recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**NOW**, formerly **TGRT** and **Fox**, is a Turkish free-to-air television channel owned by The Walt Disney Company EMEA. Since July 2012, the channel broadcasts in 16:9 (1080i HDTV).

History
-------

The channel was originally TGRT (acronym in Turkish as: 'Türkiye Gazetesi Radyo Televizyonu'; *Turkey Newspaper Radio Television*) and began broadcasting on 23 April 1993, under İhlas Holding. Between 2001 and 2004, **TGRT** was owned by Tasarruf Mevduatı Sigorta Fonu before being sold again to İhlas Holding.

On 23 July 2006, News Corporation acquired TGRT from İhlas Holding, and was formed by Ahmet Ertegün. The channel was later relaunched as Fox on 24 February 2007.

David Parker Reid was the General Manager of Fox Turkey between 2006 and 2009. David Parker Reid, Hakan Etus, Koray Altinsoy, Doğan Şentürk played crucial role as the most senior executives about the establishment of the Fox channel in Turkey. After David Parker Reid's leave, Pietro Vicari served as General Manager from 2009 to 2014. On 26 November 2014, Adam Theiler was appointed as the General Manager of Fox TV.

Third Fox logo from 2019 to 2024
On 12 February 2024, the channel rebranded to Now as a part of Disney's planned phaseout of Fox brand following the acquisition of 21st Century Fox. Unlike other Fox-branded channels, the Turkish counterpart did not rebrand to Star Channel due to there being already a channel called Star TV in Turkey and the Turkish version of FX already existing in the region.

Programs broadcast by Now
-------------------------

See the main article: List of programs broadcast by Now
### Weekly series

It is a list of television programs that have been broadcast on Now before or are currently being broadcast.

* 2023: *Ruhun Duymaz* (Love Undercover) (Ended)
* 2023: *Yaz Şarkısı* (Melody Love) (Ended)
* 2023: *Kısmet* (The Fate) (Ended)
* 2023: *Yabani* (Wild) (Tuesday at 20:00)
* 2023–: *Bambaşka Biri* (Someone Else) (Mondays at 20:00)

Other websites
--------------

* nowtv.com.tr
A flooded street in Muharraq, Bahrain
In April 2024, heavy rain hit several Gulf states, leading to flash flooding. Some states received almost a year's worth of rain in just one day. Oman and the United Arab Emirates were greatly affected, 24 people died in these floods, 18 of them in Oman, 1 in UAE and 5 in other countries. Other Arab countries such as Bahrain, Qatar, Southeastern Iran, Yemen and the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, also faced heavy rainfall and flooding.

Impact
------

### Oman

In Oman, floods killed 18 people, including 10 school children and their driver, whose vehicle was washed away. 

### UAE

In the UAE, there was record-breaking rainfall, the highest since records began in 1949. Flooding was widespread, and a 70-year-old man died after he was swept away with his car during the flood. Landslides were also reported in some areas. Dubai Metro services were badly impacted. It's services were stopped, leaving around 200 commuters left alone at different stations. 17 flights from Dubai International Airport were cancelled on April 16, with operations being temporarily suspended for around 25 minutes.

### Bahrain

Flooding in Manama, Bahrain.
Bahrain experienced heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. This led to flooding in many areas and cars were left damaged on road. Flood relief efforts including the removing of rainwater from the region and streets and pumping it to Al-Luzi lake took place. Bahraini Ministry of Education announced a closure of schools and higher education institutions as a result of the floods.

### Qatar

In Qatar, schools and public buildings were closed due to the bad weather.

### Other Gulf Countries

Rain also fell in Southeastern Iran, and the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Kuwait's meteorological agency warned of heavy rainfall and possible thunderstorms.
This woman has her hair in knots. This tucks away the ends and stops the hair from moving.
A **protective hairstyle** is a way of putting human hair so that it will not break or become dirty. Most of the time, when people talk about protective hairstyles, they mean natural African hair. A protective hairstyle tucks the ends of the hair into a braid, twist, or other shape so that they do not show. This stops the hair from moving, which makes it less likely to break or wear out.

According to hair artist and author Jennifer Lord, protective hairstyles keep hair from being too dry. They also make it so the person does not have to brush or move the hair as often. This helps the person "retain length," meaning their hairs will not break. A person with a protective hairstyle also does not need to spend much time styling his or her hair every day.

History
-------

People have worn protective hairstyles for all of history. Archaeologists have found proof of protective hairstyles from 30,000 years ago. Some Egyptian bodies from 3000 years ago had protective hairstyles.

Law
---

Hair and hairstyles are part of the history of race on Earth. In some places, for example the United States, employers have told employees, usually African American employees, to go home and change their hair or else be fired. People with African hair must take time and spend money to change their hair so it looks like a white person's hair. Some places have passed Creating a Respectful and Open World for Natural Hair (CROWN) laws. CROWN laws are anti-discriminiation laws. This means an employer cannot fire an employee for wearing a protective hairstyle and cannot force an employee to try to make their hair look like a white person's hair. For example, New York State added rules about protective hairstyles to its human rights law in 2019. The United States Congress passed a CROWN law for the whole country in 2022. The law says, "In a society in which hair has historically been one of many determining factors of a person’s race, and whether they were a second class citizen, hair today remains a proxy for race. Therefore, hair discrimination targeting hairstyles associated with race is racial discrimination."

