recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Maria Josepha of Saxony** (Maria Josepha Karolina Eleonore Franziska Xaveria; 4 November 1731 – 13 March 1767) was a Dauphine of France and daughter-in-law of Louis XV. Marie Josèphe was the mother of three kings of France, including the doomed Louis XVI, who died under the guillotine during the French Revolution. Her youngest daughter, Madame Élisabeth, also was beheaded during the Revolution.

Family
------

Maria Josepha was born at Dresden Castle to Augustus III of Poland. She was named after her mother Maria Josepha of Austria. Her mother was a first cousin of Maria Theresa of Austria. Maria Josepha was the eighth of fifteen children and the fourth daughter. Her oldest sister Maria Amalia had married the future Charles III of Spain.

Marriage
--------

She was married to the Dauphin of France on 9 February 1747, Maria Josepha of Saxony married Louis of France. The dauphin had been married to Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain who had died in childbirth in 1746. In France the Saxon princess was known as *Marie-Josèphe de Saxe*. The dauphin mourned the death of his first wife but would eventually fall in love with Marie Josèphe. Like her husband, Marie Josèphe was very devout. She was the mother of some eight children, her favourite being Louis, Duke of Burgundy who died young. Politically reserved, she exerted herself only once, in 1762, in vain, for the preservation of the Society of Jesus in France. The Society had been dissolved by the King on the initiative of the duc de Choiseul and Madame de Pompadour.

The death of her husband, in December 1765, she sank into a deep depression for the rest of her life. Her health declined and she died on 13 March 1767 of tuberculosis and was buried at Sens Cathedral and her heart was taken to the Basilica of Saint Denis.

Issue
-----

1. Marie Zéphyrine of France (26 August 1750 - 1 September 1755) died in infancy.
2. Louis Joseph Xavier of France, Duke of Burgundy (13 September 1751 - 22 March 1761) died in infancy.
3. Xavier of France, Duke of Aquitaine (8 September 1753 -22 February 1754\_
4. Louis XVI of France (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) married Marie Antoinette and had issue.
5. Louis XVIII of France (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824) married Princess Marie Joséphine of Savoy, no issue.
6. Charles X of France (9 October 1757 - 6 November 1836) married Princess Maria Theresa of Savoy and had issue
7. Marie Clotilde of France (23 September 1759 – 7 March 1802) married Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia, no issue.
8. Élisabeth of France (3 May 1764 – 10 May 1794) died unmarried.

Maria Josepha also had a stillborn son in 1748 and again in 1749. A stillborn daughter in 1752; Stillborn son in 1756. She also miscarried a son in 1762.

Titles, styles, honours and arms
--------------------------------

### Titles and styles

* **4 November, 1731 - 9 February 1747** *Her Highness* Duchess Maria Josepha of Saxony
* **9 February 1747 – 20 December 1765** *Her Royal Highness* The Dauphine of France
* **20 December 1765 – 13 March 1767** *Her Royal Highness* The Dowager Dauphine of France

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Marie-Josèphe of Saxony at Wikimedia Commons
The **Trickster** is a name used by several characters in the DC Comics universe. The original was **Giovanni Giuseppe**, a member of the Rogues and enemy of the Flash who commits crimes using dangerous gadgets themed after practical joke elements. His most notable invention is a pair of shoes that allow him to walk on the air itself. He has also been a member of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Secret Society of Super Villains. There have been two super-villains to use the name, former circus acrobat **James Jesse** and teenage hoodlum **Axel Walker**.

*Trickster* was created by John Broome and Carmine Infantino, first appearing in *The Flash* #113. (1960) *Axel Walker* was created by Geoff Johns and Scott Kolins, first appearing in *The Flash* (Volume 2) #183 (2002).

Adaptations
-----------

Both the James Jesse and Axel Walker incarnations of the character have been substantially adapted into television productions of DC Comics work. Actor Mark Hamill is most closely associated with the role, having played the James Jesse incarnation in two live-action television series and voiced the character in several animated and video game appearances. Devon Graye portrayed the Axel Walker incarnation in *The Flash* television series.
**Roger Arliner Young** (August 20, 1899-November 9, 1964) was a zoologist, biologist, and marine biologist. She was the first Black American woman to get a Ph.D. in zoology. She is best known for her groundbreaking research in fertilization and her revolutionary article published in *Science* in 1924, "On the Excretory Apparatus in Paramecium." She was the first Black woman to publish in *Science* magazine or any other biology publication. She was the first Black woman to do research at Woods Hole, in Massachusetts. In fact, in 2005, a Congressional Resolution said she had "broken through many barriers to achieve greatness in science." She also was a co-founder of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity.

Early life and education
------------------------

Young was born in Clifton Forge, Virginia. She grew up in Burgettstown, Pennsylvania. Young had to take care of her mother. Her mother could not work. Young also had health problems.

