recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Basil salmon terrine
Blini-Davidoff: Buckwheat cakes with caviar and onions
Potatoes Lyonnaise
A pot-au-feu, the traditional French stew
**French food** has influenced the style of cooking throughout Europe, and its chefs work in restaurants throughout the world.

The roots of modern *haute cuisine* lie in chefs like La Varenne (1615–1678) and the notable chef of Napoleon, Marie-Antoine Carême (1784–1833). These chefs developed a lighter style of food compared to the food of the Middle Ages. They used fewer spices, and more herbs and creamy ingredients.

Typical ingredients like roux and fish stock, and techniques such as marinading, and dishes such as ragout, were invented. Carême was an expert pâtissier (pastry-maker), and this is still a mark of French cooking. He developed basic sauces, his 'mother sauces'; he had over a hundred sauces in his repertoire, based on the half-dozen mother sauces.

French cooking was introduced in the 20th century by Georges Auguste Escoffier (1846–1935). He was a genius at organisation. He worked out how to run large restaurants, as in a big hotel or a palace: how the staff should be organised; how the menu was prepared. He had methods for everything. Escoffier managed the restaurants and cuisine at the Savoy Hotel and Carlton Hotel in London, the Hôtel Ritz Paris, and some of the greatest cruise ships of the day.

Escoffier's other main contribution was the publication of *Le Guide Culinaire* in 1903, which spread the understanding of French cookery. However, Escoffier left out much of the culinary character to be found in the regions of France.

Gastro-tourism and the *Guide Michelin* helped to acquaint people with the rich bourgeois and peasant cuisine of the French countryside in the 20th century. Gascon cuisine has also had great influence over the cuisine in the southwest of France. Many dishes that were once regional have proliferated in variations across the country. Cheese and wine are a major part of the cuisine, playing different roles regionally and nationally. In the north of France, people often prefer to use butter to cook. In the south, they prefer olive oil and garlic. In France, each region has its own special dish; choucroute in Alsace, quiche in Lorraine, cassoulet in the Languedoc-Roussillon, tapenade in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, bouillabaisse in Marseille.

In November 2010, **French gastronomy** was added by UNESCO to its lists of the world's 'intangible cultural heritage'.
**Ekaterine (Eka) Tikaradze** (Georgian: ეკატერინე (ეკა) ტიკარაძე; b. 3 March 1976) is a Georgian politician who is Minister of Internally Displaced Persons from the Occupied Territories of Georgia, Labor, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia since 18 June 2019.

Biography
---------

Born in 1976 on March 3, Tbilisi. 1993 - 1998 she passed the qualification of Tbilisi State Medical University. In 2005 she received a certificate of general profile dentist. 2006 - 2008 he was the Foundation "Dentists Without Borders" Project Development Manager. 2008 - 2013 she worked in Switzerland, was a tertiary hospital and the countries of the insurance sector development consultant. 2007 – 2008 years she has completed a full course in maxillofacial implantation at the Ludwigshafen Academy of Practice and Science. 2015 - 2016 he completed the course in Munster, Germany, and received a management competence in the hospitality sector. 2009 - 2015 she was a legal entity "Dostakari" ( Sachkhere ) Dental Clinic Manager conceptual issues. 2015 – 2019 years JSC General Director of Sachkhere District Hospital Polyclinic Association. 2015 - 2019 she was a legal entity "Dostakari" ( Sachkhere ) Executive Director. 2016 - 2019 she has become a Master of Management and Business Administration.

Personal life
-------------

She has a husband and two children. Fluent in Georgian, English, German and Russian .

Other websites
--------------

* Ekaterine Tikaradze's biography on official site of Goverment of Georgia
Louis-Philippe I, the last King of the French
The **February 1848 Revolution** in France ended the reign of King Louis-Philippe, and led to the creation of the French Second Republic (1848-1852). 

The revolution established the principle of the "right to work" (*droit au travail*), and decided to establish "National Workshops" for the unemployed. At the same time a sort of industrial parliament was established at the Luxembourg Palace, under the presidency of Louis Blanc. Tensions between liberal Orleanist and Radical Republicans and Socialists would cause the June Days Uprising a few months later. 

Meanwhile the revolution inspired other European Revolutions of 1848.

The End of the Revolution in France
-----------------------------------

The era of revolution in France came to an end when Louis Napoleon dissolved the National Assembly without having the constitutional right to do so, and became the sole ruler of France. In 1852 he reestablished the empire and took the title Emperors Napoleon III.

1848 Revolution in literature
-----------------------------

* Karl Marx's Essay *The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte* (1852) describes the 1848 revolution as a class struggle.
**George Grenville** (14 October 1712–13 November 1770) was Prime Minister of Great Britain. He was a member of the Whig Party. He was one of the few prime ministers who never was given a title of nobility.

Grenville was the second son of Richard Grenville and Hester Temple. His older brother was Richard Grenville-Temple. Grenville went to school at Eton College and at Christ Church College, Oxford. He entered Parliament in 1741 as member for Buckingham, and represented Buckingham until his death.

