recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Super Mario Bros. Super Show!, also simply known as Super Mario and Super Mario Brothers, is the first cartoon of DIC Entertainment's Super Mario trilogy, aired between September and December of 1989; it was the only one to be produced directly for syndication. 

The show featured live-action segments in which Mario and Luigi (played by Lou Albano and Danny Wells respectively), living in their basement workshop in Brooklyn, were often visited by various celebrity guest stars. Also featured were cartoons based on the first and second Super Mario Bros. games, where the Mario brothers teamed up with Princess Peach (then known as Princess Toadstool) and Toad to battle King Koopa and his forces to save the many lands of the world. 

The Super Mario Bros. cartoons were shown on Mondays through Thursdays only; on Fridays, the show would air cartoons based on the animated Legend of Zelda series. In 1990, the show was retooled and aired under the name Club Mario, combining the animated segments with new live-action.
Location map of Clutha River, South Island, New Zealand.
The **Clutha River** or the **Mata-Au River** is the second longest river in New Zealand and the longest in the South Island. It flows over 338 kilometers from Lake Wānaka in the Southern Alps to the Pacific Ocean, southwest of Dunedin. It has the highest volume and is the fastest river in New Zealand. The river is known for its beautiful scenery, gold-rush history, and fast turquoise waters. There's an effort by a group called the Clutha Mata-Au River Parkway Group to create a regional river parkway along the entire river.

The river starts at the head of the Makarora River, near Haast Pass, flowing into the northern end of Lake Wānaka. The lake's southern end connects to the Clutha near Albert Town, where it meets its first main tributary, the Hāwea River. Further downstream, it's fed by the Cardrona River. As the river travels through the Upper Clutha Valley, it encounters ancient glacial terraces, including a section called the 'Snake.' Near Luggate, there's a unique feature called the "Devil's Nook," and the river narrows at the Māori Gorge in Queensberry.

Names
-----

Clutha river at Albert town, New Zealand.
The river is called Mata-au in Māori, which means current or eddy in a large expanse of water. It was a significant route for Māori people, offering direct access from the coast through Central Otago to lakes Wānaka, Hāwea, and Whakatipu Waimāori.

Its official name is Clutha River / Mata-au since 1998, following the Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act. This landmark settlement recognized the equal importance of both English and Māori names for about 90 geographic features in the South Island.

In New Zealand's early colonial history, it was officially called the Molyneux from below the junction with the Kawarau River at Cromwell, a name given by Captain Cook.
Paulsen in January 1970
**Patrick Layton "Pat" Paulsen** (July 6, 1927 – April 24, 1997) was an American comedian and actor. His longest-running role was as a frequent "candidate" for President of the United States.

Paulsen was born in South Bend, Washington. Paulsen had served in the United States Marines during World War II. After the war, he went to college, and worked a variety of jobs (as a salesman, an 
office clerk
, a truck driver, and others) before starting a comedy 
troupe
 with his brother. After the troupe broke up, Paulsen started performing on his own. He played at many of the same 
venues
 as the Smothers Brothers, before they became famous.

After the Smothers Brothers began a television variety show (*The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour*) in 1967, they invited Paulsen to join their regular cast. He wrote 
comedy sketches
 for the show, and also appeared on camera in different roles. He began a series of mock editorials, that became very popular, by both poking fun at extremist opinions, and giving people reasons to think and talk about important issues (the First Amendment, gun control, drugs, and other matters). Hundreds of viewers wrote to CBS, who broadcast the *Comedy Hour*, to ask for copies of the editorials.

During 1968 (an election year in the United States), Paulsen began a pretend "campaign" for President, and used the campaign to show the humor and irony in American politics. He did many of the things a real candidate would do, making public appearances, giving speeches, granting media interviews, and making his "stand on the issues" well known. When Election Day came, people in many places around the United States really did vote for Paulsen, as a 
write-in
 candidate, because they were not satisfied with what the real candidates (Republican Richard M. Nixon, Democrat Hubert Humphrey, Alabama governor George Wallace, and others) promised to do as President.

After *The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour* ended in 1969, Paulsen continued to work as a comedian and actor. Instead of just making people laugh, he often drew their attention to problems in American society, such as pollution, prejudice, and poor government. During the 1970s, he bought the Cherry County Playhouse, a theater in Traverse City, Michigan that showed 
stage plays
.

Paulsen sometimes reunited with the Smothers Brothers, and usually staged another pretend campaign every election year. In 1992 he chose singer Tiny Tim as his 
running mate
, to become his Vice President. Paulsen died on April 24, 1997 from pneumonia from complications of brain and colon cancer, during medical treatment in Tijuana, Mexico, he was 69 years old. He is survived by his wife Noma Paulsen.

Other websites
--------------

* Pat Paulsen on IMDb
**Tertiary colors** are colors made by mixing a primary color and a secondary color.

A tertiary color can be made with inks or paints by mixing a material of a primary color with a material of a secondary color.

A tertiary color can be shown on a computer screen when the pixels are lit at a brightness between those of both a primary color and a secondary color.