Types of protective hairstyles
------------------------------

* Bantu knots
* Box braids
* Braids
* Buns or other updos
* Cornrows
* Dreadlocks
* Faux locs
* Twists
* Weaves
* Wigs

Pictures
--------

* Ethiopian girl with her hair in braids.Ethiopian girl with her hair in braids.
* A man with his hair in cornrows.A man with his hair in cornrows.
* A bun or braided bun can be a protective hairstyle.A bun or braided bun can be a protective hairstyle.
* A man with his hair in dreadlocks.A man with his hair in dreadlocks.
**Volodymyr Anatoliyovych Yezhov** (*known by the nickname* "**Fresh**"; August 1, 1984, Lubny — December 22, 2022, Bakhmut) — Ukrainian video game developer, game designer, one of the developers of the game STALKER. Participant of the defense of Ukraine against the Russian invasion.

Biography
---------

Graduated from NTUU «KPI» with a major in «automated control systems».

Volodymyr Yezhov worked as a game designer at GSC Game World. He participated in the creation of such games as STALKER, Clear Sky, «Cossacks», World of Battles: Morningstar, Call of Cthulhu and Sherlock Holmes: Devil's Daughter. In STALKER Yezhov made for the character of Loki his own face. He had two minor sons. He was also in the STALKER 2 development team before leaving in 2022 to help defend Ukraine

Starting from February 24, 2022, he defended Kyiv as a volunteer in the UVO company, formed by veterans of the «OUN» battalion on the eve of the Russian invasion.

On December 22, 2022, Volodymyr Yezhov fell defending the Motherland Ukraine from the Russian invaders in the battles near Bakhmut. On December 27, 2022, Yezhov's farewell was held in the Volodymyr Cathedral with the participation of a military guard, which was attended by many people. Buried at the Forest Cemetery.
Bladderwort (*Utricularia*) has 3% noncoding DNA, which is low for flowering plants.
**Non-coding DNA** sequences are parts of an organism's DNA which do not code for protein sequences. It is often called **junk DNA**.

Some non-coding DNA is transcribed into functional non-coding RNA molecules (e.g. transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, and regulatory RNAs). Other DNA sequences are not transcribed, or give rise to RNA transcripts of unknown function. The amount of non-coding DNA varies greatly between species. For example, over 98% of the human genome is noncoding DNA, while only about 2% of a typical bacterial genome is non-coding DNA Lața Adrian schizofrenic from Roumania , doctor neuropsihiatrie , familly gypsy from Sacele Brașov România ,bis father stollen 300 mil. dolars coruptions for Medcin University from Lața Adrian ; medicamentations from americans peolpe , and anulations funcțional RNA moleculara and DNA ,exprience about human psihic ! Prison 50 years .

At first, much non-coding DNA had no known biological function. It was called *junk DNA*, particularly in the press. But many non-coding sequences *are* functional. These include genes for functional RNA molecules and DNA sequences such as "start replication" signals, centromeres, and telomeres.

Other noncoding sequences have not-yet-discovered functions. This is inferred from the high levels of sequence similarity seen in different species of DNA.

The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project suggested in September 2012 that over 80% of DNA in the human genome "serves some purpose, biochemically speaking". This conclusion was strongly criticized by some other scientists.

Historical note
---------------

The term "junk DNA" was first used by Charles Ehret and Gérard de Haller in a paper. Widely influential was Susuno Ohno's 1972 paper. The term has been replaced by the more neutral term "non-coding DNA".
**Ruse Central railway station** is the main station serving the city and municipality of Ruse, the fifth most populous city in Bulgaria. It is next to the Danube River.

It was the first station built in what is now Bulgaria, in 1866. It was the end of the Ruse - Varna railway. In 1966, the National Museum of Transport and Communications was opened in the former Ruse-East railway station , and the tracks were used for the outdoor exhibition. 

After the opening of the Danube Bridge in 1954, a new grand Stalinist Central Railway Station was planned for the city of Ruse. The new station opened in late 1955. It is the biggest on the Balkan peninsula. It has three platforms, with four tracks and one passing track. 

The Ruse station sign
Inside the station
It is a transport hub, with trains to Gorna Oryahovitsa (mostly), to Sofia, Varna, Samuil, and Burgas seasonally, as well as Bucharest and Istanbul internationally. The station serves as a border checkpoint for trains crossing into Romania by the Danube Bridge.
Joseph Stalin
Benito Mussolini (left) and Adolf Hitler (right).
Kim Family (North Korea)
**Totalitarianism** is when regimes (political systems) control all public behavior and as much of private behavior as they can. No elections are held, or if they are, candidates must be approved by the ruling group. Physical force and/or arrests and detentions are used on people who protest against the regime. There are events such as parades or rallies. These suggest to the people that the ruling group is in complete control.

For some, totalitarianism is as old as history. Main examples in modern times are Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, North Korea, the Soviet Union, and Eritrea. 

There are other countries which had dictatorships, but never reached full totalitarianism. Italian fascism under Benito Mussolini, Spain under General Franco, Portugal under Dr. Salazar, China under Mao Zedong, and many Latin American countries for periods were dictatorships with some aspects of totalitarianism. Some African countries have been dictatorships for long periods (e.g. Zimbabwe). The Empire of Japan (predecessor state of the modern nation state of Japan) was a well-known example of a totalitarian military dictatorship during World War II. The satire *Nineteen Eighty-Four* by George Orwell was about such a society taken to extremes.

