recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Princess Élisabeth of France, "Granddaughter of France"** (Élisabeth Philippine Marie Hélène de France, 3 May 1764 – 10 May 1794), known as **Madame Élisabeth**, was a French princess. She was the youngest sibling of King Louis XVI. During the French Revolution, she stayed with the king and his family. She was executed at Place de la Révolution in Paris during the "Reign of Terror" in the French Revolution. She is regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as a martyr and is venerated as a Servant of God.

Life
----

Élisabeth was the youngest child of the dauphin and dauphine of France. She was born during the reign of her grandfather, Louis XV. She grew up in the Palace of Versailles. She was always close to her older sister Clotilde. The two sisters were raised together by Madame de Marsan. 

Élisabeth was a skillful rider. She was also interested in art. Several of her drawings are in the museum of the Château de Versailles. In 1774, her grandfather, Louis XV, died. Her elder brother became king as Louis XVI.

Élisabeth was deeply religious. She was devoted to her brother the king. She refused to marry so that she could stay in France. In 1777, a marriage was suggested to Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor. He was the son of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria and brother of her sister-in-law, Queen Marie Antoinette. Élisabeth declined with her brother's consent.

Élisabeth was executed during the French Revolution. She was buried at the Cimetière des Errancis, Paris. Her body was later moved to the Catacombs of Paris.

Cause of beatification and canonization
---------------------------------------

Madame Elisabeth died in the odor of holiness. According to Madame de Genlis, a scent of roses spread across the Place de la Concorde after her execution. In 1953, Pope Pius XII recognized by decree the heroic character of her virtues simply because of her martyrdom. The princess was declared a Servant of God and the cause of beatification was officially presented on December 23, 1953 by Cardinal Maurice Feltin, Archbishop of Paris. In 2016, Cardinal André Vingt-Trois, Archbishop of Paris, reactivated the cause of his beatification. Father Xavier Snoëk, pastor of the parish of Sainte-Élisabeth-de-Hungary, was appointed postulator of the cause (church in the old Temple district where the princess was imprisoned), and in May 2017 he recognized the association of the faithful promoters of their cause. On November 15, 2017, Cardinal Vingt-Trois, after consulting with the French Bishops' Conference and the nihil obstat of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in Rome, hopes that the process will lead to the canonization of Madame Elisabeth , sister of Louis XVI.
Savitri and Satyavan are starcrossed lovers who were able to defy death through their love and ascetism.

Savithri was a beautiful princess who cannot choose a suitor. Her parents were worried for her, but eventually she met Satyavan. Upon meeting Satyavan, she swore she would never marry another man, and would only be with Satyavan for the rest of her life. Satyavan, although appearing as a simple man, actually used to be a prince who was cursed with a shockingly early expiry date. In specific, the curse entailed that Satyavan would die in a few years and that his parents would be cursed with blindness and lose thier wealth. Savithri's parents were ecstatic, but their excitement quickly died down when the Sage Narad told them of the curse and said their doom was imminent. Although they didn't want her to continue seeing Satyavan, they knew that Savithri was as stubborn as she was beautiful, and would not give up on a man she so purely and truly loved.

So Savithri and Satyavan lived a very simple and happy life until one day, doom fell upon them and Satyavan fell from a heat stroke. It had seemed the curse had finally taken place. However, Savithri was not ready to say bye yet, and when Yamaraj, the god of the Underworld, came to collect Satyavan's body, Savithri followed him as he trudged to the underworld.

Yamaraj, initially unpetrubed, decided to test her patience and see how far she was willing to walk. After a while, Yamraj, clearly impressed by her devotion, turned around and granted her a boon, on the condition that she could not wish for the revival of her husband. And so, Savithri asked for his parents to have their sight restored. Yamaraj obliged and Satyavan's parents had their sight back. After more walking, she recieved three more boons. For the first boon, she wished that Satyavan's father had his wealth restored. For the second, she wished her own father, who had only a single daughter, would be blessed with 100 sons. Both were granted.

Finally, however, she asked Yamraj for the boon of 100 sons for herself. Initially Yamraj obliged, but Savithri just repeated her boon and reminded him of her oath that she would only ever be with Satyavan. Thus, in order to fulfil her boon in the order of karma, Yamraj was forced to return Satyavan to Savitri.
Muhammad VI. al-Habib, 1922–29, Bey of Tunis, in Paris
**Bey** also spelled as **Baig,** **Bayg**, **Beigh**, **Beig**, **Bek**, **Baeg** or **Beg** is a Turkic title for a chieftain, and an honorific title traditionally applied to people with special lineages to the leaders or rulers of variously sized areas in the numerous Turkic kingdoms, emirates, sultanates and empires in Central Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East, such as the Ottomans, Timurids or the various khanates and emirates in Central Asia and the Eurasian Steppe. The feminine equivalent title was begum. The regions or provinces where "beys" ruled or which they administered were called *beylik*, roughly meaning "governorate" and/or "region" (the equivalent of county in other parts of Europe). However the exact scope of power handed to the beks (alternative spelling to beys) varied with each country, thus there was no clear-cut system, rigidly applied to all countries defining all the possible power and prestige that came along with the title.

In modern times, the word is still used formally as a social title for men. It is cited after the name and is used generally with first names and not with last names.

