miner at Wikispecies
AS (Val), right view with folded buttstock
The **AS** also referred to as **"Val"** is a special assault rifle designed (created) by the Soviets. It has a built-in suppresor. The development began in the first half of the late 1980s in the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering, in the city of Klimovsk part of the Moscow region. The lead designer of the rifle is Pyotr Serdyukov.

TsNIITochMash (Central Institute for Precision Machine Building) developed it in 1987. Since 1987, the Soviet Army and the KGB used it in their arsenal. Russian Spetsnaz special forces and some divisions of the Russian Army also use it.

The AS is expensive and there are not many available. It is not used often according to many Russian Spetsnaz operators. It is used during special operations by either sabotage or reconnaissance units deployed behind enemy lines. 

The AS and VSS are very effective. Some Russian army and special forces units, and Moscow’s intelligence and security forces still use it. Forces used the rifles during the last years of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. They were also important in the Chechen wars and the conflict in Georgia.

Most recently, Russia used the weapon during military operations in Crimea and Syria.

Design
------

The AS has an effective range of about 300 m. It uses heavy subsonic 9×39mm SP-6 (high-performance armor-piercing) ammunition (which weigh down the bullet). It also uses the SP-5 ball cartridge used by the VSS Vintorez suppressed sniper rifle. It can also use the same 10- or 20-round magazines of the VSS and the 30-round magazine of the SR-3M. Controls are similar to all AK-type rifles. It has a charging handle on the right side, a tangent rear sight, a magazine release button behind the magazine well, and a safety lever above the trigger guard. The fire selector is located within the trigger guard, behind the trigger.

The rifle has two modes of fire: semi-automatic and fully automatic fire. It has a cyclic rate of fire of 900 rounds per minute (RPM). According to its users, the AS is reliable, accurate, and well liked.[*source?*]

The rifle has an AK-type side mount for various optical sights. For example, it has the 4x PSO-1 scope and night sights such as the 1PN51 calibrated for use with the 9×39mm cartridge. The standard open sights are graduated up to 400 m in 25 m increments.

The AS shares 70% of its components with its sister-gun, the VSS Vintorez. The differences are a skeletonized steel stock which folds to the left for storage and transportation (the gun can operate with stock folded, but it cannot have a scope while the stock is folded).

The reliability of the rifle is said to be equivalent to the AKM. This includes functioning in difficult conditions such as dust, dirt, sand, rain, and at a temperature range from -50 °C to +50 °C.
Sonny Liston in 1968
**Charles L. "Sonny" Liston** (May 8, 1932 – December 30, 1970) was an American boxer. He held the world heavyweight championship from 1962 to 1964. He was a boxer who was disliked by much of the public because of his criminal history and rumored association with organized crime characters. Liston served prison sentences for armed robbery and assaulting a police officer. However, he was a skilled boxer and gained a shot at the heavyweight title held by Floyd Patterson. He knocked Patterson out in the first round to gain the title in 1962. He defeated Patterson by another first-round knockout in their rematch in 1963.

He lost the championship to Muhammad Ali (then known as Cassius Clay) when he quit in his corner before the start of the seventh round in their 1964 fight. He was then knocked out in the first round during their second fight, which happened in 1965.

Liston continued to box, but died from a drug overdose in 1970 in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Other websites
--------------

* Boxing record[*permanent dead link*]

|
|  |
| Preceded byFloyd Patterson |  **Heavyweight boxing champion**1962 – 1964 | Succeeded byCassius Clay (Muhammad Ali) |
Kikkli dancing
**Kikkli** (Punjabi: ਕਿੱਕਲੀ, pronounced: kick-lee), also spelled as **Kikli**, is one of the folk dances of Punjabi females performed by two girls holding hands and twirling each other in circle and balancing their positions in circular motions. It is generally popular in young girls and performed in pairs. A variety of songs are used with clapping.

