recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Chauchilla Cemetery** is a cemetery that has prehistoric remains of prehispanics. Their bodies, which are mummified, contain artifacts. The cemetery is 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the city of Nazca in Peru.

History
-------

The tombs were built for families.
The cemetery was discovered in the 1920s. However, it was last used in the 9th century. The cemetery has a lot of very important burials that happened over a period of 600 to 700 years. The cemetery was first used around the year 200. This cemetery is a very important source of archaeology to Nazca culture. Because the cemetery was damaged a long time ago, it was protected by Peruvian law in 1997. Tourists pay around seven U.S. dollars for a two-hour tour of the cemetery.

Preservation of the bodies
--------------------------

The bodies inside the cemetery have been preserved which is probably because of the dry climate in the Peruvian Desert. However, the funeral rites were also an important factor. The bodies had clothes on them which were made of cotton and were painted with a resin. They were bought in the cemetery, which was built from mud bricks. The resin was thought to have kept out insects and slowed bacteria from feeding on the bodies.

Estaquería, a nearby cemetery, may have given clues to show how the bodies were preserved. At Estaquería, archaeologists have found wooden pillars which was first thought to have been used for astronomical sightings. However, it is not thought that those posts were used to dry the bodies. This was a mummification process. This clue helped archaeologists to understand why these thousand-year-old bodies still had their hair and some soft tissue, like skin, still attached to them.
Seven of the twenty volumes of the printed version of the second edition of the *OED*
The **Oxford English Dictionary** (or **OED**) is a dictionary. It is published by the Oxford University Press in England, and is the largest English dictionary.

It traces (or follows in detail) the historical development of the English language, and is a resource to writers and scholars. It describes how the language has been used.

The second edition came to 21,728 pages in 20 volumes, published in 1989. Number of main entries is 231,100 and number of main entries for out-of -date words is 47,100.

Work began on the dictionary in 1857, but it was not until 1884 that it began to be published in parts, under the name of *A New English Dictionary on historical principles; founded mainly on the materials collected by the Philological Society*. In 1895, the title *The Oxford English Dictionary* (*OED*) was first used unofficially on the covers of the series, and in 1928 the full dictionary was republished in ten bound volumes. In 1933, *The Oxford English Dictionary* was reprinted as twelve volumes with a one-volume supplement. More supplements came over the years until 1989, when the second edition was published. Since 2000, a third edition of the dictionary has been underway, approximately a third of which is now complete.

The first electronic version of the dictionary was done in 1988. The online version has been available since 2000, and as of April 2014 was receiving over two million hits per month. The third edition of the dictionary will probably only appear in electronic form; Nigel Portwood, chief executive of Oxford University Press, feels it unlikely that it will ever be printed.

Other websites
--------------

* Official website Edit this at Wikidata

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* VIAF

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| National | 
* France
* BnF data
* Germany
* Israel
* United States

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| Other | 
* IdRef

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**Whalley Range** is an area of Manchester and a ward of the city council about 2 miles (3.2 km) southwest of the city centre. The population at the 2011 census was 15,430.

It was built by Manchester banker and businessman Samuel Brooks, who came from Whalley, as "a desirable estate for gentlemen and their families" in the 1830s. It had to be drained, and it was crossed by a large number of streams, most of which are now covered. There was a railway station - Wilbraham Road railway station - which was made for the Alexandra Park Aerodrome, which is to the South. It closed to passengers in 1958. In 1964 Granada Television used the disused buildings as Chorltonville, a southern U.S.-style station, for a programme called *Blues and Gospel Train* with Muddy Waters, Otis Spann, Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, Rev. Gary Davis and Cousin Joe Pleasant.

The British Muslim Heritage Centre now has the building which was built as the **Lancashire Independent College** in the 1840s. It was later used as a Trade Union college by the GMB. It is a Grade II\* Listed Building.
**Bradley Aaron "Brad" Keselowski** (born February 12, 1984) is an American racecar driver. He drives the No. 2 Ford Mustang for Team Penske in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, and drives the No. 22 Mustang for Team Penske in the NASCAR Xfinity Series. He used to be a driver for JR Motorsports, a team owned by Dale Earnhardt, Jr. from 2007 to 2009 in the Nationwide series. He also used to drive for Phoenix Racing and Hendrick Motorsports in the Sprint Cup Series. Keselowski is the 2010 NASCAR Nationwide series champion, and the 2012 Sprint Cup series champion.

NASCAR career
-------------

Keselowski started racing in NASCAR in 2004 in the Craftsman Truck Series. He drove a few races the #29 for K Automotive Racing team. His first race was at Martinsville Speedway. He started 26th and finished the race in 33rd. His best finish of his first year was at the Mansfield Motorsports Speedway where he finished 16th.

In 2005, Keselowski raced the full season in the Craftsman Truck Series. He finished the season 21st in points. Keselowski raced the first two races of the 2006 season, but his race team could not afford to keep racing.

In 2007, Keselowski started racing in the Busch series. After driving for a few teams, Dale Earnhardt, Jr. called Keselowski asking him to drive his #88 United States Navy Chevrolet for JR Motorsports for the rest of the year.

