recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham Children's Crusade of 1963 was a march by thousands of school students in Birmingham, Alabama. The goal of the march was for the students to walk downtown to the mayor's office and talk to him about segregation. The march took place from May 2-10, 1963, with many children being arrested while marching, set free, and then arrested while marching again the following day.

One of the reasons why children were participating in the march instead of adults was that the adults faced legal penalties and the possibility of losing their jobs if they protested against segregation.

Both Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were opposed to the march because they believed it would expose the children to violence. Reverend James Bevel organized the march, and it did expose children to violence; the Birmingham head of police, Bull Connor, brought police dogs and fire hoses to the scene to stop the protests. So many children participated that there were not enough police to manage them, and so many were arrested that the jails ran out of room.

This spectacle prompted national news coverage, and horrified viewers both in America and abroad put pressure on the federal government to act. This led President John F. Kennedy to publicly support the civil rights movement and related legislation, and eventually aided the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
International non-government organisation Human Rights Watch identified in its Annual Report for 2020 that discrimination against ethnic and religious minorities remains a significant human rights issue in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Bosnian constitution prohibits ethnic minorities such as the Jewish people and the Roma people, which are the two largest minority groups in the country, from running for presidency.

LGBT rights
-----------

Same-sexual activity is legal in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Same sex marriage and relationships are not legally recognised under Bosnian law. Transgender persons are allowed to change their legal gender. In the United Nations Human Rights Council's 2019 report on Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Human Rights Committee and the Committee Against Torture expressed concern at the lack of investigation by authorities of hate crimes committed towards lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. Homophobia and violence and hate crimes against members of the LGBT community is widespread in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In September 2008, seven civilians and a police officer were injured by anti-LGBT protestors at the Queer Festival Sarajevo. The organisers of the festival received anonymous death threats leading up to the festival. Six people were hospitalised with head injuries and one of the attackers was detained by police. In September 2019 Bosnia's first LGBT pride parade was held in Sarajevo, the country's capital city. One thousand police officers were present to protect the protestors from violence and hate crimes. Counter-protests were held in Sarajevo by anti-LGBT groups at the same time as the Pride parade.
**Alexander Smart** (May 29, 1918 – April 18, 2005) was a Canadian ice hockey forward. He played one season for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League and spent the majority of his career in the Quebec Senior Hockey League.

Playing career
--------------

Born in Brandon, Manitoba, Smart played junior hockey in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League with the Portage Terriers for two seasons. In 1937–38, joined the senior ranks with the Toronto Marlboros of the Ontario Hockey Association and scored 23 points in 12 games at a goal-per-game pace. The following season, he began a three-year stint in the Montreal City Hockey League (MCHL) with the Verdun Maple Leafs and Montreal Sr. Canadiens.

In 1941–42, Smart moved with the Sr. Canadiens to the Quebec Senior Hockey League (QSHL). Affiliated with the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League, Smart was called up to the NHL in 1943 and, on January 14, became the first player in league history to score a hat trick in his NHL debut (this feat was later matched by Réal Cloutier of the Quebec Nordiques in 1979, Fabian Brunnström of the Dallas Stars in 2008, and Derek Stepan of the New York Rangers in 2010). He completed the season with 5 goals and 2 assists in 8 games – the lone NHL stint of his career. 

Smart spent the remainder of his career in the QSHL with the Montreal Royals and Ottawa Senators with the exception of one more season in the MCHL with the Montreal Vickers and the final season of his career in the OVHL with Eastview St. Charles. He recorded a career-high 66 points in 47 games with the Senators in 1947–48, then helped the club to an Allan Cup in 1949 as Canada's senior amateur champions. Smart retired after the 1950–51 season spent with Eastview.

Post-playing career
-------------------

After retiring from the QSHL, Smart became a scout for the Los Angeles Kings and worked with Goodyear Tire for forty years.[*source?*]

Other websites
--------------

* Alex Smart career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database
* Alex Smart biography at Legends of Hockey (archived)
* Archived 2010-05-03 at the Wayback Machine

| Persondata |
| --- |
| Name | Smart, Alex |
| Alternative names |  |
| Short description | Canadian ice hockey player |
| Date of birth | May 25, 1918 |
| Place of birth | Brandon, Manitoba, Canada |
| Date of death | April 18, 2005 |
| Place of death |  |
**Eugene Thomas Long** (March 16, 1935 – March 13, 2020) was born in Richmond, Virginia. He was the author of *Jaspers and Bultmann: A Dialogue Between Philosophy and Theology* (1968), *Existence, Being and God: An Introduction to the Philosophical Theology of John Macquarrie* (1985) and *Twentieth Century Western Philosophy of Religion:1900-2000* (2000).

Life and Career
---------------

Long was born in Richmond, Virginia. He is the first son of Eugene Thomas Long, Jr. and Emily Barker Long. He is a graduate of Randolph-Macon College in Virginia (BA), Duke University (BD) and the University of Glasgow, Scotland (Ph.D). He was a student of John Macquarrie and Ronald Gregor Smith.

He was a Professor of Philosophy at Randolph Macon College between 1964 and 1970. He was a Professor of Philosophy at the University of South Carolina between 1970 and 2002. During that time he was Chair of the Department of Philosophy (1972-1987). He retired in 2002 as Distinguished Professor of Philosophy Emeritus.

