recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
This article is about the number. For the Greek letter, see Tau (letter).
Tau is an endless string of numbers
**Tau** (**τ**) (/ˈtɔː, ˈtaʊ/) is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its radius. This produces a number, and that number is always the same. However, the number is rather strange. The number starts as 6.283185307179586 and continues without end. Numbers like this are called irrational numbers.

The radius is the shortest connection between the center and the circumference of a circle. The circumference is the distance around a circle. Even though the radius and circumference are different for different circles, the number tau remains constant: its value never changes. This is because the relationship between the circumference and radius is always the same.

Fundamentals
------------

### Definition

τ is commonly defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference *c* to its radius *r*:

{\displaystyle \tau ={\frac {c}{r}}}
### Approximate value

Tau is often written as **τ**. It is also an irrational number, meaning it cannot be written as a fraction ({\displaystyle {\frac {a}{b}}}), where 'a' and 'b' are integers (whole numbers). This basically means that the digits of tau that are to the right of the decimal go forever—without repeating in a pattern, and that it is impossible to write the exact value of tau as a number. Tau can only be approximated, or measured to a value that is close enough for practical purposes.

A value close to tau is 6.283185307179586476925287. Computers can be used to get better approximations of tau.

Tau in real life
----------------

There are different ways to calculate many digits of tau. This is of limited use though.

Tau can sometimes be used to work out the area or the circumference of any circle. To find the circumference of a circle, use the formula τ × r (Radius). To find the area of a circle, use the formula τ / 2 × r² (radius squared). This formula is sometimes written as {\displaystyle A={\frac {\tau r^{2}}{2}}}, where *A* is the variable for the area.

People generally celebrate June 28 as Tau Day, because June 28 is also written as 6/28, which represents the first three numbers 6.28 in the approximation of tau.

Related pages
-------------

* π (mathematical constant)
* List of numbers
* Irrational numbers
* Square root of 2
* Golden ratio
* e (mathematical constant)
* Squaring the circle
* Transcendental number
**Carlos Miguel Coronel** (born 29 December 1996) is a Brazilian professional footballer. He plays as a goalkeeper for Major League Soccer club New York Red Bulls.

Club career
-----------

### Early career

He was born in Porto Murtinho, Brazil. Carlos Coronel started his career in the youth of Red Bull Brasil. Then he went on as second goalkeeper for the first team but did not play.

### Red Bull Salzburg

In the summer of 2015 he moved to Austrian Bundesliga club FC Red Bull Salzburg. There he was loaned to FC Liefering playing in 2. Liga. He made his debut for Liefering in July 2015 when he was in the starting team against SKN St. Pölten. 
In May 2018 he made his debut for Salzburg in the Bundesliga against FK Austria Wien. He also played for FC Liefering during the 2017-18 season. 

#### Philadelphia Union (loan)

On 24 January 2019 he went on loan toMajor League Soccer club Philadelphia Union. He played 4 league matches and 8 matches with the second team Bethlehem Steel FC. In July 2019 he came back to Salzburg.

#### Return to Salzburg

After Cican Stankovic was injured and substitute goalkeeper Alexander Walke had been injured for a long time he made his UEFA Champions League debut on 23 October 2019 against SSC Napoli in a 2-3 loss. On 6 November 2019 he played in the 1-1 versus Napoli and played very well. He ended the 2019-20 season playing five times in the Bundesliga, one in the ÖFB-Cup and three in the Champions League. Salzburg won the cup and league double that season.

#### New York Red Bulls (loan)

On 26 February 2021 he went on loan to New York Red Bulls. On 17 April 2021 he debuted for New York versus Sporting Kansas City. Coronel ended his first season with New York appearing in 34 league matches and recording 13 clean sheets. 

### New York Red Bulls

On 6 December 2021 he went from Red Bull Salzburg to New York signing a three year contract with the club.

Other weblinks
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Carlos Miguel Coronel***.

* Carlos Miguel Coronel at Soccerway
**The N** was a block of TV shows that was seen on the Noggin cable channel at night. The block was started on April 1, 2002, by two companies: MTV Networks and Sesame Workshop. The N showed educational shows for tweens and teenagers.

Name
----

The name "The N" stands for "Noggin." When the makers of The N were naming the block, they wanted a name that sounded unique, but because of TV laws, the name needed to be related to Noggin.

Shows
-----

See the main article: List of programs broadcast by Noggin
Noggin showed lots of different shows during The N. Some of these shows used to air during Noggin's daytime schedule, like *A Walk in Your Shoes*. Some of these shows were made specially for The N, like *O'Grady*.

History
-------

All of the shows on Noggin were managed by the same people. One employee for Noggin, named Sarah Tomassi Lindman, said her job was "very schizophrenic" because the preschool and teen shows were so different.

Reviews
-------

The N got positive reviews. In the newspaper *The New York Times*, a journalist named Jon Caramanica was very happy with The N's shows. He said that The N's shows had "complex characters" that were fun to watch. A different writer, Mark McGuire from *The Chicago Tribune*, liked how The N had some educational shows.
Storm Ciarán was a powerful windstorm that affected Europe in early November 2023. 
The Storm was named by the United Kingdom’s Met Office on 29 October 2023. 

The Storm especially affected the Isle of Jersey.
Where a tornado formed during thunderstorms with hail caused by Storm Ciarán. 
Also southern England and France were severely affected by the storm, with record winds in France.
The storm also caused flooding and huge waves.