Another kind of tertiary color is made when the secondary color is complementary to the primary color. This means the primary color is *not* one of the colors used to make the secondary color itself. They are opposite colors.

The result of mixing complementary colors in an additive color model is white. The result in a subtractive color model is black.

List of tertiary colors
-----------------------

The colors shown on this list are from the RGB color model.

| Color | Color Name | Mixed from Prim. Color | Mixed from Sec. Color |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Orange | Red | Yellow |
|  | Chartreuse | Green | Yellow |
|  | Spring green | Green | Cyan |
|  | Azure | Blue | Cyan |
|  | Violet | Blue | Magenta |
|  | Rose | Red | Magenta |
The **Brighton hotel bombing** was an attack at the Grand Hotel in Brighton, England. It happened on 12 October 1984. A time bomb was planted in the hotel by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) member Patrick Magee. The purpose was to kill Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and her ministers, who were staying at the hotel for the Conservative Party conference. Patrick Magee, an IRA volunteer, stayed in the hotel under the pseudonym "Roy Walsh" on the weekend of 14–17 September. During his stay, he planted the bomb under the bath in his room.

The bomb brought down a five-ton chimney stack, which crashed down through the floors into the basement.

Thatcher narrowly escaped injury. Five people were killed, including the Deputy Chief Whip Sir Anthony Berry, and 31 were injured. Margaret Tebbit, wife of Norman Tebbit had to use a wheelchair for the rest of her life.

At 4am Thatcher gave an impromptu interview to the BBC saying that the conference would go on as usual. Marks & Spencer opened early at 8:00 am so those who had lost their clothes in the bombing could purchase replacements.

The bombing was called "the most audacious attack on a British government since the Gunpowder Plot". It "marked the end of an age of comparative innocence. From that day forward, all party conferences in this country have become heavily defended citadels".
Sir **Edmund Percival Hillary** , (born 20 July 1919, died 11 January 2008) was a New Zealand mountaineer and explorer. He and Sherpa guide Tenzing Norgay were the first people to climb Mount Everest. They got to the top on 29 May 1953. Mount Everest is the tallest mountain on Earth. During his teenage years, Hillary had attended Auckland Grammar School.

Sir Edmund Hillary's fame came as a result of being the first New Zealander in the world to conquer Mt. Everest in Nepal. He is on the New Zealand five dollar note. He also climbed ten other mountains after Mount Everest, all of which are also in the Himalayas.

Early life
----------

Hillary was born to Percival Augustus Hillary and Gertrude Hillary, née Clark, in Auckland, New Zealand, on 20 July 1919. His family moved to Tuakau (south of Auckland) in 1920, after his father (who served at Gallipoli) had gotten land there. His grandparents were early settlers in northern Wairoa in the mid 19th century after moving from Yorkshire, England.

Hillary learned at Tuakau Primary School and then Auckland Grammar School. He finished primary school two years early, but he did not do very well at high school. At first, he was smaller than other students there and very shy so he felt safe with his books and often thought of a life filled with adventure. Every day, he rode a train to and from high school, and he often used this time to read. Learning how to box helped him become more confident. At age 16 his interest in climbing started during a school trip to Mount Ruapehu. Although very tall at 6 ft 5 in (195 cm), he was stronger than many of his fellow hikers.
He learned about mathematics and science at The University of Auckland, and in 1939 he completed his first important climb, which was reaching the top of a mountain called Mount Ollivier. With his brother Rex, Hillary became a beekeeper during summertime, which allowed him to do climbing in the winter.

Personal life
-------------

Hillary married Louise Mary Rose in 1953, by whom he had a son and two daughters. In 1975, his wife and their younger daughter were killed in a plane crash. Hillary married June Mulgrew in 1989; they remained married until he died.

Death
-----

Hillary died of a heart attack in Auckland, at the age of 88.

Gallery
-------
**Québec En Alerte** (Alert Ready Quebec) is a public emergency communication system of the Canadian province of Quebec. It is also an additional system to those already used in the municipalities. This system will be used to distribute to the population of the province or a particular area the emergency notifications, or alerts, issued by the Ministry of Public Security and Environment Canada. The notifications are transmitted to the population via the television stations, the radio stations and the Internet.

At the moment, the system seems to be on trial.

Tests
-----

On May 5, 2015 at 13:58 EDT, a test was done. However, it was not successful. An other simulation will be planned soon.

Example of an emergency notification
------------------------------------

The messages are, at the moment, in French only.

### Television

A text in white on a red background interrupts the program. The message begins and ends with an audio signal, such as this one. In case of a test, there is a test message. In case of a real alert, there is a message including the information about the event and the instructions to the population.

### Radio

The notification begins and ends with an audio signal. The message is read by a person or a special system.
***Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael*** is a 1999 United States Supreme Court case. It applied the *Daubert* standard to expert testimony from non-scientists.

Facts of the case
-----------------

Patrick Carmichael was driving his minivan on July 6, 1993, when the right rear tire blew out. One of the passengers in the vehicle died, and others were severely injured. Three months later, the Carmichaels sued the manufacturer of the tire, claiming that the tire was defective and the defect caused the accident. The Carmichaels' case rested largely on testimony from a tire failure expert.

