recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Prince Alexander in 2015
**Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia** (born 17 July 1945), is the head of the House of Karađorđević, the former royal house of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and its predecessor the Kingdom of Serbia.

Family and personal life
------------------------

Alexander is the only child of King Peter II and his wife, Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark. He was the crown prince of Yugoslavia for the first four-and-a-half months of his life, until the monarchy was abolished. 

Born and raised in the United Kingdom, he enjoys close relationships with his relatives in the British royal family. His godparents were King George VI and his daughter, the then-Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II). 

Through his father, Alexander is a direct descendant of Queen Victoria, through his great-great-grandfather Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Victoria's second eldest son. Maternally, he is also a direct descendant of Queen Victoria, through his great-great-grandmother Victoria, German Empress, Victoria's eldest daughter.

Political views
---------------

Alexander is known for his humanitarian work. He is also known for supporting the idea that Serbia should become a monarchy again, with himself as the king. Numerous political parties also support this idea, as does the Serbian Orthodox Church. Public surveys in Serbia show that many people would also support the monarchy.
**3OH!3** (pronounced "three oh three") is an American electronic music duo from Boulder, Colorado, made up of Sean Foreman and Nathaniel Motte. They are best known for their single "Don't Trust Me" from their album *Want*, which reached number seven on the *Billboard* Hot 100. Their second single, a remix of "Starstrukk" featuring Katy Perry from *Want*, was a top ten hit in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Finland, Poland, and Australia. They gained further recognition by featuring Kesha on the song "My First Kiss", which was made the lead single from their album *Streets of Gold*. The album later peaked at number seven on the *Billboard* 200.

History
-------

3OH!3 consists of Sean Foreman, born August 27, 1985, and Nathaniel Motte, born January 13, 1984, both of whom are natives of Boulder, Colorado. Foreman and Motte started their band in 2004 and named it after the 303 area code of Denver, Colorado. 

3OH!3's hand gesture logo that resulted in litigation from professional wrestler Diamond Dallas Page.
Current logo

Discography
-----------

* *3OH!3* (2007)
* *Want* (2008)
* *Streets of Gold* (2010)
* *Omens* (2013)
* *Night Sports* (2016)

Other websites
--------------

* Official website Edit this at Wikidata
* 3OH!3 at MTV
Castelao.
This name uses Spanish naming customs; the first or paternal family name is *Rodríguez* and the second or maternal family name is *Castelao*.
**Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez de Castelao** (30 January 1886 – 7 January 1950), also known as **Castelao**, was a Spanish writer on Galician language and one of the main symbols of Galicia. As a politician, caricaturist, and writer, he is one of the leading figures of Galician culture and identity.

(1886–1929) Early life
----------------------

In 1886, Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez de Castelao was born on 30 January in Rianxo, Galicia, Spain.

Castelao spent his childhood and adolescence in Santa Rosa de Toay, Argentina. In 1900, the Castelao family returned to Rianxo. In 1908, he obtained his degree in Medicine from the University of Santiago de Compostela. The next year, he passed his doctorate in Madrid, where he started to become known as a caricaturist, and settled down in Rianxo, joining the political movement Action Galicia (*Acción Gallega* in Spanish). As a caricaturist, Castelao focussed on the everyday in a humorous way, although after the cruelty and tragedy of the Spanish Civil War, he turned to using his art to denounce the misery of Fascism.

In 1916, he moved to Pontevedra, where he joined the Irmandades da Fala and participated in the *Asembleia Nazonalista de Lugo*, signing an important national declaration. In 1920, he became editor of the magazine *Nos* and travelled through France, the Netherlands and Germany. In 1922, he wrote the novel *Un Ollo de Vidro* and in 1924 he joined the *Seminario de Estudos Galegos* and founded the *Coral Polifonica de Pontevedra*. Two years later he published *Cousas*, and in 1929 he travelled to Brittany to study its stone crosses and publish *As Cruces de Pedra na Bretaña*.
Alfonso Soriano batting for the Texas Rangers at AT&T Park.
**Alfonso Guilleard Soriano** (born January 7, 1976) is a Dominican Republican professional Major League Baseball player. He currently is a free agent. He has used to play with the Hiroshima Toyo Carp, New York Yankees, Texas Rangers and Washington Nationals before the Cubs. He played as a second baseman for the Yankees and Rangers. He bats right-handed and has batted as a lead-off hitter for most of his career.

Statistics
----------

### Batting

| Games | AB | R | H | 2B | 3B | HR | RBI | SB | BB | SO | AVG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1142 | 4676 | 753 | 1319 | 292 | 23 | 255 | 669 | 235 | 268 | 1007 | .282 |

### Fielding

| Games | GS | INN | TC | PO | A | E | DP | RF | FPCT |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1089 | 1077 | 9526.0 | 4328 | 4421 | 2148 | 2143 | 130 | 490 | .971 |

Related pages
-------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Alfonso Soriano***.

Other websites
--------------

* Baseball Prospectus: Alfonso Soriano
***All Quiet on the Western Front*** (original German title: *Im Westen nichts Neues*, literally: "Nothing New on the Western Front") is a famous book by the German author Erich Maria Remarque. It was first published in 1929.

