recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
"**Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off**" is the fourth single by the rock band Panic at the Disco, from their album, *A Fever You Can't Sweat Out*. It was released on August 7, 2006 as the fourth single, but is the third advertised single ("The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage" was not commercially released as a single).

Music video
-----------

The music video was filmed on June 19, 2006 in Los Angeles, California. The video was shown on MTV2 on July 14, 2006. It features people with fish tanks on their heads. The video only shows the band in one scene (the paramedics are the band members), because the band felt that their looks were distracting from their music.

The music video starts out with a woman walking on a sidewalk. For some reason, she has a fishtank on her head and all the people around her also have a fishtank. She quickly runs into a puddle and follows it to find a fish flapping around. She places it into her tank and stares at it. Then the woman heads over to a group of people to discover them gathered around a man who's tank broke and he is dying now. The woman has flashbacks to show that the man is her husband. She then attempts suicide by pouring out her own tank and collapsing. The band arrives in two ambulances (labeled Receiving Hospital) and takes them away in bathtubs. The band then carries the two across a beach and throws them into the ocean. There the woman holds the man.

Track listings
--------------

### UK CD/Digital August 2006

1. "Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off"
2. "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" (Live from Astoria)

### UK Enhanced CD - August 2006

1. "Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off"
2. "Build God, Then We'll Talk" (Live from Astoria)
3. "Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off" (Video)
4. "Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off" (Live Video from Astoria)

### UK 7" Picture Disc - August 2006

1. "Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off"
2. "The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage" (Live from Astoria)

### WMI CD/Digital - January 2007

1. "Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off" (Radio Edit)
2. "Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off" (Album Version)
3. "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" (Live from Astoria)
4. "Build God, Then We'll Talk" (Live from Astoria)

Other websites
--------------

* "Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off" music video at YouTube
**Kim Wilson** (born January 6, 1951 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American blues singer and harp player. He is best known as the harp player and singer of The Fabulous Thunderbirds.

Career
------

He started with the blues in the late 1960s whenhe was a senior at High school. Wilson was tutored by people like Muddy Waters, Jimmie Rogers, Eddie Taylor, Albert Collins, George "Harmonica" Smith, Luther Tucker and Pee Wee Crayton. He was influenced by harmonica players like Little Walter, James Cotton, Big Walter Horton, Slim Harpo and Lazy Lester. 1974 he went to Austin, Texas where he and the guitarist Jimmie Vaughan formed The Fabulous Thunderbirds. They became the house band at the blues club, Antone's. There they were the backing band of almost every blues act which came to Austin. In the 1980s they had two hits with "Tuff Enuff" and "Wrap It Up."

In the early 1990s he started a solo career but still played with the Thunderbirds. He is doing more than 200 concerts in a year playing in blues clubs and at Festivals around the world.

Discography
-----------

### Solo

* 1993 *Tigerman* Antone's
* 1994 *That's Life* Discovery
* 1997 *Will the Circle Be Unbroken* Black Magic
* 1997 *My Blues* Blue Collar Records
* 2001 *Smokin' Joint* M.C. Records
* 2003 *Lookin' for Trouble* Mc

### With The Fabulous Thunderbirds

* 1979 *The Fabulous Thunderbirds* Chrysalis Records
* 1980 *What's the Word* Benchmark
* 1981 *Butt Rockin'* Benchmark
* 1982 *T-Bird Rhythm* Benchmark
* 1986 *Tuff Enuff* Epic Associated
* 1987 *Hot Number* Epic Associated
* 1989 *Powerful Stuff* Epic Associated
* 1991 *Walk That Walk, Talk That Talk* Epic Associated
* 1995 *Roll of the Dice* Private Music
* 1996 *Different Tacos* Country Town
* 1997 *High Water* Windham Hill Records
* 2001 *Live* CMC International
* 2005 *Painted On* Tone-Cool/Artemis
* 2011 *Girls Go Wild*
This is a Korean name; the family name is *Kim*.
**Kim Jong-nam** (May 10, 1971 - February 13, 2017) was the eldest son of Kim Jong-il, the former leader of North Korea. 

He tried to enter Japan using a fake passport in May 2001. This was to visit Disneyland. This caused his father to not approve of him. Kim Jong-nam's younger half-brother Kim Jong-un was made the heir in September 2010.

In June 2010, Kim Jong-nam gave a brief interview to the *Associated Press* in Macau. He told the reporter that he had "no plans" to defect to Europe. The press had recently said this. Kim Jong-nam lived in an apartment on the southern tip of Macau's Coloane Island until 2007. An anonymous South Korean official reported in October 2010 that Jong-nam had not lived in Macau for "months", and now goes between China and "another country."

When his father died, Kim Jong-nam did not attend the funeral. This was to avoid rumours on the succession.

He was assassinated in Malaysia on February 13, 2017, which is believed to be ordered by his half-brother Kim Jong-un.

Personal life
-------------

The South Korean newspaper *The Chosun Ilbo* said that Kim Jong-nam has two wives, at least one mistress, and several children. His first wife Shin Jong-hui (born c. 1980) and their son Kum-sol (born c. 1996) live at a home called Dragon Villa on the northern outskirts of Beijing. His second wife Lee Hye-kyong (born c. 1970), their son Han-sol (born c. 1995) and their daughter Sol-hui (born c. 1998) live in an apartment building in Macau. Jong-nam's mistress, former Air Koryo flight attendant So Yong-la (born c. 1980), also lives in Macau.

Jong-nam is often given attention by the media for his gambling and extravagant spending.
**Linda Evans** (born November 18, 1942) is an American actress.

