recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
***Bust-A-Move 2*** is the first sequel to *Bust-A-Move*, and is also known as ***Puzzle Bobble 2*** outside Europe and North America. Released into the arcades in 1995, PlayStation, Sega Saturn, Nintendo 64 and PC conversions followed. The game was included in *Taito Legends 2*, but the US arcade version was included on US PS2 version instead. The game is a spin-off from *Bubble Bobble*.

The game builds on the original by adding a tournament style variation on the two player game for play against the computer and by adding a branching map to the one player game, allowing the player to periodically select one of two groups of five levels to play next, leading to different game endings. Some of the contestants in the new tournament mode are based on characters from Bubble Bobble, including variations on a *Monsta* and a *Mighta*.

Some versions of the game, including the PlayStation, feature time trial competitions in which a single player attempts to finish simple rounds quickly enough to beat previous time records or two players simultaneously attempt to beat the records and each other.

Completion of the single player game gives the player a code which can be entered to unlock 'Another World' for the single player game, which features subtle changes to the existing levels to increase their difficulty and changes to all backdrops to resemble levels from Bubble Bobble. The various enemies from Bubble Bobble also make an appearance in the background of the credits sequence.

Bust-A-Move 2X
--------------

Taito later repacked *Bust-A-Move 2* with an optional alternative set of levels and some new attract mode animations (including holiday-themed ones) as *Bust-A-Move 2X* (Also known as *Puzzle Bobble 2X*).

Ports of *Bust-A-Move 2* to the PC and Sega Saturn are of *Bust-A-Move 2X* and additionally include a level editor/designer. A port of 2X was made to the PlayStation but was not released until some time after a port of *Bust-A-Move 2* was released; therefore, it is not so well known.

Cover art
---------

This game has become notorious for one version of its cover art. The original US version of the Saturn edition featured a picture of several large balls with screaming, blue, human faces with white sticks forcing their eyes open. This cover earned it a place on Gamespy.com's Top Ten Worst Covers list.
Uzbekistan
**Matlyuba Kamilova** or **Matluba Kamilova** is an Uzbeck human rights activist and school principal. In 2016, Samantha Power, the U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. named her one of twenty women political prisoners in the Free the 20 campaign.

Kamilova spoke out about police corruption. In September 2010, she was arrested and charged with possession of drugs. She is still in prison.

Life and work
-------------

Kamillova is a lawyer. She was the director of a technical college in Angren, Tashkent province. Kamilova was born in 1960.

Kamilova worked against corruption and helped people work for their rights. Because of Kamilova, two corruption cases were started against local government officials.

On September 6, 2010, police stopped Kamilova in her car. Kamilova’s 21-year-old son, Shohruhon, was also in the car. The police told Shohruhon they found heroin in the car. The police beat Kamilova and her son, and took them to jail. In jail, they made Kavilova listen to the screams of prisoners being beaten, because they wanted her to confess. At the trial, the police did not agree about where they found the drugs. An activist at the trial said the police put drugs on Kamilova. Drug convictions and planting drugs on human rights activists are routine in Uzbekistan.

A court sentenced Kamilova to eleven years in prison. Because it is a drug charge, she cannot get an appeal. No one knows where she is.
A Rococo painting by French artist Fragonard. Rococo art, by nature, was elaborate, playful, filled with delicate colours, and often witty.
**Rococo** is an artistic style which originated in the 18th century in France. Often referred to merely as **Late Baroque**, the Rococo developed from the Baroque artistic movement. Whilst it kept several characteristics of the original style, including elaboration and ornate themes, it was also more playful and asymmetrical. The Rococo is associated with the reign of French king Louis XV (Louis XIV is associated with the Baroque, whilst Louis XVI with Neoclassicism, albeit his style started off as Rococo at the beginning of reign). Rococo's popularity was at its height towards the middle of the 18th century, fading out by the end in favour of Neoclassicism.

Rococo art and architecture was feminine, graceful, florid and ornate. Creamy and pastel-like colours were used for paintings, unlike the darker shades in Baroque art. Religion and politics were no longer necessarily the core theme of Rococo art, unlike the Baroque, and everyday life became more commonly represented. In such a way, Rococo art revolved around themes such as love, romance, fun, landscapes, and mere portraits. Additionally, Far Eastern themes became popular in Rococo, especially Chinoiserie. Famous Rococo artists include Boucher, Watteau and Fragonard, amongst several others.

The Rococo has been the focus of much discussion, analysis and criticism by art historians throughout history. It has been criticised over the years for being over-the-top, superficial and frivolous; in such a way, the term has even been used derogatively in various points of history. Nevertheless, Rococo art and theatre has also received praise for the elegance, "beauty", and "charm" of its artwork.
*Vasa* in the Vasa Museum and seen from the bow (front).
***Vasa*** was a big Swedish warship. The ship was built from 1626 to 1628. The same year *Vasa* was ready outside Stockholm, but sank by accident on her maiden voyage (first trip). The ship lasted about 20 minutes until it sunk. *Vasa* sank because she was too heavy on top. Those who built her knew that she had problems, but they didn't dare say that to the Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus. He was not in Sweden when *Vasa* was built and he wanted her to go fight in the Thirty Years' War as soon as possible. There was a hearing about why *Vasa* sank, but no one was found guilty or judged for her sinking.

