recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Cosplayer as Sandman fighting Spider-Man.
**Sandman** (**William Baker**, better known as **Flint Marko**) is a character and antagonist in Marvel Comics, typically serving as an enemy of Spider-Man. He is a supervillain who can control and manipulate sand. Sandman was created by the late Stan Lee and the late Steve Ditko. He started out as a recurring adversary to the superhero Spider-Man, has been slowly redeemed over time, eventually becoming an antihero. The Sandman has also been an enemy of the Fantastic Four and is a founding member of the supervillain teams the Sinister Six and the Frightful Four.

The character has been adapted into various other media incarnations of Spider-Man, including films, television series, and video games. In live-action, he was portrayed by Thomas Haden Church in *Spider-Man 3* (2007) and the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) movie *Spider-Man: No Way Home* (2021). A creature based on the Sandman appeared in the MCU film *Spider-Man: Far From Home* (2019), which was actually an illusion created by a series of drones operated by Mysterio. In 2009, the Sandman was ranked as IGN's 72nd Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time.

Source
------

* Some text was copied from Sandman (Marvel) at Villains Wiki, which is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (Unported) (CC-BY-SA 3.0) license.
*The Procession of the Magi*
**Benozzo Gozzoli** (c. 1421 – 4 October 1497) was an Italian Renaissance painter. He is most famous for a small chapel that he decorated with frescos of the *Procession of the Magi*.

Life
----

Benozzo was born in Florence in about 1420. Nothing is known about his parents, or how he started training as an artist. The first that is known of him is that in 1444 he was working with the famous sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti, who was making the bronze doors for the Baptistry of Florence Cathedral.

In 1447 he started working with the painter Fra Angelico. He went to Rome with Fra Angelico to help paint the Chapel of Pope Nicholas V in the Vatican. In 1449 he was working in his own studio.

Works
-----

For many years Benozzo worked as an assistant to other artists. At that time, he had to make his style match the style of the master, so it is hard to tell his art works apart. When Benozzo painted on his own, his pictures are rich with many details in the clothing, the buildings and the landscape. He was extremely good at painting faces, and many of the people in his pictures seem to be portraits of real people.

* In 1450 he had two important jobs. The first was to paint the *Life of St Francis of Assisi* in the town of Montefalco.
* In Florence, a new palace had been built for Cosimo Medici. Benozzo got the job of decorating the walls with frescos. The paintings are a the *Procession of the Magi*. "The Magi" is a term used for the wise men who, in the Gospel of Matthew, came to visit Jesus as a young child. They are often also called "The Three Kings". The Palace is called the Riccardi-Medici Palace.

Benozzo painted a great procession going around the walls of the chapel, with well-known people painted as the Kings, and members of the Medici family and their friends in the procession. The painting is brightly coloured and full all many interesting details. It is his most famous work.
* Benozzo also worked in the city of San Gimignano. In the Collegiate Church, where there were already many frescoes, he painted a picture of Saint Sebastian.

At St. Augustine's Church, he painted another picture of Saint Sebastian. Saint Sebastian was the saint who people asked to help when plague was making people in the town sick.
Benozzo then painted one of his most important works, a series of frescos in the "chancel" (main chapel) of the church, showing the life of Saint Augustine. There are 17 large pictures, each one telling a scene from the saint's life.

Gallery
-------

* The Madonna and Child with St. Francis of Assisi and St. BernadinoThe Madonna and Child with St. Francis of Assisi and St. Bernadino
* One of the Three Kings is Lorenzo MediciOne of the Three Kings is Lorenzo Medici
* One wall of the chapel showing stories of St. Augustine of Hippo.One wall of the chapel showing stories of St. Augustine of Hippo.
* St. Augustine studying the BibleSt. Augustine studying the Bible

Related pages
-------------

* List of Italian painters
A bisque doll of Momotarō
**Momotarō** (桃太郎, "Peach Boy") is a popular hero from Japanese folklore. His name literally means *Peach Tarō*. Because *Tarō* is a common Japanese boy's name, it is usually translated as *Peach Boy*. *Momotarō* is also the name of several books, films, and other works that tell the tale of this hero.

The most common version of this tale (from the Edo Period), tells Momotarō came to earth inside a giant peach. The peach was found floating down a river by an old woman without children who was washing clothes there. The woman and her husband found the child when they tried to open the peach to eat it. The child explained that he had been sent by Heaven to be their son. The couple called him Momotarō, from *momo* (peach) and *tarō* (oldest son in the family).

An older version of the story tells the old woman discover the giant, floating peach and take it home with her, as she finds it to be of good color and looking tasty. After eating a piece of the peach, the old woman is rejuvenated and becomes young and beautiful again. When her old husband comes home from the hills, he is surprised to find a lovely young lady in his house. At first he does not even recognize his own wife in her new form, but she explains what happened to him. She then gives her husband a piece of the peach to eat, and he also becomes young again. That night, the couple makes love, and the woman becomes pregnant as a result. She later gives birth to their first child, a son, whom they name *Tarō*, as that is a common Japanese name for a first son. This version of the story is the oldest one that is written in old texts, but it appears to have been changed with the version without sex in school textbooks of the Meiji period. The peach is often seen as a symbol of sex or fertility in Japan, because its fruit is believed to be similar to a woman's buttocks.