Dancing style
-------------

Photograph of Punjabi women performing 'Kikli', a traditional Punjabi folk dance
It is more of a sport than a dance for young girls. Two girls stands face to face close to each other and hold their hands crossing arms with their bodies inclined back; in this position their arms are stretched to the maximum and hands interlock firmly. Then they wheel round fast continuously with their *dupatta*s floating in the air and anklets making tinkling sound. The other ladies encourages them to go faster and faster by singing songs with clapping. Sometimes it is done by four girls. The folk song related to the dance has much variety.
Map of The Hoysala Empire
**The Hoysala Empire** (Kannada: ಹೊಯ್ಸಳ) was an Indian empire. It controlled part of southern India from 1000 to 1346 A.D. Belur, Karnataka was the empire's capital. The Hoysala Empire is remembered today mostly because of its architecture. The hundreds of temples found across Karnataka are good examples of temples that were in the cities of Belur, Halebid and Somnathpura. The Hoysala kings were affected by Jainism and Hinduism. King Vishnuvardhana and the kings after him believed in Vaishnavism.

In the beginning, the Hoysalas were a small part of the Chalukyas of Kalyani. However, they began to grow until they made their own empire in Karnataka. The Hoysala period is known as one of the best times in the history of Karnataka, next only to the Vijayanagara Empire. Some famous Hoysala kings were Vishnuvardhana, Veera Ballala II and Veera Ballala III. Kannada was the main language of the Hoysala kings. The Hoysalas helped to increase Kannada and Sanskrit writing.

Kings
-----

* Nripa Kama (1000 - 1045)
* Vinayaditya (1045 - 1098)
* Ereyanga (1098 - 1100)
* Veera Ballala I (1100 -1108)
* Vishnuvardhana (1108 - 1152)
* Narasimha I (1152 – 1173)
* Veera Ballala II (1173 – 1220)
* Narasimha II (1220 – 1235)
* Vira Someshwara (1235 – 1253)
* Narasimha III (1253 – 1292)
* Ramanatha (1253 – 1295)
* Veera Ballala III (1292 – 1342)

Other websites
--------------

* www.hoysala.in  Archived 2020-10-28 at the Wayback Machine
* More on Hoysala art and architecture by Dr. Jyothsna Kamat
* History of Karnataka Archived 2006-11-04 at the Wayback Machine by Mr Arthikaje
* South Indian Inscriptions Archeological Survey of India (vols 9, 15,17,18)
* Hoysala Tourism Archived 2018-03-08 at the Wayback Machine
A woman using her knee to hit a man in the testicles
***Tamakeri*** (玉蹴り) (literally ***ball kicking***) or ballbusting is one of many more specific sexual fetishes in the BDSM community. Somebody with this fetish enjoys either hitting a man in the testicles, or being hit in the testicles. This is also referred to as ballbusting ("bb" for short). Tamakeri is the Japanese term, but it is used by many non-Japanese people to describe media where Asian women hit men in the testicles. In tamakeri, there are two types of people: the sadist and the masochist. The sadist hits the man in the testicles, and the masochist is hit in the testicles. The fetish is popular among straight and gay men and women. Since the Internet was created, the amount of people watching tamakeri pornography has gone up, with at least 1,269,105 people looking at popular websites. In hentai communities, it can be called "tamakeri", or "crotch\_kick".

History
-------

### First wave (1990s–2001)

The first tamakeri/ballbusting websites to show up on the internet were Velvet Kick, Tamahimeden, Spikey Step, Stardeck9, and Femaledom. Most of their videos had bad quality, didn't make money, had no stories, and had regular people with masks performing.

### Second wave (2002–2005)

After the first websites came ones like British Bitches, Vuneraballs, M-Club-Q, Kinkeri.co.jp, USBBonline, Goddess-Kicks, Ballbusting Universe, and Ballbustingworld. These sites had better quality, more money, more content, stories, and known actors that didn't wear masks. Even though the majority of videos had known porn actors, many still decided to wear masks.

### Third and current wave (2006–present)

The current tamakeri websites have videos made by normal people, paid actors, and videos taken at events. Because these new websites are larger, more people can post their own videos. Also, chatrooms and forums allow people to discuss the fetish with others. Some examples of this latest tamakeri wave include ClubDom, Ballbustingtube, Ballbustingchicks, clips4sale, kickedinthegroin.ning.com, Scaffies.nl, Tamakeri.nl and ProtectUrNuts.com.

Cause
-----

People enjoy tamakeri because they either feel good feeling pain or making others feel it. The feeling is like a "runner's high", where feel-good hormones called endorphins are sent out by the body. These endorphins make the people involved feel sexually aroused. But some people say that threats and more painful kicks or knees to the testicles by the female (in straight people) makes people more aroused. Belonging to a dominant boyfriend or girlfriend can also be a "turn-on". Like a lot of BDSM activities, it can be risky, and those involved can get hurt.