The word entered English from Turkish *bey*, itself derived from Old Turkic *beg*, which - in the form *bäg* - has been mentioned as early as in the Orkhon inscriptions (8th century AD) and is usually translated as "tribal leader". The actual origin of the word is still disputed, though it is mostly agreed that it was a loan-word, in Old Turkic. This Turkic word is usually considered a borrowing from an Iranian language. However, German Turkologist Gerhard Doerfer assessed the derivation from Iranian as superficially attractive but quite uncertain, and pointed out the possibility that the word may be genuinely Turkic.

Related pages
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* Beylik
* Turkey
* Indonesia
* Azerbaijan
* Istanbul
An **audit** is an evaluation or examination of something by a person or group of people. They can be made to a person, to a company, to buildings, to systems, to documents and many other things that are used by people.

Audits are made to check something, like a person is paying their taxes correctly or that a document is correct. 

The most common type of audit are the audits performed on companies and their financial statements, a type of document. In business, many companies inform and report their operations, their money, and their income in financial statements to many people for many reasons. They inform people like banks, governments, investors, and the public, for reasons like getting a loan, paying taxes, getting investments, and improving their public image.

In the aspect of the World Wide Web, Website Audit refers to the comprehensive analysis of a website's content, structure, and functionality to ensure optimal performance and adherence to standards. It involves evaluating factors like SEO, usability, and content quality. Website Audit Tools are software or services utilized to automate and facilitate this process, offering insights into issues, strengths, and areas of improvement for a website's overall health and effectiveness.
Arupadai Veedu is located in Tamil NaduThiruparankundramThiruparankundramTiruchendurTiruchendurPalaniPalaniSwamimalaiSwamimalaiThirutaniThirutaniPazhamudircholaiPazhamudircholaiclass=notpageimage| The Six Temples' location in Tamil Nadu

The **Six Abodes of Murugan** (Tamil: *Āṟupadai veedu*) are six temples in in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The god is known by different names. These include Kartikeya, Kanda, Vadivela and Murugan. The six most sacred abodes of Murugan were written about in Tamil sangam literature. They are mentioned in "Thirumurugatrupadai" by Nakkeerar and in "Thiruppugazh" by Arunagirinathar. The six abodes are Thiruparankundram, Tiruchendur, Palani, Swamimalai, Thiruthani and Pazhamudircholai.

Murugan
-------

The story of Lord Murugan is written about in Skanda Purana. Legend says that the demon Soorapadman tortured the Devas. They complained to Lord Vishnu and Brahma. Kamadeva was sent to wake Lord Shiva, who later gave birth to Kartikeya. Karthikeya killed Soorapadman and saved the devas. Muruga is shown as the god of love and war. Kartikeya married Valli and Deivayanai .

In Tamil literature five types of lands are explained. They are Kurinji (mountains), Mullai (forest), Marutham (agricultural), Neithal (coastal) and Palai (desert). Each land types has a defferent god. Lord Muruga is a leader of the Kurinji region.

Religious importance
--------------------

Arunagirinathar was a 15th-century Tamil poet born in Tiruvannamalai. When he was young, he was a rioter and seducer of women. After ruining his health, he tried to kill himself. He did this by jumping from the northern tower of Annamalaiyar Temple. He was saved by the god Murugan. He became a staunch devotee and composed Tamil hymns glorifying Murugan, the most notable being *Thirupugazh*. Arunagirinathar went to many Murugan temples. On his way back to Tiruvannamalai, he visited Palani. He sung songs about Swaminathaswamy. Tiruparamkundram is considered the first of the six abodes. This is the only temple where abishekam is performed for Vel instead of Lord Murugan. Palani is considered the most prominent abodes of Lord Muruga.

Traditions
----------

One of the main traditions of the six temples, is the tonsuring of devotees. They removed their hair to be like the Palani deity. Another tradition is the anointing of the head of the deity's idol with sandalwood paste. This is done at the end of the day before the temple closes. The paste is said to get medicinal properties. It is given to devotees, as *rakkāla chandaṇam*.
**Kombolela** is a television drama from Tanzania produced by *Kisimani Films* and directed by *Majag*, it began airing in 2021 on *Sinema Zetu channel 103* on **Azam TV** from Friday to Sunday at 1 P.M. Kombolela won the *Majic Vibe Awards* as the best television series of 2021.

Synopsis
--------

Civilization is buried, jobs are not visible, money is also hidden, they eat what is available and they are full of houses that do not breathe. Kombolela is a drama which depicts the family of Mzee Kikala which is a Swahili family full of cases, tragedies, love, violence, anger and hate. All the family members live together in a small house of their father, *Mzee Kikala* while they depend on him for everything.

Production
----------

The production of **Kombolela** was done by *Kisimani Films* and the locations of the series were mainly in the streets of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.

Main cast
---------

* Lumole Matovolwa
* Elias Nyang'ongela
* Cholo Kikala
* Habiba Chorage
* Mariam Mohammad
* Sabra Seif
* Rose Nampunju
* Salha Abdullah
* Josephs Quartzy
* Cathryn Credo
* Hanifa
* Winter
* Amina Ahmed

Other websites
--------------

* 
* 
*
The **Ranipatti Estate** (1775–1949) was a Rich zamindari estate of Yadav (Ahir) in erstwhile Bhagalpur district (now in Madhepura) of Bihar, India. It was one of the prominent zamindar family of Kosi region. Mandal title was used by the landlord of Ranipatti, which means the head of the village.