He was elected President of The Metaphysical Society of America and President of the Society for Philosophy of Religion. He served as Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal for Philosophy of Religion (1990-2010) and the Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy of Religion.

The major focus of Long’s work is the dialogue between philosophy and theology and he is often characterized both as a philosophical theologian and philosopher of religion. Attracted in his early days to the work of Hegel and British and American Idealism, he is influenced in particular by the work of Karl Jaspers, Martin Heidegger, Paul Tillich and John Macquarrie. Appealing to the theories of experience in the tradition of so-called radical empiricism, Long argues for transcendent dimensions of general human experience to bridge the gap between specifically religious and ordinary experience. 

Long died on March 13, 2020 at the age of 84.
Self-portrait, 1913
*Woman with Guitar*, 1913
**Aristarkh Lentulov**  (4 January 1882 – 15 April 1943) was a major Russian avant-garde artist who also worked on set designs for the theatre. His work shows strong influences of fauvism and cubism.

Biography
---------

Aristarkh Lentulov was born in Penza Oblast, 625 kilometers (388 mi) southeast of Moscow, into the family of a country priest. He studied art in the Penza and Kiev art schools from 1897 to 1905. Then he went to the private studio of Dmitry Kardovsky in St Petersburg in 1906. 

He lived in Moscow from 1909, and he was one of the founders of the avant-garde Jack of Diamonds group. 

From 1910 to 1911 Lentulov studied at the Le Fauconnier studio and the La Palette Academy in Paris. While there, he met contemporary French painters such as Albert Gleizes, Jean Metzinger, Fernand Léger and Robert Delaunay. He took in the fauvists' and cubists' principles, and developed his own colourful style of painting. Later, after his return to Russia in 1912, he became a big influence on what became Russian futurism. Wassily Kandinsky and Kazimir Malevich were both influenced by him. 

From pre-revolutionary times, Lentulov was actively involved in various theatrical projects. He designed sets for the Kamerny Theatre 1916) and for a production of Scriabin's *Prometheus* in the Bolshoi Theatre in 1919.

In 1928 Lentulov entered into the Society of Moscow artists, and became chairman of the Society. He also started teaching at the Russian State Art and Technical School.

Lentulov died in Moscow and is buried in the Vagankovo Cemetery.

Related pages
-------------

*Portrait of Artist's Wife and Daughter*, 1915*Saint Basil's Cathedral*, 1913, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.
* Kazimir Malevich

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Aristarkh Lentulov at Wikimedia Commons

* Artcyclopedia Links to Lentulov's works
* Virtual Museum Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine Biography

| Persondata |
| --- |
| Name | Lentulov, Aristarkh |
| Alternative names | Аристарх Васильевич Лентулов |
| Short description | Russian artist |
| Date of birth | 4 January 1882 |
| Place of birth | Penza Oblast, Russia |
| Date of death | 15 April 1943 |
| Place of death | Moscow, Russia |
**Blowback** is a system of operation for self-loading firearms that obtains energy from the motion of the cartridge case as it is pushed to the rear by expanding gases created by the ignition of the propellant charge.

Several blowback systems exist within this broad principle of operation, each distinguished by the methods used to control bolt movement. In most actions that use blowback operation, the breech is not locked mechanically at the time of firing: the inertia of the bolt and recoil spring(s), relative to the weight of the bullet, delays opening of the breech until the bullet has left the barrel. A few locked breech designs use a form of blowback (example: primer actuation) to perform the unlocking function.

Other operating principles for self-loading firearms include blow forward, gas operation, recoil operation, revolver, Gatling, and chain. The blowback principle may be considered a simplified form of gas operation, since the cartridge case behaves like a piston driven by the powder gases.

Simple Blowback
---------------

Simple blowback operation is where the recoil of the cartridge moves the bolt rearwards to reload the next round. This operation is found in automatic pistols and submachine guns and firearms chambered in lower pressure rounds. The likes of rifle rounds which have higher pressures is usually deemed unsuitable for simple blowback operation. However, there is Delayed Blowback where the chamber is locked until the pressures drop to a safe level to reload.

Delayed Blowback
----------------

Delayed blowback is similar to simple blowback but is capable of handling the pressures of rifle rounds. It uses an operation that delays the opening of the bolt when firing.

### Lever delayed blowback

Lever delayed blowback is where the bolt has a lever that slows the opening of the bolt but accelerates the bolt carrier, the bolt then also accelerates with the bolt carrier. The AA52 machine gun and the FAMAS use this operation.

### Roller delayed blowback

Roller delayed blowback is where the bolt has two rollers that pop out both sides of the bolt to lock the chamber. The Sturmgewehr 45 assault rifle, Heckler & Koch MP5 and Calico submachine gun uses this operation.

### Primer actuated blowback

Primer actuated blowback is when the round is fired, the primer moves the firing pin rearwards to unlock the bolt. The Garand Model 1919 and Postnikov APT uses this operation.
***Spartacus*** is a 1960 American epic historical drama movie directed by Stanley Kubrick and based on the novel of the same name by Howard Fast. The life story of the historical figure Spartacus and the events of the Third Servile War were adapted by Dalton Trumbo as a screenplay.

