recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
***Back to the Future*** is a 1985 American science fiction adventure movie directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd and Crispin Glover. It is the first movie for the *Back to the Future trilogy*.

Plot
----

In 1985, Doc Emmett Brown shows teenage Marty his new creation: a car which can travel through time. The heart of the time machine is "the flux capacitor," invented by Dr. Brown. The time machine needs plutonium to provide the power for the flux capacitor. Marty uses the car to escape from Islamic terrorists and accidentally goes back to the year 1955. Marty seeks out and meets Dr. Brown in 1955. The time machine is out of plutonium, and there is no plutonium available for the time machine in 1955. By chance, Marty knows the time and place of a one-time natural event (lightning strike) that can provide the power to transport the time machine and Marty back to 1985.

The situation in 1955 is complicated when Marty meets his own parents as teenagers. When he helps his father, he accidentally changes the events that lead to his parents becoming a couple. Marty's teenage mother becomes interested in Marty instead of Marty's father, George. With the help of the Doc of 1955, Marty tries to undo the damage he has done, and make his mother fall in love with his father. If he can get his parents back together, he has very little time to get back to the car to use the lightning strike to take the time machine and him (Marty) back to the future (i.e. 1985).

Cast
----

* Michael J. Fox as Marty McFly
* Christopher Lloyd as Dr. Emmett "Doc" Brown
* Lea Thompson as Lorraine Baines-McFly
* Crispin Glover as George McFly
* Thomas F. Wilson as Biff Tannen
* Claudia Wells as Jennifer Parker
* James Tolkan as Mr. Strickland
* Marc McClure as Dave McFly
* Wendie Jo Sperber as Linda McFly

Related pages
-------------

* Back to the Future Part II
* Back to the Future Part III

Other websites
--------------

* *Back to the Future* on IMDb
**Healthcare in Singapore** is managed by the Ministry of Health of the Government of Singapore. The government pays for a universal healthcare system. There are also private health organisations.

All working people must put part of their money into Medisave accounts. They use this to pay their family's medical bills. Medisave is part of the Central Provident Fund which is an insurance organisation run by the government.

The healthcare system is thought to be one of the best in the world. There are three healthcare groups or "clusters":

1. National Healthcare Group
2. National University Health System
3. SingHealth

In 2019 there were 14,297 doctors, 42,777 nurses and 2,475 dentists for about 5 million people. There 8 general hospitals and 2 specialist hospitals. Ambulances are run by the Singapore Civil Defence Force.

General practice is moving into a list system. People will have a doctor who knows them. This should help people to stay healthy. It gives better care for people with medical conditions which they have to live with. Community health teams are built up to support growing numbers of old people.
For other uses, see Clinic (disambiguation).
A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia
*The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London.*
A **clinic** is a medical facility that gives health care for patients in an area. It is different from a hospital, because people do not stay in a clinic for a long time. Some clinics can become as large as hospitals, but still have the name Clinic. Small clinics are run by one or more general practitioners or practice managers. Physiotherapy clinics are run by physiotherapists, psychology clinics run by clinical psychologists, and so on for each type of health care. Some clinics are operated, or run, by employers. Other clinics are owned by people who do not have medical education, like in China.

Some clinics are a place for people with injuries or illness to come and be seen by triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be large or dangerous enough to warrant a visit to an emergency room, but the person can be moved to one if they need to be. These clinics sometimes can use equipment such as X-ray machines. Doctors at these clinics can send patients to specialists, a doctor who is very good at one kind of medicine.

Where the word came from
------------------------

The word *clinic* comes from the Greek word *klinein*, which means to put something at an angle, or to lie down. Latin has the word *clinicus*, which is a lot like the word we use today. An early meaning of the word clinic was, 'one who gets baptism on a sick bed'.

Types of clinics
----------------

* In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low cost health care for people without insurance.
* A Retail Based Clinic is put in placed like shops, and may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
* A *general out-patient clinic* is a clinic offering treatment without an overnight stay.
* A *polyclinic* is a clinic, hospital, or school where many diseases are treated and studied.
* A fertility clinic helps women to become pregnant.
* An abortion clinic is a medical facility providing certain kinds of medical care, such as abortion to women.

Related pages
-------------

* Simple Clinic, a free retail clinic chain.
* Abortion clinic
* Free clinic
* Clinical Management System
**Insolvency** means that a person or organisation does not have enough money to pay all of the people who they owe money. Different countries have different definitions of exactly what insolvency means, but usually it means either that:

* a person cannot pay their debts as they fall due (which is sometimes called cash flow insolvency*); or*
* the total amount of a person's liabilities is larger than the total amount of their assets (which is called *balance sheet insolvency*).

When a person or a business is insolvent, then people whom they owe money to may apply to court to put then into bankruptcy.

