recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**The United Kingdom of Israel** (Hebrew: ***מְמַלְכַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל הַמְאוּחֶדֶת***) was an ancient Israelite kingdom during the Iron Age.

It was a kingdom in which all the tribes of Israel were united under one rule in the Land of Israel, and it existed for about a hundred years, from the anointing of Saul as king until the division of the kingdom after the death of Solomon into two separate kingdoms: Israel and Judah.

Geography
---------

### Borders according to the Tanakh

According to the Tanakh, the *Kingdom of Israel* in the days of Saul stretched from the Negev to the Golan and included most of the coastal plain (except for the southern part that was in the hands of the Philistines), the cities of Judea and Samaria (with the exception of Jerusalem and Beit Shan which were only conquered during the time of David), and areas past the eastern Jordan that are in the territory of the modern Kingdom of Jordan.

In the days of David and Solomon, the influence of the *Kingdom of Israel* expanded and it included the *Kingdom of Aram Zoba* to the north and the kingdoms of Ammon, Moab and Edom to the east, some under its direct control and some as proteges. The northern border of the kingdom passed through the *city of Passover*, located on the west bank of the Euphrates River in the territory of modern Syria.
**Mecabricks** is an online tool to build, render and animate Lego in a browser using Three.js. In 2012, Nicolas Jarraud (online alias "scrubs") released the first version of Mecabricks. There have been updates with new features such as a tool to animate or the mosaic tool. Mecabricks is popular for its ability to export models directly to blender for realistic rendering and its large library of models.

Some tools the workshop has are:

* **The mosaic tool** will create pixel art from any image
* **Flex tool** to manipulate flexible objects such as string
* **The snap tool** can snap any parts into place
* **Grouping parts together**
* **Toggling the visibility**
* **Selecting by color and/or piece type**
* **Box & multi-select** to select large amounts of parts at once
* **Duplicating parts**

  
The the color of the pieces can be changed using a color palette which corresponds to the official Lego colors.  
The workshop can export and import these file formats:

Import| Name | File extension |
| --- | --- |
| Lego Digital Designer | .lxf, .lxfml |
| LDraw | .ldr, .mpd, .io |

Export| Name | File extension | Export options |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Blender add on | .zmbx | - |
| Collada | .dae | Logo on studs, Instances, Normals |
| Wavefront | .obj | Logo on studs |
| Stl | .stl | Logo on studs |

### Rendering

The Mecabricks render farm was custom built by Scrubs and allows rendering models in the browser by sending the model to the renderfarm. After rendering is complete, the image is sent to Mecabricks where it can be downloaded. The render farm can be used for free, but users are only allowed 10 free renders a day under 0.7 million pixels. With rendering comes a few objects that can be of help, such as lamps, cameras and the volumetric box. Multiple frames can be rendered for rendering animations and other features such as scratches, fingerprints and dents can make the render(s) look even more realistic.

### Animating

Animation can be done in nodes, which is a separate area from the workshop view that can be toggled on or off. Different node trees are executed when the animation plays. The node trees themselves contain nodes which can determine a piece's position, material (color) and visibility over a timespan. It is also possible to instance large amounts of pieces.  
Other settings such as frame rate and animation length can also be determined in nodes.

### Prints

Ttextures can be added to parts, which can be uploaded to free storage for these prints. These prints are then available and can be exported to blender using the blender addon. Other people can then save this print as their own if the model is public and open to workshop.

Other websites
--------------

* bricklink.com
Saint Germaine by Alexandre Falguières
**Sainte Germaine** lived from 1579 to 1601. She was born in a village in France called Pibrac, which is about ten miles from Toulouse, France.

Life
----

She was born with a disfigured hand and a disease called scrofula. When she was a baby, her mother died. Germaine's father married again, but her new stepmother was cruel to Germaine. Germaine's stepmother did not want the other children to contract scrofula, so she talked her husband into keeping Germaine away from the house. When she was very young she started to be a shepherdess. At night she slept in the stable or on vine branches in a roof space. In early ages she learned to practice humility and patience. She was not lonely because she had a gift with a sense of presence of God and other spiritual things. Her food was bread and water. She loved Jesus and the Virgin Mary. She went to church every day. When she heard the church bell ring, she put her staff on the ground and left the sheep in the care of Jesus while she was in mass. Even though the flock was near a forest filled with wolves, the sheep were never harmed. After heavy rains or the snow melted, it was hard to cross to go to church. Her only book was the Rosary, and she had great devotion to the Angelus. Several times people saw the water make a passageway for Germaine to cross without wetting her cloths. She helped the poor by sharing her bread with them. One day Germaine's father forbade her wife to treat Germaine cruelly, and gave Germaine a place in the house. Germaine begged to be allowed to keep her humbler way of life. Now, when everyone began to realize Germaine's holiness, she died. She had not awoken at her usual hour one early summer morning of 1601, so her father went to look for her. He found her dead on the vine branches. She was 22 years old. She was buried in front of the stand in the Church of Pibrac.
**Boota Singh** (Gurmukhi: ਬੂਟਾ ਸਿੰਘ; Shahmukhi: بوٹا سنگھ), sometimes spelled as **Buta Singh**, was a Sikh soldier in the British Army. He served in Burma during World War II, under the command of Lord Mountbatten. He is very well known in India and Pakistan. He is famous for his tragic love story with a Punjabi girl who he rescued from the riots during the partition of India in 1947.

