recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
A hyperparasitoid chalcid wasp on the cocoons of its host, a braconid wasp. The victim is itself a parasitoid of Lepidoptera
A hyperparasitic microsporidian, the fungus *Nosema podocotyloidis*, is a parasite of the trematode *Podocotyloides magnatestis*. The trematode is itself a parasite of the fish *Parapristipoma octolineatum*.
A **hyperparasite** is a parasite (or parasitoid) which is parasitic on another parasite. Usually, this means it is parasitic on the larval stage of the victim species.

Typical examples are members of the Apocrita, and some species in two other insect orders, the Diptera (true flies) and Coleoptera (beetles). Seventeen families in the Hymenoptera and a few species of Diptera and Coleoptera are hyperparasitic.

Primary parasitism in the Hymenoptera evolved in the Jurassic period about 135 million years ago.

In literature
-------------

Jonathan Swift refers to hyperparasitism in these lines from his poem   
"On Poetry: A Rhapsody":

So nat'ralists observe, a flea  

Hath smaller fleas that on him prey;  

And these have smaller fleas to bite 'em.  

And so proceeds *ad infinitum*.

Number of levels
----------------

Three levels of parasitism have been seen in fungi (a fungus on a fungus on a fungus on a tree).
**Heavy metals** are metals or chemical compounds containing metals with relatively high density, high atomic weights, or atomic numbers. 

This might mean up to 96 out of the 118 known chemical elements. Mercury, lead and bismuth are examples. The term is widely used in science. They have a density of more than 5 g/cm3. All of them are denser than iron

The term is sometimes used for any toxic metal, or metalloid such as arsenic, regardless of density.

The term heavy metals includes chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, silver, gold, cadmium, antimony, mercury, thallium, tungsten, platinum and lead. 

The heaviest metal by density is osmium. Although most heavy metals are toxic, not all of them are. For example, gold, which is one of the heaviest metals, is non-toxic and chemically inert in the body. Some gold compounds are toxic, however. More specific definitions of a heavy metal have been proposed but none is widely used.

Heavy metals are scarce in the Earth's crust because most have sunk into the Earth's core. Many are used in modern life. They are used, for example, in golf clubs, cars, antiseptics, self-cleaning ovens, plastics, solar panels, mobile phones, and particle accelerators.

Related pages
-------------

* Hyperaccumulator
The Heaviside step function, using the half-maximum convention
The **Heaviside function**, often written as *H*(x), is a non-continuous function whose value is zero for a negative input and one for a positive input.

The function is used in the mathematics of control theory to represent a signal that switches on at a specified time, and which stays switched on indefinitely. It was named after the Englishman Oliver Heaviside.

The Heaviside function is the integral of the Dirac delta function: *H*′(x) = *δ*(x). This is sometimes written as

{\displaystyle H(x)=\int \_{-\infty }^{x}{\delta (t)}\mathrm {d} t}

Discrete form
-------------

We can also define an alternative form of the Heaviside step function as a function of a discrete variable *n*:

{\displaystyle H[n]={\begin{cases}0,&n<0\\1,&n\geq 0\end{cases}}}
where *n* is an integer.

Or

{\displaystyle H(x)=\lim \_{z\rightarrow x^{-}}((|z|/z+1)/2)}
The discrete-time unit impulse is the first difference of the discrete-time step

{\displaystyle \delta \left[n\right]=H[n]-H[n-1].}
This function is the cumulative summation of the Kronecker delta:

{\displaystyle H[n]=\sum \_{k=-\infty }^{n}\delta [k]\,}
where

{\displaystyle \delta [k]=\delta \_{k,0}\,}
is the discrete unit impulse function.

Representations
---------------

Often an integral representation of the Heaviside step function is useful:

{\displaystyle H(x)=\lim \_{\epsilon \to 0^{+}}-{1 \over 2\pi \mathrm {i} }\int \_{-\infty }^{\infty }{1 \over \tau +\mathrm {i} \epsilon }\mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {i} x\tau }\mathrm {d} \tau =\lim \_{\epsilon \to 0^{+}}{1 \over 2\pi \mathrm {i} }\int \_{-\infty }^{\infty }{1 \over \tau -\mathrm {i} \epsilon }\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {i} x\tau }\mathrm {d} \tau .}

*H*(0)
------

The value of the function at 0 can be defined as *H*(0) = 0, *H*(0) = ½ or *H*(0) = 1. In particular:

{\displaystyle H(x)={\frac {1+\operatorname {sgn}(x)}{2}}={\begin{cases}0,&x<0\\{\frac {1}{2}},&x=0\\1,&x>0.\end{cases}}}

Related pages
-------------

* Laplace transform
* Step function
There were several cases of mob-related violence, after rumours of child abduction and organ harvesting. The cases happened in rural India. They are known as **Indian WhatsApp lynchings** today. The application WhatsApp, which runs on mobile phones was used to spread the rumours.

The murders started in May 2017, when seven men were killed in Jharkhand. These cases did not get national attention until the following year. 

The messages that are circulated are false. They contain some local details. Sometimes a real video is attached to the message, or claim. 

