recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Ryan VandenBussche** (born February 28, 1973) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger. He played a career total of 9 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the New York Rangers, Chicago Blackhawks, and Pittsburgh Penguins. He was known for his pugilistic skills.

Career
------

Before playing in the NHL, VandenBussche played 2 seasons with the Cornwall Royals of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL).

He was drafted with the 173rd overall by the Toronto Maple Leafs in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. He spent most of his first seasons between the OHL and the American Hockey League (AHL) with the St. John's Maple Leafs, Springfield Indians, and Binghamton Rangers.

On August 22, 1995, he signed a contract with the New York Rangers after he became an unrestricted free agent. After he spent two seasons in the AHL with the Rangers AHL-affiliate team, the Binghamton Rangers, VandenBussche made his NHL debut on December 13, 1996 in a 3-0 win against the Buffalo Sabres.

After 27 games with the Rangers over 2 seasons, the Rangers traded VandenBussche to the Chicago Blackhawks for Ryan Risidore on March 24, 1998. With the Blackhawks, VandenBussche played 263 games over 7 years with them.

On July 12, 2004, he signed a contract with the Pittsburgh Penguins as an unrestricted free agent.

He only played 20 games with the Penguins before he was signed for a try-out by Jokerit of the SM-liiga on September 25, 2006.

He signed with the New Mexico Scorpions of the Central Hockey League (CHL) as a player/coach on November 5, 2006. On January 17, 2007, he announced that he was retiring from playing professional hockey because of medical reasons.

During his career, VandenBussche was mainly known as an enforcer. He is known for ending the career of Nick Kypreos during a fight in a pre-season game in September 1997.

After retiring, he decided to sell real estate with his wife Lisa, and under the direction of his father Ron, in Norfolk County.

On July 3, 2006, VandenBussche was charged with three counts of assaulting police and one count of uttering a death threat after a fight at a bar in Turkey Point. He was later cleared of the charges.

Other websites
--------------

* Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or The Internet Hockey Database
Man and women Kikuyu in 2020 at Kenya.
**Kikuyu** is the largest tribe in Kenya. They are 22% of Kenya's population and are of Bantu ethnicity.

History
-------

There are two theories explaining where the Kikuyu came from. First, it is believed the Kikuyus came from Central Africa, where all the Bantus once lived. They then moved south towards present day Tanzania where the migrating group separated again and the Kikuyus moved towards Mount Kenya, where they settled. The second theory is that they came from a mythical place called Shungwaya, which is present day Somalia.

According to Kikuyu creation stories, Ngai (their God) made a man, called Gikuyu, and his wife, Mumbi, and settled them on Mount Kenya. Gikuyu and Mumbi had nine daughters who form the major groups of the Kikuyu people. Due to the fertile soil on Mount Kenya and the hard work of the Kikuyu people, they grew more than they needed and started trading with their neighbours, the Maasai (a Nilotic tribe). The Kikuyus swapped their farm produce and crops for the animal products from the Maasai, who kept livestock. It is also believed that the Maasai are the ones who married the nine daughters of Gikuyu and Mumbi.

Kikuyu language
---------------

Members of the Kikuyu tribe speak the Kikuyu language. The Kikuyu greeting is "Wi mwega?" which means "Are you fine?". There are a few Kikuyu dialects depending on region. Kikuyus from Nyeri, for instance, have other forms of greeting including: "Wakia Maitu" greeting an elderly female, "Wakia Awa" greeting an elderly male, and "Wanyua" for agemates.

The Kikuyu language is also similar to other languages like Meru, Mbeere, and Embu which are believed to have been once part of the Kikuyu tribe but moved away and formed their own tribes. Even though English and Kiswahili are the main languages spoken in Kenya across tribes, the Kikuyu language is still spoken a lot today as a sense of cultural pride.

Famous Kikuyu people
--------------------

Famous people from this tribe include: Jomo Kenyatta (the first president of Kenya), Mwai Kibaki (the third president of Kenya), Uhuru Kenyatta (current president) and Wangari Maathai (the first African female Nobel Peace Prize winner.)

Other websites
--------------

* *Kikuyu.com*
* *Kikuyu origin*
**Kerala** is a state in the Republic of India. It is in the south-west of the country. The west coast of the state is on the Arabian Sea. Tamil Nadu to the east and Karnataka to the north

The capital city of the state is Thiruvananthapuram, even though the city of Kochi is more densely populated. The area of Kerala is 15,005 mi2 (38,863 km2), which is bigger than Bhutan but smaller than Switzerland. In traditional Indian geography, it is part of South India.

There are 14 districts in Kerala. They are Alappuzha, Ernakulam, Idukki, Kannur, Kasaragod, Kollam, Kottayam, Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad, Pathanamthitta, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur, and Wayanad.

Language
--------

People in Kerala speak Malayalam. More than 90% of the people can read the language. A mix of English and Malayalam is called Manglish. Manglish is used by people in Kerala, who can speak it very easily and fluently.