Love story
----------

Both fell in love and got married. Later, she was deported (sent back) to Punjab. Boota illegally entered Punjab to find her. She stayed away from him due to pressure from her family. Because of this, he killed himself by jumping in front of a moving train near Shahdara railway station in Punjab. He did this with his daughter, but she survived.

The love story of Singh's life has been adapted to movies and books, from both India and Pakistan. A Punjabi movie *Shaheed-e-Mohabbat Boota Singh* (1999) is entirely based on the story. Ishrat Rahmani wrote a book, *Muhabbat*, based on the story. The story also influenced many other movies including *Partition*, a Hollywood movie from 2007.

Personal life
-------------

Singh lived in a village of Jalandhar district in British Punjab. When he returned home from fighting in Burma, his youth was over. All his friends were married with their own families, but he was still not married. He found no woman to marry him. Once a trader offered to sell Singh a bride from Uttar Pradesh or Bihar for rupees 2000/-. From this day onward, he started saving all his money for the dowry.

His uncle and cousins were wanting him to die unmarried, so that they could inherit his share of the family's land.

Burial
------

In his suicide note, Singh expressed his last wish to be buried in Noorpur village near Barki. This is where her parents had resettled after the Partition. The autopsy of Singh's body was done in a hospital in Lahore. It was taken to the town on 22 February 1957 for burial. However, the townsmen did not allow him to be buried there. Instead, Singh was buried at Miani Sahib Graveyard of Lahore.

In popular culture
------------------

In 1999, Manoj Punj directed a Punjabi feature movie, *Shaheed-e-Mohabbat Boota Singh*, entirely based on the life story of Boota Singh. The movie stars Gurdas Maan as Boota Singh and Divya Dutta as the Punjabi girl. The music was composed by Amar Haldipur. It was a success internationally. It won the *National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Punjabi* at the 46th National Film Awards. It was also shown at many national and international movie festivals, including the 1999 Vancouver International Film Festival and the International Film Festival of India. Ishrat Rahmani wrote a novel on the love story, titled *Muhabbat*. The story also featured in an English book, *Freedom at Midnight*, by Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre.
This article is about the Beatles song. For the Japanese song, see Tomorrow Never Knows (Japanese song)
**Tomorrow Never Knows** is a song from The Beatles's *Revolver* album, from 1966.

John Lennon wrote the song based on his readings of *The Psychedelic Experience*, which adapted the *Tibetan Book of the Dead* for use as an LSD "user's manual", intending to give users a kind of religious experience. The song's title came from his bandmate Ringo Starr, who was known for his 
quirky
 but insightful comments about life.

Lennon wanted the sound of monks 
chanting
, to complement the Beatles' recording of the song. It was not possible to do this, but Lennon's voice was played through a special speaker (called a Leslie speaker), to give it a 
warbling
 sound, like a voice calling from a hilltop. Other sounds on the record came from tape loops, playing over and over, and from a sitar.

The song has also been recorded by other artists. A dance cover version appeared in the 1990s.

Sources
-------

1. ↑  "Show 39 - The Rubberization of Soul: The great pop music renaissance. [Part 5]". *UNT Digital Library*.

| * v
* t
* e
*Revolver* |
| --- |
| Songs | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Side one | 
* "Taxman"
* "Eleanor Rigby"
* "I'm Only Sleeping"
* "Love You To"
* "Here, There and Everywhere"
* "Yellow Submarine"
* "She Said She Said"

 |
| Side two | 
* "Good Day Sunshine"
* "And Your Bird Can Sing"
* "For No One"
* "Doctor Robert"
* "I Want to Tell You"
* "Got to Get You into My Life"
* "Tomorrow Never Knows"

 |

 |
| Non-album single | 
* "Paperback Writer"
* "Rain"

 |
| Related articles | 
* *Yesterday and Today*
* More popular than Jesus
* The Beatles' 1966 tour of Germany, Japan and the Philippines
* The Beatles' 1966 US tour
* The Beatles discography

 |
| 
* *Please Please Me*
* *With the Beatles*
* *A Hard Day's Night*
* *Beatles for Sale*
* *Help!*
* *Rubber Soul*
* *Revolver*
* *Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band*
* *Magical Mystery Tour*
* *The Beatles* (White Album)
* *Yellow Submarine*
* *Abbey Road*
* *Let It Be*
* *Past Masters*

 |
The countries that were infected in the first few hours of the attack.
**WannaCry ransomware attack** was a worm that infected many Windows computers around the world on May 2017. The worm had spread malware that encrypted the user's computer data (i.e. scrambled the user's computer data into meaningless information) and demanded affected users to pay $300 Bitcoin within 3 days or $600 Bitcoin within 7 days before all of the affected computer's data is destroyed. The malware had cost the world millions to billions of dollars to fix their servers and computers.

Background
----------

The WannaCry ransomware attack started in May 14th 2017. After the WannaCry ransomware attack started, companies and universities around the world have researched ways to eliminate spread of the malware. After four days, the malware did not spread any further, and it was now easy to eliminate the malware.

The person who started the ransomware attack was Park Jin-hyok, who is a computer hacker in North Korea. On September 6, 2018, the US Department of Justice charged Park Jin-hyok for helping make the program for the WannaCry ransomware, as well as being responsible for the Sony Pictures hack of 2014.

