recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Illustration by Jan Luyken, from Robert Bowyer's edition of the Bible.
The **Parable of the Friend at Night** (**Importunate Neighbour**), is a parable of Jesus written in the New Testament in Luke 11:5-8. A man refuses to help his neighbour during an emergency at midnight. His neighbour persists in asking until he changes his mind.

What Jesus said
---------------

The parable:

> Suppose one of you has a friend, and he goes to him at midnight and says, 'Friend, lend me three loaves of bread, because a friend of mine on a journey has come to me, and I have nothing to set before him.'
> 
> 
> Then the one inside answers, 'Don't bother me. The door is already locked, and my children are with me in bed. I can't get up and give you anything.'
> 
> 
> I tell you, though he will not get up and give him the bread because he is his friend, yet because of the man's boldness he will get up and give him as much as he needs.
> 
> — Luke 11:5-8

Based on the Parable of the Ten Virgins, the unexpected arrival of the neighbour's guest at midnight could mean it is Jesus himself.

What it means
-------------

Jesus told this parable after he taught his disciples how to pray the Lord's Prayer. 

> So I say to you: Ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the door will be opened to you. For everyone who asks receives; he who seeks finds; and to him who knocks, the door will be opened.
> 
> 

 The parable is therefore an incentive to pray. The parable of the Unjust Judge has a similar meaning.

Depictions
----------

The most famous depiction of this parable is *The Importunate Neighbour* (1895) by William Holman Hunt, kept at the National Gallery of Victoria, Australia.

William Holman Hunt's painting of *The Importunate Neighbour* (1895).

Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***The Friend at Night***.
Osztolykán Ágnes in 2012
**Ágnes Osztolykán** (born 3 November 1974) is a Hungarian of Roma Background, politician an activist for the Roma people. She was in the National Assembly of Hungary from 2010 to 2014. In 2011, she received International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

Work
----

Osztolykán studied at the University of Miskolc. She graduated in 1998 with a degree in political science. Then she worked for the Soros Foundation. She was head of the Decade of Roma Inclusion Program at the Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor for six years. 

She went to Parliament in 2010. She was a member of the parliamentary group of Lehet Más a Politika (LMP), or Politics Can Be Different Party. On 26 November 2012, she became deputy leader of the LMP parliamentary group.

Osztolykán is an activist for Romani children's education, Roma and minority rights, and the Roma in Hungary. She works for vocational training which helps students get jobs. She also works as a volunteer teacher at a Roma vocational school in Budapest’s poorer Eighth District.

Awards
------

* International Women of Courage Award

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Ágnes Osztolykán***.

* 2011 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr
* Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Wild Marsh West seen across the River Lea
The **Tottenham Marshes** are in Tottenham in the London Borough of Haringey. The marshes cover over 100 acres (0.40 km2) and became part of the Lee Valley Park  in 1972. The marsh has three main areas: Clendish Marsh, Wild Marsh West and Wild Marsh East. The River Lea flows between Wild Marsh West and East.

Description
-----------

The marshes are one of the last examples of semi-natural wetland in Greater London. They contain many plants such as neutral grassland types, sedge marsh, reed swamp, sallow scrub and areas of tall herb vegetation. Plants and animals that are rare in other parts of London live here.

Ecology
-------

**Plants**

Many species of plants are in the marsh including:

* Wall bedstraw (*Galium parisiense*)
* Yellow vetchling (*Lathyrus aphaca*)
* Bee orchid (*Ophrys apifera*)
* Babington's poppy (*Papaver dubilum*)
* Wurzell's wormwood (*Artemisia vulgaris* × *verlotiorum*)

**Butterflies**

* Brown argus (*Aricia agestis*)

**Birds**

* Skylark (*Alauda arvensis*)
* Short-eared owl (*Asio flammeus*)

Coordinates: 51°35′45″N 0°03′14″W﻿ / ﻿51.595931°N 0.053832°W﻿ / 51.595931; -0.053832

Other websites
--------------

* Friends of Tottenham Marshes
* Tottenham Marshes information Archived 2012-01-04 at the Wayback Machine


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Tottenham Marshes***.
***Wings*** is a silent movie released in 1927. It is most famous as the first movie to win the Academy Award for Best Picture.

Plot
----

Clara Bow as Mary Preston
Jack Powell (Charles "Buddy" Rogers) and David Armstrong (Richard Arlen) are rivals in the same small American town, both vying for the attentions of pretty Sylvia Lewis (Jobyna Ralston). Jack fails to realize that "the girl next door", Mary Preston (Clara Bow), is desperately in love with him. The two young men both enlist to become combat pilots in the Air Service. When they leave for training camp, Jack mistakenly believes Sylvia prefers him; she actually prefers David and lets him know about her feelings, but is too kindhearted to turn down Jack's affection.

Jack and David are billeted together. Their tent mate is Cadet White (Gary Cooper), but their acquaintance is all too brief; White is killed in an air crash the same day. Undaunted, the two men endure a rigorous training period, where they go from being enemies to best friends. Upon graduating, they are shipped off to France to fight the Germans.