Swedish divers in diving bells brought up some of *Vasa'*s cannons from the sunken ship in the 1660s. Anders Franzén found *Vasa* in 1956 after he had read about the ship in sources and looked for her in the water around Stockholm. The ship was brought up in 1961 and was then treated with special chemicals so that it would last for a long time. The preservation treatment took almost 20 years to complete. *Vasa* is now in the Vasa Museum in Stockholm, Sweden. It is a very popular place for tourists to visit. It gets more than one million visitors every year.

When *Vasa* was brought up there were thousands of things inside her. There were bones of people, clothes, weapons, tools, coins, food and even some of the sails. The things and *Vasa* have been very good for historians, because they helps them understand how it was in Sweden in the 1600s. *Vasa* was a very expensive ship and was one of the largest in the world. She had hundreds of sculptures, and they were painted in many colors. She was a symbol of how powerful Sweden wanted to look and how good the Swedish king was.
The **Araluen Zieria** (*Zieria adenophora*), is a small shrub found in only one place, on a slope above the Araluen Creek, near Araluen, New South Wales, Australia. In 2001 there were only 56 known plants. The plants were first collected in 1888, and they were then thought to have become extinct. The Zieria was rediscovered in the late 1980s.

What the plant looks like
-------------------------

It is a small shrub, which is related to the boronia plants. It is about 50 cm (20 in) tall and 50 cm wide, though some plants have grown up to 1 m (3.3 ft) tall. It has a small white or pink flower with four petals, about 3 mm (0.12 in) long. The plant has flowers in spring, from August to October. It also has small green leaves which are trifoliate, as being in three parts like a clover leaf. The leaves have a strong smell.

Where they grow
---------------

The plants have only been found near the Araluen Creek. They are growing on a steep, rocky, hillside.

Endangered
----------

The plant has been listed as Endangered under the Australian Government's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. It is also listed by the New South Wales Government, Endangered (Schedule 1, Part 1) on the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. It is endangered because there are so few of the plants and they are only found in one place. A bushfire could destroy all the plants. There is also a danger from wild goats in the area. The goats do not eat the Zieria, but they could walk on the new seedlings and crush them. The goats might eat all the other plants which could lead to erosion and the soil could be washed away. Weeds growing around the plants might also stop new Zierias from growing.

Saving the plant
----------------

There is now a plan to protect the plant. These plans include:

* A fence to keep out wild goats
* Stopping any building or disturbing the site
* Studying the plant
* Trying to grow new plants in other places
* Looking for the plants in other places.

Other websites
--------------

* Photo of the Araluen Zieria from the Australian Plant Image Index
Time zones of Africa.
**Morocco** uses Central European Time (CET) (UTC+01:00) all year round since 26 October 2018. The country used to observe daylight saving time (DST).

Daylight saving time
--------------------

Morocco first used DST in 1939 and 1940 and again in 1950. It returned in 1967 but was abandoned after that and returned in 1974 and was observed until 1978. After that, Morocco used Western European Time (WET) (UTC+00:00) all year round. In 1984, Morocco changed to Central European Time (CET) (UTC+01:00) and returned to WET in 1986.

In 2008, Morocco once again started using daylight saving time. DST in 2008 started on Sunday 1 June and ended on Monday 1 September. In 2009, it started on Monday 1 June and ended on Friday 21 August. In 2010, DST started on 2 May and ended on 8 August, and in 2011 it started on Sunday 3 April and ended on Sunday 31 July.

In 2012, Morocco changed the rules for DST as it started on the last Sunday in April with a pause during Ramadan, and ending on the last Sunday in September. In 2013, the end of DST shifted to the last Sunday of October and adopted the European daylight saving schedule.

In 2018, Morocco stopped using summer time and moved to Central European Time (CET) (UTC+01:00) all year round. This is the first time Morocco has used CET since 1984.
**Monkton** is an English village on the Canterbury-Ramsgate road. It is at the southwestern edge of the Isle of Thanet, Kent near St Nicholas at Wade and Minster-in-Thanet. The church there is dedicated to Mary Magdalene. Inside the Church is a plaque, commemorating a local soldier, Euncie Rochelle, who died in the Iraq war. Monkton is no longer thought of as a village in its own right and is usually assumed to be part of neighbouring village Minster-in-Thanet.

In the November of 2007, the village exploded, with the remains afterwards being burnt down, with firefighters attempting to put out the blaze, but having so few people and being so far away from any other main towns, the thirty firefighters were unable to reach it in time. However, fortunately, all of Monkton's twenty people were evacuated into safety to nearby Minster. However, Minster was reported to have complained about the overcrowding caused by this and threw out the newcomers, expecting them to go back to the destroyed settlement. Unfortunately for the hamlet, Monkton's largest building, a single storey house, was also lost, and therefore it is thought to take a long time before the people of Monkton are able to resettle in a new place, or whether they will be able to reconstruct some of their old one.