Years later, Momotarō left his parents for an island called Onigashima to destroy the evil oni (demons or ogres) that lived there. On his way, Momotarō met and became friends with a talking dog, monkey, and pheasant, who agreed to help him in his mission. At the island, Momotarō and his animal friends entered the demons' fort and beat the demons' leader, Ura, and his army. Momotarō returned home with his new friends, and his family lived happily from then on.

Related pages
-------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Momotaro***.

* Japanese Folklore
* Urashima Tarō
* Kintaro

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | **Japanese Mythology & Folklore** |
| **Mythic Texts and Folktales:**
 Kojiki | Nihon Shoki | Otogizōshi | Yotsuya Kaidan
 Urashima Tarō | Kintarō | Momotarō | Tamamo-no-Mae
 **Divinities:**
 Izanami | Izanagi | Amaterasu
 Susanoo | Ama-no-Uzume | Inari
 List of divinities | Kami | Seven Lucky Gods
 **Legendary Creatures:**
 Oni | Kappa | Tengu | Tanuki | Fox | Yōkai | Dragon
 **Mythical and Sacred Places:**
 Mt. Hiei | Mt. Fuji | Izumo | Ryūgū-jō | Takamagahara | Yomi |
**Jorge González** (January 31, 1966 – September 22, 2010) was an Argentine professional wrestler and basketball player. He is known for competing in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and World Wrestling Federation (WWF). He also competed for New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW).

Before becoming a professional wrestler, González played basketball. He was the tallest Argentine basketball player in history, standing at 2.29 m (7 ft 6.25 in).

He was drafted in the 1988 NBA Draft by the Atlanta Hawks in the third round. González along with Hernán Montenegro (who was drafted 3 spots after him) became the first Argentine players drafted in the NBA. He was not able to adapt to the physical demands of NBA basketball because of a serious knee injury.

He was known for wearing a full body suit that featured airbrushed muscles with bushy hair attached. He debuted in the WWF at the Royal Rumble in January 1993, where he eliminated The Undertaker from the Royal Rumble match even though he was not an official participant. González challenged The Undertaker at WrestleMania IX but lost by disqualification when he knocked Undertaker unconscious by using chloroform. This win for The Undertaker remains the only instance where he did not have a decisive victory in his WrestleMania streak.

Championships
-------------

* **Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
	+ He was ranked **#112** of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1991.

Other websites
--------------

* WWE profile
***Newtown, Wales (Powys)***

The Lion Hotel, Located in Newtown
**Newtown** (Welsh: **Y Drenewydd**) is a town in the county of Powys, Wales. Its population of 11,357 makes it the largest town in Powys. It lies on the River Severn in the historic county of Montgomeryshire.

Newtown lies about 8 miles (13 km) from the border with England. 

Newtown is home to many small, locally owned businesses such as 'No.1 High Street'. 

In Newtown there are many different pubs/ nightclubs and restaurants/ Cafe's/ takeaway places like McDonalds, Burger King, Dominoes Pizza, Baba Ali's, Rambo's Flaming Grill, The Granary, Parkers, The Black Boy (Weather Spoons), Newtown Kebab House, Enzo's, 9Thai, Fortune Court, Kwai Chin, Silver Fish, Express Cafe, Lantern, Jack's Cafe Restaurant, Hummingbird, Bahar, Evan's Cafe, Sandwich & Salad Bar, Greggs, Ghandi Indian Tandoori Takeaway, Fish King Newtown, Bank Tea Rooms, Cafe Glitz, Red Mango, Tesco Cafe, Morrisons Cafe, Lion Bites, La Terrazza Bistro, Vicky's Van, Ieu's Burger Van, Get Your Cakes, Garth Owen Fish Bar, Hafan Yr Afon and Crescent Fish & Chips being fast food places and The Lion Hotel, 23 Social, The Exchange, The Elephant & Castle Hotel, The Steam Mill, The Castle Vaults, The Monty Club, The pheasant, The Buck, The Victoria Vaults, The Bell Hotel, The Sportsman, The Queens Head and The Waggon and horses being pubs/ nightclubs. 

In Newtown there are many stores including Tesco Super Store, Morrison's, Lidl, Aldi, Pound Stretcher, Canal General Stores, Olivers, Argos Newtown, Spar Newtown, Jazz Clothing, Severn Hospice, New Look, Peacocks, Bloomers, Boots, Superdrug, Mollies, The Works, British Red Cross, The Card Factory and so on. 

Newtown consists of numerous housing estates such as Trehafren, Treowen, Barnfields, Canal road, Ffordd Croesawdy, Vaynor, Maesyrhandir, Garth Owen, Milford road and so on. 

One of the more populated areas in Newtown is Barnfields, home to nearly 4,950! 

At the end of the 13th century, Edward I commissioned Roger de Montgomery to construct a centre for the hamlet of **Llanfair-yng-Nghedewain**. Situated near a River Severn ford below the Long Bridge and close to the church of St Mary in Bettws Cedewain gave Newtown its original Welsh name. The town grew in the 18th and 19th centuries around the textile and flannel industry, accompanied by the completion of the Montgomeryshire Canal. In 1838, the town saw Wales's first Chartist demonstration. 

The town has a mainline railway station on the Cambrian Line between Shrewsbury and Aberystwyth. Managed and served by Transport for Wales, trains run roughly two-hourly each way.

The town also has a semi-professional football club, Newtown AFC, who are currently members of the Welsh Premier League, and a rugby club, Newtown RFC.

