recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Baldwin II *Le Chauve* Count of Flanders
**Baldwin II** (c. 865–918), Called Baldwin "the Bald" (French: *le Chauve*), was a French nobleman and the second count of Flanders. He ruled from 879 until his death.

Career
------

Born c. 865 he was the son of Baldwin I, Count of Flanders and Judith, a daughter of Charles the Bald. Through his mother he was a descendant of Charlemagne. Baldwin wanted to keep a good trading relationship with England. So in 884 Baldwin married Ælfthryth, a daughter of King Alfred the Great of England. This high-profile marriage raised the status of Baldwin II. His children had the distinction of belonging to two of the most important royal houses in western Europe. This and later marked the House of Flanders as one of the great princely houses of Europe.

When he first started ruling Flanders there were a number of very damaging Viking raids. They plundered everywhere except the area north of the Somme river. By 883 Baldwin was forced northward to the flat marshes of Flanders which became the territory most closely associated with the counts of Flanders from then on. Baldwin had built a series of wooden fortifications at Saint-Omer, Bruges, Ghent, and Courtrai. He also seized those lands and fortresses abandoned by royal and church officials. Baldwin had many of these same citadels used by his government, militia and local courts.

In 888 the west Frankish king Charles the Fat was deposed. There were several candidates to be king in his place. Because he was a grandson of Charles the Bald, Holy Roman Emperor and King of West Francia, Baldwin was eligible to be king. But he did not compete for the crown of western Francia. Instead Baldwin joined others in trying to convince the East Frankish king Arnulf to also take the west Frankish crown. But Arnulf was not interested. Odo, Count of Paris, was elected king But Odo did not want Baldwin to gaining control of the abbey of St. Bertin. This was a rich prize and caused Baldwin to not support Odo. The new king attacked Baldwin at Bruges but could not defeat him. Baldwin continued moving his borders to the south and gained control of Artois. He also got control of the important abbey of St. Vaast. When control of the abbey was given to Archbishop Fulk of Reims in 900, Baldwin had him killed. When his attempts to expand further into the upper Somme River valley were opposed by Herbert I, Count of Vermandois Baldwin also had him killed.

Baldwin II died 10 September 918 at Blandinberg (near Ghent) and was succeeded by his eldest son Arnulf I of Flanders. His younger son Adalulf was (the first) count of Boulogne.

Family
------

He married Elftryth, a daughter of Alfred the Great, King of England. They had the following children:

* Arnulf I (c. 890–964), succeeded his father as count of Flanders.
* Adalulf (c. 890–933), Count of Boulogne.
* Ealswid.
* Ermentrud.
**Antwaan Randle El** (born August 17, 1979) is an American football wide receiver, who is currently a free agent. He went to Indiana University, after turning down a Major League Baseball draft selection by the Chicago Cubs in 1997. At Indiana, he mainly played college football for the Indiana Hoosiers, as well as basketball and baseball.

College career
--------------

Randle El played college football for Indiana.

Professional career
-------------------

In the National Football League, Randle El was mostly known for his two stints with the Pittsburgh Steelers. He also played for the Washington Redskins. In a Super Bowl XL win with the Steelers, Randle El threw a touchdown pass to fellow wide receiver Hines Ward. Ward left Pittsburgh that next year to play with the Redskins, where he was mostly used as a returner. Randle El played for the Steelers again in 2009. He is now a free agent.

Personal
--------

Randle El's younger brother, Marcus, was a wide receiver and kick returner for the University of Wisconsin, while his older brother Curtis was a defensive back at Indiana University. Antwaan is married to Jaune. The couple has four children: Eden, Aunnna, Arynn and Alexa. Randle El has a child, Ciara, with college girlfriend Tashia. Randle El also co-hosted *Redskins Gameday* on WTTG in 2007. Randle El has sometimes been a commentator, and is a Christian.

Other websites
--------------

* Washington Redskins bio Archived 2010-02-16 at the Wayback Machine
* ESPN Profile
***Antz Racing*** is a racing video game developed by RFX Interactive and published by Acclaim Entertainment in United States & Electronic Arts in Europe it was released in 2001 for Game Boy Color based on the computer animated film *Antz* produced by DreamWorks.