Other websites
--------------

* Monkton Archived 2006-12-17 at the Wayback Machine


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Monkton, Kent***.
*Protea madiensis*
The **Protea** (giant Protea known as Protea cynaroides) is part of an ancient plant family, the Proteaceae, which had already divided into two subfamilies before the break-up of the Gondwanaland continent about 140 million years ago. Both subfamilies, the Proteoideae and the Grevilleoideae, occur mainly in the southern hemisphere. In southern Africa there are about 360 species, mainly from the subfamily Proteoideae, of which more than 330 species are confined to the Cape Foral Kingdom, between Nieuwoudtville in the northwest and Grahamstown in the east. Protea cynaroides belongs to the genus Protea, which has more than 92 species, subspecies and varieties. Other well-known genera of the Proteaceae are the Leucospermum with the brightly coloured "pincushion" flowers, Leucadendron with yellow or red-brown foliage and Serruria, of which the Serruria Florida or "Blushing Bride" with its pale pink flowers is widely used in bridal bouquets. Plants in the subfamily Grevilleoideae occur mainly in Australia. The Protea (Protea cynaroides) is the national flower of South Africa.

The variety in plant size, habit, flower size and colour of the genus Protea was the reason it was named after the Greek god Proteus, who could change his shape at will. The flower bud of Protea cynaroides looks remarkably like the globe artichoke vegetable with the Latin name of Cynara scolymus and this led the botanist Linnaeus to give it the species name cynaroides.

Growth
------

The protea can grow only after a fire. As a simple explanation, it is because the head of this national flower has seeds inside, which can stay tightly sealed in a hard shell for almost 20 years. The shell does not open until it becomes scorched and the fire is all over. The light, fluffy seeds are then blown to the ground by the wind, where they all begin to grow again.
**Protein biosynthesis (synthesis)** is when cells build proteins. The term is sometimes used to refer only to protein translation but more often it refers to a multi-step process.

Amino acids are either synthesised or eaten in food. Then, after the transcription of polypeptide genes, the amino acids are put together. This is done by translation and RNA splicing which produces messenger RNAs. The splicing process produces the final proteins, which then fold up into their protein structure. Then they can function. The plural is used here because, with most genes, the splicing process produces more than one final working protein. One particular Drosophila gene (DSCAM) can be alternatively spliced into 38,000 different mRNA.

Protein biosynthesis differs between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, though parts of the process are the same in both.

Other websites
--------------

* Science aid: protein synthesis For high school
* Protein synthesis
* Transcription Archived 2006-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
Translation Archived 2006-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
* Protein synthesis animation Archived 2007-10-21 at the Wayback Machine Wesleyan University Learning Objects animation of protein synthesis.
* Interactive Java simulation of transcription initiation. Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine From Center for Models of Life Archived 2011-08-09 at the Wayback Machine at the Niels Bohr Institute.
***Zork II: The Wizard of Frobozz*** is an interactive fiction video game published by Infocom in 1981. It was written by Marc Blank, Dave Lebling, Bruce Daniels and Tim Anderson. It was the second game in the popular Zork trilogy. It begins where *Zork I* left off and leads into *Zork III*. It is Infocom's second game.

Plot
----

The player starts in the Barrow from Zork I armed only with the brass lantern and the elvish sword. The purpose of the game is not initially clear.

The Wizard of Frobozz is soon introduced. The wizard was once a good sorcerer, but when his powers began to go away he was exiled by Lord Dimwit Flathead. Now bordering on insanity, the wizard is a force to be reckoned with. Your goal, as you venture into the wizard's area, is to avoid his tricks and learn to control his magic.

Like its predecessor, *Zork II* is essentially a treasure hunt. Unlike the previous game, the ten treasures are tied together by a crude plot. Finding the treasures does not end the game, and finding all the treasures is not needed to finish the game. Instead, the adventurer must figure out a way to use the treasures in order to reach the game's finale.

Other websites
--------------

* View Zork II packaging Archived 2011-01-26 at the Wayback Machine and Play Zork II Archived 2011-01-26 at the Wayback Machine online at the Gallery of Zork.
* *Zork II: The Wizard of Frobozz* at MobyGames
* *Zork II* information and overview Archived 2012-01-27 at the Wayback Machine
* Scans of the *Zork II* package, documentation and feelies
* Infocom-if.org's entry for *Zork II*
* The Infocom Bugs List entry for *Zork II*
* The Dot Eaters page Archived 2013-05-14 at the Wayback Machine featuring a history of the Zork games and Infocom
* Play *Zork II* online at iFiction.org
Illustration by Harry Clarke, 1919
"**The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar**" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. It was first published in 1845. The tale tells of a dying, mesmerized man whose body disintegrates once the trance is lifted. Poe was inspired to write the tale after reading a description of an operation performed upon a mesmerized patient. The tale has a great deal of gore, leading to the speculation that Poe had studied medical texts. "Valdemar" has been adapted to the movies and to radio drama.

