recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
The Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for:

 ***betrayal***.

For other uses, see Betrayal (disambiguation).
**Betrayal** is when a person breaks the trust and faith of others that trust them. 

In an article made by Rodger L. Jackson, it says that "there is not much definition for this word". In psychology, they say betrayal is the breaking of a social (friendship) related things. But for some people, for example, philosophers called Judith Shklar and Peter Johnson, a person can understand the word better by literature (writings).

Betrayal trauma
---------------

Betrayal trauma happens when someone that a person trusts betrays their trust, and it messes up their memory because of anger. An example of betrayal trauma is childhood physical or childhood problems. Betrayal trauma is similar to post traumatic stress disorder. The difference is that post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is made by fear. Betrayal trauma makes a person fight, and also get into serious crimes for example, discrimination or bullying.
The **CCTV New Year's Gala** (Simplified Chinese: 中国中央电视台春节联欢晚会; Traditional Chinese: 中國中央電視台春節聯歡晚會; Pinyin: *Zhōngguó zhōngyāng diànshìtái chūnjié liánhuān wǎnhuì*) is a Chinese New Year special produced by China Central Television. It was presented by Zhao Zhongxiang.

History
-------

Since 1983, the variety program has been broadcast on the eve of Chinese New Year.

The show features various acts, including

* Skits (小品) with a focus on comedy.
* *Xiangsheng* (相声) or Stand-up comedy
* Song and dance (歌舞)
* Acrobatics *(杂技)*

Across the span of years, viewers have had mixed reactions. According to the *New York Times,* "complaining about the show - with its blend of comedy, singing, dancing and propaganda - is as much a tradition as watching it."

### Guest appearances

Performers who are famous in China are featured:

This list is not complete. You can help by adding to it.
* Jackie Chan (2005; 2009)
* Dashan
* Zhang Ziyi (2000; 2001; 2008)

Other websites
--------------

* 2007 CCTV New Year's Gala (in Chinese)
**Bethesda Softworks** is an American video-games company. It was founded in the city of Bethesda, Maryland, but the headquarters are in Rockville, Maryland.

History
-------

Bethesda Softworks created its first video game in 1989, named *Gridiron*. From this game, they got a contract to make more popular games such as *Terminator* and the *Wayne Gretzki* series. A few games made by Bethesda won the Game of the Year Award, such as Fallout and *The Elder Scrolls* series. This second series consisted of 6 games: *Arena*, *Daggerfall*, *Redguard*, *Morrowind*, *Oblivion* and *Skyrim*.

Bethesda Game Studios
---------------------

Bethesda Game Studios (BGS) is the award-winning, in-house development team at Bethesda Softworks led by game director and executive producer Todd Howard.

In the past, not all BGS titles were published by the Softworks division. However, beginning with *The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion* for the PlayStation 3, Bethesda Softworks began publishing all Bethesda Game Studios games.

Other websites
--------------

* Official website
* Moby
Brian Thomas Littrell (born February 20, 1975) is an He is best known as a member welcome home you In the summer of solo "In Christ alone" went to on the Christian charts on July 4th. Littrell was the winner of the 2006 this when by Michael English) 
**Brian Thomas Littrell** (born February 20, 1975) is an American singer. He is best known as a member of the Backstreet Boys. He is also a contemporary Christian recording artist, and released a solo album, *Welcome Home (You)*, in 2006.

In the summer of 2005, Littrell solo single "In Christ Alone" went to #1 on the Christian Charts on July 4th. Littrell was the winner of the 2006 GMA Music Award for Inspirational Recorded Song of the Year, "In Christ Alone," which won both the 1993 award in this category (when recorded by Michael English) and the 1994 Song of the Year at the GMA Music Awards. Brian's first solo album, *Welcome Home (You)* was released on May 2, 2006. As with the Backstreet Boys albums, is a Sony BMG release.

Littrell and his wife Leighanne Littrell have one son together, Baylee Thomas Wylee Littrell, who was born in November 26, 2002.
Between 1990 and 1996, a total of seven people were killed in Australia. Since all of the people were backpackers, the events are known as **backpacker murders** today. All of their bodies were found in Belangalo State Forest, which is close to Sydney. Ivan Milat killed all of these people.

What happened
-------------

7 people were found in Belangalo State Forest. Five of these people were visiting Australia - three Germans and two British people. The other two were visiting Sydney from other parts of Australia. Some of these people were by themselves. Some of these people were with a friend. The 7 people were all different from each other.

### Television report

On the TV they said that tourists were killed, but not everyone who died was a tourist. 

### The crimescene

The 7 people were found all over Belangalo State Forest, which is a big area. One of them had their head chopped off. Someone had sex with some of them. Some of them had their clothes taken off. Some of them had bits of their bodies cut off and put somewhere else. Some of the bodies were by themselves. 

#### Deaths

Some of the people had been killed with a knife. Some had been killed with a gun. Some seemed to have been strangled.

The 7 people who died had nothing in common. People who tried to find out who did it said that there may have been more than one person who killed them. They said that they may have been a part of a gang.

