recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
The **Kia Tigers** is a professional baseball team in South Korea. The team started in 1982 with the name of Haitai Tigers. Haitai sold the team to Kia in 2001. They won the Korean Series 9 times as Haitai Tigers (1983, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1997). They won again in 2009 and 2017. Winning 11 times is the top record among all Korean baseball teams. They never lost the Korean Series so far.

Their main stadium was the Mudeung Baseball Stadium in Gwangju from 1982 to 2013, and is now the Gwangju-Kia Champions Field, also in Gwangju.

History
-------

### 1982 - 1997

The Haitai Tigers was the third professional baseball team in Korea, following OB Bears (currently Doosan Bears) and MBC Blue Dragons (currently LG Twins). It started on January 30, 1982 with only 14 players and the manager. In 1983, the team hired Kim Eung-ryong as manager and they won the Korean Series for the first time.

After the team signed Sun Dong-yeol in 1985, the Haitai Tigers Dynasty started. They won the Korean Series for 4 straight years (1986-1989). Another superstar, Lee Jong-beom, made his debut in 1993. He won the Korean Series MVP in his debut season. From 1982 to 1997, the team won the Korean Series 9 times.

### 1998 - 2000

Because of the financial problem of Haitai company, the team started to sell many good players including Lee Jong-beom and Lim Chang-yong.

### 2001 - Now

Kia took over the baseball team and the name was changed to Kia Tigers. Lee Jong-beom returned from Japan and he was retired in 2012. In 2005, the Kia Tigers ended the season in the lowest place for the first time ever. However, in 2009, the team won the Korean Series with Na Ji-wan's dramatic walk-off home-run in the last game. It was the first victory after 1997 and as Kia Tigers. In 2012, Sun Dong-yeol, the legendary superstar in Tigers, became the manager of the team, but failed to make the team reach the postseason for 3 years.

Key players
-----------

Pitchers: Yoon Suk-min, Seo Jae-Weong, Kim Jin-woo

Field Players: Lee Yong-kyu, Choi Hee-seop, Lee Bum-ho
Waskhar, the 12th Inca emperor
**Inti Cusi Huallpa Huáscar,** or "Sun of Joy" lived in 1503–1532 and was emperor of the Inca empire from 1527 to 1532 AD, He succeeded his father Huayna Capac and brother Ninan Cuyochi. Both of whom died of smallpox while they fought near Quito. 

On the death of their father and their older brother, the empire was divided between the two surviving brothers, Huáscar and Atahualpa. Huascar got the major part of it with the capital Cusco, and Atahualpa the northern parts, including Quito (now the capital of Ecuador). For a couple of years, the two brothers reigned without problems. Huascar demanded that Atahuallpa swear an oath to him. Atahuallpa refused and the civil war began. Atahualpa's commander lead armies of 100,000 men. About 60,000 men supported Huáscar. This demonstrates the numerical potential of Incan armies. The war was uncompleted, but Atahualpa had a clear advantage when Francisco Pizarro arrived. It was partly due to this civil war that Francisco Pizarro was successful.
**John Flamsteed** FRS (19 August 1646 – 31 December 1719) was an English astronomer. He was the first Astronomer Royal, appointed in 1675.

Flamsteed calculated the solar eclipses of 1666 and 1668.

He was responsible for several of the earliest recorded sightings of the planet Uranus, which he mistook for a star and catalogued as '34 Tauri'. The first of these was in December 1690, which remains the earliest known sighting of Uranus by an astronomer.

Star catalogue and atlas
------------------------

Flamsteed is also remembered for his conflicts with Isaac Newton, the President of the Royal Society at the time. Flamsteed was refusing to publish work commissioned by the king, so in 1712 Newton and Edmond Halley published a preliminary version of Flamsteed's *Historia Coelestis Britannica*. They did so *without crediting the author*.

Some years later, Flamsteed managed to buy many copies of the book, and publicly burnt them in front of the Royal Observatory. However, the numerical star designations in this book are still used and are known as Flamsteed designations.

In 1725 Flamsteed's own version of *Historia Coelestis Britannica* was published posthumously, edited by his wife Margaret. This contained Flamsteed's observations, and included a catalogue of 2,935 stars to much greater accuracy than any previous work. This was considered the first significant contribution of the Greenwich Observatory. In 1729 his wife published his *Atlas Coelestis*, assisted by Joseph Crosthwait and Abraham Sharp, who were responsible for the technical side.

Further reading
---------------

* *The correspondence of John Flamsteed, the first Astronomer Royal.* 1995-2002. Compiled and edited by Eric G. Forbes, Lesley Murdin and Frances Willmoth. Bristol: Institute of Physics. ISBN 0750301473 (v1); ISBN 0-7503-0391-3 (v2) ; ISBN 0-7503-0763-3 (v3)
* *The Gresham lectures of John Flamsteed*. 1975. edited and introduced by Eric G. Forbes. London: Mansell. ISBN 0-7201-0518-8
* *Newton's tyranny: the suppressed scientific discoveries of Stephen Gray and John Flamsteed.* 2001. David H. Clark & Stephen H.P. Clark. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-4701-4
**John Francis Winslow** (December 19, 1802 – July 7, 1874) was an American soldier and politician.

Early life and career
---------------------

A sketch of John Winslow from 1849
John Winslow was born on December 19, 1802 in Woodstock, Vermont. His mother was Lucy Winslow, and his father was Samuel Winslow. In May, 1807, his parents moved from Woodstock to a log cabin in a forest 2.75 miles away from the city of Watertown, New York. He lived in the cabin for most of his life, but he moved away on January 7, 1870. He did not have a lot of education, but he went to Lowville Academy in Lowville, New York for one term.

