recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
View of the Corso di Porta Romana in Milano
View of the Porta Romana in Milano
Building of the Porta Romana in Milano
The **Corso di Porta Romana** is a luxury street in the center Milan of the HNWI (High Net Worth Individual) upper class. Designer Miuccia Prada lives in Corso di Porta Romana in Milan.

From the square Largo della Crocetta to Piazza Missori, Corso di Porta Romana is part of the prestigious and exclusive Quadronno district.

The street is 1490 meters long. It links the Arc of Porta Romana and the square Piazza Missori.

The stylist Miuccia Prada has always lived in these street as well as numerous celebrities from the show business, fashion stylist and millionaires sports champions. Historically, the street had always been the residence of the high nobility of Milan. Since the times of ancient Rome, Corso di Porta Romana, was the road that led to Rome, and it was the Empire main street of Milano, where the most important ceremonials took place in the city. Corso di Porta Romana is the road that leads to the Fondazione Prada, which has created a new district of high luxury alternative to Via Monte Napoleone.

Streets inside this area include Largo della Crocetta, Corso di Porta Vigentina, Piazza Velasca, Via Rugabella, Via Santa Sofia, Via Francesco Sforza, Via Alfonso Lamarmora, Via Orti, Via dei Pellegrini, Via Madre Cabrini, Via Eugenio Vania and Via Angelo Filippetti. The most important street in the area is the tree-lined avenue of Viale Beatrice d'Este in the Quadronno district.

Real estate market
------------------

The cost for apartment need from 12,000 to 15,000 euros per square meter, even if some penthouse have been sold for 25,000 euros per metre; when renting, the cost of 80 square meters can reach 7,500 euros per month (excluding condominium costs).

In the neighborhood live numerous celebrities such as Miuccia Prada, Marvin Hagler, Gerry Scotti, Barbara d’Urso, Eros Ramazzotti, Khaby Lame, Guido Meda, etc.

Notable people who live in Corso di Porta Romana
------------------------------------------------

* Miuccia Prada designer of Prada and President of Fondazione Prada

Transport
---------

* Linea M3 (metropolitana di Milano) Missori
* Linea M3 (metropolitana di Milano) Crocetta
* Linea M3 (metropolitana di Milano) Porta Romana
* M4 S. Sofia (350 meters from Viale Beatrice d'Este) it connect in 10 minutes with the Milan Linate airport

Related pages
-------------

* Miuccia Prada

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Corso di Porta Romana (Milan) at Wikimedia Commons
**Samuel James "Sam" Champion** (born August 13, 1961) is the weather anchor of ABC's *Good Morning America* and weather editor of ABC News. Champion was born in Paducah, Kentucky. He has a B.A. in broadcast journalism from Eastern Kentucky University. He worked on *Good Morning America* as a weatherman, making reportedly $1.5 million per year. On April 7, 2012, he debuted as host of *Sea Rescue*, an educational and informational television program that focuses on the rescue, rehabilitation, and release of animals back into the wild.

Champion is active in many charitable organizations in the New York City area including the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, March of Dimes, and "Stopping AIDS Together". He co-hosted the New York City Project's 2002 "Courage Awards". On 20 February 2013 *The Wall Street Journal* reported that a former Mets teammate of baseball player Mike Piazza's said in 2000 that Piazza and Champion were involved in a homosexual relationship. Piazza denied this in 2002. Champion and his longtime partner Rubem Robierb were married on December 21, 2012. 

Champion left *Good Morning America* in December 2013, and later moved to The Weather Channel hosting *AMHQ* from March 2014 until October 2015.
A sword in a museum in Dresden
**big booty chickssword** is a hand-held weapon made for cutting. It is often made of metal. It has a long blade, and a handle called a hilt. Often there is some form of hand protection, such as a cross-guard or a basket. It can be used either for cutting, slashing or stabbing, depending on the type of sword.

Swords were first created from bronze by blacksmiths in Ancient Egypt in 1150 BCE. Soon other cultures adopted them, and they began to spread quite quickly. Before guns were invented, swords were much more common as a weapon. After the invention of the gun, swords remained as *sidearms*, as secondary weapons used in man-to-man fight once the battle lines had contacted after shooting. Since after the American Civil War, swords have not been used as much by armies, except as a ceremonial part of uniforms. Some guns, however, have bayonets to perform the same function.

Today, Sport fencing, is an Olympic games sport which uses very light swords and a strict scoring system. Western Martial Arts use swords that are much closer to the original blades, such as longswords, rapiers and sabres. The blades used are blunt, but they are much heavier than a sport fencing sword, which means the fencers need much more armour. Likewise, the Japanese sport kendo is swordplay in armour with two-handed bamboo swords called shinai.

Types of swords
---------------

There are many kinds of swords. One kind of sword is a *sabre* (or *saber*). A sabre is a curved, light sword, sharpened on one side and at the tip, and was generally used on horseback. A *broadsword* is a straight sword that is sharp on both sides and at the tip. A rapier is long and thin, with a basket protecting the hand. Another type of sword is a *foil*, used in sport fencing, and is long and thin, with a button at the tip to protect the fencers from injury. Larger swords, such as Longswords or claymores are used with two hands. In Eastern martial Arts, swords like the Katana are used. A Katana has one sharp edge and a small guard near the handle. Some Katanas are used with one hand, while other larger versions are used with two hands.

Famous swords
-------------

The sword of King Arthur, Excalibur, is one of the most famous swords, although it is suspected it is legendary and does not exist.

