recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
The **Brown tree snake** (*Boiga irregularis*) is an arboreal colubrid snake the lives in parts of coastal Australia, Papua New Guinea, and islands in northwestern Melanesia.

This snake is known for being an invasive species, responsible for killing the bird population on Guam.

Diet
----

The Brown tree snake eats birds, lizards, and bats. It also eats small rodents in its home. It also eats birds and shrews at Guam.

Due to the amount of prey and lack of predators in habitats such as Guam, they have been known to grow to larger sizes than their normal 1 to 2 meters in length. The longest recorded length of this species is one found on Guam was three meters.

Reproduction
------------

Reproduction has not been looked at in detail. The female makes 4-12 eggs, 42–47 mm long and 18–22 mm wide with a leathery shell. Females make up to two groups, called clutches per year depending on season, climate. and amount of prey. The female places the eggs in hollow logs, rock cracks, and other places where they are likely protected from drying and high temperatures.

Venom
-----

The Brown tree snake is a nocturnal snake that can be very aggressive when confronted. The fangs are grooved rather than hollow fangs, the poison is hard to place into a bite on a human, in this way, is only given in small amount. The venom appears to be weakly neurotoxic and possibly cytotoxic. Adults are not affectly in a great way, however, children are in greater danger.

Brown tree snake on a fence post
A Bogotá bag covering the abdominal organs in a decompression laparotomy for abdominal compartment syndrome in a burn patient. The incision is left open and the abdominal organs are covered until the pressure within the abdomen is reduced.
A **Bogotá bag** is a sterile plastic bag used to temporarily close incisions in the abdomen. It is generally a sterilized, 3 liter urological irrigation fluid bag, that is sewn to the skin or fascia of the anterior abdominal wall. It is called a 'Bogotá bag' because it was first used by Oswaldo Borraez, a doctor in Bogotá, Colombia.

Temporary abdominal closure techniques are used to postpone definite closure until predisposing factors causing pathologic elevation of intra abdominal pressure are resolved. These techniques include the Bogota bag, absorbable mesh, vacuum pack dressings, the Wittmann patch or velcro burr and the KCI VAC or Abthera dressings.

Temporary abdominal closure techniques are most commonly used in cases of abdominal compartment syndrome in which decompressive laparotomy is necessary to reduce intra abdominal pressure to restore system perfusion. 

The Bogota bag acts as a hermetic barrier that avoids evisceration and loss of fluids. Another advantage to the Bogota bag, is that the abdominal contents can be visually inspected. 

The bogota bag can be used in cases of 'burst abdomen' following laparotomies, especially those using a midline horizontal incision. Burst abdomen is usually characterized by a serosanguinous pink discharge from the wound, 6–8 days after surgery
Ruins in Panticapaeum, modern Kerch, the capital of the Bosporan Kingdom.
The **Bosporan Kingdom** (often called Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus) was an ancient empire, covering the Crimea and a lot of the north coast of the Black Sea. It is regarded as the first 'Hellenistic' country to speak Greek.

Overview
--------

The Bosporan Kingdom was the longest surviving known Roman client kingdom (allied state). It was a Roman Province between 63 and 68, under Roman Emperor Nero. In the 1st century and 2nd century AD was a period of a new 'golden age' of the Bosporan Kingdom when it was famous for its jewellery. In the end of the 2nd century the King Sauromates II inflicted a critical defeat to the Scythians (a nomadic tribe) and included all the territories of the Crimea in the structure of his state.

The Bosporan Kingdom became rich from selling wheat, fish and slaves to rest of Europe. This means that there are a lot of amazing and very rich finds from the Kingdom, especially found in burial barrows (known as kurgans). Today, there are lots of architectural and sculptural remains from the Bosporan Kingdoms and many finds can be seen in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia. These include gold work and vases imported from Ancient Athens and the rest of Ancient Greece.

It was finally destroyed by the Goths (barbarian tribes) at the end of the 4th century AD
**Bensheim** is a city in Hesse, Germany. It is at the edge of the Odenwald and near to the river Rhine. It had 39,642 inhabitants in 2005 and is the biggest city of the Bergstraße district.

Industry
--------

Economically it is in an area where wine grapes are grown. Many small businesses in the areas such as electronics, software development or services can be found.

The city has also factories/offices of Sirona Archived 2008-11-21 at the Wayback Machine former known as Siemens, Tyco International, Akzo Nobel Archived 2008-02-18 at the Wayback Machine, Suzuki and SAP SI Archived 2019-06-29 at the Wayback Machine.

Bensheim-Auerbach - Fürstenlager State Park
-------------------------------------------

The "Fürstenlager" near Bensheim-Auerbach are simple buildings built like a village around the Good Well in the middle of a landscaped park. Its owners sought the peace of a rural idyll far removed from the court.

Neighbouring communities and areas
----------------------------------

To the West, Bensheim borders Lorsch and Einhausen; to the North Zwingenberg; to the East Lautertal; and to the South Heppenheim.

It is also known for its good traffic connections to other nearby cities. In the North Darmstadt and Frankfurt am Main; in the East Worms; and in the South Heidelberg, Mannheim and Ludwigshafen are all within an hour's drive.

