recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Jeanne Rij-Rousseau 1929
**Jeanne Rij-Rousseau** (10 June 1870 – 22 October 1956) was a French Cubist painter and an art theoretician.

Rij-Rousseau was born in Candé. From 1890 on, she lived in Paris and moved in an artistic circle with painters of the "Ile de la Grande Jatte" in Montmartre. She was a student of Maurice Denis and Paul Sérusier. Sérusier's had ideas about the relationship of music and painting. She used these ideas to form the theory of vibrism, which is a combination of Synthetic Cubism of the pre-war period and Larionov and Goncharova's Rayonism.

Juan Gris was a close friend of hers. From 1911 on, Rij-Rousseau showed her works in Salon d'Automne, Salon des Indépendants and Salon Tuileries. In 1920, she was a member of the artist circle called Section d'Or. She often traveled to South France, especially to Céret, and also to Germany, Belgium and Switzerland. Her paintings were displayed in Zurich, Brussels, New York, and Boston.

In Aubusson and Beauvais' manufactories large-size tapestries designed by her were produced. In 1925, she was awarded a gold medal for one of them in the first Arts Décoratifs' exhibition.
Guillaume Apollinaire named her a "searcher", and her colour choices were admired by Florent Fels and André Salmon.

Also in 1925, Rij-Rousseau founded the Association of Modern-Age Female Painters. She exhibited with Suzanne Duchamp and Marie Laurencin, among others. Aside from Colette, Rij-Rousseau's biography was published in the book, *Führende Frauen Europas* by Elga Kern as a representative of French art.

Her fame did not last long, and in 1956 she died lonely, impoverished and forgotten in her great-niece's house in Savigny-sur-Braye. Her final exhibition in Château de Blois in 1959 attracted little notice, and the whereabouts of the 70 exhibited paintings are still unknown. Her estate has been scattered throughout the world. Paintings are trafficked in N.Y. Chicago, London, and Paris. Some works are in Parisan museums, in Blois, and in Grenoble, but especially in private collectors' homes.

Research on this painter of the French Modern Age is still in its beginnings.

Further reading
---------------

* Debray, Cécile; Lucbert, Françoise. *La Section d'or*. Edition Cercle d'Art. Paris 2000
* Kern, Elga. *Führende Frauen Europas*. Ernst Reinhardt Verlag München 1930


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Jeanne Rij-Rousseau***.
For other uses, see Spaghetti (disambiguation).
Industrial spaghetti
**Spaghetti** is a long, string-shaped kind of pasta.

The word *spaghetti* was first used in 1849 as *sparghetti* in Eliza Acton's *Modern Cookery*. It comes from Italian *spaghetto*, which means "string".

Spaghetti is made from wheat noodles, which are boiled in water for a short time. Spaghetti can either be served as a side dish, or as a main dish. As a main dish, a sauce is added. There are many different kinds of sauces. Simpler ones are made of butter, more complicated ones include tomatos, garlic, olive oil and various other herbs. Different varieties with mussels, fish or meat also exist. Ground Parmesan cheese is often added. 

seafood spaghetti dish
In Italy the sauce is usually mixed with the spaghetti while they are being prepared. Usually, spaghetti are eaten only with a fork, or with a fork and a spoon. Sometimes, they are cut with a knife for small children. Many Italians see using a knife to eat spaghetti as bad manners, except to prepare them for small children.

In the United States, there is a kind of spaghetti called "Alvaro's spaghetti" which is served with alfredo sauce. In some countries,like United States or Canada, meatballs are often in the spaghetti sauce.

Cooked spaghetti with tomato sauce.
In China, spaghetti is often made by hand. In Italy, spaghetti is made with a machine so that large amounts can be made quickly. Italy is the biggest producer and consumer of spaghetti in the world.

It is also a popular dish in Libya.

Spaghetti is called by other words when it has a different thickness: "spaghettini (n. 3)", "spaghetti (n. 5)", and "spaghettoni (n. 8)".

Usually, spaghetti leftovers last in a fridge for around 3 to 5 days, while spaghetti in a freezer will last more than one month.

Other websites
--------------


Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/article on:
 ***Pasta Recipes***
**Gertrude Joyce Cran Barry** (1900-1964) was a Scottish lacrosse and field hockey player who lived in the United States. She was inducted into the USA Field Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963. She was inducted into the Scotland Lacrosse Hall of Fame in 2015. She was the founder of CRANBARRY Equipment Company. This was the United State’s first equipment company for women’s lacrosse. 

Barry came to the United States to teach at a field hockey camp in 1925. She then became a Physical Training Instructor at Wellesley College. Barry figured out that field hockey was bad for posture due to the form of the arched back, and that lacrosse is good for posture because players are running upright. This further promoted more women to play lacrosse.

In 1931, she became the United States Women's Lacrosse Association's (USWLA) first president. She held this role for four years. Barry helped organize the USWLA's first national tournament in 1933 in Greenwich, Connecticut. In 1947 she established CRANBARRY Equipment Company. In 1950 she chaired the U.S. Team Selection Committee.

Joyce Cran Barry became the second woman inducted into the US Hall of Fame (besides Margaret Boyd) in 1993. In 1934, a prediction was made by the leaders of New York Women’s Lacrosse Association that lacrosse would be more popular than field hockey.
A saw isolated from its engine.
**Vibration isolation** is a system of devices to decouple a mechanical or structural object from its vibrating supports.