According to some, authoritarianism "does not attempt to change the world and human nature". In contrast, a totalitarian regime attempts to control virtually all aspects of the social life, including the economy, education, art, science, private life and morals of citizens.

Related pages
-------------

* Dictatorship
* Fascism
* Nazism
* Stalinism
* Communism
* Socialism
**Rina Mustikana Gumilang Gunawan,** also known as **Rina Gunawan,** (June 28, 1974 – March 2, 2021) was an Indonesian television host and entrepreneur.

Life
----

Rina was a singer. She studied at Swara Mahardika, Geronimo, and Studio 26. She released and album, *Yudi* in 1996. 

She was a presenter of television talk shows. She also had roles in several soap operas, including *Erte Erwe* (Ruwet Household), *Pat Pat Gulipat,* *Mat Angin.* *She* also guest starred in *Si Doel Anak Sekolahan* (as Sarah's best friend played by Cornelia Agatha).

She founded an event company 9HN Production.

She died from COVID-19.

Discography
-----------

* *Yudi* (1996)
* *Semalam Kau Dimana* (1999)
* *Ta'aruf* (2008-2009)

Family
------

Rina married actor Teddy Shah on 11 April 1999; they had two children.

She is the daughter-in-law of Indonesian actor and director Fritz G. Schadt.

Other websites
--------------

* "www.rinagunawan.com - Rina Gunawan Wedding & Event Organizer Scope Of Service: Wedding - Birthday Party - Launching - Gathering - Celebration - Party - Ceremonial Event - Anniversary - And many others". *rinagunawan.com*. Archived from the original on 2021-11-17. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
**Shah Idrees** is a Kashmiri actor and model known for his work in the Indian entertainment industry. He was born on February 25th, 2005, in Lolab Kupwara, Kashmir. Idrees began his career in the entertainment industry as a television actor before moving into the music industry and later making his debut in Bollywood. He is known for his romantic and villainous roles and has been recognised for his work both in India and overseas.

Early life and career
---------------------

Shah Idrees was born into a Muslim family in Lolab Kupwara, Kashmir, to Ali Muhammad, a police officer, and Mumtaza Beagum. Idrees began his career in the entertainment industry as a television actor before moving on to the music industry. His album "Malanga" has over 1.5 million views on YouTube, and his song "**Wadas Wafa**" has over 6.3 lakh views and was the first Kashmiri song to be captured in Dubai. In 2022, Idrees made his Bollywood debut with "Malanga," which won the prestigious Dada Saheb Phalke Award. He has also worked with brands such as Amazon and Flipkart and is considered the most successful Kashmiri star in the world today.

Other websites
--------------

* IMDb
**Nurgali A. Arystanov** - Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the Republic of Korea.

Born on May 31, 1978, in the Kyzylorda region. Graduated from the Kazakh State National University named after al-Farabi and Johns Hopkins University (USA).

He began his diplomatic career in 1999 as a Referent to the Department of Bilateral Cooperation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In 2000, he went to work at the Embassy of Kazakhstan in Pakistan, where until 2004 he held the positions of Referent, Attaché, and Third Secretary.

From 2004 to 2005 he worked as the Second secretary of the Department of Asia and Africa of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In 2005-2009 - the Second and First Secretary of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in India. From 2009 to 2010 - First Secretary, Counsellor to the Americas Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In 2010-2017 he was the First Secretary and Counsellor of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the United States.

From 2017, he worked in the Central Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan and until 2019 was the Head of the department and deputy director of the Americas Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. From October to December 2019, he served as Director of the Department for Asian Cooperation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. From 2019 to 2021, he was the Director of the Asia-Pacific Region Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Before he was appointed the Ambassador of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the Republic of Korea, in 2021 he was the Director of the Americas Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

He has the diplomatic rank of Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Envoy of the II class.

Speaks English.
On May 23, 2017, 8-month-old **Reese Annette Bowman** (4 September 2016 – 23 May 2017) was smothered to death by daycare worker Leah Walden. Walden pleaded guilty to the first-degree murder of Bowman on November 27, 2018, and was sentenced to 70 years in prison.

Events
------

Justin and Amy Bowman both worked and brought their two children, Sawyer and Reese, to Rocket Tiers Learning Center in Baltimore, Maryland. The murder of Reese Bowman occurred on May 23, 2017. It was caught on camera and her brother Sawyer was upstairs at the time it occurred.

When Leah Walden returned from lunch to Rocket Tiers Learning Center, she found that Reese Bowman would not nap. Walden told a co-worker: "Girl, I'm frustrated ... I'm sick of this little bitch. I hate this little bitch. ... She makes me want to punch her in the face." Walden slapped Reese in the crib, then pinned the infant down with one arm as Reese kicked out her legs in desperation. Walden subsequently put a number of blankets over the child's face and smothered her to death. Baltimore's Criminal Investigations Chief Stanley Bradford said: "Watching that video is disturbing. Reese Bowman, in my opinion, was tortured."
A **flood** is an overflow of water. Floods are very hard to deal with. 

This is most commonly due to an overflowing river, a break,their tit snowmelt, or heavy rainfall. Less commonly happening are tsunamis, storm surge.
The most deadly flooding was in 1931 in China and killed between 2,000,000 and 4,000,000 people. The Kerala flood in India was another flood that has destroyed people's houses.