John C. Demers, the head of the Justice Department’s National Security Division, said in a statement:

"These charges will send a message that we will track down malicious actors no matter how or where they hide".
Mr. Park, who also went by the alias Pak Jin Hek, is unlikely to see the inside of an American courtroom. The United States has no direct, formal relations with North Korea and did not communicate with its reclusive government ahead of the charges.
**B major** is a major scale based on B. Its key signature has five sharps.

B major's relative minor is G-sharp minor, its parallel minor is B minor, and its enharmonic equivalent is C-flat major.

The key signature for B major is the least sharp key signature with three "lines" of sharps. In the treble clef, putting the sharp for A where it looks like it should be, next to the sharp for G, would mean that a ledger line would have to be used. In the bass clef it would be possible to do this without a ledger line, but because sight reading is easier when both staves look the same, it is not usually done in piano music. In the alto clef, used in orchestral music, the B major key signature is usually written in just two "lines" of sharps.

Although B major is usually thought of as a "far away" key because it has many sharps and is quite far from C major in the circle of fifths, Frédéric Chopin thought that it was the easiest scale of all to play, as its black notes fit the natural positions of the fingers well. Because of this, it was often the first scale he taught to beginning piano students, leaving the scale of C major till last because he thought it was the hardest to play.

While B major is not too difficult to play on keyboard instruments and guitar, the key of C-flat major is easier when writing music for the harp, as it is that instrument's home key.

 Ascending and descending **B-major** scale.

| * v
* t
* e
Diatonic Scales and Keys |
| --- |
| Circle of fifthsCircle of fifths | 

|  | Flats | Sharps |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Major | minor | Major | minor |
| 0 | **C**, **a** |
| 1 | **F** | **d** | **G** | **e** |
| 2 | **B♭** | **g** | **D** | **b** |
| 3 | **E♭** | **c** | **A** | **f♯** |
| 4 | **A♭** | **f** | **E** | **c♯** |
| 5 | **D♭** | **b♭** | **B** | **g♯** |
| 6 | **G♭** | **e♭** | **F♯** | **d♯** |
| 7 | **C♭** | **a♭** | **C♯** | **a♯** |
| 8 | **F♭** | **d♭** | **G♯** | **e♯** |

 |
| The table shows the number of sharps or flats in each scale. Minor scales are written in lower case. |


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***B major***.
A backgammon board, with pieces and dice
**Backgammon** is a game played by two players. Each player moves pieces around a board. Players roll two dice to find out how far their pieces can move in one turn. The winner of one game is the first to get all pieces all the way around, and off, the board.

The game is laid-out asymmetrically. White's direction of travel is counter-clockwise, whereas black's direction of travel is clockwise. (There is no advantage to either side due to this asymmetry.)

White moves from white's far right to white's home area on white's close right, in the shape of a right-hand "C" from white's point of view. Black moves along the same "C", beginning from black's far left and ending at black's home area on black's close left. (The "C" is the same for both sides - the "C" points to the right for white and points to the left for black.)

As shown in the image, some pieces (for each side) begin already in the home quadrant, and some pieces must make their way all the way around. Pieces can be sent backwards to their starting position during play.

The roll of two dice introduces a random component in the game, but Backgammon is basically a game of strategy. 

Usual playing time is around 15– 30 minutes, for a single game (which could be thought of as something like one particular long "hand" of a card game). An overall championship or round of backgammon involves a number of ongoing single games, with the involvement of points, a "doubling cube," and other complications.

The game has a long history. Games that resemble it have been played for thousands of years. Archaeologists doing excavations at a place called *Burnt City* in modern-day Iran have found parts of a game that resembled backgammon. They have found 60 pieces to play with, and two dice. They could show that the game utensils date from around 3000 BC. These pieces around 100–200 years older than another set, found in Ur, in Mesopotamia.

Other websites
--------------

* Archived 2014-02-08 at the Wayback Machine (in French)
**Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)** (also called **Slave dynasty** or Gulham dynasty) was a dynasty established in Northern India by Qutb ud-Din Aibak. He was a turkic slave of Muhammad of Ghor. The Mamluk dynasty ruled North India from 1206 to 1290. It was the first of five dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate, which lasted until 1526.
It is also known as yamini dynasty

History
-------

The Mamluk, literally meaning *owned*, was a soldier of slave origin (came from a slave background) who had converted to Islam. In the 9th century the Mamluks became a powerful military caste in Muslim societies. Mamluks held political and military power most notably in Egypt, but also in Levant, Iraq, and India.

In 1206, Muhammad of Ghor, Sultan of the Ghurid dynasty was assassinated. Since he had no children, his empire split into minor sultanates led by his former mamluk generals. 

Taj-ud-Din Yildoz became the ruler of Ghazni. Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji got Bengal. Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha became the sultan of Multan. Qutb ud-Din Aibak became the sultan of Delhi, and that was the beginning of the Slave dynasty. However, his reign as the Sultan of Delhi was short lived as he died in 1210. His son Aram Shah came to the throne, only to be assassinated by Iltutmish in 1211.

The Sultanate under Iltutmish established friendly contacts with the Abbasid Caliphate between 1228–29. He had managed to keep India unaffected by the invasions of Genghis Khan and his successors.Following the death of Iltutmish in 1236, a series of weak rulers remained in power. The throne shifted from Rukn ud din Firuz to Razia Sultana until Ghiyas ud din Balban, the last powerful ruler of this dynasty. The Khalji dynasty was established, when Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji overthrew the last of the Slave dynasty rulers, Muiz ud din Qaiqabad, the great grandson of Balban.