Insolvency and bankruptcy
-------------------------

People often confuse the terms **bankruptcy** and **insolvency**, and sometimes they use one word when they really mean the other. Insolvency usually just means that a someone does not have enough money to pay their debts or (sometimes) that the total amount of their debts is worth more than the total amount of their assets. Bankruptcy is a formal legal process in front of the courts. Although the two terms are connected, just because a person is insolvent does not necessarily mean that they will go into bankruptcy.

Consequences of insolvency
--------------------------

Apart from being put into bankruptcy there are other risks to being insolvent. Many countries have laws to protect the public which means that the directors of a company who continue to trade whilst the company is insolvent may have to pay compensation to creditors, and in some cases may even be convicted of a crime.
Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore
Sap buckets on maple trees
**Indiana Dunes National Park** is a national park in Indiana, United States. **Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore** is known for its beautiful beaches.

More than 3.5 million people visit a sandy, hilly area called Indiana Dunes each year. It sits along the shores of Lake Michigan, about 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Chicago. Visitors to the area swim and sail on the lake. They watch birds in the wetlands. They study plant life in the forests of oak and maple trees. Now, the 6,000-hectare site is the newest national park, and also 61st national park in the United States. It became Indiana Dunes National Park on February 15, 2019.

A name change
-------------

The park used to be known as Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, managed by National Park service. The related act in February, 2019 did not influence finance and the area of the park at all. It changed the name from Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore into Indiana Dunes National Park. It does, however, give the area the same recognition as more well-known national parks like Yellowstone and Yosemite.

Ecology
-------

The park is one of the most ecologically mixed places in North America. Indiana Dunes has about 1,500 different kinds of plants.

The Dunes are also along a major migration path, and birdwatching is a big reason visitors come to Indiana Dunes each year. The area is home to more than 300 species of birds. The birds include waterbirds such as loons and herons, as well as birds of prey like bald eagles and hawks. Several species of songbirds also live there.

Maple sugar
-----------

In winter season, people living near by or visitors enjoy collecting sap from maple trees in the park in order to make maple syrup. Sap is a liquid containing sugar inside the trees. People can get sap by making a small hole in a tree. Maple tree sap was historically collected by local American Indians, pioneers and early residents of a farm.

A Maple Sugar Time festival is held in March every year. visitors can learn how American Indians first boiled maple sap into sugar, and how early settlers used large iron kettles to make syrup. Pure maple syrup and sugar, and related products like maple-flavored popcorn and maple water, are for sale.

Related pages
-------------

* National park

Other websites
--------------

* Indiana Dunes national Park at U.S. National Park Service

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* VIAF
* WorldCat Identities

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| National | 
* Germany
* Israel
* United States

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| Other | 
* NARA

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The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into modern medicine has ushered in a new era of enhanced healthcare management and treatment. Dr. Matthew Hitchcock, a family physician based in Chattanooga, Tenn. exemplifies this transformation with his use of an AI assistant that records patient visits, generating treatment plans and facilitating billing procedures. This novel approach drastically reduces the time spent on documentation, streamlining daily patient visit reporting to approximately 20 minutes.

Emerging AI in Healthcare
-------------------------

While the grand vision for AI in healthcare includes intelligent companions assisting doctors in improving patient care, the initial applications of AI are directed at addressing the burdensome digital paperwork that plagues physicians. The current AI solutions in healthcare function more as tireless scribes than genius partners.

Potential and Limitations of Generative A.I. in Healthcare
----------------------------------------------------------

The application of generative AI in healthcare holds promise for revolutionizing the field. However, doctors emphasize that, unlike AI algorithms already approved for specific medical applications, generative AI poses unique challenges. While AI-generated fabrications, termed "hallucinations," may be amusing in other contexts, they are unacceptable in high-stakes healthcare scenarios. This distinction makes the adoption of generative AI in medical diagnosis and treatment a cautious endeavor due to concerns about patient safety, litigation, and regulatory uncertainties.

Navigating the Regulatory Landscape
-----------------------------------

Physicians and medical researchers foresee a slower acceptance of generative AI in healthcare due to these regulatory concerns. However, recent improvements in the performance of AI technologies have been noted. Furthermore, the software designed for medical note generation allows doctors to cross-reference AI-generated summaries with recorded patient conversations, fostering trust in the system's accuracy.

Addressing Physician Burnout
----------------------------

Studies indicate high levels of burnout among doctors and nurses, with excessive documentation cited as a major contributing factor. Generative AI presents a potential solution to this crisis by automating the documentation process. A.I. software is adept at summarizing, organizing, and categorizing the interactions between doctors and patients, streamlining administrative tasks and freeing up valuable time for healthcare professionals.

The Future Outlook
------------------

While generative A.I. in healthcare shows promise, its deployment must be carefully selected and monitored. Regulatory hurdles, concerns about reliability, and the need for transparency remain challenges to widespread adoption. However, as the technology continues to evolve, its potential to alleviate physician burnout and improve patient care remains significant.
Typical Russian banya inside 
Russian banya 
A ***banya*** is a Russian wooden house with a steam room. It is also refers to bathhouse. The banya has also a wood stove to make heat. The main idea of banya is to cause sweat in the bathers.

