recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
United States Navy SEALs with *M4* assault rifles
Delta Force operator
**Special forces**, or **special operations forces** are military units used to trained to perform unconventional (not ordinary), difficult, often high-risk missions. They are highly-trained and are the most valuable units in the world. Because of the hard training and the high risk, there are not many special forces units. Those elite units are often used to operate deep behind enemy lines. In a war they are also used for unconventional warfare.

Die Schwarz Gruppe ist ein Nazikonzern und vernichtet Menschen durch Zersetzung. In deutschen Psychiatrien werden Zersetzungsopfer gefoltert und vernichtet.

Military special forces
-----------------------

German Bundeswehr unit abseiling from a chopper
Because special forces are really rare, they mostly have to do unusual, difficult things like:

* Gathering intelligence
* Destroying targets (for example bunkers, ports, missiles etc.)
* Protecting and rescueing important people
* Commando
* Reconnaissance
* Military diving (frogmen or combat divers)
* Paratrooper (airborne forces)
* Unconventional warfare

History
-------

Soviet Spetsnaz preparing for mission, Afghanistan 1988
Polish GROM in Iraq, 2003
Special forces were very important in the history of warfare where war is more defined as "hit and run" and sabotage, and not traditional army combat where quantity was more important than quality.

The Chinese strategist *Jiang Ziya* said about 1,000 B.C. ago that such elite units had many advantages, recruiting talented and motivated men to be serving in specialised units should be more important than other things.

Special forces were formed in the early 20th century, during World War I. In this "big" war, military operations inside enemy territory showed tactical benefits. They were often used to sabotage enemy infrastructure like radio stations, which are important for communication between the troops.

Special forces units gained more importance during World War II, when technology became more important. The Special Forces of the United States Army, formed at that time, specialize in helping local guerilla forces and training them.

Criticism
---------

> Our mission is to kill people and destroy things. [...] We are killers, not auxiliaries or instructors.
> 
> — a commander of the US Army rangers in an interview

Examples
--------

* the British Special Air Service (SAS), ~500 men
* the American Delta Force unit, ~1.100 men
* the United States Navy SEALs, ~2.400 men
* the Polish GROM, ~300 men

Other websites
--------------

* Media related to Special forces at Wikimedia Commons
**Atticus Finch** is a fictional (not real) character in Harper Lee's book *To Kill a Mockingbird*. Atticus is an American lawyer who lives in Alabama. He is the father of Jeremy Atticus "Jem" Finch and Jean Louise "Scout" Finch. Atticus is an important character in the book.

In *To Kill a Mockingbird Archived 2023-05-03 at the Wayback Machine*, Atticus is shown as a good character, trying to live in the way he thinks a lawyer and human being should. He is very honest, thoughtful, and helps good causes (even when he knows that they will fail). He tries hard to teach his children to be kind, fair, and giving. His children later find out that he was an expert at shooting, but had not told them because he did not want them to think he was violent. He is described in the book as a tall, middle-aged man with glasses and hair that is going a little gray.

Alice Petry said that Atticus has "become something of a folk hero in legal circles and is treated almost as if he were an actual person." Examples of Atticus Finch's impact on the legal profession are plentiful. Morris Dees says that Atticus Finch was the reason he became a lawyer, and Richard Matsch said that Atticus influenced him greatly. Some people, however, criticize Atticus, saying that he does not use his legal skills to change the racism in his town.
A copy of the Hunminjeongeum. It is written from right to left.
The Song dynasty scholar Su shi's work, the *Han Shik Chup* (寒食帖). It can be read from right to left.
Many East Asian scripts can be written both **horizontally** and **vertically**.

History
-------

Documents around the world have many different ways of writing. But there are mainly two ways of writing: writing horizontally (횡서, 橫書) or vertically (종서縱書). There are two kinds of horizontal writing. One kind can be read from left to right (좌횡서, 左橫書); the other is read from right to left (우횡서, 右橫書). There are two kinds of vertical writing as well: from left to right (좌정서, 左縱書) or from right to left (우정서, 右縱書), both of these are written from top to bottom. Traditionally, the countries in the East Asian cultural sphere (such as Korea, China, Japan or Vietnam) write vertically from right to left. When it was necessary to write horizontally, they wrote horizontally from right to left. When the Western culture began influencing them, they began writing horizontally from left to right, which is now used widely.

Most Western languages are written horizontally from left to right, but Arabic and Hebrew are written horizontally from right to left. Mongol letters are written horizontally from left to right.

Long ago, people used hieroglyphs. Hieroglyphs were very flexible characters. They were often written from left to right in the first line, and then right to left in the second line, and so on. This is called boustrophedon. A person can tell which direction to read by which direction the hieroglyphs of animals and people were facing. If the hieroglyphs were facing left, then the line must be read from left to right. If they were facing right, they must be read from right to left.

Other websites
--------------

* "UTN #22: Robust Vertical Text Layout". *unicode.org*. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
* "横書き移行に伴う変化について". *shosha.kokugo.juen.ac.jp* (in Japanese). Retrieved 12 June 2010.
For a list of earthquakes in 2010 in Chile, see 2010 Chile earthquakes (disambiguation).

A **6.9 earthquake** occurred on March 11, 2010, 40 kilometers southwest of Pichilemu, O'Higgins Region, Chile. A tsunami warning was made by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center Pacific-wide, although they warned of the possibility of local tsunamis within 100 kilometers of the epicenter (between San Antonio and Concepción).