Newtown is twinned with:

* Les Herbiers, France
* Berlin, Germany
Tamamo-no-Mae. Print by Tsukioka Yoshitoshi.
**Tamamo-no-Mae** (玉藻前) is a legendary figure in Japanese mythology and folklore. In the Otogizoshi, a collection of Japanese prose written in the Muromachi period, Tamamo-no-Mae was a courtesan under the Japanese Emperor Konoe. She was said to be the most beautiful and intelligent woman in Japan. Tamamo-no-Mae's body mysteriously always smelled wonderful, and her clothes never became dirty. Tamamo-no-Mae was not only beautiful, but she was very wise in all subjects. Although she appeared to be only twenty years old, there was no question that she could not answer. She answered every question posed to her, whether about music, religion, or astronomy. Because of her beauty and intelligence, everyone in the Imperial Court adored her, and Emperor Konoe fell deeply in love with her.

After some time had passed, the Emperor suddenly and mysteriously fell ill. He went to many priests and fortune-tellers for answers, but they had none to offer. Finally, an astrologer told the Emperor that Tamamo-no-Mae was the cause of his illness. The astrologer explained that the beautiful young woman was in fact an evil fox with nine tails (kitsune), who was making the Emperor ill in a evil plan to take the throne. Following this, Tamamo-no-Mae disappeared from the court.

The Emperor ordered Kazusa-no-suke and Miura-no-suke, the most powerful warriors of the day, to hunt and kill the fox. After escaping from the hunters for some time, the fox appeared to Miura-no-suke in a dream. Once again in the form of the beautiful Tamamo-no-Mae, the fox told Miura-nosuke would kill it the next day, and begged for its life. Miura-no-suke refused.

Early the next day, the hunters found the fox on the Plain of Nasu, and Miura-no-suke shot and killed the magical creature with an arrow. The body of the fox became the **Sessho-seki**, or **Killing Stone**, which kills anyone that comes in contact with it. Tamamo-no-Mae's spirit became **Hoji** and haunted the stone.

Hoji is said to have haunted this stone until a Buddhist priest called Genno stopped for a rest near the stone and was threatened by Hoji. Genno did a certain spiritual ritual, and begged the spirit to consider her spiritual salvation, until finally Hoji surrendered and swore to never haunt the stone again.

In Matsuo Bashō's famous book, *The Narrow Road to the Deep North* (Oku no Hosomichi), Bashō tells of visiting the stone.

The stone split on March 5, 2022. While some have humorously said that Tamamo-no-Mae is now free, there is a far more general belief that the split is an omen of impending tragedy.

Tamamo-no-Mae's legend served as base for the noh drama *Sesshō-seki* ("*The Killing Stone*") and the kabuki play *Tamamo-no-Mae* (or *The Beautiful Fox Witch*).
The **Alstom Metropolis C830C**, together with the Alstom Metropolis C751C are the second generation of communications-based train control (CBTC) rolling stock to be used in Singapore’s Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) lines. 24 trainsets of 3 cars were manufactured by Shanghai Alstom Transport Co Ltd (a joint venture between Alstom and Shanghai Electric), with deliveries from end June 2014.

Tender
------

The tender for trains under the contract 830C was opened together with another contract C751C for an additional 18 North East Line trains which closed on 18 July 2011 with 5 bids. The Land Transport Authority has shortlisted all of them and the tender results was published on 1 February 2012.

Design
------

The outside of the train is almost the same as the older C830, with slight differences such as a larger SMRT logo and the look of the train inside. The reserved seats are coloured red to make them more obvious. Navy blue and yellow coloured seats are installed in the driving motor cars (end carriages) while the seats in the middle car are khaki. The train's system that allows it to move is louder than the C830's, and is identical the one found on the Amsterdam Metro M5 Series.

Other changes include the inner layer of the doors finished in bluish-grey, a new Visual Passenger Information System, similar to the C951, located above the doors and a new gangway design similar to the C751C.

Driverless operation
--------------------

The C830C runs without a driver, using Communications-based train control (CBTC), which does not require "fixed-block track circuits" to find where the train is on the track. Instead, they use "continuous two-way digital communication" between each controlled train and a control center, which may control an area of a railroad line, a complete line, or a group of lines. It has been found that CBTC systems reduce costs for running the system and allow the system to be controlled more easily.

Train Formation
---------------

The configuration of a C830C in revenue service is Mc1-T-Mc2

| Cars of C830C |
| --- |
| car type | Control Cab | Motor | Collector Shoe | car length | Wheelchair Bay |
| mm | ft in |
| **Mc1** | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 23,650 | 77 ft 7.1 in | ✗ |
| **Mc2** | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 23,650 | 77 ft 7.1 in | ✗ |
| **T** | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | 22,800 | 74 ft 9.6 in | ✓ |

The car numbers of the trains range from 841x to 864x, where x depends on the carriage type. Individual cars are assigned a 4 digit serial number. A complete three-car trainset consists of one trailer(T) and two driving motor cars(Mc1 & Mc2) permanently coupled together. For example, set 864 consists of carriages 8641, 8642, 8643.
| Alternative dispute resolution (or working out a dispute) |
| --- |
| * Arbitration
* Negotiation
* Conflict resolution
* Conciliation
* Mediation
* Collaborative law
* Dispute resolution
* Lawyer-supported mediation
* Party-directed mediation
* Restorative justice
 |
| * v
* t
* e
 |

**Arbitration**, a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), is a way of resolving disputes outside the courts. Litigation can be expensive, time-consuming and unpredictable. With arbitration the parties to a dispute agree to have the disagreement decided by a neutral third party. More often this is a panel of three **arbitrators**. Each party suggests one, then both arbitrators agree on a third arbitrator. The decision is the result of a majority vote.