In the Netherlands an orange weather warning was given for the coastal provinces for high winds. 
Events were canceled and there was a lot of disruption due to canceled flights, trains and busses. 

There were 15 fatalities as a result of the storm. 
A 46-year-old woman died in Germany when a tree fell on her. 
There were 2 deaths in Belgium, a 5-year-old child and a 64-year-old woman. 
A 23-year-old woman died in Spain.
In France two deaths were reported, including a 72-year-old man who was blown off his balcony.
And in the Netherlands a person was killed when a tree fell on their car. 
As of 3 November 2023, seven more died in Italy and one in Albania.

In total there were more than 1 million power outages, in Cornwall around 4.000 properties were left without power.

Highest wind gust per country
-----------------------------

| Country | Gust | Location |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  Belgium | 105 km/h | Zeebrugge |
|  France | 207 km/h | Pointe du Raz |
|  Germany | 144 km/h | Brocken |
|  Ireland | 145 km/h | Hook Lighthouse |
|  Italy | 197 km/h | Punta Ala |
|  Luxembourg | 102 km/h | Wiltz |
|  Netherlands | 116 km/h | IJmuiden |
|  Spain | 140 km/h | A Vila de Bares |
|  United Kingdom | 167 km/h | St. Clement, Jersey |
**The Jesus and Mary Chain** are an alternative rock band formed in East Kilbride, Scotland in 1984. The band is based on the songs written by brothers Jim and William Reid and has had nineteen different musicians over the years. They have created many albums, singles and EPs. The band began playing in 1984 and stopped in 1999. In 2007 the band reunited and began work on a new album with Scarlett Johannson.

History
-------

### Early years

**The Jesus and Mary Chain** was based on the songwriting partnership of its two main members, Jim and William Reid, and bass guitar player Douglas Hart.
The bands first career song, "Upside Down", was sold in October 1984 by Creation Records. The melody and lyrics ("Inside I feel so bad/So low I feel so sad/Feels like I'm going mad/Best friend I've ever had.") are similar to 1960s 'wall of sound' pop music such as music by Brill Building and Phil Spector, but "Upside Down" is more noisy with very simple drums and one guitar playing high pitched feedback during most of the song.

The first drummer to play for the band was Murray Dalglish who was replaced by Bobby Gillespie (now a singer for Primal Scream). William Reid claimed that he had played the drums for the first song himself because of Dalglish's lack of ability. The single was given pleasing reviews by British music journalists, and the band was given fanatical support by the *NME*, it was their live shows that started most interest in The Jesus and Mary Chain[*source?*].

Discography
-----------

### Studio albums

* *Psychocandy* (1985)
* *Darklands* (1987)
* *Automatic* (1989)
* *Honey's Dead* (1992)
* *Stoned & Dethroned* (1994)
* *Munki* (1998)
* *Damage and Joy* (2017)
* *Glasgow Eyes* (2024)

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***The Jesus and Mary Chain***.

* Official website (offline)
* Official MySpace
* Discography at Discogs.com
* The Jesus and Mary Chain at All Music Guide
Traditional painting of «The vinegar tasters» (配图古诗精选, ca. 1880)
The **Vinegar tasters** (三酸圖, three sips; 嘗醋翁 or old men tasting vinegar; 嘗醋圖, 尝醋图), is an allegoric picture that represents Confucianism, Buddhism and the Taoism, favorably with the last one and critically with the other two.

In the picture, three men are dipping a finger in a vinegar pot and tasting it. One of the men reacts with a sour expression, other reacts with a bitter expression and the last one reacts with a sweet expression. The three men are representations of Confucius, Gautama Buddha and Laozi and represent the three greatest Chinese philosophical traditions and the predominant attitude towards life of each one of them.

Confucianism sees life like something sour that needs rules to correct the degeneration of the people's attitudes. Buddhism sees life like a bitter experience, full of fear and pain. Taoism, however, doesn't waste time valuing life, it simply sees things as they are in their natural state and accepts them as they are.

Other interpretation of the painting is one called "three teachings in one".

* Kakuzo. *The Book of Tea (EasyRead Edition)*. ReadHowYouWant.com. 2006. p.23. ISBN 1-4250-0026-6.
* Smith, Gilly. *Asian Secrets of Sexual Ecstasy: Discover the Power of Bliss*. Citadel Press. 1996. p. 8. ISBN 0-8065-1804-9
* Hopfe, Lewis M; revised by Woodward, Mark R. "Religions of the World". Pearson Prentice Hall. 2007. p 176. ISBN 0-13-224045-9
* Ji, Sang. Religions and Religious Life in China. China Intercontinental Press, 2004.
* Smith, Huston. The World's Religions. New York: Harper Collins Publishers Inc. 1958.

Other websites
--------------

* Three teachings in one in English Wikipedia
* An excerpt from *The Tao of Pooh* by Benjamin Hoff Archived 2012-02-04 at the Wayback Machine
* An interpretation of The Vinegar Tasters
**Air India Flight 182** was a passenger plane which, on June 23, 1985, exploded from a bomb that was placed on the plane. The aircraft was going between Montréal-Mirabel International Airport, Montreal, Quebec, and New Delhi, India. It was an Air India Boeing 747-237B, registration VT-EFO. The bombing was called the largest mass murder in modern Canadian history, and the deadliest act of air terrorism before 9/11.

