recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
***At the foot of the glacier*** (also known as ***Ai piedi del ghiacciaio***) is a 19th-century landscape.

History
-------

It was painted in oil by Francesco Filippini. It was made around 1875-1895, during the Late Italian Impressionism in Milan, Italy. Filippini really had no teacher, he had some friends and colleagues of artistic research, and many students and followers even if not formalized.

Price
-----

The painting was sold by Sotheby's auction house for € 108,250 beyond auction rights in 2007 to a private collection in Milan.

Description
-----------

The work portrays a refuge behind a glacier in the Italian mountains, with a strong symbolic meaning. The peculiarity is the colors of the clouds of the sky, with the introspective Rulusche clouds of the Filipinos that contrast and are based with syncretism at the same time of the mountain.

Related pages
-------------

* Francesco Filippini

Bibliography
------------

* cfr. Anonimo, in "Natura ed Arte", anno IV, n. 11, 1-5 1895, p. 829.

Other websites
--------------

* *Ai piedi del ghiacciaio*, Francesco Filippini[*permanent dead link*].
Skull cast, Royal Ontario Museum
*Diplodocus* skull for comparison
***Niggersaurus*** (meaning "Niger reptile") is a genus of *Diplodocus*-like sauropod dinosaur. It lived in the middle of the Cretaceous period in what is now the Republic of Niger. Fossils of this dinosaur were first described in 1976, but it was only named in 1999 after more complete remains were found and described.

Its skull was very different from *Diplodocus*, suggesting a different feeding method. It had many fenestrae (openings) and thin bones. It had a wide muzzle filled with more than 500 teeth. They were replaced often: about every 14 days the whole set were replaced together. The jaws may have had a keratinous sheath, something like a wide beak. Its jaws were wider than the skull, and its teeth were placed far to the front.

*Nigersaurus* was 9 m (30 ft) long, which is small for a sauropod, and had a short neck. It weighed around 4 tonnes, comparable to a modern elephant. Its skeleton was filled with air sacs, which lightened the weight. Its limbs were robustly built.

*Nigersaurus* was probably a browser, and fed with its head close to the ground. The region of its brain that detected smell was small, although its brain size was comparable to that of other dinosaurs. There has been debate on whether its head was habitually held downwards, or horizontally like other sauropods. It lived in a riparian habitat (near rivers). Its diet probably consisted of soft plants, such as ferns, horsetails, and angiosperms. It is one of the most common fossil vertebrates found in the area, and shared its habitat with other large herbivores, as well as large theropods and crocodylomorphs.

**Controversy Surrounding the Name of Nigersaurus**

The name "Nigersaurus" has started controversy and discussion in the scientific community and beyond due to its potential for misinterpretation and unintended connotations. Named after the country of Niger, where its fossils were first found. The name was chosen to reflect its origins, however, the similarity in pronunciation to a racial slur has raised concerns about cultural sensitivity and appropriate terminology.
**British Cameroon** or the **British Cameroons** was a British-controlled League of Nations mandate later United Nations trust territory. The territory was originally a German protectorate known as Kamerun. During World War I, it was occupied by British, French and Belgians troops. Following the defeat of Germany, the German protectorate was placed under a League of Nations mandate entrusted to the administration of France for its eastern part and the United Kingdom for its western part.

France controlled most of the former German protectorate (four fifths of it) and was named French Cameroon, while the United Kingdom controlled the rest to the west next to Nigeria, which was under British rule since 1901.

Following the independence of Cameroon and Nigeria in 1960, a referendum was held in the British Cameroons under the supervision of the United Nations. People were asked whether they would like to achieve independence by joining Nigeria or by joining Cameroon.

The northern part of the British Cameroons (Northern Cameroons) decided to join Nigeria and the southern part of the British Cameroons (Southern Cameroons) decided to join Cameroon.

Today the Northern Cameroons forms part of the Adamawa, Borno and Taraba states of Nigeria while the Southern Cameroons forms part of the Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon.
Ad to vote yes for the Treaty of Lisbon, by the Irish government, in 2009.
A **plebiscite** or **referendum** is a type of voting, or of proposing laws. Some definitions of 'plebiscite' suggest that it is a type of vote to change the constitution or government of a country. Others define it as the opposite. Australia defines 'referendum' as a vote to change the constitution and 'plebiscite' as a vote that does not affect the constitution.

There are two types of result

* Mandatory - meaning the government must do what the result says
* Advisory - meaning the result of the vote is only to help the government make the final choice.

It usually depends on the country's history and constitution what sort of referendum/plebiscite is used. In Switzerland a referendum is usually mandatory, because the people are seen as the source of the government's mandate (power) to govern. For example, during Switzerland's basic income campaign there was a national referendum for the polling.

In the United Kingdom referendums have only been advisory, because the government says that the people elected to Parliament make the decisions. The referendum on the independence of Scotland was an exception. It *was* legally binding, but it was not a referendum of the UK electorate. It was only for present residents of Scotland.

An example of a proposed plebiscite was the 2011 decision by Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou to let the Greek people vote on whether the heavily indebted nation would accept a €130 billion bailout package from the European Union. The idea shocked eurozone nations, as a "no" vote could mean Greece defaulting on its national debt, and leaving the European Union and the eurozone. However, the vote was cancelled. 