Sultans
-------

* Qutb ud-Din Aibak
* Aram Shah
* Shams-ud-din Iltutmish
* Rukn ud din Feroze
* Razia Sultan
* Muiz-ud-din Bahram
* Ala-din Masud
* Nasir-ud-din Mahmmuad
* Ghiyath-ud-din Balban
* Muiz-ud-din Muhammad Qaiqabad

Further reading
---------------

* Srivastava, A. L. (1967). *The History of India, 1000-1707 A.D.*. Shiva Lal Agarwala.

Other websites
--------------

* Encyclopædia Britannica (Online Edition) – Delhi sultanate
Sayyid dynasty was the fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. This dynasty is the shortest ruling dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. Throughout this dynasty, four rulers ruled North India. Their rule lasted from 1414 to 1451.Founded by a former governor of Multan. This dynasty succeeded the Tughlaq dynasty. They were displaced or succeeded by the Lodi dynasty.

History
-------

Following the 1398 Delhi invasion of Amir Timur, he appointed the Sayyids as the governors of Delhi. This dynasty was established by Sayyid Khizr Khan. He was appointed by Timur to be the governor of Multan (Punjab). Khizr Khan captured Delhi from Daulat Khan Lodi on May 28, 1414. By this way he established (formed) the Sayyid dynasty.
Khizr Khan was succeeded by his son Sayyid Mubarak Shah. He succeeded after his father's death on May 20, 1421. Mubarak Shah referred to himself as *Muizz-ud-Din Mubarak Shah* on his coins. After the death of Mubarak Shah, his nephew, Muhammad Shah ascended (came to throne) the throne. His son Sayyid Ala-ud-Din Shah succeeded him as the king.Alam Shah was a weak ruler. In 1451 he surrendered Delhi to Bahlul Lodi. He went to Budaun where he spent rest of his life.

Other websites
--------------

* Encyclopædia Britannica - Sayyid Dynasty
* Coin Gallery - Sayyid Dynasty
**Uzoechi Osisioma "Uzo" Emenike** (born 9 November 1994), better known by his stage name **MNEK**, is a British singer, songwriter, and record producer. He has been nominated for a Grammy and a Brit Award. He received the ASCAP Vanguard Award. His writing and productions credits include Madonna, Jax Jones, Dua Lipa, KSI, Zara Larsson, Christina Aguilera, and many others.

Career
------

His stage name is a gramogram of his surname, Emenike.

In an interview with Build LDN, he told how he was introduced into the music industry. He did not know what a music producer was. He states that he wrote poems in his childhood. He also stated that he also started to produce music around the same time. At the age of 14, he set up a MySpace account to post his works. He was a fan of CocknBullKid. CocknBullKid then later on helped him become a publisher.

In the early 2010s, he helped produce music for others. He was also featured on a few albums by other artists.

On March 2015, he created his first debut EP, Small Talk (EP). During the same year, he helped Swedish DJ Zara Larsson work on releasing her song Never Forget You.

Because of the success of Never Forget You, he went to work with other musical artists. This began with working on Beyoncé's 2016 song "Hold Up". After that, he worked with Jax Jones, Shift K3Y, and many others.

In 2016-2017, he released his first solo singles.

In 2019, he worked with LGBT musical artists. It was to make a safe place to work in.

In 2020, he made the song Head & Heart with Joel Corry. That song was sucessful. It is because it peaked at number one on the Official UK Charts.

In 2021, he appeared as a guest vocal coach for RuPaul's Drag Race UK.

Discography
-----------

* Language (2018)

Personal life
-------------

Emenike came out as gay when he was 19. He wrote with other LGBT artists. An example is Rina Sawayama. He wants to reach out to young adults who are questioning their sexual orientation.
Not to be confused with Ynys Môn (UK Parliament constituency).

**Ynys Môn**, formerly called **Anglesey** in English, is a Senedd constituency in the electoral region of North Wales.

Election results
----------------

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|-
| **Majority**
| 10,206
| 35.4
| -2.4
|-

|-
| **Turnout**
| 27,734
| 
| 
|-

|-
|
| Plaid Cymru **hold**
! Swing
| 
|
|-

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This article is about the concept in Hinduism. For the 2009 film, see Avatar (2009 movie). For other uses, see Avatar (disambiguation).
Avatars of Vishnu
**Avatar**, a word in Hinduism, is a deity which comes down to earth in a human form, an animal form or a partly human and partly animal form. Rama was an avatar of Vishnu, one of the three main gods of the Hindus. Similarly, Buddha was also an avatar. Both of these avatars had human form, but avatars of the Hindu mythology have also appeared in animal form. For example, Matsya had the form of a fish and Varaha had the form of a boar.

The word is usually translated into English as "incarnation", but better as "appearance" or "manifestation". This is the sense in which the word 'avatar' is used in various media today.

According to Hindu mythology, the important avatars of god Vishnu are named below:

* Matsya
* Kurma
* Varaha
* Narasimha
* Vamana
* Parashurama
* Rama
* Balarama
* Krishna
* Buddha
* Kalki

Several Hindu scriptures have details and stories about Vishnu's avatars. These texts also tell that Vishnu will appear again the Kalki avatar. The following stories are of the avatars that appeared in animal forms or partly animal and partly human forms.