Usually, the banya (wooden house) is near a river. The bathers jump into the river to cool down after being in the banya.

History
-------

In 440 b.c.e. the Ancient Greek history writer Herodotus wrote about people who live in what is Russia today.

One early mention of the banya is in the *Königsberg Letopis**.*** The first full description of a banya is in the East Slavic *Primary Chronicles* of 1113.

At some times in history, women would go to the banya to give birth to babies. After a funeral, the friends and family of a dead person sometimes go to a banya together.

Throughout Russian history, the banya has been used by people in all classes. Poor workers would get clean in a banya after work. Rich Russians sometimes had private banya. Sometimes, the bather will jump into a river or a pile of snow instead.

Today, banya have separate places for men and women. Bathers do not have to be naked.

Common rules
------------

Banya have three rooms: a changing room or *predbannik* where people change clothes, a washing room, and steam room or *parilka*. 

If the banya is for men and women, bathers should wear bathing suits. If the banya has separate places for men and women, bathers are usually naked.

Process
-------

Banya are often hotter than 93°C.

Bathers sit on a small mat to protect their skin from the hot wood. Bathers usually wear felt hats while they sit in the banya. During the banya bath, bathers use a broom or besom. Bathers hit each other with the branches like a massage. Sometimes friends hit each other with branches. Sometimes a professional masseuse does. The last part of the banya is when someone throws a bucket of cool or cold water on the bather.

The biggest difference between a banya and sauna are that the banya has steam and most saunas use dry air.

Health
------

Starting in the 1800s, doctors and scientists decided to study the banya. They already had an idea that it was good for health. Most of their studies were not good by today's scientific rules, but they told many people to go to the banya for their health.

Folklore
--------

In Slavic mythology there is a spirit called a bannik that lives in the banya under the bench. The bannik throws hot water or hot rocks at rude bathers.

Related pages
-------------

* Sauna
* Sentō
* Jjimjilbang
* Bathhouse
A Dancing Pakistani Horse.
The **Hirzai** or **Nukra horse** is a rare breed of riding horse originating from Pakistan. These horses are of Arab origin, during the Umayyad Caliphate Dynasty; and have ample resemblance to Balochis. Home tract lies in Balochistan province. Their size is intermediate between those of a horse and a pony. Thoroughbred stallions provided by the Balochistan Government at important centres such as Quetta and Sibi are instrumental in large scale crossbreeding with native mares. The objective is to improve the native stock, however, this policy has led to the deterioration of native breeds purity. Good specimens of Balochi and **Hirzai breeds** are available at Sibi and Nasirabad Horse shows. Certain measures are currently being taken by the Pakistani state to protect and propagate this rare horse breed. They are a light riding horse developed by the Department of Agriculture in Pakistan. Offspring of the original two were then crossed with lighter desert breeds.

Currently measures are being taken by the Pakistan government to protect and further this rare horse breed. The majority of the animals that exist today are kept at the royal stables of Khan of Kalat.

Personality and Temperament
---------------------------

The Hirzai is a lively horse capable of hard and fast work.

Care
----

Because it is now considered a rare breed, the Hirzai requires extra attention and special.

Traditional colours
-------------------

Nukra means a horse with white hair and pink skin. At times, there are spots on the skin (locally called as phulkari).

Genetically speaking, it is a double Sabino (two copies of SB1) gene, resulting in maximally expressed white. 

Since the horse has white hair, pink skin and mostly dark brown eyes, you can rule out Albinism.

Use
---

Riding horse, Light draft.

In popular culture
------------------

The Nukra horse is the national horse of Pakistan. It is the official Islamic symbol of the Pakistani culture in the region respectively. This horse is very important in Pakistani culture. They appear in Islamic literature and are on items such as postage stamps. They have been depicted in Lollywood Pakistani movies. There are also Melas or horse shows where they perform dancing by Pakistani man handling.
**Muhammad Hashim Gazdar** (Urdu: محمّد ہاشم گزدار) was a prominent politician of Pakistan. He was mayor of Karachi and a former member of the Bombay Legislative Council from Sindh constituency.

Early life
----------

He was originally from Rajputana and led the Marwari group in Karachi politics. He was born in 1895 in Jaisalmer (present day India). His ancestral roots linked to Rajput Clans of Rajisthan from where his father immigrated and settled in Karachi after the Sindh was amalgamated in British empire since 1843. He completed his intermediate from Sindh Madressah-tul-Islam, Karachi in 1911. Later, he went to Maharashtar to study engineering in Pune. Later he shifted to Bombay where he joined the project to uplift the lower caste in Bombay but after it was unsuccessful, he resigned along with a number of others from the project.

Political life
--------------

After he retired from the project, he returned to Karachi and worked as an engineer at the then District Local Board, Karachi. However, he later resigned from the job due to differences on policy matter with G. M. Syed, who was then the president of the Board.