Another example was the voting on the European Constitution in 2005. The vote took place in some countries. France and The Netherlands had a *referendum* on the subject. In both states, the voters said no to the proposal and no constitution was made. 

The separate simultaneous referendums held on 24 April 2004 in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and the Republic of Cyprus on the comprehensive settlement plan of the UN Secretary-General is another example of such a vote. The Plan was approved in the Turkish Cypriot referendum by 65%, while it was rejected in the Greek Cypriot referendum by 75%.

Problems with referendums
-------------------------

Many political problems can be solved by asking the people their opinion because the supporters of the argument will be forced to accept the decision of the people. However:

* It is feared that the electorate do not have sufficient political knowledge to truly understand what they are voting for

* Philosophers Plato and Madison thought voters are too easily persuaded by their own internal feelings of a matter instead of focusing on the good of the nation. That is to say they vote selfishly.
Game & Watch Gallery 4, known in Europe and Australia as *Game & Watch Gallery Advance*, is the fifth game in the series in Europe and Australia and the fourth in North America. It was released for the Game Boy Advance in Europe on October 25, 2002, in the United States on October 28, 2002, and in Australia in 2002. It is the second Game & Watch Gallery game not to receive a Japanese release until 2016 via the Wii U's Virtual Console. It is also the first title in the Game & Watch Gallery series to credit TOSE as a co-developer, after the company had gone uncredited in the previous installments.
This game features Game & Watch games in two styles: Classic, which features faithful reproductions of the original games, and Modern, which gives the games a different visual style using characters from the Super Mario Bros. series. It features 11 games with both Modern and Classic modes, and nine games with only Classic mode. This game facilitates multiplayer for Boxing and Donkey Kong 3.

List of games
-------------

* Fire
* Boxing
* Rain Shower
* Mario's Cement Factory
* Donkey Kong Jr.
* Donkey Kong 3
* Chef
* Mario Bros.
* Donkey Kong
* Octopus
* Fire Attack

Also included are several unlockable games that can only be played in Classic mode:

* Manhole
* Tropical Fish
* Mario's Bombs Away
* Parachute
* Bomb Sweeper
* Climber
* Safebuster
* Life Boat
* Zelda
The **virgin cleansing myth** (other names are **virgin cure myth**, **virgin rape myth**, or simply **virgin myth**) is the belief that having sex with a virgin girl cures a man of sexually transmitted diseases.

Anthropologist Suzanne Leclerc-Madlala says the myth is a potential factor in infant rape by HIV-positive men in South Africa. Young girls are often raped, because they are thought to be virgins because of their age. Sometimes, people with disabilities are raped, because the rapist thinks that because of their disability, these people do not have sex and are therefore virgins.

History
-------

The myth was first reported in 16th-century Europe; it became widely known in 19th-century Victorian England as a cure for syphilis and gonorrhea among other sexually transmitted diseases. The origin is unknown, but historian Hanne Blank writes that the idea may have evolved from Christian legends of virgin–martyrs, whose purity served as a form of protection in battling demons.

Prevalence
----------

People all over the world have heard this myth, including in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas.

A survey by the University of South Africa (UNISA) in South Africa found that 18 percent of workers thought that having sex with a virgin cures HIV/AIDS. An earlier study in 1999 by sexual health educators in Gauteng reported that 32 percent of the people taking part in the survey believed the myth.

According to Betty Makoni of the Girl Child Network in Zimbabwe, traditional healers carry on the myth, because they tell HIV-positive men that having sex with a virgin can cure HIV/AIDS. In Zimbabwe, some people also believe that the blood produced by raping a virgin will cleanse the infected person's blood of the disease.

In 2002, psychologist Mike Earl-Taylor wrote that the virgin cure myth may explain the rise in child or infant rapes in South Africa, which is facing an HIV/AIDS epidemic. UNICEF has attributed the rape of hundreds of girls to the virgin cleansing myth.

There have been no studies to find out how common the myth is, and how many people get raped because of this belief. Researchers Rachel Jewkes and Helen Epstein say that the belief does not drive HIV infection or child sexual abuse in Africa. A study done on convicted sex offenders in Malawi also did not find any evidence to support the idea that the virgin cleansing myth prompted any rapes.

Importance of education
-----------------------

Because peolple do not know about HIV and the AIDS infection, this causes problems with preventing it in many countries in Africa.

Education has helped women such as Betty Makoni speak out against the myth and attempt to dissuade people from believing the virgin cleansing myth.
The **aardvark** (*Orycteropus afer*) is a mammal from Africa; its name means "earth pig" in the language Afrikaans. It is the only living member in its order, though some fossil genera have been found

Taxonomy
--------

* Order *Tubulidentata*
	+ Family *Orycteropodidae*
		- Genus *Orycteropus*
			* Species *Orycteropus afer*

The Aardvark looks a bit like the South American anteaters but they are not related. It is in a proposed clade Afroinsectiphilia, with the golden moles and tenrecs. Another proposal is to out it in the Pseudungulata, with the elephants and Sirenia. There is no consensus at present.

Description
-----------

Adult aardvarks weighs about 60 kilograms (130 pounds) and a little more than one meter (45 inches) long. It is the largest member of the proposed clade Afroinsectiphilia. The aardvark is pale yellowish-gray in color and often stained reddish-brown by soil. The aardvark's fur is thin. Its hair is short on its head and tail. But, its legs tend to have longer hair.

