recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
1942 at the Lyric, Allentown PA
Statue of Amaya in Jardins de Joan Brossa, Barcelona
**Carmen Amaya** (2 November 1913 – 19 November 1963) was a flamenco dancer and singer, of gypsy origin, born in the Somorrostro slum of Barcelona, Spain.

She has been called "the greatest Spanish gypsy dancer of her generation". and "the most extrardinary personality of all time in flamenco dance".

She danced from the time she was 4 years old. Accompanied on the guitar by her father, she danced in waterfront bars in Barcelona. A young person who saw her dance as a girl was the Spanish guitarist Sabicas (Agustín Castellón Campos). He later said "I saw her dance and it seemed like something supernatural to me... I never saw anyone dance like her. I don’t know how she did it, I just don’t know!". Sabicas accompanied her for many years. He recorded *Queen of the Gypsies* (1959) and *Flamenco!* with Amaya.

In 1929, she made her debut in Paris, to warm acclaims and admiration of her dancing skill. She moved to America in 1936, where she went on to act in several movies that broke box office records, including the *Romeo and Juliet* adaptation *Los Tarantos*, and the short movie *Danzas Gitanas* (Gypsy dances). 

Amaya often danced in trousers rather than the layered skirt traditional for female flamenco dancers. One theory is that she did this to give more scope to her footwork, which was exceptional, and rather like a flamenco male dancer. Apparently, in early flamenco, women did not do so much footwork, and male dancers used to fill in the steps while sitting on chairs, unseen in the wings.p100 Her style has been described as repetitive because she always did the same dances: "Carmen was a fabulous dancer, but limited" (Antonio Ruiz Soler).

She was invited by Franklin Roosevelt to dance in the White House in 1944, and also by Harry S. Truman in 1953.

Amaya is buried in the Cementiri del Sud-Oest on Barcelona's Montjuïc.

Other websites
--------------

* Carmen Amaya Biography and related products.
* Carmen Amaya description on her grandniece's website. Archived 2008-09-21 at the Wayback Machine
* QUEEN OF THE GYPSIES, a Portrait of Carmen Amaya. VIDEO clips from the documentary.
**Ilayaraaja** is a famous film composer and singer in South Indian cinema especially in Tamil cinema. Ilaiyaraaja is also an instrumentalist, conductor, singer, and songwriter. He has composed more than 6000 songs and provided film music or movie soundtrack for more than 1000 films, particularly being famous for his background music.

Ilayaraaja introduced Western type of music into the Tamil cinema.He is also known for creating music by fusing symphonic orchestration with traditional Indian instrumentation.In 1993 he organised a full symphony performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in London and thus became the First Indian to compose a full symphony, with Ravi Shankar being the only other Indian to do so. He is also the first Asian to compose a full symphony performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. He has won five Indian National Film Awards (the highest film honor in India); three for Best Music Direction and two for Best Background Score. In 2010 he has received Padma Bhushan, awarded by the Government of India.
He is usually referred to by the title **Isaignani** (English: **Musical Genius**), or as *The Maestro*. Ilaiyaraja is a gold medalist in classical guitar from Trinity College of Music, London. In 2003, according to an international poll conducted by BBC, more than half-a million people from 165 countries voted his composition *Rakkamma Kaiya Thattu* from the 1991 film *Thalapathi* as fourth in the world's top 10 most popular songs of all time.

In 2015, he was also honoured with the Centenary Award for lifetime achievement at the 46th International Film Festival of India (IFFI) at Panaji, Goa. On December 31, 2015, he was nominated by the Kerala Government for Nishagandi Puraskaram, the top award conferred by the Kerala Government's Tourism Ministry, for his artistic excellence and contributions to the Indian film industry.

In a poll conducted by CNN-IBN celebrating 100 years of Indian cinema in 2013, Ilaiyaraaja was voted as the greatest music composer of India with a maximum of 49%.

Early life and family
---------------------

Ilaiyaraaja was born as Gnanathesikan in 1943 in a normal middle-class family in Pannaipuram, Theni district, Tamil Nadu, India. When he joined the school his father changed his name as "Rajaiya" but his village people used to call him as "Raasayya". Ilaiyaraaja joined Dhanraj Master as a student to learn musical instruments and the master renamed and called him as just "Raaja". In his first movie *Annakili*, Tamil film producer Panchu Arunachalam added "Ilaiya" (Ilaiya means younger in Tamil language) as prefix in his name Raaja and he named as "Ilaiyaraaja" because in the 1970s there was one more music director A. M. Rajah who was a popular one.

Ilaiyaraaja was married to Jeeva and the couple have three children—Karthik Raja, Yuvan Shankar Raja and Bhavatharini—all film composers and singers. His wife Jeeva died on 31 October 2011. Ilaiyaraaja has a brother Gangai Amaran, who is also a music director and lyricist in Tamil film industry.
**Wiley's Well** is a remote, natural artesian well in the Colorado Desert of Southern California. It is also the name of the area around it.

It is named after Palo Verde storekeeper and postmaster A.P. Wiley. In 1907, Mr. Wiley dug deep into a shallow well dug in 1876 by a stagecoach company which used the nearby Bradshaw Trail. Wiley made the well larger since he hoped that he could attract business to his remote desert store. The well was taken care of by local ranchers and cattlemen for years afterward. However, the rapidly falling level of the water meant a drop of the water's depth to 60'/18m within a dozen years. Today, the well's original depth is only about 20'/6m at best after wet weather. The water in the well is not good for drinking.