Later, he joined politics and was elected a member of the Bombay Legislative Council from the constituency of Sindh in the 1934 election. Meanwhile he remained active in politics through the platform of the Sindh Ittehad party. He was also elected Mayor of the Municipality of Karachi for the term from May 1941 to May 1942. Afterwards, he joined Jinnah's All India Muslim League; that was launching a movement for establishment of an independent state for Muslim population of India within the sub-continent (which emerged as Pakistan later). Quaid e Azam led this movement and Hashim Gazdar was a friend of Muhammed Ali Jinnah on the platform of All India Muslim League to achieve the goal of a separate Muslim state. During this course, he was again elected a member of Legislative Assembly from Sindh; and remained the Deputy Speaker thereof.

Muhammed Hashim Gazdar was among the people who represented Sindh in the first session of Pakistan's initiating Constituent Assembly that was convened four days prior to the emergence of Pakistan, i.e. 10 August 1947 at Sindh Assembly Building, Karachi. Other members to represent Sindh were Muhammed Ayub Khoro, J. Ram Das Doulat Ram, and Pirzada Abdul Sattar Abdul Rehman.

As a former politician, the role played by Hashim Gazdar during the pre-partition and post partition era is highly acknowledged. Being an honest legislator, a veteran Muslim League politician, his role was significant as an ideological prominent figure on the scenario of Pakistan politics since its genesis. Being a commendable parliamentarian, he is highly appreciable with a view to transiting politics to the new stream in accordance with the changing necessities of times.

He died in 1966 and is buried in Muslim Marwari Graveyard Mewashah, Karachi.
The **spiny chromis** (*Acanthochromis polyacanthus*) is a species of damselfish from the western Pacific. It is the only member of the genus ***Acanthochromis***. The spiny chromis was first found in 1855 as *Dascyllus polyacanthus* by the Dutch ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker. It is the only species in the genus *Acanthochromis*. The genus name is a compound of *acanthus* meaning "spine", probably a reference to the 17 dorsal-fin spines, and *Chromis*, presumably referring to a relationship to that genus. The specific name *polyacanthus* means "many-spined". The spiny chromis is found in the western Pacific Ocean. It is found in western and central Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, northern Australia, and all the islands in the Philippines except Luzon. They are also found in Melanesia. This fish usually lives in coral reefs. This fish is found at a depth range of 1 to 65 metres (3.3 to 213.3 ft) but is usually found at a depth range of 4 to 20 metres (13 to 66 ft). This fish is eat only plankton although younger individuals have been known to eat mucus off the adults. Spiny chromis individuals can grow up to a maximum size of 14 centimetres (5.5 in) as adults. Its fins have 17 dorsal spines, 14 to 16 dorsal rays, 2 anal spines, and 14 to 16 anal rays. This fish is gray on the front and white on the back. The top of its dorsal fin and the bottom of its anal fin is black. Some individuals are gray with a yellow horizontal line in the middle.

Life Cycle
----------

The spiny chromis, unlike many other coral reef fishes, has direct development of their larvae, which means that the parents protect their brood from the egg stage (which are laid on the reef), through hatching and onto the fully developed juvenile stage.<ref>Kavanagh K (2000) Larval brooding in the marine damselfish *Acanthochromis polyacanthus*
**Prittlewell** is part of the inner city of Southend-on-Sea, Essex, England. It was the original settlement, with Southend meaning the southern end of Prittlewell.

History
-------

### Prehistoric

People first settled by the Prittle Brook at least 10,000 years ago in the late Stone Age. 

### Roman

A Roman farmhouse or villa, was built close to the brook in what is now Priory Park. Roman burial sites were found during road and rail construction in the 1920s and 1930s.

### Saxons and Vikings

Remains of Saxon archway in wall of St Mary's church, Prittlewell
After the Roman era, it became part of the kingdom of the East Saxons. During the 5th and 6th centuries), the historic Saxon name of *Prittleuuella* came into being. An archway built of Roman tiles can still be seen in the north wall of St Mary's church. For many years it was thought the archway was part of a small Anglo-Saxon chapel built in the 7th century, possibly during the reign of King Sæberht of Essex. However, more recent research shows the arch was built in the 10th or early 11th century, and is part of the first church to be built on the site.

#### Royal Saxon tomb

Road and rail works in 1923 and 1930 also found Anglo-Saxon burials. Some of these must have been important people or warriors. The graves contained weapons, imported goods, jewellery and decorative beads, some of which were made out of glass. In 2003 a large and undisturbed 7th-century chamber tomb was found by archaeologists from Museum of London Archaeology. They were exploring the site for a new road widening project. In 2009, following local opposition, the project was stopped, and other roads were changed instead.