Plot
----

The narrator mesmerizes an ill friend, M. Valdemar. Valdemar reports first that he is dying and then that he is dead. The narrator leaves him in a mesmeric state for seven months. During this time Valdemar is without pulse, heartbeat, or breath. His skin is cold and pale. Finally, the narrator tries to wake him. Valdemar's swollen black tongue begs to be returned to sleep or to be fully wakened. He shouts "dead! dead!" repeatedly. The narrator takes Valdemar out of the trance and his body immediately disintegrates into a "nearly liquid mass of loathsome—of detestable putrescence."

Publication history
-------------------

Poe was inspired to write *Valdemar* after reading a letter about an operation on a mesmerized patient. The tale was published in December 1845 in two different New York journals. One used the title "The Facts in M. Valdemar's Case". In England, the tale was published first as "Mesmerism in Articulo Mortis" and later as "The Last Days of M. Valdemar".

Style
-----

Poe employs detailed descriptions and high levels of gore in "Valdemar". He may have studied medical texts. Valdemar's eyes at one point leak a "profuse outflowing of a yellowish ichor", for example. The tale's imagery is summed up in the final lines: "...his whole frame at once — within the space of a single minute, or even less, shrunk—crumbled—absolutely rotted away beneath my hands. Upon the bed, before that whole company, there lay a nearly liquid mass of loathsome—of detestable putrescence." The disgusting imagery probably inspired later fiction including that of H. P. Lovecraft. Those final lines make up one of the most powerfully effective moments in Poe's work, incorporating shock, disgust, and uneasiness into one moment. This ending shows that attempts to appropriate power over death will have hideous results and, therefore, ultimately will be unsuccessful.

Adaptations
-----------

Movie adaptations include a segment in Roger Corman's *Tales of Terror* (1962) and George A. Romero's *Two Evil Eyes* (1990). "Edgar Allan Poe's Valdemar" (2000) was a dramatic adaptation for National Public Radio.

Other websites
--------------


Wikisource has original writing related to this article:
**The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar**

* Full text from E. A. Poe Society
* "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar" with annotated vocabulary at PoeStories.com
* "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar" Free Audio & eText Archived 2012-01-14 at the Wayback Machine
**Poverty in Niger**. Poverty is very common in Niger. This experience has been there for a very long time, which make it one of the poorest countries in the world according to the United Nations in 2015. It is one of the least-developed countries of 188 in the world. In addition, in the 2015 Global Finance Magazine , Niger was number 7 among the 23 poorest countries of the world. Two out of every three persons live below poverty line and, more than 40% of the population earn less than $1 per day. Some of the problems facing Niger are Civil war, terrorism , illness, disease, poverty and hunger where hunger is their major problem.They have the population of 19,899,120 out of which 45.7% live below poverty line.

Food Insecurity in Niger
------------------------

One of the causes of poverty and hunger in Niger is known as food insecurity. Over 1.5 million people were affected in the year 2017. This was as a result of high cost of food, lack of adequate, rainfall, harmed crops and soil infertility. The United Nations record that, the estimated number of people of Niger that are suffering from food insecurity is 3.4 million, where nearly half of the population of children under the age of 5 years are suffering lack of balanced diet. 
Other problems leading to food insecurity in Niger include: Poor agricultural production, lack of finances of the government of Niger. 

The areas of the country mostly affected are: Zinder, Maradi, Tillabéri, Tahoua, and Dosso.
**Poverty in India** is an issue that has been important in India however the population of those in poverty has started to decrease.

The Government of India says that the poverty line for rural areas is **₹ 816** per month and **₹ 1000** per month in urban areas. This means that many people do not have enough money. India's proposed but not yet adopted official poverty line is ₹972 (US$14) a month in rural areas or ₹1,407 (US$21) a month in cities.

In India, the average calorie requirement of an average man is 2400 calories per day in Rural area and 2100 calories per day in Urban area.

Beggar with a Zimmer Frame, Karnataka, 2023
In 2012, the latest report by the Planning Commission of India (Tendulkar Committee) reported that 26% of all people in India fall below the international poverty line of US$1.25 per day. Over the last decade, poverty has been witnessed a consistent decline with the levels dropping from 37.2% in 2004-05 to 29.8% in 2009-10. The number of poor people is now estimated at 250 million.

Analysis
--------

Street children in India selling snacks and drinks to bus passengers
In 1947 the average income in India was similar to South Korea. South Korea became a developed country by the 2000s, but India did not.

For the first 40 years, India followed the Soviet-style economic planning, nationalization programs and government ownership of industry. Its economic growth averaged about 3.5%, while Asian economies such as South Korea grew on average more than twice that rate annually. Adjusted for population growth in India, its income per head grew at 1.49% annually, while incomes of South Koreans - rich and poor - rose rapidly.

India's Soviet-style economy included the "Licence Raj": the elaborate licences, regulations and red tape needed to set up and run a business in India between 1947 and 1990. The License Raj was a result of India's decision to have a planned economy, where all aspects of the economy are controlled by the state. Licences were only given to a select few. Corruption flourished under this system. Under this system, the country created few jobs and little wealth. Widespread poverty remained.

