recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
A **beating heart cadaver** is the body of a dead person that has been connected to a medical ventilator. This will keep the organs of the dead body, including the heart, functioning and alive for a few days. Such a body still functions physically, but the person it belonged to is dead by the law and medicine's definition because there is no longer any conscious brain function possible.

Care
----

The procedure for caring for a beating heart cadaver is the same as caring for a normal patient. The body must be monitored at all times, and if necessary, "life saving" procedures must be taken. Since the brain does not work, the hormone levels and blood pressure must be controlled by doctors to keep the organs alive. Measures must be taken to prevent infection and maintain normal tissue oxygenation.

Organ recovery
--------------

A beating heart cadaver is kept alive in order to keep its organs from decaying before they can be transplanted. Surgeons will remove the organs, one after the other, and give them to their patients. The entire recovery process is usually completed within four hours. This process was formerly known as an "Organ Harvest", but the name has since changed to the milder "Organ Recovery."  Many organs can be used, and many lives can be saved by one body. The bodies are generally organ donors, who have agreed beforehand to donate their organs. Some donated organs are taken from non-heart-beating donors. Organs from brain deaths, however, have a better success rate, and currently most organ donation is from these deaths.

Social issues
-------------

A beating heart cadaver is often disturbing and confusing. Because the heart is beating and the body is warm, people may have difficulty believing it is dead. Families often like to see the body once it has been removed from the machines and put to rest.

Related pages
-------------

* Organ donation
A **bootleg recording** is an audio or video recording of a performance or song by an artist which was not officially released by the artist. The process of distributing or making such recordings is called **bootlegging**. 

Recordings may be copied and traded between fans of an artist without profit. But some bootleggers have sold recordings for profit. They sometimes add professional-quality sound engineering and/or packaging to the raw material.

Bootlegs are usually made of either unreleased studio recordings, live performances or interviews with a level of quality that can't be predicted.

Bootlegging dates back to the 16th and 17th centuries, around the time of William Shakespeare.

In the early 20th century, movie soundtracks were often bootlegged. One example was a bootleg of Judy Garland. She performed *Annie Get Your Gun*. That was before Betty Hutton replaced her early in production. It happened after a full soundtrack had been recorded.

Bootlegging increased between the 1960s and 2000s. One of the most praised bootlegs in the 1980s is Prince's studio album *The Black Album*. In December 1987, Prince ordered the album taken down because of a few advance copies being used to make bootlegs.

The rise in popularity of the video sharing website YouTube caused it to be a major carrier of bootleg recordings. Its owner, Google, believes that under the "safe harbor" rule of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), it cannot be held responsible for content. That allows bootleg media to be hosted on it without any fear of a lawsuit. In 2010 Youtube removed a 15-minute limit on videos. That allowed entire concerts to be uploaded by fans and bootleggers.
The **bank vole** (*Myodes glareolus*) is a small, type of vole with red-brown fur with some grey patches, its body is around 100 millimeters (3.9 in) long in length and the tail is around 50 millimeters long. They weigh around 20 to 35 grams, they have blunt noses and have small eyes and ears.

Where it lives
--------------

The Bank vole lives in woodlands, oak woods, farmlands, hedgerows, and grasslands in Europe (except for the north and south) and east, north, and central Asia.

Behavior
--------

The Bank Vole is active during both, day and night, but they rest a lot to stop themselves from getting tired. They make their nests under logs, in tree holes, or sometimes underground. In the autumn they store food for the winter. 

### Feeding

Bank voles are omnivorous, meaning that they eat other animals and plants. They eat insects, snails, grass, seeds, fungi, leaves and fruit, like raspberry and hazelnut. They have also been known to eat the bodies of dead animals.

Lives
-----

Baby Bank voles are born in nests made of grass, moss and feathers. The nests are built above ground, usually in trees. When the babies are born they have no fur and are blind. They live on their mothers milk for the first few weeks of their life. A mother Bank vole has an average of six babies at a time, and can have five litters in a season. A baby Bank vole born in spring will be old enough to breed by the time fall comes. A Bank vole lives for an average of 18 to 20 months.

Predators
---------

Some predators of the Bank vole are the Barn owls, the Tawny owls, the fox, the weasel, and the stoat.
***Banksia tricuspis***, also known as **Lesueur banksia** or **pine banksia**, is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is popularly seen in the south-west of Western Australia. It is a short plant with narrow leaves and spikes of golden-coloured flowers.

Description
-----------

*Banksia tricuspis* is small tree which grows to a height of 4 m (10 ft) with thick, grey, wrinkled, fireproof bark on its trunk. It grows in spring and it's new leaves are pale greenish-brown. The leaves are mostly crowded near the ends of the branches. They are 50–130 mm (2–5 in) long 1.0–1.5 mm (0.04–0.06 in) wide. The upper surface of the leaves is covered with soft hairs at first but the hair fade away as the leaves mature. The lower surface is woolly.

