recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Vinzenz Dittrich** (23 February 1893 – 25 January 1965) was an Austrian football player and football coach. He played as defender defender for the Austrian national football team and mainly for SK Rapid Wien.

Career
------

Dittrich came in 1913 from the second-class team SC Blue Star Vienna to Rapid. Vinzenz Dittrich made his debut for Rapid in a 5-0 home win against FAC on 30 March 1913. He quickly had a place in the first team. Dittrich was considered a very tough player. His tackles were often on the verge of a foul. His unorthodox and sometimes dirty playing style was often the subject of the newspapers. In his first season he won the  championship. After an interruption due to the war, Dittrich was again part of the Rapid team from 1916 onwards. He won five more championships and two cup titels.

In 1925 he left Rapid and went to ASV Hertha Vienna, who were promoted to the First class. They were immediately relegated. Dittrich stayed with the club in the II. League and was able to reach immediate promotion. This time the team was able to stay in the top division for three years before relegated in 1930. Dittrich then ended his active career.

International
-------------

He played 16 matches for the Austrian national football team and scored one goal. His first match was on 26 October 1913 versus Hungary (3-4). His last match was on 15 August 1923 versus Finland (2-1).

Manager
-------

Dittrich began a coaching career in 1930 and worked for the Lithuanian Football Association.He won the Baltic Cup with the national team. After his return to Austria he became coach of SC Hakoah Vienna. After the team beat Olympique Marseille on a tour of France they signed Dittrich in the summer of 1933. He also brought the two Austrian national players Leopold Drucker and Josef Chloupek to Marseille. With the team he won the French Cup against Stade Rennais.

After his time in Marseille, he looked after DSV Saaz and FC Nordstern Basel from 1935 before returning to France in 1937 to FC Mulhouse. In 1938 he took over the coaching position at Hamborn 07. In the autumn season of 1940 he looked after the Vienna second division team SC Helfort. At the end of the year he became coach at ŠK Bratislava. Therehe won the Slovak championship.

After the Second World War, Dittrich was a coach at the second division club 1. Schwechater SC, worked in Luxembourg,and looked after 1. Wiener Neustädter SC from 1947 to 1949. He then spent several years as a club coach in Damascus and coach of the national team of Syria and Lebanon.

Honours
-------

**as player:**

* 6× Austrian champion: 1913, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1923
* 2× Austrian Cup: 1919, 1920
* 1× Austria 2nd league: 1927
* 16 matches and one goal for Austrian national football team: 1913–1923

**as manager:**

* 1× French cup 1935
* 1× Baltic Cup: 1930
* 1× Slowakian champion: 1941
This article is about the defunct American television production. For the company has a division called Saban Entertainment Group, see Saban Capital Group.
**Saban Entertainment, Inc.** (along with **Saban International**, currently operating **BVS Entertainment, Inc.**) was a worldwide-served independent American-Israel television production company formed in 1980 by Haim Saban and Shuki Levy (music and television producers) as "**Saban Productions**".

The company imported, dubbed, nd adapted several Japanese anime series, such as *Mapple Town*, *Noozies*, *Funky Fables*, *Samurai Pizza Cats*, and the first three *Digimon* series to North America and worldwide markets syndication, including both animation and live-action shows. Saban has also adaptaed various tokusatsu shows from Toei Company (by Koichi Sakamoto), featuring *Power Rangers* series (based on *Super Sentai* series), *Big Bad Beetle Borgs* (based on *Juukou B-Fighter*), *VR Troopers* (featuring elements of *Metal Hero* series like *Space Sheriff Shaider*, *Jikuu Senshi Spielban*, and *Metalder*), and *Masked Rider* (an original interpretation of using scenes from *Kamen Rider Black RX*).

Saban was involved in the co-production of French/American animated shows, created by Jean Chalopin for DIC Entertainment. Some of these early of 1980s co-productions were *Camp Candy*, *Ulysses 31*, *Jayce and the Wheeled Warriors* and *The Mysterious Cities of Gold* (the third of wich is a Japanese co-production).

And Saban has also distributed and provided for TV programs, like *The Super Mario Bros. Show!*, *The Legend of Zelda*, *Dragon Ball Z* and *Inspector Gadget*.

In 2002, Saban Entertainment was defunct and discontinued.
**Panchagarh** is a district located in the Rangpur Division of northern Bangladesh. Established as a district on February 1, 1984, it is the northernmost district in the country. The district spans an area of 1,404.62 km² and is bounded on three sides by the Indian border, with Darjeeling district to the north, Jalpaiguri and Cooch Behar districts to the northeast, Uttar Dinajpur to the west, Dinajpur and Thakurgaon districts to the south, and Nilphamari district to the east.

History
-------

Panchagarh has two main beliefs about how it received its name. The first is that it was named after an area called Pancha Nagari in the kingdom of Pundu Nagar, and the second is that it was named after the five forts (garh) in the region, including Bhitargarh, Hosaingarh, Mirgarh, Rajangarh, and Devengarh.

Administrative Area
-------------------

The district was part of the Jalpaiguri district during the British Raj in undivided Bengal. In 1911, Jalpaiguri was fully established as a thana, and the headquarters of the Jalpaiguri thana was situated in Jagdal upazila of the current Panchagarh district. The thana was later relocated to the bank of Karatoya River in its current position for environmental and transportation benefits.