Distribution and Habitat
------------------------

Aardvarks are found in sub-Saharan Africa. They are found in every country in sub-Saharan Africa except Namibia, Ivory Coast, Ghana and Madagascar. It lives in many habitats like savannas, grasslands, woodlands and bushland. They have been seen as high as 3,200 metres (10,500 ft) in Ethiopia.

Feeding
-------

Aardvarks eat mostly ants and termites. They have a long sticky tongue which makes it easy to pick up many ants at once. The only fruit that aardvarks eat is the aardvark cucumber. They avoid eating the African driver ant and red ants.

Behaviour
---------

Aardvarks are nocturnal, which means they are awake at night and asleep during the day. The Aardvark is a good swimmer. It can dig a tunnel that is one yard in about five minutes. Aardvarks live for up to 23 years in captivity. It has many predators such as lions, leopards, cheetahs, African wild dogs, hyenas, and pythons. Some humans also hunt aardvarks for meat. Aardvarks can dig fast or run in a zigzag to confuse predators. If all else fails they will attack with their claws.

Reproduction
------------

Aardvarks only come together to breed. The gestation period is seven months. They give birth to one cub, which is what a baby aardvark is called. The cub weighs around 1.7–1.9 kilograms (3.7–4.2 lb). It is born during May–July. After 5–6 weeks, hair starts growing on its body. After two weeks, it is able to leave the burrow to follow its mother. After 9 weeks, it is able to eat termites. It is weaned between three months and 16 weeks. At six months, it is able to dig its own burrows, but it will often stay with the mother until the next mating season. It reaches sexual maturity when it is two years old.
**Breadfruit** is the name for an evergreen tree in the mulberry family. Originally, the tree grew in Southeast Asia. It has been cultivated and is grown in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Central and South America and the Caribbean. The tree can reach a height of up to 20 metres (66 ft). The breadfruit is the fruit of this tree. The fruits contain a lot of starch - much like potatoes; they are ground to make flour, which can then be used for baking.

Ancestors of the Polynesians found the trees growing in the northwest New Guinea area around 3,500 years ago. They gave up the rice cultivation they had brought with them from Taiwan, and raised breadfruit instead. They took the trees with them wherever they went in the Pacific. The exceptions were Easter Island and New Zealand: both places were too cold to grow the trees. Their ancient eastern Indonesian cousins spread the plant west and north through insular and coastal Southeast Asia. In historical times, it has also been widely planted in tropical regions elsewhere.

The Mutiny on the Bounty was caused by breadfruit trees: In 1787, William Bligh was ordered to load a number of these trees on Tahiti and to ship them to the Caribbean; there they would serve as a cheap food for the slaves working on plantations. The main plantations at the time were those of sugarcane. This was the first attempt a government made to grow an economically important plant at a different location. The attempt failed, because the seamen did not understand why the drinking water supply was used to water the plants; they threw the plants overboard.

Bligh was able to ship the trees in a second voyage: Arriving in the Caribbean, he faced a different problem: The slaves there did not accept breadfruit as a replacement for cereals. Bligh won the Royal Society medal for his efforts, even though the introduction was not entirely successful. Although most slaves refused to eat the new food, breadfruit was accepted into the cuisine of Puerto Rico.
**De-Stalinization** is the way that the Soviet Union tried to undo Joseph Stalin's politics and the heroic image he created of himself using propaganda.
After Stalin died, a group led the Soviet Union for a while. Georgi Malenkov was the Premier of the Soviet Union; Lavrentiy Beria, head of the Ministry of the Interior; and Nikita Khrushchev was First Secretary of the Central Committee. 

Because Stalin had so prominent a control over the Soviet Union, he was placed on a pedestal both at home and among communists abroad. In the years 1953–1955, a period of "silent de-Stalinization" took place, as the revision of Stalin's policies was done in secret, and often with no explanation.

Revisionism
-----------

In 1954, Nikita Khrushchev became the leader of the Soviet Union. He attempted to reform the Soviet government and change how socialism in the country should be run. In order to do this, he had to change the way the public thought of Stalin, this is called revisionism. He removed Stalin's corpse out of the mausoleum in Red Square and he changed the name of Stalingrad (which was named after Stalin) to Volgograd. Some people disliked Khrushchev’s reform and those who oppose revisionism are called anti-revisionist. 

Αnti-revisionist cartoon from 1976 by Albanian cartoonist Zef Bumçi depicting Nikita Khrushchev as a servant of the bourgeoisie (the rich)
On February 25 1956, when de-stalinization became official, Khrushchev accused his predecessor, Josef Stalin, of creating a regime based on "suspicion, fear, and terror.
**Lao** or **Laotian** is a language and is the official language of Laos. It is also spoken in the northeast part of Thailand. Lao, like the other languages of Laos, is written in an abugida writing system. The languages has variations, but the Vientiane dialect is considered the standard written form of Lao.

Lao and Thai are both Tai languages and are very similar to each other. In fact, speakers of northern Thai dialects and Lao claim that they can largely understand each other, making the dialects mutually intelligible.

