recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
***Orange Is the New Black*** is an American comedy-drama series on Netflix. Jenji Kohan created it. She is known for creating Weeds. It is based on the memoir of the same name by Piper Kerman. So far there have been three seasons with 13 episodes each. The first episode of season two aired on June 6, 2014. The third season premiered on June 11, 2015.

In April 2015, the series was renewed for a fourth season, to be released on June 17, 2016. In February 2016, the series was renewed through seven seasons.

*Orange Is the New Black* is the first series to get Emmy Award nominations in both comedy and drama categories. The series has also received six Golden Globe Award nominations, six Writers Guild of America Award nominations, two Producers Guild of America Awards, an American Film Institute award, and a Peabody Award.

Plot and cast
-------------

The show is about Piper Chapman (Taylor Schilling), a middle class woman who has been sent to prison for carrying drug money for her ex-girlfriend Alex Vause (Laura Prepon), who is also put in the prison. She is engaged to a man called Larry (Jason Biggs), and describes herself as an 'ex-lesbian'. However, being in prison causes her to rethink her sexual orientation and her identity in general. The show has strong LGBT themes and has been described as a 'lesbian tv show'. Lesbian characters include Carrie "Big Boo" Black (Lea DeLaria), Suzanne "Crazy Eyes" Warren (Uzo Aduba), and Nicky Nichols (Natasha Lyonne). Transgender prisoner Sophia Burset is played by Laverne Cox, a real trans woman. Most of the characters are women of color.

The third episode, "Lesbian Request Denied", was directed by Jodie Foster.

Critical response
-----------------

*Orange Is the New Black* was well-received by critics. The Washington Post called the show 'brilliance behind bars'. Taylor Schilling was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Lead Actress in a Drama Series.

Other websites
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* *Orange Is the New Black* on IMDb
**Qisas** or **Qiṣāṣ** (Arabic: قِصَاص, romanized: *Qiṣāṣ*, lit. 'accountability, following up after, pursuing or prosecuting') is a term interpreted to mean "retaliation in kind", "eye for an eye", or retributive justice. 

Qisas was a practice used as a resolution tool in inter-tribal conflicts in pre-Islamic Arab society. The basis of this practice was that a member of the tribe to which the murderer belonged was handed over to the victim's family for execution, equivalent to the social status of the murdered person. The condition of *social equivalence* meant the execution of a member of the murderer's tribe who was equivalent to the murdered, in that the murdered person was male or female, slave or free, elite or commonplace. For example, only one slave can be killed for a slave, and a woman can be killed for a woman. On this pre-islamic understandings the discussion *whether a Muslim could be executed for a non-Muslim* was added in Islamic period.

In historical practice, qisas appears in two forms. One of them is, the punishment of the perpetrator "with the same act" in crimes "committed against the physical integrity of the person, such as a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth". Another application is related to the social status of the perpetrator and the victim. In the tribal understanding, when a person kills a woman, a slave or an honorable person from another tribe, a person "of similar status from the tribe to which the murderer belongs" will be killed in return. As a general custom, killing the master's to slave, father's to child, husband's to wife was not punished with retaliation, and retaliation was not applied to the man who killed the woman as a rule. The condition of "social equality" in qisas means that; "if a socially inferior person kills someone from the upper class, qisas will be applied", whereas "if someone from the upper class kills someone from the lower class, it cannot be applied". 

In this case, compensation can be paid to the family of the murdered person.

The main verse for implementation in Islam is Al Baqara; 178 verse;
*: '*Believers! Retaliation is ordained for you regarding the people who were killed. Free versus free, captive versus captive, woman versus woman. Whoever is forgiven by the brother of the slain for a price, let him abide by the custom and pay the price well."

In traditional Islamic law (*sharia*), the doctrine of qisas allows a punishment analogous to the crime. Qisas is available to the victim or victim's heirs against a person convicted of murder or intentional bodily injury. In the case of murder, qisas gives the right to take the life of the killer, if the latter is convicted and the court approves. Those who are entitled to *qisas* have the option of receiving monetary compensation (*diyya*) or granting pardon to the person instead.
A **measure word** is a word or morpheme (the smallest meaningful unit in a language) that shows how much of something there is.

In English, measure words are used to show amounts of something that cannot be easily counted, also called uncountable nouns or mass nouns. For example, a person cannot usually say, "I have three gasolines", since gasoline is not easy to count. However, a person can measure how much gasoline there is or count how many containers are used to hold gasoline. In other words, people can say, "I have three gallons of gasoline", "I have three liters of gasoline", or "I have three tanks of gasoline."

In English, count nouns are their own measure words. A person can say "I have three cars" or "cars have four wheels". The nouns do not need any extra words because the nouns themselves are easy to count. Measure words can also be used to describe groups of countable nouns. For example, a group of cattle is called "a herd of cattle" and a group of fish is called "a school of fish."

In many East Asian languages, like Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, measure words must be used to count both mass nouns and count nouns. Unlike in English, a person cannot simply say "three cars" or "four wheels" in Chinese. The nouns in both phrases need a measure word. In Chinese a person must say "three (vehicle) car" (三辆车) and "four (thing) wheel" (四个轮).
This is a list of some comets in the solar system.