For example, the handles of the saw presented in the right photo are separated from the engine and cutting bar to reduce shaking for the operator. Here, the spring mount is a part of this vibration isolation system.

When the targeted object is rather heavy (e.g. building, bridge or the like), vibration isolation may be called base isolation. Vibration isolation is a branch of protective techniques known as vibration control.

History
-------

From the very beginning, the theory of vibration isolation, in general, and of base isolation, in particular, rested on two pillars: *heavy damping* and *frequency separation*. Unfortunately, nobody paid any attention that the heavy damping was a sort of a strong connection between a *substructure* and *superstructure*, and that the idea of decoupling them with the help of such connections was of no good.

Related pages
-------------

* Damping
* Vibration
* Earthquake protector
***Ariodante*** is an opera seria in three acts with music by George Frideric Handel. The libretto was based on parts of Ludovico Ariosto's *Orlando Furioso*. Handel put some ballet music in the opera for the famous dancer Marie Sallé. 

The opera was first performed in the Covent Garden Theatre, London, on 8 January 1735. It opened Handel's first season at Covent Garden. It was a great success. It was performed 11 times during its premiere season.

It eventually was forgotten. The score was published in the early 1960s. In the 1970s, the work was revived. It is thought to be one of Handel's best operas.

Roles
-----

* Ariodante, *a vassal prince* - mezzo-soprano castrato
* Ginevra, *daughter of the King of Scotland, betrothed to Ariodante* - soprano
* Dalinda, *attendant on Ginevra, secretly in love with Polinesso*  - soprano
* Polinesso, *Duke of Albany* - alto
* Lurcanio, *Ariodante's brother* - tenor
* King of Scotland - bass
* Odoardo, *favorite of the king* - tenor

Story
-----

Ginevra is engaged to Ariodante. Polinesso is in love with her. He uses Dalinda to trick Ariodante. She tells Ariodante that Ginevra is Polinesso's lover. The King disowns Ginevra. Ariodante is reported to have killed himself. Polinesso then sends his agents to kill Dalinda because she was the only witness to his plot. Ariodante is alive. He drives off the assassins. Polinesso eants to win the King’s favour. He offers to defend Ginevra's honour in a tournament. He is wounded by Lurcanio. Ariodante has learned about Polinesso’s plot from Dalinda. He now appears. He offers himself as Ginevra’s champion. Polinesso confesses his guilt and dies. Ginevra is pardoned by the King.

Other websites
--------------

* Score of *Ariodante* (ed. Friedrich Chrysander, Leipzig 1881)
* San Diego OperaTalk! with Nick Reveles: Handel's *Ariodante*[*permanent dead link*]
* Italian libretto online
Teuscher truffles and chocolates
**Teuscher** is a chocolatier located in Zurich, Switzerland.

Teuscher's main store is on a famous large street in Zurich's called Bahnhofstrasse. The main store is nearby in Zurich's old city centre (Storchengasse 9). This shop was built in 1647.

Teuscher was founded in 1932 by Dolf Teuscher, Sr.. Dolf Teuscher, Jr. now runs the company. The Chief Financial Officer (CFO) is Rafael Rubio. He is Dolf Jr.'s nephew.

The company also has smaller stores around the world. These are in Geneva, Berlin, New York City, Boston, Philadelphia, Toronto, Chicago, Portland (Oregon), San Francisco, Palo Alto, Beverly Hills, Newport Beach (California), Tokyo, Singapore, Seoul, Hong Kong, Doha, Shanghai, Baku (Azerbaijan), Almaty (Kazakhstan), Abu Dhabi and Bangkok (Thailand). 

The Swiss confectioner (someone who makes sweets) makes more than 200 types of confections and pastries. These are all made by hand. The most famous Teuscher confections are Champagne Truffles. Teuscher was the first company to make such truffles. They are made with Dom Perignon champagne, butter cream, and dark cream ganache. They use a 66% dark base chocolate. Each is coated in milk chocolate and covered with confectioner's sugar. Sometimes they are covered in dark chocolate with unsweetened cocoa powder.

Teuscher brand also makes many types of pastries and cookies. It also makes dark chocolate from 55% to 99%.

Other websites
--------------

* Official site
**Gravitational collapse** is a process where an object in space, like a star or cloud of gas, shrinks down because of its own very strong gravity. This gravity pulls everything closer to its center.

This plays a very important role in our universe. For example, you might have a cloud of things like stars or galaxies in space all over the place. But soon, gravity starts to bring everything together. This process forms all kinds of structures, like galaxy clusters, star clusters, stars, and even planets.

Gravitational collapse of a massive star
For example, a star is born when a huge cloud of interstellar gas slowly comes together because of gravity. As this continues to happen, the pressure and temperature inside the cloud increases. Soon, the temperature and pressure becomes so much that they thermonuclear fusion starts.

When fusion starts, the star releases light and heat, and the energy it makes pushes outward, trying to stop gravity from crushing the star. This keeps the star stable.

But eventually, the star would run out of fuel and gravity will win. It will do another gravitational collapse and turn into something new. Depending on how heavy the star was, it could become a white dwarf, neutron star, or, if it was heavy enough, a black hole.

So, gravitational collapse is a fundamental process in the universe that help creates the structures we see, including the stars that light up our night sky.
**Herman Thompson Briscoe** (1893–1960) was an American chemist and professor. Indiana University has a professorship and a dormitory named after him, honoring his contributions.