History
-------

Lao is one of the Tai languages, spoken in what is now northern Vietnam and southern China. Mongol invaders and expansion in China pushed the Tai people south towards India. Their language was influenced by other languages in the region like the Mon-Khmer and the Austronesian languages. The written form of Lao originally came from the Pali language in India. The script form was brought to the region by Buddhists about two thousand years ago.

Lao script is based on the Khmer script and is very similar to Thai script. However, the writing system was simplified several times, both during the French rule and the communist rule, to make it easier for native Lao speakers to read aloud written Lao.

Vocabulary
----------

Lao has mainly native Lao words. Because of Buddhism, however, it has been influenced by other languages that contributed mostly religious terms. Lao has influenced Khmer and Thai and vice versa. The writing has many foreign loanwords, very similar to how Latin and Greek have influenced other European languages. 

For politeness, pronouns (and more formal pronouns) are used, as well as ending statements with ແດ່ (dè [dɛː]) or ເດີ້ (deu [dɤ̂ː]). Negative statements are made more polite by ending with ດອກ (dok [dɔ̭ːk]). The following are formal register examples.

* ຂອບໃຈຫຼາຍໆເດີ້ (khop chai lai lai deu, [kʰɔ᷆ːp t͡ɕàj lǎːj lǎːj dɤ̂ː]) *Thank you very much.*
* ຂ້ານ້ອຍເຮັດບໍ່ໄດ້ດອກ (khanoi hét bo dai dok, [kʰa᷆ːnɔ̂ːj hēt bɔ̄ː dâj dɔ᷆ːk]) *I cannot.*
* ໄຂປະຕູໃຫ້ແດ່ (khai pa too hai dè, [kʰǎj pa.tùː ha᷆j dɛ̄ː ]) *Open the door, please.*

Other websites
--------------


 ***Lao edition*** of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

* Laotian Language 101, YouTube
* Learn Basic Lao Language
* Linguistics of Tonal Languages, YouTube

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Authority control: National Edit this at Wikidata | 
* Germany
* Israel
* Czech Republic

 |
The chemical elements beyond lead are radioactive, and they do not have stable isotopes. This means that they will decay into other elements. As their atomic number (the number of protons in their nucleus) increases, the time it takes for them to decay tends to get shorter, going from billions of years to less than one millisecond. There is a theory in physics that says that after a number of elements with short half lives, there will be others with longer half lives. These are generally known as "**islands of stability"**. These elements are expected to have isotopes that decay in several minutes.The theory is that, similarly to electron shells, the nucleus of an atom is made of "shells" (which can be thought of as layers of protons and neutrons), and that when a nucleus has entirely filled shells, it is significantly more stable.

A filled shell would have "magic numbers" of neutrons and protons, known magic numbers are **2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126**; however, further numbers are predicted to exist. One element that is predicted to be quite stable is unbihexium, in particular, its isotope unbihexium-310, which would be "doubly magic" (both its atomic number of 126 and neutron number of 184 are thought to be magic) and so would be the most likely to be very stable. The next lightest doubly magic isotope of an element is lead-208, the heaviest stable isotope of any element and the most stable heavy metal.

Isotopes have been produced with enough protons to put them on an island of stability but with too few neutrons. It is possible that these elements possess unusual properties and, if they have isotopes with long enough lifespans, would be available for various uses (such as particle accelerator targets and neutron sources).

Periodic table with elements colored according to the half-life of their most stable isotope.
  Stable elements.
  Radioactive elements with half-lives of over four million years.
  Half-lives between 800 and 34,000 years.
  Half-lives between 1 day and 103 years.
  Half-lives ranging between a minute and 1 day.
  Half-lives less than a minute.

Related pages
-------------

* Extended periodic table
A girl coming to temple
A girl smiling in Laos
A **girl** is a young female human, a child female. Little girls often still have a prepubescent body. It is not until they reach puberty (which starts at age 12 on average) that their bodies start to develop and they become pubescent. During puberty, a girl develops breasts, their hips and shoulders widen and they begin to have periods.

Overview
--------

The word "girl" was used a long time ago by some people called Anglo-Saxons. Sometimes older people still refer to grown up women as "girls", especially in expressions such as "a night out with the girls". According to some Abrahamic derived traditions, the first girl that ever existed was Luluwa.

The opposite of a girl is a boy. A boy is a male child who will grow into a man.

The way girls are brought up will vary a lot between different cultures. In Western cultures, a girl traditionally wears a dress or skirt. However, many girls wear trousers (pants) these days, like boys, especially when dressed informally. Girls often grow their hair longer than boys, although this can vary a lot according to quickly changing fashions.

Gallery
-------

* A Filipino girl wearing a Muslim hijabA Filipino girl wearing a Muslim hijab
* A group of Irish-American girls doing the traditional Irish stepdanceA group of Irish-American girls doing the traditional Irish stepdance
* An Cambodian girl resting at a parkAn Cambodian girl resting at a park
* A Chinese girl swimming in a poolA Chinese girl swimming in a pool
* An Venezuelan girlAn Venezuelan girl
* An American girl wearing glasses in Texas, USAAn American girl wearing glasses in Texas, USA
* An Ethiopian girl of the Welayta peopleAn Ethiopian girl of the Welayta people
* A Spanish girl during the Las Fallas festival, in Valencia, SpainA Spanish girl during the Las Fallas festival, in Valencia, Spain
* A Japanese young girl plays with soap bubblesA Japanese young girl plays with soap bubbles
* A Infant of Girl from EgyptA Infant of Girl from Egypt

Related pages
-------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Girls***.

