recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Ambulocetus** ("walking whale") was an early amphibious cetacean. It could walk as well as swim. *Ambulocetus natans* lived from the early Eocene (50 to 48 million years ago). Its fossils have been found in Pakistan. When the animal was alive, Pakistan was a coastal region of India, which was then a large island in the Indian Ocean.

Description
-----------

*Ambulocetus* size, compared to a human.
It looked like a 3-meter (10-foot) long mammalian crocodile. It was clearly amphibious: its back legs are better adapted for swimming than for walking on land, and it probably swam by undulating its back vertically, as otters and whales do.

Ambulocetids may have hunted like crocodiles, lurking in the shallows to snatch unsuspecting prey. Chemical analysis of its teeth shows that it was able to move between salt and fresh water. *Ambulocetus* did not have external ears. To detect prey on land, they may have lowered their heads to the ground and felt for vibrations.

Scientists consider *Ambulocetus* to be an early whale because it shares underwater adaptations with them. It had an adaptation in the nose that enabled it to swallow underwater, and its periotic bones had a structure like those of whales, enabling it to hear well underwater. In addition, its teeth are similar to those of early cetaceans.

One mostly complete specimen and several partial skeletons have been found in Pakistan.

Related pages
-------------

* Pakicetus
***2010*** (known also as ***2010: The Year We Make Contact***) is a 1984 science fiction movie. It was both directed and produced by Peter Hyams. *2010* was released on December 7, 1984. It is based on the Arthur C. Clarke novel *2010: Odyssey Two* and is the sequel to the 1968 movie *2001: A Space Odyssey*.

The movie got mixed to positive reviews from critics. It has a 66% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critic Roger Ebert rated the movie three out of four stars and said that it "doesn't match the poetry and the mystery of the original film" and that it "has an ending that is infuriating, not only in its simplicity, but in its inadequacy to fulfill the sense of anticipation, the sense of wonder we felt at the end of 2001". He finished his review by "And yet the truth must be told: This is a good movie. Once we've drawn our lines, once we've made it absolutely clear that 2001 continues to stand absolutely alone as one of the greatest movies ever made, once we have freed 2010 of the comparisons with Kubrick's masterpiece, what we are left with is a good-looking, sharp-edged, entertaining, exciting space opera".

In 1985, the movie was nominated for five Academy Awards in the categories of Best Art Direction, Best Makeup, Best Visual Effects, Best Costume Design, and Best Sound Presentation.

Cast
----

* Roy Scheider as Dr. Heywood R. Floyd
* John Lithgow as Dr. Walter Curnow
* Helen Mirren as Tanya Kirbuk
* Bob Balaban as Dr. R. Chandra
* Keir Dullea as Dave Bowman
* Douglas Rain as the voice of HAL 9000
* Madolyn Smith as Caroline Floyd
* Saveliy Kramarov as Dr. Vladimir Rudenko
* Taliesin Jaffe as Christopher Floyd
* James McEachin as Victor Milson
* Mary Jo Deschanel as Betty Fernandez
* Elya Baskin as Maxim Brailovsky
* Dana Elcar as Dimitri Moiseyevich
* Oleg Rudnik as Dr. Vasili Orlov
* Natasha Shneider as Irina Yakunina
* Vladimir Skomarovsky as Yuri Svetlanov
* Victor Steinbach as Nikolaj Ternovsky
* Candice Bergen as the voice of SAL 9000 (she was credited as Olga Mallsner)

Other websites
--------------


Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: ***2010: The Year We Make Contact***

* *2010* on IMDb
A raspberry fruit is an aggregate fruit. The ovaries that make up the aggregate are called drupelets
The fruit that grows from an *Aquilegia* flower forms from several ovaries. The fruit is an aggregate of "follicles". However, because the follicles are not connected to each other, it is not considered to be an aggregate fruit
An **aggregate fruit** is a fruit that develops from a single flower, but the flower has more than one ovary, and the ovaries join together as the fruit grows.

A fruit that grows from just one flower that contains just one ovary, is not an aggregate fruit but a **simple fruit**.

Not all flowers with multiple ovaries grow into aggregate fruit; the ovaries of some flowers do not become tightly joined together to make a larger fruit.

Aggregate fruits may also be accessory fruits. In accessory fruits, parts of the flower that are not the ovary become juicy and form part of the fruit.

Aggregate fruits include:

* Raspberry
* Blackberry
* Strawberry is an aggregate fruit and is also an accessory fruit. The small dark-coloured dots on a strawberry are the ovaries. The juicy part of the strawberry grows from the base of the flower.

Related pages
-------------

* Multiple fruit
**Action theory** is an area in philosophy that talks about theories about the processes that cause intentional (willful) human body movements.

The philosophy of action
------------------------

Some Philosophers ask the question 'What is an action?' or 'What makes somebody do an action?'. Here are two theories.

### The belief-desire (want-think) theory

Some philosophers say that an action is caused by a person wanting something and thinking that by doing that action they can get it. For example, if I want an apple and think that by walking to a table with some apples on it I can get one, then I will walk to the table. It is important to have both a want (desire) and a thought about how to get it (belief).
If I think that by walking to a table with some apples on it I can get an apple, but want an orange and not an apple, then I will not walk to the table. If I want an apple, but think that the table across the room is just a picture of a table, then I will not walk to the table.

### The neurological (brain) theory

Other philosophers say that the want-think theory is not true. They say that it is my brain and my nerves that causes an action. They see the brain as working like a computer that directs small electric packages from some nerves to other nerves and stores some for a while in memory. These packages cannot be named, they are just like computer bits and bytes. These philosophers say that we talk about what we want and what we think because the brain is very complicated and we do not understand it yet.