The unusually rich contents and their condition have excited archaeologists, being described as "unique" by the Museum of London. A description of the excavation and the artefacts of the burial chamber, originally thought to be of Sæberht of Essex, can be seen at the dedicated Museum of London website. The story was also made into a TV show, a special documentary called the "King of Bling", as part of the *Time Team* series.
**Sake Dean Mahomed** (*Shekh Din Muhammôd*; 1759 – 24 February 1851) was an Indian traveler, surgeon and entrepreneur. He introduced South Asian cuisine (and Indian) and shampoo baths to Europe, where he also offered therapeutic massage. in addition to that he was the first Indian writer to be published in English.

At the age of 11, Mahomed joined the East India Company Army and rose to the rank of captain. He fought in a number of campaigns until 1782 when he resigned from the army and two years later arrived in Britain. Staying in Ireland he wrote and published his book, The Travels of Dean Mahomet. He later moved to Portman Square where he became an assistant to Sir Basil Cochrane at his vapour bath.

This is where Mr Mahomed is said to have added an Indian treatment, champi (shampooing) or therapeutic massage, to Cochrane's bath which became very fashionable.

Sake Dean Mahomed also developed a fashionable massage.

In 1810 he opened the Hindoostane Coffee House which was located off of George Street, near Portman Square, Central London. The restaurant served Hookah with real Chilm tobacco and Indian-style dishes. The premises is now a building called Carlton House.

To many who are now part of the city's expansive curry house business, Mahomed was a pioneer.

Although forced to declare bankruptcy in 1812, he created a concept that was to become something of a phenomenon 100 years later, said Vivek Singh, chef at the Cinnamon Club, a Westminster restaurant serving New Indian cuisine.

Mr Mahomed's plan had been to serve "Indianised" British food which would appeal to the Indian aristocracy in London as well as British people who had returned from India, he said.

"The Indian aristocracy however would not come out to eat in the restaurant because they had chefs at home cooking more authentic food - it was just not a big enough draw to come out."

A few years later he opened special treatment baths on the seafront at East Cliff, Brighton.

He died in 1851 and was buried in St Nicholas' churchyard in Brighton
The **Comunità montana Valdigne Mont Blanc** ("Valdigne Mont Blanc mountain community", in French *Communauté de montagne Valdigne - Mont-Blanc*) is an association of 5 *comuni* in the Italian region of Valle d'Aosta.

The name of the *Comunità* comes from *Valdigne*, the upper part of the Aosta Valley in north-west Italy, and the *Mont Blanc* mountain, the highest mountain in the Alps that is on the border between France and Italy. The Mont Blanc is seen from the upper valley of Aosta and the other small valleys that are part of this *Comunità*.

Purpose
-------

Its main purpose is to promote the development of the valleys in the preservation of their cultural and environmental heritage. The *Comunità* also helps with technical assistance to all the *comuni* of the region.

The main activities have been:

* protection of alpine pastures (or Alpine tundra)
* development of tourism

Geography
---------

This *Comunità* is in the western part of Valle d'Aosta, to the west and northwest of Aosta, the capital city of the region. The *comuni* are in the upper central valley of the region (the *Valdigne*) and in a small lateral valley, the Vallon de La Thuile.

The main river in the *Comunità* is the upper part of the Dora Baltea river that flows through the *Comunità* from northeast to southwest.

The *Comunità montana Valdigne Mont Blanc* has a total area of about 496.50 km2 (191.70 sq mi) and a population of 8,852; its population density is of 18 inhabitants/km2.

The headquarters of the mountain community are in La Salle.

The Comunità includes the following *comuni*:


|   | *Comuni*  | Population(2013) | Area(km²) | Density(Inh./km²) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Courmayeur | 2,836 |   209.83   | 13.5 |
| 2 | La Salle | 2,076 |   83.57   | 24.8 |
| 3 | La Thuile | 791 |   126.13   | 6.3 |
| 4 | Morgex | 2,109 |   43.30   | 48.7 |
| 5 | Pré-Saint-Didier | 1,040 |   33.67   | 30.9 |

Related pages
-------------

* Valle d'Aosta
* Mont Blanc

Other websites
--------------

* The National Union of Mountain Towns and Communities - UNCEM Archived 2014-04-19 at the Wayback Machine
* Comuniverso: le 211 Comunità montane Archived 2016-03-13 at the Wayback Machine (in Italian)
**Tallinnfilm** is an Estonian film studio of feature, documentary and animated films located in Tallinn.

History
-------

On June 9, 1931, the studio "Eesti Kultuurfilm" was founded. On March 6, 1936, it was granted the status of a state institution. After the Soviet occupation of Estonia, on January 9, 1941, the film studio "Tallinn Kinostuudio" was created, which was merged with the nationalized "Eesti Kultuurfilm". Initially, it worked as a studio for chronicling and documentary films. It did not function during the Second World War, the chronicle was produced on the basis of "Lenfilm" and "Mosfilm".

In 1944, the studio resumed its activities, and in 1954 it began producing feature films. Animated and popular science films were also shown. It received the name "Tallinnfilm" in 1963.

The last documentary produced by Tallinnfilm was dated January 1, 1998. After that, the production of films stopped, the studio buildings and pavilions and props were sold off.

