recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Façade of the Library of Celsus
A marble statue of Celsus, which stood in the central niche of the upper storey of the Celsus Library. It is now in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum
Personification of virtue (Greek *ἀρετή*) in the Celsus Library
The **Library of Celsus** is an ancient Roman building in Ephesus, now part of Anatolia, Turkey. It was built in honor of the Roman Senator Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, known as Celsus.

Celsus paid for the construction of the library with his own personal wealth. Celsus was Consul in 92 AD, Governor of the Roman province of Asia in 115 AD, and a rich and popular local citizen. He was a native of nearby Sardis and amongst the first Greek men to become a consul in the Roman Empire. He is honoured both as a Greek and a Roman on the library itself.

The library was built by his son, Gaius Julius Aquila (Consul 110 AD), and completed in 135 AD.

The library was built to store 12,000 scrolls and to serve as a monumental tomb for Celsus. Celsus is buried in a sarcophagus beneath the library, in the main entrance. which is both a crypt containing his sarcophagus and a sepulchral monument to him. It was unusual to be buried within a library or even within city limits, so this was a special honour for Celsus.

History
-------

The library was built in Ephesus, a Greek city in Asia Minor.
The building is important as one of few remaining examples of an ancient Roman-influenced library. It also shows that public libraries were built not only in Rome itself but throughout the Roman Empire.

The interior of the library and all its books were destroyed by fire in the devastating earthquake that struck the city in 262. Only the facade survived. About 400 AD, the library was used for other purposes. The facade was completely destroyed by a later earthquake, likely in the late Byzantine period.

In the 1960s and 1970s, the facade was restored. It now serves as a prime example of Roman public architecture. The building had a single hall which faced east toward the morning sun, as Vitruvius advised, to benefit early risers. Beside the entrances are four pairs of Ionic columns on pedestals. A set of Corinthian columns stands directly above the first set, adding to the height of the building. It is thought there once may have been a third set of columns.

This type of facade with inset frames and niches for statues is like that found in ancient Greek theatres,  and so is described as "scenographic".
**Maria Theresa of Spain** (Spanish: *María Teresa de Austria*; French: *Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche*; 10 September 1638 – 30 July 1683), was by birth Infanta of Spain and Portugal (until 1640) and Archduchess of Austria as member of the Spanish branch of the House of Habsburg and by marriage Queen of France.

She was the daughter of Philip IV, King of Spain and Elisabeth of France. She was Queen of France as wife of King Louis XIV and mother of *Le Grand Dauphin*. During her lifetime in Spain, she was painted by the renowned painter, Diego Velázquez. Married to Louis XIV in 1660 following the Franco-Spanish War she played little part in politics during her lifetime. The Bourbon Claim to the Spanish Throne which sparked of the War of the Spanish Succession in 1700 stems from her. She also acted as regent of France for her husband at least once during her tenure as queen consort.

Marriage
--------

María Teresa married Louis XIV of France by proxy on 3 June 1660 at Fuenterrabia. Her father Philip IV and the entire Spanish court accompanied the María Teresa to the Isle of Pheasants in Bidassoa, where Louis XIV and his court met her. On 7 June 1660, she departed from her native country of Spain. On 9 June she married Louis XIV in a religious ceremony at Saint-Jean-de-Luz in the *Saint Jean Baptiste* church, which had recently been rebuilt for the occasion. She had a six children with Louis XIV but he would never love her. Marie Thérèse lived a quiet life with her Spanish attendants and had to put up with her husbands various affairs, notably with Louise de La Vallière and Madame de Montespan. She is a direct ancestor of the present Spainish King Felipe VI.

Death and legacy
----------------

During the last week of July 1683, Marie Thérèse fell ill. She died a painful death on 30 July 1683 at Versailles in the arms of Madame de Maintenon. She was buried at the Royal Basilica of Saint Denis outside Paris on 3 September 1683. Her tomb was destroyed during the French Revolution.

Children
--------

1. Louis of France, Dauphin of France (1 November 1661 – 14 April 1711) Dauphin of France married Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria and had issue. Later married Marie Émilie de Joly in secret.
2. Anne Élisabeth of France (18 November 1662 – 30 December 1662) died in infancy.
3. Marie Anne of France (16 November 1664 – 26 December 1664) died in infancy or the *Black Nun of Moret*
4. Marie Thérèse of France (2 January 1667 – 1 March 1672) known as "Madame Royale" but died in infancy.
5. Philippe Charles of France (5 August 1668 – 10 July 1671) Duke of Anjou, died in infancy.
6. Louis François of France (14 June 1672 – 4 November 1672) Duke of Anjou, died in infancy.

Namesakes
---------

1. Her third daughter was named after her.
2. As well as a "Princess of the French royal blood" Marie Thérèse, Princess of Conti.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Marie Thérèse of Austria at Wikimedia Commons
**Franz Hansl** (23 October 1897 – 13 August 1942) was an Austrian footballer.

Career
------

He started playing football with DSV Troppau. Because there was no league matches during the First World War he went to Wiener Amateur SV. He soon became top scorer of the club. In 1921 the team became winner of the Austrian Cup, Hansl scored the first goal. This was the first title for Wiener Amateur SV. 1923-24 he became Champion. For being only supplementary player in this season he went to the just promoted Wiener AC.

In 1926 Hansl went to Italy where he played for FC Forlì. There he was player-coach, later coach. In Italy he was also coach of AC Torino, US Alessandria Calcio, AS Livorno, US Salernitana , US Grosseto, Cosenza Calcio, US Lecce and SS Arezzo.