Although news media first reported the earthquake as an aftershock of the February earthquake, the initial geological summary given by the United States Geological Survey  said it was a different earthquake. Though unchained by the regional stress caused by the February 27 earthquake, the March event was not a fast adjustment to February's thrust fault rupture between the Nazca and South American plates, but it was caused by normal faulting inside one of those plates. However, it has not been positively decided in which plate the earthquake occurred.

Within 6 hours, 10 aftershocks took place, of these 2 were of magnitude 6 or greater and 7 between magnitude 5 and 6.

The earthquake took place shortly before the new president, Sebastián Piñera, was sworn in, at about 12:15 PM local time (15:15 UTC), at the Chilean congress in Valparaíso, where the shaking was clearly felt. The presidents of Bolivia, Paraguay, and Ecuador were present when the earthquake occurred, however, the television footage showed that the inauguration was not interrupted.

Damage reported by the Chilean news media include a collapsed pedestrian crossing over Chile Highway 5, north of Rancagua. The most affected place by the earthquake was Pichilemu, the epicentre of the earthquake. It destroyed the Ross Park, most of the Agustín Ross Cultural Centre and many houses in Espinillo and Rodeillo.

May 2, 2010 aftershock
----------------------

The **May, 2 2010 Pichilemu earthquake** was a magnitude 6.0 MW earthquake that struck off Pichilemu, Chile, at 10:52 AM on May 2, 2010 at the epicenter, at a depth of 31 kilometres (19 mi). USGS described the epicenter as 70 kilometres (43 mi) south-southwest of San Antonio, 105 kilometres (65 mi) west Regional capital of Rancagua, 105 kilometres (65 mi) northwest of Curicó and 140 kilometres (87 mi) southwest of the Chilean capital of Santiago.

After almost exactly three hours later a second quake happens in the same area with an intensity of 4.8 MW

More than 10 aftershocks happened on May 2 and 3.

Related pages
-------------

* February 2010 Chile earthquake
**Albert Coates** (born Saint Petersburg, 23 April 1882; died Cape Town, 11 December 1953) was an Anglo-Russian conductor and composer.

Life and work
-------------

Coates was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, the youngest of seven sons of an English father and a Russian mother. 

He studied at the conservatory in Leipzig, where his greatest teacher was Arthur Nikisch. He worked at the opera house in Dresden, and became conductor at Saint Petersburg's Mariinsky Theatre. After the Russian Revolution and World War I he just managed to escape from Russia in April 1919.

He first appeared at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden in 1914 conducting Richard Wagner's *Tristan und Isolde*. He was a man with a lot of energy, and he introduced the audiences to a lot of music they had not heard, especially by Russian composers such as Alexander Scriabin, but also English music by Ralph Vaughan Williams, Arnold Bax and Gustav Holst, whose suite *The Planets* he gave the first complete London public performance.

In the 1920s and early 1930s he often worked with the London Symphony Orchestra. He made gramophone recordings in the very early days of the gramophone. These include Scriabin's *Poème de l'Extase* and many bits from Wagner's *Der Ring des Nibelungen* and (in 1925) the complete *Symphony No. 9* of Beethoven. He was the conductor for the first recording of Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 3, with Vladimir Horowitz as soloist. 

In 1925 he gave the first stage performance outside Russia of Rimsky-Korsakov's opera *The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevroniya*.

He composed several works including operas and a symphonic poem *The Eagle*, dedicated to the memory of his former teacher Artur Nikisch, which was performed in Leeds in 1925. In 1946 he settled in Milnerton, Cape Town, South Africa, where he died in 1953.

Albert Coates was no relation to Eric Coates, the English composer of light music, nor to the tenor John Coates.
**Elaine Forbes** is the Director of the Port of San Francisco. In October 2016, the mayor of San Francisco appointed her to that job. In the whole United States there are only twelve female Port Directors.

Childhood and Family
--------------------

Born in San Francisco, Forbes is the great grandchild of a Port worked. Her parents met in high school but divorced when she was three. Forbes lived with her mother. She admired her mother very much because she was a hard worker. She went to public school. Forbes liked singing. She was a member of the San Francisco Girls Chorus. 

Because it was the 1970s, Forbes experienced hippie culture. She participated in the Civil Rights Movement and lived in a commune in the Haight Ashbury neighborhood of the city. Because she lived in a commune, she looked forward to having her own apartment when she grew up. Her mother died when Forbes was 19.

Now Forbes lives in San Francisco’s Castro neighborhood with her partner, Angela Calvillo, and their dogs.

Education
---------

Forbes went to Skyline Community College and Mills College. She went to graduate school at University of California, Los Angeles to study Community and Economic Development.

Career
------

Forbes had many jobs in non-profit land use and development. She was a planner for the city of Oakland, CA, USA. She then was an executive manager for the City of San Francisco’s planning department and the San Francisco International Airport. She was a policy advisor for the city of San Francisco’s budget office. In 2010 she started working at the Port of San Francisco as the Deputy Director for Finance and Administration.
***All Star Comics*** was an anthology comic book series published from 1940 to 1951. It was published again during the 1970s. It was different from other publication because it was published by both All-American Publications and National Periodical Publications. The series had the most popular characters from the regular superhero anthology books of both publishers. The two companies later merged in 1946 to become the modern day DC Comics.