At the beginning of the 21st century, Tallinnfilm, known to the general public for its historical film collection.
In team sports, the best player in a match is often given an award called **player of the match** or **man of the match** or **woman of the match**. This award is for the person who played the best during the game. It can be a player from either team, but usually, they choose someone from the team that won. Sometimes, different sports have special ways of giving out these awards. They are really important in big games like championships or games where the best players from different teams compete. In Australia, they use the term "best and fairest" to talk about these awards, both for single games and for the whole season. In some places like North America, they call this award the "most valuable player" (MVP) or "most outstanding player" (MOP) in certain competitions. In ice hockey in North America, they even recognize three players as the best in the game, calling them the "three stars". In sports where the winner is decided by a series of games, like basketball and baseball, they often give out MVP awards for the whole series. In ice hockey's NHL, they also give an MVP award for how well a player performs throughout the entire playoffs.

Association football
--------------------

In football, the "man of the match" (MOTM) prize usually goes to a player on the winning team. Players who score three goals in a game, or goalkeepers who prevent the opposing team from scoring, often receive the prize. Those who score three goals also get the match ball, even if they aren't officially named the player of the match.

The man of the match is usually picked by a TV commentator or a sponsor. But, not all competitions have an official player of the match prize, so sometimes recognition is given by websites or newspapers instead. In the Premier League, for instance, a player gets a small black and gold trophy for their player of the match performance.

When given in a less formal way (like by a columnist), the MOTM prize might be given ironically. For instance, it could go to the referee if the writer thinks the referee affected the outcome due to what they see as mistakes.
**Ely College** is a secondary school located in Ely, Cambridgeshire.

History
-------

In 1957, Ely High School for Girls moved out of the centre of Ely to Downham Road. A primary school was built around the same time. In 1969 a charity donation meant a secondary school was built. In 1972 these schools became the City of Ely Community College. It was re-named Ely College in 2011.
In 2011 Ely College became an Academy. It joined the Cfbt Trust in 2012. It then joined the CMAT Trust in 2016 instead.

CMAT and the House System
-------------------------

CMAT was formed in 2011. The Trust began as Cambridge Meridian Education Trust (CMET) in 2009. The trust started with Swavesey Village College. In 2011 CMET became Cambridge Meridian Academies Trust (CMAT). This meant it could have more academies.

Ely College is organised into four 'Houses'. Each of them have around 250 students and 30 staff. They are named Etheldreda, Scott, Franklin and Turing. This system is used in many of the CMAT academies.

Bishop Laney
------------

Bishop Laney Sixth Form is on the same site as the College. It used to be called Ely College Sixth Form. It is a project between Ely College and Soham Village College.
The Sixth Form offers A-Level courses and Technical Awards. It also works with Norwich City Football Club who run a football course.

Ofsted reports
--------------

In 2013, Ofsted rated Ely College as 'Good'.

In 2015, Ofsted rated Ely College as 'Inadequate'. It needed special measures.

Other websites
--------------

* Official School website
* Official CMAT website
* Official Sixth Form website
**Masuma Mohammadi** is an Afghan journalist, research scholar, and women’s rights activist. She founded the Equality Social and Cultural Organization, which supports female journalists. In Afghanistan, she was a radio reporter for the United Nations News and "Hello Countrymen, Countrywomen" an Afghan radio program. She was the owner and chief editor of the Equality News Agency, which trained over 200 female journalists. Mohammadi is now working with the San Jose State University and is part of their Visiting Afghan Scholar program. She worked on research about the persecution of the Hazara people. She wants to do research on the rights Afghan women and girls have under the Taliban.

Life in Afghanistan
-------------------

Mohammadi was born and raised in Afghanistan. She worked as a radio reporter for the United Nations News. She was on a popular Afghan radio program called "Hello Countrymen, Countrywomen". She founded the Equality Social and Cultural Organization (ESCO) in 2011. In 2020, she created the Equality News Agency to publish articles about women’s issues. This made her a target for the Taliban. On August 15th, 2021, the Taliban took control of Kabul, Afghanistan. When notified of the Taliban's arrival, Mohammadi had to destroy the documents of her coworkers and flee to the United States with her 2 children.

Work in the United States
-------------------------

In the US, Mohammadi has partnered with the San Jose State University (SJSU) and their Visiting Afghan Scholar program. She researched the injustices being directed towards the Hazara people and would like to research women's rights in Afghanistan. She has continued to advocate for the women in Afghanistan from the United States, and says "Please don’t forget the people of Afghanistan, especially Afghan women and girls, support them to access their rights. Your support and providing such opportunities has not only brought a positive change in the lives of people like me, but has also saved our lives."
A bar of soap
Liquid soap
**Soap** is a chemical compound resulting from the reaction of an alkali (commonly sodium or potassium hydroxide) with a fatty acid. Soaps are the metallic salts of long chain fatty acids. When mixed with water during bathing, cleansing, or washing, they help people and clothes get clean by lowering the chance of dirt and oil to get to the skin or fabric. Soaps are made from animal fats or vegetable oils. There are two basic steps in making soap. They are called Saponification and Salting-out of soap. Some people like to make their own soap.