Early life and education
========================

**Herman T. Briscoe**, born in 1893 in Indiana, started as a teacher before earning a chemistry degree in 1917. He briefly served in the U.S. Army and worked as a research chemist. He taught at various schools and eventually earned an advanced degree from Indiana University in 1924. He married Orah Elberta Briscoe in 1928, and they had four children.

References
----------

1. ↑  "Vol. 71 (1961)". *journals.iupui.edu*. Retrieved 2023-09-15. `{{cite web}}`: Text "Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science" ignored (help)
2. ↑  Day, H. G. (1997-01-01). "HERMAN T. BRISCOE (1893-1960): A SUPERIOR ROLE MODEL IN CHEMICAL EDUCATION AND ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATIONEDUCATION AND ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATION". *Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science*. **106** (1–2): 113–134. ISSN 2380-7717.
For the international syndication, see The Voice Kids.
***The Voice Kids*** is a British singing competition television series. Created by John de Mol, it premiered on ITV during the summer television cycle on 10 June 2017. The series was based on the original *The Voice of Holland*. It was part of the *The Voice* franchise. It has aired four series. It aims to feature young aspiring singers. The winners receive a money prize and a family trip, courtesy of Norweigan Airlines. Winners of the four series have been: Jess Folley, Daniel Davies, Sam Wilkinson and Justine Afante.

The series employs a panel of four coaches. They critique the artists' performances and guide their teams of selected artists through the remainder of the series. They also compete to ensure that their act wins the competition, thus making them the winning coach. The original panel featured will.i.am, Danny Jones and Pixie Lott; the panel for the fifth series will feature will.i.am, Jones, Lott and Melanie C. Other judges from previous series include Jessie J and Paloma Faith.

The fifth series will start in 2021.

### *The Voice Kids UK (2019)*

| Stage | Song | Original Artist | Date | Order | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Blind Auditions | "Neverland" | from *Finding Neverland the Musical* | June 15, 2019 | 2.4 | All four chairs turnedJoined Team Jessie J |
| Battle Rounds (Top 36) | "Rewrite the Stars" (vs. Connie E. & Jazzy B.) | from *The Greatest Showman* | July 6, 2019 | 5.5 | Saved by Coach |
| Semi-Finals (Top 12) | "Zero to Hero" | from *Hercules* | July 20, 2019 | 7.4 |
| Live Finale (Final 4) | "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" | Elton John (from *The Lion King*) | July 27, 2019 | 8.3 | **Runner-up** |
| "When You Believe" (with Jessie J) | Mariah Carey & Whitney Houston | 8.8 |
The lion scouts his isolated victim, from a 15th-century Central Asian album
**The Bulls and the Lion** is one of Aesop's Fables. It teaches that friends should stick together against enemies.

A lion saw some bulls in a field. He wanted to eat them. But he knew they would fight back together. So the lion made the bulls angry at each other. The bulls stopped being friends. 

The lion killed the bulls one by one. None of the bulls could fight the lion alone.

The story teaches that enemies will try to break up friendships. Friends should not listen to people trying to make them argue. They should work together against enemies. Some versions tell leaders to keep their people united. Then enemies cannot defeat them.

The fable has been translated into many languages. Artists have made many pictures to go with the story. Poets have written longer versions to teach the message. One poem in the 1700s used 13 bulls, like the 13 American colonies. It said they should unite against Britain, their enemy.

The fable shows why friends and allies should cooperate against enemies, instead of arguing amongst themselves.

Lesson
------

Friends and allies should stick together against enemies. Do not let outsiders cause fights between you.

### Sources

* Aesop's Fables by Aesop
* The Fables of Aesop by Joseph Jacobs (1894)
**Leona Cavalli** (stage name **Alleyona Canedo da Silva**, November 6, 1969 in Rosário do Sul) is a Brazilian actress.

Biography
---------

Her father politician, lawyer and poet and teacher mother's name, has three brothers. At birth, was named Alleyona. His mother wanted it to be Leona, but the father thought the name too strong for a baby and decided to adapt - it. Cavalli comes from their sponsors.

His childhood was in nature, playing fields by the gauchos, where the horse ran, climbed trees, swam praticaca and many other sports. With his father, who was twice mayor of the city, learned early to live with a lot of people climbing on the stump, attending rallies without bothering to be the daughter of a public person alive. With his mother, learned to appreciate the beauty and love freedom.

At age ten he was traveling, had boyfriends and wanted to be an actress.

He participated in several parts as, *A Divina Sarah*, As Lágrimas Amargas de Petra Von Kant, Brincando em cima Daquilo, O Homem e o Cavalo, etc.

Then came the *Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul* (UFRGS), in the course of Performing Arts and the *Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul* (PUC), in the course of law. But, dropped everything and went to St. Paul in an attempt to do theater professionally.

Participated in several movies such as, *Um Céu de Estrelas*, *Amarelo Manga*, *Carandiru*, *Olga*, *Antônia*, *Aparecida - O Milagre*, etc.

Is also participated in several telenovelas and miniseries as, *Belíssima*, *Bang Bang*, the miniseries *Amazônia, de Galvez a Chico Mendes*, *Duas Caras*, *Negócio da China*, etc.

In 2011, he made a cameo on the soap opera, *Araguaia*. Currently, this air, soap opera, *A Vida da Gente* as Dra. Celina.

