recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Underwood

***The Sound of Music Live!*** was a live television production of the musical *The Sound of Music*. It was telecast on NBC Thursday evening December 5, 2013 between 8 and 11 p.m. ET.

Characters
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The production starred Carrie Underwood as Maria von Trapp. Others in the cast included Stephen Moyer as Georg von Trapp, Audra McDonald as Mother Abbess, Laura Benanti as Elsa Schrader, and Christian Borle as Max Detweiler.

Background
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The production was based on the original 1959 Broadway musical by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, rather than the 1965 movie adaptation starring Julie Andrews.

Reviews
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Critics said that Underwood sang well, but she received poor reviews for her acting. The *New York Times* wrote that Underwood's "bloodless performance put a damper on the night" and described her as "sleepwalking". The greatest praise was given to Laura Benanti as Elsa Schrader who was said to have "had all the sparkle and mischief that Ms. Underwood, as Maria, lacked." The *Times* closed their review with, "It was a live performance of a legendary musical that felt muted and a little sad."
Person A (actually a computer) and Person B both say that they are human. Person C tries to find out whether Person A or Person B is the computer or the human.
The **Turing test** is a test to see if a computer can interact with a person. The human should not be able to realise it is interacting with a computer. 

Alan Turing thought that if a human could not tell the difference between another human and the computer, then the computer had shown intelligent behaviour.

Test setup
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A person has a telegraph, and is connected to two communication partners. One of the two correspondents is a machine. The person can ask anything with the telegraph. If the person cannot tell which of the two is the machine more than 50% of the time, then the machine is said to be *intelligent*.

Later on, people narrowed down the test. A human is unlikely to know everything. Therefore, both the human and the machine would be specialists in some field of knowledge. So would the person asking.

Media
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The comic strip Dilbert makes several mentions to the PHB (Pointy Haired Boss) failing the Turing test.

Related pages
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* AlphaGo

Other websites
--------------

* "Machines Who Think, on season 2, episode 5". *PBS*. Scientific American Frontiers. Chedd-Angier Production Company. 1991–1992. Archived from the original on 2006.
The Siegessaule in Berlin.
The Statue of Victoria
The audio speaker iconSiegessäule (help·info) or *Victory Column* is a famous sight in Berlin.

It was designed after 1864 to remember Prussia winning the Danish-Prussian war. By the time it was finished on 2 September 1873 Prussia had also beat Austria in the Austro-Prussian War (1866) and France in the Franco-Prussian War (1870/1871). A bronze sculpture of Victoria was added. *Victoria* was 8.3 m (27 ft) high and weighed 35 tonnes. Berliners like to give nicknames to famous buildings. They call the statue *Goldelse*, meaning something like "Golden Lizzy". She also has the nickname of "Chick on a Stick".

The column was built in the Königsplatz, now the Platz der Republik, in front of the Reichstag building. It had three blocks of sandstone decorated by cannons taken from the enemies in the three wars. In 1938 the column was moved to its present location, and a fourth ring, decorated with golden garlands was added.

Around the base are four bronze reliefs showing the three wars and the winning army marching into Berlin. They were made by four Berlin sculptors:

* Moritz Schulz (1825 – 1904)
* Karl Keil (1838 – 1889)
* Alexander Calandrelli (1834-1903)
* and Albert Wolff (1814 – 1892)

These reliefs were taken away in 1945. The French occupying army did not want to remind Germans about old victories. French president François Mitterrand returned the reliefs in time for Berlin's 750th anniversary of Berlin.

The monument is now on the *Großer Stern* (Great Star). Many roads meet here, so there are four tunnels under the roads to the monument, and it is possible to climb the steps inside the column and look out over Berlin. If the Nazis had not moved the column it would probably have been destroyed in World War II.

The column is in Wim Wenders' film *Wings of Desire*. In the film it is the place where angels meet. The golden statue on the column was in the music video to U2's "Stay (Faraway, So Close!)" and inspired Paul van Dyk's 1998 trance music hit, "For an Angel".

"El Ángel" in Mexico City looks a lot like the Berlin victory column.

The Victory Column is open every day: April-October 9:30am-6:30pm November-March 9:30am-5:30pm.

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Siegessäule Berlin***.

Coordinates: 52°30′52″N 13°21′00″E﻿ / ﻿52.51444°N 13.35000°E﻿ / 52.51444; 13.35000
**Robert Blake** (born **Michael James Vincenzo Gubitosi**; September 18, 1933 – March 9, 2023), was an American actor. In 1975, he won an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award.

Early life
----------

Robert Blake was born Michael James Gubitosi in Nutley, New Jersey, on September 18, 1933. His family were entertainers. His family moved to Los Angeles, California, in 1938 to focus on their career.

Blake had an unhappy childhood in which he was abused by his alcoholic father. He said that he was physically and sexually abused by both of his parents while growing up. At age 14, he ran away from home.

