recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Fitawrari Gebeyehu Kindie Yegidimwork** popularly referred to by his horse name "Aba Goraw" Amharic "አባ ጎራው", he was an accomplished Ethiopian military commander and lord protector of the crown. He played a leading role in several important battles of Ethiopian history.

Early life
----------

Gebeyehu was born in Angolela, in North Shewa(Amhara), Ethiopia. He was born in the same village as Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia. Which district was the medieval residence of the Ethiopian and Shewan Amhara rulers in this Awraja of Tegulet

Military career
---------------

Gebeyehu was Fitawrari (Army Commander, a military and aristocratic title). He played a leading role in several important battles of Ethiopian history. He made his reputation at the Battle of Amba Alaje (also known as Amba Alage or Amba Alagi) and later at the Battle of Adwa. In the Battle of Adwa, he commanded 5,000 riflemen, 15,000 spearmen, and 3,000 cavalry.

Death
-----

Gebeyehu was killed in action in the Battle of Adwa. He played a crucial role in the winning of the battle of Adwa. During the battle, he was the front cavalry assault leader for the king's army. While leading the assault He witnessed a large number of Italian military preparing an ambush and slaughter for the large Ethiopian army headed by Emperor Menelik II. He realized unless he acted to the ambush in time the large army would be easily destroyed by the ambush. Then he drives his cavalry army direct into the fully fortified Italian army and began the attack and gave the king's army to escape the ambush and arrive at the battle filed. He was killed at this battle fighting fearlessly.

Legacy
------

A street in Addis Ababa is named after Gebeyehu. He is still known for his military skills.
The **Taj Mahal** is an Islamic religious building, mosque and tomb in India. It was built in the 17th century by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Its chief architect was Ustad Ahmed Lahauri.

The building is in the city of Agra, Uttar Pradesh. It is widely thought as one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. It is one of India's biggest tourist attractions.

The Taj Mahal is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, together with the Agra Fort, 2.5 kilometers away. It was listed as one of the 7 Wonders of the World in 2007. It is on the south bank of the Yamuna river in Agra.

The building was originally white. Because of pollution, it is turning yellow. Sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere reacts with water molecules and becomes sulphuric acid, which slowly destroys the outer layer of the building. 

The Taj Mahal is one of the most notable examples of Islamic architecture ever built. When it was built, most of India was ruled over by the Mughal Empire except the South. Shah Jahan was a Mughal emperor who came into power around 1628. According to historians, Shah Jahan loved building and architecture, which gave him the nickname "The Builder Of Marvels". The Taj Mahal was built for Shah Jahan’s third wife, Mumtaz Mahal- meaning the "Jewel of the palace". She became ill giving birth to their 14th child. As she was about to die, she asked Shah Jahan to make her the most beautiful tomb that was ever built. She died on 17 June 1631. In 1657, Shah Jahan fell ill. He died in captivity in 1666. His tomb was placed besides Mumtaz Mahal's.

Construction
------------

The Taj Mahal is an example of Muslim Architecture – a mixture of building design influenced from Middle Eastern, Indian, Turkish, and Ottoman architecture.

The Taj Mahal was built with materials from all over the world. Over 20,000 people were used to move building materials. It is generally thought that Ustad Ahmad Lahauri was in charge of the construction. The building was finished in 1648.

Visitors
--------

The Taj Mahal had 2 million visitors in 2001. In 2014-2017 there were more than 7-8 million visitors.

Damage
------

Many people think the Taj Mahal is one of the most beautiful buildings ever built. However, it is slowly being damaged by acid rain in the nearby Yamuna Basin. A nearby oil refinery has been blamed for some of the damage. In 1996, the Indian Supreme Court said that local industry was harming the Taj Mahal. The court set up an area of 10,400 square metres around the Taj Mahal called the Taj Trapezium Zone. Industries within this zone must use Natural gas instead of coal.

Because of pollution, the Taj Mahal is getting yellower slowly.
For other uses of "2", see 2 (disambiguation).
"II" redirects here. For other uses, see II (disambiguation).
Pronunciation of the number 2

**2** (**Two**; /ˈtuː/ (audio speaker iconlisten)) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the number after 1 (one) and the number before 3 (three). In Roman numerals, it is **II**.

In mathematics
--------------

Two has many meanings in math. For example: {\displaystyle 1+1=2}. An integer is *even* if half of it equals an integer. If the last digit of a number is even, then the number is even. This means that if you multiply 2 times anything, it will end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.

Two is the smallest, first, and only even prime number. The next prime number is three. Two and three are the only prime numbers next to each other. The even numbers above two are not prime because they are divisible by 2.

Fractions with 2 in the bottom do not yield infinite.

Two is the framework of the binary system used in computers. The binary way is the simplest system of numbers where natural numbers (0-9) can be written.

Two also has the unique property that 2+2 = 2·2 = 22 and 2! + 2 = 22.

Powers of two are important to computer science.