*B. tricuspis* habit in Lesueur National Park
*B. tricuspis* leaves

Nature and location
-------------------

The plant is fireproof and new ones grow after fire. This banksia is mostly found around Mount Lesueur in Lesueur National Park in the Geraldton Sandplains biogeographic region. It grows in rocky lateritic soil in shrubland.
French army SA-330B Puma
RAF Puma.
Romanian Puma.
South African Puma.
Philippines Puma.
Spanish civilian waterbomber Puma.
Civilian Italian SA-330 Puma.
German Puma.
French SA-330 Puma in the desert of Iraq in 1990.
The **Aérospatiale SA-330 Puma** is a transport helicopter designed and built in France. The design was first built by Sud Aviation, and later by Aérospatiale. It was also built by Westland Helicopter in the United Kingdom after an agreement between the two countries It first flew in April 1965. It is mainly used by Armée de l'Air, Royal Air Force, and some other air forces. It is also used by civilians.

SA-330 specifications
---------------------

The **Aérospatiale SA-330 Puma** is 59.6½ feet (18.15 meters) long, 49.2½ feet (15.00 meters) diameter, and 16.10½ feet (5.14 meters) tall. A minimum mass that weighs 7,795 pounds (3,536 kg) and at the maximum mass that weighs 15,532 pounds (7,000 kg). It is powered by two Turbomeca Turmo engines driving a helicopter rotor with four blades.

The passenger cabin allows the reception of sixteen to twenty armed soldiers in military version, and fourteen to sixteen passengers in civil version. The two-seater cockpit of the helicopter is type side by side. A mechanic, also serving the mechanical winch, takes place at the rear. He can used the removable machine gun.

SA-330 users
------------

At the beginning of 2013, these countries were still using or had used the military **Puma**:

 Abu Dhabi
 Algeria
 Argentina
 Belgium
 Brazil
 Chad
 Cameroon
 Chile
 Ivory Coast
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
 France
 Germany
 Greece
 Indonesia
 Iran
 Ireland
 Kuwait
 Malawi
 Mexico
 Morocco
   Nepal
 Nigeria
 Oman
 Pakistan
 Philippines
 Portugal
 Romania
 South Africa
 Senegal
 Slovenia
 Spain
  Switzerland
 Togo
 Turkey
 United Arab Emirates
 United Kingdom

SA-330 variants
---------------

If the majority of Puma was built by Aérospatiale in France and the UK by Westland but. A few others were produced under license in Indonesia, Romania, and South Africa.

### French built Puma

*SA-330A*, *SA-330B*, *SA-330Ba*, *SA-330C*, *SA-330E*, *SA-330F*, *SA-330G*, *SA-330H*, *SA-330J*, *SA-330L*, *SA-330S*, *SA-330Z*.
SA-330A is the prototype and SA-330Z is an experimental version.

### British built Puma

*Puma HC Mk-1*, *Puma HC Mk-2*.
British production is only for the military version.

### Indonesian built Puma

*NAS-330J*. Indonesian Puma are built by IPTN, indigenous aeronautical industry, for civilian and military.

### Romanian built Puma

*IAR-330*, *IAR-330 SOCAT*. Romanian Puma are built by IAR, indigenous aeronautical industriy, for civilian and military. IAR-330 SOCAT is an attack and transport helicopter, like soviet helicopter Mi-24 Hind.

### South African built Puma

*Oryx*. South African Puma are built by Atlas Aircraft Corporation, indigenous aeronautical industriy, for civilian and military.
**Basidiomycota** is a group of higher fungi. It is one of two large phyla that make up the subkingdom Dikarya. The other is the Ascomycota. 

These are "higher fungi". They include jelly and shelf, or bracket fungi, mushrooms, puffballs, and stinkhorns; and the rusts and smuts.

Agaricomycotina
---------------

This sub-phylum includes the "classic" mushrooms, polypores, corals, chanterelles, crusts, puffballs and stinkhorns. The three classes in the Agaricomycotina are the Agaricomycetes, the Dacrymycetes, and the Tremellomycetes.

Pucciniomycotina
----------------

The Pucciniomycotina include the rust fungi, the insect parasitic/symbiotic genus *Septobasidium*, a former group of smut fungi (in the Microbotryomycetes, which includes mirror yeasts), and a mixture of odd, infrequently seen, or seldom recognized fungi, often parasitic on plants.

Ustilaginomycotina
------------------

The Ustilaginomycotina are most (but not all) of the former smut fungi and the Exobasidiales. The classes of the Ustilaginomycotina are the Exobasidiomycetes, the Entorrhizomycetes, and the Ustilaginomycetes.
A flock landing in Tasmania, Australia. Note the barring on the tail
The **bar-tailed godwit** (*Limosa lapponica*) is a water bird. It is a large wader in the family Scolopacidae. It breeds on Arctic coasts and tundra mainly in the Old World, and winters on coasts in temperate and tropical regions of the Old World.

Its migration is the longest known non-stop flight of any bird and also the longest journey without pausing to feed by any animal.

Migrations
----------

The routes of satellite tagged bar-tailed godwits migrating north from New Zealand to Korea and China
The bar-tailed godwit migrates in flocks to coasts in East Asia, Alaska, Australia, Africa, northwestern Europe and New Zealand, where the sub-species *Limosa lapponica baueri* is called **Kūaka** in Māori.