In 1985, the Bureau of Land Management drilled a new well 965'/294m deep to support the new Wiley's Well Campground, one of only two developed campgrounds in the Mule Mountains Long-Term Visitor Area. The water is both hot at 90 °F/32 °C and full of minerals. The water is pumped into a cistern to help cool it to drinking temperature.

Wiley's Well is popular with rockhounds. They have been coming to Wiley's Well since the 1930s with the discovery of geode beds. Even though Wiley's Well has been very popular with rockhounds over the decades, the area remains rich with such minerals as chalcedony, citrine, quartz crystals, rhyolite and jasper. Though winters are mild, making the campground popular with visitors who visit every year from colder areas, summer can be extremely hot with recorded temperatures as high as 130 °F/54 °C. 

Wiley's Well is easy to reach. It is off the Wiley's Well Road exit from Interstate 10, sixteen miles/26km west of Blythe. The entrance to the campground is nine miles/14km south of the highway.

Other websites
--------------

* Article about Wiley's Well by Delmer G. Ross of La Sierra University Archived 2005-04-04 at Archive.today
* Official campground page, California Department of Transportation
* GPS guide to rockhounding at Wiley's Well at Amazon.com
Coordinates: 31°18′56″N 35°21′14″E﻿ / ﻿31.31556°N 35.35389°E﻿ / 31.31556; 35.35389

an aerial view of masada
**Masada** (in Hebrew: **מצדה - metsada** means: **fortress**) is an archaeological site, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Masada is an ancient fortification in the Southern District of Israel. It is on top of an isolated rock plateau, like a mesa. The rock is on the east of the Judaean Desert, and overlooks the Dead Sea.

Herod the Great fortified Masada between 37 and 31 BC, and built palaces for himself on the mountain. 

According to Josephus, the Sicarii, a splinter group of the Hebrew Zealots, held out against a Roman legion here. This was the Siege of Masada at the end of the First Jewish–Roman War. The seige ended in the mass suicide of 960 people – the rebels and their families.

The hill is 63 meters above the sea level and 450 above the dead sea level near Mount Elazar.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Masada***.

* Masada photos
* Masada page on Israeli National Park website Archived 2014-06-16 at Archive.today


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**Anantapur district** (officially:Anantapuram district) is a district in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, India. The district headquarters is located at Anantapur city. As of 2011[update] Census, the district had a population of 4,083,315, of which 28.09% is urban. It has a literacy rate of 64.28%. It is the largest district in terms of area in Andhra Pradesh and the eighth largest district in India respectively.

Geography
---------

Districts of Andhra Pradesh
It is the largest district of Andhra Pradesh spanning an area of 19,130 square kilometres (7,390 sq mi), comparatively equivalent to Japan's Shikoku Island.

It is bounded on the north by Kurnool District, on the east by Kadapa District, on the southeast by Chittoor District, and on the southwest and west by Karnataka state. It is part of Rayalaseema region on the state. Its northern and central portions are a high plateau, generally undulating, with large granite rocks or low hill ranges rising occasionally above its surface. In the southern portion of the district the surface is more hilly, the plateau there rising to 2,000 ft (610 m). above the sea.

Six rivers flow within the district: Penna, Chithravathi, Vedavathi, Papagni, Swarnamukhi, and Thadakaleru. The district receives an average annual rainfall of 381 millimetres.

Anantapur city is 354 km from Hyderabad, 200 km from the neighbouring state capital of Bangalore. Anantapur connects Hyderabad and Bangalore through National Highway 7. There is an airport in the district located in Puttaparthi, known as Sri Sathya Sai Airport; however this airport currently has no scheduled service. Bangalore International Airport is nearest commercial airport to Anantapur District.
Not to be confused with Icknield Way.
A part of Icknield Street in Sutton Park
**Icknield Street** or **Ryknild Street** is a Roman road in Britain that runs from the Fosse Way at Bourton on the Water in Gloucestershire to Templeborough in South Yorkshire. It passes through Alcester, Birmingham, Lichfield and Derby.

Four Roman roads are named in the Laws of Edward the Confessor; Watling Street, Ermine Street, the Fosse Way and Hikenild (or Icknield) Street. Hikenild Street, is generally supposed to be connected with the Iceni. Various forms of the name, the earliest, in Anglo-Saxon, are Icenhilde Weg or Icenilde We. These roads are from the borders of Norfolk through Cambridgeshire, Bucks, Berks, Hants, and Wilts into Dorset. These locations however would identify the path as Icknield Way, an Iron Age trackway running from Norfolk to Dorset. 