Periodic comets visit us again and again. Non-periodic comets visit us only once. On this list there is a "P" in front of the periodic comets. In front of non-periodic comets there is a "C". There is sometimes a number in front of the "P": it shows the number of times people saw the periodic comet visiting us.

Comets we usually know by a name
--------------------------------

* Caesar's Comet
* Comet Borrelly (19P/Borrelly)
* Comet Encke (2P/Encke)
* Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1)
* Halley's Comet (1P/Halley)
* Comet Humason (C/1961 R1)
* Comet Hyakutake (C/1996 B2)
* Comet Ikrya–Seki (C/1965 S1)
* Comet Kohoutek (C/1973 E1)
* Comet Mrkos (C/1957 P1)
* Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 (D/1993 F2)
* Comet Skjellerup–Maristany (C/1927 X1)
* Comet West (C/1975 V1)
* Great Comet of 1807 (C/1807 R1)
* Great Comet of 1811 (C/1811 F1)
* Great March Comet of 1843 (C/1843 D1)
* Great January Comet (C/1910 A1)
* Comet Swift–Tuttle (109P/Swift–Tuttle)

Periodic comets
---------------

Periodic comets have a special place in astronomy, because their orbits are often the same. We know when they will visit us, and we can plan to watch them, and send space probes to look at them. 

On August 24, 1994, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) standardized the way they name this type of comet. This system tells us which comet is which. The IAU chose the letter **P** for periodic comets and **D** for periodic comets that were lost or which broke into pieces.
Other letters are **C** for *non-periodic* comets, and **X** for comets where we do not know their orbits. It uses **A** for objects people say are asteroids. Each name starts with a number, so two comets have the same name.

sources
-------

* Bright Comet Chronicles

This list is not complete. You can help by adding to it.
**Léo Major** DCM & Bar (January 23, 1921 – October 12, 2008) was a Canadian soldier. He was the only Canadian to ever get the Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM) twice in different wars. Major got his first DCM in World War II in 1945 when he made the German army run away in the city of Zwolle; he did this by himself. He was sent to scout the city with one of his best friends, but he thought Zwolle was too beautiful for an attack, deciding instead to clear it out himself. A firefight happened in which his friend was killed, and after that, he put the commanders of each group of enemy soldiers he found at gunpoint. He did this until he could take soldier groups prisoner back at base. He did this again and again until the there were no more German soldiers in the city. He got his second DCM in 1951 during the Korean War for leading the capture of an important hill.

Life
----

### World War II

Major was serving with the Régiment de la Chaudière. They landed on the beaches in the Normandy Invasion on June 6, 1944. During a reconnaissance mission on D-Day, Major captured a German armored vehicle (a Hanomag) by himself. The vehicle had German communication equipment and secret codes in it.

Other websites
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* A story of Léo Major and his acclaimed work in two wars Archived 2022-05-26 at the Wayback Machine
* Léo Major at Find a Grave
* Badass of the Week: Léo Major
* The Gallery of Heroes
* CBC article with photos
* 2018 Radio-Canada documentary Léo Major : le fantôme borgne (in French) Archived 2020-02-20 at the Wayback Machine

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* VIAF
* WorldCat Identities

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A mountain pass.
In a group of hills or mountains, a **pass** is a path for crossing a mountain. It is usually a saddle point between two higher areas. Many of the world's mountain ranges have always made travel difficult so passes have been important throughout history in trade, war and migration.

A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains. They are often found just above the source of a river, making a sort of "bridge" over to the headwaters of another river. Passes may be very short, with steep slopes to the top of the pass, or valleys of many kilometers.

Roads and railways have been built through passes. Some high and rugged passes may have tunnels dug underneath to let traffic move faster.

The top of a pass is often the only flat ground in the area so it is often a good site for buildings. For countries whose borders lie on a mountain range, the pass is often part of the border. As well as making travel easy between valleys, passes also provide a route between two mountain tops so it is common for tracks to meet at a pass; this often makes them good routes even when travelling between a summit and the valley floor.

Some of the best known passes are Great St Bernard Pass at 2,473 metres (8,114 ft) in the Alps, the Khyber Pass at 1,027 metres (3,369 ft) between Afghanistan and Pakistan, and the Khardong La Pass at 5,359 metres (17,582 ft) in Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Related pages
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* Ranges, Peaks and passes of the Alps

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Mountain passes at Wikimedia Commons
Mixed-member proportional representation (often referred to as **"MMP"**) is an electoral system used in Germany and in many English-speaking countries. It is often thought of as a proportional representation system. In the United Kingdom, MMP is often referred to as the "additional member system" (or "AMS"). It is used to select the German Bundestag in Germany and is used in parliaments and other elections in various English-speaking countries.

MMP systems attempt to achieve both a proportional representation and a majority support, by asking voters to vote for a specific representative, and vote for a political party. Some of the representatives are elected from electoral lists drawn up by the respective parties. The number of representatives who are considered elected on the respective lists of the parties and are thus allowed to move into parliament is determined according to the proportion of votes that the parties were able to unite.

Another part of the representation is directly elected through constituencies in which candidates stand for election. For this purpose, the country is divided into a number of administrative divisions, in which usually only one candidate can be elected at a time. Whichever candidate was able to collect the most votes is elected. The Federal Republic of Germany was the first country in which such an electoral system was introduced in 1949, in the elections to the German Bundestag.
***Le Monde*** (English: *The World*) is a French daily evening newspaper. It is among the newspapers most read in France. Its political opinion is slightly left-wing. In many countries outside France, this is the only French newspaper available.