These questions form part of the philosophy of mind.
An **all-you-can-eat restaurant** (**AYCE**) is a restaurant where any amount of food can be eaten for one price. They are often buffets.

Buffets
-------

Herbert "Herb" Cobb McDonald, a Las Vegas publicity and entertainment manager, introduced the idea in 1946. William Pearson talked about buffets in his 1965 novel *The Muses of Ruin*:

> At midnight every self-respecting casino premières its buffet— the eighth wonder of the world, the one true art form this androgynous harlot of cities has delivered herself of... We marvel at the Great Pyramids, but they were built over decades; the midnight buffet is built daily. Crushed-ice castles and grottoes chill the shrimp and lobster. Sculptured aspic is scrolled with Paisley arabesques. They are, laid out with reverent artistry: hors d'oeuvres, relish, salads, and sauces; crab, herring oyster, sturgeon, octopus, and salmon; turkey, ham, roast beef, casseroles, fondues, and curries; cheeses, fruits, and pastries. How many times you go through the line is a private matter between you and your capacity, and then between your capacity and the chef's evil eye.
> 
> 

A 2011 study showed more food is eaten if buffets cost more.

COVID-19 restrictions from March 2020 briefly closed many all-you-can-eat places.[*source?*]

Other restaurants
-----------------

Korean barbecue, Brazilian churrasco and Chinese hot pot are often all-you-can-eat.

Drinks
------

Unlimited drinks, mostly alcoholic drinks, are "all-you-can-drink" or "bottomless", as in "bottomless brunch" or "bottomless mimosas".
The red circle shows where 51 Pegasi is inside the constellation Pegasus.
**51 Pegasi** is a star that is like our Sun and can be found 15.4 parsecs (50.1 light-years) away from the Earth in the constellation Pegasus. It was the first Sun-like star, other than the Sun, found to have a planet orbiting it, this discovery was first made public in 1995.

The exoplanet's discovery was made public on October 6, 1995 by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz. The discovery was made using the radial velocity method at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence, using a tool called the ELODIE spectrograph that is used to find planets that are outside our Solar System. 

The star itself has an apparent brightness of 5.49, and because of this it is able to be seen from the Earth with binoculars, or with the naked eye if it is dark outside. 51 Pegasi is a yellow dwarf star that is thought to be around 7.5 billion years old, which is somewhat older than our Sun. 51 Pegasi is also 4-6% more massive than our Sun with more metal content. However, it is running low on hydrogen. 

In 1996 astronomers Baliunas, Sokoloff, and Soon calculated that it takes 51 Pegasi b 37 days to orbit 51 Pegasi.

Planetary system
----------------

See the main article: 51 Pegasi b
After the announcement, on October 12, 1995, more proof that this star did exist came from Dr. Geoffrey Marcy from San Francisco State University and Dr. R. Paul Butler from the University of California, Berkeley using the Hamilton Spectrograph at the Lick Observatory near San Jose in California.

51 Pegasi b is the first discovered planet of its parent star, 51 Pegasi. If any more are discovered they will be named 51 Pegasi c, 51 Pegasi d, and so on. The planet has been informally named Bellerophon. After its discovery, many teams proved its existence and continued to find out more about its properties, including the fact that it orbits very close to the star, has estimated temperatures around 1200 Celsius, and has a minimum mass about half that of Jupiter.

Other websites
--------------

* **Extrasolar Visions**: 51 Pegasi Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine
* 51 Pegasi at SolStation.com.
* nStars database entry Archived 2004-08-14 at the Wayback Machine
* David Darling's encyclopedia
**Alfalfa** (*Medicago sativa*) is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is also known as the **lucerne**. It is native to the Near East and central Asia. It has been introduced to Europe, central Africa, China, North America, and South America. Alfalfa is a crop. It is used to feed livestock.

Nutritional value
-----------------

Sprouted alfalfa seeds
Alfalfa is high in protein, calcium and other minerals, vitamins in the B group, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K. The sun-dried hay of alfalfa has been found to be a source of vitamin D, containing 48 ng/g (1920 IU/kg) vitamin D2 and 0.63 ng/g (25 IU/kg) vitamin D3. There is reference to vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 being found in the alfalfa shoot; this is awaiting verification. Mushrooms are not allowed in Jain vegetarianism, making alfalfa the only known source which Jains can use to make vitamin D2 supplements.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Medicago sativa***.

Wikispecies has information on: ***Medicago sativa***.

* *Medicago sativa* at Tropical Forages
***Afrocarpus falcatus*** is a tree in the family Podocarpaceae. Common terms include common yellowwood, bastard yellowwood, outeniqua yellowwood, African fern pine, and weeping yew.

The tree is native to the montane forests of southern Africa. It can be found in Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, and Swaziland. The tree is widespread in some areas and not considered threatened. In South Africa it is a protected tree in South Africa.

Description
-----------

This is an evergreen conifer. It often grows up to about 45 meters tall, but is known to reach 60 m. The trunk can be 2 to 3 m wide, and is gray-brown to reddish. The leaves are arranged in spirals on the branches. They are small and narrow, up to 4.5 cm long by about 6 mm wide.

Biology
-------

Female trees bear their fruit only every few years. The main agents of seed dispersal are fruit bats. They eat the fleshy covering but discard the hard, woody seed. 