Arbitration (hearing)
---------------------

Arbitration includes an agreement in advance by both parties to comply with the decision of the arbitrator(s). The process includes a hearing in which both parties may be heard. The arbitrator(s) reviews the evidence in the case and makes a decision. One that is legally binding on both sides and enforceable in the courts.

Mediation
---------

Another form of alternative dispute resolution is mediation. Mediation and arbitration both use neutral third parties. For that reason they are sometimes confused. One difference is that a mediator does not make any decisions. Instead the mediator works towards getting both parties to agree. Unlike Arbitration, there is usually only one mediator. Another difference is that mediation is usually non-binding. Mediation is used more often in smaller disputes or when the matter is kept confidential. In some jurisdictions, mediation is required before a case can come to court.

Other websites
--------------

* Mediation vs. Arbitration vs. Litigation: What's the Difference?, FindLaw
This article is about the card game. For other uses, see UNO (disambiguation).
The different cards of UNO
***Uno*** (stylized on usual branding as **UNO**) is an American card game that was made by Merle Robbins in 1971. It has since been bought by a company named Mattel. It uses 108 special ca made just to play *Uno*. It is similar to Crazy Eights.

The cards are put into 4 different groups: Red cards, green cards, blue cards and yellow cards. There are also some other cards called "Special Cards". Skip, Reverse, Draw +2(This the way), Wild, and Wild +4 cards allow you to do something you cannot normally do, such as pick up two more cards.

Each player starts off with 7 cards, randomly assigned. A card from the main deck is then placed in the center for everyone to see. The first player must put down a card that is either the sane color or number, or a willayer puta down a regular card, the next person has to put down another card of the same color or number, and it keeps on going in order. When a skip cad. A reverse card reverses the order of the game. A wild card ***(Card with 4 col'** can be placed above any color, and the player chooses what color they want everyone to continue with until someone puts down a card with the same number but a different color or a wild card. +2 cards force the next player to draw 2 cards, but +4 cards force the next player to draw 4 cards and the current player gets to pick a new color of their choice.*


| Card | Effect when played from hand |
| --- | --- |
| Reverse | The next player in the direction of the game will have their turn skiped and the direction will switch to be the other direction. |
| Skip | The next player will lose their turn and be forced to wait until the next round of the game to play their hand. |
| Pick up 2/ Plus 2 | The next player in the direction of the game will have to pick up 2 cards from the deck. |
| Pick up 4/ Plus 4 | The next player in the direction of the game will have to pick up 4 cards from the deck. |
| Wild/Color changing | The player who plays this card will have to pick a new color to change the game to. The player may pick the same color and use this card anytime due to the color of the card being black and not Red, Yellow, Green, or Blue. |
| Wild Draw 4 | The wild draw 4 card lets a player pick a new color while the next person in the direction of play must pick up 4 cards. |
All planets in our solar system follow an elliptical path. This path is known as an orbit. **Earth's orbit** is not a perfect circle. It is an ellipse.

The Earth's orbit takes about 365 days, this is also called a year. This means that in 365 days (a year) the Earth has gone around the Sun. From this we can find that the orbital speed of the Earth is about 108,000 kilometres per hour (67,000 mph) through space.

The closest distance Earth is to the Sun, or perihelion, is 146 million km (91 million mi) and the farthest or aphelion is 152 million km (94 million mi). It takes light (or any other electromagnetic radiation) just over eight minutes to travel from Sun to Earth. This averages out to a typical distance of 150 million kilometers.

The seasonal changes on Earth are because of the 23.44° axial tilt of its rotation and slightly elliptical path around the Sun.

The orbit varies over long periods of time according to the Milankovitch cycles. These cycles are one of the main causes of climate change.

This diagram shows a very exaggerated shape of Earth's orbit; the actual orbit is almost circular.

Related links
-------------

* Earth phase
* Spaceship Earth

Other websites
--------------

* Earth – Speed through space – about 1 million miles an hour – NASA & (WP discussion)
**Delara Darabi** (Persian: دلارا دارابى; September 29, 1986 - May 1, 2009) was a Iranian girl, who was sentenced to death at age of 17. She was convicted of murder, despite her highly probably innocence and was executed by hanging.

Case
----

Her case raised controversy for a number of reasons:

1. The Iranian Government had signed the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Convention on the Rights of the Child, and, according to this, no person under age of 18 could be sentenced to death; however, despite this, Iran had executed number of minors;
2. Her guilty verdict is disputable:
	1. She had initially claimed responsibility for having murdered her father's cousin, Mahin Darabi, in order to protect her boyfriend Amir Hussein (age 19), because he told her that, because she was under the age of 18, she could not have a death sentence. What he said was wrong. Amir Hussein received 10 years in prison for being Delara's "accomplice" in Mahin's murder, while Delara was sentenced to death.
	2. Delara was left-handed, and there is abundant evidence that the murderer was right-handed.

Delara's sentence was upheld by Iran's Supreme Court. The only person who could commute the sentence is Iranian Head of Judiciary, Ayatollah Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi.