Mary joins the war effort by becoming an ambulance driver. She later learns of Jack's reputation as an ace and encounters him while on leave in Paris. She finds him, but he is too drunk to recognize her. She puts him to bed, but when two Military Police barge in while she is innocently changing from a borrowed dress back into her uniform in the same room, she is forced to resign and return to America.

The climax of the story comes with the epic Battle of Saint-Mihiel. David is shot down and presumed dead. However, he survives the crash landing, steals a German biplane, and heads for the Allied lines. By a tragic stroke of bad luck, he is spotted and shot down by Jack, who is bent on avenging his friend. When Jack lands to pick up a souvenir, he becomes distraught when he learns what he has done, but before David dies, he forgives his comrade.

With the end of the war, Jack returns home to a hero's welcome. When he returns David's effects to his grieving parents, David's mother blames the war, not Jack, for her son's death. Then, Jack is reunited with Mary and realizes he loves her.

Other websites
--------------

* *Wings* on IMDb
**Tony Hilton Royle Skyrme** (/skɜːrm/; 5 December 1922, Lewisham – 25 June 1987) was a British scientist who worked on the atom.

Birth
-----

He was born in Lewisham , a suburb of London. His father was a bank clerk. He first went to a school in Lewisham, but was so good at maths that he was given a scholarship (free place) to Eton college.

Education
---------

There he was also good at math and won prizes in the subject. He got a place at Cambridge University and again was better than his fellow students leaving with the best degree, a first class degree.

Works
-----

When he left Cambridge in 1943 World War Two was at its height and he was told by the government to work on atomic energy under another scientist Rudolf Peierls to help win the war.

When America began to secretly build the atomic bomb these two men and a few other Britons went to America to help them achieve their goal. Tony Skyrme did important work towards the two atomic bombs that ended the war.

He then worked back in Britain on studying atoms. He used a way of understanding how atoms work by inventing an atom sized thing called a skyrmion. It is still used today to understand atoms.
**Áed or "Ethus"**, was a king of the Picts from 877 until 878. He was the son of Kenneth MacAlpin, king of Scots and was born around the year 840 somewhere in Scotland. He only reigned for under a year and passed the throne to Giric, possibly grandson or grand nephew to Kenneth I.

Birth
-----

Like many early Scot monarchs his birth date cannot be confirmed, but most likely was sometime in the year c. 840, in Scotland. He may have been born in Ireland like some other of Kenneth's brothers and sons.

Reign
-----

His reign began when he was around 36-37 years old in 877. He was murdered by Giric, a relative who took the throne after the murder/assassination of Áed in 878.

Death
-----

In 878, probably less than 1 year into his reign, Áed was murdered by Giric (possibly his nephew or cusion). He was buried in Iona, only 37/38 years old.

Family
------

Áed was the son of Kenneth I, born when he was 30 years old. He is the son of an unknown mother and brother to kings Constantine I and princess NN Ingen Cináeda.
**Tyranni** is a suborder of passerine birds. They are also known as the **suboscines**. There are about 1,000 species in this suborder. Most of them live in South America.

These birds are different to the passeri (songbirds) because they have a different syrinx. This is part of the bird's voice box which makes bird song. Scientists have also done studies on DNA and fossils to show that the tyranni suborder is different to the passeri suborder.

Taxonomy
--------

The tyranni suborder can be split into three infraorders: Acanthisittides, Eurylaimides, and Tyrannide.

The first group, the Acanthisittidae, are also known as the New Zealand "wrens". At the moment, scientists are unsure whether they should belong to the tyranni or not. Some scientists think they are too different and they should be in their own suborder.

The Eurylaimides contains two superfamilies: the Eurylaimoidea and the Pittoidea. The Euryaimoidea contains three families. They are also known as the Old World suboscines. Most of them live in tropical places around the Indian Ocean. One species, the Broad-billed Sapayoa, lives in the Americas. The three families are:

Rainbow Pitta (*Pitta iris*), a dark bird with bright color patches. Most Pittidae have similar colors.
* Superfamily: Eurylaimoidea
	+ Eurylaimidae: broadbills
	+ Philepittidae: asities
	+ Sapayoidae: Broad-billed Sapayoa
* Superfamily: Pittoidea
	+ Pittidae: pittas

The Tyrannides contain all sub-oscine birds from the Americas, except the Broad-billed Sapayoa:

* Furnariidae: ovenbirds and woodcreepers
* Thamnophilidae: antbirds
* Formicariidae: antpittas and antthrushes
* Rhinocryptidae: tapaculos
* Conopophagidae: gnateaters and gnatpittas
* Tyrannidae: tyrant-flycatchers
* Tityridae: tityras and allies
* Cotingidae: cotingas
* Pipridae: manakins

  

### Footnotes

1. ↑  DNA and Passerine Classification
The **Satanic Leaf Tailed Gecko** (*Uroplatus phantasticus*), is a species of gecko. It is only native to the island of Madagascar. It was first described in 1888 by George Albert Boulenger.