Gameplay
--------

This game represents the racing challenge between 6 main characters (Z, Bala, Weaver, Mandible, Cutter, and Azteca). Each character has own racing machine as well as parameters for Resistance, Holding, and Speed. There are two game modes: Quick Race and 4 Seasons Championship. During Quick Race player choose the season and the track based on random selection. During 4 Seasons Championship player should win each race to earn a password and progress further. The gameplay represents a race between four drivers in top third-person view on several laps. Player should control selected driver, collect different power-ups, speed up, avoid obstacles, jump in machine, shoot, etc. to win a race. When damage level of the machine reaches its critical point, the machine will stop for some time to be repaired. The game has three difficulty levels and is available in English, German, Dutch, Spanish, French, and Italian languages.

Sequel
------

A sequel called by *Antz Extreme Racing* were released for the Microsoft Windows, Xbox, PlayStation 2 and Game Boy Advance

Description
-----------

It's up to you to find all the pieces to the map that will lead you to "iINSECTOPiA"!

Featuring your favorite characters from the hit movie Antz - Z, Bala, Weaver, Colonel Cutter, Azteca and General Mandible.

Zoom around in zany vehicles like the sardine can, nutshell and more!

Race through 5 different locations based on Antz environments.

Other websites
--------------

* 
*
*The phenomena that can be seen in the atmosphere is at Aurora*
Aurora, by Guercino, 1621-23 (ceiling fresco in the Casino Ludovisi, Rome), a classic example of Baroque illusionistic painting
**Aurora** was the ancient Roman equivalent of Eos. Eos was the ancient Greek goddess of the dawn. *Aurora* is the Latin word for dawn.

Aurora renews herself every morning at dawn and flies across the sky. She announces the morning's arrival. She has a brother and a sister. Her brother is the sun, and her sister is the moon. She also has many husbands and four sons, one for each cardinal direction: North, East, South, and West.

Aurora is comparable to Eos in Greek mythology and to Ushas in Hindu mythology.

One of her lovers was Tithonus. Aurora asked Zeus to grant immortality to Tithonus. However, she failed to ask him for eternal youth. As a result, Tithonus ended up aging eternally. 

18th Century painting by Francesco de Mura Aurora, goddess of the morning and Tithonus, Prince of Troy - Aurora e Titone
In Shakespeare's *Romeo and Juliet* (i.i) Montague says of his lovesick son Romeo

*But all so soon as the all-cheering sun*
*Should in the farthest east begin to draw*
*The shady curtains from Aurora's bed,*
*Away from the light steals home my heavy son...*
In the poem "Tithonus" by Lord Alfred Tennyson, Aurora is described as folllows:

*Once more the old mysterious glimmer steals*
*From thy pure brows, and from thy shoulders pure,*
*And bosom beating with a heart renewed.*
*Thy cheek begins to redden through the gloom,*
*Thy sweet eyes brighten slowly close to mine,*
*Ere yet they blind the stars, and the wild team*
*Which love thee, yearning for thy yoke, arise,*
*And shake the darkness from their loosened manes,*
*And beat the twilight into flakes of fire.*
The asteroid 94 Aurora was named after her.

Other websites
--------------

* Aurora in *Encyclopædia Mythica* Archived 2010-06-16 at the Wayback Machine
**Association Trio** (Georgian: ასოცირებული ტრიო, *asotsirebuli trio*; Romanian: *Trio Asociat*; Ukrainian: Асоційоване Тріо, romanized: *Asotsiiovane Trio*) is a tripartite format for enhanced cooperation, coordination and dialogue between the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine, the three EU Associate Partners, and the European Union on issues of common interest related to the European integration of states, including cooperation in the framework of Eastern Partnership for the sake of joining the European Union.

The participants of the format express a clear position of the aspiration of the three European states of the "Associated Trio" for membership in the European Union and reaffirm their commitment to further progress in implementing the Association Agreements with the EU, which, however, is not the ultimate goal of their relations with the EU. In this context, they recall that under Article 49 TEU, European countries, Georgia, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine have a European perspective and can apply for membership of the European Union, provided that all the necessary criteria for EU membership are met.