Plot
----

It is about a German soldier named Paul Bäumer as he fights together with his classmates in World War I. Troops are changed every couple of weeks; they are either sent to the front line or a few miles back. At the beginning, Baumer and his fellow soldiers are very full and satisfied because a very heavy bombardment killed off half of the company.

A number of soldiers and Baumer are injured one night, and all are taken to the local hospital. In there, when a nurse gives Baumer a temperature gauge, he uses a light and makes his temperature seem much higher than it really is. This is so he can go into critical care with his friends. While there, the nurses sing a hymn, which annoys the men. Baumer throws and breaks a bottle to make them shut the door.

One night, Baumer and his friends find two live pigs. They put together a feast. Baumer cooks some kind of cakes. They smoke cigarettes and drink coffee from the officer's dump and then roast the pigs. The meal is very good, but the pig meat sticks to their bowels and makes them go to the bathroom all night.

As the war draws to its end in 1918, the Germans are suffering. The food is bad and the men must keep going to the bathroom. The Americans have joined the war and are pushing back all of the ground that the Germans gained. During this time, many of Baumer's classmates die.

At the end of the novel, Baumer dies. The day was so quiet that the field commander described the day as "all quiet on the Western Front."

Response
--------

The book sold 2.9 million copies in 50 languages in eighteen months. It is published by Ballantine Books in 1929. This book and its sequel, *The Road Back*, were banned and burned in Nazi Germany. The film version won the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1930.
**Adventure fiction** is a type of fiction in which an adventure forms the main storyline. The adventure is usually an exciting undertaking involving risk and physical danger. Author Malins describes adventure fiction as the story "of the hero—individual or group—overcoming obstacles and dangers and accomplishing some important and moral mission." The characters in an adventure fiction are highly sympathetic. They are also ones the reader can easily relate to. There has to be a conflict to overcome and a clever villain to stop.

The hero
--------

A key part of many adventure fictions is the hero. In most stories the hero has to succeed. At the same time the hero may be the least interesting character in the story. The hero is often timid, submissive and easily pushed around. The hero may be a superhero, a spy, a detective or even an antihero. But the hero manages to meet the challenge. All great adventure heroes seem to find the ability to beat their enemies or win over hostile environments.

Sometimes the villain wins. In Edgar Allan Poe's story *The Cask of Amontillado*, the villain is the narrator of the story. Sometimes the villain wins only to be confronted again in a sequel.

The genre
---------

In many adventure fictions, the adventure takes place in foreign lands or exotic places. One of the earliest adventure fiction writers was Daniel Defoe. His stories of *Robinson Crusoe* and *Captain Singleton* helped set the standards for the adventure fiction genre. Another British author Sir Walter Scott built on the formula. He combined history with adventure fiction. His historical romance novels *Waverley*, *Rob Roy* and *Ivanhoe* were classic adventures. They helped the reader understand the hero and gave him a code of chivalry. French author Alexandre Dumas wrote *The Three Musketeers*, *The Count of Monte Cristo* and *Man in the Iron Mask*. These were very popular in Europe and America. His stories had strong elements of revenge and forgiveness. James Fenimore Cooper in his adventure stories *The Pioneers*, *The Last of the Mohicans* and *The Pathfinder* were set in exotic new world locations. But Cooper changed the aristocratic hero into one who was noble even though not born into the nobility.

Other websites
--------------

* The 200 Greatest Adventure Novels of All Time
* Popular Adventure Fiction Books
**Air ambulances** use fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters to provide various kinds of medical care, especially emergency care for people mostly in rescue operations.

This started in World War I. In Australia the Flying Doctor Service started in 1928. That was not only for emergencies, but also to take doctors to see people who lived in remote places. More recently helicopters have been used in cities for major trauma cases where time matters most, and people need very specialised care, but they are more common in rural areas where there are few people and they are a long way away from hospitals.

Some of these services are run by governments. They are quite expensive. Some are run for profit and in some places they are run as charities. Some businesses pay for them as as a goodwill or public relations gesture. 

Large, generally fixed-wing, air ambulances are used by military forces to support overseas combat operations. 

Both pilots and medical staff need to be very highly trained. The aircraft are generally equipped for advanced life support. They are very noisy and there is not much space so some medical tests cannot be done. There have been quite a few crashes.
**Adventure movies** are a genre of movies. They contain many of the same features of action movies, but are usually set in exotic locations. The main theme is adventure, with the characters often exploring places they have not been before or doing things they have not done before. Common storylines include quests for lost treasure, heroic journeys for the unknown, and jungle or desert settings. Adventure movies are often set in an historical time and may be based on stories of historical or fictional adventure heroes within the historical context. Kings, battles, rebellion or piracy are commonly seen in adventure movies. Adventure movies may also be combined with other movie genres, such as science fiction, fantasy and sometimes war movies. 

The adventure movie was most popular in Hollywood during the 1930s and 1940s. Movies such as *Captain Blood*, *The Adventures of Robin Hood* and *The Mark of Zorro* were regularly made with major stars, notably Errol Flynn and Tyrone Power, who were closely associated with the genre. In the earliest adventure movies, the main character was usually male. They were portrayed as courageous heroes, facing tyrants or rescuing a beautiful woman in distress.