* Auerbach CastleAuerbach Castle
* St. GeorgSt. Georg
* Walderdorffer HofWalderdorffer Hof
* Wambolter HofWambolter Hof

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Bensheim at Wikimedia Commons

* www.bensheim.de
* Fürstenlager Auerbach Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
* NITYA SEVA
Benoît de Maillet, from "*Description de l'Égypte*" Paris, 1735
**Benoît de Maillet** (Saint-Mihiel, 12 April 1656 – Marseille, 30 January 1738) was a well-travelled French diplomat and naturalist. 

He was French consul general at Cairo, and overseer in the Levant. He formulated an evolutionary hypothesis to explain the Earth and its contents. 

Maillet's geological observations convinced him that the Earth could not have been created in an instant because the features of the crust indicate a slow development by natural processes. He also believed that creatures on the land were ultimately derived from creatures living in the seas. He believed in the natural origin of man.

Age of the Earth
----------------

Maillet made the first reasonable estimate of the Earth's age based on evidence. He thought the Earth must have developed by slow, natural forces. He studied geology in the field. He could see signs of erosion on land and sedimentation in the sea.

He hid his ideas under the guise of a talk with an Indian philosopher, to avoid conflict with the Catholic Church. His work stayed in manuscript until after his death, when it was published after its editor had made changes which damaged it. Now there is a better modern edition based on the manuscripts.

Maillet estimated that the Earth was older than two billion years. He also recognized the true nature of fossils, and had early ideas about evolution.
**Murray Albert Olmstead** (September 4, 1926 – November 16, 2015) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger. He played for the Montreal Canadiens, Chicago Black Hawks and Toronto Maple Leafs in the National Hockey League (NHL).

Early life
----------

Olmstead was born in a small town called Sceptre in Saskatchewan on September 4, 1926. in 1944, when he was 18, he moved to Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, to play junior hockey.

Career
------

Olmstead began his career with the Black Hawks in 1949. In December 1950, he was traded to the Montreal Canadiens via Detroit. Olmstead had his best statistical years playing for Montreal, leading the league in assists in 1954–55 with 48, and setting a league record for assists with 56 the following season. Olmstead was claimed in an Intra-League Draft by Toronto Maple Leafs in 1958, and played there until his retirement in 1962. 

In the 1967–68 season, Olmstead served as coach of the expansion Oakland Seals. Olmstead played in the Stanley Cup final in 11 of his 14 seasons in the NHL, winning it five times. He won it four times with Montreal, in 1953, and from 1956 to 1958, and once with Toronto, in 1962, which was his last season. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1985.

Death
-----

Olmstead died at his home in High River, Alberta on November 16, 2015, due to complications after suffering a stroke. aged 89.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Bert Olmstead at Wikimedia Commons
**Bernhard Carl "Bert" Trautmann**, OBE (22 October 1923 – 19 July 2013) was a German footballer. He played from 1949 to 1964 for Manchester City as the keeper. Trautmann was in Germany almost unknown, and never played in the national team of his country. But in Manchester, he was one of the most popular players.

Early life
----------

Bert Trautmann was born on 22 October 1923. He began playing football at age 10, when he was 18 he had to go to do his military service for the German Nazi-Regime. The paratrooper was first imprisoned by the Soviet, later by the British army. He did not leave Britain after his release, and became a professional football player.

Career
------

After some time he joined Manchester City. At first, the fans hated the "Nazi boy", but they soon accepted him. He was a leading goalkeeper for ten years in the English first division (which was then the top division). In the 1956 FA Cup final, it the 75th minute, Trautmann was hit by a Birmingham City player. The crash broke his neck, but Trautmann finished the game. It was often called a medical miracle that Trautmann did not die on that day.

Personal life
-------------

Just a few days Trautmann's medical miracle, his five years old son died in a car crash. In 1950 he had married for the first time, and in 1990 he married again. In 2004 he was honored by Queen Elizabeth II.

### Death

Trautmann died on 19 July 2013 from probable heart failure after suffering two previous heart attacks. He was 89 years old.

Other websites
--------------

* The Trautmann Foundation Archived 2013-07-18 at the Wayback Machine
* Bert Trautmann, video clip of FA cup Final 1956: BBC Motion Gallery Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
* English Football Hall of Fame profile Archived 2007-11-15 at the Wayback Machine
* Bert Trautmann in the Museum of Goalkeeping Archived 2008-06-10 at the Wayback Machine
* Bert Trautmann @ Goalkeeping Greats Archived 2009-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
Fabrique Nationale Browning Hi-Power
The **Browning Hi-Power** is a semi-automatic pistol first made by John Browning, then finished by FN Herstal (a Belgian gun company) in 1935 after Browning's death. There are 9x19mm Parabellum models and .40 S&W models of the gun. Although the gun was largely based on the M1911, there were several major changes made. Since it was finished outside the United States and since it fired the non-American 9mm bullet, the Hi-Power was not used very much in the US. However, it was very popular outside the US. In fact, it was one of the most used military pistols ever. As of 2017, it was still being used or was only recently replaced in over 50 countries.

The Browning Hi-Power has many other names such as the **HP**, **BAP**, **BHP**, **GP**, **P-35**, and **HP-35**. It was called the "Hi-Power" because it could hold a large number of bullets. It could hold 13 9mm bullets when other pistols at the time held far fewer. For example, the Luger only held 8 bullets and the M1911 only held 7.
**Bronze** is a metal alloy. Bronze is mostly copper, with some tin added (usually between 5% and 20% tin) to make it stronger. The most common alloy is just made of copper and tin. Some bronzes add other metals. 

