recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**High Efficiency Video Coding** ,HEVC (H.265), also known as MPEG-H Part 2, is a video compression standard succeeding AVC (H.264). It offers 25-50% better compression or improved quality at the same bit rate. Supporting up to 8K resolution, HEVC employs diverse block sizes (4x4 to 32x32) with both integer DCT and DST. HEIF is based on HEVC.

Concept
-------

HEVC builds upon H.264/MPEG-4 AVC concepts. Both analyze video frames for redundancies within and between frames. Redundant parts are replaced with concise descriptions. HEVC enhances this by expanding comparison areas up to 64x64 pixels, refining variable-block-size segmentation, enhancing "intra" prediction within frames, improving motion prediction and compensation, and adding sample-adaptive offset filtering. These improvements increase compression processing, but decompression is less affected.

HEVC was standardized by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC), a collaboration between ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T Study Group 16 VCEG. It's known as MPEG-H Part 2 by ISO/IEC and as H.265 by ITU-T. The first version was ratified in January 2013 and published in June 2013. The second version, including multiview, range, and scalability extensions, was approved in 2014 and published in 2015. 3D and screen content coding extensions followed in 2015 and 2017 respectively, catering to graphics-rich content. In 2017, HEVC received a Primetime Emmy Engineering Award for its significant impact on television technology.

History
-------

HEVC was collaboratively developed by over a dozen global organizations. Key patent contributors were Samsung Electronics (4,249 patents), General Electric (1,127 patents), M&K Holdings (907 patents), NTT (878 patents), and JVC Kenwood (628 patents). Additional patent holders include Fujitsu, Apple, Canon, Columbia University, KAIST, Kwangwoon University, MIT, Sungkyunkwan University, Funai, Hikvision, KBS, KT, and NEC.
**Hadith rejectors** are Muslims who reject the authority of the hadiths. They believe a great number of the so-called sound hadiths are no longer defensible in modern discussions, that hadiths contradict the Qur'an, while others are illogical or unacceptable in that they are offensive to Islam and quite degrading to Muhammad.

Hadith rejectors are distinguished from "Hadith advocates", such as Sunnis and Shias who believe in hadiths. Critiques of the rejectors of Hadith have existed both in the contemporary Islamic world and the greater modern-secular world. Groups that have rejected the Hadiths include *Ahl al-Kalām*, *Mu'tazilites*, some sects of the Kharijites, modernist Muslims, and Quranists.

Ahl al-Kalām, Mu'tazilites, and Kharijites
------------------------------------------

Historically, *Ahl al-Kalām*, who have been described as the forerunners of the *Mu'tazilites*, rejected the authority of the hadith on the grounds that its corpus was "filled with contradictory, blasphemous, and absurd" reports, and that in jurisprudence, even the smallest doubt about a source was too much. Thus, they believed, the true legacy of the Islamic prophet Muhammad was to be found elsewhere, i.e. in the Sunnah, which is separate from the hadith. Similarly, some sects of the Kharijites also rejected the hadith; there were some who opposed even the writing down of the Hadith itself for fear that it would compete, or even replace the Qur'an. Like Ahl al-Kalām, Mu'tazilites also rejected the hadiths as the basis for Islamic law, while at the same time accepting the Sunnah and Ijma. For Mu'tazilites, the basic argument for rejecting the hadiths was that "since its essence is transmission by individuals, [it] cannot be a sure avenue of our knowledge about the Prophetic teaching unlike the Qur'an about whose transmission there is a universal unanimity among Muslims".

Quranists
---------

Hadith rejectors include Quranists, who view the hadiths as un-Qur'anic; they believe that obedience to the Islamic prophet Muhammad means obedience to the Qur'an; some further claim that most hadiths are fabrications (pseudepigrapha) created in the 8th and 9th century AD, and which are falsely attributed to Muhammad. Similar to Quranists, modernist Muslims also believe that the problems in the Islamic world come partly from the traditional elements of the hadith and seek to reject those teachings.
Weapons that are capable of waiting over an area before they hit their target, are called **loitering weapons**. Other names include **loitering munition**, **suicide drone** or **kamikaze drone** (related pages: drone, and Kamikaze).

Those used during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, include (*RAM 2* or) RAM II, Switchblade (drone) and Bayraktar. Russia has been using Lancet, and Geran-2 (also known as *Shahed 136*).

Loitering weapons are different from cruise missiles, because cruise missiles do not wait (loiter) over the target area. They are different from UCAVs in that a loitering weapon is intended to be used in an attack and has a built-in warhead.

Loitering weapons are more similar to a drone, but they also have some properties of a missile. In this type of weapon, the munition waits, until it detects a target, Sometimes, it waits until it is given a command to attack. Loitering weapons allow selecting targets more precisely.

History
-------

The first loitering weapons were built in the 1980s. At that time, they were used against surface-to-air missiles (SAMs). They were used to suppress enemy air defenses in the 1990s. From the 2000s, loitering weapons have been developed for extra roles such as relatively long-range strikes, fire support or tactical, very short range battlefield systems that fit in a backpack.