The chieftains of Ranipatti Estate had zamindari of 56 mauza (revenue villages), which was spread with an area of thousands acres in the modern-day districts of Madhepura, Saharsa and Bhagalpur.

Origin and History
------------------

The estate of Ranipatti was controlled by Majhraut Ahir zamindars. The Kosi and it's adjoining region was once dominated by the Majhraut clan of Ahirs and many zamindaris were in the hands of this clan.

The Ranipatti Zamindar family had close links with the Zamindars of the Murho Estate and both these Zamindar families were the most prominent families of the Kosi region, who has played a major role in the development of the region since the pre-independence period.

List of Zamindars
-----------------

* Narendra Narayan Mandal
* Bhim Rao mandal
* Nirod krishna yadav
* Bhupendra Narayan Mandal
* Amod Chandra s/o- Narendra Narayan Mandal

Related pages
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* Murho Estate
* Tintanga Estate
**Crossing the Rubicon** is a metaphor similar to "Burning one's bridges" and "the point of no return". It means passing a decisive point, where one cannot turn back. It comes from a genuine historical incident. The Rubicon is a shallow river in north-east Italy. According to Roman tradition and law Roman legions could not be brought south of the river without permission of the Roman Senate.

Caesar's civil war
------------------

In 50 BC, the Senate, led by Pompey, ordered Julius Caesar to disband his army and return to Rome because his term as governor of Gaul had finished. Caesar thought he would be prosecuted if he entered Rome without the immunity enjoyed by a magistrate. Pompey accused Caesar of insubordination and treason.

### Crossing the Rubicon

Caesar and his army approached Rome and *crossed the Rubicon* in 49 BC. It was the point beyond which no army was supposed to go. The river marked the boundary between Cisalpine Gaul to the north, and Italy proper to the south. Pompey, the lawful Consul, and his friends, fled from Rome as Caesar's army approached. So began a civil war in which Caesar eventually triumphed.

What Caesar reportedly said at the crossing of the Rubicon is "Alea iacta est" ("The die is cast"). This is yet another metaphor. It comes from gambling with dice: once the die or dice have been thrown, no bets can be withdrawn or added, even before the dice have come to rest.
The **Polish Academy of Sciences** (Polish: *Polska Akademia Nauk*, in short: *PAN*) with seat in Warsaw, is one of the two Polish institutions which have the nature of an academy of sciences.

History
-------

The Polish Academy of Sciences is an institution of studies of the Polish state, with seat in Warsaw. It had been established in 1952 by the partnership of previous societies of studies, including Polish Academy of Abilities (*Polska Akademia Umiejętności*, in short *PAU*), with its seat in Cracow, and the Scientific Society of Warsaw (*Towarzystwo Naukowe Warszawskie*) which had been established in the 18th century as Society of Warsaw of the Friends of Sciences (*Warszawskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk*).

In 1989, the Polish Academy of Abilities, in Cracow, assume again its independent existence, out of the Polish Academy of Sciences, in Warsaw.

Polish Academy of Sciences at Present
-------------------------------------

The Polish Academy of Sciences funciona as docta society which acts through a chosen corporation of distinguished scholars and of institutions of research. The academy also acts through its committees, creating an important scientific consulting body.

Remarkable members
------------------

* Tomasz Dietl physicist;
* Bohdan Paczynski astrophysicist;
* Adam Schaff (Marxist philosopher who had been a member of the academy);
* Aleksander Wolszczan astronomer.

Foreign members
---------------

* Aage Niels Bohr physicist;
* Karl Alexander Müller physicist;
* Roger Penrose mathematician;
* Carlo Rubbia physicist;
* Chen Ning Yang physicist.

Related pages
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* Royal Society

Other websites
--------------

* (in English)Website of PAN Archived 2008-01-17 at the Wayback Machine
A **mebibyte** is a unit of measure. It represents 1024 \* 1024 bytes. 

A **mebibyte** (a contraction of **me**ga **bi**nary **byte**) is a unit of information or computer data storage, symbol **MiB**.

1 MiB = 220 bytes = 1,048,576 bytes = 1,024 kibibytes
The mebibyte is closely related to the megabyte (MB). Megabyte can either be a synonym for mebibyte, or refer to 106 bytes = 1,000,000 bytes, depending on context (see binary prefix for background). The two numbers are relatively close together, but mistaking the two has nevertheless led to problems. 

The unit MiB was defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in December 1998. Use of mebibyte and related units is strongly endorsed by IEEE and CIPM and is becoming more common.

One mebibyte equals 1024 (= 210) kibibytes, and 1024 mebibytes equal one gibibyte.

M**i**bibyte is a common misspelling.[*source?*] The "i" is actually from the end of the prefix "mebi". Tebi- and pebi- are similarly abbreviated Ti- and Pi-, but they are not usually misspelled.[*source?*]

Related pages
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* Megabyte
* Kibibyte
* Gibibyte
* Tebibyte

Other websites
--------------

* NIST Prefixes for binary multiples
The Tower seen from street level

**Commerzbank Tower** is a skyscraper in Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany. At 259 meters, or 850 feet (300 meters with antenna included), it is Germany's tallest skyscraper and the third tallest building in Europe. It was completed and opened in 1997.

