recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Krishnachandra Roy** (Bengali: রাজা কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র রায়, 1710-1783) was the king of Nadia. His role in the history of Bengali literature, Bengali culture and Bengali Hindu society is unforgettable. Nadia is considered as the best man of the royal family. He was a scholar, educated in Sanskrit and Persian, and a musician. Krishnachandra, an intensely conservative king, was the patron of the proverbial geniuses of Bengal, such as Ramprasad Sen of Shaktapadavali, Bharat Chandra Raigunakar, the author of the Annadamangal poem, and the humorous Gopal Bhar. Annadamangal Kavya was composed in his royal court. The world famous pottery of Krishnanagar was started on his initiative.

Krishnachandra Roy was a man of strategy. When Nawab Sirajuddaula clashed with the British, he sided with the British. He was captured during the reign of the next Nawab Mir Qasim. He was released due to the intervention of the English. The Company Government conferred the title of Maharaja on him for his loyalty.

Significant achievement
-----------------------

His achievement is the worship of Jagadhatri in Bengal and the introduction of Shaktras in Navadvipa. According to legend, Krishnachandra was imprisoned in 1754 for failing to pay taxes to Nawab Alivardi Khan of Bengal. The time was near Durgotsab. When the fort festival was almost over when he was finally released from the Nawab's prison, on his way back to Krishnanagar, the king realized that it was Vijaya Dashami. The king fell asleep in the boat and there he saw in a dream that a purple quadrilateral virgin goddess was telling him to worship her on the Shuklanabami date of the next month of Kartik. As a result, Jagadhatri Puja was introduced. The following year, Jagadhatri Puja was introduced in Chandannagar by his friend Indranarayan Chowdhury. Also, Maharaja Krishnachandra initiated the worship of the idol of Malopara Baroari Jagadhatri (Mother Jaleshwari).
Waltari in 1935.
**Mika Toimi Waltari** (audio speaker iconpronunciation (help·info)) (19 September 1908 – 26 August 1979) was a Finnish writer. He is best known for his best-selling novel *The Egyptian* (Finnish: *Sinuhe egyptiläinen*). His career lasted over 40 years. He wrote at least 29 novels, 15 novellas, 6 collections of stories or fairy tales, 6 collections of poetry and 26 plays. Waltari wrote screenplays, radio plays, non-fiction, translations, and hundreds of reviews and articles. He is also internationally the best-known Finnish writer. His works have been translated into more than 30 languages.

Career
------

Waltari graduated from the University of Helsinki. He first studied theology, then history and languages. His career as writer started with religious poems and horror short stories. His first novel *Suuri illusioni* ('The Great Illusion') was his fifth work and a big success. It has been compared to the famous works of the 1920s by Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald.

Waltari's chief work, which made him internationally famous, was published after World War II. This was the large novel *Sinuhe Egyptiläinen* (UK title: Sinuhe the Egyptian; US title: The Egyptian). The story is placed in ancient Egypt. Waltari knew a lot about life there. Between the lines one can read a story about Christianity and history. The book contains comparison of idealism and realism but it does not tell which of them wins. It became popular also as a Hollywood movie. In later life he worked as a member of the Academy of Finland. He never finished his last novel on the Knights of Malta due to illness. First awarded in 1979, the Mika Waltari Award is named in his honor.
Dry earth as a result of a drought in the Sonoran Desert, Mexico
**Drought** is a continuous period of dry weather, when an area gets less than its normal amount of rain, over months or even years. Crops and other plants need water to grow, and animals need it to live. Droughts can become dangerous to people and other land animals; causing famine and even creating deserts.

The word "drought" comes from the Old English drugað, drugoð "drought, dryness, desert," from Proto-Germanic \*drugothaz, from Germanic root \*dreug- "dry" (cf high/height) with \*-itho, Germanic suffix for forming abstract nouns (see -th (2)).

A drought is a natural event, caused by other weather events like El Niño and high-pressure systems. Drought can also be triggered by deforestation (people cutting down forests), by global warming, and by diverting rivers or emptying lakes.

Drought is a natural disaster which usually takes place slowly. It is often difficult to decide when a drought started and sometimes when it ends too. Its effects often build up slowly over a long period of time and may last from months to years after rain resumes.

Many people die every year in famines due to drought in subsistence farming areas. Conflicts can result from drought conditions.

Related pages
-------------

* Water scarcity
Corfu city
Emblem
**Corfu city** is the capital of the Corfu Island and it is one of the most beautiful cities in the east Mediterranean. The town has an intense colour of the Italian renaissance, because in the past, Corfu was under the Venice rule. So, Corfu resemble a south Italian City. It a very touristic city and many tourists are coming to Corfu from all the world, mainly from west Europe. The population of Corfu city is 35.851 inhabitants

Sights
------

Corfu has many sights, so it is very interesting for visitors. The city has old buildings with very beautiful architecture. There is the "mon repo" Palace where princess Sissy lived. Another place of interest is the islet pontikonisi.