The newspaper should not be confused with the monthly publication *Le Monde diplomatique*. *Le Monde* has 51% ownership of the monthly. Despite this, the monthly has a different editorial staff.

*Le Monde* was founded by Hubert Beuve-Méry. This was at the request of General Charles de Gaulle after the German army was driven from Paris during World War II. The newspaper took over the format of *Le Temps*, because the reputation of the latter had suffered during the Occupation of France. Beuve-Méry reportedly asked for total editorial independence as the condition for his taking on the project. Its first edition appeared on December 19, 1944. *Le Monde* has been available on the Internet since December 19, 1995. It is the main publication of Groupe Le Monde.

In 2004, *Le Monde* had a circulation of 371,803 copies.

Other websites
--------------

* Le Monde (in French)
**Melissa Cecelia Ewen Bell** (5 March 1964 – 28 August 2017) was an English singer. From 1993 to 1996, Bell was one of the lead singers of British R&B act Soul II Soul, with whom she released a single titled "Wish". She also created her own band called Soul Explosion, which started in 1999. She also worked with Liza Minnelli, Whitney Houston, and Stevie Wonder.

Early life
----------

A native of London, Bell was of African, and East Indian descent through her Jamaican-born parents. She was a graduate of Southwark College in London Borough of Southwark. She later began working in customer service for Marks and Spencer from 1982 until 1991.

Career
------

In 1987, she featured on Bobby E and the Midi City Crew's single "Walk on the Wild Side". In 1991, she appeared on the song "The Dancer" from the Bingoboys' album *The Best of Bingoboys*. She released her debut single "Reconsider" in 1992, which received major radio play. In the same year, she released another single titled "Crystal Clear".

In 1993, Bell joined British musical group Soul II Soul after Jazzie B heard her single "Reconsider" and asked her to join the group. She recorded a single called "Wish", which was released on their greatest hits album *Volume IV The Classic Singles 88–93* in 1993. The single peaked at number 24 on the UK Singles Chart. The success of the song invited her to perform the song on *Top of the Pops*. She continued to record and tour with the group as one of their featured singers. In 1995, she performed lead vocals on the song "Be a Man" on their fourth studio album *Volume V: Believe*. In 1996, she left the group to continue her solo career.

In 1997, Bell released four singles "Rumbled Sex", "Surrender", "Mixed Up", and "Nothing Gonna Stop Me Now"; which featured Potential Bad Boy. In 1999, she formed a new soul band called Soul Explosion. In 2000, she released two singles "Into My World" and "Love's in Need of Love Today" with a group called Dazz. In 2002, she released another single "(No More) Searching".

In June 2010, she released her autobiography *Heart and Soul: The Emotional Autobiography of Melissa Bell*.

Personal life
-------------

Bell was the mother of four children including singer Alexandra Burke. She suffered from diabetes, a condition which ran in her family. She also suffered kidney failure, and struggled to attend her daughter's live performances during her time on *The X Factor*. On 29 August 2017, her daughter announced the death of the singer.

* 1991: "Walk on the Wild Side" (Bobby E and the Midi City Crew featuring Melissa Bell)
* 1992: "Reconsider"
* 1992: "Crystal Clear"
* 1993: "Wish" (with Soul II Soul)
* 1997: "Rumbled Sex"
* 1997: "Surrender"
* 1997: "Mixed Up"
* 1997: "Nothing Gonna Stop Me Now" (featuring Potential Bad Boy)
* 2000: "Into My World" (with Dazz)
* 2001: "Love's in Need of Love Today" (with Dazz)
* 2002: "(No More) Searching"
* 2009: "Innocent Till Proven Guilty"
St-Thecla Church
Overview
**Maaloula** (Arabic: **معلولا**, *Ma‘lūlā*, from the Aramaic word **ܡܥܠܐ**, *ma‘lā*, meaning 'entrance') is a town in Syria. Most people in the town speak Western Neo-Aramaic. It is one of only three places where the Western branch of the Aramaic languages is still spoken along with two other nearby towns Bakh'a and Jubb'adin, Maaloula 56 km northeast of Damascus, and built into the rugged mountainside, at an altitude of more than 1500 meters. The distance and geography helped protect the town and its language for over one and half thousand years. However, modern roads and transportation, as well as accessibility to Arabic-language television and print media - and for some time until recently, also state policy - have eroded that linguistic heritage. As of 2005, the town has a population of 2,000.

Religiously, the population are both Christians and Muslims. For the Muslim inhabitants, the legacy is all the more remarkable given that they were not Arabized, unlike most other Syrians who like them were Islamized over the centuries but also adopted Arabic and shifted to an "Arab" ethnic identity.

Identity of these Arameans
--------------------------

Most people go on to assume that people in the Middle-East are Arab. While Arabic is the official language there are groups in "Arab" countries that have a clearly distinct culture. These Arameans are not Arab but have actually dwelled in Syria thousands of years before the Arabs came along. While a lot of them have turned to speak Arabic they retain the identity and the language which they use in church fellowship.
**Orion Pictures** (also known as **Orion Releasing LLC**) is an American movie production company. It is owned by the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The company made and released movies from 1978 to 1999.