Career
------

Born Linda Evenstad in Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.. She began her career making appearances in television series The Adventures of Ozzie & Harriet (1960), Outlaws (1962), The Untouchables (1962). And in 1963 a small role in the movie starring Richard Chamberlain
Twilight of Honor (1963), directed by Boris Sagal. 

She shot to fame starring in the role of Audra Barkley's daughter Barbara Stanwyck in ABC TV Western series The Big Valley. Was unusual that two women staged a western. The series was also starring by Lee Majors, Peter Breck and Richard Long. 

Evans played Audra Barkley in 112 episodes between 1965 and 1969.

In the 70s Linda Evans is co starring in The Klansman (1974), with Lee Marvin - Richard Burton, and directed by Terence Young. And in the action movie starring by Joe Don Baker, Mitchell (1975), directed by Andrew V. McLaglen.

In 1980 she co-star and with Steve McQueen in the Western Tom Horn, directed by William Wiard

Dynasty
-------

The best role of her career would come in 1981, playing Krystle Carrington wife of billionaire oil tycoon Blake Carrington, John Forsythe in the ABC TV series Dynasty (1981-89). 

The series was a success and one of the shows most ratings in American television and the world. 

Linda Evans in 1982 won a Golden Globe as best performance by an Actress in a TV-Series - Drama. 
Then again be nominated for a Golden Globe, on four occasions 1983, 1984, 1985 and 1986

Linda was also nominated for an Emmy in 1983.

Filmography
-----------

Movies| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1963 | *Twilight of Honor* | Alice Clinton |  |
| 1965 | *Those Calloways* | Bridie Mellott |  |
| 1965/1969 | *The Big Valley* | Audra Barkley | TV series |
| 1969 | *Childish Things* | Pat Jennings |  |
| 1974 | *The Klansman* | Nancy Poteet |  |
|
| 1975 | *Mitchell* | Greta |  |
| 1976/1977 | *Hunter* | Marty Shaw | TV series |
| 1979 | *Avalanche Express* | Jill Shasta |  |
| 1980 | *Tom Horn* | Glendolene Kimmel |  |
| 1981/1989 | *Dinasty* | Krystle Carrington | TV series |
| 1991 | *Dynasty: The Reunion* | Krystle Carrington | TV movie |
| 1991 | *The Gambler Returns: The Luck of the Draw* | Kate Muldoon | TV movie |
| 1995 | *Dazzle* | Sylvie Norberg Kilkullen | TV movie |
| 1997 | *The Stepsister* | Joan Curtis Shaw Canfield | TV movie |

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Linda Evans***.

* Official website
* Linda Evans on IMDb
* Linda Evans infomercial for Rejuvenique
* Linda Evans at TV.com
* Linda Evans at AllMovie
Linda Lovelace (1986)
**Linda Lovelace** (January 10, 1949 – April 22, 2002) was an American pornographic actress best known for her starring role in 1972 movie *Deep Throat*. She was born Linda Susan Boreman in the Bronx, New York City. 

She was married to Chuck Traynor (1937-2002) from 1971 until 1973; he frequently used violence against her. In 1974 she married Larry Marchiano. She had two children with him. They divorced in 1996. In 1980 *Ordeal* was published. It was a book Lovelace wrote about being a porn actress. She moved to Colorado in 1990. She died in Denver on April 22, 2002 of injuries sustained in a road accident on April 3, 2002. The biopic *Lovelace* is about her.

Other websites
--------------

* Linda Lovelace on IMDb

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***My Name Is Earl*** is an American sitcom. It was broadcast from September 20, 2005, to May 14, 2009 and was created by Greg Garcia. The series was produced by 20th Century Fox Television. In the United States, it is broadcast on the NBC television network. The series ended on May 14, 2009 after running for four seasons. Season four had ended with the caption 'To Be Continued'. The series' producer, 20th Century Fox Television, approached the Fox networks to continue the series.

Synopsis
--------

The show centers on Earl Hickey, a not-so-smart petty crook. He lives in fictional Camden county. Unexpectedly he wins the lottery. He is dancing in the street with joy over winning $100,000 when he is hit by a car. He decides this is karma paying him back for all the bad things he has done. Making a list of everyone he has wronged, he starts by righting the first wrong on his list. Suddenly the lottery ticket comes back into his possession again. This makes him think he was right about karma. He believes if he does good things to other people, good things will come to him. He uses his winnings to right his former wrongs, one at a time.

Cast
----

* Jason Lee as Earl Hickey
* Ethan Suplee as Randy Hickey
* Jaime Pressly as Joy Turner
* Eddie Steeples as Darnell Turner (Crabman)
* Nadine Velazquez as Catalina Aruca

Awards and accolades
--------------------

Jason Lee was selected for the title role. He had co-starred in several Kevin Smith films. He also starred in *The Incredibles*. The program quickly became one of NBC's highest rated new programs. In 2006, the pilot won Emmy Awards for Greg Garcia and Marc Buckland. In 2007, Jaime Pressly won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. The series received nominations for a Golden Globe Award (2006), British Academy Film Awards (2007 and 2008), and a People's Choice Award (2008).
The Seal of the Knights of Labor
The **Knights of Labor** (**K of L**) was the largest and one of the most important American labor organizations of the 1880s. One of its first leaders was Terence V. Powderly. The Knights started as a secret society with many elaborate rituals. By 1878 they became more of an open group. They greatly expanded their membership in the 1880s.