Coordinating their actions, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine seek to expand the possibilities of association agreements, promote sectoral convergence with the EU (integration into the Digital Single Market, energy and customs union, ENTSO-E, and, of course, with the Schengen Area; transport cooperation, green course, justice and home affairs, strategic communications, health, security and defense) and gradual integration into the European Single Market.

Related pages
-------------

* Lublin Triangle

Other websites
--------------

* Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of the Republic of Moldova and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine
Alessandro Scarlatti.
**Alessandro Scarlatti** (born Palermo, 2 May 1660; died 24 October 1725) was an Italian composer. He lived in the Baroque period. He is especially famous for his operas and chamber cantatas. He is thought of as the founder of the Neapolitan school of opera. He was the father of the famous composer Domenico Scarlatti.

Life
----

Scarlatti was born in Palermo. At that time it was part of the Kingdom of Sicily. We know nothing about his musical education. When his opera *Gli Equivoci nell sembiante* was produced in Rome in 1679 the Queen of Sweden, who was living in Rome at the time, was very impressed and gave him the job of being her Maestro di cappella. In February 1684 he became Maestro di Cappella to the viceroy of Naples. He wrote many operas for him, as well as some music for important state occasions.

In 1702 Scarlatti left Naples and went to Florence where he composed operas for Ferdinando de' Medici and for Cardinal Ottoboni, who made him his *maestro di cappella*. In 1703 he also got a similar job in Rome at the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore.

After visiting Venice and Urbino in 1707, Scarlatti went back to Naples in 1708, and stayed there until 1717. However, the audiences in Naples no longer seemed interested in his music. They liked their serious operas to include comic music. Some of his best operas were written for Rome where they were produced at the Teatro Capranica. He also wrote some church music and music for royal weddings. He died in Naples.

Scarlatti's music
-----------------

Scarlatti's music forms an important link between the early Baroque Italian vocal styles of the 17th century and the classical period of the 18th century, which led to the music of Haydn and Mozart.

Perhaps his greatest work is *Mitridate Eupatore*. Many of his later operas are full of music which allows the singers to show off. In his opera *Teodora* (1697) he was the first composer to use the orchestral *ritornello* (a tune which keeps coming back after sections of solo singing).

Some of his later operas written for Rome make the orchestra sound much more modern. He uses horns in the orchestra. This was a new idea.

As well as operas, Scarlatti composed at least five hundred chamber-cantatas. These are works for solo voice accompanied by the orchestra. Hardly any of them were published, but they contain a lot of good music.

He also wrote masses including the *St Cecilia Mass* (1721).
Young Alessandro Moreschi (c. 1880).
**Alessandro Moreschi** (11 November 1858 – 21 April 1922) was a castrato singer of the late 19th century and the only castrato to make solo recordings.

Recordings
----------

Alessandro Moreschi (in about 1905).
All of Moreschi's recordings were made in Rome in two recording sessions for the Gramophone & Typewriter Company. The first series of recordings were made on 3 and 5 April 1902 by Will and Fred Gaisberg. Eighteen usable sides by the members of the Sistine Chapel Choir were made on wax. Four of them were solos by Moreschi. 

Many years later Fred Gaisburg remembered making these historic first recordings in the Vatican: "Selecting a great salon with walls covered with Titians, Raphaels, and Tintorettos, we mounted our grimy machine right in the middle of the floor."

The second set of recordings was made in Rome in April 1904.

Sistine choir
-------------

Alessandro was a member of the Sistine choir until Easter 1913. He then retired and got a pension after thirty years' service.

Retirement and death
--------------------

In retirement, Moreschi lived in his apartment, a few minutes' walk from the Vatican. He died there at sixty-three, possibly of pneumonia. His funeral mass was a large and public affair in the church of San Lorenzo in Damaso.