This road got the name Ryknild Street during the 12th century when it was named by Ranulf Higdon, a monk writing in 1344 in his *Polychronicon*. Higdon, gives the name of the fourth road as Rikenild Strete, which, he says, tends from the south-west to the north, and begins at St. David's and continues to the mouth of the Tyne, passing Worcester, Droitwich, Birmingham, Lichfield, Derby, and Chesterfield. It has borne that name, or Rigning, Reenald, or Rignall, from early times. In three of the four MSS. of Higdon, the name is given Rikenilde, Rikenyldes, and in the fourth, which is said to be one of the earliest, Hikenil Street. Trevisa's English translation (1387) calls it Rykeneldes Street. Harverfield writing in the Victoria County History of Warwickshire doubted if the road had any real and original right to either name, preferring Ryknild as no less correct, (or no more wrong) and being able to separate it from Icknield Street in Oxfordshire and Berkshire. It is now called Icknield or Ryknild Street to separate it from the older Icknield Way. A kept part of the Roman road can be seen at Sutton Park in Birmingham.
**West Sikkim** is a district of the 
Indian state of Sikkim. The capital is Geyzing. It is also known as Gyalshing. The district is a favourite with trekkers due to the high elevations. Other important towns include Pelling and Yuksom.

Demographics
------------

According to the 2011 census West Sikkim district has a population of 136,299, roughly equal to the nation of Grenada. This gives it a ranking of 608th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 117 inhabitants per square kilometre (300/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 10.58%. West Sikkim has a sex ratio of 941 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 78.69%.

The people are mainly of Limbu descent. Other ethnic groups include the Lepcha and Limbu, Bhutia communities. Nepali is the most widely spoken language in the district.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Gyalshing district***.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide about: ***West Sikkim***

* Official district website Archived 2013-08-15 at the Wayback Machine
**Pind Dadan Khan Tehsil** (Urdu/Punjabi: **پنڈ دادن خان**) is a small area in Jhelum District, in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the oldest tehsil in this area of Pakistan. Its capital city is Pind Dadan Khan. ("Pind" comes from the Punjabi word for "village.") The capital city is on the bank of River Jhelum, about 28 kilometres from the M2 motorway.

Pind Dadan Khan Tehsil is well known for having Asia's largest salt mine, Khewra Salt Mines. The Khewra Salt Mines have been used for over 2000 years, and they have an underground mosque. 

The area has a long history going back to the time of Alexander the Great's invasion (see Punjab (Pakistan)). Alexander the Great's famous horse, Bucephalus, is said to be buried in the small town of Jalalpur Sharif, which is in Pind Dadan Khan.

Pind Dadan Khan Tehsil is named after Nawab Dadan Khan Kamboh. He was the Muslim Governor of Lahore (the capital city of Punjab) in the 1700s.

One important person from Pind Dadan Khan was Nawabzada Ghzanfar Ali Khan. He was a Muslim minister in the 1946 cabinet. Just after the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was created, he became Minister of Health, Food and Agriculture. In December of 1947, he became the Minister of Refugees and Rehabilitation. 

Another important person from this area was Mohammad Ramzan Chotana. He was awarded several gold medals by the British Government for his skill in different technical fields.

One of the important personalities from the area in recent times was Justice (R) Khawaja Imtiaz Ahmad. He served as Chief Justice of the Lahore Highcourt from 2014-2015. He has the honor of being the first person from the area to be made judge of the Lahore Highcourt Lahore. He served as the Chief Justice of the Lahore Highcourt for 9 months and he is still remembered for his contributions to the judiciary of Pakistan.

Administration
--------------

Pind Dadan Khan Tehsil is divided into 16 Union Councils:

Lilla Bhera 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| * Ahmedabad
* Chak Shadi
* Daulatpur
* Dharyala Jalap
* Golepur
* Gujjar
* Haranpur
* Jalalpur Sharif

  | * Kandwal
* Khewra-I
* Khewra-Ii
* Lilla Bhera
* P.D.Khan
* Pindi Saidpur
* Sauwal
* Toba
 |
A Shetland Sheepdog
A **Shetland Sheepdog** is a kind of small dog whose ancestors came from the Shetland Islands. Many people call them *"Shelties"*. They are popular pets in many countries. Shelties have the same origins with Rough Collie and Border Collie. Shelties are a working dog and are sometimes used for herding.

A Sheltie can have a mix of several colors in its coat. Most shelties are sable and white (brown and white) or tri-color (black, white and tan). Their fur is long and they shed twice a year. Shelties range in size from 13 to 16 inches. They usually weigh about 25-30 pounds.

Shelties are very energetic dogs that run and bark a lot. They are great with children. 
It was said that Shelties were sheep dogs so they try to please their master and have a strong sense of responsibility. They do not need very much discipline. Shelties rank in the top ten smartest dogs. They learn new things very quickly and remember them well. Shelties make great family pets as long as you do not mind a dog that barks.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Shetland Sheepdog***.
**Bahawalnagar District** (Urdu: ضلع بہاولنگر) is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Bahawalnagar is the capital.It is 192 miles south of Lahore and about 120 miles east of Bahwalpur. River Satluj passes on the northern side at a distance of about 6 miles.

History
-------

Bahawalnagar originally known as Rojhanwali was a small settlement consisting of few huts and shacks. This village Rojhanwali is still in existence at a distance of about 1.5 miles north of the Railway Station. In the year 1895, railway station was established and was named as Rojhanwali Railway Station. It was a Junction between Bahawalnagar and Bhatinda at distance of 113 miles, now linking branch lines Amrooka and Fortabbas. Before partition it was very busy junction. Trains used to run from Karachi to Delhi and vice versa via Bahawalnagar. Passenger trains also used to run from Bahawalnagar to Fazilka, Ferozpur. There was a locoshed and two institutes meant for recreation.