The tire failure expert relied on features of tire technology that the manufacturer did not dispute, as well as background facts about the particular tire on the Carmichaels' van. The expert's conclusion that a defect in the tire caused the accident rested on certain observations about the tire that Kumho Tire vigorously disputed. Kumho also disagreed with certain aspects of the tire expert's methodology, and asked the federal district court hearing the case to exclude it under Rule 702 of the Federal Rules of Evidence.

The district court took its cue from Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, which had given power for trial judges in admitting expert testimony. Under Daubert, certain factors contribute to the reliability, and hence the admissibility, of expert testimony, one of which is the general validity of the expert's methods. The district court found the tire expert's methods not to be scientifically valid, and hence excluded his testimony. This meant that Kumho Tire would prevail. The Carmichaels appealed to the Eleventh Circuit.

The Eleventh Circuit reversed the district court's ruling in favor of Kumho Tire. It reasoned that Daubert was expressly limited only to scientific expert testimony and did not apply to "skill- or experience-based observation." The tire expert's testimony rested on observation and experience, and so the Eleventh Circuit reasoned the district court should have made a different ruling based on Rule 702 without the Daubert gloss. Kumho Tire asked the Supreme Court to review whether Daubert applied solely to scientific evidence.
Ned Ludd, the leader of the Luddites, engraving of 1812
The **Luddites** were an early 19th century radical group which destroyed textile machinery as a form of protest.

The group was protesting against the use of machinery in a "fraudulent and deceitful manner" to get around standard labour practices. They were English textile workers who took an oath to resist machinery in the textile industry. 

Luddites feared that the time spent learning the skills of their craft would go to waste as machines would replace their role in the industry. They were largely correct, but on the other hand, the textile industry grew to be a major exporter of cloth. Parliament made "machine breaking" (industrial sabotage) a capital crime with the Frame Breaking Act of 1812 .

It is not quite right that Luddites protested against the machinery itself in an attempt to halt progress. However, over time, the term has come to mean one opposed to industrialisation, automation, or new technologies in general.

The Luddite movement began in Nottingham and ended in a region-wide rebellion that lasted from 1811 to 1816. Mill and factory owners took to shooting protesters. Eventually the movement was suppressed with military force.
Mount Ebenezer is located in Northern TerritoryMount EbenezerMount Ebenezerclass=notpageimage| Location in the Northern Territory
25°10′37″S 132°40′37″E﻿ / ﻿25.177°S 132.677°E﻿ / -25.177; 132.677﻿ (Mount Ebenezer)
**Mount Ebenezer** is a pastoral station and roadhouse in the south of the Northern Territory, Australia. It is located on the Lasseter Highway, 55 kilometres (34 mi) from the Stuart Highway to the east and 200 km (120 mi) to Uluṟu in the west. Mount Ebenezer is owned by the community of Imaṉpa, which is surrounded by the property. It is one of the few Aboriginal-owned stations in the Territory. It is managed by Lisanote Pty Ltd, a company also owned by the Imaṉpa Community. This company also operates the Angas Downs Indigenous Protected Area, which borders the property to the west. The lease for the property is held by the Fogarty family.

History
-------

The area falls within the traditional homeland of the southern Luritja people (Matuntara). Mount Ebenezer, the mountain that the station was named after, is in the Basedow Ranges and can be seen to the north of the roadhouse. The mountain itself is named for Ebenezer Flint, who worked in the area in 1871 on the Overland Telegraph Line. In the early 1920s, a pioneer named William Liddle established the Angas Downs sheep station to the west of the Basedow Ranges. He had previously worked at the telegraph station in Alice Springs. He settled at Angas Downs with his wife Mary (an Aranda woman) and had several children. From the late 1920s, the family began to use the Mount Ebenezer area as an extension of Angas Downs.

Mount Ebenezer was established as its own station in 1947 by William's second son, Harold Liddle. He was one of the first people of Aboriginal descent to get a perpetual lease for a pastoral property. Liddle sold the new station to Ted Kunoth in 1952. Kunoth built a roadhouse to service tourist traffic between the Stuart Highway and Uluṟu. In 1978, Kunoth agreed to allow the Aboriginal people of the area to set up a community on a part of the station's lands. The area at Imaṉpa, beneath the Basedow Ranges, was removed from the property for this. Kunoth sold the property's lease to Alan Rogers, who then resold to the Fogarty family in 1993.

Other websites
--------------

* Mount Ebenezer on *Exploring Australia*
**Phineas and Ferb The Movie: Candace Against the Universe** is a Disney Plus original animated movie based on the television series Phineas and Ferb. It is the second Phineas and Ferb movie. It stars Ashley Tisdale as Candace Flynn.