Honours
-------

* 1 × Austrian Champion: 1924
* 1 × Austrian Cup: 1921
* Coach of the Austrian national football team for the WM 1934: Semifinals (coach)
* 4 matches and 3 goals for the Austrian national football team (1919 - 1922)

Other Websites
--------------

* Profile on wetfussball.de (German)
The **Ocicat** is a breed of cat. It looks like a wild cat but has no wild DNA in its gene pool. The Ocicat is spotted like a wild cat but is tame and has the behavior of a domestic animal. It got its name because it looks like an ocelot. The breed started accidentally by mating Siameses and Abyssinians. Later, American Shorthairs (silver tabby cats) were added to the mix. This gave the breed their silver color, bone structure and patterns. Now, the Ocicat is a popular breed all over the world.

Appearance
----------

Silver Ocicat
There are twelve fur coat colors accepted for the Ocicat breed: tawny, chocolate and cinnamon, blue, lavender and fawn. As well, all have a shade of silver: black silver (ebony silver), chocolate silver, cinnamon silver, blue silver, lavender silver and fawn silver. Ocicats have eyes shaped like almonds. They have large strong bodies, legs with dark markings, and oval shaped paws. The eyes are usually rimmed with dark fur. These cats have dark spots all over their fur that are darker than their background color. The Ocicat's large, muscled body gives them a look of power and strength.

Behavior
--------

Most Ocicats are friendly and are not shy. This makes them good family pets. Most can also get along well with other animals. Their mood and actions are similar to those of a dog. Most can be trained to fetch toys, walk on a leash, come when called, and other dog-related tricks. Some even like the water. They are playful and like toys very much. So these pets need attention from their owners.

History
-------

The first breeder of Ocicats was Virginia Daly, in Michigan, who tried to breed an Abyssinian-pointed Siamese in 1964. Her kittens looked like Abyssinians. But when they were later mated, there was not only an Abyssinian-pointed Siamese, but a spotted kitten,Tonga. The breeder's daughter, nicknamed Tonga an 'ocicat'. Tonga was sold as a pet, but his parent cats had more spotted kittens. This began the Ocicat breed. Other breeders then also did the same steps. They mated Siamese cats to Abyssinians, and then those cat descendents to Siameses to get Ocicat kittens. The Ocicat was accepted in The Cat Fanciers' Association and was first shown for championships in 1987.

Other websites
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* Media related to Ocicat at Wikimedia Commons
* Cat Fanciers' Association Breed Profile: Ocicat Archived 2015-08-12 at the Wayback Machine
* CFA Ocicat Breed Council
* Jim DeBruhl, Sonja Moscoffian, and Shana Otis-Kuhnert, *The Ocicat;* CFA Yearbook, 1996  Archived 2015-06-14 at the Wayback Machine
**Rúnar Kristinsson** (born 5 September 1969 in Reykjavik, Iceland) is an Icelandic former association football midfielder who played for Lokeren, Lillestrøm SK, Örgryte IS and KR Reykjavík. He's currently the manager of the Norwegian club Lillestrøm.

Club career
-----------

He first began playing football at the small club of Leiknir, before he started practicing at KR Reykjavík, Iceland's largest club. He spent most of his youth career at KR Reykjavik. His skill attracted interest from foreign clubs, and he eventually went to the Swedish club of Örgryte IS in 1995. Halfway through the season, he moved to Lillestrøm SK in Norway. Rúnar was a success there, and moved to K.S.C. Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen in Belgium in 2000.

He decided to move back to KR Reykjavík in 2007 to finish off his career. He took over as head coach at KR halfway through the 2010 season and managed the team for four seasons. During that time, KR Reykjavík won two league titles (2011 and 2013) and three cup titles (2011, 2012 and 2014). Rúnar left KR November 2014, to manage his former club Lillestrøm SK.

International career
--------------------

He has made a record 104 appearances for Iceland, along with 3 goals. He was captain of the team in 11 matches, but retired from international football in 2004.

Honours
-------

### Player

KR Reykjavík
* Icelandic Cup (1): 1994.

### Manager

KR Reykjavík
* Úrvalsdeild (2): 2011, 2013.
* Icelandic Cup (3): 2011, 2012, 2014.
* Deildabikar (1): 2012.
* Icelandic Super Cup (2): 2012, 2014.

Other websites
--------------

* Bio at Lokeren Archived 2013-01-15 at Archive.today (in Dutch)
Much of the civil infrastructure was in ruins in Kabul due to the war. This photo of Jada Maiwand is from c. 1993.
The **Afghan Civil War** was going on from 1992 to 1996.

War over Kabul (28 April 1992–93)
---------------------------------

Fighting over Kabul started on 25 April 1992. The six armies fighting were Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin, Jamiat-e Islami, Harakat-i-Inqilab-i-Islami, Ittehad-e Islami, Hezb-i Wahdat and Junbish-i Milli. Mujahideen warlord Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, the leader of Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin, was offered the position of prime minister in President Mujaddidi's government - an interim. But this agreement was broken on 29 May when Mujaddidi accused Hekmatyar of having rockets fired at his airplane.

By 30 May 1992, Jamiat-e Islami and Junbish-i Milli mujahideen forces were fighting against Hekmatyar's Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin again in southern Kabul.

