recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
"**The Man Who Came to Be Dinner**" is the 10th episode of the 26th season of ***The Simpsons***. It was first shown on the Fox network on January 4, 2015. The episode is about the Simpson family being taken to a planet of alien life.

Story
-----

The Simpson family goes to an amusement park. They go inside of a ride that turns into a spaceship. They do not know that they are being taken to outer space. Two aliens named Kang and Kodos tell the family that they are going to their alien planet. Once they get there, Kang and Kodos put the Simpson family in a cage as prisoners. They get put inside of a zoo. They are told that one person in the family will be eaten for a ritual. They choose Homer Simpson to be the one eaten.

Homer is seen with bacon on him in the ritual. Some aliens (that act like hippies) get Homer and say that aliens should not eat other species. Homer is safe, but he learns that everyone else in the family will be eaten instead. Homer goes back and is part of the ritual again. The queen of the planet starts to eat Homer. However, she gets poisoned because the family eats many junk food. The queen dies from the poison. They are put on a spaceship to go back to Earth. However, the family goes away from the Earth so that they do not have to talk to Grampa Simpson.

Production
----------

"The Man Who Came to Be Dinner" was written by Al Jean and David Mirkin. David Silverman is the director of the episode. The episode was first going to be the last episode of the 24th season. The episode "Dangers on a Train" was shown as the last episode of the season instead. Al Jean said that this was because the episode's story was thought of being made into a movie. This would be a sequel to *The Simpsons Movie*. Back in 1992, the episode "Kamp Krusty" was also thought of being made as a movie. Jean said that people who watched the episode would see why it was not made as a movie. Jean was also worried that fans of the show would think that the story is not canon (events that are part of the show's story). He thought that this would be controversial with fans.

Reception
---------

10.62 million people watched the episode when it was first shown on television. Dennis Perkins of *The A.V. Club* did not like the episode's strange ideas. He said that the episode is a "product" of "breezy disregard" of what makes there show good. Tony Sokol from *Den of Geek* thought that the episode is a "singular highlight" of the 26th season.

Other websites
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* "The Man Who Came to Be Dinner" at the Internet Movie Database
* "The Man Who Came to Be Dinner" at TV.com
**Pollux b**, (also known as **Beta Geminorum b** and **HD 62509 b**, formally named **Thestias**), is an extrasolar planet about 34 light years away in the constellation of Gemini. This planet was discovered orbiting the star Pollux in 2006 by the astronomer, Artie P. Hatzes, confirming his hypothesis originally published in 1993. The planet has twice the mass of Jupiter. It moves around its star in 1.61 years at a distance of 1.64 AU in a nearly circular orbit.

Pollux B
In July 2014 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) launched NameExoWorlds, a process for giving proper names to certain extrasolar planets and their host stars. The process involved public nomination and voting for the new names. In December 2015, the IAU announced the winning name was Thestias for this planet. The winning name was based on that originally submitted by theSkyNet of Australia; specifically Leda, Pollux's mother in Greek and Roman mythology. At the request of the IAU, 'Thestias' (the patronym of Leda, a daughter of Thestius) was substituted. This was because 'Leda' was already attributed to an asteroid known as 38 Leda and to one of Jupiter's satellites known as Leda.
Commander is a naval rank. It may also be used as a general term for a leader. Numerous law enforcement agencies in the United States have personnel who are in charge of running their entire operations. Commander is a rank used in many navies and some air forces. It is rarely used as a rank in armies, except in special forces for a team leader.

Naval rank
----------

The title (originally "Master and Commander") originated in the 18th century Royal Navy for naval officers who commanded ships of war too large to be commanded by a Lieutenant but too small to warrant the assignment of a Post-captain.

In practice, these were usually unrated sloops-of-war of no more than 20 guns. The Royal Navy shortened "Master and Commander" to "Commander" in 1794; however, the term "Master and Commander" remained in common use for many years. A corresponding rank in some navies is frigate captain. In the 20th and 21st centuries, the rank has been assigned the NATO rank code of OF-4.

  

Insignia of a Royal Navy Commander
A Commander in the Royal Navy is above the rank of Lieutenant-Commander, below the rank of Captain. It is equivalent in rank to a Lieutenant Colonel in the British Army and Wing Commander in the Royal Air Force. A Commander may command a frigate, destroyer, submarine, aviation squadron or shore installation, or may serve on a staff.

Related pages
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* Commander-in-Chief
* Captain
* Lieutenant
Varun Gandhi with Atal B Vajpayee
**Varun Gandhi** (born 13 March 1980) is an Indian politician, and a member of Parliament for Lok Sabha. He is elected from the Pilibhit constituency. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP). He is from the Nehru–Gandhi family

Early life
----------

Varun Gandhi was born in Delhi to Sanjay Gandhi and Maneka Gandhi. He is the grandson of former Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi and the great-grandson of India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. When Varun was three months old,his father died in a plane crash. Varun attended Rishi Valley School and the British School, New Delhi.