Keselowski raced with JR Motorsports in 2008, and got his first win came June 7, 2008 at Nashville Superspeedway. He finished the season third in the points. Keselowski made his first start in the Sprint Cup Series.He finished the race in the 19th position. He also raced the final race of the season at Homestead Miami Speedway, finishing 23rd.

Keselowski drove the #88 for JR Motorsports again in 2009. He also raced a few races in the Sprint Cup Series. Keselowki got his first Sprint Cup Series win driving the #09 for Phoenix Racing at Talledega Superspeedway.

Keselowski left JR Motorsports and Phoenix Racing after the 2009 season to drive the full season for the #12 Dodge in the Sprint Cup Series and the #29 Dodge in the Nationwide series for Penske Racing in 2010.

In 2011, Brad drove the #2 Miller Lite Dodge after teammate Kurt Busch and team owner Roger Penske agreed to move Busch to the number #22 car. Keselowski won three races in 2011, and finished the season 5th in points.

In 2012 Keselowski drove his Miller Lite Dodge to 5 wins, as well as racing in a short schedule in the Nationwide series. At the end of the year, Brad was able to beat Jimmie Johnson and Clint Bowyer to win his first Sprint Cup Championship. This championship was also the first Sprint Cup championship for the owner of Keselowski's car, Roger Penske.
**Elia** is a sculpture in Herning, Denmark, created by Ingvar Cronhammar. The sculpture is a big round dome with four tall columns that are 32 meters (105 ft) high. The dome has a diameter of 60 meters (200 ft). Inside the sculpture, there is a large tube that shoots flames randomly into the air. The flames can go up to 8 meters (26 ft) high and last for about 25 seconds. These bursts of flames happen randomly, usually every two months. However, they won't happen if the weather is too windy or if people are too close to the sculpture. The sculpture opened in September 2001. It costed 23 million Danish krone.

Accidents
---------

On October 30, 2016, a 21-year-old man fell down the center of the sculpture and died. Two months later, on December 29, 2016, a woman also died by jumping into the center, which was believed to be a suicide. As a result of these incidents, a safety net was installed around the sculpture. During the installation, one of the workers fell from a height and was taken to the hospital by ambulance. On March 23, 2021, a 46-year-old man died while performing maintenance inside one of the steel pipes of the sculpture.
***Sunset*** (also known as ***Vespero*** or ***Sosta - Gregge - Vespero***) is a 19th-century late impressionist painted in oil by Francesco Filippini. It was painted about 1891, in Milano, Italy. Is in the collection of the Civic Museums of Brescia (inv. n. 734).

The work with the title of "Vespero" was the most important of the 1981 Promotional Exhibition in Turin, amid the clamor of the public and visitors the poet Giuseppe Deabate dedicated his verses to him in the catalog of the same Exhibition, confirming that the paintings of Filippini are works of art and poetry.

Description
-----------

The stylistic reference of Filippini in this painting is to his work "Return to the pasture" of 1888.
Filippini portrays, at sunset towards versa, those who, after their daily efforts, go to pray in front of an isolated "Santella" which is encountered in the path between work and devotion.

Exhibitions
-----------

* Promotrice di Torino, 1891 with the title "Vespero"
* Brescia, 1934, p. 59, n. 356
* Brescia, 1956, 58, n. 78
* Brescia, 1979
* Villa Carcina, 1992, p. 43-45

Related pages
-------------

* Francesco Filippini

Bibliography
------------

* *Francesco Filippini*, un protagonista del Naturalismo, Ed. Skira, 1999
* Giorgio Nicodemi, "Pittori dell'Ottocento Bresciano", 1956, p. 31
* Giorgio Nicodemi, 1933
* E. Somaré, "Brescia", 1934, p. 21
* E. Pasini, "Primavera", 1935, p. 21
* S. Pagani, 1955, p. 263
* G. Panazza, 1964, p. 62
* L. Anelli, 1984, p. 206-2007, ill. 272-273
* L. Anelli, 1985, p. 58
* R. Stradiotti, 1989, p. 192
* V. Terraroli, 1997, p. 712
* Catalogo A.M. Comanducci, 1999, p. 228
* Iconografia pittorica, tav. XXV
*Kryptos*
***Kryptos*** is the name of a sculpture (art that is like a statue) on the grounds of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in Langley, Virginia, USA. Kryptos is very famous. It has codes (secret hidden messages) on it. There are four messages. People know what three of the messages say. No one knows what the fourth message says yet.

A man named Jim Sanborn made *Kryptos* in 1990. Kryptos is in a garden in the middle of a building called CIA Headquarters. 

Not very many people have seen *Kryptos*, because only a few people are allowed to go into the CIA building. They do very important work at the CIA, and have to be very careful.

The word Kryptos comes from the Greek language. It means "hidden".

The sculpture is about 12 feet high and 20 feet long. It is made of metal and different kinds of rocks. It has thousands of letters and other things written in the metal. 

The first person to find out what the first three messages say, was Jim Gillogly. He learned the answers in 1999. After he said what the answer was, the CIA said that a man who works at the CIA, David Stein, knew the answer too. A few years later the NSA (another agency in Washington D.C.) said that they had people who had solved it too.