Catching Ivan Milat
-------------------

Ivan Milat (born 1944 died 2019) was an Australian man from New South Wales who lived near Belangalo State Forest. So police arrested Milat and searched his house. They found out that:

* Milat had a gun similar to the weapon used to murder the victims and items that belonged to the victims.
* One man in England said that he was nearly killed by Milat.
* Police then said that Ivan Milat must have tried to kill that man. They also said that Ivan Milat may have killed all of the other people.

Milat went to court, and people in court said that he did kill all of these people.

The mystery
-----------

Some people think that other people helped Milat. Some people said his brothers helped him, or a girl, or lots of other people. Police have said that there are more than 30 people that went missing that might have been killed by Milat.
**Backpropagation** is a method of training neural networks to perform tasks more accurately. The algorithm was first used for this purpose in 1974 in papers published by Werbos, Rumelhart, Hinton, and Williams. The term backpropagation is short for "backward propagation of errors".

It works especially well for feed forward neural networks (networks without any loops) and problems that require supervised learning.

How it works
------------

The idea is to test how wrong the neural network is and then correct it. This is repeated many times.

With a little more detail:

1. You create a loss function, which shows how far the answers from the neural net are from the real answers. (This is often done many times. After that you take the average)
2. You calculate how to adjust the parameters (weights and biases) inside the neural net through the derivative of the loss function. Specifically, the chain rule is used to find the derivative with respect to each parameter.
3. You adjust the parameters. How you adjust the parameters is based on your training method, with one of the simplest being gradient descent .

  

This is repeated until the neural network is good enough at its job -i.e. its error as measured by the loss function is low.
**Barnett Newman** (January 29, 1905 – July 4, 1970) was an American artist. He is one of the major figures in abstract expressionism, and a leading "color field" painter.

Newman was born in New York City, the son of Jewish immigrants from Poland. He studied philosophy at the City College of New York and worked in his father's business making clothing. He later made a living as a teacher, writer and critic. From the 1930s on he made paintings said to be in an expressionist style. He later destroyed all these works.

Throughout the 1940s he worked in a surrealist vein before developing his mature style. This has areas of pure color separated by thin vertical lines, or "zips" as Newman called them. In the first works featuring zips, the color fields are variegated, but later the colors are pure and flat. Newman himself thought that he reached his fully mature style with the Onement series (from 1948). The zips define the spatial structure of the painting, while simultaneously dividing and uniting the composition.

Newman died of a heart attack in New York City. He was unappreciated as an artist for much of his life, being overlooked in favour of more colorful characters such as Jackson Pollock. Some critics wrote admiringly about him, but it was not until the end of his life that he began to be taken seriously. He was, however, an important influence on many younger artists.

Other websites
--------------

* See his work at artsy.net:
"**Beloved Isle Cayman**" is the anthem of the Cayman Islands.

Lyrics
------

O land of soft, fresh breezes  

And verdant trees so fair,  

With the Creator's glory  

Reflected ev'rywhere,  

O sea of palest em'rald,  

Merging to darkest blue,  

Whene'er my thoughts fly Godward,  

I always think of you.  

  

Dear, verdant island, set in blue Caribbean Sea,  

I'm coming, coming very soon, o beautious isle, to thee.  

Although I wandered far,  

My heart enshrines thee yet.  

Homeland, fair Cayman Isle,  

I cannot thee forget.  

  

Away from noise of cities,  

Their fret and carking care,  

With moonbeams' soft caresses,  

Unchecked by garish glare,  

Thy fruit with rarest juices,  

Abundant, rich and free,  

When sweet church bells are chiming,  

My fond heart yearns for thee.   

  

When tired of all excitement  

And glam'rous worldly care,  

How sweet thy shores to reach  

And find a welcome there,  

And when comes on the season  

Of peace, goodwill to man,  

'Tis then I love thee best of all,  

Beloved Isle Cayman.
*Nocturne: Blue and Gold - Old Battersea Bridge* by James McNeill Whistler (1872), Tate Britain, London, England
**Battersea Bridge** is a cast-iron and granite five-span cantilever bridge crossing the River Thames in London, England. It is on a sharp bend in the river, and links Battersea south of the river with Chelsea to the north.

The first Battersea Bridge was a toll bridge. Although a stone bridge was planned, a cheaper wooden bridge was built instead. Designed by Henry Holland, it was opened to pedestrians in November 1771, and to vehicles in 1772. The bridge was poorly designed. It was dangerous to its users and to passing shipping. Boats often collided with it. To reduce the dangers to shipping, two piers were removed, and the sections of the bridge above them were strengthened with iron girders.

Although dangerous and unpopular, the bridge was the last surviving wooden bridge across the Thames in London. It was the subject of paintings by Turner, Cotman and Whistler.

In 1879 the bridge was taken into public ownership, and in 1885 demolished and replaced with the existing bridge, designed by Joseph Bazalgette. It is the narrowest surviving road bridge over the Thames in London, and one of London's least busy Thames bridges. The position on a bend in the river makes the bridge a hazard to shipping, and it has been closed many times due to collisions.

In June 2012, the bridge was highlighted on the route of Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Pageant on the Thames. The Battersea Bridge area marked the official start of the parade of ships and boats moving towards Tower Bridge.