  

In almost all of the lynching locations, no child abductions had been recorded in the previous three months.

Most of the attacks have occurred in villages. The lynch mobs included men, women and children. In some cases the mobs were composed largely of illiterate or poorly educated men that were unemployed or working as day labourers; often, they were under the influence of alcohol at the time of the attack. In at least some of the cases prime instigators have used child-abduction fears to stir up the violence and settle old scores.
**Human rights in Kyrgyzstan** improved after the ouster of President Askar Akayev in the 2005 Tulip Revolution and the installment of a more democratic government under Roza Otunbayeva. While the country is performing well compared to other states in Central Asia, many human rights violations still take place. Especially LGBT rights have been getting worse in recent years, freedom of press on the contrary has been improving.

LGBT rights
-----------

Both male and female same-sex sexual activity are legal in Kyrgyzstan, but same-sex marriage is not recognised and even explicitly banned in the constitution since 2016. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people continue to face ill-treatment, extortion, and discrimination by state and non-state actors.

Domestic violence against LGBT minors is a major issue and victims have limited access to government support. LGBT people are often unable to seek protection because of violence and other abuses by law enforcement agencies. Ill-treatment against LGBT people by law enforcement authorities is a systemic phenomenon in Kyrgyzstan according to Kyrgyz Indigo, a local LGBT advocacy group.

Various nationalist groups threatened LGBT interest groups during demonstrations in 2019, several parliament members responded by expressing their aversion to same sex couples, where one member said LGBT people should be "not just cursed, but beaten." 

Transgender people are allowed to change legal gender in Kyrgyzstan, but require undergoing sex reassignment surgery. The first such surgery was performed in Bishkek in January 2014.
**Instant runoff voting** is a method of electing one political candidate to office from a list of more than two, but it can also be used for other group decisions. Voters rank the candidates from favorite to least favorite, with only their top choices being counted each time. Ballots are counted, and a series of simulated rounds is conducted. If no candidate has a majority of the votes in any round, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated, and those voters' next choice votes are then counted. This is repeated until a candidate has a majority.

Instant runoff voting has been used in Australia's lower house for more than 80 years. That house is strongly dominated by two parties. It has also been used to elect mayors in some cities in the United States. Voter turn out is typically the same as with plurality voting.

Proponents believe instant runoff voting allows them to vote for their first choice candidate and still help the lessor of evils if the first choice is eliminated. They believe Instant Runoff Voting to be the only way let voters vote their true intentions and undermine the two-party system. By having more candidates on the ballot, incumbents are more likely to be kicked out of office.

Opponents argue that if at least three candidates have a chance of winning, voting for one's favorite could cause a compromise candidate to lose in the first round. Their favorite might then lose against the least preferred candidate in the second round. Voters' votes cannot be transferred to their second choice if their second choice is eliminated before their first choice is. Voters often use their first choice vote for a compromise vote, the same as with plurality.

While theoretically simple, instant runoff voting often requires computers because the rankings on each ballot matter for determining the elimination order and can not be counted in aggregate. Opponents of Instant runoff voting often oppose computer counting of ballots, since it is difficult for ordinary citizens to count the ballots by hand and catch any fraud. The fact that a candidate has fewer votes does not mean the candidate is less popular but that the candidate was squeezed out on both sides of the political spectrum. Instant runoff voting can eliminate centrists in the last elimination.
The situation of Human Rights in Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان میں انسانی حقوق‎) is complex as a result of the country's diversity, large population, its status as a developing country and a sovereign Islamic democracy with a mixture of both Islamic and secular law. The Constitution of Pakistan provides for fundamental rights. The Clauses also provide for an independent Supreme Court, separation of executive and judiciary, an independent judiciary, independent Human Rights commission and freedom of movement within the country and abroad. However these clauses are not respected in practice.

LGBT concerns
-------------

See the main article: LGBT rights in Pakistan
Homosexuality is illegal *per se*. Criminal sanctions against LGBT people in Pakistan tend to come from several very broadly traditional cultured and Neo-Conservative ideology against perceived "immorality". Additionally the Government of Pakistan has itself admitted on several occasions that it has absolutely no control over the Military of Pakistan and related security agencies.
Crossing over takes place between the chromatids of the two homologous parent chromosomes. Maternal chromatids are red; paternal chromatids are blue. Lines point to the chiasmata (cross overs)
**Homologous chromosomes** are the pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism. They are the chromosomes which pair during meiosis.

With the exception of the sex chromosomes, each pair has the gene loci in the same positions on each chromosome, and the centromere in the same position. They are not genetically identical because they will usually have different alleles (versions of a gene) at some of the loci.

The most important fact is that homologous chromosomes physically pair for meiosis, the cell division which produces the gametes. During this pairing, crossing over takes place between chromatids of each pair. This exchange of alleles means the offspring are not identical to each other, or to either parent. In other words, the process increases the genetic variation in the population.

Sex chromosomes only pair along those parts where there is similar genetic material (loci) on both members of the pair.
Henry Walter Bates
Bates in the Amazon
**Henry Walter Bates** (Leicester, 8 February 1825 – London, 16 February 1892) was an English biologist who explored the Amazon Rainforest.