History
-------

Corfu Town Hall
Corfu is believed that it in the past was the Homeric country of Faekes where Odysseus had arrived, before he reached Ithaki. In the ancient archaist period the Corintians had founded some colonies. In the Middle Ages Corfu belonged to Byzantine Empire and later belonged to Venice state. Corfu was united with Greece in 1864.

| * v
* t
* e
Capitals of Greek prefectures |
| --- |
| Athens | Thessaloniki | Patras | Heraclion | Larissa | Volos | Ioannina | Chalkida | Livadeia | Lamia | Messolonghi | Amfissa | Kalamata | Tripoli | Nauplion | Sparta | Pyrgos | Corinth | Karpenisi | Karditsa | Trikala | Arta | Igoumenitsa | Preveza | Chania | Agios Nikolaos | Rethymno | Kozani | Grevena | Kastoria | Florina | Edessa | Veroia | Katerini | Polygyros | Kilkis | Serres | Drama | Kavala | Alexandroupoli | Xanthi | Komotini | Leukada | Corfu | Argostoli | Zakynthos | Rhodes | Chios | Mytilene | Samos | Ermoupolis  |  |
**VIETV** is an American Vietnamese-language broadcast television network based in Houston, Texas. The network began broadcasting over-the-air in Houston in 2011.

Affiliates broadcasting
-----------------------

It has since started affiliates broadcasting in Los Angeles, California, Orange County, California, San Francisco, California, San Jose, California, Dallas, Texas, Atlanta, Georgia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Boston, Massachusetts, and Washington, D.C. The Houston, Dallas, Los Angeles, and San Jose affiliates are also available in live streaming video on the Vietv.com website. The network has created the UNO IP IPTV set-top box for viewing their content on televisions outside their broadcast area.

Locations
---------

VIETV has six studios. This includes their headquarters in Houston and locations in Southern California, Northern California, Boston, and Philadelphia. Original programming on VIETV includes the *Evening NEWS* and *NEWS @ Nite* programs, the *It's Your Birthday* children's show, *Cooking with Chef Cam-Yuet*, *Beauty by Tiffani*, *World Travel*, and *The Law & Legal Issues*, hosted by VIETV president Robert Pham.
**Kharazmi University** (Persian: دانشگاه خوارزمی, *Daneshgah-e Xuarazmi*) is a public research university in Iran.

Origin of name
--------------

The school was named after Al-Khwarizmi (c. 780–850), Persian mathematician, astronomer and geographer.

Education
---------

The university offers a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs in a many areas.

History
-------

Kharazmi University is considered as the oldest institution of higher education in Iran. It was established in 1919 as the Central Teachers' Institute and gained university status as Tarbiat Moallem University of Tehran in 1974. It changed its name to Kharazmi University on January 31, 2012.

In 2015, the University of Economic Sciences (founded in 1936) was merged into Kharazmi University as its department of management, department of financial sciences and department of economics.

Facilities
----------

The university has two main campuses, the main campus including administration offices located in Tehran, another is in the Hesarak district of Karaj.

Ranks
-----

Kharazmi University School of Engineering won international rankings of 601-800th in 2019, 2020, and 2021. It ranked 6th and 10th in industrial incomes among Iranian universities in 2020 for Civil Engineering and Education.
The **Kelvin scale** (symbol: K) is the SI unit of temperature. It is named in honour of the physicist William Thomson, the first Lord Kelvin (1824–1907).
0 degree Celsius = 273 kelvin

Definition
----------

Lord Kelvin
The Kelvin scale is defined by a specific relationship between the pressure of a gas and the temperature. This says that "the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin". This means that Kelvin is an absolute temperature scale, and scientists use this scale more than any other.

The kelvin is a base SI unit of measurement, since 2018 defined by setting the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant *k* to 1.380649×10−23 J⋅K−1.

The temperature of the triple point of water is a hundredth of a degree Celsius above the freezing point, or 0.01 °C. The coldest possible temperature is called absolute zero and is equal to -273.15 degrees Celsius, or zero kelvin (0 K). By writing temperatures in kelvins one does not need to use negative numbers.

The absolute temperature scale was designed so that a change in temperature of 1 kelvin is equal to a change of 1 degree Celsius. This means that it is easy to convert a temperature from degrees Celsius to kelvin.

* To change a temperature in degrees Celsius into Kelvins you must add 273.15 units. For example, 0 degrees Celsius (0 °C), which is the temperature at which water freezes, is 273.15 kelvins (273.15 K).
* To change a temperature in Kelvins into degrees Celsius you must subtract 273.15 units. For example, 310 kelvins is 36.85 degrees Celsius, which is roughly the normal temperature of a human body.

It is important to notice that the name of this unit is simply *kelvin* (with a lowercase initial), not "degree Kelvin". In English, it undergoes normal plural inflection as *kelvins*. For example, the boiling point of liquid nitrogen is 77 kelvins.

In everyday use, the kelvin is most commonly used to measure very low or very high temperatures, such as the temperature of liquid nitrogen or the temperature of a light bulb filament.