Career
------

Robert Blake began his acting career as a child in dozens short films as *Joy Scouts* (1939), *Captain Spanky's Show Boat* (1939), *The Big Premiere* (1940), *Good Bad Boys* (1940), and the Oscar-winning short film *Main Street on the March!* (1941). As an adult, Blake he began to play small roles in films like *The Black Rose* (1950) with Tyrone Power and directed by Henry Hathaway, *The Veils of Bagdad* (1953) with Victor Mature, *Three Violent People* (1956) with Charlton Heston, *Pork Chop Hill* (1959) with Gregory Peck. He also had a role in *The Greatest Story Ever Told* (1965), playing the role of Simon the Zealot. Robert Blake shot to fame when playing Perry in the film *In Cold Blood* (1967) based on the book by Truman Capote, and directed by Richard Brooks. Another performance was playing a deranged police officer motorized in *Electra Glide in Blue* (1973) for this film Blake was nominated for a Golden Globe.

Television
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Robert Blake has had a long and successful career in television. His great works include *Baretta* as Det. Tony Baretta. Robert Blake played for 82 episodes broadcast between 1975 and 1978. Blake won a prestigious Emmy Award in 1975 and was nominated again in 1977 and also won Golden Globe in 1975 for *Baretta*.

Another of his works on television was his portrayal of James Riddle 'Jimmy' Hoffa in *Blood Feud* (1983) directed by Mike Newell, for which he was nominated for an Emmy and Golden Globe in 1983. One of his last television appearances was in *Judgment Day: The John List Story* (1993) directed by Bobby Roth, he plays the true story of a religious fanatic who kills his family. This role was one of his best performances and earned him a nomination for an Emmy in 1993.

Murder trial
------------

In March 2005, Blake was tried and acquitted of the 2001 murder of his second wife, Bonnie Lee Bakley. In November 2005, he was found liable in a California civil court for her wrongful death.

More readings
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* *LIFE* 12 January 1968
* *Stephen J. Cannell Television Productions: A History of All Series and Pilots* by Jon Abbott

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Robert Blake (actor)***.

* Robert Blake on IMDb
* Robert Blake at AllMovie
* Robert Blake at TV.com
* Robert Blake at the Open Directory Project
**Vahan Hovhannesi Totovents** (Armenian: Վահան Թոթովենց; September 1, 1889 - July 18, 1938) was an Armenian writer, poet and public activist.

Biography
---------

Vahan Totovents was born in Mezire, Western Armenia (modern Turkey). He studied in Armenia and Istanbul, then at Wisconsin University which he finished in 1915.

He was a volunteer in the Caucasian front during World War I, and served as the bodyguard and translator for the secretary of General Andranik Ozanian, about whom he wrote memoires and published them in 1920. In Tbilisi Totovents edited the "Hayastan" paper, the official organ of Andranik.

Since 1922 he lived in Yerevan, Soviet Armenia. In 1938 he became a victim of Stalinism.

Works
-----

The works of Totovents were published from 1907. He is the author of "Doctor Burbonian" (1918), "Death battalion" (1923), "New York" (1927), "Baku" (v. 1-3, 1930-34), "Jonathan, Son of Jeremiah" novels, stories and dramas. He influenced to Armenian literature especially by his "Life on the Old Roman Road" autobiographical novel (1930, "A piece of sky" film by Henrik Malian) which "reflect the society, culture, and mores not only of the Armenians of his childhood but also of their neighbors in the waning days of the Ottoman Empire".

Other websites
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* Vahan Totovents (1893-1938) Archived 2007-10-25 at the Wayback Machine Présentation de ses mémoires sur le Général Antranik (in French)
* Totovents at Amazon.com
"Venetian" desk lamp c.1910-1920Table lamp c.1900-1906
A **Tiffany lamp** is a type of lamp with a glass shade. They are made with glass designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany and his design studio, Tiffany & Co.. The most famous was the stained leaded glass lamp. Tiffany lamps are considered part of the Art Nouveau movement.

Due to Tiffany's dominant influence on the style, the term 'Tiffany lamp' or 'Tiffany style lamp' often refers to stained leaded glass lamps. Even those not made by Louis Comfort Tiffany's company.

Gallery
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* A Louis Comfort Tiffany & Co. Daffodil leaded glass table lamp (shade shown), designed by Tiffany's head designer, Clara Driscoll.A Louis Comfort Tiffany & Co. Daffodil leaded glass table lamp (shade shown), designed by Tiffany's head designer, Clara Driscoll.
* Typical Tiffany copper-foil lamp with dragonfly design, with two pigeon sculpturesTypical Tiffany copper-foil lamp with dragonfly design, with two pigeon sculptures
* able lamp, c. 1899-1902, Tiffany Studios, Tiffany Glass and Decorating Companyable lamp, c. 1899-1902, Tiffany Studios, Tiffany Glass and Decorating Company
Tiger keelback
The **Tiger keelback** (*Rhabdophis tigrinus*) is a species of venomous colubrid snake that lives throughout East and Southeast Asia.

Forms of defense
----------------

The tiger keelback is shy, so it would be rare to be attacked by one, but they sometimes do, and they do need to survive. And in order to survive, a snake must have a good form of defense. And the tiger keelback has a **very** interesting form of defense. In addition to having ordinary venomous snake fangs, they have another trick up their sleeve. Like the poison dart frog and sea slug, the tiger keelback doesn't bother to produce its own venom - rather, it gets its deadly venom from the toads it eats as part of its normal diet. When the tiger keelback feels even the tiniest bit threatened, it'll angle the two little glands on the back of its neck and use it against the predator, the one who seems a threat to the snake. The liquid, or rather, *fluid,* that exits the snake's nuchal glands contains something called bufadienolides, that irritate airways and affect heart muscle.