Related pages
-------------

* List of crossings of the River Thames

Other websites
--------------

* Media related to Battersea Bridge at Wikimedia Commons
Different kinds of old batteries
A worker is recycling the lead from batteries.
Many batteries are thrown away in regular waste after they have been used. **Battery recycling** is a name of the process of separately collecting such batteries so that they can be disposed of properly. Batteries contain metals such as lead, copper or zinc. In the form that is used in the batteries, these metals are very harmful to the environment - most are toxic. Collecting the batteries allows the extraction of some of the metals, which can then be re-used, not thrown away. The parts that cannot be extracted or re-used are disposed of in a way that is less harmful to the environment. For this reason, many countries have rules that say that a given percentage of all batteries must be re-cycled.

Battery composition by type
---------------------------

*Italics* designates button cell types.  

**Bold** designates secondary types.  

All figures are percentages; due to rounding they may not add up to exactly 100.

| Type | Fe | Mn | Ni | Zn | Hg | Li | Ag | Cd | Co | Al | Pb | Other | KOH | Paper | Plastic | Alkali | C | Acids | Water | Other |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Alkaline | 24.8 | 22.3 | 0.5 | 14.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.3 |  | 1 | 2.2 | 5.4 | 3.7 |  | 10.1 | 14 |
| Zinc-carbon | 16.8 | 15 |  | 19.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.1 | 0.8 |  | 0.7 | 4 | 6 | 9.2 |  | 12.3 | 15.2 |
| Lithium | 50 | 19 | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 2 |  |  | 19 |
| *Mercury-oxide* | 37 | 1 | 1 | 14 | 31 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  | 3 |  | 1 |  | 3 | 7 |
| *Zinc-air* | 42 |  |  | 35 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 | 4 | 1 |  | 10 | 3 |
| *Lithium* | 60 | 18 | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  | 2 |  |  | 13 |
| *Alkaline* | 37 | 23 | 1 | 11 | 0.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 | 2 | 2 |  | 6 | 14 |
| *Silver oxide* | 42 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 0.4 |  | 31 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2 | 1 | 0.5 |  | 2 | 4 |
| **Nickel-cadmium** | 35 |  | 22 |  |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10 | 2 |  |  | 5 | 11 |
| **NiMH** | 20 | 1 | 35 | 1 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 9 | 4 |  |  | 8 | 8 |
| **Li-ion** | 22 |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | 18 | 5 |  | 11 |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |  | 28 |
| **Lead-acid** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 65 | 4 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 16 |  | 5 |
A balancing scale, commonly associated with law and justice.
**Battery** is the intentional and offensive or harmful contact with another person. The exact definition varies by jurisdiction. In criminal law the elements of battery are physical contact that causes harm or offensive contact without that person's consent. Battery is often confused with assault which is threatening battery. Battery is when the threat (assault) is carried out and the person is harmed in some way. Criminal battery and civil battery may be the same or differ slightly depending on jurisdiction. In many cases the act of battery can result in both criminal and civil liability.

Civil vs Criminal battery
-------------------------

Civil battery is a tort. It is a wrong committed against another person that results in damage. It is also called an intentional tort. In most cases they are the result of negligence, caused by carelessness or recklessness. The person on whom the battery was committed, the victim, may bring a lawsuit in court to collect monetary damages.

Criminal battery is the result of breaking a law regarding harming another person. Criminal cases are prosecuted by the state. There are four elements to criminal battery:

* Touching which is harmful or offensive.
* Contact was to the victim's person.
* Intent, that the act was deliberate.
* Causation, that something happened as a result of the act.

If all four elements can be proved, a *prima facie* case exists to go ahead and prosecute the offender.

In most cases the civil lawsuit follows a criminal trial. A person found not-guilty in a criminal trial does not prevent the victim from filing a civil suit. The burden of proof is usually lower in a civil court than in a criminal court.

Aggravated battery vs simple battery
------------------------------------

When a court refers to 'battery', what is usually meant is simple battery. Simple battery is more often a misdemeanor. The elements of simple battery include:

* The use of force that is unauthorized or unlawful.
* Battery to the person of another.
* There is a physical injury or touching in an offensive manner.

Aggravated battery is more serious than simple battery. In most jurisdictions aggravated battery is a felony. What defines aggravated battery can vary, but most often in includes:

* The use of a deadly weapon.
* Cases where the result is serious bodily injury.
* The battery involves a hate crime
* Battery is committed against a vulnerable person: a child, an elderly person, or a pregnant woman.
* Battery committed against police officer is it usually considered aggravated battery.
For the Mahayana sutra of the same name, see Brahmajala Sutra (Mahayana).

The **Brahmajala Sutta** is the first of 34 suttas in the Digha Nikaya (the Long Discourses of the Buddha). The name comes from 'brahma' (perfect wisdom) and 'jala' (net-which-embraced-all-views). The sutta is also called 'Atthajala' (Net of Essence), Dhammajala, (Net of the Dhamma), Ditthijala (Net of Views), Anuttarasangama Vijaya (Incomparable Victory in Battle).

The sutta discusses two main topics: the elaboration of the **Ten Precepts** (Cula-sila), the **Middle Precepts** (Majjhima-sila), and the **Great Precepts** (Maha-sila). Cula-sila deals with the Ten Precepts to be practised by devout buddhists, while Majjhima-sila gives a detailed description of the practice of the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth precepts, together with the practise of plant conservation and speech etiquette.