Themes
------

Adventure movies usually emphasise the mystery, romance, adventure, danger, and terror of the unknown. Common settings include a jungle or desert. Classic dangers include ferocious man-eating mammals and reptiles, hostile natives, deadly diseases, lost cities and crumbling temples, torrential rivers, waterfalls, whirlpools, and quicksand bogs, damsels in distress, evil emirs and treacherous tribal chieftains, and despicable white adventurers from the civilized world intent on exploiting the jungle, its animals, treasures, resources, and primitive native peoples. 

Adventure movies may crossover into other genres such as war, crime, romance, or horror.

Examples
--------

Notable examples of jungle adventure movies include *King Kong* (adventure, romance, horror), *The African Queen* (romance, adventure), *I Walked with a Zombie* (romance, horror), Disney's animated *The Jungle Book* (children's, comedy, musical), *Apocalypse Now* (war), and the many Bomba movies, and the Tarzan movies and serials. Since the first theatrical releases of jungle movies in the early 20th century, popular interest in the genre has never waned. Comic books, novels, pulp magazines, and television series have stoked the genre's popularity over the decades.
The **red-eyed wattle** or **western coastal wattle** (*Acacia cyclops*) is an Australian tree. It is in the plant family Fabaceae. It is one of nearly 1000 species of *Acacia* in Australia. It is found along the west coast of Western Australia as far north as Jurien Bay, and along the south coast into South Australia. 

Almost all wattles have cream to golden colored flowers. The small flowers are arranged in round groups. Only the male part of the flower sticks out.

Red-eyed wattle can be used to help stabilise coastal sands. It was introduced into Africa for this purpose, but it has spread fast and is now a serious pest in South Africa, where it is known as 'rooikrans' (= 'red garland' in Afrikaans).

The green seed pods may be used as a natural soap, by crushing them and using the pods with water to wash with.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Acacia cyclops***.

Wikispecies has information on: ***Acacia cyclops***.

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Taxon identifiers | 
* Wikidata: Q3644005
* Wikispecies: Acacia cyclops
* APDB: 67162
* APNI: 61195
* Calflora: 28
* Cal-IPC: acacia-cyclops
* Ecocrop: 2604
* EoL: 661835
* EPPO: ACACC
* EUNIS: 171688
* FloraBase: 3282
* FoAO: 41600
* FoAO2: Acacia cyclops
* FoIO: ACACYC
* GBIF: 2980425
* GRIN: 817
* iNaturalist: 75249
* IPA: 14609
* IPNI: 470108-1
* IRMNG: 11163382
* ISC: 2197
* ITIS: 506810
* IUCN: 96940287
* NCBI: 546665
* PFI: 9529
* Plant List: ild-387
* PLANTS: ACCY2
* POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:470108-1
* SANBI: 389-33
* Tropicos: 13023823
* VicFlora: a8e3ac39-0320-48ff-a4a3-ab735047042f

 |
**Affricates** are consonants that are said with a stop with a fricative immediately afterwards. For example, the 'ch' sound in English (written as /t͡ʃ/ in IPA) is said with an 't' (/t/) sound with an 'sh' (/ʃ/) sound immediately afterwards. Both voiced and voiceless affricates exist; in English, they are /d͡ʒ/ (the 'j' sound) and /t͡ʃ/ (the 'ch' sound) respectively. 

Affricates in English| Voicing | IPA | Often written as letter(s)... | Sample word in English | Sample word in IPA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Voiceless affricate | t͡ʃ | ch | chew | /t͡ʃu/ |
| Voiced affricate | d͡ʒ | j | Jew | /d͡ʒu/ |

In Mandarin Chinese, affricates are told apart by aspiration, or breathiness, since voiced affricates do not exist; aspirated affricates, or breathy affricates, are /t͡ɕʰ/ (written as 'q' in Hanyu Pinyin), /t͡sʰ/ ('c'), and /ʈ͡ʂʰ/ ('ch'), and unaspirated affricates, or non-breathy affricates, are /t͡ɕ/ ('j'), /t͡s/ ('z'), and /ʈ͡ʂ/ ('zh').

Affricates in Mandarin Chinese| Aspiration | Pinyin | IPA | Sample Chinese word | Word meaning |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Aspirated | ch- | /ʈ͡ʂʰ/ | 炒 chǎo | to fry |
| c- | /t͡sʰ/ | 草 cǎo | grass / straw |
| q- | /t͡ɕʰ/ | 桥 qiáo | bridge |
| Unaspirated | zh- | /ʈ͡ʂ/ | zhào 找 | to look for / to seek |
| z- | /t͡s/ | zǎo 早 | morning |
| j- | /t͡ɕ/ | jiào 叫 | to call (oneself) |
The **2016 World Series** was the 112th edition of the World Series, the championship round of Major League Baseball. It was played between the Chicago Cubs of the National League and the Cleveland Indians of the American League. Both were seeking to end their own long-standing droughts, as the Indians hadn't won a World Series title since 1948, and the Cubs had the longest drought in American sports history, as they hadn't won it since 1908. The Cubs defeated the Indians in seven games after trailing in the series three games to one, to win their first World Series title in 108 years.

The Indians took the first game with a 6-0 victory, in which Indians' starter Corey Kluber pitched six plus shutout innings. The Cubs evened the series, winning 5-1. And then the series shifted to Wrigley field for the next three games. The Indians took a three games to one series lead after winning games 4 and 5 by respective scores of 1-0 and 7-2. The Cubs, however, sent the series back to Cleveland, winning game 5 by a score of 3-2. Game 5 was notable for Aroldis Chapman pitching 2 2/3 scoreless innings to get the save. The Cubs would then force Game 7 with a 9-3 blowout win in Game 6.