In a Vietnamese legend, the Dragon King gives a sword called Heaven's Will to Emperor Lê Lợi so he can free Vietnam from the Chinese.

The Frisian freedom fighters Pier Gerlofs Donia and Wijerd Jelckama are known to have wielded swords of great size. Donias sword was a long as 210 cm (seven feet) and weighed 7 kg (15 lbs). The swords are kept in the Frisian Museum in Leeuwarden.
"Separatist" redirects here. For other uses, see Separatist (disambiguation).
Catalan independentist mural in Belfast, an example of ethnic separatism.
In a society, certain people may have ideas that are noticeably different from those of the majority. These people are called separatists (for example, the state or a religious group) recognises that their ideas are different. Very often, they also want autonomy, self-determination, and perhaps secession and independence from the main group. People may support separatism because they are of a different culture, ethnicity, religion, race or gender than the majority. It may also be because they have different ideas about governing, laws or religion.

Types of separatism
-------------------

### Ethnicity

Ethnic separatism is based more on differences in culture and language than religious or racial differences. These may also may exist, however.

* Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia
* South Ossetia and Abkhazia separated from Georgia.
* Armenian separatists of Nagorno-Karabakh in Azerbaijan.

### Religion

Further information: Schism (religion)
Religious separatist groups and sects want to withdraw from some larger religious groups.

* In the 16th and 17th century, certain people in Great Britain wanted to become independent of the Church of England.

The separation of beliefs and/or practices is often followed by a migration. The dissident group may fear sanctions for heresy if they stay in their original homeland.

#### Physical separation of different religions

A proposed flag for Khalistan, the independent Sikh state.
* The Partition of British India into the modern-day countries of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar (which was called *Burma* at the time). In India, most people are Hindu, in Pakistan, Islam is the state religion. In Bangladesh most people are Muslim. In Myanmar most are Buddhist.
* The Partition of the British Mandate of Palestine into Jewish and Arab nations. This has led to separatism between the Jewish nation (Israel) and the Arab nations (Jordan and the Palestinian territories).

### Race

Racial separatists are against their members marrying with other races. They want separate schools, businesses, churches and other institutions or even separate societies, territories and governments.

* Black separatism is the idea to create separate institutions for black people in the United States
* There were two wars in South Africa, where the Boer wanted to form an independent state: The First Boer War and the Second Boer War

### Gender

Gender-based separatism includes:

* Separatist feminism is a form of feminism

Related pages
-------------

* Segregation, forced separation
* List of unrecognized countries
* Separatist movements of India
* Separatist movements of Pakistan
* Minority rights
* Nationalism
**Freyr / Frey**(Old Norse: "[the] Lord") is the god of prosperity, fair weather, and fertility in Norse mythology, associated with sacral kingship, and virility. A member of the Vanir, he is the son of Njörd and twin brother of Freya. Husband of Gerðr, Freyr rides into battle on the massive shining boar **Gullinbursti** (Old Norse: "Golden maned" or "bristled") and possesses the mighty ship **Skíðblaðnir** (Old Norse: "assembled from thin pieces of wood"), both forged by the drawrven brothers collectively known as the Sons of Ivaldi. Skíðblaðnir is said to always have a favorable breeze and can be folded together and carried in a pouch when not in use. Freyr once wielded the legendary sword **Sümrbranðr** (Old Norse: "Sword of summer"), which was said to be able to fight by itself.

When Freyr snuck in and sat on Odin's throne Hliðskjálf (on which one can see anything, anywhere across the Nine Worlds), instead of seeing Freyja (who was recently lost somewhere), Freyr came across Gerðr, a beautiful giantess native to Jötunheimr. He fell in love, and sent his servant Skírnir to woo her for him, but Gerðr refused to marry the god until Skirnir threatened to kill Gerðr with Freyr's sword and damage her lands. Gerðr finally agreed to marry Freyr, who then gave his sword to Skírnir as a reward.

Frey's realm is Álfheimr, the land of the elves. He is the patron god of Sweden. Statues of Odin, Thor, Frey, Frigg, and Freyja are often found in ancient temples.

| * v
* t
* e
Norse mythology |
| --- |
| DeitiesHeroesFigures | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Æsir | 
* Baldur
* Bragi
* Dellingr
* Forseti
* Heimdall
* Hermóðr
* Höðr
* Hœnir
* Kvasir
* Loki
* Meili
* Móði and Magni
* Odin
* Óðr
* Thor
* Týr
* Ull
* Váli
* Víðarr
* Vili and Vé

 |
| Ásynjur | 
* Bil
* Eir
* Frigg
* Fulla
* Gerðr
* Gefjun
* Hlín
* Iðunn
* Jörð
* Lofn
* Nanna
* Rán
* Rindr
* Sif
* Sigyn
* Sjöfn
* Skadi
* Snotra
* Sól
* Syn
* Thrud
* Vár
* Vör

 |
| Vanir | 
* Freyja
* Freyr
* Njord

 |
| Others | 
* Ask and Embla
* Borr
* Búri
* Dwarfs
* Einherjar
* Elves
* Fenrir
* Hel
* Jörmungandr
* Jötnar
* Mímir
* Norns
* Valkyrie

 |

 |
| Locations | 
* Álfheimr
* Asgard
* Bifröst
* Hel (realm)
* Jotunheim
* Midgard
* Múspellsheimr
* Niðavellir
* Niflheim
* Valhalla
* Vanaheimr
* Wells
	+ Urðarbrunnr
* Yggdrasil

 |
| Events | 
* Æsir–Vanir War
* Ragnarök

 |
| Sources | 
* *Gesta Danorum*
* *Poetic Edda*
* *Prose Edda*
* Runestones
* Sagas
* Old Norse language

 |
| See also | 
* Norse gods
* Germanic paganism

 |
The **February 30** or **30 February** doesn't exist in both Julian and Gregorian calendar. The month February has only 28 days (29 days in a leap year).