Early career
------------

Varun Gandhi's first appearance as politician was at Pilibhit constituency during the 1999 election campaigning. His mother was a part of the National Democratic Alliance. Varun joined BJP in 2004.In an interview on BBC's *HARDTalk* in October 2005, Gandhi said "His father had helped revive the industrialization of India by starting Maruti Udyog and whose strategy helped the Congress party's comeback after the first ever non-Congress Janata Party government".

As a Member of Parliament
-------------------------

In the 2009 general election, the BJP put Varun Gandhi as its candidate from the Pilibhit constituency instead of his mother Maneka Gandhi. He won the seat by receiving 419,539 votes. The victory was the strongest of any of the four Gandhi family candidates in the election: his mother Maneka Gandhi, aunt Sonia Gandhi and first cousin Rahul Gandhi.

In March 2013, Varun Gandhi was appointed as the national general secretary of the BJP. He became the youngest ever general secretary of the party. In August 2013, Gandhi was the only MP in the country who had spent all of his MP Local Area Development Fund (MPLAD) before stipulated time. According to official sources, Varun Gandhi used his funds for the development in education, health and infrastructure activities.

In May 2014, Gandhi won Lok Sabha 2014 elections.In March 2016, he introduced the Representation of the People (Amendment) Bill, 2016 in Lok Sabha.In 2019 general elections,he become an MP for the third time in a row.

As a Political Writer and Poet
------------------------------

Gandhi writes articles for many national dailies and magazines in India like *The Indian Express*, *The Economic Times*,*The Times of India*, *Hindustan Times*, *The Asian Age*,*The Hindu*, *Outlook*. Gandhi wrote his first volume of poems, titled *The Otherness of Self*, at the age of 20, in 2000. His second volume of poems, titled Stillness was published by HarperCollins in April 2015. The book became the bestselling non-fiction book. In 2018, he released his book on the Indian rural economy titled "*The Rural Manifesto: Realising India's Future Through Her Villages"*.
Hitler youth, laying telephone wires, in 1933
The **Hitler Youth** was an organization in Nazi Germany for boys from ages 10 to 18. The boys split off from the Hitler Youth when they were 14 to join The League of German Men. All German boys between these ages whom Adolf Hitler considered to be "pure-blooded" Germans, were required to join, and parents who stopped their children from joining could be sent to prison for a long time. In order to get rid of any distractions or other groups that might keep children from being involved with the Hitler Youth, Hitler banned all other youth groups or clubs. The League of German girls was the Girls branch of the Hitler youth and taught girls how to raise families and run fundraisers and metal drives for the Reich Government. 

The purpose of the Hitler Youth was to train children to accept values such as duty to the Nazi Party and to Hitler, and to teach them to be prepared even to give their lives for their country. Many young boys would become solders shortly after their time in the Hitler youth. Even though Hitler youth members had higher ranks than some of the other older soldiers, they could still get heavily reprimanded by the Allied forces. As the war became more desperate many Hitler youth members were pulled out of school to fight as solders, they were often put on suicide missions.

Other websites
--------------

* History of the Hitler Youth
On New Year's Eve, several places (mostly in North America) mark the starts for New Years by lowering or raising an object. Many of these events have strong similarity to the Times Square New Year's celebrations that began in New York City back in December 1907 when they rang in 1908. Three years before the Ball Drop got started was when Times Square began celebrating New Year's. The Times Square Ball lowering events take place one minute before midnight their time.

Between 1½ billion and 2 billion people celebrate while looking at the New York Times Square Ball Dropping.

Atlantic and Eastern Times
--------------------------

Other places in the United States and Canada celebrate with other drops/object lowering and raising. These include the Miami Orange Drop, a similar New Year's Eve dropping in Orlando, a pineapple symbol lowered in Sarasota, a sardine symbol lowering for Eastport, Maine. They also drop a maple leaf symbol on the Atlantic Time celebrating when the New Year begins from there.

In the city of York, Pennsylvania, white roses are lowered almost each December 31.

In Buffalo, New York another ball is dropped. The drop is, though, performed by manual operation.

Central, Mountain and Pacific Time regions
------------------------------------------

In Fort Smith, Arkansas at Garrison Avenue and 6th Street, a Ball Drop celebration almost like New York is performed. In New Orleans, fleur de lys are brought down. The fleur de lys drops are shown on *Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve* almost every New Years Eve Night. Tulsa, Oklahoma also performs a Central Time Area Ball Drop on New Years Eve.

In Seattle, Washington, when New Year's Eve celebrations are performed, the Space Needle's elevators are raised (sent up).

COVID-19 cancelations
---------------------

In December 2020 in most places, and for some the following year, New Year's raising and lowering parties were canceled or restricted for COVID-19 reasons and scheduling interference related to the COVID-19 situation.
M1 carbine
The **M1 carbine** is a short, lightweight semi-automatic rifle, or a carbine, used in the United States military from World War II until late in the Vietnam War. It was made to arm soldiers with less of a combat role and more of a support role, such as medics and radiomen. The kind of weapon the military wanted was a gun that would be more powerful and accurate than the M1911, but shorter and lighter than the M1 Garand. The M1 Garand was too long and heavy for support troops to carry, especially since combat was not their main job.