Other websites
--------------

* 1904 Recording of Bach/Gounod: *Ave Maria*
**Asgard** (Old Norse: *Ásgarðr* - "Enclosure of the Æsir; Court of the Ás") is one of the Nine Realms in Norse mythology, home to the tribe of deities known as the Æsir. Asgard lies at the top of Yggdrasill’s highest branches, and the only thing connecting Asgard to Midgard is the mystical rainbow bridge Bifröst. 

At the center of Asgard lies the bountiful field of Iðavöllr; there the Æsir meet to feast, make revelry, and discuss important issues. The male gods meet in a hall called Glaðsheimr, the goddesses in the hall Vingólf. \*According to the poem *Grímnismál* (as found in the Poetic Edda), Glaðsheimr is the field in which Valhalla was located.

Popular Culture
---------------

In the science fiction series Stargate SG-1 and its spinoff series, *Stargate Atlantis*, "Asgard" is the name of a highly advanced, fictional race of beings who are extraterrestrial in origin. 

Asgard appears frequently in Marvel Comics. Similar to the original mythological location, it is one of the Nine Realms, home to a race of beings known as the Asgardians, whom the Germanic peoples (in particular Norsemen) once worshipped as gods. It is often seen and referenced in both film, and television shows.

Spellings
---------

* Other spellings: Ásgard, Ásegard, Ásgardr, Asgardr, Ásgarthr, Ásgarth, Asgarth, Ásgardhr
* Common Swedish and Danish form: Asgård
* Norwegian: Åsgard (also Åsgård, Asgaard)
* Icelandic, Faroese: Ásgarður

| * v
* t
* e
Norse mythology |
| --- |
| DeitiesHeroesFigures | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Æsir | 
* Baldur
* Bragi
* Dellingr
* Forseti
* Heimdall
* Hermóðr
* Höðr
* Hœnir
* Kvasir
* Loki
* Meili
* Móði and Magni
* Odin
* Óðr
* Thor
* Týr
* Ull
* Váli
* Víðarr
* Vili and Vé

 |
| Ásynjur | 
* Bil
* Eir
* Frigg
* Fulla
* Gerðr
* Gefjun
* Hlín
* Iðunn
* Jörð
* Lofn
* Nanna
* Rán
* Rindr
* Sif
* Sigyn
* Sjöfn
* Skadi
* Snotra
* Sól
* Syn
* Thrud
* Vár
* Vör

 |
| Vanir | 
* Freyja
* Freyr
* Njord

 |
| Others | 
* Ask and Embla
* Borr
* Búri
* Dwarfs
* Einherjar
* Elves
* Fenrir
* Hel
* Jörmungandr
* Jötnar
* Mímir
* Norns
* Valkyrie

 |

 |
| Locations | 
* Álfheimr
* Asgard
* Bifröst
* Hel (realm)
* Jotunheim
* Midgard
* Múspellsheimr
* Niðavellir
* Niflheim
* Valhalla
* Vanaheimr
* Wells
	+ Urðarbrunnr
* Yggdrasil

 |
| Events | 
* Æsir–Vanir War
* Ragnarök

 |
| Sources | 
* *Gesta Danorum*
* *Poetic Edda*
* *Prose Edda*
* Runestones
* Sagas
* Old Norse language

 |
| See also | 
* Norse gods
* Germanic paganism

 |
***Au cœur du stade*** (English: *At the Heart of the Stadium*) is a live album by Canadian singer Céline Dion. It was released on August 27, 1999.

Track listing
-------------

1. "Let's Talk About Love" (Bryan Adams, Jean-Jacques Goldman, Elliott Kennedy) – 7:39  

2. "Dans un autre monde" (Goldman) – 4:26  

3. "Je sais pas" (Goldman, J. Kapler) – 5:47  

4. "Je crois toi" (Goldman) – 4:36  

5. "Terre" (Erick Benzi) – 4:26  

6. "J'irai où tu iras" (with Jean-Jacques Goldman) (Goldman) – 4:06  

7. "S'il suffisait d'aimer" (Goldman) – 5:10  

8. "On ne change pas" (Goldman) – 6:03  

9. Medley acoustique:

"Ce n'était qu'un rêve" (Thérèse Dion, Céline Dion, Jacques Dion) – 1:18
"D'amour ou d'amitié" (Eddy Marnay, Jean Pierre Lang, Roland Vincent) – 2:01
"Mon ami m'a quittée" (Marnay, Christian Loigerot, Thierry Geoffroy) – 1:58
"L'amour existe encore" (Luc Plamondon, Richard Cocciante) – 2:05
"Un garçon pas comme les autres (Ziggy)" (Plamondon, Michel Berger) – 3:21
10."Pour que tu m'aimes encore" (Goldman) – 5:20  