The movie stars Kirk Douglas as rebellious slave Spartacus and Laurence Olivier as his foe, the Roman general and politician Marcus Licinius Crassus. Co-starring are Peter Ustinov (who won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as slave trader Lentulus Batiatus), John Gavin (as Julius Caesar), Jean Simmons, Charles Laughton, John Ireland, Herbert Lom, Woody Strode, Tony Curtis, John Dall and Charles McGraw. The movie won four Oscars in all.

The titles were designed by Saul Bass.

Anthony Mann, the film's original director, was replaced by Douglas with Kubrick after the first week of shooting.

Release dates
-------------

| Country | Premiere |
| --- | --- |
|  Brazil | 17 November 1960 |
|  Argentina | 1 December 1960 |
|  Italy | 7 December 1960 |
|  Australia | 8 December 1960 |
|  United Kingdom | 8 December 1960 |
|  Japan | 15 December 1960 |
|  Austria | 16 December 1960 |
|  Netherlands | 24 March 1961 |
|  Hong Kong | 17 August 1961 |
|  Portugal | 12 September 1961 |
|  France | 15 September 1961 |
|  India | 17 October 1961 |
|  Denmark | 21 January 1962 |
|  Ireland | 9 February 1962 |
|  Mexico | 30 May 1962 |
|  Greece | 21 September 1962 |
|  Sweden | 21 September 1962 |
|  Finland | 12 October 1962 |
|  Turkey | 8 December 1963 |
| East Germany East Germany | 18 March 1966 |
|  Soviet Union | 20 March 1967 |
|  Hungary | 2 July 1970 |
|  Poland | August 1971 |

Other websites
--------------

* *Spartacus* on IMDb
Cam Cameron is an American Football coach who is currently the offensive coodinator of the Baltimore Ravens. He was the head coach for the Miami Dolphins in 2007, but was fired after a 1-15 season. Cameron has been heavily criticized for his conservative (safe) play-calling.

Coaching
--------

### College

Cameron spent time as a college football assistant. He was also the head coach of Indiana University's football team. 

### NFL

#### Early NFL Coaching

Cameron spent some time as the Washington Redskins's quarterbacks coach. He was later promoted to the offensive coodinator position of the San Diego Chargers, where he helped guide future-star quarterback Drew Brees.

#### Miami Dolphins Head Coach

Cameron was hired as the head coach of the Miami Dolphins before the 2007 season. However, the franchise had its worst ever season and finished 1-15. He had an overtime victory against the Baltimore Ravens, coincidentally Cameron's next team. Cameron was replaced by Tony Sparano.

#### Baltimore Ravens

During a Baltimore Ravens roster and coaching overall, John Harbaugh hired Cameron as the new Baltimore offensive coodinator. In 2008, Cameron worked on the Suggs package, a play-calling that would have both quarterbacks Joe Flacco and Troy Smith. Following 2008, Cameron was criticized heavily for his conservative (safe) play-calling. After his contract expired following the 2011 season, Harbaugh announced that Cameron would in fact be back.

Other websites
--------------

* Baltimore Ravens Archived 2012-02-10 at the Wayback Machine
**Mayo Hagino** (born 9 March 1993) is a Japanese wheelchair basketball player. She is a member of the Japan women's national wheelchair basketball team and her club Scratch. In 2021 she competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

Hagino has a spinal cord injury due to a spinal tumour. She learned about wheelchair basketball by news article about a player of Miyagi Max. She went to watch the Japanese women's team train in Miyagi Prefecture. Ikumi Fujii, a player of the team, invited her to start playing with Miyagi Max. She did, and started playing seriously in 2009.

Career
------

She played with the national team at the 2010 Asian Para Games winning the gold medal. She also competed at the 2010 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, where she finished with the team seventh. Four years later at the World Championships they finished nineth. At the 2015 under-25 World Championship she became a "All Star Five Player". She won with the team the silver medal at the 2018 Asian Para Games in Jakarta. She competed at the 2019 Asia Oceania Championships. She became an "All Star Five Player" at the 2020 All Japan Championships.

Education
---------

She studied at the Tohoku Fukushi University in Sendai.
Xray of an eel
**Eels** are teleost fish. They have long and narrow bodies like snakes. Adult eels can be as short as 10 cm or as long as 3 m. It depends on their species. The large eels can weigh up to 65 kg.

Eels have fewer fins than other fish. They do not have all the belly and chest fins. The back and anal fins are long and usually connected to the tail fin. The fins do not have spines.

The shoulder bones are separate from the skull. The scales have smooth edges or are absent.

Eels hatch from eggs. Baby (larval) eels are flat and transparent (clear). They are called *leptocephalus* (Greek for "thin head"). A young eel is called an **elver**. For a long time people did not know where eels came from, because baby eels look very different from adults. They thought the babies were a different species.

Most eels prefer to live in the shallowest parts of the ocean. They live at the bottom of the ocean, sometimes in holes. Eels in the Anguillidae family come to fresh water to live there. Eels in the Nemichthyidae family swim about 500 m below the ocean surface. Eels in the Synaphobranchidae family live as deep as 4000 m below the surface.