Before he made *Kryptos*, Jim Sanborn had not made any other sculptures with letters on them. After *Kryptos* he made many other sculptures with letters on them. Some of them have secret messages. One is called Antipodes. There are two copies of Antipodes. One belongs to a man in California. The other is in a museum in Washington DC called the Hirshhorn Museum. 

Another sculpture that Sanborn made which has secret messages is called the *Cyrillic Projector*. It has secret messages in Russian. The Cyrillic Projector was independently cracked by Michael Bales and Frank Corr in 2003.

There are two famous books that talk about *Kryptos*, which were written by Dan Brown. He wrote a book in 2003 called *The Da Vinci Code*. On the cover of the book is art. In the art there are secret messages. Two of the messages talk about *Kryptos*. Dan Brown wrote another book in 2009 called *The Lost Symbol*, which also talks about *Kryptos*.

Other websites
--------------

* The CIA website about Kryptos Archived 2006-07-18 at the Wayback Machine
* NY Times Library An article in the newspaper (*The New York Times*: *CIA's Artistic Enigma Reveals All but Final Clues*, – June 16, 1999)
* Elonka Dunin's Kryptos page
* Washington Post ("Cracking the Code of a CIA Sculpture" – July 19, 1999)
* New York Times article and other articles Archived 2018-08-21 at the Wayback Machine ("Gillogly Cracks CIA Art", & "The Kryptos Code Unmasked")
* Wired News ("Solving the Enigma of *Kryptos*" – January 21, 2005)
* CNN story, "Cracking the Code", June 19, 2005

### Pictures of Kryptos from high up in the sky

* Windows Live Local - Several images. (zoom in and click on aerial / bird's eye links at left)
* Terraserver-USA
* Google Maps
***Piss Christ*** is a 1987 photo that was taken by Andres Serrano. The picture is of a small plastic crucifix that is in a glass of Serrano's urine. The piece won the Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art's "Awards in the Visual Arts" competition. This contest gets some of its money from the National Endowment from the Arts, a United States government group that gives money to art projects.

Controversy
-----------

The photo caused some dispute when it was first shown in 1989. Some people who were against the photo, including United States Senators Al D'Amanto and Jesse Helms were upset that Serrano was given $15,000 for the work. They were also upset that part of it was from the National Endowment for the Arts. Supporters of the work said the *Piss Christ* is an issue of artistic freedom and freedom of speech.

Others said that the government paying for *Piss Christ* went against separation of church and state.

Sister Wendy Beckett, an art critic and Catholic nun, said in a television interview with Bill Moyers that she did not think the work was blasphemous. She thought that it was but a statement on "what we have done to Christ"

During a showing of Serrano's works at the National Gallery of Victoria (NGV) in 1997, then Archbishop George Pelli tried to get the Supreme Court of Victoria to stop the gallery from showing the work. The Court did not agree with him and did not stop it. A few days later, one visitor tried to take the work off of the gallery wall, and two teenagers later attacked the work with a hammer. The director of the NGV then cancelled the show. He said that he was worried about some of Rembrandt's works that were also being shown at the time.

"Piss Christ" was part of the BBC documentary called "Why Beauty Matters", which talks about art and how it is important in everyday life.

Other websites
--------------

* Annotated transcription of U.S. Senate discussion about "Piss Christ"
An **electrical cell** is a device used to generate electricity, or to make chemical reactions by applying electricity. A battery is one or more cells, connected. This cell is also known as electrochemical cell.

Cells producing electricity
---------------------------

The simple electrical cells were first developed in 1800s. They are also called *galvanic cells*, because an Italian scientist named Luigi Galvani invented these cells.

Special chemical reactions which occur inside the electrical cell, result in oxidation and reduction of the substances inside the cell. This produces electrical energy. Normal batteries work like this.

Some electrical cells produce electricity without using chemical energy. For example, solar cells produce electricity when they are exposed to sun light.

A plate of zinc and a plate of copper immersed in a dilute solution which contains acid or salt is an example of the chemical reaction based cell. The solution acts as an electrolyte (electric conductor). When the two plates are connected to a current meter with a wire, electric current will pass; this is because oxidation and reduction processes take place in this chemical reaction turning the zinc plate to a negative electrode and the copper plate to a positive electrode, and so the electrons flow from zinc to copper.

Cells using electricity
-----------------------

Some chemical reactions need high energy to happen. An example is the breakdown of water into hydrogen and oxygen. An electrical cell (or an "electrolytic cell") is used for these reactions. It is a container which has to have a chemical reaction involving electrodes. The chemical substances are exposed to electrical power, and the electrolysis reaction happens inside the electrical cell.

Two pieces of metal are placed in water that has a little electrolyte such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium bicarbonate, or sodium hydroxide added to it. An electric current is applied and gas comes out of each electrode. Some greenish-brown color may be seen too if iron was used. 

There may also be a chemical reaction which will result in the explosion of the iron and has a strong blast radius (safety goggles recommended).

Related pages
-------------

* Battery
The **L'Isle-Verte nursing home fire** happened on January 23, 2014 at the Résidence du Havre nursing home in the town of L'Isle-Verte, Quebec, Canada at approximately 12:35 a.m.