Matsya is the first avatar of Vishnu, in the form of a big fish. Sometimes, it is said that he took the form of a half-man and half-fish. There is a story about this in Hindu mythology. The story tells about a very wicked demon (an *asura*) who snatched the Vedas, the holy books of the Hindus, and went deep inside the sea. At this point, Vishnu came as the Matsya (fish) avatar, who went deep into the sea and brought back the Vedas. He gave the Vedas to Manu. The Hindu scriptures say that Manu was the first man in the world. He may also be compared with Noah.

Kurma is the second avatar of Vishnu, in the form of a tortoise. Kurma is a word in the Sanskrit language that means a tortoise. This avatar of Vishnu is a symbol of strength and stability.

Varaha was the third avatar of Vishnu, in the form of a black boar. Varaha is a word in the Sanskrit language that means a boar. The Hindu scriptures tell a story about this avatar. There was a demon (a *daitya*) named Hiranyaksha. He threw the earth (called prithivi by the Hindus) into the waters of the ocean. The earth was about to sink in the ocean. At this point, Vishnu took the form of a black boar, entered the water and carried the earth on its body. Thus Vishnu, as Varaha, saved the earth from destruction.

Narashimha was the fourth avatar of Vishnu, in the form of a man with the head of a lion. This avatar of Vishnu is also a symbol of great strength.

All other avatars of Vishnu after Narashimha avatar were in the form of human beings.

Although the avatars of Vishnu are the most important in the Hindu mythology, there are stories about avatars of other deities, like Shiva, Ganesha and Devi.

Avatar is next birth of God in Hinduism.

Related pages
-------------

* Sugata Bhuddha
* Puranass
*
**Microsoft Office 2003** (codenamed **Office 11**) is an office suite made by Microsoft for its Windows operating system.

Release
-------

Office 2003 was released to manufacturing on August 19, 2003 and was later to retail on October 21, 2003, exactly two years later after the release of Windows XP, it was successor to Office XP and predecessor to Office 2007. Mainstream support of Office 2003 ended on April 14, 2009, extended support ended on April 8, 2014, the same day as mainstream support and extended support of Windows XP.

Compatibility
-------------

Office 2003 is incompatible with Windows NT 4.0, Windows 98, Windows ME and was compatible with Windows 2000 SP3, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 and no longer supported with Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012.

Service packs
-------------

### Service Pack 1

Microsoft Office 2003 Service Pack 1 was release on July 27, 2004, this Service Pack has updates to fix bug issue of Microsoft Office 2003, the new features is *Cached Exchange* on Microsoft Word 2003.

### Service Pack 2

Microsoft Office 2003 Service Pack 2 was release on September 27, 2005.

### Service Pack 3

Microsoft Office 2003 Service Pack 3 was release on September 17, 2007.

Support lifecycles
------------------

In April 2009, Microsoft will be ended support of Office 2003 because was no longer supported after release in 2003. Mainstream support of Office 2003 was ended on April 14, 2009 and extended support ended on April 8, 2014, the same day as mainstream support and extended support of Windows XP. In August 2015, Microsoft announced that Office 2003 will not supported on Windows 8.1 and Windows 10.

Related pages
-------------

* Microsoft Office 2007
* Microsoft Office
* Microsoft Office 2010
The roof of this building is made of asbestos
A piece of Asbestos
Fibers of Anthophyllite are what makes asbestos dangerous. This image was taken with an electron microscope
    
**Asbestos Pills** are a set of six silicate minerals which occur naturally. White asbestos makes up 95% of the asbestos found in buildings. It occurs in all parts of the world. It is fibrous, heat resistant and non flammable. These properties made it very attractive as a component in building materials and other products such as insulation and automobile brake pads. People have used asbestos throughout history. Ancient Egyptian people used asbestos. Asbestos is extremely dangerous for human health, as it can cause lung diseases such as asbestosis, emphysema and mesothelioma if the fibres get loose in the air. It can also harm animals such as livestock or pets.

Asbestos was linked to lung cancer in the early 1970s, and was replaced by other materials in most applications by 1980.

Types of asbestos
-----------------

There are six types of asbestos:

* Chrysotile (white asbestos)
* Crocidolite (blue asbestos)
* Amosite (brown asbestos)
* Anthophyllite asbestos
* Tremolite asbestos
* Actinolite asbestos

Substitutes
-----------

* Fiberglass - This is the most popular substitute. Fiberglass is physically similar to asbestos and its safety is also being questioned. Fiberglass has been called "man-made asbestos".
* Carbon fiber - Lighter weight than fiberglass or asbestos, but not heat resistant
* Wood fiber mixed with cement (in non-heat applications)
* Various polymer and plastic fibers
* Asbestos rope can be replaced with synthetic or fiberglass rope.
* Vermiculite insulation is a common substitute, although vermiculite itself can be contaminated with asbestos
* Basalt fiber is a mineral fiber with properties similar to asbestos. It is suitable for high-heat applications.
* Mineral wool is a common substitute that is popular in Europe
* Silica aerogel is the best insulator available. It is non-fibrous and is not believed to cause cancer if inhaled into the lungs.

Lawsuits
--------

Many companies that use or used to use asbestos have been sued by current or former employees who got sick with mesothelioma or asbestosis. Many lawyers specialize in asbestos-related lawsuits.