Hand netting (catching with nets) is the only legal way of catching eels in England. It has been done for thousands of years on the River Parrett and River Severn.

Most eels are predators. They hunt their prey.

Classification
--------------

True eels belong to the order (group) **Anguilliformes** (Latin for "eel-shaped"). This order has 4 suborders (smaller groups) called *Anguilloidei*, *Nemichthyoidei*, *Congroidei*, and *Synaphobranchoidei*.

The suborders are separated into 19 families. The families are divided into 110 genera. The genera are then divided into species. There are 400 species of eels in all.

The term "eel" is also used for other eel-shaped fish, such as electric eels, spiny eels, swamp eels, and deep-sea spiny eels. These other clades, however, evolved their eel-like shapes independently from the true eels. Eels live both in salt water and fresh water and some species are catadromous (they migrate).

Uses
----

Freshwater eels (*unagi*) and marine eels (Conger eel, *anago*) are used in Japanese food. Eels are used in Cantonese (Hong Kong) food and Shanghai food. Some people eat the European eel and other eels that live in lakes all around the world. A traditional London food is "jellied eels." The Spanish meal, *angulas*, consists of deep-fried elvers.

A moray eel
Eel skins are used to make some wallets and purses.

In some classifications, the family Cyematidae of bobtail snipe eels is included in the Anguilliformes, but in the FishBase system that family is included in the order Saccopharyngiformes.

The electric eel of South America is not a true eel, but is a South American knifefish more closely related to the carps and catfishes.
**Lovely Professional University** (**LPU**) is a Private University in North India created under the Punjab State Private University Act 2005 and recognized by UGC under Section 2(f) of UGC Act 1956. LPU has been offering more than 200 programs under 40+ disciplines.

Campus
------

LPU is spread across more than 600 acres complete with a state-of-the-art infrastructure. The campus is free from the use of drugs, alcohol and smoking. Even ragging is an offense in the campus. 

Situated at the entrance of Jalandhar City on the National Highway-1, the campus itself look like a planned city with wide roads, gardens and lawns surrounding the residential complexes as well as the buildings for academic purposes. The university campus includes its own backup electricity and water supply, shopping complexes, eating joints, transportation facilities and banking and postal services. For healthcare assistance, the campus has a hospital that operates 24\*7.

### Schools

The campus has four major faculties

* Faculty of Technology & Sciences.
* Faculty of Business & Arts.
* Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences
* Faculty of Distance Education.
* Faculty of Design(Gaming/Multimedia/Animation).

### Hostels

*LPU* have residential facilities with capacity for more than 20,000 students. The university provides a range of facilities within the university campus, separately for boys and girls. **LPU** understand that most of their students are moving away from home for the first time, so they strive to make the transition as smooth as possible. The university has a wide range of accommodation options. Campus entry is controlled by turnstile and there are CCTV surveillance cameras all round to ensure safety and security.
**Alice Herz-Sommer**, also known as **Alice Sommer** (26 November 1903 – 23 February 2014), was a Czech-British music teacher and supercentenarian from Bohemia. She was a survivor of the Theresienstadt concentration camp and was the world's oldest known Holocaust survivor until Yisrael Kristal was recognized as such.

Herz was born in Prague, Austria-Hungary on 26 November 1903, along with her twin sister Mariana. She married the businessman and amateur musician Leopold Sommer in 1931. They had one son, Raphael Sommer. Leopold Sommer was later sent to Auschwitz. Although he survived the camp, he died at Dachau in 1944.

She lived in Israel and worked as a music teacher in Jerusalem. She then moved to Belsiza Park in London in 1986. Raphael Sommer, her only child, was a cellist and conductor. He died in 2001.

Herz-Sommer died on the morning of 23 February 2014 in London, England, from natural causes, aged 110.

Other websites
--------------

* "Life is beautiful", *The Guardian*, 13 December 2006
* "I look at the good", *Haaretz*, 21 January 2010
* "I played Chopin as they sent my family to their deaths", *Jewish Chronicle*

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The **Socialist Unity Party of Germany** (German: *Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands*, shortened: *SED*) was the governing party of East Germany from 1949, when East Germany was created, until the elections of 1990. It was formed in 1946 a year after World War 2 ended in 1945 and after Nazi Germany was defeated and after the Nazi Party was banned .

The SED was created in april 1946 in the Berliner Admiralspalast when the Soviet Union forced the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) members and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) members who lived in the Soviet-occupied parts of Germany and Berlin. After 1990, the party reformed itself as the Party of Democratic Socialism (later in 2005, the Left Party.PDS). It is still somewhat popular in parts the former East German territory, frequently winning seats at state and local elections. In the September 2005 Bundestag election the PDS was in coalition with WASG (Electoral Alternative for Labour and Social Justice), which was formed by Oskar Lafontaine who left the SPD. The PDS and WASG joined together in 2007.

A famous SED poster read: *To learn from Stalin means to learn how to win*. Later, the word *Stalin* was replaced with *the USSR*. When Gorbachev was president of the USSR the famous slogan was abandoned, as the SED did not believe there was anything to learn from his ideas about perestroika.

At first the SED had a branch in West Berlin, but in 1962 the West Berlin branch was separated from the SED proper and became a "separate" party called the Socialist Unity Party of West Berlin (*Sozialistische Einheitspartei Westberlins* – SEW) but with the same ideas as the parent party.