Young attended Howard University. She began when she was twenty-seven years old. She planned to study music. In 1921, she met Ernest Everett Just. She took a biology class from him. He became her mentor. She decided to study zoology. It took Young from 1916-1923 to complete college.

Young started studying for her Ph.D. at the University of Chicago in 1924. The same year, she published her article in *Science* magazine. She completed her Master's degree. Her advisor was Frank Lillie. She was invited to join Sigma Xi, an honors research society, a group that honors good work in science. Usually, Sigma Xi did not offer membership to people with only Master's degrees. She did not pass her exams for her doctoral degree. In January of 1930 she left the university. She felt embarrassed and did not continue trying. In 1937, she began studying under L. V. Heilbrunn at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1940, she finally completed her Ph.D.

Research
--------

Young's research focused on ocean life. Usually she focused on reproduction. She studied how radiation affected sea urchin eggs. She researched salt and water in paramecia. She studied fertilization in paramecia.

Career
------

Young worked in Just's lab at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts in the summer of 1926. She taught as head of the Howard University zoology department when Just worked on research in Europe.

After Young left the University of Chicago, she still did research at Woods Hole. She taught at Howard University until 1937.

Between 1935 and 1938, Young published four articles.

Young became an assistant professor at the North Carolina College for Negroes in Raleigh after she got her Ph.D. She was the head of the Biology department at Shaw University. She then taught for a while in Texas and at Jackson State College in Mississippi. In 1962 she taught at Southern University.

Personal life
-------------

Young suffered from mental health problems her whole life. That is why she changed jobs a lot. She died in New Orleans on November 9, 1964.
George Lucas in 2009.
**George Walton Lucas Jr.** (born May 14, 1944) is an American movie director, producer, and screenwriter most famous for the *Star Wars* and *Indiana Jones* movie series.

He also directed the movies *THX 1138* (1971) and *American Graffiti* (1973). He made the *Indiana Jones* series with Steven Spielberg. He is also an innovator for what he has done with special effects, and has founded companies that make not only movies, but also things like video games, theme park rides, and TV shows.

Lucas founded the Pixar animation studio and later sold it to Steve Jobs in 1986 for $10 million.

Personal life
-------------

He has three children: Katie, Amanda and Jett Lucas (born 1993). Jett has had cameo appearances in *Attack of the Clones* and *Revenge of the Sith* as Zett Jukassa. 

Lucas began dating Mellody Hobson, president of Ariel Investments and chair of DreamWorks Animation, in 2006. Lucas and Hobson announced their engagement in January 2013, and married on June 22, 2013 at Lucas's Skywalker Ranch in Marin County, California.

George Lucas Cultural Arts Museum
---------------------------------

A George Lucas Cultural Arts Museum was to be built in San Francisco, California, but after talks failed, Lucas decided not to build the museum in San Francisco. 

Soon afterwards, the Chicago Tribune reported that Lucas wanted to build the museum in Chicago, Illinois. Lucas said: *"The city of Chicago has enthusiastically welcomed me and I consider Chicago to be my second home," Lucas said in a statement. "I look forward to working with community leaders to see if Chicago can become home to the Lucas Cultural Arts Museum. "* The office of Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel confirmed that talks between the two were ongoing. A potential lakefront site on Museum Campus in Chicago was proposed in May 2014. On June 24, 2014, the *Chicago Sun-Times* reported that Chicago was selected as the location, pending approval of the Chicago Plan Commission. The commission approved the idea and the museum will be built in Chicago.

Other websites
--------------

* George Lucas on IMDb
**Leonese Language Day** (*Día de la Llingua Llïonesa*) is a celebration of the Leonese language. This celebration was started in the city of Llión, province of Llión, Spain. It was the result of a protocol signed between Leonese Provincial Government and the Cultural Association for Leonese Language El Fueyu. The celebration is run by the Llión City Council.

Some things that happen during the celebration are a display of traditional Leonese music, as well as the display of some works about Leonese language. There are also books about the Leonese language and Leonese films.

I Leonese Language Day
----------------------

Leonese Language Day started on June 10, 2006. The celebration was organized by the *Asociación Cultural de la Llingua Llïonesa El Fueyu* with the help of the Asociación Berciana en Defensa de la Llingua Llïonesa El Toralín, *La Barda* (Leonese language association from Salamanca) and *Pro Monumenta*. There were traditional Leonese musical actuations and it was presented the book in Leonese language "Cuentos del Sil", and several personalities from the cultural, universitary, politic leonese world with young Leonese language students recited poems in Leonese language. It counted with the support of Leonese Provincial Government

II Leonese Language Day
-----------------------

This second Leonese Language Day was celebrated on December 16, 2007. The celebration was organized by the Leonese City Council with the help of several associations. At the celebration a documentary called *Asina falamos* was shown, as well as a play called *Fuei a corteixar a Robles*.

III Leonese Language Day
------------------------

The third Leonese Language Day was run by the Leonese City Council, with help of several Leonese associations like puntuLLI. That celebration was on December 30. There were meetings about the Leonese Language at the celebration.