IAI Harpy first-generation loitering munition for SEAD role
Loitering Munitions HERO (UVision Air Ltd, Israel), DSEI 2019, London

Law
---

Some of these weapons are capable of making decisions on whether to hit a target or not, on their own. If no human being is involved in this decision, this raises a number of ethical issues, and problems with international law. In many respects loitering weapons are not comparable to a missile, that is fired at a target. A loitering weapon may spend hours waiting for a target to appear. While it may request final clearance before the hit, this does not have to be the case. In other words: With a loitering weapon, there may be no human who decides what target is hit.
**Vijayalaya Chola** was a king of South India, and founded the imperial Chola dynasty. He ruled over the region to the north of the river Kaveri River.The ancient Chola kingdom once famous in Tamil literature and in the writings of Greek merchants and geographers faded into darkness after c. 300 CE. Cholas during this period almost completely disappeared from their native land. They seem to have held on to their old capital city of Urayur. This 'dark' age of Tamil history came to an end with the ascendency of the Pandyas and the Pallavas. The Cholas had to wait for another three centuries until the accession of Vijayalaya in the second quarter of the ninth century to re-establish their dynasty.

At the time of 848 CE, there was a struggle or war between the Pallavas and Pandyas. Vijayalaya Chola used this as his own opportunity. He captured the Thanjavur region from Elango Mutharaiyars. In this disturbed state of affairs, Vijayalaya defeated the Pandyas, and made himself the ruler of Thanjavur and the surrounding Chola country. He also defeated the Pallavas. After Vijayalaya’s capture of Thanjavur, the Pandyan king Varagunavarman II (c. 862 – 885 CE) made alliance with the Pallava king Nandivarman III (c. 846 – 869 CE). Nandhivarman wished to destroy the growing influence of Chola power under Vijayalaya and called upon the Varagunavarman to help suppress Vijayalaya. Varaguna led an expedition into the Chola country. The Pandyan army reached the north bank of the Kaveri near Thanjavur. Vijayalaya, by this time was aging and was an invalid. The crown prince Aditya I took control of the army in the defence of the Chola kingdom. Vijayalaya was succeeded after his death c. 871 CE by his son Aditya I.

The Tiruvalangadu plates state that Vijayalaya captured the city of Tanjavur and made it his capital and that he also built in it a temple to the goddess Nisumbhasudani (Durga). The Kanyakumari inscription states that he developed the city of Tanjore.Vijayalaya took the title of Parakesarivarman. Chola kings succeeding him took the titles of Parakesari and Rajakesari in turns. This is probably to acknowledge their ancestors Parakesari and Rajakesari.Narttamalai, Pudukkottai has a solesvara temple attributed to Vijayalaya.
Mari Animoto at the 2013 Asia-Oceania Zone Wheelchair Basketball Championships 
**Mari Amimoto** (born 15 November 1988) is a Japanese wheelchair basketball player (4.5 wheelchair basketball classification). She is a member of the Japan women's national wheelchair basketball team and her club Cocktail. She plays as a forward. She finished fourth at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and won the silver medal at the 2018 Asian Para Games. In 2021 she competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

Life
----

Amimoto was born with an bone impairment in her right ankle. She started with wheelchair basketball when she was in grade five of primary school. She started playing competitively in grade 10 of high school. After competing at the 2006 World Championships where she finished with the team 6th, she competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. She made it with the team to the semi finals, and finished fourth after also losing the bronze medal match. After competing at the 2010 and 2014 World Championships, she won the silver medal, with the team at the 2018 Asian Para Games. She competed at the 2019 Asia Oceania Championships.

She was named the "All Star Five Player" at the 2011, 2013 and 2015 Asia-Oceania Championship and also at the 2011 under-25 World Championship. She was "Most Valuable Player" at the 2020 Empress's Cup.

She studied at the Osaka International University.

Other websites
--------------

* Japanese wheelchair basketball player Mari Amimoto leads in scoring at world championships Wikinews
Pepper is a common cash crop
A **cash crop** is a crop that is grown to be sold on the market. This is different from a subsistence crop which is grown for the personal use of the farmer, or as food for the farmer's animals.

There are several different categories of cash crops, for different purposes.

Foods
-----

Food crops are grown to be eaten by humans or animals. Since modern agriculture(farming) methods allow farmers to grow much more food than they need to feed themselves and their families, the extra is sold to others.

Some food crops include:

Apples, a food crop.
* Wheat, barley, and other grains

* Apples, oranges, and other fruits
* Potatoes, cabbage, and other vegetables
* Mushrooms

### Spices and Herbs

Spices and herbs are ingredients added to food in order to make it taste less bland. Spices and herbs do not make up much of a meal but are very flavorful. Since spices and herbs are used in small amounts but can be grown in much larger quantities, the surplus grown is sold as a cash crop.

Some spices/herbs include:

Cinnamon, a spice crop.
* Cinnamon
* Paprika
* Turmeric
* Cardamom
* Mint
* Basil
* Pepper

Materials
---------

Material crops are plants which have parts that can be used as raw materials to create objects with. Material crops are not eaten, but sold to the market for usage for various purposes.

Some material crops include:

* Timber (Wood from trees)
* Bamboo
* Cotton
* Wool

Medicinal/Drug
--------------

Medicinal and drug crops are grown for their effects on the human or animal body. Medicinal crops can help with healing, relieving pain, and curing illness. Some medicinal crops can be used to substitute for sugars. Drug crops are crops that are used for recreational purposes and often have addicting effects.