Awards
------

Of the many movies distributed by Orion, four won the Academy Awards for Best Picture: *Amadeus* (1984), *Platoon* (1986), *Dances with Wolves* (1990) and *The Silence of the Lambs* (1991).

History
-------

In 1997, Orion was bought by MGM. In 2013, MGM revived the Orion name for television. In 2014, MGM restarted Orion Pictures.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Orion was famous for its *RoboCop* movies. The first *RoboCop* was in 1987. The second movie, *RoboCop 2*, was in 1990. The third movie, *RoboCop 3*, was released in November 1993.

Also during this period, Orion released the *Terminator* movies in 1984 and 1991. Both of them had Arnold Schwarzenegger as the Terminator.

On February 5, 2019, MGM and Annapurna Pictures expanded their U.S. distribution company, Mirror. Mirror was changed to United Artists Releasing.
**Least squares** is the name of a procedure in mathematics, to construct a function from a number of observed values. The basic idea is to construct the function in such a way that the sum of the difference between the observed value and its data point is minimized. Since the difference may go in either direction, the value of the difference is squared, for each value.

Carl Friedrich Gauss said he developed the method in 1795. He used it to recover the lost asteroid 1 Ceres and published it in 1807. He used ideas from Pierre-Simon Laplace. Adrien-Marie Legendre developed the same method independently, in 1805.

Related pages
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* Normal distribution
* Ordinary least squares

Further reading
---------------

* Lawson, C. L. & Hanson, R. J. (1995). Solving least squares problems (Vol. 15). SIAM.
* Bjorck, A. (1996). Numerical methods for least squares problems (Vol. 51). SIAM.

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* Japan
* Czech Republic

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***Mount & Blade II: Bannerlord*** is an upcoming medieval action role-playing game made by TaleWorlds Entertainment. The game was announced in 2012. It is a sequel to Mount & Blade: Warband.

Plot
----

### Setting

The game is set 200 years before *Mount & Blade: Warband.* It takes place during the decline of the Calradian Empire and the making of the kingdoms in *Mount & Blade: Warband.* The look of the armour, Weapons and buildings will draw from 600 to 1100 A.D.

### Factions

Bannerlord will have six main factions, each with they own clans who have different goals, as well as smaller factions.

Development
-----------

In September 2012, Taleworlds announced the game was in the making and released the trailer.

The game's graphics have been heavily upgraded, the animations have also been upgraded. There are also some new Gameplay features like better inventory system and better artificial intelligence. The current game and features were shown during 2015 Gamescom. In March 2016 40 minutes of gameplay was shown to PC gamer.

Other websites
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* Official website
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| 2010 Mercedes GP Formula One car |
| 1993 Lola Indy Car |
| 1994 Penske Indy Car |
| Sprint cars |

**Open-wheel car** describes cars with the wheels outside the car's main body and, in most cases, one seat. Other names include **formula car**, **single-seater car** in British English, or **Indy car** in the United States. Open-wheel cars are different from street cars, sports cars, stock cars, and touring cars. These car have their wheels below or inside the body or fenders. Open-wheel cars are usually built just for racing. Often, they have a higher amount of technological sophistication than in other forms of motor racing.

Design
------

A typical open-wheeler has a small cockpit. It is only large enough for the driver's body. The head is exposed to the air. In modern cars the engine is often located directly behind the driver, and drives the rear wheels. Depending on the rules of the class, many types of open-wheelers have spoilers or wings. They are very low and have an almost flat bottom. These help add aerodynamic downforce. This pushes the car on to the road and makes it handle better.

Some races, such as the Monaco Grand Prix are held on temporary street circuits. Most open-wheel races are on dedicated road courses, such as the Nürburgring in Germany. In the United States some top-level open wheel events are held on ovals, both short track and superspeedways. The most famous the annual Indianapolis 500 (Indy 500)

Driving
-------

Driving an open-wheel car is very different from driving a car with fenders. Open-wheel vehicles, are light weight, have good aerodynamics, and powerful engines. Wheel-to-wheel contact is dangerous. If the forward edge of one tire contacts the rear of another tire, the vehicle my be flipped into the air and upside down.
Lofoten and Vesterålen
Gimsøystraumen
**Lofoten** is an archipelago and a traditional district in the county of Nordland, Norway. Though lying within the Arctic Circle, Lofoten has one of the world's largest higher temperature anomalies relative to its high latitude.

Lofoten is well known for its natural beauty within Norway. Lofoten includes the municipalities of *Vågan, Vestvågøy, Flakstad, Moskenes, Værøy and Røst*. The main islands, running from north to south, are

* Southern tip of Hinnøya.
* Southern 60% (approx.) of Austvågøy (526.7 km² in total 68°20′N 14°40′E﻿ / ﻿68.333°N 14.667°E﻿ / 68.333; 14.667),
* Gimsøy (46.4 km² 68°18′N 14°11′E﻿ / ﻿68.300°N 14.183°E﻿ / 68.300; 14.183),
* Vestvågøy (411.1 km² 68°10′N 13°45′E﻿ / ﻿68.167°N 13.750°E﻿ / 68.167; 13.750),
* Flakstadøya (109.8 km² 68°5′N 13°20′E﻿ / ﻿68.083°N 13.333°E﻿ / 68.083; 13.333),
* Moskenesøya (185.9 km² 67°55′N 13°0′E﻿ / ﻿67.917°N 13.000°E﻿ / 67.917; 13.000),

whilst further to the south are the small and isolated islands of Værøy and Røst. The total land area amounts to 1,227 km², and the population totals 24,500.

