recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Zahra Rahnavard** (Persian: زهرا رهنورد; born **Zohreh Kazemi**; 19 August 1945) is an Iranian university professor, artist and politician. Rahnavard was put under house arrest from February 2011 to May 2018. According to *Foreign Policy* magazine, she was one of the world's most important thinkers. She is the wife of former Iran Prime Minister Mir Hussein Musavi. In part of her work, she told that men should respect laws of Islamic head coverings the same way women do. She also works for women's rights in the middle east.

Early life
----------

Rahnavard was born in Boroojerd, Iran. Her father, Haj-Fathali, was a Sh'ia Muslim and against Communism. After hearing of a gathering of Sh'ia religious leaders in Iran, Haj-Fathali moved the family to Khomein, Markazi Province where Zahra was raised.

Zahra Rahnavard earned her bachelor's and master's degrees in art and architecture from the University of Tehran. She also has master's and PhD degrees from Islamic Azad University in Political science.

Career
------

Zahra Rahnavard in 2009
Rahnavard was one of the people who tried to stop the Shah from being leader of Iran. In the last years of the Shah, Rahnavard was close to Ali Shariati. Shariati was a Islamist leader who was against the kind of government that stops freedom.

Rahnavard was a Chancellor at Alzahra University in Tehran from 1998 to 2006. She was also Political Adviser to the former Iranian President Mohammad Khatami. Rahnavard was the first Iranian woman appointed as a chancellor of a university since the Iranian Revolution in 1979. Former Minister of Science, Research and Technology, Mostafa Moin nominated her for the job as chancellor.

After the election of president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2005. government officials who wanted to reform the government were. Rahnavard was removed (or resigned) from her position as the Chancellor of Al-zahra University in 2006. She was replaced by Mahboubeh Mobasheri.

In 2009, she was an active member of her husband Mir-Hossein Mousavi's campaign. when Mousavi entered the 2009 presidential election. Now she is a member of The Green Path of Hope and is one of the leaders of opposition.

Rahnavard is also the author of 15 books.

Personal life
-------------

Rahnavard is the wife of Mir-Hossein Mousavi. Mousavi is the former Prime Minister of Iran. They had three daughters: Kokab, Narges, and Zahra. She and Mousavi married on September 18, 1969. They are now under house arrest.
The **Third Servile War**, also called the **Gladiator War** and **The War of Spartacus** by Plutarch, was the last of several slave rebellions against the Roman Republic. 

These are called the Servile Wars. The first two Servile Wars were in Sicily and not very big. The Third Servile War was dangerous for Italia itself, and was hopeful for the slaves because the slaves won several battles against the Roman army between 73 and 71 BC. But the rebellion was defeated in 71 BC by Marcus Licinius Crassus. The rebellion had indirect effects on Roman politics for many years.

Events
------

In 71 BC, a band of slaves escaped. At first a small group of about 70 gladiators escaped. The band grew to over 120,000. Men, women and children wandered throughout Italy, and raided with not much resistance. Their leaders included the famous gladiator-general Spartacus. 

The able-bodied adults of this band were a surprisingly effective armed force. They showed they could withstand the Roman military, from the local Campanian patrols, to the Roman militia, and finally they destroyed an army of trained Roman legions under consular command. Plutarch described the actions of the slaves as an attempt to escape their masters and flee through Cisalpine Gaul, while Appian and Florus depicted the revolt as a civil war in which the slaves tried to capture the city of Rome itself.

The Roman Senate's grew alarmed about the military successes of this band, and their damage to Roman towns and the countryside. Eventually, after several defeats, the Senate put an army of eight legions under the harsh but effective leadership of Marcus Licinius Crassus. The war ended in 71 BC when the armies of Spartacus, after long and bitter fighting, retreated before the legions of Crassus. Realizing that the legions of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus and Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus were moving in to trap them, they launched their full strength against Crassus' legions and were utterly destroyed.

The Third Servile War was significant to the broader history of ancient Rome mostly in its effect on the careers of Pompey and Crassus. The two victorious generals used their success to further their political careers, using their public acclaim and the implied threat of their legions to sway the consular elections of 70 BC in their favor. Their actions as Consuls damaged Roman political institutions and led, after Caesar's death, to events which turned the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.

Other websites
--------------

### Classical historical works

Works at LacusCurtius.

* Appian's *The Civil Wars*.
* Frontinus's *The Strategemata*.
* Plutarch's, *Life of Crassus*
* Plutarch's, *Life of Pompey*

* 
* 
* 
* 

### Modern works

* William Smith's, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities at LacusCurtius. A scanned page version is also available at The Ancient Library.
|  |
| --- |
| **National Parks of Costa Rica** |
| 
Manuel Antonio National Park |
| 

---

 |
| **First Park** | Poás Volcano National Park, 1955 |
| **Smallest Park** | Manuel Antonio National Park, 16 km² |
| **Largest Park** | La Amistad International Park, 1991 km² |
| **Governing body** | SINAC |

There are 26 National parks in Costa Rica. These parks are managed by **SINAC** *(Sistema Nacional de Areas de Conservacion)*. SINAC is part of Costa Rica's Ministry of Environment and Energy.