The snake eats poisonous toads, which fuels the snake's venom. The tiger keelback also eats a few other small vertebrates.
The family **Tettigoniidae**, known in American English as **katydids** and in British English as **bush-crickets**, contains more than 6,400 species. It is part of the suborder Ensifera.

They are also known as **long-horned grasshoppers**, though they are more closely related to crickets than to grasshoppers.
Their antennae may be longer than their own body length, those of the grasshoppers are always relatively short.

Disguise
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Katydids may disguise themselves brilliantly. Some look exactly like dead brown leaves, complete with holes, lying still on the forest floor of the rainforests of Asia and South America. Others act like green, living leaves fluttering from a branch. They even have vein-like markings like real leaves.

Very interesting visual defences: upper wings fold together at rest, with a dried-leaf pattern. Under wings carry a bright colour which flashes when they fly. A startle device which gains time for escape. See Animal colour#Startle and dazzle defences
A green bush cricket sitting on a leaf
Katydid looking just like a leaf

Other websites
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* Bush katydid genus *Scudderia* Stål, 1873 - diagnostic photographs, natural history
* Black-sided meadow katydid - *Conocephalus nigropleurum* - diagnostic photographs
* BugGuide.net--family *Tettigoniidae*
* Singing Insects of North America (SINA) website. Archived 2009-01-13 at the Wayback Machine
* Bug guide.net-- Pink Katydid
**Robert Eugene Bush** was an American military during World War II. He was serving as a hospital corpsman for the United States Navy. Het was honored with a Medal of Honor for his brave actions during the Battle of Okinawa.

Life
----

President Truman handing over the Medal of Honor to Robert E. Bush
Bush was born on October 4, 1926, in Tacoma, Washington. In 1944 he joined the navy as a young boy.

During the invasion of Okinawa he got wounded on May 2, 1945, during an attack on a rifle company that he was on patrol.

At 18 years of age he was awarded for his braveness by President Truman in a White House with the Medal of Honor.

After the war, he returned to finish high school. Then he went on with a study in business administration at the University of Washington.

After he finished study, he founded the Bayview Lumber Company at South Bend, Washington in 1951 and Bayview Redi-Mix at Elma, Washington.

Tom Brokaw, a television personality and journalist, wrote a chapter about Bush in his World War II book *The Greatest Generation* (1998).

Robert and Wanda Bush were the parents of three sons and a daughter. He died from cancer on November 8, 2005, in Olympia, Washington when he was 79 years old.
**Sheryl Kara Sandberg** (born August 28, 1969) is an American businesswoman. She is the chief operating officer of Facebook.

Early life and education
------------------------

Sandberg was born in 1969, in Washington, D.C. in a Jewish family. In 1987 started a Bachelor's degree in economics at Harvard College. She graduated in 1991 with the highest honor, *summa cum laude*. In 1993 she started at Harvard Business School. In 1995 she earned her M.B.A. with highest distinction. After this Sandberg worked as a management consultant for McKinsey & Company for a year.

Career
------

From 1996 to 2001 she was Chief of Staff to the then United States Secretary of the Treasury Larry Summers.

In 2001 Sandberg became the vice president of Global Online Sales & Operations for Google Inc.. In 2007 Sandberg met Mark Zuckerberg, the maker of Facebook, at a Christmas party.

Zuckerberg thought that Sandberg would be good at being Facebook's COO. In March 2008 Facebook hired Sandberg.

December 2010, she gave a TED speech titled "Why we have too few women leaders." In 2012 she became the eighth member (and the first female member) of Facebook's board of directors. Sheryl Sandberg's first book *Lean In* was published on March 11, 2013.

Personal life
-------------

Sandberg married to Dave Goldberg, the CEO of SurveyMonkey, from 2003 until his death in 2015. She is a feminist.

Other websites
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* Lean In

Related pages
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* Marissa Mayer
* Susan Wojcicki
* Zhang Xin


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Sheryl Sandberg***.

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**Wu Yang** (simplified Chinese: 无藏; traditional Chinese: 舞藏; Pinyin *Wu Yang`*; born 5 January 1992) is a female Chinese table tennis player. She is one of the best defenders in the world.

Wu at the WTTC 2013

Career
------

In 2006 she played her first events in the Youth. So she reached at the World Junior Circuit event two times bronze in the singles. At the Youth- World Championships Wu played successfull, too. There she won bronze in the singles, silver in the doubles and gold with the team. In the mixed category she lost in the Quarterfinals. 2009 she took part in the World Championships, too, where Wu even won gold. The Asian Championships were Wus first adult tournament, where she only won gold with the team. In the singles she reached the Quarterfinals. 2011 could Wu Yang part in the World Championships- she took part there for the first time. She reached the Quarterfinals, where she ost to Li Xiaoxia. At Team World Championships she doesn't took part. The year 2013 was very successfull for Wu, because she became vice-champion st the World Cup and won gold with the team at the World Team Cup.