Culture
-------

Kerala is known for traditional arts and people enjoy traditional, percussion-filled music. They also enjoy tribal ceremonies, martial arts, and sports such as soccer, cricket, and badminton. Kerala is popular for Kalaripayattu, a martial arts form and Kathakali, a Hindu performance art. Most of the people have access to the internet, TVs, newspapers, and books. The average amount of reading per week is about seven hours. The literacy rate is approximately 96.2%, making it the most literate region in India.

### Provincial symbols of Kerala

* Provincial bird of KeralaProvincial bird of Kerala
* Provincial animal of KeralaProvincial animal of Kerala
* Provincial tree of KeralaProvincial tree of Kerala
* Provincial flower of KeralaProvincial flower of Kerala

### Festivals

* Theyyam of Kerala.Theyyam of Kerala.

The most famous festivals held by Keralites are Onam, the harvest festival and Vishu, the Malayalam Calendar New Year. In addition to these, temples as well as churches hold festivals in several days of the year. A common tradition in all these festivals is the hosting of the holy flag, which is brought down on the last day of the festival. Some temple festivals are called poorams, and the most famous one among these is 'Thrissur Pooram'. The main attractions of poorams are firecrackers, traditional dance forms like 'Theyyam, Kathakali, Chakyar Koothu etc.'. Festivals are locally known as *utsavams* .

### Tourism

Kerala is one of the biggest tourist attractions in India, both for Indians as well as foreigners. It has beaches, hill stations and extensive backwaters. Kerala is also known for its diverse nature.

### Agriculture

* Black pepperBlack pepper
* Natural rubberNatural rubber
* CoconutCoconut
* TeaTea
* CoffeeCoffee
* CashewCashew
* BananaBanana

Related pages
-------------

* 
* Malayalam
**Christian VII of Denmark** (29 January 1749 – 13 March 1808) was the King of Denmark and Norway from 1766 to 1808, and the duke of Schleswig and Holstein. He was the son of King Frederick V of Denmark and Louise of Great Britain.

Early life
----------

He lost his mother at the age of three. His stepmother, Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, did not take an interest in him, and preferred her own son, Frederik. Christian suffered from epileptic seizures. His educator, Count Detlev of Reventlow, educated him very severely, locking him up in dark chambers for hours at times. Starting at an early age, Christian showed signs of mental illness. At age 17, he was married to his cousin, Caroline Matilda of Great Britain. Caroline Matilde bore a son, the future King Frederick VI of Denmark.

Court life
----------

When he became king, his cabinet ruled, much like in his father's time. The cabinet was led by Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff. When he toured Europe, he met Johann Friedrich Struensee, a medical doctor, who was influenced by the ideas of Enlightenment. Struensee soon gained influence at the court. Struensee initiated a number of liberal reforms. He also became the lover of queen Louise, who Christan neglected. In the year 1771, Princess Louise Auguste of Denmark was born. People think that Struensee was probably her father. Struensee was executed on 28 April 1772 outside the gates of Copenhagen. The queen was banned from the court. One of the last decrees of Struensee was to create the town of Christiansfeld, where people from the Moravian Church found shelter.

After the execution, Ove Høegh-Guldberg led the kingdom, supported by Queen Juliane and her son. Many of Struensee's reforms were undone. Andreas Peter Bernstorff stepped down in 1780. In the year 1784, Christian's son Frederick took power, reigning in the place of his father. Frederick was influenced by Enligtenment, and made a number of reforms; for example, the abolition of serfdom. Ernst Heinrich von Schimmelmann was made minister of finances. Together with Christian Ditlev Reventlow they boosted trade. Von Bernstorff returned to power in 1784, and was a strong supporter of the neutrality of Denmark. There was an economic boom.

Death
-----

Christian VII died on march 13 1808 as a result of a stroke.
See also: Personification
In this illustration by Milo Winter of Aesop's fable, *The North Wind and the Sun*, a personified North Wind tries to strip the cloak off of a traveler.
A 40,000 year-old carving of a lion with human traits
**Anthropomorphism** is the addition of human traits to something that is not a human. For example, the non-human might have human feelings, needs, and wants. It is common for people to use anthropomorphism.

Anthropomorphism is often used in stories and art. The story of the "Three Little Pigs" has a wolf and three pigs who talk and act like humans. Disney's Mickey Mouse also talks and acts like a human. An anthropomorphized animal is called a "furry".

The novel *The Call of the Wild* also uses anthropomorphism. The main character is a dog named Buck. Many other characters are dogs and wolves. In the story, the animals think and act more like humans than dogs.

Reasons for anthropomorphism
----------------------------

Humans can usually explain why humans do things. Humans are not as good at explaining why non-human things do things. This can lead to people assuming non-human things will do things like humans.

Humans learn about other humans early in life. They know more about humans than about things that are not humans, and they can remember it better.

Related pages
-------------

* Furry: A section of anthropomorphism where animals and legendary creatures are shown as human-like in stories and art.
The **Second Great Awakening** was a Protestant religious movement in the United States. The Second Great Awakening, which spread religion through revival meetings and emotional preaching, sparked a number of reform movements. 