An overnight worker talked to police and told Québecor Média that he was "95% sure" the fire was caused by a cigarette that was lit by a resident who refused to be let outside to smoke less than an hour earlier. He also said that the black smoke that was billowing from above the cracked open door of room 206 on the man's second-floor room. When the worker tried to help, he had "began to suffocate" and needed to leave. On his way out, he was able to rescue a man who had broken his leg by jumping from his balcony. In the fire, an estimated 32 people were killed and 15 people were injured.

Fire safety experts as well as groups such as the Canadian Association of Retired Persons, Ontario Retirement Communities Association, l'Association Québécoise de Défense des Personnes Retraitées et Préretraitées and the Canadian Association of Fire Chiefs have called for more strict fire safety measures including required sprinkler installation. As of 2014, 54% of Québec's private homes for the elderly have no sprinklers. The Québec health minister Réjean Hébert suggested that the requirements be more strengthened to put sprinklers into homes for semi-autonomous elderly.
**No. 77 Squadron** is a squadron in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). It flies out of RAAF Williamtown in New South Wales, Australia. It is part of No. 81 Wing and has F18 Hornet fighters. 

The squadron started at RAAF Pearce in Western Australia in 1942 during the Second World War, and fought in the Pacific Theatre with P40 Kittyhawks. After the war it got new P51 Mustangs and went to Japan. 

In 1950 it went to Korea to support the United Nations against North Korea. It got Meteor jets there and shot down five MiG 15s and 5,000 buildings and vehicles. 

  

  

When they went back to Australia in 1956 they got new Sabre jets. In 1958 they went to Malaya to help the Commonwealth there. They stayed there, looking after the country until 1969. Then they went back to Williamtown and got new Mirage jets, then F18 Hornets in 1987. It went to Afghanistan in 2001 and again in 2015. In 2021 it will get F35 Lightning fighters.

Jobs and planes
---------------

 A row of helmeted pilots in the cockpits of their fighter jetsPilots of No. 77 Squadron in their F/A-18 Hornets, 2010

The squadron has F18 Hornets which they got in 1987. They look after an area of sky in New South Wales.
**Al-Anṣariyyah** (or Jabal Ansāriyya, Jebel Ansariye, Djebel Ansariye, Ansariye Mountains, Ansariyah mountains Jabal an Nusayriyah, or Alaouite Mountains, Alawite Mountains (Jibal al-‘Alawiyin) or Syrian coastal range (*Silsilat al-Jibal al-Saheliyya)*) is a mountain range in Syria. The mountains range runs in a north–south direction along the coast of Syria. The range is about 120 kilometres (75 miles) long. To the west of the mountain range is the plain along the coast, and on the west is the valley of the Orontes. (The Orontes runs through the Ghab Depression.) The tallest mountains in the range are in the north: there their average height is about 3,000 feet (910 m), but in the south the average mountains are only 2,000 feet (610 m) high. The harbour city Latakia is to the west of the mountain range's highest mountain, which is 5,125 feet (1,562 m) high. Al-Ansariyyah is the only area of land in Syria which has thick forests.

At the southern end of the mountain range is the plain (the Homs Gap) which separates it from Mount Lebanon, in the country of Lebanon. On the south end is Krak de Chevaliers, a castle of the Middle Ages. In Classical Antiquity, the fresh water that came from these mountains supplied the cities of Antioch, Seleucia Pieria, Apamea, and Laodicea. Laodicea (now Latakia) was famous for its wine (from vines grown in this region), and the Roman geographer Strabo wrote that most of the wine in Alexandria in Roman Egypt came from Laodicea. Latakia was famous in the more recent past for its tobacco production.

The mountain range is the homeland of the Alawites. In the Middle Ages, during the Crusades, the Order of Assassins lived in these mountains.

People often migrate from the mountains to the plain of the coast and to the valley of the Ghab Depression, for economic reasons.
**Mirza Mahdi Elahi Qomshehei** (Persian: میرزا مهدی الهی قمشه‌ای ; January 1, 1901 – May 15, 1973), was an Iranian poet, translator of the Quran, and one of the grand Masters of the philosophical school of Tehran. He taught in Sepahsalar School, University of Tehran for 35 years.

Education
---------

He was under supervision of Grand masters from different cities such as Esfahan, Najaf, Mashhad and Tehran.

### Teachers

He had various teachers, such as Molla Muhammad Mahdi Farzaneh Qomshehei, Hasan Amin Jafari. Sheikh Muhammad Hakim Khorasani, Sayyed Hassan Modarres, Aqa Bozorge Hakim, The Grand Ayatollah Haji Aqa Hossein Qommi, Sheikh Asadollah Yazdi, Fazil, Fazin Barsi, Hajj Mirza Hasan Faqih Sabzevari Khorasani, Mirza Mahdi Esfahani, Mirza Tahir Tonekaboni.

Career
------

His Persian translation of the Quran is one of the most used, the most authentic and proper Persian translation of the Quran until the current 21st century. The translation was also honoured by the Grand Ayatollah Bojnourdi.