The square root of two was the first known irrational number.
This is a Korean name; the family name is *Oh*.

**Oh Se-hoon** (Korean: 오세훈; 吳世勳 born 4 January 1961, Seoul, South Korea) is a South Korean politician. He became the mayor of Seoul in 2021. He was also the mayor from 2006 to 2011.

Education
---------

When he was young, his family was very poor. He hasa said that he would need to finish his homework before sunset This was because it was very hard for his family to use electricity. After he graduated from high school, he entered Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. He studied Law. During his second year, he moved from HUFS to Korea University. In 1984, he passed the 26th Korean bar examination.

Political career
----------------

Oh served the military as an officer soon after graduating from law school. After finishing his military service, he worked as a lawyer in Seoul for about 15 years. He appeared on television programs about law many times. That made him become very famous, so he campaigned to being a politician. In 2000, he was elected as a member of the National Assembly, belonging to Grand National Party. As a young politician, he tried to break and change the old and conservative image of Grand National Party. After completing the four years of his term as a member of the National Assembly, he went back to being a lawyer.

Though he had left the political world, he was still preferred by many people. He was even favoured as the next mayor of Seoul, because the former mayor Lee Myung-bak was running for the President. At first, he consistently denied running for the mayor of Seoul. But as he was considered the best candidate for the mayor in many polls, and as Grand National Party persuaded him to run for the mayor, he finally decided to run.

### As mayor

Even before the election, he always won in many polls. As a result, he got over 60% in the 2006 election and became the mayor of Seoul easily. In this election, he promised to remove Dongdaemun Stadium, redevelop about 50 towns, encourage people to learn English, and change diesel buses to natural-gas buses.

In 2010, he tried to be re-elected as mayor. He was expected to easily defeat other candidates again. But in the vote counting, he was about to lose. The gap between him and the second candidate, Han Myeong-sook was just about 0.6%. He decided to quit after winning the election.

He was criticized because in his last 5 years in office the debt of Seoul tripled.
**Jalila Haider** (Urdu: جلیلہ حیدر) is a Pakistani human rights lawyer and activist from Quetta in Balochistan. She holds the record of being the first female lawyer from Quetta's Hazara minority, which is an ethnic minority group in Balochistan. She is a strong advocate for the rights of her community. Haider was born on 10 December 1988 in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. She has a masters degree in International relations which she received from University of Balochistan. Jalila is associated with the Awami Workers Party (AWP) and leads the Women Democratic Front (WDF) in Balochistan. Jalila has also established a non-profit organization called "We the Humans – Pakistan," which focuses on making local communities stronger in Balochistan, specially the poor women and children.

Activism
--------

Haider has been a vocal supporter against the disappearance and killing of Baloch political activists. She has taken a important role in leading collective action by people in favor of a cause and hunger strikes to raise awareness about the challenges faced by the Baloch community. In April 2018 after 9 people of Hazara community were killed, she went on a 4 day hunger strike demanding the Chief of Pakistani Army to visit and take necessary steps to control the rising murders in the community. Jalila Haider used to led campaigns against the genocide of the Hazara community. Her efforts included raising awareness by participating in protests and speaking out against the cruel acts faced by the Hazara and Pashtun people. She believes that their pain is the same as they are all jointly demanding the guarantee of their right to life in the Constitution of Pakistan.

Achievements
------------

In 2014, she was selected as an Atlantic Council Emerging Leaders of Pakistan Fellow. .

In 2015, Haider was selected as one of 'News Women Power 50' list of Pakistan's most influential and powerful women. She was also a 2016 Swedish Institute Young Connectors of the Future Fellow.

In 2019, Haider was named in BBC's 100 Women, which is a list of influential women from around the world compiled by BBC.

In 2020, she received Hum TV Women Leaders Award. The same year in March 2020, She was honoured with International Women of Courage award by the United States Department of State.

In 2023, Haider won the Justitia Award. By winning it, she became the second Pakistan woman to win the award after Nida Usman won it in 2021.
A **direct tax** is a tax paid directly to the government by a person or organization. A direct tax may not be passed on to another person or entity but must be paid by the entity responsible for the tax. A direct tax is different from an indirect tax, which is paid by someone other than the person or entity who would normally be responsible for it. For example, a tax owed on a piece of property is a direct tax. A tax on the sale of that property would be considered an indirect tax.

Income tax
----------

An income tax is a tax that governments levy on individuals and businesses on their income. In the US and other countries, businesses and individuals need to file an Income Tax Return every year. This is to report all forms of income and to see if they owe any tax or can get a tax refund. Income tax is an important source of funds to most levels of government.

### The 16th Amendment

In the United States Constitution, the difference between indirect and direct taxes was important enough to require a Constitutional amendment in order for the federal government to levy an income tax. This was the Sixteenth Amendment which was ratified in 1913. Before the Sixteenth Amendment, any direct tax levied by the federal government had to be apportioned among the states by population. As apportionment by population proved to be virtually impossible, levying direct taxes was prevented by this article of the Constitution until it was changed in 1913. So the federal government relied on indirect taxes such as tariffs and Duties on imported goods and materials.