They look a lot like a dead leaf. Its veins are showing and look just like the veins on a leaf. Its tail looks like it has been rotted or nibbled by insects. They are mostly mottled brown. They have small brown dots on their underside, which helps people tell them apart from other species. It may also be known as the **eyelash leaf tailed gecko** or the **fantastic leaf tailed gecko**.

Area
----

Satanic leaf-tailed geckos are native to the central and northern tropical forests of Madagascar. They climb on the trees and bushes. Satanic leaf-tailed geckos are found only in the mountainous rainforests in the southern two-thirds of Madagascar. They are found at the base of trees distinguishing itself as leaf litter.

Size and weight
---------------

They weigh about 10 to 30 grams. Adults are normally about 3-6 centimeters long including their tail, but sometimes they can be up to 9 centimeters long.

Diet
----

The geckos eat different kinds of insects, flies, worms, and spiders. They can eat large insects because of their big mouth.
**Om Prakesh Puri** OBE (18 October 1950 – 6 January 2017) was an Indian actor. He has appeared in mainstream commercial Pakistani, Indian, British, and Hollywood movies. He was also in independent and art movies. 

Puri was known for his roles in *Gandhi* (1982), *Ardh Satya* (1983), *City of Joy* (1992), *Wolf* (1994), *East Is East* (1999) and in *The Hundred-Foot Journey* (2014). His career began in 1972. He also narrated the widely known Indian nature documentary *Bharat Ek Khoj* (1988).

He has been awarded Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award of India. He won two National Film Awards in 1981 and in 1983. He was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role in 1999 for his role as George Khan in *East Is East*. 

Puri was born in Ambala, Haryana, India. He studied at the Film and Television Institute of India and in the National School of Drama. He was married to Nandita Puri from 1993 until they divorced in 2013. 

Puri died in his sleep of a heart attack at his home in Andheri, Mumbai, India on 6 January 2017, aged 66.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Om Puri at Wikimedia Commons

* Om Puri on IMDb
**Mary Tape** (1857-1934) was a desegregation activist. Tape fought for equal education. She wanted Chinese American students to study at schools with white students.

Early life
----------

Mary Tape was born in China. In 1868, Tape came to San Francisco. She was an orphan. The Ladies’ Protection and Relief Society helped her. She named herself "Mary McGladery." The Society taught her the English language and how to live in the United States. She married Joseph Tape. They had four children. Tape taught her children to act like white Americans.

Activism
--------

Tape and her family lived in the city of San Francisco, California, USA. She wanted her oldest child to study at the public school. The school said only white children could be students. It would not accept Chinese American students. Tape took the school to court. She fought for equal education. The Tape family lost in court. The children went to special Chinese American schools. Later, the family moved to Berkeley, California where they had more rights.

Legacy
------

Tape was also known for having a middle-class family that acted more stereotypically American than other Chinese-American families at the time. She changed the way that many people thought of Chinese-American families at the time, and opened a gateway for people of her race to be more accepted in their society. She also earned awards for her photography and was a skilful telegrapher. Mary Tape died of old age in 1934, five months before her husband.
"Up" redirects here. For the movie, see Up (2009 movie).
"Down" redirects here. For the American heavy metal band, see Down (band).

**These are positions:**|  | up |  |
| left | middle | right |
|  | down |  |

**Position** is a way to explain where something is.

Location
--------

The words which indicate position are called prepositions.

### Left, middle, and right

Left Hand Identification
To find which is your **left** hand side, hold your hands palms down, point your index fingers and stick your thumbs out at right angles. The finger and thumb of your *left* hand will form a capital letter L. 

If the letter L you make is reversed, you found your **right** hand. **Left** and **right** are called opposite sides.

**Middle** is between *up* and *down* and is between *left* and *right*.
Middle means the same as *center*.

### Far and near

| The box is *far*. | The box is *near*. |
| --- | --- |
| far | near |

**Far** means that something is a long way away from you. **Near** means it is *close* to you. Things can also be near and far other persons and other things.

In sports
---------

In many sports, the term "position" is used to show what occupation a person has on their team. For example, in baseball, positions include catcher, shortstop and pitcher.

Human position
--------------

In various activities such as dance and yoga, the static arrangement of the body and its parts is called a position, for example in an arabesque (ballet).

In math and physics
-------------------

The position of a balloon at a certain time
The position of something is where that thing is in space and time. Usually people use Cartesian coordinates to write down a position. So a scientist might say that the balloon was at *x*, *y*, *z* when it popped at a certain time.

In society
----------

The position of a person is his status or responsibility in a community or group of people. It is called rank in the army.
In a factory the manager is a typical position.
The main church spires of Omagh
**Omagh** (/ˈoʊmə/ or /ˈoʊmɑː/; Irish pronunciation: [ˈomæ][*source?*] – from Irish: *an Ómaigh*, meaning "the virgin plain" [ənˠ ˈoːmˠəi]) is the county town of County Tyrone in Northern Ireland, situated where the rivers Drumragh and Camowen meet to form the Strule. The town, which is the largest in the county, had a population of 19,910 at the 2001 Census. Omagh also contains the headquarters of Omagh District Council and the Western Education and Library Board. The town is twinned with East Kilbride (Scotland) and L'Haÿ-les-Roses (France).