Game 7 would go down as a classic, with comparisons to 1960, 1991, and 2001 regarding the game's intensity. Dexter Fowler led off the game with a home run. But the Indians would tie the game in the bottom of the third inning. The Cubs then jumped out to a 5-1 lead, but then a David Ross error followed by a wild pitch allowed the Indians to cut the lead to 5-3. Ross, however, hit a home run in the top of the sixth inning to make it 6-3 Cubs. In the bottom of the eighth inning, Brandon Guyer cut the lead to 6-4 with a run-scoring double. And then Rajai Davis tied the game at 6-6 with a two-run home run. After nine innings, there was a rain delay which lasted for 17 minutes before play resumed. In the top of the tenth, the Cubs broke the tie with RBI hits from Ben Zobrist and Miguel Montero, making the score 8-6. In the bottom of the inning, Carl Edward Jr. retired the first two but then walked Guyer and allowed an RBI single from Davis, making the score 8-7. Mike Montgomery then retired Michael Martinez for the final out. The Cubs thereby won the Series, ending their 108-year championship drought.
Activation energy with and without a catalyst
The **activation energy** of a chemical reaction is the minimum energy that is needed to make the reaction happen. It usually has the symbol Ea and it is measured in kilojoule per mole. It can be thought of as a barrier between the reagents and the products of a reaction. The activation energy is the difference in energy between the transition state and the starting reagents.

Arrhenius equation
------------------

This equation is a way of calculating the activation energy. Its form is:

{\displaystyle k=Ae^{{-E\_{a}}/{RT}}}
Here, *k* is the rate constant of the reaction (which can be measured using chemical kinetics), *A* is a frequency factor, *R* is the universal gas constant, *T* is the temperature. If we measure how fast the reaction goes at different temperatures, then we can make a graph and calculate the activation energy using this equation.

Catalysis
---------

When using a catalyst the activation energy is made smaller. This means that the reaction can go faster at the same temperature. The catalyst does not change the energy of the reagents or the products. Also, the catalyst does not change in the reaction. Therefore, it can be used again and again and only a small amount of a catalyst is needed. 



Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Activation energy***.
**Alexey Ekimyan** (Armenian: Ալեքսեյ Հեքիմյան, Russian: Алексей Гургенович Экимян (April 10, 1927, Baku - April 24, 1982, Moscow) was a famous Armenian-Russian composer, and author of popular songs. Ekimyan was also a General of Soviet militsia (police) and was the head of Criminal Investigation Department of Moscow region. He was considered the only popular composer in the world who ruled a law-enforcement department at the same time. Ekimyan awarded by the *"Renowned Master of the Arts"* Armenian SSR official title.

Ekimyan's first song for the Moscow International Festival (1957) was approved by Vano Muradeli ("I don't know if you would become a general, but you would become a composer!"). His songs were performed and recorded by prominent Soviet singers that include Lyudmila Zykina, Iosif Kobzon, Lusine Zakaryan. Some hits by Ekimyan were chosen for the "Song of the Year" all-Soviet festivals during the 1970s-'80s.

The documentary film-concert "Paths of My Memory" (1979, 27 min.) by Yerevan Studio is dedicated to the Alexey Ekimyan. 

Ekimyan died on April 24, 1982. He is buried in Yerevan, Armenia.

Discography
-----------

* Artashes Avetyan sings: songs by Alexey Ekimyan, U.S.S.R.: Melodiya, 1978 (LP). C60-10619-20
* Alexey Ekimyan. Beregite druzey... Russia: Melodia, 2006 (CD)
* Alexey Ekimyan. Vot i vstretilis, Russia: Melodia, 2007 (CD)

Other websites
--------------

* Alexey Ekimyan's biography (in Russian)
Ten most common elements in the Milky Way Galaxy estimated spectroscopically| Z | Element | Mass fraction (ppm) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Hydrogen | 739,000 |
| 2 | Helium | 240,000 |
| 8 | Oxygen | 10,400 |
| 6 | Carbon | 4,600 |
| 10 | Neon | 1,340 |
| 26 | Iron | 1,090 |
| 7 | Nitrogen | 960 |
| 14 | Silicon | 650 |
| 12 | Magnesium | 580 |
| 16 | Sulfur | 440 |
|  | Total | 999,060 |

The elements are only a small part of the content of the Universe. By "elements" is meant ordinary (baryonic) matter made of protons, neutrons, and electrons. 

Observations suggest that *only 4.6% of the universe's energy makes up the visible (baryonic) matter of the universe*. That includes the energy (*E* = *mc*2 ⇔ *m* = *E* / *c*2) in stars, planets, and living beings. 

The rest is thought to be made up of dark energy (68%) and dark matter (27%). These are forms of matter and energy are *believed* to exist on the basis of scientific theory and inductive reasoning. They are based on observations, but they have not been directly observed. Their nature is not well understood.

Most standard (baryonic) matter is found in intergalactic gas, stars, and interstellar clouds, in the form of atoms or ions (plasma). Degenerate forms are found in extreme settings, such as the high densities inside white dwarfs and neutron stars.