It was led by people such as Charles Grandison Finney, Henry Ward Beecher, Lyman Beecher, Edward Everett and Joseph Smith. It started in upstate New York in the 1790s, but spread to New England and the Midwest. During the Second Great Awakening, thousands of people gathered at large religious meetings called revivals. The people of the Second Great Awakening thought they could bring about a Golden Age in America through religion. The Second Great Awakening led to new religious movements such as the Holiness Movement and the Mormons, and helped groups like the Methodist Church grow.

The Second Great Awakening led to two movements in reform, that is, changing laws and behaviors to make society better. One of these was the Temperance Movement, which believed that drinking alcohol was not good for society. The other was abolitionism, which wanted to end slavery. People such as Harriet Beecher Stowe and William Lloyd Garrison wrote books and newspapers about how slavery should stop. They formed political movements, including the Liberty Party, the Free Soil Party and the Republican Party (United States).
***Little Foxes*** is a book written by Michael Morpurgo in 1984.

Plot
----

Billy Bunch is an orphan who has had many foster families. All his foster families did not work out. He is currently living with a foster mother in the suburbs of a city and they are not happy together. At school Billy is not good at subjects, especially English (he cannot read out loud because he stutters). One night, while Billy tries to run away, he runs into the nearby abandoned land where there are the ruins of a monastery. There is plentiful wildlife in this place. Others call the place "The Waste Ground". Billy calls it his "Wilderness." Billy loves and become part of the nature and wildlife there. He finds more comfort in this place while he rescues an injured swan and nurtures some fox cubs.

The comfort he finds in his new animal friends in his Wilderness helps Billy able to outgrow his stutter. He remains in his foster home and continues to visit his friends in Wilderness sometimes. This does not last long before others in his neighborhood begin to see the area as a danger and the wildlife within it as a threat. Billy eventually runs away with one of the young foxes. The two of them have several adventures and become very good friends. On one of these adventures, he meets a man who has a boat and cares for all the birds around the river. The man says that Billy can stay with him on his boat as they are going in the same direction. This is the first time Billy has somebody who allows him to be himself. The man also helping him understand some hard truths about life. The journey down the river on the boat begins a journey into young adulthood for both Billy and his beloved fox.
**Weaning** means changing the diet of a baby little by little, from its mother's milk to the food it will eat as an adult. Since only female mammals make milk, weaning is only a necessary process for mammals. When a baby does not drink any more breast milk (or milk substitute), the baby has been weaned.

Human weaning
-------------

Babies are able to eat small amounts of solid food, along with breast milk or formula, when they are about six months old. Before this time, a child's digestive system and kidneys are still forming, so the child is not ready for solid food.

Babies do not have teeth and cannot chew their food, so they are usually fed soft, runny food such as cooked mashed fruit or vegetables. Babies cannot digest some foods which adults can eat, including food with nuts or with large amounts of gluten, salt or sugar. Also, babies' digestive systems are very sensitive to bacteria, so they should not eat any foods with honey, eggs or shellfish in them because these foods sometimes contain bacteria.

Weaning
-------

Weaning conflict happens when the mother wants to wean her baby, but the baby wants to keep breastfeeding. The mother tries to force the baby to stop breastfeeding, and the baby tries to force the mother to continue. Some evolutionary scientists think mammal mothers need to wean their babies as soon as possible, so they will have a greater chance of having more babies and spreading their genes. But mammal babies want to breastfeed as long as they can so they will have a chance to grow strong, and also to enjoy the full care of their mothers. Weaning conflict happens in several mammal species, including primates and canines.

Related pages
-------------

* Breastfeeding
Diorite
Orbicular diorite from Corsica (corsite)
Diorite classification on QAPF diagram
Mineral assemblage of igneous rocks
**Diorite** ( /ˈdaɪ.əˌraɪt/) is an melted rock that has cooled made mostly of the silicate minerals (materials made of silicon and oxygen). Diorite is in between that of basalt and granite. Diorite is usually grey to dark-grey in color, but it can also be black or bluish-grey, and often has a greenish cast. It is distinguished from gabbro (basalt) because the materials in diorite has more sodium and less calcium. Diorite may have small amounts of quartz, microcline, and olivine. Tiny amounts of muscovite may also be found. If there is a lot of quartz it makes the rock type *quartz-diorite* (>5% quartz) or tonalite (>20% quartz).

Diorite has an often speckled, texture of coarse grain size.

Diorites may be associated with either granite or basalt intrusions, into which they may merge. Diorite results from the partial melting of a rock above the area where two tectonic plates merge under each other. It is commonly produced in volcanic arcs, and in cordilleran mountain building, such as in the Andes Mountains, as large batholiths. The extrusive volcanic equivalent rock type is andesite.

Occurrence
----------

Diorite
Diorite is a relatively rare rock; source localities include Leicestershire (one name for microdiorite—markfieldite—exists due to the rock's being found in the village of Markfield) and Aberdeenshire, UK; Guernsey; Sondrio, Italy; Thuringia and Saxony in Germany; Finland; Romania; Northeastern Turkey; central Sweden; the Darrans range of New Zealand; the Andes Mountains.