History
-------

The Knights of Labor began during the era of labour unions. The Garment Cutters Association of Philadelphia failed and was dissolved on 9 December 1869. Several members voted to form a new organization. They were convinced their new union needed more secrecy. As they drew up plans for the new organization each member was required to take an oath of secrecy. The title for the presiding officer was "Master Worker" and other titles were similarly named. On December 28th they adopted the name of Knights of Labor. The membership fees were $1. In 1878 they held their first general meeting. The early Knights took up campaigning for an 8-hour workday. Child labor exploitation was another of their causes. About 20% of the Knights were women and black workers. The members were mainly working class people. Certain professions were banned from membership. This included lawyers, bankers, and stockbrokers. As a measure of how these occupations were viewed, saloon keepers and gamblers were also excluded.

Workers in the 1880s began going on strike to gain better working conditions. Only about half belonged to unions. There were an average of about 500 strikes a year between 1881 and 1885. In 1886 this increased to over 1400 strikes. On 4 May 1886 in Chicago a peaceful rally was held to support workers striking for an eight-hour day. Someone threw a bomb into the crowd at Haymarket square. At least eight police officers and several civilians were killed. Labor unions were blamed even though the person throwing the bomb was never caught. The press and the American people held labor unions responsible. As one of the largest labor organizations the knights of Labor were blamed more than the other unions. The Haymarket affair caused the decline of the Knights of Labor even though they were not directly involved. By the early 1900s they were all but gone.
A pair of highways meet at a signalized intersection in a residential neighborhood.NY 174's southern terminus at NY 41**New York State Route 174** (**NY 174**) is a state highway. It is in Onondaga County, in Central New York, in the United States. The highway is 16.7 miles (26.9 km) long. 

It passes through mostly rural regions. Route 174 begins at an intersection with NY 41 in Borodino, a small-town of Spafford. It heads generally northward for most of its length, except for short distances in the villages of Marcellus and Camillus.

The road was first constructed in the early 19th century. It followed the path of Nine Mile Creek. It connected several early settlements in Central New York. 

Later, the northern half of the route was improved as a plank road in 1855. This was done by a private corporation that collected tolls from travelers on the road. The state took over the maintenance of the road by the beginning of the 20th century. Several minor realignments have been made in the areas of the villages of Marcellus and Camillus to accommodate newly built bypasses.

Other websites
--------------

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**Knighton** (Welsh: **Tref-y-clawdd**) is a small market town and community in the county of Powys, Wales that straddles the England–Wales border. It is in the historic county of Radnorshire.

Part of the town, including Knighton railway station, is in Shropshire, England. 

At the 2011 census, the town had a population of 3,172 people; 3,007 of which lived in Powys and 140 in Shropshire.

On the last Saturday in August, the town holds an annual Carnival and Show, which attracts visitors from all around the world. Its two parades, one at midday and another around 8 pm, consist of various themed carnival floats with people in fancy dress. The show takes place at the town's showground at Bryn-y-Castell, which is also home to Knighton Town Football Club, Knighton Cricket Club and Knighton Hockey Club.

Twinning
--------

* France Varades, France (Since 2009)

Gallery
-------

* Road sign upon entrance into KnightonRoad sign upon entrance into Knighton
* The River TemeThe River Teme
* Knighton Clock TowerKnighton Clock Tower
* Brookside SquareBrookside Square
A **mathematical proof** is a way to show that a mathematical theorem is true. To prove a theorem is to show that theorem holds in all cases (where it claims to hold). To prove a statement, one can either use axioms, or theorems which have already been shown to be true. Many techniques for proving a statements exist, and these include proof by induction, proof by contraction and proof by cases.

Proof by induction
------------------

See the main article: Mathematical induction
One type of proof is called proof by induction. This is usually used to prove that a theorem holds for all numbers (or all numbers from some point onwards). There are 4 steps in a proof by induction.

1. State that the proof will be by induction, and state which variable will be used in the induction step.

2. Prove that the statement is true for some beginning case.

3. Assume that for some value *n* = *n0*, the statement is true and has all of the properties listed in the statement. This is called the **induction step**.

4. Show that the statement is true for the next value, *n0*+1.

Once that is shown, it would mean that for any value of *n* that is picked, the next one is true. Since it is true for some beginning case (usually *n*=1), it's true for the next one (*n*=2). And since it is true for 2, it must be true for 3. And since it is true for 3, it must be true for 4, etc. Induction shows that it is always true, precisely because it is true for whatever comes after any given number.

An example of proof by induction is as follows:

Prove that for all natural numbers *n*, 2(1+2+3+....+*n*-1+*n*)=*n*(*n*+1).

Proof: First, the statement can be written as "For all natural numbers *n*, 2{\displaystyle \sum \_{k=1}^{n}k}=n(n+1)."

By induction on n,

First, for n=1, 2{\displaystyle \sum \_{k=1}^{1}k}=2(1)=1(1+1), so this is true.

Next, assume that for some *n*=*n0* the statement is true. That is, 2{\displaystyle \sum \_{k=1}^{n\_{0}}k} = n0(n0+1).

Then for *n*=*n0*+1, 2{\displaystyle \sum \_{k=1}^{{n\_{0}}+1}k} can be rewritten 2(*n0*+1) + 2{\displaystyle \sum \_{k=1}^{n\_{0}}k}.

Since 2{\displaystyle \sum \_{k=1}^{n\_{0}}k} = n0(n0+1), 2*n0*+1 + 2{\displaystyle \sum \_{k=1}^{n\_{0}}k} = 2(n0+1) + 2n0(n0+1).