On January 19, 1826, Winslow became ensign of the 76th Infantry Regiment. In 1827 he was promoted lieutenant, and on September 26, 1828, he was promoted to captain. On November 6, 1849 he became a member of the 73rd New York State Legislature, in the first district, as a democrat. In 1853 he became president of the Jefferson County Agricultural Society.

Personal life and death
-----------------------

John Winslow's gravestone in Brookside Cemetery in Watertown, New York
On October 18, 1827, John Winslow married Betsey Collins. John and Betsey had five children, Bradley, Norris, Betsey, Lucy, and Jennie. Betsey died in 1843. John married Sarah Bates on May 23, 1844. John and Sarah had one son. John Winslow died on July 7, 1874, in the city of Watertown from congestion. He was buried in Brookside Cemetery in Watertown, New York.

Other websites
--------------

"John Winslow". Find a Grave. Retrieved August 23, 2022. Edit this at Wikidata
The Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine gun: a favourite with law enforcement and the military.
The latest version: MP7A1, fitted with a suppressor (less noise), extended magazine (more rounds), and a reflex sight (better aiming)
The **MP series** is a "personal defence weapon" (PDW) made by Heckler & Koch in Germany. It is one of the most popular submachine guns in the world. It is used by many different militaries and counter-terrorism and police groups.

MP5
---

The main version of the MP5, the **MP5A2**, uses 9mm pistol ammunition and shoots 800 rounds per minute, which is about thirteen rounds per second. The normal magazine size (how many bullets it holds at once) is 30 or 15 rounds.

There are many other versions of the gun, some which use different caliber bullets, are shorter, or have other differences. One important type of MP5 is the **MP5SD** series, which are MP5s with built in suppressors ('silencers'). The MP5SDs are quieter than most guns and can be used for stealth. The MP5 is used by many special forces groups around the world, including the United States Navy Seals and British SAS.

Since it is used by many heroes in pop culture, it is sometimes called the "good guy gun."

### Main versions

* MP5
* MP5K (K=*kurz*: German for short)
* MP5SD (SD=*Schalldämpfer*: German for suppressor)

MP7
---

The MP7 is the updated MP5. It was designed with a new cartridge with higher muzzle velocity to meet NATO requirements published in 1989. A modern PDW needs greater ability to defeat body armour, because former weapons used only conventional pistol cartridges. The MP7 went into production in 2001. It is a direct rival to the Belgian FN P90, also developed in response to NATO's requirement. The MP7 has been revised since its introduction and the current production version is the MP7A1.
Provost and Lassie in 1962
***Lassie*** is a dramatic children's television series. It was televised on CBS from September 12, 1954 to March 24, 1973. The series is about the adventures of a collie and her human and animal friends.

The show was the brainchild of television producer Robert Maxwell and animal trainer Rudd Weatherwax. They created a story about a struggling midwestern farm family and its dog. Weatherwax's dog actor Pal was chosen to play the title character. Pal had played Lassie in the seven MGM movies about the dog character. Pal made the two pilots for the television series, and then retired. The television Lassies that followed were all descendants of Pal, all were male, and all were trained by Weatherwax.

In 1957, oil millionaire Jack Wrather took over the show as producer. He guided it through its greatest years with his wife Bonita Granville Wrather. The first ten years of the series are set on a farm in the American midwest. These years focus on the relationship between Lassie and a young farm boy. The next seven years are about the dog and her Forest Ranger friends. In the last two years, Lassie lives at a home for troubled children. The show was famous for its "Whistle Theme" by Muzzy Marcellino. The Campbell's Soup Company sponsored the show's entire 19-year run. Spin-off merchandise was produced for children such as comic books, play sets, and clothing. The show won two Emmy Awards in its early years.

The show had a large cast over the years. Tommy Rettig played the farm boy for the first three years. Jon Provost became the farm boy in 1957 when Rettig left the show. Jan Clayton played Rettig's mother and June Lockhart played Provost's. Hugh Reilly played Provost's father. Both actresses were nominated for Emmys. The show had its best ratings during the Provost years of the early 1960s. Some episodes from these years were put together to make a color adventure movie for theatres.

Provost left the show in 1964. A new story was developed that took Lassie off the farm. She became the friend of three Forest Rangers. They all had adventures in America's most beautiful natural areas such as Monument Valley and Alaska. In the early 1970s, new rulings about prime time were handed down by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). These rulings meant that *Lassie* would be moved to the 8 pm time slot. *Lassie* had been shown for nineteen years in the 7 pm time slot. Producers felt that this move would not work for the show's child audience. The show was cancelled. Since the cancellation, *Lassie* has played in reruns and has never been off the air.
*Gladiolus imbricatus*: a spike
*Lamium orvala*
A single 'sunflower' is a composite of many tiny flowers, a *pseudanthium*.
A catkin of the grey alder
An **inflorescence** is a flowering stem. The term is most used for a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem. An inflorescence is the reproductive portion of a plant; each plant bears its flowers in a specific pattern.

Whereas gymnosperms are mostly wind-pollinated, flowering plants are mostly pollinated by insects. There are some exceptions to this, for instance grasses are wind-pollinated. However, as a general rule, flowering plants rely on animals for their pollination.