Some medicinal crops include:

*Cannabis Sativa*, or Marijuana, a crop that is both a drug and medicinal.
* Aloe Vera

* Amla
* Basil
* Lavender
* Lemon grass
* Marijuana

Some drug crops include:

* Tobacco
* Marijuana

Decorative
----------

Ornamental plants are crops grown and sold for the purpose of making a place look more attractive. These include flowers, though they can be any plant that decorates an indoor or outdoor space. Ornamental crops are frequently used in gardens, parks, and public places.

A farm where flowers are grown for commercial purposes.
Some decorative crops include:

* Tulips
* Roses
* Agave
SWAT officers from the United States of America
A **SWAT team** is a group of highly trained police officers who deal with very dangerous criminals. SWAT is an acronym that means **S**pecial **W**eapons **A**nd **T**actics. Originally SWAT stood for Special Weapons ASSAULT Team but years later was changed when Public Relations realized Assault is a crime and had a negative connotation when these officers used excessive force. The original name has been very effectively swept from internet sources and is difficult 
to now find references apart from microfiche newspaper articles. SWAT officers carry weapons of higher caliber than most police officers do, such as machine guns, shotguns, and sniper rifles. Usually, police departments use SWAT teams to catch people who sell illegal drugs or try to hold people hostage. They also respond to serious crimes like bank robberies when normal police officers cannot control the criminals.
The first SWAT team was formed in Los Angeles in 1966 by Police Commissioner Daryl Gates in the wake of the 1965 Watts Riots. 
The SWAT teams are usually called to deal with hostage situations. They plan the entry into the building where the hostages are being held. They look closely at all building entrances to choose the best option. They make use of equipment such as rappelling ropes, night vision goggles, a tactical shield, flashbang and smoke grenades, snake cameras and small cameras that fit under doors and into very small holes, among others.

SWAT team from the U.S. Air Force
SWAT officers act as paramilitary units that tackle situations beyond the capability of conventional police forces. SWAT teams are called in when an incident presents significant risk to law enforcement officers or the public, as in:

* Counterterrorism operations
* Catching and arresting of armed and barricaded suspects
* Suicide intervention
* Warrant service under fire
* Protection of visiting dignitaries
* High-risk search and seizure
* Covert and undercover operations
* Crowd and riot control
* Fugitive tracking in rural environments

While all SWAT officers are expert marksmen with in-depth training in close combat, most play a specialized role within the team. Some serve as negotiators or medics while others are experts in handling assault vehicles or weapons. Each team includes several tactical officers who coordinate and carry out assaults on barricaded positions and catch and arrest armed suspects.

When not responding to crises, SWAT officers perform more routine duties. Many spend a majority of their time in conventional policing activities such as patrol and traffic enforcement. In some areas, they use their specialized tactical knowledge to conduct crime suppression exercises that ferret out dangerous offenders.
Sutherland in November 2008
Sutherland's signature
**Kiefer William Frederick Dempsey George Rufus Sutherland** (born December 21, 1966) is a Canadian actor and director.

He was born in London, England in 1966 to Canadian actor Donald Sutherland and his wife Shirley Douglas, an actress and daughter of Canadian statesman Tommy Douglas. He also has a twin sister, named Rachel, who looks similar to him. He grew up in London, Corona, California and Toronto, Ontario.

In the 1980s, he was part of a group of young actors called the "Brat Pack" and appeared in movies *Stand by Me* (1986), *The Lost Boys* (1987), *Young Guns* (1988), *Flatliners* (1990), and *The Three Musketeers* (1993). In 2001, he starred as Jack Bauer in *24*, which was intended as a one-shot mini-series, but became one of the most popular shows on TV. For this role, Kiefer won the Emmy Award for Best Actor in 2006, the Golden Globe for best actor in 2001, the SAG Award for Best Actor in 2003 and 2005 and the Satellite Award for Best Actor in 2002 and 2003. The show had eight seasons before ending, with one movie currently released.

He is also in the Fox drama, *Touch* as the role of Martin Bohm.

Other websites
--------------

* Kiefer Sutherland on IMDb
**Sirena Jessica Irwin** (born September 26, 1977) is an American voice director, casting director and actress. Her career in animation casting/directing began in 2017 after an extensive career as an actress in animation and after a two-year mentorship with animation director Andrea Romano. Her voice directing credits include the DreamWorks Animation series *Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous*, the Nickelodeon series Baby Shark's Big Show! and the Cartoon Network series *Apple & Onion*.

Career
------

As an actor, Irwin has voiced many characters for animated series, including the Nickelodeon series *SpongeBob SquarePants*, it's spin-off series *Kamp Koral: SpongeBob's Under Years*, the Warner Bros. television series *Batman: The Brave and The Bold* and the DreamWorks Animation series *The Mighty Ones*. Her acting career also led her to win a Broadway World Award for Best Actor in a Touring Production for her role as Lucy Ricardo in *I Love Lucy: Live on Stage*.

Irwin founded Oh, Zeus! after many years of writing, producing, casting, directing and acting in content on various platforms such as Netflix, Amazon Prime, Hulu, HBO Max, Paramount+, Warner Bros. Peacock, Nickelodeon and Cartoon Network.