Corporate tax
-------------

Another form of direct tax is the corporation tax. This is a tax on profits earned by corporations and other companies. In the United States the federal corporate tax is a direct tax, but is different from income tax. It taxes net income (profits) not gross income (on which income taxes are based). Corporate tax allows deductions for most expenses of doing business. Also, it only applies to corporations. It does not apply to partnerships or sole proprietorships.

Property tax
------------

Property tax, also called millage tax, is a tax on property that the owner must pay. They are usually collected by local governments and are based on a standardized value of a property. Property tax money is usually used for schools, community safety and local infrastructure. Millage rates refer to the *mill*: one one-thousandth of a dollar. The millage rate is the amount of taxes levied per $1,000 of property value. For example, if the millage rate is 3 mills (or 3 tenths of a penny), a property valued at $300,000 would be a tax of $900.

Related pages
-------------

* Tax
* Indirect tax
* Sales tax
* Value Added Tax
This article is about the island of Hokkaidō. For the prefecture, see Hokkaidō Prefecture.
A map of Japan with the island of Hokkaidō highlighted in brown
Sōunkyō, a gorge in the Daisetsu-zan Volcanic Area
A satellite image of Hokkaido
**Hokkaidō** (北海道, *Hokkaidō*), also known as **Ezo** and **Yezo**, is a volcanic island in Japan. It is the northernmost of Japan's four main islands.

Hokkaidō Prefecture covers the entire island.

About 5,500,000 people live on the island. It is north of Honshu. It is the second largest Japanese island. It has a humid continental climate (Dfa/Dfb in the Köppen climate classification) with cold snowy winters and warm to hot summers.

Agriculture is an important part of the island's economy.

Regions
-------

Hokkaidō region is one of Japan's traditional geographic regions.

The region covers the entire island. The island and the region have been called Hokkaidō since 1869.

Related pages
-------------

* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Hokkaido at Wikimedia Commons

* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

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The **Ellsworth Street Bridge**  is a highway bridge that crosses the Willamette River in Albany, Oregon, United States. Built in 1925, the two-lane structure carries U.S. Route 20 eastbound traffic, with the adjacent Lyon Street Bridge carrying westbound traffic. The 1,090-foot (330 m)-long steel-truss bridge was designed by Conde McCullough and opened in 1926.

History
-------

In 1887, a bridge was built across the Willamette River at Albany for the Corvallis and Eastern railway followed by the Steel Bridge built in 1893 just down river. The state of Oregon began building a new bridge across the river at the city in 1925 to carry vehicular traffic. Designed by state highway department bridge designer Conde McCullough, it was constructed by the Union Bridge Company based in Portland, Oregon. The steel truss structure was completed in 1926.

When the bridge opened, the Albany-Corvallis Highway was completed. At the time the structure was named the Albany Bridge. In 1973, the neighboring Lyon Street Bridge was completed to the east to expand capacity to a total of four lanes between the two bridges. Ellsworth Street Bridge was refurbished in 1971 and 2002. As of 2004, the bridge handled an average of 9,850 cars per day.
Witchcraft at Salem Village. The main figure in this 1876 illustration of the courtroom is usually identified as Mary Walcott.
The **Salem Witch Trials** were a series of county court trials which accused people of being witches. The Salem Witch Trials involved two kinds of trials. First, court hearings were held before local magistrates; then trials were held in county court. The witch trials were held in Essex, Suffolk and Middlesex Counties of colonial Massachusetts, between February 1692 and May 1693.

In February 1692, two young girls in Salem Village, Betty Parris and Abigail Williams, began twisting themselves into strange shapes and speaking meaningless words. Betty’s father called a doctor, who said that witches had invaded Salem Village and were bewitching the girls. The girls accused people they didn’t like of being witches. 

During the Trials, over 150 people accused of witchcraft were arrested and put in jail. Even more people were accused, but were never formally charged by the authorities. Twenty-nine people were convicted (or found guilty) of witchcraft, which was a capital felony. Nineteen of these people - fourteen women and five men - were hanged on Gallows Hill in present-day Salem, Massachusetts. Another man, Giles Corey, refused to enter a plea of guilty or not guilty. Authorities tortured him to try to force him to confess or enter a plea. Corey was crushed to death under heavy stones. At least five more of the accused died in prison.

The trials were held in Salem. Accused witches from surrounding areas were brought to Salem to be tried for witchcraft. The best-known trials were held by the Court of Oyer and Terminer in 1692 in Salem Town. All twenty-six people who went to trial before this court were convicted. In 1693, there were also four sessions of the Superior Court of Judicature in Salem. During these court sessions, thirty-one accused witches were tried for practicing witchcraft, but only three were convicted.