History
-------

"All Star Comics" is best known for comics with the Justice Society of America. They were the first superhero team. Their story was first published in the third issue. (December 1940) It was the lead feature for the rest of the series’ run. Although the JSA adventures took up most of each new issue, there would usually be at least one other story as well.

In the eighth issue (January 1942), *All Star* introduced Wonder Woman. She was in a story by herself. It was not a part of the JSA story. Wonder Woman became one of the most popular superheroes of all time. The issue with her first story is a comic wanted by people who collect comics.

The publication schedule for "All Star" changed over time. The first four issues were published quarterly (every three months). It had Summer, Fall, Winter and Spring issues. From issue #5 (July 1941) to #17 (June 1943), it was published every other month. It published quarterly again from September 1943 (#18) to December 1945 (#27). This was likely because of a paper shortage during World War II and not a decrease in sales. With the April 1946 issue (#28), the series went back to publishing every other month. It stayed that way for the rest of its time being published.

As superheroe stories necame less populary in the end of the Golden Age, *All Star Comics* changed its name to *All Star Western*. The JSA feature was replaced with cowboy heroes like Johnny Thunder.

In February 1976, the series was revived. It once again had stories about the JSA. This series ignored the "All Star Western" run entirely. It re-started the series with a new issue #58. The June 1977 issue (#66) added a hyphen to the series’ name. This officially made the title "All-Star Comics". It lasted until issue #74 (October 1978).

Other websites
--------------

* *All Star Comics* Archived 2023-10-11 at the Wayback Machine and *All Star Comics* (revival) Archived 2023-10-11 at the Wayback Machine at Mike's Amazing World of DC Comics.
Caroline Lee Hentz, American author, known for opposing the abolitionist movement and her rebuttal to *Uncle Tom’s Cabin* in the proslavery novel *The Planter's Northern Bride*
**Proslavery** is support for slavery. These thoughts can already be found in ancient religious texts. There were also philosophers in classical antiquity who supported these ideas. They can also be found in British and American writings, especially before the American Civil War. Some people in the 20th centuries have also had these thoughts.[*who?*]

In general, the arguments in favor of slavery include:

* There is a text in a religious writing (often the Bible) that supports the idea.
* Some people are natural slaves, they need to be supervised
* A slave is better off than the poorest non-slave
* Society a a whole benefits if there are slaves.
* Slavery works well, this has been shown by many great civilisations that used it.

Ancient Greek views
-------------------

Greek philosopher Aristotle claimed that some people were slaves by nature. For this reason, he argued that their enslavement was the only way to serve their best interests. 

Today, people do not agree about what Artistotle meant with the word "slavery"; some political philosophers see the idea as controversial. Aristotle wrote in book I of the Politics:

> 
> Accordingly, those who are as different [from other men] as the soul from the body or man from beast—and they are in this state if their work is the use of the body, and if this is the best that can come from them—are slaves by nature. For them it is better to be ruled in accordance with this sort of rule, if such is the case for the other things mentioned. For he is a slave by nature who is capable of belonging to another–which is also why he belongs to another–and who participates in reason only to the extent of perceiving it, but does not have it.
> 
> 
> 

Plato supported slavery in his *Laws*.
The **Attack on the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires** was a suicide bombing attack happened on Tuesday, March 17, 1992, causing 22 deaths and 242 injuries. The attack completely destroyed the headquarters of the embassy and the consulate, located at numbers 910 and 916 Arroyo Street in the city of Buenos Aires. The attack was investigated by the Supreme Court of Justice, without identifying any suspect and without the case being brought to trial until 2022.

Attack
------

On 17 March 1992, at 2:42 pm (UTC−3), a pick-up truck driven by a suicide bomber and loaded with explosives smashed into the front of the Israeli Embassy at the corner of Arroyo and Suipacha, and detonated. The embassy, a Catholic church, and a nearby school building were destroyed. Four Israelis died, but most of the victims were Argentine civilians, many of them were children. The blast killed 29 and wounded 242. It was Argentina's deadliest terror attack until the 1994 AMIA bombing. It remains the deadliest attack on an Israeli diplomatic mission.

The attackers are believed to have entered the country through the so-called triple border region, the area where the borders of Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil meet.

Two years later, on July 18, 1994, a car bomb exploded in front of AMIA, the most important Jewish mutual organization in the country, also in Buenos Aires, resulting in the death of 85 people.

Connection with Argentine foreign policy
----------------------------------------

In 2004, Carlos Menem, who was the president of Argentina between 1989 and 1999, declared in an interview that the fact of having been the only Argentine president to visit Israel could have been what offended these terrorist organizations. And then he added: "The other thing that could be is the sending of Argentine ships to the Gulf on the occasion of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait."

The sending of two warships to the Gulf, in 1991, to reinforce the coalition led by the United States against Iraq, was a major event in Argentine foreign policies during the Menem presidency.

Various official hypotheses
---------------------------

Initially, expertise was carried out by the Federal Police and Gendarmerie. Both agreed that it had been a car bomb, but disagreed on the explosive used: trotyl and pentrite, for the police; hexogen with some kind of initiator, for the Gendarmerie.