So 2(n0+1) + 2n0(n0+1)= 2(n0+1)(n0 + 2), which completes the proof.

Proof by contradiction
----------------------

Proof by contradiction is a way of proving a mathematical theorem by showing that if the statement were false, then there would be a logical contradiction involved. That is, if one of the results of the theorem is assumed to be false, then there would be some inconsistency with the logic.

When proving a theorem by way of contradiction, it is important to note that in the beginning of the proof. This is usually abbreviated BWOC. When the contradiction appears in the proof, there is usually a ⨳ symbol involved.

Related pages
-------------

* Constructive proof
* Direct proof
* Mathematical logic
* Quadratic equation, which can be solved using a kind of proof called "completing the square"
* Reductio ad absurdum
**Letters patent** (always in the plural) are a type of legal instrument in the form of a published written order issued by a monarch, or government. They are generally used in granting an office, right, monopoly, title, or status to a person or corporation. Letters patent can be used for the creation of corporations or government offices. They may be used for the granting of city status or a coat of arms. Letters patent are issued for the appointment of representatives of the Crown, such as Governors and Governors-General of Commonwealth realms. In the United Kingdom they are also issued for the creation of peers of the realm. A particular form of letters patent has evolved into the modern patent (referred to as a utility patent or design patent in United States patent law). This grants exclusive rights of an invention (or a design in the case of a design patent). In this case it is essential that the written grant should be in the form of a public document so other inventors can consult it to avoid infringement. It is also important to understand how to "practice" the invention or put it into practical use.

The opposite of letters patent are letters close. These are personal in nature and sealed so that only the recipient can read their contents. Letters patent are comparable to other kinds of open letters in that their audience is wide.
**Madras Presidency** was an administrative subdivision (presidency) of British India. At its greatest extent, the presidency included most of southern India, including the whole of the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh and parts of Odisha, Kerala, Karnataka, Telangana, and the union territory of Lakshadweep. The city of Madras was the winter capital of the Presidency and Ootacamund or Ooty, the summer capital. The island of Ceylon was a part of Madras Presidency from 1793 to 1798 when it was created a Crown colony.

In the early decades of the 20th century, many significant contributors to the Indian independence movement came from Madras. After India got its independence Madras Prescidency became Madras State and later renamed as Tamil Nadu during C.N.Annadurai's reign as the chief minister.

In 1822, the Madras Presidency underwent its first census, which returned a population of 13,476,923.The last census of British India held in 1941 counted a population of 49,341,810 for the Madras Presidency.According to the 1871 census, there were 14,715,000 people who spoke Tamil, 11,610,000 people who spoke Telugu, 2,324,000 people who spoke Malayalam, 1,699,000 spoke Canarese or Kannada, 640,000 people spoke Oriya and 29,400 people spoke Tulu.
Coordinates: 49°42′54″N 2°11′10″W﻿ / ﻿49.71500°N 2.18611°W﻿ / 49.71500; -2.18611

Map of Alderney and its camp-sites
Alderney's parliament want no official monument to the occupation, so only old bunkers such as this one remain
**Lager Borkum** was a Nazi concentration camp on Alderney, in the Bailiwick of Guernsey, in the Channel Islands, named after the East Frisian Island of Borkum.

The Germans built four concentration camps on the island, subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp (in Hamburg, Germany). Each subcamp was named after one of the Frisian Islands: Lager Norderney at Saye, *Lager Borkum* at Platte Saline, Lager Sylt near the old telegraph tower at La Foulère and Lager Helgoland, in the northwest corner of the island. Over 700 people died in the Alderney concentration camps (out of a total inmate population of about 6,000). These were the only Nazi concentration camps on British soil.

It was organised by the Schutzstaffel - SS-Baubrigade I–which was first under supervision of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp; and after mid-February 1943 ran under the Neuengamme camp in northern Germany. It was used by the Nazi Organisation Todt, a forced labour programme, to build bunkers, gun emplacements, air-raid shelters, and concrete fortifications.

*Lager Borkum* was near the centre of Alderney and was the smallest of the four camps. The *Borkum* and *Helgoland* camps were "volunteer" (Hilfswillige) labour camps and the labourers in those camps were treated harshly but marginally better than the inmates at the *Sylt* and *Norderney* camps. The prisoners in *Lager Sylt* and *Lager Norderney* were slave labourers forced to build the many military fortifications and installations throughout Alderney. *Sylt camp* held Jewish enforced labourers and was a death camp. *Norderney camp* housed European (usually Eastern but including Spaniard) and Russian enforced labourers. *Lager Borkum* was used for German technicians and volunteers from different countries of Europe. *Lager Helgoland* was filled with Russian Organisation Todt workers. (For further information on Alderney concentration camps, see *Appendix F: Concentration Camps: Endlösung – The Final Solution*; *Alderney, a Nazi concentration camp on an island Anglo-Norman*;.

War crime trials
----------------

After World War II, a court-martial case was prepared against ex-SS Hauptsturmführer Max List (the former commandant of Lagers Norderney and Sylt), citing atrocities on Alderney. However, he did not stand trial, and is believed to have lived near Hamburg until his death in the 1980s.

Related pages
-------------

* Nazi concentration camp list
* Neuengamme concentration camp subcamp list
* The Holocaust

Other websites
--------------

* The Edward F. Lyons, Jr. papers, ca. 1917-1959 Archived 2010-11-16 at the Wayback Machine are in the Northeastern University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Boston, MA.
**Norman Nathan Lloyd** (November 8, 1914 – May 11, 2021) was an American actor, producer, and director. He is known for his television role as Dr. Daniel Auschlander in *St. Elsewhere*. His career lasted for more than ninety years. He made a guest appearance on *Modern Family* in 2010.