Between the mainland and the Lofoten archipelago is the vast, open Vestfjord, and to the north is Vesterålen. The main towns in Lofoten are Leknes in Vestvågøy and Svolvær in Vågan.

The islands have for more than 1,000 years been the centre of great cod fisheries, especially in winter, when the cod migrate south from the Barents Sea and gather in Lofoten to spawn. In the lowland areas, particularly Vestvågøy, agriculture is important and has been so since the Bronze Age.

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Lofoten***.

* Lofotrådet (in Norwegian)
* Turisme- og begivenhetsinformasjon om Lofoten (in Norwegian)
* Miljøstatus i Norge: Lofoten og Barentshavet Archived 2012-12-10 at the Wayback Machine (in Norwegian)
* Lofot-Tidende online (in Norwegian)
A Chilean Wine Palm, in a glasshouse in London. This tree was planted in 1846, and was 16 metres (52 ft) tall in 2004.
**Palm syrup** is made from the sap of a number of edible palms. It is common on the Canary Islands, and on the coasts of South America. It is often called **Miel de palma**, which translates to palm honey.

Uses
----

*Leche asada* (a kind of crème caramel) with miel de palma
Miel de palma is used to accompany many pastries and desserts, such as pancakes and ice cream. The syrup is widely used in Southeast Asian cooking, in particular in West Bengal, where jhola gur, as it is known, is only obtainable in winter. Its sweetness tempers the flavours of spicy curries, adding its rich, molasses-like flavour to the food. It is also widely used as an ingredient in desserts, or drizzled over prepared foods.

Palm sap is a refreshing drink, and fermented palm syrup is distilled to produce various alcohols such as arrack, a spirit similar to rum. On La Gomera it is mixed with 'Parra' (similar to grappa) to produce Gomeron.

Palm syrup is also traditionally used on La Gomera for general medicinal purposes.
*Crocodylus niloticus*
The **Nile crocodile** (*Crocodylus niloticus*) is the largest of the four crocodile species found in Africa. They have a long tail and powerful jaws. Their back feet are webbed for swimming. They can grow up to 20 ft (6.1 m) in length and can weigh up to 1,500 lb (680 kg). The males are usually bigger than the females.

Nile crocodiles are also found in Madagascar, sub-Saharan Africa and the Nile delta. They were previously also found in Jordan and Israel. They live in different habitats including lakes, rivers, estuaries, freshwater marshes, and mangrove swamps.

The Nile crocodile is carnivorous. It eats bigger animals as it grows. Young crocodiles eats insects and small fish, while adult crocodiles may catch and eat zebras, antelopes, wildebeests and buffalo. The Nile crocodile will attack anything, even other crocodiles. 

The crocodiles mate in the water, and then the female lays her eggs in a hole dug in the ground. They can lay 60 eggs which take about 90 days to hatch. The female guards the eggs, or is nearby, until they hatch. Young crocodiles are able to reproduce when they get to about 12 years old.

The muscles responsible for opening the mouth are exceptionally weak in comparison to the strength of the muscles for closing.
**Maithili cinema**  refers to the cinema of Mithila region of India and Nepal.

It is developing. There is a lot of talent in this cinema industry, but everyone will have to push for its development properly. Some films have been made very well

History
-------

The first Maithili movie was Kanyadan (released in 1965 & Directed by Phani Majumdar), of which a significant portion was made in the Maithili language.The film’s story in which the protagonist doesnot know Maithili language but decided to learn maithili as his wifeknows only Maithili language.Another maithili movie "Mamta Gaave Geet" was released in 70’s and became very popular due to the melodious songs and good storyline.But after that no serious effort was done to make a maithil melodrama.But then 3 films were made and got success on the box office like sasta jingi mahag senur, aau piya hamar nagri, senurak laaj etc.

Change of environment
---------------------

After many years in 1999 a new maithili film "Sasta Jindagi Mehga Sindur" appeared in the scene.This film by director Balkrishna Jha broke all success records and was widely a big hit.This maithili film’s songs were played in many village fairs and other maithil gatherings.

Famous playback singer "Udit Narayan" also produced a Maithili film named "Eejot" (ray of light) but , despite the good songs the film fall flat on the box office due to a bad script. In 2007 November another maithili film "Sindurdan" was released the film was quickly widrawn from theatres due to some sound problem.The producer’s have re-released the film now with a correction and new songs added.