The second and third parts of the sutta discuss the **62 beliefs** (ditthi) or "views" held by ascetics in the Ganges plains ( in what is now India) during the life of the Buddha. These are divided into: 18 beliefs related to the past (pubbantanuditthino), and 44 beliefs about the future (aparantakappika).

Many of these beliefs are still relevant in the modern world and thus the sutta provides Buddhist scholars with much information to ponder about the Buddha's teachings.

The elaboration of these beliefs is very detailed, focusing on how the beliefs (faiths) come to be and the way they are described and declared. The elaboration ends with the Buddha's statement about the **danger of clinging to these beliefs**, as they are still influenced by desire (lobha), hatred (dosa), and ignorance (moha) that its faithful followers will not end in the final liberation but still in the cycle of samsara. Believers of these faiths are compared to small fish in a pond which will be captured by a fine net no matter how much they want to escape, while those who see reality as it is are beyond the net of samsara.

Related pages
-------------

* Milinda Panha
* Aggañña Sutta
* Soul
* Vipassana jhanas
* God in Buddhism
* Twelve Nidanas

Other websites
--------------

* Brahmajala Sutta Translation from UK Archived 2009-01-23 at the Wayback Machine
**Belote** is a French 32 card trick-taking game. This game requires four players divided into two teams. There are many kinds of belote : "belote," "belote coinchée," and "belote avec annonce". All of them come from a Dutch game, played since 1600.

Rules
-----

### Dealing

The dealer may choose to shuffle the deck. The previous dealer, on the left, must cut the deck. He must deal the all deck in three time (3+2+3).

### Betting

Once the card are dealt, players start to bet on the number of point. To bet, the player need to tell the trump he wants, and bet at least 10 point higher than the previous player. The first player have to bet at least 80, half of all the point. If a player have King and queen from the trump color, the team get 20 bonus points.
Even though there is only 4 color in the game, there is 6 kind of trump: Clubs ♣ Diamonds ♦ Hearts ♥ Spades ♠ "No trump" "All trumps".
When a player chooses "no trump" or "all trump", he must choose a color. the points of this color will be count as trump, all the other will be count as No trump.

### Basic rules

Every kind of belote share some basic rules:

* The asked color must be played during a trick
* If the color cannot be played, a trump must be played unless a teammate played the stronger card
* When trump is played, a stronger trump must be played
* The order of the cards are (from highest to lowest rank):
	+ Trump: J 9 A 10 K Q 8 7
	+ Non-trump: A 10 K Q J 9 8 7
* the last trick brings 10 more points.

In every belote game points are counted depending on the card and their trump status then:

Trump : J=20, 9=14, A=11 10=10, K=4, Q=3, 8=0, 7=0
Non-trump : A=11, 10=10, K=4, Q=3, J=2, 9=0, 8=0, 7=0

Tips
----

The basic strategy of this game is to count the trump cards. But it is also recommend to count all the other color, the deck is small, only 32 cards.

### Betting strategy

Betting is the only way to communicate with a team mate, that is why even if a hand is weak, betting will help a teammate to bet or play.

### Playing strategy

#### Defending strategy

A team will have to play a defending strategy if they have less trump than the other team. The only rules with a defensive game is to save every point. One should not expect more than one trick for each colors.

#### Attacking strategy

The usual strategy for the attacking team is to try make the opponent lose their trumps, so they will not be able to cut the other trick. Once it is done they may start to think about trying to get the ace or 10 card. There is only one way to get an ace: to cut it. That is why whenever a team mate is about to take the current trick, someone should play the colour in which someone has one less card. To get a ten someone may play an ace at the second trick or cut it.
**Bleta "Bebe" Rexha** (born August 30, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. Rexha was born in New York City. She signed a contract with Warner Bros. Records in 2013. Rexha helped write Eminem and Rihanna's song "The Monster". The song got a Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Performance. Rexha also helped write songs recorded by Shinee, Selena Gomez and Nick Jonas.

Rexha released her first extended play, *I Don't Wanna Grow Up*, in 2015. It had some success with the song "I'm Gonna Show You Crazy".

Rexha released two more extended plays, *All Your Fault: Pt. 1* and *All Your Fault: Pt. 2*. Those had some success with the songs "I Got You" and "The Way I Are (Dance with Somebody)". She also had success with songs, including "Me, Myself & I" with G-Easy, "In the Name of Love" with Martin Garrix and "Meant to Be" with Florida Georgia Line. The latter song went to number two on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100.

Rexha has won several awards, including RadioDisney, iHeart and Edison Awards for her singing.
**Brahmo Samaj** is a Hindu reform movement founded in the 19th century in India.

History of Brahmo Samaj
-----------------------

During the 19th century Indian society had various social and religious problems in the Indian society. Several movements were started to help reform the society various "samajs" were formed. These included the Prathna Samaj, the Satya Shodhak Samaj, the Theosophical Society, and others. The Brahmo Samaj was one of these. It was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in the year 1828. It can also be said as the first attempt by the Indians to reform their religion and end its harmful practices. While under Keshab Chandra Sen it was able to make great progress and set up many branches across India. The Brahma Samaj helped reform the Indian society.

Reforms
-------

Some of its important reforms were to end the practice of sati (the widow committing suicide on her dead husband's funeral pyre), opposing the worship of many gods, ending costly sacrifices and meaningless rituals. The movement proposed the belief that God is omnipresent, promoted inter-caste and widow remarriage, opposed child marriage and polygamy, and more.