History
-------

In 1768, Omagh replaced Dungannon as the county town of County Tyrone. Omagh acquired railway links to Derry in 1852, Enniskillen in 1853 and Belfast in 1861. The St Lucia Barracks were built in 1881 and closed in 2007. The Ulster Transport Authority closed the Omagh-Enniskillen railway line in 1957 and the Portadown-Derry main line in 1965, leaving the town with no rail service. In 1998, 29 people were killed in a Real Irish Republican Army bombing.
Portrait of Mary Sidney
**Mary Sidney** (1561-1621) was an English poet. She was the sister of more famous poet Philip Sidney.

Biography
---------

Mary Sidney was the daughter of Henry Sidney and Mary Dudley. She was born on 27 October 1561 at Tickenhall near Bewdley in Worcestershire. She was well educated, which was unusual for a girl at the time. She knew French, Italian, Latin and Greek. When she was fifteen, she married Henry Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. Thus she became Countess of Pembroke. She had four children, Katherine, Anne, William and Philip. She died of smallpox in London on 25 September 1621. She is buried in the cathedral in Salisbury.

Works
-----

Mary Sidney was a poet and translator. She translated 107 Psalms, using 128 different verse forms. She wrote also the poem for her brother, named *To the Angel Spirit of the Most Excellent Sir Philip Sidney*. She is said to have been the most important woman poet in 16th century England save the queen.

Further reading
---------------

* Margaret P. Hannay, *Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke (1561-1621)*.
The **Wigmore Hall** is a famous concert hall in London. It is called a "recital hall" because it is designed for recitals: concerts given by one soloist, or sometimes a small group of musicians (chamber music). It is in Wigmore Street in the centre of London, just north of Oxford Street.

The Wigmore Hall was built in 1901 by the German firm Bechstein who made pianos. Originally it was called **Bechstein Hall**. Bechstein’s showrooms were next door. The hall was built in a Renaissance style, with alabaster and marble walls and a rectangular hall with a small, raised stage. Above the stage the ceiling is in the form of a cupola which has a painting which shows the Soul of Music looking up at the Genius of Harmony: a ball of eternal fire whose rays are reflected across the world. These are separated by thorns from the rest of the picture which includes a musician and, on the other side, Psyche inspiring a composer to write music.

The "Bechstein Hall" opened on 31 May 1901 with a concert given by the virtuoso pianist and composer Ferruccio Busoni and violinist Eugène Ysaÿe. During its early period many famous musicians played there, including Artur Schnabel, Pablo Sarasate, Percy Grainger, Myra Hess, Arthur Rubinstein and Camille Saint-Saëns.

Because it was owned by a German firm, the hall was seized as *enemy property* during World War I. The hall with over 130 pianos was sold at an auction to Debenhams for a very small amount of money, and was re-opened as **Wigmore Hall** in 1917. Musicians who have performed there since include Sviatoslav Richter, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, Victoria de los Ángeles, Sergei Prokofiev, Shura Cherkassky, Paul Hindemith, Andrés Segovia, Julian Bream, Peter Pears, Benjamin Britten and Francis Poulenc.

Today the Wigmore Hall seats 540 people. Many concerts are broadcast on BBC Radio 3. Famous musicians perform there, as well as young musicians who are just starting their career.

The Wigmore Hall publishes on its own record label "Wigmore Hall live" recordings of concerts that were given by famous musicians. The pianos in the Wigmore Hall today are made by Steinway.

The Wigmore Hall's director is John Gilhooly. His future plans include having lots of music by living composers

Other websites
--------------

* Official Wigmore Hall Web Site
*Foetidia mauritiana*

The **Mascarene Islands**, (French: *Mascareignes*) or **Mascarenes**, is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar.

They include Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues. Their name comes from the  Portuguese navigator Pedro Mascarenhas, who first visited them in April 1512. 

The islands were formed by the volcanism of the Réunion hotspot beneath the Mascarene Plateau. They are a distinct ecoregion with a unique flora and fauna.

Extinct animals include the dodo (a flightless pigeon), and the Rodgrigues solitaire. The islands also had giant tortoises, and still has some endemic birds and reptiles.

Before the ships found the islands, the islands had no humans. Now they have many people, and the original ecology of the islands is being destroyed.

The Mascarene Islands are a French overseas department. Mauritius styles itself the **Republic of Mauritius**, and is self-governed.

This ecoregion covers the three main islands, Réunion, Mauritius, and Rodrigues, and a number of smaller islets of the Mascarene Islands. The largest islands are the French Dependent Territory of Réunion (2,500 km2), and the island of Mauritius (1,900 km2), which together with Rodrigues (110 km2) forms the single independent nation of Mauritius. The nearest landmass is Madagascar, 680 km northwest of Réunion.
**Wendy Mass** is an American author who writes mainly for young adults and children. She was born on April 22, 1967 in Livingston, New Jersey, United States. She is most known for her young adult novel *A Mango Shaped Space* and *Jeremy Fink and the Meaning of Life*.