Location
--------

Geographically, Panchagarh is located in the lower basin of the Himalayas and has highlands compared to the rest of Bangladesh. The soil composition is distinct, with rich sand and stones. The district consists of five upazilas, 43 unions, 420 mauzas, 825 villages, two paurashavas, 18 wards, and 64 mahallas. It has 16 rivers, including the Karatoya, Atrai, Teesta, Nagor, Mahananda, Tangon, Dahuk, Pathraj, Bhulli, Talma, Chawai, Kurum, Tirnoi, and Chilka. The length of the border between Bangladesh and India in Panchagarh is 286.87 km (178.25 mi), designed by Sir Cyril John Radcliffe in 1947.
***Parker Solar Probe*** is a NASA robotic space probe heading towards the outer corona of the Sun. It will reach to within 8.86 solar radii (6.2 million kilometers or 3.85 million miles) from the "surface" of the Sun and is currently the fastest spacecraft ever built and will travel, at closest approach, as fast as 700,000 km/h (430,000 mph).

Overview
--------

It was launched on August 12, 2018. This was the first time a NASA spacecraft was named after a living person, honoring physicist Eugene Parker.

A memory card having the names of over 1.1 million people was mounted on a plaque and installed below the spacecraft’s high-gain antenna on May 18, 2018.

The card also contains photos of Parker, professor emeritus at the University of Chicago, and a copy of his 1958 scientific paper.

Special Material Technology
---------------------------

Because of how close the probe will be to the Sun, it will experience very high temperatures. To make sure that the probe is not damaged by the hot environment, engineers had to design a special shield to protect the sensitive components on the probe. The shield is made up of five layers. The outermost layer is a white ceramic layer which reflects away the Sun's rays. By reflecting the rays away, it prevents the shield from heating up too much. The second layer is a barrier layer which connects the ceramic layer to the middle layer. The middle layer is a carbon-carbon sheet which is very light and strong. This helps keep the shield in one piece. The fourth layer is a carbon foam which is very light and does not conduct heat well. This again helps with keeping the temperature low. The fifth and final layer is a second carbon sheet which makes the entire shield rigid enough for spaceflight.

Since the probe was launched from a rocket, it was very important to minimize its weight. If it was too heavy, the rocket would not be able to launch it far enough to complete its mission. Because of the well engineered materials in the shield, the entire shield only weighs 73 kg. That is about the same weight as an average adult human.
Eyjafjallajökull in March 2006, viewed from a recreation area on the Sólheimajökull, a glacier on the Katla volcano
**Eyjafjallajökull** (pronounced: "Ei-ya-fyat-LA-yer-kitle) is a volcano in Iceland. The name means "island-mountains glacier".

The south end of the mountain was once part of the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean. The sea gradually moved about 5km south. Now there are beautiful cliffs and waterfalls. 

The volcano erupted several times in 1821 and 1822. Some cattle and sheep died, presumably because of fluoride poisoning.

The 2010 eruption
-----------------

At Christmas 2009 the volcano started to show signs of being active again. On 27 March 2010, it started to erupt. On 14 April 2010, Eyjafjallajökull started to erupt heavily from the top crater in the bottom left of the glacier. This made meltwater floods rush down the nearby rivers. Many people had to be evacuated. Volcanic ash was thrown several kilometres into the atmosphere. The dust blew over northwest Europe on the 15th and 16th April 2010. It became very dangerous for aeroplanes to fly and so all commercial flights were stopped in most parts of northern Europe. This caused chaos for travellers, many of whom were trying to return home after their Easter vacation. The chaos continued for many days.

In Popular Culture
------------------

The volcano was featured in 2013's The Secret Life of Walter Mitty in a scene where Walter had to run from an eruption after pursuing Sean O'Connell to Iceland.

Related pages
-------------

* Glacier
* Volcano
***Daughter of the Forest*** is a fantasy novel by Juliet Marillier first published in 1999 It is based on "The Six Swans" (a story that has many versions, one of which is by the Brothers Grimm). A girl must sew six shirts from a painful plant in order to save her brothers from a witch's curse. She must not speak until the task is finished.

Plot summary
------------

Sorcha, the seventh child of Irish Lord Colum of Sevenwaters, has been raised by her six older brothers. Having lost her mother at birth, Sorcha is almost ignored by her father. Her father's new wife, the Lady Oonagh, attacks Sorcha and her brothers. Sorcha alone is able to flee into the forest and escape. Sorcha's brothers, however, have been turned into swans.

The story is a twist on the classic tale of "The Six Swans." Sorcha learns that if she can spin six shirts from a painful plant she can free her brothers from the spell. But she must not speak until the last one has been finished. Sorcha agrees to this and spends several years in the forest hiding as she works on the shirts.

After several years of hard work, Sorcha is saved from drowning by a British lord, Hugh of Harrowfield (known as "Red"). When Red returns to Britain, Sorcha accompanies him. Red believes that Sorcha knows something about his brother, Simon. Sorcha had nursed Simon back to health after his capture by Lord Colum. Sorcha stays with Red as she works on the shirts.

While in Britain, Sorcha finds a new danger in the form of Lord Richard, Red's uncle. Sorcha must fend off the attacks of Richard as she works to save her brothers.