Administration
--------------

The District of Bahawalnagar is spread over an area of 8,878 square kilometres comprising five tehsils and 118 Union Councils of Pakistan.

* Bahawalnagar Tehsil
* Chishtian Tehsil
* Fort Abbas Tehsil
* Haroonabad Tehsil
* Minchinabad Tehsil
**Recruitment** is the process of finding new people to do a job. For a company or organization, it is important to choose the right people from the beginning. This is because human resources are often a very important part of a business.

Recruitment has many different steps. First, the company needs to advertise that it has a job available. People then send an application. This usually includes a curriculum vitae, which is a summary of what a person has done until now in their life. The best applicants are selected and they come for an interview. This might also include some further tests or exercises to do. The person chosen is then given an offer of a job. Finally, they can choose to take it or not.

There are many ways of doing recruitment. Some companies go to consultants, who know where and how to find the best people. Universities and schools often have a group of people that tells the students about getting a job. At other times, a company might really want a person that is very good at a job but works for another company. They can then ask directly to this person, maybe offering more money. Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn are also sometimes used by people looking for a job.
Qazi Hussain Ahmad was an Islamic scholar, democracy activist, and former leader of a Jamaat-e-Islami, an Islamist political party in Pakistan.

Early life
----------

Qazi was born in 1938 in Nowshera District, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Qazi Hussain Ahmad went to Islamia College, Peshawar and got his Master of Science (MSc) degree in Geography from Peshawar University. He was a lecturer at Jehanzeb College Swat for three years.

Politics
--------

Qazi Hussain Ahmad was first elected as a senator for six years in 1986 and in 1992. He resigned in 1996 to protest corrupt political system. He was elected into the National Assembly in general election 2002 from his native town, Nowshera.

### Long march

Qazi Hussain resigned from the senate on 27 September and started a long march against the Benazir government. On 4 November 1996, Benazir Bhutto's government was dismissed by President Farooq Leghari primarily because of corruption.

Death
-----

Qazi Hussain Ahmad died on 6 January 2013 due to heart attack.
Aimee Allison
**Aimee Allison** (born 1969) is a political activist from the United States. Aimee Allison is working for equality. She is President of *Democracy in Color* and founder of *She the People.*

Childhood and Life
------------------

Growing up, Allison admired her parents. Her mother was a civil rights activist. Her father was a scientist. She was inspired by her parents to get into political activism. When Allison was 17 years old, she joined the army. After being a soldier in the first Gulf War, she realized that she did not agree with fighting wars. Allison became a "conscientious objector," someone who is against war. Allison lives in Oakland, California, USA.

Accomplishments
---------------

Allison went to college and studied history. She went to graduate school and studied education. She studied at Stanford University. In 2006 she ran unsuccessfully for a seat on the Oakland City Council. By 2016 she had two degrees and had co-authored a book about the military and war.

Famous For
----------

Allison is known for founding "She the People," an organization that promotes women of color to be leaders. "She the People" has a project called "Get in Formation." It inspires African-American women to vote. Because women of color are voting, different people are elected as leaders.
**Sylvanian Families** (シルバニアファミリー, *Shirubania famirii*) is a series of anthropomorphic animal figures. They are made from plastic and fake animal fur. They were started in Japan in 1985 by Epoch, but they are now sold worldwide. Many books, DVDs and TV series have been based on the characters. The characters were originally woodland animals like bears, rabbits and hedgehogs, but now other animals such as penguins, meerkats and elephants have been added into the mix. The word *sylvan* means "forest" in Latin.

Setting
-------

Sylvanians were origanally set in Japan in the 1950's most of the families are rural middle-class with many luxuries and local businesses. They have many leisure activities such as horse riding, rowing and hosting garden parties. The simple caravan means that they can enjoy short stays on holiday. This means that they can be away from their house whether it is a small cottage or a multi-storey town house.

Growing
-------

In 1985 Sylvanian Families were launched in both Japan and North America. They were such a success that in 1987 they moved over the Atlantic to Western Europe and to the UK. By 1988 these small toys were a major success world wide, they went on to win London toy of the year award 3 times in a row this had never been achieved before or after. They were so popular that in the late 80's an animated TV series was made, this was greatly watched and spain and the UK. In the 90's it was aired on American TV.

Stopping and Starting
---------------------

By the mid 1990's Sylvanian Families, despite their major success, had gone out of business in the UK. The production company Tomy lost the rights to Sylvanian Families and American Calico Critters. In the late 90's another company, Flair, took over Sylvanian Families and reintroduced them into the UK. It was in 2007 that they celebrated their 20th birthday a special edition dalmation family (that had not been sold since they went out of production) with red party hats saying 'happy birthday'. 2012 was the 25th birthday and they sold a celebration rabbit family in honour a birthday that they never have seen if it hadn't have been for Flair.

The London Shop
---------------

The address for the Sylvanian Families Shop in London is 68 Mountgrove Road. The shop is quite small but stuffed from floor to ceiling with figures, displays and new box sets. People from all around the world to go to the Sylvanian shop to become one of the many people who have been inside the famous shop.