Plot
----

Candace Flynn is having an unusually good day, but then she finds out that her brother Phineas Flynn and stepbrother Ferb Fletcher have built a giant robot made of lint and tries to show it to her mother Linda Flynn to get her to punish them. Linda doesn't even look at it since she's convinced that it (and every other invention Candace told her about) doesn't exist and complains about Candace always telling her that Phineas and Ferb built something impossible. Candace is very sad when she realizes that her mother always thinks she's making stuff up, and Candace tells Phineas that while he's been having a great summer, hers was terrible. Candace is then kidnapped by aliens who tell her she's the saviour of their planet because she breathes out something called Remarkalonium. The alien leader named Super Super Big Doctor is nice to Candace and acts like her friend so when Phineas and Ferb come to rescue their sister, Candace says she won't go back to Earth with them because "I finally found a place where I'm wanted. Where I'm special. Where I'm happy. And a part of me wonders if maybe the reason is that you aren't here". Candace asks Super Super Big Doctor to take her brothers away from where she is, so Super Super Big Doctor locks them in a jail. Candace is angry when she finds out that Super Super Big Doctor did this because Candace actually loves her brothers. Super Super Big Doctor then turns out to be evil and and says that her plan is to get Candace to breathe Remarkalonium on a plant whose spores she uses for mind control to enslave everyone on the planet Feeb-la-oot where she's a dictator and that she kidnapped Candace because she breathes out Remarkalonium which it turns out is actually the alien name for carbon dioxide. Candace tells Super Super Big Doctor that every human breathes out carbon dioxide so Super Super Big Doctor decides to lead an alien invasion of Earth to steal its carbon dioxide and make her plant powerful enough to enslave the galaxy. Candace then teams up with Phineas and Ferb and Dr. Doofenshmirtz to stop Super Super Big Doctor and save the world.

Cast
----

Ashley Tisdale as Candace Flynn

Vincent Martella as Phineas Flynn

David Errigo Junior as Ferb Fletcher

Dan Povenmire as Dr. Doofenshmirtz

Alyson Stoner as Isabella Garcia-Shapiro

Maulik Pauncholy as Baljeet

Bobby Gaylor as Buford

Dee Bradley Baker as Perry the Platypus

Olivia Olson as Vanessa

Ali Wong as Super Super Big Doctor

Swampy Marsh as Major Monogram

Songs
-----

1. Such a Beautiful Day
2. The Universe is Against Me
3. Meet Our Leader
4. Unsung Hero
5. Adulting
6. Girl's Day Out
7. This is Our Battle Song
8. Us Against the Universe
9. Silhouettes
10. We're Back
11. Step into the Great Unknown

Other websites
--------------

Official website Edit this at Wikidata

* *Phineas and Ferb The Movie: Candace Against the Universe* on IMDb
The **Madrid Symphony Orchestra** (Spanish: ***Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid***) is an orchestra based in Madrid, the capital of Spain. It was started in 1903. 

The orchestra gave its first public concert under the conductor, Alonso Cordelás on 7 February 1904 at the Teatro Real. The next year Enrique Fernández Arbós became conductor of the orchestra, and he stayed with them for more than 30 years. The orchestra played a lot of Spanish music as well as music by composers from other European countries. Some very famous people such as Igor Stravinsky and Richard Strauss conducted the orchestra. The orchestra gave the first performances of famous pieces such as: Falla's *Nights in the Gardens of Spain* (1916) and Prokofiev's Second Violin Concerto (1935). 

During the Spanish Civil War it was difficult to keep the concerts going. After the war, in June 1939, Arbós died and many of the musicians had gone into exile because of the rise of the dictator General Francisco Franco. The conductor Enrique Jordá kept the orchestra going until 1945 when the World War II ended.

From 1958 the orchestra often played for comic Spanish operas called zarzuelas. They often travelled through Spain and to Portugal and Latin America giving concerts..

In 1965 a new orchestra, the Orquesta Sinfónica de RTVE, was started. This made things difficult for the Madrid Symphony Orchestra. They had to spend a lot of time playing for the Teatro de la Zarzuela. In the 1970s they made a lot of recordings of zarzuelas and Spanish operas. The recordings were very good, but they did not have much time for orchestral concerts.

After Franco’s death the orchestra became the official orchestra for the Teatro de la Zarzuela. Later, when a new concert hall, the Auditorio Nacional de Música was opened, the orchestra had more opportunity to give orchestra concerts. In 1997, the Orchestra moved out of the Teatro de la Zarzuela and moved to the Teatro Real where they will stay at least until 2009. The orchestra now have an educational plan to help young children listen to music and encourage them to play instruments.

Today the orchestra is conducted by Jesús López Cobos.

Principal conductors
--------------------

* Alonso Cordelás 1903–1904
* Enrique Fernández Arbós 1905–1939
* Enrique Jordá 1940–1945
* Conrado del Campo 1946–1950
* José María Franco 1951–1958
* Vicente Spiteri 1958–1977
* Luis Antonio García Navarro 1999–2001
* Jesús López Cobos 2002–

Other websites
--------------

* Orchestra homepage (in Spanish)
The CAP theorem, also known as Brewer's theorem, is a concept in distributed computing that outlines the trade-offs between three crucial properties—Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance. Proposed by Eric Brewer around the year 2000, the CAP theorem asserts that, in a distributed data store, it is impossible to simultaneously guarantee all three of the following:

1. Consistency: Every read operation in the system returns the most recent write. In other words, all nodes in the system have the same data at the same time.
2. Availability: Every request to the system receives a non-error response, without any guarantee that it contains the most recent write. The system remains responsive even in the face of failures.
3. Partition Tolerance: The system continues to operate despite the loss of messages or network partitions, ensuring that each node can operate independently.