In May or early June, Hekmatyar's forces started [ firing cannons and grenade launcher toward targets] all around Kabul. Much support came from the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). Junbish-i Milli and Jamiat-e Islami in June shelled [or fired cannons and grenade launchers toward targets in] areas south of Kabul. Ittehad-e Islami and Hezb-i Wahdat were fighting each other in west Kabul. At the end of June 1992, Burhanuddin Rabbani took over as (acting or) interim president of Afghanistan. That government was weak, even from its start in April 1992.

In the rest of 1992, hundreds of rockets hit Kabul, thousands, mostly civilians, were killed, half a million people fled the city. In 1993, the rivalling militia factions continued their fights over Kabul, several cease-fires and peace accords failed.
According to Human Rights Watch, in the period 1992–95, five different mujahideen armies contributed to heavily damaging Kabul, though other analysts blame especially the Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin group.

Taliban take-over
-----------------

Map showing political control in Afghanistan in the fall of 1996, following the capture of Kabul by the Taliban.On 25 September, the strategic town of Sarobi, an eastern outpost of Kabul, fell to the Taliban who captured it from interim government troops. 50 people were killed and the Taliban captured many arms from fleeing government soldiers.

On 26 September, with the Taliban attacking Kabul, interim minister of defense Ahmad Shah Massoud in his headquarters in northern Kabul concluded that his and President Rabbani’s interim government's forces had been encircled, and decided to quickly evacuate or withdraw those forces to the north, to avoid destruction. Also Hekmatyar, leader of Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin, withdrew from Kabul.

By nightfall, or on the next day of 27 September, the Taliban had conquered Kabul. Taliban's leader Muhammad Umar appointed his deputy, Mullah Muhammad Rabbani, as head of a national ruling council which was called Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. By now, the Taliban controlled most of Afghanistan.

Related pages
-------------

* Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)
* Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)
**Pitchblende** is a radioactive, uranium-rich mineral and ore. It has a chemical composition that is largely UO2, but also contains UO3 and oxides of lead, thorium, and rare earth elements. It is known as pitchblende due to its black color and high density. It is also commonly referred to as **Uraninite**. 

The mineral has been known at least since the 15th century from silver mines in the Ore Mountains, on the German/Czech border. Pitchblende found in Germany was used by M. Klaproth in 1789 to discover the element uranium.

Pitchblende contains a small amount of radium as a radioactive decay product of uranium. Because the uranium isotopes 238U and 235U will decay to form the lead isotopes 206Pb and 207Pb, pitchblende also always has small amounts of lead. Small amounts of helium are also present in pitchblend as a result of alpha decay. 

Helium was first found on Earth in pitchblende after having been discovered in the Sun's atmosphere.

Occurrence
----------

Uraninite crystals from Topsham, Maine (size: 2.7×2.4×1.4 cm)
Pitchblende is a major ore of uranium. 

Some of the highest grade uranium ores in the world were found in the Shinkolobwe mine in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (the initial source for the Manhattan Project) and in the Athabasca Basin in northern Canada. 

Another important source of pitchblende is at Great Bear Lake in the Northwest Territories of Canada, where it is found in large quantities associated with silver. It also occurs in Australia, Germany, England, and South Africa. In the United States it can be found in the states of New Hampshire, Connecticut, North Carolina, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico.

Uranium ore is generally processed close to the mine into yellowcake, which is an intermediate step in the processing of uranium.

Related pages
-------------

* List of minerals
* Uranium
* Uranium 235

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Uraninite at Wikimedia Commons
World's Biggest Coffee Morning Logo
**World's Biggest Coffee Morning** is the biggest fundraising event by Macmillan Cancer Support. Every year, people in the UK and other places host an event called a Coffee Morning. The money received is to be used for services provided by Macmillan Cancer Support. In 2016, World's Biggest Coffee Morning raised £29.5 million.

History
-------

The first World's Biggest Coffee Morning happened in 1990, when a local fundraising committee held a coffee morning in which the cost of the coffee was donated to Macmillan Cancer Support. The first Coffee Morning that happened all around the UK happened in 1991, in which 2,600 supporters took part. Since then, the World's Biggest Coffee Morning has come a long way, to the point where it is the biggest and longest-happening fundraising event of its kind in the UK. In 2016, Coffee Morning raised over £29.5 million to help provide support to people in the UK who have cancer.

Some Coffee Morning hosts have raised money for the event in unusual ways, such as by hosting a Coffee Morning 100 feet underground in Poldark Mine, or on a jet fighter, or by hosting the most distant Coffee Morning, which happened in Antarctica.

Corporate supporters
--------------------

The official partner of Coffee Morning is Marks & Spencer. Since 2010, Marks & Spencer has raised £10 million by creating limited edition homeware products and selling a range of baked goods, and donating some of the money they make from them to Macmillan Cancer Support.

Notable participants
--------------------

* Alesha Dixon, English singer-songwriter, dancer, model, and television personality
* Larry Lamb, English actor
* Mrs Stephen Fry, blogger, author and award-winning Tweeter (and fictional "poor, downtrodden wife & mother of his [Stephen Fry’s] five, six or possibly seven kids.")
* Martin Clunes, English actor and comedian.
* Ben Fogle, English television presenter, adventurer and writer.
* Katherine Jenkins, Welsh classical singer. She attended a Marks & Spencer coffee morning with executive chairman Stuart Rose.
* Sheree Murphy, English actress and television presenter.