Commerzbank Tower is located in Frankfurt's district *Innenstadt* in the centre of the city. It is home to the headquarters of the second largest German bank, Commerzbank.

History
-------

From 1970 onwards, the previous head offices were centralised in Frankfurt am Main, where the legal seat has also been located since 1990. In the early 1990s, Commerzbank sought to build a new skyscraper in the center of Frankfurt am Main. The aim was to consolidate a large part of the rented locations in the city. The extraordinary skyscraper was designed by Lord Norman Foster. Since 1997, the tower has been a prominent feature of the Frankfurt skyline and is regarded as a model for environmentally friendly and energy-saving architecture.

Architecture
------------

The floor plan forms a triangle with slightly outwardly curved sides. The tower appears open and transparent due to the atrium, also triangular. A double-skin facade encloses the building. The stepped top of the tower creates a striking building termination and sets an expressive sign for the banking district. The building was constructed from 1994 to 1997 and cost 600 million DM. It has 56 floors and an area of 109,200 square metres. The architect who designed the building is Norman Foster. The skyscraper weighs about 200,000 tonnes and contains 18,800 tonnes of steel - twice as much as the Eiffel Tower in Paris.

Green Building
--------------

The architect and his client worked together to make the Commerzbank tower innovatively environmentally- and climate-friendly. Natural ventilation and environmentally-friendly air conditioning create a long-term contribution to climate protection. The tower has been supplied entirely with "green" electricity since the beginning of 2008 and - like all Commerzbank buildings - is cleaned exclusively with biodegradable cleaning products. In 2009 the city of Frankfurt awarded the Commerzbank tower the "Green Building Frankfurt" award.

Present
-------

The magnificent building at the Kaiserplatz in Frankfurt is the Commerzbank's Head Office, and 2.800 people work there.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Commerzbank Tower***.
Tacking (red arrow is the wind direction)
**Tacking** or **coming about** is a term in sailing that means the boat is changing directions by turning the bow of the vessel in relationship to the wind. It also means the course you are on relative to the direction of the oncoming wind. A tack with the wind blowing over the port (left) side of the boat is called a "port tack". A tack with the wind coming over the starboard side of the boat is called a "starboard tack". The sailboat's helmsman is responsible for communicating with the rest of the crew when making a tacking maneuver. When making a tack the helmsman calls out "ready about!" When the crew is ready they call out "ready", and the maneuver is started. The opposite of a tack (into the wind) is a jibe (changing direction while moving with the wind).

Tacking maneuver
----------------

In order to tack a boat moving into the wind, some speed is necessary. If too much time is taken in completing the tack, the forward momentum will be lost and the boat may move backwards. If a sailboat is caught going directly into the wind, it is called "in irons." This stops all forward motion of the boat. A tacking maneuver is a basic skill that is learned with practice. The maneuver also is different in a single person small sailboat than in a 40 or 50 foot racing sailboat.

Beating
-------

Different amounts of time between tacking can be used
**Beating** is the procedure by which a ship moves on a zig-zag course to make progress directly into the wind (upwind). No sailing vessel can move directly into the wind (though that may be the desired direction). Beating allows the vessel to advance indirectly upwind.

A ship that is beating will sail as "close to the wind" as possible. This position is known as close hauled. In general, the closest angle to the wind that a ship can sail is around 35 to 45 degrees. Some modern yachts can sail very near to the wind, while older ships, especially square-rigged ships, cannot sail very close to the wind.

Related pages
-------------

* Wing on wing

Other websites
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* How to Sail a Boat : Coming About or Tacking at YouTube
**Tesla** is an American rock band from Sacramento, California.

Charity work
------------

In February 2008, Tesla helped fund headlinded a benefit concert victim of the Station nightclub fire.

Musical style and influences
----------------------------

Tesla's music is generally categorized as glam metal, hard rock and heavy metal.

The band stated artists like Aerosmith, Ace Frehley, AC/DC, Boston, Mott the Hoople, Scorpions, Van Halen, Led Zeppelin, Def Leppard, Black Sabbath, King Crimson, Rainbow and The Rolling Stones as influences.

Band members
------------

* Jeff Keith - lead vocals (1981-present)
* Frank Hannon - rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1981-present)
* Dave Rude - lead guitar, backing vocals (2006-present)
* Brian Wheat - bass, backing vocals (1981-present)
* Troy Luccketta - drums, percussion (1981-present)

Discography
-----------

See the main article: Tesla discography

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Tesla (band)***.

* Tesla on IMDb

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* WorldCat Identities

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| National | 
* Norway
* United States
* Czech Republic

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| Artists | 
* MusicBrainz artist

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| Other | 
* IdRef

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**Women who have sex with women** (WSW) are women who engage in sexual activities with other women. They may be lesbian, heterosexual or bisexual. They may not at all have *any* sexual identity. The term WSW is used often in medical literature to describe such women in a clinical study.

