recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Today, about 10 million girls around the world are in an organization called **Girl Guides**. It started over 100 years ago. Around 1907 in England, Robert Baden-Powell started an organization called Boy Scouts. He taught boys how to camp and live outdoors. In 1909, Baden-Powell held a big event for Boy Scouts. Many girls said they wanted to join, too. Baden-Powell wanted to have boys and girls in different groups, so he started Girl Guides that year. In 1910, his younger sister Agnes became the leader. The girls learned how to camp, and they also learned how to take care of children. By 1912, there were Girl Guides in many other countries such as Australia, Denmark, and the United States. All Girl Guides learn a lot about life and things that are not taught at school. They have special rules about the way to live. They have to try and do something nice for someone else every day. When something bad happens, they must be strong. They must be ready for anything, so their slogan is "Be Prepared." In 1926, leaders of the Girl Guides from around the world met in a town in New York. At the meeting, they decided to make a special day for Girl Guides in all countries. They chose February 22 because it was the birthday of Robert Baden-Powell. It is called World Thinking Day. Now, on this day every year, Girl Guides around the world celebrate with special events and study about other countries and cultures.

Related pages
-------------

* Scouting
The **Barbary lion** (*Panthera leo leo*) was a local group of lions which are now extinct in the wild {IUCN}. The Barbary lion was also called the **atlas lion** and the Nubian **lion**. It was a local group, or perhaps subspecies, of the lion. It used to live in North Africa, from Morocco to Egypt.

Looks and behavior
------------------

The Barbary lion was large and heavy. Males weighed about 272 to 317 kilograms (600 to 699 lb), and females weighed about 227 to 272 kilograms (500 to 600 lb). Male lions were said to be about 2.7 to 3.1 metres (8 ft 10 in to 10 ft 2 in) long and females were about 2.4 to 3.3 metres (7 ft 10 in to 10 ft 10 in) long. Some scientists think that these sizes and weights are too large and put estimates between 230 to 272 kilograms These scientists think that the Barbary lion is probably the size of the lions found in East Africa.Whereas, others thought it was around the size of an Asiatic lion which are 175 kilograms (385 lbs) 

The places where the Barbary lion lived did not have a lot of prey. These lions did not live in *prides* because of this. The main animals they hunted in the Atlas Mountains were the Barbary stag, buffalo and the gazelle. The lions also ate cows and sheep raised by people.

These lions lived alone, or in pairs. The female Barbary lion raised her cubs until they were mature. This took about two years. After that, the cubs left their mother.

Sources
-------


Wikispecies has information on: ***Panthera leo leo***.

1. ↑  "Barbary Lion". tigerhomes.org. 1999–2006. Archived from the original on August 24, 2011. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
2. ↑  Patterson, Bruce D. (2004). *The lions of Tsavo: exploring the legacy of Africa's notorious man-eaters*. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-07-136333-4.
3. ↑  "barbarylion.com". barbarylion.com. 2005. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
4. ↑  A *pride of lions* is a family group. It usually includes a male lion, several female lions, and their cubs.
5. 1 2
**Parallel Lives**, also known as **Plutarch's Lives**, **Comparative Lives**, **Lives of Illustrious Men**, and the **Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans** is a book written by the famous writer, philosopher, and priest Plutarch in ancient Rome. The book reads about many pairs, which these pairs are biographies (stories of people's lives) of one Greek man and one Roman man of a similar life for every pair. These pairs are set to show moral goods and moral bads in the people Plutarch writes about. there are 23 pairs of stories, and 4 biographies that are unpaired, but Plutarch still wrote. There are many biographies, so they are often shown in many volumes.

Some of the pairs include Demosthenes and Cicero, Julius Caesar and Alexander the Great, and Theseus and Romulus.

Content
-------

A pair of Biographies, originally about Epaminondas and either Scipio Africanus or Scipio Aemilianus has been lost to history. Other lives have been shortened and have large lacunae (gaps), and/or have been messed with by writers of later times.

An example of Plutarch's Lives being important is Plutarch's life of Alexander the Great, which is one of the only writings about Alexander the Great, despite being a secondary or tertiary source. It has parts of Alexander's life that no other source has. This is also the same with the life of Numa Pompilius, which has unique details on the early ancient Roman calendar. Plutarch's writings have been celebrated for the liveliness and warmth of his Parallel Lives. Parallel Lives has gotten a large group of readers throughout its existence.
In the United Kingdom, a **tied cottage** is a dwelling (not always a cottage) owned by an employer for an employee to live in. If the employee leaves their job they may have to leave it. i. While the term originally applied mainly to cottages, it may be loosely applied to any tied accommodation from a small flat to a large house. The idea is generally associated with farming, but may occur in other jobs. It is still common in churches. It used to be common in the police, in railways, and in public parks. It gave employers great power over their workers.

The concept has been in use at least since the 18th century. There has been considerable debate, particularly in the 20th century, over whether the system is fair to occupiers, and a number of laws have been enacted or amended to improve their security of tenure. The concept still exists, though in a substantially different form from the original idea.