At the World Championships, where Yang took part for the second time, she lost in the Quarterfinals again. At the World Tour events she reached always the third place. That's why she became world number 4 in the world- her best position in her career. In February she had to give up her 4th place, because she doesn't was really activ. 2015 she could took part in the World Championships again, where she lost for the third time in the Quarterfinals. 2016 she won still the German Open and then seldom in appeared.

Successen
---------

### World Championships

* 2011, 2013, 2015- Quarterfinals Singles

### World Cup

* 2013- Second place- Singles
The **whooper swan** (*Cygnus cygnus*), is a large white bird which lives in Europe and Asia. It is the Eurasian counterpart of the North American trumpeter swan. Francis Willughby and John Ray's *Ornithology* of 1676 called this swan "the Elk, Hooper, or wild Swan".

Description
-----------

Young whooper swan.
Legs and feet are black.
 *Cygnus cygnus*

  

An adult whooper swan weighs 9-11 kg. It is 140-160 cm long (including neck and head) and it has a wingspan of 205-235 cm. Young swans are grey-brown. They have a pink and black beak. The young get pale grey in end of their first summer. They get the white adult colour before their second winter. Male and female swans look otherwise similar, but the males are larger.

The whooper swan, Bewick's swan and mute swan look quite similar, but the details are different.
Whooper swan is clearly larger than Bewick's swan. When it lands it water or takes off it slides longer distances.

  


|  |
| --- |
| **Mute swan, whooper swan, bewick swan** |
| Whooper swan bill | Whooper swan straight neck and short tail. |
| Mute swan: hump and orange bill |  Mute swan: curved neck and long tail. |
|  Bewick swan bill |  Bevick swan short neck and horizntal tail. |

Behaviour
---------

Whooper swans eat mainly plants growing in water: leaves, stems and roots. During the winter they also eat grain and vegetables from the fields. Young birds often eat insects.

The nest is a large pile of plant matter built on dry ground or on small islands near lakeshore. The same nest mound may be used over many years although it is often repaired and new material is added.

Distribution
------------

Whooper swans spends their summer in Northern Europe and Asia. For winter they migrate to coasts where sea does not freeze.

In year 2006 it was estimated, that there are more than 180,000 whooper swans in the world. Out of these, 10,000-100,000 pairs breed in Russia. Between one thousand and ten thousand birds also spend their winter there.
**Tali Tali Pompey** (about 1945/1947 – 16 November 2011) was an Aboriginal artist from central Australia. She had a short career as an artist, beginning only in 2002. During this time, however, her work was taken in by several major public galleries.

Life
----

Pompey was born on a sand dune near Finke, in the southern Northern Territory. This inspired her name; **tali** is the word for a sandhill in languages of the Western Desert. Pompey's parents were Yankunytjatjara people from lands further south, around Kalka and Kaṉpi in South Australia. Pompey grew up in the area around Finke, and then moved south to Ernabella when she was a young woman. At the time, this was a Christian mission set up for Aboriginal people coming in from the desert. While living in Ernabella, learned art and craft at the community's craft room. She learned how to sew, make batik, dye fabrics and spin sheep's wool to make rugs.

Pompey's husband, who she married at Ernabella, was a Pitjantjatjara elder and law keeper for the country around Kaltjiti. They moved to Kaltjiti after it was set up as an outpost in the 1960s. They had 8 children, including six boys and two girls.

Pompey started painting for the community's art centre, Kaltjiti Arts, in 2002. She painted regularly and became quickly noticed by critics. In 2003, one of Pompey's paintings, titled *Pita*, was chosen as a finalist for the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art Award. Another of her works, *Para - Desert Gums*, was chosen as a finalist for the competition in 2010.

In the ten years that she worked as an artist, Pompey's works became well represented in Australian collections. In 2007, she suffered a mild stroke, which affected the movement in her left hand. She recovered and then continued to paint up until her death. She died on 16 November 2011, in Alice Springs.

Artwork
-------

Pompey's paintings depict features of the central Australian landscape, such as sand hills, flowers and trees. These are painted with a soft-focus, hazy look. Most of her paintings are minimalist in style, combining basic shapes of colour with dotted fields or lines. She was known for thick brushstrokes and a wide use of colour.

Pompey's designs were also used in a series of rugs made by Kaltjiti Arts, which combined traditional Kashmiri techniques with Australian Western Desert designs.

Pompey's work has been exhibited widely in Australia, mostly in group exhibitions. The Mossenson Galleries in Melbourne held two solo exhibitions of Pompey's work. The first was in 2005. The second was in 2012, after her death, and showed a selection of her final works.

Examples of her paintings are now held in the National Gallery of Victoria, and the Art Gallery of South Australia.
***Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?*** is a British quiz show, produced by Celador. In May 2008, the Dutch company 2waytraffic bought the license for the international format.

History
-------

*Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?* aired for the first time on 4 September 1998 in the United Kingdom. The UK show is hosted by Chris Tarrant. It had its biggest ratings in March 1999 when more than 19 million were watching the show. The first millionaire on the show was Judith Keppel who appeared on 20 November 2000.