IV Leonese Language Day
-----------------------

At the fourth Leonese Language Day there were musicians like Rodrigo Martínez, Banda de Gaitas, and Ciudá de Llión. During the celebration diplomas were given to the people who done Leonese language lessons in School.

Related pages
-------------

* Leonese language
* Asociación Cultural de la Llingua Llïonesa El Fueyu
* Asociación Berciana en Defensa de la Llingua Llïonesa El Toralín
* Cuentos del Sil

Other websites
--------------

* Official new of the signement of the Protocl between the Leonese Provincial Government and Leonese Language Association for developing the Leonese Language Day Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
* Leonese Language Association
* Leonese Language Association from El Bierzu
* Top Level Domain for Leonese Language
* Asociación de Profesores y Monitores de Llingua Llïonesa Archived 2012-10-21 at the Wayback Machine
Cathode ray tube using electromagnetic focus and deflection (parts shown are not to scale)
The **cathode ray tube** or **CRT** was invented by Karl Ferdinand Braun. It was the most common type of display for many years. It was used in almost all computer monitors and televisions until LCD and plasma screens started being used.

A cathode ray tube has an electron gun. The cathode is an electrode (a metal that can send out electrons when heated). The cathode is inside a glass tube. Also inside the glass tube is an anode that attracts electrons. This is used to pull the electrons toward the front of the glass tube, so the electrons shoot out in one direction, making a cathode ray. To better control the direction of the ray, the air is taken out of the tube, making a vacuum.

The electrons hit the front of the tube, where a phosphor screen is. The electrons make the phosphor light up. The electrons can be aimed by creating a magnetic field. By carefully controlling which bits of phosphor light up, a bright picture can be made on the front of the vacuum tube. Changing this picture 30 times every second will make it look like the picture is moving. Because there is a vacuum inside the tube (which has to be strong enough to hold out the air), and the tube must be glass for the phosphor to be visible, the tube must be made of thick glass. For a large television, this vacuum tube can be quite heavy.

The cathode ray tube was invented in 1897, and used as an oscilloscope (a machine to show waves). Later, along with other inventions and improvements, it was used for the first modern electronic television by Philo T. Farnsworth in the 1920s. The CRT was the main type of television screen until the liquid crystal display became popular in the early 2000s.

Related pages
-------------

* Liquid crystal display
* Vacuum tube
**Kristallnacht** (also called **Reichskristallnacht**, **Reichspogromnacht**, English: Night of the Broken Glass) was a two-day pogrom that happened against Jews in Nazi Germany and parts of Austria. It happened between the 9th and the 10th of November 1938. At least one thousand people were killed. However, servicemen of SS wrote a report that said that only 91 people were killed. About 30,000 Jews were moved to concentration camps, and over 1,500 synagogues were pillaged and partly destroyed. Also, almost all Jewish cemeteries in Germany and Austria were destroyed. This marked the change from discriminating against Jews to actively persecuting and deporting them.

Herschel Grynszpan (sometimes also spelled *Grünspan*), a 17-year-old Jew living in Paris, learned that his whole family had been made to go back to Zsbaszyn in Poland, even though the younger children had been born in Germany. He got a gun, and with this he fired shots at Ernst Eduard vom Rath, who was a secretary of the German embassy in Paris. This was on 7 November. Vom Rath died of his wounds on 9 November.

The motive of Grynszpan is unclear. In a judicial hearing in 1942, he said it was revenge. He meant to shoot the ambassador, but hit the secretary instead.

The NSDAP used this event as an excuse to seize Jewish property. There had been a similar event in February 1936 but there were almost no consequences. Then, a Jewish student, David Frankfurter, had fired shots at the NSDAP secretary Wilhelm Gustloff. At that time, the NSDAP could not act because of the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.

Photo gallery
-------------

* Kristallnacht started after Herschel Grynzpan (above) shot Ernst vom Rath*Kristallnacht* started after Herschel Grynzpan (above) shot Ernst vom Rath
* Grynzpan was angry that Ernst vom Rath (above) had let his family be deportedGrynzpan was angry that Ernst vom Rath (above) had let his family be deported
* The Nazis destroyed many synagogues, like this one in MunichThe Nazis destroyed many synagogues, like this one in Munich
* Home movie from Vienna showing how Jewish stores were destroyed
* A ruined synagogue in GermanyA ruined synagogue in Germany
* Polish Jews being forced to leave their homes in Germany, 1938Polish Jews being forced to leave their homes in Germany, 1938

Further reading
---------------

* Schultheis, Herbert. *Die Reichskristallnacht in Deutschland nach Augenzeugenberichten (Bad Neustädter Beiträge zur Geschichte und Heimatkunde Frankens 3)*. Bad Neustadt a. d. Saale: Rötter Druck und Verlag. 1985. ISBN 978-3-9800482-3-1.
A **staff** (or **stave**) is the name given to the five horizontal lines on which we can write music. Musical notes can be placed either on a line (i.e. with a line going through the middle of the note head) or in a space. There are four inside spaces as well as the two outer spaces at the top or bottom.