Japanese Musuem and Shop
------------------------

In Japan there is a giant life size Sylvanian Families village, including a bakery with real bread based on the bread in watermill bakery. You can meet life size Sylvanian characters and go in life size houses made from the models themselves.
Choron's 1870 Christmas menu at the restaurant Voisin.
**Alexandre Étienne Choron** (Caen, 1837 – 1924) was a French chef. As *chef de cuisine* of the celebrated restaurant Voisin on the rue Saint Honoré, Choron is best known for his invention of Choron sauce, a béarnaise sauce enriched with tomato concentrate.

Choron is also remembered for the food he served during the Siege of Paris by the Prussians, which began on 19 September 1870. During the siege, Parisians were reduced to eating cats, dogs, and rats. The bourgeois did not want to eat such *low* animals, and the *de luxe* restaurants had plenty of customers. As food reserves dwindled, these restaurants, including Voisin, improvised. Choron served exotic animal dishes at Voisin. For the midnight Christmas meal of 1870, Choron had a menu mostly of the best parts of the animals kept in the *Jardin d'acclimatation* (one of the Paris zoos). The menu – stuffed head of donkey, elephant consommé, roasted camel, kangaroo stew, bear shanks roasted in pepper sauce, wolf in deer sauce, cat with rat, and antelope in truffle sauce – has become legendary. The menu's wines were Mouton-Rothschild 1846, Romanée-Conti 1858 and Château Palmer 1864.

Choron became famous for his elephant dishes (French: *éléphant*): *Trompe d’éléphant in sauce chasseur* and *Éléphant bourguignon*. After the elephant at the *Jardin d'acclimatation* were used at the Christmas table, the two elephants (Castor and Pollux) at the Paris' *jardin zoologique* were consumed on 31 December 1870 at Voisin. In early January, it was the elephant at the *Jardin des Plantes* (Paris' botanical garden) which was sent to the abbatoir. It was bought by Choron for his restaurant at the price of 15 francs per pound. By 13 January Voisin was out of elephant meat and substituted horse. The siege was lifted two weeks later.
**Lora** is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Lora Union Council takes it name from the main village of area. The Local language is Hindko but Urdu is also universally understood. Lora is connected with Abbottabad by the Ghora Gali- Shah Maqsood road, the travelling time from Abbottabad is about 3 hours by Bus and two hours by car. Murree is about 22 km from Lora and can be reached in 40 mins.

Location
--------

Lora is located at 33°52'60N 73°16'60E with a height of 1138 metres (3736 feet). It is in the southern part of Abbottabad District in Havelian Tehsil it is next to other Union Councils these are: Nara to the north, Nagri Totial to the north and east, Goreeni to the south, and Phallah to the west.

UC Lora is crossed by the Nadi Haro River (on which the Khanpur Dam is built). Locals grow seasonal crops such as maize (makai) and wheat (gandum).

Subdivisions
------------

The Union Council of Lora is subdivided into the following areas: Ghari, Ghora, Dheri Kiala, Lora, Narhota, Noorpur, Seri and Thath Karam Shah.

Conditions
----------

Lora has always been an important place and also a business hub of Circle Lora which consists of six union councils (Lora, Goreeni, Phallah, Nagri Tutial, Seer Sharqi and Seer Gharbi). It lies at the peripheral boundary of Abbottabad and many of the people work in Islamabad and Rawalpindi due to easy access by road through the Ghora Gali- Rawalpindi road. Some inhabitants also live and work as far away as Lahore and Karachi, and a number are also expatriates abroad, working in the Middle East and Europe. The area is quite prosperous and the people well-off, thanks to the comparatively better economic conditions and foreign currency remittances.
**Empire of the Sun** is an Australian electronic music group which started in 2007. The band is made up of two musicians, Luke Steele of The Sleepy Jackson and Nick Littlemore of Pnau. The pair achieved chart success with their first single, "Walking on a Dream", which got to number ten on the Australian charts, and reached 64 on the UK Singles Chart.

Their first album also called *Walking on a Dream*, released in October 2008, won a platinum award in Australia. Another single from the album, "We Are the People" reached the top 25. Recently Empire of the Sun was in the news for getting to fourth position on the BBC’s annual Sound of Music poll 2009. They are currently signed to EMI Australia and Virgin UK. In November 2009, the band won four awards from the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). They were given the award for the best group, the best pop release, the Album of the Year, and Single of the Year.

Empire of the Sun is very different, Luke Steele said that "...we are not a band. We're anything we want it to be..." The two musicians play a lot of instruments and dress in elaborate stage costumes.

Other websites
--------------

* Official Empire of the Sun website
* Empire of the Sun on MySpace
The water from this place is salt water
**Salt water** (or **saline water**) is water with a large amount of salt in it. It usually means the water from the seas and oceans (**sea water**). Almost all the water on Earth is saline. River water, however, is usually not saline.

Salt water used for making or preserving food, is usually saltier than sea water and is called **brine**. Drinking sea water alone is dangerous. A summary of 163 life raft voyages showed the risk of death at 39% for those who drank seawater, compared to 3% for those who did not. Experiments on rats showed the danger.

When scientists measure salt in water, they are testing the **salinity** of the water. Salinity is measured in *parts per thousand* or *ppt*. Most sea water is about 35 ppt salt. Salt lakes can be up to ten times as salty. Above that level precipitation creates a salt plain.