In a distributed system, network partitions (communication breakdowns between nodes) are inevitable. The CAP theorem acknowledges that, during a network partition, a choice must be made between providing consistency or availability. This led to the famous saying that in the event of a network partition, a system can either be "consistent and partition-tolerant (CP)" or "available and partition-tolerant (AP)."

The CAP theorem is a fundamental principle in designing and understanding distributed systems, influencing architects and engineers in making decisions about system trade-offs based on the specific requirements and priorities of their applications.
Satellite image of the Cyclone *Yaas*.
**Cyclonic Storm Yaas** ( Arabic pronunciation: [jaʔas]) was a tropical cyclone in the Bay of Bengal. It wad the third depression, second deep depression, and second cyclonic storm of the 2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Yaas formed from a disturbance that the Indian Meteorological Department first monitored on May 23. Conditions in the basin favored development as the system became a deep depression by that day before intensifying to a cyclonic storm on the next day, being named *Yaas*.

Yaas (or Yass) is the name given by Oman, which means a fragrant flowering plant used for traditional medicine in Oman and many countries in the West of Asia. The common name outside Arab Countries is Myrtle.

In preparations for the storm, many electrical companies were prepared additional generators and transformers for possible electrical problems. Evacuations were also ordered, starting on May 24 on low-lying areas in East Midnapore and West Midnapore and Jhargram.

In India, Union Power Ministry prepared for transformer and generators for restoration of electricity. The Health Ministry also prepared to ensure no disruption in vaccine supplement and COVID 19 treatment. The Ministry of Telecommunication has also kept all telecom towers and exchanges under watch. Prime Minister Narendra Modi also arranged an emergency meeting to prepare for the cyclone.

The NDRF deployed 65 teams with another 20 teams on reserve. Rescue and relief teams of the Indian army, navy and the coast guard were also deployed over the coastal districts of Odisha and West Bengal. CESC stayed on guard for the cyclone to ensure uninterrupted service especially for major hospitals and critical establishments like drainage pumping stations. 

Additionally, Northern Railway cancelled many trains from New Delhi to and from Bhubaneswar and Puri. Meanwhile, Western Railways and Southern Railways had also cancelled trains going to and from to Odisha.

In Bangladesh, 114 Medical teams was deployed for emergency response by the government. 349 shelters were setup, which accommodated half the capacity of people to maintain Covid-19 health restrictions.
**Rahotep** (also spelled **Re hotep**) was an ancient Egyptian prince of the 4th dynasty. he was the high priest of Re in the city of Heliopolis. He is famous for his statue which was discovered by the Auguste Mariette in 1871 and is today in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Rahotep, according to some Egyptologists, was the son of King Sneferu, others believe he was son of Huni.

Life
----

Rahotep's titles were written on a stunning statue found in Meidum in 1871. The statue, along with one of his wife Nofret, was discovered by Auguste Mariette. Rahotep held the titles of High Priest of Ra at Heliopolis, Director of Expeditions, Supervisor of Works, and "the son of the king, begotten of his body".

His older brother was Nefermaat I, and his younger brother was Ranefer. Rahotep passed away at a young age, so his half-brother Khufu became become pharaoh after Sneferu’s death.

Rahotep’s wife was Nofret, and her parents are unknown. They had three sons – Djedi, Itu, and Neferkau – and three daughters – Mereret, Nedjemib, and Sethtet. All of them are depicted in Rahotep’s tomb.

Images of Rahotep
-----------------

* Rahotep’s slab stela at the British MuseumRahotep’s slab stela at the British Museum
* Nofret and Rahotep's statue at the Egyptian Museum in CairoNofret and Rahotep's statue at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo
* Nofret and Rahotep's statue at the Egyptian Museum in CairoNofret and Rahotep's statue at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo
* Stele of Rahotep's mastaba, now at Louvre museum.Stele of Rahotep's mastaba, now at Louvre museum.
* Nofret-(Nfr-t)     (from the statue)Nofret, wife of Rahotep
An external **box magazine**. This type of shape is sometimes called a "banana" clip.
A **magazine** is a place for keeping ammunition. For artillery it can be a special warehouse or a special room in a warship. 

In firearms, a **magazine** (often incorrectly called a "clip") is a container that holds ammunition for a firearm. An external magazine is pushed into the firearm, which is called **loading**. An Internal magazine(common in bolt action rifles) is built into the gun and cannot be easily taken out, these are usually reloaded individually or via a stripper clip. Taking an empty magazine out of a firearm and putting in a full one is known as **reloading** the gun, but putting more bullets inside the magazine is known as reloading the magazine. 