Popular Maithili movies
-----------------------

* Kanyadan (1960)
* Mamta Gabe Geet (1970)
* Sasta Jinagi Mahag Sinoor(1999)
* Garibak Beti (2004)
* Senurak Laaj (2005)
* Dularua Babu (2006)
* Kakhan Harab Dukh Mor(2006)

(based on Vidyapati's life)

* Suhagin (2008)
* Sindurdaan
* Nayak karz
* Mukhiya Jee
* Khurluchchi
* Deewana Ahan ke Pyar Me
* Half Murder(2014) Inspired by Prashant-Preeti love story .
* Hero Tohar Deewana
* Sau Din Saus k Ek din Putauh K
* Sautinak Beti
* Bhauji Maay
* Lalka Paag A beautiful movie based on the literature of famous Maithili and Hindi author Raj Kamal Choudhary.
* Mithila Makhaan movie directed by Nitin Chandra and Produced by Nitu Chandra.The movie received National award in regional category .
* Premak Basat
* Love you Dulhin(2019) starring Piyush Karn and Raina Banerjee in lead Roles ..
* Hum Laxmi Aahan Anganak (upcoming)
* Gamak Ghar (2020) The movie directed and produced by Achal Mishra got appreciation throughout the world and gained many prizes .
* Gobbarchhatta
* Babitiya
* Suspect ; a short movie directed by Nitin Chandra .
* Raqt Tilak
* Buchhi Kaniya
* Kavi Kalpna directed by Vikas Jha
* Rajja Rani ; a Nepali language movie dubbed in Maithili.
* Bloody Night directed by Rohit Yadav
* Bhoot short film directed by Rohit Yadav
* Dimag Kharab (Psychopath) part 1&2 short films directed by Rohit Yadav
* Bhootiya Gachhi (The Haunted Tree) short film directed by Rohit Yadav

Other websites
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* About the Maithili cinema Archived 2018-02-09 at the Wayback Machine
The **Melbourne Cup** is Australia's major horse race. It happens once a year. People say it is *The race that stops a nation*, it is for horses three-years-old and over, and it is 3200 metres long. The event has been held on the first Tuesday in November since 1861 (except on one year during the Second World War) by the Victoria Racing Club, on the Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne. Many people say it is the most important "two-mile" horse race in the world.

The race was first held over two miles, about 3,218 metres, but after Australia changed to the metric system in 1972 it was changed to 3,200 metres. This made it 61 ft 6in shorter, and Rain Lover's 1968 race record of 3min.19.1sec was changed to 3min.17.9sec. Now, the record holder is the 1990 winner Kingston Rule with a time of 3min 16.3sec.

The race starts at 3.00pm Melbourne (AEST) time.

Attendance
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The event is one of the most popular events to watch in Australia. Over 110,000 people attend the race. Some people dress in traditional formal raceday clothing. Other people dress in different kinds of strange and amusing costumes,
In 2005 a total of 383,784 race fans went to the Melbourne Cup Carnival annual event

History
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An engraving of the finish line at the Cup in 1881.
Seventeen horses raced in the first Melbourne Cup in 1861. The prize was a gold watch and 170 pounds cash. Some people say Archer (the winner) walked 800 km to the course from Nowra, New South Wales. However, it is possible he travelled by ship. Four thousand people watched the race.

Archer won again the next year. However, because the owner's application form arrived late the next year, Archer was unable to try for a third cup. Many owners boycotted (did not race in protest) the race, so it started with only seven horses. That is the smallest number in the history of the cup.

The winner of the Melbourne Cup last year was Rekindling, from Great Britain.

Off the track
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'Fashions On The Field' is a major focus of the day. Raceday fashion sometimes draws almost as much attention as the race itself. The miniskirt received worldwide attention when model Jean Shrimpton wore one on Derby Day during Melbourne Cup week in 1965.

In Melbourne, the race day is a public holiday. In the rest of Australia most people watch the race on television and gamble. Some people bet at the TAB (the Australian betting office). Other people bet in workplace cup "sweeps". (In "sweeps" each person pays a small amount [e.g. $3] and draws a random horse. First, second, and third place then share the money.) In 2000 it was estimated that 80 percent of the adult Australian population placed a bet on the race that year.

Betting on the Melbourne Cup has become more and more popular over the years, with one time a year punters having a crack at picking the winning horse.
The aim of syndicalism was to organize strikes to abolish capitalism; not to supplant it with state socialism, but rather to build a society of working class producers. National syndicalism is a system that workers and employers elect representatives to form syndicates/corporations which manage worker and employer relationships rather than strikes. It's also used by the state to ask industries to help specific projects. 

The Spanish Syndical Organization (OSE) was the only legal trade union in Francoist Spain. It was under government control. It was inspired by the ideas of José Antonio Primo de Rivera, who thought that class struggle would be ended by grouping together workers and owners according to corporative principles. At the very beginning of the Franco's regime, wages were directly fixed by the state and only later could workers and employers agree upon their wages through the OSE. Strikes were forbidden. Firing a worker was very expensive and hard. Previous unions, like the anarchist CNT and the socialist UGT, were outlawed and driven underground. Joining the OSE was required for all employed citizens. Other trade unions were forbidden and strongly repressed.
**Melbourne International Games Week** is a platform in Asia Pacific. Creative Victoria is the host of Melbourne International Games Week. It helps game professional and consumers to communicate with each other. There are different events for three areas of interest: business, consumer and industry.

MIGW 2015 had over 60,000 participants in game developer conferences and shows across the city, for example Game Connect Asia Pacific, Unite Melbourne, PAX Australia, Freeplay Independent Games Festival's Parallels showcase, the Women in Games Lunch, Australian Game Developers’ Awards, ACMI Family Day, VR and Serious Games Festival and the Education in Games Summit.

2016's MIGW events were in the Australian Centre for the Moving Image and the Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre. More than 65,000 people came to these events in 2017.