The higher the pitch of the note the higher it will be on the staff. Taking the white notes of a keyboard: each note (A, B, C, D etc.) is placed higher on the stave (line, space, line, space etc.). A clef is needed to show which notes they are. There are different clefs to suit high, medium or low instruments.

This musical example shows the opening of *Symphony no 5* by Beethoven. The first three notes are on the second line (counting from the bottom). They are Gs, because there is a treble clef at the beginning of the staff. The fourth note is a little lower: on the bottom line, the E line (because of the flats in the key signature it is an E flat). The next note is between the other two in pitch (an F). After the three Fs comes a D in the outside bottom space.

Sometimes composers have used staves with fewer or more than 5 lines, but the five-line staff started to become the usual one in Western music in the 13th century.

When notes are a little too high or low to put on the stave, extension lines are used. These are called ledger lines. 

If two or more staves are being played at the same time the staves are joined on the left by a bracket which is called a **brace**. Piano music, for example, is written on two staves: one for the right hand and one for the left.

Instruments that only play a rhythm (such as the cymbals), do not need a stave. The notes can be written just on one line. The beats are crosses. It's modern notation started from the Catholic Church.
Close-up of a tablet containing writing in Linear A
Tablets with Linear A found on the island of Thera
Linear A as it was found on a cup
**Linear A** is an ancient script used on Crete. No one has been able to translate this script yet. It was one of the writing systems used in Minoan Crete. Another script, about a century older, is called Cretan hieroglyphs. For some time, both methods of writing were used. Probably, each system was used for a special purpose.

Linear A was used from about the 17th century BC until the 15th century BC. Linear B is a script based on Linear A. It has been translated. Archaeologist Arthur Evans found both Linear A and B.

Linear A has about fifty signs that are similar to those in Linear B. About 80% of the signs in Linear A are unique. Using the knowledge from Linear B to read Linear A produces text which cannot be read. The language used has been called *Eteocretan*. It does not seem to be related to any known language. Today, about 70 characters (probably representing syllables) are known. The meaning of about 100 ideographic characters is known. These are combined with the syllables. Also, there are a few numerals whose value is known.

Most texts seem to be lists. A few are probably short dedications, as they are found on libations. So far, no long texts have been found. Straight lines, such as those used for Linear A, are not very practical to use on clay tables. For this reasons, most writing was probably done on other things, such as papyrus or parchment. The problem with these materials is that they do not last as long as clay does. For this reason, most writing on papyrus and parchment has probably been lost.

| Writing system | Geographical area | Time span  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cretan Hieroglyphic | Crete (eastward from the Knossos-Phaistos axis) | c. 2100–1700 BC. |
| Linear A | Crete (except extreme southwest), Aegean islands (Kea, Kythera, Melos, Thera), and Greek mainland (Laconia) | c. 1800–1450 BC |
| Linear B | Crete (Knossos), and mainland (Pylos, Mycenae, Thebes, Tiryns) | c. 1450–1200 BC |
The **Communist Party of the Soviet Union** (**CPSU**) was the ruling political party in the Soviet Union, and the only legal one. The leaders of the party were Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Joseph Stalin, Lavrentiy Beria, Georgy Malenkov, Nikita Khrushchev, Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, Konstantin Chernenko, and finally Mikhail Gorbachev.

Before the creation of the Russian Communist Party in 1918, its members were part of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. They made up a group within that party, which was called the Bolsheviks. The first leader of the CPSU was Vladimir Lenin. The first General Secretary of the party was Stalin from 1922–52. The party led the 1917 October Revolution that overthrew the Russian Provisional Government during World War I. From 1918–25, the name of the party was **Russian Communist Party**. From 1925–52, the name was **All-Union Communist Party**. The Party took the name **Communist Party of the Soviet Union** in 1952.

The Communist Party controlled all the government in the Soviet Union. The party supported communist movements in Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa. In 1990, during a big reform called "perestroika", or "restructuring", the party lost its position as the only party allowed. The CPSU was dissolved in 1991, and continued as the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The new CPRF has sometimes been the largest in the Russian parliament, the State Duma.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Communist Party of the Soviet Union at Wikimedia Commons

* Executive Bodies of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1917–1991)
* Program of the CPSU, 27th Party Congress (1986)
"Fuckzilla", a robot armed with various sex toys, at Arse Elektronika
**Robosexuality** is where a person is sexually attracted to machines, such as robots. The word "robosexuality" comes from combining the words "robot" and "sexual". Robosexuality is different from mechanophilia and technosexuality, but they can still be interconnected. A person who is sexually attracted to robots can be referred to as a robosexual. A person who is robosexual may have different gender preferences than another person who is "Robosexual". 

Robosexuality can be used an umbrella term to describe the sexual attraction to robots of any kind, whether they are humanlike or not. Many prefer a robot with conscience and emotion, or even the illusion of it.