1. ↑  Brass, Tom (2011). *Labour Regime Change in the Twenty-First Century: Unfreedom, Capitalism and Primitive Accumulation*. BRILL. ISBN 9789004202474. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
Not to be confused with Carnival.
For non-human cannibalism, see Cannibalism in animals.
Leonhard Kern: Man eater, ebony sculpture, around 1650
Cannibalism in Brazil in the 16th Century
Cannibal feast on the Island of Tanna, New Hebrides
**Cannibalism** is where a member of a species eats the flesh of another member of that species. It is also called **anthropophagy** when humans do it. Anthropologists are not sure how widespread it was, but it did happen in some societies.

The word 'cannibalism' comes from the Island Carib people of the Lesser Antilles. They got a long-standing reputation as cannibals when their legends were recorded in the 17th century. Some controversy exists over the accuracy of these legends.

Cannibalism was widespread in the past among humans in many parts of the world, continuing into the 19th century in some isolated South Pacific cultures, and to the present day in parts of tropical Africa. Cannibalism was certainly practiced in New Guinea and in parts of the Solomon Islands, and flesh markets existed in some parts of Melanesia. Fiji was once known as the 'Cannibal Isles'. Cannibalism has been well documented around the world, from Fiji to the Amazon Basin to the Congo Basin to the Māori in New Zealand.

Other websites
--------------

* The cannibalism paradigm: assessing contact period ethnohistorical discourse, by James Q. Jacobs. A critical, academic review of Mesoamerican cannibalism claims.
* BBC article about German cannibalism case
* Harry J. Brown, 'Hans Staden among the Tupinambas.'
* Lyrics and English translation of Mein Teil, the Rammstein song about the Meiwes incident Archived 2006-03-05 at the Wayback Machine
The **North American video game crash of 1983** was a major event in the history of video games where the North American video game industry had crashed. Many makers of home computers and video game consoles went bankrupt. Many business analysts thought that the video game industry would not last, and the crash lasted for several years. However, the Japanese company Nintendo introduced the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1985, which became very popular in 1987 and ended the crash.

There were several reasons for the crash, but the main reason was that companies were making many consoles and hundreds of games, most which were low quality. The video game version of *ET: The Extra Terrestrial* is often blamed for the crash.

Background
----------

Through the 1970s, many companies, most notably Coleco and Atari released tons of systems. The video game industry became a big thing, and it seemed like video games were the next cool thing. However, soon, companies tried to take advantage. For example, if you mailed to a dog food company, they'd send you a video game. The market was flooded, but the final straw was with the Atari port of *Pac-Man* and *ET: The Extra Terrestrial*. They were both bad quality games, and the Pac-Man port itself was just a prototype. Consumers lost confidence in video games, and Atari began to lose money. Most companies left the market, as most experts claimed the market was dead, and nothing more than a fad. The crash was notable for being more bad for the companies, as consumers themselves were happy as most games were much cheaper. The crash would last until 1985, when Nintendo released the Nintendo Entertainment System, which used a VCR look and avoided common terms that video games were typically using, as the packaging of the system never even mentioned the phrase "video game" once. Cartridges were instead called "Game Paks" and the games showed in-game sprites on the covers, to show the arcade-like graphics. This was important, as arcades were not effected by the crash, and became popular again because of the crash.
For other uses, see Sentence (law).
A **sentence** is a group of words that are joined together to mean something. A sentence is the basic unit of language. It expresses a complete thought. It does this by following the grammatical basic rules of syntax. For example: "Ram is walking".

A complete sentence has at least a **subject** and a **main verb** to state (declare) a complete thought. Short example: *She walks*. A subject is the noun (name) which is doing the main verb. The main verb is the activity that the subject is doing. 

In English and many other languages, the first word of a written sentence has a capital letter. At the end of the sentence there is a punctuation mark depending on whether it is a statement, a question, a command, a request or an exclamation.

Phrases and clauses
-------------------

A *phrase* or *clause* is part of a sentence.p773–777

This is an example of a sentence:

* *The dog is happy.*

In this sentence, 'The dog' is the subject, and 'is' is the verb.

This is an example of a phrase:

* *The happy dog*

There is no verb, so we do not know anything about what the happy dog is doing. Therefore, it is not a sentence.

A clause is a sentence within a sentence. Example:

* *They milked the cows, and then they made cheese and butter*. This sentence has two co-ordinate (~equal) clauses, linked by 'and'.p220 and indranil das

Types of sentence
-----------------

* A **simple sentence** has only one clause, and one independent variable. *The cat is sleeping*.
* A **compound sentence** has two or more clauses. These clauses are joined with conjunctions, punctuation, or both. *The dog is happy, but the cat is sad*.
* A **complex sentence** has one clause with a relative clause. *The dog, which is eating the bone, is happy*.
* A **complex-compound sentence** (or compound-complex sentence) has many clauses, at least one of which is a relative clause: *The dog, which is eating the bone, is happy, but the cat is sad*.