Other websites
--------------

* Cancer Resource Center Archived 2007-10-24 at the Wayback Machine
* Asbestos Institute
**Yelena Belova** (Russian: Еле́на Бело́ва) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She is depicted as a spy and was the second modern-era character to use the **Black Widow** name. Originally created by Devin Grayson and J.G. Jones for *Marvel Knights: Wave 2 Sketchbook* #1 (January 1998), Belova made her first appearance in *Inhumans* vol. 2 #5 (January 1999) by Paul Jenkins and Jae Lee. She was trained as a spy and assassin in the Red Room. Originally, Yelena was a foe of Natasha Romanova and was sent to kill her, but the two later became allies. She was also a member of S.H.I.E.L.D. Vanguard, and HYDRA; the latter organization changed her into a version of **Super-Adaptoid**. As Super-Adaptoid, she was one of the members of the High Council of A.I.M. After being freed from her Super-Adaptoid identity, Belova reverted back to her old Black Widow identity before adopting the codename **White Widow**.

Florence Pugh portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movie *Black Widow*, the miniseries *Hawkeye* (both 2021), and the upcoming movie *Thunderbolts* (2024).
A thresher shark. This one is called the pelagic thresher.
**Thresher sharks**, also known as simply **threshers**, are large mackerel sharks of the family **Alopiidae** and the genus ***Alopias***.
They are distinguished by their long tails and unique hunting behaviors. Thresher sharks are known for their exceptional agility and speed, essential attributes for navigating expansive open waters.

They grow up to 20 feet long. Males sexually mature when they're 8 to 11 feet long and 3 to 6 years old. Females are able to reproduce when they're 8 to 9 feet long and 4 to 5 years of age.

Thresher sharks are ovoviviparous. Embryos develop inside eggs within the mother's body, ultimately giving birth to live young.

Despite being active predatory fish, these fishes do not attack humans.

Species
-------

There are currently 16 species. A fourth species of thresher was revealed during the course of a 1995 allozyme analysis by Blaise Eitner. It is apparently found in the eastern Pacific off Baja California, making it 17 species. However, it's known from muscle samples from one specimen.

* *Alopias pelagicus* H. Nakamura, 1935 (pelagic thresher)
* *Alopias superciliosus* R. T. Lowe, 1841 (bigeye thresher)
* *Alopias vulpinus* Bonnaterre, 1788 (common thresher)
* †*Alopias acutidens* Casier, 1958
* †*Alopias alabamensis* White, 1956
* †*Alopias carolinensis* White, 1956
* †*Alopias crochardi* Ward, 1978
* †*Alopias denticulatus* Cappetta, 1981
* †*Alopias exigua* Probst, 1879
* †*Alopias hassei* Noetling, 1885
* †*Alopias hermani* Kozlov, 1999
* †*Alopias latidens* Leriche, 1909
* †*Alopias leeensis* Ward, 1978
* †*Alopias grandis* Leriche, 1942 (giant thresher)
* †*Alopias palatasi* Kent & Ward, 2018 (serrated giant thresher)
* †*Alopias subexigua* Dartevelle & Casier, 1959

Description
-----------

Pelagic thresher (*A. pelagicus*) jumping in Costa Rica
Thresher sharks have a short head and a cone-shaped nose. Their mouths are generally small. They have a long, scythe-like heterocercal tail.

They are slender, with small dorsal fins and large, recurved pectoral fins.

Diet and behavior
-----------------

### Diet

They mainly eat bluefish, juvenile tuna and mackerel. Crustaceans and seabirds are also eaten by them. They stun their prey by using their unique, elongated tail as a weapon.

### Behavior

The thresher shark is an animal that keeps to itself. It is known that thresher populations of the Indian Ocean are separated by depth and space according to sex.

Related pages
-------------

* Alopias grandis
* List of fish common names

Further reading
---------------

* "Alopias". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 4 May 2006.

Other websites
--------------

* Thresher shark on English Wikipedia
* Thresher shark video by Oceana on YouTube
There are four **boundary commission**s in the United Kingdom, one each for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. They are are non-departmental public bodies. Their job is to decide the boundaries of constituencies for elections to the House of Commons. 

The Speaker of the House of Commons is officially chair of each of them. The Speaker does not play any part in the reviews. A High Court judge is appointed to each boundary commission as deputy chair.

The commissions report to parliament every eight years. 

The rules they follow are set out in the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986, as amended by the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020. There are 650 constituencies. 

Local authority areas and electoral areas are reviewed by the separate but similarly named:

* Local Government Boundary Commission for England
* Boundaries Scotland
* Local Government Boundary Commission for Northern Ireland
* Local Democracy and Boundary Commission for Wales

1. ↑  Clift-Matthews, Michelle (7 January 2015). "UK parliamentary constituencies". *Office for National Statistics*. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, eastern pond.
**Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge** is a nature area in New York City looked after by the National Park Service. It includes the open water and marshes of Jamaica Bay in Brooklyn and Queens. The refuge has islands in Jamaica Bay, near John F. Kennedy International Airport. The airport was built over part of the wetlands in the bay, causing environmental changes with airplane noise. However, the refuge has many different habitats like salt marshes, dunes, ponds, woodlands, and fields.

Jamaica Bay Wildlife refuge is special as the only "wildlife refuge" in the National Park System. It was first started by New York City and later handed over to Gateway National Recreation Area. The refuge has paths around the East and West Pond, although the latter was affected by Hurricane Sandy in 2012.