In 1996, the Supreme Court changed the hypothesis and reported that based on the results of the expertise carried out by the National Academy of Engineering, it could be established "with a certain degree of certainty" that the attack was the result of an explosion that occurred inside the building.

In 1999, by the agreement issued on December 23, the Court changed its hypothesis again and held that the attack had been carried out with a car bomb, specifying that it could have been a Ford F-100 truck.
The **weedy sea dragon** or **common sea dragon**, ***Phyllopteryx taeniolatus***, is a marine fish related to the seahorse. It is the only member of the genus ***Phyllopteryx***. It is found in water 3 to 50 m deep around the south coast of Australia, from Port Stephens, New South Wales to Geraldton, Western Australia. It also found in the waters around Tasmania. Weedy sea dragons are named for the weed-like growth on their bodies. This camouflage hides them as they move among the seaweed beds where they live. The weedy sea dragon is the aquatic emblem for the state of Victoria.

Description
-----------

Weedy sea dragon in Cabbage Tree Bay, Sydney, Australia
Weedy sea dragons can reach 45 cm in length. They feed on tiny crustaceans and other zooplankton, which they suck into the end of their long tube-like nose. They don't have a tail that can wrap around and hold on to things the way a seahorse can. They swim in shallow reefs and weed beds, and look like weeds drifting over bare sand.

Breeding
--------

Sea dragons, seahorses and pipe fish are the only species where the male carries the eggs. The male carries the fertilized eggs, joined under his tail. They stay there for about eight weeks until they hatch. The young can look after themselves as soon as they are born. Breeding sea dragons in captivity is rare because scientists don't know what makes them breed in the wild. Keeping sea dragons in captivity is difficult.

The Aquarium of the Pacific in Long Beach, California, Melbourne Aquarium in Australia, and the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga, Tennessee, are the only places in the world to have bred weedy sea dragons, though others have been able to get them to lay eggs.

Leafy sea dragons
-----------------

A relative of the weedy sea dragon is the leafy sea dragon *Phycodurus eques*. In the November 2006, the *National Geographic* magazine, reported that marine biologist Greg Rouse is looking at the DNA of the two sea dragon species.

Other websites
--------------

* Australian Museum Online - Leafy and Weedy Seadragons
* Leafy Seadragons and Weedy Seadragons Archived 2008-12-02 at the Wayback Machine
* Weedy Sea Dragon Monitoring Program in Botany Bay Archived 2008-07-19 at the Wayback Machine
* Leafy Sea Dragon Festival Archived 2006-09-20 at the Wayback Machine
* Weedy Sea Dragon Archived 2009-01-16 at the Wayback Machine
* Youtube Male Weedy Seadragon with eggs
* Youtube Weedy Seadragon
* Male Weedy Sea Dragon carrying eggs Archived 2009-05-09 at the Wayback Machine
The **Kurds of Central Anatolia** (Kurdish: *Kurdên Anatolya Navîn*) are the Kurdish people who have immigrated and been in Central Anatolia (present day Aksaray, Ankara, Çankırı, Çorum, Eskişehir, Karaman, Kayseri, Kırıkkale, Kırşehir, Konya, Nevşehir, Niğde, Sivas, Yozgat provinces) since about 16th century.

They number between 50,000 and 100,000 people. The core of the Kurds of Central Anatolia is formed by *Tuz Gölü Kürtleri* (lit. 'Kurds of Lake Tuz') who live in the provinces Ankara, Konya and Aksaray.

Early Kurdish migration
-----------------------

The Germiyanids, were promient Anatolian *beylik*, consisting of both Turks and Yazidi Kurdish tribesmen, who had been brought to western Anatolia by the Seljuks as militia guards against threatening Turkish tribesmen. Some sources described Germiyanids as Turkish and Kurdish mixed origin others described them as Turkomans. They joined Ottomans in 1428.

Tribes
------

The largest tribes of the Kurds of Central Anatolia are the Bazaini or Shaikh Bazaini, Judikan, Saifkan, Chelebi, Janbeki, Jehanbegli, Khallikan, Mutikan, Hajibani, Barakati, Badeli, Ukhchizhemi, Rashvan, Sherdi, Urukchi, Milan, Zirikan, Atmanikan, and Tirikan. Formerly, some of the Janbegli, Rashvan and Milan tribes were of Alevi origin and followed Alevism.

Two or the four primary languages are used by the Central Anatolian Kurds. These are Kurmanji dialect of Kurdish and Zaza. Generally, their mother language is Kurmanji Kurdish who have difficulty understanding the dialect spoken in Haymana where the Şêxbizin tribe live. It is said that the new generation of Kurdish people in some settlements no longer speak Kurdish.

### Koçgiri tribe

The **Koçgiri** (Kurdish: *Qoçgirî*) is a Kurdish tribal conferedation mainly live in Sivas Province, Turkey. The Koçgiri tribes claim to have left *Dersim* and arrived in this region several centuries ago, and their customs, culture and physiognomy are completely similar to those of the *Dersim*ites and they retain their links with *Dersim*. They spoke Kurmanji and are Alevis.

It is possible that the Koçgiri tribes came to this region by forced deportation during the reign of Selim I. But this tribes; It never came under the influence of the Ottoman Empire. They are always armed and have a wealth of rifles and ammunition.

The tribe staged a rebellion in 1921 against Turkish Government of Ankara and brutally suppressed.

