recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Gaius Plinius Secundus** (23 AD – 25 August 79 AD), better known as **Pliny the Elder**, was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and personal friend of the emperor Vespasian.

Spending most of his spare time studying, writing or investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field, he wrote an encyclopedic work, *Natural History* ("Naturalis Historia"), which became a model for many subsequent encyclopedic texts. 

Pliny the Elder died on 25 August 79 AD. He was attempting the rescue by ship of a friend and his family from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. The eruption had just destroyed the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum.

Pliny's *Natural History*
-------------------------

The *Naturalis Historia* is one of the largest works on natural history to have survived from the Roman Empire to the modern day. It claims to cover the entire field of ancient knowledge, based on the best authorities available to Pliny. He claims to be the only Roman ever to have undertaken such a work. It includes the fields of botany, zoology, astronomy, geology and mineralogy as well as the exploitation of those resources. It remains a standard work for the Roman period and the advances in technology and understanding of natural phenomena at the time. 

Some technical advances he discusses are the only sources for those inventions, such as hushing in mining technology or the use of water mills for crushing or grinding grain. Much of what he wrote about has been confirmed by archaeology. It is virtually the only work which describes the work of artists of the time, and is a reference work for the history of art.

The work became a model for all later encyclopedias in the breadth of subject matter examined, the need to reference original authors, and a comprehensive index list of the contents. The work is dedicated to the emperor Titus, son of Pliny's close friend, the emperor Vespasian, in the first year of Titus' reign. It is the only work by Pliny to have survived, and the last that he published, lacking a final revision at his sudden and unexpected death in the AD 79 eruption of Vesuvius.

The *Natural History* consists of 37 books. Pliny devised his own table of contents. The table below is a summary based on modern names for topics.

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| I | Preface and tables of contents, lists of authorities |
| II | Mathematical and physical description of the world |
| III–VI | Geography and ethnography |
| VII | Anthropology and human physiology |
| VIII–XI | Zoology |
| XII–XXVII | Botany, including agriculture, horticulture and pharmacology |
| XXVIII–XXXII | Pharmacology |
| XXXIII–XXXVII | Mining and mineralogy, especially in its application to life and art, including:goldcasting in silverstatuary in bronzepaintingmodelling sculpture in marbleprecious stones and gems |
The Natural History Museum  
The architect was Alfred Waterhouse
The main hall
The **Natural History Museum** (NHM) is a museum in London. It is the largest natural history museum in Britain. It includes the nation's main collections of specimens of life, rocks and minerals. The museum employs scientific staff, conducts research, stores specimens, and manages the public galleries.

The NHM is one of the four large institutions on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, London. The others are the Science Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum and Imperial College London.

History
-------

The NHM was at first a department of the famous British Museum. When the present NHM building was opened in 1881, it was then called the *British Museum (Natural History)* or BMNH. Its head reported to the Director of the British Museum. Not until 1963 did the NHM become fully independent, with its own Board of Trustees, and not until 1992 was it permitted to use its present name.

In 1986, the museum absorbed the adjacent **Geological Museum** of the British Geological Survey, which is to just to the north of the NHM. The museum's galleries were completely rebuilt and relaunched in 1996 as *The Earth Galleries*, with the exhibitions in the Waterhouse building retitled *The Life Galleries*. The Natural History Museum's own Mineralogy displays remain largely unchanged as an example of the 19th-century display techniques of the Waterhouse building.

The newly developed *Darwin Centre* (named after Charles Darwin) is designed as a new home for the museum's collection of tens of millions of preserved specimens, and new work spaces for the museum's scientific staff. Built in two phases, with two new buildings adjacent to the main Waterhouse building, it is the most important new project in the museum's history.

Scientific work
---------------

The museum employs 300 scientific staff, and has huge collections of fossils, rocks and minerals, as well as the preserved specimens of present-day plants and animals. There are over 70 million specimens in the collections. Data bases of the collections are being developed.

Other websites
--------------

* Natural History Museum official site
This article is about the musical group. For the Wikipedia policy, see Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry.

The **Meat Puppets** are an alternative/punk rock group from Scottsdale, Arizona, USA. They were formed in 1980 by Curt Kirkwood (vocals, guitars), his brother Cris (bass) and Derrick Bostrom (drums). The band is probably best known for their 1994 radio hit "Backwater".

The band went on indefinite hiatus in 2001 as Curt formed two band projects Eyes Adrift (with Nirvana bassist Krist Novoselic and Sublime drummer Bud Gaugh) and Volcano (also with Sublime drummer Bud Gaugh). He also released a solo album. His brother Cris was in prison from August 2004 to 21 months.

In 2006, the Meat Puppets reformed and released a new album, *Rise to Your Knees* in 2007.

As of November 2009, Shandon Sahm is back as the drummer in the Meat Puppets. He replaces Ted Marcus, who was a member from 2006.

The band was chosen by Animal Collective to perform their album *Up on the Sun* live at the All Tomorrow's Parties music festival in May 2011.