An orbicular variety found in Corsica is called corsite.
Plastic pipe with insulation. The red pipe, and the black mantle are made of polyethylene, the yellow-brown foam is made of polyurethane
**Polyurethane** is a polymer. Its name is often shortened to *PU* or *PUR*. Polyurethane is made of organic units, which are joined by urethane. Polyurethane polymers are formed through step-growth polymerization. In this process, a monomer containing at least two isocyanate functional groups reacts with another monomer containing at least two hydroxyl (alcohol) groups in the presence of a catalyst.

Polyurethane is available with different levels of stiffness, hardness or densities. Examples for such materials are:

* Low-density flexible foam used in upholstery
* Low-density rigid foam used for thermal insulation and RTM cores
* Soft solid elastomers used for gel pads and print rollers
* Low density elastomers used in footwear
* Hard solid plastics used as electronic instrument bezels and structural parts

Polyurethanes are widely used in high resiliency flexible foam seating, rigid foam insulation panels, microcellular foam seals and gaskets, durable elastomeric wheels and tires, automotive suspension bushings, electrical potting compounds, high performance adhesives and sealants, Spandex fibers, seals, gaskets, carpet underlay, and hard plastic parts.

Polyurethane products are often called "urethanes". They should not be confused with the specific substance urethane, also known as ethyl carbamate. Polyurethanes are not produced from ethyl carbamate, nor do they contain it.
In computing, a **comma-separated values** (**CSV**) file stores information you might find in a spreadsheet, such as a table of text, numbers, and dates, in a plain text file.

Format
------

Typically, the first line in a plain text file would contain header information, which are labels for table information organized vertically. Starting with the second line, each line would represent a row. Each cell in a row is separated by a comma, hence its name.

The following is a simple example of this type of file. The example has three columns (labeled 'name', 'age', and 'favorite color'), and four rows (including the header line at the top).

```
name,age,favorite color
Alice,12,green
Bob,23,purple
Jane,34,blue

```

### Escaping

Text in a cell may be surrounded by quotation character ("), to note the start and end of a cell (a particular column and row location) in a table. Quotation characters in a cell value in turn can be denoted by doubling the quotation character (""). This is primarily used to signify that a particular cell contains data that may be confusing to a computer that's trying to read the file. A common example of this is when a cell contains a comma as part of it's data. Without the quotation marks, it's unclear if the comma denotes a separation between cells:

```
name,age
Smith, Joe,45
Choi, Ceri,56
Plummer, Olive,23

```
or if it should be part of the cell's data:

```
"name","age"
"Smith, Joe","45"
"Choi, Ceri","56"
"Plummer, Olive","23"

```

Compatibility
-------------

CSV is a way to describe table data. However, various applications may require different types of tables. Having a file in CSV format may not be enough for a file to be compatible with a particular application.

Furthermore, CSV is stored in plain text. An application may have problems reading a CSV file because of incompatibility with the plain text format, either because of the character encoding or line break format.
**Helle Karis** (February 4, 1944 Vändra - June 5, 2021 ) was an Estonian television and film director, screenwriter and producer.

Life
----

From 1952 to 1957, Helle Karis studied at the Ida Urbel Ballet Studio in Tartu. When her father joined ERSO in Tallinn, Helle Karis entered Tallinn Secondary School No. 24 , graduating in 1962 with Leo Tõnisson. In 1960–1962, she studied at the Henno Arrak Painting Studio of the ESSR State Art Institute and in 1962–1964 at the Estonian National Puppet Theater Studio. From 1965 to 1970, she studied television directing at the Leningrad State Institute of Theater, Music and Cinematography (LGITMiK). The theatrical music films "Legend" and "Organ Reflections" were completed as a graduation project of this school. 

After graduating from high school, Helle Karis worked at Estonian Television as an assistant television director. As a TV director, she continued on ETV even after graduating from the institute. 

As a feature film director, Helle Karis has moved from a fairy tale to mythology and from there to existential problems. Vesta Reest and Meelis Piller have considered the introduction of fairy-tale-mythological material to Estonian feature films to be "epoch-making". 

Helle Karist has also been named the mother of an Estonian fairy tale film. 

Helle Karis was a member of the Estonian Audiovisual Authors' Union ,  the Estonian Cinema Union (1985) and the Estonian Film and Video Studios Union (1997), a founding member of the Estonian Film Women's Union (1995).
**Thermodynamic entropy** is a measure of how organized or disorganized energy is present in a system of atoms or molecules. It is measured in joules of energy per unit kelvin. Entropy is an important part of the third law of thermodynamics.

Imagine that a group of molecules has ten units of energy. If the energy in those molecules is perfectly organized, then the molecules can do ten units of work. However, if the energy became less organized (so, the entropy increased), the molecules might only be able to do six units of work, even though they still have ten units of energy in them.