Awards and nominations
----------------------

* Daughter of the Forest won the 2001 American Library Association Alex Award
* Daughter of the Forest was a finalist for the 2000 Aurealis Awards for Fantasy Novel

Outside websites
----------------

* *Daughter of the Forest* Archived 2008-03-25 at the Wayback Machine entry on official Juliet Marillier website
* Interview with Juliet Marillier Archived 2008-07-05 at the Wayback Machine at Slow Glass Books shortly after Daughter of the Forest was published.
* In-depth interview with Juliet Marillier at Writer Unboxed, where Juliet also blogs.
* Review of Daughter of the Forest by fantasy author Victoria Strauss
***Red Prophet*** (1988) is an alternate history/fantasy book by Orson Scott Card. It is the second book in Card's *The Tales of Alvin Maker* series and is about Alvin Miller, the seventh son of a seventh son. *Red Prophet* was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1988 and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1989.

Plot summary
------------

The second book in Card's *The Tales of Alvin Maker* series, *Red Prophet* is about Alvin Miller, the seventh son of a seventh son, which gives him magical powers; Lolla-Wossiky; Tenskwa-Tawa; and Ta-Kumsaw, Lolla-Wossiky's older brother.

It is a separate story, but the book continues and develops many of the themes shown in the first book. When Alvin Miller and his older brother Measure go to the place of his birth, where Alvin is supposed to become apprenticed to the Hattrack River blacksmith, the two brothers are captured by "Reds" (Native Americans) and are brought into a plot with the possibilities to affect the entire future of America.

Other websites
--------------

* About the novel *Red Prophet* from Card's website
***Prentice Alvin*** (1989) is an alternate history and fantasy book that was written by Orson Scott Card. It is the third book in Card's *The Tales of Alvin Maker* series and is about Alvin Miller, the seventh son of a seventh son (this gives him magical powers). *Prentice Alvin* was considered for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1989 and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1990.

Plot summary
------------

After being released from his time with Ta-Kumsaw, an Indian leader who taught Alvin the ways of Indian people, Alvin sets out to start his apprenticeship as a Smith in the town in which he was born.

While there he meets a young half-black boy by the name of Arthur Stuart, the son of a slave and a slaveowner who has been taken in by the owners of the town's guesthouse.

Another new friend comes in the form of Miss Peggy Larner, who he later finds out that she is the "torch" who helped him to be born so many years ago, and he has been linked to her since that day.

Eventually, Alvin is forced into helping Arthur to escape from some slavehunters, which requires him to change Arthur's DNA enough to prevent the hunters fromage using their "knacks" (special powers) to find him. Alvin also creates a plow of living gold, which is bestowed with magic, as his journeyman works to release himself from his apprenticeship as a Smith and also as a Maker.

The story ends with Alvin and Arthur leaving the town and going back to Alvin's home in the west.

Other websites
--------------

* About the novel *Prentice Alvin* from Card's website
***The World According to Novikoff*** (Russian: Мир по Новикову) is a thriller novel by Russian writer Andrei Gusev, published in 2006.

Plot
----

The novel covers the time period from nineties of the last century to zero years of the present century. We can see a wide panorama of life in Russia. The life of an ordinary man in modern Russia describes in the novel. At the same time *The World According to Novikoff* is a thriller novel which focuses on a plot to use nuclear materials by Islamic terrorists in Moscow.

The main character, Victor Novikoff is a painter. He works in "The New literary newspaper" in Moscow; later he works as an editor in the Russian Agency "Interteleks", which is easily guessed "Interfax". The last place of Victor Novikoff’ work is Trell publisher, which very similar to famous publishing Astrel, AST group from Moscow. He works here as a literary editor and he receives a manuscript in which the plot of Islamic terrorist acts describes. He must decide what to do with it. From him it depends largely: whether this manuscript will be accepted for publication as a literary story.

Literary features
-----------------

*The World According to Novikoff* is a novel with a non-linear storyline. The angle of view combines all four parts of this novel: two points of view — male and female — on the same vital conflict, moral problems, erotic transactions.

From an other side this novel is a mixt of thriller and fantasy. At the cover of the book we can read: *"All the characters of this book, including famous politicians, are a figment of the imagination of the author. If you find some convergence with the Russian reality, then so much the worse for last".*

"After reading the book *The World According to Novikoff* by Andrei Gusev, I'm quite certain that it simply must be done bedside book each President to know how not to do a history, how not to lead the country. Kudos to Herostratus, destroyed one of the seven wonders of the world — the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, this is not the kind of Fame, to which we should aspire". — *Irina Gorunova* 

Because of political reasons this novel was removed from some Russian literary portals.

Other websites
--------------

* Сто лет со дня рождения – the main part of the thriller novel *The World According to Novikoff* in Wikisource (in Russian)
* Мир по Новикову (book's cover)
* Гусев А.Е. [in Russian] (2006). *Мир по Новикову (*The World According to Novikoff*)*. М.: Вест-Консалтинг. p. 384. ISBN 978-5-903321-02-5.
**Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov** is the "hero" of Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel, *The Brothers Karamazov*. He is also called Alyosha, Alyoshka, Alyoshenka, Alyoshechka, Alexeichik, Lyosha, and Lyoshenka. He is the youngest of the Karamazov brothers, being "then only twenty (his brother Ivan was twenty-three and their older brother, Dmitry, twenty-seven)". The author's preface and first chapters declare that he is the novel's hero.