National variants
-----------------

More than 100 countries around the world have bought the license and air local versions of the show, including Australia, Bulgaria, Germany, Poland, Russia, United States. The United States version became a big hit when Regis Philbin started hosting it in 1999. John Carpenter, a man who worked for the IRS, became the first person to win the grand prize of $1,000,000 in 1999. Philbin hosted the show until 2002. A syndicated version of the show has aired since 2002. It is hosted by Meredith Vieira.

Each country airs the show under the same rules. They all have the same studio design.

In Australia, a spin-off called *Millionaire Hot Seat* has aired since 2009.
"**Tales of a Third Grade Nothing**" is the 6th episode of *Family Guy*'s 7th season. It was first broadcast on the Fox network on November 16, 2008. In the episode, Peter Griffin must go back to the third grade to get a promotion. Stewie changes the look of a nightclub that Brian buys. The episode was written by Alex Carter. Jerry Langford is the director of the episode. About 8.52 million people watched the episode when it was first broadcast.

Story
-----

Peter's boss makes him give reports to their CEO. While he does this, he goes into the executive bathroom. The executive bathroom is better than normal bathrooms, making Peter want to be an executive. He tries to make himself look better to Angela (his boss) by making a billboard explode. He accidentally explodes a children's hospital. Angela likes how he is better at working and makes him an executive. However, he is told that he needs to go back to the third grade to be an executive. Peter acts rude to his teacher and does not do well when he gets in the third grade. However, he is put in a spelling bee because he spells a word that Omar (a student in his class that can spell difficult words) can not spell. At the spelling bee, Omar loses because he does not spell the word "coagulate" right. Peter wins when he spells the word "lesbians" right. Angela says to Peter that he will be going to jail for exploding the children's hospital.

Frank Sinatra Jr. does a performance with Brian in a club. The owner of the club sells it to Brian and Frank. They let Stewie turn it into a nightclub. Brian and Frank first feel uneasy, but they feel better about the club after a short time. The club does well until Andy Dick comes in and makes everyone leave.

Production
----------

Carrie Fisher guest stars Peter's boss, Angela.
"Tales of a Third Grade Nothing" was written by Alex Carter. Jerry Langford is the director of the episode. Carrie Fisher guest stars as Peter's boss Angela. *The Hollywood Reporter* said that Angela is one of Fisher's "5 most iconic roles". Frank Sinatra Jr. is the role of himself in the episode.

Reception
---------

The episode was seen in about 8.52 million houses when it was first broadcast. Ahsan Haque from IGN said that he liked the episode's complex story and that the jokes were funny and offensive. Steve Heisler from *The A.V. Club* thought that the episode was not "one of the greatest" but "not a bad one" and said it was "slightly above average". Robin Pierson of *The TV Critic* did not like the episode's stories but said that it was "funnier than usual".

Other websites
--------------


Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: ***"Tales of a Third Grade Nothing"***

* "Tales of a Third Grade Nothing" at the Internet Movie Database
* "Tales of a Third Grade Nothing" at TV.com
**Wesleyan University** is a private liberal arts university in Middletown, Connecticut. It was founded by Methodist leaders and the people of Middletown in 1831. The university was the first college or university to be named after John Wesley, the founder of Methodism. Wesleyan is one of the three small New England colleges that make up the "Little Three" (or the "Little Ivies"): the others are Amherst and Williams Colleges.

History
-------

Wesleyan was founded as an all-male Methodist college in 1831. In 1872 it became one of the first American colleges to let female students attend. Some of Wesleyan's male alumni did not think that letting women go to the school was a good thing. They believed that it made Wesleyan look bad. Wesleyan stopped letting women got there and from 1912 to 1970 Wesleyan operated as an all-male college. Wesleyan began letting women attend again in 1970. At that time many females had gone to the all-female Connecticut College in nearby New London, Connecticut.

Other websites
--------------

* Wesleyan University
* Virtual Wesleyan Archived 2007-04-10 at the Wayback Machine - An award-winning, interactive guide to Wesleyan University
* The Wesleyan Connection Archived 2006-04-28 at the Wayback Machine - Official newsletter of the university administration
* Wesleyan Student Assembly Archived 2006-06-21 at the Wayback Machine
Daniel Barenboim rehearsing Seville, Spain, 25 July, 2005
The **West-Eastern Divan** is an orchestra for young people. It is based in Sevilla, Spain. The musicians in the orchestra come from Israel and its surrounding Arab countries.

The orchestra was started in 1999 by the Jewish conductor Daniel Barenboim and the Palestinian-American academic Edward Said (pronounce: Sah—eed). The name of the orchestra comes from a group of poems by the German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

The West-Eastern Divan Orchestra was started to help bring Israelis and Palestinians together to work for peace and to help solve the fight between Israel and Palestine. The idea was to let Israelis and Arabs work together in countries which had nothing to do with the conflict.

The first workshop of the orchestra took place in Weimar, Germany because it was the 1999 European cultural town. Barenboim chose two leaders for the orchestra: one Israeli and one Arab. They worked with some very famous musicians including the cellist Yo Yo Ma. In 2000 the orchestra met again in Weimar, in 2001 they met in Chicago. Since 2002 they have met every year in Seville. 