Related pages
-------------

* Temperature
* Celsius

| * v
* t
* e
SI units |
| --- |
| Authority: International System of Units (BIPM) |
| Base units | 
* ampere
* candela
* kelvin
* kilogram
* metre
* mole
* second

 | SI base unit |
| Units basedon other units | 
* becquerel
* coulomb
* degree Celsius
* farad
* gray
* henry
* hertz
* joule
* katal
* lumen
* lux
* newton
* ohm
* pascal
* radian
* siemens
* sievert
* steradian
* tesla
* volt
* watt
* weber

 |
| Other SI units | 
* astronomical unit
* bar
* dalton
* day
* decibel
* degree of arc
* electronvolt
* hectare
* hour
* litre
* minute
* minute of arc
* neper
* second of arc
* tonne
* atomic units
* natural units

 |
| See also | 
* Conversion of units
* Metric prefixes
* Systems of measurement

 |
| 
* **Category**

 |
The "Khatri Chhetri" (K.C.) is a subgroup within the Chhetri community of Nepal. Essentially, they are Tagadhari Chhetri, descendants of a Brahmin father and a Khas mother. The Khatri subgroup includes more than 100 different sub-surnames, such as Bhattarai Khatri, Niraula Khatri, Poudel Khatri, Subedi Khatri, Gautam Khatri, Rijal Khatri, and so on.

In the Karnali Province, Neupane Khatri and Acharya Khatri are the prominent Khatri groups. In the Lumbini Province, Gautam Khatri, Rijal Khatri, and Subedi Khatri are dominant. The Gandaki Province sees Poudel Khatri as the prominent Khatri subgroup. Moving to the eastern part of Nepal, you'll find Pudasaini Khatri and Humagain Khatri in the Bagmati Province. In the Koshi Province, Niraula Khatri and Dahal Khatri are dominant.

Diet
----

Their diet mostly consists of goats and sheep. The Chhetri are indigenous native speakers of the Nepali language, which is an Indo-Iranian language. The Khas people have been referred as *Parbatiya,* *Pahari,* or *Gorkhali*. The Khas make up about 31% of Nepal's population. However, the word "Khas" is not used much in modern times. The Khas usually call themselves by their group names, like Bahun and Kshetri.
Ceremonial cross of John Frum cargo cult, Tanna island, New Hebrides (now Vanuatu), 1967
**Cargo cult** is a name given to several religions. There are many cargo cults in Melanesia and New Guinea. These religions are started when tribal societies come into contact with Western civilisation. When the first contact happened, the tribespeople saw Western manufactured goods, like radios. These things are called *cargo*. The tribespeople did not know how the manufactured goods worked nor how they were made. 

They imitate the behaviour they saw the Westerners do, in the hope that some spirits will send them more cargo. In other cases, such as on the island of Tanna in Vanuatu, cult members worship Americans who brought the cargo.

During the age of colonialism, the colonial powers came in contact with many technologically less advanced societies. The first cargo cults were documented in New Guinea, and other countries of Micronesia, Melanesia and the West Pacific Ocean. 

The people who are part of the cargo cults think that the cargo was created by their deities and ancestors. They think that the cargo was made for the members of the cargo cult, but the foreigners have it. For this reason, the efforts and rituals of cargo cults are done so that the foreigners should get less of these goods and the cult members more of them.

Related pages
-------------

* Vailala Madness - a cargo cult active between 1919 and 1922, possibly the first documented cargo cult.
* Ghost Dance - a similar movement that happened when Native Americans came in contact with the European settlers.

Other websites
--------------

* Vanuatu cargo cult marks 50 years (BBC News)
* Information on the Jon Frum Cargo Cult (still active) Archived 2021-01-26 at the Wayback Machine
* Contemporary Cargo Cults by John FitzGerald
* Western Oceanian Religions Archived 2008-06-03 at the Wayback Machine
* "2006 Smithsonian Magazine article entitled: "In John They Trust."".
* Cargo cults Archived 2011-02-28 at the Wayback Machine includes a bibliography
* Account of a Visit to a Jon Frum Village in 2005 Archived 2008-06-02 at the Wayback Machine
* Air Force Magazine Archived 2008-06-08 at the Wayback Machine, January 1991, Vol. 74, No. 1. Summary from the guys who fly those Cargoes.
The **Doctor of Philosophy**, (**PhD, Ph.D. DPhil** or **D.Phil.**) is a degree which a person gets from a university by finishing a doctorate program. In many areas of study, the PhD / DPhil is the highest degree that a person can earn. This is called the "terminal degree". There are PhD / DPhil degrees for many different fields. Examples of these include PhDs / DPhils in literature, philosophy, history, science, mathematics and engineering. Some PhD / DPhil degrees have existed for hundreds of years, such as a PhD / DPhil in Canon Law. Other PhD / DPhil degrees were developed in the 1970s and 1980s, such as the PhD / DPhil in computer science.

Requirements for degree
-----------------------

To be admitted to a PhD / DPhil program, a person usually has to have completed their Bachelor's degree or master's degree that is related to the PhD / DPhil degree. For example, a person applying to be admitted to a PhD / DPhil degree in theater would normally have to have a master's degree such as a Master of Arts (MA) degree in theater, English literature or a related area.

Elements of a PhD / DPhil degree
--------------------------------

The PhD / DPhil degree usually takes between three and six years of full-time study to complete. They may or may not require a master's degree beforehand. Many PhD / DPhil degrees begin with a period of graduate courses. After the PhD / DPhil student has taken these courses, they take examinations to test what the student knows about their area of study. After the student passes the exams, they begin to do original research. The product is a long research report called a dissertation (or a "thesis"). Some PhD / DPhil degrees also require students to pass exams in languages (such as French, German or other languages). Many PhD / DPhil students teach undergraduate students or assist professors with research during their PhD / DPhil studies.