Description
-----------

Alyosha is physically described as:

> The reader may imagine, perhaps, that my young man was sickly, exalte, an undersized (small), puny (thin), pale, and consumptive dreamer. Just the opposite was true: Alyosha was then the picture of health, a sturdy (strong), red-cheeked, clear-eyeed nineteen-year-old boy. He was very handsome, too, and slender, above average height, with dark-brown hair, a regular although rather long face, and shiny dark-gray wide-set eyes, which gave a thoughtful and serene (calm) look.
> 
> — Dostoevsky, from *The Brothers Karamazov*, Book I, Chapter Five, p.32

His personality is remarkably unselfish, extremely mature in his religious faith, sensitive to other people's feelings, and loving - "he certainly loved people: throughout his life he seemed to believe in people and to trust them, and yet no one ever thought him simple-minded or naive. There was something in him (and it stayed with him all his life) that made people realize that he refused to sit in judgment on others, that he felt he had no right to, and that, whatever happened, he would never condemn anyone." He passes on the influence of Zosima to the "younger generation" (the schoolboys) of the town. Even with all his kind goodness, he has a gentle personality that makes almost everybody love him and feel comfortable around him. Proud young Kolya Krasotkin says that the best thing about Alyosha is that he treats him like "an equal".

Criticism
---------

Anna-Theresa Tymieniecka says that Alyosha, like Prince Myshkin, the protagonist in another Dostoevsky novel, *The Idiot*, are almost Jesus-like characters, who are, however, unable to stop the greatest suffering of those around them. She suggests that Alyosha is too calm, and does not do much action in the events of the novel.

Rufus W. Mathewson, however, argues that Alyosha Karamazov is a more successful positive hero than Prince Myshkin. He argues that Alyosha's most impressive success as helping Dmitri. He describes Alyosha as using forgiveness, kindness and natural justice, rather than trying to change people.

Inspiration
-----------

It is probable that Dostoevsky used his friend Vladimir Solovyov's character for Alyosha. Vladimir Solovyov was a Russian poet and philosopher who was very generous, even giving away his clothes to people in the street.
**Miriam Naor** (October 26, 1947 – January 24, 2022) was an Israeli judge. She was President of the Supreme Court of Israel. She was in that position from 2015 to 2017.

Biography
---------

Naor was born in Jerusalem. She served in the IDF as a soldier-teacher. 

Naor married Arye Naor, who was a governments secretary in Menachem Begin's government. In 1972 she began working at the state attorney's office, and was later promoted to the position of the state's senior attorney. At the same time, she worked as a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1980, she was appointed to be a judge in Jerusalem and in 1989 was promoted to the district court.

In 2001 she began serving as a judge on the Supreme Court of Israel. In 2012, the judge electing panel chose her to the position of vice-president of the Supreme Court, and in 2015 she became its President. Throughout the years as a judge, Naor was in-charge of important cases and rulings in all court levels. She retired from the position in October 2017 after reaching the retirement age. 

In October 2018, she became the President of the Zionist Supreme Court of the World Zionist Organization.

Naor died on January 24, 2022 in Jerusalem from cardiac arrest, aged 74.
**With Chronos’ Permit** (Russian: С мандатом Хроноса) is a novel by Russian writer Andrei Gusev, published in 1995.

Plot
----

Perestroika started in 1986. That was a period of restructuring in the Soviet Union. Hundreds of scientific workers are no longer needed. The main character of the novel is Ivan Zhuravlev and he is one of such unclaimed experts. He is looking for a new application. From the prestigious physics Zhuravlev goes in for journalism. Later, he uses journalistic contacts and comes in connection with an entrepreneur Boris Iossifovich Sytin. Zhuravlev calls him Ossi. Ossi is a chief of the "Chronos" company. Ossi convinces Zhuravlev to involve in the deal to resell to the West of rare metal osmium. This affair ends tragically for Ivan Zhuravlev – he dies because of the intentional air crash.

Love to the girl was the best in the short life of Ivan Zhuravlev. Her name is Nastia. In their relationship something is from the famous movies by Claude Lelouch, who always glorifies man and woman created for each other.

Features
--------

This novel is a mix of a thriller and crime story. Some parts of the novel have a mystical component.

Other websites
--------------

* Russian Wikiquote has the article *С мандатом Хроноса* *(With Chronos’ Permit).*
Demonstration in Paris against nuclear weapons testing, 1995
Demonstration in Dublin against attacks on civilians in Gaza, 2014
**Nonviolence** is a philosophy that rejects the use of physical violence. People who practice nonviolence when expressing their beliefs may use methods like education, persuasion, civil disobedience, and conscientious objection to military service. 
A demonstration by a group of people in a public place, to show their support or to protest, is permitted on the condition that it remain nonviolent. Sometimes the demonstrators are nonviolent but other people who oppose them will come to the demonstration and behave violently to show their opposition.

Some religious movements, such as the Society of Friends (Quakers) and Jainism with Ahimsa, are known for the practice of nonviolence. There are people who adopt nonviolence in midlife, such as St. Francis of Assisi. 

People who eat a vegetarian or vegan diet, and those who support animal rights, usually oppose any violence by humans against animals.

Famous leaders who practiced nonviolence
----------------------------------------

* Mahatma Gandhi
* Martin Luther King, Jr.

