The **urinary system** (the **urinary tract**) is a  system of  organs that makes urine/pee and takes it out of the body. 

Urine is watery waste of the body. Our body needs to collect this waste and get rid of it. Our body makes urine in two organs - the kidneys. To make urine, kidneys filter blood from blood vessels.

Organs of the urinary system
----------------------------

The urinary includes several organs: the kidneys, ureters, the urinary bladder, and urethra.

The Human Male Urinary System
The Human Female Urinary System
Male and female urethral openings

How the urinary system works
----------------------------

The kidneys remove waste chemicals like urea from the blood. The blood containing chemical wastes enters the kidneys through the renal arteries. The blood is processed through the nephron to make urine. Urine is yellow liquid with waste chemicals in it.

Then the urine goes down from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. It goes to it through two tubes - one tube from each kidney. The tubes are called ureters. 

The urinary bladder is a soft container. It has muscles. Its muscles can make it bigger or smaller. It becomes bigger when it is full of urine. At such times we feel it, and we have to pee.

There is one tube that goes out of the urinary bladder. This tube lets the urine out of the body. This tube is the urethra. It is the only urinary organ different in men and women. 

### Women's urethra

In women the urethra is shorter and wider inside. Its outer end is between a woman's legs. It opens on her outer sex organs (vulva). A woman's urethra serves only to pass urine.

Vulva diagram with urethra opening marked U; with C for clitoris, and vaginal opening below with a V; VV - vestibule of the vagina; H - hymen, LM - one of the labia majora; Lm - labia minora
### Men's urethra

In men the urethra is longer. It serves two functions. As a part of urinary system, it pased urine out of the body. As a part of reproductive system it passes seminal liquid. This liquid has in it male sex cells. These cells are called sperm cells. Sperm cells are made in the male sex glands - testes. The liquid with cells forms in another gland. This gland is below the bladder. This gland is called the prostate. The male urethra passes through the prostate and goes on through another organ. This male organ is a tube with the urethra. This tube is on the front of a man's body below the abdomen. This tube is called the penis. 

Part of the male urinary system: urethra passes from bladder through prostate and penis
Women do not have it. To have sex and make babies, the penis goes into a women's wider tube, which is called the vagina. It does not pass urine: women's urethra goes in front of the vagina. Men get orgasms from their penis. Women have orgasms from their vagina and clitoris. Clitoris is an organ in women for orgasm only. It is much smaller than a penis. The women's urethra is not in the clitoris, but behind it. 

The urinary system is linked to the sex organs of men and women. Sex organs are called genitals. Genitals and the urinary system make the genitourinary or urogenital system. Its organs are male or female; internal (inside) or external (outside the body).

Passing urine outside is called urination.

Medical aspects
---------------

TA medical science on the urinary system is urology. Medical doctors in urology are urologists. Women with urinary problems can also go to a gynecologist. Men's sex organs are checked by urologists andrologists. 

| * v
* t
* e
Human systems and organs |
| --- |
| Musculoskeletal system | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Skeletal system | 
* Bone
	+ Carpus
	+ Collar bone (clavicle)
	+ Thigh bone (femur)
	+ Fibula
	+ Humerus
	+ Mandible
	+ Metacarpus
	+ Metatarsus
	+ Ossicles
	+ Patella
	+ Phalanges
	+ Radius
	+ Skull
	+ Tarsus
	+ Tibia
	+ Ulna
	+ Rib
	+ Vertebra
	+ Pelvis
	+ Sternum
* Cartilage

 |
| Joints | 
* Fibrous joint
* Cartilaginous joint
* Synovial joint

 |
| Muscular system | 
* Muscle
* Tendon
* Diaphragm

 |

 |
| Circulatory system | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Cardiovascular system | 
* *peripheral*
	+ Artery
	+ Vein
	+ Lymphatic vessel
* Heart

 |
| Lymphatic system | 
* *primary*
	+ Bone marrow
	+ Thymus
* *secondary*
	+ Spleen
	+ Lymph node
* *CNS equivalent*
	+ Glymphatic system

 |

 |
| Nervous system | 
* + Brain
	+ Spinal cord
	+ Nerve
* Sensory system
	+ Ear
	+ Eye

 |
| Integumentary system | 
* Skin
* Subcutaneous tissue
* Breast
	+ Mammary gland

 |
| Haematopoietic and immune systems | 
* Myeloid
	+ Myeloid immune system
* Lymphoid
	+ Lymphoid immune system

 |
| Respiratory system | 
* Upper
	+ Nose
	+ Nasopharynx
	+ Larynx
* Lower
	+ Trachea
	+ Bronchus
	+ Lung

 |
| Digestive system | 
* Mouth
	+ Salivary gland
	+ Tongue
	+ Lips
* *upper GI*
	+ Oropharynx
	+ Laryngopharynx
	+ Esophagus
	+ Stomach
* *lower GI*
	+ Small intestine
	+ Appendix
	+ Colon
	+ Rectum
	+ Anus
* *accessory*
	+ Liver
	+ Biliary tract
	+ Pancreas

 |
| Urinary system | 
* Kidney
* Ureter
* Bladder
* Urethra

 |
| Reproductive system | 
* Female
	+ Uterus
	+ Vagina
	+ Vulva
	+ Ovary
	+ Placenta
* Male
	+ Scrotum
	+ Penis
	+ Prostate
	+ Testicle
	+ Seminal vesicle

 |
| Endocrine system | 
* Pituitary
* Pineal
* Thyroid
* Parathyroid
* Adrenal
* Islets of Langerhans

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