Other websites
--------------

* World's Biggest Coffee Morning
* World's Biggest Coffee Morning Facebook
* World's Biggest Coffee Morning Twitter
**High Wycombe** is a large town in south Buckinghamshire. It has a population of about 175,000 people. The town is the largest town in Buckinghamshire. High Wycombe is the central hub for south Buckinghamshire and parts of Berkshire, Oxfordshire and Hertfordshire. It has central bus and railway stations with services to London and Birmingham, England's two largest cities. It is also a shopping area. It has one of the largest shopping centres in England. The town is in the Chilterns, an area of natural beauty. This makes it a tourist location. It has a museum, a regional theatre, a tourist information centre and two National Trust properties within three miles of the town centre. It is also a sporting venue. The venue has a large football stadium and one of few olympic size swimming pools in the United Kingdom. The town has some colleges that offer quality education and several well-regarded grammar schools as well as Wycombe Abbey, a famous private girls school. Some of the top-rated scholls in High Wycombe are Highcrest Academy, Amersham & Wycombe College, John Hampden Grammar School, Royal Grammar School and Wycombe High .

Notable residents past and present include:

* Howard Jones
* Jimmy Carr
* Matt Dawson
* Heston Blumenthal
* Ian Dury

Other websites
--------------

* Wycombe District Council
**Mandy Grace Capristo** (born March 21, 1990 in Mannheim) is a German pop singer-songwriter, model, presenter, and dancer. She was known as a singer of the band Monrose.

Biography
---------

Mandy Capristo grew up in Bürstadt, Hesse. Her father is of Italian origin. Her mother Carmen is German. She has an older brother. She got her love of dancing and singing from her mother. In her late childhood, her parents split up.

Capristo had 6 years of ballet, gymnastics, dance lessons and piano lessons. At school, she appeared for the first time on a bigger stage with the musical *Dracula*. when she was 11, her teacher suggested that she apply for the Kiddy Contest in Austria. 2001 she won the contest with the song "Ich wünsche mir einen Bankomat". After that she appeared in TV shows like *Tabaluga* and *1, 2 or 3*. The album got to number one in the Austrian charts.

### 2006: Popstars and the band Monrose

Capristo applied for the show *Popstars* when she was sixteen. Finally, in 2006 she was elected in the final by a telephone vote in addition to Bahar Kizil and Senna Guemmour of the band Monrose. They had seven top ten hits in the charts. Their previous albums were also successful.

### 2007-2010: Work as model

2007, readers of the German edition of *FHM* men's magazine chose Capristo as number 10 of the 100 Sexiest Women in the World. In August 2007 she was on the cover of the magazine. This success earned her the first jobs as a model. In 2009 she topped the 100 Sexiest Women in the World. In addition she posed again in the June 2010 issue of German men's magazine *FHM*.

### 2011: Solo projects

When the Band Monrose split up in 2011, Capristo continued her solo projects. She was the face of the cosmetics brand BeYu. She worked on her own album. Capristo presented at the BeYu fair two songs with titles "Overrated" and "Be You". She also worked with Peter Maffay. They recorded the song "Die Zeit hält nur in Träumen" and presented the new one at *Wetten, dass...?* (a German TV-show).

In March 2012 Mandy announced that her new single "The Way I Like it" would appear on 13 April. The album carries her second name, Grace. Other titles are "Overrated", "Hurricane" and "It do not matter" The songwriter of "The Way I Like it" is called David Jost, who also produced Tokio Hotel and Keri Hilson.
An omelette being prepared
An **omelette** (also spelled as **omelet**) is a type of food that is mainly eggs, with various fillings. In the United States omelettes are usually eaten at breakfast. However omelettes can be eaten as a light lunch or late evening meal.

Making an Omelette
------------------

An omelette made of tofu and vegetables.
An omelette is prepared from beaten eggs cooked with butter or oil in a frying pan. A thin, flat 'heavy' omelette is usually folded around a filling such as cheese, vegetables, meat, or some combination of these ingredients. In some traditions, omelettes are fried to cook the bottom and then flipped over or in half for final stage of cooking. However, in other traditions, omelettes is baked to cook it evenly or the top is cooked under a broiler. When making an omelette, it is best to use several eggs. Put a little water in with the eggs when you mix them up because the water helps the eggs to produce steam as they cook. The steam makes them lighter and fluffier. Using oil in the bottom of a nonstick omelette pan helps prevent the omelette from sticking.

For a full light and fluffy omolette separate the egg whites and whisk to stiff peaks then fold in the yolks. Cook by frying in a knob of butter on a medium heat until center starts to dry then fold in half and cook until its hot in the middle.

"Famous" Omelettes
------------------

There are many different types of omelette, often with different names, depending on what is used as a filling.

### Arnold Bennett

Arnold Bennett (27 May 1867 - 27 March 1931) was a British writer. Often after having been to the theatre in London he visited the Savoy Hotel's Grillroom. The chef added haddock, cream and Parmesan cheese to the basic omelette and called the new dish "Omelette Arnold Bennett" in his customer's honour.

### Napoleon

According to legend when Napoleon Bonaparte and his army were marching through southern France, they stopped for the night near the town of Bessieres. A local innkeeper made Napoleon an omelette. Napoleon was so impressed by the cooking he ordered the townspeople to collect all the eggs in the village and to prepare a huge omelette for his army the next day.
The **Bardenas Reales** is a semi-desert natural region, or badlands. It is about 42,000 hectares (100,000 acres) and is located in southeast Navarre (Spain). The soils are made up of clay, chalk and sandstone. They have been eroded by water and wind. This has created a number of shapes, canyons, plateaus, tabular structures and isolated hills, called seamounts. Bardenas lacks urban areas and vegetation is scarce.