Pupils
------

His pupils includes Allameh Hasanzadeh, Allameh Abdollah Javadi-Amoli, Ayatollah Hajj Sayyed Muhammad Hasan Langroudi, Ayatollah Sayyed Razi Shirazi, Kazim Midir Shahnehchi, D.R Sayyed Muhammad Baqir Hojjati, Muhammad Baqir Muhaqiq, Sheikh Abdul Rahim Malakian.

Works
-----

He wrote numerous books and notes in diverse religious sciences. Including: 

* Translation of Quran
* Selected of Commentaries
* Notes on Abul Fotuh Al Razi's commentary's in 10 volumes
* Divine wisdom
* The explanation of fosus Al-Hikmah of Al-Farabi
* The philosophy of Al-Farabi
* The Divine Unity of Sages
* Mystical courses of Alavid's school
* Treatise in universal philosophy
* Treatise in degrees of love
Picture of C. N. Annadurai
**Conjeevaram Natarajan Annadurai** was an Indian politician. He was Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, South India from 1967 to 1969. He was the first member of a Dravidian Party to hold that chief minister post.

Annadurai was famous for his oration skills, dramas and literary works in Tamil. He was the first politician from the Dravidian parties to use Tamil cinema for political propaganda. Annadurai was born in a middle-class family. He first worked as a school teacher, then moved into the political field of the Madras Presidency as a journalist. He became a member of the Dravidar Kazhagam and a big follower of Periyar E. V. Ramasamy. But later Annadurai formed a new party named Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam due to differences between ideologies.

Various protests against the ruling Congress government took him to prison on several occasions; the last of which was during the Madras anti-Hindi agitation of 1965. The agitation itself helped Annadurai to gain popular support for his party. His party won a landslide victory in the 1967 state elections. He legalised Self-Respect marriages, enforced a two language policy and renamed Madras State to Tamil Nadu. However, he died of cancer just two years into office. His funeral had the highest attendance web
The **sandstone universities** are a group of Australian universities. All were founded more than 100 years ago.

Sandstone universities is located in AustraliaUniversity of SydneyUniversity of SydneyUniversity of MelbourneUniversity of MelbourneUniversity of TasmaniaUniversity of TasmaniaUniversity of AdelaideUniversity of AdelaideUniversity of QueenslandUniversity of QueenslandUniversity of Western AustraliaUniversity of Western Australiaclass=notpageimage| Sandstone Universities in Australia
The universities in the group have buildings made mostly of sandstone. Some universities, such as the private Bond University, have sandstone-plated buildings, but are not considered sandstone universities.

These universities focus on research. Their courses have a strong emphasis on theory rather than practice. Students who enter the sandstone universities come from higher income families, and graduates usually have higher paid occupations or positions of influence. This prompts claims of elitism and social division.

The first university to be established in Australia was the University of Sydney in New South Wales in 1850. It was quickly followed by the University of Melbourne in 1853.

The richest university is the University of Sydney with endowments of about 2.5 billion dollars (annual reports). The least well endowed university in the group is the University of Tasmania with $561 million.
***Imminent thunderstorm*** (also known as ***Temporale imminente***) is a 19th-century late impressionist painted in oil by Francesco Filippini. It was painted about 1890, in Milano, Italy. Is in the collection of the GAM-Gallery of Modern Art of Milan (inv. n. 7146).

Francesco Filippini, Temporale imminente, 1890, 102 x 180 cm, Civica Galleria d'arte moderna di Milano (Inv. n. 7146)

Description
-----------

The conception of the work is of absolute avant-garde, of landscape, in which the vision is placed like the will of a bird from above, granting a unique and immersive perspective in the work and in the metrological change of the sky, waiting for the storm on the mountain. The presence of men and animals from that height are completely undefined but they protest their presence in the landscape.
The composition with aerial vision has a completely dilated perspective, bringing the possibility of looking beyond all limits, where the horizon is not defined by the creation of an arc that is one with the sky without a line of fracture through the sky and the earth.

Exhibition history
------------------

* Milan, Galleria Pesaro, 1930, p. 9
* *Francesco Filippini*, un protagonista del Naturalismo, 1999

Bibliography
------------

* S. Pagani, 1955, 2. 258
* Luciano Caramel, C. Pirovano, 1975, p. 138, t. 914
* Luciano Anelli, 1985, p. 58
* *Francesco Filippini*, un protagonista del Naturalismo, Ed. Skira, 1999, p. 150

Other websites
--------------

* Francesco Filippini
The **Swedish Transport Agency** (Swedish: *Transportstyrelsen*) is a Swedish government agency under the Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications. It was formed on 1 January 2009, through a merger of several government agencies, including the Civil Aviation Administration.

It has its headquarters in Norrköping, Sweden.

The agency regulates and inspects transportation systems in Sweden.

Law-breaking and the following loss of security for the agency's computer system
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See the main article: Swedish Transport Agency's law-breaking of security for computer system
The chief of the agency, Maria Ågren, lost her job in January 2017.

On 27 July 2017 the prime minister announced that two ministers will leave their job: Interior Minister Anders Ygeman and Infrastructure Minister Anna Johansson; this happened because "a no-confidence motion against three of the government's ministers by the opposition Alliance coalition".
The **Khambana Kao Phaba** (English: Khamba capturing the bull) is an oil canvas painting by Manipuri artist M Betombi Singh. The painting shows the capture of powerful Kao bull by hero Khamba. It is one of the most well known museum series "Exhibit of the Month" of the *Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya* (IGRMS) in India. It was exhibited for a whole month of July, 2019.