Sentences have different purposes:

* A **declarative sentence**, or declaration, is the most common type of sentence. It tells something. It ends with a full stop **.** (*The dog is happy*.)
* An **interrogative sentence**, or question, asks something. It ends with a question mark **?** (*Are you happy?*)
* An **exclamatory sentence**, or exclamation, says something out of the ordinary. It ends with an exclamation mark **!** (*That dog is the happiest dog I have ever seen!*)
* An **imperative sentence**, or command, tells someone to do something. (*Give the dog a bone.*)

Basic English sentences
-----------------------

Here are some sentences written in Basic English:

The sky is blue.

Today is Monday.

Tomorrow is Tuesday.

The baby is smiling.

Sheila is reading a book.

This is the road to take.

Read a book about the history of America.

There are beautiful flowers growing in the garden.

The cushions are new and I feel the comfort they give me.

They are playing in the grounds.

Related pages
-------------

* Phrase
* Punctuation
* Word
Actress Chloe Bennet is known for portraying Quake in the Marvel Cinematic Universe television series *Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.*
**Daisy Louise Johnson**, also known as **Quake**, is a fictional character and superheroine from Marvel Comics, appearing as a major character in the *Secret Wars* comics, a supporting character in the *New Avengers* comics, and one of the main characters of the *Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.* and the *Force Works* comics.

She is the daughter of the supervillain Mr. Hyde with the inherited gift with the ability to cause earthquakes via vibrations, and later became a S.H.I.E.L.D. agent. Acting as Nick Fury's loyal right-hand, she was forced to leave the agency when Maria Hill replaced Fury following his war against Latveria. Later going by the codename "Quake", Johnson would become the leader of the Secret Warriors, the Warriors, and has been a member of the Avengers and Force Works.

She was created by Brian Michael Bendis and Gabriele Dell'Otto, and first appeared in *Secret Wars #2* in July-May of 2004.

Adaptations
-----------

Since her debut, Quake has appeared in numerous media, such as in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) television series, *Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.*, where she was portrayed by Chloe Bennet.
The County of Namur was not often an independent state, rather under the dominion of other entities like the counties of Hainaut and Flanders or the Duchy of Burgundy.

Robert I (r. 946 – 981)

Albert I (r. 992 – 1010)

Robert II (r. 1010 – 1018?)

Albert II (r. 1018? – 1067

Albert III (r. 1067 – 1102)

Godfrey I (r. 1102 – 1139)

Henry I *the Blind* (r. 1139 – 1189)

Baldwin I (r. 1189 – 1195), nephew of

Philip I (r. 1195 – 1212) 

Philip II (r. 1217 – 1226) 

Henry II (r. 1226 – 1229), 

Margaret (r. 1229 – 1237), 

Baldwin II (r. 1237 – 1256) 

Henry III (r. 1256 – 1265)

Guy I (r. 1265 – 1297). 

John I (r. 1297 – 1330)

John II (r. 1330 – 1335)

Guy II (r. 1335 – 1336), 

Philip III (r. 1336 – 1337), brother of

William I (r. 1337 – 1391), brother of

William II (r. 1391 – 1418)

John III (r. 1418 – 1421; died 1429), 

In 1421, John III sold his estates to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy. The title was factually abolished in the aftermath of the French Revolution and the annexation of Namur by France in 1795.
Fertile writer, theologian and historian of the Church. (263-340)

Life
----

He came into being about 263 in Caesarea. Taught by Pamphilus, whose name he was pleased to be named by, he escaped to Tyre during the cruel acts of Diocletian and from there to the waste land of Thebais, where he was taken and put in prison. In 313 he was made overseer of Caesarea. In agreement with a common mind in the trouble caused by the false belief of Arius, he put down in writing a number of letters in support of his right belief and had an effect on the council of Caesarea which said that the statement of Arius was in line with the faith. When he said no to a form of words against the Arian belief, he was put out of the church by a meeting of Antioch (325). In the meeting council of Nicaea (325) he made an attempt to keep a peace-making political view which put forward the idea of the god-like quality of Christ in Bible words and the turning away from the belief of the same substance of Athanasius. Though he put his name to the meeting sign he did so more because of the emperor's desire than from belief. Not long after he was in agreement with Eusebius of Nicomedia and took part in the meetings councils of Antioch (330) and of Tyre (335) which, in that order, put down Eustathius and put out of the church Athanasius. A near friend of the emperor, he possibly had an effect on him to give out orders against the overseers of the right belief. He came to his end about 339 or 340.
**Jammu Region** (Panjabi: ਜੰਮੂ ਸੂਬਾ) is one of the three regions comprising Kashmir's southernmost area of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. Jammu division borders Vale of Kashmir, the disputed part of the state, to the north, Ladakh region to the east, and Himachal Pradesh to the south. Sandwiched between the Vale of Kashmir to the north and the Daman Koh Plains to the south, the Margalla hills range of the foothills of the Himalayas which comprises most of the disputed region in Jammu. The Pir Panjal Range, the Trikuta Hills and the low-lying Tawi River of the branch Chenab River basin add beauty and diversity to the terrain of Jammu.