Many birds feed on the fruits, such as hornbills, Cape parrot, purple-crested turaco, Knysna turaco, Ross's turaco, African olive pigeon, African green pigeon, and eastern bronze-naped pigeon. Colobus monkeys, bushpigs and rodents also feed on the fruits.
**Ala-ud-din Khalji** (died 1316), was the second ruler of the Khalji dynasty. He was the most powerful ruler of the Khalji Dynasty. He ruled from 1296 to 1316. He was the nephew (and son-in-law) of Jalal-ud-din Khalji. His son was Khusrau Malik. He wished to become the second Alexander. He took the title ‘Sikander-i-Sani’. He banned drinking of alcohol in open in his kingdom.He was an undefeated Sultan of Delhi.

Military Campaigns
------------------

Ala-ud-din Khalji first conquered Gujarat and Malwa. In 1301 he conquered Ranthambore. In 1303 he captured Chittor. Then he sent a large army headed by his general Malik Kafur to South India. Malik Kafur defeated the Yadavas, Kakatiyas, Hoysalas and the Pandyas. He sacked the cities of Madurai, Rameswaram, Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu and captured whole south.He also took away a lot of wealth and returned to Delhi in a grand ceremony. Around the end of his reign, his empire was as large as that of Ashoka the Great (274 BC–232 BC).

Economic Measures
-----------------

Khalji needed money to keep a large army. The main sources were taxes. The land tax was fixed according to the fertility of the land. The land tax in the fertile Ganga-Yamuna doab was one-half of the produce. He kept a strict check on the nobles. A group of officers were kept to discourage corruption. He introduced a system of auditing accounts.

He introduced a market control policy in which he reduced the price of day to day items such as sugar, oil, cloth etc. Shop owners had to pay the amount fixed by Ala-ud-din Khalji. Officials were appointed to check the shop owners. Whoever was caught cheating, was punished. This allowed Khalji to pay a low salary to the soldiers.

Army Reforms
------------

With money available to him he maintained a large army. He paid his soldiers in cash. He even started branding horses ( Dagh). This was to prevent the substitution of good horses with low quality horses. He even kept a description of all soldiers in his army (Chehra). He posted spies throughout the empire to prevent rebellions.

Related pages
-------------

* Khalji dynasty

Other websites
--------------

* Interesting facts and history of Alauddin Khalji:the second Alexander
* Allauddin Khalji Biography


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Alauddin Khalji***.
**Alicia Markova** DBE (born **Lilian Alicia Marks**, 1 December 1910 – 2 December 2004) was an English ballerina and choreographer. She also directed and taught ballet. She was the first British dancer to become the prima ballerina of a ballet company.

Markova was born and raised in London. She was a founder dancer of the Ballet Rambert (1931/5), the Vic-Wells Ballet (193/5), Markova-Dolin Company (1935/8), danced for the American Ballet Theatre (1941/5), and was co-founder and director of the English National Ballet. She toured with Dolin after the war until 1949. Her last period as a dancer came with the London Festival Ballet, which became the English National Ballet. She retired from professional dancing in January 1963 at fifty-two.

Markova died at ninety-four in Bath, Somerset, of a stroke.

Life
----

Markova's father was Jewish, and her mother converted to the faith. She began studying ballet with Princess Serafina Astafieva, a Russian ballerina living in London. Astafieva was a retired dancer of the Ballets Russes, a renowned ballet company founded by the impresario Sergei Diaghilev.

At 13, Markova was seen in class by Diaghilev, who was visiting London in search of new talent. He invited her to join the Ballets Russes in Monte Carlo, which she did in 1925, a month after her 14th birthday. She danced roles which were specially choreographed for her. She met some of the leading 20th century figures who worked with the company. They included Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Prokofiev, Léonide Massine, George Balanchine, and Bronislava Nijinska.
The **African forest elephant** (*Loxodonta cyclotis*) is an elephant which lives in the forests of the Congo Basin. 

It is often considered a separate species from the African bush elephant (*Loxodonta africana*); a 2010 study said that the two elephants were two different species. However, since the two groups can interbreed successfully, they may only be separate subspecies of *Loxodonta africana*. They are probably forest elephants whose small size is adapted to the rainforest conditions.

Differences
-----------

The differences include that the African forest elephant has a long, narrow mandible (the African bush elephant's is short and wide), it has rounded ears (an African bush elephant's ears are more pointed), straighter and downward tusks, smaller size, and more toenails. The male African forest elephant rarely grows more than 2.5 metres (8 ft) in height, while the African bush elephant is usually over 3 metres (just under 10 feet) and sometimes almost 4 metres (13 ft) tall. The African bush elephant normally has 4 toenails on the frontfoot and 3 on the hindfoot, the African forest elephant normally has 5 toenails on the frontfoot and 4 on the hindfoot (like the Asian elephant). 

 An African forest elephant

Diet
----

The African forest elephant is a herbivore (plant eater) and commonly eats leaves, grass, fruit, and bark, and sometimes visits places where it can lick salt.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Loxodonta cyclotis***.

Wikispecies has information on: ***Loxodonta cyclotis***.

* BBC Wildlife Finder - video clips from the BBC archive Archived 2010-11-06 at the Wayback Machine
* ARKive - Images and movies of the forest elephant (*Loxodonta cyclotis*) Archived 2006-03-01 at the Wayback Machine
* PBS Nature: Tracking Forest Elephants Archived 2008-05-03 at the Wayback Machine
* Forest Elephant Program
* Elephant Information Repository Archived 2009-03-18 at the Wayback Machine - An in-depth resource on elephants
* The Elephant Listening Project - Information on forest elephants and their vocalizations.
**Albaston** (Cornish: *Trevalba*) is a hamlet in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is in the civil parish of Calstock.

Geography
---------

Albaston is about 1 mile (2 kilometres) from the centre of Gunnislake and half-a-mile (0.7 kilometres) from Gunnislake railway station, the junction of the Tamar Valley Line from Plymouth.