Shandon Sahm.
Macy's Department in Boise, Idaho
**Macy's** (originally **R. H. Macy & Co.**) is a North American department store chain, originally headquartered in New York until 1994. The company expanded through buyouts of various department stores and companies. Macy's status as an independent company ended in 1992 after filing for bankruptcy. The company was later bought by Cincinnati-based **Federated Department Stores** in 1994. The company moved its headquarters to Cincinnati that year. From 1995-2005 Federated began to fold its less popular chains such as Stern's, Lazarus and many others into Macy's. In 2005 Macy's acquired rival The May Department Stores Company creating the nation's largest department store holding company, with over 800 locations. On September 9, 2006 Macy's became a national brand after Federated retired the former May regional chains. In 2007 Federated announced it would re-brand to Macy's, Inc. as an effort to focus on the Macy's name. As of 2016 Macy's has stores in 45 states.
**Michel Guimond** (December 26, 1953 - January 19, 2015) was a Canadian politician. From 1987 to 1993 he served as a city councillor in Boischatel, Quebec. After this, he ran in the 1993 federal election for the Bloc Québécois.

Career
------

He was elected into the Canadian House of Commons as the member from Beauport—Montmorency—Orléans. He was re-elected in the 1997 and 2000 federal elections (in the riding of Beauport—Montmorency—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île-d'Orléans) and in the 2004 federal election (in the riding of Charlevoix—Montmorency).

In the 2004 and 2008 elections, he won in Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord before being defeated in the 2011 federal election. A lawyer, he has served as the Bloc critic of Parliamentary Affairs, Transport and to the Auditor General.

He then served as whip and deputy whip of the Bloc Québécois, and was also the vice-chair of the Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs.

In the 2014 provincial election, he ran unsuccessfully for the Parti Quebecois to represent the riding of Montmorency.

Death
-----

Guimond died of heart failure on January 19, 2015 in Quebec City, Quebec, aged 61.

Other websites
--------------

* Parliament Webpage Archived 2008-12-10 at the Wayback Machine
putting a patient into an ambulance
A **paramedic** is a health care professional who works for the emergency medical services, usually on an ambulance. They help people who have been injured or become ill very suddenly.

Paramedics can do many different things to decide what the problem is and to treat the patient at the scene. If it is needed, they then take the person to a hospital in the ambulance. They try to prevent the person's illness from getting worse before they reach the hospital, where doctors and nurses will take over care. Paramedics have to work in many different types of emergency, and cannot predict what the next one will be.

People often use the term "paramedic" for anyone who works on an ambulance. However, not all ambulance crew have paramedic as their job title. "Emergency Medical Technicians" or "Emergency Care Assistants" do similar work but have less training. Some ambulances also have doctors and nurses. In many countries, the title of "paramedic" is for those who have taken a specific training course.

Videos
------

* Ambulance (Urgences-Santé) 911 call

Other websites
--------------

* Emergency Health Services of Quebec (in French)
In 1938, Orson Welles produced a radio version of the 1898 book *The War of the Worlds* by H. G. Wells. Wells only produced one episode of the American radio drama anthology series *The Mercury Theatre on the Air*. This episode was produced as the Halloween episode. It was broadcast on Sunday, October 30, 1938. It became famous for allegedly causing mass panic, although the scale of the panic is disputed as the program had relatively few listeners.

The first two-thirds of the one-hour broadcast was presented as a series of simulated news bulletins. The first news update interrupted a program of dance music to report that a series of odd explosions had been spotted on Mars, which was followed soon thereafter by a seemingly unrelated report of an unusual object falling on a farm in Grover's Mill, New Jersey. Martians emerged from the object and attacked using a heat ray during the next interruption, which was followed by a rapid series of news reports describing a devastating alien invasion taking place across the United States and the world. The illusion of realism was increased because the *Mercury Theatre on the Air* was a sustaining show without commercial interruptions, and the first break in the program came almost 30 minutes into the broadcast. Popular legend holds that all of the radio audience may have been listening to Edgar Bergen and tuned in to "The War of the Worlds" during a musical interlude, thereby missing the clear introduction that the show was a drama, but research beginning in the 2010s suggests this only happened in rare instances.In the days following the adaptation, widespread outrage was expressed in the media. The program's news-bulletin format was described as deceptive by some newspapers and public figures, leading to an outcry against the perpetrators of the broadcast and calls for regulation by the Federal Communications Commission. The episode secured Welles' fame as a dramatist.
**Kitab al-Futūh** (Arabic: كتاب أل فتوح, lit. 'Book of Conquests') is an important hadith and akhbari collection, compiled by Sayf ibn Umar. It is al-Tabari's main source for the Ridda wars and the early Muslim conquests. It also contains important information on the structure of early Muslim armies and government.

Currently, a facsimile edition of the fragments preserved in the Al-Imam University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Etymology
---------

The Arabic word *Kitab* (Arabic: كتاب), literally means 'book' or 'revelation'. It is derived from the Semitic root K-T-B (Arabic: ك-ت-ب‎) which is related to writing. The Arabic definite article *al-* usually means 'of' or 'the'. Futuh (Arabic: فتوح) is the plural noun of the Arabic word *Fatah (*Arabic: فتح) which means 'conquest'.

History
-------

Sayf ibn Umar, the compiler of the book, was from Kufa and lived in Baghdad. He traveled throughout Iraq during the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate.

Contents
--------

The book primarily discuss the early Muslim conquests and wars. It also features information about the assassination of the third caliph Uthman. Abdullah ibn Saba and his followers are mentioned in the book as well. The work also contains a brief account, on the authority of Ibn Abbas, of the way in which Paul corrupted Christian doctrines by persuading three of his followers, Yaqūb, Nasṭūr and Malkūn, of the divinity of Īsā (Jesus).