Jammu, the winter capital of the maharajas and second largest city in the territory, was traditionally the seat of Dogra power. Of the total population of Jammu, more than two-thirds are classed as Dogra Hindus. Of these, the greater number live in the southeastern portion of the state. Culturally, ethnically, and linguistically, they are Panjabi-speaking peoples.. Majority speaks the Dogri, a dialect of Panjabi. The majority of the state’s Sikhs also live in the Jammu region. To the north-west, however, the proportion of Muslims increases, with Muslims making up a dominant majority in the area around the western town of Poonch District.

Demographics of Jammu Division
------------------------------



| Religion in Jammu (2023) |
| --- |
| Religion |  |  | Percent |  |
| Islam |   | 56.19% |
| Sikhism |   | 28.83% |
| Hinduism |   | 11.95% |
| Buddhism |   | 1.35% |
| Others |   | 1.68% |

Jammu is the only region in the state (Jammu & Kashmir) that has a sizeable Hindu minority population. About 56% of its Jammu's population practices Islam while 31% practices 29% Sikhism. Although Islam and Sikhism enjoy a very strong cultural heritage with neighbouring Punjab (Pakistan) in the wider region. Most Hindus are either Dogras or Kashmiri Hindus who migrated from the Kashmir Valley. The Sikhs are Dogras, Panjabi. Jammu is now well connected with the rest of India by rail, road and air, making it far better connected than the rest of the regions in the state through Gurdaspur District.
A single axel from start to finish
Step 1: the preparation
Step 2: the kick up into the Axel
Step 3: the rotation in the air
Step 4: the landing
An **Axel jump** is a jump in figure skating. It is the most famous and recognizable skating jump. It starts with the skater going forward. It is the only jump that does and that helps people know that the jump is an Axel jump. Because all skating jumps are landed going backwards, the Axel jump has an extra half rotation (full circle) in the air than all other skating jumps.

History
-------

The jump was named after Axel Paulsen of Norway, who invented the jump.

### Performances

The first skater to do a double Axel in competition was Dick Button, and Carol Heiss Jenkins was the first woman to do it. The first skater to do a triple Axel in competition was Vern Taylor. The first woman to do it was Midori Ito.

The first pairs skater to do a *throw triple Axel* (he helps her with the jump) were Rena Inoue & John Baldwin. It is not known who did the first *throw double Axel*.

Methods
-------

The Axel can be a single Axel (1 and a half rotations in the air), a double Axel (two and a half rotations in the air), or a triple Axel (three and a half rotations in the air). Most junior and senior skaters do a double Axel.

Many senior-level male skaters do a triple Axel.

Only 15 female figure skaters have done a ratified triple Axel in competition: Midori Ito (the first one to do it), Tonya Harding, Yukari Nakano, Ludmila Nelidina, Mao Asada (the first one to land three triple Axels in one competition), Kimmie Meissner, Elizaveta Tuktamysheva, Rika Kihira, Mirai Nagasu, Alysa Liu, Ayaka Hosoda, Alena Kostornaia, Sofia Akatieva, Sofia Samodelkina, Young You, Kamila Valieva, and Hana Yoshida. Only 11 have done it in ISU-sanctioned international competitions (Kimmie Meissner, Sofia Akatieva, Sofia Samodelkina, and Ayaka Hosoda did triple axels at national championships).

Values
------

According to the International Judging System, the base value of a triple Axel jump is 8.0, and that of a double Axel is 3.3.

Confusion
---------

Because the Axel is the most famous skating jump, many people make a mistake and call all skating jumps as *Axel jumps*. This has led to many mistakes in sports reporting of figure skating, for example a report in 2006 saying that Miki Ando was the first female skater to land a quad Salchow in an international competition, which is a different jump.
**Shintoho Company, Limited** ( l*New Toho Co. Ltd.*) was a short-lived Japanese film studio. It was founded by defectors from Toho in 1947 and was financed by Daiei. In 1961, Shintoho declared bankruptcy and a successor was founded the same year, named Shintoho Eiga, which went on to specialize in pink films.

Shintoho is considered to be one of the 6 major film studios active during the 1950s' "Golden Age of Japanese Cinema", which also included Toho, Daiei, Nikkatsu, Shochiku, and Toei.

History
-------

Founded in 1947 as an offshoot of Toho after the major company had become struck with labor turmoil, Shintoho began its short existence producing such films as *Stray Dog*, which was later distributed by Toho, and *The Life of Oharu*. However, the company found itself to be outflanked by other much larger studios and appointed Mitsugu Okura as its new top executive in 1955 to guide the company toward better things. Under the guidance of Okura, Shintoho began producing such works as the critically acclaimed Super Giant series, war films, a slew of pink films, and a number of films centered around the supernatural among a handful of others.

In May of 1961, Shintoho declared bankruptcy and two new companies were formed to take its place. Mitsugu Okura, Shintoho's former president, created the Okura Eiga studio after purchasing Shintoho's production facilities in Tokyo. At this time Koichi Goto, a former Shintoho employee, purchased the rights to the Shintoho name and 3 years later established Shintoho Entertainment. In 1972, this new company relocated from Osaka to Tokyo and absorbed another piece of the original Shintoho, as well as receiving a new name: "Shintoho Eiga". Shintoho Eiga also later went on to distribute a number of Shintoho's films and former director for Shintoho, Kiyoshi Komori, began directing pink films for Shintoho Eiga in 1964 until his retirement in the 1970s.
For chemical element, see Ytterbium. For unit of information, see Yottabyte.