Bombing
-------

The flight was going between Montreal and New Delhi. The plane exploded when it was flying 31,000 feet over Atlantic Ocean South of Ireland. The bomb was hidden in a Sanyo tuner in a suitcase which was in the forward cargo hold. Around fifty-five minutes later after the loss of the aircraft, a suitcase which was checked in by one of the accused perpetrators in the bombing exploded at Japan’s Narita Airport and killed two baggage handlers and injured four other people nearby. The suitcase was on its way to another airliner at Narita. At least 329 people were killed in the explosion aboard Flight 182.

Passengers
----------

Most of the victims on-board were Canadians, but 27 came from the United Kingdom, and 10 more came from the United States, five from Brazil, four from Germany, three from France, two each from Italy and Australia, one each from Japan, Mexico, Russia, China, and Belgium. Four passengers and all 22 crew members were from India' 

| Nationality | Passengers | Crew | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  Canada | 268 | 0 | 268 |
|  United Kingdom | 27 | 0 | 27 |
|  United States | 10 | 0 | 10 |
|  Brazil | 5 | 0 | 5 |
|  Germany | 4 | 0 | 4 |
|  France | 3 | 0 | 3 |
|  India | 4 | 22 | 26 |
|  Italy | 2 | 0 | 2 |
|  Australia | 2 | 0 | 2 |
|  Japan | 1 | 0 | 1 |
|  Mexico | 1 | 0 | 1 |
|  Russia | 1 | 0 | 1 |
|  China | 1 | 0 | 1 |
|  Belgium | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| **Total** | **307** | **22** | **329** |

Suspects
--------

The suspects in the bombing were from the Sikh separatist group called the Babbar Khalsa:

* Talwinder Singh Parmar
* Inderjit Singh Reyat
* Ripudaman Singh Malik
* Ajaib Singh Bagri
* Surjan Singh Gill
* Hardial Singh Johal and Manmohan Singh
* Daljit Sandhu
* Lakhbir Singh Brar Rode
With classic tunes of thrash metal and riffs derived from the punk trend, "**Tormentor**" is a 1983 single recognized as one of the most emblematic songs of the American band Slayer from their album *Show No Mercy*. 

Several songs and bands have the name *Tormentor* in their names or titles. However, Slayer's "Tormentor" is one of the best known in which the word is used. The band Kreator also has a song called "Tormentor", created two years after Slayer's song.

As with other songs of the band, "Tormentor" has a dark and lugubrious tone reminiscent of the album *Killers*, by Iron Maiden, where a story is told, sometimes in the first person, with a supernatural theme, Noir story, or Satanism.

Song
----

The narrative is from the point of view of a murderer in search of anyone walking in the solitude of the night in order to turn them into his next victim. The killer does not want to kill too soon as he starts playing with them. The murderer likes to see how fear upsets the victim who sees the potential murderer in every shadow. They realize that their mind is playing tricks on them. This is what the murderer wants, as it will torment them (hence the name of *Tormentor*, "he who torments") until, in the end, he strikes.
In most countries **local elections** take place to elect people in local government, such as mayors and councillors. Elections to positions within a city or town are often known as "municipal elections". The way these elections are done varies. 

In some places the mayor is elected by votes of all the people in the area. Those directly elected mayors often have a lot of power. In other places the councillors choose one of them to be the mayor, often for just a year. 

The elections of councillors generally happen every three or four years. Sometimes all the councillors are elected at the same time. In other places some of them are elected each year. There may be more than one council covering an area, with some very local and others covering a wider area. The rules about who can vote and how the votes are counted may be different.

There may be separate elections for organisations running particular services, like water supplies.

Political parties often are involved in the elections, but in the most local elections there are more independent politicians than there are in national elections.
**Hidde van der Ploeg** (29 December 1933 — 3 May 2022) was a Dutch volleyball player, basketball player, volleyball coach, sports editor and reporter.

Career
------

### Volleyball player

Van der Ploeg played in the late 1950s and 1960s with the club REVA in Amsterdam (that later became AMVJ). He played together with international players Gertie Goedhals, Hans Maas and Paul van Lith.

Van der Ploeg played 39 matches for the Dutch national volleyball team including at the 1958 Men's European Volleyball Championship. In 1960 he came into conflict with the volleyball board and was put on non-active status.

### Basketball player

In 1962 he started playing basketball with club Landlust. He played two seasons for Landlust (1962-1964) and afterwards two seasons for U.S. (1964-1966). He played a total of 13 matches during this four seasons in the Dutch Basketball League A.  He also played one match for the Netherlands men's national basketball team.

### Volleyball coach

Van der Ploeg became coach of AMVJ in 1968, and the team became in April 1969 for the fifth time national champion. Van der Ploeg saw international ambitions with the club. He wanted to increase among others the numbers of training sessions as some players only trained twice per week. After he came in a conflict with players his contract was not renewed in 1969. He improved his training methods while also working as a sports teacher at the university and as a volleyball trainer at the CIOS in Overveen. He became convinced that the Netherlands could become internationally successful with a stricter training regime and a different attitude.