Lesbians are less likely than heterosexual or bisexual women to get screened for cervical cancer. Some are refused medical screenings by medical professionals.

The lower rate of lesbians tested by regular pap smears makes it more difficult to detect cervical cancer at early stages in these women. The risk factors for developing ovarian cancer rates are higher in lesbian women.

Many doctors find woman-to-woman sex to have negligible risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The doctors fail to offer any information on prevention of STI transmission for sex between two females. Lesbians have a lower rate of getting STIs than heterosexual or bisexual women, although the risk still exists.

Dental dams, sex toys and cling wraps are often used as protection when one woman has sex with another woman.

Related pages
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* Men who have sex with men
The **Sofia Central Railway Station** is the main passenger railway station of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. It is the largest railway station in the country. It is l1 km north of the city centre after Lavov most, on Marie Louise Boulevard next to the Central Bus Station Sofia. It was completely renovated in 2016.

History
-------

Aerial view of the Main Train Station and the Central Bus Station in Sofia
File:Cvetnagara.jpgThe old building of the Central Railway Station completed in 1888

The original building of the **Sofia Railway Station** was opened on 1 August 1888 to serve the Tsaribrod-Sofia-Vakarel line. It was the first line of the Bulgarian State Railways entirely built by Bulgarian engineers. It was a one-storey building, 96 m long and 12 m wide. It had a small clock tower looking towards Vitosha on the façade. 

The old building was completely demolished on 15 April 1974. A new brutalist Central Railway Station had begun in 1971. It has two underground and three overground storeys and 365 premises. It was built of mainly white marble. It was renovated again in 2016.

Between January and July 2004 the Central Railway Station in Sofia served 2,323,844 passengers. That was 11.8% of all passengers in the country's railway network. An average 10,910 people pass through the station daily. An average of 84 trains arrive and 82 depart. The station has 30 ticket offices and 5 electronic timetable displays.
Pasta SaucePasta Sauce
**Pasta sauce** is a type of sauce made to be served with pasta, a type of food made from wheat and water. There are many different types of pasta sauce, each with its own unique flavor and ingredients. Some common ingredients in pasta sauce include tomatoes, olive oil, garlic, onions, and herbs like basil and oregano. Pasta sauce can be homemade or store-bought.

One popular type of pasta sauce is marinara sauce, which is made with tomatoes, garlic, and herbs. Another popular type is Alfredo sauce, which is made with butter, cream, and Parmesan cheese. There is also Bolognese sauce, which is a meat-based sauce made with ground beef, onions, and tomatoes.

The process of making pasta sauce is starts by heating some olive oil in a pan and adding chopped garlic and onions. Then, adding canned tomatoes or fresh tomatoes that have been pureed, and any other ingredients such as vegetables or meat. Bring the sauce to a boil and then let it simmer for a while to let the flavors combine. Finally, the sauce is seasoned with salt, pepper, and herbs to taste.

Pasta sauce can be enjoyed with many different types of pasta, such as spaghetti, penne, or fettuccine.
Manchester was the first city to industrialise, because of the Industrial Revolution. It became the main place for making cloth and fabric. During the 19th century it had the nickname Cottonopolis, because it had so many cotton mills. The middle of Manchester is important because of its network of canals and mills built during its 19th-century development.

The Peterloo Massacre of 1819 saw fifteen-twenty deaths and several hundred injured.
In the late 18th century, Manchester was much smaller than it is today with about 40,000 people living there. This changed at the start of the Industrial Revolution. During this time, there were revolts about the living conditions for workers. The most well known of these revolts was the Peterloo Massacre. Fifteen to twenty people were killed during the Peterloo Massacre and hundreds of other people were hurt. In 1780, Richard Arkwright built the first cotton mill in the area.

Later in the 1800s, Manchester became most important cotton town in the world. It was also the first 'industrialised' city, meaning that it was the first city to have a big amount of industry in it. Only a small amount of cloth is still made in the city and the trade has mainly stopped. This left a big number of old buildings from that time including the Town Hall, Free Trade Hall and Central Library and left a lot of other buildings empty.

The Manchester Ship Canal was created by the digging of canals in the rivers Irwell and Mersey for 36 miles (58 km) from Salford to the Mersey estuary. This let ocean going ships sail into the Port of Manchester.

The county of Greater Manchester was made in 1974. The county was made from cities and towns in southern Lancashire and northern Cheshire (the two main areas which make up Greater Manchester), and some mainly rural districts of Derbyshire and Yorkshire.

In 1996, the Irish Republican Army put a bomb in a truck in the centre of the city. Nobody was killed, but it did a lot of damage.

On 22 May 2017, a bombing occurred at the Manchester Arena which killed 22 people and injured 55. It was a suicide bombing.
George I of Great Britain; painting from studio of Sir Godfrey Kneller.
**George I** (George Louis; 28 May 1660 – 11 June 1727) was the ruler of Hanover in North Germany and later also the King of Great Britain and Ireland.

Family
------

A 1718 quarter-guinea coin from the reign of George I, showing him in profile.
George was born in Osnabrück, Germany, on 28 May 1660. He lived most of his life in the Electorate of Hanover, one of the many German countries that was part of the Holy Roman Empire. This area is today part of Germany. He married his cousin Sophia Dorothea (the daughter of his father's brother George William) in 1682.