Other bronzes are:

* Aluminum bronze, which uses aluminum instead of tin.
* Leaded bronze
* Silicon bronze
* Phosphor bronze, which has both tin and phosphorus added to the copper.

Bronze should not be confused with brass which is a different alloy of copper and zinc.

History.
--------

Bronze was the first alloy that was used by humans. The first nation that used bronze was Egypt about 3500 years B.C. This gave the name for the Bronze Age.

Bronze is stronger than copper or tin alone. Bronze lasts longer than copper. Pure copper can be oxidized by air and also by water. When copper is oxidized by air or water, it turns green (the color of "copper oxide"), and falls apart.

When people learned how to make and work iron, the Bronze Age ended, and the Iron Age started. Iron can be made harder than bronze, but is susceptible to corrosion (see rust). Iron also wears away faster than bronze, when different pieces are moving against each other. Iron is very common, and easy to make. For this reason, iron costs less than bronze. This is the reason why iron is now used where bronze used to be used.

Current use
-----------

Bronze is still used to make many parts of machines. We use bronze when the part must last for a long time around water and air, or must not wear away. The main things that are made out of it are pump parts, bearings, bells, electrical components, gears, valves, and other things.

Bronze parts are usually cast in a foundry. After they are cast, bronze parts can also be worked in a lathe or milling machine, or drilled. Bronze is not normally worked with a hammer as iron is.

Pictures
--------

* Piece of bronzePiece of bronze
* Part of a bronze portrait of Marcus AureliusPart of a bronze portrait of Marcus Aurelius


The Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for:

 ***bronze***.
**Camel wrestling** (Turkish: *deve güreşi*) is a sport that is common in the Aegean Sea region of Turkey. In the sport, two male Tülü camels wrestle each other. This is normally caused by a female camel in heat being put where they can see her. The sport is also held in other parts of the Middle East and South Asia.

A Tülü is a hybrid of Bactrian camel and dromedary. Camel wrestling in Turkey is hold by the Yörüks.

History
-------

Camel fighting was started by ancient Turkic tribes over 1000 years ago. Camels also wrestle in the wild. This has been happening since before nomads began doing it. In the 1920s, the Turkish National Aviation league had held camel fights to get money to buy airplanes for the Turkish government. The government tried to stop them from doing this in the 1920s. They said that it as too backwards of a practice. In the 1980s, the new government of Turkey began supporting it as part of the historic culture of Turkey.

Event details
-------------

Because of the need of a nearby female camel, the events are normally held during mating season. The camels use their necks to try to make the other camel fall down. A camel wins if the other camel falls to the ground or runs from the fight. Most fighting camels are bred in either Iran or Afghanistan. A good fighting camel can be sold for over $20,000.

The events can be dangerous to the people watching them if the camels try to run away through the crowd.

There are about thirty festivals in Aegean Turkey each year. They take place from November to March. Events always take place on Sundays in football stadiums. At the end of the season, a tournament is held in which the best camels compete. Many tourists go to the events. They are a large part of tourist industry in Western Anatolia.

Several animal rights organizations say that camel wresting is cruelty to animals.

Other websites
--------------

* Camel wrestling photos at Shutterstock
**Camelids** are a group of even-toed ungulate mammals. They form the family **Camelidae**. There are six living species of camelids.

Camelus dromedarius, young animal

Taxonomy
--------

* **Camelidae**
	+ Genus *Lama*
		- Llama, *Lama glama*
		- Guanaco, *Lama guanicoe*
	+ Genus: *Vicugna*
		- Vicuña, *Vicugna vicugna*
		- Alpaca, *Vicugna pacos*, formerly *Lama pacos*
	+ Genus *Camelus*
		- Dromedary, *Camelus dromedarius*
		- Bactrian Camel, *Camelus bactrianus*

The animals of the genus *Camelus* are also called *Afro-Asiatic Camelids*. The animals of the genus *Lama* and genus *Vicugna* are also called *South American Camelids*. 

### Hybrid

There also exists a camelid hybrid called a *Cama*. It is the child of a female Llama and a male Dromedary Camel. The Cama does not exist in nature, but is "made" by humans through artificial insemination (that means the sperm is artificially put into the female).

Habitat
-------

The two *Camelus* species originally lived in northern Africa, south-west and eastern Asia. The other four camelids lived in South America.

Camelids and humans
-------------------

Camelids have been domesticated by humans for about 5000 years. They have been important for transport, but were also kept for wool, meat and milk. The llama and alpaca were very important for the South American cultures, like the Inca. The camels were used by people in north Africa and Asia, especially in deserts.

  



Wikispecies has information on: ***Camelidae***.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Camelidae***.
The **Avro Vulcan** (also **Avro 698 Vulcan**) is a delta wing bomber aircraft. It was part of the RAF V bombers which were used by the Royal Air Force as a nuclear deterrent during the Cold War. The other aircraft in the V bombers were the Vickers and Valiant. The Vulcan was also used for long-distance bombing runs during the Falklands War.

Development
-----------

In 1947, the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence said it needed a bomber aircraft that could fly a long way and very high. It also needed to carry a lot of bombs. The prototype Vulcan flew in 1948. It crashed in 1949, but development carried on. Over 100 aircraft were built between 1956 and 1965.