A much later Ipswich Witch Trial was held in 1878, and was called the second Salem witch trial.
"The Lighthouse at the End of the World" is one novels by Jules Verne, considered the father of science fiction.
**Novels** are books which have one long story written in them. They are works of prose fiction. They are longer than short stories and novellas. There are many kinds. For example, some are adventure stories, like *Treasure Island* by Robert Louis Stevenson. There are horror (scary) stories like Mary Shelley's *Frankenstein*. There are also science fiction novels like *Dune* by Frank Herbert, and humorous novels like *Tom Sawyer* by Mark Twain. Novels in English are usually at least 60,000 words long. Some are much bigger, 150,000 words or more. Novels usually have 100 pages or more.

The first novels were written more than three hundred years ago. Some people say that *Don Quixote* by Miguel de Cervantes is the first novel. It was first published in 1605.

Genres of novels
----------------

There are many different genres, or categories, of novels. Some of these are:

* Campus
* Crime fiction
* Fantasy
* Gothic
* Horror
* Romance
* Spy
* Thriller
* Science fiction
* Speculative
* Westerns
* Picaresque
* Gothic Novel
* Sentimental Novel
* Weird fiction
A **leap year** is a calendar year in which an extra day is added to the Gregorian calendar, which is used by most of the world. A common year has 365 days, but a leap year has 366 days. The extra day, February 29, is added to the month of February. In a common year, February has 28 days, but in a leap year it has 29 days. The extra day, called a leap day, occurs on the same day of the week as the first day of the month, February 1.

Because of an extra day, a leap year of 366 days has 52 weeks and two days. Therefore, a leap year does not begin and end on the same day of the week, as a common year does (for example, in 2024, January 1 fell on a Monday, but December 31 will fall on a Tuesday).

Leap years are evenly divisible by 4. The current year, 2024, is a leap year. The last leap year was 2020, and the next will be 2028. However, any year that is evenly divided by 100 would not be a leap year unless it is evenly divided by 400. This is why 1600, 2000, and 2400 are leap years, while 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200, and 2300 are common years, even though they are all divisible by 4.

We have leap years because instead of 365 days, the Earth really takes a few minutes less than 365-1/4 days (365.24219) to go completely around the Sun. Without leap years, the seasons would start one day earlier on the calendar every four years. After 360 years, spring in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere would begin on December 21 (which is when winter in the Northern Hemisphere and summer in the Southern Hemisphere presently begins).

A number of countries use a lunar calendar (based on the Moon, instead of the Sun, like our solar calendar is). They have leap years when they add an extra lunar month. Different calendars add the extra month in different ways. So a year which has 366 days instead of 365 days where the month of February has 29 days is called a leap year.

In a leap year, the corresponding months are January, April, and July, February and August, March and November, and September and December. No month corresponds to May, June, or October.

In the Gregorian calendar, 97 out of every 400 years are leap years. In the outdated Julian calendar, 100 years out of every 400 are leap years. All other years are common years.

Related pages
-------------

* February 29
* Common year
* Century leap year
***Pac-Man 99*** (stylized as **PAC-MAN 99**) is a 2021 online multiplayer maze video game with battle royale features developed by Arika and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment for the Nintendo Switch through its Nintendo Switch Online service. It was announced on social media sites on April 6, 2021 and was released on April 7, 2021.

  

This game is set to shutdown on October 8 2023.

  

Part of its *Pac-Man* franchise, its gameplay involves up to 99 players competing at the same time, similar to *Tetris 99* and *Super Mario Bros. 35*, which is another battle royale game which has since been discontinued. Players control Pac-Man through an enclosed maze, eating dots on the board and avoiding coloured ghosts that go after them. Eating power pellets causes the ghosts to turn blue and become edible; eating ghosts sends enemies called "Jammer Pac-Man" to another opponent in an attempt to slow them down and get them out of the game. The game features downloadable content that includes offline play and additional skins, with some based on other Namco games, but you must pay for it. This game cannot be played without a Nintendo online subscription and after October 8th, a DLC (Will be taken off stores)

Reviews
-------

Pac-Man 99 received a 76 out of 100 on review collector Metacritic, indicating "generally favourable reviews".
| The TCP/IP model (RFC 1122) |
| --- |
| Application Layer |
| * BGP
* DHCP
* DNS
* FTP
* Gopher
* GTP
* HTTP
* IMAP
* IRC
* NNTP
* NTP
* POP
* RIP
* RPC
* RTCP
* RTP
* RTSP
* SDP
* SIP
* SMTP
* SNMP
* SOAP
* SSH
* STUN
* Telnet
* TIME
* TLS/SSL
* XMPP
* (more)
 |
| Transport Layer |
| * TCP
* UDP
* DCCP
* SCTP
* RSVP
* ECN
* (more)
 |
| Internet Layer |
| * IP
	+ IPv4
	+ IPv6
* ICMP
* ICMPv6
* IGMP
* IPsec
* (more)
 |
| Link Layer |
| * ARP
* RARP
* NDP
* OSPF
* IS-IS
* SPB
* Tunnels
	+ L2TP
* Media Access Control
	+ Ethernet
	+ DSL
	+ ISDN
	+ FDDI
* Device Drivers
* (more)
 |
| * v
* t
* e
 |

**Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol** (**XMPP**) (formerly named **Jabber**) is a protocol for instant messaging. It is inspired by XML.