When total entropy is reached, there is no more energy to spend. A good example of this is a cup of hot tea. The tea has a lot of energy compared to the room the tea is in. Over time the heat in the tea will spread into the room. The tea will become colder. This is because the energy (heat) in the tea moves to the surrounding area. Once the tea became cold, there is no more heat that can be spread. The tea has reached total entropy.

There are two types of these "rooms": An *open system* and a *closed system*. An open system means that energy (like heat) can freely flow in and out of the room. A closed system means that the room is closed off from the outside; no energy can go in or out.

In the case of the tea, the room was a closed system; no energy could enter it. But we can also make it an open system by placing a heater into the room. If we turn on the heater, we can use the heat from it to reheat the cup of tea. New energy has been brought into the room. The entropy has thus decreased. The heat that went from the heater into the tea can then move into the room again until total entropy has been reached. This is what the second law of thermodynamics is about.

A real life example of an open system is the Earth. It gets a lot of energy from the Sun every day. This allows plants to grow and water to stay liquid. If we took away the Sun, plants would die and water would freeze because the surface of our planet would be too cold.
A scene from "King Kong Vs Godzilla"
A **horror movie** is a movie made to scare the viewer. The main stories of horror movies often involve supernatural forces or characters of evil origin. Horror movies are often confused with thrillers, which are similar.

Popular horror movie characters usually include monsters. Early horror movies often took ideas from classic literature, such as *The Mummy*, *Dracula* and *The Wolf Man*.

Slasher movies
--------------

Slasher movies are a subgenre of horror movies. They are often also a type of thriller movie. Slasher movies normally have a psychopathic killer killing a sequence of people. This is usually in a very violent way. The genre may have been inspired by *giallo*, a similar movie genre originating in Italy.

While movies made as early as 1932 had aspects of slasher movies in them, the genre was not really defined until the late 1970s. The 1974 movie *Black Christmas* is considered the first slasher movie.[*source?*]. *Halloween* (1978), *Friday the 13th* (1980) and *Scream* (1996) did very well at the box office and showed that slasher movies could make lots of money.

Psychological horror movies
---------------------------

Psychological horror movies are a subgenre of traditional horror movies which focuses more on the mental instability of its characters than on graphic violence, serial killers or monsters, for example. Most of the time this genre deal with the character's phobias, psychological traumas, paranoia, and etc. The genre often overlaps with psychological thriller as well. *Dead Silence* (2007), *The Shining* and *Babadook* (2014), are some examples of psychological horror movies.

Comedy horror movies
--------------------

Those are movies which blends horror and comic elements in its plot. Unlike common, traditional horror movies, in this movie genre, the viewer may be scared and laugh at the same time. Most of time, the type of humour used in these movies is black comedy.

Some examples includes *Zombieland* (2009), *The Raven* (1963), *Scary Movie* (2000) and *Shaun of The Dead* (2004).
**Quinton** is a town of Pittsburg County in the state of Oklahoma in the United States. The population was 1,051 at the 2010 census. The town was named for Elizabeth Quinton who lived to be 116 years old. Her family still resides in and around the town of Quinton.

Geography
---------

Quinton is at 35°7′33″N 95°22′3″W﻿ / ﻿35.12583°N 95.36750°W﻿ / 35.12583; -95.36750 (35.125904, -95.367470). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.1 square miles (2.8 km2), of which, 1.1 square miles (2.8 km2) of it is land and 0.88% is water.

Demographics
------------

| Historical population |
| --- |
| Census | Pop. |  | %± |
| **1910** | 697 |  | — |
| **1920** | 1,557 |  | 123.4% |
| **1930** | 1,804 |  | 15.9% |
| **1940** | 1,245 |  | −31.0% |
| **1950** | 951 |  | −23.6% |
| **1960** | 898 |  | −5.6% |
| **1970** | 1,262 |  | 40.5% |
| **1980** | 1,228 |  | −2.7% |
| **1990** | 1,133 |  | −7.7% |
| **2000** | 1,071 |  | −5.5% |
| **2010** | 1,051 |  | −1.9% |
| **2015 (est.)** | 1,009 |  | −4.0% |
| U.S. Decennial Census |

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,071 people, 446 households, and 293 families in the town. The population density was 954.8 people per square mile (369.2/km²). There were 509 housing units at an average density of 453.8 per square mile (175.5/km²). There were 79.93% White, 0.19% African American, 16.15% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 0.19% from other races, and 3.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.93% of the population.

There were 446 households out of which 28.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 16.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.1% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the town, the population was spread out with 24.9% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 23.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $19,531, and the median income for a family was $26,912. Males had a median income of $28,056 versus $16,797 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,143. About 18.3% of families and 22.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.3% of those under age 18 and 24.3% of those age 65 or over.
Residues conserved among various G protein coupled receptors are highlighted in green.
**Conserved sequences** are similar or identical sequences which occur in DNA, and cause sequences in RNA, proteins and carbohydrates.