Other websites
--------------

* Leona Cavalli on IMDb
Alfred Cortot
**Alfred Denis Cortot** (born Nyon, 26 September 1877; died Lausanne, 15 June 1962) was a French-Swiss pianist and conductor. He is one of the most famous 20th century musicians. He was especially known for his playing of piano music by 19th century Romantic composers such as Chopin and Schumann. He formed a piano trio with the violinist Jacques Thibaud and the cellist Pablo Casals. He was a piano teacher and conductor.

Early life and education
------------------------

Cortot (pronounce "Cor-toe") was born in Nyon in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. His father was French and his mother was Swiss. Cortot studied at the Paris Conservatoire. His teachers were Emile Descombes and Louis Diémer. He won a first prize (*premier prix*) in 1896. His first public concert was at the Concerts Colonne in 1897 when he played Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 3. He helped opera singers to learn their music, and became assistant conductor at the Bayreuth Festival. In 1902 he conducted Wagner’s *Götterdämmerung*. It was the first time it had been performed in Paris. He formed a concert society to perform Wagner's *Parsifal*, Beethoven's *Missa solemnis*, Brahms' *German Requiem*, and new works by French composers.

Career
------

In 1905, Cortot formed a trio with Jacques Thibaud and Pablo Casals, which became the most famous piano trio of the time. There are still several recordings of their playing. From 1907 to 1923, Cortot taught at the Paris Conservatoire, where his pupils included Clara Haskil, Dinu Lipatti, Vlado Perlemuter. In 1919, he founded the École Normale de Musique de Paris. Many people came to hear him teach about how to perform piano music. He travelled a lot and also conducted famous orchestras. He died in Lausanne.

World War II
------------

Many people did not agree with him when he supported the German occupation of France during the Second World War. He played in some concerts which were supported by the Nazis. He may just have played at these concerts because he liked German music, but it made him some enemies. His wife, Clothilde Breal, was of Jewish origin and her cousin, Lise Bloch, was married to Leon Blum, the first Jew to become President du Conseil or Prime Minister in France. Cortot and the Blums were good friends, although he was banned for a year from performing in France.

Contribution
------------

He was famous for playing the piano music of Chopin and Schumann, Cortot made editions of both those composers' music. He had a superb technique, but he also had many memory lapses in concerts and occasionally left wrong notes on his records. Nevertheless, when he played well he was one of the greatest pianists of his time.
**Alberto Giacometti** (Italian pronunciation: [alˈbɛrto dʒakoˈmetti]; 10 October 1901 – 11 January 1966) was a Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman and printmaker. His parents were Giovanni and Annetta and his family grew up with art. His father was a Post-Impressionist painter. 

When he was ten, he began drawing with pencil and crayon and sending his drawings to his godfather, Amiet. Then he started to use oils and he painted his first photo of a face at the age of 12. He used his siblings as models. 

In 1915, he went to the Evangelical School in the town of Schiers. He left school in 1919. He continued to develop his art skills in Geneva where he enrolled at the École des Arts Industriels. He travelled to Venice, Padua, Florence and Rome. Here, he was influenced by the collections of Egyptian art he studied. African and Oceanic art also inspired him. He also focused on the surrealism of art. Example of this are *Suspended Ball* and *The Palace at 4 a.m*.

From 1922, he lived and worked mainly in Paris. He regularly visited his hometown Borgonovo to see his family and to work on his art.

In 1940, Giacometti and his brother, Diego, went to the south of France to escape Nazi invasion. He returned to Paris in 1941. He died on 11 January 1966.

Giacometti was one of the most important sculptors of the 20th century. His work was particularly influenced by artistic styles such as Cubism and Surrealism. 

      

           





Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Alberto Giacometti***.
Korat
The **Korat** is a natural breed of cat. It is also one of the oldest cat breeds. It first lived in Thailand. It is named after a province named "Korat" by the local people. The Korat is known as one of the "good luck cats".

Appearance
----------

The **Korat** is a blue-gray colour with a small to medium stocky or "cobby" body. It can be surprisingly heavy for its size. It is intelligent, active, playful and likes to be with people. It has a heart-shaped head and large green eyes.

The Korat's colour is actually a silver blue that looks like it is shimmering. The people of Thailand call the colour "rain-cloud gray," and the shimmer "sea foam." This cat has one coat of fur that is short. The roots of the fur are a lighter silver blue. The colour along the fur increases to deeper blue and the tips are silver, especially on the muzzle and toes. This is the only colour allowed for a Korat. The eyes are large and peridot green in an adult cat. Kittens have amber or golden-green eyes which gradually change as they become adults, at two to four years.

Korats may rarely have some white markings or spots, or even pale gray stripes. Sometimes these spots increase in size as the cat gets older. These are flaws in the colour, and these cats are not allowed in cat shows. Even though the colour is wrong, they are still healthy cats.

History
-------

The first time the Korat breed was written about in books was in a poem written in Thailand, between 1350 and 1767 AD. The book is now in the national library in Bangkok. But the drawing of the Korat in this book did not have enough detail to positively say it is this breed. In more recent years, the Korat was pictured on a postage stamp in Thailand. 

A Korat cat first appeared in Britain with the name "Blue Siamese" in 1889 and 1896. But these solid blue cats did not meet the cat show standards for a Siamese cat, so they disappeared by 1901. 