History
-------

Map of the Jamaica bay Wildlife refuge.
In 1938, Robert Moses, the commissioner of the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation (NYC Parks), started plans for a wildlife refuge around Jamaica Bay. His goal was to prevent industrial development in the area. By 1941, Moses thought about converting Jamaica Bay into an 18,000-acre recreation center, seeking control from NYC Parks in 1945 to create a haven for wildlife and water activities. After about twelve years of planning, Moses started construction in 1950. About 84,000 workers helped develop the park.

Birdwatching in Jamaica bay Wildlife refuge in 1973.
Moses is credited with introducing the idea of freshwater ponds alongside the saltwater marshes, attracting diverse wildlife. The first phase of the project was completed in 1953, and Herbert Johnson became the refuge's first superintendent. The site quickly became a sanctuary for birds, with 208 species identified in the first five years. Notable species, like black skimmers and snowy egrets, returned to the area after several decades. During the early years, diverse wildlife, including black bears, coyotes, elk, and wolves, could be found in the park. Birdwatchers began visiting in the late 1950s.

Manhattan skyline from Jamaica bay Wildlife refuge.
In 1972, control of the site transferred to the National Park Service, which now manages the refuge as part of the Gateway National Recreation Area.

Wildlife
--------

Snowy egret at Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge.
The refuge is a home to many plants and animals, both in the water and on land. It's a great place for bird watching in New York City, with various resident and migratory birds. Ospreys, once endangered by the pesticide DDT, have been nesting regularly in the refuge since 1991. Scientists capture, tag, and study them to learn more about their behaviors. Small mammals like eastern gray squirrels and raccoons also inhabit the area. However, the growing raccoon population has been causing issues by eating diamondback terrapin eggs shortly after they are laid.
Victoria Wien (1910)
The **Athletiksport Club Viktoria Wien** was an Austrian athletics and football club from the capital Vienna. The Viktoria football section was one of the founding members of the first official Austrian championship in 1911.

History
-------

Viktoria Vienna was founded in 1898. A few years after its founding, the club changed the Latin/English form of the name Victoria with a "c" for the German form with a "k" in its name.

The club's greatest success was reaching the final of the Challenge Cup in the 1898/99 season. The final game against First Vienna FC on March 5, 1899 was clearly lost 4-1. In the 1901/02 season, the club played in the second class of the championship announced by the Austrian Football Union, but only finished fourth and last.

In the years that followed, a good team grew up in the club and Viktoria was accepted into the first class by the ÖFV for the first compulsory championship in 1906/07, which was later canceled and declared unofficial. Due to its playing strength, Viktoria was able to stay in this class until the official championship was introduced in 1911/12.

In the first season of the Austrian championship, the club ran into financial difficulties. After four rounds of the championship had been completed, Viktoria was no longer able to play. On 24 November 1911, it joined the traditional Vienna Cricket and Football Club. Despite the merger of the two clubs, the Cricketers achieved no wins and only two draws and finished eleventh and last in the table at the end of the season.
**Kurt Welzl** ( 6 November 1954 in Vienna ) is a former Austrian football player. He played mainly for SSW Innsbruck. He also played for the Austrian national football team

Career
------

He played as forward. He started his career with Wiener Sport-Club. Then he went to SSW Innsbruck. From 1974 to 1979 he won two championships and the ÖFB Cup twice. He then moved abroad. With AZ Alkmaar he suffered a broken leg in a build-up game against Beveren at the beginning of August 1979. He won the Dutch championship and cup in 1981. He missed the top scorer's crown by just two goals. With the team he played in the UEFA Cup final. This was followed by two years at FC Valencia, a year at KAA Gent and half a season at Olympiakos Piraeus before he returned to SSW Innsbruck in the winter of 1984/85. Kurt Welzl spent the end of his career in Austria for FC Swarovski Tirol, the Grazer AK in the Bundesliga and in the 1987/88 season in the 2nd division with SV Spittal/Drau.

International
-------------

Kurt Welzl played 22 matches for the Austrian national team and scored ten goals. He debuted on 16 March 1975 versus Luxemburg. His last match was on 1 July 1982 versus Northern Ireland. In the 4-3 victory over England on 13 June 1979 he scored two goals on his return after a three-year break from the team. He also traveled with Austria to the 1982 World Cup in Spain.

| * v
* t
* e
Austria squad – 1982 FIFA World Cup |
| --- |
| 
* 1 Koncilia
* 2 Krauss
* 3 Obermayer
* 4 Degeorgi
* 5 Pezzey
* 6 Hattenberger
* 7 Schachner
* 8 Prohaska
* 9 Krankl
* 10 Hintermaier
* 11 Jara
* 12 Pichler
* 13 Hagmayr
* 14 Baumeister
* 15 Dihanich
* 16 Messlender
* 17 Pregesbauer
* 18 Jurtin
* 19 Weber
* 20 Welzl
* 21 Feurer
* 22 Lindenberger
* Coach: Latzke & Schmidt

 | Austria |
View of the grand iwan and the dome.
**Shah Mosque** (Persian: ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺷﺎﻩ , Masjed-e Shāh) is a mosque in Isfahan (Isfahan), Iran. It is on the south side of Naghsh-i Jahan Square. It has been renamed to **Imam Mosque** after the Islamic Revolution.

Built during the Safavids period, it is an excellent example of the Islamic architecture of Iran. Many people see it as the masterpiece of Persian Architecture. The Imam Mosque of Isfahan is one of the everlasting masterpieces of architecture in Iran and all over the world. It is registered along with the Naghsh-i Jahan Square as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its construction began in 1611. Its splendor is mainly due to the beauty of its seven-color mosaic tiles and calligraphic inscriptions.