It is different to most protocols because it is an open standard. This means that anybody who has a domain name and an internet connection can run their own server. Most of the software and the clients are open source.

Other software such as Google Talk and the Gizmo5 use the XMPP protocol. It has been installed on thousands of servers across the internet. There are over five hundred million users who use software based on the protocol. Clients include Pidgin and iChat.

History
-------

Jeremie Miller started the Jabber project in 1998. The first major public release was in May 2000. This early software was the basis of XMPP. It was a competitor to SIMPLE, which was based on the SIP protocol.

In August 2001, the Jabber Software Foundation (JSF) was started. The main role of the JSF was to manage the XML protocols for XMPP by documenting them. As well as this, the organisation was to co-ordinate the many companies that were using the XMPP technology.

In 2002, the Internet Engineering Task Force created a working group to formalize the protocol. The group was named the *Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol Working Group*, or *XMPP WG*.

In 2007, Jabber Software Foundation (JSF) became XMPP Standards Foundation (XSF).

XMPP and HTTP
-------------

XMPP can use HTTP to send data to the servers. This is useful when there are strict firewalls in place, because data can be sent through the web instead of through a different port (port 5222 and 5223).

There are also open public servers which use standard ports (port 80 and 443) so that users can connect from behind most firewalls.

Other websites
--------------

* XMPP Standards Foundation
* Jabber.org (always maintained, the first XMPP server)
Duncan Smith in 2020
**Sir George Iain Duncan Smith** (born 9 April 1954 in Edinburgh, Scotland) is a British politician who is the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions from 2016 - 2016. He was the leader of the Conservative Party from September 2001 to November 2003 and is the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Chingford and Woodford Green.

Iain Duncan Smith served in the Scottish part of the British Army, the Scots' Guard from 1975 to 1981. He became a Conservative Party MP at the 1992 General Election for the constituency of Chingford (called Chingford and Woodford Green from 1997). He became a member of William Hague's shadow cabinet in 1997 and became Shadow Defence Secretary in 1999. When Hague resigned in 2001, Iain Duncan Smith was elected leader of the Conservative Party, defeating Kenneth Clarke and Michael Portillo. In November 2003, Conservative Party MPs passed a Vote of No Confidence in Iain Duncan Smith because they believed he could not win the general election. He was replaced by Michael Howard. After the 2010 General Election, Iain Duncan Smith was made the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions. He resigned in March 2016.

Iain Duncan Smith was the first leader of the Conservative Party to have been Roman Catholic and was the first to have been born in Scotland since Arthur Balfour.

Other websites
--------------

* - Official site
Cover of sheet music for "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" published in Boston by Oliver Ditson & Co. 1862
"**The Battle Hymn of the Republic**" (also known as "**Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory**" outside of the United States), is a song by American writer and poet Julia Ward Howe (1819–1910).

History
-------

Howe's lyrics were written in November 1861 and first published in *The Atlantic Monthly* in February 1862. She was paid $4.00 for the song. It is based on the music from the song "John Brown's Body". It was made famous by Charles Cardwell McCabe, a Union Army chaplain during the American Civil War. He sang it in front of President Abraham Lincoln who stood and asked to hear it a second time. It quickly became the unofficial anthem of the Union. Since that time, it has become a popular and well-known American patriotic song.

Lyrics
------

Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord;
He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored;
He hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible swift sword:
His truth is marching on.
(**Chorus**)
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
His truth is marching on.
I have seen Him in the watch-fires of a hundred circling camps,
They have builded Him an altar in the evening dews and damps;
I can read His righteous sentence by the dim and flaring lamps:
His day is marching on.
(**Chorus**)
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
His day is marching on.
I have read a fiery gospel writ in burnished rows of steel:
"As ye deal with my contemners, so with you my grace shall deal";
Let the Hero, born of woman, crush the serpent with his heel,
Since God is marching on.
(**Chorus**)
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
Since God is marching on.
He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat;
He is sifting out the hearts of men before His judgment-seat:
Oh, be swift, my soul, to answer Him! be jubilant, my feet!
Our God is marching on.
(**Chorus**)
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
Our God is marching on.
In the beauty of the lilies Christ was born across the sea,
With a glory in His bosom that transfigures you and me.
As He died to make men holy, let us die to make men free,
While God is marching on.
(**Chorus**)
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
While God is marching on.
He is coming like the glory of the morning on the wave,
He is Wisdom to the mighty, He is Succour to the brave,
So the world shall be His footstool, and the soul of Time His slave,
Our God is marching on.
(**Chorus**)
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
Glory, glory, hallelujah.
Our God is marching on.