In 2007 birds in New Zealand were tagged and tracked by satellite to the Yellow Sea in China. According to Clive Minton (Australasian Wader Studies Group) "The distance between these two places is 9,575 kilometres (5,950 mi), but the actual track flown by the bird was 11,026 kilometres (6,851 mi)". The flight took about nine days.This is the longest known non-stop flight of any bird. At least three other bar-tailed godwits reached the Yellow Sea after non-stop flights from New Zealand.

One female in the flock, nicknamed "E7", flew onward from China to Alaska and stayed there for the breeding season. Then on 29 August 2007 she departed on a non-stop flight from the Avinof Peninsula in western Alaska to the Piako River near Thames New Zealand, setting a new known flight record of 11,680 kilometres (7,258 mi).
2 bars of 4/4 time consisting just of rests (silence)
A **bar** or **measure** is used in writing music. It is a way of organizing the written music in small sections. Each bar is a small amount of time. Most music has a regular beat (or pulse) which can be felt. Each bar usually has the same number of beats in it. Music that feels like **1**-2-3-4-**1**-2-3-4 will be divided into bars with four beats worth of music in each bar.

The **bar line** (or **barline**) is a vertical line written in the music which separates the bars. 

A bar line
At the beginning of a piece of music there will be a time signature. The top number shows how many beats there are in each bar. The time signature tells you how long each measure is. 

Double bar lines
A **double bar** does not mean "two bars". It is two single bar lines drawn close together. These are simply ways of visually dividing the music into sections. A double bar line can be written with one being thicker than the other. This double bar line shows the end of a piece of music.

End bar lines
If there are two dots on the left of the double bar line, this is a **repeat sign**. The player should go back to the beginning and start again. If the composer only wants the performer to repeat a section of the music, and not go back to the beginning, they can put in a "start repeat" sign. This is a double bar line with two dots on the right.

Repeat signs
The first beat of a bar feels stronger than the others. When a conductor beats time, his hand (or baton) always goes DOWN for the first beat of the bar. This feels strong. The last beat of a bar is an "upbeat" because the conductor's hand always goes up.

Barlines have been used since around 1600.
How an atomic force microscope works.How an atomic force microscope works.
**Atomic force microscopes** (AFMs) are a type of microscope. AFMs provide pictures of atoms on or in surfaces. Like the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the purpose of the AFM is to look at objects on the atomic level. In fact, the AFM may be used to look at individual atoms. It is commonly used in nanotechnology.

The AFM can do some things that the SEM cannot do. The AFM can provide higher resolution than the SEM. Further, the AFM does not need to operate in a vacuum. In fact, the AFM can operate in ambient air or water, so it can be used to see surfaces of biological samples like living cells.

The AFM works by employing an ultra-fine needle attached to a cantilever beam. The tip of the needle runs over the ridges and valleys in the material being imaged, "feeling" the surface. As the tip moves up and down due to the surface, the cantilever deflects. In one basic configuration, a laser shines on the cantilever at an oblique angle, and allows for the direct measurement of the deflection in the cantilever by simply changing the angle of incidence for the laser beam. In this way, an image may be created revealing the configuration of the molecules being imaged by the machine.

There are many different operating modes for an AFM. One is the "contact mode", where the tip is simply moved across the surface and the cantilever deflections are measured. Another mode is called "tapping mode", because the tip is tapped against the surface as it travels along. By controlling how hard the tip is tapped, the AFM can move away from the surface when the needle feels a ridge, so that it will not hit against the surface when it moves across. This mode is also useful for biological samples, because it is less likely to damage a soft surface.
These are the basic modes most commonly used. However there are different names and methods such as "intermittent contact mode", "non-contact mode", "dynamic" and "static" modes and more, but these are often variations on the above described tapping and contact modes.

Related pages
-------------

* Microscope
* Electron microscope
Brasilianite from the municipality of Conselheiro Pena (MG)
**Brazilianite** is a typically yellow-green phosphate mineral, most commonly found in phosphate-rich pegmatites. It was originally found in Brazil, and was named after the country in which it was first found.

| Brazilianite |
| --- |
| Brazilianite from type locality, Conselheiro Pena, Minas Gerais, Brazil |
| General |
| Category | Phosphate minerals |
| Formula
(repeating unit) | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4
sodium aluminium phosphate hydroxide |
| Strunz classification | 8.BK.05 |
| Crystal system | Monoclinic |
| Crystal class | Prismatic (2/m)
(same H-M symbol) |
| Space group | *P2*1/n |
| Unit cell | a = 11.229 Å,
b = 10.142 Å,
c = 7.098 Å; β = 97.4°; Z = 4 |
| Identification |
| Color | Yellow, green, colorless |
| Crystal habit | Prismatic crystals, may be radially-fibrous or globular druses |
| Cleavage | (010) Distinct to good |
| Fracture | Conchoidal |
| Mohs scale hardness | 5.5 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Streak | White |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent to translucent |
| Specific gravity | 2.98 |
| Optical properties | Biaxial (+) |
| Refractive index | nα = 1.602 nβ = 1.609 nγ = 1.621 - 1.623 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.019 - 0.021 |
| References |  |

It occurs in the form of perfect crystals grouped in druses, in pegmatites, and is often of precious-stone quality. One noted deposit of brazilianite is in the surroundings of Conselheiro Pena, in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Some of these are found on leaves of muscovite with their strong silvery glitter, ingrown in their parent rock. The crystals, dark greenish-yellow to olive-green, sometimes measure up to 12 cm (4.7 in) in length and 8 cm (3.1 in) in width. Crystals of similar shape and dimensions have been discovered in another deposit in Minas Gerais, near Mantena, but they lack the perfection of the crystal form.[*source?*] Many brazilianites found in mineral collections originated from the Palermo and the Charles Davis mines in Grafton County, New Hampshire.
**Brent Peterson** (born July 20, 1972 in Calgary, Alberta) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. Peterson, a left winger, played in 56 games over three seasons for the National Hockey League's (NHL) Tampa Bay Lightning, scoring nine goals and assisting on one. After his three NHL seasons, Peterson spent four seasons in Europe, playing for teams in Switzerland and Germany.