As a requirement for university teaching
----------------------------------------

Requirements for university teaching vary in different subjects and in different countries. A PhD / DPhil is necessary or usual to become a university professor in many fields, especially in science. However, many famous professors have not had higher degrees, though that is less common today. In some fields, there is no PhD / DPhil, and so another degree is required to become a university professor. For example, the highest degree in Fine Arts fields such as printmaking or graphic design is the Master of Fine Arts (MFA) degree. A person with an MFA degree can become a university professor in some Fine Arts fields.

Other websites
--------------

* The Mathematics PhD in the United Kingdom: Notes on its History Contains information/links of more general relevance than mathematics.
**Wang Yangming** (31 October 1472 – 9 January 1529), or **Bo'an**, was a Chinese philosopher, official, educationist, calligraphist, and general during the Ming dynasty.

History
-------

He was born with the name **Wang Shouren** (王守仁) in the Zhejiang Province. He was known for his idealistic interpretation of neo-Confucianism, which was said to have a deeper effect on the philosophical thinking in East Asia for centuries.

### Military career

Wang became a successful general and was known for the strict discipline he used on his troops. In 1517 and 1518, in response to petitions to suppress peasant revolts in Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong provinces, Yangming asked the court to allow amnesty. This allowed Yangming to successfully defeat the rebel forces.

Influence
---------

Yangming influenced many*,* some including Lin Zexu, and Mao Zedong. He also was an influence to Tōgō Heihachirō, who won a decisive victory in the Russo-Japanese War, as Heihachirō created a stamp commemorating Yangming shortly after the war. There is also a mountain in Japan named after him, called Yangmingshan.

### Theory

See the main article: Unity of knowledge and action
He thought that **Knowledge is action, action is knowledge(知行合一)**.His main idea is **the extension of innate knowledge(致良知).** He taught the view that "Wisdom is knowledge applied." This viewpoint helped cement his victories and improve his legacy. He also taught that true knowledge is action-based, not word-based. Today we call "true knowledge" wisdom.

Other pages
-----------

* Theory of Good Human Nature

Sources
-------

1. ↑  Ulrich Theobald. "Ming period literature, thought and philosophy (www.chinaknowledge.de)". *www.chinaknowledge.de*. Retrieved 2017-10-17.
2. ↑  "Wang Yangming - Bibliography - PhilPapers". *philpapers.org*. Retrieved 2017-10-17.
Old ladder inside Carlsbad Caverns
A **ladder** is a tool which is made for people to climb up or down. Ladders have two vertical supports that go along the whole length of the ladder. Between these supports are the horizontal rungs. The rung is what the climber can put his foot on. The climber can use his hands to hold on to the rungs above him, or to the supports at the side.

Some ladders are made in one piece. They can be carried around and made to lean against something such as the wall of a house. There should be a good distance between the bottom of the ladder and the wall so that the ladder is not too vertical, otherwise the ladder might fall backwards and the climber would fall off. Sometimes these ladders are extension ladders. Extension ladders are made in two or more sections so that the ladder can fold up to make it easier to carry about and to store. To open up the ladder, each section slides up almost to the top of the next section.

**Step ladders** are useful in the home or the garden to reach things that are not too high, e.g. ceilings or the tops of hedges. They have two parts which are joined by a hinge, so that they are shaped like an upside down V. There is usually a platform at the top to stand on, but this can be dangerous unless great care is taken that the ladder will not wobble or fall down.

Some ladders are vertical (they go straight up or down). These are fixed onto something. Examples are: ladders in a swimming pool for climbing in and out of the water, small ladders to climb up to a top bunk bed, ladders at the side of a big boat or at the side of a canal lock or of any other high or low construction where workmen may need to get up or down to do repairs.

A fire engine with a turntable ladder in Tokyo.
Fire engines always have ladders. They often have a **turntable ladder** which makes it possible for the ladder to be facing in any direction.

**Rope ladders** can be folded away easily. They may be used for climbing trees or for rock climbing or in caves.
Neelamperoor Padayani
**Neelamperoor Padayani** is a Padayani which happens in Neelamperoor Palli Bhagavathi Temple in Neelamperoor, Alappuzha district, Kerala, India.

Origin of the name
------------------

The word Padayani means line of infantry. The name Padayani arrived due to the line formation of people like troops.

Mythology
---------

The mythology of Neelamperoor padayani lies with Cheraman Perumal.

History
-------

It is believed that this festival is very old. It has the cultures of Hinduism and Buddhism. Chinese traveller Fa-Hien said this festival resembles a festival of Buddhists in Patna in his travelogue.

Major ceremonies
----------------

* Chutteedal
* Kudampooja kali
* Anujnavangal
* Thothakali
* Thengamurikkal
* Kudanirthu
* Plavilanirthu
* Makam Padayani
* Pooram Padayani

Gallery
-------

* Kudampooja kaliKudampooja kali
* ThothakaliThothakali
* ThengamurikkalThengamurikkal
* PlavilanirthuPlavilanirthu
* VelakaliVelakali
* AmbalakkottaAmbalakkotta
* Pooram PadayaniPooram Padayani
**Alice Babette Toklas** (April 30, 1877 – March 7, 1967) was the life partner of American writer Gertrude Stein. Later in her life, she wrote cookbooks and her memoirs.