As Treasurer of the Navy in 1758 he introduced and carried a bill which established a fairer system of paying the wages of sailors. He stayed in office in 1761, when Pitt resigned, and in the administration of Lord Bute acted as Leader of the House of Commons. In May 1762 he became Secretary of State for the Northern Department, and in October First Lord of the Admiralty; and in April 1763 he became First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer. 

While Prime Minister, his government oversaw the prosecution of John Wilkes and the passing of the American Stamp Act 1765, which led to the first disagreements between American colonies and Great Britain that led to the American Revolutionary War. 

After many years of being Prime Minister, he began to have disagreements with young king George III. The king started to think that the Prime Minister was using him as a puppet. The king convinced Rockingham to become the new Prime Minister and Grenville never held an office again.

Grenville was called the "gentile shepherd" because he bored the House by asking over and over again, during the debate on the Cider Bill of 1763, that somebody should tell him "where" to lay the new tax if it was not to be put on cider. Pitt whistled the air of the popular tune *Gentle Shepherd, tell me where*, and the House laughed. Though few excelled him in a knowledge of the forms of the House or in mastery of administrative details, he lacked tact in dealing with people and with affairs.

In 1749 Grenville married Elizabeth Wyndham (before 1731-5 December 1769), daughter of Sir William Wyndham. They had seven children.
Esperanto, the most used constructed language, has got some **traditional symbols** during its history.

Green star
----------

The basic symbol of Esperanto is the green five-pointed star. Its five corners represents five continents (according to traditional meaning - Europe, America, Asia, Oceania, Africa), the green color is the symbol of hope. In cases when they use the star outside the flag, they add a letter "E" to it. In Esperanto they call it *verda stelo* (green star).

Esperanto flag
--------------

The esperanto flag has a green background with a white square in the upper lefthand corner, which in turn contains a green star. Esperantists use the flag for representing their language and culture. Swedish esperantist G. Jonson has iniciated use of the green color and the green star. C. Rjabinis and P. Deullin has created final suggestion of the flag in 1893. The green color represents hope and the white color represents peace. In Esperanto they call it *Esperanto-flago* (Esperanto flag).

Jubilee symbol
--------------

During the hundredth (100th) anniversary of Esperanto in 1987, World Esperanto Association has made this special logo. The two (2) inverse rounded letters "E" creates the form representating the Earth. In Esperanto they call it *Jubilea simbolo* (Jubilee symbol).

Anthem
------

Esperantists consider the poem *La Espero* (the hope) by L. L. Zamenhof with music by Félicien Menu de Ménil to be an anthem of Esperanto.
**Fresh Meadows** is a neighborhood in northeastern part of the borough of Queens in New York City, which is bordered to the east by Francis Lewis Boulevard, to the south by Union Turnpike, to the north by Kissena Park, and to the west by Utopia Parkway and Fresh Meadows Lane.

Fresh Meadows is also the name of a housing development (housing estate) in the neighborhood, along 188th Street. The Fresh Meadows buildings were built in the late 1940s and were for lower middle & middle-class people. It is one of three housing areas built by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company after World War II, the others are Stuyvesant Town in Manhattan and Parkchester in the Bronx.

The Long Island Expressway runs through the neighborhood. Main streets are 188th Street, Horace Harding Expressway, 73rd Avenue, Utopia Parkway, and Fresh Meadows Lane.

The 107th Precinct of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) covers this neighborhood.

Kissena Park and Cunningham Park are both located next to Fresh Meadows.

Fresh Meadows is also home to St. Francis Preparatory School, the largest Catholic high school in the United States. Francis Lewis High School, P.S. 26 (Rufus King school), M.S. 216 (George J. Ryan Middle School), and P.S. 173 (The Fresh Meadows School) are other schools in the neighborhood.
**Eisenhüttenstädter FC Stahl** was a German association football team, based in Eisenhüttenstadt, Brandenburg.

History
-------

*Stahl* was as a second division side in East Germany's DDR-Liga. After German reunification in 1990, the side changed to its current name. They appeared in the last FDGB-Pokal final in 1991, losing to Hansa Rostock. This qualified for them for the following year's Cup Winner's Cup. They were eliminated in the first round by Galatasaray.

After German reunification, they joined the NOFV-Oberliga Nord, which was the 3rd tier in Germany. The club joined the Regionalliga Nordost in 1994 and would play in that league until the league disbanded. In 2015, *Stahl* was part of a merger, which created *FC Eisenhüttenstadt* and folded one year later.

Honours
-------

The club's honours:

* **DDR-Liga**
	+ Division champions: 1969, 1989
* **NOFV-Oberliga Nord**
	+ Runners-up: 1994
* **Brandenburg Cup**
	+ Winners: 1992, 1993, 2002
	+ Runners-up: 1997, 1998
* **FDGB-Pokal**
	+ Runners-up: 1991

Other websites
--------------

* Official website (in German)
* The Abseits Guide to German Soccer
The **Draize test** is a test, to see if a substance is toxic. John H. Draize and Jacob M. Spines first used the test in 1944. The test was first used for cosmetics, but later for other substances as well. To see if a substance is toxic, it is applied to the skin or the eye of an animal, for a given time. After the time, the substance is washed out and the effects are recorded. Very often, small animals, such as rabbits were used. After the test, the animals are observed for up to 14 days. If the test does irreversible damage to the skin or the eye, the animal is killed after the test. Animals may be re-used for testing purposes if the product tested causes no permanent damage. Animals are typically reused after a "wash out" period during which all traces of the tested product are allowed to disperse from the test site.