The final days
--------------

Between the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 and the election in March 1990, the old Social Democratic Party was re-established as a separate party, while the rest of the SED lost a lot of members and renamed itself the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) at a special party meeting in December 1989. By becoming the PDS the party survived the reuniting of East Germany and West Germany, and eventually started growing again, managing to get representatives elected to the Bundestag.

On December 1, 1989 the SED was forced to give up its 40 year monopoly of power when the State Council (Volksammer) revoked the clause in the constitution of the GDR that guaranteed the SED to be the sole legal party in East Germany. Its leader and all of the politburo resigned three days later and the party was finally dissolved on December 16, 1989.

General Secretaries of the Central Committee of the SED
-------------------------------------------------------

*(known as "First Secretary" from 1953 – 1976)*

* Walter Ulbricht (July 1950 – May 3, 1971)
* Erich Honecker (May 3, 1971 – October 18, 1989)
* Egon Krenz (October 18, 1989 – December 3, 1989)

These three party leaders were also the equivalent of the Prime Minister or President in other countries; they really led the government as well as the main, legally powerful party, which was not often the case in other Communist countries.
Pneumatic PID controller.
**Instrumentation** is the science of measuring and controlling variables. Variables are anything that can affect or change other things. Instrumentation can be used to make processes faster or more efficient, meaning they use less effort, energy or money to produce the same results.

The word instrumentation may also mean the machines made to measure and control things.

The science of instrumentation involves figuring out the best way to measure or control something, building the machine or tools, and checking if the results are good and true. It may also include setting up and using the machine or tools.

Variables
---------

An **instrument** is a tool used to measure and control the variables that affect a process. Here are some variables that people use instrumentation to measure and control:

* pressure, which is the weight that air or water surrounding something has
* temperature, which is how hot or cold things are
* electric current, which is how many electrons are moving through something
* voltage, which is the steepness of the moving electrons
* inductance
* capacitance
* frequency, which is how fast or how often something happens
* electrical resistance, which is how hard it is for electrons to move through something
* conductivity, which is how easily an object allows electrons to pass through it
* flow
* level
* density, which is how much mass something has for its volume, or how heavy it is for its size
* viscosity, which is how thick a liquid or other fluid is

Instruments
-----------

Two examples of instruments are valves and flame detectors. A valve is a controlling instrument that controls the flow of fluids, which can be gases, liquids, or other fluids. A flame detector is a measurement instrument that detects a flame by analyzing the light.

Instrumentation engineering
---------------------------

The engineering behind instrumentation deals with mechanics and use of measuring instruments. Instrumentation engineers usually work in industries with automated processes. For example, chemical and manufacturing plants often have robots and other machines doing a lot of the work. Instrumentation engineers try to make things more safe, productive and stable. They sometimes use computers.
The **Lorentz factor** is the factor by which time, length, and mass change for an object moving at speeds close to the speed of light (relativistic speeds). It is named after the Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz.

The equation is:

{\displaystyle \gamma ={\frac {1}{\sqrt {1-({\frac {v}{c}})^{2}}}}}
where v is the speed of the object and c is the speed of light. The quantity (v/c) is often labeled {\displaystyle \beta } (beta) and so the above equation can be rewritten:

{\displaystyle \gamma ={\frac {1}{\sqrt {1-\beta ^{2}}}}}

Classical relativity
--------------------

Classical or Galilean relativity is the idea that if you throw a ball at 50 mph while running at 5 mph, the ball travels 55 mph. Of course, the ball still moves away from you at 50 mph, so if one were to ask you, you *saw* the ball traveling 50 mph. Meanwhile, your friend Rory saw that you happened to be running at 5 mph. He would say that the ball was traveling 55 mph. Both of you are right, you just happened to be moving *with* the ball.

The speed of light, c, is 670,616,629 mph. So if you are in a car traveling half the speed of light (0.5c) and you turn on your headlights, the light moves away from you at 1 c... or is it 1.5 c? It ends up that c is c no matter what. The next section explains why it's not c - 0.5c.

Time dilation
-------------

When a clock is in motion, it ticks slower by a tiny factor of {\displaystyle \gamma }. The famous twin paradox says that if there were two twins and twin A stayed on earth while twin B traveled near c for a few years, when twin B got back to earth, he would be many years younger than twin A (because he experienced less time). For example, if twin B left when he was 20 and traveled at .9c for 10 years, then when he got back to earth, twin B would be 30 (20 years + 10 years) and twin A would be almost 43:

{\displaystyle 20+(10\*{\frac {1}{\sqrt {1-.9^{2}}}})=42.9416}
Twin B would not notice that time had slowed at all. To him, if he looked out a window, it would seem like the universe was moving past him, and therefore slower (remember, to him, he's at rest). So time is relative.

Length contraction
------------------

Things get shorter in the direction of movement when they travel at "relativistic speeds", which means fast enough that relativity effects can be observed. During twin B's journey, he would notice something strange about the universe. He would notice that it got shorter (contracted in the direction of his motion). And the factor by which things get shorter is {\displaystyle \gamma }.