Robosexuality in the world
--------------------------

### Robosexuality in the East

Roughly 50% of all the robots in the world are in Asia, 32% in Europe, and 16% in North America, 1% in Australia and 1% in Africa.

40% of all robots in the world are found in Japan.

In Japan and South Korea, ideas of future robots have been mainly positive. The number of robots in Japan means more people in Japan are likely to have a love of gadgets. Manga and anime series in both countries often show love or sex between robots and humans. This would mean more robosexuality.

Japanese religious beliefs allow the idea that robots have souls. This also makes the idea of love between humans and robots more acceptable or ordinary.

### Robosexuality in the West

The idea of physical sexuality is less accepted in the west than in Japan. Western societies are more likely to be against, or even fear the development of robots. This is because a lot of films and books show robots as replacing humans instead of helping them.

'RealDoll' is a life-size sex-doll sold in America, that can be sold with robotic implants. People who feel sexually attracted, or have sex with these, are robosexual. However, one important thing to notice is that this American machine does not move and think by itself, unlike their Japanese and South Korean counterparts.

Related pages
-------------

* Technosexuality
* Robot
**Ballarpur Fort** (earlier called Ballarshah Fort) is an ancient fort in Chandrapur district, Maharashtra. The fort is located in the Ballarpur city , on the east banks of river Wardha.

History
-------

Ballarpur fort was founded by the Gond King Khandkya Ballal Shah (1437-62), who succeeded to the throne of Ser Shah, his father. He was also the founder of the Chandrapur city. The King discovered a pond with miraculous waters which healed his boils and tumors. It was named as Akaleshwar tirth. The town grew up around the fort as Ballarpur or the city of Ballal. For many years Ballarpur was the seat of kingdom, the Chandrapur city was established later. The last Gond king Nilkantha Shah died in the imprisonment at Ballarpur.

Features
--------

The fort was built of large black stones and was a formidable defense in its time. This fort is rectangular in shape with main entrance facing east side. On the eastern bank of the Wardha, the land fort built here is a class with walls and towers. There are two intact doors set on each other's right angle. There is also a small entrance on the edge of the river. The walls of the fort are still intact, but all the old buildings are in total ruins. Many parts of this pillar are still safe inside the earth. There are undiscovered tunnels in the fort walls.
Sweet potato
Sweet potato cake (Réunion).
The **sweet potato** (*Ipomoea batatas*) is a plant that is a member of the morning glory family, grown for its sweet, edible, tuberous roots. Sweet potatoes contain a lot of fiber and beta-carotene. They are eaten around the world.

Naming
------

The sweet potato is not closely related to the common potato, but they both share the same name origin. The first Europeans to taste sweet potatoes were members of Christopher Columbus's expedition in 1492. There were local names for different cultivars for the sweet potato. However, the part of the name that remained was the indigenous Taino name of the potato, *batata*. The Spanish combined the word *batata* with the Quechua word for potato, *papa*, to create the word *patata* for the common potato.

In Argentina, Venezuela, Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic the sweet potato is called *batata*. In Mexico, Peru, Chile, Central America, and the Philippines, the sweet potato is known as *camote* (*kamote* in the Philippines).

In Peru, the Quechua name for a type of sweet potato is *kumar*. This is very similar to the Polynesian name *kumara*. This interesting naming pattern has led some scholars to suspect that the Polynesians were related to native South Americans.

In New Zealand, the most common cultivar is the red (which is actually colored purple) cultivar called *kumara*. Kumara is very popular as a roasted food, often served with sour cream and sweet chili sauce. Occasionally, shops in Australia will label New Zealand purple cultivars as "purple sweet potato" to make it appear different from other cultivars. About 95% of Australia's production of sweet potatoes is the orange cultivar named 'Beauregard', originally from North America, known simply as "sweet potato".

History
-------

In Peru, the use of sweet potatoes dates to about 7999 BC. which was **Year 1, ADA**.

Sir William Shakespeare wrote, "Let the sky rain potatoes!" in reference to sweet potatoes' aphrodisiac qualities, in "The Merry Wives of Windsor."

Sweet potatoes were introduced a food crop in Japan in 1735  and in Korea in 1764, G.

Related pages
-------------

* Potato
* Araceae
* Root vegetable
* Taro
* Yam
**Cecilia Concepcion Alvarez** is an American Latina artist. Her work thinks about gender.

Born and raised
---------------

Cecilia Alvarez was born April 15, 1950 in National City, California. Jeorge Guillermo Alvarez and Cecilia Alejandra Diego de Alvarez are her parents. Alvarez grew up on the San Diego-Tijuana border. She moved to Canada, and then to Seattle in 1975.

Education
---------

Alvarez attended San Diego State University. She studied sociology. Alvarez later quit university to support her family.

Career
------

Alvarez is a self taught artist. She makes paintings and public murals. She is part of The Guerrilla Girls art group.