> The labyrinthine bureaucracy often led to absurd restrictions – up to 80 agencies had to be satisfied before a firm could be granted a licence to produce and the state would decide what was produced, how much, at what price and what sources of capital were used.
> 
> — BBC
Neutrois flag
**Neutrois** is a non-binary gender identity that is usually associated with gender neutrality or the nullification of gender. Neutrois is often translated as indifference towards or lack of gender in the individual, similar to or including those who are agender. The term is often used by those who experience gender dysphoria and/or gender euphoria who may seek medical and/or social gender transitions to have a more neutral or androgynous appearance. Those who are neutrois may have complex gender identities, or be indifferent to their gender. Many people who are neutrois avoid gender expression which is strictly associated with femininity or masculinity.

Etymology
---------

Neutrois combines *neutre* (French: *neutral* or neuter), and *trois* (French: *three*), meaning neutral third, as in third gender.

History and use of the term
---------------------------

Gender symbol (⚲)
The term neutrois was coined by H. A. Burnham in 1995.

In February 2014, Facebook launched Neutrois as one of the 50 identity preset options available for users to select from.

Resources
---------

1. ↑  "Definition of neutrois | Dictionary.com". *www.dictionary.com*. Retrieved 2020-01-09.
2. ↑  "Neutrois". *Gender Construction Kit*. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
3. ↑  Mardell, Ashley (2016-11-08). *The ABC's of LGBT+*. Mango Media Inc. ISBN 9781633534087.
4. ↑  "Neither Man Nor Woman: Meet the Agender". *The Cut*. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
5. ↑  "What is Neutrois? - Agender. Neutral-gender. Neither male nor female". *Mermaids*. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
6. ↑  "Which gender are you: Neutrois or Two-Spirit? | Christopher Silvester". *The Critic Magazine*. 2020-10-01. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
7. 1 2 3  Wynne, Griffin (2021-08-25). "Here's What It Means to Be Neutrois". *Cosmopolitan*. Retrieved 2021-09-07.
8. ↑  Sparkes, Matthew (2014-02-14). "Facebook sex changes: which one of 50 genders are you?". *The Daily Telegraph*. ISSN 0307-1235.
***The Experts*** is a 1989 American Cold War comedy movie starring John Travolta, Arye Gross and Kelly Preston. It was written by Steven Greene, Eric Alter, and Nick Thiel and directed by Dave Thomas. The movie was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

Plot
----

Two American nightclub owners from New York City, Travis (John Travolta) and Wendell (Arye Gross) are drugged and kidnapped while on their way to opening a nightclub in rural Nebraska. The KGB spy Cameron Smith (Charles Martin Smith) takes them to the Soviet Union, as "experts" on the "American lifestyle" with the intention of teaching KGB spies to be like Americans. And under the influence of drugs they think they have arrived in "Nebraska" to open the nightclub. Travis and Wendell are brought to the phony town of "Indian Springs", which is populated by Russians who speak perfect American English and act like Americans. KGB spies go there to study "American people" and "American culture", but is stuck in the 1950s. The KGB spy Smith is in charge of the "typical American town" built for espionage-training purposes and hopes that his fellow spies will learn real American culture. But things get out of control when Travis and Wendell introduce their fellow "American" neighbors current pop culture, turn a bar into a rock music club and teach the townsfolk to dance. Both also flirt with local women. 
Travis and Wendell increasingly become suspicious, but when they get lost in a forest and stumble upon a military base where everyone is speaking Russian, they realize that they are actually in the Soviet Union. Things also get dangerous when the townsfolk taste freedom, and the KGB decides to stop the experiment and kill the American "guests", who have to find ways to flee the country.

Cast
----

* John Travolta as Travis
* Arye Gross as Wendell
* Kelly Preston as Bonnie
* Deborah Foreman as Jill
* James Keach as Yuri
* Jan Rubeš as Illyich
* Brian Doyle-Murray as Mr. Jones
* Charles Martin Smith as Mr. Cameron Smith
* Mimi Maynard as Betty Smith
* Eve Brent as Aunt Thelma
* Rick Ducommun as Sparks
* Steve Levitt as Gil
* Tony Edwards as Nathan
* David Mcalpine as Farmboy

Reception
---------

*The Experts* did very badly at the box office (it was a massive "box office bomb"); its budget was estimated at $3 million and the box office was only $169,203. The film was also badly criticized by the film critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a positive rating of only 26% from the audience.

Other websites
--------------

* *The Experts* on IMDb
* *The Experts* at Rotten Tomatoes
* *The Experts* at Box Office Mojo
**Timbuktu** is a city in Tombouctou Region, Mali. Sankore University and other madrasas are in the city. The city was important for thinking and for religion in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was important in spreading Islam through Africa at that time. There are three great mosques: Djingareyber, Sankore and Sidi Yahya. They are reminders of Timbuktu's golden age. They are always being fixed, but are threatened because the desert is spreading.