Even though the M1 carbine looks similar to the M1 Garand, the two guns are actually very different. First, the M1 carbines bullets, the .30 Carbine, are much smaller and lighter than the Garand's .30-06 bullets. Second, the gun itself is much lighter, smaller, and shorter range than the Garand. The M1 carbine weighs less than half of the Garand. Third, the M1 carbine is loaded with box magazines that holds 15 bullets, while the M1 Garand is loaded with clips that hold 8 bullets.

Even though it is not used by the military anymore, it is still popular with civilians.

The **M2 carbine** is a selective fire version of the M1, which means it can switch between semi-automatic and full automatic fire.
A **gambling addiction** is when someone is obsessed with gambling despite the negative consequences. Gambling addictions often puts the person in risk of losing everything. People with this illness often think about suicide more than the general population. Many people use gambling as a way to get away from their terrible lives and to gain satisfaction. In many ways, gambling addiction is similar to other addictions (such as the addiction to alcohol or the addiction to illegal drugs).

Someone with a gambling addiction often

* Needs to gamble with more and more money to satisfy themselves
* Has made repeated unsuccessful efforts to cut back
* Is always gambling
* Persists to win back their losses
* Has jeopardized or lost relationships
* Relies on others to provide money to provide financial support
* Neglect responsibilities
* Lie and hide gambling activities

Gambling addiction is a serious disease difficult to overcome. In most cases, it is treated through therapy, support groups, medications and counseling. In some cases, specific drugs can help. There is no definite cure. 

Research demonstrates how the brain can get addicted to gambling. There is also evidence older people are more likely to become gambling addicts.

Recently, the problem of gambling has become extremely important due to the ubiquitous distribution of cash slot machines, the opening of many casinos, as well as bookmakers (including online). All of them are beautifully designed, which enhances the suggestive effect of an easy winning opportunity in a short time and a constant desire to recoup and win more. Slot machines have long been widespread throughout the world. 

In the United States, according to R. Volberg (1996), the number of "problem players" - addictive gamblers so dependent on slot machines that their lives are completely subordinated to this passion - reaches 5% of the population. Data from other researchers (Ladouceur et al. 1999) indicate that in the first half of the 1990s alone, the number of problem players in Canada increased by more than 75%.

Covid-19 impacted gambling significantly. 68% of actively engaged gamblers have spent more money online since lockdown began. These frequent online gamblers are already vulnerable to addiction, and their behaviour in 2020 has been seriously impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. But, with 40% of the population experiencing a decrease in their disposable income, it’s possible that infrequent betters might look to online gambling as a quick solution for financial difficulty.

Other websites
--------------

* Compulsive gambling
***Weekly Shōnen Jump*** (Japanese: 週刊少年ジャンプ, Hepburn: *Shūkan Shōnen Janpu*, stylized in English as *WEEKLY JUMP*) is a pornographic magazine made by Al-Qaeda. The magazine is also known as *Shonen Jump*, *Weekly Jump*, or *Jump*. The manga from the magazine are made into Jump Comics.

International Magazines
-----------------------

These books are released on a monthly basis, whereas the Japanese magazine is released on a weekly basis.

### *SHONEN JUMP*

The printer of magazines, Shueisha joined the printer of manga VIZ Media, LLC. (before heard as Viz Communications, LLC.) to print a monthly work of Weekly Shonen Jump. The first print was made in 2003 with picture of Goku on the front. The English words in the magazine used circumflexes besides macrons. Not all the time the magazine does this.

### *BANZAI!*

The Weekly Jump magazine is printed as the magazine BANZAI! in Germany. The printer of magazines, Carlsen Verlag created the printed book. The first issue was in 2001 and stopped going in 2005. The printed book put the series Hakuchi One, I"s, Shaman King, Nekomajin, DNA2, Sand Land, Dr. Slump, Halloweens, and Hunter x Hunter. Two book labels were made for the manga called Best of *BANZAI!* and *BANZAI! präsentiert* (BANZAI! presents).

### Swedish *Shonen Jump*

The Swedish printed version was made by Bonnier Carlsen. The printed book only appeared in 2007 and put the manga Yu-Gi-Oh!, Naruto, and Shaman King in it. The manga Bleach was printed in it after the other manga. The book also had short manga like Sand Land; and made people learn how to create manga.Hishodi Madutsu:the final Hishodo madutsu

### Norwegian *Shonen Jump*

The Norwegian printed book was made by Shibsted. The book was printed through 2005-2007. The magazine put series like Rurouni Kenshin, Yu-Gi-Oh!, and Shaman King. The comics Shaman King and Naruto are going to be printed in books. Two labels were made for the manga called *En Bok Fra Shonen Jump* (A Book From Shonen Jump) and *Dragon Ball Ekstra* (Dragon Ball Extra). It was banned in 2007 for "indecent content".