This naturalist and explorer gave the first scientific account of mimicry in animals. Batesian mimicry is named after him. He was most famous for his expedition to the Amazon River basin with Alfred Russel Wallace in 1848. He spent 11 years in the rain forest.

When Bates arrived home in 1859, he had sent back over 14,000 species (mostly of insects) of which 8,000 were new to science.

The great adventure
-------------------

In 1847 Wallace and Bates discussed the idea of an expedition to the Amazon basin. The plan was to defray expenses by sending specimens back to London, where an agent would sell them for a commission. Also, for the travellers to "*gather facts towards solving the problem of the origin of species*", as Wallace put it in a letter to Bates.

The two friends, who were both by now experienced amateur entomologists, met in London to prepare themselves by viewing South American plants and animals in the main collections.

Bates and Wallace sailed from Liverpool in April 1848, arriving in Pará (now Belém) at the end of May. For the first year they settled in a villa near the city, collecting birds and insects. After that they agreed to collect independently.

Eventually, Bates' health deteriorated and he returned to England, sending his collection by three different ships. He didn't want to put all his insects into one boat. Bates wrote a famous book on his experiences: *The naturalist on the river Amazons*.

* Bates H.W. 1863. *The naturalist on the river Amazons*. 2 vols, Murray, London.
* Bates H.W. 1878. *Central America, the West Indies and South America, with ethnological notes by A.H. Keane*. Stanford, London; second and revised edition 1882.
**Henry the Young King** (28 February 1155 – near Limoges, France, 11 June 1183) was the junior king to his father Henry II of England. He was crowned king in 1170, but never actually used the power. The meaning of this is that Henry II's territory covered much of northern France as well as England and Ireland. The idea may have been to have an official deputy for legal actions when Henry was in France, and to indicate the succession to the throne. In practice, Young Henry was not interested in government. According to his tutor, William Marshal, he spent his time in France going from one knights' tournament to another.

The boy was married as a child to Marguerite of France (1158–1197), daughter of the French King Louis VII. The intention was political, but it did not work. War came between Henry II and Louis. Henry joined in rebellions directed at his father. A civil war (1173/74) occurred in which Young Henry and his mother, with Scots and French support, fought against Henry II. The king won, just. Young Henry died ten years later, of dysentery. As he died before his father he never achieved power.
This article is about the autonomous community in Spain. For the kingdom, see Kingdom of Galicia. For the region in Eastern Europe, see Galicia (Eastern Europe).

**Galicia** or **Galiza** is a nationality in Spain that became a Spanish autonomous community in 1978. It is in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. It shares borders with Portugal to the South and the communities of Castile and León and Asturias to the east.

History
-------

Galicia is a green country with Celtic features. Since re-gaining autonomy in 1978, Galicia has been governed by the Xunta de Galicia (government of Galicia). Galicia was strictly governed from 1990 until 2005, during the Manuel Fraga years. The Xunta de Galicia was then under a socialist president Emilio Perez Touriño, who had made Galicia more liberal than ever before, until 2009. From March 2009 Partido Popular (right-wing party) won power and the new president is Alberto Núñez Feijoo, who won a second term as president in 2012.

Language
--------

Galicia has one main language:*Galician* "galego". It has many similarities with Portuguese. Galego and Portuguese have the same origin. Spanish is also spoken in Galicia, but mainly as a second language.

Cuisine
-------

Galicia is very famous for its fishing industry and seafood remains an important part of its cuisine. A very popular dish in Galicia is *polbo á feira*, ("polbo" means octopus). There are many restaurants that serve seafood in Galicia.

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**Henry Sloan** (January 1870 – 13 March 1948?) was an African American musician. He played the Delta Blues and is known for teaching Charlie Patton to play the blues, and moved to Chicago after World War I.

Life
----

### Early life

David Evans says that Sloan was born in Mississippi in 1870. He moved to a Plantation near Indianola at between 1901 and 1904.

Career
------

There is a rumour that Sloan was a hobo which was seen by musician W.C. Handy playing guitar at Tutwiler train station in 1903. Handy describes him as 

>  *A lean, loose-jointed Negro [who] had commenced plucking a guitar beside me while I slept. His clothes were rags; his feet peeped out of his shoes. His face had on it some of the sadness of the ages. As he played, he pressed a knife on the strings of the guitar. ... The effect was unforgettable... The singer repeated the line ("Goin' where the Southern cross the Dog") three times, accompanying himself on the guitar with the weirdest music I had ever heard.*
> 
>
Ali Akish (on the right) and Aydar Akhatov (on the left), a prominent politician, Deputy of Parliament of Tatarstan (the 90s of last century)
ALI AKISH (January 14, 1918, Hailar, China - July 17, 2011, Ankara, Turkey) is a famous journalist, one of the leaders of the Tatar nationalist movement, the Honorary President of the World League of Tatars.