Most flowers are pollinated by animals, usually insects. To be pollinated, *a flower needs to be seen*. Most insects have good colour vision, including vision in the ultra-violet (which humans do not have).
That is the reason many flowers have attractive colours. 

Sometimes there is just a close bunch of flowers (e.g. *Antirrhinum*) on a *spike*. Sometimes the inflorescence is so tight it looks like one single flower. What you see as a single daisy is actually made of several hundred tiny flowers packed together. This kind of inflorescence is called a **pseudanthium** ("false flower").

Advantages
----------

The advantages of the inflorescence mode is all about reproduction compared to a single primitive flower of the *Magnolia* type.

NumbersThere may be dozens or even hundreds of flowers in an inflorescence, with many seeds or fruits for each flowering.
PollinationIncreased pollination is an important bonus. Massing flowers together makes them more visible to pollinating insects and birds.
Seed or fruit dispersalDispersal by wind or animals is improved by having the flowers at the top end of a stem.
* A racemeA raceme
* A spikeA spike
* Catkin (racemose or spicate)Catkin (racemose or spicate)
* A spadixA spadix
* Head (round)Head (round)
* UmbelUmbel
* Compound capitulumCompound capitulum
* Compound (triple) umbelCompound (triple) umbel
* PaniclePanicle

Related pages
-------------

* Multiple fruit
An umpire calls an infield fly.
The infield fly rule is a special rule in baseball that makes it so the batter is out even if the ball is not caught. The point of the rule is to stop the defensive team from getting an easy double play by dropping the ball on purpose. Because the rule is called only at a certain case, it doesn't happen all the time so it can be confusing to people who are new to baseball or don’t know the rule.

Background
----------

Suppose the batter hits the ball into the air over the field, which is a pop up or fly ball. Normally, a defensive player can try and catch it before it hits the ground. If the ball is caught, then the batter is out. Any runners that tried to run to the next base must go back and touch the base they were on before, known as "tagging up". Once the runner has tagged up, he can try to run to the next base, but most of the time the offensive players play it safe and stay. If the runner does not tag up, the defensive team can have a player who is holding the ball tag the base. This will "double off" the runner and he will be called out. If the batted ball touches the ground first or is dropped, then the runner does not need to tag up and can try and run to the next base.

Rule
----

The umpire can call an infield fly when all this is true:

* There are less than two outs.
* There is already a runner on first and second base, or, if the bases are loaded.
* The hit ball is a pop up over the infield (the area of the field with the four bases) and it does not go foul.

The words in the rule book for calling an infield fly are "ordinary effort". Ordinary effort means that a player should normally be able to catch the ball without too much trouble. The umpire's job is to decide if the ball can be caught with ordinary effort.
The umpire will then call an infield fly by saying "infield fly, batter's out" or "infield fly if fair". The batter is automatically out even if the ball is dropped, and the runners must tag up.

Reason
------

If there was no infield fly rule, then the runners would have a problem. If the ball is caught, then they have to go back and tag up. But if the ball is not caught, then it immediately turns into a force play and they have to run to the next base. The defensive team could drop the ball on purpose and easily tag out the runners, getting a double or even triple play. The infield fly rule gets rid of this problem by letting the runners stay at their bases without having to wait and see if the ball will be caught.
Harrison takes the oath of office
The **inauguration of Benjamin Harrison** as the 23rd president of the United States happened on March 4, 1889. It was the start of the only term of Benjamin Harrison as president and Levi P. Morton as vice president.

A public ceremony happened on the East Portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. The event was the 26th presidential inauguration. Chief Justice Melville Fuller administered the oath of office to Harrison. John James Ingalls administered the vice presidential oath of office to Morton.

The inauguration happened during a rainstorm in Washington D.C. Harrison's speech was short, and he spoke about the growth of the United States due to education and religion. He also told the states that harvested cotton and did mining to use the industrial technology the eastern part of the United States had. Harrison also talked about the territories to become US states, and for a raise in pension for veterans. He also talked about the Monroe Doctrine, as well as wanting a better and more modern Navy.

John Philip Sousa's band played at the Inaugural Ball. After the inauguration, Harrison stated his desire for an office separate from the White House, saying "There is only a door – one that is never locked – between the president's office and what are not very accurately called his private apartments. There should be an executive office building, not too far away, but wholly distinct from the dwelling house. For everyone else in the public service there is an unroofed space between the bedroom and the desk."

Other websites
--------------

* Text of Benjamin Harrison's Inaugural Address


Wikisource has original writing related to this article:
**Benjamin Harrison's Inaugural Address**