Related pages
-------------

* Cock and ball torture
* BDSM
**Joanna Angel**, born as *Joanna Mostov*, (born December 25, 1980) is an American alternative pornographic and mainstream actress, director, writer of adult movies, and former stripper.

Early life
----------

Angel was born in Brooklyn, New York to an Orthodox Jewish family. She was raised in River Edge, New Jersey, and studied at Rutgers University.

Career
------

She became famous for creating an adult dating website called BurningAngel. Following the success of Burning Angel, Angel has been featured in numerous magazines and newspapers, including *The New York Times*. She has appeared in over 150 adult movies and has directed over 50 adult movies.

Personal life
-------------

Angel dated fellow porn star James Deen for six years. On December 2, 2015, Angel appeared on The Jason Ellis Show to give more details about her "violent and scary" six-year relationship with Deen.

Angel is a Democrat. In 2015, she endorsed Bernie Sanders for President of the United States in the upcoming 2016 U.S. presidential election.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Joanna Angel***.

* Official website
* Joanna Angel on IMDb
* "I’m a Porn Star, and I Believe in God"
* "Sociology Of Sexuality lecture at UC Irvine" Archived 2015-09-08 at the Wayback Machine
A visual representation of the Casimir effect.
The **Casimir effect** (predicted by Hendrik Casimir in 1948) is the attraction of two metal plates in a vacuum. This effect occurs because of a side effect of the quantum uncertainty principle, where 'virtual' particles cause the plates to be slightly pushed towards each other.

Relationship to quantum uncertainty principle
---------------------------------------------

The quantum uncertainty principle says that particles, fields, etc. have two values, and that the more accurately you measure one, the less accurately you can measure the other. Since 'empty' space (which is a field) would be completely empty, then we would know both the field's magnitude (which is zero) and its rate of change (also zero). Therefore, there must be tiny fluctuations in 'empty' space, so that the uncertainty principle isn't violated. These take the form of virtual particles, which we wouldn't be able to detect directly. However, we can see the effects they have on real particles. Some of these particles are virtual photons, which can also be considered as waves. Now, between the reflective metal plates, there is a certain distance. Certain virtual photons, specifically ones where the distance divided by the wavelength is a whole number, are the only ones that can fit in here; if it isn't a whole number, eventually the peaks and troughs of the waves will coincide, and cancel it out.

Negative spacetime
------------------

Since there are fewer virtual particles on the inside of the plates rather than the outside, there is a greater force on the outside of the plates. This causes the plates to be pushed inwards. Now, the energy density of the universe is zero. This is because every particle has positive energy, but it also has gravity, which balances it out with negative gravitational energy. Since there are fewer virtual particles within the plates, that means that the energy density of the spacetime between the plates must be less than the energy density of spacetime outside the plates. However, since the energy density of the spacetime outside the plates is zero, that means that the energy density of the spacetime between the plates is less than zero, or negative. Negative spacetime has odd properties, such as being saddle-shaped and allowing travel into the past.
**Arshad Ali Chaudhry** (Urdu: ارشد علی چودھری; April 10, 1950 – June 11, 2015) was a field hockey player from Pakistan. Chaudhry was born in Faisalabad (formerly Lyallpur) District of Punjab, Pakistan. He earned his bachelor's degree from Government College Faislabad. He was the captain of his college hockey team. He got a master's degree in history from Punjab University, Lahore in 1973. 

Chaudhry was selected for the Punjab University Hockey team in 1971. The team won the Inter-Varsity Championship the next year. Chaudhry played on the Pakistani national hockey team from 1971 through 1976. He played as right half-back. He played for Pakistan in over 33 national and international matches. The Pakistani Men's hockey team played in the 1975 World Cup Hockey at Kuala Lumpur. They won the Silver Medal.[*source?*] In 1976 Chaudhry participated in the 1976 Summer Olympics held at Montreal and won a bronze medal. He retired from active hockey after the 1976 Olympics. He died in June 2015 at the age of 65.

Other websites
--------------

* Arshad Chaudhury at OlympediaEdit on Wikidata
* Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Arshad Ali Chaudhry". *Olympics at Sports-Reference.com*. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 2020-04-18.
**Madelyn Lee Payne Dunham** (/ˈdʌnəm/ *DUN-əm*; October 26, 1922 – November 2, 2008) was the grandmother of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States. Her daughter was Obama mother's, Ann Dunham. Madelyn and her husband Stanley Armour Dunham raised Obama from age ten in their apartment in Honolulu, Hawaii. She died two days before her grandson was elected President.