On 10 November 1683, their first child and only son, George Augustus, was born. When George Louis was King of Great Britain, George Augustus was the Prince of Wales. When the father died, the son became king, as George II.

On 16 March 1687, their second child and only daughter was born. She was called Sophia Dorothea, after her mother. She later married and became the Queen in Prussia. Because she was married, she did not live in Britain with her father, but in Prussia with her husband.

George and his wife drifted apart, because he preferred his mistress Melusine, with whom he had three daughters, Anna, Melusine and Margaret. Meanwhile, his wife was having an affair with Count Philip Christopher of Königsmarck, who was found dead in a river, rumoured to have been murdered on George's orders.

The marriage was ended in 1694, on the grounds that Sophia Dorothea had effectively abandoned George. Sophia Dorothea's father, George William, and George Louis, had Sophia Dorothea imprisoned in Ahlden Castle in Celle, where she was unable to see her father, former husband, or children.

In 1698, his father died and George became the ruler ("Prince-elector") of Hanover.

King of Great Britain
---------------------

When Queen Anne of Great Britain died in 1714, an act of parliament said the next ruler must be a Protestant. George was not the closest relative, but was the closest Protestant one. All the closer relatives were Roman Catholic, so George became King of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 August 1714. He was the first ruler of Great Britain from his family, the House of Hanover.

Many of the British people did not like the new king. It is often said that he could not actually speak English. This may have been true at first, but he sometimes wrote in English later in his reign. George spent less time running the country than previous monarchs and allowed Parliament to have a bigger role. Later on, he left Robert Walpole in charge of running the country. Walpole became the first British prime minister, although the word "prime minister" was not used at the time.

He died while travelling from England to Hanover on 11 June 1727.

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* t
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British monarchs |
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| House of Stuart | 
* Anne

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| House of Hanover | 
* George I
* George II
* George III
* George IV
* William IV
* Victoria

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| House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | 
* Edward VII
* George V

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| House of Windsor | 
* George V
* Edward VIII
* George VI
* Elizabeth II
* Charles III

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**Disha Patani** (pronounced [d̪ɪˈʃaː pəˈʈaːni]) is an Indian actress. She mainly works in Hindi movies. She made her acting debut in the Telugu movie *Loafer* (2015) with Varun Tej. She later made her Hindi debut in the sports biopic *M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story* (2016). She starred in the Chinese action comedy *Kung Fu Yoga* (2017), which is one of the highest earning Chinese movies. She played the lady-love of the main male character in the profit-making Hindi action movies *Baaghi 2* (2018) and *Bharat* (2019).

Early life
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Patani is a Kumaoni from Uttarakhand. Her hometown is Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh. She has studied engineering. She is from the Rajput community. Her father Jagdish Singh Patani is a policeman and her mother is a health inspector. Her elder sister Khushboo Patani is a retired Major from the Indian Armed Forces. She also has a younger brother Suryansh Patani.

Career
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Patani made her debut in 2015 with Varun Tej in the Telugu movie *Loafer*. She played the role of Mouni, a girl who runs away from home to escape from a forced marriage. The movie was directed by Puri Jagannath and produced by C. Kalyan. It was produced under *C.K. Entertainment*. The movie was made on a budget of ₹200 million. It performed poorly at the box office with a total collection of ₹106 million. Next year, Disha appeared in a music video Befikra with Tiger Shroff. It was produced by Bhushan Kumar and Krishan Kumar. It was produced under T-Series and was composed by Meet Bros. The song was written and directed by Meet Bros. Singer Aditi Singh Sharma gave her voice in the song.

Patani got her successful role with Neeraj Pandey's biographical sports movie *M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story*. It was based on the life of former Indian cricket team captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni. The movie also stars Sushant Singh Rajput and Kiara Advani.

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Disha Patani***.

* Disha Patani on IMDb
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**Thomas Graham** (1914 - April 21, 1988) was a provincial court judge in Toronto who had previously served as a Toronto police officer, municipal councillor, and a member of the Ontario legislature (1955-1959). He served as a member of the Ontario Police Commission from 1960 until 1980, the last two years as the commission's chairman.

Graham was born in Toronto in 1914, where he attended Vaughan Road Collegiate Institute and St. Michael's College School. After working briefly as a milkman, he joined the Toronto Police Service in 1937, in the traffic division. He took a leave of absence during World War II to serve in the Royal Canadian Air Force from 1941 to 1944. After returning to the police force, he resigned in 1947 in order to manage a hardware store and engineering supply firm.

In 1953, he was elected to North York municipal council and served as a deputy reeve until 1955 when he was elected to the Ontario legislature as the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPP for York Centre (provincial electoral district). In the 1959 general election, he was defeated by Liberal Party of Ontario candidate Vernon Singer.