The inner planets of the Solar System are unusual because they have a high amount of heavier elements. These heavier elements were formed in earlier supernovae.
The **3I Sky Arrow** is a high wing aircraft made in the 1990s by 3I. It's powered by a Rotax 912 engine.

3I sky arrow

Variants
--------

* Sky Arrow LSA
* Sky Arrow 650 TCN

### General aviation – out of production

* Sky Arrow 650 TC
* Sky Arrow 650 TCN
* Sky Arrow 650 TCNS

### General aviation – in production

* Sky Arrow 650TCS:

(100 hp engine), VFR and Sky Arrow 650 TCNS for VFR Night - Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) of 650 kg (1,433 lb)
* Sky Arrow 710RG:

100 hp engine, C for VFR and CN for VFR Night with an increased MTOW of 710 kg (1,565 lb) and retractable landing gear
* Sky Arrow 710 PLUS:

100 hp engine, C and CN with an increased MTOW of 710 kg (1,565 lb) and the fixed landing gear
* Sky Arrow 650 ERA:

fitted with RAWAS instrumentation by the Atmospheric Turbulence Diffusion Division of the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration and Iniziative Industriali Italiane, for use in territory control environmental monitoring and for scientific research purposes.
### Light aircraft

* Sky Arrow 450TS (100 hp)
* Sky Arrow 480TS (100 hp)
* Sky Arrow 500TF (80 hp)

### Light sport – in production

* Sky Arrow Sport (100 hp)

Meets ATSM requirements for the FAA Light-Sport category of aircraft.
### Assembly kit

* Sky Arrow 1450L (100 hp/115 hp)

Homebuilt package consists of ten subkits. Meets the FAA 51 percent builder rule.
This article is about the city in Egypt. For other uses, see Alexandria (disambiguation).
Alexandria harbour, looking south from the Mediterranean Sea, along the curved coastline.
San Stefano Plaza, Alexandria

**Alexandria** (Arabic: الإسكندرية) is the second largest city in Egypt. It was founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC as Ἀλεξάνδρεια (*Alexandria*). It is on the Mediterranean Sea, only 225 km (140 miles) northwest of Cairo.

Alexandria has 3.8 million people. It is the main port of Egypt. It has two airports and three big stadia: Alexandria stadium, Harras el hadoud stadium and Borg el-Arab stadium in the Borg el-Arab industrial city.

The fourth Wikimania was hosted in this city in 2008.

History
-------

Alexandria, named after Alexander the Great, was founded around 331 BC. For nearly 300 years, it was the capital of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt. Some famous ancient Greek scientists, such as Euclid of Alexandria and Eratosthenes, lived there or studied there. It was home to the largest library in the ancient Western world, the Library of Alexandria. 

It was a wealthy city in its heyday, and remained the main way Egyptian grain went by sea to Ancient Rome. Rome depended greatly on Egyptian grain. Much of Alexandria sank below the sea in the 4th century. Some of her history is in the Mediterranean.

After the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 641 AD, they did not want to have their capital at Alexandria, because it was too vulnerable to naval raids. They made a new capital, much farther upriver, on the east side of the Nile, and called it Fustat. Alexandria became less important.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Alexandria***.

* Official website
* Greek Community of Alexandria
Alexei Lubimov in 1984
**Alexei Lubimov** (born 1944 as Алексе́й Бори́сович Люби́мов, Alexey Borisovich Lyubimov) is a Russian pianist.

He performs on such historical instruments as fortepiano and harpsichord. Lubimov studied at the Moscow Conservatory. In the past he gave concerts with the London Philharmonic, City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, Russian National Orchestra in Moscow, and the Tonkünstlerorchester.

Lubimov made several recordings using original historical fortepianos as well as replicas. Among others these recordings include works of Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin and Debussy.

Other websites
--------------

* Alexei Lubimov at *www.seattlesymphony.org*
* About Lubimov in California Artists Management

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**Surah Al-Maidah** (Arabic: سورة المائدة) is the 5th surah of the Muslim religious book, the Qur'an , which has 120 verses and 18 ruku's. The Surah was revealed in Medina.

Name
----

It is named after the word 'Maidah' mentioned in a verse of 15 Ruku of this Surah. The word mayidah means 'dining table' or 'a table in which food is served'. Like most of the surahs in the Qur'an, the name of this surah has nothing to do with its subject matter. It has been called by this name merely to distinguish it from other Surahs.

Time of revelation
------------------

This Surah was revealed at the end of 6 AH or at the beginning of 6 AH after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. This is clear from the subject matter of the Surah and the various narrations of the Hadith also prove its authenticity. The event of the month of Zilqad in the sixth Hijri. Fourteen, with Muslims the Prophet Muhammad Umrah to perform there has arisen. But the Quraish disbelievers, out of enmity, completely opposed the oldest religious tradition in Arabia and did not allow him to perform Umrah. After much debate and debate, they agreed that next year you can come to visit the house of God. At this time, on the one hand, the Muslims had a KaabaIt was necessary to explain the rules of pilgrimage for the purpose of pilgrimage, so that the Umrah could be performed with full Islamic dignity next year, and on the other hand, it was necessary to urge them to respond to the excesses of the infidel enemies by not allowing them to perform Umrah. Let them take the lead, so that they may not again oppress the disbelievers. Because Hajj to many disbelieving tribesThe tour had to go through Muslim-dominated areas. In the same way that the Muslims were not allowed to visit the Ka'bah, they could have forcibly blocked the way of visiting the Ka'bah of these disbelieving tribes. This is the context in which the introductory speech at the beginning of this Surah is discussed. This issue has been raised again in the front thirteen ruku's. This proves that the same speech continues from the first ruku to the fourteenth ruku. In addition, all the other contents we find in this Surah seem to be of the same period

The continuity of the narration suggests that this entire surah is included in a single discourse and that it was probably revealed at the same time. Again, some of its verses may have been revealed later separately and due to the unity of content, they have been included in different places of this Surah. But nowhere in the continuity of narration is the slightest emptiness felt. As a result, there is no time to think of it as the sum of two or three speeches.