Other websites
--------------

* Sirena Irwin on IMDb
* sirenairwin.com (acting/directing site)
* Oh Zeus! (production company site)
An **operating system** (**OS**) is a kind of computer program that helps a computer to interact with other machines or with people. An OS is not actually one single program but a group of small programs, like file managers, device drivers, and kernels. An OS can be small (like Damn Small Linux), or large (like Microsoft Windows). Some are meant for everyday use, like in a personal computer or a smartphone. Others are very specialized - for example, an ATM uses a kind of operating system.

An operating system has many jobs. It makes sure that all the programs share access to the computer's processor, memory, screen, input devices, and other hardware. Today, most operating systems also include a visible interface so the user can easily interact with it. An OS is also responsible for sending data to other computers or devices on a network. 

Some examples of commonly used operating systems are macOS, Linux, and Android.

History
-------

One of the first computers was ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), built by the United States during World War II. Making ENIAC do useful work was difficult. To program ENIAC, scientists had to move switches and cables around on the side of the computer. While this was an operating system of a kind, it is not really like modern operating systems.

Video: Using an old UNIX system.
The first operating system that looked and felt like today's operating systems was UNIX, made in 1969 by Bell Labs. With UNIX, people could program computers by typing on a keyboard. Many of its features were taken from Multics, an older operating system made in 1964.

Types
-----

Operating systems come in many different types. An OS might fit one or several of the types listed below, and the difference between the types isn't always clear.

### Single- and multi-tasking

A single-tasking system can only run one program at a time. A multitasking operating system can run more than one program at the same time. To multi-task, the computer lets each program take a turn using the processor.

### Single- and multi-user

Single-user operating systems don't let people create their own "accounts" on the computer - there is only one user. A multi-user operating system lets multiple users interact with the system at the same time.

### Distributed

A distributed operating system takes a group of distinct computers, which might be all over the place, and makes them work together like one single computer.

### Embedded

Embedded operating systems are very small OSes used in embedded systems. They are designed to operate on small machines, like the electronic part of a microwave, and they only do a few particular things.

Related pages
-------------

* BIOS

1. 1 2  Krzyzanowski, Paul. "Operating Systems". Retrieved 19 May 2016.
A pair of chopsticks made from yew on a wooden chopstick rest
A typical Japanese meal: chopsticks on a chopstick rest at the front side of the dishes, pointing to the left
A **chopstick rest** (箸置き, *hashioki*) is a piece of tableware. It is used to keep chopsticks away from the table and also to prevent used chopsticks from coming in contact with or rolling off tables. Chopstick rests are made in various shapes from clay, wood, glass, or precious stone such as jade. Some people prepare them from bags of half-split disposable chopsticks in origami manner.

In Japan, chopstick rests are usually used at formal dinners and placed on the front-left side of the dishes. The chopsticks are placed parallel to the table edge with the points toward the left.

Related pages
-------------

* Chopsticks
* Spoon rest
* Knife rest

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Chopsticks***.

* Chopstick rest Collection, A collection of hashioki
* Chopstick rest stock photos and images Archived 2007-04-27 at the Wayback Machine, Fotosearch
* Erick's Chopstick Rests (Hashi Oki) Page Archived 2007-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
* Jen's Chopstick Rests Gallery Archived 2011-07-17 at the Wayback Machine
* Jurek Zarzycki's Chopstick Rests collection Archived 2013-04-16 at Archive.today
* Chopstick rests Archived 2006-10-21 at the Wayback Machine, Asian Art Mall
* Chopstick Rest Archived 2006-11-27 at the Wayback Machine, Mrs. Lin's Kitchen
The **Treaty of Canandaigua** or **Pickering Treaty** or the **Calico Treaty** (1794) was a treaty between the Iroquois Confederacy and the United States. The treaty was signed after the American Revolution. Sachems (chiefs) signed the treaty for the Iroquois. Notable Iroquois include Cornplanter, Handsome Lake, Little Beard, Red Jacket and Farmer's Brother. Timothy Pickering signed the treaty for the United States. The treaty created peace between the Iroquois and the United States. The treaty was meant to resolve conflict. The Iroquois were not happy that the United States got land from Britain after the American Revolution. The Iroquois said no to the Fort Harmar and Fort Stanwix treaties. The Iroquois and United States had a conference for several months from September to November. The treaty said Americans couldn't take lands of the Iroquois. It acknowledged lands owned by Oneida and Seneca people. The US would also give money to the Iroquois each year.

Related pages
-------------

* Iroquois
* Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784)
* Treaty of Paris (1783)
* Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
* Native Americans in the United States
Gupta Empire and its neighbours
The **Gupta Empire** was ruled by members of the Gupta dynasty from around 320 to 550 AD and covered most of North-central India and Eastern Pakistan. The time of the Gupta Empire is reffered to as Golden Age of science, mathematics, astronomy, religion and philosophy in South Asia.

The Guptas most probably came from Bengal. At the beginning of the 4th century the Guptas ruled a few small Hindu kingdoms in Magadha and around modern-day Uttar Pradesh.

We get plenty of information about this dynasty through coins, inscriptions, monuments, and Sanskrit writings. The Gupta rulers were great conquerors and good administrators. This brought on a series of invasions that weakened the empire, but many of their cultural and intellectual achievements were saved and transmitted to other cultures and live on today. Fa Hien visited India during the reign of Chandragupta II and stayed in this country for several years. 