Title and Subject
-----------------

The painting shows an epic legend of Ancient Moirang Kingdom. Angom Nongban Kongyamba, the villain, was jealous of Khuman Khamba, the hero. So, he set a death-trap of Khamba. The hero was asked to capture the giant bull. But Kongyamba's dream of Khamba being killed by the bull was not fulfilled. 
Khamba knew the secrecy of the bull. The bull was once the head of Khamba's father's cattle herd. During the capture, Khamba whispered his father's name to the bull's ear. He 
also showed a silk rope to the bull. The bull recognised Khamba. So, the wild beast was tamed.

History
-------

The artwork was painted by late artist M Betombi Singh in the Sana Konung Palace in Imphal, Manipur. The artist was 93 years old when he completed the artwork. In 2001, the painting was registered into the permanent collection of the Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya (IGRMS) Museum. After that, the artwork was visited by many well known people including RK Chaturvedi, AS&FA, Union Ministry of Culture of India. The painting was kept in Veeth Sankul indoor exhibitions and library of the museum.

Exhibition
----------

In July of 2019, the painting was introduced as the "Exhibit of the Month" of the Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya (IGRMS) by RK Chaturvedi, AS&FA, Union Ministry of Culture of India. The exhibition was curated by Nongmaithem Sakamacha. Sakamacha was the Museum Associate of Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya (IGRMS), Bhopal, India.

Other websites
--------------

* "Traditional Manipuri painting 'Khambana Kao Phaba' on display". *manipur.org*.
**Australian cuisine** is the food and cooking practices of Australia and its inhabitants. Australia has absorbed culinary contributions and adaptations from various cultures around the world, including British, European, Asian and Middle Eastern. 

Australian cuisine in the 21st century reflects the influence of globalisation, with many fast-food restaurants and international trends becoming influential. Australia exports many agricultural products, including cattle, sheep, poultry, milk, vegetables, fruit, nuts, wheat, barley and canola. Australia also produces wine, beer and soft drinks.

While fast food chains are abundant, Australia's metropolitan areas have restaurants that offer both local and international foods.

Game meats of Australia* Kangaroo steakKangaroo steak
* A crocodile dishA crocodile dish
Fish and other seafood dishes in Australia* BarramundiBarramundi
* Confit of Tasmanian ocean troutConfit of Tasmanian ocean trout
Tea and coffee in Australia* A traditional billycan on a campfire, used to heat water, typically for brewing teaA traditional billycan on a campfire, used to heat water, typically for brewing tea
* A flat white featuring latte artA flat white featuring latte art
* A caffè latte featuring latte artA caffè latte featuring latte art
* A cup of hot MiloA cup of hot Milo

A Granny Smith apple
**Global dimming** is the slow decrease in the irradiance at the Earth's surface. Irradiance is the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area. One of the possible causes of global dimming is pollution. It affects the water cycle by decreasing evaporation and by decreasing the rain in some areas. Global dimming also causes the earth to cool down. This cooling effect may cover the effect of greenhouse gases caused by global warming.

Causes and effects
------------------

Air pollutants absorb solar energy and reflect sunlight back into space. The pollutants can also become the core for cloud droplets. Water droplets in clouds fuse around the pollutants. More pollutants create clouds with more number of smaller droplets. The smaller droplets make clouds to reflect more light. This causes more sunlight to be reflected back into space and less light reaches the Earth's surface.

Clouds stop the heat from both going in and out from the earth. This process is complex and it changes according to the time, location and the height above the sea level. During the day, more sunlight stops from going in. This cools down the Earth. During the night, the heat in earth stops from going out. This slows down the heat from going out the earth.

Volcanic ash can also stops the sunlight from going in and out from the earth. Decreases in the earth's temperatures are observed after large volcanic eruptions. Some examples are the eruptions of Mount Agung in Bali that erupted in 1963, El Chichon (Mexico, 1983), Ruiz (Colombia, 1985), and Mount Pinatubo (Philippines, 1991). Even for large eruptions, the ash clouds do not stay for a long time.

Relationship to water cycle
---------------------------

Global dimming is harming the water cycle of the earth. It reduces the rain, which is very important for the fresh water. In 2001, researchers did a study at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The research suggested that the pollutants have a bad effect on the water cycle. Another global dimming event happened in 2006 in northern hemisphere during hurricane season. The NASA study found that the big dust storms happened in Sahara Desert during June and July cause the dust to go over the Atlantic Ocean. The dust forms a cover over the ocean and causes it to cool down. This reduces the hurricanes' development.
**Click through rate** (**CTR**) is a measurement used in online Advertising. Email campaigns and Search Results. Click through rate is given as a percentage. If an advertisement has a click through rate of 5%, this means out of 100 people who saw the advertisement, 5 people clicked the link and reached the target website.