List of National Parks of Costa Rica
------------------------------------

* Arenal Volcano National Park
* Barbilla National Park
* Barra Honda National Park
* Braulio Carrillo National Park
* Cahuita National Park
* Carara National Park
* Chirripó National Park
* Cocos Island National Park
* Corcovado National Park
* Diria National Park
* Guanacaste National Park
* Irazú Volcano National Park
* Juan Castro Blanco National Park
* La Amistad International Park
* La Cangreja National Park
* Las Baulas National Marine Park
* Manuel Antonio National Park
* Maquenque National Park (proposed)
* Palo Verde National Park
* Piedras Blancas National Park
* Poás Volcano National Park
* Rincón de la Vieja Volcano National Park
* Santa Rosa National Park
* Tapantí National Park
* Tenorio Volcano National Park
* Tortuguero National Park
* Turrialba Volcano National Park

Santa Rosa
----------

The Santa Rosa National Park in the province of Guanacaste is one of the most important historic areas of the country.

Manuel Antonio
--------------

Manuel Antonio National Park was listed by Forbes as one of the world's 12 most beautiful national parks. This park is located on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, in the province of Puntarenas. It has an area of 682.7 mm. It is one of Costa Rica's most scenic parks. Manuel Antonio receives a lot of national and international tourism. An important attraction is the tropical rainforest inhabited by species of flora and fauna in danger of extinction, such as the Tití monkey.

Cocos Island
------------

The island is regarded as a natural laboratory for the study of the evolution of species. Cocos Island is a territory rich landscape and a true laboratory for the study of nature. Many ferns, bromeliads, rivers, creeks and waterfalls, valleys, cliffs and islands frequented by many seabirds and place of nesting gulls.
**Bello Muhammad Matawalle** (born February 12, 1962) is a Nigerian politician. He is the Governor of Zamfara State, Nigeria.

Early life and education
------------------------

Matawalle was born in Maradun Local Government Area of Zamfara. He went to school at VTC Bunza and graduated in 1984. He went to college at Yaba College of Technology, Lagos and later to Thames Valley University, London.

Later life and career
---------------------

Matawalle was teacher at Government Girls College Moriki and Kwatarkoshi. He later left teaching and joined the Federal Ministry of Water Resources. Matawalle entered politics in 1998 when he ran for a house of assembly seat. He joined the United Nigeria Congress Party (UNCP). After the death of Sani Abacha, who was the head of state, Abdulsalami Abubakar succeeded him and dissolved the political parties. Abubakaar announced that elections would hold in.

Matawalle served as Zamfara State Commissioner for Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs, Commissioner for Environment, Rural Development and then Commissioner for Youth and Sports between 1999 and 2003.
A **Noble family** is a family who are related to the Royal family, but they are ranks below King. Nobles usually are less known then Royals but in some cases nobles were more well known. Some "Noble families" are not noble. Take the Medici family and the Borgias.Those two families are known as Banking families and aristocrats. Those families are Rich but not a member of Nobility that is recognized by the King/Emperor.

History
-------

Nobles were always recognized as lower families of the King/Queen. Nobles usually ruled Duchy's, Counties, and principalities. Nobles were usually given a "House", being of course a noble house. Nobles usually worked as advisors to the King, and land owners. Some families did not work at all because they were quite wealthy. But not all nobles were wealthy. Some Nobles were very poor. One of the richest claim to be noble families were the Medicis. The Medici's ruled Tuscany, Milan ect. The Medici's were pretty much common people, but they were richer than most monarchs at there time until there fall in the 1700's. One of the poorest family's were a period of time was the Bonaparte family. They were poor until Napoleon became Emperor of the French. 

Noble families had plenty of power depending on what land they ruled. The rich Duchy of Burgundy was a major power spot because of how big to Duchy was. Another power spot was the Duchy of Milan and the Duchy of Luxembourg. But some Nobles had little to no power. Mostly because most nobles are given a title such as "Lady" that is non hereditary.

Famous Noble Families
---------------------

* House of Boleyn
* House of Grey
* House of Bourbon
* House of Normandy
* House of Foix
* House of Hesse
* House of Nassu
Raja Rao Balkishan Singh
**Rao Bal Kishan** was an Yaduvanshi Ahir king of Haryana-Delhi and some part of Alwar, Jaipur in Rajasthan. Under his rule, the Ahirwal covered present day districts of Rewari, Mahendergarh, Narnual, Charkhi Dadri, Hissar, Jhajjar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Najafgarh, Dwarka, Bahadurgarh, Rohini, Alwar and Jaipur.

Early Life
----------

Rao Bal Kishan was born to Rao Nand Ram Singh of the royal Yaduvanshi Ahir family of Rewari. It is said that he killed a lion without wearing armor. This earned him the title of "Sher Bacha Shamsher Bahadur". He was married to the daughter of a Ahir Sardar Ramchandra of Takana Nasibpur.

Battle of Karnal
----------------

In 1739, the Iranian ruler Nadir Shah attacked India. Rao Bal Kishan, with his army and with the forces of Delhi, fought Nadir Shah. His army included 5000 infantry and 2000 cavalry. In February 1739, Nader Shah captured Sirhind and moved towards the field of Karnal, a battle destined to be fateful to the Mughal rulers. On 24 February, the battle of Karnal was fought. Emperor Muhammad Shah had over a hundred thousand force against Nader Shah's 55,000 men but was still decisively defeated because royal force left the Battlefield at Karnal. Only Rao Balkishan Singh fought to Nadir shah, he was killed in the battle but immortalized the name "Vijay or Veergati". The Battle was ambitious as Nadir Shah itself remarked to Mughal Emperor that if your combined forces helped Rao Balkrishna of Rewari, than I might not able to enter in Delhi. I had never seen any warrior like him brave , Fierce and strong. After this to a royal chhatri kiosk was made by Mughal Emperor to remark tribute to Rao Balkrishna. Even today the Chhatri is present in Karnal.