Soap cleans very well in soft water. It is not toxic to water life. It can be broken down by bacteria. However, it is slightly soluble in water, so it is not often used in washing machines. It does not work well in hard water. It cannot be used in strongly acidic solutions. Mild hand soaps are only basic enough to remove unwanted skin oils. For other forms of oil, dishwashing soap is strong enough to remove almost all forms of oil without damaging petroleum products such as plastics. It does not damage skin either. Soap suds physically capture and lift germs (a virus, bacteria etc.) off of the surface of the skin and then water rinses them into the sink. 

Soap has been made in many ways. Humanity has used soap-like things for thousands of years. The earliest recorded evidence of the making of soap-like materials dates back to around 2800 BC in Ancient Babylon and Sumeria. They were soap solutions, or soapy water. People made them by mixing ashes with water and fat and boiling them. The Babylonians used water, alkali and cassia to make soap.

Ancient Gauls added salt to the soap solution to make the solid soap fall out.

The Ebers papyrus (Egypt, 1550 BC) suggests that ancient Egyptians bathed often and had animal and vegetable oils with alkaline salts to make a soap-like substance. Egyptian documents say that a soap-like substance was used in the preparation of wool for weaving.

Related pages
-------------

* Detergent
* Soap made from human corpses
**Corporation tax** also called **corporate tax** or **company tax**, is a type of direct tax on the income or capital of companies, corporations and similar organisations. The tax is usually set at the national level, but it may also be set more locally in some countries. Corporate taxes may be referred to as income tax or capital tax, depending on the nature of the tax.

The purpose of corporate tax is to make money for the government by taxing the profits earned by corporations. The tax rate varies a lot from country to country. It is usually calculated as a percentage of the corporation's net income or capital. Corporate tax rates may also differ for local and foreign corporations.

Some countries have tax laws that require corporations to pay taxes on their worldwide income, regardless of where the income is earned. Some countries have tax systems which only tax the income earned within the country's borders.

A country's corporate tax may apply to:

* corporations incorporated in the country,
* corporations doing business in the country on income from that country,
* foreign corporations who have a permanent establishment in the country, or
* corporations deemed to be resident for tax purposes in the country.

The rules are different in each country. International businesses often organise themselves to take advantage of the differences.
**Jeanne Baret** ([ʒan ba.ʁɛ]; 27 July 1740 – 5 August 1807, also spelled Barré or Barret) was a French explorer. She was the first woman to travel around the world. She was a botanist. Her trip was from 1766-1769.

Early life and career
---------------------

Jeanne Baret was born on July 27,1740.She was born in France. Her family wasn’t wealthy. She learned a lot about botany from a young age. She knew a lot about plants.

She worked for Philibert Commerson. Commerson was a botanist. He studied medicine, natural history and botany.

Baret and Commerson also had a relationship. They never married. They had a son. He was adopted by another family.

Voyage
------

Commerson agreed to join a voyage around the world. The expedition was led by Louis de Bougainville.  Commerson was the botanist. Baret went with him. Women were not allowed to be on ships at that time. She disguised herself as a man. She took a job as his cabin boy. She called herself "Jean" Baret.

### Reason for Voyage

France was looking for territory and trade at that time. The king funded the around the world trip. The two ships were the Boudeuse and the Etoile. Commerson and Baret were on the Etoile.

### Aboard the Etoile

Commerson was often sick. Jeanne tended to him. She helped him with his work. The trip set off from Nates, France and stopped at Montevideo, Uruguay. They went from Uruguay to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. They went to Tahiti after Brazil. Bougainville named the island of Tahiti New Cythera. Baret revealed her true identity at Tahiti. She revealed that she was a woman. Bougainville let her stay on board for the rest of the trip. They sailed to New Ireland in Papua New Guinea after Tahiti. They went to Mauritius after New Ireland. Commerson and Jeanne stayed in Mauritius.

### Botanist Work

Commerson and Baret made many accomplishments in botany. They collected and observed many plants. Baret discovered a new kind of vine with pink and purple flowers. She named that plant Bougainvillea. She named the plant after the commander of the voyage.

Later Years
-----------

Commerson and Jeanne stayed in Mauritius. Commerson died in 1773. Baret met a man called Jean Dubernet. They married in May of 1774. They moved back to France to Saint-Aulaye around 1774 or 1775. She completed her journey around the world. Baret died in Saint-Aulaye. She died on August 5, 1807.

Legacy
------

Jeanne Baret accomplished a lot of things in her life. She was the first woman to circumnavigate the globe. She and Commerson collected and recorded over 6000 plant species. A type of plant was named in her honor (solanum baretiae) in 2012. It was 245 years after her voyage.
**Copy editing**, or *sub-editing*, is the work an editor does to improve the style or accuracy of a text. The revised text should be more readable and sometimes more interesting after the editing. Also, punctuation and grammar may need correcting, but without changing the writer's general style.