Message behind her art
----------------------

Alvarez expresses her life experiences through her art. She brings light to silenced voices, she highlights journeys that others overlook. Her art redefines femininity, beauty, and power. She aims to help youth understand the complex topics of our world. Alvarez celebrates her culture and femininity in her art. Her artwork provokes visual conversations.
Haynes as a member of the Globetrotters in 1951
**Marques Haynes** (March 10, 1926 – May 22, 2015) was an American professional basketball player. He was a member of the Harlem Globetrotters. He is known for his ability to dribble the ball and keep it away from defenders. According to the movie *Harlem Globetrotters: Six Decades of Magic*, Haynes could dribble the ball as many as six times a second.

Early playing days
------------------

Haynes learned to dribble the basketball from his sisters. His skills may have been helped by handling the ball on the dirt courts of his hometown. A native of Sand Springs, Oklahoma, he played basketball for Langston University from 1942-1946. While at Langston, he once dribbled out the clock in a conference tournament game to taunt an opponent, Southern University. Southern had just run up the score against a weaker team (Sam Huston College, later Huston-Tillotson University). The Sam Huston team was coached by a young Jackie Robinson. Haynes' own coach, the famous Zip Gayles, punished him for the taunting, but it helped draw the attention of the Globetrotters. They were always on the search for trick ballhandlers. Langston was invited to play an exhibition game against the Globetrotters in Oklahoma City. In that game, Haynes led Langston to a 4-point win. He was immediately invited to join the Globetrotters. He returned to Langston to complete his degree. Then he began his long professional career.

Playing with the Harlem Globetrotters
-------------------------------------

Haynes played with the Globetrotters from 1947-1953. Upon leaving in 1953, he turned down a $35,000 a year offer from the Philadelphia Warriors that would have made him the second-highest paid player in the NBA. Instead, he started his own barnstorming team, the Harlem Magicians. Boxing legend Sugar Ray Robinson sometimes played games with this team. Haynes later rejoined the Globetrotters as a player/coach. He also played for the Harlem Wizards.

Retirement
----------

He retired in 1992 after a 46-year professional career, and was inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame on October 2 1998. He lived in Dallas, Texas. Haynes died on May 22, 2015, in Plano, Texas, aged 89.

Legacy
------

Many consider him the top ballhandler who ever lived. His game influenced players such as Bob Cousy, Pete Maravich, and Fred "Curly" Neal. It is possible that Haynes has played more professional basketball games than anyone in history, staying active well into his sixties.

Other websites
--------------

* "Basketball Hall of Fame: Marques Haynes". Archived from the original on 2008-02-20. Retrieved 2010-04-06.
**Delaware State University** (also called **DSU**, **DESU**, or **Del State**) is a public university in Dover, Delaware. It is a historically black university. That means that it was started to teach African American students.

DSU has campuses in Wilmington, Delaware and Georgetown, Delaware. It has six colleges. It has about 4,500 students, both undergraduate and postgraduate. DSU is the second-largest university in the state (after the University of Delaware).

History
-------

The school started on May 15, 1891 as the State College for Colored Students. It first gave degrees in 1898. In 1944, it received provisional accreditation. Three years later, it became Delaware State College. The school lost its accreditation in 1949, but got it back in 1957. On July 1, 1993, the school's name changed to Delaware State University.

Campus
------

The main campus in Dover covers 400 acres (1.6 km2). It has thirty buildings. There are seven buildings where students live, four for women and three for men. There are also three apartment-style buildings where upperclassmen live. There are two dining halls.

The university has several research computer laboratories. Almost every building has a computer lab. Every student has their own port for internet access, their own phone, and a campus email address. There is cable television access in all residence hall rooms. Most campus buildings also have wireless connectivity.

DSU owns two farms near Kenton and Smyrna. It has an Airway Science Program based at Delaware Air Park in Cheswold.
Awty International School
**The Awty International School** is a private school in Houston, Texas. It is for pre-kindergarten through 12th grade. It is the largest international school in the United States.

School history
--------------

Awty was founded in 1956 as pre-school by Kathleen Awty. Adding High School, in 1975, the complex changed Awty into College preparatory school. They then united with French School of Houston and became Awty International School, as it is today, in 1984. Enrollment increased from 600 to 1,475 during last 15 years. In 1990 there was pre-school building added, in 1991 new high school building, in 1995 pre-school classrooms were added. Finally, in 2009, Awty opened athletic stadium with a soccer field, track, and tennis courts.

Awty today
----------

Awty is made of a big French Section and huge International Section. It is an accredited international and largest private school in US. It's licensed by ISAS and CIS, and also it is member of NAIS.

### Faculty and Students

School faculty comes from about 30 different countries and they are native speakers of languages from these countries.

Students are 40% American, 30% French and 30% from many other countries around the world.

Graduates attend universities in the US, Canada, Latin America, Australia, the Middle East, Asia and Europe.