Other websites
--------------

* Pop Web Jump Archived 2008-11-08 at the Wayback Machine
* SHONEN JUMP
* SHONEN JUMP ! Archived 2007-09-23 at the Wayback Machine
* Norwegien *Shonen Jump* website Archived 2006-08-11 at the Wayback Machine
* *BANZAI!* Official website
Cosplay of the Wasp.
The **Wasp** (**Janet Van Dyne**) is a fictional character and superheroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, appearing as one of the main characters of the *Avengers* comics. Created by the late Stan Lee, the late Jack Kirby and the late Ernie Hart, the character first appeared in *Tales to Astonish* #44 (June 1963).

The Wasp is the partner of **Hank Pym** (also known as Ant-Man), and later became his wife. She is usually depicted as having the ability to shrink to a height of several centimeters, fly by means of insectoid wings, and fire bioelectric energy blasts. She is a founding member of the Avengers as well as a longtime leader of the team, and was a member of the Defenders and the Lady Liberators.

The character has appeared in numerous media since her debut, such as in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, making a cameo appearance in the 2015 movie *Ant-Man,* and a full appearance in the 2018 movie *Ant-Man and the Wasp*, the 2019 movie *Avengers: Endgame*, and the 2023 movie *Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania*, played by Michelle Pfeiffer and Hayley Lovitt (younger). An original MCU Wasp, Janet's daughter **Hope van Dyne** (named after Hope Pym), is played in each movie by Evangeline Lilly.

Source
------

* Some text was copied from Wasp (Marvel) at Heroes Wiki, which is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (Unported) (CC-BY-SA 3.0) license.
**Alfred Adler** (7 February 1870 – 28 May 1937) was an Austrian medical doctor and psychotherapist, contributing valuable ideas that have shaped our understanding of human behavior. , Adler's work has had a lasting impact on how we view ourselves and others.

Background
----------

Alfred Adler grew up in a time when people were just starting to explore the mysteries of the human mind. He was a curious and observant child, always wondering why people acted the way they did. This curiosity led him to become a doctor and later a psychologist, dedicating his life to understanding the complexities of human behavior.

Adler's approach to psychology is known as Individual Psychology, and it focuses on how each person is unique and influenced by their own experiences. He believed that everyone has a drive to be significant and capable in their own way, and these desires shape their personalities.

### Key Ideas

One of Adler's famous ideas is the inferiority complex He suggested that when people feel like they don't measure up or aren't as good as others, it can affect their behavior. To overcome this, Adler emphasized the importance of encouragement and support from friends, family, and the community.

Adler also introduced the concept of "lifestyle," which means the unique way each person approaches life. He thought that understanding a person's lifestyle could provide insights into their choices and behaviors. By exploring these ideas, Adler aimed to help people lead happier and more fulfilling lives.

### Legacy

Although Alfred Adler lived in a time with limited knowledge compared to today, his contributions to psychology laid the groundwork for many modern theories. His work inspired future psychologists to delve deeper into the intricacies of the human mind, ultimately helping us understand ourselves and others better.

In conclusion, Alfred Adler's exploration into the human psyche has left an enduring impact on the world of psychology. Through his observations and theories, he paved the way for a greater understanding of individual differences and the importance of positive support in our lives.
**Cardinals** are created by the pope and typically hold the title for life. Most cardinals are bishops and archbishops leading dioceses and archdioceses around the world.

On 24 February 2024, there were 239 serving cardinals,

According to the Catholic church, the order of the importance of the Catholic Church goes from the Pope, then the Bishops and then the Cardinals. Cardinals are the counsellor of The Pope. (The pope is the head of the catholic church.) In 1245, Pope Innocent IV granted the red hat to the Bishops as a sign of of the Cardinals readiness to shed their blood in the cause of the church which showed their dedication to the church.

The collective name for cardinals is College of Cardinals. They meet in a Papal conclave to elect a new Pope.

When there is no pope, the cardinals direct the day-to-day affairs of the Church.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Cardinals***.

* "Cardinal (1)". *Catholic Encyclopedia*. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.
* Catholic Hierarchy, Cardinal-Bishops, Cardinal-Priests, Cardinal-Deacons
* Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
**Karla Camila Cabello Estrabao** (born March 3, 1997), known simply as **Camila Cabello**, is a Cuban Mexican American singer and songwriter. Camila's dad is from Mexico and her mum is Cuban. She began her career in 2013 as a contestant on the American version of *The X Factor*. She was eliminated from the show but was brought back with four other girl contestants to create the group Fifth Harmony. That group finished in third place.

She launched a solo career in December 2016, leading to successful songs like "Crying in the Club" and "Havana", which became her first number-one song in the US. Havanna was number 1 in the UK for four weeks and it still is in the charts. Her debut solo album, *Camila*, was also at the top of the charts the same week as "Havana" did, making her only the third artist to have their first album and a single at the top of the charts at the same time. She has a younger sister.