These sequences occur across species. This shows that the sequences has been maintained in evolution despite speciation. The further back up the phylogenetic tree a particular conserved sequence occurs, the more highly conserved it is. Since sequence information is normally transmitted from parents to progeny by genes, a conserved sequence implies that there is a **conserved gene**.

Conservation of a sequence happens when mutations in a highly conserved region lead to non-viable life forms, that is, a form which is eliminated through natural selection. In other words, the product of the gene is vital to life, and its function is destroyed by almost all changes (mutations) to the sequence.

Conserved nucleic acid sequences
--------------------------------

The basic theory, widely agreed, is that highly conserved DNA sequences must have functional value, though the role for many of these highly conserved non-coding DNA sequences is not known. One recent study that eliminated four highly conserved non-coding DNA sequences in mice yielded viable mice with no significant phenotypic differences; the authors described their findings as "unexpected". So there is clearly something here which is not understood.

Many regions of the DNA, including highly conserved DNA sequences, consist of repeated sequence elements. If only one of a set of a repeated sequences was removed, and the repetitions were not needed, then no difference would be seen in the mice. The paper did not report whether the eliminated sequences were repeated sequences.

Conserved protein sequences and structures
------------------------------------------

Highly conserved proteins are often required for cells to work or divide. Conservation of protein sequences is shown by the presence of identical amino acid residues at analogous parts of proteins. Conservation of protein structures is indicated by the presence of functionally equivalent, though not necessarily identical, amino acid residues and structures between analogous parts of proteins.

Shown below is an amino acid sequence alignment between two human zinc finger proteins. Conserved amino acid sequences are marked by strings of **{\mathrm {\*}}** on the third line of the sequence alignment. As can be seen from this alignment, these two proteins contain a number of conserved amino acid sequences (represented by identical letters aligned between the two sequences).

Comparative genomics
--------------------

The research field which studies the evolution and function of multigene families is called **comparative genomics**.
For the fjord in Troms, Norway, see Kvænangen (fjord).

**Kvænangen** is a municipality in Norway. The administrative centre of Kvænangen is the village of Burfjord. The European route E6 highway goes through the municipality and over the Sørstraumen Bridge, and many people stop at the Kvænangsfjellet pass to view the scenery of the Kvænangen fjord.

Kvænangen has an area of 2,109 square kilometres (814 sq mi). However, it has a small population of only 1,159 people. The population density is very low, with only 0.6 people living in each square kilometre of land (2/sq mi). Over the last ten years, the population has decreased by 9.7%.

General information
-------------------

The municipality of Kvænangen was established in 1863 when it was separated from the large Skjervøy Municipality. The area was named after the Kvænangen fjord, which is the main geographic feature for the municipality. Over time, fisheries became a primary industry, and the community exported dried fish to southern areas. Eventually, people native Norwegians moved to other places to help with business and government tasks. 

The population is primarily of Sámi origin, although the Kven people also make up a part of the population. 

The Norwegian Meteorological Institute has been operating a weather station in Nordstraum in Kvænangen since 1965.

History
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During the Nazi occupation during World War II, a temporary work camp was established at Kvænangen. In large part due to the generosity of the local population, prisoners had ample food. As the German Wehrmacht retreated in early 1945, the population was evacuated by force, and all buildings were burned. Today, a local museum shows typical reconstruction houses. Archeological finds indicate nomadic activity in the area going back 10,000 years.

Geography
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The geography of Kvænangen is varied, with coastal and plains geography, extending into Finnmarksvidda. There are mature pine forests in the valley at the head of the fjord, and there are several rivers, the largest of which is Kvænangselva. The Øksfjordjøkelen glacier is located in the northern part of the municipality on the border with Loppa.

Related pages
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* List of mayors in Norway that are elected until 2027
**Muscle atrophy** or "muscle wastage" is a medical problem where a person loses muscle tissue. This makes the person's muscles weaker. With muscle atrophy, muscles can shrink completely, or only partly.

Many older people have muscular atrophy. Muscle atrophy can also happen to people with certain diseases or medical conditions, like cancer, AIDS, congestive heart failure, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and renal failure (where the kidneys do not work correctly). Muscles can get smaller and weaker when those muscles are not used as much as usual - for example, when a person has to wear a cast for a broken arm or leg, or when a person must be on bed rest for a long time during a long illness. Muscle atrophy can also be caused by Dejerine Sottas syndrome, cachexia, burns, liver failure, and starvation.

Muscular atrophy can cause serious problems in a person's life. As the person loses muscle strength, they will lose the ability to do more and more things. When they try to do things, they will be more likely to have accidents. Muscular atrophy increases the risks of falling.

No one knows exactly what causes muscular atrophy. It may be due to the gradual failure in the "satellite cells" which help to regenerate skeletal muscle fibres, and a decrease in sensitivity to or the availability of secreted growth factors which are necessary to maintain muscle mass and satellite cell survival.

In muscle atrophy, the normal balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation changes. There is a down-regulation of protein synthesis pathways, and an activation of protein breakdown pathways. In the ATP-dependent ubiquitin/proteasome pathway, particular proteins are targeted for destruction by the ligation of at least four copies of a small peptide called ubiquitin onto a substrate protein. The substrate is later targeted for destruction by the proteasome.