Early years
-----------

Peterson joined the United States Hockey League's Thunder Bay Flyers for the 1990–91 season, at the age of eighteen. In 48 regular season games, he recorded 27 goals and 40 assists, and added eight goals and nine assists in 10 playoff games. In 1991–92, Peterson began playing college hockey with the Western Collegiate Hockey Association's Michigan Tech Huskies. After scoring 20 points in the 1992–93 season, Peterson increased his point total to 42 in 1993–94. In 1994–95, he scored 25 goals and had 21 assists; both totals were the highest of his college career, as was his 46 points. Peterson's statistical production declined slightly in his last college season, 1995–96, as he posted 20 goals and 16 assists.

Professional career
-------------------

In the 1993 NHL Supplemental Draft, Peterson was chosen as the third overall selection by the Tampa Bay Lightning. Following the end of his college career, he was sent to the Atlanta Knights, the Lightning's affiliate in the minor league International Hockey League (IHL). With the Knights, Peterson had 28 points in 69 regular season games, but went scoreless in three playoff games. In 1996–97, Peterson spent most of his playing time with the American Hockey League's Adirondack Red Wings, for whom he scored 45 points in the regular season and four in the playoffs. During that season, he made his NHL debut with the Lightning, and scored two goals in 17 games. The 1997–98 season saw Peterson again split time between the NHL and minor league hockey; he tallied five goals in 19 games for the Lightning, and 20 goals and 39 assists for the IHL's Milwaukee Admirals. He played his final NHL games in the 1998–99 season, when he posted two goals and his only NHL assist in 20 games for the Lightning. In addition, he had 13 goals and 12 assists in 35 games for two IHL clubs.

In March 1999, the Lightning traded Peterson to the Pittsburgh Penguins organization. He became a free agent after the season, and the Nashville Predators signed him. During the 1999–00 season, Peterson spent the entire campaign with the Admirals, the Predators' IHL affiliate, scoring 32 points in the regular season and five in the playoffs. Peterson moved to Europe for the 2000–01 season, beginning the season with the SCL Tigers in Switzerland's National League A. In 10 games, he recorded three goals and two assists before moving to Germany to play for the Deutsche Eishockey Liga's Kassel Huskies. Peterson finished 2000–01 season with the Tigers and spent three more seasons with the club; his best statistical season in Germany was 2002–03, when he had 25 regular season points, along with three in the playoffs.

Other websites
--------------

* Brent Peterson career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database
The **Brazilian Space Agency** (Brazilian Portuguese: *Agência Espacial Brasileira*; **AEB**) is the Brazilian agency for the country's growing space program. It runs a spaceport at Alcântara and a launch pad at Barreira do Inferno. The Brazilian Space Agency made Brazil a part of the International Space Station mission.

History
-------

The Brazil Space Program was created in 1961 and was controlled by the Brazilian military. Since the military controlled the program, research there was not much research. Some technological research was not allowed because other countries were worried about developing ICBMs with nuclear bombs.

Brazil launched it's first Brazilian made satellite on February 9, 1993. The satellite was used to study space.

On February 10, 1994, the Brazilian military stopped running the Space Program, which then became the Brazilian Space Agency.

In 2003, a rocket exploded and killed 21 people. Brazil was able to successfully launch its first rocket into space on October 23, 2004. Several other successful launches have followed.

On March 30, 2006, Brazilian astronaut Marcos Pontes became the first Brazilian and the first native Portuguese-speaking person to go to space. He stayed on the International Space Station for a week. He landed in Kazakhstan on April 8, 2006 with the astronauts on Expedition 12.

Launch Sites
------------

### Alcântara Launch Center

The Alcântara Launch Center (Portuguese: *Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara*; CLA) is the main launch site and home to the Brazilian Space Agency. It is in the state of Maranhão. This place is good because not many people live there and it is easy to protect. It also gives good access to the sky and sea. Since it is close to the equator, it makes launching a special type of satellite that stays over one part of the earth much easier.

### Barreira do Inferno Launch Center

The Barreira do Inferno Launch Center (Portuguese: *Centro de Lançamento da Barreira do Inferno*; CLBI) is another launch site of the Brazilian Space Agency. It is in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. It is mostly used to launch a special type of rocket for research. It also helps the Alcântara Launch Center.