Use
---

The crew of the Vulcan was made up of five people – two pilots, two navigators and one electronics officer. The Vulcan was originally used as part of the United Kingdom's nuclear deterrent. It carried the United Kingdom's first nuclear weapon, called *Blue Danube*.

The Vulcan was also used sometimes for reconnaissance. It was retired from the Royal Air Force in 1984.

Technical data (Vulcan B Mk.2)
------------------------------

| Data | Units |
| --- | --- |
| Years of production | 1956-1965 |
| Manufacturer | Avro |
| Wingspan | 33,80 m |
| Length | 30,40 m |
| Hight | 8,20 m |
| Wing area | 368,20 m² |
| Weight (empty) | - kg |
| Max takeoff weight | 113.398 kg |
| Passangers | - |
| Crew | 5 |
| Speed | 1038 km/h |
| Service ceiling | 19.810 m |
| Range | 7.400 km |
| Powerplants | 4\*Rolls-Royce Olympus 301 turbine |

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Avro Vulcan***.

* Vulcan To The Sky
Balliol College
**Balliol College** is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford in England. It was founded in 1263 by John Balliol, father of King John Balliol of Scotland. 

Usually, the undergraduate students are among the most politically active students in the university. The college's alumni include Boris Johnson, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and several former prime ministers. Adam Smith, a graduate student of the college, is one of its best known students. In 2006, 45.1% of finalists got First Class Honours degrees. This is a higher percentage than any other Oxford college has ever had. The college was placed second in the Norrington Table.

Other websites
--------------

* Official website Archived 2008-12-19 at the Wayback Machine

| * v
* t
* e
**Colleges of the University of Oxford** |
| --- |
| All Souls • Balliol • Brasenose • Christ Church • Corpus Christi • Exeter • Green Templeton • Harris Manchester • Hertford • Jesus • Keble • Kellogg • Lady Margaret Hall • Linacre • Lincoln • Magdalen • Mansfield • Merton • New College • Nuffield • Oriel • Pembroke • Queen's • St Anne's • St Antony's • St Catherine's • St Cross • St Edmund Hall • St Hilda's • St Hugh's • St John's • St Peter's • Somerville • Trinity • University • Wadham • Wolfson • Worcester |  |
**Azerbaijani wines** are wines made in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan is one of the oldest wine-making regions in the world. Azerbaijani wine is made in several areas throughout Azerbaijan.

Azerbaijan has a successful wine industry that dates back to the 2nd millennium BC. Azerbaijan's long history of wine-making was rediscovered at archaeological digs of settlements in Kültəpə, Qarabağlar and Galajig. Archaeologists discovered stone fermentation and storage containers that included remnants and grape seeds dating back to the 2nd millennium BC. The Ancient Greeks were well aware of wine production in the area by at least the 7th century BC according to Herodotus. Later Strabo would comment in the 1st century BC about an Azerbaijani wine known as *Albania*. Arabic historians and geographers described the extensive viticulture around Ganja and Barda that was taking place even after Islamic conquest of the area.

Since the end of the Soviet Union and the independence of Azerbaijan, many attempts have been made to revive and modernize the Azerbaijani wine industry. Today vineyards are found in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains and the Kur-Araz lowlands near the Kura River. In the 21st century, Ganja, Nagorno-Karabakh and Nakhchivan have emerged as centers of wine production in the region.

Related pages
-------------

* Azerbaijani cuisine

Other websites
--------------

* History of Vine growing and wine making Archived 2012-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
* Wine and Wagons. Helenendorf: Azerbaijan's First German Settlement, on German wine-growing community of Azerbaijan, by *Azerbaijan International*
**Bruce Leslie McLaren** (30 August 1937 – 2 June 1970) was a race-car designer, driver, engineer and inventor. he was born on 30 August 1937 Auckland, New Zealand. **Bruce McLaren** was the founder of the company **McLaren**. As a child Bruce **McLaren** was interested in vehicles. While growing up he spent all of his spare time in his parents workshop, around all the vehicles. Over time **Bruce McLaren** developed his interest on vehicles. Bruces parents Les McLaren and Ruth Mclaren owned a service station in Remura Rd, Remura. Les McLaren had been interested in motorcycles and had, had an injury before Bruce was born, which put an end to his motorcycling hobby.

Bruce McLarens races
--------------------

in 1952 young bruce was only 14 and had entered his first race in an Austin 7 Ulster. It was a hillclimb. Two years later he took part in a proper race in a Ford 10.

Death
-----

Bruce McLaren died while testing out one of his cars. The car had no wing causing the car to flip and crash. The engine of the car rammed into Bruce McLaren. The car then went up in flames. All this happened at the Goodwood Circuit.
An Azerbaijani carpet from the Shirvan group made in the mid-19th century.
**Azerbaijani rugs** (Azerbaijani: *Azərbaycan xalçaları*) are carpets made in Azerbaijan, an ancient center of carpet weaving. The Azerbaijani carpet is a traditional handmade textile of many sizes, with dense texture and a smooth or rough surface, whose patterns are characteristic of Azerbaijan's many carpet-making regions. Traditionally, since ancient times the carpets were used in Azerbaijan to cover floors, decorate interior walls, sofas, chairs, beds and tables.