The tests are controversial. They are seem as cruel and unscientific because of the differences between rabbit and human eyes, and the subjective nature of the visual evaluations. The FDA supports the test, stating that "to date, no single test, or battery of tests, has been accepted by the scientific community as a replacement [for] ... the Draize test". Because of its controversial nature, the use of the Draize test in the U.S. and Europe has declined in recent years and is sometimes modified so that anaesthetics are administered and lower doses of the test substances used. Chemicals already shown to have adverse effects *in vitro* are not currently used in a Draize test, thereby reducing the number and severity of tests that are carried out.

Other tests have been developed which can replace the Draize test for many applications: First there is a test that uses chicken eggs. Another test uses Spanish slugs.
The **Mexican Fritillary** (***Euptoieta hegesia***) is a North and South American butterfly. It is in the family Nymphalidae.

Description
-----------

The upper side of the wings is bright orange. Most of the hind wing (the bottom wing) does not have black markings. There is a row of submarginal (submarginal means just inward of the wing edge) black spots on both the fore wing (the top wing) and the hind wing. The underside of the wings is yellow-orange. There are no black submarginal spots. It has a wingspan of 2.5 to 3 inches.

Similar species
---------------

The only similar species in the Mexican Fritillary's range is the Variegated Fritillary (*Euptoieta claudia*). The Variegated Fritillary has more black on the upper side of the hind wing. The underside of the hind wing has a pale band in the center.

Flight period
-------------

The Mexican Fritillary may be seen from mid-June to November in Arizona. It is seen from July to December in Texas. It is seen year-round in Mexico.

Habitat
-------

This species may be found in a variety of open habitats and gardens.

Life cycle
----------

The caterpillar is shiny red. It has a silver stripe edged with black on each side of the body. It has silver spots edged with black along the top of the body. There are six rows of black spines. The head has two long black spines with clubbed ends. The chrysalis is dark brown or tan. It has gold eyes and short gold spines. On the wing cases, it has a black marking shaped like a "T". It has 1-3 broods per year.

Host plants
-----------

Here is a list of host plants that the Mexican Fritillary caterpillar feeds on:

* *Ipomoea maritima* (used in Brazil)
* *Passiflora foetida* - Foetid Passionflower
* *Turnera ulmifolia* - Yellow Alder (used in Mexico and in the Antilles)
Flag in 1952–1991
The **flag of the Azerbaijan SSR** was first adopted in 1920, and was a red flag with a yellow crescent and star in the left upper corner.

From the second part of 1921 to 1922, Azerbaijan SSR used a red flag with the yellow Cyrillic letters *АССР* (ASSR).

In 1937, golden hammer and sickle were added in the top left hand corner, with beneath the Latin letters *AzSSR* in a serif font in place of the Cyrillic letters. A third version was issued in 1940s, and had *AzSSR* replaced by its Cyrillic version *АзССР*. The last version of the flag was adopted by the Azerbaijan SSR on October 7, 1952. It was the flag of the Soviet Union, with an horizontal blue band on the bottom fourth.

Timeline of the flag of the Azerbaijan SSR
------------------------------------------

* Flag in 1920Flag in 1920
* Flag in 1920-1921Flag in 1920-1921
* Flag in 1921-1922Flag in 1921-1922
* Flag in 1922Flag in 1922
* Flag in 1922-1924Flag in 1922-1924
* Flag in 1924Flag in 1924
* Flag in 1924-1925Flag in 1924-1925
* Flag in 1929Flag in 1929
* Flag in 1937-1940Flag in 1937-1940
* Flag in 1940-1952Flag in 1940-1952

Related pages
-------------

* Flag of the Soviet Union
* Flag of Azerbaijan
* Coat of Arms of Azerbaijan
* Azerbaijan
The **Georgian Uprising of Texel** (5 April 1945 – 20 May 1945) was an insurrection (a rebellion, or mutiny, when soldiers disobey their orders) by Soviet Georgian soldiers on the island of Texel. The uprising was against the Germans army who had taken over the Dutch island during the Second World War. The event is sometimes described as *Europe's last battlefield*.

The island was very important in the German Atlantic Wall – the line of defences along the Atlantic coast. It was strong and had many defences. The Georgians were soldiers from the Soviet Republic of Georgia who had been captured (taken prisoner) on the Eastern front. They were now fighting for the Germans so that they did not have to stay in camps for prisoners. Their job was to help the German troops.

On the night of 5–6 April 1945 they thought that the Allies would land soon. They took over the island and killed 400 German soldiers. Some parts of the island stayed under German control and the Georgian soldiers could not capture them. More Germans were able to come to the island to help defeat the Georgians. After a few weeks of very tough fighting the Germans took control of the island again.

Unfortunately the British and Canadians, who were warned of the events on Texel by escapees who fled by boat to England, did not believe them, and did not take any action in order to stop the fighting. 