Reliability
-----------

Sayf ibn Umar is considered reliable. W. F. Tucker and Ella Landau-Tasseron note that although Sayf may have been an unscrupulous hadith collector, this should not detract from his general reliability as a transmitter of historical information (akhbārī). Tucker adds that accusations of bias could equally be leveled at other akhbārīs contemporary to Sayf, including the Shi'a historian Abu Mikhnaf. Fuat Sezgin, Albrecht Noth, and Martin Hinds have also challenged Wellhausen's views and placed Sayf on an equal footing with other traditionalists. Linda D. Lau and A. R. Armush also regard Sayf ibn Umar as reliable and accept his accounts and the role of the Saba'iyya at the Battle of the Camel.
The **Vietnamese** are a group of people with their own culture living in Southeast Asia. Most Vietnamese live in the country of Vietnam, although there are many Vietnamese people living in other places. Many Vietnamese people speak Vietnamese.

History
-------

The Vietnamese people could be a mixture of different groups from different parts of Asia.

According to legend, the Vietnamese people are the children of a dragon and a fairy.

Many Vietnamese girls and women were trafficked into China in the 19th century. Chinese pirates in the Tonking Gulf region took Vietnamese women as wives. In the Gulf of Tonkin Vietnamese pirates were defeated in 1409 and 1373 by the Ming Chinese navy and the Ming navy frightened Vietnam from invading Champa in 1403 and defeated Vietnam in 1407 in the Red river delta. Chinese pirate and bandits operated in the highlands of Tonkin in French Indochina.

Religion
--------

Most Vietnamese practice a mixture of Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, and animism.

A minority of Vietnamese are Catholic Christians.

Vietnamese people outside of Vietnam
------------------------------------

There are millions of Vietnamese people living outside of Vietnam. The United States has the number population of Vietnamese outside of Vietnam. Many Vietnamese people left the country after the Vietnam War. They did not want to live in a Communist country.
Jupiter might have shaped the Solar System on its grand tack
The **grand tack hypothesis** proposes that the planet Jupiter formed at 3.5 AU. Then it migrated inward to 1.5 AU, before reversing course. This reversal happened because it captured Saturn in an orbital resonance.

Jupiter eventually stopped near its current orbit at 5.2 AU. Jupiter's planetary migration is known as the grand tack hypothesis.

Jupiter twice crossed the asteroid belt, scattering asteroids outward then inward. The present asteroid belt has a small mass, and a wide range of inclinations and eccentricities. This limited the material available to make Mars. It had long been thought that Mars was too small in comparison to its position in the Solar System. This was based on computer simulations of the early history of the Solar System.

Also, our new discoveries of planets in other star systems shows the Solar System as unusual. It is almost standard in other systems for the largest planet to be much closer to its star.
**Nejib Khattab** (Arabic: نجيب الخطاب)), (May 24 1953 – April 25 1998), was a Tunisian radio and television presenter.

Career
------

He began his career on Tunisian radio and television in the sports field, commenting in particular on the matches of the national team on the occasion of the 1978 Football World Cup.

He enjoyed significant success in the 1980s and 1990s hosting radio shows, including Alwan wa ajwaa and Yaoum said, and producing and hosting Saturday night and Sunday television shows, including *Khamsa ala khamsa*, *Laou samahtom* and *Sahriya al fadhaeya*. Considered the pioneer of direct and variety in Arab televisions, he is the revealer for the Tunisian public of many Arab singers, including Mayada Hennaoui, Assala Nasri, Georges Wassouf, Kadhem Essaher, Mahmoud Yassine, Safia Amri, Sophia Sadek, Najet Attia, Amina Fakhet, Adnane Chaouachi, Lotfi Bouchnak, and many other names which have earned him the title of "star producer".

Orphaned from an early age, he is known for his particular attachment to his mother: he begins each of his programs with his famous phrase "Ma ridha allah ella bi ridha alwalidain", meaning "your parents are your gateway to paradise".

He died of a sudden heart attack the day he was scheduled to host a show that evening. His death surprised the Arab world and the Tunisian cultural family.

On October 23, 2011, the Tunisian Television Establishment launched a program in a new studio which bears its name.

Personal life
-------------

His daughter's name is Ahlem Nejib Khattab is a journalist like his father and his wife's name is Amel.
**Viktor Mikhailovich Kozin** (Russian: Козин, Виктор Михайлович) (born February 22, 1953) is a Russian naval engineer, ship designer and inventor of a new method of icebreaking, called the resonance method of ice destruction. He received his Assistant Professorship in Technical Sciences (Ph.D.) for his work *Mechanics of deformable solids* in Vladivostok in 1994. He became a full Professor in 1996 and was awarded the title Honored Inventor of the Russian Federation in 2000. Since 2008 he is a member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS).

Kozin was awarded a diploma from the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1999) and won grants from the Russian Ministry of Education (2006). He received multiple prizes for his academic and scientific achievements in the theory of watercraft statics and dynamics, design of vessels, hydraulics and hydromechanics, ship and submarine construction. He is the author of two textbooks in naval engineering and 12 works on the methods of education in the area of naval design.