Early life
----------

Lloyd was born on November 8, 1914 in Jersey City, New Jersey. He studied to become an actor at the Civic Repertory Theatre in New York City.

Career
------

Lloyd came to Hollywood to play a Nazi spy in Alfred Hitchcock's *Saboteur* (1942). Je started a long friendship and professional career with Hitchcock. 

### Later career

After a few more villainous movie roles, Lloyd also worked behind the camera as an assistant on Lewis Milestone's *Arch of Triumph* (1948). A friend of John Garfield, Lloyd appeared with him in *He Ran All the Way*. Garfield's last movie before the Hollywood blacklist ended his movie career.

Personal life
-------------

Lloyd was married to Peggy Craven from 1936 until her death in 2011. They had two children. Lloyd died on May 11, 2021 at his home in Los Angeles, California at the age of 106.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Norman Lloyd***.

* Norman Lloyd on IMDb
* BN bio Archived 2014-08-26 at the Wayback Machine
* The Man Who Fell Off The Statue of Liberty: An Interview with Norman Lloyd (TCM's Movie Morlocks) Archived 2013-05-14 at the Wayback Machine
***Mom*** is an American television show. It began on CBS on September 23, 2013. It ended on May 13, 2021.

The show is set around Brooklyn, New York. It looks at a dysfunctional mother and daughter duo, Christy and Bonnie Plunkett. They have had alcoholism addiction problems. They try to pull their lives together by attending Alcoholics Anonymous.

Anna Faris and Allison Janney play the leading roles in the show. Also acting in the show are Kristen Johnston, Mimi Kennedy and Jaime Pressly.

For her role, Janney has won two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 2014 and 2015. She was also nominated in 2016.

*Mom* has also gotten nominations at the Critics' Choice Television Awards and People's Choice Awards in its run.

*Mom* has constantly gotten high ratings in its genre. The average viewership is 11.79 million. That makes it the third-highest rated comedy under broadcast television in the United States.

On September 4, 2020, Faris was leaving the show after seven seasons.
**Lake Natron** is a salt or alkaline lake in north Ngorongoro District of Arusha Region in Tanzania. It is in the Gregory Rift, which is the eastern branch of the East African Rift. The lake is inside the Lake Natron Basin, a Ramsar Site wetland of international significance.

The southern half of Lake Natron (top). Fault scarps and the Gelai Volcano can also be seen. Numerous near-white salt-crust "rafts" pepper the shallowest parts of the lake (inset). A small part of the lake is in Kenya.

The lake is mainly fed by the Southern Ewaso Ng'iro River, which rises in central Kenya, and by mineral-rich hot springs. It is less than three metres (9.8 ft) deep. Its width depends on its water level. The lake is a maximum of 57 kilometres (35 mi) long and 22 kilometres (14 mi) wide.

In the surrounding area rain is infrequent. Most of the rain occurs between December and May. The total rainfall is about 800 millimetres (31 in) per year. Temperatures at the lake are frequently above 40 °C (104 °F).

High levels of evaporation have left behind natron (sodium carbonate decahydrate) and trona (sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate). The alkalinity of the lake can reach a pH of greater than 12. The surrounding bedrock is made of alkaline, sodium-dominated trachyte lavas that were laid down during the Pleistocene period. The lavas have significant amounts of carbonate but very low calcium and magnesium levels. This has allowed the lake to concentrate into a caustic alkaline brine.

Flamingos at lake natron
The lake is home to a number of wading birds, notably flamingoes. They feed on small crustaceans that live in the lake. In some areas, all three species of Alcolapia can be found. Alcolapia are small fish.
The **MK-12 special purpose rifle (SPR)** was designed by the U.S. Navy to bridge the gap between the M4 assault rifle and the M24 sniper rifle. It is based off of the AR-15 platform making it semi-automatic unlike the M4 and M16 which are fully automatic. It is chambered in 5.56x45mm NATO and is meant to be used with the 77 grain version MK-262. It has an 18" barrel giving it much more range capabilities than the M4 and the 77 grain MK-262 gave it more range capabilities than the M16. The rifle has a maximum effective range of 700 meters or 770 yards while the M4 has 500 meters and the M16 has 550 meters. It was issued with a Leupold MK-4 2.5-8x36mm scope that was specifically calibrated for the 77 grain ammunition on an 18" barrel. Some MK-12 rifles had a standard A2 stock found on M16 rifles and some had collapsible crane stocks found on MK-18 and M4 rifles. It had a free-float hand rail which gave it superior accuracy by having the barrel completely unaffected by the hand rail. It certainly isn't a light weight rifle weighing in at 10 to 12 pounds depending on if you had a suppressor or not.
Mary Anna Custis Lee with her son, Robert E. Lee, Jr. in 1845. She is around 37 years old in this picture.
**Mary Anna Randolph Custis Lee** (1 October 1808 – 5 November 1873) was the wife of Confederate Army military officer Robert E. Lee. She was also his third cousin. They married at her parents' home, and had seven children together.

Life
----

She was born in Clarke County, Virginia on 1 October 1808; although her birth appears in the Custis family Bible and in records kept by her mother to have happened in 1807. She was born at the Annefield plantation when her mother's coach stopped there during a journey. She was well educated, having learned both Latin and Greek.