Other websites
--------------

* Works related to The Holy Qur'an (Maulana Muhammad Ali)/5. The Food at Wikisource
* Quran 5 Clear Quran translation
* Q5:51, 50+ translations, islamawakened.com

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An action camera, without its plastic box
A skydiving soldier jumping off an airplane, with an action camera screwed on top of his helmet to film his jump
An **action camera** is a small video camera made for sticking to a person while playing sport or traveling on a vehicle. This kind of camera is for used for filming an event in a way that people watching the film feel like they are looking from the eyes of person who are doing activities in the event themselves (first-person perspective). While action camera is made for filming, it can also take pictures. All films and pictures it took will be kept on a tiny card that you can pull them out and watch them later.

Action camera is made to be small and very light, so that a person who wear it does not feel its weight while doing his or her things. And it usually uses wide-angle lens to film as many details around as possible. Inside the camera, there is a battery that lasts long enough for you to film for few hours. Action camera is also made to be stronger than normal video camera, so that it keeps filming even when the wearing person moves at high speed or crashes into something.

Camera sellers usually give you a hard clear plastic box that fits with the camera when you buy it. When they do, you should store the camera in this box every time you are going to film something. This box will have holes, a belt, or a metal rod which you can use for tying it to a person, or screwing it on an object that person wears (usually a helmet). Some kind of these boxes can stop water from coming into it when closed, so you may use them to film under water without breaking the camera as well.

Related pages
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* Dashboard camera, which looks like an action camera, but made for sticking on a vehicle instead of person.
* Webcam, a small video camera that is made to be used with a computer.
Ouroboros, the snake eating its own tail, is a symbol of renewal and everlasting existence. This is a drawing by Theodoros Pelecanos in a 1478 copy of a lost alchemical tract. 
An **allegory** is a term for a figure of speech. It is a story or picture with a hidden meaning. The characters in allegories are symbols which represent particular ideas. The story has a figurative meaning, not just a literal one.

Allegory is an example of rhetoric, but an allegory does not have to be a story in language. It may be something to look at, such as a painting or sculpture.

An allegory is like a long metaphor. People have to use their imagination to understand what it is trying to say. A fable or parable is a short allegory with one basic idea (a moral).

Sometimes people say that stories have meanings which the author, in fact, did not intend. For instance, many people have suggested that *The Lord of the Rings* was an allegory for the World Wars, but, in fact, it was written well before the outbreak of World War II, and J.R.R. Tolkien said that it was not an allegory. In this way people sometimes change the author’s ideas. Sometimes they do it for their own political reasons.

Examples
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Allegory has been a favourite form in the literature of nearly every nation. It is often used as a way of criticizing things or people where it would not be possible to do so directly.

In classical literature Plato and Ovid wrote allegories. Dante Alighieri wrote allegories in *The Divine Comedy*. In the Middle Ages *Everyman* was a morality play. John Bunyan’s *The Pilgrim's Progress* tells the story of a man trying to lead a Christian life. Jonathan Swift wrote *Gulliver's Travels*, which tells about the strange customs of (made-up) faraway countries, but he was really criticizing things about his own country, the United Kingdom. *Animal Farm* by George Orwell is another example of an allegory, this time of the Soviet Union during Josef Stalin's era and the Russian Revolution. Some of the characters can be directly linked to figures during that time.

Songs may also include allegories. "Waist Deep In The Big Muddy" tells a story of American soldiers in the 1800s, ordered by their commander to march into the Mississippi River, which they could never cross on foot. In truth, it told the story of soldiers fighting in the Vietnam War in the 1960s, and being expected to do the white guy's bidding.

Allegories still continue to be popular today. Pictures, movies and plays can be allegories. William Golding’s novel *Lord of the Flies* also has allegorical meaning. *Star Trek* used a great deal of allegory, to look at social conditions and moral values in the present, while telling stories based in the future. Alien races were often a reflection of Earth's own races and countries.

Allegorical artworks include Sandro Botticelli's *La Primavera (Allegory of Spring)* and Jan Vermeer's *The Allegory of Painting*.

Related pages
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* Trope


The Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for:

 ***allegory***.
the central memorial for the Ha'apala in London Garden in Tel Aviv
Ha'apala graves in mount herzl
***Aliyah Bet*** (Hebrew: 'עלייה ב, *Aliyah bet*) is the name of the illegal immigration to by Jews to the British Mandate of Palestine between 1934 and 1948. It is also known as ***Ha'apala*** (Hebrew: ההעפלה, meaning ascension) in Hebrew. Over 100,000 people tried to illegally enter Palestine. There were 142 voyages by 120 ships. Over half were stopped by the British patrols. Over 1,600 drowned at sea. Only a few thousand actually entered Palestine.