Carpet making is a family tradition transferred orally and through practice, with carpet making and rug making being almost women's job. In the past every young girl had to learn the art of weaving carpets, and the carpets she wove became a part of her dowry. In the case of a newly married son, it was his mother who wove a large rug for his new household. Starting a new carpet meant a feast, but the completion of a rug meant an even greater celebration for the family. In the old days finished carpets were laid out in front of the house so that passers-by with the weight of their feet could make them even tighter than they had already been knotted. For the traditional process of carpet and rug making, men removed the wool from the sheep in the spring and autumn, while women collected dyestuffs and spin and dye yarn in the spring, summer and autumn. Azerbaijani carpets are divided into four large regional groups: Quba-Shirvan, Ganja-Kazakh, Karabakh, and Baku.

In November 2010 the Azerbaijani carpet was made a "Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage" by UNESCO.

Tradition
---------

The rug trade in Ganja, Azerbaijan in the late 19th century.
The rugs have unique patterns with characteristics of Azerbaijan's carpet-making regions. These carpets are used to cover floors, decorate interior walls, sofas, chairs, beds and tables.

Carpet making is a Azeri family tradition, carpet making and rug making is solely a women's occupation. In the past, every young girl had to learn the art of weaving carpets. If a son of a family is newly married, it was his mother who wove a large rug for his new household. Traditionally, men sheared the sheep in the spring and autumn, while women dyed the yarn in the spring, summer and autumn.

Related pages
-------------

* Azerbaijan Carpet Museum

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Rugs and carpets of Azerbaijan at Wikimedia Commons
**Beijing Guoan F.C.** (Chinese: 北京国安; Pinyin: *Běijīng Guó'ān*) is a Chinese professional association football club based in the Chaoyang District of Beijing, China. The club currently plays in the Chinese Super League. Beijing Guoan also plays in the Workers' Stadium (which has a capacity of 66,161 people).

The club was formed professionally on 29 December 1992 as the Beijing Football Club, and they have won many titles since.

Honours
-------

All-time honours list including semi-professional Beijing period.

* **Chinese Super League**

**Winners**: 2009
*Runners Up* (2): 2011, 2014
* **Chinese Jia-A League**

Winners (5): 1957, 1958, 1973, 1982, 1984
* **Chinese FA Cup**

Winners (4): 1985, 1996, 1997, 2003, 2018
* **Chinese FA Super Cup**

Winners (2): 1997, 2003

Other websites
--------------

* Official website (in Chinese)
* Stats on Sohu Archived 2012-05-11 at the Wayback Machine (in Chinese)
* Stats on Sina (in Chinese)
* Beijing Guoan Youth Football Development Archived 2010-01-04 at the Wayback Machine
Bruce Pavitt
**Bruce Pavitt** (born March 7, 1959) is the Chicago-born founder of record label Sub Pop.

History
-------

Pavitt started a fanzine entitled *Subterranean Pop* in Olympia, Washington in 1980, about American independent rock bands. A total of three cassette compilations were released through the fanzine. In 1983 Pavitt moved to Seattle and started a record store, Fallout, as well as write a Sub Pop column for The Rocket, and host an independent-label specialty show on KCMU. The year 1986 saw the release of Sub Pop's (the "-terranean" was dropped earlier from the name) first LP: the *Sub Pop 100*. Green River's *Dry As a Bone* EP followed in 1987.

Pavitt first met Jonathan Poneman in 1986, when Poneman invited Pavitt for an on-air interview on KCMU, to promote Sub Pop 100. In 1987, Kim Thayil of Soundgarden, said that the two should join forces. Pavitt and Thayil had attended Rich East High School in Park Forest, Illinois together in the mid-1970s. Subsequently, Soundgarden's *Screaming Life* EP was released and the grunge phenomenon quickly followed.

In 1996, Bruce Pavitt resigned from Sub Pop to raise a family.

Related pages
-------------

* Sub Pop

Other websites
--------------

* Tripzine Interview
* Interviews Terrence McKenna Archived 2008-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
Ambassador Candice Pitts on September 2, 2022
**Candice Pitts** (born Belize City) is a Belizean diplomat, educator and politician. She is serving as Belize’s ambassador to Republic of China on Taiwan and Japan. She served as a councillor for Belize City from March 2018 to 2021 and PUP standard bearer for the Mesopotamia Constituency since August 2019. Pitts has also served as a professor at the University of Belize and at Albany State University in the United States.

Early life and education
------------------------

Candice Pitts was born in Belize City, Belize. After her primary and secondary education, Pitts studied at St. John’s College Junior College in Belize. Pitts then got her bachelor’s degree from Albany State University. She earned her master’s degree from The Ohio State University and her Ph.D. from Howard University.

Career
------

After graduation from Howard University, Pitts returned to Albany State University. She taught there for three years. After this, she returned to Belize to teach at the University of Belize for three years. Pitts entered politics in 2017 as a candidate for the People’s United Party. The PUP won the Belize City Council elections. Pitts got the most votes. Pitts was a candidate in the 2020 General Elections as the Standard Bearer for the Mesopotamia Constituency. She lost by 150 votes. As of 2022. Pitts is ambassador to R.O.C. Taiwan and Japan.
Joubert in gala
**Brian Joubert** (born September 20, 1984 in Poitiers) is a French figure skater. He won the 2007 World Championships, the 2004, 2007 & 2009 European Championships, and has won the French Nationals seven times. He competed in the 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics.