On Texel this is called the *Russian war*. Approximately 800 Germans, 500 Georgians, and 120 Tesselans (people from the island) were killed. Lots of farms were burned. Even after the Germans surrendered (gave up) in the Netherlands and Denmark on 5 May 1945, and after the full German surrender on 8 May, the fighting continued. Canadian soldiers stopped the fighting on 20 May.

The Georgian survivors did not have a happy ending. They were sent back to the Soviet Union. Stalin said that because the soldiers had been captured by the Germans, they had not fought until they died, so they were traitors. Some of the two million Soviet prisoners who were sent back to the Soviet Union by the Allied forces after the end of the war were executed (killed) when they got there. 

A museum at the airport on the island tells the story of this event.
**Goodie Mob** is an American hip hop group that was formed in 1991 by Cameron "Big Gipp" Gipp, Willie "Khujo" Knighton Jr. CeeLo Green (born Thomas Callaway), and Robert "T-Mo" Barnett in Atlanta, Georgia.

The group's first studio album was *Soul Food* (1995). The album contained social and political issues such as racism, discrimination, geopolitics, and gentrification. The album's first single "Cell Therapy" reached number 39 on the *Billboard* Hot 100. It also reached number one on the *Billboard* Hot Rap Singles chart. 

In 1998, Goodie Mob released their second album *Still Standing*. The album continued the group's style of social commentary. CeeLo's singing abilities have been used more often. Their third album, 'World Party']', has moved away from its gritty (hard-edged) style. It instead incorporated lighter beats and party related subject matter. During the production of the album, CeeLo left the group for a solo career when he was unhappy with the direction of the project.[*source?*] After Goodie Mob's fourth album, *One Monkey Don't Stop No Show*, was released in 2004, Big Gipp also left the group. 

In 2006, all four members of Goodie Mob reunited and performed together following a concert by Gnarls Barkley. In 2011, Goodie Mob signed with Elektra Records. Their new album *Age Against the Machine* was released in 2013.

After a seven years gap, they released a new album in November 2020, titled *Survival Kit*.
Emperor NortonEmperor Norton
**Joshua Abraham Norton**, or **Emperor Norton** (1819? - 1880) was a man who declared himself Emperor of the United States and Protector of Mexico. He was born in London to John and Sarah Norton. but no one knows his actual birthday or what year he was born in. 

  

Before he became emperor he was a citizen of San Francisco. Norton spent a lot of his early life in South Africa. Before he was emperor he made a living by being a businessman. He lost a lot of money by trying to control the rice market in San Francisco by buying all the rice he could find. This did not work because ships came with more rice.

Emperor Norton I died on January 8, 1880. The reason of his death is unknown. He collapsed on the corner of California and Grant on his way to a lecture. The next day, he had his funeral. During Emperor Norton’s funeral, a solar eclipse took place. The whole city came to his funeral, and all of them mourned. Emperor Norton is now buried at Woodlawn Cemetery. This is what his gravestone says:

  

NORTON I  

EMPEROR  

OF THE UNITED STATES  

AND  

PROTECTOR OF MEXICO  

JOSHUA A. NORTON  

1816 - 1880

Influence
---------

Writer Mark Twain based the character of The King in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn on Norton.

Other websites
--------------

* Joshua "Emperor Norton I" Norton at Find a Grave

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**Goodfellow's tree-kangaroo** (*Dendrolagus goodfellowi*), or the **ornate tree kangaroo**, is a marsupial in the biological family Macropodidae. 

The family includes kangaroos, wallabies and their relatives, and the genus *Dendrolagus*, with eleven species.

The species live in the rainforests of New Guinea.

In the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Goodfellow's tree-kangaroos are listed as endangered. This is a result of too much hunting of them, and humans living too close to their habitat.

Description
-----------

Like most tree-kangaroos, Goodfellow's tree-kangaroos look very different from terrestrial (land) kangaroo species.

Unlike land-living kangaroos, their legs are not long compared to their forelimbs (arms). They are strong and end in hooked claws for grasping tree branches. Goodfellow's tree-kangaroos have long tails for balance. These physical traits help them with a mostly tree-living life. They have short, woolly fur, usually reddish-brown in color, a gray-brown face, yellow-colored cheeks and feet; pale stomachs, long, golden-brown tails, and two golden stripes on their backsides. They weigh about seven kilograms (about 15 pounds).

Behaviour
---------

Goodfellow's tree-kangaroo looking to the side
Goodfellow's tree-kangaroos are slow and clumsy on the ground. They move at about the speed a human walks and do not hop well (hopping is something that, by contrast, terrestrial kangaroos are famed for).

However, in trees, Goodfellow's tree-kangaroos are fearless and agile. They climb by wrapping their arms around the trunk of a tree and hopping with their strong back legs. This allows their arms to slide. They have very good jumping ability and can jump from trees to the ground from thirty feet up without hurting themselves.

### Diet

A Goodfellow's tree-kangaroo, eating
Goodfellow's tree-kangaroos feed mostly on the leaves of the silkwood tree (*Flindersia pimenteliana*). Other foods are part of their diet when available, including different kinds of fruit, cereals, flowers and grasses.