Related page
------------

* Anti-war movement
* Pacifism
* Peace
* Satyagraha
**Henryk Goldszmit**, better known by his pseudonym **Janusz Korczak** (c. 22 July 1878 or 1879 – unknown) was a Polish-born Jewish orphanage director and writer. He is also known by his nicknames *Pan Doktor* ("*Mr. Doctor*") and/or *Stary Doktor* ("*Old Doctor*").

Biography
---------

### Early life

Janusz Korczak was born as Henyrk Goldszmit on or c. 22 July 1878 or 1879. His birth certificate was never discovered (or it does not exist) so his precise birth date is undetermined. His father Jósef Goldszmit was a respected lawyer. Korczak's father Jósef died in a mental hospital on (1896-04-25)25 April 1896, after being admitted there c. six years earlier.

His well-pouplar act of courage and loyalty in the Warsaw Ghetto
----------------------------------------------------------------

The Second Polish Republic had been annexed by Nazi Germany beginning on 6 October 1939. In October 1940, a ghetto meant to imprison Jews was established in Warsaw, and all of the Jews from Warsaw, including Korczak and the children from his orphanage, lived there. A new orphanage was built for the children in the ghetto. The deportation of Jews from the ghetto began on 22 July 1942. On 5 or 6 August 1942 in the Warsaw Ghetto, Germans came to collect tne orphans from Korczak's orphanage and staff members from the orphanage in order to transport them to Treblinka extermination camp, while Korczak had been offered a job in the ghetto. In a well-popular act of both courage and loyalty, Korczak courageously refused the offer and wanted to board the train with the children from his orphanage, and told the German officers: 

> You do not leave a sick child [alone] in the night, and you do not leave children [alone] at a time like this.
> 
> 

 The children were dressed in their best clothing, and each carried a blue-colored backpack and a favorite book or toy. On the journey to the train station, one of the Schutzstaffel officers recognized Korczak as the writer of one of his favorite books. The officer offered Korczak to help him escape. But Korczak still refused. So, Korczak ended up boarding the train with the children and staff members to the Treblinka extermination camp. This act of courage and loyalty, is what made Korczak very famous and popular in the modern-day world.

Death
-----

Though his death date is unknown, Janusz Korczak most likely died in the Treblinka extermination camp in August 1942, along with the children and staff members from his orphanage.
***Jane Eyre*** is a novel written by Charlotte Brontë. It was published in 1847 in England. It is Charlotte Brontë's most famous book.

Background
----------

Around this time, Charlotte was beginning to suffer a painful toothache, which made many of her teeth fall out. She was even more worried about her father's blindness. On 19 August 1846, Charlotte went to Manchester with her father to see an eye surgeon, William James Wilson. Wilson performed the operation on 25 August. The next day, Charlotte described it to her friend Ellen in a letter. Wilson had been helped by two other surgeons. The operation had taken about 15 minutes. Charlotte wrote, "Papa is now confined to his bed in a dark room and is not to be stirred for four days - He is to speak and to be spoken to as little as possible". "Depressed and weary (tired)", Charlotte began writing *Jane Eyre*.

Charlotte did not have good eyes, so she wrote in little square books that she held close to her eyes. She wrote the first copy in pencil. When she left Manchester to go back home, she took the book with her and continued writing.

Plot
----

*Jane Eyre* is a love story. It tells about a young woman called Jane Eyre who was an orphan and goes to teach a girl named Adele Varens in a far-away house. The master of the house is Mr. Rochester. Jane and Mr. Rochester fall in love, but Jane is horrified when she finds out Mr. Rochester is already married to a crazy woman. She leaves the house, believing that marrying him would now be the same as adultery and that she would be his mistress, not his wife. When she goes away, she becomes sick and almost dies. Three people, Diana, Mary, and St. John Rivers, find her and let her live with them. There, she becomes a teacher and finds out that they are her cousins. She is very happy until St. John wants her to marry him and be a missionary with him. She knows that he does not really love her and thinks she is simply useful, so she says no. However, he continues to ask her, and she is finally almost persuaded that it is her duty to marry him when she hears Mr. Rochester crying, "Jane! Jane!" She feels that something has happened to him, and quickly goes back to see him. His crazy wife had set his house on fire and died in it. Mr. Rochester, because of the fire, had become blind and wounded. Jane, now that his wife is dead, is happy to marry him, and they get married and have a son.

Famous sentence
---------------

The novel begins the last chapter with one of the most famous lines in English literature:

"*Reader, I married him*".

The active voice was revolutionary for its time.

Other books by Charlotte Brontë
-------------------------------

* Villette
* Shirley
The **Eleventh Amendment** (**Amendment XI**) to the United States Constitution was passed by Congress on March 4, 1794 and ratified by the states on February 7, 1795. It deals with each state's sovereign immunity and was adopted to overrule the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in *Chisholm v. Georgia*.

Text
----

> The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.
> 
>

Lawsuits against states
-----------------------

The idea of sovereign immunity originated in English common law. It was also proposed by political theorists like Thomas Hobbes and Jean Bodin. The founding fathers of the Constitution were aware of the traditional doctrine that states were immune from private lawsuits. Several Anti-Federalists were afraid that Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution, which declares that the federal judicial power extends to suits "between a State and Citizens of another State", would override that doctrine.