History
-------

In the past, Albaston was closely connected with the nearby mine at Drakewalls. The success of the Drakewalls mine in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century led to the growth of the village of Albaston, including the building of a Methodist chapel and several shops, homes and businesses. A brewery, Edward Bowhay & Brothers, was established by 1877; this brewery had closed by 1930.

Facilities
----------

The village has a Methodist church, known as Tamar Valley Methodist Church. It was opened in 2001.

The Old Post Office House is now rented as a holiday home accommodating nine people.

Notable residents
-----------------

Christian Pentecostal leader Thomas Ball Barratt was born in Albaston in 1862, the son of a mining engineer. He moved to Norway when his father began working for a mine there and in later life became the founder of the Norwegian Pentecostal movement.
Cemetery at Mount Browne
The **Albert Goldfield** is an area of 1300 square kilometres (500 square miles) where gold was discovered in the outback of New South Wales in 1880. Gold was found at Mount Browne, which is 53 km (33 mi) south west of Tibooburra. There were other finds at Good Friday, Easter Monday, Nuggerty, Pioneer Reef and Warratta Creek.

This is a very hot and dry area of Australia. Because of the shortage of water, towns were started at Milparinka and Tibooburra where there was water available. Towns at Albert and Mount Browne did not last for long because of the lack of water. By 1881 there were more than 2000 people living on the gold diggings or in the towns. Geologist William Henry John Slee was appointed resident Goldfield Warden. The miners had to either take their dirt to one of the towns to use water to pan for the gold, or use a method called dry blowing. Dry blowing means breaking the dirt into fine particles and letting the wind blow away the dirt leaving the heavier gold behind. Life on the goldfields was hard, water was scarce, fresh fruit and vegetables were not available, and basics like flour were very expensive. Disease, including dysentery and typhoid were common.

By 1893 the gold rush had ended and most people had left the goldfields.

Other websites
--------------

* Mount Browne Archived 2011-04-25 at the Wayback Machine
AADA New York City
The **American Academy of Dramatic Arts** (**AADA**) is a two-year performing arts school. It has two locations. The first is at 120 Madison Avenue, Manhattan, New York City. The second is at 1336 North La Brea Avenue, Hollywood, California. AADA is the oldest acting school in the English-speaking world. The 2015 tuition is $30,650. About 81% of those who apply are accepted. AADA is a private non-profit institution.

History
-------

The academy in New York City was founded in 1884. Its purpose was to train actors for the stage. The landmark building was designed by noted architect Stanford White as the original Colony Club. In 1974, the academy opened another campus in Pasadena, California. This made AADA the only professional actor training school in both major theatrical centers in the US. The Los Angeles campus moved from Pasadena to Hollywood in 2001.

Program
-------

The academy remains dedicated to training professional actors. It offers a two-year program. Students have to be invited back for the second year. Auditions are held at the end of the second year for the third year company. As well as training for the theatre, it now offers courses in the movies and television. Students who graduate in New York receive an Associate of Occupational Studies degree. Students who graduate in Hollywood receive a Certificate of Completion or an Associate of Arts degree in acting. Students from New York and Los Angeles can get a Bachelor of Arts degree from selected universities.

Notable alumni
--------------

Notable alumni include:


|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 
* Hank Azaria
* Lauren Bacall
* Conrad Bain
* Anne Bancroft
* Diana Barrymore
* Laura Branigan
* Adrien Brody
* John Cassavetes
* Kim Cattrall
* Jennifer Coolidge
* Hume Cronyn
* Bob Cummings
* Cecil B. DeMille
* William Devane
* Danny DeVito
* Colleen Dewhurst
* Kirk Douglas

 | 
* Julia Duffy
* Christine Ebersole
* James Farentino
* Nina Foch
* Ruth Gordon
* Bruce Greenwood
* Anne Hathaway
* Dennis Haysbert
* Florence Henderson
* Judd Hirsch
* Kate Jackson
* Grace Kelly
* Johnny Knoxville
* Dina Merrill
* Elizabeth Montgomery
* Carrie-Anne Moss
* Sarah Paulson

 | 
* Tom Poston
* William Powell
* Robert Redford
* Don Rickles
* Thelma Ritter
* Jason Robards
* Eric Roberts
* Edward G. Robinson
* Gena Rowlands
* Paul Rudd
* Rosalind Russell
* Jaclyn Smith
* Loretta Swit
* Gene Tierney
* Spencer Tracy
* Claire Trevor
* Peter Weller

 |
The Roman Empire ca. 117 with the province of Africa highlighted
The Roman province of **Africa** was established after the Romans defeated Carthage in the Third Punic War. It roughly includeded the territory of present-day northern Tunisia, north-eastern Algeria and the Mediterranean coast of modern-day western Libya along the Syrtis Minor. The Arabs later named roughly the same region as the original province Ifriqiya, an other word for *Africa*.

Economics
---------

The prosperity of most towns depended on agriculture. Called the "granary of the empire", North Africa, according to one estimate, produced one million tons of cereals each year, one-quarter of which was exported. Additional crops included beans, figs, grapes, and other fruits. By the second century, olive oil rivaled cereals as an export item. In addition to the cultivation of slaves, and the capture and transporting of exotic wild animals, the principal production and exports included the textiles, marble, wine, timber, livestock, pottery and wool.

Other websites
--------------

* Roman Africa at www.unrv.com
**Angara** is a family of rockets which are being developed in Russia. The family contains many different rockets. For example, there is a rocket for lifting small payloads and a rocket for lifting heavy payloads. The rockets are designed by a company called Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center. The first rocket is expected to be ready in 2012.