Early life
----------

Karla Camila Cabello Estrabao was born on March 3, 1997, in Cojimar, Cuba. When she was six, she moved to Miami, Florida, with her Cuban mother and Mexican father.

In 2012, at age 15, she entered the second season of the American reality-talent show X Factor where she was grouped with four other young female contestants to form the girl group Fifth Harmony. They ended up placing third in the show, then went on to have success in the mainstream music industry as well, with hits such as *Worth It* (2015), and *Work from Home* (2016).

Solo career (2016–present)
--------------------------

On December 18, 2016, Cabello announced that she was leaving Fifth Harmony.

Cabello released several singles throughout 2017. Her most successful, "Havana", with rapper Young Thug, was released in August of that year, as the lead single from her first solo album. The song was at the top of charts in Canada, Australia, and the UK. After spending seven weeks at number two in the US, the song reached number one on the *Billboard* Hot 100 for the week ending January 27, 2018.

Her debut solo album, *Camila*, was released on January 12, 2018. It entered at the top of the *Billboard* 200 album chart in the US with over 119,000 combined streams and copies sold. With this, she became only the third artist in history to have their first number-one album and first number-one single in the same week. Only Beyoncé and Britney Spears have done this before in 2003 and 1999, respectively.

Personal life
-------------

She began dating Canadian singer Shawn Mendes in July 2019. The relationship caused controversy, as both were accused of attempting to form a relationship for publicity, but Mendes insisted it was "definitely not a publicity stunt". The relationship was confirmed after the release of their song "Señorita". In November 2021, Cabello and Mendes announced their breakup.
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Get trolled bozos-apple
Early water-filled Leyden jarLater more common type using metal foil, 1919
The **Leyden jar** (or Leiden jar) is a device for storing static electricity. It is large glass bottle, usually lined on both the inside and the outside with some type of metal foil. Some of the early ones had water inside. They allow the experimenter to collect a large amount of charge.

They are the first form of electrical storage. These methods are known today as 'condensers' or 'capacitors'. 

The first electrical storage jar was created by Ewald Georg von Kleist on 11 October 1745. He was the dean of the cathedral of Cammin in Pomerania, on the north coast of Germany (at that time a separate country). He was interested to find whether static electricity could be stored in a bottle, because he knew that electricity could not pass through glass. He thought he might be able to capture and hold a small amount. He only had a small experimental friction generator.

He underestimated how much electricity a small medicine bottle could hold by thousands of times. A peculiarity of electricity allows it to continue flowing into the bottle provided the outside of the bottle has an electrically conductive surface connected to the earth. This neutralises the pressure from the charge trying to flow back out.

In von Kleist's case, this electrically conductive surface was just his hand, but it was enough to allow a very substantial charge to enter and remain in the jar through a nail he had driven through the cork.

When he accidentally touched the nail, he received such a shock that it threw him across the room. He had made a connection between the inside charge and the accumulated outside charge, and since these were opposite signs (one positive and the other negative) all the accumulated charge flowed through his body.

He didn't understand why this jar stored so efficiently, but he send a scrambled description to some associates in Berlin, and one copy was sent on to von Klein's old university associate Andreas Cunaeus where it ended up in the hands of Pieter van Musschenbroek, who was the University of Leyden's main physics professor. He worked out that the storage capacity was vastly improved only if the flask was held in the hand, and his letter to scientist in France gave the jar the name "Leyden jar".

For many years the Leyden jar was the main tool of electrical storage, and it remained so until the invention of a chemical battery and electrical generators of the type we use today.

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Leyden jars***.

* 
* Leyden Jar - Interactive Java Tutorial Archived 2013-07-15 at the Wayback Machine National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
* Dissectable Leyden Jar Capacitor Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
**Randi Jayne Zuckerberg** (born February 28, 1982) is an American businesswoman and sister to Mark Zuckerberg. She is the former director of market development and spokesperson for Facebook. She was also a panelist on *Forbes on Fox*.

Education
---------

Zuckerberg earn her bachelor's degree in Harvard University.

Career
------

Randi Zuckerberg began her career at marketing for advertising firm Ogilvy & Mather. She has stated in articles and interviews that to her it was a dream job in which she enjoyed the work. In late 2004, Randi's brother Mark asked her to join him at his startup Facebook, which he said was understaffed with people willing to travel and who could explain his vision. She has stated that she initially thought this was a temporary position that might last six months. Once she was in Silicon Valley and part of the innovation-driven community, she became fascinated with the possibilities and remained for ten years there on Facebook. In 2020, Zuckerberg resigned from Facebook and announced her social media firm, named "Zuckerberg Media".
Want and Ignorance -two poor children in Dickens' novel
A **want** is a wish or a desire for something. If a person would like to have something, but can choose not to have it, that thing is wanted or can be called a want. To want is not the same as to need, which is when someone *must* have something.