Other websites
--------------

* Telecast "Time, City, People, 2002 ". About Kozin VM STRC "Komsomolsk" Part 1
* Telecast "Time, City, People, 2002 ". About Kozin VM STRC "Komsomolsk" Part 2
**Malena Ernman** (born as **Sara Magdalena Ernman**, November 4, 1970) is a Swedish opera singer (mezzo-soprano). Ernman has performed chansons, cabaret, jazz and appeared in musicals.

Career
------

Malena Ernman is today one of Sweden's most popular opera singers and is is a member of The Royal Swedish Academy of Music. Ernman won Melodifestivalen in 2009 and represented Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Moscow, Russia.

Family
------

Ernman is married to actor Svante Thunberg. They have two children including environmentalist Greta Thunberg. Ernman's father-in-law is actor Olof Thunberg.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Malena Ernman at Wikimedia Commons

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**Carole King** (born February 9, 1942) is an American songwriter, and singer-songwriter. King and her writing partner Gerry Goffin wrote over twenty songs that became chart hits. Many different artists recorded her songs in the 1960s. In 1971 she wrote and recorded the album *Tapestry*. This became very successful. It was at the top of the U.S. album chart for 15 weeks. It is one of the best selling albums of all time.

King was born on Manhattan. She grew up in Brooklyn. She had her first No. 1 hit as a songwriter in 1961, with "Will You Love Me Tomorrow."

In 2000, Joel Whitburn, who writes for *Billboard Magazine*, named her the most successful female songwriter of 1955–99, because she wrote or co-wrote 118 pop hits on the Billboard Hot 100.

King made 25 solo albums. The album that people liked best was *Tapestry*. Her most recent album is *Live at the Troubadour*, which she made with James Taylor. This album was #4 on the charts in its first week, and has sold over 400,000 copies.

She has won four Grammy Awards and was inducted into (joined) the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for her songwriting. In 2009, Carole King was inducted into the *Hit Parade* Hall of Fame. Of all the albums made by women ever, *Tapestry* stayed on the charts for the longest time, and was the best-selling album for the longest time.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Carole King***.

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: ***Carole King***

* www.caroleking.com
* Carole King on IMDb
* Carole King at the Internet Broadway Database

### Articles on Carole King

* Rachel Louis Snyder on Carole King Archived 2010-04-10 at the Wayback Machine, *Salon,* June 19, 1999
* Franck Scheck on Carole King Archived 2005-05-26 at the Wayback Machine, *Hollywood Reporter,* July 15, 2005

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**Enver Hoxha** (16 October 1908 – 11 April 1985) was an Albanian politician who was dictator of Albania. Ideologically a communist, Hoxha served as prime minister of Albania from 1944 until 1954, and First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania from 1941 until his death.

Under his regime, thousands of opponents ("dissidents") were executed, and tens of thousands more were imprisoned in forced labour camps.

Early life and Career
---------------------

Hoxha was born in Gjirokastër, a city in southern Albania (then under the Ottoman Empire) that has been home to many prominent families. He was the son of Halil Hoxha, a Bektashi Tosk cloth merchant who traveled widely across Europe and the United States and Gjylihan (Gjylo) Hoxha. He was raised a member of a wealthy Muslim family of landowners and merchants. He went to the best schools in Albania in the 1920s. He was given one of the few scholarships to a foreign college. In 1931 he attended the University of Montpellier in France. He lost his scholarship in 1934 for poor performance and moved to Paris. During World War II, Hoxha participated in Guerrilla Activities against Germany from 1943 until Albania was Liberated in 1944 by the Soviet Red Army.

In 1944, near the end of the Second World War, he became prime minister of the Democratic Government of Albania, and later, the Socialist Republic of Albania.

Rule (1944 – 1985)
------------------

Enver Hoxha was the leader of Albania during that time, known for his isolationist policies and the creation of a tightly controlled state. His rule was marked by suppression of dissent, strict censorship, and a focus on ideological purity. Albania became one of the most isolated and repressive countries in the world under his leadership.

### Later Years and Death

In his later years, Evner Hoxha faced health issues including heart problems and diabetes. He passed away on April 11, 1985, due to complications from respiratory and cardiac issues.
Harry Nilsson, 1974
**Harry Edward Nilsson III** (June 15, 1941 – January 15, 1994) was an American singer-songwriter. 

Nilsson was born in Bushwick, Brooklyn, New York City. His paternal grandparents were Swedish.

"Without Her" is one of his early hits. This number is nowadays considered one of his standards as Blood, Sweat & Tears did later an jazzy cover on their album. His biggest hits were during the late 1960s and the 1970s. His songs include "Me And My Arrow", "Coconut", "Cuddly Toy", "Spaceman", and "One". "One" was also a hit for the band Three Dog Night. Nilsson's two most famous songs were "Without You" and "Everybody's Talkin'". These songs were written by other people. "Without You" has been re-recorded many times by other singers. It was written by Peter Ham and Tom Evans of Badfinger. "Everybody's Talkin'" was used in the 1969 movie *Midnight Cowboy*. The song was written by Fred Neil.

Nilsson recorded a tribute to The Beatles on his first album. He used lines from fifteen of their songs in one cover version of "You Can't Do That". Derek Taylor, who worked for the Beatles, sent them copies of the album, and Nilsson became a friend of the band. He later shared a house with John Lennon and Ringo Starr. They worked together on each other's music.