In 1969 he was asked by the Nederlandse Volleyball Bond (NeVoBo) to become the head coach of the Netherlands men's national volleyball team where he applied his vision and training regime. The successes were mixed, but according to Van der Ploeg disappointing. After the 1970 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship he wrote an article for De Tijd about the Championships. In this article he criticized the team. This was not accepted by the volleyball association and Van der Ploeg was fired in November 1970. After a long search, the Polish Ben Krysik became his successor. He was offered a contract as coach at HVS in Haarlem that he accepted and later Van der Ploeg returned as coach for AMVJ.

He returned again for a very short while as coach for AMJV, but couldn’t combine it with his job at NRC Handelsblad.

### Journalism

For VARA he renewed the radio program 'Van Start tot Finish' (translated: From start to finish) with ironic contributions of duo Henk Spaan and Harry Vermeegen. 

From 1979 to the 1988 Summer Olympics, Van der Ploeg was the sports editor of national newspaper NRC Handelsblad. During these years Tim Krabbé, Freek de Jonge and Herman Kuiphof had their columns on the sports pages and made also space for a weekly column written by women. In December 1984 when Arie Selinger, the coach of the Olympic women’s USA silver medal winning team, gave a press conference in Amsterdam, Van der Ploeg was the only journalist who showed up. After being sports editor he continued working as reporter for NRC Handelsblad.
***Gummo*** is a 1997 teenage drama movie. Harmony Korine wrote and directed the movie. *Gummo* is set in Xenia, Ohio, a Midwestern town that was devastated by a tornado.

The movie was shot in Nashville, Tennessee under a budget of $1 million. It was not given a large theatrical release. Because of that,*Gummo* failed to bring in much money. Reviews on the movie from the critics were mixed.

Plot
----

A young boy named Solomon narrates events from the tornado that went through the small town of Xenia, Ohio. A mute adolescent boy, nicknamed Bunny Boy, wears only tennis shoes, shorts and pink bunny ears on an overpass in the rain.

A boy named Tummler, who is also a friend for Solomon, carries a cat by its neck. He drowns the cat in a barrel of water. *Gummo* then cuts into a different scene with Tummler in a wrecked car with a girl. They fondle one another. Tummler realizes there is a lump on one of the girl's breast's. Tummler and Solomon then ride down on a hill on bicycles.

Later, Tummler points an air rifle at another cat. Solomon stops him from killing the cat and says it was a housecat. The boys leave. The camera then follows the cat to its owners' house. The cat is owned by three sisters, two are teenagers, the third has not gone through puberty yet.

The movie later cuts to a scene in which two foul-mouthed boys dressed as cowboys destroy things in a junkyard. Bunny Boy comes. The other boys shoot him "dead" using cap guns. Bunny Boy plays dead. The boys curse at him, go through his pockets and remove one of his shows. The boys later get bored of it. Bunny Boy is left on the ground

Cast
----

* Jacob Reynolds as Solomon
* Nick Sutton as Tummler
* Linda Manz as Solomon's mother
* Chloë Sevigny as Dot
* Carisa Glucksman as Helen
* Darby Dougherty as Darby
* Jacob Sewell as Bunny Boy
* Mark Gonzales as Chair wrestler
* Max Perlich as Cole
* Daniel Martin as Jarrod Wiggley
* Harmony Korine as Boy on couch

Filming
-------

*Gummo* was shot in some of the poorest neighborhoods across Nashville.

The movie was shot in just four weeks in the summer of 1996.

Themes
------

*Gummo* goes over multiple issues, like vandalism, homicide, violence, drug abuse, profanity, sexual abuse, homophobia, prostitution and sexism.

Release
-------

The movie was first shown at the 24th Telluride Film Festival on August 29, 1997. The original rating for the movie was NC-17. It was edited so it could receive an R.

Critical reception
------------------

As of 2021, *Gummo* holds a 38% "rotten" rating under Rotten Tomatoes with 56 reviews. Under Metacritic, the movie is rated at 19/100, which means "an overwhelming dislike".
A steam turbine
**Technology** is the skills, methods, and processes used to achieve goals. The word has been in use since the 17th century. 

People can use technology to:

* Produce goods or services
* Carry out goals, such as scientific investigation or sending a spaceship to the moon
* Solve problems, such as disease or famine
* Do things we already do, but more easily.

Technology can be knowledge of how to do things. Some machiness have automatic controls. This lets others use the machines without knowing how they work. **Technological systems** use technology by taking something, changing it, then producing a result. They are also known as **technology systems**.

The most simple form of technology is the development and use of basic tools. The discovery of fire and the Neolithic Revolution made food easier to get. Other inventions, such as the wheel and the ship, helped people to transport goods and themselves. Information technology, such as the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, has led to globalization. 

People have used technology for millions of years. Without food technology, most people would die.

Etymology
---------

The word "technology" comes from two Greek words:

* τέχνη, *techne*, meaning "art, skill, or cunning of hand"
* -λογία, *-logia,* a suffix meaning "the study of"

Related pages
-------------

* Engineering
* Inventor

  


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**Brenton Harrison Tarrant** (born 27 October 1990), a white Australian man, was 28 years old at the time of the shootings. He grew up in Grafton, New South Wales, where he attended Grafton High School. After Tarrant's parents separated when he was young, his mother's subsequent boyfriend abused her and the children. He worked as a personal trainer in his hometown from 2009 to 2011, quitting after an injury; in that time, he inherited A$457,000 from his father, who committed suicide in 2010. In 2015, he took a trip to Ukraine and came into contact with extreme right-wing groups.