Purpose
-------

Angara is being developed using money given by the Russian government. The government decided to finance Angara because they wanted to make sure that Russia has independent access to space. Many of Russia's current rockets can only be launched from Baikonour Cosmodrome in Kazakshtan. Many of them also use foreign technology. However, Angara is better since it does not use any foreign technology (it is 100% Russian) and can be launched from Plesetsk Cosmodrome, located in Russian territory. Another reason why it was decided to build Angara is because Russia needed a rocket which does not use toxic fuels, like some current rockets do.

Description
-----------

The first part of all Angara rockets consists of an engine called Universal Rocket Module (in short: URM). The small version, Angara 1.1 has only one URM, while the heavier Angara 5 has 5 URMs. For this reason, Angara 5 can lift heavier payloads. The second part (called the second stage) of Angara 1.1 is called Briz-KM and the second stage of Angara 5 is called Block I.

The rockets are meant for launching unmanned payloads such as satellites. However, Khrunichev has also suggested building a version that could launch humans into space: Angara 5P.

All Angara versions can be launched from a single launch pad.

The first flight of Angara is expected to take place in 2012 from Plesetsk Cosmodrome. In the future, the flights on Angara rockets will be sold to other companies, who want to get their satellites into space. The price for an Angara 1.1 flight is expected to be about 20 million dollars.
High risk issued for March 28, 1984.
The **1984 Carolinas tornado outbreak** of March 28, 1984 across North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia was the largest tornado outbreak in the two Carolinas since the Enigma tornado outbreak 100 years earlier.

Forecast
--------

Weather reports from that day were that a tornado watch was issued for Alabama and Georgia, where two tornadoes struck Barrow County at 2:25 p.m. Eastern Time, and Henry County at 2:30 p.m. Eastern Time in Georgia. The first reports were hail from Macon County, North Carolina. By mid-afternoon, a high risk was issued for Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina as severe thunderstorms had entered western South Carolina and tornado watches was issued for South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia.

### Tornadoes

Tornadoes confirmed on March 28, 1984| Rating (#) | Time | County | State | Deaths | Injuries |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| F1 | 2:25 PM | Barrow | Georgia | 0 | 1 |
| F0 | 2:30 PM | Henry | Georgia | 0 | 0 |
| F1 | 4:30 PM | Abbeville | South Carolina | 0 | 24 |
| F2 | 4:40 PM | Laurens | South Carolina | 0 | 43 |
| F2 | 5:20 PM | Newberry | South Carolina | 1 | 38 |
| F3 | 5:40 PM | Newberry | South Carolina | 0 | 10 |
| F4 | 6:00 PM | Fairfield | South Carolina | 5 | 0 |
| F1 | 6:10 PM | Union | North Carolina | 0 | 0 |
| F4 | 6:20 PM | Kershaw, Lancaster | South Carolina | 0 | 31 |
| F2 | 6:40 PM | Chesterfield | South Carolina | 0 | 0 |
| F4 | 6:45 PM | Chesterfield | South Carolina | 0 | 24 |
| F4 | 7:10 PM | Marlboro, Scotland (NC) | South Carolina, North Carolina | 7 | 100 |
| F4 | 7:20 PM | Marlboro, Scotland (NC), Robeson (NC), Cumberland (NC) | South Carolina, North Carolina | 4 | 395 |
| F3 | 7:45 PM | Bladen, Cumberland, Sampson | North Carolina | 12 | 101 |
| F2 | 8:10 PM | Nash | North Carolina | 0 | 0 |
| F4 | 8:15 PM | Sampson, Duplin, Wayne | North Carolina | 3 | 0 |
| F3 | 8:30 PM | Wayne, Lenoir | North Carolina | 0 | 81 |
| F4 | 8:45 PM | Wayne, Lenoir, Greene, Pitt | North Carolina | 16 | 153 |
| F3 | 8:55 PM | Bertie | North Carolina | 6 | 19 |
| F2 | 9:10 PM | Bertie, Hertford | North Carolina | 0 | 7 |
| F1 | 9:17 PM | Hertford | North Carolina | 0 | 0 |
| F2 | 9:35 PM | Horry, Columbus (NC) | South Carolina, North Carolina | 0 | 8 |
| F3 | 9:37 PM | Gates | North Carolina | 2 | 10 |
| F2 | 10:15 PM | Chowan, Perquimans | North Carolina | 1 | 1 |

Aftermath
---------

The outbreak killed 57 people (42 in North Carolina, 15 in South Carolina) and injured 1,249 others, and tornado damage in 2 counties in Georgia, 8 in South Carolina, and 17 in North Carolina. The day before, weak tornadoes were reported in locations from Louisiana to Alabama and thunderstorms also triggered floods in Florida that caused a train derailment. Severe thunderstorms also caused four additional deaths in Maryland and Pennsylvania before dropping snow across the northeast. Cities including Atlanta, Charlotte, Columbia, Greenville, Fayetteville, Norfolk, Raleigh, and Suffolk had wind damage and it was reported as north as Delaware.
**Alpha-beta pruning** is a Search algorithm that tries to remove options that it can take. This algorithm is commonly used for a computer to play two player games, such as chess, go, and checkers. The algorithm stops analyzing a move when it finds another possible move that is proven to be better, and that move will not be analyzed again. This algorithm is a modification of minimax algorithm.

Algorithm
---------

Minimax tree with alpha-beta pruning applied to it.
The algorithm keeps track of two values, Alpha and Beta, and assigns "points" to possible moves where the greater the amount of points a move has, the higher chance that choosing that move will lead to victory. Alpha represents the minimum amount of points the player the algorithm wants to win can have(the maximizing player), while beta is the maximum amount of points the algorithm wants to lose can have(the minimizing player). Alpha and Beta start as negative infinity and infinity respectively. Whenever a move is found such that the maximizing player's score improves or the minimizing player's score decreases, then Alpha and Beta will be replaced with those new values.