Nilsson also wrote a cartoon movie named *The Point!*. It was broadcast on ABC. It was about tolerance and diversity. *The Point!* was later turned into a musical. One production of the musical starred former Monkees Micky Dolenz and Davy Jones. The Monkees had recorded two of Nilsson's songs, "Cuddly Toy" and "Daddy's Song", after they met him through producer Chip Douglas.

Nilsson died of heart failure in Agoura Hills, California.

The movie *You've Got Mail* uses several of Nilsson's songs in its soundtrack.

Other websites
--------------

* A performance of 'Without Her' from the 1971 BBC Television broadcast.
A painting depicting the assassination of Perceval. Perceval is lying on the ground while his killer John Bellingham is being caught by officials (far right)

  

**Spencer Perceval** (1 November 1762 – 11 May 1812) was a British statesman and Prime Minister. He is the only British Prime Minister to have been assassinated.

Perceval was the seventh son of John Perceval, 2nd Earl of Egmont by his second wife. His father, a close friend of Frederick, Prince of Wales and King George III, had served in the Cabinet as First Lord of the Admiralty. 

Perceval was Prime Minister when William Wilberforce passed his Bill (law) ending the slave trade. 

The Orders in Council against trade which Perceval had written in 1807 became unpopular. In the winter of 1811 the Luddite riots started. They were also a cause of the War of 1812 with the United States of America. Perceval was forced to have an inquiry by the House of Commons. 

On 11 May 1812, Perceval was on his way to attend the inquiry. In the lobby of the House of Commons he was shot through the heart by John Bellingham. Perceval's body lay in 10 Downing Street for five days before burial. Bellingham gave himself up immediately. Tried for murder, he was found guilty and hanged a week later. 

Bellingham had a grievance, but it was not political. Bellingham petitioned the United Kingdom government for compensation over his imprisonment in Russia. This had been caused by his employer, but Bellingham blamed the British government for not getting him compensation.

Perceval was an Anglican and considered Anglicanism to be essential to the security of the state. He opposed Catholic emancipation. He is buried at St Luke's Church in Charlton, south-east London.
Bangladesh
In 2015, Islamic extremists killed four bloggers and a publisher in Bangladesh. A report by the Committee to Protect Journalists said Bangladesh was the fourth most deadly country for journalists.

In 2013, a local al-Qaeda group called Ansarullah Bengali Team had a list of 84 names of people it wanted silenced. By 2015, 8 of them were dead: Avajit Roy, Rajeeb Haider, Jafar Munshi, Mamun Hossain, Jagatjyoti Talukder, Arif Hossain Dwip, Ziauddin Zakaria Babu and Wasikur Rahman.

Jafar Munshi ( জাফর মুন্সি ) and Anjali Devi ( অঞ্জলী দেবীর ) were killed for supposed "defamation of religion", such as refusing to enforce hijab on students. Some of the people murdered were supporter of the Shahbag movement (শাহবাগ আন্দোলন ) named for the Shahbag (শাহবাগ) district: Ashraful Alam (আশরাফুল আলম ), Arif Raihan Deep (আরিফ রায়হান দীপ ), Nurul Islam Faruki (নুরুল ইসলাম ফারুকী), Jagat Jyoti Talukder (জগৎজ্যোতি তালুকদার ), and Jakaria Babu (জাকারিয়া বাবু ).

Deaths in 2016
--------------

### March

Nazimuddin Samad, a law student, was hacked and shot to death on a busy street in Dhaka.

### April

Xulhaz Mannan, editor Of Bangladesh’s only LGBT magazine was hacked to death.

Rezaul Karim Siddique, English professor was hacked to death in the city of Rajshahi, Bangladesh, after he organized a music school.

Deaths in 2015
--------------

### February

Avijit Roy, a writer who started the blog Mukto-Mona, was hacked to death with machetes in Dhaka after a book fair. His wife, Rafida Bonya Ahmed, was hurt.

### March

Washiqur Rahman Babu was killed with knives at his house in Dhaka. Police said he wrote about religion on Facebook under the name Washiqur Babu.

### May

Ananta Bijoy Das was a blogger with Avaijit Roy's Mukto-Mona. He was hacked to death with machetes in Sylhet.

### August

Niladri Chakrabarti wrote under the name Niloy Neel. He was killed in his apartment.

### October

Faisal Abedin Deepan was killed in his office. He was a publisher who published Roy's books. Another publisher, Ahmed Rahim Tutal, was attacked, but he lived.

Deaths in 2013
--------------

Ahmed Rajib Haider was hacked to death near his home in Dhaka in February 2013. He wrote under the name Thaba Baba on his blog Somewhere in Blog.
***Virtual League Baseball*** is a 1995 baseball video game. It was developed and published by Kemco for the Virtual Boy. A sequel called *Virtual League Baseball 2* was planned, but it was canceled because the Virtual Boy did not sell very well.

Gameplay
--------

There are three game modes in *Virtual League Baseball*. They are player 1 vs. computer, all-star game, and pennant race. In player 1 vs. computer, one game is played between the player and the computer. In the all-star game, the player plays against the computer using a team of all-stars from America, Asia, or Europe. In the pennant race, the player plays a series of games against the computer. The game uses passwords to continue a game after turning off the console.

It is a single-player game. Players can use passwords to skip levels of the game. The game's teams are international.