People lived a simple life. Commodities were affordable and all round prosperity ensured that their requirements were met easily. They preferred vegetarianism and shunned alcoholic beverages. Gold and silver coins were issued in great numbers which is a general indicative of the health of the economy. Trade and commerce flourished both within the country and outside. Silk, cotton, spices, medicine, priceless gemstones, pearl, precious metal and steel were exported by sea.

Gupta dynasty
-------------

The **Gupta dynasty** ruled by the **Gupta Empire** of South Asia, from around 320 to 550.

Some of its main rulers were:

* Chandragupta
* Samudragupta
* Ramagupta
* Chandragupta II
* Kumaragupta I
* Skandagupta
* Narasimhagupta
* Buddhagupta
* Purugupta
* Vishnugupta
* Pushpak

### Further reading

* Karls, Farah. *World History The Human Experience*.

|
|  |
| Preceded byKanva dynasty |  **Magadha dynasties**240-550 AD | Succeeded byPala dynasty |

Coins
-----

The Guptas were the first to introduce a coinage across their empire.This showed both their wealth-as some coins were trying to unify the empire by using the same coins over the empire.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Gupta Empire***.

* Frontline Article on Gupta Period Art Archived 2008-12-04 at the Wayback Machine
For other uses, see Pig (disambiguation).

**Pigs** or **domestic pigs** are mammals in the genus ***Sus***. Pigs are in the Suidae family of even-toed ungulates. 

Related, but outside the genus, are the babirusa and the warthog. Pigs, like all suids, are native to the Old World. Baby pigs are called piglets or pups. Pigs are omnivores and are very social and intelligent animals. Its ancestor is the common Eurasian wild boar (*Sus scrofa*).

Man carrying a pig (Genus *Sus*) on a bicycle in Zambia
The pig has stout, barrel-shaped bodies, with short legs.

A train with a picture of the most popular pig in the world, in this case, Peppa Pig.
The flesh of domestic pigs is eaten as food and is called pork. The Jewish and Muslim religions, and some Christian denominations, believe eating pork is wrong. Pig farmers take care that the animals do not get diseases or parasites which might harm humans.

A pet domestic pig laying down on a rug
Domestic pigs come in different colours, shapes and sizes. They are usually pink, but little pigs kept as pets (*pot-bellied pigs*) are sometimes other colours. Pigs roll in mud to protect themselves from sunlight. Many people think that pigs are dirty and smell. In fact, they roll around in the mud to keep bugs and ticks away from their skin. This also helps to keep their skin moist and lower their body temperature on hot days. They are omnivores, which means that they eat both plants and animals. 

Pigs are smart animals. They are even able to learn how to play video games. 
Pigs are commonly used as working animals. They are used to hunt for truffles, pull carts and sniff out landmines. Pig races exist.

Care
----

Pigs need a warm, clean area under a roof to sleep, and they should not be crowded. They need to be checked for sickness regularly. Pigs need lots of water. Over half their body weight is made up of water. Pigs should be given all the feed they will eat, which is usually four to five pounds a day for adult pigs. Corn is a good food for pigs, but they should also have protein supplements as well.

Pigs can be found throughout the world living on farms and in the wild, and they are also popular pets. Pigs are kept and slaughtered for their flesh, pork. 

A feral pig near Canberra, Australia.
A woman performs fellatio on a man
**Fellatio** is oral sex performed on the penis. Fellatio is often called a **blow job**. The opposite of this is cunnilingus. Cunnilingus is oral sex performed on the vulva. 
Fellatio can continue until the receiver ejaculates or as part of foreplay, before actual sexual intercourse.

Risks
-----

There is no risk of getting pregnant by performing a fellatio, because there is no connection from the mouth to the womb and the fallopian tubes. There is however a large risk of transmitting diseases if the mouth comes in contact with semen on the penis. If the person drinks alcoholic drinks, it can make this risk higher. HIV can also enter through open sores or bleeding gums. 

Very few people are allergic to semen. Some claim that swallowing ejaculate is an intimate act.

Diseases such as Chlamydia, human papillomavirus (HPV), gonorrhea, herpes, hepatitis (multiple strains), and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), as well as viruses such as HIV, can be transmitted through oral sex. The risk of transmitting HIV through fellatio is unknown, but it is thought to be low. Any kind of direct contact with body fluids of a person infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, poses a risk of infection. The risk from most of these types of infection, however, is generally considered far lower than that associated with vaginal or anal sex.

If the receiving partner has wounds on their genitals, or if the giving partner has wounds or open sores on or in their mouth, or bleeding gums, this poses an increased risk of STD transmission. Flossing or undergoing dental work relatively soon before or after giving fellatio can also increase the risk of transmission, because all of these activities can cause small scratches in the lining of the mouth. These wounds, even when they are microscopic, increase the chances of contracting STDs that can be transmitted orally under these conditions. Such contact can also lead to more mundane infections from common bacteria and viruses found in, around and secreted from the genital regions. Because of this, some medical professionals advise the use of condoms when performing or receiving fellatio with a partner whose STD status is unknown. Flavoured condoms may be used for this purpose. Alternatively there is flavored lube.