At the time of the shootings, Tarrant had been living in Andersons Bay in Dunedin since 2017. He was a member of a South Otago gun club, where he practised shooting at its range. A neighbour described him as a friendly loner. In 2018, Tarrant was treated for eye and thigh injuries at Dunedin Hospital; he told doctors he had sustained the injuries while trying to dislodge an improperly chambered bullet from a gun. The doctors also treated him for steroid abuse, but never reported Tarrant's visit to the authorities, which would have resulted in police reassessing his fitness to hold a gun licence

Attack
------

See the main article: Christchurch mosque shootings
***Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature*** is an 1863 book by Thomas Henry Huxley, in which he gives evidence for the evolution of man and apes from a common ancestor. 

It was the first book devoted to the topic of human evolution, and discussed much of the anatomical and other evidence. Backed by this evidence, the book said that evolution applied as fully to man as to all other life.

Precursors of the idea
----------------------

In the 18th century Linnaeus and others had classified man as a primate, but without drawing evolutionary conclusions. 

It was Lamarck, the first to develop a coherent theory of evolution, who discussed human evolution in this context.

Robert Chambers in his anonymous *Vestiges* also clearly made the point.

The book came five years after Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace announced their theory of evolution by means of natural selection, and four years after the publication of Darwin's *Origin of Species*. In the *Origin* Darwin had deliberately avoided tackling human evolution, except for a sentence: "Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history". Darwin's sequel came eight years later, with *The Descent of Man, and Selection in relation to Sex* (1871).

Content and structure of the book
---------------------------------

### Chapters

I. *On the natural history of the man-like Apes* p1–56. This contains a summary of what was known of the great apes at that time.

II. *On the relations of Man to the lower animals* p57–112. This chapter and its addendum contained most of the controversial material, and is still important today.

Addendum: *A succinct history of the controversy respecting the cerebral structure of Man and the apes* p113–118.
III. *On some fossil remains of Man* p119–159. A neanderthal skull-cap and other bones had been found, and various remains of early *Homo sapiens*. Huxley compares these remains with existing human races.
**Shocker** is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by Stan Lee and John Romita Sr, and debuted in *The Amazing Spider-Man* #46 in March 1967. He is mainly an antagonist in the Spider-Man comic book series. At least two men, **Herman Schultz** and **Jackson Bruce**, have assumed the identity of the said supervillain.

Schultz was originally a self-taught engineer and renowned safe cracker who invented a pair of gauntlets capable of producing powerful vibrational shock waves. He incorporated these gauntlets into a protective battlesuit and became a mercenary for hire. As the Shocker, Schultz quickly rose in New York City's criminal underworld and has been employed by various crime lords, which has often put him into conflict with Spider-Man. One notable trait that differentiates the Shocker from most other Spider-Man villains is his pursuit of wealth and a comfortable life rather than revenge or chaos. As a result, he has sometimes put aside his differences with Spider-Man and has helped him or other heroes when it was in his best interest.

Adaptations
-----------

The character has been adapted from the comics into various forms of media, having been voiced by Jim Cummings in *Spider-Man: The Animated Series*, Jeff Bennett in *The Spectacular Spider-Man*, and David B. Mitchell in the video game *Spider-Man*. Two iterations of the character were featured in the 2017 Marvel Cinematic Universe movie *Spider-Man: Homecoming*, with Herman Schultz portrayed by Bokeem Woodbine and Jackson Price portrayed by Logan Marshall-Green.
***The Thundermans*** is an American comedy television series created by Jed Spingarn. It aired on Nickelodeon from October 14, 2013 to May 25, 2018. The series stars Kira Kosarin, Jack Griffo, Addison Riecke, Diego Velazquez, Chris Tallman, Rosa Blasi, and Maya Le Clark. It also features the voice of Dana Snyder as Dr. Colosso.

Plot
----

The series revolves around the Thundermans, a family with superpowers who try to live normal lives in the fictional town of Hiddenville. Phoebe dreams of being a superhero and using her powers for good, while her twin brother Max wants to be the next big supervillain and use his powers for evil. Parents Hank and Barb attempt to live normal lives and not use their superpowers – albeit not very successfully – while Nora and Billy enjoy using theirs whenever possible. A former supervillain named Dr. Colosso has been transmogrified into a rabbit and lives in Max's lair in the basement, offering him advice on becoming a villain. 

At the end of the second season, Chloe is introduced as the baby sister.

### 3rd season

During the third season, Phoebe starts training to become a superhero, while the master super villain, Dark Mayhem, trains Max to become a villain. At the end of the season, Dark Mayhem (Jamieson Price) asks Max to prove he is a villain by taking away Phoebe's powers. However, Max chooses his family and becomes a superhero instead by helping them take down Dark Mayhem.

### 4th season

During the fourth season, Max and Phoebe, under their Thunder Twins team-up, are selected as candidates for membership to the elite Hero League team called the Z-Force. Halfway through the season, Phoebe accidentally absorbs Dark Mayhem's powers, which turn her evil, but her family saves her. At the end, Phoebe and Max become the new Z-Force leaders and enroll the Thundermans as members.