She liked talking about politics with her father and later her husband. She kept current with all the new literature. After her father died, she edited and published his writings as *Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, by his adopted son George Washington Parke Custis, with a Memoir of this Author by his Daughter* in 1859.

She was a small but spirited woman. She knew her third cousin, Robert E. Lee, since childhood. She also dated Governor of Texas, Sam Houston.

Mary and Robert were married at her parents' home, Arlington House, on 30 June 1831. They had three sons and four daughters together: George Washington Custis "Custis", William H. Fitzhugh "Rooney", Robert Edward Jr. Mary, Eleanor Agnes (called Agnes), Anne, and Mildred Lee.

When the American Civil War began, her husband Robert and their sons were all called to service in Virginia. She didn't evacuate her home until 15 May 1861. Robert wrote to his wife saying:

> War is inevitable, and there is no telling when it will burst around you. .. You have to move and make arrangements to go to some point of safety which you must select. The Mount Vernon plate and pictures ought to be secured. Keep quiet while you remain, and in your preparations. .. May God keep and preserve you and have mercy on all our people.
> 
> 

After the war, the Lees lived in Powhatan County for a short time before moving to Lexington. Robert E. Lee would become the president of the Washington College. Mary Anna Custis Lee visited her old home, the Arlington House, one last time in 1873.She hardly recognized the estate except for a few old oaks and some of the trees that she and Robert had planted.

She eventually got severe rheumatoid arthritis. Mary Anna Custis Lee died at 66 years old. She is buried next to her husband at the Lee family crypt at Lee Chapel on the campus of Washington and Lee University.

Other websites
--------------

* Lee Family Digital Archive Archived 2010-05-13 at the Wayback Machine
* Collection of Mary Custis Lee digitized letters
* Correspondences of Mary Anna Custis Lee during the American Civil War - held in the Walter Havighurst Special Collections, Miami University
This is a Korean name; the family name is *Kim*.
**Kim Ung-yong** (born 8 March 1962) was a Korean child prodigy. He was able to read and write in Japanese, Korean, German and English before he turned four years old. At the age of four, on 2 November 1967, he answered differential and integral calculus questions on Japanese television, showed that he could speak German, English, Japanese and Korean, and write poetry. Kim was listed in the Guiness Book of World Records under "Highest IQ"; the book guessed the boy's score at "over 200."

Kim was a guest student of physics at Hanyang University from the age of 3 until he was 6. At the age of 7 he was invited to the United States by NASA. He finished his university studies, eventually getting a Ph.D. in physics at Colorado State University  before he was 15. In 1974, during his university studies, he began his research work at NASA and continued this work until his return to Korea in 1978.

When he returned to Korea, he decided to switch from physics to civil engineering and eventually received a doctorate in that field. Kim was offered the chance to study at the most prestigious universities in Korea, but instead chose to attend a provincial university.

As of 2007 he also serves as adjunct faculty at Chungbuk National University.

Related pages
-------------

* child prodigy
* genius
* multilingualism

Other websites
--------------

* Time magazine article mentioning Ung-Yong Archived 2005-09-20 at the Wayback Machine
* Article in Korean mentioning Kim Ung-Yong (Currently Working as the Leader of the Compensation Department of the Chungcheongbuk-do Government Office of Development)
In economics, the **marginal propensity to consume** (**MPC**) is a measurement that can put induced consumption into numbers. Induced consumption is the idea that an increase in personal consumer spending (consumption) happens with an increase in disposable income (income after taxes and transfers). The proportion of disposable income which people spend on consumption is called the propensity to consume. MPC is the proportion of more income that a person spends. For example, if a household earns one extra dollar of disposable income, and the marginal propensity to consume is 0.65, then the household will spend 65 cents and save 35 cents of that dollar. Obviously, the household cannot spend *more* than the extra dollar (without borrowing).

John Maynard Keynes says that the marginal propensity to consume is less than one.

The MPC is higher for poorer people than in rich.

Background
----------

Mathematically, the {\displaystyle {\mathit {MPC}}} function is written as the derivative of the consumption function {\displaystyle C} with respect to disposable income {\displaystyle Y}, i.e. the instantaneous slope of the {\displaystyle C}-{\displaystyle Y} curve.

{\displaystyle {\mathit {MPC}}={\frac {dC}{dY}}}
or, approximately,

{\displaystyle {\mathit {MPC}}={\frac {\Delta C}{\Delta Y}}}, where {\displaystyle \Delta C} is the change in consumption, and {\displaystyle \Delta Y} is the change in disposable income that created the consumption.
Marginal propensity to consume can be found by dividing change in consumption by a change in income, or {\displaystyle {\mathit {MPC}}=\Delta C/\Delta Y}. The MPC can be explained with the simple example:

| Income | Consumption |
| --- | --- |
| 120 | 120 |
| 180 | 170 |

Here {\displaystyle \Delta C=50}; {\displaystyle \Delta Y=60}
Therefore, {\displaystyle {\mathit {MPC}}=\Delta C/\Delta Y=50/60=0.83} or 83%.
For example, suppose you receive a bonus with your paycheck, and it's $500 on top of your normal annual earnings. You now have $500 more in income than you did before. If you decide to spend $400 of this marginal increase in income on something, your marginal propensity to consume will be 0.8 ({\displaystyle \$400/\$500}).