Doctrine
--------

The following doctrines, as noted in Renaissance of Hinduism, are common to all varieties and offshoots of the Brahmo Samaj:

* Brahmo Samajists have no faith in any scripture (holy writings) as an authority.
* Brahmo Samajists have no faith in Avatars (gods taking on a bodily form).
* Brahmo Samajists denounce polytheism (multiple gods) and idol-worship.
* Brahmo Samajists are against caste restrictions.
* Brahmo Samajists make belief in the doctrines of Karma and rebirth optional.
Caravan
A **caravan** (from Persian: کاروان) is a group of people traveling together. Often they are on a trade expedition. Caravans were used mainly in desert areas and throughout the Silk Road. Traveling in groups aided in defense against bandits, in the same way that convoys at sea helped protect against piracy. It also helped improve economies of scale in trade. In the 14th century there were reports of caravans of up to 12,000 camels.

In historical times, caravans traveled across East Asia and Europe. They often carried luxurious and lucrative goods, such as silks or jewelry. They would trade these for salt, gold, copper or slaves. At first donkey carts were used. They were replaced with the single hump camel. The camel could go great distances on very little water.

Caravans could require a large investment in goods and camels. They were a rich target for bandits. The profits from a successful trade journey could be great. Many rulers along important trade routes created **caravanserai** (way stations). These were places where caravans could refresh their animals and supplies can be replenished. However, the volume a caravan could transport was limited. For example, a caravan of 500 camels could only transport as much as a third or half of the goods carried by a regular Byzantine merchant sailing ship.

Present-day caravans still transport important goods in less-developed areas of the world. Examples are the camel trains traversing the southern edges of the Sahara Desert. Also, modern caravans are often made up of cars, trucks and busses.
Awadeya Mahmoud with U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry in 2016
**Awadeya Mahmoud** or **Awwadah Mahmoud Koko** (Arabic: عوضية محمود كوكو ) is a tea seller and activist from Sudan. She started the Women’s Food and Tea Sellers’ Cooperative and the Women’s Multi-Purpose Cooperative for Khartoum State. In 2016, she received the International Women of Courage Award.

Work
----

Mahmoud lived in southern Kordofan. Because of war in south Sudan, she moved to Khartoum. She started to sell tea by the side of the road. Every day, the local police harassed her and threatened her. She could not go to the government, so she organized women. She helped them talk to politicians and use the media to get attention for their problems. The police put her in jail for four years. Finally the courts of Sudan said she was free. With the help of the Sudanese Development Association, an NGO, she started an organization to help the women who sell tea.

At first there were three cooperatives. During 2015, the project increased to 36 cooperatives in seven areas of Khartoum region. Now there are more than 7,500 women in the original three cooperatives.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Awadeya Mahmoud***.

* 2016 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr
* Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
**Bulgaria** sent people to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The country is sending one person, para-Nordic skier Svetoslav Georgiev. Georgiev competed at the Paralympics before. In 2014, he finished 16th in the 1 km sprint qualification race.

Team
----

Bulgaria is sending one person to compete at the 2018 Winter Paralympics. The person is blind skier Svetoslav Georgiev. Chairman of the Bulgarian Paralympic Association Iliya Lalov said they do not have high expectations. The country is good at Summer Paralympics. They are not good at winter sports like skiing.

The table below contains the list of members of people (called "Team Bulgaria") that will be participating in the 2018 Games.

Team Bulgaria| Name | Sport | Gender | Classification | Events | ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Svetoslav Georgiev | para-Nordic skiing | male | B3 |  |  |

History
-------

Bulgaria has never won a medal at the Winter Paralympics. The country sent two people to the 2014 Winter Paralympics, and three people to the 2010 Winter Paralympics. The 2010 team included Joana Ermenkova, Alexander Stoyanov and Ivan Vatov.

Para-Nordic skiing
------------------

### Skiers

Svetoslav Georgiev competed at the Paralympics before. In 2014, he finished 16th in the 1 km sprint qualification race. That was two spots ahead of the other Bulgarian, Jelez Kolev, who competed in the same race. His best international ranking has been 27th. That was in 2014. The most recent recent ranking was in January 2018. He was ranked 36th.

Georgiev is a member of the National Sports Academy Ski Club.  He is coached by Ivan Birnikov.  When he was young, his father encouraged him to practice sport.  He started skiing when he was a 7-year-old.  He started competing internationally in 2011. He was Bulgaria's flag bearer at the closing ceremony of the 2014 Paralympic Winter Games in Sochi.  He has also represented Bulgaria in para-athletics.
**Bronchiectasis** is an obstructive lung disease. It is caused by inflammation of the bronchi. It is sometimes said to be part of the group of diseases called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. People with bronchiectasis have swollen bronchi.

Signs
-----

People with bronchiectasis have pain in their chests. Some people with bronchiectasis make sputum that is green or pale yellow. The most common symptom of bronchiectasis is a cough that does not go away. 9 out of 10 people with the disease have this symptom. 3 out of 4 people with bronchiectasis often cough up a lot of sputum. This causes tiredness. People with bronchiectasis may also cough up blood. This is called haemoptysis. People with bronchiectasis may have bad breath. Some people with bronchiectasis have sinusitis that does not go away.