In the United States, a Korat first appeared in the 1950s. In 1959, Cedar Glen cattery was the first to import a pair of Korats to the U.S. for breeding. They were a male named Nara and a female named Darra. In 1966, the Korat was first allowed to be shown for championship status, by a breeder from Maryland.

Other websites
--------------

* Media related to Korat at Wikimedia Commons
* Korat and Thai Registration policy Archived 2010-02-16 at the Wayback Machine
*The Great Earthquake at New Madrid*, a 19th-century woodcut from Devens' *Our First Century* (1877)
This refers to a series of earthquakes near the town of New Madrid, in late 1811, and early 1812. They are known as the **1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes**. The town is right next to the Mississippi River. This was the largest earthquake known in the United States in recorded history.

The first shock was on December 16, 1811. It had a magnitude of 7.5-7.9 on the Richter scale. There also was an aftershock of magnitude 7.4 on the same day. They were the most powerful earthquakes to hit the contiguous United States east of the Rocky Mountains in recorded history. We use the word "contiguous" because we wish to exclude Hawaii and Alaska, neither of which was then part of the United States.

The earthquakes occurred in and near the Mississippi River town of New Madrid. The town was part of the Louisiana Territory at the time. Today, it is in the US state of Missouri.

New Madrid fault and earthquake-prone region considered at high risk today
There are estimates that these stable continental region earthquakes were felt strongly over an area of 50,000 square miles (130,000 km2), and moderately across nearly 3 million km2 (1 million sq mi). The 1906 San Francisco earthquake, by comparison, was felt moderately over roughly 16,000 km2 (6,200 sq mi). There were in all three earthquakes, and each had major aftershocks.

Different American Indian tribes interpreted these earthquakes, and came to a consensus: the powerful earthquake had to have meant something. For many tribes in Tecumseh's pan-Indian alliance, it meant that Tecumseh and his brother the Prophet must be supported.

Seismic zones
-------------

Even today, earthquakes happen in this area, known as the New Madrid Seismic Zone (or NMSZ). Scientists think that before 2050 there is a chance of over 90% that quakes with a magnitude of over 7.0 on the Richter scale will occur there. Arthur C. Clarke wrote a story called Richter 10, where he describes a scenario like this.

Other seismic activity is known from fault zones within tectonic plates. They include the Charleston earthquake on in 1886. This was particularly surprising as the area had almost no history of even minor earthquakes.
Map of Florida's Nature Coast
The **Nature Coast** is a region of the U.S. state of Florida. It is made up of the Big Bend (Florida) area of the western coast and includes Citrus, Dixie, Hernando, Jefferson County, Pasco County, Levy County, Taylor County, and Wakulla County counties. This area of Florida is southern culturally, with the Deep South culture reaching to Levy County with the lower southern end (Pasco, Hernando, and sometimes Citrus county) often considered part of the Tampa Bay Metropolian Area. Pasco County is sometimes considered part of the Sun Coast.

The history of the Nature Coast
-------------------------------

The history of the name "The Nature Coast" goes back to 1991 as part of a marketing campaign to attract vacationing people to the nine county area, the name "Nature Coast" caught on quickly and describes the area previously known as the "Big Bend" of Florida.
St. Petersburg Times article, St. Petersburg Times - Feb 23, 1994[*permanent dead link*]

Wildlife and nature
-------------------

Common activities in this area are hunting, fishing, boating, bird watching, and nature hiking. Snorkeling spots are found in the rivers along the Nature Coast. Also diving and Manatee tours, predominate in areas such as Crystal River, Homosassa and Homosassa Springs.

The Nature Coast is also home to wildlife such as deer, wild pigs, roseate spoonbills, alligators, raccoons, opossums, snakes, great blue herons, egrets, turtles and countless others, including at least 19 endangered species.

Additional information and facts about The Nature Coast
-------------------------------------------------------

The NatureCoast covers 8 different counties and 1 partial county (Dunnellon is a part of Marion County). It encompasses 980,000 acres (4,000 km2).
There are also 50 Golf Courses located within these counties

### Culture

#### Citrus

Crystal River Archaeological State Park
Crystal River National Wildlife Refuge
Crystal River Preserve State Park
Hitters Hall of Fame
Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park
Lake Rousseau
Ted Williams Baseball Museum
Withlacoochee State Trail
Yulee Sugar Mill Ruins State Historic Site
#### Hernando

May-Stringer House
Weeki Wachee Springs
Nature Coast Botanical Gardens
#### Jefferson

Letchworth Mounds
#### Levy

Cedar Key Museum State Park
Cedar Key Scrub State Reserve
Cedar Keys National Wildlife Refuge
Fanning Springs State Park
Manatee Springs State Park
Waccasassa Bay Preserve State Park
Goethe State Forest
Devil's Hammock Wildlife Management Area
#### Marion

Rainbow Springs State Park
#### Pasco

Pioneer Florida Museum
#### Taylor

Forest Capital Museum State Park
#### Wakulla

Bald Point State Park
Bradwell Bay Wilderness
Edward Ball Wakulla Springs State Park
Ochlockonee River State Park
San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park
St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge
Tallahassee-St. Marks Historic Railroad Trail State Park

Other websites
--------------

* 
* Archived 2011-05-14 at the Wayback Machine The Visual Spectrum (Publishers)
**Vehicle insurance** (also called **auto insurance** or **car insurance**) is a kind of insurance that protects people if they have a car accident. Somebody with vehicle insurance would not have to pay the entire cost of damage a car accident causes. In many places, it is against the law to drive without vehicle insurance.