| * v
* t
* e
United States presidential inaugurations |
| --- |
| 
* Washington (1789)
* Washington (1793)
* J. Adams (1797)
* Jefferson (1801)
* Jefferson (1805)
* Madison (1809)
* Madison (1813)
* Monroe (1817)
* Monroe (1821)
* J. Q. Adams (1825)
* Jackson (1829)
* Jackson (1833)
* Van Buren (1837)
* W. H. Harrison (1841)
* Tyler (1841)\*
* Polk (1845)
* Taylor (1849)
* Fillmore (1850)\*
* Pierce (1853)
* Buchanan (1857)
* Lincoln (1861)
* Lincoln (1865)
* A. Johnson (1865)\*
* Grant (1869)
* Grant (1873)
* Hayes (1877)
* Garfield (1881)
* Arthur (1881)\*
* Cleveland (1885)
* B. Harrison (1889)
* Cleveland (1893)
* McKinley (1897)
* McKinley (1901)
* T. Roosevelt (1901)\*
* T. Roosevelt (1905)
* Taft (1909)
* Wilson (1913)
* Wilson (1917)
* Harding (1921)
* Coolidge (1923)\*
* Coolidge (1925)
* Hoover (1929)
* F. D. Roosevelt (1933)
* F. D. Roosevelt (1937)
* F. D. Roosevelt (1941)
* F. D. Roosevelt (1945)
* Truman (1945)\*
* Truman (1949)
* Eisenhower (1953)
* Eisenhower (1957)
* Kennedy (1961)
* L. B. Johnson (1963)\*
* L. B. Johnson (1965)
* Nixon (1969)
* Nixon (1973)
* Ford (1974)\*
* Carter (1977)
* Reagan (1981)
* Reagan (1985)
* G. H. W. Bush (1989)
* Clinton (1993)
* Clinton (1997)
* G. W. Bush (2001)
* G. W. Bush (2005)
* Obama (2009)
* Obama (2013)
* Trump (2017)
* Biden (2021)

 |  |
| \*Non-scheduled (extraordinary) inaugurations |
Paso doble on ice: Luca Lanotte & Anna Cappellini. Notice the style
A lift in ice dancing (Free Dance section). Notice the body shaping
**Ice dancing** is a form of figure skating related to ballroom dancing. Its first competition was at the World Figure Skating Championships in 1952, but it did not become a Winter Olympic Games medal sport until 1976. As in pair skating, dancers compete as a couple, a man and a woman. 

Ice dancing is different from pair skating because it limits the figures to those which are imitative of dance. Skaters must stay close together, and may not perform jumps. There are set dances, in which the style must be appropriate for the type of dance, and there is a Free Dance section which allows lifts up to shoulder level.

Ice dancing is the only form of figure skating to allow vocal music in official competitions.

Other websites
--------------

* Ice-dance.com
* Care to Ice Dance? Archived 2007-09-02 at the Wayback Machine
* Ice Dancers Online[*permanent dead link*]
* ISU Home - International Skating Union website
An inductor.
In physics, and electronics, the **henry** (symbol **H**) is the SI unit of inductance. It is named after Joseph Henry (1797–1878), the American scientist who discovered electromagnetic induction. (In England, Michael Faraday (1791–1867) discovered the same thing independently. They discovered it at about the same time.) The magnetic permeability of a complete vacuum is 4π×10−7 H/m (henry per meter).

The National Institute of Standards and Technology provides guidance for American users of SI to write the plural as henries. People do not capitalize unit names.

Definition
----------

If the rate of change of current in a circuit is one ampere per second and the resulting electromotive force is one volt, then the inductance of the circuit is one henry. Other equivalent combinations of SI units are as follows:

{\displaystyle {\mbox{H}}={\dfrac {{\mbox{m}}^{2}\cdot {\mbox{kg}}}{{\mbox{s}}^{2}\cdot {\mbox{A}}^{2}}}={\dfrac {\mbox{J}}{{\mbox{A}}^{2}}}={\dfrac {\mbox{Wb}}{\mbox{A}}}={\dfrac {{\mbox{m}}^{2}\cdot {\mbox{T}}}{\mbox{A}}}={\dfrac {{\mbox{s}}^{2}}{\mbox{F}}}={\dfrac {{\mbox{V}}\cdot {\mbox{s}}}{\mbox{A}}}={\dfrac {{\mbox{J/C}}\cdot {\mbox{s}}}{\mbox{C/s}}}={\dfrac {{\mbox{J}}\cdot {\mbox{s}}^{2}}{{\mbox{C}}^{2}}}={\dfrac {{\mbox{m}}^{2}\cdot {\mbox{kg}}}{{\mbox{C}}^{2}}}=\Omega \cdot {\mbox{s}}}
where

A = ampere
  
C = coulomb
  
F = farad
  
J = joule
  
kg = kilogram
  
m = meter
  
s = second
  
Wb = weber
  
T = tesla
  
V = volt
  
Ω = ohm

Related pages
-------------

* Electrical impedance
* Inductor
* weber (unit)
Inuit seal hunter in a kayak, armed with a harpoon.
Structure of an Inuit kayak
modern kayak
A **kayak** is a small boat that is driven by manpower. It typically has a covered deck, and a cockpit covered by a spraydeck. It is propelled by a double-bladed paddle by a sitting paddler. The kayak was used by the native Ainu, Inuit, Aleut and Eskimo hunters in sub-Arctic regions of northeastern Asia, North America and Greenland. Modern kayaks come in a wide variety of designs and materials for specialized purposes.

Kayaks typically are built for one, two or occasionally three paddlers who sit facing forward in one or more cockpits below the deck of the boat. The spray skirt or similar waterproof garment attaches securely to the edges of the cockpit, so that no water from waves or spray may enter the boat. Therefore, in most styles the boat can roll upright again without it filling with water or ejecting the paddler.

Kayaks differ distinctly in design and history from canoes, which are craft propelled by single-bladed paddles by a kneeling paddler, although some modern canoes may be difficult for a non-expert to distinguish from a kayak. Kayaks are often called canoes in Great Britain and Ireland.