The Eleventh Amendment was a direct reaction to an unpopular ruling by the Supreme Court in *Chisholm v. Georgia* (1793). In *Chisholm* the Court said federal courts had the power to hear lawsuits brought by citizens against US states. Also, that states were not immune to these cases. The Eleventh Amendment reversed this decision and does not allow cases brought against a state by a citizen of another state or country. It says nothing about a citizen bringing a suit against their own state.

In *Ex parte Young*, the Supreme Court decision allowed suits in federal courts against officials acting on behalf of states of the union to proceed despite the State's sovereign immunity, when the State acted unconstitutionally.

The Eleventh Amendment is one of five amendments that overturned earlier Supreme Court decisions.

Other websites
--------------

* Eleventh Amendment Limitations on Federal Power
The Ven. **Thomas Hooton Michael Dix** (7 April 1908 – 1985) was Archdeacon of Zanzibar and Priest in Charge of Christ Church Cathedral, Zanzibar between 1954 and 1959. In 1970 he was made Hon. Canon of St Albans Cathedral and, in 1974, Canon (Emeritus) of St Albans Cathedral.

Life
----

Thomas Hooton Michael Dix was born on the 7th of April 1908. He was the elder son of Mr and Mrs A. Dix of Oakhaven, in Harrold, Bedfordshire. He was educated at Bedford Modern School between 1920 and 1926, and was a regular prizewinner in the organ classes at the Bedfordshire Music Festival. After school he attended King’s College, London, and on graduation he became a school teacher in Hendon while also attaining the Associateship Diploma (ARCO) at the Royal College of Organists in 1934. He later returned to King’s College, London to study theology and, in 1940, attended the Bishops’ College, Cheshunt.

Following his theological studies, Dix became a curate at St Saviour’s, St Albans and was ordained as a deacon in 1940 and as a priest in 1941. In 1943 he joined the Universities' Mission to Central Africa and was sent to the Zanzibar Diocese where he served as Priest in Charge of Msalabani (1944-51) and as a missionary in Tanga (1951-54). In 1954, Dix was appointed Archdeacon of Zanzibar and Priest in Charge of Christ Church Cathedral, Zanzibar. He conducted a service during an official visit to Zanzibar by Princess Margaret on October 7, 1956.

After his tenure in Zanzibar, Dix was appointed Vicar of Harrold, Bedfordshire (1959-63), concurrently acting as Curate in Charge of Carlton with Chillington and as Rural Dean of Felmersham (1962-63). In 1963 he was made Vicar of Flamstead in Hertfordshire, a position he held until 1974.

In 1970, Dix was appointed Hon. Canon of St Albans Cathedral and Canon (Emeritus) of St Albans Cathedral in 1974. He died in Hove, West Sussex, in 1985.
Darius Milhaud
**Darius Milhaud** (pronounced "DAR-yus MEE-oh") (born Marseille, 4 September 1892; died Geneva 22 June 1974) was a French composer. He was a member of the group called *Les Six*. He is one of the most important French composers of the 20th century. He wrote more than 400 compositions. His music is often influenced by jazz and polytonality (music in more than one key at once).

Life
----

Milhaud's family were Jewish. He grew up in Aix-en-Provence. His father was an almond dealer. When he was very small he often listened to the songs that were being sung by the women who were sorting out the nuts. They were folksongs from the Provence. When he was a young man he liked to go for walks in the Provence country. This was an important part of his life.

Milhaud's parents liked music. His father was a pianist and often played at local music gatherings. His mother had a nice contralto voice. When he was seven he learned to play the violin. He loved the music of Claude Debussy, whom he met once. 

Milhaud studied in Paris at the Paris Conservatory where he met Arthur Honegger and Germaine Tailleferre who were also to become members of Les Six. He studied composition under Charles-Marie Widor and harmony and counterpoint with André Gédalge. He also studied privately with Vincent d'Indy. He taught himself to play the piano. In Paris he was able to listen to music by a lot of great composers.

He was terribly sad when a close friend was killed in World War I. He decided to go to Brazil. He worked there for nearly two years, deciphering codes. He liked the sounds of the jungle. These sounds were to have an impact on his music. The other great influence was jazz, which he heard in 1922 in New York.

Milhaud returned to France and worked very hard. He often travelled. In 1940 he had to emigrate to the United States because the Nazis were arresting Jewish musicians. In America he gave lectures.

His health became poor. He had rheumatoid arthritis for nearly all his adult life, and by 1948 he was in a wheelchair. He still continued to travel, and to teach, for as long as possible. Probably his most famous student was Dave Brubeck.

In 1925 Milhaud married his cousin, an actress called Madeleine Milhaud. She often performed speaking parts in her husband's musical works. In his final years, she devoted herself to looking after him. She died in Paris on 17 January 2008 at the age of 105.

His works
---------

Milhaud's most popular works include *Le Boeuf sur le Toit* (ballet), *La création du monde* (a ballet for small orchestra with solo saxophone, influenced by jazz), *Scaramouche* (for Saxophone and Orchestra, also for two pianos), and *Saudades do Brazil* (dance suite). His autobiography is called *Notes Sans Musique* (*Notes Without Music*), later rewritten as *Ma Vie Heureuse* (*My Happy Life*).
**Thomas Becket** was an English priest, and Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in Canterbury Cathedral in 1170. People used to think his name was *Thomas á Becket*, but it is now known to be wrong.