Development
-----------

*Virtual League Baseball* was developed by Kemco. It was released in October 1995 for the Virtual Boy.

A playable version of the game was displayed at Electronic Entertainment Expo 1995. This version of the game was so broken that it was impossible for the player to hit the ball.

Like all other Virtual Boy games, *Virtual League Baseball* uses a red-and-black color scheme and stereoscopy. Stereoscopy is an optical trick that is used to make the game look like it is 3D.

A sequel, *Virtual League Baseball 2*, was in development. It was given an ESRB rating but it was never released.

Reception
---------

*Nintendo Power* liked the game's graphics, but wrote that it was hard to defend near the fence. One of the magazine's six reviewers recommended the game. *GamePro* gave a short review where they said that the game was bad. They said the the game had bad controls and did not sound good. Scott Alan Marriott of AllGame said that the game was like *Major League Baseball* for the Nintendo Entertainment System. He did not like these similarities.
"Les Vrais Portraits Et Vies Des Hommes Illustres" by André Thévet
**Origen** (or **Origenes**, also **Origen(es) Adamantius**) was an early Christian scholar. He lived in Alexandria in the 3rd century. He was born in the year 185 or 186, and proably died around the year 254. Today, he is regarded as one of the Church Fathers, but not as a Saint. This is probably because he had some ideas, which were declared to be false later on. These ideas included that the human soul existed before conception, and entered the human body before birth (generally known as pre-existence). Another idea was that of the souls entering a different human body after death. A third idea, called Apocatastasis, is that the reign of god would be restored when the world ends. These ideas were discussed by church fathers, but it was decided that they were false beliefs. The Ecumenical Council  of Constantinople in 453 CE posthumously excommunicated Origen, and the 2nd Council of Constantinople in 553 CE declared *apocatastasis* as heresy. However, in recent years the idea has found some reconsideration especially among Restorationist Christian groups.

His writings are included in the general collection of early Church Fathers. However, unlike many church fathers, Origen was never canonized by the Catholic Church, because some of his teachings (for example, that every man and woman, and even the devil and his demons, would ultimately be saved) directly contradicted the teachings and actions of the apostles.

Origen wrote about many branches of theology, including textual criticism, biblical exegesis and hermeneutics, philosophical theology, preaching, and spirituality. Some of his teachings, however, quickly became controversial. Notably, he frequently referred to his hypothesis of the pre-existence of souls. In the beginning all intelligent beings were united to God. In his writingas, Origen also considered the possibility, that in the end all beings, perhaps even the arch-fiend Satan, would be reconciled with God in what is called the apokatastasis ("restitution"). 

Origen saw the Son of God as subordinate to God the Father. Even though this view of the Trinity was common at the time, it became controversial during the Arian controversy of the fourth century. A group who came to be known as Origenists, and who firmly believed in the preexistence of souls and the apokatastasis, were declared anathema in the 6th century. This condemnation is attributed to the Second Ecumenical Council of Constantinople (553), though it does not appear in the council's official documents.
Sir Arthur C. Clarke at his home in 2005
Sir **Arthur Charles Clarke** (Minehead, Somerset, 6 December 1917 – Colombo, Sri Lanka, 19 March 2008) was a British writer and inventor. He was most famous for his science fiction novel *2001: A Space Odyssey*, and for working with director Stanley Kubrick on the movie of the same name. Clarke and Isaac Asimov were probably the two best-known science fiction writers of their day.

Some of Clarke's novels include *Childhood's End*, *A Fall of Moondust*, *The Songs of Distant Earth*, *The Sands of Mars*, and *Meeting with Medusa*. He also wrote many short stories, and several serious works on science.

Clarke served in the Royal Air Force as a radar instructor and technician from 1941 to 1946. He proposed a satellite communication system in 1945 which won him the Franklin Institute Gold Medal in 1963.

He was the chairman of the British Interplanetary Society from 1947 to 1950 and again in 1953.

Clarke emigrated to Sri Lanka in 1956 largely to pursue his interest in scuba diving; That year, he discovered the underwater ruins of the ancient Koneswaram temple in Trincomalee. He lived in Sri Lanka until his death. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1998, and was awarded Sri Lanka's highest civil honour, Sri Lankabhimanya, in 2005.

Clarke died from heart and respiratory failure at the age of 90.

Related pages
-------------

* Arthur C. Clarke Award

Other websites
--------------

* Arthur C. Clarke Awards Official site Archived 2020-05-02 at the Wayback Machine
* Arthur C. Clarke links & image archive
The Great Cameo of France, made c. 23 AD, pictures several members of the Julio-Claudian families.
At first, the **Julia family** and the **Claudia family** were separate families living in the Roman Empire. 

However, around the first half of the 1st century AD, they merged into one huge family tree as a result of marriages and adoptions between those family members. 

The Julio-Claudian dynasty was the first dynasty of the Roman emperors. All emperors and their families from that dynasty were descendants of the Julii Caesares family and probably even from the Claudii family.

Marriages between the possible descendants of Sextus Julius Caesar and Claudii have occured around the end of the BC era, but the merged Julio-Claudian family tree resulted mostly from adoption and marriages between around the second half of the 1st century BC and the first half of the 1st century AD. Note that the names and identities of family members from the Julli Caesares before Julius Caesar's grandfather's birth is partially guessed by modern-day scholars.
***Blinky Bill the Movie*** is a 2015 Australian computer-animated adventure movie. It is based on the Blinky Bill character, an anthropomorphic koala created by Dorothy Wall for a children's book series in 1933.