In culture
----------

A Moche jug showing oral sex
Many people accuse someone of performing fellatio as an insult. For example 'cock sucker!' or 'suck my dick'. 
Many cultures see fellatio as showing control over ones partner, as often the giver is on their knees. In ancient Greece it was called *playing the flute*. The Moche people of ancient Peru practiced it regularly[*source?*] and made vases showing it.

Related pages
-------------

* Oral sex
* Cunnilingus
Adam's apple
For other uses, see Adam's apple (disambiguation).
The **Adam's apple** is a feature of the human neck. The medical name in English for it is the **laryngeal prominence**. This lump is formed by the angle of the thyroid cartilage (*a type of soft bone*) around the larynx (part of the throat which holds the vocal chords).

The Adam's apple can usually be seen better in adult men than in women, girls, or boys. The Adam's apple is only part of the thyroid cartilage around the larynx. A large Adam's apple is commonly seen as a male secondary sex characteristic, although not all males have it and quite a few women have one too.

History of the name
-------------------

It is called "Adam's apple" as a reference to the forbidden fruit, which according to a traditional Jewish belief, got stuck in Adam's throat. Different languages use the same term, for instance *Adamsappel* (Dutch), *pomme d'Adam* (French) and *Adamsapfel* (German). Until the 19th century, the medical term was also generally *Pomum Adami*. When the Basle Nomina Anatomica was introduced in 1895, it became *Prominentia laryngea*.
the Gate of Yemen and the Old City of Sana'a.
**Yemenite architecture** is the name of the Architecture style of Yemen from the Pre-Islamic period until the Islamic period. today. Particularly notable in this style is the design of the buildings in which Islam began to spread in this country. This style of architecture is mainly characterized by the construction of mud bricks and residential buildings in the form of tall towers and sometimes even large boulders intertwined between dwellings. in southern Saudi Arabia some of villages close to the border of Yemen are having an architectural style similar to Yemen.

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Architecture of Yemen***.

  


| * v
* t
* e
Islamic architecture |
| --- |
| 
* Indo-Islamic architecture
* Indo-Persianate architecture
* Moroccan architecture
* Mughal architecture
* Ottoman architecture
* Persian architecture
* Seljuk architecture
* Sino-Islamic architecture
* Timurid architecture
* Yemenite architecture

 |
| Part of Islamic arts |
Did you know that Henry the 8th ate 3 of his wives and that is why he was so fat.

Henry VIII had six wives, Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, and Catherine Parr (in that order). All of his wives, except for Catherine Parr, died or were divorced by Henry VIII.

Catherine of Aragon was his first wife. She was married to Henry for almost 24 years, but they divorced after failing to produce a son. Her daughter was the future Queen of England.

Anne Boleyn was his second wife and was beheaded after cheating on Henry and not producing a son. Her daughter was the future Queen of England.

Jane Seymour was his third wife. She gave birth to a son but died of childbed fever.

Henry fell in love with Anne of Cleves's portrait, however when he met her, she didn't look like she did on her picture, thus causing Henry and Anne to get divorced within 6 months.

At about 16 years old, Catherine Howard was next in line for the hand of the king. However, after Henry found out about Catherine's affair, she was divorced and got beheaded.

Catherine Parr was the last of the six wives and outlived Henry. Almost a year and a half later, after Henry's death, Catherine Parr died after giving birth to her daughter, Mary Seymour.
**Scott William Taylor** (born June 27, 1979) is an American politician and former Navy SEAL. He served as the U.S. representative from Virginia's 2nd congressional district from 2017 to 2019. Taylor was also a state delegate for the 85th house district.

On November 6, 2018, Taylor was defeated for reelection by Democrat and U.S. Navy veteran Elaine Luria. In December 2019, he stated he was going to run again for his old seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. In the November general election, he was defeated by Luria a second time.

Early life
----------

Scott William Taylor was born in Baltimore.

After high school, he served in the United States Navy and became a Navy SEAL, first taking part in drug enforcement.

Early career
------------

In 2008, Taylor ran for Mayor of Virginia Beach, Virginia. He was a candidate in the 2010 primary election for Virginia's 2nd congressional district, but lost to Scott Rigell. Taylor became a state delegate for the 85th house district in November 2013.

Elections
---------

2016
In 2016, after the then current representative, Scott Rigell, announced he would not seek re-election, Taylor won the Republican Party nomination for Virginia's 2nd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives, defeating Randy Forbes in the primary, then defeated Democrat Shaun Brown, 61.3% to 38.5%, to win the general election on November 8, 2016.

2018
In January 2018, former Navy commander Elaine Luria announced her plan to run for Taylor's seat. In the June 10 Democratic primary, Luria received 62% of the vote, defeating Karen Mallard, who received 38%. In the Republican primary, Taylor defeated Mary Jones, 76% to 24%.

On November 6, 2018, Taylor lost to Luria, taking 48.9 percent of the vote to Luria's 51.1 percent.

2020
See also: 2020 United States Senate election in Virginia and 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia § District 2
On July 8, 2019, Taylor announced that he was running for the United States Senate against two-term incumbent Mark Warner in the 2020 election. Taylor decided to not run for the Senate race, instead choosing to run to take back his old House seat. On June 23, 2020, he won the Republican primary, setting up a rematch with Luria.