* Woman
* Girlfriend
**Robert "The Grinder" Baker** (October 26 1926 - April 23 2002) also known as **Bob Baker** was an American heavyweight boxer who fought professionally from 1949 to 1960. He was one of the world's leading bulky heavyweight contenders in the 1950s. Bob "The Grinder, Big Bob, The Behemoth" Baker was born in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. After serving 3 years in the navy, he fought out of Pittsburgh. His most notable accomplishments include the 1949 Pennsylvania Intercity Golden Gloves championship in the heavyweight division. In 1947, he won Pittsburgh Golden Gloves Championship. His amateur record is respectable 33-2. In 1948, Coley Wallace won an unpopular split decision vs
Rocky Marciano in the semifinal of the New York Golden Gloves Tournament of Champions and then he won the final of that tournament by an unpopular very close split decision vs 'Big' Bob Baker. According to observers both fights were draws.

In 1948, Wallace & Baker met again in the final match. This time Baker won & became 1948 Golden Gloves champion again.

Baker started his professional career with 26 undefeated fights before drawing against bulky Kid Riviera but only 10 days later lost to another top contender, Clarence Henry.

From April 1955 until February 1956, Bob Baker was ranked as the leading challenger to Rocky Marciano's heavyweight title by IBC-International Boxing Club. Ring magazine rated him as logical opponent for Rocky's title. On Wednesday, December 7th 1955, Baker beat Nino Valdez in a rematch, again by unanimous decision. The winner of that fight was scheduled to fight Marciano on February 3 1956.

After 13 straight wins (Baker's dozen), Baker lost to Tommy Hurricane Jackson on February 3 1956, in New York's Madison Square Garden. It was a conytorversial split decision win for Jackson. Rocky Marciano was to fight for championship this day. In May 1956, Baker easily defeated John Holman. Baker also lost another controversial split decision rematch with Jackson on September 26 1956. Both fights should have been draws.Opinions on both Baker-Jackson fights were divided in many publications with most of them giving the fight to Baker. United Press scored the fight 7-5 for Baker. A poll of all 13 ringside writers favored Baker 9-4.

After 1956, Baker's success was limited. His most notable victory was a sound unanimous decision defeat of solid Canadian George Chuvalo, the future Canadian heavyweight champion, by unanimous decision on September 9 1957. Chuvalo was also a multiple time championship contender in the 1960s and 1970s.

Baker died on April 23, 2002, from acute heart failure, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Other websites
--------------

* Baker's Boxing Record Archived 2006-05-05 at the Wayback Machine
* Ring Magazine's 1950s heavyweight ratings
**Maltese** is the language of Malta, and a language of the European Union. Maltese sounds similar to the Phoenician language that was spoken in areas around the ancient Mediterranean. It is written in the Latin alphabet like English. Maltese descends from a dialect of Arabic called Siculo-Arabic. The language has borrowed many words from Sicilian, Italian, and English. Around 393,000 people speak Maltese. Most of them live in Malta.

History
-------

Many people from Sicily settled in Malta after the Muslims conquered it in 870 AD. They spoke a Sicilian-Arabic language from the Maghreb. In later centuries their language changed into Maltese. The oldest known document in Maltese is "Il Cantilena," a poem from the 15th century written by Pietro Caxaro. For centuries, Maltese was mainly a spoken language.

Maltese became an official language of Malta in 1934, alongside English. Before that year, the only official language of Malta was Italian. Italian, however, is still used a lot in the media.

Today
-----

Italian and English words are being taken in by the language more and more. This sometimes causes words to form that are not found in Maltese, Italian, or English, but instead are a mix of the three. At schools, English is taught as a second language. Maltese is usually used in the standardized jobs and when people talk to each other. Most of the television, radio, and literature in Malta is also in Maltese.
**Poopak Niktalab** (born 19 May ,1970) (Persian: پوپک نیک طلب or /puːˈpækˌnɪkˈtælæb/ ) is an Iranian writer and literary researcher. She is known for writing the book *Sarv-e-Samarqand*.

life
----

She is an Iranian writer and researcher of children's literature. She has written more than one hundred articles about children's literature such as Persian poems for children). Her book, *Sarv-e-Samarghand.* (English: Cedar of Samarqand), is the fullest interpretation of Rudaki's poems.

On the 200th birthday of Hans Christian Andersen, she was awarded the Outstanding Research Prize for Children’s Literature

She married Ali Latifiyan in 1999. The result of this marriage is two children named Parniya and Pouya.

Books
-----

Samarkand cedar (Rudaki Continuous Poems Description) Print 2020, Faradid Publishing

From the Alleyways of Samarkand to the Mediterranean Coast (The Evolution of the World of Child and Adolescent Literature (in 33 countries) Print 2019, Faradid Publishing

Poetry in the Mirror of the Child (Teaching poems for children), print 2003, Bashir Science and Literature

Father of the Sunshine of Kindness, Printed 1999 , Paknevis Publishing
**SMS Posen** was a German battleship built in 1907 and launched in 1910. She had twelve 11 inch guns in six turrets.