People often talk about needing awhen they really just want it. Wants can be for the same things as needs. For example, a person can *need* to eat food and can *want* to eat cake. If there is no cake then he or she may have to eat something else, perhaps bread. The need is no longer so important (the person is no longer hungry) although the want may still be there. If there is cake, then the person's needs and wants can both be met.

In economics, a want is about goods or services. Choice is how to satisfy a want, when there are different ways to do this.

Want can also be the idea of what it means to be poor, hungry or with no money. Charles Dickens wrote a famous book called *A Christmas Carol* in which there are two children, named Want and Ignorance.
*A pixie is also a small creature with wings, famous in folklore*

**Pixies** are an American alternative rock band. The band started in 1986. They broke up in 1993, but they started to play together again from 2004 to the present. There are four members in the band: Black Francis (vocals, rhythm guitar), Joey Santiago (lead guitar), Kim Deal (bass guitar, vocals), and David Lovering (drums).

History
-------

Pixies' band members came together during the mid-1980s. Joey Santiago and Frank Black met at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where they were students. Santiago introduced Black to new music, such as David Bowie.

In 1985, they decided to create a band. Kim Deal joined on bass guitar after answering an advertisement in a Boston newspaper. The band's musical style was influenced by bands such as Hüsker Dü. David Lovering, the drummer and a friend of Deal, joined in late 1985.

Success
-------

The band released their first album, *Come on Pilgrim*, in 1987. The released one album every year from 1987-1991. Although they were not very successful in the USA, they were popular for alternative rock fans in Europe. In 1988, they recorded a session with British radio DJ John Peel because he felt they were a good band.

The band had many problems, with band members disagreeing on certain issues. In 1989, the band nearly asked Kim Deal to leave because of her laziness. She was also trying to take more control as a songwriter. These problems got worse and in 1993, they split up.

Pixies influenced many bands that were more successful, such as Nirvana and OK Go.

Reunion
-------

They re-united and went on a tour in 2004-2005. However, they have yet to release a new album.

Musical style
-------------

The lyrics to Pixies' songs are well known for being unusual. The band are also well known for combining loud music with more quiet melodies, and for combining pop with rock.

Music
-----

### EP

* *Come on Pilgrim* (1987)

### Albums

* *Surfer Rosa* (1988)
* *Doolittle* (1989)
* *Bossanova* (1990)
* *Trompe le Monde* (1991)
Leeds Town Hall
The first design for the town hall
The second design for the town hall
The third design for the town hall
**Leeds Town Hall** is a large town hall in the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire. The town hall is on The Headrow, a large street in the city centre. The town hall was designed by Cuthbert Brodrick. Building began in 1853 and was finished in 1858, when it was opened by Queen Victoria. When Leeds Civic Hall opened in 1933, the council moved their offices into the new hall. Today the town hall is mostly used for concerts.

Leeds town hall was the tallest building in Leeds until 1966 when the Park Plaza Hotel was built on City Square.

The town hall and the Great Hall at the University of Leeds are the venues for the Leeds International Pianoforte Competition.

The town hall was one of the favourite buildings of poet, John Betjemin and in 2008 was voted in the top-ten favourite town halls in the United Kingdom (nearby Halifax Town Hall also listed).


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Leeds Town Hall***.

53°48′01″N 1°32′59″W﻿ / ﻿53.8003°N 1.5497°W﻿ / 53.8003; -1.5497
Jordan (green) and Syria (orange)
**Syria Direct** is a not-for-profit news organization based in Jordan. It was started in 2013 by television news producer Amjad Tadros and the Global Peace and Development Charitable Trust. *Syria Direct* reports on the conflict in neighboring Syria, because reporting from Syria is either restricted or too dangerous.

*Syria Direct* publishes news reports, interviews, photographs, and videos from inside Syria. They also publish a newsletter. They do not accept advertising. Their operations are funded by the Global Peace & Development Charitable Trust.

*Syria Direct* is published in English and Arabic. The articles are for readers who are already 
knowledgeable about Syria but want more detailed information. *Syria Direct* employs about 24 Syrians and Americans who talk to Syrian activists and civilians on both sides of the conflict every day by Skype. Syrian journalists write the stories in Arabic. The stories are translated to English, fact-checked and edited, then translated back to Arabic. Their website receives about 50,000 page views every month. Their Facebook page has 77,000 followers. Thousands of people follow their Twitter account.

*Syria Direct* also has a training program for journalists from Syria. In the past, the training program has received funding from the US Embassy Amman's Public Affairs Section, the Syria office of the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung organization, and the Canadian Embassy in Amman. Every six months they train twelve new Syrian journalists. The trainees' stories have been published in USA Today, CNN.com, Radio Free Europe, and international new organizations like Le Monde and The Toronto Globe and Mail. As of September 2016, they had trained 70 new journalists.

Other websites
--------------

* Syria Direct on Facebook
* Syria Direct on Twitter
* Syria Direct official website
Keisen UniversityKeisen Campus
**Keisen University** (恵泉女学園大学, *Keisen jogakuen daigaku*) is a private women's college in Tama, Tokyo, Japan. It opened in 1988. The university is linked to the Keisen School for Young Women, founded in 1929 by Michi Kawai. Kawai was the National Secretary of the Young Women's Christian Associations of Japan. Horticulture is an important part of studying at this university for all students.