A national burial site for those Jews who drowned in the sea during the *Aliyah Bet* is in the National Civil Cemetery of the State of Israel in Mount Herzl. Other burials are in Carmel Beach cemetery in Haifa. A museum of the history of *Aliyah Bet* is in Atlit detainee camp. The central memorial for those who did the *Aliyah Bet* is in the London Garden in Tel Aviv.

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Aliyah Bet***.

* Aliyah Bet and Machal Virtual Museum
* "Aliyah During World War II and its Aftermath", *Jewish Virtual Library*
* United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Aliyah Bet
* Aliyah Bet Voyages Aliyah Bet Project Aliyah Bet Voyages includes pictures and details of the boats of Aliyah Bet, ports of origin, dates of sailing, dates of arrival in Palestine and the number of immigrants on board.
* The background to Aliyah Bet Archived 2014-02-22 at the Wayback Machine
In law, **affinity** is the kinship relationship that exists between two or more people as a result of somebody's marriage. It is different from consanguinity (blood relationship). Affinity is the relationship which each party to a marriage has to the relatives of the other partner to the marriage. But affinity does not cover the marital relationship of the parties to the marriage themselves.

Affinity laws
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Under the law, such relatives by marriage are known as **affines**. More commonly, they are known as "**in-laws**", as affinity is usually signified by adding "-in-law" to a degree of kinship.

In law, affinity may be used to prohibit incestuous sexual relations. It may also be relevant in preventing some couples from marrying. Which relationships are prohibited varys from country to country, and from time to time. In some countries, especially in the past, the prohibited relationships were based on religious laws. In earlier laws, affinity was used in the same degrees as consanguinity in prohibiting marriages.

Though laws vary considerably, affinity does not always cease with the death of one of the marriage partners through whom affinity is traced. It does not always end with the divorce of the marriage partners. In addition to kinship by marriage, "affinity" can sometimes also include kinship by adoption and step relationship.

Related pages
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* Affinity (canon law)
* Consanguinity
* Kinship

Other websites
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* Can In-laws marry in the Church?
A U.S. 51 star flag has been created in case a 51st state actually joins the United States.
**51st state** refers to a place or territory that is not one of the 50 states of the United States, but people think about making it the 51st state. It is sometimes a joke term in American politics, and sometimes a realistic one. It is usually said about the possibility of Puerto Rico or other U.S. territories becoming part of the United States. When used to refer to other countries, it is a joke, usually about Canada. There have been attempts by people in the United States to get Canada to join them (like in the Articles of Confederation), but Canada has never accepted these offers. It is also sometimes used to refer to countries that seem to be controlled by the United States. Before the year 1959 when Alaska and Hawaii became states, the sentence "the 49th state" was used.

Places in the United States that are not states right now, but might become the 51st state include the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the US Virgin Islands, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands. Besides admitting a new state, another type of proposal has been to form a 51st (or even 52nd) state by dividing a current state, such as the most-populous state (and third-largest state, geographically) of California into two or even three states, or Texas (the second-most populous) into four or five states.

Some regions of the U.S. that include land that is now in two different states and might become a new state include the "State of Jefferson" (Northmost California plus the southern counties of Oregon) and the "State of Lincoln" (Eastmost Washington State plus the northern panhandle of Idaho. A move has also been proposed to separate the westmost one-fourth of Nebraska from that state, but to add that to Wyoming (the least-populous state), rather than to create an entirely new state. This region is actually much closer to Cheyenne, Wyoming, the capital city, than it is to its current capital of Lincoln, Nebraska. 

In 2012 and more recently in 2017, the people of Puerto Rico voted strongly in favor of becoming the 51st state, but the approval of the United States Congress is also needed.

Guyana has also seen political movements favoring and advocating for it to become an American associated territory with eventual statehood as its goal.

Several Canadian Provinces as well as the whole of Canada have had political parties and movements advocating American statehood making their North American location a natural candidate and ideal prospect.
**Artyom Alexandrovich Anoufriev** (born in October 4, 1992) and **Nikita Vakhtangovich Lytkin** (born in March 24, 1993 – died in November 30, 2021) (Russian: Артём Александрович Ануфриев и Никита Вахтангович Лыткин) are two serial killers from Irkutsk, Russia.

On April 5, 2011, Anoufriev and Lytkin were arrested in connection with a series of six murders and attacks on local residents in Akademgorodok of Irkutsk. The attacks, which involved a mallet and knife, began in December 2010. Anoufriev and Lytkin were arrested after a video recording showing the dead body of a woman being mutilated with a knife was found on a camera belonging to Lytkin's uncle, who had become suspicious. According to media reports, the youths had been influenced by reading about the Alexander Pichushkin and Dnepropetrovsk maniacs (Igor Suprunyuck and Viktor Sayenko) on the Internet. Also, Anoufriev took part in a Russian neo\_Nazi march. A psychiatric examination found them to be sane, and they told doctors that they had chosen weak and drunk people as their victims. On 2 April 2013, Anoufriev was sentenced to life imprisonment and Lytkin to 24 years.