Production
----------

The movie was produced by Flying Bark Productions. It was co-produced by Assemblage Entertainment (India) and Telegael (Ireland).

Plot
----

Blinky Bill is a koala with a big imagination. An adventurer at heart, he dreams of leaving the little town of Green Patch and following in his explorer father's footsteps. Mr Bill went missing in the Outback sometime ago and Blinky is the only one who believes his father is still alive. When Blinky discovers a mysterious marker that hints at his Dad's whereabouts, he embarks on a journey that takes him beyond the boundary of Green Patch and into the wild and dangerous Outback. He quickly makes friends with Nutsy, a zoo koala, and Jacko, a nervous frill-necked lizard. Pursued relentlessly by a vengeful feral cat who has a personal score to settle with Blinky, the trio must learn to work together if they ever want to survive the rugged Australian landscape and find Blinky's father!

Heroes
------

This is an important list about the heroes who appear in the movie.

* Blinky Bill
* Nutsy
* Jacko
* Cheryl
* Beryl
* William Bill
* Betty Bill
* Wombo
* Splodge
* Robert
* Marcia

Villains
--------

This is an important list about the villains who appear in the movie.

* Sir Claude
* Mayor Cranklepot
* Jorge (redeemed)

Voice cast
----------

* Ryan Kwanten as Blinky Bill
* Rufus Sewell as Sir Claude "The Cat"
* Robin McLeavy as Nutsy
* David Wenham as Jacko
* Toni Collette as Cheryl and Beryl
* Richard Roxburgh as Mr. Bill
* Deborah Mailman as Mrs. Bill
* Barry Otto as Mayor Wilberforce Cranklepot
* Barry Humphries as Wombo
* Tin Pang as Jorge
* Cam Ralph as Splodge and Robert
* Charlotte Rose Hamlyn as Marcia Mouse
* Billy Birmingham as Tony and Richard

Other websites
--------------

* Official website
* *Blinky Bill* on IMDb
**Benito Jerónimo Feijoo y Montenegro** (8 October 1676 - 26 September 1764) was a Galician neoclassical monk and scholar noted for encouraging scientific thought in Galicia and Spain.

He was born in Casdemiro, and joined the Benedictines at the age of 12, and had taken classes in Galicia, León, and Salamanca. He later taught theology and philosophy at the university of Oviedo, and died at Oviedo. Padre Feijoo studied in Salamanca, Spain, at the University of Oviedo, earning a professorship in theology. Feijoo was a prominent essayist for the Spanish, and his critiques, letters, and plays helped change the steadfast beliefs of many during the 18th century.

His two famous multi-volume collection of essays, *Teatro critico universal* (1726-1739) and *Cartas eruditas y curiosas* cover a range of subjects, from education, law, and medicine, to superstitions and popular beliefs. 

Father Feijoo was a debunker of myths. He had great interest in natural science and many of his essays touch on topics related to this subject and to the many myths about creatures and lands that abounded at that time. One example of how far his naturalistic bent went can be found in a story told by Julio A. Feijoo, one of his descendents, born in Cuba in 1910. Father Feijoo believed that demonic possession was a psychological phenomenon. Once he was called upon to perform an exorcism, and in order to demonstrate that this phenomenon was more due to suggestibility than anything else, in performing a spurious exorcism on the "possessed" subject, he read from Bocaccio's famous bawdy work the *Decameron*. Upon hearing the Latin lines, the "possessed" individual settled down and declared himself to be free of demonic influence.[*source?*]
**Aulus Vitellius Germanicus**  {September 24, 15-December 22, AD 69} was later known as **Vitellius** was an Roman Emperor and general for eight months from 16 April to 22 December 69.
Vitellius was acclaimed emperor following quick succession of previous emperors Galba and Marcus Salvius Otho, in the year of civil war known as Year of the Four Emperors
Vitellius was the first add the honorific cognomen *Germanicus* to his name was instead of *Caesar* upon his accession; the latter name had fallen into disrepute in many quarters because of the actions of Roman Emperor Nero.

Portrait
--------

Invading Britain
----------------

Vitellius was an Roman military commander of Germania Inferior. In AD 43 Roman Emperor Claudius conquers Britannia, Aulus Plautius, governor of Britannia. Roman conquest of Britain, and Claudius defeats Caratacus

Rebellion
---------

On 16 April 69 After Marcus Salvius Otho's death in Rome, He became in Roman Emperor of Rome. he was an third emperor of the Year of the Four Emperors. He ate a lot He did a quick succession with Galba and Otho. After Otho's friend Nero's death.
Michael Portillo in 2008
**Michael Denzil Xavier Portillo** (born 26 May 1953) is a British television presenter and former Conservative Party politician. 

Michael Portillo was born in Bushey, Hertfordshire, to a Scottish mother and Spanish father.

Portillo first became a Member of Parliament (MP) in a by-election in 1984, representing the constituency of Enfield Southgate. He very much liked Margaret Thatchers policies and was quite Eurosceptic, meaning that he was against the European Union. He became a cabinet member in 1992, holding the following positions: Chief Secretary to the Treasury (April 1992 - July 1994), Secretary of State for Employment (July 1994 - July 1995) and Defence Secretary (July 1995 - May 1997). Many people thought he would try to become the leader of the Conservative Party in 1995 but he chose to stay loyal to John Major. At the 1997 General Election, Portillo lost his seat in the House of Commons to the Labour Party.