Other websites
--------------

* USA Canoe and Kayak The National Governing Body of Kayaking in the USA
* WaveTalk.com Archived 2007-01-02 at the Wayback Machine A collection of articles about traditional and modern kayak design, ergonomics and biomechanics of kayaking and various kayak applications.
* Kayak design Archived 2006-12-05 at the Wayback Machine A series of articles about kayak and paddle design.
* The Kayaking Journal
* Qajaq USA, A non-profit committed to promoting Greenland style kayaking
* British Canoe Union The National Governing Body of Kayaking in the UK
* Wikipaddle Archived 2009-02-27 at the Wayback Machine - kayak and canoe wiki - focus is on places to paddle.
* KayakWiki Archived 2006-12-14 at the Wayback Machine - A wiki focused primarily on kayak techniques and construction
* International Human Powered Vehicle Association website - information on peddle kayaks


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Kayak***.
**Haploid** is the term used when a cell has half the usual number of chromosomes. A normal eukaryote organism is composed of diploid cells, one set of chromosomes from each parent. However, after meiosis, the number of chromosomes in gametes is halved. That is the haploid condition.

In humans, the diploid number of chromosomes is 46 (2x23). The number in haploid cells (sperm and eggs) is 23. Some types of animals are haploid, such as male Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps). This is a special genetic system called haplodiploidy.

Some plants and animals are polyploid, with more than two sets of chromosomes. For example, one species of wheat is hexaploid, with six sets of chromosomes, although other species of wheat have only two sets. Because so many organisms are diploid, it can become confusing whether haploid refers to one set of chromosomes or more than one. The special term **monoploid** can be used; it means one set of chromosomes.

Related pages
-------------

* Cell division
* Meiosis
* Karyotype
* Ploidy
**Hapkido** (Hangul: 합기도; Hanja: 合氣道) is a Korean martial art.

To simple sight it is a combination of techniques of taekwondo with others of aikibudo. Its teaching is very much focused to the self-defence.

History
-------

The history of hapkido is enough confused, but many resources believe it to be the work of two Koreans: Choi Yong Sul (1904-1986) and Ji Han Jae (1936-). When was child, Choi had been in Japan, where it seems that he worked as servant for the master of Daito ryu Aiki jutsu, Sokaku Takeda.

Choi had demonstrated qualities in Daito-ryu Aiki-jutsu and often in Takeda they sent him in order to face with other persons who performed martial arts. From his return to Korea, Choi had begun to give classes of martial arts. One of his students, Ji Han Jae, had made Korean traditional techniques of kicks and punches (obtained from taekkyon and from hwarangdo) a part of the collection of techniques and in result he gave it the name of hapkido in the 1959.

Besides of Choi and Ji, many schools of Korean martial arts have taken part in the development of several techniques that have helped in causing such hapkido as it is known it.

Other websites
--------------

* (in Spanish) Sin Moo Hapkido in Spain
* Official Website
* (in Spanish) Spanish Association Yang Hum Kwan Hapkido Archived 2008-05-03 at the Wayback Machine
* (in French) Official Website Sin Moo Hapkido in France Archived 2008-06-30 at the Wayback Machine
* (in Spanish) Site of the Hapki Yu Kwon Sul of Land of Basques Archived 2021-02-25 at the Wayback Machine
* Official Website of the Cheong Kyum Association Archived 2010-02-09 at the Wayback Machine
Seal of the U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission
The **Interstate Commerce Commission** (**ICC**) was a regulatory agency in the United States (created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887). The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads. Later the trucking industry in the United States was added. The purpose was to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers. This included public transport bus service and telephone companies. Congress expanded ICC authority to regulate other modes of commerce beginning in 1906. The agency was abolished in 1995, and its remaining functions were transferred to the Surface Transportation Board.

The Commission's five members were appointed by the President of the United States. They were confirmed by the United States Senate. The commission was authorized to investigate violations of the Act and stop any wrongdoing. However, in its early years, ICC orders required an order by a federal court to become effective. The Commission was the first Independent regulatory body. They were also the first agency to regulate big businesses in the U.S.
**Jorge Guillén y Álvarez** (January 18, 1893 – February 6, 1984) was a Spanish poet, a member of the Generation of '27.

Biography
---------

Jorge Guillén was born in Valladolid. His life paralleled that of his friend Pedro Salinas, whom he succeeded as a Spanish teaching assistant at the Collège de Sorbonne in the University of Paris from 1917 to 1923. He was also a professor at the University of Murcia from 1925 to 1929, the University of Oxford from 1929 to 1931, and the University of Seville from 1932 to 1938. Exiled, he was forced to establish himself in the United States to continue his postsecondary teaching. He was a professor of Spanish at Wellesley College from 1941 to 1967. He retired to Italy, where he married for the second time. He later moved to the city of Málaga. In 1977, he was awarded the Miguel de Cervantes Prize, one of the most prestigious prizes for Spanish-language writers. He died in Málaga in 1984, age 91.

Other websites
--------------

* (in Spanish) The Jorge Guillén Foundation Archived 2006-06-21 at the Wayback Machine
* (in Spanish) Poetry of Jorge Guillén
**John Anthony Panozzo** (September 20, 1948 – July 16, 1996) was an American drummer. He was best known for his work with rock band Styx.

Career
------

Panozzo grew up in Chicago, Illinois. He had a fraternal twin brother, Chuck. At age 7, the twins took musical lessons from their uncle. John took an interest in drums and percussion. They attended Catholic school. They were part of a 3-piece accordion band in which John played drums and Chuck played guitar. They would play weddings at age 12 and were paid $15 apiece.