Murder victims
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* December 1, 2010 - Danil Semyonov (age 12)
* December 16, 2010 - Olga Pirog (age 69)
* January 1, 2011 - unknown homeless man
* February 21, 2011 - Alexander Maximov
* March 11, 2011 - Roman Faizullin
* April 3, 2011 - unknown homeless woman (born in 1948)

Sources
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* Detainees in the case of serial murders in Irkutsk were neo-Nazis
* Kids find and a dead body and………… Archived 2011-11-28 at the Wayback Machine
* Interview with Anoufriev
* Mommy's sons at YouTube (in Russian)
Zero kelvin (−273.15 °C) is defined as absolute zero.
**Absolute zero** is the temperature at which the particles of matter (molecules and atoms) are at their lowest energy points. Some might think that at absolute zero particles lose all energy and stop moving. This is not correct. In quantum physics there is something called zero point energy, which means that even after all the energy from particles has been removed, the particles still have some energy. This is due to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, which states that the more that is known about a particle's position, the less that can be known about its momentum, and vice versa. Therefore, a particle cannot be completely stopped because then its exact position and momentum would be known. 

Some people have created temperatures very close to absolute zero: the record temperature was 100 pK (one hundred picokelvin, equal to 10−10 kelvin) above absolute zero. Even getting close to absolute zero is difficult because anything that touches an object being cooled near absolute zero would give heat to the objects. Scientists use lasers to slow atoms when cooling objects to very low temperatures.

The kelvin and Rankine temperature scales are defined so that absolute zero is 0 kelvin (K) or 0 degrees Rankine (°R). The Celsius and Fahrenheit scales are defined so that absolute zero is −273.15 °C or −459.67 °F.

At this stage the pressure of the particles is zero. If we plot a graph to it, we can see that the temperature of the particles is zero. The temperature cannot go down any further. Also, the particles cannot move in "reverse" either because as the movement of particles is vibration, vibrating in reverse would be nothing but simply vibrating again. The closer the temperature of an object gets to absolute zero, the less resistive the material is to electricity therefore it will conduct electricity almost perfectly, with no measurable resistance.

The Third Law of Thermodynamics says that nothing can ever have a temperature of absolute zero.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics says that all engines that are powered by heat (like car engines and steam train engines) must release waste heat and can not be 100% efficient. This is because the efficiency (percent of energy the engine uses up that is actually used to do the engine's job) is 100%×(1-Toutside/Tinside), which only is 100% if the outside temperature is absolute zero which it cannot be. So, an engine cannot be 100% efficient, but you can make its efficiency closer to 100% by making the inside temperature hotter and/or the outside temperature colder.

Related pages
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* Absolute temperature
* Absolute hot
* Superfluidity
The **luna moth** (*Actias luna*) is a species of moth. It is in the family Saturniidae. The luna moth is thought to be North America's most beautiful insect.

Description
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The luna moth has a wingspan of 7.5 to 10.5 cm. The wings are lime-green. The bottom wings have long tails. There is a clear spot on each wing. There is a reddish-brown border on the top edge of the top wing. Some individuals have pinkish borders on the outer edge of both wings. Other individuals have yellowish borders instead. Adult luna moths have no mouth, and live on the fat they stored up at the larval stage. Because of this, they only live for about a week.

Distribution
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The luna moth is found in North America. It is found from Nova Scotia, west to North Dakota, south to Texas, and east to Florida.

The luna moth is found in habitats such as woodlands and forests.

Flight period
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The luna moth is seen from May to July in the northern part of its range. It is seen from March to September in the southern part of its range.

Life cycle
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Luna moth
The luna moth's eggs are brown. The caterpillar is green. It has bright red spots on its body. There are two yellow stripes that run down each side of the body. The caterpillar will grow to 6.5 cm long. The luna moth caterpillar is similar to the polyphemus moth (*Antheraea polyphemus*) caterpillar. The polyphemus moth caterpillar does not have yellow stripes on its body. The luna moth's cocoon is made of dead leaves on the ground. It overwinters (spends the winter) as a cocoon. The luna moth lays eggs once each year in the northern part of its range. It has three broods per year in the southern part of its range.

Food plants
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The caterpillars feed on the following host plants:

* *Alnus* – Alder
* *Betula* – Birch
* *Carya* and *Annamocarya* – Hickory
* *Diospyros* – Persimmon
* *Juglans* – Walnut
* *Liquidambar* – Sweet gum
* *Nyssa sylvatica* – Black gum
* *Rhus* – Sumac
**Alan Garner** OBE (born 17 October 1934) is an English author who writes children's fantasy novels.

Early life
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Garner was born in Congleton in the front room of his grandfather's house. He grew up in a town called Alderley Edge. His family told stories about the local area involving kings, knights and wizards. He played with his friends in the cliffs and forests around the town. He later used these experiences to give him ideas for his books. In 1953 he went to Oxford University but left after a few years because he wanted to concentrate on writing.

Writing career
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Garner worked as a labourer until his first book The Weirdstone of Brisingamen was published in 1960. It is set in the Alderley Edge mines and the story is about wizards and knights underground, just like in the stories Garner's family would tell. After the book was published, Garner gave up his job and started working as a television reporter instead. He made very little money. At this time, he started to work on a second book called The Moon of Gomrath. In 1965, Elidor was published, telling the story of four children who enter a fantasy world.