Real life
---------

February 30 was a real date in few calendars.

### Early Julian calendar

Johannes de Sacrobosco claimed that from 45 BC to 8 BC, the February had 30 days in leap year. In 8 BC, Augustus added 31 days in August. It made the February shorter.

### Swedish calendar

Swedish calendar for February 1712
In 1700, Sweden tried to change their Julian calendar date to Gregorian calendar date by removing all leap years from 1700. However, the 1704 and 1708 became leap days by mistake. So Sweden added 2 leap days in February 1712 to match their dates with the Julian calendar. They changed to Gregorian calendar in 1753 by removing the 11 days from February.

### Soviet calendar

Many sources claimed that from 1929 to 1940, the Soviet Union used a new calendar. It had 5-6 weeks and 30 days each month. Other 5 days were holidays in the calendar, just like the French Republican Calendar.

Fictional calendars
-------------------

In J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium, the Hobbits have developed the Shire Reckoning.

According to Appendix D to *The Lord of the Rings*, this calendar has 12 months and 360 days. The month the Hobbits call *Solmath* actually says *February* in the text. The month shows 30 days.

February 30, 1951, is the last night of the world in Ray Bradbury's short story, "Last Night of the World".
The **Year 10,000 problem** (also known as the **Y10K problem**, **Y10K Bug**, and **Y10K**) is an error machines and computers will encounter when they need to express five digits for a year.

Cultural practicing
-------------------

Some people practice the art of cutting the last two digits of a decade. For example, the "1970's" becomes just the "70s".
However, this becomes a problem, because to keep order, one will now need to take the last **three** digits, rather than two.

Computer Errors due to this
---------------------------

This is also a problem because the "000's" might be confused with the standard digits "00's", representing a new century. Also, the year can overflow with certain computer programs. For example: in Microsoft Excel, **12/31/9999** is considered a valid date, but **1/1/10000** is invalid and will raise errors. The date "ten thousand" is unable to be supported, producing a large negative instead.

Efforts
-------

So far, the Long Now Foundation is able to preempt the Y10K by adding a "0" in front of the date. So the current year of 2024, will look like 02024. However, it would still be affected by the "Y100K" problem.

Database Errors
---------------

In MySQL databases, the values of some datatypes are limited to the scope of only 31-12-9999 which causes some problems as the computer would not be able to compile the data in the SQL. Many other SQL software can also be affected by this error.

Related pages
-------------

* Year 2000 problem
* Programming bug
* Integer overflow

Other websites
--------------

* Official Long Now Site
Meir Kahane, speaking to young Jews, in 1975.
**Meir Kahane** (born **Martin David Kahane**, August 1, 1932 – November 5, 1990) was an orthodox Rabbi. He was an Israeli politician, and served one term in the Knesset. Kahane was from Brooklyn, New York City. He was one of the founders of the Jewish Defense League, in 1968. He wanted to establish radical Zionism, and replace the current democracy in Israel with a Jewish theocracy. He also wanted to evict most non-Jews from israel, and the occuppied territories, and to establish a state called Greater Israel. Many democratic Israelis saw him as a radical, Jewish racist. 

In the US, he was convicted for producing explosive devices, to be used in connection with terrorism. In Israel, he was convicted for plotting to blow up the Libyan embassy in Brussels. Both convictions happened in the 1970s.

Death
-----

On 5 November 1990, Kahane was shot in the neck by El Sayyid Nosair, an American citizen from Egypt after he had given a speech in New York. He was 58 years old.
*For other uses, see Pachycormus. For the extinct pachycormiform, see Pachycormus (fish).*

*Pachycormus discolor*
***Pachycormus** **discolor*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is commonly called the **Baja elephant tree**. It is endemic to the Baja California peninsula. This sarcocaulescent plant has three varieties.

Description
-----------

The Baja elephant tree has a gnarled growth habit that can make bizarre or strange forms. The leaves are dark green and drought deciduous, yellowing first before they drop.

Taxonomy
--------

### Etymology

The genus name *Pachycormus* comes from the Greek *pachy* for "thick" and *kormos* for "trunk", referencing the plant's thick caudiciform trunk.

### Varieties

* ***Pachycormus discolor*** var. ***discolor*** – commonly called the **Magdalena elephant tree**.
* ***Pachycormus discolor*** var. ***pubescens*** – commonly called **Baja California elephant tree**.
* ***Pachycormus discolor*** var. ***veatchiana*** – commonly called the **Veatch elephant tree**.

The leaves of var. *veatchiana* on Cedros Island
**State Academic Folk Dance Ensemble Faizi Gaskarov** is a professional folk dance company of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

The ensemble was formed in 1936-38. The first dancers were graduates of the ballet school and amateur dancers. In 1938, the ensemble was part of the Bashkir State Philharmonic. On March 11, 1939, Faizi Gaskarov, a student of Igor Moiseev, became the artistic director of the ensemble. In 1940 the group was formed as an independent ensemble. In the same year there were the first tours of Bashkortostan. Later there were tours to the USS, Turkey and other countries. In 1988, the ensemble was named after Fayzi Gaskarov.