A top down view of a single and double stack magazine showing how the bullets are loaded into them
The most common type of magazine is a **box magazine**, which holds the bullets in columns. There are also other types of magazines such as drum, pan and helix that hold more bullets that a normal box magazine.

The most common type of ammo used with magazines is bullets. Most modern guns that shoot bullets use magazines for loading ammo (with the notable exception of revolvers). Some kinds of shotguns use shotgun shell speed-loader magazines for faster reloading. 

Most magazines use a spring and follower inside to push the ammunition into the gun. Magazines may be made out of metal or plastic. Metal magazines are more common, but some plastic magazines can be partly see-through so that the user can see how much ammo is left inside.
Small businesses on Dalrymple Street in Greenock, Scotland
A **small business**, sometimes called a **mom and pop store** by some in the United States, is a business that is privately owned and operated. They have a small number of employees and do not sell many things. Whether or not the law says that a business is "small" is different in different countries and industries.

* The Australian *Fair Work Act 2009* says that a small business is a business with less than 15 employees.
* In the European Union, to be called "small", a business must have fewer than 50 employees.
* In the United States, a business must have fewer than 500 employees to qualify for some Small Business Administration programs.
* In India businesses with fewer than ten employees are in the "Unorganised sector".

Small businesses are common in many countries. Some examples include: convenience stores, other small shops (such as a bakery), hairdressers, tradesmen, lawyers, accountants, restaurants, guest houses, photographers, small-scale manufacturing, and online business, such as web design and programming.

Good things about small business
--------------------------------

A small business can be started at a very low cost. It also does not need to be open all the time.

Independence is another good thing about owning a small business. Being able to operate by themselves is a good thing for small business owners. Small business owners can make their own decisions about what they want to do with their company. However, entrepreneurs often must work very long hours and understand that their customers are their bosses.

Many organizations in the United States also give help to small businesses, such as the Internal Revenue Service's Small Business and Self-Employed One-Stop Resource.

Problems for small businesses
-----------------------------

Small businesses often face a lot of problems because of their size.

In the United States, some of the largest concerns of small business owners are insurance costs, high energy costs and taxes.

Another problem for several small businesses is the fact that much larger businesses can influence their chances for success.

1. ↑  Small Business Administration. Size Standards Archived 2010-12-16 at the Wayback Machine. See Summary of Size Standards by Industry Archived 2011-03-19 at the Wayback Machine.
2. ↑  "Business Strategy Templates". Power Slides. 2012-08-12. Retrieved 2012-09-10.
3. ↑  Longenecker, Justin G.; Carlos W. Moore, J. William Petty, Leslie E. Palich (2008). *Small business management : launching and growing entrepreneurial ventures* (casebound) (14th ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 768. ISBN 978-0324569728. OCLC 191487420.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
4. ↑  "Small Business and Self-Employed One-Stop Resource". Irs.gov. 2010-10-25. Archived from the original on 2010-11-11. Retrieved 2010-11-13.
5. ↑  "Surveying Businesses on Tax Compliance Costs" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-12. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
An **esoteric programming language** is a programming language used to instruct computers in a unusual way. These languages, also called "esolangs", are usually made to test how unusual a programming language can get, or simply as a joke.

History
-------

By far, the oldest esoteric programming language is INTERCAL. INTERCAL was created in 1972 by Don Woods and James Lyon. The two said that their intentions were to create a unique programming language, that wasn't like any that they had used themselves.

In 1993, Wouter van Oortmerssen created FALSE, which was a language designed for unreadable and confusing code, however it had a compiler of just 1024 bytes. FALSE inspired brainfuck, with the idea of creating a even smaller compiler.

Patterns
--------

While the features and idea of different languages can be extremely different, some common themes occur. Typically, languages are designed so that programs are hard to write in them, or to have as little commands as possible. For reference, brainfuck has just 8 commands.

Brainfuck Computers
-------------------

Multiple people have designed concepts for a computer that runs mainly, or solely on the language brainfuck, most importantly, Sang-woo Jun, at MIT published a paper on their concept. This computer consists of 256 cores, with 50 billion instructions per second.

Other Websites
--------------

* - Esolangs, the community ran wiki.
* - The Esolangs forum archive (now inactive)
Øresund Bridge from the air in September 2015.
**Øresund** or **Öresund**, also known as "**the Sound**" in English, is a strait that acts as the border between Denmark's Zealand and Sweden's Scania. It's about 118 kilometers long and varies in width from 4 to 28 kilometers. The narrowest point is 4 kilometers wide, located between Helsingør in Denmark and Helsingborg in Sweden.

Together with the Great Belt, Little Belt, and Kiel Canal, Øresund is one of the four water passages connecting the Baltic Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. This makes it one of the busiest waterways globally. The Øresund Bridge, linking Copenhagen in Denmark to Malmö in Sweden, connects a metropolitan area with nearly 4 million people. Inaugurated in 2000, it's a vital connection. The HH Ferry route, operating between Helsingør, Denmark, and Helsingborg, Sweden, is one of the world's busiest international ferry routes.