The ship sailed during most of the First World War, in the North Sea. The main battle she was in was the Battle of Jutland where she hit another German ship which then sank. 

The ship served with her three sister ships for the majority of World War I. She saw extensive service in the North Sea, where she took part in several fleet sorties. These culminated in the Battle of Jutland on 31 May – 1 June 1916, where *Posen* was heavily engaged in night-fighting against British light forces. In the confusion, the ship accidentally rammed the light cruiser SMS *Elbing*, which suffered serious damage and was scuttled later in the night.

The ship also conducted several deployments to the Baltic Sea against the Russian Navy. In the first of these, *Posen* supported a German naval assault in the Battle of the Gulf of Riga. The ship was sent back to the Baltic in 1918 to support the White Finns in the Finnish Civil War. At the end of the war, *Posen* remained in Germany while the majority of the fleet was interned in Scapa Flow. In 1919, following the scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow, she was ceded to the British as a replacement for the ships that had been sunk. She was then sent to ship-breakers in the Netherlands and scrapped in 1922.

 About
------

Line drawing of a *Nassau*-class battleship showing the disposition of the main battery
Posen was 146 m long and 27 m wide. She weighed 18,873 tonnes. Her crew was 40 officers and 968 sailors, 1008 total. She had three coal engines and could go at 20 knots or 9600 miles at 12 knots.

Her guns were 28 cm wide and were in six twin turrets in a hexagon shape around the ship. She also had 15cm and 8.8 cm anti aircraft guns. She carried six torpedo which she could shoot out the front, back and sides. She had thick armour along both sides, 30cm thick in most places.

 History
--------

*Posen* and the rest of the I Battle Squadron in Kiel before the war
Posen was first ordered in 1906 as the Ersatz Baden. She started being built on 11 June 1907 in secret. She sailed for the first time in December 1908. She cost the German government 36,920,000 Marks.

She went to Wilhelmshavenin 1910 and sailed out of there for the next 4 years. In World War 1 she spent a lot of time in the North Sea, and sometimes going down to the Baltic sea to fight the Russian Navy. She was part of the Battle of Jutland, and in the fight she hit another German ship and made it sink.

Bibliography
------------

* Gröner, Erich (1990). *German Warships: 1815–1945*. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-790-6. OCLC 22101769.
* Staff, Gary (2010). *German Battleships: 1914–1918*. Vol. 1. Oxford: Osprey Books. ISBN 978-1-84603-467-1. OCLC 705750106.
The Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for:

 ***the heroes***.

Joan of Arc, who fought in the Lancastrian War, is the national heroine of France, as well as a canonized Catholic saint.
Robin Hood, a folk hero from Medieval England.
A **hero** is a real person or fictional character who, in the face of danger, combats adversity through feats of ingenuity, courage, or strength.

In Greek mythology, a hero is a demigod, a half-god/half-human being. Herakles, for example, was the son of the god Zeus and the mortal woman Alkmene. Heroes performed extraordinary feats and were worshipped in hero cults.

The word hero comes from the Greek ἥρως (hērōs), "hero" (literally "protector" or "defender"), particularly one such as Heracles with divine ancestry or later given divine honors.

In the modern world, hero has lost its ancient meaning. It now means someone who is courageous ("The firefighter who saved my baby is a hero."). Heroes are "heroic", they have "heroism". They help in saving people or a society from bad people, villains, or natural disasters. A hero can also be someone who is helpful, polite, or helping people who need it. The word is used in the sports world to mean an extraordinary player or athlete ("football hero", "Olympic hero", etc.). The female equivalent of the male hero is the "heroine".

Sometimes, the protagonist (or main character) of a story is called the "hero" of the story. Some fictional characters are superheroes. 

The opposite of a hero is a villain. A female hero like Joan of Arc is called a **heroine**.

1. ↑  "hero | Origin and meaning of hero by Online Etymology Dictionary". *www.etymonline.com*. Retrieved 2021-05-12.
The **Kyiv School of Economics** (**KSE**) is a higher education institution founded in 1996 by the Consortium for Economic Research and Education (EERC). In 2017, four master's programs of the Kyiv School of Economics (economic analysis, business and finance economics, KSE business education and public policy and governance) were licensed by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. From 2021, the Kyiv School of Economics launches two new bachelor's degree programs: Economics and Big Data and IT and Business Analysis. The School does not have a single owner, it is governed by an independent board of directors who do not receive compensation for their work, and an international academic board (which includes, in particular, Nobel Laureate Roger Myerson). The president of KSE is Tymofiy Milovanov, a former Ukrainian mister of economics.

Description
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The mission of the Kyiv School of Economics is to build an intellectual foundation for a successful Ukraine. During its existence, the Kyiv School of Economics has graduated more than 600 students, a quarter of whom received a Western PhD. Graduates of the school successfully work in the public (Dmytro Sologub, Yevhen Dubogryz), public (Veronika Movchan, Dmytro Yablonovsky) and private sector (Olena Bilan, Yegor Hryhorenko). Yuriy Gorodnichenko (KSE'2001 graduate) was a young economist № 1 in the world in 2007 according to the RePEc rating.