### Location and Campus

The school is located on a 15-acre (61,000 m2) campus in central Houston. It includes 300 classrooms, 6 science laboratories, 3 art rooms, 4 computer laboratories, 3 libraries, 2 lunch rooms, 2 covered basketball/volleyball courts, an athletics center, 2 soccer fields and 2 gymnasiums.

### Vision and Mission

Awty's Vision is to inspire and educate students, so they could think outside the box, with help of unigque school spirit and welcoming campus.

The Awty International School provides a challenging education, leading to either the International Baccalaureate or the French Baccalauréat.
Within a friendly and nurturing environment, which encourages learning and the pursuit of excellence, Awty celebrates linguistic, cultural and international diversity and seeks to maximize the potential in all of our students as they grow to become responsible world citizens.

### Sports and arts

The school is member of TAPPS, they play basketball, perform in music contests or win in soccer. A lot of Awty's musicians are in TAPPS Area or Region band.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Awty International School***.

* Awty International School official site
* Architectural information on the renovation of Awty's lower school Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
Red poppies
A **poppy** is a flowering plant in the subfamily Paperveroideae.

The name is used especially for the bright red flowers which are common in this group. They are symbolic, and used to remember the Armistice Day of World War I, now known as Remembrance Day. Now it is celebrated in the Commonwealth for those who died in all wars.

Some types can be grown and used to make the drug opium. Ancient Egyptian doctors had their patients eat seeds from a poppy to relieve pain. Poppy seeds contain small quantities of both morphine and codeine. These are pain-relieving drugs that are still used today. The morphine practically disappears from the seeds twenty days after the flower has opened, so from then on poppy seeds and their oils are not narcotic.
There are a number of showy flowers, typically one per stem, in to the poppy family. They include a number of attractive wildflower species with showy flowers growing singularly or in large groups. Many species are grown in gardens. These include large plants used in a mixed herbaceous border and small plants that are grown in rock or alpine gardens.

The flower color of poppy species include: white, pink, yellow, orange, red and blue. Some have dark center markings. The cultivated species include many other colors ranging from dark solid colors to soft pastel shades. Before blooming, the petals are crumpled in bud, and as blooming finishes, the petals often lie flat before falling away.

The pollen of the oriental poppy, *Papaver orientale*, is dark blue. The pollen of the field poppy or corn poppy (*Papaver rhoeas*) is dark blue to grey. Bees use poppies for their pollen.

The opium poppy, *Papaver somniferum*, is grown for opium, opiates or seeds to be used in cooking and baking.

Gallery
-------

* Bhutan's national flowerBhutan's national flower
* Close-up of an Oriental poppy (Papaver orientale).Close-up of an Oriental poppy (Papaver orientale).
* Immature crowning Opium Poppy, top view.Immature crowning Opium Poppy, top view.
* A poppy bud opening.A poppy bud opening.
* Papaver somniferum seeds.*Papaver somniferum* seeds.
* Field of poppies.Field of poppies.

Related pages
-------------

* Morphine
* Heroin
45°04′50″N 7°41′33″E﻿ / ﻿45.0805934°N 7.6924621°E﻿ / 45.0805934; 7.6924621

**Luigi Lavazza S.p.A.** (Italian pronunciation: [laˈvattsa]) is an Italian manufacturer of coffee products. Founded in Turin in 1895 by Luigi Lavazza, it was initially run from a small grocery store at Via San Tommaso 10. The business of Lavazza S.p.A. is currently administered by the third and fourth generations of the Lavazza family.

Coffee
------

Lavazza imports coffee from around the world, including Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras, Uganda, Indonesia, United States and Mexico. Sustainable production concerns have led the company to develop the ¡Tierra! project, a sustainable agriculture program in Honduras, Colombia and Peru, that seeks to improve the quality of coffee as well as the environmental and working conditions of those communities.

Sponsorship
-----------

Lavazza became a sponsor of Liverpool F.C. in 2018, and the Williams Racing team in the 2020 Formula One season. Also through the agreement reached in September 2020, Lavazza became the official coffee brand used by Juventus F.C.

Calendar
--------

Since 1991, Lavazza has produced the "Lavazza Calendar", featuring fashion photography from some of the world's leading photographers. The calendar is not available for purchase. Contributors have included Annie Leibovitz in 2009, David LaChapelle in 2002, Helmut Newton in 1993 and 1994, Ellen Von Unwerth in 1995, Eugenio Recuenco in 2007, Erwin Olaf in 2005, and Platon in 2018. The calendar has become a showpiece of conceptual fashion photography.
**Oppositional defiant disorder** is a mental disorder. It causes irritable and angry behaviour for at least 6 months. This behavior is noticeable in communication with other people. Most people with ODD do not usually get aggressive towards other people or animals, steal, or cause destruction. This is different from people with conduct disorder. But people with ODD do argue, and they often deliberately cause trouble.