He was appointed to the three-person Ontario Police Commission in 1960, and in 1964, Graham was made a magistrate (later a provincial court judge) after Judge Herbert Sparling retired in order to fulfill the commission's requirement that at least one of its members be a judge. He was one of the last two non-lawyers to be appointed to the provincial court. After retiring from the Ontario Police Commission in 1980, he was active as a provincial court judge at the Old City Hall (Toronto) law courts.
This chart shows the star Kappa Andromedae, visible to the unaided eye. In 2012, a young, hot gas giant planet about 50 times the mass of Jupiter was seen in orbit around the star at an apparent distance of 55 ± 2 AU. That is almost twice as far as Neptune is from the Sun. The companion is shining by the heat of its formation, cooling as it ages
The constellation Orion in Bayer's *Uranometria*
A **star chart** is a graphic device or diagram which shows the night sky as seen from Earth. They are one of the oldest types of written or carved communication. There is a claim for a prehistoric carving as the first known star chart, but the evidence is not clear.

Star charts occur in Babylonian and Ancient Egyptian wall decorations and writing. In the ancient world, knowledge was needed for practical reasons and for religious reasons. Early star charts were used for all these purposes. Even today, they are used for both astronomy and astrology. In the renaissance, with its interest in ideas, hundreds of books were printed with star charts and other diagrams.

The key point for scientific charts is the use of data taken from observations, and listed in tables or databases. Historically, the first tables were in Ptolemy's *Almagest* (~AD 150). It has the last known star table from antiquity, with 1,028 stars.
**Émile Coriolan Hippolyte Guillemin** (16 October 1841 – 1907) was a French sculptor of the Belle Époque. He worked in bronze. He studied under his father, the painter Auguste Guillemin, and under Jean-Jules Salmson [fr]. He showed work at the Salon of Paris from 1870 to 1899, and in 1897 received an honourable mention at Musée du Louvre de Paris.
In 2008 his 1884 bronze sculpture *Femme Kabyle d'Algerie et Janissaire du Sultan Mahmoud II* (Kabyle woman from Algeria and Janissary of Sultan Mahmound II) sold for $1,202,500 plus auction fees in New York to a private collector through Sotheby's Auction House.

His equestrian sculpture, *Cavalier Arabe* is signed both by him and by Alfred Barye

It began at the Salon des Artistes Français in 1870, with two plasters of Roman gladiators, the bronze prints of which were acquired by the State for the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Guillemin collaborates with major art publishing houses, such as Barbedienne or Christofle.

Emile Coriolan Hippolyte Guillemin made his debut in the Paris Salon of 1870 where he exhibited a pair of Roman Gladiators, Retaire and Mirmillon, drawn from antiquity. Guillemin specialized in figurative works and was greatly inspired by the Middle East and its exoticism. Representations of Indian falconers, Turkish maidens and Japanese courtesans firmly established Guillemin's reputation as an Orientalist sculptor from the mid-1870's.

Guillemin continued to exhibit at the Salon until the end of the 1890s, where he exhibited a series of busts of oriental women in bronze. His busts are part of the Orientalist movement and therefore a particular context: Guillemin travels to North Africa and the Mediterranean basin in order to identify the anthropological characteristics of different local cultures.

In 2008, the pair of statues he made in 1884, which are known as e *Femme kabyle d'Algérie* et *Janissaire du sultan Mahmoud II* was sold at an auction at Sotheby's, in New York, for a sum of 1.202.500 USD, without charges.

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* Alberto Giacometti
* Louvre

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* Sotheby's Auctions Émile Guillemin European art of the 9th century, including Islamic and Orientalist art, Émile-Coriolan-Hippolyte Guillemin (Paris, 1841-1907), *Femme Kabyle d'Algerie and Jamissaire du Sultan Mahmoud II* the female figure signed and dated *Guillemin/1884*, the male signed  *Ele Guillemin* , bronze, silver, gold and polychrome patina with colored hard stone cabochons, both raised on an Italian marble pedestal Rosso Levanto of masculine height 36-inch (91.5 cm), sold for $1,202,500, Sotheby's, New York, October 21, 2008.

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Long pieces of classical music are often divided into **movements**. They are like different sections of the piece. Movements can be quite short, or extremely long. If you listen to a symphony it may often be divided into four movements. In the time of Haydn and Mozart the four movements were normally: a fast movement, a slow movement, a dance-like movement (minuet) and a fast movement to end the work.

Concert programmes usually show how many movements there are in the work that is being performed. It may show this using Italian musical terms (e.g. *Allegro* meaning *fast*, *Presto* meaning *very fast* or *Andante* meaning *a gentle walking pace*). Here is an example:

Robert Schumann: Symphony no 4 in D minor op.120

1. Andante con moto – Allegro di molto
2. Romanze: Andante
3. Scherzo: Presto
4. Finale: Allegro vivace - Presto

  

Sometimes an orchestra will take a minute or two to retune their instruments, especially in a symphony by Mahler or Shostakovich where one movement might be as long as 25 minutes. At other times the conductor or performer will want to go almost straight on with hardly any break. Sometimes the composer shows that there should be no break at all between movements.

Audiences in the olden days often used to clap between movements, but usually these days they wait until the end of the work to applaud.