Becket was born in Cheapside, London. He was an intelligent child, who also enjoyed playing sports and hunting. At age 16, he left England to study in Paris.

In 1143, Becket joined the household of Theobald of Bec, as a clerk. He became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1162. He had been a close friend of King Henry II, but they argued about the rights of the Church. This argument between Henry and Becket ended their friendship. Becket resigned as Lord Chancellor and sought to extend the rights of the archbishopric. This led to a series of conflicts with the King. One was on the jurisdiction of secular courts over English clergymen. 

Stained glass window of Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral
Attempts by Henry to influence the other bishops against Becket began in Westminster in October 1163. The King sought approval of the traditional rights of the royal government over the church. Henry held a meeting with most of the higher English clergy at Clarendon Palace on 30 January 1164. Becket was officially asked to agree to the King's rights.

Henry summoned Becket to appear before a great council at Northampton Castle on 8 October 1164, to answer allegations. Convicted on the charges, Becket stormed out of the trial and fled to Europe. King Louis VII of France offered Becket protection. He spent nearly two years in the Cistercian abbey of Pontigny, until Henry's threats made him return to Sens.

Beckett returned to England, but the dispute continued. He excommunicated his enemies in the Church, and threatened to do the same to Henry. 

Upon hearing reports of Becket's actions, Henry said things which were understood as wishing Becket killed. The king's exact words are unknown and several versions have been reported. The most commonly quoted, as handed down by oral tradition, is "Who will rid me of this troublesome priest?".

Becket was killed by four of the King's knights on 29 December 1170. He became a saint in 1173. His major shrine is in Canterbury, but was destroyed by order of Henry VIII during his reign.
Iceland Clydebank
**Iceland Foods Ltd**, trading as **Iceland**, is a British supermarket chain. Its main office is in Deeside, Wales. It mainly sells frozen foods, including prepared meals and vegetables, alongside non-frozen grocery items such as produce, meat, dairy and dry goods. The company also operates a chain of shops called The Food Warehouse.

It started in 1970, when Malcolm Walker opened the first store in Leg Street, Oswestry, Shropshire, England. By 1978 the company had 28 stores.

Iceland Foods' holding company was renamed the Big Food Group in February 2002,

In 2009 it closed its household equipment showrooms and concentrated on food retailing. In 2013, the firm began selling eqipment online again in partnership with DRL Limited. In May 2014, the firm reintroduced online shopping, which had been dropped in 2007. By 2019 it had 942 stores. 

The government of Iceland complained about the company trademarking the name of their country, and of "harass[ing] Icelandic companies and even the Icelandic tourism board" by pursuing legal action against Icelandic companies which use the name of their country in their trading names. They complained to the European Union Intellectual Property Office. In 2019 the office decided that the company could not register a trademark for the sole use of the word "Iceland" within the European Union.
**Washiqur Rahman** (Bengali: ওয়াশিকুর রহমান বাবু) (c. 1988 - March 30, 2015) was a Bangladeshi blogger. He was hacked to death by two men with meat cleavers in Dhaka, Bangladesh, after he wrote blog posts critical of Islam.

Washiqur Rahman, also spelled Oyasiqur Rhaman, was part of the 2013 Shabag movement, which called for the death penalty for Islamists for war crimes during the 1971 war for independence from Pakistan.

Rahman used the pen name Kucchit Hasher Channa, or Ugly Duckling. Two students from an Islamic school were arrested by police. The two said they didn't know about Rahman's writing and they didn't know anything about blogs. Someone told them to kill Rahman as a religious duty. One of the attackers traveled from Chittagong and stayed overnight at a mosque. The other attacker was from an Islamic school in Dhaka. Rahman had a page on Facebook that said "I am Avijit", meaning he was a supporter of Avijit Roy, a Bangladeshi-American blogger who was killed a month earlier.

On July 20, 2016, a Dhaka court indicted five people for the killing. Police believed they were members of the banned militant group Ansarullah Bangla Team.

Other websites
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On Facebook
**Alexander Valterovich Litvinenko** (30 August  or 4 December  1962 – 23 November 2006) was a lieutenant-colonel in the Russian Security Service. Later he was a dissident and writer who was later poisoned and killed in 2006.

In September 2021, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that Russia was responsible for Litvinenko's poisoning.

Background
----------

Litvinenko worked for the KGB and the FSB through the 1980s and 1990s. Later, he accused his bosses of planning to assassinate Russian billionaire Boris Berezovsky. As a result, he was arrested, but later released by Russian authorities. Afterwards, he fled to the United Kingdom and was given British citizenship.

While he was in Russia, Litvinenko tried to publish a book in which he said President Vladimir Putin rose to power with help of the FSB. He said the FSB tried to cover this up by frightening Russians by bombing apartment buildings in Moscow. He said the FSB then pinned the blame on terrorists operating from Chechnya.

On 1 November 2006, Litvinenko suddenly became sick and was hospitalized. He died in London three weeks later, as a result of poisoining by polonium-210. The news of his death spread around the world, and many felt the poisoning was done by the Russian government. Vladimir Putin and Kremlin spokesmen have repeatedly denied this, and many new leads have been taken upon during the case. Although there are some suspects and theories in the murder, no official arrest has been made yet.