Relativistic mass
-----------------

Relativistic mass also increases. It makes them harder to push. So by the time you reach 0.9999c, you need a very big force to make you go faster. This makes it impossible for anything to reach the speed of light.

Still, if you travel a bit slower, say 90% of the speed of light, your mass only grows by 2.3 times. So, while it may be impossible to reach the speed of light, it may still be possible to get close to it—that is, if you have enough fuel.
**Hamamatsu Festival (浜松まつり)** is a festival held in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, on May 3 to 5 every year. The Hamamatsu festival is not a religious festival but a city festival. In Japan, May 3 to 5 is a holiday called Golden week. Golden week is the longest national holiday in Japan. May 3 is Constitution Memorial Day, May 4 is Greenery Day, and May 5 is Children's Day. During the festival, people who live in each ward celebrate children, especially baby boys, and local restaurants pray for success and prosperity.

History
-------

The first Hamamatsu festival was held in 1558 to celebrate the birth of the son of the lord of Hamamatsu castle. The lord and his close advisers flew a kite with the son's name written on it. In the middle of the Edo era (1603~1868), not only in Hamamatsu but also all over Japan, it became popular to fly kites on the Children's Day (May 5). On that day, Japanese people usually celebrate and pray for boys' growth, good health, and bright futures.

Kite festival
-------------

The Hamamatsu festival is famous for its large kites. At 11 am on May 3, more than 100 large kites fly in the sky. The kite holders stand at the Nakataima Sand Dunes and release them all at the same time, signaled by a trumpet call. The Nakatajima Sand Dunes, is one of three largest sand dune areas in Japan. The Nakatajima Dunes overlook Enshu-nada sea, so the place has the strong winds needed for flying kites. The kites are decorated with baby boys' names and marks or designs of each town (*chō)*. People believe that the higher the kites fly, the healthier the baby boys grow up.

Participants in each town also fight using the kites: They intertwine the 5 mm thick kite strings and use the friction to cut their opponents' kite strings. This kite festival is held for three days in the daytime.

Parade
------

At night, there is a parade. The parade has 83 palace-like parade floats in the center of Hamamatsu. Parade floats are large, movable carts covered in scenery or sculptures. Each small town has one float. Girls ride on the floats and play traditional music using Japanese instruments like taiko drums, shinobue flutes, and bells. Other children, their families, and people who live in the town also carry a floats around the area. The audience watches the parade from the side of the road.
**Huntingdon College**, founded in 1854, is a liberal arts college in Montgomery, Alabama, United States. It is known for its business and science programs. The college has recently made a football team and marching band.

History
-------

Woman's College of Alabama in 1918
Huntingdon College was first started on February 2, 1854, as "Tuskegee Female College". A decision was made in the late 19th century to move the campus to a larger city. The college, renamed the "Woman's College of Alabama" moved in 1910 to a 58 acre section of Montgomery. Several new buildings were built for the "Gothic" style of the main college building, Flowers Memorial Hall.

The college admitted its first male student in 1934 and changed its name the next year to **Huntingdon College** in honor of Selina, Countess of Huntingdon, a person who supported Methodism

Rankings
--------

Huntingdon is ranked a fourth school by *U.S. News and World Report*. Huntingdon College is also ranked by the *Princeton Review* as one of the best liberal arts colleges in the Southeast.

Further reading
---------------

* Ellison, Rhoda Coleman (2004). *History of Huntingdon College, 1854-1954* (sesquicentennial ed.). Montgomery, Alabama, New South Books. ISBN 1-58838-171-4.
* Windham, Kathryn Tucker (1969). *13 Alabama Ghosts and Jeffrey*. Huntsville, Alabama, Strode Publishers. ISBN 0-87397-008-X.

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Huntingdon College***.

* Huntingdon College official site
*Dromornis stirtoni* restoration
***Dromornis*** is a genus of fossil flightless birds. It lived in Australia from the late Miocene to the early Pliocene. This means early humans never met this animal. 

*Dromornis* had a huge beak and jaw capable of great force. It did not have the typical beak and claws of a carnivore, and its life style is not certain. Though they looked like giant emus, the *Dromornis* are more closely related to geese. 

*Dromornis stirtoni* was three metres (10 feet) tall and weighed up to half a ton (500 kilos). It inhabited subtropical open woodland in Australia during the late Miocene. It may have been partly carnivorous. It was heavier than the Moa and taller than *Aepyornis*. 

*D. stirtoni* had a long neck and stub-like wings, so it was flightless. Its legs were powerful, but it was not a fast runner. The bird's beak was large and immensely powerful, leading early researchers to believe that it was used to shear through tough plant stalks. However, others have argued that the size of the beak suggests that the bird was a carnivore. There were forests and a permanent water supply where the *Dromornis* birds lived, although the climate was unpredictable.

*Dromornis* are part of a family of giant birds called Dromornithidae that lived from 15 million years ago until less than 30,000 years ago. Australasia had started to separate from other continents as Gondwana started to break up in the Mesozoic era. 

Australia's last connection with Antarctica broke about 40 million years ago. Since then the animals of Australasia (Australia and New Guinea) evolved slowly in almost complete isolation from the animals of other continents, except for the occasional immigrant species from Asia.