The West-Eastern Divan Workshop takes place during several weeks each summer in Andalusia. After the workshop has finished, the orchestra travel to other places to give concerts. They have given concerts in many parts of Europe, North America, South America. In 2004 they performed an historic concert in Ramallah in Palestine. After the concert Barenboim said that the people of Israel and Palestine had a shared future. He said: "Either we all kill each other, or we share what there is to share. It is this message that we come here to bring."

In 2004, the Barenboim-Said Foundation, based in Seville, was started to help develop several education projects. Money is given for this by the Junta de Andalucía (Regional Government of Andalusia). The Foundation helps with the orchestra as well as with projects such as the Early Childhood Musical Education Project in Seville.

The orchestra has won prizes and made recordings. A film called *Knowledge is the Beginning* was made about them.

In August 2009 the orchestra will give three concerts at the BBC Proms including a concert performance of Beethoven’s opera Fidelio which has a story about people who have been put in prison for their political ideas.

Other websites
--------------

* The orchestra’s website Archived 2008-09-15 at the Wayback Machine
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Today |
| * **Friday**

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* 21 October
* 2022 AD/CE

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* 29 Mehr
* 1401 SH

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* 25 Rabi' al-awwal
* 1444 AH

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[refresh] |

The **Tabular Islamic calendar** is a variation of the Islamic calendar. It has the same numbering of years and months, but the months are determined by rules rather than by observing the crescent moon directly. The tabular calendar was developed by early Muslim astronomers of the second hijra century (the 8th century of the Common Era). They wanted to be able to predict the positions of the moon, sun, and planets. It is now used by historians to convert an Islamic date into a Western calendar when no other information (like the day of the week) is available. Its calendar era is the Hijri year and its epoch (year 1) is the date of the Hijra (622 in the Common Era or Gregorian calendar).

Uses
----

It is used by some Muslims in everyday life, particularly in Ismaili and Shi'a communities, who believe that this calendar was developed by Ali. They believe that when Ali drew up this calendar, the previous events of the earlier prophets also fell into line with this calendar. It is their belief that all Fatimid Imams and their Da'is have followed this tradition.

Days and months
---------------

Each year has 12 months. The odd numbered months have 30 days and the even numbered months have 29 days, except in a leap year when the 12th and final month Dhu al-Hijjah has 30 days.
**Wrongful life** is a legal action in which someone is sued for not stopping the birth of a severely disabled child. In this type of lawsuit a child and the parents will sue a doctor or a hospital. The doctor or hospital is sued for not giving information about the disability during the pregnancy. The doctor or hospital may have not provided all the information on a genetic case before the pregnancy. The parents argue that if the mother had known this information, she would have had an abortion, or chosen not to become pregnant at all.

In the past, only parents could sue for their *own* damages the occurred as a result of the birth of a disabled child (e.g. the mother's own pregnancy medical bills and cost of psychiatric treatment for both parents' emotional distress resulting from becoming aware that their child was disabled). This cause of action is known as wrongful birth. But the child could not sue for his or her own damages, which were often much more in terms of money and harm.

In four U.S. states, the child is allowed to start a wrongful life cause of action for damages. In 1982, the Supreme Court of California was the first state supreme court to permit the child's right to sue for wrongful life, but in the same decision, limited the child's recovery to special damages.

Most other jurisdictions, including England and Ontario, have not allowed the wrongful life cause of action.

Related pages
-------------

* Wrongful birth
* Wrongful abortion
* Bioethics

Further reading
---------------

* Appel, Jacob M. Physicians, Wrongful Life and the Constitution, *Medicine & Health, Rhode Island* Volume 87, Number 2. February 2004. Retrieved October 28, 2008.

Other websites
--------------

* Sydney Morning Herald article from May 2004
* Article on wrongful life in the Cornell Law Review.
***Sex Tape*** is a 2014 American comedy movie.

Plot
----

Jay and Annie Hargrove are a married couple. After having two kids, they have sex every chance they get. When Jay struggles to have an erection, Annie suggests making a sex tape. After making it, Annie asks Jay to delete the recording.

The son of Jay and Annie's friend says he will upload a copy of the sex tape to YouPorn unless they give him $25,000. They are not able to pay the money. Jay and Annie break into YouPorn's headquarters. They begin destroying the web servers. Their plan is stopped when an alarm sounds. The owner of YouPorn removes the sex tape.

Jay and Annie watch the video once themselves. After this, they take the USB flash drive and later destroy it.

Cast
----

* Cameron Diaz as Annie Hargrove, Jay's wife
* Jason Segel as Jay Hargrove, Annie's husband
* Rob Corddry as Robby
* Ellie Kemper as Tess
* Rob Lowe as Hank Rosenbaum
* Nat Faxon as Max
* Nancy Lenehan as Linda
* Randall Park as Edward
* Harrison Holzer as Howard
* Jolene Blalock as Catalina, the wife of the owner of YouPorn
* Dave "Gruber" Allen as Mailman
* Kumail Nanjiani as Punit
* Artemis Pebdani as Kia
* Jack Black (*uncredited*) as the owner of YouPorn

Release
-------

*Sex Tape* was released on July 18, 2014.