Name
----

In Danish, it's called Øresund, and in Swedish, it's Öresund, informally known as Sundet ("the Sound") in both languages. The name refers to a gravel or sand beach and a sound or strait. The term dates back to around AD 1000, seen on a runestone, and has variations like Eyrarsund in Old West Norse. The name reflects the geography of the area, with "ör" meaning a gravel beach found in many local place names along the strait.

History and Control
-------------------

Geologically, Øresund is a relatively young strait, forming around 8500–8000 years ago due to rising sea levels. It marked a significant shift for the Baltic Sea from a freshwater body connected solely via the Great Belt to becoming a saltwater body.

The control of Øresund has been a crucial part of Danish and Swedish history. Denmark had military control with forts like Kronborg and Kärnan until the eastern shore was handed over to Sweden in 1658. This was based on the Treaty of Roskilde, and both forts are positioned where the strait is 4 kilometers wide.

In 1429, King Eric of Pomerania introduced the Sound Dues, a fee for using the waterways, which lasted over four centuries until 1857. These dues were a significant income source for the Danish Crown, giving kings independence from Denmark's council and aristocracy. To reduce dependence on Øresund, Sweden initiated two major projects: establishing Gothenburg in 1621 and building the Göta Canal from 1810 to 1832.

The Copenhagen Convention of 1857 put an end to the Dues, declaring the Danish straits as international waters. In 2000, the Øresund Bridge provided a fixed connection across the strait, marking a new chapter in its history.
Hall of Wenchang Wangs in Yuanbao Temple, Taichung.
**Wenchang Wang** (文昌王), also known as **Wenchang Dijun**, is a Taoist deity in Chinese mythology, celebrated as the God of Culture and Literature. People often refer to him as Wen Qu or Wen. His name translates to the King of Flourishing Culture and Language. Wenchang Wang is represented by a constellation of six stars near the Big Dipper, these stars have individual names like Shangjiang, Cijiang, Guixiang, Siming, Sizhong, and Silu.

Depicted as an elderly scholar with two attendants, Tianlong and Diya, Wenchang Wang is known to hold a pen and a book with the inscription "Heaven determines literary achievement." Taoist Scholars and writers historically invoke his assistance for inspiration or guidance, especially before exams.

History and Worship
-------------------

Wenchang Wang was given titles like the Supporter of the Mongol Dynasty. He has been officially revered since 1314 A.D started by Yen Yu of Yuan dynasty. He is known for promoting positive influences and is a deity invoked by scholars and students for academic aid. Many temples honor him, with the Wenchang temple at Zitong being notable. Qiqu Mountain, its location, is famous for the largest cypress forest in China, and it's regarded as the origin of Wenchang culture. In Sichuan, it's said, "In the North, there is Confucius, and in the South, there is Wenchang".

Statue of Wenchang Wang in Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Taichung has two significant temples dedicated to Wenchang Di Jun. One in Beitun, constructed in 1863, aimed to support learning. The other in Nantun, built in 1825, follows feng shui principles by facing south.

The tradition of worshiping Wenchang Wang dates back, being popular due to its accessibility to people from all walks of life. Even today, people worship him for similar reasons. His birthday, celebrated on the third day of the second month of the Chinese lunar calendar, involves visits to his temples, where officials and scholars offer sacrifices and recite poems.
**The Long Breakup** is a documentary film from the year 2020. The Film is about the relationship between Ukraine and Russia. Katya Soldak directed the film. She is a Ukrainian journalist and filmmaker, living in New York.

short summary
-------------

Katya Soldak, a Ukrainian journalist working for Forbes magazine in New York City, tells the story of Ukraine's history. The film talks about Ukraine's relationship with Russia, especially after the Soviet Union ended. It includes interviews with regular people, politicians, and experts who share their opinions and experiences. The movie uses personal stories and analysis of historical and political issues to explain the struggles and difficulties that Ukraine and its people face. "The Long Breakup" provides a look at the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine.

praise
------

As stated on the Ante Media movie website:

* *Best Of Fest*, 41 Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Film Festival, 2022
* *Winner*, Docs Without Borders Film Festival, 2020
* *Official Selection,* NewFilmmakers NY, 2021

Response
--------

John Rash, who writes for StarTribune, says the movie explains the fighting in Ukraine and how Ukraine's history is influenced by Russia.

Arte, a public service channel in Europe, reports that journalist Katya Soldak talks about Ukraine's attempts to be free from Russia, its strong neighbor.

Other websites
--------------

* *The Long Breakup* on IMDb
* interview with the filmmaker Soldak (Secession Space: Ukraine’s Path to Independence)
A **chain** was a unit of length. It is part of the imperial and United States customary systems. It was used for measuring land. The short way of writing chains is **ch**.

There are a number of different definitions of the chain, from 50 to 100 feet long. In the imperial system, one chain is equal to 66 feet or 20.1168 metres. This is also called a *Gunter's chain*, *surveyor's chain* or *land chain*.

History and usage
-----------------

The chain was originally called an "acre's breadth", because it was the width of a acre, while a furlong was the length.