Large birds
-----------

* Elephant birds
	+ *Aepyornis*
* Moa
	+ *Dinornis*
* Terror birds
	+ *Phorusrhacos*
	+ *Brontornis*
* *Gastornis* (*Diatryma*)
Examples of televised manipulation can be found in news programs that can reach mass audiences. Pictured is the infamous *Dziennik* (Journal) news cast, which attempted to slander capitalism in then-communist Poland using emotive and loaded language.
"Daisy", a TV commercial for the re-election of U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson. It was shown once, in September 1964. It is considered both one of the most controversial and one of the most effective political ads in U.S. history.
**Media manipulation** is about using the media to favor one's own interests. For this, logial fallacies, deception, disinformation and propohanda may be used. Very often, other views of the argument are left out. 

In *Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes*, Jacques Ellul writes that public opinion can only express itself through channels which are provided by the mass media of communication – without which there could be no propaganda.
It is used within public relations, propaganda, marketing, etc. While the objective for each context is quite different, the broad techniques are often similar.
The more modern mass media manipulation methods are types of distraction, on the assumption that the public has a limited attention span.

1. ↑  Coxall, Malcolm (2 Mar 2013). Caswell, Guy (ed.). *Human Manipulation - A Handbook*. Cornelio Books. ISBN 978-8-4940-8532-1.
2. ↑  Ellul, Jacques (1973). *Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes*, Ch. 2.Trans. Konrad Kellen & Jean Lerner. Vintage Books, New York. ISBN 978-0-394-71874-3.
The **pygmy slow loris** (*Nycticebus pygmaeus*) is one of a number of species of slow loris. It is a small nocturnal primate with large eyes. It lives in thick forest and bamboo groves. They are found in Vietnam, Laos, China, Thailand, and parts of Cambodia. Because their habitat is reduced, their status is "vulnerable".

Life style
----------

They have small hands and feet, but an extraordinarily strong grasp. They can hang from branches as they catch their food. Their large eyes help them find their food.

Their diet consists of insects and soft fruit. They eat gum from trees and this may help them survive food shortages.

With their small size they weigh between 0.8 to 1 pound in adulthood. Usually once a male has reached maturity, they become territorial and do not tolerate other males. This is why their social life is described as solitary, although they are known to be able to live among females of their species. In captivity the lifespan of the pygmy slow loris may be 20 years.

They produce offspring every 12 to 18 months. The females have gestational periods of about 188 days and have small litters of one or two babies. This species do not share parenting. The offspring stay with their mothers until they reach maturity.

### Survival

When the loris feels threatened it has a defense mechanism. It gives off a bad odor. If a predator is not scared away by the smell they produce some kind of toxic secretion from their elbows. If they bite the predator, the poison is passed on. 

Despite conservation efforts, they are captured and sold for pets in markets in Vietnam. They have a very cuddly appearance but in no way are suitable to be pets.

Other websites
--------------

* Lincoln Park Zoo  Archived 2016-10-28 at the Wayback Machine
* Duke Lemur Center  loris/
The **Women's Finalissima** is a special women's football tournament organized by CONMEBOL and UEFA. It's played once every four years, and teams from South America and Europe compete in it. The teams that win the Copa América Femenina and UEFA Women's Championship take part. It's like a big championship match for women's football, similar to the CONMEBOL-UEFA Cup of Champions. They decided to have this tournament in 2022 as part of their partnership.

History
-------

On 12th February 2020, UEFA and CONMEBOL (two football organizations) agreed to work together more closely. They formed a committee to think about having football matches between teams from Europe and South America, for both men and women of different ages. Then, on 15th December 2021, they agreed to work together until 2028. They also decided to open an office together in London and talked about organizing different football events.

On 2nd June 2022, after the 2022 Finalissima, CONMEBOL and UEFA announced some new events involving teams from both regions. One of these events was a match between the winners of South America's Copa América Femenina and the winners of Europe's UEFA Women's Championship. The first time this happened was on 6th April 2023 at Wembley Stadium in London, England. Brazil, who won the 2022 Copa América Femenina, played against England, who won the UEFA Women's Euro 2022. England won the first edition after a penalty shootout, following a 1-1 draw in regular time. This new competition doesn't have extra time, so ties go straight to a penalty shootout.

Results
-------

List of Women's Finalissima matches| Year | Winners | Score | Runners-up | Venue | Location | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | **England** | 1–1
(4–2 p) | Brazil | Wembley Stadium | London, England | 83,132 |

Performances
------------

### By nation

Results by nation| Team | Winners | Runners-up |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  England | 1 (2023) | — |
|  Brazil | — | 1 (2023) |

### By confederation

Results by confederation| Confederation | Winners | Runners-up |
| --- | --- | --- |
| UEFA | 1 | 0 |
| CONMEBOL | 0 | 1 |
Ray McKinley (June 18, 1910 – May 7, 1995) was an American jazz drummer, singer, and bandleader.

Early career
------------

McKinley started working with local bands in the Dallas–Fort Worth area, before joining Smith Ballew in 1929, when he met Glenn Miller. The two formed a friendship that lasted from 1929 until Miller's death in 1944. McKinley and Miller joined the Dorsey Brothers in 1934. Miller left for Ray Noble in December 1934, while McKinley remained.