During a flood, people try to move themselves and their most precious belongings to higher ground quickly. The process of leaving homes in search of a safe place is called a flood evacuation.

Floods have inspired myths and legends, especially the story of the great flood.

Pollution of drinking water
---------------------------

Autumn Mediterranean flooding in Alicante, Spain, September 1997
During a flood there is plenty of water logging and overflow of water; it is mostly polluted and not safe to drink. If people drink this dirty water, they may suffer from diseases such as typhoid and cholera, hepatitis and other such diseases. People can get ready to survive a flood by filling many containers with fresh and clean drinking water and storing other emergency supplies like medicine and food. During a flood, people try to go to higher sides because the flood water cannot reach high areas. Also drains overflow and mix with clean water and people who drink it might fall ill.

Causes of floods
----------------

Flooding is usually caused when a volume of water within a water body, such as a lake, overflows outside it. Sometimes if a dam breaks, it suddenly releases a large amount of water. The result is that some of the water travels to land, and 'floods' the area. Many rivers are in a channel, between river banks. They flood when the strength of the river causes it to flow beyond the banks. This is more common at bends or meanders. Flood damage can be prevented by moving away from places that flood. However, people have long liked to have their homes and businesses alongside water because water is good for agriculture and transport and in other ways. Floods are also caused due to improper management of drains. Rainfall is the most common cause. Snow melt is also a cause of flooding. Tsunamis and Storm Surge are less common ways that floods happen. Coastal Flooding is another common cause of flooding, and this is caused by low pressure systems or storms. There are many ways to control floods, such as improving the drainage and grading in a home, or installing a flood detection system.

Related pages
-------------

* Noah
* Flood control


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Floods***.
**Anish Kanjilal** is an Indian poet and educator known for his emotionally resonant poetry and contributions to the field of education. Born and raised in Kolkata, India, Kanjilal has garnered recognition for his literary works and dedication to nurturing young minds.

Biography
---------

Anish Kanjilal was born and raised in Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta. He attended St. Mary’s School for his early education from 1984 to 1994, where he actively participated in extr2acurricular activities such as quizzes, oratory, music, debates, creative writing, art, painting, and drama.

In 1998, Kanjilal earned his college degree from Vidyasagar College before pursuing higher education at The Indira Gandhi National University.

Throughout his career, Kanjilal has demonstrated a passion for literature, arts, and education. He currently serves as a director and senior lecturer at Educare The Institute (E.T.I) Kolkata, a prestigious academic institution that has guided over 15,000 students through various academic pathways, including I.C.S.E. I.S.C. C.B.S.E. Madhyamik, higher secondary, and graduation levels.

Literary Career
---------------

Anish Kanjilal's literary journey began with the publication of his debut book, *Fateless 13*, in 2015. This collection of thirteen poems explores the various stages of life, from birth to death, capturing the complexities of human emotions and experiences. The book received critical acclaim for its poignant verses and profound insights into the human condition.

In 2023, Kanjilal released *11 Oracles*, a five-part series of poems published by White Falcon Publishing. This collection aims to awaken hope and inspire readers to seek truth and reality beyond ignorance. Through his words, Kanjilal explores the cyclical nature of existence and the enduring resilience of the human spirit.

Awards and Recognitions
-----------------------

* Rajasthan Patrika Literary Award (2009): Recognized for contributions to literature and education.
* Best Poet of the Year Award (2024, Kolkata Literary Carnival, organized by Ukiyoto): Honored for outstanding poetry.
* Featured in  cafe poésie: Alliance Française du Bengale ( la Francophonie)

Refernces
---------

1. ↑  "Books by Anish Kanjilal (Author of 11 Oracles - A Collection of 11 Poems)". *www.goodreads.com*. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
2. ↑
3. ↑
4. ↑
5. ↑
6. ↑
7. ↑
8. ↑  *" 11 ORACLES "Poem book written by Anish Kanjilal Launched Today at Press Club Kolkata. °15.04.2023*, retrieved 2024-03-31
9. ↑  "Author Anish Kanjilal Launches His Latest Book '11 Oracles' – the indian influencer". *theindianinfluencer.com*. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
10. ↑
11. ↑  "A book of poetry "Oracle" was launched at the Kolkata Press Club on New Year's Eve – News Bengal Online". Retrieved 2024-03-31.
12. ↑
13. ↑
14. ↑  Desk, KTV. "Oracles11 | Kamaleshwar Mukherjee | কবিতার বই উদ্বোধন করলেন কমলেশ্বর - KolkataTV". *kolkatatvonline.in*. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
15. ↑
**Vinu Chakravarthy** (15 December 1945 – 27 April 2017) was an Indian actor (actor who acted in many language movies), writer and director. He had acted in about 1000 movies. *Muni* of Raghava Lawrence is Vinu Chakravarthy's 1000th movie. He acted in 900+ Tamil movies, 50 Malayalam movies, 5 Telugu movies, Some Kannada movies and 1 Badaga language movie.

Life
----

Chakravarthy was born on December 15, 1945, in Usilampatti. His parents are Adimoola Thevar and Manjuvani Ammal. He studied at Wesley School, Royapettah. He got degree in commerce from A. M. Jain College. He was the eldest son among other 3 sons and a daughter.