Ali Aksih was a preeminent leader of the Tatar nationalist movement in diaspora. He was born in the city of Hailar (Manchuria), where he attended a local Tatar elementary school before entering a Russian lycee. After completing the lycee in 1936, he went to study at Al-Azhar University in Cairo (Egypt), and in 1938, along with another young nationalist, Ahat Ginish, went to Poland. Akish and Ginish served as technical assistants to Ayaz Iskhaki at the Idel-Ural National Center, where the newspaper "Yanga Milli Yul" (New National Path) was published. Their work was interrupted by the invasion of Poland by the Nazi and Soviet forces.

Akish lived from 1940 to 1966 in Turkey where he was involved with the diaspora national movement. His pamphlet "Problems of Idel-Ural and Soviet Imperialism" printed in 1963 received great attention and provoked repercussions in the USSR in the form of two books, one ostensibly written by the President of the Tatar ASSR, Salikh Batiyev in 1977. In 1966 Ali Akish joined the Tatar-Bashkir Service of Radio Liberty, Inc. In 1983, he retired from this position and went again to Ankara. Over the years he wrote numerous articles in emigree publications and other forums such as Turk Kulturu, and in 1985 published a 59 page booklet, similar to his first, called "Idel-Ural'da Hurriyet Mucadelesi" (Struggle for Freedom in Idel-Ural).

In 1994, after reading Vladimir Zhirinovsky's book "Last Thrust to the South," he wrote an article for the Turkish newspaper "Milliyet" in which he denounced the Russian nationalists' imperial and anti-Turkish aspirations. The article was highly significant as one of the first published in Turkey critical of Zhirinovsky and his views.

He was able to visit Kazan, the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia. On his first visit to Kazan he brought, at his own expense, a computer that he donated to the Tatar Public Center. Akish dedicated his whole life to the liberation of the Tatar people from colonial oppression. The World Tatar League named him honorary president in recognition of his achievements. A school was named in his honor in the city of Chally (Naberezhniye Chelny) in Tatarstan.
**Land Registry** or **Her Majesty's Land Registry** is a United Kingdom government office which started in 1862. It publicly records interests in land in England and Wales. It answers to the Ministry of Justice.

Purpose
-------

The office records the owner of land and legal rights over land. It has recorded about half of the land in England and Wales, and they request owners to record the rest.

Persons make payments to the Land Registry to record land or for copies of the records. The British Government does not make payments to the Land Registry.

Offices
-------

The Land Registry has 24 offices in England and Wales and a head office at Lincoln’s Inn Fields in London, England. It wants to shut the offices in York and Harrow.

The head of the Land Registry is called the Chief Land Registrar and Chief Executive.

History
-------

In 1857 a government committee said there should be a record of land. The Land Registry started after the Land Registry Act 1862. The failure of this law led to a new law in 1875. But this law was also a failure because persons could decide if they wanted to record their land, and most persons decided not to. In 1897 a new law forced persons in London to record their land when they sold it. Step by step this law was applied to the rest of England and Wales by 1990. A new law – the Land Registration Act 2002 – modernised the law and made possible the electronic sale of land.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***HM Land Registry***.

* Land Registry website
* Registers of Scotland website Archived 2007-07-02 at the Wayback Machine
**Hala Basha-Gorani**  (Arabic: هالة غوراني; born 1 March 1970), is an American reporter for *CNN International*. She is based in the network's headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. She anchors *CNN International*'s *International Desk*.

Biography
---------

Gorani was born in Seattle, Washington, United States. Her parents are Syrians from Aleppo. Gorani was mainly raised in Paris. She lived also in Algeria. Her name *Hala* is a common Arabic name which means *halo*.

She speaks English, French and Arabic (though she can not read it). She currently lives in Atlanta. French novelist Yann Moix dedicated his first novel *Jubilation Vers le Ciel* to Gorani in 1996.

Career
------

She has established herself as a Middle East specialist and covered the Hezbollah-Israel war in the summer of 2006 from Lebanon as the main anchor for CNN International, helping the network's coverage of the Middle East win an award for "Excellence in Journalism".

Gorani also reports from Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Egypt. In April 2007, she led CNN's coverage of the 2007 French presidential election. Gorani avoids discussing her political and religious views, saying the job needs her to be neutral.

Other websites
--------------

* Official profile at CNN.com
The **Governor-General of Pakistan** was the resident representative of King George VI in Pakistan from 1947 to 1952 and then Queen Elizabeth II ("Queen of Pakistan") from 1952 until 1956 when Pakistan was proclaimed a republic.

When Pakistan became an independent, self-governing nation in 1947, it, like post-independent India, provisionally continued to use the Government of India Act 1935, as its written constitution until a post-independence constitution could be drafted; by default this contemplated the continuation of the constitutional monarchy as a Commonwealth realm Dominion. 

The monarch appointed a Governor-General, upon the advice of the Prime Minister of Pakistan to serve as de facto Head of State. 

Muhammad Ali Jinnah, considered *Quaid-e-Azam* ("Great Leader"), informed Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma: "when I am Governor-General the Prime Minister will do what I tell him to" -- however Jinnah's rapidly declining health made the issue moot.

After Jinnah's death the Governor-General of Pakistan continued to serve a larger role than the India Act prescribed, dismissing multiple Prime Ministers and consolidating power.