Box office
----------

The movie earned a total of $38.5 million in the United States alone. Worldwide, it earned a total of $126.1 million.

In the United Kingdom, it topped the box office. It earned £1.43 million. The movie opened at #1 in markets, such as Bulgaria, the Netherlands and Slovenia.

The biggest market was in countries like Germany, Australia and the United Kingdom. In those countries, the movie got back $12.14 million, $6.9 million and $7.14 million, respectively.

Reviews
-------

*Sex Tape* earned mostly negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the movie has an approval rating of 17%. Metacritic gives the movie a score of 36, meaning generally unfavorable reviews.

Awards
------

*Sex Tape* won a Golden Raspberry Award for the Worst Actress. It was also nominated for Worst Screen Combo and Worst Screenplay.
Second edition cover of "Maple Leaf Rag." It is one of the most famous rags.
**Ragtime** (or **rag-time**) is a musical genre which enjoyed its peak popularity between 1897 and 1918.

Its main characteristic trait is its syncopated, or 'ragged', rhythm. It began as dance music in the red-light districts of American cities such as St. Louis and New Orleans years before being published as popular sheet music for piano.

Ragtime was a modification of the march made popular by John Philip Sousa, with additional polyrhythms typical of African music. The ragtime composer Scott Joplin became famous through the publication in 1899 of the *Maple Leaf Rag* and a string of ragtime hits that followed. For at least 12 years after its publication, the *Maple Leaf Rag* heavily influenced subsequent ragtime composers with its melody lines, harmonic progressions or metric patterns.

Ragtime fell out of favor as jazz claimed the public's imagination after 1917, but there have been numerous revivals since. First, in the early 1940s many jazz bands began to include ragtime in their repertoire and put out ragtime recordings on 78 rpm records. A more significant revival occurred in the 1950s as a wider variety of ragtime styles of the past were made available on records, and new rags were composed, published, and recorded.

In 1971 Joshua Rifkin brought out a compilation of Scott Joplin's work which was nominated for a Grammy Award. In 1973, the motion picture *The Sting* brought ragtime to a wide audience with its soundtrack of Joplin tunes. Subsequently, the film's rendering of Joplin's 1902 rag *The Entertainer* was a Top 5 hit in 1974.

Ragtime (with Joplin's work in the forefront) has been cited as an American equivalent of minuets by Mozart, mazurkas by Chopin, or waltzes by Brahms. Ragtime influenced classical composers including Erik Satie, Claude Debussy and Igor Stravinsky. Ragtime was included in the dance styles of Vernon and Irene Castle, and influenced the English ballroom dances, the foxtrot and the quickstep.

More reading
------------

* Gildo De Stefano. *Ragtime, jazz & dintorni*. Preface by Amiri Baraka. SUGARCO Editions, Milan 2007. ISBN 978-88-7198-532-9
***Shikasta*** is a 1979 science fiction novel. The full title is ***Re: Colonised Planet 5, Shikasta***. British Nobel Prize in Literature-winner Doris Lessing wrote it as the first book in her five-book *Canopus in Argos* series. Alfred A. Knopf published it first in the United States in October 1979. Jonathan Cape published the book in the United Kingdom in November 1979. Shikasta is also the name of the fictional planet featured in the novel.

The book has a subtitle, *"Personal, psychological, historical documents relating to visit by Johor (George Sherban) Emissary (Grade 9) 87th of the Period of the Last Days"*. 'The novel is the history of the planet Shikasta under the influence of three galactic empires: Canopus, Sirius, and their shared enemy, Puttiora. The book is a series of reports by Canopean visitors to Shikasta. They record what happens on the planet which is very similar to Earth. The novel shows the Earth's prehistory, how things became worse, the "Century of Destruction" (the 20th-century), and the Apocalypse (World War III).

*Shikasta* uses stories and images from the Old Testament and is influenced by spiritual and mystical themes in Sufism. Lessing had become interested in this Islamic belief system in the mid-1960s. The book was a major shift of focus in Lessing's writing, from realism to science fiction. Many of her readers were unhappy with the change. Critics gave the book both good and bad reviews. Some were impressed by the way the book showed a wide view of humanity and the universe. One reviewer called it a brave "and disturbing work from one of the world's great living writers". Others reviewers disliked the novel because it was depressing and humanity had no free will. People's lives were controlled by galactic empires.

The story of Shikasta is retold in the third book of the *Canopus* series, *The Sirian Experiments* (1980). In that book, the story is told from the point of view of Sirius. Shikasta appears again in the fourth book in the series, *The Making of the Representative for Planet 8* (1982). The Zones that are briefly mentioned in *Shikasta* are the subject of the second book in the series, *The Marriages Between Zones Three, Four and Five* (1980).
***Sound the Alarm*** is the fifth studio album by the emo band Saves the Day. It was released by Vagrant Records on April 11, 2006. It was produced by Steve Evetts who also produced Saves the Day's first two albums, *Can't Slow Down* and *Through Being Cool*. All of the album's lyrics were written by Chris Conley. It is their darkest album, and Chris wrote it about the black clouds in his life, and things that were eating him alive. This album was welcomed by many as something of a return to the band's classic sound, after the sonic departure of *In Reverie* in 2003.