Personal life
-------------

Wendy Mass currently lives in Sparta New Jersey with her husband Michael, their twins Chloe and Griffin, and their two cats. Mass has lived in New Jersey as well as Los Angeles.

Education
---------

Wendy Mass as a Bachelor of Arts degree from Tufts University, a Masters degree from California State University, and has a Ph.D from Drew University.

Achievements
------------

Wendy Mass has won the American Library Association (ALA) Schneider Family Book Award for Middle School in 2004 for her book *A Mango Shaped Space*. She also has been nominated for 74 state book awards. Many of her books have been translated into 14 different languages and several were recorded as audio books. One of her young adult novels *Jeremy Fink and the Meaning of Life* was adapted into a movie in 2011.
**Tower Prada** (Italian: *La Fondazione Prada*) is a complex of museum buildings located in Milan, consisting of a permanent contemporary art gallery with works by various artists, including Jeff Koons, Walter De Maria, Pino Pascali, Damien Hirst, Carsten Höller, which frequently hosts many temporary exhibitions.

Description
-----------

The Foundation is characterized by several pavilions, some recently built like the tower, others that occupy the spaces of the ancient distillery "Società Italiana Spiriti" dating back to 1910. It is located in Largo Isarco, at the corner with Via Orobia in Via Lorenzini, south of Milan.

The tower was designed by the Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas, with the collaboration of the studio Office for Metropolitan Architecture, together with architects Chris van Dujn and Federico Pompignoli, and its inauguration took place on April 18, 2018. On 20 June 2018 he received the Compasso d'oro 2018 award.

Economy
-------

### Tourism

Being an exclusive fashion and beauty center of global significance, the area of the Prada Foundation turns out to be a tourist attraction of a certain importance, which every year attracts thousands and thousands of visitors from all over the world. Inside it is possible to admire a multitude of houses in full Milanese style, which demonstrate the exclusivity of life and the place in which they are located, as well as the tenor of the same, certainly above the European average.

The Fondazione Prada area is one of the fastest growing areas of Milan, it is part, together with the districts of the Milan quadrilateral and the Brera district, of the richest and most luxuriant area of Milan so-called Platinum Triangle (literally "Platinum Trianglev") of Milan. The events of the Milan-Cortina 2026 Olympics will be concentrated in this area.

Other websites
--------------
The **tyrant flycatchers** (**Tyrannidae**) are a clade of passerine birds from the Americas. They are the largest family of birds on Earth, with more than 400 species. They are the most diverse family of birds in every country in South and Central America. They also live in North America.

The family is named after the Old World flycatchers. Some members have similar features to the Old World flycatchers, but they are not related to them. They are members of suborder Tyranni. They do not have the song (vocal capabilities) of most other songbirds.

Tyrant flycatchers are opportunistic feeders and often catch any insect they run across. Some, like the large great kiskadee, may eat fruit or small vertebrates such as frogs.

**Kingbirds** are flycatchers of the genus *Tyrannus*. They can be quite aggressive in defence of their interests.

Other websites
--------------

* Media related to Tyrannidae at Wikimedia Commons
* Tyrant Flycatcher videos Archived 2014-07-15 at the Wayback Machine on the Internet Bird Collection
* Ernest Ingersoll (1920). "Flycatcher". *Encyclopedia Americana*.
**Thomas Kendrick** (born 1839, date of death unknown) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War. He was also a recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. He received it for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay.

Biography
---------

Kendrick was born in 1839 in Bath, Maine. He was still living in that city when he joined the Navy. He served during the Civil War as a coxswain on the USS *Bienville*. He volunteered to join the USS *Oneida* for the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5, 1864. It was there he showed "courageous devotion to duty". For this action, he was presented the Medal of Honor four months later, on December 31, 1864.

Kendrick's official Medal of Honor citation reads:

> Served as coxswain on board the U.S.S. *Oneida* in the engagement at Mobile Bay, 5 August 1864. Volunteering for the Mobile Bay action from *Bienville*, Kendrick displayed courageous devotion to duty, and his excellent conduct throughout the battle which resulted in the capture of the rebel ram *Tennessee* and in the damaging of Fort Morgan, attracted the attention of the commanding officer and those serving around him.
> 
>
**Thomas Morley** (born at Norwich?, 1557 or 1558; died at London, October 1602) was an English composer, music theorist and organist. He was the most important English composer of madrigals. He studied the madrigals by Italian composers and created the tradition of the English madrigal, a tradition that became extremely popular, but which only lasted about 30 years.

Life
----

Morley’s father was a brewer who lived in Norwich, so it is likely that Morley was born there. He may have been a choirboy in Norwich Cathedral. We know that in 1583 he got the job of organist there. In a book he published later in his life he said that William Byrd was his master. If this means that he had lessons from Byrd he must have travelled away from Norwich. In 1588 he got a degree from Oxford, and soon afterwards he became an organist at St. Paul's Cathedral in London.