The office of Governor-General was replaced by the office of President of Pakistan when Pakistan became a republic in 1956. The then Governor-General, Iskander Mirza, became Pakistan's first president.

| Colour | Party |
| --- | --- |
|  | Independent / Republican Party |
|  | Pakistan Muslim League |

| Name | Portrait | Entered office | Left office | Date of Birth and Death | Political party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | 15 August 1947 | 11 September 1948 | 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948 | Muslim League |
| 2 | Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin |  | 14 September 1948 | 17 October 1951 | 19 July 1894 - 22 October 1964 | Muslim League |
| 3 | Ghulam Mohammad |  | 17 October 1951 | 6 October 1955 | 20 April 1895 - 12 September 1956 |  |
| 4 | Iskander Mirza |  | 6 October 1955 | 23 March 1956 | 13 November 1899 - 12 November 1969 | Republican Party |
A Nedić administration propaganda poster describing the negative future for Serbia if Bolshevism won the war and the positive results if Nazism won
The **Government of National Salvation** was an government in Serbia from 1941 to 1944. It is also called Nedić's government, or Nedić's regime. It was a puppet-state of Nazi Germany, who had occupied Serbia. The government operated from 29 August 1941 to 4 October 1944. Unlike the government in Croatia at the time, this government never had any international recognition. 

Many Serbs tolerated the regime. A part of the poluation actively supported it. Most Serbs found the regime unpopuilar: they supported one of the two factions, the Yugoslav Partisans or the royalist Chetniks. Both fractions were tohugh to be connected w to the Allied Powers. The Prime Minister throughout was General Milan Nedić. The Government of National Salvation was evacuated from Belgrade through Budapest to Kitzbühel in the first week of October 1944 before the German withdrawal from Serbia was complete.
This article is about the Category 1 hurricane in 2014. For other storms of the same name, see Tropical Storm Fay.

**Hurricane Fay** was a 2014 hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean. It was the first hurricane to make landfall on Bermuda since Emily in 1987. The sixth named storm and fifth hurricane of the 2014 Atlantic hurricane season, Fay formed several hundred miles northeast of the Lesser Antilles on October 10. Initially a large subtropical cyclone, the storm gradually turned into a tropical cyclone on October 11 as it turned north. Despite being disrupted by wind shear for most of its duration, Fay steadily intensified. Turning east, Fay briefly achieved Category 1 hurricane status on October. Fay made landfall on Bermuda early on October 12 as a hurricane. Wind shear finally caused Fay to weaken to a tropical storm later that day. Fay weakened into an open trough early on October 13.

A few tropical cyclone warnings and watches were issued due to Fay on Bermuda. Despite its low strength, Fay caused much damage on Bermuda. Wind gusts over 100 mph (155 km/h) blocked roads with downed trees and poles. The winds also left a majority of the island's electric customers without power. The terminal building at L.F. Wade International Airport was flooded due to damage to its roof. Along the coast, the storm destroyed numerous boats and unmoored many others. Immediately after the hurricane, 200 Bermuda Regiment soldiers were called for cleanup and to help in damage repairs. These occurred at the same time as preparations for the stronger Hurricane Gonzalo, which struck the island less than six days later and increased the damage. Fay and Gonzalo were the first pair of hurricanes to make landfall in Bermuda in the same season.

Related pages
-------------

* Hurricane Fabian (2003)
* Hurricane Gonzalo (2014)
* Hurricane Joaquin (2015)
* Hurricane Nicole (2016)

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Hurricane Fay (2014)***.

* + "Hurricane Fay's Force as viewed from Bermuda's north shore.
* Hurricane Fay advisory archive from the National Hurricane Center
* Videos from *The Royal Gazette*, hosted on YouTube:
	+ "Tropical Storm Fay"
	+ "TS Fay St Georges"
	+ "TS Fay Clean Up – Bermuda"
* Photo gallery of storm damage from *Bernews.com*, hosted on Imgur

  


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| 2 | Arthur | TD | Two | 1 | Bertha | 1 | Cristobal | TS | Dolly | 3 | Edouard | 1 | Fay | 4 | Gonzalo | TS | Hanna |

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* **Category**

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**Sir James Marriott** (29 October 1730 – 21 March 1803) was a famous British judge, politician and scholar. He is famous for being in the highest court in Britain. He judged a lot of legal trials involving boats and the British Navy, he most helped lawyers by writing a book about American law.

Life
----

James Marriott was born on 29 October 1730. In June 1746 he was sent to Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and graduated in 1751. Although he had wanted a job in the church, he decided to switch to law in 1755, maybe because his stepfather, a very good lawyer, told him to. He spent three years as librarian to the Duke of Newcastle. He joined the College of Advocates and began his legal job in which he wrote two books on law.

While he served the Duke of Newcastle, he began to flatter others with nice words, which gave him the job of Receiver of Land Tax for Suffolk, but did not do much else until King George III was made king in 1760, when he left Newcastle for the new king. In 1767 he was made king's advocate, mostly because there was no one else to do it. In 1767 he served as Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge for a year and in 1768.