The 2018 MIGW programme also includes a number of new events, for example the first Melbourne Queer Games Festival focusing on games with LGBT content, an e-sports conference, and the new High Score Conference.
Video games have been a part of Microsoft Windows operating systems, starting with Windows 1.0x. Microsoft, the company behind Windows, has included games in various versions of Windows, like the Microsoft Entertainment Pack and Microsoft Plus! Some of these games have also been included in later versions of Windows. One popular game, Microsoft Solitaire, has been included in every version of Windows except for Windows 8 and 8.1. The newest version of Windows, Windows 11, comes with Microsoft Solitaire Collection and Surf.

History
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When Microsoft was developing Windows 1.0 in the early 1980s, they planned to include games. Initially, they developed two games called Puzzle and Chess, but later decided to include Reversi instead, based on the popular board game. Reversi was included in Windows versions up to Windows 3.1. In 1988, an intern named Wes Cherry developed Solitaire, with the card deck design by Susan Kare, who was known for her work on the original Macintosh.

The purpose of including Solitaire was to help users feel more comfortable with the operating system, especially since graphical user interfaces were still new to many people. It helped familiarize users with using a mouse, such as the drag-and-drop technique for moving cards. Solitaire and another game called FreeCell were among the most popular Windows programs, even surpassing productivity applications like Microsoft Word and Excel, according to Microsoft telemetry. However, there were concerns about employees spending too much time playing Solitaire and its impact on productivity.

The Microsoft Hearts Network was introduced in Windows for Workgroups 3.1, showcasing NetDDE technology that allowed multiple players to play simultaneously over a computer network. It was later renamed Internet Hearts and included in Windows Me and XP, along with other online multiplayer games. "3D Pinball for Windows – Space Cadet" was a version of the pinball table from the video game "Full Tilt! Pinball" released in 1995.

In Windows Vista and 7, Minesweeper had an alternate "Flower Garden" style in addition to the default "Minesweeper" style. This change was made due to controversy surrounding the original land mine theme being potentially insensitive. The "Flower Garden" style was used as the default in "sensitive areas."

Support for Internet games in Windows Me, XP, and 7 ended on specific dates, with Windows 7 ending on January 22, 2020. Windows 10 introduced several third-party games like Candy Crush Saga and Disney Magic Kingdoms, which were included as advertisements on the Start menu and could be automatically installed by the operating system. Windows 11 includes the Xbox app, allowing users to access the PC Game Pass video game subscription service. The Microsoft Edge browser bundled with Windows 10 and 11 also includes the Surf game starting from 2020 onwards.
The **Missouri Valley Football Conference** (MVFC) is a group of 11 colleges and universities in the Midwestern United States who play football against one another. Each school plays the others every season, and the conference champion earns a place in the NCAA Division I Football Championship, the postseason tournament of the second-level Football Championship Subdivision (FCS).

The MVFC has a confusing history that is closely tied to that of two other existing conferences: the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) and the Association of Mid-Continent Universities (AMCU), now known as The Summit League. In the 1984 season, the last in which both of these conferences played football, all of the AMCU football schools were members of NCAA Division I-AA, now known as FCS. The MVC had schools that played in both DIvision I-A (today's Football Bowl Subdivision) and Division I-AA. The AMCU dropped football after the 1984 season, and the MVC announced it would do the same after the 1985 season. Beginning with the 1985 season, all of the remaining AMCU football teams, plus the MVC's I-AA teams, joined the Gateway Collegiate Athletic Conference (Gateway), which had sponsored only women's sports. Most of the schools in the Gateway were also MVC members. The MVC's I-AA football teams had membership in the MVC and Gateway in the 1985 season.

In 1992, the women's portion of the Gateway merged into the MVC. At that time, the Gateway became a football-only conference, changing its name to Gateway Football Conference. In 2008, the Gateway (which now had five MVC members) changed its name to the current Missouri Valley Football Conference. The MVFC and MVC are still legally separate, but operate out of the same offices in St. Louis.

Current members
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* Illinois State University
* Indiana State University
* Missouri State University
* University of North Dakota
* North Dakota State University
* University of Northern Iowa
* University of South Dakota
* South Dakota State University
* Southern Illinois University Carbondale (usually called "Southern Illinois")
* Western Illinois University
* Youngstown State University

Former members
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Two schools that were in the MVFC during the Gateway era have moved to other conferences.

* Eastern Illinois University – member from 1985–1995; left for the Ohio Valley Conference.
* Western Kentucky University – member from 2001–2006; upgraded its football program to the top-level Division I FBS. It was already a non-football member of the Sun Belt Conference, and later played football in the Sun Belt as well. WKU has since moved to Conference USA.
The **Radiata** is a superphylum which includes both the echinoderms and the ctenophores. It is not part of the usual classification system, and is not used by all biologists.

The group includes the radially symmetric animals of the Eumetazoa. The echinoderms, however, are members of the Bilateria, because they exhibit bilateral symmetry in their developing stages. Their radial symmetry is secondary.

Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 1983 defined a subkingdom called Radiata consisting of the phyla Porifera, Myxozoa, Placozoa, Cnidaria and Ctenophora in Radiata, that is, all the animals that are not in Bilateria. 

The *Five Kingdom* classification of Lynn Margulis and K.V. Schwartz keeps only Cnidaria and Ctenophora in Radiata. 