#### Post Battle

After the battle, Nadir Shah met the Mughal emperor and praised Rao Bal Kishan and his soldiers. He said - "If Rao Bal Kishan had not been martyred in the battle and Faujshahi (Mughal armies) supported that brave Sardar whole heartedly instead of escaping from the battlefield, we would not had the luck to see Delhi today, but it would also have been difficult to return to Iran alive.

Capt Ram Chander and Hav Nihal Singh, Sena medal with Kshatriya Yaduvanshi Shaurya Darpan, Rewari unveiling the portrait of Rao Bal Kishan at Dharuhera, Rewari.

Death
-----

Rao Balkishan was killed in an ambush by the Iranian troops in the Battle of Karnal on 24 February, 1739.

Legacy
------

* Chhatri (Memorial) of Raja Rao Balkishan is located in Karnal, Haryana.

Rao Bal Kishan Chattri(Memorial)
* Rao Balkishan Singh Memorial School is located in Hauz Khas, Delhi.
* A Shaheedi Mela is organised in Gurgaon, Haryana on 24 February every year.

Related pages
-------------

* Gurgaon
* Ahirwal
This article is about the Chinese automotive brand. For the Canada-based internet company, see Everus Communications.

**Everus** is a Chinese manufacturer of passenger cars, and then electric crossovers based in Guangzhou, operating since 2008. The brand belongs to a Sino-Japanese joint venture between GAC Group and Honda.

History
-------

In 2008, joint venture **Guangqi Honda** between the Chinese car company GAC Group and the Japanese Honda decided to create a new brand, Everus, with the  Chinese. The study announcement of the branch's first vehicle was the Li Nian Concept prototype in the form of a crossover presented in 2008 at the Guangzhou Auto Show, and two years later a second concept car was presented in the form of a 4-door sedan.

In April 2011, Everus presented the first production car in the form of urban sedan S1 developed as a twin to the Honda City. The model was sold exclusively on the Chinese market until 2014, after which the company temporarily disappeared from the market due to the lack of new products.

The announcement of Everus' return to the market, this time under a completely new form of the electric cars brand, was the Everus EV Concept study presented in April 2018 at the Beijing Auto Show. In November of the same year, a serial version of the model was presented, which was a twin design of Honda HR-V called Everus VE-1.

Products
--------

### Everus S1

Everus S1
The S1 was the first concept car available for sale. It is a replica of the 4th generation Honda City sedan, which was launched in April 2011.

### Everus VE-1

Everus VE-1
This is an ultra-compact electric CUV based on Honda Vezel, which was previously previewed as the Everus EV concept car.The car was jointly developed by Honda and GAC Honda. It is equipped with a 53.6 kilowatt-hour lithium-ion battery (NCM622) in the European new driving cycle, with a cruising range of 340 kilometres (210 mi). It is driven by an electric motor with a power of 120 kilowatts (160 hp), the torque is 280 newton-metres (210 lb⋅ft).

New Concept Car
---------------

Everus EV concept car
The EV SUV concept car made its debut at the 2018 Beijing Auto Show.
A rain dance being performed in Harar East Ethiopia.
A **rain dance** is a ceremonial dance. It is performed by people who believe it will cause rain and keep their harvest safe.

Many different types of "rain dances" can be found in many cultures, from Ancient Egypt to certain Native American tribes. In the 20th century Balkans, a ritual known as Paparuda (Romanian) or Perperuna (Slavic) is a type of rain dance.

The Cherokee tribe, an ethnic Native American tribe from the Southeastern United States used rain dances to both create rain and to remove evil spirits from the earth. The legend of the tribe says that the rain created has the spirits of the former leaders of the tribe. During the rain, these spirits fight the evil spirits in a place between our reality and the spirit world.[*source?*] These raindances are also seen as acts of worship.

Julia M. Butree in her book, describes the "Rain Dance of Zuni" and other Native American dances

Feathers and turquoise are worn during the dance. They symbolize wind and rain. Many traditions of the Rain Dance are passed down through history by people telling their children about them in stories.
Comparison between a longnose sawshark (top and left), a *Sclerorhynchus* (middle), and a largetooth sawfish (bottom and right)
**Sclerorhynchoidei**, the **sawskates**, is an extinct suborder of cartilaginous fish that had long rostra with large denticles similar to sawfishes and sawsharks. This feature was just convergent evolution and their closest living relatives are actually skates.

The suborder contains five families, the Ganopristidae, Ischyrhizidae, Onchopristidae, Ptychotrygonidae, and Schizorhizidae. Some genera are not in any of these families.

Some genera
-----------

### *Onchopristis*

*Onchopristis* is an extinct genus of giant sclerorhynchoid. Isolated rostral denticles are the most common fossils, but rostra, chondrocrania, jaws, oral teeth, vertebrae, and dermal denticles were also found.

### *Baharipristis*

*Baharipristis* is an extinct genus of sawskate from the Cretaceous period.