History
-------

Click though rate has decreased significantly over the past years. In 1994, an advertisement was placed by AT&T on the website HotWired. This is considered as the world's first digital advertisement. This ad had a CTR of 44%. This means out of 100 people who saw the ad, 44 clicked on the ad and landed on the AT&T website.  In 2020 Google ads has a CTR of 3.17% meaning out of 100 people seeing the ad, only about 3 people will click and go the advertiser's website.

Email Campaigns
---------------

An email campaign is sending out emails to a large number of recipients at a time to promote a product or service. CTR in email campaigns is the number of people who clicked the link in the email and landed on the sender's website. In 2020 the average CTR for email campaigns is 2.62.

Search Engine Rankings
----------------------

CTR is an important factor in Search Engines like Google. For a search term, Google will display 10 results. If the number of users clicking on the 2nd result is more than the number clicking on the 1st result, with time the 2nd result will move up because of it's high CTR. Similarly CTR affects the ranking of video sharing sites like YouTube.
**Second homes** are generally bought for holiday use by wealthy people whose main home is in a city. The holiday homes are generally in rural and seaside areas. In some places this is seen as a good thing - bringing money into the area. In other places its seen as a problem - pushing up prices so local people cannot buy a home and leaving the area half empty outside the holiday season. 

In Sweden and Finland about 20% of houses in the late 1990s were second homes. In Spain it was 16%, Italy and Greece both 14%. in 2018-19 there were 772,000 households in England with second homes. In 2023 foreigners bought nearly 40% of houses for sale in Mallorca, Menorca and Ibiza. A referendum on banning building new second homes in Switzerland was passed, with the support of 50.6%. In 2016, 83% of voters in St Ives agreed in a referendum that it should be a requirement for new homes to be occupied as the owner’s main residence.

There has long been resentment of second home owners in Wales, and this is partly because of the effect on prices and partly about protecting the Welsh language. About two hundred holiday homes were burned down in the 1980s and 90s. The Welsh government has altered the planning, property and taxation rules to discourage second homes.
Larry Holmes in 2010
**Larry Holmes** (born on November 3, 1949) was an American boxer. He held the World Heavyweight Championship from 1978 to 1985. Holmes fought out of Easton, Pennsylvania. He was nicknamed the "Easton Assassin."

Holmes won the vacant World Boxing Council championship from Ken Norton in 1979. He defended that title, and later the International Boxing Federation title, twenty times. Some notable fighters he beat in defense of his championship were Muhammad Ali, Leon Spinks, Gerry Cooney, and Tim Witherspoon. He lost his championship to Michael Spinks in 1985.

Holmes later fought Mike Tyson and then Evander Holyfield to try and win back the championship. Tyson knocked him out in the fourth round and Holyfield beat him by a twelve-round decision.

Holmes continued to fight until 2002.

Other websites
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* Boxing Record Archived 2003-02-01 at the Wayback Machine

|
|  |
| Preceded byKen Norton |  **World Heavyweight Champion**9 Jun 1978 – 21 Sept 1985 | Succeeded byMichael Spinks |
The **King Fahad Mosque** is a mosque in Culver City, California. It is significant in the Muslim community. A mosque is the main public building in Islam. As a gift to the Muslim community of Southern California from Saudi Arabia, Prince Abdulaziz Bin Fahad Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud, Minister of State and Cabinet Member, provided funding for the land in 1993. King Fahad pledged funds for the construction of the building in 1995. It will serve as a religious and educational center for both Muslims and non-Muslims, worldwide.

Inside the Mosque, the Qiblah (direction of prayer) was built facing towards the Ka'ba (mosque) in the city of Makkah in Saudi Arabia. This is the direction that all Muslims face when they pray. Following Islamic tradition, there is a marble facade, hand made tiles from Turkey, and a 72 foot high minaret topped with a gold leaf crescent. The minaret is an architectural symbol of Islam.

The building covers 63,000 square feet (5,900 square metres). It is has a central prayer area, an auditorium, conference rooms, and modern amenities for wudu (a-self-purification process performed before prayer).

The King Fahad Mosque is located at 10980 Washington Boulevard in Culver City, California. It is open daily for all five prayers. Owned and operated by The Islamic Foundation of Shaikh Ibn Taimmiyyah, the entire project was guided by Director General, Dr. Khalil Al Khalil. The Islamic Foundation of Shaikh Ibn Taimmiyyah is located across the street from The King Fahad Mosque at 11004 Washington Boulevard.

Sheikh Al - Islam Ibn Taymiyah Foundation
-----------------------------------------

Ibn Taymiyah Foundation has supervised the project of King Fahad Mosque in Los Angeles since its beginning. It is responsible for management and future activities. The establishment of this foundation dates back to 1400 AH (1980 CE). Its activities began in the "Muslim Student House" in the city's western area. The idea developed further and a house was purchased in the same area for prayers, lectures and Dawa activities.

The foundation is an Islamic charity organization legally recognized by United States authorities. It is exempted from taxes, entitled to own property and practice religious, educational, informational and intellectual activities throughout the United States. 