Location
--------

The Bardenas is in the southeast of Navarra, bordering Aragon. It is located in the middle of the depression of the Ebro valley at the foot of the mountains of the Yugo and the Zaragoza region of Cinco Villas. It is 45 km (28 mi) from north to south and 24 km (15 mi) east-west and at an altitude ranging between 280 and 659 m (919 and 2,162 ft). Its area is 41,845 hectares (103,400 acres). Limited to sixteen municipalities, of which thirteen are in Navarre and three in the province of Zaragoza.

Gallery
-------

* The White BardenaThe White Bardena
* Cabezo CastildetierraCabezo Castildetierra
* A cabezoA cabezo
* Cabezo CastildetierraCabezo Castildetierra
* Eroded gulliesEroded gullies
* RavinesRavines
* A U.S. Air Force McDonnell Douglas F-4E-61-MC Phantom II (s/n 74-1630) from the 81st Tactical Fighter Squadron, 52nd Tactical Wing, releasing 18 Mark 82 227 kg bombs over the Bardenas Reales Gunnery Range, Spain, on 25 March 1986A U.S. Air Force McDonnell Douglas F-4E-61-MC Phantom II (s/n 74-1630) from the 81st Tactical Fighter Squadron, 52nd Tactical Wing, releasing 18 Mark 82 227 kg bombs over the Bardenas Reales Gunnery Range, Spain, on 25 March 1986
* Demonstration against the Bardenas Reales bombing range in TudelaDemonstration against the Bardenas Reales bombing range in Tudela

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Bardenas Reales***.

* The landscape of Bardenas Reales
* Las Bardenas Reales (in French)
* Las Bardenas Reales (in Spanish)

Coordinates: 42°11′27″N 1°28′12″W﻿ / ﻿42.19083°N 1.47000°W﻿ / 42.19083; -1.47000
**Itatehyozu Shrine** (Japanese: 板手兵主神社, Itatehyōzu Jinja) is a Shinto shrine in Himeji, Hyōgo, Japan. It is renowned for its Single Mountain Rite held every 60 years and Three Mountains Rite held every 20 years. The shrine's rituals are related to rituals at Iwa Shrine a famous nearby shrine. It is a Sōja shrine and enshrines all the gods of Harima Province.

Background
----------

The Itatehyozu Shrine is believed to have an ancient connection with the Iwa Shrine, especially in terms of the deity worshipped and the rituals performed. While the Iwa Shrine is primarily dedicated to the deity Ōnamuchi-no-mikoto, associated with Mount Miya, Itatehyozu Shrine’s rites are said to have been established at the request of the Iwa Deity.

Single Mountain Rite and Three Mountains Rite
---------------------------------------------

The Itatehyozu Shrine follows a distinct cycle for its two principal rites. The Single Mountain Rite is performed once every sixty years, while the Three Mountains Rite takes place every twenty years.

### Single Mountain Rite

The Single Mountain Rite is an elaborate ceremony that pays homage to a single sacred mountain. This ritual involves a week-long sacred carnival event (kami-nigiwai gyōji) that sees the construction of a bamboo and cloth mountain, which is approximately fifteen meters in height. This structure is placed at the entrance of the shrine. A mountaintop shrine or 'hokora' is placed at the summit of this artificial mountain. Atop the shrine gate, a small hall is established. During the ceremony, sacred food offerings, including a variety of mochi, are presented to the deity.

### Three Mountains Rite

The Three Mountains Rite is focused on worshipping the three mountains surrounding the Iwa Shrine – Mount Takahata, Mount Hanasaki, and Mount Shirakura. Although this rite is performed every twenty years, it is similar in nature to the Single Mountain Rite in terms of the offerings and rituals.

Connection to Iwa Shrine
------------------------

As mentioned earlier, the rituals at Itatehyozu Shrine are believed to have been established upon the request of the Iwa Deity. Iwa Shrine has its own set of rites, namely the Single Mountain Rite and Three Mountains Rite. However, the frequency of these rituals at Iwa Shrine is exactly the opposite of those at Itatehyozu Shrine: the Single Mountain Rite at Iwa Shrine is held every twenty years, and the Three Mountains Rite every sixty years. Moreover, at Iwa Shrine, the rituals involve carrying a new mountaintop shrine to the summit of the mountain, and a white flag is raised.

Cultural Significance
---------------------

The rituals at Itatehyozu Shrine are highly significant culturally, and are awaited with anticipation due to their infrequent occurrence. They play an important role in the religious and cultural life of the local community. The rites are believed to ensure protection, prosperity, and harmony for the region, as they involve offering respects and homage to the sacred mountains and the deities associated with them.

Related pages
-------------

* Iwa Shrine
* Shinto
* Hyōgo Prefecture
The **Paso Internacional Los Libertadores**, also called *Cristo Redentor* is a border crossing in the Andes Mountains between Argentina and Chile. It is the main route between Los Andes, Valparaíso Region, (Chile) and the province of Mendoza, (Argentina), in addition to allowing the passage of heavy vehicles between both countries.

On the Argentine side, the access road has a slight incline until it finally enters a tunnel at 3,500 meters above sea level. The Chilean side has a large number of curves to save the steep slope.