Other websites
--------------

* Official site in Portuguese Archived 2010-12-24 at the Wayback Machine
* "An article on the agency". Archived from the original on 2003-08-27.
Tobacco hornworm caterpillar parasitized by Braconid wasp larvae.
Braconid *Apanteles* cocoons on *Papilio demoleus* caterpillar
The **Braconidae** are a family of parasitoid wasps. They are one of the richest families of insects: there are between 50,000 and 150,000 species worldwide. The species are grouped into 45 subfamilies and about 1,000 genera.

Parasitism
----------

Most braconids are parasitoids (both external and internal) on other insects. Their victims are the larvae of Coleoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera, and also some hemimetabolous insects such as aphids and bugs. 

Most species kill their hosts, though some cause the hosts to become sterile and less active. The endoparasitoid species lay their eggs inside the victim. They have elaborate adaptations which improve larval survival inside the host. They have endosymbiotic viruses which disable the host immune defences. These polydnaviruses are often used by the wasps instead of a venom cocktail. 

The DNA of the wasp actually has bits which are the templates for the viral particles. A study suggested these arrangements had started about 100 million years ago.

These viruses suppress the larva's immune system and allow the parasitoid to grow inside the host undetected. Through the evolutionary history of being used by the wasps, these viruses apparently have become so modified, they appear unlike any other known viruses today. Because of this highly modified system of host immunosuppression, a high level of parasitoid-host specificity is not surprising. In other words, the viruses need to be a bit different for every host species.

Parasitism on adult insects (particularly on Hemiptera and Coleoptera) also happens. Members of two subfamilies are known to form galls on plants.
Brachiopods filter plankton, using a specialized organ: the lophophore. It is exceptional to find silicified skeletons of this organ. You can see it in this specimen of *Liospiriferina* from the Jurassic
**Brachiopods** are a phylum of small marine shellfish, sometimes called **lampshells**. They are not common today, but in the Palaeozoic they were one of the most common types. They lived near the shore (littoral zone), but now they have been pushed into deeper water by competition from bivalve molluscs.

At their peak in the Palaeozoic era the brachiopods occupied a number of marine ecological niches. They were among the most abundant filter-feeders and reef-builders. Many sat on the sea floor, but some swam in the jet-propulsion style of scallops. Brachiopod fossils have been useful indicators of climate changes during the Paleozoic era. 

They do look rather like bivalves, but their internal organisation is quite different. Their mostly calcium carbonate shells or "valves" have upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs. Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear end. The front can be opened for feeding or closed for protection. 

Two major groups are recognized, **articulate** and **inarticulate**. Articulate brachiopods have toothed hinges and simple opening and closing muscles, while inarticulate brachiopods have untoothed hinges and a more complex system of muscles used to fit the two halves together. In a typical brachiopod a stalk-like pedicle goes from an opening in one of the valves (the pedicle valve). It attaches the animal to the seabed but clear of silt that would block the opening.

Brachiopods have a huge fossil record going back to the Cambrian. They were much reduced by the two main extinction events, the P/Tr and K/T. Bivalve molluscs took over their inshore habitats in the Mesozoic, and since then the brachiopods have been confined to deeper water, except for a handful of species. There are about 100 to 350 species living; the fossil species number 12,000.

*Lingula*, one of the oldest genera of brachiopods, has survived from the earliest Ordovician to the present day. The various species look very similar, and the genus is a good example of a living fossil.

Brachiopod classification is being debated by invertebrate palaeontologists.

Image gallery
-------------

* An articulate brachiopodAn articulate brachiopod
* Modern Lingula anatina, very much aliveModern *Lingula anatina*, very much alive
* An Upper Ordovician articulate brachiopodAn Upper Ordovician articulate brachiopod
**Bosnia and Herzegovina** sent people to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Only one person was on the team. It was 19-year-old para-alpine skier Ilma Kazazic.

Team
----

Bosnia and Herzegovina was represented by only one person at the 2018 Winter Paralympics. Ilma Kazazic competes in slalom and giant slalom. Three people will accompany Kazazic. The total delegation is four people. The other people are team coach Leon Svetlin, doctor Mirsad Muftić, and chef-de-mission Osman Hadžić. The team departed for South Korea in late February. They arrived in the village on 6 March.

The table below contains the list of members of people (called "Team Bosnia and Herzegovina") that will be participating in the 2018 Games.

Team Bosnia and Herzegovina| Name | Sport | Gender | Classification | Events | ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ilma Kazazic | para-alpine skiing | female | LW3 | slalom and giant slalom |  |

History
-------

The country has never won a medal at the Winter Paralympics. Before 2018, only three people represented Bosnia and Herzegovina at the Winter Paralympics.  They were Nijaz Memic in 2010 and Ilma Kazazic and Senad Turkovic.  All three are para-alpine skiers.

Para-alpine skiing
------------------

Ilma Kazazic is representing Bosnia and Herzegovina. She competes in the slalom and giant slalom races. Her coach is Leon Svetlin.