### *Onchosaurus*

*Onchosaurus* is an extinct genus of ganopristid sawskate.

### *Schizorhiza*

*Schizorhiza* is an extinct genus of Cretaceous schizorhizid.

*Onchopristis*
### *Atlanticopristis*

*Atlanticopristis* (meaning "Atlantic saw") is an extinct genus of Cretaceous ganopristid.

Related pages
-------------

* Balistoides
* Balistes

Life restoration of the ganopristid *Atlanticopristis*
The **grey triggerfish** (*Balistes capriscus*) or **leatherjacket**, is a triggerfish in the genus *Balistes* that is found in shallow parts of the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia to Argentina and also the eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea and off Angola on the west coast of Africa.

Description
-----------

The grey triggerfish is primarily olive-gray. It has blue dots and lines on the body and dorsal fin. It has a laterally compressed body shaped like a large rugby ball.

The small beak at the tip of the snout has fleshy lips. The body, aside from being compressed, has a tough, leathery skin. It is also pale gray, greenish-gray, or yellowish-brown.

Distribution and habitat
------------------------

As mentioned earlier, the grey triggerfish is in the western Atlantic Ocean. It can be found over hard bottoms on reefs and rocky areas, in lagoons and in bays, at depths down to about 55 m (180 ft). Once considered to be an uncommon visitor to northern European seas, an increase in records around the coast of Cornwall say it is now breeding there.

School of grey triggerfish on the Berlengas archipelago, Portugal

Recreational fishing
--------------------

People in Florida and elsewhere love going fishing for grey triggerfish. It is also notorious for being a bait stealer. It is also associated with black sea bass and red snapper. Its mouth is bony, so to catch it, you'll need a small sharp hook that is baited with squid or cut bait.

Related pages
-------------

* Onchopristis
* Balistomorphus
* List of prehistoric bony fish genera

Other websites
--------------

* Photos of Grey triggerfish on Sealife Collection
* Media related to Grey triggerfish at Wikimedia Commons
Complementary traditional Polish farmers food (bigos stew, pierogi dumplings, gołąbki cabbage rolls, skwarki cracklings)Various kinds of Polish kielbasa. From the top down: biała, kabanos, wiejska with mustardOscypek, a Polish smoked cheese and traditional food of the Goral people in the Tatra MountainsBagels originated in Poland and became widespread during migration of Polish Jews.
**Polish cuisine** is a style of food preparation originating in and widely popular in Poland. Due to Poland's history, Polish cuisine has evolved over the centuries. It has borrowed many other national cuisines. 

Polish cuisine is rich in meat, especially pork, chicken and game, and a wide range of vegetables, spices, fungi and mushrooms, and herbs. There are a lot of different kinds of pasta, cereals, grains and pulses. Polish cuisine makes extensive use of butter, cream, eggs, and seasoning. Traditional dishes often need a lot of preparation. Many Poles take time to serve and enjoy their festive meals, especially Christmas Eve dinner (*Wigilia*) on December 24, or Easter breakfast, both of which could take several days to prepare.

Among popular Polish national dishes are *bigos* [ˈbiɡɔs] (audio speaker iconlisten), *pierogi* [pʲɛˈrɔɡʲi] (audio speaker iconlisten), *kiełbasa*, *kotlet schabowy* [ˈkɔtlɛt sxaˈbɔvɨ] (audio speaker iconlisten) (pork loin breaded cutlet), *gołąbki* [ɡɔˈwɔ̃pkʲi] (audio speaker iconlisten) (stuffed cabbage leaves), *zrazy* [ˈzrazɨ] (roulade), *zupa ogórkowa* [ˈzupa ɔɡurˈkɔva] (sour cucumber soup), *zupa grzybowa* [ˈzupa ɡʐɨˈbɔva] (mushroom soup), *zupa pomidorowa* [ˈzupa pɔmidɔˈrɔva] (tomato soup), *rosół* [ˈrɔsuw] (audio speaker iconlisten) (meat broth), *żurek* [ˈʐurɛk] (audio speaker iconlisten) (sour rye soup), *flaki* [ˈflakʲi] (audio speaker iconlisten) (tripe soup), and red beetroot soup *barszcz* [barʂt͡ʂ] (audio speaker iconlisten).

A traditional Polish dinner has three courses, beginning with a soup. In restaurants, soups are followed by an appetizer such as herring (prepared with either cream, oil, or in aspic), or other cured meats and chopped raw vegetable salads. The main course usually includes meat, such as a roast, breaded pork cutlet, or chicken, with a coleslaw-like *surówka* ([suˈrufka]), shredded root vegetables with lemon and sugar (carrot, celeriac, cooked beetroot), sauerkraut, or *mizeria* salad. The side dishes are usually boiled potatoes, grain, or less commonly, rice. Meals often end with a dessert of either a fruit compote, a pastry, cream pie, mille-feuille, or cheesecake.

If a Polish culinary tradition is used in other cuisines, it is referred to as *à la polonaise*, from the French, meaning 'Polish-style.' In French cuisine, this term is used for techniques like using butter instead of cooking oil; frying vegetables with buttered breadcrumbs; using minced parsley and boiled eggs (Polonaise garnish); and adding horseradish, lemon juice, or sour cream to sauces like velouté.
**Fort William** (Scottish Gaelic: *An Gearasdan* [ən ˈkʲɛɾəs̪t̪ən]; "The Garrison") is in the Scottish Highlands. It is a town in the area of Lochaber on the eastern shore of Loch Linnhe. 