**YB**, formed in 1994, is a South Korean rock band. They have made seven studio albums, three live albums, various digital single albums, and DVDs. They sold more than 2 million albums and held more than one hundred live concerts in a year.

YB also use traditional Korean musical instruments including the gayageum, a stringed instrument, and the daegeum, an instrument like the clarinet in their recordings.

Members
-------

 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **Current members*** Dee (Yoon Do-Hyun) – singer
* Taehee (Park Tae-hee) – bass
* Jin (Kim Jin-won) – drums
* Baby J (Heo Jun) – guitar
* Scott Hellowell – guitar

  | **Past members*** Yoo Byung-yeol – guitar
 |

World Cup 2002
--------------

At the 2002 World Cup, YB played songs such as ‘Oh, Pil Seung Korea (Oh, Victory to Korea)’ to millions of fans. South Korea's entry into the semi finals meant that YB's music was heard all over Korea. They won the best music award from Korea’s three main broadcast stations KBS, MBC and SBS. They were given the first WPMA (World Peace Music Award) in 2003 for helping with human rights issues in Korea.

European tour
-------------

YB went on tour in Europe in 2005, the first Korean rock music group to do so. They have released a single in the UK.
**Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga** (born **Joseph-Desiré Mobutu**; 14 October 1917 – 7 September 1997) (/məˈbuːtuː ˈsɛseɪ ˈsɛkoʊ/ (audio speaker iconlisten)) was the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The country was known as Zaire for much of his rule.

Mobutu is commonly known as **Mobutu** or **Mobutu Sese Seko**. While in office, he formed an authoritarian regime, amassed vast personal gain, and attempted to purge the country of all colonial cultural influence. He was an anti-communist.

During the Congo Crisis, Mobutu led a coup against the nationalist government of Patrice Lumumba. He wanted to take control of the government of Congo-Léopoldville. He soon became the army chief of staff. In 1965 he led a second coup to be Prime Minister. Then in 1967 he established a presidential form of government headed by himself. As part of his program of "national authenticity," Mobutu changed the Congo's name to Zaïre in 1971. He changed his own name to Mobutu Sese Seko in 1972. Mobutu established a one-party state and a cult of personality.

During his reign, Mobutu built a highly centralized state. He amassed a large personal fortune through economic exploitation and corruption. Because of this some people called his rule "kleptocracy." The nation suffered from uncontrolled inflation, a large debt, and massive currency devaluations. By 1991 economic deterioration and unrest led him to agree to share power with opposition leaders. He used the army to stop this change. In May 1997 rebel forces, led by Laurent Kabila, removed him from the country.

Mobutu Sese Seko is notorious for the corruption, nepotism, and embezzlement of billions of dollars that took place during his reign. He also had extravagances such as Concorde-flown shopping trips to Paris. Mobutu presided over the country for some four decades, despite many reports of abuses and human-rights violations. As such, many have described him as the "archetypal African dictator".

Mobutu died in 1997 of prostate cancer in Morocco.
The **Okefenokee** is a swamp, a National Wildlife Refuge and a U.S. wilderness area. It is a shallow, 438,000-acre (1,770-square-kilometre), peat-filled wetland straddling the Georgia–Florida border in the United States. 

The Okefenokee is the largest "blackwater" swamp in North America. The term Okefenokee in Native American is "land of trembling earth". The swamp was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1974. The Okefenokee Swamp is considered to be one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Georgia. 

The swamp was formed over the past 6,500 years by the build-up of peat in a shallow basin on the edge of an ancient Atlantic coastal terrace, the geological relic of a Pleistocene estuary. 
The swamp is bordered by Trail Ridge, a strip of higher land believed to have formed as coastal dunes or an offshore barrier island. The Suwanee River drains at least 90% of the swamp's watershed southwest towards the Gulf of Mexico. 

Longtime residents of the Okefenokee Swamp, "Swampers", are mostly of English ancestry. Due to their isolation, the Swampers used Elizabethan phrases and syntax well into the twentieth century. The Suwanee Canal was dug across the swamp in the late nineteenth century in a failed attempt to drain the Okefenokee. After the Suwanee Canal Company's bankruptcy, most of the swamp was bought by the Hebard family of Philadelphia, who logged cypress from 1909 to 1927. Several other logging companies ran railroad lines into the swamp until 1942; some remains are visible across swamp waterways. Most of the Okefenokee Swamp is included in the 403,000 acre (1630 km²) Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge.

A wildfire begun by a lightning strike near the center of the Refuge on May 5, 2007 eventually merged with another wildfire which began near Waycross, Georgia, on April 16 when a tree fell on a power line. By May 31, more than 600,000 acres (2,400 km2), or more than 935 square miles, had burned in the region.