### Schedule and results

The first event on the para-alpine program is the downhill. It starts on 10 March, running from 9:30 AM to 1:30 PM. The second event on the program is Super-G. All skiers will race between 9:30 AM and 1:00 PM on 11 March. The super combined takes place on 13 March. The Super-G part of the event is in the morning. The slalom part is in the afternoon. The slalom event gets underway on 14 March and conclude on 15 March. Women and men both race during the same sessions in the morning. The afternoon sessions start with the women doing their second run. Then the men go.The last para-alpine skiing race of the 2018 Games is the giant slalom. It takes place on 17 - 18 March.  Men and women both race at the same time in the morning sessions.  Women race first in the afternoon sessions, with the men racing a half hour after they end.
Borax in its powder form
What borax looks like in crystal form.
**Borax** is a chemical compound. It usually is in the form of a white powder. The powder has soft crystals. They are easy to dissolve in water. Its scientific name is "sodium borate". Miners find half of the borax in the world in the deserts of California. They discovered it in Death Valley in 1881.

The chemical formula for borax

Uses
----

Borax has many uses. It is an ingredient of many detergents, cosmetics, and enamel glazes. It is also used to make buffer solutions in biochemistry. Factories use it as a fire retardant, and to kill fungi that can harm the human body. It is also used in fiberglass, as a flux in metallurgy, slime, and as an insecticide. When mixed with water, it helps the soap clean dishes or clothes better. It can take the smell and stain off bathroom and kitchen surfaces. It also takes the smell out of shoes.

Maria Telkes used borax in the first solar-powered home, invented in 1948. The special walls of the home took energy from the sun and stored it in liquid salt. She used borax to keep the energy storage system running well. The borax kept bacteria from changing the salt solution into something different.
**Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC)** is what happens to a dilute gas when it is made very cold, near absolute zero (0 K which equals −273.15 °C or −459.67 °F). It forms when the particles that make it up have very low energy. Only bosons can make a Bose–Einstein condensate. The gas has an extremely low density, about one-hundred-thousandth the density of normal air.

A Bose–Einstein condensate is a change of state. When matter is in the BEC state it has zero viscosity. Superfluidity and superconductivity are both closely connected with the BEC state of matter.

Theory
------

Particles have energy. They can have a lot of energy and bounce wildly like in gases; have less energy and flow like a liquid; or have even less energy like a solid. If you take enough of the particle's energy away you get to the tiniest or the smallest amount of energy possible. This is a Bose–Einstein condensate. This makes all of the particles exactly the same and instead of bouncing around randomly in all different directions, they all bounce up and down in exactly the same way, forming something called a 'giant matter wave'.

History
-------

The Bose-Einstein Condensate was first suggested by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in 1924–25. Seventy years later, its existence was proved. Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman made the first Bose–Einstein condensate in 1995 at the University of Colorado. Cornell, Wieman,and Wolfgang Ketterle at MIT were then given the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Experiments
-----------

Usually, to get anything cold enough to make a Bose–Einstein condensate you must first trap the boson using magnets, then, by bouncing lasers off them, take all of their energy away (Laser cooling). But, this still doesn't get it cold enough. Some of the particles will still be bouncing around a lot, and only some will be lying down as needed, so the magnetic field is slowly lowered bit by bit, to let the faster bouncing particles out. This leaves the coldest and slowest atoms inside.
Image, the scale (small line in the image is about 2cm)
***Bathyphysa conifera***, is a species of siphonophore. They live about 1000 to 4000 meters below the ocean. This depth is called the bathypelagic zone.

*Bathyphysa conifera* was nicknamed the "Flying Spaghetti Monster" by the oil workers who first saw it. Its cluster of reproductive structures called gonophores look a bit like cones. 

*Bathyphysa conifera* is found in the Atlantic Ocean: off the coast of Gabon and as far south as Angola. It is also in Monterey Bay in the Pacific Ocean.

These colonial organisms are all composites: they are groups of organisms, not single organisms. This is usual for the jellyfish called siphonophores. 
It is a group of polyps with no propulsion. Without propulsion, *B. conifera* moves by contracting and relaxing the body stem. The tentacles have stinging cells called nematocysts.

The entire animal, including tentacles, is several meters long. The feeding polyps are pink when young, before developing tentacles. A mature feeding polyp is yellow with a single tentacle.

Colonies are unisexual, and reproduce by asexual reproduction.

Ecology
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Like many siphonophores, it is carnivorous. The typical siphonophore diet consists of a variety of copepods, small crustaceans, and small fish. *B. conifera* has been seen eating a lanternfish.

A species of manefish in the genus *Caristius* associates mutualistically with *B. conifera*, using it for shelter, stealing meals, and perhaps nibbling on its host as well. The fish protects it from amphipod parasites like *Themisto*.
In computing, **blacklisting** is a form of access control. A proxy server might check the list of pages accessed against a *blacklist*, if the address is on the blacklist, the page cannot be accessed.

Screenshot of a web page of a Wikimedia Foundation project. Filing a blacklisting request.

Examples of systems protected
-----------------------------

Blacklists are used to protect a variety of systems in computing. The content of the blacklist has to be targeted to the type of system defended.

### Information systems

An information system includes hosts like computers and servers. A blacklist in this location may include certain types of software that aren't allowed to run in the company environment. For example, a company might blacklist worker to worker file sharing on its systems, to stop them editing worker information. In addition to software, people, devices and websites can also be blacklisted.

### Email

Most email providers have an anti-spam feature that essentially blacklists certain email addresses if they are thought to be spam or malicious. For example, a user who gets of a lot of emails from a particular address, they may blacklist that address, and the email client will automatically route all messages from that address to a junk-mail folder or delete them without telling the user.