In 2011, Fort William had a population of about 10,500. It is the second largest settlement in the Highland council area, and the second largest settlement in the whole of the Scottish Highlands. Only the city of Inverness has a larger population.

Fort William is a major tourist centre. It has Glen Coe to the south, Ben Nevis and Aonach Mòr to the east and Glenfinnan to the west, on the Road to the Isles. 

Fort William is a centre for hillwalking and climbing. It is near Ben Nevis and other Munro mountains. It is the start and end of travel to the north-east or south-west.

About 700 people (~7% of the population) can speak Gaelic.

Geologically, the town sits on the Great Glen Fault, the most striking feature of Scotland on the map. The fault runs from the south-west to the north-east of Scotland.
**Black widows** are spiders. Their scientific name is *Latrodectus mactans*. They share the genus name *Latrodectus* with several similar spiders (sometimes called "widow spiders"). 

The female spider is shiny black and has a round abdomen with a red hourglass pattern on its underside. They are closely related to another group called *Steotoda* (sometimes called "false widow spiders). That group contains species that are not dangerous to humans. All of the true widow spiders can give bites that are harmful to human beings and may kill children or people who are not in good health.

Female widow spiders are rather large. They have a body length of approximately 0.5 inch. The males of the widow spiders are much smaller than the females.

Both the widow spiders and the *Steotoda* spiders belong to a larger group that includes many kinds of spiders that make similar kinds of webs and have the same general body shape.

Habitat
-------

Black widow spiders live in warm places all over the world. They like to build their webs in safe places under something like an overturned box sitting on the ground. Often they are found under the seats of outdoor toilets. They like to be left alone, so they rarely come inside places where people live. They only bite when they feel threatened.

Biting
------

Like other spiders, black widows bite for two reasons: to kill things to eat and to protect themselves. They catch flying insects in their webs and bite them so that they will stop fighting to get free. When people put their hands into this spider's web they might get bitten by mistake, but usually people get bitten when they squeeze a spider and the spider defends itself. Unfortunately, humans are very sensitive to the venom that the spider gives in its bite. The good thing is that widow spiders almost always run away if they can. If something big hits their web then they drop straight down to the ground and run away.

Diet
----

Black widows eat mostly flies and moths. The female black widow is infamous for eating males of its kind, hence the "widow" in black.

Sources
-------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Latrodectus***.

* Stidworthy, John 2000. *Creepy crawlies*. Parragon Publishing, ISBN 0-75255-903-6
* Resnick, Jane 1996. *Spiders*. Kids Books. ISBN 1-56156-401-X
Fricsay in 1941
**Ferenc Fricsay** (born Budapest, 9 August 1914; died Basel, 20 February 1963) (pronounced "Ferr-'ens 'Frich-sye") was a Hungarian conductor. From 1960 until his death, he was an Austrian citizen.

Fricsay was born in Budapest in 1914. His music teachers were Hungary's most famous composers: Béla Bartók, Zoltán Kodály and Ernst von Dohnányi. He was only 15 when he conducted his first concert, and he soon became very famous. He became music director of the then newly formed RIAS Symphony Orchestra in Germany in 1949. He was conductor of the Houston Symphony in 1954. He spent much of his time from the 1950s onward in Germany as conductor of the Bavarian State Opera (1956–1958), the RIAS Symphony Orchestra, the Deutsche Oper Berlin and the Berlin Philharmonic.

Fricsay's family grave.
From the 1950s until his death, he recorded for the Deutsche Grammophon record label. Fricsay gave his last concert on 7 December 1961 in London where he conducted the London Philharmonic Orchestra in Beethoven's *Symphony No. 7*. He was often ill during his life, and he died of stomach cancer on 20 February 1963 at the age of 48 in Basel, Switzerland. He was buried in Ermatingen, a village at Lake Constance. His mother Berta died shortly after him and was buried in the same grave.

Fricsay was known for his interpretations of the music of Mozart and Beethoven, as well as that of his teacher Béla Bartók. His 1958 recording of Beethoven's *Symphony No. 9* is featured in the movie *A Clockwork Orange*.

Many musicians still think his recordings are among the very best.

Other websites
--------------

* Ferenc Fricsay website
**Frederick "Fred" Harold Hale** (December 1, 1890 – November 19, 2004) was an American supercentenarian, beekeeper and railway post officer, and at the time of his death the oldest living man.

Biography
---------

Both of his parents lived to age 91 and his youngest son, Fred Hale Sr, to age 97. He married Flora Mooers, who died in 1979, in 1910, and had two daughters, Muriel (1910–1970) and Carrie (1913–1992) and three sons, Robert (1916–1918) who died in the Spanish flu, Norman (born 1920) and Fred (born 1921). At the time of his death, Hale also had nine grandchildren, nine great-grandchildren and eleven great-great-grandchildren.

At age 95, Hale surfed for the first time in his life in Hawaii during a stop there on the journey back from Japan where he visited his grandson.

At age 100, he traveled to Europe along with his son Norman and his daughter-in-law, to visit Norman's location of military service during World War II.

At age 108, Hale was recognized by Guinness World Records as the oldest person ever with a driving license, and he believed "bee pollen and honey every day, along with the occasional nip of whiskey" as the secret to a long life.