Types
-----

There are three kinds of bronchiectasis. These are:

* Cylindrical bronchiectasis
* Varicose bronchiectasis
* Saccular or cystic - This is the most severe type. It is often found in people with cystic fibrosis.

Causes
------

People can be born with bronchiectasis or they can develop it later. In about 4 out of 10 cases, a cause is found. People who have rheumatoid arthiritis and smoke are ten times more likely to have the disease. Patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency have also been found to be more likely to get bronchiectasis but it is not known why.

Diagnosis
---------

It is usually diagnosed using a CT scan.

Treatment
---------

Antibiotics are used to treat bronchiectasis. It can also be treated with other drugs. Sometimes surgery is needed.

Prevention
----------

To prevent bronchiectasis, it is essential to avoid lung infections and lung damage that can cause it. Children should get vaccines to protect against measles, whooping cough, and pneumonia. Parents should watch their children to prevent them from breathing in small objects like food or toys. People with bronchiectasis should avoid smoking and breathing in harmful fumes or gases that can cause infections and more problems.

To slow down the progress of this long-term disease, doctors recommend keeping the airways clear and removing mucus from the lungs. Antibiotics can be used to treat infections and stop the cycle of damage and more infections. Regular vaccines for pneumonia, the flu, and whooping cough can also help. Maintaining a healthy body weight and seeing a doctor regularly can also be helpful. The severity of symptoms and the extent of damage seen on X-rays can affect how likely a person is to survive this disease.

History
-------

René Laennec wrote the first description of bronchiectasis in 1819.
**Beyblade: Metal Fusion**, or also known as **Metal Fight Beyblade** (メタルファイトベイブレード *Metarufaitobeiburēdo*) in Japan and other Asia regions, is the first anime of the *Metal Saga*. It was succeeded by *Beyblade: Metal Masters (Metal Fight Beyblade Explosion)*.

Information | edit source
-------------------------

Beyblade: Metal Fusion is adapted from the first four volumes of the manga, *Metal Fight Beyblade*. The manga the anime is based on was a reboot of the Beyblade franchise. As such, both anime and manga have nothing to do with the Bakuten Shoot Beyblade series before it.

### Comparison with the Original Seriesedit | edit source

* The Metal Saga consists of a whole new set of characters and a new storyline.
* Similar to the previous work, Metal Fusion uses constellation-based motifs (Original Series: (Four Sacred Beasts)).
* Unlike the previous work, that consisted mostly of team battles, this work features mostly individual battles. Furthermore, Japan was the primary setting for the Original Series.
* In the English dub, Beyblades are now referred to as "Beys" instead of "Blades", following the Japanese version of the Bakuten Shoot Beyblade anime series
* The spirits in Beyblades are known as avatars (same goes to Burst), while the Original Series called them Bit-Beasts.

Broadcast | edit source
-----------------------

* **April 5, 2009**: Beyblade: Metal Fusion began broadcasting on TV Tokyo.
* It aired in the US on Saturdays at 7:30 on Cartoon Network.
* Metal Fusion is currently available for streaming at Netflix.

History | edit source
---------------------

* **2008**: Development for a new mixed-media project began, following the conclusion of the Original Series. This included both a manga and anime series.

Synopsis| edit source
---------------------

Gingka Hagane. A young beyblader who is searching the hidden secrets of his past, with his partner Storm Pegasus. On a training journey, Gingka Hagane stumbles upon Metal Bey City, where he meets a bunch of friends and interesting rivals. What happens when Gingka and his friends set off on the journey of defeating the Dark Nebula organization? How will Gingka Hagane defeat Ryuga and his forbidden bey, Lightning L-Drago.

Plot
----

The series follows the adventures of Gingka Hagane, a beyblader who is searching for his hidden past while trying to defeat the evil Dark Nebula organization and Ryuga, a man with the Forbidden Bey known as Lightning L-Drago.

The plot varies between the manga and anime with several differences. One notable difference is that in the manga, the Beys transform for their upgrades, while in the anime, the characters just switch parts or get an entirely new Bey. Another difference is that, in the manga, the characters started with the Metal System (4-piece top), while in the anime they started with the Hybrid Wheel System (5-piece top).

*
Beth Ditto
**Beth Ditto** (born February 19, 1981) is an American singer-songwriter. She is known for being the singer of the Gossip.

Early life
----------

Ditto grew up in Searcy, Arkansas. She lived in a two-bedroom house with her mother and six siblings until she was 13. Then she went to live with her aunt Jannie. Ditto moved to Olympia, Washington in 1999 with friends.

Career
------

In 1999 Ditto started Gossip with guitarist Nathan "Brace Paine" Howdeshell and drummer Kathy Mendonça. In August 2000 they played at the first Ladyfest in Olympia. There were over 2000 people there.

On January 23 2001 Gossip's first album *That's Not What I Heard* was released by Kill Rock Stars.

Their second album, *Movement*, was released the next year.

In 2006 their third studio album *Standing in the Way of Control* was released. A remix of *Standing in the Way of Control* by Soulwax was used as the theme song of the UK teen drama Skins. The album was successful in the UK and Ditto became famous there.