Symptoms
--------

To be diagnosed with ODD, the person must have a behavior pattern for at least six months. At least four of these eight symptoms must be there in that time:

* Often argues with adults
* Goes against adults' requests and rules
* Deliberately annoys other people
* Blames other people for things they themselves have done wrong
* Angry and resentful of other people
* Spiteful/seeks revenge
* Gets annoyed easily

About 10.2% of people have or have had ODD (11.2% of males and 9.2% of females). In many cases this condition worsens into conduct disorder, which often worsens into antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). This is more likely in boys than girls, and more likely if the person also has ADHD. ODD typically begins in childhood. It is the most common mental disorder in children. It is unusual in adults, because the affected person usually either recovers or develops Antisocial personality disorder

ODD is more common in family members of people who have ODD, CD or ASPD. It is more common in poor urban areas. 

Most people who have ODD also have other mental disorders, most often ADHD. Many children who have ODD have problems with alcohol and drugs in their adolescence and adulthood.
The **Asociación PuntuLLI** (dot LLI) is an association that promotes the creation of a Top Level Domain for the Leonese Language and Culture.

Similar campaigns started in Scotland (dot SCO), Wales (dot CYM), Berlin (dot Berlin) or New York (dot New York).

PuntuLLI is recognised by cityTLD as a Top Level Domain official initiative.

Origins
-------

The campaign for reaching a .lli domain started on January 2007 looking for the support of associations and institutions. Between the organizations that support this requirement to the ICANN there are associations about culture, language, sport or nature.

Objectives
----------

This association promotes the creation of a .lli domain in Internet, according to the ICANN policy of giving Top Level Domains for the languages and cultures. In this sense, puntuLLI promotes a Leonese language and cultural domain.

Activities
----------

In 2008 PuntuLLI have collaborated with other initiatives for promoting the Leonese language like an sponsor, specially the Armwrestling World Championship, developed in Llión, the Leonese Country Pipe Bands Championship. 
Leonese City Council selected puntuLLI as official developer of the Internet activities in the III Leonese Language Day.

Supports
--------

There are more than 800 people added and 44 organisations that support the campaign, via web, for reaching a Top Level Domain for Leonese language and culture webs.

Similar campaigns
-----------------

Actually there are campaigns for reaching TLDs for languages and cultures in Scotland, Wales, Brittany, Galicia, Basque Country, England, Quebec and Cornwall.

Similar campaigns, requesting a TLD for cities, are developed in Berlin, London, New York and Paris.

Related pages
-------------

* Leonese language
* Kingdom of León
* ICANN
* Top Level Domain

Sources
-------

* Pardo, Abel "El Llïonés y las Tics". Mikroglottika Year Book 2008. Peter Lang. Frankfurt am Main. 2008.  Archived 2009-09-20 at the Wayback Machine
* Diario de León: "La Plataforma puntuLLI registra ya 6.000 visitas y más de 400 apoyos". January 31, 2007[*permanent dead link*] (in Spanish)

Other websites
--------------

* puntuLLI Association in Leonese language, English, Italian, Catalan and many other languages
Hiking in Argentina.
Hiking in China.
**Hiking** is a general word for traveling on foot in wilderness or countryside. Day hikers return before nightfall. Other hikers may go out for many days. Sometimes large groups hike together. 

Hiking is a kind of physical activity as well as a leisure activity (a way of spending free time). Hikers (the people who do hiking) enjoy fresh air and the beauty of nature, and learn about the place. Many hikers enjoy challenging their physical and mental strength. Hiking with friends gives them the chance to become stronger.

Preparation
-----------

**Planning** starts with a hiker deciding what he wants from the hike. A traveler should examine the information on landscape, climate, weather, plants, animals, type of ground, and so on. Based on that information, a hiker decides what equipment (tools) he needs. Writing everything on paper is strongly suggested to not forget anything. A hiker should choose the itinerary (the way of the hike).

**Equipping** means getting specialized clothing and equipment. Overnight hiking requires carrying more supplies, usually in a backpack, though many use a backpack even for a day hike. Suggestions for equipment can be found in any hiking book. A hiker is suggested to learn more than one source and work. Equipping sometimes needs getting skills in using the apparatus. Basic skills–different ways of orientation (the ability to find the way, for example)–must be developed before hiking.

Safety
------

Hiking can quickly become a fight for life. Hikers can get lost or suffer from injury, sickness, bad weather, or other dangers. For this reason everything in hiking is very important. Nobody should hike alone, no matter what the situation, without a great deal of experience to develop his hiking abilities.

Every hiker should keep in mind that theory is important, but it can hardly replace firsthand experience. To be safe a traveler should have enough experience. A hiker had better start by taking short hikes with more experienced hikers.

Finding the way
---------------

Getting lost can have bad results including sickness and death. A hiker is strongly suggested to check from time to time (at least every hour) whether he is going the right way. Portable GPS receivers can help, as long as the batteries are good. Accurate, complete maps and a compass can help, if the user understands them. On no account should he go on traveling if he has lost his way. The first thing a hiker should do is find the direction in which he was going before getting lost. Using the compass and the map, he should choose a reference point nearby (railway, road, river, etc.).
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