Alternative tunnels
-------------------

To avoid a possible collapse of the border crossing in the event of a prolonged disabling of the main tunnel, the construction of two new tunnels has been proposed. The first is the Juan Pablo II Tunnel, which would be built 20 km from the current one at a height of 2,250 meters above sea level and would have a length of 27.2 km. This tunnel would join the towns of Horcones in Argentina, and Juncal in Chile.

The other proposed tunnel, called Paso Las Leñas, would be built at 2,050 meters above sea level and would have a length of 13 km; uniting the commune of Machalí in Chile, with the town of El Sosneado, near San Rafael, in Argentina.

Gallery
-------

The Chilean tunnel entrance in winter

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Paso Libertadores***.

* Official site of Cristo Redentor by Argentine National Gendarmerie
* Tunnels in Argentina
* *Cristo Redentor* Statue
* Updated state of different tunnels and crossings in Argentina
* Paso Las Leñas at University UTN, Mendoza, Argentina.
Showing the bones which were actually found
***Carnotaurus*** was a predatory dinosaur. It lived 70 million years ago on the Cretaceous period. It was a large theropod which lived in South America. Although there is only one well-preserved skeleton, it is one of the best-understood theropods from the southern hemisphere. The skeleton, found in 1984, was uncovered in the Chubut Province of Argentina.

*Carnotaurus* is a member of the Abelisauridae, a group of large theropods. They lived only in the ancient southern supercontinent Gondwana. They were the dominant predators of the later Cretaceous of Gondwana. They occupied the ecological niche filled by the tyrannosaurids in the northern continents.

Description
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*Carnotaurus* was a lightly built, bipedal predator, 7.5–8 m (24.6–26.2 ft) in length and weighing 1.3–2.1 metric tons (1.4–2.3 short tons; 1.3–2.1 long tons). As a theropod, *Carnotaurus* was highly specialized and distinctive. It had thick horns above the eyes, a feature not seen in other carnivorous dinosaurs, and a very deep skull sitting on a muscular neck. Also, it had small, vestigial forelimbs, smaller even than those of *Tyrannosaurus*.

The remains include skin impressions showing a mosaic of small, non-overlapping scales about 5 mm in diameter. The mosaic was interrupted by large bumps that lined the sides of the animal, and there are no hints of feathers.

The distinctive horns and muscular neck may have been used in fighting rivals of its own species. Rivals may have fought with quick head blows, by slow pushes with the upper sides of their skulls, or by ramming each other head-on, using their horns as shock absorbers. The feeding habits of *Carnotaurus* remain unclear. Some studies suggest the animal was able to hunt down very large prey such as sauropods, while other studies find it preyed mainly on relatively small animals. *Carnotaurus* was well adapted for running and was possibly one of the fastest large theropods.

Palaeoecology
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The animal lived in an environment of estuaries, tidal flats or coastal plains. The climate would have been seasonal with both dry and humid periods. The most common vertebrates collected include lungfish, turtles, crocodiles, plesiosaurs, dinosaurs, lizards, snakes and mammals. Turtles are represented by at least five taxa. In 2011, the discovery of a new enantiornithine bird from the La Colonia Formation was announced.

Media
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It appears in the movie *Dinosaur* (2000), when two Carnotaurus were killing other species of Iguanodon, Parasaurolophus, Pachyrhinosaurus or Stygimoloch. And in *Jurassic World 2: Fallen Kingdom* (2018), when fighting a Sinoceratops and gets taken down by the iconic "Rexy" the Tyrannosaurus rex. Later on in the movie, it escapes the "Lockwood Manor" in Michael Crichton's book "The Lost World" (1995)
**Hassocks** is a large village in West Sussex, England. 

It can be found about 7 miles (11.3 km) north of Brighton, and nearly 7000 people live there. Hassocks has grown since the 19th century, when work started on the London to Brighton railway. 

Hassocks viewed from the South Downs.
The village became better known after 2 April 1839 when the first railway line was laid between London and Brighton. Over 6,000 workmen were hired for up to two years building, blasting and clearing rubble beneath the South Downs to create Clayton Tunnel. It is the second longest tunnel on the London to Brighton Line, some 1¼ miles long and 270 feet (82 m) below ground. The opening of Hassocks Gate as the railway station in 1841 saw the beginning of the village that is known today. In 1861 there was a collision between two trains, which killed 23 people and injured 176 others.

Recent history
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Today Hassocks has lots of shops and a well-used community centre called Adastra Hall. It is quite expensive to buy a house in Hassocks, though it is not quite as expensive as neighbouring Ditchling and Hurstpierpoint. These villages have many nice, older buildings whereas Hassocks village centre was mainly built after World War Two.

Railway station
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Hassocks railway station serves the village. There are regular train services to London and Brighton.

Education
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Hassocks Infant School is a maintained infant school for pupils aged 4 to 7. It currently caters for around 180 pupils. The school is centrally located in the village. 

* 2003 Ofsted report Archived 2007-10-13 at the Wayback Machine
* 2007 Ofsted report[*permanent dead link*]

After leaving the Infant School children in the main go onto Windmills School in Dale Avenue which caters for years 3–6. 

* Ofsted reports Archived 2010-02-24 at the Wayback Machine

Secondary education for the village and surrounding areas is looked after by Downlands Community School.

Downlands Community School Sports Hall
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A sports hall and AstroTurf football pitch were constructed at Downlands Community School once.