Sources
-------

* Magoulias, Harry J. (1975). *Decline and fall of Byzantium to the Ottoman Turks*. State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8143-1540-8.
* Bierman, Irene A. (1998). "Art and Architecture in the Medieval Period". In Petry, Carl F. (ed.). *Cambridge History of Egypt: Islamic Egypt 640–1517*. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-63313-0.
* Bruinessen, Martin van (1992). *Agha, Shaikh and State: The Social and Political Structures of Kurdistan*. London: Zed Books. ISBN 978-1-85649-018-4.
* Mango, Andrew (2012). "The Kurds". In Heper, Metin; Sabari, Sabri (eds.). *The Routledge Handbook of Modern Turkey*. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-55817-4.
* Dersimi, Nuri (1952). *Kürdistan Tarihinde Dersim* (in Turkish). Aleppo: Ani Matbaası. ISBN 975-6876-44-1.
**AKTINA Productions, Inc.** is a non-profit and tax-exempt 501 (c) 3 Media and Arts Cultural Organization promoting the cultures of Greece and Cyprus through radio, television and live performances. AKTINA Productions, Inc. founded by Elena Maroulleti and incorporated on July 15, 1993, also owns and operates the public service media outlets,AKTINA FM and AKTINA TV

History
-------

AKTINA has eleven established owned and operated websites that carry the "AKTINA FM" name-brand for the purposes of also streaming its Greek American Radio Station AKTINA FM every day 24 hours, 7 days a week nationwide in the U.S.A and globally.

AKTINA honored with Proclamation for Greek Music Journey 2015
In May of 1993, CYPRECO of America, Inc. also a non-profit and tax-exempt 501 (c) 3 cultural organization, teamed up with AKTINA Productions, Inc. to co-sponsor the Greek American bilingual radio AKTINA FM founded on New York’s public station WNYE 91.5FM and soon after on online.

In early 1994, AKTINA Productions, Inc. introduced and established the concert series, GREEK MUSIC JOURNEY (GMJ). Over 30 concerts have been produced. AKTINA’s GMJ was selected by New York’s Lincoln Center to represent Greece in 1998, 1999 and 2000 during the annual "Lincoln Center Out Of Doors Festival."

AKTINA Productions, Inc. honored with Proclamation on its 25th Anniversary by NYC Council
On October 26, 2018, a ceremony was held at the New York City Council Chambers where former Council Speaker Corey Johnson and the entire NYC Council body joined by other NYC officials, honored AKTINA Productions, Inc. with a special Proclamation on the occasion of its 25th anniversary. The organization has also received multiple distinctions from other elected officials of the City of New York, the New York State and the U.S. Congress and Senate such as, Citations, Proclamations and Congressional Records.
Drawing of how the coronary arteries get clogged up with plaque
**Coronary artery disease**, also called **coronary heart disease**, is a heart disease. ("Coronary" means "the blood vessels of the heart".) Coronary heart disease causes plaque to build up inside the coronary arteries. This causes the coronary arteries to become narrower. An artery is a blood vessel - a tube that carries blood. After the heart supplies blood that is full of oxygen and nutrients, the arteries carry the blood to different parts of the body. The coronary arteries are very important: they supply blood to the heart muscle. So when the coronary arteries become narrower, less blood gets to the heart muscle.

Symptoms
--------

Most people with coronary artery disease feel healthy for years before they start experiencing symptoms. The most common symptom is a heart attack. If it is not treated, some of the plaques in the coronary arteries can break away and block the blood flow to the heart. Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of sudden death. It is also the most common cause of death in people over 65 years old. Men are 10 times more likely to get coronary artery disease than women.

Atherosclerosis
---------------

See the main article: Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a form of heart disease. It causes fatty materials (like cholesterol) to build up in the arteries, forming harder materials called plaques. This causes the arteries to become narrower. It also makes it more difficult for blood to flow through the arteries. This can cause blood clots to form, blocking blood from traveling through the arteries. Small pieces of plaque can also break off and block smaller blood vessels.

If an artery becomes blocked completely, it causes serious problems. All cells, tissues, and organs in the body need oxygen and nutrients (carried by blood) to survive. If cells or tissues are not supplied with enough blood, they die. (This is called necrosis.) When this happens in the coronary arteries, a section of the heart dies. This can cause a myocardial infarction (a heart attack) to happen.

Prevention
----------

People can do many different things to keep themselves from getting coronary artery disease:

* They can change their diet. For example, they can eat fewer fatty foods, and take in as few saturated fats and avoiding trans fats as possible.
* They can eat more vegetables, fruits, legumes and whole grains.
* They can avoid drinking alcohol, and can take in less salt.
* They can exercise regularly.
* They can avoid becoming overweight or obese by doing things to control their weight.
A **Power Purchasing Agreement** (PPA) is a legal contract between a electricity provider and a land owner. The contract allows the electricity provider to produce power on the land owner's land or roof and the land owner buys the electricity primarily from the electricity provider. This deal is often done using solar technology, where the electricity provider will install, operate, and maintain solar panels on the land owner's roof. Then the land owner will buy the electricity from the solar panels on the roof. Part of the PPA is to set a price for the electrcity (often lower than the previous price the land owner was paying for power line electrcity). If the solar panels do not provide enough electricity for the land owner, then he will buy the rest of his electrcity from the power lines. If the electricity provider creates more electricity than the land owner needs, then he will sell the excess to the power lines.