Life
----

Madelyn Lee Payne was born in Peru, Kansas. She was the eldest of four children. Her younger brother was Charles T. Payne. Their parents were Rolla Charles "R.C." Payne (August 23, 1892 – October 15, 1968) and Leona Belle (McCurry) Payne (May 7, 1897 – March 22, 1968). In Barack Obama's memoir, *Dreams From My Father*, he describes them as "stern Methodist parents who did not believe in drinking, playing cards or dancing." She moved with her parents to Augusta, Kansas at the age of three. Madelyn was one of the best students at Augusta High School. She graduated from there in 1940.

Death
-----


Wikinews has related news:
* Grandmother of Barack Obama dies at 86

Madelyn died in Hawaii, on November 2, 2008. It was two days before the presidential election. Obama's campaign team announced that she had died "peacefully" after suffering from cancer. At a rally in Charlotte, North Carolina on November 3, Obama said, "She was one of those quiet heroes that we have all across America. They're not famous. Their names are not in the newspapers, but each and every day they work hard. They aren't seeking [fame]. All they try to do is just do the right thing." Dunham's absentee vote, received by the election office on October 27, was included in Hawaii's total vote count.

A private funeral was held on December 23, 2008, at the First Unitarian Church of Honolulu. Obama and his sister Maya scattered their grandmother's ashes in the ocean at Lanai Lookout. It was the same spot where they had scattered their mother's ashes in 1995. Obama was staying at Plantation Estate at the time.
*Statue of Je Tsongkhapa, founder of the Gelugpa school, on the altar in His Temple (His birth place) in Kumbum Monastery, near Xining, Qinghai (Amdo), China. Photo by writer Mario Biondi, July 7, 2006*
The **Gelug** or **Gelug-pa**, is a school of Tibetan Buddhism founded by Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419), a philosopher and Tibetan religious leader. The first monastery he established was at Ganden, and to this day the Ganden Tripa is the head of the school known as Ganden Throne Holder, though its most famous person is the Dalai Lama. There are others Gelug Masters, like Trijang Rinpoche and Ling Rinpoche.

Tsongkhapa was a big promoter of the Kadampa (Bka'-gdams-pa) teachings and the mahāyāna principle of universal compassion as the fundamental spiritual orientation. He combined this with a strong emphasis on the cultivation of in-depth insight into the doctrine of emptiness as taught by the Indian masters Nāgārjuna (2nd century) and Candrakīrti (7th century). Tsongkhapa said that these two aspects of the spiritual path, compassion and insight into wisdom, must be rooted in a big wish for liberation driven by a genuine sense of renunciation. He called these the "Three Principal Aspects of the Path", and said that it is on the basis of these three that one must embark on the profound path of vajrayāna Buddhism.

The central teachings of the Gelug School are the Stages of the Path (*lamrim*), based on the teachings of the Indian master Atiśa (c. 11th century) and the systematic cultivation of the view of emptiness. This is combined with the yogas of highest yoga tantra deities such as Guhyasamāja, Cakrasaṃvara, Yamāntaka and Kālacakra, where the key focus is the direct experience of the union of bliss and emptiness.
The **Alagnon** is a French river that starts in the Massif Central within the Regional Natural Park of the Volcanoes of Auvergne (French: *Parc Naturel Régional des Volcans d'Auvergne*) and that flows through the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It is a left tributary of the Allier.

Geography
---------

The Alagnon river has a length of 85.9 km (53.4 mi) and a drainage basin with an area of 1,042 km2 (402 sq mi).

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 11.90 m3/s (420 cu ft/s) at Lempdes-sur-Allagnon in the Haute-Loire department.

**Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Lempdes-sur-Allagnon (50 years)**

### Course

The Alagnon river starts in the Mounts of Cantal (Massif Central), near the *Puy Bataillouse* mountain, *commune* of Laveissière, at an altitude of about 1,590 m (5,217 ft), in the Cantal department. First, it flows to the east, near the Super Lioran ski resort, and gets into a gorge and, then, into a valley near Murat. The river flows in general to the northeast and gets into deep gorges in Lempdes-sur-Allagnon.