Copy editing might not involve changing the substance of the text, unless supposed facts need correction. The word 'copy' refers to written or typewritten text for typesetting, printing, or publication. Copy editing is usually done before typesetting and proofreading. Proofreading is the last step in the editing process.

In the United States and Canada, an editor who does this work is called a **copy editor**, and an organization's highest-ranking copy editor, or the supervising editor of a group of copy editors, may be known as the copy chief, copy desk chief, or news editor. 

In book publishing in the United Kingdom and other parts of the world that follow UK nomenclature, the term 'copy editor' is also used, but in newspaper and magazine publishing, the term is 'sub-editor' and commonly shortened to 'sub' or 'subbie'. As the 'sub' suggests, UK copy editors usually have less authority than regular editors. 'Editors' in book publishing generally have a responsibility for choosing authors and titles which will make for good sales. In magazines and newspapers they are executives, responsible for the business success of the enterprise.

The work of a sub-editor
------------------------

According to experienced editors, the main things a sub-editor does are: 

1. To make sure readers can understand the text. The text should be, as far as possible, easy to read and interesting
2. To make sure that anything checkable *is* checked.
3. To make sure any requirements are met, such as length and house style.
4. To write instructions for how the copy should be organised in print.
5. Writing headlines and proofreading may be done, according to the organisation.

Above all, the sub should "approach every story from the point of view of the reader".p6
**Toy poodles** are smaller versions of poodles, so they are smaller than the average dog. Toy poodles are a dog breed.

Appearance
----------

Their coat is dense and curly, and can come in Apricot, Black, Brown, Cream, and Red. Toy Poodles tend to have dark, oval eyes with ears close by. They have long, straight muzzles.

### Activities

A toy poodle walks proudly in show
Toy poodles are a fun pet but also a companion, they're extremely intelligent and like to perform to do tricks and fashion. Toy poodles have a hard time swimming, but they love the water and swimming is a good exercise for them to keep their body fit.

### Care and feeding

Toy poodles require lots of grooming. Poodle fur must be brushed and washed with shampoo. Some owners blow dry their poodles. Toy poodles eat 1/3-1/2 cups of food a day depending upon their weight.

### History

Toy poodles go a long way back. They were first bred in the 20th century. Then there was the Poodle Club of America. They were originally bred to be pets, but now they are used for more things like hunting and performing.

The Toy Seidenpoodle was a longhaired, silky coated curly toy dog, breed in Germany.
**Patrick Murphy** was an Irish pilot who mistakenly bombed the border town of Naco, Arizona. Not much is known about his personal life.

Bombing of Naco, Arizona
------------------------

Murphy owned a plane around the time of the Cristero War in Mexico against the anti-Catholic government of Emilio Portes Gil. Murphy decided to help the rebels by using his plane to bomb the government-controlled town of Naco, Sonora. He tried many times between March 31 and April 6 to bomb Naco but also accidentally, bombed the Arizona border town with the same name. He destroyed some buildings and a car. United States soldiers eventually came to his house and took away his plane. Murphy escaped to rebel territory in Mexico but returned to the United States and was jailed for a little while.

Legacy
------

Murphy became the first person working for another country to ever bomb the mainland United States. Singer Dolan Ellis honored Murphy in one of his songs on his "Tall Tales, Lost Trails & Heroes" album.
Several rack-mounted synthesizers that share a single controllerUsing MIDI, a single controller (often a musical keyboard, as pictured here) can play multiple electronic instruments, which increases the portability and flexibility of stage setups. 
**MIDI** (/ˈmɪdi/; **Musical Instrument Digital Interface**) is a technical standard. It describes a communications protocol, digital interface, and electrical connectors. It connect a large variety of electronic musical instruments, digital devices for playing, editing, and recording music.

A MIDI recording is not an audio signal. It is more like a piano roll, identifying the pitch, start and stop time and other properties of each individual note.

The personal computer market stabilized at the same time, popularizing the MIDI format, and helped computers become a viable option for music production.

Logo of MIDI (from the MIDI Manufacturers Association)

Sources
-------

1. ↑  Swift, Andrew. (May 1997), "A brief Introduction to MIDI", *SURPRISE*, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, archived from the original on 30 August 2012, retrieved 22 August 2012
2. ↑  Russ, Martin (2012). *Sound Synthesis and Sampling*. CRC Press. p. 192. ISBN 978-1136122149. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
3. ↑  Helen Casabona; David Frederick. *Advanced MIDI Applications*. Alfred Music. p. 15. ISBN 9781457438936.
4. ↑  MIDI INTERFACES FOR THE IBM PC Archived 21 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine, *Electronic Musician*, September 1990
5. ↑  Manning, Peter. *Electronic and Computer Music*. 1985. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. Print.

Other websites
--------------

* The MIDI Association

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