Joubert did not have a good junior career, but this was due to him going senior at 15, as soon as he was able to.

Joubert won the bronze medal (third place) at the 2002 Nationals, but did not immediately qualify for the 2002 Olympic team because France had only two spots to the Olympics. But at the 2002 European Championships, Joubert won the bronze medal, placing ahead of the other French skaters at the competition, and he was put on the Olympic team. He placed 14th at the Olympics.

Joubert is one of two men (with Emanuel Sandhu) who has beaten Evgeni Plushenko between the 2002 Olympics and the 2006 Olympics. Joubert beat him at the 2004 European Championships. Joubert then went on to place 2nd at Worlds, winning his first World medal.

Joubert has had an up-and-down career. He has switched coaches many times. He was briefly coached by Alexei Yagudin. He is now coached by Jean-Christophe Simond. At the 2005 World Championships, he placed sixth. Nevertheless, he was seen as a threat for an Olympic medal. But at the Olympics, he placed 6th. He was criticized harshly in the French press for this. After the 2006 Worlds, where he won the silver medal, he said he felt pressured to do it in part because of the way the French press had turned on him.

In the 2006/2007 season, Joubert swept the season. He won every competition he entered, including the Grand Prix Final, the European Championships, and the World Championships. At the Cup of Russia, he became one of the few skaters in history to perform three quadruple jumps in one program.

Joubert is known for the power in his skating. He is a very fast skater with very big jumps. He has been criticized in the past for having very bad spins, but he has been working to correct this, working with spinning coaches like Lucinda Ruh. Joubert has also been criticized for his lack of artistry, which has led him to seek out new choreographers, such as Kurt Browning, who are able to take Joubert's strength and force on the ice and work it into a good program for his style.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Brian Joubert***.

* Official Site Archived 2008-05-17 at the Wayback Machine
* Brian Joubert at the International Skating Union

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* ISNI
* VIAF
* WorldCat Identities

 |
| National | 
* France
* BnF data

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**Backpacking** is a form of low-cost and basically independent travel. Backpacker is the term for those who travel by carrying a light backpack for a relatively long period of time.

The cost of backpacking depends on the duration of traveling. No matter how long they are planning to travel, backpackers also need to spend money on eating, sleeping and moving. Backpacking travel type minimizes the cost by choosing cheap accommodation, such as youth hostels. One of the popular ones is Youth Hostels Association (YHA). Many hostels are registered with YHA, and they have common standards. Depending on room types and season, the cost varies from $10 to $60 per night. Sometimes backpackers book accommodations at low rate and stay as a paying guest while on a long journey. Portals like airbnb.com, isearchrentals.com accumulates such kind of paying guest accommodations

Backpackers are highly connected to each other. They get information not only from the internet, but also from a bulletin board of their accommodation, Backpackers. They share their information how to get to the destination wisely and about shops or restaurants on the bulletin board. Some backpackers depend on couch surfing, not spending money on accommodation, visiting local people's houses. There are Backpackers Group in reach region, who plan their trip on regular intervals year around.
**Bert Randolph Sugar** (June 7, 1937 – March 25, 2012) was a boxing writer and sports historian.

Biography
---------

### Career

Sugar also appeared in several movies playing himself, including *Night and the City*, *The Great White Hype* and *Rocky Balboa*. Interviews with Sugar feature in *Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson*. Sugar had been referred to as "Runyonesque" (in reference to Damon Runyon) by Bob Costas, and "one of the foremost historians alive," by the *Boston Globe*. Along with Lou Albano, he helped write *The Complete Idiot's Guide to Pro Wrestling.* He wrote a regular sports column for *Smoke Magazine*.

### Death

A cigar-smoker most of his life, Sugar died from cardiac arrest on March 25, 2012. His family was at his bedside in Northern Westchester Medical Center in Mount Kisco, New York. He had spent his remaining years battling lung cancer.

Other websites
--------------

* Talkin' Boxing with Bert Sugar - Boxing Insider - August 12, 2011 Archived March 14, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
**Boones Creek** is an unincorporated community and neighborhood of Johnson City, in north Washington County, Tennessee. Almost all of Boones Creek has been annexed by Johnson City and has become a neighborhood of Johnson City. Much of it has the postal addresses of Gray, Tennessee. It follows Boone's Creek and other tributaries of Boone Lake. It is a part of the Tri-Cities area.

History
-------

The community was the first permanent European settlement in Tennessee. It was named for the creek that runs through it. The creek is named for pioneer Daniel Boone.

In the center of Boones Creek is a historic marker that tells the origins of the community's name. Daniel Boone was a frontiersman and hunted over large areas of the early frontier lands. On one of these hunting trips, he was chased by the local Indians. He hid under a waterfall on Boones Creek, now called Boone Falls, from Indians to avoid their displeasure at him hunting on their lands. There was also a historic tree nearby. A beech tree once stood with "D Boon cilled a bar on tree in the year 1760" etched on it. This tree was featured in the film "Sergeant York" when Alvin York (WWI hero) was trying to earn money by hunting and selling pelts. A large piece of the tree is now in the Boones Creek Historical Trust Museum and Opry.
The **Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)** is Australia's national census and statistical office. It was first called the Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics, and began on December 8 1905. The Australian Constitution gave the government the power to collect census and statistical information. Since 1975, the person in charge of the ABS has been called the **Australian Statistician**.