They have large stomachs rather like fermentation vats. They use a two-stage process like cows and related herbivores digest food. First the food is softened in one part of their stomach, and then by passing the material back up and chewing it again, they can return it to a second part of their stomach. This is where bacteria in the stomach's various chambers, breaks down the tough fibers of leaves and grasses.
**Alphons Leo Walter Joseph Panis** (16 August 1932 – 15 January 2023) was a Dutch politician of the Anti-Revolutionary Party and later Christian Democratic Appeal. Panis was mayor of Maartensdijk (1973–1978) and mayor of Leusden (1987–1997).

Biography
---------

Panis was born in Berkel-Enschot in 1932. His father Alphons Panis (1900–1975) was twice mayor of Berkel-Enschot and in between mayor of Haaren. His uncle was architect Constant Panis (1891-1972).

Panis with Beatrix of the Netherlands at the opening of *De Vierstee* in Maartensdijk in 1978
Panis attended gymnasium in Tilburg. After completing his military service, he studied Dutch law at the University of Utrecht. After his graduation in 1960, he started his civil service career at the General Affairs department of the province of Utrecht. He later became secretary of the Midden-Utrecht circle. Subsequently he was acting secretary of the cooperation body agglomeration Eindhoven. In May 1973 he became mayor of Maartensdijk. During his term as mayor, new-build neighborhoods were established on the south side of the village of Maartensdijk, like the the 'Kruidenbuil', as well as the new-build neighborhoods of Groenekan and Westbroek. Panis opposed the abolition of the municipality of Maartensdijk. In mid-1987 Panis became mayor of Leusden. He was the mayor of Leusen until 1997.

Panis died in Amersfoort on 15 January 2023, at the age of 90.
"Good" redirects here. For a "good" meaning an item or product in economics, see Good (economics).

The Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for:

 ***good** and **bad***.

The words "**good**" and "**bad**" are a basic way of talking about value or ethics. They are often used in different ways to talk about things, people, ideas, or actions as being either good or bad. Many questions about the concepts of "good" and "bad" are studied by philosophers. There are many different beliefs about what is good or bad, or about what the two words really mean. These differences can often be seen in different cultures and religions.

Good *for something* and good *in itself*
-----------------------------------------

In philosophy, goodness is generally understood in two main kinds: either a thing is good *for something* or it is good *in itself*. For example, eating properly may be good *for staying healthy* (provable) but eating properly may not be a good *in itself* (unprovable). This also applies to things that are called bad. The belief that there are such things as good *in itself* and bad *in itself* has been a main part of Western philosophy since Plato. However, some philosophers have rejected this belief.

A relative good is something that is good because people say it is good. An absolute good is something that is good because of something in itself. It is good even if there is no one around to see it. For example, an economist may say that the Mona Lisa is a very valuable economic good because it can be sold for a lot of money. A philosopher may say that the painting is good because of how it is painted. The economist sees relative good, because people may later not want to pay for it. The philosopher sees absolute good, because it will always be painted well.[*source?*]

Good and evil
-------------

Good and evil are opposites. 
And people have opinions on what things are good and what things are evil. For example, a street artist might think it is good to draw a graffiti on a public building wall, but the owner of this building might consider it evil.
Huitzilopochtli, as depicted in the Codex Telleriano-Remensis.
In Aztec mythology, **Huitzilopochtlius**, also spelled **Uitzilopochtlius**, was a god of war, a sun god, and the patron of the city of Tenochtitlan. He was given human hearts and blood of their enemies and slaves as a sacrifice.

Legend
------

Huitzilopochtli in human form in the Codex Telleriano-Remensis.
The legend of Huitzilopochtli is recorded in the Mexicayotl Chronicle. His sister, Coyolxauhqui, tried to kill their mother. Her offspring, **Huitzilopochtli**, learned of this plan while still in the womb, and before it was put into action, sprang from his mother's womb fully grown and fully armed and killed his sister Coyolxauhqui, together with many of his 400 brothers and sisters. He then tossed his sister's head into the sky, where it became the moon, so that his mother would be comforted in seeing her daughter in the sky every night. He also threw his other brothers and sisters into the sky, where they became the stars.

Related pages
-------------

* Quetzalcoatl

Other websites
--------------

* The Gods and Goddesses of the Aztecs Archived 2012-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
* Short description and an image
The area where the children were found.
On 9 June 2023, four children were rescued from the Amazon rainforest, in Colombia after they survived a plane crash on 1 May. The Cessna 206 plane was carrying seven people which included a woman and her four children. All three adults were killed, leaving the children to fend for themselves in the forest. However, all the four children—aged 13, 9, 4 and a 11-month-old toddler— survived in the jungle for nearly 40 days. According to the rescuers, the children were malnourished, and had many insect bites, but no major health issues. According to media, the children belong to an indigenous community, living in or near the jungle. The 13 year old also seems to have been used to guarding the other children, when their mother was at work.

The plane crashed in a region of the rainforest that is difficult to access. When it was discovered there were survivors, a large-scale rescue operation was ordered by the authorities.