After Dorsey brothers
---------------------

The Dorsey brothers split in 1935. McKinley remained with Jimmy Dorsey until 1939, when he joined Will Bradley, becoming co-leader. McKinley's biggest hit with Bradley, as a singer, was "Beat Me Daddy, Eight to the Bar", which he recorded early in the year 1940 (and for which he got partial songwriting credit under his wife's maiden name Eleanore Sheehy). McKinley is referred to as "Eight Beat Mack" in the lyrics to the song "Down the Road a Piece," which he recorded as a trio with Will Bradley and Freddie Slack in 1940. This was the earliest recording of the song, which was written specifically for Bradley's band by Don Raye.
McKinley and Bradley split in 1942 and McKinley formed his own band, which recorded for Capitol Records. The McKinley band was short-lived. When McKinley broke up the band, he joined Glenn Miller's Army Air Force band, which he co-led with arranger Jerry Gray after Miller's disappearance in December 1944. Upon being discharged at the end of the following year, McKinley formed an excellent, remarkably modern big band that featured a book of original material by legendary arranger Eddie Sauter (along with a helping of novelty vocals by the leader). Sam Butera, later of the back-up band for Louis Prima was also a member.
But with the business in decline, by 1950 that band was history and McKinley began evolving into a part-time leader and sometime radio and TV personality.
McKinley and Bradley split in 1942 and McKinley formed his own band, which recorded for Capitol Records. The McKinley band was short-lived. When McKinley broke up the band, he joined Glenn Miller's Army Air Force band, which he co-led with arranger Jerry Gray after Miller's disappearance in December 1944. Upon being discharged at the end of the following year, McKinley formed an excellent, remarkably modern big band that featured a book of original material by legendary arranger Eddie Sauter (along with a helping of novelty vocals by the leader). Sam Butera, later of the back-up band for Louis Prima was also a member.

Ray McKinley's last recording session was in 1977 for Chirascuro records.

Other websites
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Official Lego logo
Lego Duplo
**Lego**, stylized as **LEGO** is a type of building toy created and made by The Lego Group, a company from Denmark. LEGO bricks are colorful plastic building blocks that can be joined together easily to make a tower, house, and more. LEGO bricks are joined together by studs on the top, and holes in the bottom of the brick commonly known as the brick-and-knob connection. LEGO is the most popular building toy in the world.

The LEGO Group was started by Ole Kirk Christiansen, a Danish toy maker, in 1935. Christiansen made wooden toys for children. He made and sold his first plastic LEGO sets in the 1940s. Since then, LEGO has become very popular and are known and loved by people around the world kids and adults alike.

The company is based in Billund and is owned by Kirkbi, the family company. In 2006 sales were about $1.3 billion. In 2022 they were $9.1 billion. Net profit was $1.9 billion. After the bankruptcy of Toys R Us in 2017, Lego expanded its network of 317 stores to about 1,000 in 2023.

LEGO bricks come in many shapes, sizes and colors. There are wheels, car screens, plants and mini-figures. LEGO bricks can be joined together in many ways. Vehicles, buildings and even robots can all be built with LEGO bricks.

All the bricks from LEGO sets can fit together. New bricks made today can fit with old bricks made years ago. The bricks can join together no matter which set they come from. LEGO has become so popular that people sometimes use the word "Lego" to talk about any sort of building blocks. There are millions of LEGO fans and many LEGO conventions around the world.

LEGO Video Games
----------------

Many LEGO video games are being created for different video game systems. LEGO video games usually come from LEGO themes, such as LEGO Star Wars. LEGO Star Wars has six video games. Other LEGO video games include LEGO Indiana Jones, LEGO Harry Potter, Lego DC comics and Marvel.

Television and movies
---------------------

A LEGO Cartoon Network show *Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu* was aired from 2011 to 2012, and a second Cartoon Network LEGO show aired in 2013. In 2014 *The LEGO Movie* was released, starring Chris Pratt, Will Arnett, Elizabeth Banks, Morgan Freeman, Will Ferrell, and Liam Neeson. The movie was released on February 7, 2014. Since then, three other LEGO movies have been made, like The LEGO Batman Movie, The LEGO Ninjago Movie, and The LEGO Movie 2: The Second Part.

A show called Lego Masters is shown on the Nine network and stars radio celebrity Hamish Blake.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Lego***.

Other websites
--------------

* *Official Lego Website* (in English)
This article is about the Australian theme park. For the unrelated chain of theme parks in the United States and the United Arab Emirates, see SeaWorld. For other uses, see Sea World.
**Sea World** is a marine mammal park, oceanarium and amusement park located in Main Beach, a suburb of the Gold Coast in Queensland.

Sea World has many attractions, including rides (including many rollercoasters) and several themed areas. Sea World also has many marine animals. The park is also a place where they rescue and help sick marine animals. Some of the animals at Sea World include dolphins, fish, penguins, polar bears, rays, seals, sea lions, sea turtles an sharks.

The park is one of the five Gold Coast theme parks, and is owned by Village Roadshow Theme Parks, the company that also owns two other theme parks on the Gold Coast (Warner Bros. Movie World and Wet'n'Wild Gold Coast).

Despite the park's name, it is not related to the American theme park chain called SeaWorld, which operates three theme parks in the United States and one in the United Arab Emirates.