Toklas was born in San Francisco. Her parents were rich. She went to private schools and The University of Washington in Seattle. After the San Francisco earthquake in 1906, she met the brother and sister-in-law of Gertrude Stein. They told her about life in Paris, and she was very interested in that.

In September 1907, Toklas went to Paris and soon met Gertrude Stein. They became friends and lovers. They lived together in Paris and southern France until Stein died in 1946. Toklas managed their household. She took care of the details of everyday life. This let Stein work on her writing. In Paris they were able to hold weekly gatherings where Stein's art collection would be shown. Many important artists and writers came to these, such as Pablo Picasso and Ernest Hemingway.

In 1933 Stein wrote her own life story, but she called it *The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas*. The book was very popular, and Toklas became famous. From October 1934 to May 1935, she went to America with Stein. Stein gave lectures about writing and was very popular.

After Stein died, Toklas wrote her cookbook. It included little stories about Stein and their adventures in France. And she wrote her memoir of life with Stein. She died in 1967. She is buried next to Stein in the Pére-Lachaise cemetery in Paris.

Books
-----

* *The Alice B. Toklas Cookbook (1954)*
* *Aromas and Flavors of Past and Present* (1958)
* *What Is Remembered* (1963)
**Kids Helpline** is a counselling service in Australia for people who are between 5 and 25 years old. Children & young people contact Kids Helpline to speak about problems in their lives. These problems range from fighting with friends and breaking up with a partner to suicidal thoughts and being hurt or abused. 

Kids Helpline employs about 110 people to work as counsellors. The call centres are based in Brisbane so all the calls that people make to the Kids Helpline go through to a call centre in Brisbane.  These counsellors listen to nearly 6,000 calls from young people each week. Kids Helpline is run by yourtown. Most of the money needed for it to run is raised through lotteries held by yourtown. The Australian Government also helps by giving some money. Optus is their biggest sponsor.

History
-------

Kids Helpline was opened for taking calls on the 25 March 1991. On the first day more than 3,200 young people rang up to ask for help. By the 17th day, 122,000 thousand calls had been made. Not many of these calls were able to be answered. After a year of been open for people to call the Kids Helpline had answered 75,000 calls.

Kids Helpline was added into different states one at a time. In 1993 it was open into the whole nation of Australia. In 1999 *Email Counselling* was offered for the first time and in May 2000 *Web Counselling* was offered for the first time.

Since the first call was taken in 1991, the Kids Helpline has been contacted more than 8 million (8,000,000) times.

Ways of Contacting
------------------

The Kids Helpline offers three different ways of communicating with them.

### Phone

Phoning 1800 55 1800 anywhere in Australia will connect you to a counselor from Kids Helpline. The contact by phone can be made at any time of the day and on any day in the week. This is the quickest way of getting support. If the problem is really urgent Kids Helpline advises that contacting them by phone is the best way to get support immediately. Contacting this number in Australia is for free using a landline & mobile phone.

### Instant Messaging

This is called *Web Counselling*. Web Counselling allows a person who wants help to talk over the Internet to a counselor. This is done through instant messaging, or sending messages back and forth between a person wanting help and a counselor in a chat room (similar to Skype and eHeadspace). Web Counselling is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

### Email

A person needing help may send an email to the Kids Helpline and then wait for a response. This is the slowest way of getting help because it sometimes takes a counselor up to two weeks to reply to each email. For a person needing immediate assistance it is recommended to phone Kids Helpline on 1800 55 1800.

Other websites
--------------

* Kids Helpline website
The **Freud Museum** was the home of Sigmund Freud and his family after they escaped the Nazi takeover of Austria in 1938. It is at 20 Maresfield Gardens in Hampstead, London.

After the death of Anna Freud, the youngest daughter, in 1982, the home became a museum. The centrepiece of the museum is Freud's study, preserved just as it was during his lifetime. 

There are two other Freud Museums, one in Vienna, and another in Příbor, the Czech Republic, in the house where Freud was born.

The study
---------

  

The study and library were preserved by Anna Freud after her father's death. The bookshelf behind Freud's desk contains some of his favourite authors: not only Goethe and Shakespeare but also Heine, Multatuli and Anatole France. Freud acknowledged that poets and philosophers had gained insights into the unconscious which psychoanalysis sought to explain systematically. 

The room contains the original analytic couch brought from Berggasse 19. On this patients would recline comfortably while Freud, out of sight in the green tub chair, listened to their 'free association'. They were asked to say everything that came to mind without consciously sifting or selecting information. This method became a foundation upon which psychoanalysis was built.

Antiquities
-----------

The study is filled with antiquities from ancient Greece, Rome, Egypt and the Orient. There are some fine masks and carving from Africa. Freud visited many archaeological sites (though not Egypt). Most of the collection was got from dealers in Vienna. 

He confessed that his passion for collecting was second only to his addiction to cigars. The importance of the collection can be seen in Freud's use of archaeology as a metaphor for psychoanalysis. One example of this is Freud's explanation to a patient that conscious material 'wears away' while what is unconscious is relatively unchanging: "I illustrated my remarks by pointing to the antique objects about my room. They were, in fact, I said, only objects found in a tomb, and their burial had been their preservation".