Measurements
------------

The port of the mosque measures 27 meters high. There are two minarets 42 meters tall on top of it.
The Mosque it is surrounded with four iwans and arcades. All the walls are ornamented with seven-color mosaic tile. The most magnificent iwan of the mosque is the one facing the Qibla. It is 33 meters high. Behind it is a space which is roofed with the largest dome in the city at 52 meters height. The dome is double layered.

There are two seminaries at the southwest and southeast sections of the mosque.

Architects
----------

Shah Mosque from Ali Qapu Palace
The architects of the mosque are reported to be the following masters:

* Ustad Ali Akbar Isfahani
* Ustad Fereydun Naini
* Ustad Shoja' Isfahani

The mosque is one of the treasures featured on *Around the World in 80 Treasures* presented by the architecture historian Dan Cruickshank.

Related pages
-------------

* Sultan Ahmed Mosque

Other websites
--------------

* Google Maps Satellite view
This list is not complete. You can help by adding to it.
The dragons play a significant role in the legendary accounts of Meitei folklore, Meitei literature, Meitei mythology and Meitei religion (Sanamahism) of Ancient Kangleipak (Ancient Manipur), Medieval Kangleipak (Medieval Manipur) and Modern Kangleipak (Modern Manipur).

The supernatural Hiyang Hirens, shown in a tableau of Manipur state, in a parade in New Delhi.

List
----

### Hiyang Hiren

See the main article: Hiyang Hiren
A supernatural Hiyang Hiren
The Hiyang Hiren, also spelt as Hiyang Hilen, is said to be a well furnished race boat. This is often built in the shape of a dragon. Many legends say that it possesses spiritual powers.

### Nongshaba

See the main article: Nongshaba

Nongshaba, the dragon lion, is also known as Kanglasha, the dragon of the Kangla, the city of Ancient Manipur. He is a child of Atingkok, the Supreme Being. Unlike his siblings, he always remains in the form of the mythical beast rather than that of a God (human figure).

### Pakhangba

See the main article: Pakhangba

Pakhangba is the youngest son of Leimarel Sidabi, the supreme mother earth goddess. He was given the throne of the universe to protect and rule the world by Atingkok, his father. He could change himself into both a serpentine dragon as well as a human. Several legends revolve around his identity as an ancient historical figure.

### Poubi Lai

See the main article: Poubi Lai

Poubi Lai is the tyrant dragon serpent of the primitive Loktak lake. It is one of the popular figures in Meitei folklore and mythology. There are many stories about this huge dragon, who once gained its fame through its notorious nature.

### Taoroinai

See the main article: Taoroinai

Taoroinai, also spelled as Taoloinai, is a mythical dragon serpent, who lives in the cosmic ocean. It is known for bringing down the divine celestial egg (nonglum) down to earth.

Gallery
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* File:IBUDHOU PAKHANG LAISENG AT KAKCHING GARDEN.jpg
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Related pages
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* Symbols of Sanamahism
* List of figures in Meitei mythology
* Meitei folklore
A large radar antenna
**Radar** is a machine that uses radio waves for echolocation to find objects such as aircraft, ships, and rain. 

The basic parts of a radar are:

* The transmitter creates the radio waves.
* The antenna directs the radio waves.
* The receiver measures the waves which are bounced back by the object.

By doing this, the radar can locate the object. Radar is used in many different ways. It can measure the speed and number of cars on a road, the amount of water in the air, and many other things. 

The radar transmitter sends radio pulses. By controlling how often the rapid pulses of radar energy are sent out by a radar transmitter (called the transmitter's "pulse repetition rate"), and how long it takes for the reflected pulse energy to come back to the radar receiver, one can tell where objects are, and how far away. Digital circuits in a radar receiver calculate the distance to an object by knowing the time interval between energy pulses. The radar receiver's digital circuits count how long it takes between pulses for an object's reflected energy to be detected by the radar receiver. Since radar pulses are sent and received at approximately the speed of light, the distance to an object can easily be calculated. This is done in digital circuits by multiplying the speed of light by the time it takes to receive the radar energy reflected back from an object.

The time between pulses influences how far away an object can be detected. That distance is called the "range" of a radar transmitter and receiver. Radar transmitters and receivers use slow repetition frequencies to find the distance to objects that are far away. This makes it possible to accurately determine the distance to the moon, for example. Fast repetition is used to detect objects that are much closer, like ships at sea, high flying aircraft, or to determine the speed of fast moving automobiles on highways.

Radar was first used in 1904 by Christian Hülsmeyer. He was given a patent for radar (Reichspatent Nr. 165546). Radar was vital in the Battle of Britain and other parts of World War II. The Axis countries failed to keep up with British and American radar technology during the war.

The word *RADAR* was created in 1942 as an acronym for **Ra**dio **D**etection **a**nd **R**anging. This acronym replaced the British initialism *RDF* (*Radio Direction Finding*). The word is now thought of by many people as a regular word, no longer as an acronym. 

The FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) use several kinds of radar:

* ARSR (Air Route Surveillance Radar)
* ASR (Airport Surveillance Radar)
* ASDE (Airport Surface Detection Equipment)
* TDWR (Terminal Doppler Weather Radar)
* PAR (Precision Approach Radar)

Other pages
-----------

* Sonar

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Radar***.

* Radar Technology Website

* A collection of educational videos

* Applications of radar