In 2006 NME put her at the top of their year's Cool List. In 2009 she made a clothing collection for Evans, a UK store that sells clothes for plus-size women. In October 2012, *Coal to Diamonds*, a book Ditto wrote with Michelle Tea about her life so far, was published. In May 2013 she did a video for Rookie magazine's Ask a Grown Woman. In June 2013 she sung on the single "A Rose By Any Name" by Blondie.

Personal life
-------------

She is a feminist.

In March 2013 she was arrested.

When she was 15 she realized that she is a lesbian. She dated Freddie Fagula for nine years. She married Kristin Ogata in Hawaii in July 2013.
Beth Groundwater in 2010
**Beth Groundwater** is an American author who has written two novels in the Claire Hanover gift basket designer mystery series, *A Real Basket Case* and *To Hell in a Handbasket*. The first, published in March, 2007, was put up for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007. The sequel, *To Hell in a Handbasket* was published in May, 2009. She writes in the Mystery genre, and has also written several short stories.

Writing career
--------------

Groundwater first began writing fiction in the fifth grade, and in high school took an outside study in English. She went to the College of William and Mary and got a degree in Psychology and Computer Science in 1978. She worked in another job until 1999, then she chose to become a writer.

After going to a few writers' meetings, she began writing short stories. Seven were published before she met a literary agent who agreed to publish her first novel, *A Real Basket Case*. It was published in 2007, and was put up for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007. Of her short stories, eight have been published and one was written in Farsi. Another of Groundwater's short stories has been made into a live play.

Awards
------

Groundwater's writings have won several awards. Her first novel was put up for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007. Groundwater's short stories have won awards also. Her short story "New Zealand" won first place in the 2003 PPW Paul Gillette Memorial Writing Contest, and was the winner of the Rocky Mountain Fiction Writers Short Story Anthology Contest. "Flamingo Fatality" won the Great Manhattan Mysteries Conclave Short Story Anthology Contest in 2005, and her 2005 short story "Lucky Bear" was first in the Storyteller Magazine Flash Fiction Contest.
**Candice Michelle Beckman-Ehrlich** (born September 30, 1978 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is an American professional wrestler, actress, and model. She is better known as **Candice Michelle** or just **Candice**. Beckman is best known for wrestling for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).

World Wrestling Entertainment
-----------------------------

Candice Michelle came to WWE as a contestant in the 2004 Diva Search. Although she did not win, WWE hired her anyway. At first, Candice Michelle did not have much to do on the program. Over the next several years, she was trained as a wrestler and started doing more work. She was mainly used in unusual matches. For example, "Bra and panties matches" are matches where the winner is the person removes the other persons clothing leaving them wearing only their bra and panties.

At the *Vengeance* PPV on June 24, she defeated Melina to win the WWE Women's Title for the first time.

Michelle was released from her WWE contract on June 19, 2009.

Personal life
-------------

Candice married Dr. Ken Gee Ehrlich, a West Los Angeles chiropractor on May 7, 2005.

Media
-----

During Candice's career, she has been in many television series, magazine pictorials, fashion shows, and movies. She has been in the movies *Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story*(as a dancer), *Confessions of a Dangerous Mind*, *High Crimes*, and *Horrorween*. In television, she has been on *Party of Five*, *The Man Show*, *Playboy TV's Totally Busted*, *The Tonight Show with Jay Leno*, and *Monk*. Her most notable appearance was her appearance on *Hotel Erotica*. She has also posed nude for several magazines including *Playboy*. She is also the spokesperson for the internet company GoDaddy.com.

Other websites
--------------

* Official site
* WWE Profile
* Candice Michelle on IMDb
**Macconago Castle** (Italian: **Castello di Macconago**) is a castle defensive of medieval origin in the ancient village of Macconago, a locality in the municipality of Milan near the Prada Foundation, inside the Mirasole Oasis.

History
-------

The history of the castle of Macconago dates back to 1030 when a square defensive structure was first erected, completed in 1040 with the construction of a series of watchtowers. The structure was entrusted in castellania to the Pusterla family (whose coats of arms can still be admired today at the two main entrances on the front and back), which however fell out of favor with the Visconti, who definitively requisitioned the castle, later entrusted to the Vimercati family, then passing to the Calchi family, the Marliani, the Ferrario, the Tarlaini, the Greppi and the Gavanas, current owners of the structure.

Structure
---------

The structure of the castle, with the typical square plan, has watchtowers and embattled walkways that have also undergone various transformations and extensions over the centuries. The castle is organized on three floors, of which the only original from the fourteenth century is in the basement, being the one less altered by subsequent interventions.

Inside, the structure retains traces of Renaissance-era graffiti. On the ground floor there are also some period stables. In front of the castle there is also a church dating back to the 18th century.

Related pages
-------------

* Castle of Tolcinasco
* Castle of Cassino Scanasio
Bundessozialgericht, Kassel
The **Bundessozialgericht** (German for *Federal Social Court*) is the German federal supreme court of appeals for social security cases. The court was created on 11 September 1954 to hear cases about public health insurance, long-term care insurance, pension insurance and occupational accident insurance plans. These cases usually start in the *Sozialgerichte* ("Social Courts"), then the *Landessozialgerichte* ("Superior State Social Courts"), before the cases wind up at the *Bundessozialgericht*.