Muscle atrophy can be treated 

* by exercise which induces an increase in muscle mass. The exercise downregulates the pathways which induce muscle hypertrophy, or an increase in muscle size.
* by the use of functional electrical stimulation to stimulate the muscles. This has been successful in the rehabilitation of paraplegic patients.
* by therapy with muscle-building amino acids for regenerating damaged or atrophied muscle tissue. The branched-chain amino acids or BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) are critical to this process, in addition to lysine and other amino acids.
The **home page** of a website is the document that a web server sends to another computer's web browser application when it has been contacted without a request for specific information. That is, when one enters only a domain name in the Address box without specifying a directory or a file, the *home page* is usually the first part of the website one would be taken to. The Home Page is also called the Main Page. Psych

A properly written home page will tell a user about the information available on the website, and how to view different parts of the website.

The home page of *simple.wikipedia.org* can be found at this link.

**Home Page** was a popular computer application used for composing web pages.

In Linux servers
----------------

In Linux-based servers, the homepage is default.html, default.php, etc. This is a problem for website administrators to install website applications like MediaWiki. Mainly because most website applications are created with the homepage as index.php for PHP applications.

In Windows servers
------------------

Similarly, in Windows-based servers, the homepage is default.html, default.php, etc.
The **curlew** is ***Numenius***, a bird with a long downcurved bill (beak). With its beak the bird probes mudflats for food. 

In pre-modern times the world had many more mudflats than it does today. Many have been eliminated by draining so as to give more land for farming. So, in England, the places suitable for the bird were in river estuaries and low-lying land. Originally, southern England had wide areas of mudflats suitable for the bird.

What changed was the draining of the "levels" to make for better farming. In England areas in East Anglia, Kent and Somerset were all drained and made productive farmland. A similar process happened in many countries. The consequence is that the curlews' numbers have dropped and the bird has become rare in places where it was once common.

Broadly speaking, curlews are waders, as are the godwits which look similar but have straight bills.

Most curlews migrate and so one or more species occur at different times of the year in Europe, Ireland, Britain, Iberia, Iceland, Africa, Southeast Asia, Siberia, North America, South America and Australasia. There are nine species of curlew.
**Dmitry Stepanovich Bortniansky** (Russian: Дмитрий Степанович Бортнянский; Ukrainian: Дмитро Степанович Бортнянський, romanized: *Dmytro Stepanovych Bortnianskyi*; 28 October 1751 in Glukhov – 10 October 1825 in St. Petersburg) was a Russian and Ukrainian composer and musician. He was an important composer of Orthodox church music.

Life
----

### Early life

Bortniansky was born in Glukhov, Russian Empire (now in Ukraine). He studied music and sang in the local church. People noticed that he had a beautiful voice. So, he was chosen to become a singer in the imperial chapel choir in St. Petersburg. He was able to study music and composition in St. Petersburg. He studied music with Baldassare Galuppi. Galuppi returned to Venice in 1768. Galuppi asked Empress Catherine to send Bortniansky to Italy. Catherine accepted this request. She sent Bortniansky to Venice. 

In Venice, Bortniansky continued his training with Galuppi. In 1776, his first opera, *Creonte* was performed in Venice. However, it was not a success. So, he wrote two more operas, *Alcide* and *Quinto Fabio* in 1778. These were successful. In Italy, he also wrote music for Catholic liturgy. This includes an *Ave Maria*.

### Career

Bortniansky returned to St. Petersburg in 1779. He became a composer in the imperial court chapel. In 1783, he became the *Kapellmeister* for Prince Paul. In 1796 Prince Paul became Emperor of Russia. He made Bortniansky the director of the Imperial Chapel.

The imperial court chapel was in a bad condition. The singers were not talented. They were not disciplined. Bortniansky worked to improve the chapel. He improved the living conditions of singers. He increased the singer's salaries. He made sure that the singers received proper education. He introduced choral music from Western European composers. This includes Mozart, Handel, Haydn, and Beethoven.

In 1816, the imperial court chapel received a monopoly for all church music. This means that Bortniansky had full control of the church music in the Russian Empire. He gets to say if a piece of church music can be published or not. However, Bortniansky never published any of his own compositions.

Bortniansky died in St Petersburg on October 10, 1825. It is said that he invited the court chapel to his house before he died. He wanted to hear his favorite choral concerto, *Vskuyu Priskorbna Yesi, Dusha Moya?* (English: "Why are you mournful, O my soul?"). He died after the choir finished singing.

Music
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Bortniansky's greatest contribution was his church music. He was an important composer of the choral concerto. He was not allowed to use musical instruments in his church music. This is because the Orthodox Church does not allow musical instruments in their church.