Other websites
--------------

* YouTube: The Battle Hymn of the Republic
* YouTube: John Brown's Body - The Choir of Trinity College, Cambridge
* The Battle Hymn of the Republic; Meaning Archived 2014-10-27 at the Wayback Machine
Persian Gulf from space, seen by satellite
The **Persian Gulf** is the name of a geographical place. Its location is in the Middle East. It is an extension of the Gulf of Oman. It is between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula, and the Arabs prefer to call it the "Gulf of the Arabs".

During the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988), the Persian Gulf came into news. Both sides attacked oil tankers of each other. Later, when Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1991, the new war got the name of "Gulf War" but major fighting happened on land.

The water in the Persian Gulf is rich in fishes; it has long beautiful coral reefs. Deep inside the water of the Persian Gulf, there are many pearl oysters. Due to this, the area attracts a lot of activities.

In Persian language, the term khalīj-e-Fars means the Persian Gulf. In October 2018, the World Intellectual Property Organization of the United Nations registered Persian Gulf as a place of origin, based on the Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration.

Geography
---------

The sea waters of the Persian Gulf covers an area of 233,000 km2. On the east, it connects with the Gulf of Oman by Strait of Hormuz. On the west, it connects a major river delta of Shatt al-Arab. In this river delta, waters of two big rivers of the area flow into: the waters of the Euphrates and the Tigris rivers.

The length of the Persian Gulf is 989 kilometers, and the shortest distance between two land points are 56 kilometers. The waters are generally not very deep. The maximum depth is only 90 meters. The average depth is only 50 meters.

There are many countries with borders touching the Persian Gulf. If taken in a clockwise direction, these countries are from the north: Iran, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar on a peninsula off the Saudi coast; Bahrain on an island; and Kuwait and Iraq in the northwest. Many small islands lie within the Persian Gulf.

Petroleum
---------

The area in and around the Persian Gulf has world’s largest crude oil. Industries relating to crude oil are the main industries in this area. Al-Safaniya, the world’s largest offshore oil field is in the Persian Gulf. Many countries with large crude oil are in this area. They are called Persian Gulf States, that is, the countries around the Persian Gulf. These countries are Iran, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Iraq (with its small portion touching the Persian Gulf) is not called a Persian Gulf State.

British control
---------------

For about 200 years, from 1763 until 1971, the United Kingdom kept some control over some of the Persian Gulf countries. These countries were the Trucial States and at various times Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, and Qatar. Upon independence most of the Trucial States made a new United Arab Emirates.

Other websites
--------------

* Persian Gulf

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Auckland Grammar School
**Auckland Grammar School** is a public school in Auckland New Zealand. It teaches boys from age thirteen to eighteen. The school also has some places near the school where students who come from distant places can live. It is one of the biggest schools in New Zealand. The school has more than two thousand students. The School's motto is "*Per Angusta Ad Augusta*". It means "Through Hardship to Glory". This motto is most often reiterated within the school. The current Headmaster is Tim O'Connor.

History
-------

Auckland Grammar School was first set up in 1868 by Sir George Grey. He was the governor of New Zealand from 1861 to 1868. During that time, the new European settlers were fighting with the Māori people over land rights issues. The Governor of New Zealand asked for military help from the British Empire. Britain sent up to one million soldiers to New Zealand to end the problems. Many of the soldiers settled with their families in Auckland. Sir George Grey decided to create Auckland Grammar School to give a very good education to the soldiers' sons.

Tibbs House
-----------

Tibbs House was opened in 1962 with 46 boys to provide an opportunity for boys outside of the greater Auckland area to attend Auckland Grammar School.

It was named after the fourth Headmaster of Auckland Grammar School, Mr J W Tibbs MA, CMG, who was Headmaster from 1893 to 1922. A statue of Mr Tibbs can be found at the entrance to Old Tibbs House.

Rules
-----

People of all classes or racial background who live in New Zealand are all the same when it comes to being allowed to go to the school. The school believes it is very important to teach many different languages and, in particular, 'the instructing in Latin.' The school tries to get all of the students to do very well in all educational areas, for example, Academic, Sporting and Cultural fields. The school does however show some disregard for national educational standards.

Famous former students
----------------------

* Sir Edmund Hillary (The first person to climb Mount Everest)
* Russell Crowe
* Cyrill Basset (Won the Victoria's Cross during World War I)
* Hon Sir Leslie Munro former President of the General Assembly of the United Nations

Other websites
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* Official school website

36°52′9″S 174°46′10″E﻿ / ﻿36.86917°S 174.76944°E﻿ / -36.86917; 174.76944
**Kwashiorkor** is a health condition of poor nutrition from not having enough protein in the diet. If a person uses up energy from carbohydrates (starches) and lipids (fats), their body may begin to use protein for energy. 