The driver pays a premium to the car insurance company. In exchange, the company covers the potential cost of damages and financial loss that are a result of driving. 

The bare minimum everyday driver should require to purchase liability coverage. It varies from state to state and it is important to have the minimum amount as required by law. You can receive a ticket, have your driver's license revoked, or even be arrested. 

Liability is there to protect the other drivers on the road from the damages you cause. 

Insurance prices vary a lot by the company. The car you drive can affect your auto insurance rates. If you get in an accident the repairs on the car may be different from others.

Premium
-------

Somebody with vehicle insurance would pay what is called a *premium* (perhaps every month). The insurance company would decide how big the premium is and might consider several factors. These include some of the following: 

* Age
* Type of car
* Type of job
* Gender
* Home
* History of insurance
* Past accidents

When you pay a premium, the insurance company agrees to pay your losses as outlined in your policy. Depending on different factors, the insurance company may not pay all or any of your losses.
Imeretian, Georgian in Chokha

History and revival of chokha
-----------------------------

It has been in wide use among Caucasians from the 9th century until 1920s. Nowadays, chokha is no longer in use but continues to still be worn for ceremonial and festive occasions.

Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili made high-ranking Georgian officials working abroad to wear the national costume at official meetings. So, in the very center of Europe, in the 21st century, among the elegant ladies and gentlemen classic suits, you will find men in their Chokhas, and daggers around the waist.

Types of chokha
---------------

A Georgian cavalier (Curtis, 1911)
There are Four types of Chokha worn among the Georgians:

* Kartl-Kakheti chokha (Kartli and Kakheti are eastern Georgian provinces)
* Khevsur Chokha (mainly in Mtskheta-mtianeti province of Georgia)
* Adjarian chokha (mainly found in western Georgia provinces such as Adjara and Guria and also used to be used in Lazona that is now part of republic of Turkey)
* General Caucasian chokha which is like a Kartl-Kakheti chokha but is little longer

In Georgia, the Black chokha was reserved to the "Order of Chokhosani". They represent the elite society of the citizens. These were people with special dedications such as: Great generals, heroes or some of the famous poets and the people who had done some big service to the country. Not even all of Lords were allowed in "Chokhosani Orden" and those who did proudly represented this rank in their clothing.

Chokha is sewn of thick fabric and is tight on the waist and wide on the bottom. In some parts of the Caucasus there are also female chokhas.

Generally, the chokha outfit includes a khanjali (the sword), the akhalukhi also know as the arkhalig (a shirt worn underneath the chokha), the gazyrs (the bullets), and the bashlyk (a hood, separate from the robe) or papakha (a tall fur hat).
**Narashino** is a town in Chiba prefecture in Japan. Its population density is approximately 8000. It is the 4th largest city in Chiba prefecture.

Geography
---------

Narashino is in northwestern Chiba prefecture.

Its population is approximately 170,000. The mayor of the city is Taisuke Miyamoto who was chosen in an election in 2011.

Food
----

### Narashino sausage

During World War I, from 1915 to 1920, about 1000 German soldiers were captured as prisoners of war and taken to an internment camp in Narashino. The Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce took notice of sausage as a highly nutritious food at that time. Karl Jahn and other German prisoners had been sausage makers in Germany. The Japanese bureaucracy made these craftspeople reveal their secret recipe. That’s why Narashino city is called "the birthplace of the traditional process for making sausages."

There are some traits of the Narashino sausage. For example, the sausage is free from additional food preservatives or artificial color and made from hog casing instead of sheep casing. They are served to schoolchildren for school lunch.

Nature
------

### Yatsu Higata

In the 1970s, most of the land near Narashino was built up due to economic growth, but the Minister of Finance kept one piece of land, a tidal flat, as it was. It was a rare habitat for migratory birds such as plovers and snipes. Water pollution and odor, however, became worse because of illegal waste dumping by people who lived nearby. ​Saburo Morita​who was a newspaper deliverer at that time. He started removing litters in order to clean up the tidal flat by himself. Eventually other people came to help him. They restored mud flat.

This tidal flat was entered into ​Ramsar Convention ​in 1993. Now all of the elementary school students in Narashino have been to the area at least once. There is an observatory that provides visitors with information on the area.

Celebrities
-----------

Daiki Arioka​: a member of "Hey Say Jump" (one of the Johnny’s)

Kazuya Fukuura​: a former professional baseball player (belonged to Chiba Lotte Marines)

Daichi Suzuki​: a former professional swimmer (100-meter backstroke gold medalist Seoul Olympic held in 1988)

Confectionery
-------------

### Le Pâtissier Yokoyama

In 2001, the first shop was opened in Yatsu (the second store in Okubo). The chef is Tomoyuki Yokoyama. He used to work at famous hotels like Hotel New Otani or The Okura Tokyo. His motto is to utilize simple ingredients so that everyone can enjoy his sweets.

"Iwashu" is one popular sweet. The cream puff is filled with custard cream and topped with cookie dough. It takes only about 1 hour to sell out 1200 pieces of cream puff every day.
**Alexey/Alexei Ivanovich Rykov** (Russian ; Алексей Иванович Рынков ; Alexey Ivanovich Rykov : Born 25 February 1881 in Saratov,Russian Empire - Died : 15 March 1938 in Moscow,RSFSR,Soviet Union) was a Russian revolutionary and Premier of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1930. He was killed along Genrikh Yagoda (1891-1938) by Joseph Stalin in 1938 by the NKVD Secret Police lead by Nikolai Yezhov and Lavrenty Beria .