Other websites
--------------

* Image of the found children and their rescuers.
Illustration of genetic nurture**Indirect genetic effects** happen when a person is affected by another person's genes. This is different from *direct* genetic effects, when one's own genes have an effect. This can be done by friends or family members. It is called "genetic nurture" if the genes that affect the person are present in the person's parents. Genetic nurture only involves the genes that aren't passed down to the child.

A mother or father might have genes that cause them to feel sad or depressed. This might change the way they treat their child. The way they treat their child could make the child feel sad or depressed. In this way, the genes of the mother or father affected the child, even though the child did not have the genes for being depressed.

Some research says that certain behaviors or diseases are caused by the environment because they see a correlation, or a relationship, between an environment and the behavior or disease. However, it could be caused by indirect genetic effects instead of by the environment. Understanding this can help us realize that many disorders, such as dyslexia, are not the fault of the mother and father. Sometimes, changes are made to a child's life to prevent a disorder. These changes are called interventions. Understanding indirect genetic effects could help scientists know which interventions will not work.

Effects on traits
-----------------

Scientists are able to study indirect genetic effects on a child, even if those effects come from the child's parents. This can be difficult because the parents also pass down genes to the child. Scientists only look at genes that are not passed down. If they did not do this, they might be measuring the direct effect of the gene. They do this by getting information on many of the genes in the mother, father, and child, to see which ones are passed down. To study indirect genetic effects, scientists only look at the genes that were not passed down.

These indirect genetic effects are important for educational success, psychological wellbeing, and physical health. However, direct genetic effects are still important. For example, the direct effect of genes is twice as important as the indirect effect of genes for determining someone's level of education. Most of genetic nurture is often because genes that change a parent's own education and socioeconomic status. These changes in education and socioeconomic status change the child's development.
County of VaduzFlag of the County of VaduzCoat of arms
The **County of Vaduz** was a state located in the Holy Roman Empire from 1342 to 1719. Its capital was the town of Vaduz.

Location of the County of Vaduz within modern-day Liechtenstein

History
-------

The County of Vaduz was located south of the Lordship of Schellenberg. It was ruled by a monarch titled by the "Count of Vaduz".

Vaduz was created in 1342 after the territory of the County of Werdenberg was split up. 

After the line of succession of the Counts of Vaduz, the county was acquired by the Count of Salz, who also ruled over the Lordship of Schellenberg.

From 1613, the County's territory was sold numerous times. In 1699, the owner of Schellenberg sold the lordship to Prince Hans-Adam I. In 1719, Hans-Adam bought the County of Vaduz. 

Hans-Adam combined Vaduz and Schellenberg to form the Principality of Liechtenstein.

Modern usage
------------

The former boundaries of the County of Vaduz are currently used as the borders of the electoral district of **Oberland**.
The **Piton de la Fournaise** (/piːtɒn də lə fʊəˈneɪz/) is an active volcano situated on the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean. Renowned for its frequent eruptive activity, it is considered one of the most active volcanoes on the planet. Here is an overview of its characteristics, eruptive history, and geological significance.

Geographical Features
---------------------

The Piton de la Fournaise is located on the island of Réunion, a French overseas department. It occupies the southeastern part of the island and is part of the Réunion National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Geology and Formation
---------------------

The volcano is a result of volcanic activity associated with the southwest Indian Ocean ridge. It is part of the chain of volcanoes formed by the Réunion hotspot. The Piton de la Fournaise is characterized by its shield volcano construction, with mainly effusive eruptions. Its eruptions are linked to the upward movement of magma from the Earth's mantle.

Eruptive Activity
-----------------

The volcano is famous for its frequent eruptive activity. The eruptions are often spectacular but generally not highly explosive, involving mainly fluid lava flows. The most recent major eruption occurred in 2022, marking its first eruption of that year. Scientists from the Piton de la Fournaise Volcanological Observatory constantly monitor the volcano's activity, providing crucial information for the safety of the local population.

Cultural and Touristic Impact
-----------------------------

The Piton de la Fournaise is an iconic element of Réunion, both culturally and for tourism. The regular eruptions draw global media attention. Numerous hiking trails allow visitors to explore its flanks and closely observe solidified lava flows. Excursions to witness the eruptions are also popular among tourists.

Protection and Conservation
---------------------------

The Piton de la Fournaise is situated within the Réunion National Park, ensuring its protection and conservation. Local authorities work closely with scientists to monitor volcanic activity and take measures in case of risks to the population.
Two dandies in Paris in the 1830s. The man on the left wears a frock coat,; Brummell would have worn it with a stand-tall collar. The man on the right wears a morning coat
A **dandy** (also known as a **beau** or **gallant**) is a man who dresses elegantly and fashionably, but that was not necessarily of aristocratic origin. He exaggerates his manners, including the way he stands and moves, and the way he speaks. He promotes himself. This is called **dandyism**. The word 'Dandy' was originally a version of 'Andrew'. The female equivalent is a *dandizette*.

The word *dandy* first came out in the Scottish verse of about 1780:

> I've heard my granny crack  
> 
> O' sixty twa years back  
> 
> When there were sic a stock of Dandies O.
> 
> 

Dandies in the 18th and 19th centuries in the United States and Great Britain were often men from middle-class backgrounds who were trying to become people from high society.