Edmund Gunter, a clergyman and mathematician, invented a measuring device called a chain. The chain was 66 ft (20 m) long. It was divided by 100 in small metal links. The links were made of thick wire with a loop at each end. The links were connected to each other by three rings. There were brass handles at each end. People folded the chain up, link by link, and carried it in their hand. The name *chain* comes from these devices.

The unit was once important in everyday life in the United Kingdom and its colonies and in the United States. People used it when they made maps and planned out cities and towns. Land was surveyed and measured using these chains. Even after more accurate ways of measuring land were invented, many people continued to use the chain as a unit because land had already been surveyed in this method for so long.

In England, it is still used in old railways, along with miles. The length of a cricket pitch is one chain.

Gunter's chain
--------------

The Gunter's chain is the standard unit.

Standard length| International | Foot | Yard | Chain | Furlong | Mile | Metres |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chain | 66 | 22 | 1 | ​1⁄10 | ​1⁄80 | 20.1168 |

Gunter's survey units| International | Link | Rod | Chain | Metres |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chain | 100 | 4 | 1 | 20.1168 |

Other websites
--------------

* Math Words Archived 2010-06-18 at the Wayback Machine
* How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement Archived 2006-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
* How to make a Gunter's Chain
**Novo Nordisk A/S** is a Danish multinational pharmaceutical company. It has factories in in nine countries. More than 48,000 people work for the company. Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium was started in 1923 by the Danish Nobel laureate August Krogh, pharmacist August Kongsted and scientist Hans Christian Hagedorn. It produced insulin. In 1989 it merged with Novo Industri. 77% of Novo’s voting rights and 28.1% of its shares. is owned by the Novo Nordisk Foundation. 

It was Europe’s most valuable company in 2023 and dominates the Danish economy. In September 2023 it was worth $421 billion. It plans to buy Inversago Pharma. The Wegovy weight-loss drug has been very successful. It can cut the risk of heart attacks by 20% in overweight or obese patients with cardiovascular disease. It is expected to sell $7.3 billion in 2024. Ozempic, an injectable form of Semaglutide, is used to treat diabetes. It is expected to sell $16.5 billion in 2024.

Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen is the chief executive.

It specialises in diabetes care medications and devices. It also does hemostasis management, growth hormone therapy and hormone replacement therapy.
**Grouped data** is a statistical term used in data analysis. Raw data can be organized by grouping together similar measurements in a table. This frequency table is also called grouped data.

Example
-------

For example, someone gave a group of students a simple math question, and timed how long it took them to answer it. The numbers are below:

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20 | 25 | 24 | 33 | 13 |
| 26 | 8 | 19 | 31 | 11 |
| 16 | 21 | 17 | 11 | 34 |
| 14 | 15 | 21 | 18 | 17 |
Table 1: *Time taken (in seconds) to answer a simple math question*

The smallest amount of time was 8 seconds, and the largest was 34 seconds. One method we could use to analyze the needed time is to group close numbers together. In order to keep the analysis fair, we'll make each group be the same number of seconds. We can then count how many students fell in each group. For example, if we organized scores into 5 second ranges:

| Time taken | Frequency |
| --- | --- |
| 5 to 9 seconds | 1 student |
| 10 to 14 seconds | 4 students |
| 15 to 19 seconds | 6 students |
| 20 to 24 seconds | 4 students |
| 25 to 29 seconds | 2 students |
| 30 to 34 seconds | 3 students |
Table 2: *Frequency distribution of the time taken (in seconds) to answer a simple math question*

  

Another way to group data is to organize the scores data into groups based on their performance. Suppose there are three types of students:

* Smart (5 to 14 seconds)
* Normal (15 to 24 seconds)
* Below average (25 or more seconds)

then the grouped data looks like the following:

|  | Frequency |
| --- | --- |
| Smart | 5 |
| Normal | 10 |
| Below average | 5 |
Table 3: *Frequency distribution of the three types of students*

Mean of grouped data
--------------------

An estimate, {\displaystyle {\bar {x}}}, of the mean can be calculated from grouped data.

{\displaystyle {\bar {x}}={\frac {\sum {f\*\,x}}{\sum {f}}}.}
*x* refers to the mid-point of the class intervals
*f* is the class frequency.
Note that this estimated mean may be different from the sample mean of the ungrouped data. The mean of the grouped data in the above example can be calculated as follows:

| Class Intervals | Frequency ( *f* ) | Midpoint ( *x* ) | *f\*x* |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 5 to 9 seconds | 1 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
| 10 to 14 seconds | 4 | 12.5 | 50 |
| 15 to 19 seconds | 6 | 17.5 | 105 |
| 20 to 24 seconds | 4 | 22.5 | 90 |
| 25 to 29 seconds | 2 | 27.5 | 55 |
| 30 to 34 seconds | 3 | 32.5 | 97.5 |
| **TOTAL** | **20** |  | **405** |

  

Therefore, the mean of the grouped data is

{\displaystyle {\bar {x}}={\frac {\sum {f\*\,x}}{\sum {f}}}={\frac {405}{20}}=20.25}

Related pages
-------------

* Data binning
* Level of measurement
* Frequency distribution
* Discretization of continuous features