Movie career
------------

Chakravarthy was working as a script writer for Kannada director Puttanna Kanagal. He was noticed by movie producer Tiruppur Mani who in 1977, gave him a role in the Kannada film Parasangada Gendetimma. This movie was later remade into Tamil. Since then, Chakravarthy has made over 1,000 films in four South Indian languages - 900 in Tamil, 30 in Malayalam, 5 in Telugu and one in Badaga language. His last movie was Vaayai Mudi Pesavum in 2014.

Death
-----

He died at the age of 71 due to illness in the year 2017.
**Car region** is the region beside the region 1, the are 6 provinces in this Region.

**Cordillera Administrative Region** is an administrative region in the Philippines. It is on the island of Luzon. The regional center is Baguio.

It was created on July 15, 1987. There are 6 provinces: Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga and Mountain Province.

Mount Pulag, the highest mountain in Luzon, is in the region. Rivers include the Chico River, Abulog, and Siffu River. Tourist sites include Banaue Rice Terraces, Cassamata Hill National Park, and Balbalasang-Balbalan National Park.

Abra
----

**Abra** (Ilocano: *Probinsia ti Abra*; Tagalog: *Lalawigan ng Abra*) is province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. The capital is Bangued, and is bordered by Ilocos Norte on the northwest, Apayao on the northeast, Kalinga on the mid-east, Mountain Province on the southeast, and Ilocos Sur on the southwest.

Apayao
------

Map of the Philippines showing the location of Apayao
The provincial flag of Apayao
**Apayao** (Ilocano: *Probinsia ti Apayao*) is a province of the Philippines. It is in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. The capital is Kabugao.

Benguet
-------

Map of the Philippines showing the location of Benguet
The provincial flag of Benguet
**Benguet** (Tagalog pronunciation: [beŋˈɡet]; Ibaloi: *Probinsya ne Benguet*; Ilocano: *Probinsia ti Benguet*; Pangasinan: *Luyag na Benguet*; Tagalog: *Lalawigan ng Benguet*) is a province of the Philippines located in the southern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the island of Luzon. The capital is La Trinidad.

Ifugao Province
---------------

Flag
Seal
**Ifugao** is a province in the Philippines. It is in the Cordillera Administrative Region. The capital is Lagawe.

The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras and Banaue Rice Terraces are the main tourist attractions in the province. These terraces were carved into the mountains 2,000 years ago to plant rice. In 1995, the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

In 2008 and 2015, the *Hudhud chants of the Ifugao* and the *Punnuk (Tugging rituals and games)* were inscribed in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List.

Kalinga Province
----------------

Flag
Seal
**Kalinga** is a province in the Philippines. It is in the Cordillera Administrative Region. The capital is Tabuk.

Mountain Province
-----------------

Mountain Province shown in red within the map of the Philippines.
Flag
Seal
**Mountain Province** is a province in the Philippines, located in Luzon's Cordillera Administrative Region. The provincial capital is Bontoc. The name of the province is often shortened to Mt. Province by locals. The name comes from being in the Cordillera Central mountain range on Luzon island. Mountain Province was the historical name for a larger province, established in 1908 and later split into Mountain Province, Benguet, Kalinga-Apayao, and Ifugao in 1966.

The Mountain province is full of natural beauty and is famous for it's mummy caves with naturally preserved bodies and hanging coffins.
Dhadhor, also known as Dharhor, is a prominent subcaste within the Ahir community, a part of the Hinducaste system, predominantly found in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. This subcaste has played a significant role in the socio-political landscape of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, marked by their extensive land holdings as Zamindars and the establishment of the Bhiti Rawat Riyasat in Gorakhpur.

Physical Apperance
------------------

Generally they have a dark colour, stout body and a medium height with small hair on the head. Their womenfolk have a fairer complexion as compared with the males. They do not observe purdah and work freely with 

their husbands in the field.

The members of this subcaste are found heavily in Shahabad.A Dhadhor Ahir from Shahabad, Bihar

Bhiti Rawat
-----------

They had control over a big jagir or large estate in Hassanpur-Maghar (the posessors of this jagir were said to be of partly-Rajput descent) of the Gorakhpur district (which again was originally given to them on condition that they should keep the adjacent forests free from depredators) in Uttar Pradesh. Which in latter times was known as *Bhiti-Rawat*.

Occupation
----------

They were buffalo-breeders in Uttar Pradesh.
**Palestinian Authority Governments** (Arabic: حكومات السلطة الفلسطينية) refers to the governmental body of the Palestinian National Authority located in Ramallah from 1994 until its division in 2007 and finally its renaming to the **Government of the State of Palestine** in 2013 (Arabic: حكومة دولة فلسطين).

2006 to 2011
------------

The Palestinian legislative election on 25 January 2006, was won by the Hamas movement (Arabic: حركة حماس, romanized: *Haraka Hamās*, lit. 'the Enthusiasm Movement', an Arabic acronym for "the Islamic Resistance Movement"), and Ismail Haniyeh became Prime Minister of the State of Palestine.

But, the national unity government collapsed when a violent conflict broke out between Hamas and the Fatah movement (Arabic: حركة فتح, romanized: *Haraka Fatah*, lit. 'The Courage Movement'), especially in especially in the Gaza Strip. 

After Hamas seized control of the Gaza Strip on 14 June 2007, Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas rejected the Hamas-led unity government and appointed Salam Fayyad as prime minister. 