Related pages
-------------

* Average propensity to save
* Average propensity to consume
* Keynesian economics

More reading
------------

* Hall, Robert E.; Taylor, John B. (1986). "Consumption and Income". *Macroeconomics: Theory, Performance, and Policy*. New York: W. W. Norton. pp. 63–67. ISBN 0-393-95398-X.
* Lindauer, John (1976). "Consumption Functions". *Macroeconomics* (Third ed.). New York: Wiley. pp. 40–43. ISBN 0-471-53572-9.
* Wonnacott, Paul (1984). "The Consumption Function". *Macroeconomics* (Third ed.). Homewood: Irwin. pp. 58–62. ISBN 0-256-02497-9.
**Leanne Pittsford** is an American entrepreneur. She started the professional network Lesbians Who Tech.

Life
----

Pittsford received a master's degree in education, equity and social justice from San Francisco State University and a bachelor's degree in political science from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.

Work
----

Leanne Pittsford started her career with the organization Equality California. She wanted to repeal Proposition 8, a law in California against marriage for same sex couples. She saw there were not enough networking opportunities for lesbian women. There were not any lesbian mentors to give help and advice to new people.

In 2012, Pittsford started Lesbians in Tech. In 2015 she got Edie Windsor, a former manager from IBM, to speak to the organization, and started a scholarship in her name. Lesbians in Tech is now an international organization with 20 chapters from Berlin to Vermont. It has 10,000 members. In two years, they had over 200 events in 22 cities. Every year they have summits in New York, San Francisco, and Berlin. In 2015 they had their first summit in Tel Aviv.

In 2015, Lesbians in Tech received a $165,000 award from the Arrillaga-Andreessen Foundation. They wanted to create more inclusion in the technology sector. The money will help start two programs: Bring a Lesbian to Work Day, for mentoring, and the Coding Scholarship Fund, for tuition.

In 2015, U.S. President Obama had an LGBT Pride reception at the White House for prominent member of the LGBT tech community. The event was attended by former Google executive and U.S. chief technology officer Megan Smith, Lesbians Who Tech founder Leanne Pittsford, and others.

Pittsford also helped support five other organizations for diversity in tech: AllOut, Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice, CODE2040, Chicana Latina Foundation, and the National Center for Lesbian Rights.

Other websites
--------------

* Lesbians Who Tech

### Awards

* Named one of "40 under 40" by San Francisco Times, 2015
* Featured in San Francisco Magazine's Power Issue, 2015
* Named one of "40 Diverse People In Tech Who Made Big Moves In 2015" by Techcrunch
**Llandudno** (/lænˈdɪdnoʊ/) is a town, seaside resort and community in the Conwy County Borough, Wales. It is located on the Creuddyn Peninsula, which protrudes into the Irish Sea, in the historic county of Caernarfonshire. The community currently has a population of 20,701.

History
-------

Llandudno is the largest seaside resort in Wales, and as early as 1861 was being called *"The Queen of the Welsh Watering Places"*. The town's name is derived from its patron saint, Saint Tudno. The town developed from Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age settlements over many hundreds of years on the slopes of the limestone headland, known to seafarers as the Great Orme and to landsmen as the Creuddyn Peninsula. By 1847, the town had grown to a thousand people, served by the new church of St George, built in 1840.

It was specifically built as a mid-Victorian era holiday destination. The town's main modern-day attractions include the Great Orme Tramway, Llandudno Pier and Venue Cymru.

Transportation
--------------

The town's railway station is situated on the North Wales Coast Line between Crewe in Cheshire, England and Holyhead, Anglesey. It is also the northern terminus of the Conwy Valley line to Blaenau Ffestiniog.

Gallery
-------

* Llandudno PierLlandudno Pier
* Venue Cymru, LlandudnoVenue Cymru, Llandudno
* A Great Orme Tramway tramA Great Orme Tramway tram
* Grand Hotel, LlandudnoGrand Hotel, Llandudno
* Great Orme Cable CarGreat Orme Cable Car

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* VIAF

 |
| Geographic | 
* MusicBrainz area

 |
**Llandudno railway station** (Welsh: *Gorsaf reilffordd Llandudno*) is a train station in Llandudno in Conwy County Borough, North Wales. It is managed by Transport for Wales and opened in 1858.

It is on a branch of the North Wales Coast Line that runs between Holyhead in Anglesey and Crewe in Cheshire, England. 

The station still has some of its old architecture and has a 1800s style canopy. In 2013, part of it was reconstructed in a scheme that cost £5.2 million. Even though part of the station was reconstructed, most of its old architecture still stands. 

The station is very popular with tourists and is mainly used by them.

Services
--------

Transport for Wales run a train every hour to Manchester Piccadilly via Chester. Two of these trains a day go to Crewe instead of Manchester.

Transport for Wales also run one shuttle train an hour between Llandudno and Llandudno Junction. This is done to allow passengers from Llandudno to catch trains from Llandudno Junction that go to Holyhead, Shrewsbury, Birmingham, London and South Wales. 

Transport for Wales also run four trains a day that go down the Conwy Valley line to Blaenau Ffestiniog.

Gallery
-------

* The station entranceThe station entrance
* An old London, Midland and Scottish Railway monogram at the stationAn old London, Midland and Scottish Railway monogram at the station
* A train at the stationA train at the station
**Kaeng Krachan** (Thai: แก่งกระจาน) is the largest national park of Thailand. It is on the border with Myanmar, and joins with Myanmar's Tanintharyi Nature Reserve. It is popular with tourists, and is near the beach resort of Hua Hin.

The park covers parts of Phetchaburi Province and Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. It contains rainforest on the eastern side of the Tenasserim Mountain Range. The highest elevation is 1,20 m. Two main rivers begin within the park: the Pranburi River and the Phetchaburi River. The Phetchaburi is blocked by the Kaeng Krachan Dam at the eastern border of the park. The dam creates a lake covering an area of 46.5 km2. The dam was built in 1966. There are private plantations within the park.