Cast and characters
-------------------

* Kira Kosarin as Phoebe Thunderman
* Jack Griffo as Max Thunderman
* Addison Riecke as Nora Thunderman
* Diego Velazquez as Billy Thunderman
* Chris Tallman as Hank Thunderman
* Rosa Blasi as Barb Thunderman
* Maya Le Clark as Chloe Thunderman (recurring, season 3; main, season 4)

Series overview
---------------

| Season | Episodes | Originally aired |
| --- | --- | --- |
| First aired | Last aired |
|  | 1 | 20 | October 14, 2013 (2013-10-14) | June 14, 2014 (2014-06-14) |
|  | 2 | 24 | September 13, 2014 (2014-09-13) | March 28, 2015 (2015-03-28) |
|  | 3 | 25 | June 27, 2015 (2015-06-27) | October 10, 2016 (2016-10-10) |
|  | 4 | 29 | October 22, 2016 (2016-10-22) | May 25, 2018 (2018-05-25) |
English WiktionaryEnglish Wiktionary
The English Wiktionary has a dictionary definition (meanings of a word) for: ***ceasefire***

A **ceasefire** (or **truce**) is a stoppage of a war or any armed conflict, where each side of the conflict agrees with the other to stop aggressive actions for some time. Ceasefires may be declared as part of a formal peace treaty, but they have also been called part of an informal understanding between opposing forces.

Historical examples
-------------------

### World War I

On December 24, 1914, during World War I, there was an unofficial ceasefire as both the Germans and the British sought to observe Christmas (the "Christmas Truce"). There was no treaty signed, and after a few days the war resumed.

### Korean War

A ceasefire was reached on July 27, 1953 to halt the conflict of the Korean War and establish a demilitarized zone. But no peace treaty has been signed. Therefore, officially North and South Korea are still at war.

Present examples
----------------

### Kashmir conflict

See the main article: Line of Control
Pakistan's government has repeatedly claimed that the Republic of India is violating the Simla Agreement by constructing a fence along the cesefire line in the Kashmir Conflict. Then-Pakistani President and ex-Army Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan) Pervez Musharraf promised in 2002 to curb infiltration into the Territorial dispute. After the November 2003 ceasefire line agreement, building resumed and was completed in late 2004. LoC fencing was completed in Kashmir Valley and Jammu region on 30 September 2004. According to Indian Military sources, the fence has reduced by 80% the numbers of militants who routinely cross into the occupied territory of the disputed state to attack Indian soldiers.

### Israeli–Palestinian conflict

Stop_the_Genocide!_National_Protest_-_Global_Call_for_a_Permanent_Ceasefire_024_Helsinki,_Finland_(53460487717)A protest in Finland calling for a **permanent ceasefire** between Israel and Palestine
Another example of a ceasefire in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict was announced between the State of Israel and the Palestinian National Authority on February 8, 2005. When announced, chief Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat publicly defined the ceasefire as follows: "We have agreed that today President Mahmoud Abbas will declare a full cessation of violence against Israelis anywhere and Prime Minister Ariel Sharon will declare a full cessation of violence and military activities against Palestinians anywhere."

Related pages
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* Demilitarized zone
* Peace
* War
**Karan Kumar Johar** (born **Ankul Kumar Johar**, 25 May 1972), is an Indian film director, producer, screenwriter, costume designer, actor and television personality who works in Hindi films.

He is the son of producer Yash Johar, he made his directorial debut with the romantic comedy-drama *Kuch Kuch Hota Hai* (1998). The film starred Shah Rukh Khan, Kajol, and Rani Mukherji. The film was a blockbuster and earned him the Filmfare Award for Best Director and the Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay. His next films, the group family melodrama *Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham* (2001) and the ensemble musical romantic drama *Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna* (2006), all starring Shah Rukh Khan, were both very successful in the national and global market. His social drama *My Name Is Khan* (2010) earned him his second Filmfare Award for Best Director. The 2018 spy thriller *Raazi* won him Filmfare Award for Best Film. These, along with the several successful films he has produced under the Dharma Productions banner, have considered him as one of the leading director-producers in Hindi cinema.

Johar has also volunteered successfully into other approaches to the entertainment industry. He hosts a television talk show, *Koffee with Karan*, a dating show *What the Love!* and a radio show *Calling Karan*, and appeared as a judge on competition reality shows *Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa*, *India's Got Talent*, *India's Next Superstars*. Those shows have become very popular.

In 2020, he was granted with the Padma Shri award, the fourth-highest civilian honour of India.
The **Friar of the weather** (sold as *fraile del tiempo* ) is a hygrometer built with the hair of a *blond, young woman of Slavic race* designed by Calella inventor Agapit Borràs Pedemonte in 1894. The figure represents a Capuchin friar seated with a globe at his feet and an open book in his right hand. Through the pointer of his left hand, the friar indicates whether the weather will be *dry, rough, windy, good, unsafe, windy, wet* or *rain*. As the pointer moves due to hair expansion, so does its hood. The company has made more than 40 different versions of the instrument, in some of which the friar has been replaced by nuns, warriors, Christopher Columbus or even by the monk from the children's drink Kina San Clemente.  The product is available in Spanish, Catalan, Galician, Basque, Portuguese, French, Italian, German and English. 

To commercialize it, the company *Tot Ideas SL* was founded , owned by the Borràs family from Mataró. When, in 2001, Juguetes Borràs merged with Educa, this company was left out of the merger. and still markets today this instrument exporting it to France, Italy, Portugal and even Malta.