Oldland Mill
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Oldland Mill in 2007.
There is a windmill being worked on by lots of local volunteers to try and get it back to working condition again as it was completely ruined. The windmill made flour for the first time in 100 years in October 2008.

Twin towns
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Hassocks's twin towns are:

* France Montmirail - France.
* Germany Wald-Michelbach - Germany.

Other websites
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* Hassocks Village information website Archived 2008-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
* Hassocks Football Club
* Hassocks Parish Council
* Overview of Hassocks, Keymer and Ditchling Archived 2008-07-04 at the Wayback Machine
* Hassocks Infant School
* Windmills School
* Downlands School
* Hassocks Ladies Football Club
* Clayton Tunnel Accident Archived 2006-12-31 at the Wayback Machine
**Inuyama** (犬山市, *Inuyama-shi*) (literally 'dog mountain') is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan.

In 2010, the city had a population of 75,449. The total area is 74.97 km². The city is along the edge of Aichi Prefecture. It is separated from neighbouring Gifu Prefecture by the Kiso River. It was founded on 1 April 1954.

Inuyama Castle
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There are a number of famous attractions in and around the city. The most famous attraction is Inuyama Castle on a 40m rise overlooking the Kiso river. This Japanese castle is also known as Hakutei-jō (White Emperor Castle). It was named by the Confucian scholar Ogyū Sorai during the Edo period. It is a four-story structure with two underground levels, although it has only three roofs. The castle was made a Japanese national treasure in 1935 and again in 1952. It the oldest original wooden castle in Japan.

Joan tea house

Other sights
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Another famous attraction is the Urakuen tea garden used for tea ceremonies. This garden has the Joan tea house, built in 1618. The Joan tea house was originally built in Kyoto. It was moved to its current location in 1972. The building is one of the finest examples of tea house architecture.

The Kiso river also has some very beautiful rapids upstream of the castle. These rapids and the rock formations are called the Nihon Rhine after the Rhine river in Germany. Boat tours are available. Cormorant fishing on the Kiso river is also done, although nowadays almost only for tourists.

Near Inuyama is the Meiji Mura. This is an open-air architectural museum for keeping and showing structures of the Meiji (1867–1912) and Taishō (1913–1926) eras. As of 2005, 67 historical buildings are kept on an area of 1,000,000 m2. The most famous one is the main entrance and lobby of Tokyo's old Imperial Hotel. It was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and built in 1923.

There is also the Japan Monkey park, with different species of monkeys and other entertainment.

Inuyama is the site of the Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University, one of the world's foremost centres for research in non-human primate biology and behaviour.

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Inuyama***.

* Official website (in Japanese)
* Official website Archived 2010-01-07 at the Wayback Machine
**Sha Tin**, also spelt **Shatin**, is a satellite town along Shing Mun River in Sha Tin District of East New Territories, Hong Kong. Administratively, it is part of the Sha Tin District. It is one of Hong Kong's most prominent examples of new town developments in the 1970s. Together with its satellite town Ma On Shan, Shatin is the most populous city in the New Territories, with a 2011 population census of 630,273 within an area of 35.87 km2 (13.85 sq mi). It is in the southern half of New Territories East below Tolo Harbour, it is the principal city of Sha Tin District, which is the second most populous district of the territory.

The city was founded in 1973 under the New Towns Development Programme of the Hong Kong government. Its current name was named after the nearby village of Sha Tin Wai. Housing the industrial area of Fo Tan, Shatin's economy once heavily relied on manufacturing, logistics and transportation. Since the late 1990s, it has undergone an extensive transition into areas such as business, service, tourism, entertainment, culture, education, sports, technology and scientific research. This has been marked by the building of Sha Tin Racecourse, Hong Kong Sports Institute and the Hong Kong Science Park in its outskirts.

Geography
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Sha Tin New Town under development in the late 1970s.
Sha Tin is in a valley, on both sides of the Shing Mun River, running from the southwest to the northeast. It is bordered by Tai Wai in the southwest and by Fo Tan (left bank) and Shek Mun (right bank) in the northeast.

### Cross-border activities

Because they are close to the Shenzhen border, towns in the northern parts of Hong Kong, notably Sheung Shui and Yuen Long, have become hubs for parallel traders who have been buying up large quantities of goods, forcing up local prices and disrupting the daily lives of local citizens. Since 2012, there has been an increase in mainland parallel traders arriving in the North District of Hong Kong to re-export infant formula and household products – goods popular with mainlanders – across the border to Shenzhen. The volume of smuggling activity spilled over into Tuen Mun and Sha Tin in 2014.

The first anti-parallel trading protest was started at Sheung Shui in September 2012. As government efforts to limit the adverse impact of mainland trafficking were widely seen as inadequate, so there have been further subsequent protests in towns in the North District including Sha Tin.
A **destructive cult** is a cult or other religious movement which has caused harm to its members or other people, or which will likely do so. There is a discussion of what *harm* really means in this context. For most researchers, it includes *physical harm*, so organisations who injure or kill their members qualify.

Some researchers also include mental abuse in this notion of harm, for example: "A destructive cult is a pyramid-shaped authoritarian regime with a person or group of people that have dictatorial control. It uses deception in recruiting new members (e.g. people are NOT told up front what the group is, what the group actually believes and what will be expected of them if they become members". Psychologist Michael Langone defines a destructive cult as "a highly manipulative group which exploits and sometimes physically and/or psychologically damages members and recruits". Lifton's "Eight criteria for thought reform" are criteria to identify a destructive cult.