Portillo returned to the House of Commons after winning a by-election in 1999 for the constituency of Kensington and Chelsea. He then started to re-think many of his ideas and began to argue for a more socially liberal Conservative Party. He became the Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer in February 2000 but he did not have a good relationship with party leader William Hague. He was a candidate in the 2001 Conservative Party leadership contest; he lost to Iain Duncan Smith. Portillo left the House of Commons at the 2005 General Election and has since hosted several television and radio programmes.

Other websites
--------------

* Michael Portillo on IMDb
**Toros Toranyan** ( Armenian : Թորոս Թորանյան, 29 February 1928, Aleppo - 3 June 2021, Yerevan ) was an Armenian writer, publicist, poet and doctor .

Life
----

He was born on 28 February 1928 in the city of Aleppo , in the French Mandate of Syria. Toranyan stated that his ancestors were originally from Sasun ; He explained that they settled in the village of Saylakkaya , which was within the borders of Gaziantep at that time and is now a part of the Halfeti district of Şanlıurfa .

After graduating from the Gulbenkian School in Aleppo in 1943, he completed his education at the Melkonian School in British Cyprus. 

He published his first work in Beirut in 1960. The same year, he also took courses in the field of political science. After returning to Syria, he moved to Yerevan where he studied Armenology for one year. He graduated from Yerevan State University Faculty of Medicine, in medical education in 1970. After working as a physician for twenty years in Syria , he retired and devoted himself to literary works. 

Until his death in 2021, he published more than 150 works in the genres of travel notes, stories and research, including twelve poetry books.
**Sarah Clara Smith** (1851–1947) was an American teacher and missionary from New York state. She started Smith Girls' School (now called Hokusei Gakuen Girls Junior High/High School (Japanese: 北星学園女子中学高等学校 *Hokusei Gakuen Joshi Chugaku Koutou Gakkou*) in 1887 in Sapporo, Japan.

Early life in Japan
-------------------

Smith came to Tokyo in 1880 with her missionary group, Association of Presbyterian Mission International. In 1883, she became sick from the weather, so she went north to Sapporo, Hokkaido. She became healthy again because the weather was like the weather in New York.

Smith Girls' School
-------------------

Hokusei Gakuen Girls' Junior and Senior High School
Smith wanted to start a Christian school in Sapporo because it was a new town. Sapporo didn't have many churches then. But her group didn't give her money, so she went to Hakodate. Hakodate was bigger than Sapporo. In 1886, she got an English teaching job at the Public Teacher’s College of Sapporo. The next year, she could start a Christian school by herself. It was called Smith Girls' School (Japanese: ｽﾐｽ女子学校 *Sumisu Joshi Gakkou*).

### Farming and Lilacs

In the Meiji Era (1868–1912), Hokkaido was a new land in Japan. Also the land was big, so there were many farms. Most schools were farming schools. Smith Girls' School had some farming and Christian education. In 1890, Smith introduced lilacs to Sapporo from the United States. Now, lilac is the official tree of Sapporo and the city has a lilac festival every year in downtown Odori Park.
Thomas Monson in 2009
**Thomas Spencer Monson** (August 21, 1927 – January 2, 2018) was an American religious leader and writer. On February 3, 2008, he became the sixteenth President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, after the death of Gordon B. Hinckley. He was appointed on the basis of seniority following the death of the previous president. He was born in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Monson was made an apostle at age 36. He was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles until he became the President of the Church. As president of the church, Monson is said to be a prophet, seer, and revelator of God's will. Monson spent most of his time engaged in various church leadership positions and in public service.

He received three honorary doctorates. He was Chairman of the Church Boards of Trustees/Education of the Church Educational System. He was appointed by Ronald Reagan to the President's Task Force for Private Sector Initiatives. Monson received the Boy Scouts of America's Silver Buffalo and the World Organization of the Scout Movement's Bronze Wolf—both awards. Both awards are the highest given in each organization.

Monson died in Salt Lake City on January 2, 2018 at the age of 90. He was replaced by Russell M. Nelson.

Early life
----------

Monson was born on August 21, 1927 in Salt Lake City, Utah. His Father was George Spencer Monson (1901–1979) and his mother was Gladys Condie Monson (1902–1973). Nels Monson was his Swedish grandfather. Nels Monson was born in Torhamn, Sweden and moved to Utah at the age of 16. Thomas S. Monson was the second of six children. He grew up in a close family. Many of his mother's family lived on the same street. Aunts, uncles, and cousins frequently vacationed together. The family's neighborhood had many families from Mexico. Monson said he developed a love for the Mexican people and culture. Monson often spent weekends with family on their farms in Granger (now part of West Valley City). Monson's father owned a printing business. Monson worked there when he was a teenager.

From 1940 to 1944, Monson attended West High School in Salt Lake City. In 1944, he started going to the University of Utah. While Monson was at school he met his future wife, Frances. Frances's family came from a higher social class on the east side of the city. Her father, Franz Johnson, was excited to meet Thomas. He knew Monson's great uncle, Elias Monson. Elias had baptized Franz into the LDS Church in Sweden.