The Alagnon river flows through the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, 3 departments and 23 *communes*. Two *communes* are named after the river: La Chapelle-d'Alagnon and Lempdes-sur-Allagnon. It flows through the following *communes*, among others:

* Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region
	+ Cantal department: Laveissière, Murat, La Chapelle-d'Alagnon, Neussargues-Moissac, Ferrières-Saint-Mary, Molompize, Massiac
	+ Haute-Loire department: Grenier-Montgon, Torsiac, Lempdes-sur-Allagnon
	+ Puy-de-Dôme department: Charbonnier-les-Mines, Beaulieu, Auzat-la-Combelle

Finally, it flows into the Allier river in the town of Auzat-la-Combelle, in the place known as *Le Saut du Loup*, in the Puy-de-Dôme department.

Main tributaries
----------------

The main tributaries, over 20 km long, of the Cère river are:

 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Left tributaries**:* Allanche - 30.5 km
* Sianne - 33.1 km
* Bave - 22 km
* Auze - 17.5

  |   | **Right tributaries**:* Arcueil - 37.8 km
* Alagnonnette - 20 km
* Violette - 15.4 km
 |

Gallery
-------

* The Alagnon in Torsiac.The Alagnon in Torsiac.
* The Alagnon and the Léotoing castle.The Alagnon and the Léotoing castle.
* The Alagnon in Molompize.The Alagnon in Molompize.

Related pages
-------------

* List of rivers of France
The **city flag of Portland, Oregon**, consists of a green field on which is placed a white four-pointed star from which radiate blue stripes, each bordered by L-shaped yellow lines. Narrow white lines separate the blue and yellow elements from each other and from the green background. Officially the flag has a height of 3 feet and a length of 5 feet.

City ordinance 176874, adopted September 4, 2002, sets the design and what it means. Green stands for "the forests and our green City"; yellow for "agriculture and commerce"; blue for "our rivers". Portland is on the Willamette River near its joining with the Columbia River. City Ordinance 186794, adopted September 3, 2014, updated the proportions and the Pantone color specifications: White, PMS 279 (Blue); PMS 349 (Green); and PMS 1235 (Yellow).

The flag was designed in 1969 by a longtime Portland resident, graphic designer R. Douglas Lynch (1913–2009). The version of the flag adopted at that time included, over Lynch's objections, a dark blue canton containing the city seal in yellow and white; in 2002 Lynch and fellow members of the Portland Flag Association persuaded the city council to simplify the design to better reflect his original intent.
**Charlotte Jeanne Béraud de La Haye de Riou** (4 October 1738 – 6 February 1806) was a mistress of Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, and later his wife. However, Louis XV would not allow her to become the Duchess. She is known simply as ***Madame de Montesson***. For her husband's fun and her own, she set up a small theatre and wrote many plays, in which she acted. She was a friend of Joséphine de Beauharnais. She married twice but had no children. In 1770, a small home was built in Paris for her use. The building was called the Hôtel de Montesson. It was destroyed by fire in 1810.

Brief biography
---------------

Born in Paris in 1738 she was the only daughter of Jean Béraud de La Haye de Riou, Seigneur of la Gauvrillère and Josefa Minard. Her father was from an old Breton family, she first married a seventy-year-old widower Jean Baptiste de Montesson, Marquis of Montesson on 11 October 1757 who died in 1769. Her beauty and intelligence attracted the attention of the widowed Louis Philippe d'Orléans who she secretly married in 1773 with the authorisation of King Louis XV. After her marriage to the Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans, a member of the royal family and a Prince du Sang, her low rank did not allow her the title of Duchess of Orléans, nor having the rank of a Princess of the blood. During the French Revolution, she was arrested and imprisoned in the Temple Prison in Paris. She eventually died in Paris aged 67. She was buried at the Église Saint-Roch, Paris.

Titles and styles
-----------------

* **4 October 1738 – 11 October 1757**  *Mademoiselle de La Haye de Riou*.
* **11 October 1757 – 1769** The Marquise of Montesson. (*Madame la marquise de Montesson*)
* **1769 – 6 February 1806** The Dowager Marquise of Montesson. (*Madame la marquise de Montesson douairière*)

References and notes
--------------------

1. ↑  *Charlotte Béraud de la Haye de Riou* "Genealogics - Leo van de Pas"
2. ↑  wife Louise Henriette de Bourbon had died in 1759

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Madame de Montesson at Wikimedia Commons

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***SPQR*** are the initials of a Latin phrase ***S**enātus **P**opulus**q**ue **R**ōmānus*. It means "The Senate and People of Rome". 