The use of the term "destructive cult" has also been criticised. According to some researchers, the term has been used to describe groups which are not necessarily harmful to themselves or others. The term may be used too widely, and equated with the deaths of members of Peoples Temple at Jonestown. Some complain that the term has been used to discredit groups. Lorne L. Dawson writes that though the Unification Church "has not been shown to be violent or volatile," it has been described as a destructive cult by "anticult crusaders".

The German Federal Constitutional Court ruled in 2002, that the German government defamed the Osho movement by referring to it, among other things, as a "destructive cult". The court decided that "destructive cult" and other expressions employed by the government to describe the group had no factual basis to justify their use.
**Ivan (Janez) Regen** (called **Johann Regen**) (December 9, 1868 – July 27, 1947), was a Slovenian biologist. He is best known for his studies in bioacoustics, the science of hearing and communicating.

Early life
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Regen was born in the village of Lajše (now Slovenia). His mother encouraged his interest in insect sounds. His father lost a lot of money bring cloth into Slovenia and could not pay for Ivan to go to school. Ivan was given a scholarship so that he could go to school at the local seminary. He was able to save enough money go to study in Vienna. He studied natural history at the University of Vienna with teachers Grobben, Exner and Claus. He got his doctorate in 1897 and began to work as a school teacher in Vienna, and later in Hranice, Moravia. Exner helped him get a job back in Vienna. He worked in a secondary school there until his retirement in 1918.

Research
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Regen began to study insects in great detail. He was one of the first Slovenian scientists to work in another country after World War I. He was the first scientist to study the grasshopper in a lot of detail. He studied katydid and cricket sounds, he proved that insects did react to sounds from each other. He was able to make crickets react to artificial sounds using a loudspeaker. In one experiment, he used a telephone to send sounds from one cricket to another in different rooms. Later, he showed that insects hear with their ear drum. He was the first person to work out what the ear drum does. He is the person who started the study of bioacoustics. He also studied the insects breathing, their hibernation, coloring, and how they shed their skin.

Regen's largest project was his "geobiological laboratory", a large glass cage, called a terrarium. He used this to study the way crickets could find other crickets using sounds; this is called phonotaxis. Using up to 1600 females with normal or damaged hearing, he was able to work out how they did this.

He worked for himself after 1911, but he supported several groups and organizations in Slovenia. He started using Slovene terminology in his areas of study. In 1921, he was asked to be a professor at the University of Ljubljana, but did not take it. In 1940, he became a member of Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts and was also a member of Slovenian Society of Natural History.

Even though he was a famous scientist known around the world, he was poor and lived alone. His experiments were paid for by the Austrian Academy of Sciences, but he was not allowed to be a member. He did all his work at home. After his death, a lot of his special equipment such as microphones, oscilloscopes, galvanometer, and his written notes were destroyed.
**Joan Waste** (1534 - 1 August 1556) was a blind woman who was burned in Derby because she would not stop being a Protestant. She had bought a Bible so that friends could read to her.

Biography
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Waste was blind when she was born in 1534. Her parents were William and Joan Waste. William's job was to cut people's hair and make rope. By the age of twelve, Joan had learned to make ropes and clothes.

In 1553, Queen Mary came to the throne and it was made illegal to hold Protestant views. Mary condemned 277 people for not having the right sort of religion. This crime was called heresy.

Joan and her family attended services at St Peter's church where they heard the services in English until Mary became Queen.
Joan Waste was taken to court for breaking the law. The judge was a man employed by the bishop. She had to defend her views and was told she would die. She had not liked the fact that the church services were being read in the language of Latin. She was to die for being a Protestant and for refusing to agree with the Catholic Church. She bought a Bible in English, but the Catholic Church wanted them to only be in Latin. She asked friends to read to her for a penny.

Windmill Hill Pit in the nineteenth century. (It was known as the "ordeal pit" in the eleventh century). Her trial took place at All Saints Church. This main building has been rebuilt, but the tower was built in 1530. This tower is now part of Derby's cathedral.

On the day of her death she walked arm-in-arm with her twin brother to be burned.

Her death took place at the Windmill Pit on the Burton Road in Derby. She was hanged over the fire with a rope. She fell into the fire when the rope burned through. The judge was Antony Draycot. He went home to his meal.

The place where Joan Waste was killed is now the site of a church. When Elizabeth I of England became queen in 1559 she removed Ralph Baines from the job of Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield. Baines was sent to be a prisoner of the Bishop of London. The judge was also sent to be a prisoner. He died after being released in 1571.
***Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth*** (逆転検事, literally "Turnabout Prosecutor") is an adventure video game that Capcom released for the Nintendo DS game console. It is a spin-off of the *Ace Attorney* games starring Miles Edgeworth and Dick Gumshoe, two main characters in the series.

Gameplay
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*Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth* plays differently from the other games. The games in the *Ace Attorney* series are courtroom dramas, but *Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth* focuses on pointing and clicking around the area, moving Edgeworth around the crime scenes to find evidence.

Development
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When it was being developed, it was called *NEW Gyakuten NOT Saiban* because it used the same setting and characters, but different gameplay. It is being directed by Tsuyoshi Yamazaki instead of Shu Takumi, who directed the other games were. By April 2008, they said that the game was 40% complete.

Other websites
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* Gyakuten Kenji's official web site Archived 2008-06-25 at the Wayback Machine