The Okefenokee Swamp Alliance is a conservation group that works for the continued preservation of the swamp.
***Smosh*** is a web-based comedy duo. The members are **Ian Hecox** and **Anthony Padilla** who have been on YouTube since 2005. Today they have over 5 different channels, over 300 videos on their main channel and over 10 million subscribers.

History
-------

Smosh started as early as 2001 when Anthony created a website named smosh.com and started adding flash videos. Shortly after Ian joined him.

They both started their famous YouTube channel Smosh in November 2005 uploading the Pokemon Theme Song which eventually gained 25 million views which was, at the time, the most viewed video on YouTube, however six months later into the fame the video was removed for copyright reasons.

Later on in March 2007 though, a user named Andi2000 re-uploaded the video and today, it has 15 million views. Smosh also re-made the video in November 2010 changing the lyrics a little bit so it wouldn't be removed again.

In 2009 smosh.com had a major redesign. Adding a games section and an extras and bloopers for their skit. 2010 also a new iSHUT UP app available on the App Store and Google Play and three new web-series': Ask Charlie, Lunchtime with Smosh and Ian is Bored.

In January 2013 Smosh became the most subscribed channel on the internet beating Ray William Johnson.

Nowadays, their skits are more general and advanced.

Channels
--------

### Smosh

The head channel where Padilla and Hecox post new skits every Friday.

### IanH

IanH is their second channel which was originally just Hecox's personal channel for unscripted vlogs and such. It's now known for Ian is Bored, where the two do random things and sometimes also do mail times and foreign food tests, Lunchtime with Smosh, where Padilla and Hecox go out to various restaurants to eat different foods and answer twitter questions and Smosh Pit Weekly, a show that features different pieces and internet memes, hosted by the alternative worker, Mari Takahashi. Smosh Pit Weekly is posted every Saturday, while Ian is Bored is posted every second Monday with Lunchtime with Smosh during the other Mondays.

### AnthonyPadilla

Padilla's personal channel, where he does unscheduled vlogs.

### WatchUsLiveAndStuff

Padilla and his girlfriend Kalel made this channel on June 9, 2013 and have been posting vlogs on here since.

### AskCharlie

Based on the January 2010 skit Charlie the Drunk Guinea Pig. This is a channel where Charlie answers questions asked by users. This show ran from January 2010 until December 2011 before he was killed off because it was too hard for Smosh to keep up.

### ElSmosh

ElSmosh is the Spanish version of Smosh where Padilla and Hecox post the Spanish version of Smosh Pit Weekly, El Smosh Pit de la Semana, on Wednesdays, and post a Spanish skit on Sundays, both two days after the English version.

### Shut Up! Cartoons

An animated web-series animated by different animators, post different videos Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Sunday.

### SmoshGames

Smosh's gaming channel, with two new videos every day except for Saturday when they only post one video.

### SmoshCast

See the main article: SmoshCast
Podcast created by Smosh as part of being bought by Mythical Entertainment
Korea looks one to watch DMB mobile phone
**Digital multimedia broadcasting**, or **DMB**, is a technology that allows sending digital signals to mobile devices, such as mobile phones. This makes it possible to listen to radio or watch television on such devices. It was developed in South Korea.

This technology was developed to replace analog radio broadcasting. It can transmit not only sound data but also DVD quality movie data.

DMB is based on Eureka 147 DAB standard which is the European standard. DMB meets the ETSI standard (TS 102 427 and TS 102 428). Now, Republic of Korea can exercise for source of the DMB technology, the satellite DMB broadcast first began in Japan than in the Republic of Korea. In the March 13, 2004, TU Media playing a leading role in business and satellite DMB insert the world's first satellite for with Japan's partner, MBCo DMB 'hanbyeol'. However, In Republic of Korea, selection process for operators was long and put off service, the MBCo in Japan became first DMB country to start the full service all 40 channels from 19 October 2004.

DMB can be received, when attach DMB receiver to the vehicle, or buy mobile phone has the ability to receive DMB, personal portable receiver or receiver which type of output to the monitor when connect personal computer. But there was a problem that the satellite DMB and earthly DMB is not compatible with each other, so user should purchased each terminal separately. However, the Samsung throw open the door to watch satellite DMB and earthly DMB one of the terminals by come out with SPH-B4100. But TU Media side,the satellite DMB service provider rejected the plan, the possibility of the activation of these two-way receiving terminal is currently unclear.

Comparing with terrestrial digital television and digital satellite broadcasting, terrestrial digital television is clear screen even though you are on the high-speed vehicles, but it is limited with range, and lack of channels is disadvantages.
**Shad Begum** (شاد بیگم) is a social worker from Pakistan.  In 2012 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. Department of State.

Life
----

Shad comes from a conservative and religious family. She is the first woman in her family to study in a university. Shad's family supports the political party named Jamaat-i-Islami, a conservative religious party. Shad says she always got support for her work from her father, her brothers, and her husband.

Work
----

In 1994, Shad started the Association for Behaviour and Knowledge Transformation (ABKT). The organization helps women in the area with projects for education, politics, and health. It also has projects for bridges, pumps, wells, streets, and loans for small business. The association gets its money from the Pakistani government and from international groups.