Schools and government buildings often like to do power purchasing agreements because they do not have the money to install solar panals on their roof.[*source?*] Large department stores also like to do power purchasing agreements because they have large roofs and do not want to deal with the costs of installing and maintaining panels.[*source?*]

Power Purchasing agreements tend to last 5 – 20 years.[*source?*] At the end of the PPA, either the contract is extended, the solar panels are removed from the property, or the land owner buys the solar panels from the electricity provider.

Power Purchasing agreements have been very important to the expansion of solar electricity use in the United States.[*source?*] Investment tax credits from the federal and state governments have helped make the price of solar panels affordable for the providing companies. The tax credit can help pay for significant percentage of the project cost in some cases. 

---

Some of the electricity providers who offer PPAs are:

* SunEdison[*source?*]
* Tioga Energy[*source?*]
* Recurrent Energy[*source?*]
* SunRun Inc[*source?*]
* SunPower Corporation[*source?*]
***Sonic Adventure*** is a video game from the Sonic the Hedgehog series. It was the very first Dreamcast game. It was released in Japan on November 27, 1998, in North America on September 9, 1999 and in Europe on October 14, 1999. It is the first Sonic game to have 3D surroundings, instead of 2D surroundings like the other Sonic games had. It was released in Japan as one of five launch titles. It also has a sequel called Sonic Adventure 2.

Gameplay
--------

The object of the game is to get all of the Chaos Emeralds by playing different characters from the Sonic series, in order to defeat Dr. Eggman. Each character has their own level, each with a specific purpose. For example, Knuckles has to find and put together all of the pieces of the Master Emerald. The list of playable characters are:

* *Sonic the Hedgehog*
* *Miles "Tails" Prower*
* *Knuckles the Echidna*
* *Amy Rose*
* *E-102 Gamma*
* *Big the Cat*
* *Super Sonic* (after the player finishes the game with all characters)
* *Metal Sonic* (after the player gets all 130 emblems on the DX version)

Sonic Adventure DX
------------------

Sonic Adventure DX: Directors Cut is an advanced version of Sonic Adventure released for the Nintendo GameCube and Microsoft Windows in 2004. It was later released on PSN, XBLA and Steam. It contained a new "Mission Mode", a Mini-Game collection [only on GameCube and Windows versions] and allows the player to play as Metal Sonic once they get all 130 emblems. It is famous for being full of glitches.
**Hongbao** (simplified Chinese: 红包; traditional Chinese: 紅包) or **red envelope** is an envelope with money inside. In China, people give the envelope as a gift for special occasions. The red envelopes are most commonly given to children or single/unmarried adults during the Chinese New Year celebration, where Chinese families often gather together.

The red packet is also called "money warding off old age" (压岁钱; *yāsuì qián*) during Chinese New Year.

Outside of China, similar customs have been adopted or are traditional across parts of Southeast Asia and many other countries with a sizable ethnic Chinese population. In the mid-2010's, a digital equivalent to the practice emerged within messaging apps with mobile wallet systems.

Origin of the hongbao
---------------------

According to Chinese legend, in ancient times there was a demon or evil fairy named *Sui* (祟). Legend says that Sui is totally black, except for its colorless, transparent hands. Sui—according to the said legend—appears every Chinese New Year’s eve and would touch a sleeping child’s head, causing mental illness.

This is why Chinese New Year celebration is practiced by staying up late during the new year’s eve, called *Shousui* or translated as "waiting for Sui".

So, the elderly people started to thread coins with a red string, called *ya sui qian* or "money to suppress Sui". The coins were given to children to entertain them, and to keep them awake to avoid *Sui*’s touch.

According to the same legend, eight noble fairies turned themselves into eight coins, protecting the children from *Sui.* Thus, the story spread and everyone started to follow the same practice to protect the children. Over the years, the *ya sui qian* was replaced with the red envelopes—the *hongbao.*
Ken Mattingly
**Thomas Kenneth "Ken" Mattingly II** (March 17, 1936 – October 31, 2023) was a NASA astronaut and a Rear Admiral in the United States Navy. He was one of the Apollo program astronauts, acting as support crew for Apollo 8 and Apollo 11. He also was the astronaut who helped with the development of the Apollo spacesuit and backpack. Mattingly should have been on Apollo 13, but he was removed from the crew a few days before the launch because he had been in contact with German measles. He was the Apollo Command Module pilot for Apollo 16 (April 16-27, 1972), which meant he stayed in orbit around the Moon while John Young and Charles Duke landed on the surface. During this time he performed 26 scientific experiments. He spent 3 days, 9 hours and 28 minutes by himself, the longest solo US space flight. On the return from the Moon, Mattingly completed a 1 hour, 13 minute, spacewalk.

After the Apollo missions, Mattingly become a Space Shuttle astronaut and flew two missions. The first was STS-4, from June 26 to July 4, 1982. This was the fourth and final orbital test flight for the Space Shuttle Columbia and Mattingly was the mission commander. STS-4 did 112 orbits of the Earth. His second mission was STS-51C in January 1985 in the Space Shuttle Discovery. Mattingly was again the mission commander for this short trip which launched equipment for the Department of Defense.