The collection includes a portrait of Freud by Salvador Dalí.

Other websites
--------------

* Freud Museum website
* Freud Museum in Vienna Archived 2014-05-30 at the Wayback Machine
**NHS Scotland** is of the four systems that make up the National Health Service in the United Kingdom. It has been separate since the NHS was started in 1948. Since 1999 it has become more different from England.

Plan for the NHS in Scotland
The budget was £15.3 billion in 2020-21.

NHS Scotland staff displaying the new uniforms introduced in 2008
About 160,000 people work for the NHS in Scotland. There are14 regional NHS Boards, seven Special NHS Boards and one public health body,

It is setting up four new National Treatment Centres, in Kirkaldy, Larbert, Inverness and Clydebank. They will give extra capacity for hospital care, day case treatment and diagnostic services. The new ward at Larbert has 30 beds. It was built by Portakabin. There are two operating theatres and an MRI scanner. It should deliver 1,500 more operations each year.

NHS Near Me is a system which lets people see doctors and nurses using video. In 2022 it was used for 20,000 consultations every week; Connect Me lets people use their phone to manage their health needs from home.
The **National Portrait Gallery** (NPG) is an art gallery in London. It holds a collection of portraits of historically important and famous British people. It was the first portrait gallery in the world when it opened in 1856.

The gallery moved in 1896 to its current site at St Martin's Place, off Trafalgar Square, next to the National Gallery. It has been expanded twice since then. The National Portrait Gallery also has three regional outposts. It is not connected to the Scottish National Portrait Gallery in Edinburgh. The NPG is a quango sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

The collection
--------------

Inside the National Portrait Gallery
The gallery houses portraits of historically important and famous British people, selected on the basis of the significance of the sitter, not that of the artist. The collection includes photographs and caricatures as well as paintings, drawings and sculpture.

One of its best-known images is the 'Chandos portrait', the most famous portrait of William Shakespeare although there is some uncertainty about whether the painting actually is of the playwright.

Not all of the portraits are exceptional artistically, although there are self-portraits by William Hogarth, Sir Joshua Reynolds and other British artists of note. Some, such as the group portrait of the participants in the Somerset House Conference of 1604, are important historical documents in their own right. Often, the curiosity value is greater than the artistic worth of a work, as in the case of the portrait of Edward VI by William Scrots, Patrick Brontë's painting of his sisters Charlotte, Emily and Anne, or a sculpture of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in medieval costume. Portraits of living figures were allowed from 1969. 

In addition to its permanent galleries of historical portraits, the National Portrait Gallery exhibits a rapidly changing collection of contemporary work, stages exhibitions of portrait art by individual artists and hosts the annual BP Portrait Prize competition.

The Gallery has many portrait busts by sculptors. The sculptors are mostly British or resident in Britain, and the subjects are British. Sculptors include poineers of modern sculpture such as Sir Jacob Epstein (14 examples), Dame Elizabeth Frink (5 examples), Sir Eduardo Paolozzi (four self-portrait busts).
Map of the Antonine Wall in Scotland and Hadrian's Wall in northern England
The **Antonine Wall** is a stone and turf fortification built across northern Great Britain by the Roman Empire in the middle 2nd century. The Roman emperor Antoninus Pius built the wall to control barbarians: the ancient Britons to the north of the wall, in Caledonia. The wall is now in Scotland, and runs between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde in the modern Scottish Lowlands. When the Romans built the wall, it was the northern border of the Roman Empire.

The Roman legions (armies) of the governor of Roman Britain, Lollius Urbicus, built the wall for the emperor between 139 and 142. The wall was about 59 kilometres (37 miles) long. Its foundations were made of stone and was between 4.5 metres (15 feet) and 5 metres (16 feet) wide. The wall itself was made of turf. In front of the wall (on the northern side) was a ditch. The ditch was 7 metres (23 feet) away from the wall. The ditch was at least 3.6 metres (12 feet) deep and was nearly 12 metres (39 feet) wide in places. The Romans used the wall until after 158. The last Romans went away from the wall in around 163. After that, the wall fell into ruins slowly.

The Antonine Wall is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site called Frontiers of the Roman Empire. It shares this listing with Hadrian's Wall in England and the German fortifications known as the *Limes Germanicus*. The barrier was the second of two "great walls" created by the Romans in Great Britain. Its ruins are less visible than the better known Hadrian's Wall to the south.

Construction began in AD 142 at the order of emperor Antoninus Pius, and took about twelve years to complete. Pressure from the Caledonians may have led Antoninus Pius to send the empire's troops farther north. The wall was protected by sixteen forts with a number of small fortlets between them; troop movement was facilitated by a road linking all the sites known as the Military Way. The soldiers who built the wall commemorated the construction and their struggles with the barbarians in a number of decorative slabs, twenty of which still survive.