Difficulties
------------

Shad had many problems because the society is conservative and dominated by men. There are very few working women. When the Taliban came to the area, Shad was threatened, so she moved the office to Peshawar.  When Shad received the International Women of Courage Award, she asked news reporters not to write about it, because she was afraid.

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Shad Begum***.

* http://www.abkt.org/ Association for Behaviour and Knowledge Transformation
* 2012 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr
* Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
**Machine learning** gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed (Arthur Samuel, 1959). It is a subfield of computer science.

The idea came from work in artificial intelligence. Machine learning explores the study and construction of algorithms which can learn and make predictions on data. Such algorithms follow programmed instructions, but can also make predictions or decisions based on data. They build a model from sample inputs.

Machine learning is done where designing and programming explicit algorithms cannot be done. Examples include spam filtering, detection of network intruders or malicious insiders working towards a data breach, optical character recognition (OCR), search engines and computer vision.

Using machine learning has risks. Some algorithms create a final model which is a black box. Models have been criticized for biases in hiring, criminal justice, and recognizing faces.

Overview
--------

Learning algorithms try to predict what will happen in the future with patterns from the past. These predictions can be obvious: for example, if the sun rose for the past 10,000 days, it will probably rise again. These predictions can also be more complex. An example of a complex prediction is facial recognition (knowing who someone is by looking at face).

Machine learning programs can do things that is hasn't been told to do by a programmer. Machine learning programs will be shown some patterns. These patterns will be an input (such as a question) and an output (the answer to the question). Then, the machine learning program will predict the output based on the input. Machine learning isn't always necessary. Computers can do simple tasks by being told instructions. However, sometimes there are a lot of things that control the output. Then, it is hard for a human to tell the computer all of the instructions. It is sometimes easier to tell the computer how to teach itself.

There are a lot of different ways to tell the computer to teach itself. When a problem has a lot of answers, different answers can be marked as valid. This is used to form data that the computer is trained with. One example of training data is the MNIST data. The MNIST data has images of handwritten numbers. The computer can learn to identify handwritten numbers using the MNIST data.
**Battery swapping** is an electric vehicle technology that enables the rapid exchange of a depleted battery with a fully charged one. This method provides a swift alternative to traditional charging, commonly applied in electric forklifts. It offers an efficient solution for maintaining electric vehicle functionality without prolonged charging delays.

History
-------

As far back as 1896, people were talking about a service where you could swap out a used-up battery for a fully charged one. The Hartford Electric Light Company actually started offering this service between 1910 and 1924. They did this through the GeVeCo battery service, mainly for electric trucks. If you owned a vehicle, you'd buy it without a battery and then get one separately from the General Vehicle Company (GeVeCo), which was partly owned by General Electric.

Beginning in 1917, a similar service operated in Chicago for owners of Milburn Electric cars. A rapid battery replacement system was implemented to service 50 electric buses at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
**DHL** is an -American founded German international logistics company. The company is providing courier, parcel delivery and express mail services. DHL is a division of the multinational logistics company Deutsche Post. DHL delivers more than 1.6 billion packages a year. It is headquartered in Bonn, Germany.

History
-------

DHL semitrailer truck
### Background

At the beginning of the mass adoption of containers for shipping goods in the 1960s, mail services, mostly monopolies, were inefficient. The cargo documents related with the contents of the containers often also traveled by ship, so they arrived after the cargo, causing the accumulation of containers in the ports.

### Establishment

Between the three founders, they came up with the idea of delivering shipping papers early, by plane, from San Francisco to Honolulu. In this way, customs formalities could begin before the ship reached port. Unloading time was reduced, saving shipowners costs. To make these shipments, the company often gave away airline tickets to travelers willing to carry a suitcase of business documents. The idea was the start of a new industry. This is the international express delivery service that was initially nicknamed "Smuggling as a service".

### Foreign offices

From there, it underwent a great development. In 1970, DHL entered the East Coast of the United States and expanded into the Pacific in 1971. In 1974, it made its first European office in London. Since 1977, DHL has been present in the Middle East and in 1978 it opened its first office in Germany.

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***DHL***.

* Official website
* Major DHL Express feature on Global Aviation Resource
*Solen* by Edvard Munch.
Coat of arms
**Kragerø** is a town and municipality in Telemark County in Norway. Kragerø is a popular vacation destination for Norwegians because of its beautiful coast and many islands.

Geography
---------

View of Kragerø.
The old and new lighthouse on Jomfruland.
The city of Kragerø lies the furthest south in the county of Telemark. The municipality contains a total of 495 islands and many reefs that attract tourists. Popular islands include Skåtøy, Gumøy, Bærøy, Tåtøy and Jomfruland. The island Jomfruland was made into a national park in 2016 which means that tourists have to be careful to take care of the nature on and around the island.