The German word for "movement" (in this musical sense) is "Satz" which really means "sentence". A movement is like a sentence: a collection of things that belong together to make sense. All the movements together are like several sentences: they tell the whole story of music.
This is a Korean name; the family name is *Yoo*.
**Yoo Young Chul** is a South Korean criminal. He is a thief, burglar, robber, fraudster, batterer and serial killer. He murdered 21 women from September 2003 to July 2004 in Seoul, the capital of South Korea. The victims were all women, including a bride who was going to marry the next day. After he was arrested on July 18th 2004, he claimed that he had killed 26 people. However, according to investigation done by The Korea Public Prosecutor’s Office, it was found that he murdered 21 people. The judge gave him the death penalty on December 13rd, 2004, instead of life imprisonment because of the cruelty of his murders. The judge considered Yoo Young Chul’s statement that if he wasn’t arrested, he would have chopped even 100 people into pieces. The chief judge said "considering the pain the victims’ family suffered and panic prevailed in the society, he cannot avoid the top penalty." He is living on death row, as South Korea has not carried out any executions since 1997.

He said that he started murdering because of hatred toward women caused by his divorce. He got a score of 38 on psychopath test where the maximum score is 40. The closer the score is to 40, the more likely that the test-taker is a psychopath. But, psychiatrists made a diagnosis that he was normal and that he could act according to his own true will. So, the fact that he was psychopath could not justify the crime he committed. This shocking event made many people in Korea pay attention to psychopath and this criminal case was made into a movie named "Chu-Gyuk-Ja" which means "The Chaser" in English.

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**Yaoyorozu no Kami** (八百万の神, *Eight Million Gods*) are gods belonging to the Shinto religion. The phrase "eight million gods" in Shinto religion doesn't mean there are exactly 8 million gods. It means there are too many gods to count. At the time infinity wasn't a known concept. And 8 is a lucky number in Buddhism

This doctrine says there are countless Kami, including those that control natural phenomena such as the ocean, mountains, and wind, as well as those that are closely linked to human life. Ancestors and influential figures who have achieved great things for their communities are also respected as "Kami." Many Shinto customs and stories were documented in Kojiki and Nihon shoki, written records from the Nara Period..

All things, including the Gods, humans, and objects, come from Ame-no-Minakanushi, the first and supreme God. Ame-no-Minakanushi is the source of the universe and life, and is considered the principle of life. Life is at the center of both universal and human doctrines because everything originates from this supreme life. The nature of life is to expand itself.

Some of the 8 million kami are tutelary deities, but most kami do not receive any worship.

Shinto believes in multiple gods and acknowledges that Kami are present in everything, such as weather, geography, and landscape. Yaoyorozu no Kami describes the numerous gods that exist in the world. These gods are often depicted as having human-like qualities and forms. They are believed to be protector deities that can bring blessings or harm to humans. They are also called "guardian gods" that provide blessings to people, but they can also torture or harass humans. This dual nature of Kami makes them both revered and feared..

The concept that all things are manifestations of the divine in Shinto has resulted in the integration of foreign deities into the religion. As a result, Shinto has incorporated Buddhist and Confucian elements, over time..

In popular culture
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Marie Kondo has applied it to organizing
Nallah+Allah is a donkey

In Arabic
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### Where the word comes from

Around 2000 BC (4000 years ago) there was a group of people called the Canaanites, who lived in the Middle East. They had many gods, and the ruling god was called "El" or "Il." El had power and ruled over everything, and he lived forever. He is claimed to have made the earth and everything else. Later, the word "El" became *Eloh* or *Elaha* in the Aramaic language. Another language, Hebrew, changed the Aramaic word to *Eloah*. In the New Testament (the second book in the Christian Bible), the words "Eli" and "Elohi" were used to mean god. "El" is also in some people's names: Gabri-el, Mika-el, Azrael, Israel, Israel, Yishmael, Emanuel etc.

### As a common noun

In Arabic, the general word for a god is *ilaah*. It can mean a specific god, or any god at all, depending on how it is used.

### As a proper noun

See also: Monotheism
As a proper noun, "Allah" is a name for one God, the god of the Abrahamic religions. In Arabic, the word *al* is an article (a word for "the"), so *al-ILaah* means "*The* God". Usually, the word "Allah" is used by Muslims. However, Arab Christians also call their God "Allah." The name "Allah" is made of four letters in Arabic, ا ل ل ه (or Alif Lam Lam Ha, from right to left, A-L-L-H, 2111), which when brought together make الله

In Islam
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In Islam, God is usually called "Allah." There are many different names for God in Islam. However, "Allah" is the most common. It means the same thing as any of the other names. For Muslims, "Allah" describes a single God who is all-powerful and never makes mistakes. Muslims believe that Allah created everything, including the heavens and the Earth, simply by saying *Kun Faya Kun (*"Be and it is"). Muslims often repeat the word "Allah" many times when they are praying.

In Judaism
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In Judaism, God is usually called YHWH (by scholarly convention pronounced Yahweh) and Eloah. Both names are mentioned in the Old Testament and are one of the seven names of God in Judaism. It can also be noted that in Judaism, Elohim is a name for God and in Islam, Allahuma is a name for God. Since Jewish and Muslim names of God are very similar, Jews and Muslims say that they believe in the same God.

In Christianity
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Arab Christians call their God "Allah" due to the Arabic language. In the Arabic translation of the Christian Bible, God is referred to by "Allah". The word "Allah" was also used in the old translations of the Bible into Turkish, e.g. 1941 version, due to Islamic culture being common in Turkey, and because the Turkish language was influenced by the Arabic language.