Luria defeated him and was re-elected with a six-point margin taking 52 percent to Taylor's 46 percent.
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| --- |
| Part of a series on |
| Social generation s of the Western world |
|  |
| * Lost Generation
* Greatest Generation
* Silent Generation
* Baby boomers
* Generation X
* Millennials
* Generation Z
* Generation Alpha
 |
| * v
* t
* e
 |

The term **baby boomer** most commonly refers to people born during the years 1946 to 1964 worldwide. In Canada it is anyone born between 1960 and 1980. Australia identifies baby boomers as those born between 1946 and 1961. Generally, after 1960 the birth rate started falling. In 1951, Sylvia F. Porter, a columnist for the New York Post, first used the term *baby boom* for the rapid rise in birthrate after Word War II.

Economic impact
---------------

From 1945 to 1964 about seventy-seven million babies were born in the United States. In the 1950s baby boomers bought Mouse-ear hats after they watched "The Mickey Mouse Club". They danced to rock and roll and idolized singers like Elvis Presley. Hula hoops and Barbie dolls were wildly popular.

By the 1960s many baby boomers were teenagers. They spent nearly $20 million on things including food, clothing, and recorded music. Businesses were eager to find ways to meet their demands. By the 1970s entire industries were changing because of baby boomers.

Aging and end-of-life issues
----------------------------

In 1998 the baby boomers began to discuss about their end-of-life issues; but many commentators think they have became burdens for their children and society. According to the 2011 Associated Press and LifeGoesStrong.com surveys:

60% lost value in investments because of the economic crisis
42% are delaying retirement
25% claim they will never retire (currently still working)

Baby boomer today
-----------------

The oldest baby boomers were 76 years old in 2022 and one in five Americans will be 65 years old in 2030. Many people believe they will become a stress on social welfare systems.
**Diwali** (also: ***Deepawali***) is one of India's biggest festival. The word '**Deepawali**' means rows of lighted lamps. It is a Festival of Lights and Hindus celebrate it with joy. During this festival, people light up their houses and shops with mall cup-shaped oil lamp made of baked clay). They worship the Lord Ganesha for welfare and prosperity marks the beginning of a new year. People clean and decorate their house before the festival. They do colorful rangoli art works on floors.

Deepawali is celebrated and is a public holiday in cous, shops school's offices and temples are thoroughly cleaned, whitewashed and decorated with picturesکاانپ

  

f Deepawali, people put on their best clothes and exchange greetings, gifts and sweets with their friends and family.

At night, buildings are illuminated with earthen lamps, candle-stickweed. People buy sweets for their own families and also send them as presents to their friends and relatives. The Goddess Lakshmi is also worshiped in the form of earthen images, silver rupee. Hindus believe that on this day, Lakshmi only enters houses which are neat and tidy. People offer prayers for their own health, wealth and prosperity. They leave the light on in buildings believing that Lakshmi will not have difficulty in finding her way in.

Diwali is one of the most important festivals of the Hindus. It comes on Amavasya day in the month of Kartik. Both rich and poor wear new clothes on this day. Lots of sweets are made. People light divas and burn crackers. They ex- change greetings and sweets. Goddess Laxmi is worshipped on this day.

It is a festival of light and during this day people in India burst firecracker and draw rangoli on the floor.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Dipavali***.
Diwali Holds A Special Place In The Hearts Of Millions, Transcending Boundaries Of Region, Culture, And Religion.

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: ***Diwali***

* The Ancient Origins of Diwali, India’s Biggest Holiday, Becky Little (2017)
For other uses, see Relief (disambiguation).
Centaur from the pediment of Parthenon
**Relief** is a type of sculpture or carving. The worker creating the piece starts with a flat base, usually stone or wood, and takes small parts of the surface away until the desired image has been made.

Reliefs are found around the world. They can be used to decorate buildings, such as temples. Usually the artist makes reliefs of figures, such as people or animals.

Roman Hetaera, Relief, around 2nd century, Head is missing
In bas-relief, only a bit of the base is taken away. The figure is quite flat and this is especially common in friezes. An alto-relief is where the artist takes away a lot of the base material. This can be very detailed.

Famous reliefs
--------------

Famous reliefs include:

* Great Altar of Pergamon, now at the Pergamon Museum, Berlin
* Lions and dragons from the Ishtar Gate, Babylon
* Temple of Karnak in Egypt
* Angkor Wat in Cambodia
* Lion Capital of Ashoka, the national symbol of India
* glyphs and artwork of the Maya civilization
* The monument to the Confederacy at Stone Mountain, Georgia
* Borobudur temple, Java, Indonesia
* The Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon now housed at the British Museum.
* The representation of Monticello on a US nickel.

Gallery
-------

* Greek couple in high reliefGreek couple in high relief
* Palmyra Figure in British MuseumPalmyra Figure in British Museum
* Persian relief from Qajar era in the style of Persepolis, located at Tangeh Savashi.Persian relief from Qajar era in the style of Persepolis, located at Tangeh Savashi.
* Angels from Clonfert Cathedral, Co Galway, Ireland (adjusted to highlight relief)Angels from Clonfert Cathedral, Co Galway, Ireland (adjusted to highlight relief)



Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Relief***.
**Shelly Oberoi** is an Indian politician and the current mayor of North Delhi Municipal Corporation. She was elected to the position in May 2022, becoming the first-time councillor of the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) to hold the position.