Styx
----

In 1961 John, Chuck, and their neighbor, Dennis DeYoung, formed a band called the Tradewinds.John played drums, Chuck played guitar, and Dennis played the accordion and sang. They played at bars and began gaining popularity as a garage band on the South Side of Chicago. In 1968, Chuck switched to bass. They added guitarists/vocalists James "J.Y." Young and John Curulewski and changed the name of the band to TW4. The band signed to Wooden Nickel Records and changed their name to Styx.

Death
-----

By the early 1990s his health suffered from heavy drinking. He took a less active role with Styx. In 1996 he was replaced by Todd Sucherman for the reunion tour. He was found dead in his home a few days later. He died from cirrhosis of the liver.
**Joss Stone** (born Jocelyn Eve Stoker on 11 April 1987) is a British soul singer-songwriter and actress. She was born in Dover, Kent and spent her teenage years in Ashill, Mid Devon. She still lives in Mid Devon. Stone became famous in late 2003 with her album *The Soul Sessions*. It was nominated for the Mercury Prize. Stone's first single "Fell in Love with a Boy" was released in 2004. It reached number 18 in the UK Singles Chart. "You Had Me" was released as the first single from Stone's second album. It is Stone's most successful single. She sang on the 2004 number one Christmas single "Do They Know It's Christmas?" as part of Band Aid 20. Her second album *Mind Body & Soul* went straight to number one in the UK Albums Chart. Stone sung on "Anniversary" on Lemar's 2006 album *The Truth About Love*. Stone's third album *Introducing Joss Stone* was released in 2007. It was produced by Raphael Saadiq. Stone won Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for her cover of "Family Affair" with John Legend and Van Hunt. In 2009 Stone's fourth album *Colour Me Free!* was released. Stone sang on the song "Who's Your Daddy" on Ringo Starr's 2010 album *Y Not*. In 2011 *LP1* was released. In 2012 *The Soul Sessions Vol.2* was released by Stone'd Records.

Discography
-----------

* *The Soul Sessions* (2003)
* *Mind Body & Soul* (2004)
* *Introducing Joss Stone* (2007)
* *Colour Me Free!* (2009)
* *LP1* (2011)
* *The Best of Joss Stone 2003–2009* (2011)
* *The Soul Sessions Vol. 2* (2012)
* *Water for Your Soul* (2015)

Other websites
--------------

* Joss Stone on IMDb
* Official website
Kim Yu-Na performs the Ina Bauer
An **Ina Bauer** is a figure skating element. It is named after a figure skater from Germany named Ina Bauer, who invented the position.

The Ina Bauer is performed by placing the feet in the fourth position in ballet. The front leg is bent forwards at the knee and the back leg is extended behind the skater. The front leg can be either on an inside edge or an outside edge. An outside edge Ina Bauer is harder to do. While the skater skates in a curve across the ice (necessary because of the skate positions), the back can be bent backwards. This is not mandatory, but it does add to the element.

The Ina Bauer is a famous move in Japan because it was performed by Shizuka Arakawa during her long program at the 2006 Winter Olympics, which she won. Because she bends back so far during the move, the term in Japanese has come to mean anything having to do with bending backwards.

Other websites
--------------

* See *Ina Bauer* element Archived 2005-11-10 at the Wayback Machine (MPG)
* Read more about *Ina Bauer* Archived 2007-05-10 at the Wayback Machine
**James Newton Howard** (born June 9, 1951) is an American composer. He is best known for his scores to movies. A score is the music that is heard during a movie. He has written the music for over 100 movies. He is now one of the most well-known composers for movies.

He has eight Academy Award nominations. Some of Howard's best known movie scores include *The Prince of Tides* (1991), *The Fugitive* (1993), *Dinosaur* (2000), *King Kong* (2005), *Batman Begins*, *I Am Legend* (2007) *The Dark Knight* (2008). Recent movies include *Green Lantern* (2011), *The Hunger Games* (2012), *Snow White and the Huntsman* (2012), and *The Bourne Legacy* (2012). 

Howard is also known for working with director M. Night Shyamalan. He has scored all Shyamalan's movies since *The Sixth Sense* (1999).

From 1986 to 1987, Howard was married to actress Rosanna Arquette.

Influences
----------

Howard stated composers like John Williams, Reginald Stewart, Eric Coates, Marty Paich, Max Steiner, Elmer Bernstein, Jimmy Van Heusen, Maurice Jarre, Jerry Goldsmith, Lalo Schifrin and John Barry as influences.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to James Newton Howard at Wikimedia Commons

* James Newton Howard on IMDb
James H. Lane, Senator and Union General; a leading Jayhawker
**Jayhawkers** is a term that came into use just before the American Civil War in Bleeding Kansas. It was adopted by militant bands of Free-Staters. These bands, known as "Jayhawkers", were guerrilla fighters who often clashed with pro-slavery groups from Missouri known at the time as "Border Ruffians". 

After the Civil War, the word "Jayhawker" became synonymous with the people of Kansas. Today a Jayhawk is typically a student, fan, or alumnus of the University of Kansas. "Jayhawk" is also the name of their mascot, a mythical bird with a history based on the Bleeding Kansas era term.

History
-------

The term was adopted as a nickname by a group of emigrants traveling to California in 1849. The origin of the term may go back as far as the Revolutionary War, when it was reportedly used to describe a group associated with American patriot John Jay.

About 1858 the slang term "jayhawking" became widely used as a synonym for stealing. It was also used at the same time during the Kansas territorial period. The term came to be used to describe militant bands nominally associated with the free-state cause.