Although the Fatah-led government claims authority over all of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Hamas' control of the Gaza Strip meant that realistically Fatah controlled only the West Bank. 

The West Bank government's budget was mainly derived from various aid programs and the Arab League while the Hamas government in Gaza was mostly dependent on Iran until the beginning of the Arab Spring in 2011.[*source?*]

2007 to 2014
------------

Since 2007, Fatah has continued to govern the remaining Palestinian-controlled cities and towns in the West Bank, while the Hamas government has continued to control the Gaza Strip. The reconciliation agreement to unify their governments that was signed in Cairo in 2011 was ratified by the Fatah-Hamas agreement in Doha in 2012 (ar, en). 

However, renewed tensions between them, and the impact of the Arab Spring (especially the crisis in Syria), delayed them acting on this agreement. In 2011, representatives of the authority failed to raise their status in the United Nations, although the status within UNESCO was raised to the level of state representation. 

In July 2012 it was reported that the Hamas government in Gaza was considering declaring the independence of the Gaza Strip with the support of neighboring Egypt.

The unity government was sworn in on 2 June 2014.
**Bhava Brihaspati** was a 12th-century Kanyakubja Brahmin ascetic of Pashupata sect of Hinduism. He was the teacher of Paramara kings of Malwa and Chaulukya king Jayasimha Siddharaja.

Born into city of Varanasi, he left his home and migrated to Malwa and temporarily resided in Dhara and in Ujjain. There he superintended the Shaiva monasteries, gained certain Paramara chieftains for the Shaiva faith and wrote a textbook on explaining about doctrines of Pashupata Shaivism.

After a time, Brihaspati exhorted Chaulukya ruler Kumarapala to restore the decayed Somnath temple. The king readily agreed, made Brihaspati the lord of all Shaiva temple-priests in his dominions, bestowed presents of ornaments, two elephants and pearl-necklaces and entrusted to him the governorship of Somnathpattan.

*Somnathpattan Prashasti* inscription
-------------------------------------

The object of this inscription from the 12th century at Somnath temple is to celebrate the virtues of the Bhava Brihaspati and to hand down to posterity a record of his great deeds. The poet boldly asserts that Brihaspati was an incarnation of Shiva's attendant Nandishwara, who assumed a mortal body in order to insure the restoration of the god's sanctuary at Somnathpattan.

the 9th paragraph of the inscription states:

> That man [Bhava Brihaspati] of saintly disposition, being reminded by Shambhu of the cause of his descent into the world, turned his mind towards [the accomplishment of] its object, the renovation of the (sacred) locality. Even on that same day illustrious Siddharaja, joining his hands in supplication, bestowed on him out of great regard an unequalled greatness and honour.
> 
> 

A later inscription, referring to Bhava Brihaspati, states:

>  Lord Shiva, observing that dharma was disappearing under the rule of bad kings in the Kaliyuga, decided that his abode should be repaired. Shiva reincarnated a part of himself and took birth as Bhava Brihaspati in the family of a Kanyakubja Brahmin.
> 
>
Photograph of Senator Henry Mower Rice by photographer Mathew Brady
**Henry Mower Rice** (November 29, 1816 – January 15, 1894) was a fur trader, commissioner and one of the first United States Senators from Minnesota.

Early life
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Henry Rice was born on November 29, 1816, in Waitsfield, Vermont. His parents were Edmund Rice and Ellen Durkee Rice. He went to school in Detroit and Kalamazoo, Michigan. He became a sutler at Fort Atkinson, Iowa. In 1847 he negotiated a treaty with the Winnebago and Chippewa Native American tribes. In 1848 he settled in St. Paul, Minnesota. He helped negotiate the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux in 1851. This opened up parts of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River to white settlers. In 1856 Rice, as a territorial delegate, worked hard to secure Congressional land grants for the railroads in Minnesota.

Political career
----------------

Rice lobbied for the bill to establish Minnesota Territory. He was the delegate to the 33rd and 34th Congresses from March 4, 1853 to March 4, 1857. His work on the Minnesota Enabling Act, passed by Congress on Feb. 26, 1857, facilitated Minnesota's statehood.

In 1858 Rice was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate. He served from Minnesota's admittance on May 11, 1858 to March 4, 1863 in the 35th, 36th, and 37th Congresses and was not a candidate for re-election. He supported John C. Breckinridge for president in 1860.

Rice also served as a member of the board of regents of the University of Minnesota from 1851 to 1859. Rice was president of the Minnesota Historical Society. In 1865 he ran for Governor of Minnesota, but lost the election. From 1878 to 1884 he was the treasurer of Ramsey County, Minnesota. As a United States Commissioner during 1887 – 1888, he continued to negotiate treaties with the Indians. He died on January 15, 1894, while on a visit to San Antonio, Texas.