Songhay, Tuareg, Fulani, and Mandé people live in Timbuktu. It is about 15 km north of the Niger River. There is a route across the Sahara Desert from east to west and this is used for trade. There is another from north to south. These two routes meet in Timbuktu. It is an *entrepôt* for rock salt from Taoudenni. This means that the salt is brought here and sold to other people to take it somewhere else, but no tax is charged.

Its location helped different people meet, so local people, Berbers and Arabs met here. It has a long history of mixed African trade, so it became famous in Europe for this reason. Therefore, western people often thought of Timbuktu as being exotic. It has a hot desert climate (*BWh* in the Koeppen climate classification).

Timbuktu has given a lot of research and study to Islam and to the world. Important books were written and copied in Timbuktu in the 14th century. This made the city become the center of writing in Africa.
**Valhalla Entertainment Productions, Inc.** is an American movie and television production studio. Their productions include among others AMC's *The Walking Dead* television series, its companion series, *Fear the Walking Dead,* and the spin-off, *The Walking Dead: World Beyond.*

History
-------

Formerly Pacific Western Productions, the studio was established by producer Gale Anne Hurd in 1982 and it was folded into Valhalla Motion Pictures in 2000.[*source?*]

In 1988, Gale Anne Hurd established a label **No Frills Film**, devoted to producing low-budget and independent movies, usually with the nature of B-movie. In 1993, No Frills Film was merged into Pacific Western Productions.[*source?*]

Five years later, Gale Anne Hurd established another production label, **Valhalla Motion Pictures**, which was ultimately merged with Pacific Western Productions in 2000. The same year it signed a first-look contract with Kinowelt USA, which was acquired by StudioCanal after Kinowelt was forced into bankruptcy.

In 2001, Valhalla Motion Pictures established a television division that its main focus was on producing television series and movies for networks and syndication.

Valhalla had an overall contract with Universal Cable Productions to creating new television and web series, which was renewed in 2015. Valhalla produced USA Network's drama series, *Falling Water*, and Amazon's original series, *Lore*.

In the comic book industry, Valhalla has created a six-issue miniseries comic book, *The Scourge*, for Aspen Comics, and a four-issue comic book miniseries, *ANTI*, for 12 Gauge Comics. *Dead Man's Run*, which was created for Aspen Comics by Greg Pak.

On February 7, 2017, Valhalla Motion Pictures merged into Valhalla Entertainment, which was originally established in 1996.[*source?*]

Logo
----

On March 24, 2016, the United States Patent and Trademark Office denied a trademark registration by Valhalla Game Studios on the grounds there was likelihood of confusion between Valhalla Motion Pictures and Valhalla Games Studios' mark.

Other websites
--------------

* Official website
* Valhalla Entertainment at the Internet Movie Database
* Official Twitter page
* Official Facebook page
The Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for:

 ***negligence***.

In law, **negligence** is a kind of legal claim that people and organizations can bring if they are hurt. It is a kind of tort. The law calls someone **negligent** if he hurts someone else, or someone else's property, because he was not careful enough. In a legal case about negligence, the person who brings the lawsuit is called the plaintiff and the person who is being sued is called the defendant.

Negligence case
---------------

The law about negligence is different in many places (or jurisdictions), but for the plaintiff to win, he or she usually has to prove at least four things:

* the defendant had a duty to behave in a certain way;
* the defendant breached that duty;
* the plaintiff was *damaged*, or harmed as a result; and
* the breach of duty was the cause reasonably predictable cause of the plaintiff's harm.

### Duty

The defendant's *duty* is what the law says that he or she has to do. Usually, the law says that people have to be *reasonable*. That means they have to be careful, use good judgment, and not be unfair to other people. In some cases, the law tells people that they have special duties. In other cases, the law says that people have no duties at all. For example, in most places that use the common law, a person has no legal duty to rescue another person from harm, even if the rescue is very easy and does not cost anything or put anyone else in danger.

### Breach

When people do not follow their duty, the law says that they *breach* their duty.

### Harm

A plaintiff can usually bring a lawsuit only if he or she has been hurt, or has some other legal harm. The law tells people what kinds of injuries people can sue about.

### Cause

A plaintiff can usually sue a defendant only if that defendant was the one who hurt the plaintiff. In many cases, it is easy to figure out who hurt someone. But sometimes people get hurt in ways that nobody expects. For example, a defendant might be driving while drunk, and he might hit an electric pole. The electric pole could fall down and cause a neighborhood to lose electric power. As a result, a person two miles away might trip and fall in the dark. The law will decide whether the drunk driver *caused* the person to trip and fall.

Outside the law
---------------

The word *negligence* is sometimes used outside the law in a similar way. It means that someone has not been careful enough.
Marie Antoinette, 1780-5
The **Petit Théâtre de la Reine** (English: The Queen's Theatre) is a small theatre at Versailles near the Petit Trianon. It was designed and built in 1780 on the orders of Marie Antoinette. Her favorite architect Richard Mique did the work. The theatre seats only 100. It was intended for performances by the Queen and her family and friends. At the period, many aristocrats had such small theatres on their country estates to pass the time performing plays and operas. 