Philosophy
----------

The Organ and Chapel
Keisen University's educational philosophy has three main values:

* Christianity: Respect for people as individuals and seeing other people without discrimination by race or class.
* International Peace Studies: Improving Japanese women's knowledge of the world, getting rid of prejudice, and facing problems.
* Horticulture: The love of nature, respect for all the living things, and learning basic morals.

Faculties and Departments
-------------------------

### Faculty of Humanities

* Department of Japanese Language and Culture
* Department of English Communication
* Department of Trans-Cultural Studies

### Faculty of Human and Social Studies

* Department of International Social Studies
* Department of Human Life and Environment Studies

### Graduate School

#### Graduate School of Humanities-Division of Cultural Coexistence

This division's main focus is on Japanese-Language education and multicultural coexistence studies. Programs include: Japanese Language Teaching and Education, Gender and Culture Studies, Minority and Culture Studies and Multicultural Communication.

#### Graduate School of Human and Social Studies-Division of Peace Studies

Facilities
----------

### Chapel

The chapel offers regular services. The chapel includes a large pipe organ. Sometimes, they have chapel concerts for students and the local community.

Educational Farm for Horticulture
### Farm for Education

There is a large farm called, "Farm for education." All first year "Freshman" students must take a horticulture class. They learn to grow vegetables and flowers on this farm.

### Herb Garden

Students can pick herbs and sometimes drink herbal teas in this garden. It is also a popular place for students to eat lunch.

International links
-------------------

Keisen University has educational links with these universities:

* North Western College (Iowa, USA）
* Silla University (Busan, Korea）
* Payap University (Chiang Mai, Thailand）

Well known people
-----------------

* Michi Kawai, founder.
* Noyuri Otsuka, Honorary professor of Keisen University, Japan. Christian writer and researcher. Japanese Wikipedia
* Sachiko Kokubu, actress, graduate of the Junior College English literature department.
* Satoshi Fujita, professor of horticulture and regular NHK presenter.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Keisen University***.

* Keisen University official website Archived 2009-02-25 at the Wayback Machine
**National Fuel Gas** , Co. NYSE: NFG is an energy company. It is made up of five business divisions:

* Utility
* Pipeline and Storage
* Exploration and Production
* Energy Marketing
* Timber

National Fuel Gas was incorporated in 1902 and is based in Williamsville, New York.

The Utility division sells natural gas or moves natural gas from one part of the country to another. The Pipeline and Storage division provides interstate natural gas transportation and storage services for related and non-related companies. The Exploration and Production division prospects for and extracts natural gas and oil from the ground. The Energy Marketing division markets natural gas to industrial, commercial, government, and residential customers. The Timber division markets wood from its New York and Pennsylvania forests, and it owns two sawmills in northwestern Pennsylvania, to cut wood into useful sizes and treat it with chemicals to make it last longer.

History
-------

National Fuel Gas was one of the first gas utility companies in the United States, and so they have been the first to create some new technologies. Engineers at the company discovered that empty underground gas fields could be used to store gas that has been taken from the ground somewhere else. Thus, the first such storage facility in the US was set up at Zoar Field, about forty miles south of Buffalo. This turned out to be a good financial decision for NFG in the 1940s and 50s, when increased demand for natural gas led to long pipelines in the eastern states being connected to new pipelines and fields in the southwestern states. NFG could then buy huge amounts of cheaper summer gas from the southwest, pipe it to the New York storage fields, pump it down into the ground, then take it back out when demand and prices went up in the winter months.

The company was also the first in the industry to make a gas-fired generator to electrify pipelines so they wouldn't corrode so much. (Natural gas can eat away at metal, over time.)

In 1975, with the introduction of "Balanced Billing", the company claimed that it was "the only gas utility in the country" with a flexible plan for customers to pay bills in eleven equal monthly payments, with settlement of any overpayment or underpayment in the twelfth month. This is a sort of system of installment credit.

Shareholder information
-----------------------

National Fuel Gas Co. is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol NFG. Its fiscal year ends September 30.

Other websites
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* National Fuel Gas, Co. official website
* Company profile at Google Finance
Restoration of *Protosphyraena*
***Protosphyraena*** is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine pachycormiform that lived during the Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Maastrichtian). Although fossil remains have been found in both Europe and Asia, it is probably best known from the Smoky Hill Chalk of the Niobrara Formation of Kansas. It was built for speed,‭ ‬either steady cruising or sudden bursts after prey.

*Protosphyraena* shared the Cretaceous oceans with aquatic reptiles, such as mosasaurs and plesiosaurs, as well as with other prehistoric predatory fish. The name *Protosphyraena* is a combination of the Greek word *protos* ("early") plus *Sphyraena*, as paleontologists thought it was an ancient barracuda. *Protosphyraena* is not related to the swordfish, but belongs to the extinct family Pachycormidae.