Despite this good start, the wall was abandoned after only twenty years. The garrisons were sent back to Hadrian's Wall. In 208 the emperor Septimius Severus re-established legions at the wall and ordered repairs. This has led to the wall being referred to as the **Severan Wall**. However, this occupation ended only a few years later, and the wall was never fortified again. Most of the wall and its associated fortifications have been destroyed over time, but some remains are still visible. Many of these have come under the care of Historic Scotland and the UNESCO World Heritage Site Committee. Most of the wall is private property.
**Gauri Khan** (Hindi: गौरी ख़ान) (née Chibber, born 8 October 1970) is an Indian movie producer. A Hindu of Punjabi Mohyal origin, born in New Delhi, India. She graduated from Modern School, New Delhi and has a degree in History from Lady Sriram College. She is married to Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan. She has produced some of the movies with her husband as the main actor, including Paheli (an unsuccessful Indian submission to the Oscars in 2005), Main Hoon Na, and Om Shanti Om. She also made a short guest appearance in Om Shanti Om.

She used to host a weekly Hindi music countdown show, "Oye", for a music channel in the 1990s. She is the face of the fashion line, *Aftershock*. She was on the January 2008 cover of the Indian edition of Vogue magazine.

Together with Shahrukh Khan, Gauri is part-owner and part-producer of the production company, Red Chillies Entertainment (RCE). Shah Rukh started the company for his friend and colleague, director-choreographer Farah Khan. With the backing of RCE, Farah launched her directorial career with the movie, Main Hoon Na (2004).

Gauri has three children: Aryan Khan born 12 November 1997, Suhana Khan born 23 May 2000 and AbRam Khan born in 2013.

She was also crowned the queen of Bollywood at the Zee Cine Awards in 2008.

Other websites
--------------

Gauri Khan on IMDb
**Self-care** is the process of taking care of your own health on a physical and psychological level.  These include diet, sleep, personal hygiene, social interactions, exercise and recreation.  Regular self-care is important for healthy people in terms of health promotion. It only becomes essential (necessary) in the case of physical and psychological complaints and illnesses in terms of prevention and maintaining quality of life.

Origin and history
------------------

Although the name suggests its origin in modern times, the origins can be traced back to Socrates in ancient Greece.  Before the 20th century , self-care was still closely tied to wealth. It was not until that time that the middle class was able to afford it.  With the release of "Caring for Yourself." 1986 by Michel Foucault , the topic is taken up again in another way. The aim (goal) is to get to know yourself there, to identify mistakes and harmful behavior in order to eliminate or change them.

Influencing factors
-------------------

### Supporting Factors

There are many factors that support self-care, including:

* Motivation through human contact and empathy
* Tailored Interventions
* Supportive social environment
* Easier communication with social environment and medical professionals

competency-based approaches to building self-care skills
routine 

### Hindering Factors

The hindering factors are factors that stabilize a lack of self-care or make improvement more difficult:

* Attachment to Unhealthy Habits. This can be about the social environment.
* Lack of motivation to change
* Difficulty maintaining healthy habits over the long term

Related pages
-------------

* executive functions
* activities of daily living
* resilience
The public healthcare system in New Zealand was set up by the Social Security Act 1938, but since the 1980s there has been more private health insurance. In 2012, New Zealand spent 8.7% of GDP on health care, or US$3,929 per person. About 77% was government expenditure.

* Funding
	+ Per capita government spending (PPP Int $): 1,905 (2006)
	+ Per capita total spending (PPP Int $): 2,447 (2006)
	+ Total expenditure (% of GDP): 9.4 (2006)

20 district health boards were set up in January 2001. They were supposed to improve the health outcomes of Māori. They were closed in 2022 by the Pae Ora Act which set up Health New Zealand and the Māori Health Authority.

In 2023 Health New Zealand started to use an ‘equity adjuster score’ for planned surgery. This prioritises patients according to clinical priority, time spent on the waitlist, their geographic location (isolation), economic situation, and ethnicity. Māori and Pasifika are the highest ranked ethnicities. 

There were substantial delays in diagnosis and treatment because of severe workforce shortages. The performance of public hospitals deteriorated after the 2000s.
**Alan Kuo** (Chinese: 柯有綸; pinyin: *Kē Yǒu Lún*) is a Taiwanese rock singer and actor.

Biography
---------

Alan is the son of the late Taiwanese stuntman-actor Blackie Ke. For his father, he wrote two songs, each in one of his albums in the same number of track. *Wake Up* and *I Miss You*, these two songs shows his relationship with his father, how much his father had changed him. Before actually starting to receive the chance to release his first album he went through a lot of hard work. First of all, he started from a guitar, up to writing songs and lyrics. When he first entered Alpha Music, Jay Chou told him that he should know how to write his own songs, so that people would want to listen to his music, influenced by this Alan began writing his own songs. Secondly, he wrote more than hundreds of songs just to make the world hear his voice. For this purpose, Alan Kuo’s music director requires him to edit and edit his songs, every year, every month, every week, and every day. He kept on working on his songs for perfection. Finally, he edited his songs and made new songs in the 6 years of preparation, just for the best 12 songs for all the people anticipating for his music. In the meantime, during the 6 years of hard work for his first album, his courage was being challenged, his father died of an accident, but it did not stop him. In fact he continued going after his first album, trying to show us how hard he worked and especially to show his father in heaven. As a result, on 8/19/2005, Alan Kuo’s first album came out with 12 songs that rocked the listeners, the music that shows you the 6 years of hard work and effort he gave on his music, Alan Kuo. In 2007, Alan changed his Chinese name from 柯有倫 to 柯有綸. It still has the same pronunciation though.