Mique's exterior is plain, simple, and even severe. The interior is rich with gold, blue, and white decoration. The interior is a wooden room painted to resemble marble. The stage machinery still exists. 

In 1780, the Queen and her friends played Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny's *Le Roi et le fermier* (The King and the Farmer, 1762) in the little theatre. The original forest set and rustic cottage set have survived. They were restored in the 19th century. They were in use in February 2012 for performances of *Le Roi* at the Versailles Opera.

Gallery
-------

* EntranceEntrance
* CeilingCeiling
* InteriorInterior
* InteriorInterior
* InteriorInterior
* Cottage set for Le Roi and le fermierCottage set for *Le Roi and le fermier*
* ExteriorExterior
See the main article: University of California
The seal of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)The seal of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
The **University of California, Los Angeles**, or UCLA, is a university in Los Angeles, California. It was started in 1919. It is often listed among America's best universities. 

Janss Steps, UCLA, Los Angeles.
The school was originally a college for teachers, but became a university in 1919, and has been called UCLA since 1927. It was originally in Hollywood, but is now in Westwood. In 1950, it gained independence from the University of California, Berkeley. During the 1960s and 1970s, there were many student protests .

The school has buildings designed by several famous architects, numerous gardens, fountains, and museums. It has academic programs in many fields, including a very famous Film School and medical programs in association with several hospitals.

UCLA has many good sports teams on the Division I level. Their teams, which play in the Pacific-12 Conference, are called the Bruins, or small bears. These teams have won 103 championships. The basketball team plays in Pauley Pavilion and has won 11 championships with players such as Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Bill Walton and Gail Goodrich. The football team plays in the Rose Bowl stadium, site of the bowl game of the same name. UCLA also has good volleyball and water polo teams, and has sent hundreds of athletes to the Olympic Games. UCLA has a strong rivalry with USC, the other university in Los Angeles, in all sports. There are lesser rivalries with Stanford, Cal and Notre Dame.

Notable Alumni
--------------

* Mayim Bialik actress and neuroscientist
* Nicolas Sadirac (1986), founder and current head of the *École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies*

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***University of California, Los Angeles***.

* UCLA official website

### References

1. ↑  Ko, Amy (1999). "Caught on Tape: Voices from UCLA's Past". *UCLA Today*. Archived from the original on 2006-09-01. Retrieved 2008-01-25.
2. ↑  (in French)Nicolas Sadirac (Epitech) : «Un diplôme d’informatique chinois aura une très grande valeur» Archived 2013-10-17 at the Wayback Machine

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**Vulnicura** is the ninth studio album by Icelandic singer-songwriter Björk released in March 2015. The album deals the break-up with her long-time partner Matthew Barney chronologically. The name Vulnicura is a latin word that means "Cure for wounds".

The album was produced by Björk, Venezuelan producer Arca and British producer The Haxan Cloak. To promote the album, Björk embarked in the Vulnicura Tour. No song was released as promotional single.

It received universal acclaim from music critics and drew comparison to Björk previous albums Homogenic (1997) and Vespertine due to its instrumentation (strings and electronic beats) as well as its lyrical content.

Two different versions of the album were released during 2015 and 2016: Vulnicura Strings, which feature all the songs with new string arrangements, and Vulnicura Live, featuring Live versions of the album tracks as well as songs from her previous albums with new arrangements.

Tracklist
---------

1. Stonemilker
2. Lionsong
3. History of Touches
4. Black Lake
5. Family
6. Notget
7. Atom Dance (feat. Anohni)
8. Mouth Mantra
9. Quicksand
**Mariner 2** was a NASA spacecraft. It was the second spacecraft in the Mariner program. Mariner 2 was the first successful mission from Earth to another planet.

Mission
-------

Mariner 2 was launched on August 27, 1962 aboard an Atlas-Agena B rocket at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The aim of the Mariner 2 mission was to fly-by the planet Venus and return information on the planet's atmosphere, magnetic field, charged particle environment, and mass. Mariner 2 was at its closest to Venus, at a distance of 34,773 km, on December 14, 1962. Orbital perihelion was on December 27, 105,464,560 km away. The last radio signal from Mariner 2 was received on January 3, 1963. Mariner 2 is still orbiting around the Sun today.

Design
------

The spacecraft's design was exactly the same as that of Mariner 1. Mariner 1 was the first spacecraft in the Mariner program, but it had to be destroyed shortly after launch because its trajectory was wrong.

Discoveries
-----------

The spacecraft found out that the surface temperature on Venus was at least 425 °C (797 °F), on both the day and night sides. It discovered that Venus rotates in the opposite direction from most planets in the Solar System. The spacecraft also found that the atmosphere of Venus is mostly of carbon dioxide and that there is a very high pressure at the planet's surface. Continuous cloud cover was detected but no magnetic field was, however. It also found that solar wind is continuous and that the density of cosmic dust between planets is much lower than it is near Earth.

Other websites
--------------

* "Mariner 2". NASA. Archived from the original on 2015-01-18. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
* "Mariner 2". NASA. Archived from the original on 2011-10-17. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
A log scale makes it easy to compare values that cover a large range, such as in this map
A **logarithmic scale** is a scale used when there is a large range of quantities. Common uses include earthquake strength, sound loudness, light intensity, spreading rates of epidemics, and pH of solutions.