Bortniansky wrote over 100 religious pieces. Tchaikovsky edited his works after he died. Tchaikovsky later regretted his decision. He did not think that Bortniansky's music was good. He thought that Bortniansky's music did not fit Russian Orthodox liturgy. On the other hand, Hector Berlioz praised Bortniansky's music.
A **monologue** is a long, uninterrupted speech or poem by one person. The person may be speaking his or her thoughts aloud or directly addressing other persons, e.g. an audience, a character, reader, or inanimate object.

The term 'dramatic monologue' is used both for monologues in plays and for the poetic genre.

Rant
----

A **rant** (also called **harangue** or **declamation**) is a monologue that does not present a well-researched and calm argument; rather, it is typically an attack on an idea, a person, or an institution, and very often lacks proven claims. 

Some rants are used not to attack something, but to defend an individual, idea or organization. Rants of this type generally occur after the subject has been attacked by another individual or group.

Rants are used often in situations requiring monologue. Comedians, such as Lewis Black, Adam Carolla, and Rick Mercer, use rants as a way to get their message or punch-line across to the listening audience.

For Example: When a politician gives a speech in a loud voice, he expresses his thoughts and feelings and the general public listens to it, the subject is monologue.

A rant can be used to flame members of an email group or electronic mailing list that are failing to reach a consensus on an issue.

Related pages
-------------

* Debate
* Rhetoric
* Dialectic
* Stream of consciousness writing
*This is about the mental disorder, the studio album is at Folie à Deux (album)*
**Folie à deux** is the name for a condition where an otherwise sane person develops the symptoms and delusions of a person suffering from psychosis. If more than two people share the symptoms or delusions, people speak about *folie à trois* (3), *folie à quatre* (4), *folie à plusieurs*, or *folie en famille*. Officially, the condition is known as **induced delusional disorder** or **shared psychotic disorder** today, but many publications still use the original terms, which were developed in France in the 19th century.
Today, there are two main forms of the condition:

* *Folie imposée*: A person forms a delusion, and passes it on to other people. If the people get separated, the delusions in those people who did not develop them first will usually disappear quickly.
* *Folie simultanée*: Two people suffering from delusions influence each other so that their delusions become very similar.

Newer studies seem to indicate that this classification may not be sufficient to fully describe 'folie à deux'. There may be more symptoms than are usually described in the cases above. Also, in many cases, separating the two patients may not be enough to make the condition go away in one of them. Also, the person described as "sane" before developing the folie à deux may already be suffering from a psychiatric illness, or may develop one. 

The condition was first described in an article pubilshed by Ernest-Charles Lasègue and Jules Farlet in 1877.

Mass hysteria can be seen as a form of folie à deux.
Arnold Rosé
**Arnold Josef Rosé** (October 24, 1863 – August 25, 1946) was a famous violinist. He was the leader (concertmaster) of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra for 50 years.

Arnold Rosé was born in Iaşi (Jassy) in what is now Romania. His family was Jewish. Their name at that time was Rosenblum. He had three brothers. All four boys were musical and so his parents decided to move to Vienna which was a big city in Austria where there was lots of music. Arnold’s father was a carriage builder. In those days people often travelled by horse and cart. His father made good quality carriages and he made plenty of money from his business.

When Arnold was seven he started music lessons. When he was ten he was good enough to study the violin at the Vienna Conservatorium which was a special school for musical pupils.

In 1881 he played a violin solo with a famous orchestra and famous conductor: the Vienna Philharmonic under Hans Richter. The piece he played was the Violin Concerto by Otto Goldmark. Soon he was offered the job of orchestral leader. This was a very important position for such a young man. He stayed in that job for 50 years!

Rosé did other things as well as playing with the orchestra. He gave violin lessons to talented pupils. He like to play string quartets and he got together with three other players to make up the Rosé Quartet. They were very good and for more than half a century people said they were the best string quartet in Europe. Arnold’s brother Eduard was the cellist in the quartet. They played works by lots of composers, especially Haydn, Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven. Rosé knew the composer Johannes Brahms and they played some of Brahms’s compositions when they had only just been written, e.g. the clarinet quintet (for clarinet and string quartet). The Rosé Quartet also knew the composer Schoenberg and helped him to get well known by playing his music.

Another composer Rosé knew very well was Gustav Mahler. Mahler had two sisters. Arnold Rosé married one of them, and his brother Eduard married the other.

Arnold was kept very busy at his job as leader of the orchestra. The orchestra played in the concert hall as well as for the opera. At one special concert lots of flowers and plants had been brought in to the concert hall. The orchestra were busy playing when Arnold noticed people were looking at his shoes. He thought maybe he had an odd pair of shoes on. When he looked down at his feet he saw a mouse sitting there.

Arnold and his wife Justine had a son and a daughter who both became musicians. They had plenty of money to live quite comfortably. He was given the title of Royal and Imperial Court Musician, and he had a special court carriage to take him to the opera. He also had a carriage of his own with a footman in livery (uniform) to drive him about.

However, things changed in 1938. The Nazis took over Austria and made life very difficult for Jewish people. They were in great danger. In the autumn his wife died and Arnold had to save his life by going to England. He stayed there for most of his remaining years. He died in London.