Another historian of the time described the jayhawkers as bands of men that were willing to fight, kill, and rob for a variety of motives that included defense against pro-slavery. They fought "Border Ruffians" raiding into Kansas. In Missouri, "Jayhawker" was a derogatory term for Kansans who raided into Missouri, murdered slave owners, burned and looted their property in the name of freeing slaves.

Notorious Jayhawkers
--------------------

James Henry Lane , moved to Lawrence, Kansas in 1855. Despite being a Democrat he became affiliated with the Free-Staters. He soon became one of the leaders of the Jayhawkers. Later a Union General and U.S. Senator, he led the 3rd and 4th Kansas Volunteer Infantry and 5th Kansas Cavalry on raids into Missouri. They burned most of the town of Osceola, Missouri, stole everything they could and freed the slaves in the town.

Charles R. Jennison was the leader of the "Independent Mounted Kansas Jayhawkers", also known as the 7th Kansas Volunteer Cavalry, was another who led raids into Missouri. The regiment was officially termed the 7th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry, but was popularly known as Jennison's Jayhawkers.

University of Kansas
--------------------

In 1890, the football team of the University of Kansas called themselves the "Jayhawkers". Later it was shortened to "Jayhawk". They became synonymous with their mascot, a mythical bird called the Jayhawk. Their connections to the Jayhawkers of the Bleeding Kansas era and Civil War are a part of their history.
**Johnson County Community College** (JCCC) is a public community college in Overland Park in Johnson County, Kansas.

History
-------

In 1963, Johnson County Commissioners, recognizing the emerging community college movement and wanting to help the quickly growing population of Johnson County, Kansas, created a committee to determine if it's possible to create a community college in Johnson County.

The college was officially created due to a successful county election in March 1967. The campus was made possible in 1969 after Johnson County voters approved $12.9 million to be used to buy 200 acres of land in Overland Park. Construction started in 1970. Classes were moved to the new campus in the fall 1972.

Academics
---------

JCCC has many undergraduate credit courses that are similar to the first two years of most college curricula. Class sizes are usually 25 to 30 students.

The college has 926 faculty and staff. Another 1,451 people work as adjunct faculty or part-time staff. Most faculty members have master's degrees. Many of them have or are earning doctorates. Faculty and staff have won many awards for excellence.

Famous alumni
-------------

* Sharice Davids, U.S. House of Representatives from Kansas' 3rd congressional district

Other websites
--------------

* Official website

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* ISNI
* VIAF
* WorldCat Identities

 |
| National | 
* United States
* Czech Republic

 |
| Geographic | 
* MusicBrainz place

 |
The **Hardy–Weinberg law** was developed independently by an English mathematician, G.H. Hardy, and a German doctor, Wilhelm Weinberg. This concept is also known as the *Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium*, *Hardy–Weinberg theorem* or *Hardy–Weinberg principle*. Sometimes Weinberg's name is placed first. 

The law is a foundation of population genetics, and it is still taught to students today. It states that the proportions of alleles of all genes in any population will remain the same unless perturbed (disturbed). That applies to all loci on all chromosomes in the population. Possible perturbations are:

♦ gene mutation
♦ natural selection
♦ small population size where random effects like genetic drift and inbreeding may occur. H/W populations are assumed to be infinite in size.
♦ assortative mating instead of random mating. In effect, this would split the population down into small groups, see item above.
♦ migration into or out of the population under study.
It follows that any systematic change in the frequency of alleles in a population *must* be due to the effect of one or more of these causes. Of course, like all aspects of Mendelian inheritance, the expected proportions of alleles are probabilities. It was for that reason that statistical tests of significance, such as standard errors, were developed.

Although all changes must be due to perturbations, not all perturbations lead to changes. The classic case is balancing selection, such as heterozygote advantage: "Heterosis: the heterozygote at a locus is fitter than either homozygote". Balancing selection leads to an equilibrium population with Hardy–Weinberg proportions

Generalisation
--------------

The law permits the prediction of genotype frequencies from a knowledge of gene frequencies. 

If alleles **A** and **a** are in the proportions **p** and **q**, the three zygotic types **AA**, **Aa**, and **aa** are in the proportions **p2: 2pq: q2**.
Thus, equations can be written in terms of allele frequencies, and hypotheses about how phenotypes are inherited can be tested from population data.
**Habutae** is a type of silk. There are different kinds of *habutae* silk such as plain or striped *habutae*. *Habutae* is traditionally used for kimono and undershirts. Recently, it is also used for general goods, works of art, and clothing. *Habutae* is smooth to touch, glossy, and soft. It has been said "The quality of silk fabric begins with habutae and ends with it." *Fukui* is a suitable region to produce *habutae* as the dryness and wetness of the air are well-balanced throughout the whole year.

History
-------

In 1871, Kimimasa Yuri, who was a lord of *Fukui* Domain (region), brought some silk goods from Europe to Fukui when he joined a study tour in Europe. He showed the goods to people who studied silks in *Fukui* and they started doing technical research on weaving *habutae*. In 1887, basic technology for weaving *habutae* silk was completed in *Fukui* city. The economic boom of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 and World War I boosted progress and production of *habutae* in *Fukui*. In the early 1900s, production of *habutae* in Fukui earned 1.7 million dollars, up to 60% of the total exports of *habutae* in Japan. The demand for *habutae* made in *Fukui* has kept increasing in Japan, and it is still used in many kinds of daily goods such as clothing.