In the best case, the complexity of the algorithm is O({\displaystyle {\sqrt {(}}b^{d})}) while the worst case is O({\displaystyle b^{d}}) where b is the branching factor, that is how much each move splits into future options on average, and d is the depth, as in on average how many possible moves are made into the game.
**Afro-Haitians** or **Black Haitians**, are Haitian people whose ancestors were Africans. Most Afro-Haitians are descended from West African slaves. The slaves were brought over to work in plantations, mainly for sugar canes.

The vast majority (about 90%) of Haitians are of African descent. Of them, about 25-30% are of mixed race or mulatto.

Origins
-------

| Region descended from, 1535-1791 | Amount % |
| --- | --- |
| Senegambia (Wolof) | 6.5 |
| Sierra Leone (Zape) | 3.1 |
| Windward Coast  | 1.1 |
| Gold Coast (Akan, Bran) | 4.3 |
| Bight of Benin (Yoruba, Aja, Terranova) | 24.7 |
| Bight of Biafra (Igbo, Kalabari) | 4.6 |
| West-central Africa (Kongo, Mbundu) | 46.1 |
| Southeast Africa  | 3.3 |
| (Unknown) | 6.3 |

Haiti, just like in any region in the Americas, received slaves from all over West and Central Africa. Although Haitian slaves were from all over Africa, the most common were Kongos from the Congo region, and Ewe and Fon tribes of current-day Benin or Togo. There was also a lot of Igbo people from Nigeria.

Haitian Voodoo is obviously from the Fon people of Benin, when they came in large numbers as slaves to work in plantations as maids, farmers, and sugar cane cutters have kept their traditions strong and alive till this day after 300 years away from their original home.

The African influence can also be seen in the language Haitians use to speak; Haitian Creole is a French-based language with strong African influence in the phonetics, vocabulary, syntax, grammar, pronunciations. There are many words of African origin used in every day speech. Haitian food is mostly of African origin, including the names of the food. The music of Haiti is filled with African rhythms and instruments, the use of call and response as well as vocal African songs.
**Andretti Autosport** is an American car racing team that races in the IZOD IndyCar Series. They have won many series titles, the last one with Ryan Hunter-Reay in 2007. They were called Andretti Green Racing until 2010. It is owned by Mario Andretti and his son Michael Andretti. Their 2011 drivers were 

Danica Patrick the first woman to win an IndyCar race. She is being replaced for 2012 and will move to NASCAR. she drove the #7 car sponsored by domain name provider GoDaddy.com. Patrick was supposed to be replaced by Dan Wheldon but he was killed in an accident before his first race with the team.

Marco Andretti the son of the team owner who won the 2011 Iowa Corn Indy 200. He drives the #26 car sponsored by Dr. Pepper and Venom Energy Drink.

Mike Conway is a British driver that joined the team for 2011. He won the Long Beach Grand Prix. Conway drives the #27 Buffalo Wild Wings car. The team replaced him with James Hinchcliffe for 2012.

Ryan Hunter Reay also drives for the team, which he joined in 2010. His car is No. 28 and is sponsored by Sun Drop and DHL. He won the 2012 IndyCar Series championship.

Currently, their drivers for 2014 are Marco Andretti, Kurt Busch, James Hinchcliffe, Ryan Hunter-Reay, and Carlos Muñoz.
**Alexander A. (Alex) Parent** was a trade union official and, for one term, was a member of the Ontario Legislative Assembly.

Parent was president of United Auto Workers Local 195 in Windsor, Ontario in the 1940s, and a supporter of the Communist Party of Canada, which at the time was known as the Labor-Progressive Party. In the 1945 Ontario general election, Parent was nominated by the UAW-CIO as one of three Labour candidates in the election. Parent ran in Essex North, George Burt, the UAW's Canadian director, ran in Windsor-Walkerville and Windsor mayor Arthur Reaume ran in Windsor—Sandwich. All three were jointly nominated by the Communist Labor-Progressive Party and the Ontario Liberal Party and ran as Liberal-Labour candidates and targeted ridings held by the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation.
Parent was elected, and initially sat with the Liberal Party but quit the Liberal group in the legislature in January 1946 in order to sit as a "straight Labor representative", working and voting with Labor-Progressive MPPs J.B. Salsberg and A. A. MacLeod.

He remained president of Local 195 until March 1946 when he defeated by Earl Watson by 2,200 votes to 1,600 votes.

Parent did not run in the 1948 Ontario general election, and his riding was re-taken by the CCF.
He died on December 25, 1961, at the age of 53.
Coordinates: 39°48′12″N 89°38′50″W﻿ / ﻿39.8032°N 89.6473°W﻿ / 39.8032; -89.6473

  

The **Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum** is a museum in Springfield, Illinois. It contains papers and exhibits about U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. Much of the museum is made of dioramas, or re-creations of scenes from the life of Lincoln. These include scenes of Lincoln in Springfield, Lincoln in the White House, and Lincoln at Ford's Theater. They were designed by Bob Rogers, who used to work for The Walt Disney Company as a designer. Some historians did not like that the exhibits were designed by someone who had worked for Disney. They thought that Disney people do not tell American history the right way. Along with the dioramas are original artifacts of Lincoln, such as the first copy of the Gettysburg Address. The library's founding director was Richard Norton Smith, who wrote several books on American presidents. Its current director is Eileen R. Mackevich.

Run by the state of Illinois, the library opened on April 19, 2005. After three years, it had more than 1.5 million visitors.