Filmography
-----------

### TV series

* *Sonic Youth*
* *Y2K+01*
* *Mars*
* *Sweet Relationship*
* K.O 3an Guo

### Movies

* *Life Express*
* *The Legend Of Wisely*
* *About Love*

Other websites
--------------

* TFL.ORG APPROVED ALAN KUO FANLISTING. Archived 2008-03-26 at the Wayback Machine (in English)
* ALAN in SONY MUSIC
* Alan Kuo in YesAsia Archived 2008-01-27 at the Wayback Machine
Kim Seong-su
This is a Korean name; the family name is *Kim*.
**Kim Seong-Su** (Korean: 김성수; Hanja 金性洙, October 11, 1881-February 18, 1955), the second vice-president of the Republic of Korea (대한민국; 大韓民國), was a politician, educationist, journalist, and founder of Kyung-Sung textile Co. (경성방직회사; 京城紡織會社) , the Dong-A Ilbo(동아일보; 東亞日報), and Korea University(고려대학교; 高麗大學校). After he died he was given the Order of Merit for National Foundation(건국훈장; 建國勳章). He is also known by his pen name Inchon (인촌; 仁村)

Life
----

### Early life

Kim Seong-Su was born on October 11 1891, in Gochang(고창; 高昌), Jeollabuk-do(전라북도; 全羅北道), South Korea. He graduated from Waseda University in Japan in 1914, majoring in Political Science and Economics. After returning home, he took over Jung-Ang High School, which was in financial difficulties, and took office as the president in 1917. Also, he founded Kyung-Sung textile Co. in 1919 in order to realize Korea’s economic independence from Japan and to foster its national capital. He launched the Dong-A Ilbo in 1920 and took charge of Boseong College (보성전문학교; 普成專門學校), the predecessor of the present Korea University.

### Pro-Japanese

In 1938, he was a promoter of the Federation for National Mobilization of Korean(국민정신총동원조선연맹; 國民精神總動員朝鮮聯盟), which was one of the pro-Japanese groups. He also took part in several pro-Japanese activities, writing articles which admired student soldiers and the draft system for Japan. Due to these activities, he was included in the list of 3,090 pro-Japanese collaborators released by the Institute for Research in Collaborationist Activities(민족문제연구소; 民族問題硏究所) in 2008.

### After Korean Liberation

Kim Seong-su
After the Independence from the Japan Occupation on August 15 1945, in 1946 he became the governor of Korea Democratic Party(한국민주당; 韓國民主黨) and the ninth president of the Dong-A Ilbo. He was opposed to U.S. trusteeship of Sourh Korea and in 1949 he took office as the supreme council of Democratic National Party(민주국민당; 民主國民黨). He was inaugurated as the second vice president of South Korea in 1951, but resigned the following year because he was against the dictatorial powers of President Rhee Syng-man(이승만; 李承晩). The same year he became an adviser of Democratic National Party and then, continued to take part in the nongovernment party. He was posthumously awarded the Republic of Korea Medal of Order of Merit for National Foundation in 1962.

Related pages
-------------

* Dong-A Ilbo
* Korea University
* Song Jin-woo
* Jungang high School
* Korean Democratic Party
* Rhee Syng-man
* Kim Gu
* Kim Kyusik
* Shin Ik-hye
* Chang Myon
* Yun Chi-Young
* Yun Chi-Ho
* Yun Posun

Other websites
--------------

* Kim Seong-Su on Doopedia
* Incheon Kim Seung-Su Memorial Conference


Wikisource has original writing related to this article:
**Author:Kim Seong-su**

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| Preceded byRhee See-Young |  **2nd VicePresidents of South Korea**1951 - 1952 | Succeeded byHam Tae-Young |

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The **Siberian crane** (*Grus leucogeranus*) or **Siberian white crane** or **snow crane**, is a critically endangered crane. They occur in three groups: the eastern group, which migrates from eastern Siberia to China, the central group, which migrates from western Siberia to India, and the western group, which migrate from western Russia to Iran

Description
-----------

Adult Siberian cranes are 140 cm (5 ft) tall and weight 6 kg (13 lbs). Their plumage is pure white, except for some wing feathers, which are black. The front of the face does not have any feathers and is reddish in color.

Populations
-----------

The eastern group is abiut 3000-4000 cranes, over 95% of the total population. In 2008, 3750 individuals were counted at Poyang Lake in China, one of the breeding sites. This group of cranes breeds in the Yakutia region of northeastern Siberia and spends the winter in the Yangtze River valley. However, cranes sometimes are found in areas like Mongolia, Japan, and Korea, although they do not breed there.

The central group is believed to breed in western Siberia, especially along the Ob River. These cranes spend the winter in India. Although no one has actually tracked a crane on its migration route, researchers believe the cranes in Siberia fly over Kazakhstan and Afghanistan to reach India's Keoladeo National Park. They believe this because cranes were seen in Kazakhstan and may have even nested there, and several cranes are known to stop in Afghanistan's lakes during their migration. However, cranes of the central group were last seen in 2002, and there were only four cranes. Therefore, this group may be extinct.