Brackish water, in contrast, is less salty than seawater.

Salt water is more dense than fresh water. Fresh water has a density of 1 g/ml, while salty seawater has an average density of about 1.025 g/ml.

Related pages
-------------

* Desalination
* Fresh water
* Water cycle
The **Border Collie** is a breed of dog that originated along the English-Scottish border. It is one of the most intelligent dog breeds. They have been used to herd livestock for over 300 years. It is also famous for a pet or show-dog. The border collie is about 20 inches (51 cm) in height and weighs 31 to 50 pounds (14 to 23 kg). It is usually a long-haired dog. Its coat is often black and white in color.

The Border Collie is a member of the collie dog breed group.

As with other herding and sheepdogs, **border collies** can be fiercely **protective** of their territory and their owners. This inclination (likelihood) to protect their family makes them ideal guard dogs. If a border collie notices anything new, they will always alert the family by barking loudly. 

Exercise is one of the most important aspects of caring for a Border Collie. The herding dog breed has had over a hundred years of genetic reinforcement (to strengthen) to provide them with intelligence, agility, and a high energy level to perform a job (wrangling sheep) that they generally no longer have to do. This is why Border Collies are not recommended for pet owners who may be unable to provide their dogs with high amounts of exercise.
***Crazy Time*** is a hyper-casual mobile game developed by Lion Studios that was released on the App Store and Google Play in 2021. The game features an obstacle course that players must navigate while collecting coins and power-ups. It also has a unique feature where it tracks the time the player spends on the game and rewards them with in-game currency based on how long they play.

GamePlay
--------

In Crazy Time, players control a character that runs through an obstacle course while collecting coins and power-ups. The game has simple controls, with players only needing to swipe left or right to move the character. The objective of the game is to get as far as possible without hitting any obstacles or falling off the course.

As players progress through the game, they can collect power-ups that give them special abilities such as double jump or invincibility. The game also features a variety of obstacles that players must avoid, including spinning blades and moving platforms. If the player makes a mistake and hits an obstacle or falls off the course, they will have to start over.

Time tracking feature
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One unique aspect of Crazy Time is its time tracking feature. The game keeps track of the amount of time the player spends on the game and rewards them with in-game currency based on how long they play. The longer the player stays on the game, the higher the multiplier for their earnings.

Reception
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Crazy Time  has received mixed reviews since its release. Some players[*who?*] have praised the game for its addictive gameplay and time tracking feature, while others[*who?*] have criticized it for its repetitive nature and lack of variety.

Other Websites
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* Crazy Time Tracker | What's & How's
English Cocker Spaniel, white with black patches 
The **English Cocker Spaniel** is a breed of dog. It is one of many Spaniel breeds. Spaniels were bred to hunt. They were used as hunting dogs to retrieve shot animals. Now they are family pets, but are still very active. Cockers have a will of their own. Most English Cocker Spaniels are loving, happy, friendly and intelligent animals.

English Cocker Spaniels make good family pets. They do not like being alone. They will make noise and chew things if alone for too long. These dogs are faithful, social and affectionate. They like to sit close to their owners and sleep in the same room. They want to be together as often as possible. English Cocker Spaniels rank 18th in Stanley Coren's *The Intelligence of Dogs*. This means that they are very intelligent.

English Cocker Spaniels are happy and wag their tails a lot. Because of this, they have the nickname "merry cocker". They can also be dominant but loyal to their family. English Cocker Spaniels come in many different colors. Their height is from 38 to 41 cm, weight is from 11–13 kg.

The English Cocker Spaniel's hair needs to be trimmed from time to time. If not they will shed a lot of hair.

* Orange English Cocker Spaniel, recently trimmedOrange English Cocker Spaniel, recently trimmed
* Orange and white English Cocker SpanielOrange and white English Cocker Spaniel
* Black English Cocker SpanielBlack English Cocker Spaniel
* English Cocker Spaniel, white with black spotsEnglish Cocker Spaniel, white with black spots

Related pages
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* Cocker spaniel
* American Cocker Spaniel
The **Plott Hound** is a medium size breed of dog. They are usually 20-25 inches tall (51-61 cm). Plott Hounds weigh about 45-55 pounds (20-25 kg). They are well-muscled and strong. The Plotts have double coats which are smooth and glossy. They can be any shade of brown, black, or tan. The coat has a striped pattern. They usually have a white patch on the chest. The head is flat with a long muzzle. Their ears are wide and medium in length.

Origin
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In Germany, the early variety of these hounds were used for wild boar hunting.

In 1750, two brothers named Plott left Germany to live in America. They took five of thesewild boar hounds with them. One brother, George Plott, settled in North Carolina with his five dogs. In North Carolina he bred his hounds with Bloodhounds and other mixed breed dogs. The new breed of dogs was called the Plott Hound.

Personality
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Plott Hounds are sometimes used for coon hunting. The Plotts are loyal, smart, athletic, steady, friendly, relaxed and alert to their surroundings. Plott Hounds tend to bark a lot. They are good gentle family dogs and get along with children. Other small pets are fine in the house but could be a problem in an outside setting since the dogs may try to hunt them.