Other websites
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* Product website
* The product on the company's website
*Ahlgrens bilar* ("Ahlgren's Cars") candy
**Ahlgrens** was a Swedish confectionery company. It was started by Fredrik Ahlgren in the town of Gävle in 1885 as a store that sold paint and wallpaper. The business later started to also make and sell various types of chemicals, perfumes and other products. In 1908, the business introduced a brand of mouthwash called Läkerol. The next year, pastille started to be sold under the same brand, and is still sold in multiple countries in several variants. 

In 1993, the Finnish company Huhtamäki bought Ahlgrens, then quickly rebranded all products by Ahlgrens to Leaf, except for Ahlgrens bilar.

Ahlgrens bilar (Swedish for "Ahlgren's Cars") is the best known product by Ahlgrens. They are small marshmallows in the shape of cars, which have been sold since 1953. They are marketed as 'Sveriges mest köpta bil' (Swedish for "Sweden's most bought car"), which might technically be correct because of the total number of marshmallows in the shape of cars that are sold. Ahlgrens bilar are so popular in Sweden that some stores that are designed to cater for tourists and residents from Sweden in other countries have started to also sell them.

Other car-related and road-related products are sold as Ahlgrens bilar, including liquorice car tyres, travel trailers and sour road signs. Out of the sour road signs, tourists from Germany specifically enjoy the elk warning signs.

Other websites
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* Ahlgrens bilar (in Swedish, Danish and Norwegian)
On 15 March 1986, in one of Singapore’s worst civil disasters, the Lian Yak Building (better known as Hotel New World) collapsed. 33 people died and 17 were rescued alive from the rubble.

The Singapore Fire Service (SFS) (present-day Civil Defence Force), the Armed Forces and the police all assisted in the rescue operation. Passers-by and nearby residents also joined in, helping to clear the rubble and pull out survivors. SAF medical officers and MOH doctors present took turns to crawl through narrow spaces inside the rubble to try and provide assistance to trapped survivors, giving glucose and saline drips to them. At first, power saws and drills were used to cut through the rubble and reach survivors; however the use of heavy machinery posed a risk to people trapped under the rubble. 

This led to concern among tunnelling experts from Britain, Ireland and Japan who were involved in nearby construction for the Mass Rapid Transit, which included Thomas Gallagher, Thomas Mulleary, Patrick Gallagher, Michael Prendergast, and Michael Scott; as well as Tan Jin Thong, Deputy Director (Operations) SFS.

They volunteered to dig 4 tunnels under the rubble, which resulted in the rescue of another eight survivors. They later received the Pingat Gagah Perkasa (Conspicuous Gallantry Medal) for their actions.

The investigation found that during the calculation of the building’s structural load, only the LIVE LOAD (weight of people in the building, and additional fixtures and fittings, such as furniture) was factored in. The DEAD LOAD (weight of the building itself) was completely omitted from the calculation. This meant the building was not designed to support its own weight. It was later discovered that an unqualified draftsman, instead of a professional structural engineer, did the calculations for the building. The owner (which died in the collapse) also requested to use inferior materials in construction, in order to reduce the cost.

After the incident, Singapore’s building safety regulations were updated. Since 1989, all structural designs/calculations must not only be prepared by a Professional Engineer, but also counter-checked by an independent Accredited Checker.
**Shinji Ikari** (碇シンジ) is a main character in *Neon Genesis Evangelion*. He is the pilot of Evangelion Unit 01.

Profile
-------

Shinji was born on June 6, 2001. His father, Gendo (ゲンドウ), is the commander of NERV. His mother, Yui (ユイ), died when Shinji was a child. Shinji lives in "Tokyo-3", a city built, after the original Tokyo was destroyed. He is a junior high school student and the pilot of Unit 01. He plays the cello. His blood type is A.

Personality
-----------

Shinji has low self-esteem. He is scared of piloting, and has left NERV a few times. He always returns to NERV for various reasons. Shinji makes a few friends throughout the series. He courageously tries to help them when they have problems, even if he could get hurt.

Relationships
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### Asuka Soryu

Asuka is a selfish American-German pilot of Unit-02. She insults anyone who tries to support her.

### Gendo Ikari

Shinji does not spend time with his father often.

### Rei Ayanami

Rei feels more lonely than Shinji, but acts like she does not have feelings. He is curious about her.

### Misato Katsuragi

Shinji's guardian who lives in her apartment.

Quotes
------

* "I mustn’t run away."
Artist's restoration
***Ohmdenia*** is an extinct genus of pachycormiform from the Lower Jurassic of Germany. Its only species is ***O. multidentata***. Some studies say *Ohmdenia* is a synonym of *Saurostomus*.

Description
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Unfortunately, the fish is only known from an incomplete fossil, so we don't know what it looks like. We can say that *Ohmdenia* was a large animal, averaging two and a half meters long. The body is elongated and thick. It had a wide mouth and a long and short skull.

Taxonomy
--------

*Ohmdenia* is a member of the family Pachycormidae in the order Pachycormiformes. For a long time, *Ohmdenia* was considered a close relative of *Birgeria*, a famous Triassic predator. Further studies show that this is not the case, so they placed it in the extinct order Pachycormiformes.