In 1588 Nicholas Yonge published a book called *Musica transalpina*. It was a collection of Italian madrigals with words translated into English. Soon after this Morley started to publish his own madrigals. In 1592 he became a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal.

In London Morley lived near Shakespeare. We do not know whether the two men worked together, but Morley did set Shakespeare’s words "It was a lover and his lass" from *As You Like It*. We do not know whether it was ever used in a performance of Shakespeare's play. It is quite possible, because Morley was well-known.

From 1593 onwards Morley published a great deal of music and also made a lot of money out of music publishing, both of his own and other composers’ music.

It is thought that Morley died in October 1602.

His music
---------

Morley wrote sacred music as well as madrigals. His church music is strongly influenced by William Byrd. 

His madrigals are his most important works. They are often very lively and have tunes that are easy to sing. One of his best known madrigals is called *Now is the Month of Maying*. He started by using the Italian style and changed it to make it sound English. The madrigals of Thomas Weelkes and John Wilbye are usually more serious. 

As well as madrigals, Morley wrote music for instruments, including keyboard music. Some of his pieces are in the famous collection called *Fitzwilliam Virginal Book*). He also wrote music for the typically English combination of two viols, flute, lute, cittern and bandora.

Morley wrote a book about music theory called *Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practicall Musicke*. It was published in 1597 and was read by many people for two centuries after his death. It tells us a lot about how music was performed in Morley’s
Visualization of the 93 billion light year – or 28 billion parsec – three-dimensional observable universe. The scale is such that the fine grains represent collections of large numbers of superclusters. The Virgo Supercluster – home of Milky Way – is marked at the center, but is too small to be seen in the image.
The **shape of the Universe** cannot be discussed with everyday terms, because all the terms need to be those of Einsteinian relativity. The geometry of the universe is therefore not the ordinary Euclidean geometry of our everyday lives.

According to the special theory of relativity, it is impossible to say whether two distinct events occur at the same time if those events are separated in space. To speak of "the shape of the universe (at a point in time)" is naive from the point of view of special relativity. Due to the relativity of simultaneity we cannot speak of different points in space as being "at the same point in time" nor, therefore, of "the shape of the universe at a point in time".

What astrophysicists do is ask whether a particular model of the universe is consistent with what is known through observations and measurements of the universe. If the observable universe is smaller than the entire universe (in some models it is many orders of magnitude smaller or even infinitesimal), observation is limited to a part of the whole. 

Consideration of the shape of the universe can be split into two:  

1. *local* geometry, which relates especially to the curvature of the universe, especially in the observable universe, and
2. *global* geometry, which relates to the topology of the universe as a whole, measurement of which may not be possible.

The observable universe is the basis for testing any model of the universe. It is a spherical volume (a ball) centered on the observer, regardless of the shape of the universe as a whole. Every location in the universe has its own observable universe, which may or may not overlap with the one centered on Earth.

Recent measurements have led NASA to state, "We now know that the universe is flat with only a 0.4% margin of error".  Within one model, the FLRW model, the present most popular shape of the Universe found to fit observational data is the infinite flat model. There are other models that also fit the data.
The shanty town (*favela*) of Rocinha in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
**Shanty towns** are slums on the outskirts of many cities – especially in third world countries. Normally there are not many shanty towns in more economically developed countries. Often of low cost, with houses badly built with plywood, corrugated metal, sheets of plastic, cardboard or any available material. Often irregular structures good enough to keep the rain away or to protect from the summer sun. Pets and animals are often left to roam for food and water.

Lack of clean water, sanitation and toilets often make people, especially children, more exposed to illnesses such as hepatitis and cholera.

Many are built on land without a permit and often have no roads, numbered street, electricity or telephone lines. Some homes in shanty towns have some services but they are unkept and pose health and fire hazards. Sometimes shanty towns can take up whole parts of a city and may include millions of dwellers – such as in the cities of Brazil- see Favelas.

Many shanty town settlements are built on the banks of rivers and as a result the residents suffer the effect of floods or from industrial toxins in the water. Some are built close to rubbish dumps.

Residents of shanty towns often have poor health, lack education, suffer from high levels of crime and suicide, and have a shorter life expectancy.
**Ruth Ann Buzzi** (born July 24, 1936) is an American comedian and actress. She is most famous for her performances on the variety show *Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In*. She most often appeared as the unwilling object of "dirty old man" character Tyrone F. Horneigh's affection. Ruth appeared as Ruthie on seasons 25 (1993-1994)-32 (2001) of Sesame Street.

Awards
------

Buzzi received 5 Emmy Award nominations. She won the Golden Globe Award in 1973 for her work on *Laugh-In*. 

Buzzi received the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Pasadena Playhouse of the Performing Arts.

Buzzi received a Clio Award for Best Spokesperson in a television commercial for her series of Clorox-2 commercials. She is among the first of only a few Caucasian women to win an NAACP Image Award. 