It is based on orders of magnitude, rather than a standard linear scale. The value of each mark on the scale is the value at the previous mark multiplied by a constant.

Logarithmic scales are also used in slide rules for multiplying or dividing numbers by adding or subtracting lengths on the scales.

The two logarithmic scales of a slide rule
The logarithmic scale can be helpful when the data cover a large range of values – the logarithm reduces this to a more manageable range. 

Some of our senses operate in a logarithmic fashion (multiplying the actual input strength adds a constant to the perceived signal strength, see: Stevens' power law). That makes logarithmic scales for these input quantities especially appropriate. In particular, our sense of hearing perceives equal *multiples* of frequencies as equal *differences* in pitch.

On most logarithmic scales, *small* multiples (or ratios) of the underlying quantity correspond to *small* (possibly negative) values of the logarithmic measure.

Examples
--------

Well-known examples of such scales are:

* Richter magnitude scale and moment magnitude scale (MMS) for strength of earthquakes and movement in the earth.
* bel and decibel and neper for acoustic power (loudness) and electric power;
* counting f-stops for ratios of photographic exposure;
* rating low probabilities by the number of 'nines' in the decimal expansion of the probability of their not happening: for example, a system which will fail with a probability of 10−5 is 99.999% reliable: "five nines".
* Entropy in thermodynamics.
* Information in information theory.
* Particle size distribution curves of soil

Some logarithmic scales were designed such that *large* values (or ratios) of the underlying quantity correspond to *small* values of the logarithmic measure. Examples of such scales are:

* pH for acidity;
* stellar magnitude scale for brightness of stars;

A logarithmic scale is also a graphical scale on one or both sides of a graph where a number *x* is printed at a distance *c*·log(*x*) from the point marked with the number 1. A slide rule has logarithmic scales, and nomograms often employ logarithmic scales. On a logarithmic scale an equal difference in order of magnitude is represented by an equal distance. The geometric mean of two numbers is midway between the numbers. 

**Logarithmic graph paper**, before the advent of computer graphics, was a basic scientific tool. Plots on paper with one log scale can show up exponential laws, and on log-log paper power laws, as straight lines (see semilog graph, log-log graph).
Mario + Rabbids Kingdom Battle is a turn-based tactical title for the Nintendo Switch and a crossover between Nintendo's Mario series and Ubisoft's Rabbids series, being the first in the Mario + Rabbids series of games. It is the first tactics game in the Mario franchise, and it also incorporates some role-playing elements. The game sees Mario and his friends trying to restore order in the Mushroom Kingdom after Rabbids invade and fuse it with their own world using a powerful merging device. In overworld sections, the player takes control of Beep-0, a robotic assistant who guides characters in tow and can perform various actions to solve puzzles and find secrets. Throughout their journey, the heroes frequently engage in turn-based battles with enemy Rabbids during which they must complete objectives such as defeating a number of enemies or escorting a supporting character to a certain spot. Each character's abilities in battle can be customized and upgraded via a skill tree.

The game presents a single-player story mode, which involves the above, and a local co-operative mode with separate stages in which multiple human players can face off against enemy Rabbids. A Versus mode was added through an update, enabling players to battle each other locally. The game also offers paid add-on content with new weapons, challenges, and a story expansion focusing on Donkey Kong.

Ubisoft published the game for most territories (the Americas, EMEA, Oceania, Southeast Asia) in August 2017, whilst Nintendo themselves published the game for Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Taiwan in January 2018, although Ubisoft would later re-publish the game digitally for Hong Kong in June 2018. Ubisoft's Chinese partner, Bihan Internet Technology, would eventually publish the game for mainland China in February 2022.

A sequel, Mario + Rabbids Sparks of Hope, was released on October 20, 2022 in most countries.
**Mark Driscoll** (born October 11, 1970) is an American pastor and author. He is the co-founder and pastor for preaching of Mars Hill Church in Seattle, Washington. Driscoll also co-founded the Acts 29 Network Church Building Network, and has written articles for the "Faith and Values" section of the *Seattle Times* newspaper. He also helped start *The Resurgence*, a collection of missionary theology resources.

Early life and education
------------------------

He was born in Grand Forks, North Dakota and in 1989, he graduated from Highline High School in Burien, Washington, where he was the student body president and also wrote for the school newspaper. He earned a bachelor's degree in communications from Washington State University with a minor in philosophy and holds a Master of Arts degree in exegetical theology from Western Seminary.

Other websites
--------------

* Brian McLaren on the Homosexual Question 3: A Prologue and Rant by Mark Driscoll Archived 2009-02-10 at the Wayback Machine a 'rant' by Driscoll against McLaren. Note that Driscoll later apologized for this 'rant' on his blog.
* Article in Christianity Today
* Mars Hill Church Homepage Archived 2010-11-28 at the Wayback Machine
* Acts 29 Network 'that exists to start churches that plant churches'
* The Resurgence