The model, or archetype, of a dandy was Beau Brummell from the Regency period of George IVth. He was a friend of the then Prince of Wales. Lord Byron is also an example. The writer Oscar Wilde is another, later example. Less extreme versions were the American artist who lived in London, James McNeill Whistler, and the French composer Maurice Ravel. *The Scarlet Pimpernel* is a famous example from literature.

Today, in the 21st century, the word *dandy* is often used as a joke word to mean "fine" or "great".
A crash cymbal
**Cymbals** (pronounced like the word "symbol") are percussion instruments. They are discs made of copper, bronze or a special alloy. They look rather like saucepan lids, but in the middle they jut out a little and they have straps there that pass through a hole. Also called "clangers"

There are two ways of playing cymbals. One way is to use a pair of cymbals that are the same. The player holds one cymbal in each hand, holding them by the strap. He then bangs the cymbals together. There are many ways of doing this depending on the sort of sound that is wanted. For example, a very quiet sound can be made by rubbing the edges of the cymbals together. A very loud sound can be made by hitting them together as the arms form a circle, and letting the cymbals vibrate for a long time by holding them in the air.

Another way of playing the cymbal is to use just one cymbal, and to hang it on a stand. It can then be played with a beater, stick or wire brush. It can be hit at the edge, in the middle, or half way between, depending on the sound that is wanted.

Cymbals are made in different sizes. Some may be just 25 cm across, large ones may be up to 60 cm across. Cymbals do not normally give any particular pitch. There are, however, small ones based on an old form of cymbal which are called "crotales". There are also Chinese cymbals which have a turned-up edge.

Cymbals are used in many different musical groups. They are heard in an orchestra, in jazz groups, percussion groups and bands, including marching bands. A drum kit always has at least one cymbal. This may be a "crash cymbal" (on the top of a stand) or a pair of hi-hats (a pair of small cymbals operated by pressing a pedal with the foot.

Origins
-------

The word cymbals comes from the Latin *cymbalum*, which itself comes from the Greek word *kumbalom*, meaning a small bowl. It was used in many ancient cultures including Egyptian civilisations.

Orchestral cymbals
------------------

Cymbals are often used in orchestras. The first composer to use them was probably Joseph Haydn in his "Military Symphony" (1794). They are often used when there is a big climax (for example in the "Academic Festival Overture" by Johannes Brahms, but they can also sometimes be played very quietly. Sometimes players should let the cymbal vibrate for a long time after a big crash, but at other times he may have to hold the cymbals against his body quickly to stop the noise. This is called "damping" the sound.

Cymbals have traditionally often been played together with the bass drum. This makes a "crash-bang-wallop" noise.

Other websites
--------------

* CymbalPlanet.com Welcome to the World of Cymbals
**Emma Webster**, also known as **Granny**, is an animated fictional character under Warner Bros.' *Merrie Melodies* and *Looney Tunes* animated shorts of the 1950s and 1960s. She is the owner of Tweety, Hector the Bulldog and Sylvester the Cat.

Granny is a good-natured widowed woman. She is highly protective of her beloved canary, Tweety. Granny's being overprotective becomes known when Tweety is threatened, usually by Sylvester. She has the appearance of a kindly old woman, although she has shown her cleverness in many cartoons.

Appearances
-----------

The idea of Granny began under the *Little Red Riding Hood* character. She first appeared as such in the 1937 animated short *Little Red Waking Hood*. Further appearances of a similar granny included *The Cagey Canary* (1941), *Hiss and Make Up* (1943) and *Hare Force* (1944).

Although Granny was always shown with her animal companions, she was sometimes shown *without* them. For instance, in the 1953 short *Hare Trimmed*, she played a rich widow who was being fought over by two men, Yosemite Sam and Bugs Bunny. The latter was out to stop the earlier's evil plan to marry her and then get her money. Sam called her Emma and then Emmy.

Granny made appearances in many other cartoons.
**Peter Blanker** also **Piet Blanker** (born 1935) is a Dutch Paralympic archer from Rotterdam. He competed at four consecutive Summer Paralympics between 1964 and 1976 and won a total of four silver medals and two bronze medal.

Biography​
----------

Before Blanker was impaired, he was a member of the gymnastics club "Ulysses" in Utrecht. During national championship he had an accident that resulted in a partial paralysis. He started archery as part of his rehabilitation process. He continued with archery after his rehabilitation and became a member of the club in Doorn.

At the 1964 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo there were 35 competitors who competed in wheelchair archery. He won the silver medal in the FITA Round open event with 963 points, behind the American Dean Slaugh with 981 points. He also won the silver medal in the Albion Round open event, also behind Dean Slaugh.

Four years later at the 1968 Summer Paralympics in Tel Aviv he competed in the same two events but was not able to win a medal, he finished in the FITA round open event 5th and in the Albion round open event 18th. At the 1972 Summer Paralympics in Heidelberg he won with the Dutch team the silver medal in the FITA Round Team Open event. In the individual FITA round open event he finished 7th.