It refers to the government of the ancient Roman Republic. It is still used as an official emblem of the modern-day municipality of Rome. 

SPQR appears on Roman coins, at the end of documents made public by inscription in stone or metal, in dedications of monuments and public works, and on the flag (vexilloid) of the Roman legions.

The phrase appears in Roman political, legal and historical literature, such as the speeches of Cicero and *Ab Urbe Condita Libri* ("Books from the Founding of the City") of Livy.

The date of first use of SPQR is not known. It first appears in inscriptions of the later Republic, from about 80 BC onwards. It last appears on coins of Constantine the Great (ruled AD 312-337), the first Christian Roman emperor.

The signature continued in use under the Roman Empire. The emperors were considered the representatives of the people, although the decrees of the Senate were dictated by the wishes of the emperor.

Similar language in more modern political and social revolutions no doubt comes from this usage. During the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini, SPQR was emblazoned on many public buildings in an attempt to promote his dictatorship as a "New Roman Empire"

The inscription in the Arch of Titus
Some iron tools
The **Iron Age** is the period after the Bronze Age in Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa. Iron production took place in Anatolia at least as early as 1200 BC, with some evidence pointing to even earlier dates.

In the Mesopotamian states of Sumer, Akkad and Assyria, the use of iron reaches far back, to perhaps 3000 BC. One of the earliest smelted iron artifacts known was a dagger with an iron blade found in a Hattic tomb in Anatolia, dating from 2500 BC. The widespread use of iron weapons which replaced bronze weapons rapidly disseminated throughout the Near East (North Africa, southwest Asia) by the beginning of the 1st millennium BC.

Before this time, people used bronze or flint tools, and pottery. They farmed, and lived in communities. Most of Europe, Africa and Asia reached the Iron Age by 500 BC. It is a period of prehistory because, though iron and steel continue to be important even today, the "Iron Age" is defined as ending when people began to write their history.

Iron ore is easy to find, and some iron is a Native metal but iron is hard to make into tools. It melts at a higher temperature than bronze. When blacksmiths learned how to make iron tools, they were able to make many of them. With more and better tools, people could do more. For example, more people could own a metal plough. They could farm their fields better and grow more crops. Some people invented coins to help buy and sell their crops and their iron tools. 

Bronze weapons and armor were no match for those made of iron, so many peoples who did not have iron were defeated by those who did. Soldiers used iron shields and helmets in battle.
"**Super Bass**" is a song by Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj. It is from her 2010 debut album *Pink Friday*. The song is listed as a bonus track on the deluxe edition of the album. It was released as a single from *Pink Friday* in 2011. This bubblegum pop and pop rap contains electronic influences. While this happens, Minaj raps over a hip hop beat. The song was able to cross over into many genres on radio, such as pop, urban, and rhythmic. "Super Bass" was written by Minaj, Daniel Johnson, and Ester Dean, who also helps write songs for other recording artists such as Rihanna. The song was produced by Kane Beatz. The song's lyrics are about a playful romance between a man and a woman, according to Minaj.

The song reached number three on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100 in 2011, as well as on the Mainstream Top 40/Pop Songs airplay chart. It topped the US Rhythmic Songs chart and reached number two on the Rap Songs chart. In Australia and Canada, the song reached number six, while it peaked at number eight in the United Kingdom. "Super Bass" finished as the eighth-best performing song of 2011 in the United States.

On November 9, 2021, the song was certified Diamond by the RIAA for consumption of 10 million copies in the United States alone.

Music video
-----------

The music video starts with Minaj with her eyes closed. As the song starts, she begins to open them. As Minaj raps through the verse of the song, she is shown with Barbie props. Later on in the song, Minaj starts to tease men. The props used proposed ice cream and a motorcycle that were made of ice. As the chorus begins, she and her five clones of her are performing choreography. After that, Minaj later dances in the dark lights. She also uses glow-in-the-dark accessories.

Many critics have praised the music video. It is because of its vibrant, catchy looks. The song was nominated for "Best Female Video" and "Best Hip-Hop Video" categories at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards. Later on, it won those awards.

Certifications
--------------

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | Diamond | 10,000,000double-dagger |
| \*sales figures based on certification alone^shipments figures based on certification alone |