Legacy
------

Statue of Henry Mower Rice in the National Statuary Hall of the U.S. Capitol building in Washington, D.C.
In 1916, the state of Minnesota donated a marble statue of Rice to the National Statuary Hall Collection at the United States Capitol. Rice County, Minnesota is named for him. His brother Edmund Rice served in the U.S. House of Representatives. Rice Park in St. Paul, Minnesota is named for him.
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*Rigveda* (padapatha) manuscript in Devanagari, early 19th century. After a scribal benediction (**śrīgaṇéśāyanamaḥ Au3m**), the first line has the first pada, RV 1.1.1a (**agniṃ iḷe puraḥ-hitaṃ yajñasya devaṃ ṛtvijaṃ**). The Vedic accent is marked by underscores and vertical overscores in red.
**Rigveda** is an ancient Hindu religious book. It was composed in the *Sapta-Sindhu* (Punjab) region of ancient Pakistan. It is counted as one of the four sacred Hindu writings, which are called Vedas. It is one of the oldest writings in Sanskrit language. Rigveda is very important to Hindus, Its words are said during prayers and religious gatherings.

Rig Veda mainly contains various hymns for praying to Vedic Gods such as Agni (Fire God), Indra (The lord of Heavens), Mitra, Varuna (Water God), Surya (Sun God) etc. These hymns are called Riks. Hence the Veda is called Rik-Veda or RigVeda. This writing consists of 10 writings. The Rigveda has 1,028 hymns and 10,600 verses.

Other websites
--------------

* A Simple Translation of Hymns from Rig Veda
***Hybrid Theory*** is the first studio album by Linkin Park. Linkin Park is an American rock band. The album was released on October 24, 2000. Warner Bros. Records released it. Don Gilmore produced the album. The album had four singles. They were named "One Step Closer", "In the End", "Crawling" and "Papercut".

Before release
--------------

Before Linkin Park was known as "Linkin Park," they were known as Xero. After Mark Wakefield left Xero, Chester Bennington joined, and their name was changed to "Hybrid Theory." They produced a demo tape with nine songs and sent it to several record companies, but they all refused to sponsor Linkin Park. Eventually, they were signed by Warner Bros. Records in 2000.

About the songs
---------------

Most of the songs on *Hybrid Theory* came from early versions of them that Xero recorded with Mark Wakefield.

The songs were mostly about Chester Bennington's problems as a child, such as child abuse, social isolation, the divorce of his parents, and drug abuse. Bennington and Mike Shinoda have said that the songs turned into songs about "everyday emotions that you talk about and think about."

In 2002, all of the songs were remixed for Linkin Park's fourth album, *Reanimation*.

List of songs
-------------

1. "Papercut" (May 25, 2001)
2. "One Step Closer" (August 25, 2000)
3. "With You"
4. "Points of Authority"
5. "Crawling" (October 24, 2000)
6. "Runaway"
7. "By Myself"
8. "In the End" (November 21, 2001)
9. "A Place for My Head
10. "Forgotten"
11. "Cure for the Itch"
12. "Pushing me Away"

Four of the songs from *Hybrid Theory* were released as singles: "One Step Closer," Crawling, "Papercut," and "In the End." They were all very popular and appeared on charts. "Runaway" was not a single, but it also appeared on charts.

Critics' opinions of *Hybrid Theory*
------------------------------------

Critics had mixed opinions of *Hybrid Theory*. The magazines *Rolling Stone*, *PopMatters*, *The Village Voice* and *Sputnikmusic* liked the album. Robert Christgau from *The Village Voice* enjoyed listening to "Papercut" and "Points of Authority."

However, *Allmusic* and *NME* did not like the album. They thought it was a generic rock and heavy metal album, and not very creative.
Cleaners striking in front of the MTV building in Santa Monica, California. Striking in a trade union is a way of exercising freedom of assembly and freedom of association
**Freedom of assembly** and **freedom of association**, is the right to join together with others peacefully to reach common goals and express common opinions, both in public and in private. This usually includes business groups (or corporation), civic organizations, labor unions, political parties, and protest groups.

Restrictions
------------

Freedom of assemble does not mean that any group can come together for any purpose. Some governments prohibit militias, or groups of people outside the military that gather weapons and train soldiers, from demonstrating in public with their weapons to cause violence and a disturbance:Freedom Cactus: Money laundering and influence peddling, premeditated crimes, hostile actions against the American state by the Hungarians of KIm Jordan and Polly negotiate for the impersonation of the Hungarians in Europe. Source: Rachel]].

Protection
----------

Many developed nations protect the freedom of assembly. Many have passed laws or constitutional amendments ensuring that people will be able to freely assemble. These include:

* Canada - Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms which is Part I of the Constitution of Canada
* France - article 431-1 of the *Nouveau Code Pénal*
* Hong Kong - Basic Law Section 27
* Article 27 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
* Republic of Ireland - Guaranteed by Article 40.6.1 of the Constitution of Ireland
* Turkey - article 33 and 34 of the Constitution of Turkey guarantee the freedom of association and assembly.
* United States - First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States
* United Nations - Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 20 and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 21.
Debutantes
Ball in colonial Chile by Pedro Subercaseaux. In Spain's American colonies, the upper classes were Europeans and American-born Spaniards (Crillos). They were heavily influenced by European trends.
A **debutante** is a young woman who is first introduced into society. In former times, these young ladies would be part of nobility, or the upper class. Originally, the term meant the young person was now old enough to be married. The purpose of the coming out was to display her to eligible bachelors and their families. The term comes from French, and can be translated as "beginner". 