In January 2007, Delara attempted to commit suicide.

Darabi was kept in Rasht Prison. According to her family and attorney, she was severely beaten by prison guards and fellow prisoners and left with a broken arm. Conditions in prison were extremely poor, leading Delara to repeatedly file requests to be transferred to another prison with better sanitary and overall conditions. Her requests were not answered.

Darabi was also a talented painter, poet and pianist. Her paintings were exhibited in Tehran and, recently, in Amsterdam.

She was executed May 1, 2009.

Campaigns to save Darabi
------------------------

There was a petition online to save Darabi. A similar petition was started by Miss Canada 2003 Nazanin Afshin-Jam for another Iranian minor, Nazanin Fatehi, who was also sentenced to death. After worldwide attention and over 350,000 signatures Nazanin Fatehi was finally found innocent and freed. Amnesty International has also made many public statements and a letter campaign about Darabi.

Personal background
-------------------

She was born in Rasht (Province of Gilan), where she was a high-school student before her arrest. She had three sisters: Elaheh (21-year old), Ghazale (19) and Sheida (8). Elaheh and Ghazale are college students. Her sisters were also born in Rasht.

Other websites
--------------

* Amnesty International April 2007 Urgent Action call about Delara Darabi Archived 2008-07-06 at the Wayback Machine
* Stop Child Executions Campaign page about Delara Archived 2007-07-02 at the Wayback Machine
* SaveDelara campaign Archived 2009-03-10 at the Wayback Machine
* Delara Darabi paintings presentation
Not to be confused with Fortnite.
A **fortnight** is a unit of time equal to 14 days (2 weeks). The word comes from the Old English: *fēowertyne niht*, meaning "*fourteen nights*".
Some wages and salaries are paid every fortnight; however, in North America it is more common to use the term biweekly. Neither of these terms should be confused with semimonthly.

Astronomy
---------

In astronomy, a lunar fortnight is half a synodic month, equal to the mean period between a full moon and a new moon (and vice versa). This is equal to 14.77 days.

Sports
------

A fortnight is a word that is commonly used in sporting communities. Many big sports events have a two-week or around a half-month time frame. In tennis, Wimbledon and the other Grand Slam tournaments are played over two weeks and are often referred to as lasting a fortnight. The Summer and Winter Olympics are also slightly longer than two weeks and may be called a fortnight as well. Various other events in the sporting world may last around a fortnight.
For other uses, see Hypersonic (disambiguation).
In aerodynamics, **hypersonic** speeds are speeds that are significantly faster than the speed of sound. Any speed faster than Mach 5 (five times faster than the speed of sound; 1,715 m/s at sea level) is said to be hypersonic. Hypersonic speeds are distinguished from supersonic speeds, because air and aircraft act very strangely at hypersonic speeds; even stranger than at supersonic speeds.

Characteristics of Hypersonic Flow
----------------------------------

When an aircraft is moving at hypersonic speeds, it is subject to certain special effects due to its speed. Some of these effects are:

### Thin Shock Layer

As the plane goes faster, the density behind the shock wave increases. At the same time, the volume of the air behind the shock wave decreases. Because of this, the shock layer (the space between the aircraft's body and the shock wave) becomes very thin. This is important because it changes the way the plane has to be built.

### Entropy Layer

As a plane goes faster, the entropy change across the shock wave increases. This results in a strong entropy gradient. This causes air around the aircraft to swirl like a vortex, in what is called "vortical flow." This is important because it mixes with what is called the "boundary layer" around the aircraft. A boundary layer is a small area of air around the plane which is moving slower than the air farther away from the aircraft. When the vortical flow mixes with the boundary layer, the boundary layer is disrupted, and the aircraft becomes very unstable.

### Viscous Interaction

At very high speeds, objects that are inside the atmosphere become very hot. This can cause the previously mentioned boundary layer of the plane to expand. When the boundary layer expands, the aircraft gets even hotter. Put simply, planes moving extremely fast experience lots and lots of drag and get very very hot. This process is caused by the viscosity of air, which is why this is called "viscous interaction."

Fun Fact
--------

The adjective "sonic" was first used in the 1920s, **from the Latin sonus, or "sound."** Ever since, it's been used not only to describe things relating to sound, but also things that travel as fast as sound.

Other websites
--------------

* NASA's Guide to Hypersonics Archived 2016-04-12 at the Wayback Machine
**King Crimson** were a progressive rock band. They formed in England in 1968. Their music is usually called progressive rock, but they also have jazz, gamelan, classical music, heavy metal and experimental music in their sound. Their music has influenced a lot of bands and styles of music. King Crimson are most well known for their first album, *In the Court of the Crimson King*, which helped create progressive rock. Only one person has been in the band since they started, guitarist Robert Fripp.

History
-------

### 1960's

In 1967, drummer Michael Giles and his brother, Peter, a bass guitar player, started a band with Robert Fripp. They recorded one album called The Cheerful Insanity of Giles, Giles and Fripp. This album did not do very well, and a lot of critics wrote bad reviews of it. After this, Ian Mcdonald joined playing keyboards, reeds, and woodwind instruments. Ian McDonald's friend, Peter Sinfield, joined to write lyrics, and Greg Lake replaced Peter Giles on bass guitar. Then they bought a mellotron, which helped them sound more like classical music. They changed their name to King Crimson, and did their first show in Hyde Park, London in 1969. Their first CD, In the Court of the Crimson King, was a huge success. Their original style impressed fans and critics.