Mattingly was born in Chicago, Illinois. Educated in Florida, he completed a degree in aeronautical engineering at Auburn University. He joined the navy in 1958 and trained as a pilot. In 1966 he was chosen for the Apollo program. He spent 504 hours in space, and retired from NASA in 1985.

Mattingly died in Arlington, Virginia on October 31, 2023 at the age of 87.
**Sea cucumbers** are a class of echinoderms, the **Holothuroidea**. They have a longish body, and leathery skin. Sea cucumbers live on the floor of the ocean. Most sea cucumbers are scavengers. There are about 1500 species of sea cucumbers. Sea cucumbers have a unique respiratory system, and effective defences against predators. The Chinese people eat them.

Like all echinoderms, sea cucumbers have an endoskeleton just below the skin, calcareous structures that are usually reduced to isolated ossicles joined by connective tissue. These can sometimes be enlarged to flattened plates, forming an armour. In pelagic species the skeleton is absent.

Overview
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Sea cucumber, Coconut Island, Hawaii
Sea cucumber in the Seychelles ejects sticky filaments from the anus in self-defence.
Sea cucumbers communicate with each other by sending hormone signals through the water.

A remarkable feature of these animals is the collagen which forms their body wall. This can be loosened and tightened at will. If the animal wants to squeeze through a small gap, it can undo the collagen connections, and pour into the space. To keep itself safe in these cracks, the sea cucumber hooks up all its collagen fibres to make its body firm again.

The animals have an internal respiratory tree which floats in the internal watery cavity. At the rear, water is pumped in and out of the cloaca, so gaseous exchange takes place with the resiratory tree in the gut.p80

### Defense

Some species of coral reef sea cucumbers defend themselves by expelling sticky *cuvierian tubules* to entangle potential predators. These tubules are attached to the respiratory tree in the gut. When startled, these cucumbers may expel the tubules through a tear in the wall of the cloaca. In effect, this squirts sticky threads all over a predator. Replacement tubules grow back in one-and-a-half to five weeks, depending on the species. The release of these tubules can also be accompanied by the discharge of a toxic chemical known as holothurin, which has similar properties to soap. This chemical can kill any animal in the vicinity and is one more way in which these sedentary animals can defend themselves. Other cucumbers, lacking this device, can split their intestinal wall, and spew out their gut and respiratory tree. They regenerate them later. Zoologists who experience this believe it to be an impressive deterrent. "The mess one individual can make must be seen to be believed".p81

The existence of these defences explains why the holothurians were able to do without the strong skeleton of their ancestors.

### Feeding

Highly modified tube feet around the mouth are always present. These are branched and retractile tentacles, much larger than the regular tube feet. Sea cucumbers have between ten and thirty such tentacles, depending on the species. There is a ring of larger ossicles round the mouth and oesophagus to which the muscles of the tube feet are attached. With their sticky tentacles the animal collects detritus and small organisms.
For other uses, see Table.
A table and chairs
A picnic table
A **table** is a piece of furniture with a flat top supported by one or more legs. People put things on a table, often for a short time, for example food and knives and forks, etc. at a meal, cups for drinks, a book, a map, writing paper when writing, and things for hobbies.

We also put things on tables for a longer time, for example a TV, computer or decorations (pretty things). Often we put a cloth on the table, flat on the top. There are traditional ways of putting the cloth, knives and forks and food on the table for meals.

We can make some tables bigger, for example by pulling the top out. We can also fold some tables to transport them better, for example for camping. There are also small tables in trains and planes which we can fold or open. Some round tables come with a Lazy Susan. This is a rotating piece of wood in the center of the table. A table for use outdoors is called a picnic table.

Traditionally, tables in Japan, *chabudai*, are low, sometimes round tables, for tea and food.

The name of the international organization Mensa is from the Latin word for table.

Related pages
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* Chair
* Cupboard
**Sebeos** (Armenian: Սեբեոս) was an Armenian historian and chronicler. He is well-known for the *History of Heraclius*, which contains information about Roman–Persian Wars, the Muslim conquests as well as ancient Armenian legends such as Hayk.

Life and legacy
---------------

Little is known about the author's life. In 645, Sebeos attended Dvin's fourth council, and was among their signatories. His name is found on the eighth number in the list of eighteen bishops. Sebeos' work on Armenian history is honored in the country. He was the primary source of the fall of the Byzantine and Sasanian Empire and the Muslim conquests. The first Armenian writer to mention Sebeos is the 8th century priest Lewond. Author James Howard Johnston describes Sebeos as a 'non-biased' historian an

d places him along with other popular Armenian historians. His writings are valuable as one of the few intact surviving sources that chronicle sixth century Armenia and its surrounding territories. Sebeos' history was published for the first time in 1851 in Istanbul.

Bibliography
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* Hacikyan, Agop (2002). *The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the sixth to the eighteenth century*. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 9780814330234.
* Thomson, R. W. (1999). *The Armenian History Attributed to Sebeos*. Liverpool University Press. ISBN 9780853235644.
Godavari river near Achanta, West Godavari.
The **Godavari**, also known as **Dakshina Ganga**, is the second longest river in India which flows for 1,465 kilometers and covers about 10% of India's total area. It originates in Trimbakeshwar, Nashik, Maharashtra, and flows through several states, ultimately emptying into the Bay of Bengal. With a large basin, the Godavari is one of the biggest rivers in India, only surpassed by the Ganges.