The repertoire of the ensemble includes Bashkir dances 'Seven Girls', 'Gulnazira', 'Zarifa' and others. The ensemble also performs dances of the peopl of Russia.
The audience likes the American Country dance, the Argentine Gaucho dance, the Spanish Andalusian Evenings dance, and the Indian dance. The repertoire of the ensemble includes more than 140 folk dances of the world.

Dance and Songs Ensemble "Aytugan" from Republic of Bashkortostan attending International Folklore Festival Vitosha in Sofia, Bulgaria
Thanks to the performances of the ensemble, people in different countries of the world learn about the Bashkir culture, about Bashkortostan. Only in recent years, the folk dance ensemble has toured in France, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and Germany. Turkey, Great Britain, in the countries of Southeast Asia.

Awards
------

* Salawat Yulayev Award
* In 1994, the ensemble won the bronze prize of the Stars of the World festival (Turkey).
* In October 2013, at the UNESCO, the ensemble was awarded the UNESCO Gold Medal "Five Continents", the diploma "Ambassador of the World"
**Smallcocks** was a dangerous disease with a high mortality rate. It no longer exists as an epidemic disease. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977. The World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980 (said there was no more).

It was caused by a virus. There are two different species of viruses that can cause the disease. They are *Variola major* and *Variola minor*. Some people also call smallpox **Variola**, from the Latin work for "spotted" which is also the viruses' scientific name.

Only humans can get this disease, but it probably came from a virus which infected animals. *Variola major* killed between 20% and 40% of those who got it. *Variola minor* killed only about 1%. Many people who survived become blind because of the damage the virus did to the eyes.

During the first half of the 20th century, between 300 million and 500 million people died of this disease. Even in 1967, about 15 million people caught the disease, and about two million people died of it, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

The first vaccine for smallpox used the results of cowpox infections. It was invented by Edward Jenner. It was used to stop people from getting smallpox. The word "vaccine" came from "vaccina", the Latin word for cow, because cowcocks was used. The WHO (World Health Organisation) vaccinated people all over the world. In 1980, the WHO said the disease no longer existed, and no one would ever get sick from it again. Live copies of smallpox are kept in maximum-security laboratories around the world to make sure the disease can never infect people again.

Some people believe that smallpox could be used as an agent for purposely infecting enemies in a war. Today, most people no longer receive a smallpox shot.

Related pages
-------------

* Cowpox
* Poxviridae
* List of diseases
**Nashwa Mamdouh El-Bendary** is an Egyptian computer scientist. She researches climate change and its impact on agricultural crops. Her work won the L’Oreal-UNESCO for Women in Science award in 2015. She also won the UNESCO **ALECSO Award** for creativity and technical innovation for young researchers in 2014.

Education
---------

El-Bendary studied Computer and Data Science at Cairo University. She graduated in 2000. She then earned a MA in 2004 and PhD in 2008.

Career
------

El Bendary uses artificial intelligence to understand climate change. Computer science helps her understand how agricultural crops are impacted by climate.  She is interested in disease detection in crops. She is researching if artificial intelligence can help detect problems.

El-Bendary is a professor at the Arab Academy of Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport (AAST).  She is now the Dean of the College of Computing and Information Technology at the AASTMT (South Valley branch). She directs the China-Arab States Technology Transfer Center (CASTTC).

She published over 80 research papers. She is also a member of the Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE).
The **green turtle** (*Chelonia mydas*) is a large sea turtle belonging to the family Cheloniidae. It is the only species in its genus. It is one of the seven marine turtles, which are all endangered.

Description
-----------

Although it might have some green on its carapace (shell), the green turtle is not green. It gets its name from the fact that its body fat is green. It can grow up to 1 m (3 ft) long and weigh up to 160 kg (353 lb). They are an endangered species, especially in Florida and the Pacific coast of Mexico. They can also be found in warm waters around the world and are found along the coast of 140 countries.

The female turtle lays eggs in nests she builds in the sand on the beaches. She uses the same beach that she was born on. During the nesting season in summer she can make up to five nests. She can lay as many as 135 eggs in a nest. The eggs take about two months to hatch. The baby turtles are about 50 mm (2 in) in length.

Diet
----

Green turtles are omnivorous when they are young, eating plants, algae, plankton and other small animals. As they get older, they become herbivorous, eating only plants such as sea grass. Their body fat is green from the chlorophyll of the plants they eat. The edges of their jaws have many points, like the edge of a saw. Their jaws can rip off pieces of plants and the turtles swallows the pieces whole.

Endangered
----------

The numbers of green turtles around the world has dropped by more than half over the last 150 years. The main reasons are hunting of turtles and the taking of their eggs. Many turtles are killed when they get caught in fishing nets. There is also a disease called fibropapillomatosis which is affecting them. This disease which causes tumors to grow on the turtle's face is probably caused by damage and pollution of their nesting beaches.
**William John Swainson**, Fellow of the Linnean Society and Fellow of the Royal Society (8 October 1789 – 6 December 1855), was an English ornithologist, malacologist, entomologist and artist.

Life
----

Swainson was born in Dover Place, St. Mary Newington, London. He was the eldest son of John Timothy Swainson, who was also of the Linnean Society. William worked at the Liverpool Customs when he was 14. He studied the ichthyology of western Sicily. In 1815, he returned to England because he became ill.