### 1970's

Micheal Giles and Ian Mcdonald left the band to do solo work. The three of them still in the band, Robert Fripp, Peter Sinfield, and Greg Lake, released the single *Catfood/Groon*. On the next album, woodwind player Mel Collins, singer Gordon Haskell, and Peter Giles all helped record a few songs with the band. King Crimson released their second album, In the Wake of Poseidon, in 1970. It was not very popular because it sounded too much like the first album.

Studio albums
-------------

* *In the Court of the Crimson King* (1969)
* *In the Wake of Poseidon* (1970)
* *Lizard* (1970)
* *Islands* (1971)
* *Larks' Tongues in Aspic* (1973)
* *Starless and Bible Black* (1974)
* *Red* (1974)
* *Discipline* (1981)
* *Beat* (1982)
* *Three of a Perfect Pair* (1984)
* *THRAK* (1995)
* *The ConstruKction of Light* (2000)
* *The Power to Believe* (2003)
**Paul Sanchez-Garcia London** (born April 16, 1980) is an American professional wrestler. He was formally signed to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) performing on its Raw brand.

After being trained at the Texas Wrestling Academy, London began competing for Ring of Honor, where although he never won a title, began popular amongst the fans due to his high risk offensive moves. He later competed for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, Pro Wrestling ZERO-ONE, and various independent promotions, winning numerous championships and won the ECWA Super 8 Tournament in 2003.

London made his debut in WWE in late 2003, and immediately began teaming with fellow cruiserweight Spanky, (Brian Kendrick). After Kendrick briefly left WWE, London formed a tag team with Billy Kidman, and together they won the WWE Tag Team Championship. After their split, London began competing in the cruiserweight division, and won the WWE Cruiserweight Championship. In late 2006, Kendrick returned, and the two reformed as a team. London and Kendrick were previously managed by WWE Diva, Ashley Massaro, who London has previously dated. The team split when Kendrick was drafted to the SmackDown brand in June 2008.

In WWE, London is a former WWE Cruiserweight Champion, World Tag Team Champion, and two-time WWE Tag Team Champion. During his second reign as WWE Tag Team champion, London and his partner, Brian Kendrick, became the longest reigning WWE Tag Team Champions since the title's creation.

He was released from his WWE contract in late 2008.
This article is about the Greek goddess. For the fantasy novel series, see Artemis Fowl.
Bronze Diana, 3rd Century BC
**Artemis** is the Greek goddess of the Moon, hunting, archery, virginity and midwifery. She is one of the members of the Twelve Olympians who ruled the world on top of Mount Olympus. She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto, older twin sister of Apollo. Her Roman equivalent is Diana. 

Artemis is generally depicted as a beautiful huntress wearing a sleeveless tunic and carrying a bow and arrow. She is accompanied by a group of nymphs huntresses. Bow, arrow, quiver and knives serves as her symbols. While deer and stags is her sacred animal.

Ancient Greek myths involving Artemis
-------------------------------------

### Birth

Hera, who was Zeus's wife, discovered that Leto was pregnant and became very angry. She banned Leto from giving birth on any mainland or island known.

Leto found the island of Delos, which floated and so was not an island or mainland, and gave birth there. Hera then locked up the goddess of childbirth, Eilethyia, so she could not give birth to the twins. Then, all the other goddesses convinced her to let her free so she could finally give birth. Leto gave birth to Artemis without any problem. However she was in labor with Apollo for nine days. Artemis helped Leto to give birth to Apollo.

### Acteon

A mortal hunter named Acteon stumbled upon Artemis while she was bathing in one of his hunting session with his friends. Artemis discovered him and she was enraged. So she inflicted a punishment upon him for spying on her whilst she was bathing by transforming him into a stag. She sent his own hunting dogs to tear him apart.

### Hippolytos

Hippolytos, a companion and devotee of Artemis, was slain through the machinations of Aphrodite, as punishment for his scorning of love and neglecting her worship. Artemis avenged the death of Hippolytos by killing Aphrodite's favourite lover, Adonis. She later petitioned Asclepius to bring the boy back to life, and spirited him away to her sacred shrine in Aricia.

Related pages
-------------

* Artume - Etruscan mythology version of Artemis.
* Diana - Roman mythology version of Artemis.
* Temple of Artemis

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Artemis***.

* Theoi Project, Artemis, information on Artemis from original Greek and Roman sources, images from classical art.
* Hymn To Artemis - The Virgin Goddess of the Hunt
* A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890) (eds. G. E. Marindin, William Smith, LLD, William Wayte)

| **Twelve Olympians** |
| --- |
| Zeus • Hera • Poseidon • Hades • Hestia • Demeter • Aphrodite • Athena • Apollo • Artemis • Ares • Hephaestus • Hermes • Dionysus |
**Jonathan Swift** (30 November 1667 – 19 October 1745) was an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for Whigs then for the Tories), poet and cleric. He became Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin. 

He is remembered for books and poems he wrote like: *Gulliver's Travels*, *A Modest Proposal*, *A Journal to Stella*, *Drapier's Letters*, *The Battle of the Books*, *An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity*, and *A Tale of a Tub*. Swift is probably the most well known prose satirist in the English language. He is less well known for his poetry.