Early life
----------

Oberoi was born in Delhi and completed her schooling from Delhi Public School, R.K. Puram. She went on to obtain a degree in Commerce from the University of Delhi. Prior to entering politics, Oberoi worked as a businesswoman and entrepreneur.

Political career
----------------

In 2017, Oberoi joined the AAP and contested the municipal elections from the Model Town ward in North Delhi. Despite facing a tough challenge from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), she emerged victorious, becoming the first-ever AAP councillor from the area.

As a councillor, Oberoi focused on improving civic amenities in her ward, including better sanitation, road repairs, and street lighting. She also worked to improve the quality of education and healthcare facilities in her area.

Mayor election
--------------

In 2022, Oberoi was chosen as the AAP's candidate for the mayoral elections in North Delhi. Despite facing tough competition from the BJP, she won the election with a comfortable margin, becoming the first-ever AAP mayor of North Delhi.

As mayor, Oberoi has prioritized the implementation of various welfare schemes for the citizens of North Delhi. She has also emphasized the need for greater cooperation between the state government and the municipal corporation to improve the quality of civic amenities in the area.

Oberoi's rise to the position of mayor has been seen as a testament to the growing influence of the AAP in Delhi's political landscape. Her focus on improving the quality of life for citizens and commitment to inclusive governance has earned her widespread support and admiration.
This is a **list of characters in the *Garfield*** comic strip, created by Jim Davis

Main characters
---------------

### Garfield

See the main article: Garfield (character)
The main character of the franchise. He is a lazy orange cat who loves lasagna and hates mondays. He is voiced by Scott Beach, Lorenzo Music, Bill Murray, Frank Welker, Tom Smothers, Jeff Bergman, Jon Banard and Chris Pratt, Jimmy Tatro (Nickelodeon series).

### Jon Arbuckle

voiced by Thom Huge, Sandy Kenyon, Jon Banard, Wally Wingert and Nicolas Hoult, Josh Keaton (Nickelodeon series).

### Lyman

voiced by Frank Ferrante.

### Odie

voiced by Gregg Berger, Harvey Guillen and Benjamin Diskin (Nickelodeon series).

### Pooky

Pooky is Garfield's stuffed plush.

### Dr. Liz Wilson

voiced by Julie Payne, Vanessa Marshall and Erica Lindbeck (Nickelodeon series).

### Nermal

voiced by Desiree Goyette, David Eigenberg, Jason Marsden and Tom Kenny, Atticus Shaeffer (Nickelodeon series).

### Arlene

voiced by Debra Messing, Audrey Wasilewski and Jenny Yokobori.

### Squeak

voiced by Gregg Berger.

Arbuckle family
---------------

### Mom

voiced by Julie Payne, Cheri Oteri and Gillian Jacobs (Nickelodeon series)

### Dad

voiced by Frank Welker.

### Aunt Gussie

voiced by Kari Wahlgren.

### Grandma

voiced by Pat Carroll.

### Doc Boy

voiced by David Lander, Dana Snyder (Nickelodeon series).

Garfield's family
-----------------

### Garfield's mother

voiced by Sandi Huge.

### Garfield's grandfather

Garfield's grandpa his first appeared in the strip on November 10, 1980.

Minor recurring characters
--------------------------

### Herman Post

voiced by Gregg Berger.

### Irma

**First Appearance: June 9, 1979**

### Binky the Clown[edit]

**First Appearance: September 17, 1986**

voiced by Thom Huge.

### The Big Vicious Dog

**First Appearance: September 12, 1995**

### Hubert and Reba

Hubert and Reba are an elderly couple who live near Jon.

### The Buddy Bears

Voiced by Lorenzo Music, Howard Morris, Thom Huge, Julie Payne, Gregg Berger.
"**Ready to Fall**" is the first single by melodic hardcore band Rise Against from their fourth studio album, *The Sufferer & The Witness* (2006).

An acoustic version of this song was done live on the CJZN Radio station in Victoria, British Columbia, on January 18, 2007, before a Billy Talent concert featuring Rise Against, Anti-Flag, and Moneen.

On March 12, 2009, the song became a downloadable song in the video game, *Guitar Hero World Tour*. It is also shown in Tap Tap Revenge 3 on the iPhone and iPod Touch as a downloadable double song pack with Audience of One. The song was also shown in 2009 action movie 12 Rounds.

Music video
-----------

The video was made in 2006. It is about pollution and its effects on the environment. The video is 3 minutes and 52 seconds long. It cuts between shots of the band playing and shots of animals being saved or dying, if not already dead. This is from many environmental dangers made by humans. At the end of the video, lead singer Tim McIlrath says, "Every action has a reaction. We've got one planet, one chance."

There was also a version played on television. There are also ones that are more graphic. This was never really released. But it is available on some websites. The video serves a testimony to veganism. Rise Against is an active supporter of PETA, an animal rights organization, and the band members are all active vegetarians.

Chart performance
-----------------

The song got to number 13 on the *Billboard* Modern Rock Tracks chart. It is the lowest charting single from *The Sufferer & the Witness*. Although, it was the band's second highest charting single.