An e-mail spam filter may keep a blacklist of email addresses, any mail from which would be prevented from reaching its intended destination. It may also use sending domain names or sending IP addresses to implement a more general block.

In addition to private email blacklists, there are lists that are kept for public use, including:

* China Anti-Spam Alliance
* Fabel Spamsources
* Spam and Open Relay Blocking System
* The DrMX Project

### Web browsing

The goal of a blacklist in a web browser is to prevent the user from visiting a malicious or deceitful web page via filtering. A common web browsing blacklist is Google's Safe Browsing, which is installed by default in Firefox, Safari, and Chrome.

### Usernames and passwords

Blacklisting can also apply to user information. It is usual for systems or websites to blacklist certain usernames that aren't allowed to be chosen by the system or website's users. These reserved usernames are commonly associated with built-in system administration functions. Also usually blocked by default are profane words and racial slurs, for example, ROBLOX has a feature blocking certain usernames from being used.

Password blacklists are very similar to username blacklists but contain more entries than username blacklists. Password blacklists are used to stop users from choosing passwords that are easily guessed or are well known and could lead to unauthorized access by malicious parties. Password blacklists are used as a layer of security, which sets the requirements of the password length and/or character complexity. This is because there are a lot of number password combinations that fulfill many password policies but are still easily guessed (i.e. Password123, Qwerty123).
For other uses, see Blackmail (disambiguation).
**Blackmail** means threatening to say something bad about someone unless that person pays some money.

If someone has committed a crime, another person might blackmail them. The blackmailer might, for example, say that if the criminal does not give them a large amount of money, they will tell the police.

A blackmailer may threaten to say something embarrassing that someone unless they hand over a sum of money. For example, it maybe something about an intimacy that they are having that they do not want everyone to know about.

Sometimes, a business may blackmail another business. They might threaten to harm that business in some way unless money is paid.

Blackmail is against the law. People who are caught blackmailing may be sent to jail.

History
-------

Blackmail started on the borders of England and Scotland. Blackmail was the money left out by landowners in England so that raiders from Scotland did not steal their animals or damage the property.

Related pages
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* Bribery
August Vandekerkhove
Seal of the Cosmosophic Movement
**August Vandekerkhove** (15 October 1838 Kanegem – 24 March 1923 Mâcon) was a Belgian writer, playwright, poet, painter and inventor. He wrote under the pseudonym S.U. Zanne. Vandekerkhove started a movement he called Cosmosofie (Cosmosophy). He said that Cosmosophy was the opposite of Theosophy. When he was young he wrote a novel and three plays. His literary work was inspired by ethics and psychology. Later he moved to Scotland, the USA and France.

In France he wrote works on kabala, esotericism and the occult. He was one of the first writers talking about subjects like feminism and the Age of Aquarius. Each year on Palm Sunday at 5 PM, at the cemetery of Flacé in Mâcon in France, people come together to remember him.

Publications
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### In Dutch language

#### Novel

* Een zomerlief (A Summer Love), (1864)

#### Plays

* Een eerlijk man (A Honest Man), (1870) - Reprinted in Dutch in the USA
* De vrouwenhater (The woman's hater) (1865)
* Freule Laura's laatste liefde (Lady Laura's Last Love)

### In French language

#### Private editions for his disciples at less than 30 copies

* Doctrine Secrète, principes et éléments d'astrologie, 554 pages, (1900)
* L'Asataruth du Pfar-Isis, (1900) - Reprinted in French in Italy (2004)
* Principes et éléments Cosmosophie, (1899-1906)

#### Public editions

* Vingt-quatre cours introductoires-préparatoires aux principes et éléments de Cosmosophie, (1909)
* Principes et éléments d'Education Cosmosophique, (1924)
* Occultisme occidental et ésotérisme oriental, (1927)
* Principes et éléments de la Langue Sacrée selon l'Astro-Kabbale d'Al Chami, (1929)
* L'Atlantide,(1931)
* Lettres des Pays de l'Au-Delà, (1933)
Caspian Sea coast in Hovsan.
Below is a list of the **water bodies of Azerbaijan**, which include rivers and lakes. Canals which are artificial rivers and reservoirs which are artifical lakes are also a part of Azerbaijan's water systems.

The hydrography of Azerbaijan basically belongs to the Caspian Sea drainage basin.

Rivers
------

The Kur and Aras are the longest rivers of Azerbaijan and their drainage basin covers most of the country.
The Aras River in Iranian border with the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan.
There are 8,359 rivers of various lengths within Azerbaijan. Of them 8,188 rivers are less than 25 kilometers in length. Only 24 rivers are over 100 kilometers long. The largest rivers that flow through the country are:

* Kur
* Aras
* Qanix, located in Alazan
* Qabirri, also known as Iori in Georgia
* Samur
* Pirsaat
* Tartarchay (tributaries Levchay, Addabanchay, Turagaychay)
* Turyan
* Agstafa
* Hekeri
* Vilesh

### River system

The rivers in Azerbaijan can be divided into three groups:

1. The Kur basin rivers (Qanix, Qabirri, Turyan, Agstafa, Shekir, Terter, Khachin, etc.)
2. The Aras basin rivers (Arpachay, Nakhchivan, Okhchu, Hekeri, Kondelenchay, etc.)
3. Rivers, flowing directly into the Caspian Sea (Samur, Gudyal, Velvele, Vilesh, Lenkeran, etc.)