Ruth Buzzi guest starred as a music and comedy performer on dozens of prime time television specials with colleagues including Jonathan Winters, Carol Burnett, Jim Nabors, Dean Martin, Frank Sinatra, Jerry Lee Lewis, Wayne Newton, Anne Murray, Rolf Harris, Dom DeLuise, Tony Orlando to name just a few. She appeared 8 times on *The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson* and has made more than 200 other television guest appearances. 

Ruth Buzzi graduated with honors from the Pasadena Playhouse in Pasadena, California. She was one of the first recipients of the Pasadena Playhouse Alumni Achievement Award along with her former classmates Dustin Hoffman and Gene Hackman.

Buzzi was a presenter at the 2009 Emmy Awards along with several members of her debut series, *Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In*.

Personal life
-------------

Buzzi lives in Fort Worth, Texas with her husband.

Buzzi and her husband collect automobiles. Some of their collection is at the Petersen Automotive Museum in Los Angeles, California.
Gabbroic xenolith in a granite; eastern Sierra Nevada, Rock Creek Canyon, California.
Peridotite (green) mantle xenolith in a (dark) volcanic bomb from the Vulkan-Eifel, Germany. One euro coin for scale
A **xenolith** (foreign rock) is a rock fragment which another rock surrounds.

It happens most in igneous rock when magma is fluid enough to flow round more solid rock. Xenoliths may be covered in the margins of a magma chamber, torn loose from the walls of a flow of lava or picked up along the ground by flowing lava on Earth's surface. A **xenocryst** is an individual foreign crystal included within an igneous body. Examples of xenocrysts are quartz crystals in a low-silica lava and diamonds in kimberlite diatremes.

Although the term xenolith is most commonly associated with igneous inclusions, a broad definition could include rock fragments which have become encased in sedimentary rock. Xenoliths are sometimes found in meteorites.

Xenoliths and xenocrysts provide important information about the composition of the otherwise inaccessible mantle. Basalts, kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres, which have their source in the upper mantle, often contain fragments and crystals assumed to be a part of the lower mantle mineralogy.
The **undue burden standard** is a constitutional test created by the Supreme Court of the United States. The test, first developed in the late 19th century, is widely used in American constitutional law. In short, the Undue Burden standard says the legislature cannot make a particular law that is too burdensome or restrictive of one's fundamental rights.

One use of the standard was in *Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia,* 328 U.S. 373 (1946). In a 7-to-1 ruling, Associate Justice Stanley Forman Reed fashioned an "undue burden" test to decide the constitutionality of a Virginia law requiring separate but equal racial segregation in public transportation. "There is a recognized abstract principle, however, that may be taken as a postulate for testing whether particular state legislation in the absence of action by Congress is beyond state power. This is that the state legislation is invalid if it unduly burdens that commerce in matters where uniformity is necessary—necessary in the constitutional sense of useful in accomplishing a permitted purpose."

More recently, the standard has been used in cases involving state restrictions on a woman's access to abortion. The standard was applied by Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor in her dissent in *City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health,* 462 US 416 (1983). O'Connor used the test as an alternative to the strict scrutiny test applied in *Roe v. Wade,* 410 U.S. 113 (1973).
The **Tomb of Bijri Khan** is situated at Sector-3 of RK Puram area in New Delhi. The mausoleum is built on a raised mound along Venkateshwara Marg. The monument has been graded an archaelogical value "A" by the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH). The high dome of the monument is crowned by red sandstone and marble pinnacle, none of which are visible now, possibly because of the damage by atmospheric weathering.

History
-------

The monument is believed to be around 600 years old, and was possibly built in the Lodi Era considering its symbolic architecture. According to archaelogists, the tomb was built in rememberance of Bijri Khan who was probably a nobleman in the Lodi court. No other significant information about the tomb or Bijri Khan is available. The grave present inside the tomb doesn't have a clear inscription of who exactly was buried inside the sepulchre.

Recent developments
-------------------

In March 2021, the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the archaelogy department of Delhi government to promote the monument as venue for cultural and literary events under the 'adopt a heritage scheme'. The MoU also states that the venue once ready, will be available for events and activities such as Sufi musical recital, theaterical plays, book readings, and for product launches. The site will also be availabe for coporate and private events.

Related pages
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* Sikandar Lodi
**Mary Toft** (née Denyer) (c. 1701–1763), also called **Mary Tofts**, was an English woman from Godalming, Surrey. In 1726 she tricked doctors into believing that she had given birth to rabbits. She became famous, and was taken to London. There she was examined by royal doctors. Later she confessed, and was sent to prison.

Toft became pregnant in 1726, but later miscarried. She had developed a strong interest in a rabbit she had seen while working, and claimed to have given birth to parts of animals. Local surgeon John Howard was called to see if it was true, and upon delivering several animal parts he told other important doctors. The event came to the attention of Nathaniel St. André, surgeon to the Royal Household of King George I of Great Britain. St. André checked further into the event and decided that Toft was telling the truth. The king also sent surgeon Cyriacus Ahlers to see Toft, but Ahlers did not believe it. By now quite famous, Toft was brought to London and was studied at length. She was watched closely. She produced no more rabbits, and eventually confessed to the hoax and was sent to prison as a fraud.