The *Bundessozialgericht* is located in the city of Kassel.

Other website
-------------

* Official homepage

  


| * v
* t
* e
Courts of Germany |
| --- |
| Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court) | BundesadlerBundesadler |
| Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Federal Administrative Court) | Bundesgerichtshof (Federal Court of Justice) | Bundesfinanzhof (Federal Finance Court) | Bundesarbeitsgericht (Federal Labour Court) | Bundessozialgericht (Federal Social Court)

 |

Coordinates: 51°18′53″N 9°26′58″E﻿ / ﻿51.31472°N 9.44944°E﻿ / 51.31472; 9.44944
**Cassino Scanasio Castle** (Italian: **Castello di Cassino Scanasio**) is a castle defensive of medieval origin. It is in the ancient village of Rozzano near the Prada Foundation, inside the Mirasole Oasis.

History
-------

The Castle of Cassino Scanasio dates back to 1000 AD. In some documents, the presence of a fortified rural building called  *"casinae scanasane"*  with appurtenances on the surrounding land is mentioned for the first time.

The real turning point for the structure came at the beginning of the sixteenth century when the complex was bought by the Milanese family of Trivulzio. They changed it from a fortress into a real country house, having the characteristic towers built cylindrical.

In 1836, the castle was bought by the Visconti di Modrone family.

Structure
---------

The castle, with a quadrangular structure, stands near the West Milan ring road, in a position that was once strategic for controlling both access to the capital of the Duchy of Milan from that point and the surrounding countryside.

Once surrounded by a moat with water, the same was filled by hiding the base of the towers which therefore appear more squat than normal, and which were built after the walls. Access to the structure is possible through a brick ravelin that replaces what once must have been a wooden drawbridge.

It is accessed through the masonry bridge that connects to the main entrance on whose key of the arch the visonteo snake is imprinted.

Related pages
-------------

* Castle of Macconago
* Castle of Tolcinasco
The **Bogosort** is considered one of the worst sorting algorithms. It works by creating random arrangements of given values and randomly moving them until they are sorted. It is not effective for any form of sorting.

Algorithm
---------

The Bogosort first takes in a set of values from a user. Next it randomly arranges these values.
If the values are now in a sorted order, then the function is finished, else the function repeats itself.

A working analogy for the Bogosort is to sort a deck of cards by throwing them into the air, picking them up at random, and repeating the process until they are sorted.

Implementation
--------------

1. Have a set of values to test.
2. Sort using Bogo (Randomly arrange values).
3. Check if the new arrangement of values is sorted.
4. If sorted, then end the function.
5. If not sorted, then repeat step 2.

Simple Example
--------------

Array = (3,1 ,5 ,7 ,8 ,9)

1st shuffling = (1,3,7,8,9,5)

2nd shuffling = (3,7,8,6,9,1)

3rd shuffling = (7,6,3,8,9,1)

4th shuffling = (6,7,8,9,3,1)

5th shuffling = (3,6,7,8,9,1)

(continued shuffling) ...

(After final shuffling): Sorted Array = (1,3,6,7,8,9)

Coding Example
--------------

The following code is done in Python 3:

```
import random 

def is\_sorted(data): 
    for i in range(len(data) - 1): 
        if data[i] > data[i + 1]:
            return False
    return True

def bogosort(data):
    while not is\_sorted(data): 
        random.shuffle(data)
    return data

```
**Caernarfon**, officially the **Caernarfon Royal Town** (pronounced *Kyer-narvon*), is a royal town and community in Gwynedd, an area of Wales. It has a population of 9,852 people, according to the 2011 census.

It is 8.6 miles (13.8 km) south-west of the city of Bangor and 19.4 miles (31.2 km) north of Porthmadog. It is on the Menai Strait, opposite Anglesey. The A487 goes through the town.

It is a royal town. Queen Elizabeth II made Caernarfon a royal borough in 1963. Since 1974, the town has not been a borough but was allowed to keep its royal title. 

The town is home to Caernarfon Castle, a castle that was built between 1283 and 1330 by order of King Edward I.

Since 2016, Caernarfon has hosted the Caernarfon Food Festival. It takes place every year.

Caernarfon has one of the highest percentages of Welsh language speakers in the whole of Wales.

Twinning
--------

Caernarfon has one twin town. It is twinned with:

* France Landerneau, France

Gallery
-------

* Caernarfon DockCaernarfon Dock
* Market StreetMarket Street
* Afon SeiontAfon Seiont

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* VIAF
* WorldCat Identities

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| National | 
* Israel
* United States

 |
| Geographic | 
* MusicBrainz area

 |
A **bypass** is a road or highway that goes around a town or village so that traffic which is passing that town does not have to go through the town centre.

Bypasses are good because they reduces the amount of traffic in the centre where the people live and work. It makes it much safer for them to cross the roads, and reduces pollution. It is better for the vehicles passing the town because their journey is made quicker.

People are not always happy when a bypass is built. The main objections people sometimes have is that a new road uses up a lot of land. Also, some people who have businesses in the town (especially filling stations and restaurants) may think that they will not get so many customers.

If there are no strong rules that control the use of land, buildings are built along a bypass, making it an ordinary town road so that it might become just as busy as a town street again.

A road that goes all the way around the town in a large circle is called a **ring road**. The M25 is a ring road for London.