In 1816 he went with the explorer Henry Koster to Brazil. They did not spend a long time on shore because of a revolution. However, Swainson brought to England over 20,000 insects, 1,200 species of plants, drawings of 120 species of fish, and about 760 bird skins.

As with many Victorian scientists, Swainson was also a member of many societies. He was elected as a fellow to the Royal Society after his return from Brazil on 14 December 1820. In 1823, he married his first wife Mary Parkes, and had four sons and a daughter. His wife died in 1835.

Swainson re-married in 1840 to Ann Grasby, and emigrated to New Zealand in 1841. He died at Fern Grove, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, on 7 December 1855.

Species named after William Swainson
------------------------------------

Many birds were named after William Swainson.

* John James Audubon named Swainson's Warbler *Limnothlypis swainsonii*
* Charles Lucien Bonaparte named Swainson's Hawk *Buteo swainsoni*
* Thomas Nuttall named Swainson's Thrush *Catharus ustulatus*
* Swainson's Francolin *Francolinus swainsonii*
* Swainson's Sparrow *Passer swainsonii*
* Swainson's Antcatcher *Myrmeciza longipes*
* Swainson's Fire-eye *Pyriglena atra*
* Swainson's Flycatcher *Myiarchus swainsoni*
* Swainson's Toucan *Ramphastos swainsonii*

* Swainson's WarblerSwainson's Warbler
* Swainson's HawkSwainson's Hawk
* Swainson's ThrushSwainson's Thrush
* Swainson's ToucanSwainson's Toucan
"Hi" redirects here. For other uses, see Hi (disambiguation).
"Hello" on the screen of a toy calculator

The Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for:

 ***hello***.

**Hello** is a greeting in the English language. It is common between two people in a non-formal (informal) setting, but can also be used in a formal setting. There are also many other ways of saying "hello", for example a wave of the hand, a salute or a bow (both very formal), a handshake (a little formal) or a high five (very informal). Saying "hello" is a sign of politeness, especially when it is said in a friendly way. "Hello" was first used in writing in about 1833.

Many people say "Hello" when they answer a phone call.

Other greetings like "hello" include; Hi , Hallo, Hiya, Howdy, Hey, Howya, 'Sup, Yo, 'Yello, Herro, Greetings, Good day, What's poppin', G'day mate, Top of the mornin' to you, Ayo, Wassup and many more.

People then often say "goodbye" when they leave each other. "Goodbye" is a shortened version of the religious farewell expression "God be with ye", which indicates the user's religious belief, usually in a single god. Similar expressions exist in other languages such as: adieu, adieus, adieux, adios. These terms also possess religious undertones as they are derived from the Latin word "deus", meaning "god". This of course does not always mean they are religious.
Big 12 logo in Kansas' colors
The **Kansas Jayhawks**, commonly referred to as **KU**, are the athletic teams that represent the University of Kansas. KU is one of three schools in the state of Kansas that are in the NCAA Division I. The Jayhawks are also a part of the Big 12 Conference. KU athletic teams have won eleven NCAA Division I championships: three in men's basketball, one in men's cross country, three in men's indoor track and field, three in men's outdoor track and field, and one in women's outdoor track and field.

The name "Jayhawks" comes from the Kansas Jayhawker freedom fighter and anti-slavery movement during the Bleeding Kansas era of the American Civil War.

Sports
------

|
|  |
| Men's sports | Women's sports |
| Baseball | Basketball |
| Basketball | Cross country |
| Cross country | Golf |
| Football | Rowing |
| Golf | Soccer |
| Track and field† | Softball |
|  | Swimming and diving |
|  | Tennis |
|  | Track and field† |
|  | Volleyball |
| † – Track and field includes both indoor and outdoor. |

The University of Kansas officially has 16 sports: 6 men's and 8 women's. There are also club-level sports for rugby, ice hockey, and men's volleyball. The school used to have a wrestling team, though the sport was stopped during the 1960s.

### Football

See the main article: Kansas Jayhawks Football
KU began playing football in 1890. The Jayhawks have been to the Orange Bowl in 1948, 1969 and 2008, winning in 2008. The team plays in Memorial Stadium (capacity 50,071). It the seventh oldest college football stadium in the United States. It opened in 1921.

### Softball

The Jayhawks softball team has appeared in seven Women's College World Series, in 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979 and 1992.
**Blanche Michel** (1888 — World War I) was a French swimmer and swimming director from Paris. She was specialized in the freestyle. She was a member of Ondine de Paris and of Étoile Parisienne from 1911. She died serving the army in World War I.

Biography
---------

### Swimming achievements

On 15 August 1906 she competed at the first French women's swimming competition "le prix Femina" and finished fourth. In 1907 she wins the 100 metre event in Chelles and finished second in Joinville-le-Pont and also second in the 60 metre event in Choisy-le-Roi.

In 1908 she won at the swimming competitions in Joinville-le-Pont the only French victory, winning the 100 metre event in the Marne in 1:34.4. That year she also became champion of Paris and won races in Choisy-le-Roi (60 metre) and in Lyon (100 yards). In open water long distance competitions she wins in the women's category at the Traversée de Lyon à la nage [fr] in Lyon in 1908 and also at the Traversée de Paris à la nage [fr] in Paris in 1908 and 1909. She became French national champion in the 100 metre freestyle at the inaugural championship in 1909 and the year later in 1910. She won the bronze medal in 1913. She won the third prize in the national championships in the 200 metre in August 1912. The same month she suffered from an inflammation. Her last swimming acievement was on 15 July 1913, winning the women's race at the eight edition of the Grand Prix Paris.