Tourism
-------

One of the ferries in Kragerø.
Aerial view of Langøy and Gumøy.
Tourism is a big part of Kragerø and is responsible for most of the towns income. The town is not attractive only for Norwegians but people from all over the world travel to Kragerø to witness the beautiful blue waters and many islands the municipality has to offer. The towns population is four times higher during the summer than the rest of the year due to the tourists that visit. Many Norwegian tourists that visit own a cottage or small house somewhere in Kragerø, often on one of the islands. These tourists usually have boats to get to the mainland, but there are also many ferries that drive between the mainland and the biggest islands daily.

Connection to painter Edvard Munch
----------------------------------

Famous painter Edvard Munch thought the town was so pretty that he called it "The Pearl of the Coastal Towns". Munch drew many paintings in Kragerø, among them his famous painting *Solen* which pictures the setting sun in Kragerø.

Related pages
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* List of mayors in Norway that are elected until 2027
**University Health Network** (**UHN**) is a group of hospitals in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It does research and teaches people about health. It is the biggest health research group in Canada. It got the most money for research in Canada. From 2015 to 2022, it was the best research hospital in Canada.

The group has three main hospitals. These are Toronto General Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital, and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre. It also has a place for people to get better after they are sick or hurt, called the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute. And it has a school, called The Michener Institute, where people learn about health sciences and leadership. In the year from 2019 to 2020, over 39,000 people stayed in the hospital. Almost 121,000 people went to the hospital for emergencies.

History
-------

The UHN started from many hospitals joining together over time. In 1986, Toronto Western Hospital and Toronto General Hospital became one hospital, called The Toronto Hospital. In 1998, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre joined this hospital. In 1999, the hospital got the name University Health Network. In 2011, the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute joined. This helped patients get better after they were sick or hurt. All four hospitals work with the University of Toronto. They help teach doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers. In 2016, The Michener Institute joined the UHN. This school was first made in 1958. It was the first part of the UHN that wasn't a hospital.

Programs
--------

UHN and another group, called Sinai Health System, work together on a program. This program helps patients get the right antibiotics. It also fights against diseases becoming resistant to antibiotics. The program is led by a doctor who specializes in infectious diseases. His name is Andrew Morris. He started the program in 2009.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, UHN got a grant of $323,981. The grant was from the Public Health Agency of Canada's Immunization Partnership Fund. This money was to help personal support workers and their patients get the COVID-19 vaccine.
**Wong** is a fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe. He is the sidekick and manservant of Doctor Strange, the Sorcerer Supreme of Earth. Wong was first mentioned in the comic *Strange Tales #110* and first appeared in *Strange Tales #147*. In the 2006 miniseries Dr. Strange: the Oath, it was revealed that Wong stems from a family of monks living in Kamar-Taj. He has a cousin currently in training in the occult and has talked to him about one day replacing Wong as a servant to Dr. Strange.

Wong was created by the late Stan Lee and the late Steve Ditko.

Adaptations
-----------

The character was portrayed by Clyde Kusatsu in the 1978 television movie *Dr. Strange*. Benedict Wong portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movies *Doctor Strange* (2016), *Avengers: Infinity War* (2018), *Avengers: Endgame* (2019), *Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings* (2021), *Spider-Man: No Way Home* (2021), and *Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness* as well as the Disney+ series *She-Hulk: Attorney at Law* (both 2022). Additionally, he voices an alternate timeline version in the Disney+ animated series *What If...?* (2021)
*Uarbryichthys* and *Cavenderichthys*
***Uarbryichthys*** is an extinct genus of macrosemiiform fish from fossil beds near the Talbragar River Bed. It is a lake-dwelling fish that lived during the Upper Jurassic of Australia. It has the following species:

* *Uarbryichthys latus* Wade, 1941 (type)
* *Uarbryichthys incertus* Wade, 1953

Description
-----------

*Uarbyichthys* is the largest of the macrosemiids. It is characterized by a large head, with a pointed snout and a small mouth placed in a terminal position, and cartouche-shaped bones. The body is laterally compressed. The dorsal fin is big and high, especially in the front.

The anal and pelvic fins were small, while the pectoral fins were large and fan-shaped. It had a forked caudal fin.

Classification
--------------

*Uarbryichthys* is a representative of the Macrosemiidae, a group of ginglymodian fishes. It is also the only known macrosemiid in Australia.

Some images
-----------

Related pages
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* Ichthyodectes
* Gasterosteoidei
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The **Paralympic Games** or **Paralympics**, are a major international sports event. People with physical disabilities compete in these games. They are called Paralympians. They include people with disabilities that affect movement, amputations, blindness, and cerebral palsy.

There are Winter and Summer Paralympic Games. They are held just after the Olympic Games. All Paralympic Games are governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC).

History
-------

The Paralympics started as a small gathering of British World War I veterans in organised by Sir Ludwig Guttmann in 1948. They became one of the largest international sport events by the early 21st century.

Paralympians
------------

Paralympians have many different kinds of disabilities, so there are several categories in which they compete. The disabilities are in seven broad categories: amputee, cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, wheelchair, visually impaired, and *Les Autres* (This means "the others" in French.) These categories are further broken down which vary from sport to sport.

Paralympians work for equal treatment with able-bodied Olympians. Olympians receive much more money than Paralympians. Some Paralympians have also participated in the Olympic Games.