For the next ten years he kept trying to get a better job, making Lord Grafton very angry in the process.In 1778 he was knighted and made the Judge of the High Court of Admiralty, responsible for cases involving boats and the Navy. His work as king's advocate was not impressive, because of his lack of good choice-making and bad courtroom behaviors, as well as his aggressive speeches against his own co-workers. In 1781 he was elected to Parliament for Sudbury. Marriott worked for Lord Shelburne, who strongly opposed war.

The French Revolutionary Wars in 1793 caused the Navy to be used more and more, which made Marriott judge on more cases than he normally would, even though he was able to make some important decisions. He was also re-elected for his Parliament job in 1796. he had supported someone else, but then changed his mind and ran for election himself. Marriott remained in Parliament until 1802, shortly before he died.

Marriott quit his job in 1798. He returned to Twinstead Hall and stayed there until he died on 21 March 1803, having rebuilt the local church. The year before he died he wrote his most important book, *Formulare instrumentarum*, a book about his job with Naval law that caused Naval law in the United States to change. He also made a lot of poems and legal books that were not important. He never married, his one try in 1760 causing both the girl and her father to say "no." Instead he took care of his mother until her death.

Other websites
--------------

* James Marriott at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)
Coordinates: 52°20′N 1°11′E﻿ / ﻿52.333°N 1.183°E﻿ / 52.333; 1.183

Reconstruction of the oak chest
"Juliana" inscribed bracelet.
Despite being a broken-off handle from an unknown object, the silver "Hoxne Tigress" has become the best-known single piece out of over 15,000 objects in the hoard.
Frontal view of the gold body chain from the Hoxne Hoard. Visible are an amethyst and four garnets; four other gems, thought to have been pearls, are missing.
The **Hoxne treasure**  is the largest find of late Roman silver and gold in Britain, and the largest collection of gold and silver coins of the fourth and fifth century found anywhere in the Roman Empire.

The treasure was found by metal detector in the village of Hoxne in Suffolk, England, on 16 November 1992. The hoard consists of 14,865 Roman gold, silver and bronze coins from the late fourth and early fifth centuries, and about 200 items of silver tableware and gold jewellery.

The objects are now in the British Museum in London, where the most important pieces and a selection of the rest are on permanent display. In 1993, the Treasure Valuation Committee valued the hoard at £1.75 million (today £3.59 million).

The hoard was buried as an oak box or small chest filled with items in precious metal, with some in smaller wooden boxes and others in bags or wrapped in fabric. Remnants of the chest, and of fittings such as hinges and locks, were recovered in the dig. The coins date the hoard to after AD 407, about the end of Britain as a Roman province.

The owners and reasons for burial of the hoard are unknown, but it was carefully packed and the contents seem what a very rich family might have owned. The lack of large silver serving vessels and of some of the most common types of jewellery, suggest that the hoard is only part of the wealth of its owner.

The Hoxne treasure contains several rare and important objects, including a gold body-chain and silver-gilt pepper-pots. The hoard was excavated by archaeologists with the items largely undisturbed and intact. The find has helped to improve the relationship between people using metal detectors and archaeologists. It has influenced a change in English law on finds of treasure.p173

Related pages
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* Thetford Hoard
Istvan Dobi (December 31 1898-November 24 1968) was the president of Hungary from 1948-1967 , he served a very long term.

Biography
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Dobi was born from a poor family, he was born in SZONY. In his childhood, he worked as a day labourer. In 1916 came into contact with the agricultural workers' movement. After having fought in the First World War, he supported the Hungarian Soviet Republic. During the Hungarian–Romanian War of 1919 he was captured by the Romanians.

Upon his release, he worked as a casual laborer and became active in the agricultural workers' union as well as in the Social Democratic Party of Hungary from the early 1920s. For this, he was put under police surveillance. In 1936 he switched to the Independent Smallholders' Party and became a functionary in the Kisalföld Chamber of Agriculture. Although he was not a member of the Communist Party, he was arrested several times during the regency of Miklós Horthy.

As head of state /post WWII
---------------------------

Dobi was appointed prime minister in 1948. He was the leader of the smallholders party , he gave up his job in 1952 to become general-secretary 

Due in part to his strong support of the Communists, he replaced fellow Smallholder Lajos Dinnyés as prime minister in December 1948, helping preside over the final stage of the Communists' complete takeover of the country. In short order, Dobi pushed out those elements of his party who were unwilling to do the Communists' bidding, leaving the party in the hands of fellow travelers like himself. This process was repeated with the other non-Communist parties as well.

Thus, by the time of the 1949 elections, Hungary was effectively a one-party state. The 1949 elections formalized this status, with voters only having the option of approving or rejecting a Communist-dominated list. One of the first acts of the newly elected National Assembly was to approve a Soviet-style constitution, formally marking the onset of out-and-out Communist rule in Hungary. The Smallholders' Party was effectively disbanded.

Presidency
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He was ceremonial president , he gave up his post as prime minister in 1952 cause MATYAS RAKOSI wanted that post for himself as general-secretary.

He was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize in 1962 , he died in Budapest in 1968.
Johann Ambrosius Bach, 1685 the year Johann was born
**Johann Ambrosius Bach** (22 February 1645 – 2 March 1695 [O.S. 20 February]) was a German musician and the father of Johann Sebastian Bach.