The job of the ABS is to help the Australian government make the right decisions based on the right information. The ABS holds a census every 5 years and collects information about every person in Australia. The last census was held on August 8 2006. Results from the 2006 Census are available on the ABS web site.

Year Book Australia
-------------------

Every year the ABS makes a book for Australia, called the *Year Book Australia*. It provides details of the economy and living conditions in Australia.

It also has details about Australia’s geography and climate, government, international relations, defense, education, and the health and welfare systems.

In April 2008, the ABS said it did not have enough money to prepare the 2009 Year Book
Frédéric Chopin's **ballades** are four one-movement pieces for solo piano. He composed them between 1835 and 1842. The four ballades are said to have been inspired by Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz. The exact inspiration for each individual ballade, however, is unclear and not agreed upon.

Ballades were composed before Chopin, in literature and Italian Renaissance music. But, Chopin invented the *ballade* as an abstract musical form. The ballade is a distinct form and cannot be placed into another form (e.g. sonata). After Chopin, other composers such as Franz Liszt and Johannes Brahms also wrote ballades.

The ballades are thought to be the best of Chopin's compositions and of romantic music. The ballades are difficult for pianists to play, even after they learn the technical difficulty of the notes. There are still the creative expressions to be mastered.

All four ballades are from 8 to 12 minutes in length. They are in triple time (three beats to a bar), or in 6/4 or 6/8 time. Each is an individual work and should not be played as a group in a concert. Even Chopin did not do this. He wanted listeners to find their own interpretation of the music. Each piece has its own poetry, drama and story.

Chopin's four ballades are very popular pieces and are often heard in concerts around the world. There have been many recordings made of the ballades by classical pianists.
In quantum mechanics, a branch of physics, the **Bohr model** is the model of the atom proposed by Niels Bohr. Bohr's model is useful only when discussing the behavior of a hydrogen atom. Bohr's model is extremely useful in describing the hydrogen emission spectrum.

Electrons
---------

### Energy Levels

The Bohr model gives the specific energy levels of an electron (n=1,2,3)The Bohr model gives the specific energy levels of an electron (n=1,2,3)
The Bohr model says that the angular momentum of an electron within a hydrogen atom can only be integer multiples of a certain number.

{\displaystyle L=n{\frac {h}{2\pi }}}
Where *h* is Planck's constant, π is pi, and *n* is the multiples (1,2,3,...). This formula says that an electron will only be found on the energy levels predicted by the formula, and not anywhere in between. This means that if an electron jumps from one energy level to the next, it will never be in between energy levels, but will instantaneously be transported from one level to the other.

### Light

Bohr's model is also useful because it explains the cause of light. Bohr agreed with classical theory that light has a wave-particle duality (meaning that it is made of both electromagnetic waves and particles called photons), but he said that light was given off when an electron in a hydrogen atom jumps from a higher energy level to a lower one. Basically, if an electron with *x* amount of energy goes to a lower state of energy and loses *y* energy, then a photon with energy *y* is emitted by the atom and either becomes light or some other form of radiation.

Related pages
-------------

* Quantum mechanics
* Emission spectrum
**C-pop** is short for **Chinese popular music** (simplified Chinese: 中文流行音乐; traditional Chinese: 中文流行音樂). Most of today's C-pop artists are from Hong Kong, Taiwan and mainland China, as well as from other countries where Mandarin or Cantonese languages are used, such as Singapore and Malaysia. However, Taiwanese music has some origins from the Japanese enka so Taiwanese pop is sometimes said to be a different genre from C-Pop.

Cantonese pop
-------------

**Cantonese pop**, or colloquially known as **Cantopop**, is a subgenre of C-pop, sung in Cantonese language. Most Hong Kong-born singers start off as Cantonese pop singers before starting a career as a Mandarin pop singer. Cantonese pop artists include:

* Aaron Kwok
* Andy Lau
* Candy Lo
* CoCo Lee
* Jacky Cheung
* Leon Lai
* Alan Tam
* Leslie Cheung
* Samuel Hui
* Priscilla Chan
* Joseph Koo

### The Four Heavenly Kings

"The Four Heavenly Kings" of Cantonese pop are Leon Lai, Andy Lau, Aaron Kwok and Jacky Cheung.

In the early 1990s, many major Cantonese pop stars (such as Alan Tam, Leslie Cheung, Samuel Hui, Priscilla Chan and Joseph Koo) decided to retire because of the protests in China in 1989. Cantonese pop needed new talent to fill the gaps left by these retired stars, this led to the beginning of "the Four Heavenly Kings" or "四大天王" (*lit.* Four Great Kings of Heaven): Jacky Jeung, Andy Lau, Aaron Kwok and Leon Lai. They were dominating the media in all forms, from magazines, TV, cinema to music.

Mandarin pop
------------

**Mandarin pop** (simplified Chinese: 华语流行音乐; traditional Chinese: 華語流行音樂; pinyin: *Huá Yǔ Liú Xíng Yīn Yuè*) is a subgenre of C-pop. Also known as **Mandopop** and **Mandapop**, Mandarin pop songs are performed in Mandarin. Most Cantonese pop stars also expand their music career into the Mandarin pop scene.