Other websites
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* Official website
The **Capacitance Electronic Disc** (also known as a **CED**) was a type of video disc. It was made in 1964 by the company RCA. The CED is similar to a record because it stores the video and sound as small groves on a black disk. Because of this, the CED is an analog disc format instead of a digital format like a CD. The CED is stored inside a plastic case to prevent the user from touching it, as it is very easy to damage. On the plastic case is a label that has the name of the movie on the disc as well as other information such as a summary of the movie.

History
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The first CED was made in 1964 but were not available for purchase until 1981. About 200 movies were made available on CED. Each movie that was on CED was about $15 to $35 depending on the length of the movie. The CED did not sell well for many reasons; one is because the disc was not recordable, unlike video tape. The production of the CED stopped in 1986.

Details of a CED
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CEDs are conductive vinyl platters that are 30.0 cm (11.8 in) in diameter. To avoid using the metric system to name their discs, they were called "12 inch discs" even though they were actually slightly smaller. Each side of the disc has grooves that are about 19 miles long and are 37 times smaller than the grooves on a regular phonograph record. When the disc is playing, it spins at about 450 times per minute and each rotation of the disc contained several frames of audio and visual information. 

To read the disc, a titanium needle was placed very lightly on the outer edge of the disc. A small electric current was then passed through the center of the needle, where it would touch the bottom of the groove and read the audio information, which was stored in small holes. The needle would read these by detecting how much air was between the needle and the pit and then the electronics of the player would convert these into audio. The visual information was stored in the grooves and were read like a regular phonograph record. As the needle passed over the grooves, it would vibrate and the player would convert the vibrations into the pictures.
Not to be confused with Abdul Salam Baryali.

Template:Politics of Afghanistan
 **Abdul Salam Hanafi** (Pashto: عبدالسلام حنفي, IPA: [ˈabdʊl saˈlɑm hanaˈfi], Uzbek/Dari: عبدالسلام حنفی) is an Afghan Uzbek political and Deobandi-Islamic religious leader who is a senior leader of the Taliban, an acting second deputy prime minister, alongside Abdul Ghani Baradar and Abdul Kabir, of Afghanistan since 2021.

After the Taliban government collapse in 2001, following the United States invasion of Afghanistan, Hanafi was appointed by the Taliban leadership as a top general to oversee the Taliban’s military activities in Jowzjan Province, Northern Afghanistan from May 2007 until sometime in 2008.

Abdul Salam Hanafi is from Jowzjan Province, which is located in northern Afghanistan. He has studied at various religious seminaries including Jamia Darul Uloom, Karachi, Pakistan.

Early life and education
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An ethnic Uzbek, Hanafi was born in 1969 in the Gardan village in the Darzab District of Jowzjan Province.

He later moved to Pakistan for further religious studies, studying the traditional Islamic sciences, mathematics, logic and other subjects at Jamia Darul Uloom, Karachi. 
Outside religion he also studied computer science, accounting and languages, mastering, outside his native Uzbek, Pashto, Persian, English, Arabic, Urdu, Kyrgyz, Turkmen and Turkish.
Fore Street, Trevena
**Tintagel**, formerly **Trevena**, is a civil parish and village on the Atlantic coast of Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is about 5 miles from Boscastle and 6 miles from Camelford. The population of the parish is 1,820 people. The village and nearby Tintagel Castle are associated with the legends surrounding King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table. The village has, in recent times, become attractive to tourists from many parts of the world and is one of the most-visited places in Britain. The modern-day village of Tintagel was known as Trevena until the Post Office decided to call it 'Tintagel' in the mid 19th century (until then Tintagel had always been the name of the headland and of the parish).

In the village is the 'Old Post Office', which dates from the 14th century. It became a post office during the 19th century, and is now owned by the National Trust. There are three churches in Tintagel, the Anglican church of St Materiana on the cliffs, and Methodist and Roman Catholic churches in the village.

Scholars have found it hard to explain the origin of 'Tintagel' as a name: the most likely one to be correct is from Norman French, rather than from Cornish.
A young man is fighting with Daevas
**Ural-batyr** (Bash. Ural batyr) is a Bashkir folk epic poem. It is a very important piece of Bashkir writing.
The central place in the epic is the topics of life and death, immortality, the struggle of Good and bad.
The epic poetry contains of 4,576 poetic and 19 prose lines. The composition is divided into 3 parts.

History of study
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Old people told the story to young people for many generations. They told it orally, by saying the poem instead of writing it down. In 1910, two story tellers told this epic to Mukhametsha Burangulov. He wrote them down. After writing this epic, Mukhametsh Burangulov gave the storyteller his horse, and he returned home on foot.

There are other versions of the epic writed from other storytellers.

In 1968, the epic was published in the Bashkir magazine "Agidel". In 1972, the epic was published in a multi -volume compilation of "Bashkir folk art".
In 1975, the epic was published in the series "Library of World Literature" in the head of the "Epics of the peoples of the USSR".

There are several translations of the epic into Russian - by literal translation and poetic.
In 2003, Ural Batyr was translated into English. In 2006, Ural Batyr was published in German. The epic "Ural Batyr" was also translated into other languages of the world (Abkhazian, Hebrew, Turkish, Chuvash and others).

In Bashkortostan, many events are held to popularize the epic. There is a tourist route "In the footsteps of the Ural Batyr". Theaters are performances, films are shot. A competition of readers of the epic is held annually.