Ambrosius was born in Erfurt, Germany. His father, Christoph Bach (1613–1661) was also a musician, as was his twin brother Johann Christoph Bach (1645–1693). Ambrosius was employed as a violinist in Erfurt.

In 1671, Ambrosius moved his family to Eisenach, where he was employed as a court trumpeter and director of the town musicians. He married his first wife Maria Elisabeth Lämmerhirt on 1 April 1668, and they had eight children. Four of these children became musicians, including Johann Sebastian. Marie died and was buried on 3 May 1694. On 27 November 1694 Ambrosius married Barbara Margaretha. This was her third marriage; both her former husbands, including Johann Günther Bach, had died. She had two young daughters. Ambrosius became very sick, and died in Eisenach less than three months later. Barbara was unable to look after all the children, so Johann Jacob Bach and Johann Sebastian Bach, moved in with the eldest son, Johann Christoph Bach.

Other websites
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* Johann Ambrosius Bach on the Sojurn Web site
* Johann Ambrosius Bach on the Bach Cantatas Web site

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
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* VIAF
* WorldCat Identities

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| National | 
* Germany

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* MusicBrainz artist

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* Germany

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| Other | 
* RISM

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**Johan de Jong** (26 March 1941 – 7 December 2022) was a Dutch biologist, barn owl expert and writer.

De Jong dedicated his life to the barn owl. Without his efforts, the barn owl would almost certainly be extinct in the Netherlands. De Jong had a nature section at the Omrop Fryslân radio for over 36 years. He received several awards including the Friese Anjer [nl] and was inducted into the international "World Owl Hall of Fame".

Biography
---------

De Jong was born on a farm in De Folgeren [nl] near Drachten. He was the eldest of three children. His father had multiple sclerose, so at young age he helped on the farm. He became a biology teacher at the Drachtster Lyceum. He was a popular teacher and often took the students outside. Next of being a teacher, he did research on barn owls. During the night he observed born owl nests. Later he used a camera with a special lens that he borrowed of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld.

During the 1970s the barn owl was threatened with extinction. There were only about a hundred breeding pairs the Netherlands, and eight in the province of Friesland. De Jong started a rescue plan and founded in 1973 the "Tsjerkûlen Fryslân" working group. Nest boxes were placed in hundreds of barns. The number of volunteers increased and also the number of barn owl increased. In 1985 De Jong became for many years national coordinator. Without the efforts of Johan de Jong, the barn owl would almost certainly be extinct in the Netherlands.

De Jong kept a few barn owls. First in the attic of the Drachtster Lyceum and later at home. The owls had laid eggs in captivity and that had never happened anywhere before. He first talked about it on the radio in 1984. It was the start of a weekly nature section. In addition to radio work and his work for the barn owls, he was also actively involved in the bird shelter "De Fûgelhelling" in Ureterp. His last nature section was in 2021. On his retirement Omrop Fryslân founded a prize the "Johan de Jong tree". The prize is an annual prize for the best nature initiative in Friesland. The winner places the three on a location he can chose.

De Jong wrote four books. His last book was published in the summer of 2017, a reference work about the barn owl.

De Jong received several award. He became knight in the Order of Orange-Nassau, he received the "Gouden Lepelaar" (translated: Golden Spoonbill) and the 1999 Friese Anjer [nl]. In 2008, he was inducted into the "World Owl Hall of Fame", an international award for his commitment to the barn owl.

After having problems with his health for several years, he was admitted to hospital in December 2022. De Jong died two days later on 7 December 2022, at the age of 81.
***Kid Icarus*** is a platform game developed by Nintendo and Tose, and publised by Nintendo R&D1, for the Famicom Computer Disk System in Japan Nintendo Entertainment System worldwide. It was released in Japan in 1986, in Europe released in February 1987, and also in North America in July 1, 1987. It is the first part of the first *Kid Icarus* series.

The plot of *Kid Icarus* revolves around portagonist Pit's quest for the three sacred treasures, which hemust equip to rescue the Greek-inspired fantasy world Angel Land and its ruler, the goddess Palutena. Player controls Pit through platform areas while fighting some monsters and collecting all items. The objectives is to reach the end of the levels, and find Boss monsters and defeat them that guard the three treasures. It was designed by Yoshio Sakamoto, directed by Satoru Okada, and produced by Gunpei Yokoi.

*Kid Icarus* had a mixed critical reception but became a cult classic. Reviewers praised its music and its mixture of gameplay elements from different genres, but criticized its graphics and high difficulty level. It was included too in several lists of the best games compiled by *IGN* and *Nintendo Power* magazine.

Sequels
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*Kid Icarus* has followed by two sequels called *Kid Icarus: Of Myts and Monsters* released in 1991 and also *Kid Icarus: Uprising* released in 2012.
**Intel Core** is the name of a family of 32-bit dual-core microprocessors. It was made by the technology company Intel. Intel Core processors are based on Pentium M technology. Those processors are more advanced than Intel P6 processors. This architecture, or way to build a processor, is now replaced by Core 2 microarchitecture. In the Core family, there are two groups: the Duo (with two cores) and Solo (Duo with one disabled core). The Solo line replaced the Pentium M one-core processor.