Other websites
--------------

* Media related to Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum at Wikimedia Commons

| * v
* t
* e
United States presidential libraries |
| --- |
| Non-NARA libraries | 
* Washington
* J and J.Q. Adams
* Lincoln
* Hayes
* McKinley
* Wilson
* Coolidge
* Obama *(under construction)*
* Trump *(possible)*

 |
| NARA libraries | 
* Hoover
* F.D. Roosevelt
* Truman
* Eisenhower
* Kennedy
* Johnson
* Nixon
* Ford
	+ Museum
* Carter
* Reagan
* G. H. W. Bush
* Clinton
* G. W. Bush

 |
Irregular prograde groups of satellites of Saturn: Gallic (red) and Inuit (blue)
**Albiorix** is a non-spherical moon of Saturn. It was found by Holman, et al. in 2000, and given the designation **S/2000 S 11**.

Albiorix is the biggest member of the Gallic group of non-spherical moons.

It was named in August 2003 from one of the Celtic names for the god of tribal unity, better known as Toutatis.

Albiorix orbits Saturn at a distance of about 16,000,000 km and its diameter is estimated at 32 kilometers, assuming an albedo of 0.04. A day on Albiorix is 13 hours and 19 minutes long. 

The diagram illustrates its orbit in relation to other prograde non-spherical moons of Saturn. The eccentricity of the orbits is represented by the yellow segments extending from the pericentre to the apocentre. 

Different colours seen recently suggest a possibility of a big crater, suggesting that Erriapo and Tarvos could be pieces of Albiorix following a near break-up collision with another body.

Other websites
--------------

* David Jewitt pages

  

| * v
* t
* e
Moons of Saturn |
| --- |
| *Listed in approximately increasing distance from Saturn. Temporary names in italics.* |
| Ring shepherds | 
* *S/2009 S 1*
* Ring moonlets
* Pan
* Daphnis
* Atlas
* Prometheus
* Pandora

 |
| Co-orbitals | 
* Epimetheus
* Janus

 |
| G Ring | 
* Aegaeon

 |
| Mimas and Alkyonides | 
* **Mimas**
* Methone
* Anthe
* Pallene

 |
| Inner large  (with trojans) | 
* **Enceladus**
* **Tethys**
	+ Telesto
	+ Calypso
* **Dione**
	+ Helene
	+ Polydeuces

 |
| Outer large | 
* **Rhea**
* **Titan**
* Hyperion
* **Iapetus**

 |
| Inuit group | 
* Kiviuq
* Ijiraq
* Paaliaq
* Siarnaq
* Tarqeq

 |
| Norse group | 
* Phoebe
* Skathi
* *S/2007 S 2*(?)
* Skoll
* *S/2004 S 13*(?)
* Greip
* Hyrrokkin
* Jarnsaxa
* Mundilfari
* *S/2006 S 1*(?)
* *S/2004 S 17*(?)
* Bergelmir
* Narvi
* Suttungr
* Hati
* *S/2004 S 12*(?)
* Farbauti
* Thrymr
* Aegir
* *S/2007 S 3*(?)
* Bestla
* *S/2004 S 7*(?)
* *S/2006 S 3*
* Fenrir
* Surtur
* Kari
* Ymir
* Loge
* Fornjot

 |
| Gallic group | 
* Albiorix
* Bebhionn
* Erriapus
* Tarvos

 |
| 
* Rings of Saturn
* Cassini–Huygens
* Themis
* Chiron
* *S/2004 S 6*
* *S/2004 S 4*
* *S/2004 S 3*
* In fiction

 |
**Ace** is a popular name that has gained popularity in recent times. It is a short and meaningful name with various origins and interpretations. The Latin word "acere," meaning "to be sharp," is one of the common origins of the name Ace, which signifies excellence and success. Parents choosing this name for their child may intend to motivate them to strive for greatness. Another possible origin is the Old English word "ase," which means "unity" or "unity of purpose." This context is associated with teamwork, cooperation, and collaboration, and parents choosing this name may hope to instill a sense of community and cooperation in their child. Additionally, Ace can be a shortened version of other names, such as Aceline, which means "noble," or Acevedo, a Spanish name that translates to "one who comes from a small estate."

People
------

* Ace Andres (born 1958), American guitarist. songwriter, vocalist, and political activist
* Ace Atkins (born 1970), American crime reporter and author
* Ace Loomis (1928–2003), American National Football League player
The function of **3D television** is making a two-dimensional screen look like its picture is in three dimensions. This effect starts when we observe two shifted displays.

3D televisions with glasses
---------------------------

Basic division of 3d technologies

* stereoscopic 3D display – *requires glasses*
* Autostereoscopic 3d display – *without glasses*

3D televisions in shops and e-shops are in 90% of cases stereoscopic. Glasses are used to see the picture in three dimensionals. The glasses divide display into two components (either shifted in color or otherwise).

What 3D TV can do
-----------------

3D TV can do anything as well as 2D TV. The newest types of TV even can convert 2D into 3D but the quality is low.

Movies in 3D format are still scarce. Few people would invest their money into partially exploited machine.

Specification of three-dimensional perception
---------------------------------------------

The best 3D television images are on larger television screens.

The closer a person sits to the screen, the stronger the 3D effect. Three-dimensional image processing is also more difficult for the brain.

Because the observation of 3D space in a 3D TV is so hard, viewers should be sitting during the watching 3D TV.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir, *Portrait of Ambroise Vollard,* 1908, 82 x 65 cm, Courtauld Institute Galleries, London
**Ambroise Vollard** (3 July 1866 – 21 July 1939) was one of the most important dealers in French modern art in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. He had his portrait painted by so many artists that Picasso said "The most beautiful woman who ever lived has never had her portrait painted, drawn, or engraved any oftener than Vollard".