Swift originally published all of his work under pseudonyms — such as Lemuel Gulliver, Isaac Bickerstaff, M.B. Drapier — or anonymously. He is known for being a master of two styles of satire; the Horatian and Juvenalian styles.

Epitaph in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin near his burial site.

Works
-----


Wikisource has original writing related to this article:
**Author:Jonathan Swift**

Swift was a good writer, famous for his satires. The most recent collection of his prose works (Herbert Davis, ed. Basil Blackwell, 1965-) comprises fourteen volumes. A recent edition of his complete poetry (Pat Rodges, ed. Penguin, 1983) is 953 pages long. One edition of his correspondence (David Woolley, ed. P. Lang, 1999) fills three volumes.

Legacy
------

John Ruskin named him as one of the three people in history who were the most influential for him.

Other websites
--------------

* e-texts of Swift's works
	+ at The Online Books Page
	+ Works by Jonathan Swift at Project Gutenberg
	+ at Gulliver's Travels
**Anton Ondruš** (born 27 March 1950 in Solčany, Czechoslovakia) is a former Slovak football player. At home, Anton Ondruš was characterized as an excellent athlete with good athletic data, who knew how to competently organize an attack or counterattack in the game, use various combinations during the game and score penalties. For these traits he received the nickname "Slovak Beckenbauer". He is considered one of the best central defenders in Europe in the 70s of the twentieth century. He won the UEFA Euro 1976. Regarded as one of the best football players in the history of Slovan.

Club career
-----------

A graduate of Slovan Bratislava, Anton Ondruš started as a striker, but played without much success. It was believed that due to slowness and indecisiveness, he would not be able to play in the team, but then coach Josef Vengloš transferred him to the center of defense, where Ondruš quickly became an indispensable player. As part of Slovan, he twice became the champion of Czechoslovakia, and in the 1973/74 season the team won the "golden double". For a long time, Ondruš was the captain of the Bratislava club. Part of the 1977/78 season, Anton Ondruš played in Dukla Banská Bystrica, then returned to Slovan. He played 226 matches in the Czechoslovak league, scoring 38 goals.

Since 1981, Ondruš has played in foreign clubs: Belgian Club Brugge, French Tonon, Swiss Biel. He finished his football career in 1989.

International career
--------------------

Anton Ondruš made his debut for Czechoslovakia on March 27, 1974 in a friendly match against the GDR national team in Dresden, and on September 25, during a meeting with the same opponent, Ondruš scored his first goal for the national team.

Anton Ondruš was the captain of the Czechoslovak national team at the victorious 1976 European Championship, in the semi-final match against the Netherlands he opened the scoring, then scored into his own net, but the Czechoslovaks managed to win in extra time with a score of 3:1. The final match between Czechoslovakia and Germany ended with a penalty shootout.

Ondruš, like other Czechoslovak players, converted his attempt, thus becoming one of the 9 players who took part in the first post-match penalty shootout at a major international tournament.

At the 1980 European Championship, Ondruš also played all the matches without substitutions, and the match for 3rd place against Italy on June 21 was his last in the Czechoslovak national team.

In total, Anton Ondruš played 58 matches for the national team, 30 of which as a captain, scored 9 goals.

Honours
-------

### Club

Slovan Bratislava
* Slovak Cup: 1972
* Slovak Cup and Czechoslovak Cup: 1974
* Czechoslovakian League: 1974, 1975

### International

Czechoslovakia
* UEFA European Championship: 1976

Individual
* UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 1976
Vadivelu

**Kumaravadivel Natarajan** (born 12 January 1960), known professionally as **Vadivelu**, is an Indian actor, comedian and playback singer, having acted in supporting and lead roles in Tamil cinema. He became known for his slapstick comedies and has acted in over 200 movies.

Vadivelu received awards in the Best Comedian category for his performances in Kaalam Maari Pochu (1996), Vetri Kodi Kattu (2000), Thavasi (2001), Chandramukhi (2005), Imsai Arasan 23m Pulikesi (2006), Marudhamalai (2007) and Kathavarayan (2008) Velayudham (2011). His popularity led to his media-coined nickname, Vaigai Puyal, meaning "the storm from the Vaigai River", which flows through his hometown of Madurai.

Biography
---------

He started his career in Tamil cinema as a side-comedian along with the Tamil cinema's most famous duo of Goundamani and Senthil. Vadivelu rose as a renowned actor from the movie Kadhalan (1998), although his debut is in En Thangai Kalyani of T.Rajendar.

Some of his most famous movies are Friends, Bharathi Kannamma, Vetri Kodi Kattu, Winner, Giri, Thalainagaram, Marudhamalai and Chandramukhi. The actor played the lead in the blockbuster Imsai Arasan 23am Pulikesi (2006) where he played a dual role of twin brothers. His next movie in a lead role was Indiralogathil Na Azhagappan (2008), which was however a big failure.

After the 2011 Legislative Assembly election fight between Vijayakanth, leader of DMDK and Vadivelu in which he was severely criticized for his public speeches that heavily alledged Vijayakanth, he took rest for two years from media appearance since his rival and his alliance won the election. He signed up to play a double role in the movie Tenaliraman, his third movie as hero. The movie did decent business at the box office.

Vadivelu filmography
--------------------

See the main article: Vadivelu filmography
A **peace treaty** is a formal (official) agreement which ends a conflict. The conflict is usually between countries or governments, but may be between any other kind of group. The conflict is usually armed conflict, such as war, or serious disputes which might lead to war.