In September of 2006 and January of 2008, Core CPUs stopped selling as much, as Intel released CPUs with newer technology.

Yonah
-----

Yonah is a company name for Intel's first generation of microprocessors for mobile computers. The Core Duo was released on 5 January 2006. It was the first Intel processor to be used in Apple Inc.'s Macintosh computers. Yonah does not have 64-bit function.

The **Intel Core Duo** has two cores, 2 Mebibytes of L2 cache for both cores, and an arbiter bus that controls the L2 cache and front side bus access.

The **Intel Core Solo** uses two-cores die as a Core Duo, but one core is turned off.

### Technical specifications

* 151 million transistors, with 2 MiB L2 cache.
* 2.33 – 2.50 GHz
* front side bus (FSB) is 667 MT/s (per second)
* supported by the 945GM, 945PM, 945GT, 965GM, 965PM, and 965GT chipsets

### Advantages and shortcomings

The duo version of Intel Core (Yonah) has two cores, which give performance per watt almost as good as single-core processors. In computer machines operating with batteries, this means getting as much total work done in one battery charge like in old computers.

The shortcomings of Intel Core (Yonah) are:

* 64-bit is not supported.
* Limited FPU (Floating Point Unit) throughput (amount of data computed in a certain time) for non-parallel (not at the same time) computations or single processes.
* "Performance per watt" is not better or even worse than older processors.

Core-based processor Intel Xeon Sossaman LV (low-voltage), for servers also does not have the Intel 64-bit function. All new server systems have support for x86-64, and Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 even requires a 64-bit processor to run.

On July 27, 2006, Intel released newer Core version Intel Core 2.

Related pages
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* Intel
* FSB
* Multi-core processor

Other websites
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* Intel Core Duo Web page
* Intel Core Solo Web page
* Processor comparison table
* Intel Core technical specifications Archived 2007-08-09 at the Wayback Machine
* techPowerUp! CPU Database
* Tested against AMD's 64 X2 line and Intel's own Pentium M
* Intel® Centrino® Duo Mobile Technology papers
**Guanacaste** (*Enterolobium cyclocarpum*) also known as **elephant-ear tree** or **devil's ear** is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is native to tropical regions of the Americas. It is the national tree of Costa Rica.

Common names in some other languages are:

* Spanish: *guanacaste*, *árbol de las orejas*, *parota*
* French: *bois tanniste rouge*, *oreille d'éléphant*
* German: *Affenseife*

*Enterolobium cyclocarpum*, the scientific name of the guanacaste tree was given by August Grisebach to this plant in 1864.

Synonyms
--------

* *Albizia longipes* Britton & Killip
* *Enterolobium cyclocarpa* (Jacq.) Griseb.
* *Feuilleea cyclocarpa* (Jacq.) Kuntze
* *Inga cyclocarpa' (Jacq.) Willd.*
* *Mimosa cyclocarpa* Jacq.
* *Mimosa parota* Sesse & Moc.
* *Pithecellobium cyclocarpum* (Jacq.) Mart.
* *Prosopis dubia* Kunth
* *Prosopis dubia* Guill. & Perr.

Description
-----------

Fruits of guanacaste
The guanacaste is a large tree, growing to 20–30 m (66–98 ft) tall, with a trunk up to 3 m (9.8 ft) in diameter. The bark is light gray. The crown (the upper part of tree) is broad and widely spreading. Leaves are 15 to 50 cm (5.9 to 19.7 in) long, alternate and compound.

The guanacaste is evergreen, or briefly deciduous for 1–2 months during the dry season (without rains). Most leaves fall in December, at the start of the dry season. In late February, leaves start to appear and produce a fresh, thick crown by April.

Flowers are hermaphrodite; the pollination is by insects like bees.

The fruit is a legume (also known as a pod) with the shape of a human ear.

### Where it grows

The guanacaste tree is native to tropical America. It grows from southern Mexico through Central America to northern South America. It is found also in the West Indies. It has been introduced in other tropical regions.

It grows normally at an elevation from sea level to 500 m (1,600 ft), usually along the coast and rivers.

Uses
----

The wood is reddish-brown, lightweight and water-resistant; it is used to make objects like doors, windows, furniture, cabinets, and for shipbuilding. It is used also as firewood.

Gallery
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* Branches and foliage of a young Enterolobium cyclocarpumBranches and foliage of a young *Enterolobium cyclocarpum*
* Flowers of guanacasteFlowers of guanacaste
* Fruits of guanacasteFruits of guanacaste
* Guanacaste tree in Liberia, Costa RicaGuanacaste tree in Liberia, Costa Rica
* Coat of arms of Guanacaste ProvinceCoat of arms of Guanacaste Province

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Enterolobium cyclocarpum***.

Wikispecies has information on: ***Guanacaste***.

* *Enterolobium cyclocarpum* in Encyclopedia of Life
* *Enterolobium cyclocarpum* in Árboles de Centroamérica PDF