11."My Heart Will Go On" (James Horner, Will Jennings) – 5:23

Release history
---------------

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Europe | August 27, 1999 | Sony Music, Columbia | CD | 4952402 |
| Canada | September 14, 1999 | 80438 |
| Japan | October 25, 2000 | Sony Music Japan, Epic | ESCA 8239 |
Thioglycolate broth is a medium used mainly to find out the oxygen requirements of microorganisms.   
1: Obligate aerobes need oxygen. They gather at the top of the tube where its concentration is highest.   
 2: Obligate anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen, so they gather at the bottom of the tube where the oxygen concentration is lowest.   
 3: Facultative anaerobes can grow anywhere in tube, but they gather mostly at the top because they have more energy with oxygen.   
 4: Microaerophiles need oxygen: they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. However, they are poisoned by high concentrations of oxygen. They gather in the upper part of the test tube but not the very top.   
 5: Aerotolerant organisms do not need oxygen as they metabolise energy anaerobically. But, unlike obligate anaerobes, they are not poisoned by oxygen. They are found evenly spread throughout the test tube
An **anaerobic organism** is any living thing that does not need oxygen for growth. 

* **Obligate anaerobes** will die when exposed to atmospheric levels of oxygen.
* **Facultative anaerobes** can use oxygen when it is present.
* **Aerotolerant** organisms can survive in the presence of oxygen, but they are anaerobic because they do not use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor.

Microaerophiles are organisms that may use oxygen, but only at low concentrations (low micromolar range); their growth is inhibited by normal oxygen concentrations (approximately 200 micromolar). Nanaerobes are organisms that cannot grow in the presence of micromolar concentrations of oxygen, but can grow with and benefit from nanomolar concentrations of oxygen.

Obligate anaerobes may use fermentation or anaerobic respiration. In the presence of oxygen, facultative anaerobes use aerobic respiration; without oxygen some of them ferment, some use anaerobic respiration. Aerotolerant organisms are strictly fermentative. Microaerophiles carry out aerobic respiration, and some of them can also do anaerobic respiration.

Some anaerobic bacteria produce toxins (e.g. tetanus or botulinum toxins) that are highly dangerous to higher organisms, including humans.

Related pages
-------------

* Cellular respiration
* Anaerobic digestion
* Biogas
A **bassist** is a musician whose musical instrument is a bass guitar or a double bass. In rock, pop, country, metal, jazz fusion, and funk music, most bassists play a bass guitar. In some types of jazz, and in rockabilly, bluegrass, and in symphony orchestras, bassists play a double bass.

Training
--------

Many professional rock, pop, country, metal, and funk, rockabilly, and bluegrass, bassists learn to play by performing in groups for many years and by taking private lessons with bass teachers. 

Bassists who play in symphony orchestras, or who play jazz or jazz fusion often learn to play the bass in a conservatory, music school, college, or university. College or university degrees in double bass include the Bachelor of Music degree (which takes four years) and the Master of Music degree (which takes two years).

There are fewer Bass players than traditional guitar players. Some believe the bass is harder to play, although it has fewer strings

Income
------

Bassists, like other musicians, have a much lower average income than many other job categories, such as accountants or administrators. Although a tiny number of famous bassists make a large amount of money, and a small number of bassists have full-time jobs in bands or orchestras, most bassists have low incomes. Many bassists do not earn enough from playing, so they do other music-related jobs, such as teaching bass.
Andrew Wiles
**Sir Andrew John Wiles**, KBE, FRS (born Cambridge, 11 April 1953) is an Abel Prize-winning British mathematician and a Royal Society Research Professor at Oxford University. He specializes in number theory. He is most famous for proving Fermat's Last Theorem. He is a foreign member of the United States National Academy of Sciences since 1996.