A peace treaty is different from an armistice, which is an agreement to cease hostilities, or a surrender, in which one side agrees to give up its arms.

Peace treaties are made in stages:

1. Negotiation (this may take a long time).
2. Agreeing a form of words.
3. Signing the document.

Peace treaties may include various items:

* Borders between countries.
* Processes for solving future disputes.
* Sharing resources (such as water).
* What to do with refugees.
* Settling existing debts.
* Scale of armaments each party is allowed to have.

Ancient history
---------------

Tablet of the first recorded treaty in history, Treaty of Kadesh, at the Istanbul Archaeology Museum.
The earliest recorded peace treaty was between the Hittite and Egyptian empires. The Battle of Kadesh (about 1274 BC) took place in what is modern Syria. The entire Levant was at that time contested between the Egyptian and Hittite empires. After a costly four-day battle, in which neither side gained a clear advantage, both sides claimed victory.

Fear of further conflict between the two states persuaded both rulers, Hattusili III and Ramesses II, to end their dispute and sign a peace treaty. Both sides were threatened by other enemies. Egypt had to defend her western border against Libyan tribesmen, while the Hittites faced the threat of the Assyrian Empire, which had conquered Mesopotamia.p256.

The peace treaty was recorded in two versions. One was in Egyptian hieroglyphics, the other in Akkadian, using cuneiform script. Fortunately, both versions survive. Such dual-language recording is common to many treaties. This treaty differs from others in that the two language versions are differently worded. Most of the text is identical, but the Hittite version claims that the Egyptians came suing for peace, while the Egyptian version claims the reverse.p73–79; 62–64.

The treaty was made in year 21 of Ramesses' reign, probably 1258 BC.p257 It contains a mutual-assistance pact in case one of the empires should be attacked by a third party, or in the event of internal strife. There are articles on the forced repatriation (sending back) of refugees, and provisions that they should not be harmed. So this might be called the first extradition treaty. There are also threats of retribution, should the treaty be broken.

This treaty is so significant that a reproduction hangs in the United Nations headquarters.

Relating page
-------------

* Ceasefire
* Peace of Westphalia
**Alice Cooper** (born February 4, 1948) is an American rock musician and singer. Originally, there was a band called Alice Cooper led by a singer named **Vincent Damon Furnier**. The band was one of the creators of a very theatrical and violent type of heavy metal music that was designed to shock and would come to be known as "shock rock."

Life
----

In 1974, Furnier legally changed his name to Alice Cooper and started making solo music. Cooper's solo career began with the 1975 album *Welcome to My Nightmare*. Over the years Cooper has played many different musical styles.

Alice Cooper is known for his social and witty persona offstage. *The Rolling Stone Album Guide* referred to him as the world's most *"beloved"* heavy metal entertainer. He helped to shape the sound and look of heavy metal. Cooper is also credited as being one of the first to bring movie-like looks to the rock concert stage in the late 1960s.

Away from music, Cooper is also an actor, a golfer, a restaurant owner and a popular radio DJ.

Alice Cooper keeps his professional life and home life separate, to the extent that, when his children see him on televison, they say "That's Alice Cooper," and not "That's Dad."

Alice Cooper is one of the few performing artists who still has money earned in the 1970s.

Alice Cooper wears one half of a pair of matching padlocks, and his wife wears the the other half. This was part of their wedding ceremony, and if one wants to leave the marriage, they have to ask the other for the key.

The rock show, as it is known today, originated in Vincent Furnier's belief in what a rock show should be.

Alice Cooper lives on a budget agreed with his accountant.

Alice Cooper believes in personal hygiene, but uses only enough soap to clean himself, as he believes that too much soap is bad for your health.

Alice Cooper's mother used to send him $5.00 per week, as she believed that musicians do not make money.

Other websites
--------------


Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: ***Alice Cooper***

* Official website

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gold coin of the Catuvellauni, minted about 20 BC at St Albans
notice pointed arches
**Wheathampstead** is a village and civil parish north of St Albans. It is part of the City and District of St Albans, in Hertfordshire. Its parliamentary constituency is Hitchin and Harpenden. The village is on the River Lea (or Lee), a tributary of the Thames.

The population of Wheathampstead at the time of the 2001 census was 6,058.

History
-------

Settlements in this area were made about 50 BC by Belgic invaders. They moved up the rivers Thames and Lea from what is now Belgium. Evidence for them was found in Devil's Dyke, at the eastern side of Wheathampstead.

The Devil's Dyke earthworks are remains of an ancient settlement of the Catuvellauni. It is thought to have been the tribe's original capital. The capital was moved to Verlamion, later the Roman Verulamium. This became the modern St Albans.

The Devil's Dyke is reputedly where Julius Caesar defeated Cassivellaunus in 54 BC, although this claim is disputed. The Dyke may have been part of the same defensive rampart as nearby Beech Bottom Dyke. If correct, this would make the area one of the largest and most important British Iron Age settlements.

Later, the village is recorded in the Domesday Book under name *Watamestede*. It appears that a church existed at Wheathampstead before the Norman Conquest, as Wheathampstead was given by Edward the Confessor to Westminster Abbey. The original structure was demolished in the reign of Henry III, and the oldest part of the present church dates to about 1280. The main doorways to the church (in the chancel section) and the windows are Early English pointed arches.