Other websites
--------------

* Chinese Music Blog Archived 2021-02-11 at the Wayback Machine - Chinese music online community providing Chinese music discussion, album review, lyrics translation and romanization for non-Chinese speakers.
* C-Pop Fantasie Archived 2016-01-15 at the Wayback Machine - Online resource for c-pop, providing lyrics, downloads, video shows, and more.
**Leon H. "Bud" Carson** ((1930-04-28)April 28, 1930 – (2005-12-07)December 7, 2005) was an American football coach best known for working with the Pittsburgh Steelers' championship teams of the 1970s.

Player
------

Carson played defensive back for North Carolina from 1949 to 1951, then entered the Marines.

Coach
-----

### Georgia Tech

After he left the Marines, he went into coaching. He worked at Georgia Tech for head coach Bobby Dodd. Carson took over as head coach in 1967. Under Carson, the Yellow Jackets had three 4-6 seasons in a row before going 9-3 and winning the Sun Bowl in 1970. In 1971, Tech finished 6-6 after a Peach Bowl loss. He was fired by Georgia Tech after that season. While at Georgia Tech, he made the "Cover 2" defensive strategy that has been widely used by the NFL.

### NFL

Pittsburgh Steelers head coach Chuck Noll hired Carson as defensive coordinator in 1972. Under Carson, the "Steel Curtain" developed as one of the best defenses in National Football League history. The defense, led by Jack Lambert, Mel Blount, Jack Ham and Mean Joe Greene, gave up fewer points than any other American Football Conference team in Pittsburgh's Super Bowl seasons of 1974 and 1975. In 1976, the team gave up fewer than 10 points a game.

After the 1977 season, Carson took over the defensive-coordinator job with the Los Angeles Rams, who lost to the Steelers in Super Bowl XIV. He later worked as a coach for the Kansas City Chiefs and Baltimore Colts. He then was in charge of the New York Jets' defense from 1985 to 1988. In 1989, he was hired as the head coach of the Cleveland Browns.

Cleveland won the AFC Central Division in 1989 before losing to the Denver Broncos in the conference championship for the third time in four years. Browns owner Art Modell fired Carson halfway through the 1990 season, which ended with a 3-13 record. Carson then worked as a coach for the Philadelphia Eagles and the St. Louis Rams before retiring in 1997.

Family
------

Carson, a long-time smoker, died in 2005 of emphysema. He was married to Linda Carson, an anchorwoman at Sarasota television station WWSB. His daughter Cathi Carson is the sports reporter at two Jacksonville stations in Jacksonville WTEV and WAWS and was formerly a reporter at WWSB. He also had a son, Cliff, and a daughter, Dana, as well as a stepson, Gary Ford.

Further reading
---------------

* Grossi, Tony (2004). *Tales from the Browns Sideline*. (Champaign, Ill.): Sports Publishing LLC. ISBN 1-58261-713-9
* Carroll, Bob, et al. (1999). *Total Football II*. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-270174-6.
Big data is a term used for certain database systems. It is used for a number of technologies which help to organize, gather and analyse data. 

At least some of the following characteristics apply:

* There are huge amounts of data

* The data changes very often

* It is difficult to structure the data so that it can be used easily

Use
---

Big data is used to analyse different subjects. Through the analysis, new information can be gained. Bigger amounts of data make it easier to find reliable information. It is used in many different areas, such as government, health care, insurance, media, advertisement and information technology.

Origin
------

The data is gathered among other things through:

* Surveillance
* the use of credit cards
* Electronic Communication (for example E-mail and smartphones)
* Internet and social media (for example from using Google search or when visiting Facebook)
* Internet of things (objects that can connect to the internet, for example Amazon Alexa)
* governments and public authorities (for example tax data, census data)

Critique
--------

Big data has been criticised for different reasons. One prominent criticism is the increasing surveillance to gather data, which takes place in many new forms. Edward Snowden has revealed how the American National Security Agency (NSA) uses digital technology to spy on people around the world. Another prominent criticisms is data privacy, which is about the risk of sensitive personal data leaking because it is not protected well enough.

A more fundamental critique of big data is just because it is bigger, it is not automatically better. The quality of the data still has to be controlled. It also says that data analysis can only ask "what" is happening, but not "why" it is happening.
A **ballad** is a form of verse. It is often a story set to music. Ballads were popular in British and Irish poetry and music until the 19th century from the late medieval period. It was also used in Americas, Australia and North Africa. Many ballads were written and sold as single sheet broadsides. Poets and composers from the 18th century used this form. In this way, they produced lyrical ballads. In the later 19th century, ballads were slow form of popular love song. The term is now often used as synonymous with any love song, particularly the pop or rock *power ballad*. 

Illustration by Arthur Rackham of the ballad *The Twa Corbies*

Power ballad
------------

To emphasize the emotional aspect of a power ballad, crowds customarily hold up lit lighters.
**Power ballad** is a name given to love songs that were predictably included in heavy metal albums in the 1980s. 

The power ballad was usually slower in tempo and much less aggressive in lyrics than the other music on the album. The songs were often made in a hope of scoring a Top Forty hit, and were particularly associated with bands in the hard metal genre. Examples include Poison's "Every Rose Has Its Thorn" and Bon Jovi's "Wanted Dead Or Alive".