He became the oldest living American man and the third oldest living man in the world (behind Japaneseman Yukichi Chuganji and Joan Riudavets) on February 24, 2003 when 113-year-old John McMorran died of heart failure and over a year later, on March 5, 2004, after 114-year-old Spaniard Joan Riudavets' death, also the oldest man in the world as well as the last living man born before the tenth and last decade of the 19th century (1891–1900).

Hale died of pneumonia on November 19, 2004, just twelve days before his 114th birthday and before his son Norman (who died at age 84 on December 30, 2004).

| Records |
| --- |
|
| Preceded byJoan Riudavets |  **World's oldest living man**March 5, 2004 - November 19, 2004 | Succeeded byEmiliano Mercado del Toro |
"Golf bot" — a robot built with the NXT set
**Lego Mindstorms NXT** is a robotic kit. It is made to build and program first robot in 30 minutes. The kit replaces a system called Robotics Invention System. The available versions are: *Lego Mindstorms NXT 1.0* (set #8527), *Lego Mindstorm NXT 2.0* (set #8547) and *Lego Mindstorms Education NXT* (set #9797). It comes with the NXT-G programming software. It is possible to use unofficial programming languages, such as NXC, NBC, leJOS NXJ, and RobotC using software that is not included with the kit.

The main component in the kit is computer module that controls the robot's movements and actions called the *NXT Intelligent Brick*. It has 32-bit microprocessor, four inputs, three outputs, Bluetooth communications, a speaker, 1 USB 2.0 port, and a 100×64 LCD display. Also, the NXT includes three powerful servo motors with rotation sensors. Very simple programs can be created in the menu on the *NXT Intelligent Brick* without a computer. More complicated programs can be downloaded via Bluetooth or USB from the computer to the robot. The graphical, drag-and-drop programming language NXT-G is simple, but complete enough to be usable.

The NXT comes with five types of sensors: Touch, Light, Sound, Ultrasonic, and Rotation. The sound sensor is not included in the Lego Mindstorms NXT 2.0 kit. 

* The touch sensor reacts to touch and release. It can detect single or multiple button presses, and reports back to the *NXT Intelligent Brick*.
* The Light Sensor enables the robot to decide what is light and what is dark and the light intensity, or hue, of different colors.
* The Sound Sensor is able to measure noise levels in both dB (decibels) and dBA (frequencies around 3–6 kHz where the human ear is most sensitive)
* The Ultrasonic Sensor is able to detect an object and measure distance in inches or centimeters.
* The Rotation Sensor is built into every motor so position and speed are always available to NXT programs.

In the *Lego Mindstorms NXT 2.0* is new Colour sensor. It can detects different colours and measure the amount of reflected light and ambient light.
The **General Electric Company** (**GEC**) was a major British conglomerate company involved in consumer and defence electronics, communications, and engineering.

It started in 1886 as **G. Binswanger and Company,** an electrical goods wholesaler in London. It sold electrical components over the counter which was not common then. In 1889, the business was incorporated as the **General Electric Company Ltd.** It became a public limited company in 1900. During the 1890s and 1900s, the company heavily invested into electric lighting, which was very profitable. In the First World War it supplied the military, and becoming a major player in the electrical industry. In 1921, a new purpose-built company headquarters (Magnet House) was opened in Kingsway, London; two years later, GEC's industrial research laboratories at Wembley (later named the Hirst Research Centre) opened. In the 1920s, the company was heavily involved in building Britain's National Grid.

During the Second World War, GEC made several significant contributions to the Allied war effort, such as the development of the cavity magnetron for radar, various advances in communications technology, and the mass production of valves, lamps, and lighting equipment. In 1961, GEC merged with Radio & Allied Industries. In the 1960s, GEC's new managing director, Arnold Weinstock did cut-backs and mergers that returned the company to profit. GEC bought Associated Electrical Industries in 1967, and merged with English Electric one year later. The company bought W & T Avery, *Cincinnati Electronics*, and *Picker Corporation*.

During the 1980s, the company was Britain's largest private employer with over 250,000 employees; becoming one of the first companies in the new FTSE 100 Index in 1984. It made more than £1 billion per year at its peak in the 1990s. In June 1998, GEC sold its share of the joint venture GEC-Alsthom on the Paris stock exchange. During December 1999, GEC's defence arm, Marconi Electronic Systems, was sold to British Aerospace, forming BAE Systems. The rest of GEC, mainly telecommunications equipment manufacturing, continued as Marconi Communications. After buying several US telecoms manufacturers at the top of the market, losses following the bursting of the dot-com bubble in 2001 led to the restructuring in 2003 of Marconi plc into Marconi Corporation plc. During 2005, the company failed to secure any part of BT's 21st Century Network programme; that same year, Ericsson acquired the bulk of the company; what was left of the business was renamed Telent.
**Les' Copaque Production** Sdn Bhd is a 3-dimensional animation creation organization with MSC status based in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. 
Les Copaque not only works in the field of animation but even becomes a full-fledged production organization which also involves idea submission, sound recordings and post-publishing that are included with the animation work.

This studio involves a lot of workforce from young talents.

History
-------

Les' Copaque was founded by Haji Burhanuddin Md Radzi and Hajah Ainon Ariff as publishers.
They named their studio for a Malay language network "last kopek" which means "last chance" and changed the spelling to look like French. 
Les Copaque's logo is a little frog named Si Polan. 
This symbol was born from the Malay proverb like a frog under a shell, which means someone with broad insight, ignorance, and a person whose vision is not broad, the breadth is like a shell.