Early life
----------

Rykov was born in 25 February 1881 in Saratov in Tsarist Russia. He joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1898. He was involved in the Russian Revolution (1905) and the Russian Revolution Of 1917-1923 and as well the Russian Civil War Of 1917-1923 and the Polish–Soviet War Of 1918-1921. When the party split into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, Rykov became a Bolshevik. He was arrested several times.

Career
------

Alexey Rykov returned from Russia after the February Revolution of 1917. During the October Revolution of 1917 he was a member of the Military Revolutionary Committee in Moscow.

After the revolution, Rykov became a Minister of the Interior. On 3 April 1918, Rykov became Chairman of the Supreme Council of National Economy.

After Lenin's death on 21 January 1924, Rykov became head of the government of both the USSR and Russia. He supported Stalin in the Communist Party.

Fall from power 1929 and Execution In 1938 By Stalin
----------------------------------------------------

Rykov lost the post of head of the government after a conflict with Stalin in 1929. He was later arrested and executed with Genrikh Yagoda (1891-1938) in 1938 by Nikolai Yezhov and Lavrentiy Beria who were head of the NKVD .

|
|  |
| Preceded byVladimir Lenin |  **Prime Minister of the Soviet Union**1924–1930 | Succeeded byVyacheslav Molotov |
*Dendrocnide moroides*, the gympie gympie
***Dendrocnide moroides***, the **gympie gympie**, or **gympie stinger**, is a plant of rainforest areas in the north east of Australia. It is also found in Indonesia. It has stinging hairs over the whole plant. It delivers a strong neurotoxin when touched. The small bulb on the tip of the stinging hairs break off and penetrating the skin, injecting the toxin. It is the most toxic of the Australian stinging trees. The fruit can be eaten if the stinging hairs that cover it are removed.

Ernie Rider, who was slapped in the face and torso with the foliage in 1963, said:

> 
> For two or three days the pain was almost unbearable; I couldn’t work or sleep, then it was pretty bad pain for another fortnight or so. The stinging persisted for two years and recurred every time I had a cold shower. ... There's nothing to rival it; it's ten times worse than anything else.
> 
> 

The sting does not stop several small marsupial species (such as the red-legged pademelon, some insects, such as *Prasyptera mastersi*, and some birds, from eating the leaves.
A **P-type semiconductor** is a type of semiconductor. When a trivalent impurity (like Boron, Aluminum etc.) is added to an intrinsic or pure semiconductor (silicon or germanium), it is said to be a p-type semiconductor. Trivalent impurities such as boron (B), gallium (Ga), indium (In), aluminum (Al) etc. are called acceptor impurity. Ordinary semiconductors are made of materials that do not conduct (or carry) an electric current very well but are not highly resistant to doing so either, metalloids, such as Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), and a few other element commonly used for the main body of semiconductors. They fall halfway between conductors and insulators and so are called semiconductors. For an electric current to flow, electrons have to move through a material. In order to move, there must be an electron hole in the material for the electron to move into. A p-type semiconductor has more holes than electrons. This allows the current to flow along the material from hole to hole but only in one direction.

Semiconductors are most often made from silicon. Silicon is an element with four electrons in its outer shell. To make a p-type semiconductor, extra materials like boron or aluminum are added to the silicon. These materials have only three electrons in their outer shell. When the extra material replaces some of the silicon it leaves a hole where the fourth electron would have been if the semiconductor was pure silicon.

P-type semiconductors are doped with **acceptors** since they can accept electrons while N-type semiconductors are doped with **donors** since they 'donate' the free electrons. PN junctions such as diodes rely on the diffusion of electrons from N-type semiconductors to P-type semiconductors to function, only permitting current in one direction.

Manufacture
-----------

P-type semiconductors are made by doping the pure semiconductor material. The amount of impurity added is very small compared to the amount of semiconductor. The exact character of the semiconductor can be changed by varying the amount of dopant that is added. In p-type semiconductors the number of holes is much higher than that of thermally generated electrons.

Related pages
-------------

* Semiconductor
* N-type semiconductor

Other websites
--------------

* The Doping of Semiconductors - Hyperphysics
* PN Junction Theory - Electronics Tutorials
**Hans Walter Frankenstein** (\* 1893 ; † after 1940) was an Austrian football player and referee.

Career
------

Frankenstein played as goalkeeper and started at the Vienna Cricket and Football Club. After stints in Frankfurt and Offenbach, he returned to the Cricketers and then worked for Wiener AF, Meidlinger Sportvereinigung and SC Weiße Elf Wien. A serious knee injury ended his career as player.

From then on he worked as a coach and section head for the Weiße Elf. They were promoted to the second class under his leadership. From 1926 to 1938 he regularly was referee in the Austrian first division and also made numerous international appearances. Between 1929 and 1937 he led nine international matches and 14 games in the Mitropapokal. In Austria he was referee in the ÖFB Cup finals four times (1930, 1932, 1936, 1937).

After the annexation of Austria through National Socialist Germany 98 Jewish referees were excluded. Frankenstein was affected by this measure. At first he stayed in Vienna with his wife and two daughters. In 1940 he left home with them, probably for Bolivia.
"**There once was a man from Nantucket**" is the first line in many limericks. This is usually because the word "Nantucket" is easy to rhyme with. The limerick where the line is from was first written for the *Princeton Tiger* in 1902.