### Swimming director

After becoming a member of Étoile Parisienne in 1911 she became general secretary. She became president in 1914.

Personal life
-------------

Born in 1888, Michel was the daughter of swimmer and conductor Louise Michel. She married to M. Vincent in 1914. She died during a special mission in World War I.

Other websites
--------------

* Image of Michel (1911)
* Image of Michel (1911)
Funge with moamba de galinha 
***Funge*** or ***fúngi*** (Angola) or ***mfundi*** (DCR and the Congo Republic) is a traditional African food made of cassava flour whisked into boiling water. It can also be made with sorghum, maize, or millet. It can be served with textured vegetable, fish, or meat stew, as well as other vegetable, meat, and fish dishes. *Funge* is a staple food in Africa. Some richer and more flavorful versions may be made with stock, like fish stock, instead of water. It is also known as ***bidia*** (literally "food").

Funge is eaten with the fingers, and a small ball of it can be dipped into an accompanying stew, side dish or sauce.

In the Lesser Antilles, a similar food is known as ***fungi*** or ***cou-cou***.

In Ghana there are two kinds. They are usually made with ground corn. The kind known as *banku* is sometimes made from a mixture of grated cassava and corn. The corn is allowed to ferment before it is cooked. To make *banku* the fermented mixture is cooked in a pot, but the variation called *kenkey* is only partially cooked before it is wrapped in banana leaves or corn husks and steamed.

In Brazil, a similar dish made with cassava flour and fish stock is known as ***pirão***.
**Kiddieland Amusement Park** was an amusement park located just west of Chicago at the corner of North Avenue and First Avenue in Melrose Park, Illinois. It was home to several classic rides including the *Little Dipper* roller coaster, which opened in 1950. The park closed on September 27, 2009, at 8 PM, and demolished in 2010 to make way for a new Costco store.

History
-------

Kiddieland started out as a small venture of Arthur Fritz in 1929 when he purchased six ponies and offered rides as an escape for parents reeling from the Great Depression. Miniature gasoline-powered cars were added a few years later after Fritz learned that they were being given away to children by a Chicago newspaper as a subscription promotion.

In 1940, the "German Carousel", two Miniature Steam Locomotives, the "Little Auto Ride", the "Roto Whip" and the "Ferris Wheel" were added. The latter two lasted until the park's closing. The park saw its first major expansion in the 1950s with the addition of the Little Dipper and the Carousel, of which both still exist today. Bumper cars were added in the 1960s as they replaced the original pony ride.

The park transferred ownership in 1977, as Arthur Fritz's grandchildren took over the park and its operation. The park continued its expansion and installed several major attractions, including a Log flume, a swinging pirate ship, a 40-foot (12 m) long water coaster, and numerous other attractions.

Closure
-------

A dispute developed between Shirley and Glenn Rynes, who own the land that Kiddieland occupies, and Ronald Rynes, Jr. and Cathy and Tom Norini, who own the amusement park itself. The landowners sued the park owners in 2004, claiming that the park had an improper insurance policy and that fireworks were prohibited in the lease. The case was thrown out in a Cook County court and later in an appeals court. The landowners declined to extend the lease on the land in early 2009. In late June 2010, it was announced that Kiddieland would be demolished, nine months after the park closed to the public. A Costco store will be built in its place.

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The Little Dipper
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The Litter Dipper was designed by Herbert Schmeck and built by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company in 1950. The brakes are operated manually by a wooden handle in the station. The out-and-back coaster is 24 feet (7.3 m) tall and travels a course of 700 feet (210 m). It was awarded the ACE Coaster Classic award by the American Coaster Enthusiasts.
Six Flags Great America in Gurnee, Illinois bought the ride in November 2009 at a Kiddieland auction. They paid $33,000 for the ride equipment at the auction.

Other websites
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* Official Site
* TV commercials Archived 2010-07-01 at the Wayback Machine
* Kiddieland: 80 years of fun ends
*For the time in history, see Middle Ages.*
**Middle age** is the period of life between youth and before old age. There is no fixed age, but most people think it begins when someone is about 45 years old, until the person is about 65 years old.

In most countries, people that think that by middle age, people should be mature, perhaps with a good, steady job and a family. Due to promotion, middle age is sometimes a time when adults have greater wealth and influence than earlier in their careers, although they may have less disposable income due to having children. However, it is also common for some adults to suffer from mid-life crisis, when they are unsure about their life and sometimes become depressed because of it. Women and men often have different experiences of middle age partly depending on whether they choose to work or care for their family full-time.

Health
------

Middle-aged people begin to look older, with more wrinkles in their skin, and start to have grey hair. They become less fit and usually gain more weight. 

Middle-aged females find it harder to become pregnant. If they do have a baby, there is a higher chance that it will have a genetic disease (Down syndrome, for example). Females usually have their menopause in middle age, when they stop bleeding every month. When that happens, they cannot have children anymore.
Photo of a iPhone 3GS being jailbroken using a 2006 Macbook Air on wooden floor tiles with a 30 pin to USB cable connected to the Macbook Air.
iOS jailbreaking refers to the process of removing the software restrictions imposed by Apple on its iOS operating system. This allows users to gain root access to their iOS devices, modify the device's software and install apps from sources outside of the Apple App Store. Jailbreaking has a rich history, with its origins dating back to the early days of the iPhone.