Related pages
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* Hypsocormus
* Mamulichthys
* Saurostomus
* Balistomorphus
* Bobasatrania
* Australosomus
* Allothrissops
* Allomorone
* Asialepidotus
* Orthocormus

This is a fossil of *Ohmdenia*. It is incomplete.
**Olfactores** is a group, called a clade, in taxonomy. Taxonomy is the way scientists put living things in groups to show how they are related to each other. Olfactores is part of the phylum Chordata, animals with notochords. These are rods of tissue that form inside the developing embryo. In many organisms, the notochord helps the spine or nervous system grow, but some animals have only a notochord and no spinal bones. Olfactores contains Vetulicolia, Tunicata (Urochordata) and Vertebrata (also named Craniata). Most animals in Chordata are also in Olfactores. Only the animals in Cephalochordata are in Chordata but not Olfactores.

Scientists started to think taxonomy needed a special name for this group of living things in 2006. They studied large numbers of data and saw a pattern that said the organisms in Olfactores had a relationship with each other that they did not have with cephalochordates. The name *olfactores* comes from Latin word *olfactus* for "sense of smell." Scientists named this clade "Olfactores" because the animals in it grow a pharynx as part of their respiratory system and use it to breathe. Cephalochordates, for example the lancelet, do not have respiratory systems and they do not have any organs whose job is only to smell things.

Phylogeny
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Deuterostomia | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Xenambulacraria | 

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| --- | --- |
|  | Xenacoelomorpha |
|  |
| Ambulacraria | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Echinodermata |
|  |
|  | Hemichordata |
|  |

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|  |

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|  |
| Chordata | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Cephalochordata |
|  |
| **Olfactores** | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Urochordata/Tunicata |
|  |
|  | Vertebrata/Craniata |
|  |

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Fried veggies
This man is outside cooking on top of a fire in Laos
Two women cooking on a fire in India
A man cooking food on a farm
**Cooking** is a process to make food ready to eat by heating it.

Raw food is food that is not cooked. Some foods are good to eat raw. Other foods are not good for the body when they are raw, so they must be cooked. Some foods are good to eat either raw or cooked.

Methods
-------

Cooking is often done in a kitchen using a stove, an oven or for pre-prepared meals, a microwave. It can also be done over a fire (for example, over a campfire or on a barbecue).

The heat for cooking can be made in different ways. It can be from an open fire that burns wood or charcoal. It can be on a stove or in an oven that uses propane, natural gas, or electricity.

There are several different ways to cook food. Boiling cooks food in hot water. Frying (deep or shallow) cooks food in hot butter, fat or oil. Baking and roasting cook food by surrounding it with hot air. Grilling means cooking food on a metal grill that has heat under it.

People often cook meat by boiling, roasting, frying, or grilling it. Some foods such as bread or pastries are usually baked.

Usually food is cooked in some kind of pot or pan. Sometimes people cook food by putting it directly into the fire, or by wrapping the food in leaves before they put it into the fire.

Cooks
-----

A chef at work
A person whose job it is to cook food may be called a *cook* or a *chef*. The word *cooker* means a machine or tool that a cook might use to cook food. Rice cookers and pressure cookers are examples.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Cooking***.

The English Wikibooks has more information on:
***Cookbook***
**Tamsui-Xinyi Line** is a line of the Taipei Metro in Taipei and New Taipei, Taiwan. This line is also called the Red Line. The line connects Xiangshan to Tamsui. You can transfer to the Wenhu Line at Daan, to the Bannan Line at Taipei Main Station, to the Songshan-Xindian Line at Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall or Zhongshan, or you can transfer to the Zhonghe-Xinlu Line at Dongmen or Minquan West Road. When Phase 1 of the Wanda-Zhonghe-Shulin Line (Light Green Line) is completed in 2025, passengers will be able to transfer to the Wanda-Zhonghe-Shulin Line at Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall metro station. When Phase 2 of the CIrcular Line has been completed, transfers to the Circular Line can be made at Shilin station.

A train at Jiantan metro station
The line currently consists of 28 stations with station codes from R02 to R28. Station R01 is still under construction, and R22A (Xinbeitou) is located on the branch line from R22 (Beitou.)

Stations
--------

* *Guangci/Fengtian Temple R01 (opening 2022)*
* Xiangshan R02
* Taipei 101/World Trade Center R03
* Xinyi Anhe R04
* Daan R05 (transfer to Wenhu line)
* Daan Park R06
* Dongmen R07 (transfer to Zhonghe-Xinlu line)
* Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall R08 (transfer to Songshan-Xindian line and future transfer to Wanda-Zhonghe-Shulin line)
* NTU Hospital R09
* Taipei Main Station R10 (transfer to Bannan line)
* Zhongshan R11 (transfer to Songshan-Xindian line)
* Shuanglian R12
* Minquan West Road R13 (transfer to Zhonghe-Xinlu line)
* Yuanshan R14
* Jiantan R15
* Shilin R16 (future transfer to Circular line)
* Zhishan R17
* Mingde R18
* Shipai R19
* Qilian R20
* Qiyan R21
* Beitou R22 (transfer for Xinbeitou)
* Fuxinggang R23
* Zhongyi R24
* Guandu R25
* Zhuwei R26
* Hongshulin R27
* Tamsui R28

### Xinbeitou branch line

* Beitou R22 (transfer to Tamsui-Xinyi line)
* Xinbeitou R22A (terminal station)