The Polan, however he sits on top of the coconut shell, which means the desire to dream big and their ability to think outside the box Their first animated film project entitled Misi Mustahak which was made under the auspices of the two founders as a nomination by their institution, MMU, then won four awards in 2005: Best Work ("Best of the 10th MVA 2005") and Gold Medalist Film Short Animation (Open) at the 10th Anugerah Video Malaysia (MVA); Tertiary Student Projects (Creative Multimedia) at MSC-APICTA 2005; and Best of Multimedia University Collection 2005 at Creative Pixels, State Art Gallery. 
Khidmat Les' Copaque was assigned to create a mobile public order as well as a GT Jepun commercial in 2006.The organization also stepped into making the short fictional animation Geng: the Beginning at the wish of Mohd Anas Abdul Aziz who had won the overall title, best animated film. and best animation maker at the 2006 Short Film Award; In 2007, Les' Copaque introduced Malaysia's famous animated character, Upin & Ipin, to welcome Ramadan and Eid, while working on the film Geng: Pengembaraan Bermula which also featured the twins. The film Gang finally came out on February 12, 2009.

and succeeded in earning an income from the cinema of around RM 6.3 million, making it among the Malaysian films that achieved the highest citation in history. 
Nizam and Safwan who created the characters Upin and Ipin have left Les' Copaque and have opened a new animation company called Animonsta Studios where they are working on a new animation called BoBoiBoy. Even so, Les' Copaque still publishes the animated series *Upin & Ipin*.

Filmography
-----------

### Full-screen films

* Geng: The Adventure Begins(2009)
* Upin & Ipin: The Lone Gibbon Kris (2019)

### TV series

* Upin & Ipin (2007–present)
* Upin & Ipin Iqra
* Upin & Ipin: The Helping Heroes
* Pada Zaman Dahulu
* Puteri
* DaDuDiDo
* Ingat!
**British Aerospace plc** (**BAe**) was a British aircraft, munitions and defence-systems manufacturing company that was formed in 1977. Its head office was at Warwick House in the Farnborough Aerospace Centre in Farnborough, Hampshire. It bought Marconi Electronic Systems, the defence electronics and naval shipbuilding subsidiary of the General Electric Company, in 1999 to form BAE Systems.

History
-------

### Formation and privatisation

The company has its origins in the Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries Act 1977, which called for the nationalisation and merger of the British Aircraft Corporation, Hawker Siddeley Aviation, Hawker Siddeley Dynamics and Scottish Aviation. On 29 April 1977, the new entity was formed in the United Kingdom as a statutory corporation.

Under the British Aerospace Act 1980 (c. 26), on 1 January the statutory corporation was transferred a public limited company (plc), under the name "British Aerospace Public Limited Company", on 2 January 1981. BAe was privatised. In February 1981, 51.6% shares of the company were sold. The public sale was 3.5 times subscribed. At the end of the first day's trading, share prices were 14% above the original offer price. In May 1985 the other 48.4% shares were sold; this sale was 5.4 times subscribed and the first day closing price was 11% above the initial offer price. The British Government maintained a £1 golden share, which allowed it to veto foreign control of the board or company.
For other uses, see Line (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Lime.
A **line** is the path of one point that is moving. A line is a type of geometric figure. A line has length, but no width. A line is made up of an endless number of points.

Straight and curved lines
-------------------------

This is a line that curves
A line can be straight or curved. In geometry, the word *line* means a *straight line*. A straight line is the shortest distance between two points. A straight line is traced by a point moving in a direction that does not change.

A *curved line* is sometimes called a curve. The edge of a circle is not straight. It is an example of a curve.

Line segments
-------------

A *line segment* is part of a line. Here are examples of straight line segments:

  


---

\_\_\_\_\_   \_\_

---

Naming lines
------------

Lines can get their names from any two points on the line. For example, if a line contains two different points, named {\displaystyle A} and {\displaystyle B}, then the line can be called either {\displaystyle {\overleftrightarrow {AB}}}, or {\displaystyle {\overleftrightarrow {BA}}}.

Sometimes, lines are named with just one symbol. A letter such as {\displaystyle \ell } might be used.

Two lines
---------

Two lines can be:

* Parallel: Two lines are parallel if they are on the same plane and they never touch.
* Concurrent: Two lines are concurrent if they touch on one point.
* Coincident: Two lines are coincident if they are made of the same points.
* Perpendicular: Two lines are perpendicular if they make four right angles where they touch.
* Skew: In Euclidean space, two lines are skew if they are not parallel but they never touch.

Related pages
-------------

* Linear function
* Point (geometry)
* Plane (mathematics)
A fan moves air.
**Air** is the Earth's atmosphere. Air is a mixture of many gases and tiny dust particles. It is the clear gas in which living things live and breathe. It has an indefinite shape and volume. It has mass and weight, because it is matter. The weight of air creates atmospheric pressure. There is no air in outer space.

Earth's atmosphere is composed of about 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, 0.9 percent argon, and 0.1 percent other gases.

Animals live and need to breathe the oxygen in the atmosphere. In breathing, the lungs put oxygen into the blood, and send back carbon dioxide to the air. Plants need the carbon dioxide in the air to live. They give off the oxygen that we breathe. Without it we die of asphyxia.