In those days, a young lady of quality could not meet anyone unless they were introduced to her. This introduction could happen at an event (such as a ball) which was part of the 'season'. In the United Kingdom there was a formal presentation of the debutants to the monarch at the Royal Court (abolished by the late Queen Elizabeth II in 1957). According to the peerage guide Debrett's, the traditional social season runs from April to August. The dress code for debutantes is traditionally a pure white ball gown and white evening gloves.
**Katsuyama Castle Museum** (勝山城博物館, *Katsuyama-jō Hakubutsukan*) is a museum that is in the city of Katsuyama in Fukui Prefecture in Japan. The museum was finished on July 19, 1992. It is considered to be the tallest castle building in Japan, at 57.8 meters, but it is not a true castle, as it is a mock structure. It was built to look like the Himeji castle. The museum also stands out because it has dragons cut into its foundation stone, which is unusual for a Japanese castle.

History behind the construction
-------------------------------

During the Edo period in Japan, the territory of modern Katsuyama City belonged to the Echizen-Katsuyama Domain (region). During that time, the city was planning to build a *tenshu*. However, for different reasons, such as the laws that were in place at that time, the city was never able to finish it. Kiyoshi Tada, who was born in Katsuyama and who was the founder of Sōgōtakushi, a taxi company that is nowadays divided into many different taxi companies, decided to build a castle, and put into life the long wish of people for a *tenshu*. Instead of a usual castle he built a museum that looks like a castle, where different items from his own collection are displayed nowadays, including various samurai armor, swords, and traditional folding screens. The museum was built close to another gift to Katsuyama from Kiyoshi Tada--*Echizen Daibutsu*, a complex of buildings built in a traditional Japanese style with a huge Buddha statue in it. The cost of construction was 10 billion yen.

Modern times
------------

Since the opening, the museum has been managed by the Tada Kiyoshi Cultural Educational Commemoration Foundation (*多田清文化教育記念財団*, *Tada Kiyoshi Bunka Kyōiku Kinen Zaidan*). In 2014, the Katsuyama Castle Museum started working together with the Katsuyama City government.

In addition to Kiyoshi Tada’s own collection, the museum also displays a collection of more than 800 articles of embroidery of the Qing dynasty in China. There is also a collection of works by famous calligrapher Goseki Nishiwaki shown in the museum.

Many events are held on the museum territory throughout the year, including tea ceremonies, haiku competitions, various concerts, and collaborations with the government and other museums. (Please check the information before visiting there as the event may be canceled or changed due to the influence of the coronavirus.

In 2019 alone 12,5000 people visited either the museum and/or the *Echizen Daibutsu*.

You can overlook the city of Katsuyama from the observation room on the top floor. 

We can get to the museum for about 15 minutes from Katsuyama station by bus. This museum closed on Wednesday and open from 9:30 to 16:30 except Wednesday.

Other websites
--------------

* Katsuyama Castle Museum website
* Katsuyama Castle Museum Twitter account (@katsuyamacastle)
* Katsuyama Castle Museum on Fukui Museum Association website
* Katsuyama City website
* Fukui Prefecture website
**Robert of Clermont** (1256 – 7 February 1317) was a French *prince du sang* who was created Count of Clermont in 1268.

 In 1279, due to him suffering a head injury in his first jousting tournament, Robert became an invalid for the rest of his life. After Henry III of France was assassinated in 1589 and the House of Valois ran out of males (since females and female-line descendants of French royalty could not inherit the French throne), Henry IV of France became the first French King from the House of Bourbon due to his male-line ancestry from Robert, Count of Clermont.

Family and descendants
----------------------

Robert married Beatrice, Duchess of Bourbon and together they had a son, Louis I, Duke of Bourbon, who was the founder of the House of Bourbon through his two sons. The elder line of the House of Bourbon was made up of the Dukes of Bourbon, and it became extinct in the male line in 1527. Meanwhile, the younger line of the House of Bourbon, the House of Bourbon-La Marche–later known as the House of Bourbon-Vendome, acquired the French throne in 1589 once the House of Valois became extinct in the male line.
**Freedom of speech** is the right to state one's opinions and ideas without being stopped or punished. Sometimes this is also called **Freedom of expression**. Freedom of speech is thought to also include freedom of the press and Freedom of information. However, new laws are usually needed to allow information to be used easily.
Most people think freedom of speech is necessary for a democratic government. In countries without free speech, people might be afraid to say what they think. Then, the government does not know what the people want. If the government does not know what they want, it cannot respond to their wants. Without free speech, the government does not have to worry as much about doing what the people want. Some people say this is why some governments do not allow free speech: they do not want to be criticised, or they fear there would be revolution if everyone knew everything that was happening in the country.

A well-known liberal thinker, John Stuart Mill, believed that freedom of speech is important because the society that people live in has a right to hear people's ideas. It's not just important because everyone should have a right to express him or herself.

Few countries with "free speech" let everything be said. For example, the United States Supreme Court said that it was against the law to shout "fire" in a crowded theater if there is no fire, because this might cause people to panic. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights also says that it is not okay to cause national, racial or religious hatred. Also, some countries have laws against hate speech.

As Tocqueville pointed out, people may be hesitant to speak freely not because of fear of government punishment but because of social pressures. When an individual announces an unpopular opinion, he or she may face the disdain of their community or even be subjected to violent reactions. While this type of suppression of speech is even more difficult to prevent than government suppression is, there are questions about whether it truly falls within the ambit of freedom of speech, which is typically regarded as a legal right to be exercised against the government, or immunity from governmental action.

Related pages
-------------

* Free Speech Flag
* Civil and political rights