> There once was a man from Nantucket  
> 
> Who kept all his cash in a bucket.  
> 
>   But his daughter, named Nan,  
> 
>   Ran away with a man  
> 
> And as for the bucket, Nantucket (Nan took it).
> 
> 

Many other newspapers made limericks about the man and the bucket.

> But he followed the pair to Pawtucket,  
> 
> The man and the girl with the bucket;  
> 
>   And he said to the man,  
> 
>   You're welcome to Nan,  
> 
> But as for the bucket, Pawtucket.
> 
> 

> Then the pair followed Pa to Manhasset,  
> 
> Where he still held the cash as an asset,  
> 
>   But Nan and the man  
> 
>   Stole the money and ran,  
> 
> And as for the bucket, Manhasset.
> 
> 

Sexual versions of the limerick have made it popular. One of these versions comes from 1927 in the book *Immortalia*.

> There was a young man from Nantucket  
> 
> Whose dick was so long he could suck it.  
> 
>   He said with a grin  
> 
>   As he wiped (semen) off his chin,  
> 
> "If my ear was a cunt I would fuck it."
> 
>
---

1. Investigation Discovery

![Investigation Discovery Logo]()

* + Investigation Discovery\*\* (often abbreviated as \*\*ID\*\*) is a popular American television channel dedicated to true crime and investigative programming. Launched on January 27, 2008, ID has become a prominent destination for viewers interested in real-life mysteries, crime stories, and forensic investigations.

1. 1. History

1. 1. 1. Early Years (2008-2010)

Investigation Discovery was introduced to television audiences by the Discovery, Inc. network, building on the success of its sister channels such as Discovery Channel, TLC, and Animal Planet. During its initial years, the channel featured a mix of true crime documentaries, dramatic reenactments, and investigative series.

1. 1. 1. Expansion and Programming (2010-Present)

In the years that followed, Investigation Discovery expanded its programming lineup to include a wide range of shows, each offering a unique perspective on criminal cases, mysteries, and investigations. Notable series on ID include "Forensic Files," "Disappeared," "Homicide Hunter," and "Snapped."

Investigation Discovery is known for its commitment to factual storytelling and often collaborates with law enforcement agencies, detectives, and experts to provide viewers with in-depth insights into complex cases. The channel has gained a dedicated fan base and high ratings for its compelling content.

1. 1. Programming

Investigation Discovery's programming covers a variety of true crime subgenres, including:

- \*\*Missing Persons Cases:\*\* Series like "Disappeared" focus on the stories of individuals who mysteriously vanish, leaving behind unanswered questions.

- \*\*Homicide Investigations:\*\* "Homicide Hunter" features retired detective Joe Kenda recounting some of the most challenging murder cases he solved during his career.

- \*\*Forensic Analysis:\*\* "Forensic Files" delves into the science and technology behind solving crimes through forensic evidence.

- \*\*Women Who Kill:\*\* "Snapped" examines the stories of women who have committed murder, exploring the psychological factors behind their actions.

1. 1. Reception

Investigation Discovery has received acclaim for its riveting storytelling, attention to detail, and dedication to factual accuracy. It has garnered a dedicated following and has consistently ranked as one of the top cable networks in the United States for true crime content.

1. 1. Availability

Investigation Discovery is available to viewers in the United States and select international markets. It can be accessed through various cable and satellite providers, as well as streaming services.

1. 1. References

- [Official Investigation Discovery Website]()

---
The **American Bobtail** is a breed of cat. It has a short "bobbed" tail about one-third to one-half the length of a normal cat's tail. This is because of a genetic mutation that affects the way their tail develops. This mutation also happens with the Manx cat. 

The American Bobtail looks like the Japanese Bobtail, but they are not in the same cat breed family. The genetic mutations for their bobbed tails are different because the gene for the American Bobtail's tail is dominant and the Japanese Bobtail's is recessive.

Appearance
----------

American Bobtail
American Bobtails can have either short or long-haired fur coats. Their coat is shaggy instead of fluffy. They can have any color of eyes and coat. They look like a "wild" tabby cat. Their eyes are almond shaped. They have a long and strong body. Their tail is short, but the end of it can be seen above their back. It can be straight or curved, slightly knotted or may have bumps. These cats take two to three years to grow from kittens into adult cats.

Behavior
--------

American Bobtails are playful and have a lot of energy. They are friendly and are not shy. These cats are intelligent. Some have been clever enough to escape from rooms and cages with closed and latched doors. Since they are playful and want attention, they will beg for it by meowing or just by hopping into laps.

History
-------

An urban legend says that Bobtail cats began by cross mating a domestic tabby cat and a wild bobcat. Their unusual tail is really an accidental genetic mutation in the cat world. It may be related to the Manx gene, which is also dominant. The first Bobtail cat's parents were a short-tailed brown tabby cat male named Yodie and a seal point Siamese female in the late 1960s. This cat was born in Arizona near an American Indian reservation. Yodie's family breed was not known. It was thought to have been a bobcat and domestic cat hybrid because of its stubby tail.

The breed was first recognized by The International Cat Association in the United States, in 1989.

Other websites
--------------

* Media related to American Bobtail at Wikimedia Commons
* American Bobtail Breeders Association Archived 2012-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
* American Bobtail Guide Archived 2019-04-28 at the Wayback Machine