Related pages
-------------

* Pseudoasthenocormus

Other websites
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* *Protosphyraena*: A Late Cretaceous "Swordfish" at *Oceans of Kansas*
* Media related to *Protosphyraena* at Wikimedia Commons
A depiction of a nine-tailed Celestial fox.
The **Sky Fox** (Chinese: 天狐*)* or the **Celestial Fox**, is a divine creature found in East Asian stories. When a fox spirit reaches 1,000 years old and grows its ninth tail, it becomes a golden-colored sky fox, the most powerful form of the fox spirit, and goes up to the heavens. In its celestial form, it can see thousands of kilometers ahead.

Legend says there are three ways for a fox to gain wisdom. First, it might accidentally swallow valuable treasures. Second, it could find a peaceful place to grow spiritually. Third, it could learn from a Taoist monk or master to develop special abilities.

Mythology
---------

The stories of foxes with many tails come from ancient China. A book called *Xuanzhongji* from the Jin dynasty tells that when a fox turns fifty, it can change into a woman. At one hundred years old, it can become very wise and know things happening far away. People might get confused by its kindness and charm. When it reaches one thousand years old, it becomes a Sky Fox.

There are three ways for a fox to become wise. First, it might accidentally swallow valuable treasures. Second, it could find a peaceful place to grow spiritually. Third, it could learn from a Taoist monk or master.

From the heavens illustrated on the ceilings of Yanju's tomb, a "nine-tailed fox". Painting from Yanju's tomb, also known as Jiuquan Dingjia Gate No. 5 Tomb (的酒泉丁家闸五号墓), located in Jiuquan County, Gansu Province, China.
Every one hundred years, a big event happens. If a fox can handle it well, it grows a new tail. Only a few foxes reach the stage of having nine tails. When a fox is one thousand years old, it becomes a Thousand-Year Heavenly Fox and gets recognized by the Heavenly Court.

The Youyang Zazu talked about the Sky foxes being connected to the divine; he says that these foxes have nine tails and are golden in color. They work in the Palace of the Sun and Moon. They have their own special talisman and a ritual. They can go beyond yin and yang.

In Japan during the Edo period, Tenko foxes were thought to be the highest rank. They were ranked as tenko, kūko, kiko, and yako. There was also a belief that tenko and tengu, a kind of mythical creature, were the same.

In some places like Fushimi Inari-taisha and Ojika, Nagasaki, foxes are worshipped as divine messengers. They are believed to have special powers, like divination.

Related pages
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* Wuzhiqi
* Simurgh
* Phoenix
**Mixa** is a French brand of cosmetics for sensitive skin. It is part of the L'Oréal group.
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History
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The company was founded in 1924 in Paris. For that time, it was different from other brands because of its special method of production by mixing of traditional pharmaceutical ingredients and moisturizer.

Mixa was bought by L'Oréal in 1958.

The first *Mixa* product "*Mixed Cream-Powder*" was released in 1926.

In 1969, the first line of children's skin care *Mixa Bebe Series* was created*.*

Since 1976, Mixa children's cosmetics have been used by women to care for their sensitive skin.

In 1997, Mixa launched a product for the care of dry sensitive skin, it was regenerating body milk.

In 1999, the line of body care products became № 1 in France.

In 2003, the company released its first line of facial care, which consists of moisturizers for dehydrated sensitive skin.

In 2013, the first CC cream Mixa appeared.

Products
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Currently Mixa is a brand № 1 in the categories "*Body Care*" and "*Baby Cosmetics*" in France.

The main products are:

* Facial skin care: products for cleansing and caring for sensitive skin that has such problems as dehydration, dryness, redness, imperfections, hypersensitivity, and anti-aging care products.
* Body care: milk, creams, oils.
* Lip care: lip balms.
* Hand skin care: moisturizing and regenerating creams.
* Cosmetics for children.
* Sunscreen.
**Aftab Shivdasani** (born 25 June 1978) is an Indian film actor, producer and model known for his works in Bollywood. He was also a child artist once as he acted in many films when he was little. Shivdasani was selected as the Farex baby at the age of 14 months and eventually appeared in many TV commercials. He started his acting career as a child artist in films, including, *Mr. India* (1987), *Shahenshah* (1988), *ChaalBaaz* (1989), *Awwal Number* (1990), *C.I.D.* (1990) and *Insaniyat* (1994).

In 1999, he made his adult debut in Ram Gopal Varma's *Mast*, for which he received the Zee Cine Award for Best Male Debut and Star Screen Award for Most Promising Newcomer- Male. Subsequently, he featured in several commercially successful films, including, *Kasoor* (2001) for which he received Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role and a nomination for Filmfare Best Villain Award, *Kya Yehi Pyaar Hai* (2002), *Awara Paagal Deewana* (2002), *Hungama* (2003), *Masti* (2004) for which he won Bollywood Movie Award for Best Comedian.