The epic "Ural-Batyr" is one of the Seven Wonders of Bashkortostan. The epic is included in the TURKSOY (International Organization of Turkic Culture) List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Plot
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The plot of the epic about the struggle of the Ural Batyr for the happiness of people, the battle with the evil forces of nature. The main characters of the epic are people living on Earth. This is the life of three generations. The mythical bird Samrau is one of the main characters of the epic.

Epos tells about the Deluge myth, the first people - *Yanbird and Yanbike*. They have two sons of the Ural Batyr and Shulgen. Ural Batyr and Shulgan find out that death is stronger than man. They are sent in search of spring water of non -immortality. A dispute arises between the brothers. Shulgen entered into a conspiracy with the evil forces of nature sach Azhdakha. Ural Batyr fights for the happiness of people.

The epic presents ancient ideas about the structure of the cosmos, Earth, about the Underworld.

Other websites
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* Folklore of Bashkortostan People: Encyclopedia / Scientific. Collegium: F. A. Nadrshina (chap. Ed.), S. I. Apsatarova, L. A. Afanasyeva, V. Ya. Babenko, F. G. Galieva, M. Kh. Idelbaev, I.E. Karpukhin, T. G. Minnihmetova, I. G. Petrov, R. R. Sadikov, U. G. Saitov (ed.), R. A. Sultangareeva, I.K. Fazlutdinov, G. R. Khusainova;. - Per. in English. Yaz.: LLC "Center for Intercultural Cooperation". -Ufa: "Bashkir Encyclopedia", 2020.-ISBN 978-5-88185-474-4. (en)
* The regional encyclopedic portal "Bashkortostan" (ru)
Fossil of *Aspidorhynchus sanzenbacheri*
***Aspidorhynchus*** is an extinct genus of predatory aspidorhynchiform from the Jurassic. Fossils have been found in Europe, Antarctica, and the Caribbean.

Description
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### Physical appearance

A slender-bodied fish, *Aspidorhynchus* had heavy scales and a symmetrical tail. It is famous for its pointy rostrum. It was a fast-swimming fish, too. Although it would've looked like the modern-day gars, it was not related to them because Aspidorhynchiformes is a separate order from the Lepisosteiformes.

Classification
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*Aspidorhynchus* is a member of the family Aspidorhynchidae within the order Aspidorhynchiformes.

Image gallery
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Drawing
Reconstruction
Fossil of *Aspidorhynchus acutirostris*
Fossil specimen WDC CSG 255, including a *Rhamphorhynchus* with a *Leptolepides* fish trapped in the pharynx and caught in the jaws of an *Aspidorhynchus*

Related pages
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* Blochius
* Odacidae
* Enchodus
* Belonostomus

Other websites
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* Data related to *Aspidorhynchus* on Wikidata
**Anne Vlieg** (born 1956) is a former Dutch table tennis player and head coach of the Dutch national table tennis federation (nl) (NTTB).

Vlieg competed about 70 times for the Dutch national team, but never won main prizes. He became once second at the national championships and became national double champion together with Han Gootzen.

His brother Jan Vlieg is also a former table tennis player and national head coach.

Biography
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Born in Ferwerd in 1956 he moved at the age of five to Medemblik. Vlieg started playing table tennis at the age of 10 with table tennis club Midstars. He played in the first team together with brother Jan Vlieg and Tom Pitstra. At the end of the 1970s, they played in the national Eredivisie (main Dutch national league), competed in the National Cup and played with the club at European Cup. The first Europa Cup appearance was in 1977. In 1980 he moved to club ‘t Hooge Huys in Alkmaar.

As a member of the national table tennis team he played c. 70 matches. He competed at European Championships and World Championships.

In 1978 he was involved in a dispute about the European Championships selection. At the 1978 NTTB-Cup Vlieg had to withdraw due to a foot injury as a result of playing indoor football. Due to this head coach Bert Schoofs didn’t select Vlieg for the European championships because, according to him, Vlieg "took a conscious risk and that shows an incorrect approach to table tennis". Vlieg didn’t like the reasoning of Schoofs. Table tennis club "Tempo Team" also didn’t support the reasoning of the selection procedure including stating that playing indoor football is not a reason not to select Vlieg, as Bert van der Helm (who was selected) just returned from winter sport. As a result of the of "Tempo Team" the two "Tempo Team" players (Bert van der Helm and Nico Slobbe) who were selected to play the European Championships were removed from the selection.  Vlieg was asked to join the team, however, Vlieg was solidair with Van der Helm and Slobbe and refused. After long discussions, the disagreement was settled and all three players were allowed to participate.

He was not a continuous member of the national selection. He returned in the selection in 1982, and again in 1985 when his brother was national head coach.

Vlieg suffered from mental problems when competing under pressure, resulting in, according to himself as a "mop backhand".

Vlieg became a table tennis trainer. He became national head coach. Vlieg also coached several national table tennis teams. In 1993 when he was coach at VSB/Harkstede, "Treffers" made an offer that he would become their main trainer. In the late 1990s he became, together with his brother, trainer-coach of their original club: Midstars. The team returned to the Dutch highest league (Eredivisie) and became national champion.

Vlieg got burned out and quit his job at table tennis federation. He later started his own table tennis business in which his son is involved also.