### Kur and Aras

The Kur and Aras are the longest rivers in Azerbaijan. The rivers directly flow into the Caspian Sea. They come from the north-eastern slope of the Greater Caucasus and Talysh Mountains and run along the Samur-Devechi and Lenkeran lowlands.

The Kur River drainage basin area (86,000 km²) up to the junction with the Aras River is smaller than the Aras drainage basin (101,937 km²). The river is still called Kur on the junction because the water level of the Kura is twice as high as that of the Aras River.

Lakes
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Lake Goygol.
* Aggol
* Jandargol
* Lake Hadjikabul, the largest lake by area and volume
* Lake Boyukshor
* Lake Sarysu
* Lake Goygol
* Maral-gol
* Masazirgol
* Ajinohur
* Boyuk Alagol

Reservoirs
----------

Mingachevir Reservoir seen from outer space.
There are over 60 water reservoirs. These help guide the river flow in Azerbaijan. Most of them are used for irrigation. The largest water reservoirs are:

* Mingachevir reservoir, the largest reservoir by area
* Shemkir reservoir
* Araz reservoir
* Serseng reservoir
* Agstafachay reservoir
* Varvara reservoir
* Jeyranbatan reservoir
* Khanbulanchay reservoir
* Yenikend reservoir
**Brunhilda** (c. 534 – 613) was a Visigoth princess. Her father was King Athanagild of Spain. She married King Sigebert I of Austrasia. She ruled the eastern kingdoms of Austrasia and Burgundy in the names of her sons and grandsons. At first she was known as a fair and just ruler. She later became known for her cruelty and vengeful behavior.

Before her arrival to the Frankish kingdoms, Brunhilda was an Arian Christian, but later converted to Roman Catholicism. Brunhilda traveled to Austrasia to marry King Sigebert I. King Sigebert I's half brother, King Chilperic I married Brunhilda's sister, Galswintha. However, Galswintha was not happy, and wanted to go home and take back her dowry. King Chilperic refused, and murdered her. King Chilperic remmarried Fredegund, his first wife. Lots of tension was created between Fredegund and Brunhilda. In 575 C.E. King Sigebert was murdered by King Chilperic, and Brunhilda was exiled to Paris. Later, Brunhilda married Fredegund and Chilperic's son, Merovech. Brunhilda gained power, but Merovech and Brunhilda were split up by King Chilperic, and Brunhilda was exiled once more. In 585 C.E. King Chilperic died, believed to have been murdered by Fredegund. Fredegund started to favor Brunhilda. However, Brunhilda was caught by another of Fredegund and Chilperic’s sons, Chlotar II. She was blamed for the murder of ten kings, including her husband, children, grandchildren, Merovech, and Chilperic. She was found guilty (even though she was not) and put to death in a very gruesome way; she was tied to the back of a wild horse and dragged to her death.
The **autism rights movement** is a social movement that wants changes for autistic people and their caregivers. It wants the autism spectrum to be accepted by society as just a difference in ability to function in daily life. It does not believe autism is a mental disorder that needs to be cured.

The autism rights movement is sometimes controversial. It argues against the belief that most people with autism have low intelligence. Some people in the movement do not agree that this is true. There is fear that professionals, such as social workers, may try to prevent autistics from being married or having children. Also, people in the movement say that autistic people should not be treated differently from anyone else.

The movement has a variety of goals:

* more acceptance of autistic behavior
* treatment to teach autistic people how to cope with daily life
* opposing cures for autism
* creating more social networks and events for autistic people to attend as they are able
* recognizing autistic people as a minority group

Autism rights activists are sometimes called neurodiversity activists. Neurodiversity is a word for how everyone's brains are different. Autistic people have different brains to people who do not have autism. People who do not have autism are called neurotypical people. The word 'neurodiversity' is preferred to 'autism' because it is not saying that autism is a medical condition. 'Neurotypical' is said instead of 'normal' because people think that normal means better.

Related pages
-------------

* Autism spectrum
* Social movement and Activism
* Neurodiversity
The Azumi were a clan and tribe of warriors in Japan during the Jōmon period. They are known for their culture and beliefs, which are considered one of the earliest sea religions in Japan. They lived in Northern Kyushu and were active from the early 3rd to 7th centuries. They were great sailors, and had a big navy.. They lived in an area called Chikuzen, which is now part of Fukuoka Prefecture. The Azumi people used their knowledge of tidal changes, weather patterns, and star constellations to explore and navigate the sea successfully. They followed the sea God, Watatsumi, and a powerful deity named Isora, who provided them with spiritual guidance in their daily lives.

Shikaumi Jinja
--------------

Shikaumi Shrine is their ancestral shrine. The shrine is taken care of by a priest who is believed to be a descendant of the Azumi clan. The biennial gojinkosai ceremony held at the shrine is recognized as an intangible cultural property by the prefecture.. The shrine, incorporates a deer motif in its rituals and designs. The deer motif is significant to the Azumi people and their beliefs, and is a common feature in the historic culture of the region.