The body breaks down protein into energy that can be used. They then do not have enough protein for other needed bodily functions such as growth and building tissues like bones. Usually this is a condition of children from aged 1 to 5 years, but rarely adults and older children get it. It is common in poor places in Africa. Symptoms include having a pot belly, swollen face, and hair that is dark then light then dark. This can be cured by having a protein- rich diet.

Kwashiorkor comes from a protein deficiency (lack) in the diet. Body parts becomes swollen due to an accumulation of water in the spaces between the body's cells. Other symptoms are poor muscle development, swollen legs, puffy face, difficulty in eating, diarrhea, and dry skin are the symptoms of this disease.
**Lili Zografou** (/zɒˈɣrɑːfʊ/; Greek: Λιλή Ζωγράφου; June 17, 1922 – October 2, 1998) was a Greek journalist, novelist, dramatist, essayist, and political activist. She is known for her book *Nikos Kazantzakis: enas traghikos* in which she examined the work of Greek writer Nikos Kazantzakis. This book of hers was published in 1959, three years after Kazantzakis' death.

Zografou supported women's rights. In her books, she wrote about how women lived in the late 20th century Greek society. Her work's main themes are civil liberties, freedom of speech, sexual violence and sexual revolution. 

When Greece lost to the Axis, Zografou joined the Greek Resistance against the Nazis. She was put to prison while pregnant and gave birth inside the jail. Zografou criticised the Greek military junta of 1967-1973. With her book *Epangelma: Porni* (*Occupation: Whore*), she described the dictatorship in her country, in order to show its cruelty. 

A Greek writer and critic of literature, Demosthenis Kourtovik, called Zografou "the dark Goddess Hecate of Greek literature".
50°45′41″N 25°57′40″E

**Novostav** (until the 1940s — *Jurydiko-Novostav*) — a village in the Zoryanska village community of the Rivne district of the Rivne region of Ukraine. The population is 779 people.

Geography
---------

The village is located one kilometer north of Klevan on the southern (partially northern) side of the railway near the already dried Stubla floodplain on both sides.

Novostav has named objects: Dacha (Dachi) "Sanatorna district", where in 1924 the burgher Svishchuk built the first rest house in the purchased forest; Busli "an inhabited riverbank, where storks and storks once gathered before departure" and many others.

Name
----

The name Novostav comes from the two-component Novy Stav, which, in turn, was the result of distinguishing two Stavs: the older and the newer. The original Stav, which on the left bank of the Stubla took the name of the tract where it was, and apparently, somewhere in the vicinity of the former water mill, is now gone, as well as the stream of Zhivets (Zhylivets), which originated from spring waters.

According to legend, Novostav got its name from the expression "to build a new village", because it is said that the surrounding villagers decided to create a new settlement here after the Tatar pogrom. But some tend to see in the name the concept of "a settlement created at the new pond on the right bank of the Stubla".

History
-------

For the first time, Novostav, but under the name Novy Stav, is mentioned in a charter of 1516, where it is said that King Sigismund I granted Bohus an estate named "Zhukovo" with the villages of "Belev" and "New Stav". At that time, according to popular speech, there was still "Stary Stav", located on the left side of Stubla on the road to Olyshva in the vicinity of the sanatorium, Klevanska Secondary School. It was, obviously, the oldest settlement of Novostava, and now it is its precinct.

In 1577, "Novyi Stav" as an estate of Ivan Czartoryiskyi paid Klevansky castle large in-kind duties from the apiary, pitch mill, grain grinding, fishing. Two years later, the "Novostav bridge" was mentioned, which was completely destroyed by the spring flood when the Stubelka overflowed.

According to the "lustration" of 1579, "Novostav" held three "gardens" of the Lutsk castle. The act of 1588 confirms the ownership of "New Stav" to Yuri Czartoryiskyi as a castle settlement with preferential duties.

At the end of 1603, an enterprise for the production of "turpentine", tar, resin was built in "Novy Stave" using foreign equipment.

During the war of liberation, in 1652, "Novostavetskoe estate" was completely devastated. Great damage was done to him by new punitive noble units. Then a large part of the peasants went to the Pinsk swamps.

According to data from 1779, Novostav is a "village" eparchically belonging to Klevan, which then had 89 yards and 789 inhabitants. A little later, "Yuridiko-Novostav" was formed - the northwestern outskirts of Klevan in the vicinity of the church.

According to the 1947 directory, Jurydiko-Novostav, which had a village council, was renamed Novostav.
**Telefe Internacional** is the international signal of Argentina's channel Telefe. It broadcasts television programs produced by Telefe, mostly consisting of telenovelas, series, comedies, teen and children's series, etc. It is available in Asia, America, Brazil, Europe, Canada, Oceania, Israel and Africa.

History
-------

**Telefe Internacional** was launched in 1998. It has been operating satellite television channels world-wide. This includes in Asia, America, Europe, Oceania, Canada and Israel. It broadcasts novels, series, entertainment, news and sports programming produced by Telefe, to Argentinian and Spanish-speaking people. It has only an international feed which has the time of Buenos Aires.