Cladistic classifications do not recognize Radiata as a clade. The radiata, in this sense, are diploblastic, meaning they have two primary germ layers: endoderm and ectoderm. Cavalier-Smith's use of the term Radiata includes animals with a single germ layer such as sponges.

Although radial symmetry is usually given as a defining characteristic of radiates, a few members of the class Anthozoa, which are now considered as the most basal and oldest group of cnidarians, are actually bilaterally symmetric. 

Newer research strongly indicates that bilateral symmetry evolved before the split between Cnidaria and Bilateria: the radially symmetrical cnidarians have evolved radial symmetry secondarily. This means the bilaterism in species like *N. vectensis* has a primary origin. Also the free-swimming planula larvae of cnidarians exhibit bilateral symmetry. Ctenophores show biradial symmetry.

Other websites
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* Taxon: Subkingdom Radiata Archived 2009-04-29 at the Wayback Machine
* Origins of Bilateral Symmetry: Hox and Dpp Expression in a Sea Anemone - retrieved February 2, 2006
Bangladesh
**Mukto-Mona** (Bengali: মুক্তমনা ) is the first online platform for Bengali speaking freethinkers, atheists, and secular bloggers and writers, started by Avijit Roy. The meaning of Mukto-Mona is "free mind". The website supports free expression and criticizes religious fundamentalism, especially Islamic religious fundamentalism. 

The Council for Secular Humanism called Mukto-Mona "the largest and the fastest-growing collection of contemporary freethinkers in Bangladesh and within South Asia". The group worked with international NGOs like the Center for Inquiry and the International Humanist and Ethical Union. 

The website was moderated by Avijit Roy. Roy was killed on February 26, 2015. Ananta Bijoy Das also wrote for the blog. Das was killed on May 12, 2015. The group al-Qaida in the Indian Subcontinent said they were responsible for Roy's death.  Ananta Bijoy Das was on a list of targets by the same group of Islamists who were behind the murder of Avijit Roy.

History
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In May 2001, Avijit Roy started a Yahoo group called Mukto-Mona, meaning "free mind". In 2002 Mukto-Mona moved to a blog. Mukto-Mona was the first Bengali group to celebrate Darwin Day and International Women's Day on the internet. The group worked for freedom for religious minorities and secular writers. They worked with international secularist groups to protest killings and arrests. They also discussed religious questions and LGBT issues, that were taboo subjects in Bangladesh. In 2005 the website was banned in the United Arab Emirates.

Awards
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In 2015, Mukta-Mona received "The Bobs – Best of Online Activism" award from German public broadcaster Deutsche Welle. Blogger Rafida Bonya Ahmed, the wife of murdered blogger Avijit Roy, received the award.

Other websites
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* Mukto-Mona
This article is about the video game. For the racing term, see Pole position.
***Pole Position*** is an arcade racing video game released by Namco in 1982 and designed by Toru Iwatani. In this game, the player controls a Formula One race car. The player completes a time trial lap to be able to compete in an F1 race at the Fuji Racetrack. After completing the time trial race, the player races against other cars in a championship race. The player has to complete the race in the time allowed. They have to avoid crashing into the other cars and objects along the side of the track.

The game was the highest selling arcade game of 1983 in North America. It sold over 21,000 machines for $61 million. It has been released for many video game consoles as part of Namco game collections, including the PlayStation, Nintendo 64, Nintendo GameCube, and Xbox.

In 1983, a sequel called *Pole Position II* was released. It features three new tracks in addition to the one from the first game.

Other websites
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* *Pole Position* at the Killer List of Videogames
* *Pole Position* at the Arcade History database
***Living with Michael Jackson*** is a two-hour-long television movie about the pop star Michael Jackson. In it a British journalist called Martin Bashir asked Jackson questions. The movie was made between May 2002 and January 2003. It was shown first in the United Kingdom on 3 February 2003 on ITV. More than 15 million people watched it. It was shown in the United States on 6 February 2003 on ABC. 38 million people watched it.

*Living with Michael Jackson* starts at Jackson's Neverland Ranch. They go to the Giving Tree. This is a tree where Jackson got inspiration for his songs.
There was a confidentiality agreement. This meant that Jackson did not talk about the 1993 child molestation allegations against him in the movie.
In the programme Jackson told Bashir that he had "slept in a bed with many children". He said that this was a "beautiful thing" and was not sexual. He held hands with a 12-year-old boy. Martin Bashir said that Neverland Ranch was a "dangerous place for children". After the programme was shown Thomas W. Sneddon started a criminal investigation about Jackson. Gavin Arvizo, the boy who Jackson held hands with in the movie, said that Jackson hebephilically molested him when he was 13 years old, after the documentary was on television. In 2005 the People v. Jackson trial began. After four months Jackson was found not guilty of all 10 charges.

On 23 February 2003 *The Michael Jackson Interview: The Footage You Were Never Meant to See* was shown on Fox. In it there were interviews with people who were not in *Living with Michael Jackson*. These included Jackson's ex-wife Debbie Rowe. In the video Bashir also said that he thinks it is wonderful that Jackson allows children to come to Neverland.

Jackson's lawyers wrote to the Independent Television Commission and the Broadcasting Standards Commission saying that he was "unfairly treated".

Other websites
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* YouTube link to the documentary