The public learned of the fact that the doctors had been fooled, and this created panic in the medical profession. Several important surgeons' careers were ruined. Pamphlets were published which made fun of the doctors, and William Hogarth was very critical of the profession. Toft was eventually released without charge and returned to her home.
A Yonge Street sign in the Downtown Yonge design
Yonge Street at North York Centre.
**Yonge Street** (pronounced "young") is a main street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and its northern suburbs. It was once listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the longest street in the world and is listed as a national historic site. It was the site of Canada's first subway line.

Yonge Street is the home of or close to many places of interest in Toronto, including street and theatre acts, the Eaton Centre, the Hockey Hall of Fame and–at the very start of the road–'One Yonge Street', the offices of the *Toronto Star* newspaper. The Yonge Line of the Toronto subway under or along it from south of King Street to Finch Avenue. The Viva Blue BRT line goes along Yonge from Finch to Newmarket Bus Terminal.

Cultural significance
---------------------

Yonge Street is thought to be Toronto's main street, because of it splits the city into east and west, and the has the Yonge subway line running under it. It is also the main place people come to celebrate events.

Parts of the street are often closed for events, such as an yearly street party. Toronto's annual Gay Pride, Orange Order, and Santa Claus parades also use Yonge Street for a large part of their routes. Canadian singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot has a song about Yonge Street, titled "On Yonge Street", on his album *A Painter Passing Through*.

2018 van incident
-----------------

See the main article: 2018 Toronto van incident
On April 23, 2018 a white van collided with numerous pedestrians killing nine and injuring sixteen others at Yonge Street.

Places of interest
------------------

College Park, located at Yonge and College.
* Hockey Hall of Fame
* Eaton Centre
* *Toronto Star* Building at One Yonge Street
* Toronto Reference Library

Related pages
-------------

* Steeles Avenue
* 2018 Toronto van incident

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Yonge Street, Toronto***.

* *Globe and Mail* article on Yonge Street
* A page which argues against Yonge Street's claim as the world's longest street Archived 2009-02-03 at the Wayback Machine
* Portrait of Sir George Yonge Archived 2009-10-08 at the Wayback Machine
* A Yahoo! page that explains why Yonge Street is the longest street in the world Archived 2006-02-17 at the Wayback Machine
* Yonge Street 1796 Plaque
* Blog series on the southern section of Yonge Street Archived 2008-12-25 at the Wayback Machine
* Google Maps of Yonge Street
The red arrows show the German army's movements for the Schlieffen Plan. The blue arrows show the French army's movements for Plan XVII. Germany attacks France through Belgium, and France attacks Germany directly and through Belgium.
Von Moltke Jr.
The **Schlieffen Plan** was a strategic plan made by Count Alfred Graf von Schlieffen (Born ; 28 February 1833 : Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia, German Confederation-Died ; 4 January 1913 : Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia, Germany) who worked for the German navy. It was made for the army of the German Empire in 1905. It was designed for a war between France on one side and the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Italy on the other. Germany and their allies would invade France through Belgium, instead of directly attacking. With help from allies, Germany would have just enough men to beat France in a few months. Alfred Graf Von Schliffen worked for the Prussian Army from 1853-1871 in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and the Franco-Prussian War from 1870-1871 during the Unification of Germany. He later worked in the Imperial German Army from 1871-1906 and was chief from 1891-1906 he died in 1913 aged 79 .

When Schlieffen retired in 1906, and the WW1 came up 9 years later, in August 1914, the German officers and tactic leaders dug up the plan that Schlieffen had made and thought that the plan would work like it would in Schlieffen's hypothetical war. However, the plan didn't work, because the plan was outdated and things had changed a lot within the decade.

Even though he did not have enough men to beat France, Moltke still attacked France through Belgium. He did this because he thought attacking was always better than defending. Moltke was sure that the Russo-Japanese War proved this because Japan always attacked, and Japan won.

Schlieffen believed that defending was usually better than attacking. Schlieffen said that a defender's men can ride trains to a place faster than an attacker's men can walk there. This meant that the defender would always have enough men to stop the attacker. Schlieffen also said that trenches, machine guns, and barbed wire would help the defender a lot. Schlieffen was right. In WWI, defense was always better until attackers used lots of artillery to help their infantry.

A similar idea to the Schlieffen Plan was used by Hitler's generals Erich Von Manstein and Heinz Guderian in World War II. In that war, Germany invaded France by attacking Belgium and The Netherlands. Because in the Schlieffen Plan Germany attacked mostly through northern Belgium, France thought Germany would do this again. France put most of her soldiers in north Belgium. But Germany invaded mostly through *South* Belgium. German troops marched to the sea and trapped half of the French Army in northern Belgium. Because the trapped French troops were starving and could not get any more food, they surrendered. France tried to continue fighting but was too weak to resist and surrendered.