Air can be polluted by some gases (such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides), smoke, and ash. This air pollution causes various problems including smog, acid rain and global warming. It can damage people's health and the environment. There are debates about whether or not to act upon climate change, but soon enough the Earth will heat up to much, causing our home to become too hot and not support life! Some say fewer people would die of cold weather, and that is true but there is already a huge amount of people dying from heat and that number is and will keep increasing at a frighting height.

Since early times, air has been used to create technology. Ships moved with sails and windmills used the mechanical motion of air. Aircraft use propellers to move air over a wing, which allows them to fly. Pneumatics use air pressure to move things. Since the late 1900s, air power is also used to generate electricity.

Air is invisible: it cannot be seen by the eye, though a shimmering in hot air can be seen.

Air is one of the 4 classical elements. (Water, Air, Earth and Fire)

Main history
------------

### *Original atmosphere*

At first it was mainly a hydrogen atmosphere. It has changed dramatically on several occasions—for example, the Great Oxygenation Event 2.4 billion years ago, greatly increased oxygen in the atmosphere from practically no oxygen to levels closer to present day. Humans have also contributed to significant changes in atmospheric composition through air pollution, especially since industrialisation, leading to rapid environmental change such as ozone depletion and global warming.

### Second atmosphere

Out gassing from volcanism, supplemented by gases produced during the late heavy bombardment of Earth by huge asteroids, produced the next atmosphere, consisting largely of nitrogen plus carbon dioxide and inert gases.

### Third atmosphere

Oxygen content of the atmosphere over the last billion years
The constant re-arrangement of continents by plate tectonics influences the long-term evolution of the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide was transferred to and from large continental carbonate stores. Free oxygen did not exist in the atmosphere until about 2.4 billion years ago. The Great Oxygenation Event is shown by the end of the banded iron formations.

Related pages
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* Air pollution
* Air craft
Achilles binding the wounds of his friend Patroclos Wellcome L0028166
**Achilles** (Ancient Greek: Ἀχιλλεύς, *Akhilleus*) was a hero of the Trojan War and is the main character of Homer's *Iliad*. The son of the mortal hero Peleus and the Nereid Thetis, he is the leader of the Myrmidons, and is described as the greatest of all the Achaean warriors. The *Iliad*, which is set in the ninth year of the Trojan War, starts with a quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon, the commander of the Greek forces.

Achilles' most notable feat during the Trojan War was his slaying the Trojan prince Hector outside the gates of Troy, as revenge against Hector for killing his lover, Patroclus.p53 While Achilles' death is not presented in the *Iliad* (as the poem ends with Hector's funeral), other sources concur that he was killed near the end of the war by Paris, who shot him in the heel with an arrow.

Legend
------

Later stories depict Achilles as being invulnerable in all of his body except for his heel, as that is where his mother Thetis held him when she dipped him in the River Styx as an infant. As such, the term "Achilles' heel" has come to mean a point of fatal weakness. Because of that, his heel was still vulnerable. However, the *Iliad* does not say this.

According to the legend, Achilles was killed by Paris, who shot his heel with a poisoned arrow. Achilles was shot many times by the arrows of Paris but the only arrow found on his body was through his heel.
**Lisa Madigan** (born July 30, 1966) was the 41st Attorney General of the US state of Illinois from 2003, when she became the first female attorney general for Illinois, until 2019.

She is a Democrat and the daughter of Michael Madigan, who has been Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives for most of the last 50 years.

On December 12, 2008, she attracted national attention after filing a motion with the Supreme Court of Illinois to remove Governor Rod Blagojevich from office. The motion was denied by the court without a hearing.

Madigan was born on July 30, 1966 in Chicago, Illinois. She studied at Georgetown University and at Loyola University Chicago School of Law. Madigan has been married to Pat Byrnes.

She was once said by *The New York Times* to be among the seventeen most likely women to become the first female President of the United States.

On July 14, 2013 Madigan, who was widely expected to run, announced she would not run for governor in 2014 because of her father’s decision to stay in his post as speaker of the Illinois House, but that she would run for reelection instead.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Lisa Madigan at Wikimedia Commons

* Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan *official government website*
	+ Biography
* Lisa Madigan for Attorney General *official campaign website*
The **Franco-Siamese crisis** of 1893, known in Thailand as the **Incident of Rattanakosin Era 112** (Thai: วิกฤตการณ์ ร.ศ. 112, RTGS: *wikrittakan roso-roisipsong*, [wí krít tàʔ kaːn rɔː sɔ̌ː rɔ́ːj sìp sɔ̌ːŋ]) was a conflict between the French Third Republic and the Kingdom of Siam. Auguste Pavie, French vice consul in Luang Prabang in 1886, was the chief agent in furthering French interests in Laos. His intrigues, which took advantage of Siamese weakness in the region and periodic invasions by Vietnamese rebels from Tonkin, increased tensions between Bangkok and Paris. The conflict concluded with the Paknam Incident, in which French gunboats sailed up the Chao Phraya River to blockade Bangkok. The Siamese subsequently agreed to cede the area that constitutes most of present-day Laos to France, an act that led to the significant expansion of French Indochina.

This conflict succeeded the Haw wars (1865–1890), in which the Siamese attempted to pacify northern Siam and Tonkin.