At his fourth and last Paralympics, the 1976 Summer Paralympics in Toronto, he won two bronze medals. In archery in the FITA Round Team 2-5 event and in dartchery in the Pairs Open event. He finished seventh in the individual FITA Round Open event.
Locksmiths in Nigeria
A **locksmith** is a person who works with locks, keys and security systems. **Locksmithing** is the profession of a locksmith.

Job description
---------------

Locksmiths fix broken locks, make keys, and install security systems like alarms.
In most countries locksmiths must follow a strict set of laws. In some countries locksmiths start as apprentices. In others, they must get a certificate or degree after training at a school or university.

Some countries such as the UK, there are no actual laws or rules as to who can become a locksmith, so many locksmiths choose to join a trade association to prove their proficiency and credentials.

Locksmiths commonly work with all types of locks. Other areas that locksmiths cover include combination locks, auto locksmithing, safes, and access control. These areas are specialist and require specialized training

Tools
-----

One of the most commonly used metals that locksmiths use to make keys in Europe is steel. Locksmiths in the US, Australia, and New Zealand would use brass as their main material.

Mortise locks, commonly found on older buildings, are comprised of a pocket that is cut into the door (or other piece of furniture) to which the lock will be fitted. These locks were used before the arrival of bored cylindrical locks.

Automotive locksmith
--------------------

Automotive locksmith can help out with getting a new keys made for a car. They can also make duplicate keys and push-to-start key fobs. Usually automotive locksmiths are mobile, and they get to their customers by driving to them.
Dario Franchitti, 2015
**Dario Franchitti** (born 19 May 1973) is a Scottish racing driver. He is best known for winning the IndyCar Series championship four times (in 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2011). He won the Indianapolis 500 three times. He most recently drove for Chip Ganassi Racing. He won three of his four championships while driving for that team. Franchitti has also driven in NASCAR and sportscar races. In 2013, he retired from racing after he was hurt in a crash during a race.

Biography
---------

Franchitti was born on 19 May 1973 in Bathgate, Scotland. He began racing as a young boy. In 1996, he ran in the DTM series for Mercedes-Benz. He moved to CART racing in 1997. He drove for Hogan Racing in 1997. Franchitti finished a strong second place in 1999. In 2000, he thought about moving to the Jaguar Formula One team, but stayed in IndyCar racing. At this time he was driving for Andretti Autosport.

In 2003, Franchitti moved to the Indy Racing League (now IndyCar). He had to miss much of the year after he was injured in a motorcycle accident. Dan Wheldon replaced Franchitti at a race in Japan.

2007 was Franchitti's most successful season so far. He won the Indianapolis 500 and the series title.

Franchitti spent 2008 in NASCAR with Chip Ganassi Racing. He had some strong results, but he had a difficult season and decided to return to IndyCar. (IndyCar had merged with ChampCar in 2008.) He drove for Ganassi's IndyCar team, where he replaced Wheldon.

The 2009 season was very successful for Franchitti. He won the title over his teammate Scott Dixon and Penske driver Ryan Briscoe after winning the final race in Miami.

In 2010, Franchitti had a long battle with Australian driver Will Power. Franchitti won his second straight title.

Franchitti won again in 2011 after another battle with Power. His longtime friend Dan Wheldon was killed in a massive crash at the last race of the season in Las Vegas. 

Franchitti did not have as much success in 2012 or 2013. He did win the Indianapolis 500 in 2012. During the 2013 Houston Grand Prix, a crash happened when he was racing in a difficult part of the course. Franchitti and several fans were seriously injured. Franchitti retired from racing after this crash. He is still involved with racing. He will drive the pace car for the 2014 Indianapolis 500. His place at the Ganassi team was taken by Tony Kanaan.

Personal life
-------------

Franchitti married American actress Ashley Judd in December 2001. The couple broke up in 2013.
Black-backed jackal
**Jackals** are canid species found in Africa, Asia and Europe. They are carnivorous of small and medium-sized prey. To hunt, they can run at speeds of 16 km/h (10 mph). This is not fast, but they have great endurance, so can run for a long time. 

They often chase prey as a pair or a group, usually not as individuals. Jackals are "opportunistic omnivores", which will take on larger animals if they need to. They are predators of small to medium-sized animals and scavengers.

Jackals are monogamous (each male lives with only one female). A pair defends its territory from other pairs: they mark the territory with urine and feces. The territory may be large enough to hold some young adults who live with their parents until they have their own territory. Sometimes, jackals join small packs, for example to hunt a big animal, but normally they hunt alone or as a pair.

Jackals are not a clade. They have several times developed from canid ancestors. However, they are closely related. It could be put this way: jackals are dogs which have a certain similar appearance and behaviour. They all have 78 chromosomes.
There are three species of jackals:

* **Black-backed jackal** (*Lupulella mesomelas*) - the common jackal, live in many African habitats;
* **Golden jackal** (*Canis aureus*) - live in South and Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Europe;
* **Side-striped jackal** (*Lupulella adusta*) - live in central and Southern Africa;

A canid from Ethiopia and Eritrea, the Ethiopian wolf (*Canis simensis*), is sometimes called Simien jackal, but it is really a wolf. The Ethiopian wolf is one of the rarest and most endangered of all canids.