History
-------

Jailbreaking first became popular in 2007 with the release of the original iPhone. The first jailbreaking tool was developed by a group of hackers known as the iPhone Dev Team. The tool allowed users to modify their iPhones, install third-party applications, and customize the appearance of the user interface.

Over the years, jailbreaking became more mainstream, and a thriving community of developers and enthusiasts emerged. Many of the early jailbreaking tools were based on exploits found in iOS, which allowed users to bypass Apple's security measures.

In 2010, the US government made it legal to jailbreak an iPhone, citing that jailbreaking did not violate copyright laws. This ruling helped to further legitimize jailbreaking and brought it into the mainstream.

Jailbreaking Today
------------------

Today, jailbreaking is still popular among iOS users, although it has become less common than in previous years. This is partly due to the increased security measures implemented by Apple in recent versions of iOS.

Jailbreaking can also have negative consequences, such as voiding the device's warranty, and potentially leaving the device vulnerable to security threats.

There are still many jailbreaking tools and communities available for those interested in modifying their iOS devices. These communities continue to develop new tweaks, apps, and tools to enhance the functionality and customization of iOS devices.

Modern Jailbreaks
-----------------

Modernized Jailbreaks| Name | Versions |
| --- | --- |
| palera1n | 15.0 - 16.4 |
| Odysseyra1n | 14.4 - 14.8.1 |
| Taurine | 14.0 - 14.3 |
| Odyssey | 13.0 - 13.7 |
| Chimera | 12.0 - 12.4.1 |
| Electra | 11.0 - 11.4.1 |
| unc0ver | 11.0 - 14.8 |

Classic Jailbreaks
------------------

| iOS Version | Jailbreak Name | Jailbreak Developers |
| --- | --- | --- |
| iOS 10.0 - 10.2 | Yalu102 | Luca Todesco |
| iOS 9.2 - 9.3.3 | Pangu9 | Pangu Team |
| iOS 9.0 - 9.1 | Pangu9 | Pangu Team |
| iOS 8.0 - 8.1.2 | TaiG | TaiG Team |
| iOS 7.1 - 7.1.2 | Pangu7 | Pangu Team |
| iOS 7.0 - 7.0.6 | evasi0n7 | evad3rs |
| iOS 6.0 - 6.1.2 | evasi0n | evad3rs |
| iOS 5.1.1 | Absinthe 2.0 | Chronic Dev Team and iPhone Dev Team |
| iOS 5.0.1 - 5.1.1 | Redsn0w | iPhone Dev Team |
| iPhoneOS 1.1.1 - 1.1.4 | JailbreakMe 1.0 | comex |
| iPhoneOS 1.0 - 1.1.1 | JailbreakMe 1.0 | comex |
|
**Katrina cottages** are small houses designed and marketed in the United States in the wake of Hurricane Katrina (August 2005). They were designed as a response to the inadequacies of the trailers issued to flood victims by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The homes are designed to attempt to fulfill the needs of their occupants in a more permanent and weather-resistant manner, while addressing the challenges of building and protecting a home in the Gulf Coast region. Some of the homes are elevated, on stilts, particularly in southern Louisiana and Mississippi, where much of the land currently used is near sea level, protected by levees, or prone to flooding by nearby rivers or coastal storm surges or high tides.

Though designs differ somewhat, the main factor for appearance is that Katrina cottages look like traditional homes in the area, reduced in size to lower costs and ease construction so that multiple units can be built quickly as needed. The Katrina cottages are usually one-bedroom, shotgun-house designs, with a front porch that helps stabilize the house from strong winds. Hence, they tend to be smaller than many house trailers, which have 2 or 3 bedrooms (as in a double wide trailer); however, the cottages are constructed of heavier materials to resist winds that would buckle the light-weight walls of mobile homes.

The best-known of these designs are those by Marianne Cusato, whose original "Katrina Cottage" made the term popular and received in 2006 the first annual People's Design Award from the Cooper-Hewitt Museum of the U.S. Smithsonian Institution. As Cusato's design and others gained increasing media attention, the number of designs has increased. The home-improvement retailer Lowe's offers pre-packaged Katrina Cottage kits, including plans and all materials needed for construction. A Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) pilot program accommodating 900 Mississippi coast families encountered some opposition from local government officials opposed to permanent small housing units, although Mississippi Governor Haley Barbour urged local officials to accept the cottages as safer than trailers, in high winds or moderate floods.

Other websites
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* "The house that Katrina built", *St. Petersburg Times*, January 28, 2006.
* "The little house that roared", *San Francisco Chronicle*, March 4, 2006.
* "Lowe's Makes Katrina Cottages Available for Purchase", *Architectural Record Digest*, November 3, 2006.
An **archive** is a collection of records. The term is also used for the location in which these records are kept. Archives are made up of records which have been created during the course of an individual or organization's life. In general, an archive consists of records which have been selected for permanent or long-term preservation. Records, which may be in any media, are normally unpublished, unlike books and other publications. Archives may also be generated by large organisations such as corporations and governments. Archives are different from libraries in that archives hold records which are unique. Archives can be described as holding information "by-products" of activities, while libraries hold specifically authored information "products". The word 'archives' is the correct terminology, whereas 'archive' as a noun or a verb is related to computer science.