Grooming
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Plott Hounds have short coats. Using a comb or brush will easily remove any dead hair. Also the dog’s ears may have build-up or infections. The ears should be checked and cleaned regularly. If a hound is used for hunting, check the pads on the feet, nails, ears, or for fleas. Plott is a scent hound breed and these breeds have musty aroma, therefore, these dogs need bath regular bath (once a week) to keep this aroma under control.

Health
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Plott Hounds tend to eat fast. If they do eat fast the stomach might twist. This is a life threatening problem called gastric torsion. Plott Hounds live around 10-14 years and are a fairly healthy breed. Plott Hounds are also active dogs and need a lot of physical exercise.

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Plott Hound***.

* Plott Hound. Dog Breed Info Center
* Plott Hound. Breeds of dog
* AKC meet the breeds: Plott. American Kennel Club
Nicely combed American Cocker Spaniel at an exhibition for dogs
The **American Cocker Spaniel** is a breed of dog. It is one of many Spaniel breeds. In the United States, the breed is usually called the Cocker Spaniel. In other parts of the world, it is called the American Cocker Spaniel. This is because there is a Cocker Spaniel called English Cocker Spaniel. They are clever, loving and happy dogs.

The breed
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The breed is the smallest of the sporting or hunting dogs. Also, there are some differences between it and its English relative. It is a happy and intelligent working breed. Because of having been bred to meet show dog qualities, it is no longer an ideal working dog. These Spaniels now have many health problems with their hearts, eyes and ears.

The American Cocker has a medium long silky coat of fur. It has an upturned nose, either black or brown. It has long, silky ears that hang down. The eyes are large, dark in color and round. Fur colors can be black, tan, cream, dark red, buff, roan and sometimes merle.

Behavior
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American Cocker Spaniel with shorter fur, at home
This dog breed is nicknamed the "Merry Cocker". It is a friendly dog and not shy.

It is smart as a hunting dog. IQ tests given in the 1950s and 1960s showed the American Cocker did best of all dogs tested on hunting skills. But, they did not do as well on other skills. These showed they were slower in uncovering a dish of food or pulling on a string. The American Cocker Spaniel is in 20th place in Stanley Coren's *The Intelligence of Dogs*. This means this dog is excellent in "Working or Obedience Intelligence" and in being trained.

If they are played with and loved as puppies, American Cockers can get along with people, children, other dogs and other pets. This breed has a tail that wags most of the time. It likes best to be around people. It is not meant to be left alone in a backyard. Cockers can get stressed by loud noises and by being treated roughly or fussed at.

Because they have now been bred to have a long coat, they can no longer be active enough to hunt or be exercised outside.

Bibliography
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* Coile, D. Caroline (2006). *The Cocker Spaniel Handbook*. Barron's Educational Series Inc. ISBN 978-0-7641-3459-3
* Coren, Stanley (2006). *The Intelligence of Dogs*. Pocket Books. ISBN 1-4165-0287-4
* Palika, Liz (2009). *Cocker Spaniel: Your Happy Healthy Pet*. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-39060-3
* Walker, Joan Hustace (2010). *Barron's Dog Bibles: Cocker Spaniel*. Barron's Educational Series Inc. ISBN 978-0-7641-9709-3

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***American Cocker Spaniel***.

* American Cocker Spaniel at the Open Directory Project
* American Spaniel Club
* Animal Planet: American Cocker Spaniel: Is this the breed for you? Archived 2021-04-25 at the Wayback Machine

* American Cocker Spaniel France
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| View of the National Museum of the United States Air ForceMain entrance to the museum |

The **National Museum of the United States Air Force** (formerly the **United States Air Force Museum**) is the official national museum of the United States Air Force and is located on Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, near Dayton, Ohio. Over 400 aircraft and missiles are on display, most of them indoors. Admission is free.

Exhibits
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The museum has many rare and important aircraft and other exhibits, including one of four surviving Convair B-36s, the only surviving XB-70 Valkyrie, and *Bockscar*–the B-29 Superfortress that dropped the second atomic bomb in World War II. In contrast to the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum, nearly all of the museum's exhibits are extremely accessible. Most are easily touched, even investigated, by visitors.

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***National Museum of the United States Air Force***.

* Official website
* The Air Force Museum Foundation - a private non-profit organization supporting the mission and goals of the National Museum of the USAF

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* United States

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The **English shepherd** or **farm collie**, is a breed of dog from the United States. Even though it is called English, it is not from England. British settlers brought its ancestors to the New World when the British colonized North America.

The UKC Breed Standard for this dog breed, requires:

• The head is to be of medium length, and slightly rounded between the ears. The head and neck are carried slightly raised. 

• The skull is wide and flat above the eyes, broad between the ears.

• Teeth are "strong and regular".

• Ears to be wide at the base.

• Eyes are dark or medium brown, slightly round. Expresses character "strong and intelligently".

• Neck to be well-muscled, and arched.

• Shoulders well laid back, shoulder blade and upper arm of equal length.

• Legs are straight and muscular, not too short.

• Body length is about the same as the height of the withers, (ridge of shoulder blades). Chest is deep, extending down to the elbows. Topline level, ribs well sprung.

• Wide and muscular hindquarters, very compact.

• Feet are compact and round, arched toes.