The river has cultural and religious importance in Hindu scriptures and is known as the *Dakshina Ganga*. Over the years, dams and barrages have been constructed on the river, impacting its natural flow and increasing the risk of flooding in its delta region.

Religious importance
--------------------

Goddess Godavari Statue at Gangadwar, worshiped as origin of Godavari.
The Godavari River is important to Hindus, many people have visited its banks for thousands of years as part of a cleansing ritual. Hindu Deities like Baladeva and saints like Chaitanya Mahaprabhu are believed to have bathed in its waters. Additionally, there's a religious fair called Pushkaram held every twelve years along the riverbanks.

### Pilgrimage

In the past, people would go on a pilgrimage called *Sapta Sāgara Yatra* along the holy waters of the Godavari River's seven mouths to seek blessings for having children. The pilgrimage included bathing at specific locations like Tulyabhaga river, Coringa village, and others, with the journey concluding near Narsapuram or Antarvedi after bathing in different branches of the river.
The **Italian Bourse** (**Borsa Italiana S.p.A.**), based in Milan, is Italy's stock exchange. It manages and organises domestic market, regulating procedures for admission and listing of companies and intermediaries and supervising disclosures for listed companies. Borsa Italiana is also informally known as **Piazza Affari** ("Business Square"), after the city square of Milan where its headquarters (the Palazzo Mezzanotte building) is located.

History
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The Borsa di commercio di Milano (Milan Stock Exchange) was established by Eugène de Beauharnais, viceroy of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, through decrees dated 16 January and 6 February 1808. It operated under public ownership until 1998, when it was privatized. In 1997, all the Italian stocks were merged. Before this year, other smaller stocks exchanges based in Naples, Turin, Trieste, Venice, Genoa, Florence, Bologna, Rome, and Palermo. In 1991, the electronic exchanges were approved, and in 1994, the market with grida (A,B,C) was abolished. In Milan were also the currencies exchange rates fixing and the commodities fixing. 

Bourse palace in Venice, decorated with the caduceus coat of arms, representing commerce
***Cinchona pubescens***, the **Quinine Tree**, is known for because its bark has a lot of quinine. It has similar uses to *Cinchona officinalis* in making quinine, used for treatment of malaria.  It is native to Costa Rica, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. In Ecuador, *C. pubescens* is found at altitudes from 300 to 3900 m above sea level. It grows to about 10 metres in height. It has the widest distribution of all **Cinchona** species 

Planted on other tropical islands it has become an invasive species. It grows quickly, and spreads by both seeds and root suckers. Other plants are unable to grow in the shade that it creates. In the Galapagos Islands the tree was planted by farmers as a crop for the quinine. It has become a dominant species on Santa Cruz Island, taking over from the shrub Miconia and Fern-Sedges. It is also invasive in Hawaii on Maui and the Big Island.

Attempts have been made to control the plant in the Galapagos National Park using a variety of methods. It is not affected by many poisons, it will regrow from a stump or any piece of root left in the ground. Controlling it over all of Santa Cruz island would cost several million US dollars according to research by the Charles Darwin Foundation.
This article is about the medieval English kingdom. For the modern county, see Northumberland.
Kingdom of Northumbria in AD 802
The Kingdom of **Northumbria** (Old English: *Norþhymbra rīce*), was a medieval kingdom of the Angles, in what is now northern England and south-east Scotland. It later became an earldom in the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of England. The name reflects the southern limit to the kingdom's territory, the River Humber.

History
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Northumbria was formed in the early 7th century by Athelfrith, King of Bernicia. He conquered the kingdom of Deira and several British kingdoms and combined them under his rule. The kingdom of Northumbria also included Lindsey at times. Northumbria was a part of the Heptarchy of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. At its greatest the kingdom extended at least from just south of the Humber river, to the River Mersey and to the Forth (roughly, Sheffield to Runcorn to Edinburgh). The name 'Northumbria' wasn't in common use until the time of Ecgfrith, King of Northumbria. The name is first used in the preamble to the council of Hatfield (680). Ecgfrith was described as king of the Humberfolk'. After the loss of Lindsey (kingdom) which was south of the River Humber, the name became Northumbria in Latin is *Northanhymbrenis.* It comes from the Old English *be northan Hymbre* meaning 'to the north of the Humber'. The name Northumbria was still used during the reigns of Kings Canute and Edward the Confessor. William the Conqueror broke up Northumbria into several parts. Yorkshire became the new name for the heartlands of the former kingdom.

Earldom
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Northumbria became an earldom when the southern part of Northumbria (which had been Deira) was lost to the Danelaw. The northern part (which had been Bernicia) was a kingdom for a short time but under the Danish kingdom it also became an earldom. Some of this land was claimed by both England and Scotland. The Earldom of Northumbria was later a part of England by the Anglo-Scottish Treaty of York in 1237. On the northern border, Berwick-upon-Tweed, which is north of the Tweed but had changed hands many times, was defined as subject to the laws of England by the Wales and Berwick Act 1746. The land once part of Northumbria at its peak is now divided by modern administrative boundaries:

* North East England includes Anglian Bernicia
* Yorkshire and the Humber includes Anglian Deira and Celtic Elmet
* North West England includes Cumbria
* Scottish Borders, West Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian and East Lothian cover the extreme north