The foundation's established objectives are:

* "Propagation of Islam in the light of the Glorious Quran and Traditions of Prophet Muhammad in keeping with the method of the righteous predecessors."
* "Preserving of the Islamic Faith, unifying Muslim ranks to regain their rights and be proud of their religion and civilization."
* "Construction of mosques, schools and colleges, organization of conferences and publication of books."
* "Linking Muslims in America with their Muslim brothers everywhere."
* "Enhancing cordial and humanitarian relations with various foundations, engaging into a mutual dialogue based on justice and pride."

The foundation supervises two other mosques: 

* Masjid al Salam in central Los Angeles
* Riverside Mosque

The foundation supervises "Zamzam Schools" for girls' education and the memorization of the Qur'an.
A tire for a car
Old advertisement for bicycle tire
A **tire** is a ring of material that covers the rim of a wheel. Most road vehicles and many other vehicles use rubber tires. Tires help vehicles to move smoothly. Some metro trains and trams also use rubber tires on their steel wheels to provide better traction than the steel tires of other trains.

Tires need to be changed after their treads wear away. Driving with worn tires is very dangerous. It can cause the tire to explode and the driver to lose control.

Tires were made of leather for thousands of years, and of iron or steel for hundreds. Pneumatic tires were invented in the 1840s and again in the 1880s. They became commonplace early in the 20th century.

Construction
------------

Tires are made of different types of rubber. Softer rubber is used in summer or when the tires need better traction, for example, in auto racing. Tires made of harder rubber are made for long lasting performance, like long-distance truck carriers. There are many different types of tires. They come in different sizes and have different tread patterns. 

There are many different sizes of tires. On car and truck tires, they are marked with 3 numbers and might look like: 225/60R16. The first number is the width in millimeters of the tire at the widest point when it is mounted and inflated. The second number is the sidewall (side of the tire) height as a ratio or percentage of the width. The last number is the wheel diameter in inches.

Example
Tire size: 225/60R16

Tire width = 225mm
Sidewall height = 135mm (225 \* .60 = 135)
Wheel diameter = 16 inches
Very large tires (for example, tires on big mining trucks) use different units. For example: 59/80R63. The first number is the width in inches of the tire. The second number is the sidewall height as a ratio of the width. The last number is the wheel diameter in inches.

Tire damage
-----------

Most tires today do not have a tube inside of them. There are grooves in the wheel that let the tire be popped into place and hold a lot of air pressure. If there is a crack in the tire, it will not be able to hold its air. Tire leaks are very common. The most common cause is a hole from a nail or screw. This can usually be fixed by patching the inside of the tire so that it can hold air again. If the hole is close to or in the side of the tire, it can not be fixed. This is because the sides of the tire flexes to support the weight of the vehicle. A patch will not be able to handle the stress.

Mud and snow tires
------------------

Mud and Snow, (or M+S, or M&S), is a designation used by manufacturers for all-season and winter tires. Most are designed to provide improved performance under low temperature conditions, compared to summer tires. The tread compound is usually softer than that used in tires for summer conditions. This provides better grip on ice and snow, but wears more quickly at higher temperatures. Tires may have well above average numbers of sipes in the tread pattern to grip the ice. M&S relates to the percentage of tread void area. On four-wheel drive vehicles, M&S tires are often standard equipment.
The 95 Theses
The ***Ninety-Five Theses on the Power of Indulgences***, commonly known as ***The Ninety-Five Theses***, was written by Martin Luther.

Luther argued that the Church should not sell indulgences. Because many people agreed, Luther became very popular, paving the way for the Protestant Reformation.

On October 31, 1517, Luther approached the church authorities with his pressing call for reform. On this day he presented them with his theses. When the bishops did not respond, Luther circulated his theses privately. The theses spread quickly and were printed in Nuremberg, Leipzig, and Basel.

Most recently, in February 2007, the media reported that a handwritten note by Luther's secretary Georg Rörer, found in the university library at Jena, appeared to confirm the traditional account of Luther's nailing the theses to the door. As of February 2007, this new find has yet to be assessed by scholars.

Bibliography
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* Erwin Iserloh The Theses Were Not Posted: Luther Between Reform and Reformation. trans. by Jared Wicks, S.J.. Boston: Beacon Press, 1968.

Other websites
--------------


Wikisource has original writing related to this article:
**95 Theses**

* Project Wittenberg: 95 Theses by Dr. Martin Luther (1517)
* BELIEVE Religious Information Source


Latin Wikisource has original writing related to this article:
**Disputatio pro declaratione virtutis indulgentiarum**
**The tragedy of the commons** was an article published by Garrett Hardin in the journal *Science* in 1968. It describes a problem where many people with their own ideas can make something they all share worse, even if no one wants to. For example, even if no one wants to pollute water because that makes it unhealthy, it can still end up like that because so many want to use the water for their own reasons, like washing and throwing away rubbish. Each person thinks that their small bit of pollution of the water is too small to affect the quality of the water, but because there are many people the total effect ends up making the water too polluted for mostly anybody to use for drinking or even washing. This may occur in slums and other overcrowded places like refugee camps.

The idea was not Hardin's, but a person named William Forster Lloyd who wrote about it in 1833. In those days herders often grazed cows on common land. Lloyd pointed out that each cow added benefit to its owner but damaged the land overall for all herders by overgrazing.

The tragedy of the commons is often used in modern debates on ecology and externality. It is also a topic in game theory.