Outside Argentina
-----------------

### Latin America

In Latin America, it has been available on DirecTV since 2007. It is available in Colombia, Peru and Venezuela through Movistar TV, and in Mexico through Totalplay and Axtel TV, plus a handful cable and satellite operators. An HD simulcast is available on VTR in Chile and Movistar TV.

### Europe

In Spain, Telefe International is available in Movistar TV. In Israel, Hot has the signal since 2008, for the Hispanic community.

### In the US

In United States, it arrived in 2000. Now *Telefe International* is available nationwide via satellite services (Dish Network, and DirecTV) and in cable operators, (Comcast, Cablevision, etc.). It is present in New York City, Miami, Washington, D.C. New Jersey, Florida, Los Angeles, Boston and in other cities. 

### Canada

In Canada, Telus TV, Bell Satellite TV, Shaw Cable added the channel on April 16, 2015.

Programming
-----------

Telefe Internacional broadcasts news bulletins, sports news, soap operas, comedies, series, teen and children's series, entertainment programs, magazines, etc.

### Telenovelas

* *Graduados*
* *Dulce amor*
* *La Leona*
* *Somos Familia*
* *Montecristo*
* *Educando a Nina*

### Series

* *Aliados*
* *Historia Clínica*
* *Los Simuladores*
* *Historia de un clan*
* *Entre Caníbales*

### Entertainment

* *MasterChef Argentina*
* *Elegidos (La música en tus manos)*
* *Tu cara me suena*
* *La Voz Argentina*

### Children

* *Chiquititas*

### Magazines

* *Morfi, todos a la mesa*
* *Íntimo*

### News

* *Telefe Noticias*
* *El noticiero de la gente*
* *Staff de noticias*

### Sports

* *El Deportivo*

### Travels

* *Por El Mundo*
* *Aislados*
* *Descubrir América*

### Cultural

* *Sabores de Campo*
**Healthcare in Iran** has the public-governmental system, the private sector, and NGOs.

Total health spending was equivalent to 6% of GDP in Iran in 2017. About 90% of Iranians have some form of health insurance. Iran is also the only country with a legal organ trade. However, the legal character of organ donations is deemed to be a gifting of organs and not their sale and purchase.

In 2016, Bloomberg News ranked Iran 30th most efficient healthcare system ahead of the United States and Brazil.

Iran has developed public health preventive services with a Primary Health Care Network. Child and maternal mortality rates have fallen significantly, and life expectancy at birth has risen remarkably. Infant mortality was 28.6 in 1,000 live births and under-five mortality was 35.6 per 1,000 live births in 2000. In 1970 they were 122 per 1,000 and 191 per 1,000. Immunization of children is accessible to most of the urban and rural population.

It is a centre for cosmetic surgery. It was 12th in the world for the number of cosmetic surgery procedures in 2022. 320,000 were recorded. 80% are for women. Rhinoplasty is the most common. Babak Nikoumaram, chair of the Iranian Society of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgeons said. "Incongruous western beauty standards are forced upon Iranians." He says many operations are not counted. About 8.5% of plastic surgery clients in Iran came from other countries in 2022. The price is lower than in Western countries.
**Jacques Lambinon** (born 28 September 1936 in Namur and died in Liège on 14 November 2015) was a Belgian botanist. He was a professor at the University of Liège and member of the Royal Academy of Sciences, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium.

He is the main author of the *New Flora of Belgium, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Northern France and neighbouring regions* which is used by thousands of students.

He was a recognized specialist of:

* Taxonomy of the vascular plants of Western Europe and the Mediterranean basin,
* Nature conservation (especially problems of introduced and reintroduced plants), scientific popularization of botany, botanical nomenclature
* Vegetation-entomofauna relationships (cecidology, co-evolution, pollination ...)
* Mycology and lichenology,
* Radioecology

Among his very numerous functions, we can mention his role in the direction of the herbarium (Vascular plants) of the University of Liege.

He was a member of many scientific committees such as the Flore de Corse or the National Botanical Conservatory of Bailleul.

He was editor, proofreader and relentless proofreader, he was editorial secretary of "Lejeunia, Revue de Botanique", secretary of the Society for the Exchange of Vascular Plants of Europe and the Mediterranean Basin and correspondent (since 1983) of the Med-Checklist editorial committee (Geneva & Berlin).

* Leptochloa fusca (sive L parviflora (R.Br.)Verloove et Lambinon)Leptochloa fusca (sive L parviflora (R.Br.)Verloove et Lambinon)

Works
-----

* Serusiaux E. & J Lambinon 1994

Bacidia clauzadei sp.nov. une espèce nouvelle de lichen foliicole produisant des cils conidiogènes. Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Provence, 45:349-35

* Verloove F. & Lambinon J 2006

The non native vascular flora of Belgium Systematics and Geography of Plants 76: 217-220


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