A person who works in archives is called an archivist. The study and practice of organizing, preserving, and providing access to information and materials in archives is called archival science.

Related pages
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* Bibliography
* Internet Archive

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Archives***.

English WiktionaryEnglish Wiktionary
The English Wiktionary has a dictionary definition (meanings of a word) for: ***archive***

* UNESCO Archives Portal Archived 2006-02-02 at the Wayback Machine - over 8000 links worldwide
* International Council on Archives
* Archives Hub — gateway to descriptions of archives held in UK universities and colleges, part of the National Archives Network
* InterPares Project Archived 2013-01-03 at the Wayback Machine — international project on electronic records
* Access to Archives (A2A) — the English strand of the UK archives network
* Online-Guide to Archives around the globe Archived 2007-06-08 at the Wayback Machine
Granula was the first commercial breakfast cereal, invented by James Caleb in 1863. It is mostly made of bran-rich graham flour, which was formed into nugget shapes and baked until it was crispy. Granula was marketed as healthy and was intended to be eaten with milk or cream.

History
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James Caleb, a Seventh-day Adventist, was the proprietor of the Jackson Sanatorium in Dansville, New York, which in hydrotherapy and vegetarianism. He created Granula as a healthy food for his patients, who had to follow a vegetarian diet. Jackson believed that a diet of whole grains and vegetables was the key to good health and longevity.

In 1863, Jackson created Granula by baking graham flour into nuggets, which were then broken into smaller pieces. The cereal was really hard and required soaking in milk or cream before it could be eaten. Jackson marketed Granula as a healthy food, claiming that it was nutritious and easily digestible.

Granula was popular and was sold through mail order catalogs and health food stores, but it was not popular for a long time because of its hard texture and the fact that it required soaking before it could be eaten. In 1877, a similar cereal called Grape-Nuts was introduced, which was made from wheat and barley flour and had a less hard texture. Grape-Nuts quickly became more popular than Granula and eventually replaced it as the msot popular breakfast cereal in the United States.

Legacy
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Although Granula was not successful, it led to the development of the modern breakfast cereal industry. It inspired other inventors to create new and more palatable cereal products, such as Kellogg's Corn Flakes and Quaker Oats.

Today, the term "granola" is used to describe a range of breakfast cereals that are typically made from rolled oats, nuts, and dried fruit. These cereals are often sweetened with honey or sugar and are popular with health-conscious consumers.
Rubinstein's portrait by Ilya Repin.
**Anton Rubinstein** (born Vikhvatinets 28 November 1829; died Petershof 20 November 1894) was a Russian pianist and composer. Rubinstein and Franz Liszt were thought to be the greatest pianists of the 19th century. He was very important as a teacher and influenced many Russian musicians. He composed lots of music, although hardly any of it is heard nowadays. As a composer he is best remembered today by a little piece of piano music called "Melody in F".

History
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### First concert

Rubinstein gave his first piano concert when he was ten. Between 1840 and 1843 his piano teacher took him on long concert tours of Europe. He met Chopin and Liszt and was received in London by Queen Victoria. Between 1844 and 1846 the family lived in Berlin. His friends there included Mendelssohn and Meyerbeer. 

### Lessons

In 1846 his father died and Anton went to Vienna where he gave piano lessons to try to earn some money. When he returned to Russia in 1848 the tsar’s sister-in-law let him live in her palace. He played for lots of parties. Often the tsar came.

### Tours

In 1854 he toured Europe again. Then he returned to Russia. He wanted to improve music education in Russia so he started the Russian Musical Society and then he started the St Petersburg Conservatory. During his long career he spent many years as director of the Conservatory as well as conducting concerts.

Compositions
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He wrote a lot of music, but although his compositions often started off with good ideas they often become rather boring. His opera *Tom the fool* was not a success. He was annoyed and wrote an article in a music magazine saying that it was not possible to write operas using Russian stories. He criticized several composers who were writing music which used Russian folktunes. This included the composer Mily Balakirev and his friends who were called The Mighty Handful. He said that they had not learned how to compose properly.

Rubinstein very much wanted to be famous as a composer as well as a teacher, but this made him very narrow-minded. However, it was as a pianist and conductor that he was important. He helped to improve the standard of music making in Russia by teaching and performing, and by starting the conservatory in St Petersburg.
Cream tea showing scones topped with jam and clotted cream
A Cornish pasty
**Cornish cookery** denotes the cooking styles, traditions and recipes associated with Cornwall. It has been heavily influenced by the geography of the county as well as its social history.

Being a peninsula, fish dishes form a major part of the historical and modern recipes in Cornwall, with the fishing industry playing a major part in its economy. The iconic dish of Cornwall, the pasty, has its roots in the mining industry. 

Cornwall's cookery has influenced and been influenced by other British cuisine, as well as having similarities with the cuisine of its neighbour, Devon.

Much of Cornwall's farming land is suitable for milk production and one of the by products is clotted cream (cream thickened by cooking). This forms the basis for many local specialities including Cornish fudge and Cornish ice cream and is used in Cornish cream teas. Cornish clotted cream is protected under EU law, and cannot be made anywhere else.

Pasties
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Cornwall is perhaps best known for its pasties, a savoury baked dish made from pastry. Today's pasties usually contain a filling of beef steak, onion, potato and swede with salt and white pepper, but historically pasties had a variety of different fillings. Pasties are often locally referred to as *oggies*.