• Tail moderately long, with the tip reaching to the hock joint. Slight curve, but when dog is at rest should not be held straight up.

• Coat glossy, thick and soft. It may be straight, wavy or curly, except for the face and skull. Fully covers body, good furnishing on hind legs. Tail rather plum, undercoat soft and fine.
The **Welsh Sheepdog** (Welsh: ***Ci Defaid Cymreig***, pronounced [kiː ˈdɛvaɪd kəmˈrɛɨɡ]) is a herding dog breed from Wales. Some people incorrectly call a Welsh Sheepdog a Welsh Collie - usually 'Welsh Collie' is used for a cross between a Welsh Sheepdog and a Border Collie, which is often a milder dog and easier to manage than the pure breed.

Like other types of working dog, Welsh Sheepdogs are normally bred for their herding abilities rather than appearance, and so they are different in build, colour and size. Welsh Sheepdogs are the collie type, usually black-and-white, red-and-white or tricolour, and merle markings may occur over any of these combinations. The coat may be short or fairly long, and the ears are pricked, but usually folded at the tip. They are longer in leg, broader in chest and wider in muzzle than the Border Collie. They are extremely active and intelligent, and therefore need much exercise and mental stimulation, if they are to be kept as pets.

Over many decades the Welsh Sheepdog has mostly been replaced for working sheep in Wales by the Border Collie, a standardised breed. However, in more recent years, efforts have been made to keep the Welsh Sheepdog as a variety.

Welsh Sheepdogs are usually *loose-eyed*, not scaring the stock with their eyes like the *strong-eyed [de]* Border Collie. They are able to work freely without being under human control. Welsh Sheepdogs are most often used for herding sheep, but also work cattle, goats, and even horses and pigs. They were often in the past used as a droving dog to take cattle and sheep to markets in Britain.

Health
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The Welsh Sheepdog is generally healthy, but can be infected by things most other herding breeds are infected by, such as:

• Atopic Dermatitis, which seems to be more common indoors for this breed. It causes irritation to the dog's skin.

• Collie Eye Anomaly, which is very common with collie breeds. It causes sight loss.

• Epilepsy, a brain disorder which causes seizures.

• Hip dysplasia, which makes the hip go weak. Mostly in growing dogs.

• Diabetes, which is not listed for the dog breed being more likely to get, but there are increasing numbers of this. It causes weight loss, and makes the dog urinate more.

Food levels
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The Welsh Sheepdog needs about three cups of dry food each day, which costs between $1.20 and $1.40. The monthly cost of this is about $35, but this can go to $45.
**Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley**, KG (c. 1508-20 March 1549) was the brother of the English Queen Jane Seymour (the third wife of King Henry VIII) and uncle to King Edward VI. He was also the fourth husband of Catherine Parr who was the sixth and last wife of Henry VIII. 

Thomas was the son of Sir John Seymour and Margaret Wentworth. He grew up at Wulfhall in Wiltshire. He was the brother to Edward Seymour, Elizabeth Seymour and Jane Seymour.

Brother to the Queen
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Henry VIII married Jane Seymour in May 1536, eleven days after he executed his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Thomas and his older brother Edward, both saw their fortunes rise, as they became part of the royal family.

In October of the following year, Jane gave birth to a son, Edward Tudor, who would become King Edward VI. Less than two weeks later, Queen Jane died as a result of giving birth, leaving Thomas as an uncle to the baby prince, and in a very powerful position.

Death of Henry VIII
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Queen Catherine Parr
King Henry VIII died in January 1547, leaving his son, Edward VI, as King of England. Thomas's older brother Edward Seymour, became Lord Protector of England, in effect, ruler of England as Regent for his nephew, the king. Thomas was very jealous of his brother's power and worked to replace his brother as Lord Protector.

In April or May of 1547, Thomas secretly married Henry VIII’s widow- Catherine Parr. As they married so soon after Henry VIII's death, many people turned against them.

Relationship with Elizabeth and Catherine's death
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Upon their marriage, Thomas moved into his wife’s house, where they lived with Henry VIII's youngest daughter- who would later become Elizabeth I. When living in the same house, Thomas had a close relationship with Elizabeth. 

When his wife Catherine became pregnant in the spring of 1548, she was worried enough about her husband’s relationship with Elizabeth that she sent her away to live elsewhere. In September 1548, Catherine gave birth to a daughter, but died soon after.

Upon her death, Catherine left all of her possessions to Thomas, making him one of the richest men in England.

Thomas Seymour's downfall
-------------------------

Despite the amount of power and money Thomas now had, he was still jealous that his brother was Lord Protector. He began publicly saying that his brother was not good enough at ruling.

By 1548, Edward Seymour and others responsible for running the country were becoming aware that Thomas was trying to take power. Thomas would not try to explain himself.

On the night of 16 January 1549, Thomas was caught trying to break into the King's apartments at Hampton Court Palace. The next day, he was arrested and sent to the Tower of London. He was found guilty of treason. Thomas was beheaded on 20 March 1549.

Sources
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* Erickson, Carolly (1983). *The First Elizabeth*. New York: Summit Books. ISBN 0671417460.
* Skidmore, Chris (2007). *Edward VI: the Lost King of England*. London: Phoenix. ISBN 9780753823514.