*Sound the Alarm* reached number 67 on the Billboard 200 Album Chart.

*Sound the Alarm* is part one of a three part concept that Conley described in an interview with Punknews.org. It is their trilogy about self discovery.

The "Head for the Hills" track is used on the soundtrack of the football video game *Madden NFL 07*.

Track listing
-------------

1. "Head for the Hills" - 2:50
2. "The End" - 1:54
3. "Shattered" - 3:08
4. "Eulogy" - 3:22
5. "Dying Day" - 2:21
6. "34" - 2:22
7. "Say You'll Never Leave" - 2:20
8. "Diseased" - 2:12
9. "Don't Know Why" - 3:22
10. "Sound the Alarm" - 3:06
11. "Bones" 2:23
12. "Delusional" 2:07
13. "Hell Is Here" 3:36
The **Seward Peninsula** is a large peninsula on the western coast of the U.S. state of Alaska. It sticks out about 320 kilometers (200 mi) into the Bering Sea. It is just below the Arctic Circle. The peninsula is about 210 miles (330 km) long and 90 to 140 miles (145 to 225 km) wide.

The town of Seward, Alaska is actually not on the Seward Peninsula. It is much further south, on the Kenai Peninsula.

The Seward Peninsula was once part of the Bering land bridge. This was a strip of land that used to exist that connected Alaska with Siberia with mainland Alaska. It existed millions of years ago during a time called the Pleistocene Ice Age. People, animals, and plants all came across the land bridge into North America. Archaeologists have found proof that Inupiat Eskimos have been living there for thousands of years.

Demographics
------------

The Peninsula does not have a lot of people today. There are no roads going there. The largest town is Nome. There are about 3,000 people there. The next largest town, Shishmaref, has only 607 people. Most of the other towns there have only a few hundred people. Some old mining towns there have no people left at all and have become ghost towns.

Geography and ecology
---------------------

The *Devil Mountain Lakes* are on the Seward Peninsula. They are a kind of lake called a *maar* which is made by a volcano. The Devil Mountain Lakes are the biggest lakes like this in the whole world. There are four mountain ranges on the peninsula, the biggest ones are the Kigluaik (or Sawtooth) Mountains. The highest point on peninsula is the peak of 4,714-foot (1,437 m) Mount Osborn. Other mountain ranges on the Seward Peninsula include the Bendeleben Mountains, Darby Mountains, and York Mountains. There is also a big lava flow called *The Lost Jim Lava Flow*. Several hot springs are located throughout the peninsula as well.

The Seward Peninsula has several rivers. The rivers are important to the people who live there for several reasons. One reason is that they can catch fish to eat in them. Another reason is that they can travel by boat since there no roads. That way they can get to other towns on the river or to places where there are animals to hunt. Finding food is important there because there are not a lot of stores and it costs a lot of money to take food that far in an airplane or boat. The rivers freeze in the wintertime.

The most common kind of tree there is called a black spruce. It is a kind of pine tree.

*Cape Prince of Wales* is on the Peninsula. No other part of the mainland of North America is further west. It is only 52 miles (84 km) from Russia.

The peninsula was named after William H. Seward. He was the United States Secretary of State made the deal with Russia to let the United States buy Alaska from them in 1867.
Raghavendra Swami was a renowned Madhwa saint, philosopher and a supporter of Dvaita philosophy that was established by Swami Madhvacharya. He served as the head of the monastery in Kumbakonam from 1621 to 1671 and established Brindavan in present Mantralayam in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is currently an important pilgrimage site.

Raghavendra was born in the town of Bhuvanagiri in Tamil Nadu, India in a Kannada Madhva Brahmin family.His real name is Venkatanatha. Venkatanatha studied under Sudheendra Theertha and emerged as a talented scholar and consistently won debates over scholars older than him. He was also known as a teacher of Sanskrit and the ancient Vedic texts.In 1614, he took sannyasa or became a sanyasi and adopted the name Raghavendra. In 1621, Raghavendra succeeded his guru Sudheendra Theertha as the head of the Kumbakonam monestry which was called Sri Mutt and served from 1621 to 1671. He traveled all over South India explained Madhvacharya's Dvaita philosophy and attributed with a number of miracles. In 1671, after assuring his disciples in a speech that he will be in spirit with them for the next seven hundred years, Raghavendra attained Samadhi at Mantralayam.
There are several states in the world, where politics is dominated by two parties. This is known as **two-party system.** According to Giovanni Sartori, the following is true for such as system:

1. Each of the two parties is able to reach an absolute majority in parliament
2. When there are elections, usually one of the two parties wins an absolute majority
3. The party that is elected wants to rule alone
4. There's a large probability that with elections, the ruling party will change over time

The Median voter theorem describes such a system: While at first the parties have programmes that are very different from each other, over time, they will get closer. Hotelling's law also describes this in game theory. 

Note that in such systems, there may also be other parties, bur these rarely have enough influence to win majorities in elections.

Two Examples of countries that have a two party system are the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Related pages
-------------

* Multi-party system - A system where there are many parties, Sometimes, several parties work together in government.
* One-party state - There's only one party, but sometimes people can choose from different candidates of that party.