Albert Schweitzer
**Ludwig Philipp Albert Schweitzer**, MD, OM, (14 January 1875 – 4 September 1965) was a French-German theologian, musician, philosopher and physician. He was born in Kaysersberg (Alsace), at the time a part of the German Empire.

He wrote books about music and religion. He started a famous hospital in Lambarene, Africa. He received the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize.

Earlier life
------------

Albert Schweitzer was born in Kaysersberg (Alsace), on 14 January 1875. He lived in the village of Gunsbach, where his father was a local pastor. His father taught him how to play music. In 1893, Schweitzer passed his Baccalaureat.

After this, Schweitzer went to Paris to learn philosophy and music, before returning to his birthplace to study theology. He spent nine years studying medicine and surgery. He would dedicate his life to helping people and curing diseases.

Music
-----

Schweitzer was a famous organist and was extremely interested in the music of Johann Sebastian Bach. He developed a simple style of performance, which he thought to be closer to what Bach had meant. In 1908, he completed the final version of his book "Johann Sebastian Bach". In the book, he argued for the new style, which has had great influence on the way Bach’s music is now treated. 

When Schweitzer was in Lambarene, his main recreation was to play Bach’s music. He also gave musical performances to raise money for medical supplies in Gabon.

Recordings of Schweitzer playing the music of Bach are available on CD. Between 1934 and 1935, he had a trial recording for HMV on the organ of the old Queen's Hall in London. In mid-December 1935, he began to record for Columbia Records on the organ of All-Hallows-by-the-Tower, Barking, London.

Theology and Philosophy
-----------------------

Schweitzer became well known for his books on Jesus and Christianity. He was not so much interested in the historical study of Jesus, as in the Christian idea of the end of the world, which can be found in the Bible and the teachings of Jesus. Schweitzer also served as a minister for Saint Nicholas Church in Strassburg.

In the philosophy of Albert Schweitzer, the most important idea is the respect for life. In his book "The Philosophy of Civilization", he wrote that "true philosophy" begins with the idea that: 

"I am a life that wants to live, in the midst of life that wants to live."
Albert Schweitzer’s ethical principles meant that he tried to have a personal and spiritual relationship with the universe. It also meant that he was vegetarian.

Schweitzer in Africa
--------------------

Albert Schweitzer spent most of his life in Lambaréné, Africa. In 1904, he was inspired to help sick people in the world, so he studied medicine. After his medical studies in 1913, he went to Lambaréné with his wife to establish a hospital that would serve thousands of Africans.

During World War I, the French made Schweitzer and his wife, both Germans, leave Africa. In 1924, he returned to Lambaréné and managed to rebuild the destroyed hospital, where he served as a physician .

Later life
----------

From 1939-1948, he stayed in Lambarene since he could not go to Europe during the war. Three years later he resumed his medical practices. But he was no longer just a medical doctor and whenever possible he went to Europe to lecture at universities. Slowly his ideas become known, not only in Europe but worldwide. 

In 1952 Dr Albert Schweitzer was awarded The Nobel Prize for peace. He gave a famous speech *"The Problem of Peace"*. He died on 4 September 1965 at his hospital in Lambarene.

  


| * v
* t
* e
Winners of the Nobel Peace Prize |
| --- |
| 1901–1925 | 
Dunant / Passy (1901) **·** 
Ducommun / Gobat (1902) **·** 
Cremer (1903) **·** 
IDI (1904) **·** 
Suttner (1905) **·** 
Roosevelt (1906) **·** 
Moneta / Renault (1907) **·** 
Arnoldson / Bajer (1908) **·** 
Beernaert / Estournelles de Constant (1909) **·** 
IPB (1910) **·** 
Asser / Fried (1911) **·** 
Root (1912) **·** 
La Fontaine (1913) **·** 
International Committee of the Red Cross (1917) **·** 
Wilson (1919) **·** 
Bourgeois (1920) **·** 
Branting / Lange (1921) **·** 
Nansen (1922) **·** 
Chamberlain / Dawes (1925) 
 |
| 1926–1950 | 
Briand / Stresemann (1926) **·** 
Buisson / Quidde (1927) **·** 
Kellogg (1929) **·** 
Söderblom (1930) **·** 
Addams / Butler (1931) **·** 
Angell (1933) **·** 
Henderson (1934) **·** 
Ossietzky (1935) **·** 
Lamas (1936) **·** 
Cecil (1937) **·** 
Nansen Office (1938) **·** 
International Committee of the Red Cross (1944) **·** 
Hull (1945) **·** 
Balch / Mott (1946) **·** 
QPSW / AFSC (1947) **·** 
Boyd Orr (1949) **·** 
Bunche (1950) 
 |
| 1951–1975 | 
Jouhaux (1951) **·** 
Schweitzer (1952) **·** 
Marshall (1953) **·** 
UNHCR (1954) **·** 
Pearson (1957) **·** 
Pire (1958) **·** 
Noel‑Baker (1959) **·** 
Lutuli (1960) **·** 
Hammarskjöld (1961) **·** 
Pauling (1962) **·** 
International Committee of the Red Cross / League of Red Cross Societies (1963) **·** 
King (1964) **·** 
UNICEF (1965) **·** 
Cassin (1968) **·** 
ILO (1969) **·** 
Borlaug (1970) **·** 
Brandt (1971) **·** 
Kissinger / Le (1973) **·** 
MacBride / Sato (1974) **·** 
Sakharov (1975) 
 |
| 1976–2000 | 
B.Williams / Corrigan (1976) **·** 
AI (1977) **·** 
Sadat / Begin (1978) **·** 
Mother Teresa (1979) **·** 
Esquivel (1980) **·** 
UNHCR (1981) **·** 
Myrdal / García Robles (1982) **·** 
Wałęsa (1983) **·** 
Tutu (1984) **·** 
IPPNW (1985) **·** 
Wiesel (1986) **·** 
Arias (1987) **·** 
UN Peacekeeping Forces (1988) **·** 
Dalai Lama (1989) **·** 
Gorbachev (1990) **·** 
Suu Kyi (1991) **·** 
Menchú (1992) **·** 
Mandela / de Klerk (1993) **·** 
Arafat / Peres / Rabin (1994) **·** 
Pugwash Conferences / Rotblat (1995) **·** 
Belo / Ramos-Horta (1996) **·** 
ICBL / J.Williams (1997) **·** 
Hume / Trimble (1998) **·** 
Médecins Sans Frontières (1999) **·** 
Kim (2000) 
 |
| 2001–present | 
UN / Annan (2001) **·** 
Carter (2002) **·** 
Ebadi (2003) **·** 
Maathai (2004) **·** 
IAEA / ElBaradei (2005) **·** 
Yunus / Grameen Bank (2006) **·** 
Gore / IPCC (2007) **·** 
Ahtisaari (2008) **·** 
Obama (2009) **·** 
Xiaobo (2010) **·** 
Sirleaf / Gbowee / Karman (2011) **·** 
EU (2012) **·** 
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (2013) **·** 
Yousafzai / Satyarthi (2014) **·** 
Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet (2015) **·** 
Juan Manuel Santos (2016) **·** 
International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (2017) **·** 
Mukwege / Murad (2018) **·** 
Ahmed (2019) **·** 
World Food Programme (2020) **·** 
Ressa / Muratov (2021) **·** 
Bialiatski / Memorial / Center for Civil Liberties (2022)
 |

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