The park was created on 12 June 1981. It was the 28th national park of Thailand. It originally covered an area of 2,478 km2. It was enlarged in December 1984. In 2005 it was shown to UNESCO for consideration as a World Heritage Site.

The forests contain a great variety of plants and animals. The killing of wild elephants is a big problem at the park. It is difficult to stop poachers.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Kaeng Krachan National Park at Wikimedia Commons

* National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department Archived 2016-05-08 at the Wayback Machine
* Wildlife, attractions and maps of Kaeng Krachan National Park
**Kenelm Winslow** (April 29, 1599 – September 13, 1672) was a pilgrim who traveled to Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1629.

Early life and pilgrimage
-------------------------

Winslow was born on April 29, 1599 in Droitwich, England. His parents were Edward and Magdalene Winslow. In 1629, he traveled to Plymouth, Massachusetts with his brother Josiah. In 1640, he became the town surveyor. He was fined ten shillings for neglecting the highway shortly after becoming the town surveyor.

Later life
----------

In 1641, he moved to Marshfield, Massachusetts. Winslow became deputy in the Massachusetts General Court in 1653 for eight years. Kenelm was a joiner, farmer, and shipper. In 1669, he was one of the 26 owners of Assonet, Massachusetts.

Personal life and death
-----------------------

The Settlers Memorial in Winslow Cemetery, Marshfield, Massachusetts
His brother was Edward Winslow. Winslow was married to Eleanor Adams in June 1634. They had four children. Winslow died on September 13, 1672 in Salem, Massachusetts.

Other websites
--------------

Kenelm Winslow at Find a Grave
This shows a list of Soviet national leaders of the place above from 1918 to 1991

| Name | Born-died | Start | End |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| JAZEP VARONKA | 4.4.1891-6.4.1952 | 1918 | 1918 |
| Jan Sierada | 5.13.1879-? | 1918 | 1919 |
| Aleksander Chervyakov | 1892-1937 | 1919 | 1937 |
| Vasily Sharangovich | 3.4.1897-3.15.1938 | 1937 | 1937 |
| Yakov Yakovlev | 1896-1938 | 1937 | 1937 |
| Aleksei Volkov | 1890-1942 | 1937 | 1938 |
| ‘Erich Koch | 1896-1986 | 1938 | 1945 |
| Hinrich Lohse | 1896-1964 | 1945 | 1946 |
| Panteleimon Ponomarenko | 1902-1984 | 1938 | 1947 |
| Nikolai Gusarov | 1905-1985 | 1947 | 1950 |
| Nikolai Patolichev | 1908-1989 | 1950 | 1956 |
| Kirill Mazurov | 1914-1989 | 1956 | 1965 |
| Pyotr Masherov | 1918/1919-1980 | 1965 | 1980 |
| Tikhon Kiselyov | 1917-1983 | 1980 | 1983 |
| Vladimir Brovikov | 1931-1992 | 1983 | 1983 |
| Nikolay Slyunkov | 1929-2022 | 1983 | 1987 |
| Yefrem Sokolov | 1926-2022 | 1987 | 1991 |
| Anatoly Malofeyev | 1933-2022 | 1991 | 1991 |
| Stanislav Shushkevich | 1934-2022 | 1991 | 1994 |

After the Soviets
-----------------

### Prime ministers

See the main article: List of prime ministers of Belarus
### Presidents

Alexander Lukashenko (1994-present)

Other rulers
------------

JEFIM GIENKIN 1920-1924

ALEKSANDER MIASNIKIAN 1919-1919

ZMICIER ZHYLUNOVICH 1919-1919

PYOTRA KRECHEUSKI 1919-1920
(PETER KRECHEVSKI]]
Kazimir Cichovski 1920-1920

Vilhelm Knorin 1920-1922

Waclaw Bogutski 1922-1924

Alexander Osatkin-Vladimirsky 1924-1925

Aleksander Krinitsky 1925-1925

NIKOLAY GOLODED 1925-1927

Jan Gamarnik 1927-1929

Konstantin Hey 1929-1932

Mikalaj Hikala 1932-1937

Michail Stakun 1937-1937

Nicypar Natalevich 1937-1948

Sergei Pritiki 1948-1967

Valentina Klochkova 1967-1968

Fiodar Surganov 1968-1976

Iwan Palakou (alias Ivan Polyakov) 1976-1985

George Tarasevic 1985-1989

Mikalay Dzemyantsyey 1990-1991

Vyacheslav Kuznetsov 1994-1994

Vincas Kapsukas Mincevicius 1919-1919

Jazep Losik 1919-1919

### Vice presidents

None
In combat sports where champions are decided by a challenge, the **lineal championship** of a weight class is a world championship title held initially by an undisputed champion and subsequently by a fighter who defeats the reigning champion in a match at that weight class. In professional boxing, the lineal champion is informally called "the man who beat the man".

Champions recognized by sanctioning bodies such as the World Boxing Association (WBA), World Boxing Council (WBC), or the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) may vacate their title voluntarily, or be stripped of the title for breaching the sanctioning body's regulations or contracts. There will thus be a breach of continuity in the list of sanctioned champions which the lineal championship is intended to prevent. However, there is no single canonical list of lineal champions at any weight class, because there is no agreed upon method of determining the starting point for each lineage and conflicting opinions on what to do when the current champion retires or moves to a different weight class, although there is agreement that any stripping of a title be discounted.