How the poison works
--------------------

Unlike most common radiation sources, polonium-210 emits only alpha particles. These do not penetrate even a sheet of paper or human skin. Thus they are invisible to normal radiation detectors. Hospitals only have equipment to detect gamma rays. Both gamma rays and alpha particles are classified as ionizing radiation, and can cause radiation sickness.

An alpha-emitting substance can cause damage only if taken in (as food or drink) or inhaled (breathed in). It acts on living cells like a short-range weapon.p327 Litvinenko was tested for alpha-emitters using special equipment only hours before his death.

Related pages
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* Boris Berezovsky
*Zea mays "fraise"*
**Maize** or Indian corn (called **corn** in some countries) is *Zea mays*, a member of the grass family *Poaceae*. It is a cereal grain which was first grown by people in ancient Central America. Approximately 1 billion tonnes are harvested every year. However, little of this maize is eaten directly by humans. Most is used to make corn ethanol, animal feed and other maize products, such as corn starch and corn syrup.

Maize is a leafy stalk whose kernels have seeds inside. It is an angiosperm, which means that its seeds are enclosed inside a fruit or shell. It is has long been a staple food by many people in Mexico, Central and South America and parts of Africa. In Europe and the rest of North America, maize is grown mostly for use as animal feed. In Canada and the United States, maize is commonly referred to as "corn". 

Centuries of cross breeding have produced larger plants, and specialized varieties. Corn has become an important ingredient in American foods through the use of corn starch. People have long eaten sweet corn and popcorn with little processing, and other kinds after processing into flour for making cornbread, tortillas, and other artificial foods.

Maize has been a fruitful model organism for research in genetics for many years: see Barbara McClintock. Research has shown that artificial selection developed maize from a Mexican plant called Teosinte.

The genus *Zea*
---------------

There are five species and many subspecies in the genus. They are all plants similar to the cultivated maize, with less developed cobs. The wild ones are sometimes called teosintes, and they are all native to Mesoamerica.
**Roko Šimić** (born 10 September 2003) is a Croatian professional footballer. He plays as forward for 2. Liga side FC Liefering, on loan from Red Bull Salzburg. He also plays for the FC Salzburg U19 team in the 2021-22 UEFA Youth league

Career
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He started his career with the youth teams of Dinamo Zagreb, Kustošija and Lokomotiva Zagreb. He made his senior debut for Lokomotiva in August 2020. In the 2020-21 season he made 25 matches and 3 goals for Lokomotiva. In July 2021 Šimić signed a contract with the Austrian side FC Red Bull Salzburg.  With €4 million it was Lokomotiva's most expensive transfer.

He went on loan to FC Liefering and made his debut in August 2021 versus St. Pölten. He came in in the 46th minute and scored his first goal within his first minute. On 20 October 2021 he made his senior team and Champions League debut. He came in for Noah Okafor in the 87th minute of the 3–1 victory over VfL Wolfsburg. Four days later, he made his league debut for the senior team, replacing Karim Adeyemi in the 87th minute of the 4–1 victory over Sturm Graz. For the 2022/23 season he went on loan to FC Zürich.

National team
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Roko Šimić played in all Croatian youth teams. At the moment he plays for the U21 team.

Personal life
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Roko is the son of Dario Šimić, a former Croatian footballer. He was born in Milan, Italy where his father playedd for AC Milan. He has three brothers, Viktor, Nikolas and David. David suffers from Down syndrome.

Honours
-------

**Red Bull Salzburg**

* Austrian Bundesliga: 2022
* Austrian Cup: 2022
**Cthulhu** is a fictional deity created by the horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. Cthulhu is a powerful monster from another planet. It (Cthulhu is neither male nor female) is very ancient compared to humans, being around since the dinosaurs. It has the alien appearance of a large green dragon with the head of an octopus and human-like hands. There are said to be many people who worship it as their deity because of their powers over the mind.

Cthulhu is one of the Great Old Ones, a group of powerful beings from another place that now inhabit Earth, waiting to rise up (when the stars are right) and destroy the human race so they can rule the planet. The Old Ones are neither good nor evil, meaning that they do not hate humans, they just do not care about them. They think of humans as if they could be ants. Also, their appearance is so unlike anything of this world, that it is said that any human who so much as gazes upon one of them will go insane.

In one of Lovecraft's stories, *The Call of Cthulhu*, he said that Cthulhu currently lies in a dreamlike state in the underwater sunken city of R'lyeh (rill-ee-yeh), waiting for the time when the Old Ones shall rise again. In the story, R'lyeh is located in the southern Pacific Ocean.
***Everything Will Be Okay, We're All Going to Die!*** (Russian: Всё будет хорошо, мы все умрём!) is a novel by Russian writer Sergei Aman, published in 2018.

Plot
----

The hero of the novel is the philosopher Alexei Krutorogov. He is unemployed and forced to get money for a living, working as a taxi driver. They are called bombers *(bombila)* in Russia. In the novel he talks about time, about the insignificance of everyday vanity and about absurdity as the basis of Russian life.

Literary features
-----------------

*Everything Will Be Okay, We're All Going to Die!* is a novel with a non-linear storyline. The novel covers the time period from the nineties of the last century to the tenth years of the present century. The novel is based on reliable facts. The style of the novel is postmodernism. The epigraph to the novel is a phrase from the book "The World According to Novikoff" by the Moscow writer Andrei Gusev. Sergei Aman's novel and Andrei Gusev's book combines a world-view approach.