In most cases he bought art directly from the painters of his day. He was the first owner of Cézanne's *Vue sur l'Estaque et le Chateau d'If*. This sold at Christie's in London for £13,522,500 in February 1015.

He sold these almost unknown artists, who became world-famous. They included Paul Cézanne, Aristide Maillol, Renoir, Louis Valtat, Pablo Picasso, André Derain, Georges Rouault, Paul Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh. He was also an avid art collector and publisher.

Background
----------

After graduation, Vollard became a collector-dealer in art. In 1893, he started his own art gallery, at Rue Laffitte, then the center of the Parisian market for modern art. There Vollard put on his first major exhibition: Manet and others were followed by Gauguin and Van Gogh (4 – 30 June 1895).

Not attractive in appearance, he was a very shrewd businessman who made a fortune. In 1930 Vollard commissioned Picasso to produce a suite of 100 etchings which became known as the *Vollard Suite*.

Vollard would later write biographies of Cézanne (1914), Degas, and Renoir, as well as the charming *Recollections of a Picture Dealer* (1936). Vollard was killed in July 1939, at the age of 73, on his way to Paris, when his chauffer-driven car skidded off the road.

The fate of the collection
--------------------------

News of his death prompted this letter from one artist to another:

"Are you aware of the enormity of the estate? Discoveries everywhere, valuable things, never sold nor noted, discoveries under piles of canvases, priceless, surpassing all calculation, the heirs in incredible disorder, lawsuit after lawsuit will follow".
Vollard died without direct heirs. Much of the art was left to extended family and close friends, although a significant number of works apparently were sold, dispersed, or disappeared during World War II.

More than 80 years after his death, works from his collection were sold after agreement with the various claimants to his estate. Massive auctions were held by Sotheby's in Paris and London in June 2010.
**Altentreptow** (IPA: [altənˈtʁeːpto]) is a town in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte Rural District, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. Altentreptow is the chief town of the Treptower Tollensewinkel amt.

It is on the river Tollense, 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) north of Neubrandenburg and 45 kilometres (28.0 miles) south of Greifswald.

Name
----

The town was called Trybethowe in 1175. From 1191 it was being called Trebutowe, and Tributowe in 1245. The name Treptow was being used is 1254. In 1295 the Latin *Antiquum Treptow* was used. This means Old Treptow, or in German: *Altentreptow*

Until 1939 the city's name was *Treptow an der Tollense* (Treptow on the Tollense).

Fires
-----

The town was burned down several time in the 1500s. Later, during the Thirty Years War the Holy Roman Empire's army was forced to leave the town by the Swedish Army. Later Prussian troops returned, threw the Swedes out, and looted (robbed) the town.

The modern town
---------------

By the 18th century wars had made the town very poor. The city wall was taken down to get new land for growing food.

1869 a new city hall was built and there were cloth weavers and spinning mills as well as farmers in the city.

Later a new mill, but this was burned down ´in 1999. A railway line connected the town with Neubrandenburg and Stralsund, and a school, a bank, a hospital and a post office were opened.

1888 a dairy cooperative was started, and they opened new building in 1995.

Electricity arrived in the city in 1916. This encouraged more people to move to the city and build.

The official name of the city was *Treptow an der Tollense* until 26 January 1939.

A big residential area arose with 1049 flats was built between 1960 and 1985. In the middle of the 1960s the old primary school was changed to a home for old people and a zoo was opened in 1972.

Altentreptow was the capital of the Landkreis (administrative district) Altentreptow from 1952 to 1994.

After the German reunification the old town centre was rebuilt. A modern hospital was opened with 108 beds in 2001.

Twin town
---------

 Germany  Schleswig-Holstein Meldorf

Culture and sights
------------------

* This newly repaired historical old town with the Little Tollense River, the market place and the town gates. The half-timbered houses at Oberbaustraße 26 were built in 1663 and 1823.
* The St. Petri church was built in the 14th and 15th centuries
* Two gates from the old town wall still exist. The Brandenburg Gate and the Demminer Gate were built in 1450.
* The Fritz Reuter House. (The writer Fritz Reuter lived and worked in the town from 1850 to 1856).
* The fountain on the market. Water sprays in all directions
* The city hall of 1869 in the neo-Gothic style.
* The meadow landscape along the Tollense.
* The cloister mountain steeped in history with facilities for culture, leisure time, sports and relaxation.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Altentreptow at Wikimedia Commons
**Ali Hassan Abd al-Majid al-Tikritieh** (Arabic: علي حسن عبد المجيد التكريتي **ʿAlī Ḥasan ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Tikrītī**, 30 November 1941 – 25 January 2010) was an Iraqi minister. He was a member of the Baath Party. During his life, he was Defense Minister, Interior Minister, military commander and chief of the Iraqi Intelligence Service. He was also the governor of occupied Kuwait during the Gulf War.

He was a first cousin to the late President of Iraq Saddam Hussein. During the 1980s and 1990s, he became notorious for his role in the Iraqi government's campaigns against internal opposition forces, namely the ethnic Kurdish rebels of the north, and the Shia religious dissidents of the south. Repressive measures included deportations of the population and mass killings; al-Majid was dubbed "**Chemical Ali**" by Iraqi Kurds for his use of chemical weapons in attacks against them.

Al-Majid was captured after the 2003 invasion of Iraq and was charged with war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. He was convicted in June 2007 and was sentenced to death for crimes committed in the al-Anfal campaign of the 1980s. His appeal against the death sentence was rejected on 4 September 2007, and was sentenced to death for the fourth time on 17 January 2010. Al-Majid was executed by hanging eight days later.