Weaving Process
---------------

Most of the process of making Fukui *habutae* silk is the same as the process of making *habutae* in other areas, but the weaving process of Fukui *habutae* silk is different from the weaving process of *habutae* in other areas. Also, the weaving process is the most important part of making Fukui *habutae* silk. Fukui *habutae* silk is made in a process called *nureyoko(濡れ横)*. *Nureyoko* is a weaving method of weaving warps and wefts which is the two basic components of weaving thread into fabric after wetting wefts with water. Threads are made from raw silks that are imported from other countries such as China and Brazil. This process makes the cloth tight, elastic, and strong. It takes one day to weave 20 meters of *habutae*.
**Hamo Beknazarian**, also known as **Hamo Bek Nazarov** (born May 19, 1891 in Yerevan, died April 27, 1965 in Moscow) was an Armenian movie director. His career in cinema started in 1914, when a friend offered him a part in a movie. Between 1914 and 1918, he played about 70 parts, becoming a popular actor in pre-Revolutionary Russian movie. In 1920, instead of going to Armenia as he planned, he went to Tbilisi, where he developed a movie department for Georgian Commissioner's office of Public Education. Many of his movies were filmed in Tbilisi, including *The Father Murderer* and *Lost Treasures*. In 1925, he filmed his first Armenian movie and moved to Armenia. In 1933, he made the first Armenian movie to have sound, *Pepo*.

Beknazarian also made a few documentary movies.

Filmography
-----------

* *Shor and Shorshor* (1926), scriptwriter, director. A comedy about two friends.
* *Namus* (1926), Director. This was the first Armenian movie. It was a tragic love story.
* *Pepo* (1935), director
* *Zangezur* (1938), director
* *David-Bek* (1943), co-scriptwriter, director. A movie about an 18th-century Armenian hero, David Bek (died 1728) who fought to free Armenia from the Ottoman Empire.
* *Anahit* (1947), director
**Heparin** is an anticoagulant (substance that stops blood clots) discovered by Jay McLean and William Henry Howell. It is generally injected under the skin or into veins. As of now it seems safe to use on pregnant people. It is identified as a glycosaminoglycan (long polysaccharide (the stuff that cells are made of) chains consisting of long repeating disaccharide chains.

The discoverers first extracted heparin from the guts of animals such as turkey, atlantic salmon, mice, and even humans. The specimen of choice is a fresh, nonhemolyzed (intact red blood cells is broken) plasma anticoagulated by fluorides. Overdose can cause heparin-caused thrombocytopenia, a condition where white blood cells attack platelets (the stuff in your blood that heal wounds), causing a slowed heal time, bad breakdown of tissue in the leg, heart infections, and strokes, none of which will be benign.

Heparin is rated one of the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, showing its value and popularity and rate of success.
The **Kashmir Markhor** or the **Flare-Horned Markhor** *(Capra falconeri cashmiriensis)* is a goat that lives in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan and in the Kashmir Valley in India. Some scientists say it is a subspecies of *Capra falconeri* and others say it does not count as its own subspecies. The Kashmir Markhor is the sub species of Markhor which is also known as **Pir Panjal Markhor**. These Markhors are found in the Chitral Valleys of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a province of Pakistan and Neelum Valley.

These markhors are hunted under a community-based hunting program. One survey conducted by CITES and WWF and the KPK wildlife department counted only 300 markhors. Then the government started the community-based hunting program. They issued 4 hunting permits for Kashmir markhor per year. They required that 80% of the money from trophy hunting go to the local community. Because of this, local people stopped killing the markhor for food. This hunting program succeeded. A more recent survey counted 4000 markhors.

This animal is easier to hunt than the Astor Markhor or Suleman Markhor but the hunter must be strong. A 40" horn is considered representable.

Appearance
----------

This wild goat-antelope has horns on its head that curve in a spiral. It is synonymous with the Astor Markhor which has large, flat horns, branching widely and then going up nearly straight with only a half turn, from a heavy, flat horns, twisted like a corkscrew.

Home
----

These animals live in dry places. In the winter, they do not live more than 2200 meters above sea level.

Behavior
--------

For most of the year, the Kashmir markhor eats grassy plants. In the winter, when snow covers the grass, the Kashmir markhor will eat parts of trees and shrubs if it cannot find grass. It can eat pine needles, but not when it can find other foods.

When it is not mating season, male and female Astor markhors often live apart. The females usually go to cliffs with fewer plants on them, and the males go to places with more plants to eat.

Threats
-------

There are few Kashmir markhor left because human beings take livestock to eat grass in the places where the Kashmir markhor lives. Other people have killed the Kashmir markhor for its horns.

In culture
----------

The nominate subspecies **Kashmir Markhor** is the State animal of Azad Kashmir.
**Hair straightening** is when a person makes their hair straighter. Their hair may be curly, wavy, or almost straight. There are methods to make even very curly hair straighter.

There are two different types of straightening: temporary and permanent. Temporary hair straightening keeps the hair straight until it gets wet or damp again, so only lasts for up to a few days. Permanent hair straightening keeps the hair straight for up to a few months, even when the hair gets wet.

A person can temporarily straighten their hair using:

* Hair irons, tongs use heat to make the hair straight.
* Hot combs, combs that use heat to make the hair straight
* Hairdryer, a machine that blows air over the hair to dry it quickly, so that combs can be used to style the hair straight.
* Hair cremes, cremes that help hold the hair in place more, but do not completely straighten the hair.

A person can permanently straighten their hair using:

* Chemical relaxers
* Japanese hair straightening
* Brazilian hair straightening
* Brazilian blowout

Related pages
-------------

* Hair iron
* GHD