The proof of Fermat's Last Theorem
----------------------------------

In the summer of 1986, Wiles decided to prove the theorem. Gerhard Frey, Jean-Pierre Serre and Ken Ribet had done successful research in the last few years. Wiles realised that he could prove a limited form of the modularity theorem. So, he decided to solve this problem. This was done somewhat secretly. In 1993, he presented his proof to the public for the first time at a conference in Cambridge. In August 1993, however, it turned out that the proof contained a gap. Wiles tried to fill in this gap. But the error he made was a very basic one. Wiles got the crucial idea for avoiding, rather than closing this gap. This came to him on 19 September 1994. Together with his former student Richard Taylor, he published a second paper. This avoided the error and thus completed the proof. Both papers were published in 1995 in a special volume of the *Annals of Mathematics*.

Recognition by the media
------------------------

Wiles' proof of Fermat's Last Theorem was scrutinized by mathematical experts. Wiles was interviewed for an episode of the BBC documentary series *Horizon* that focused on Fermat's Last Theorem. This was renamed "The Proof". It was made an episode of the Public Broadcasting Service's science television series *Nova*.
Map of Andaman SeaMap of Andaman Sea
The **Andaman Sea** or **Burma Sea** is a body of water to the southeast of the Bay of Bengal. It is south of Burma, west of Thailand and east of the Andaman Islands, India. It is part of the Indian Ocean.

The sea has been used for fishery and transportation of goods between the coastal countries. Its coral reefs and islands are popular for tourism. Many building were badly damaged by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.

The average depth of the sea is about 1,000 meters (3,300 ft). The northern and eastern parts are shallower than 180 meters (600 ft) due to the silt deposited by the Irrawaddy River. This major river flows into the sea from the north through Burma. The western and central areas are 900–3,000 meters deep (3,000–10,000 ft). Less than 5% of the sea is deeper than 3,000 meters (10,000 ft). In a system of submarine valleys east of the Andaman-Nicobar Ridge, the depth is more than 4,000 meters (13,200 ft). The sea floor is covered with pebbles, gravel and sand.

Flora
-----

The coastal areas of the Andaman Sea have mangrove forests and seagrass meadows. The mangrove roots trap soil and sediment. They provide shelter and are a nursery for fish and small aquatic organisms. Their body protects the shore from the wind and waves. Their detritus are a part of the aquatic food chain.

Other important sources of nutrients in the Andaman Sea are seagrass and the mud bottoms of lagoons and coastal areas. Many aquatic species move from and to seagrass either daily or at certain stages of their life cycle.

Fauna
-----

Phantom bannerfish (*Heniochus pleurotaenia*), Similan Islands, Thailand
Dugong
The sea waters along the Malay Peninsula favor molluscan growth. There are about 280 edible fish species belonging to 75 families. Of those, 232 species (69 families) are found in mangroves and 149 species (51 families) live in seagrass. 101 species are common to both places. The sea also has many vulnerable fauna species, including dugong, several dolphin species, such as Irrawaddy Dolphin and four species of sea turtles: critically endangered leatherback turtle and hawksbill turtle and threatened green turtle and Olive Ridley turtle. There are only about 150 dugongs in the Andaman Sea, scattered between Ranong and Satun provinces.

Volcanic activity
-----------------

Eruption of the Barren Island volcano in 1995. Andaman islands (on top) are ca. 90 km away.
To the east of the main Great Andaman island group, is Barren Island. Barren Island is the only presently active volcano associated with the Indian subcontinent. This island-volcano is 3 km (2 mi) in diameter and rises 354 meters above the seal level. Its recent activity started again in 1991 after a quiet period of almost 200 years. The last eruption has started on 13 May 2008 and still continues. The volcanic island of Narcondam which is further to the north. No records exist of its activity.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Andaman Sea at Wikimedia Commons

Coordinates: 10°N 96°E﻿ / ﻿10°N 96°E﻿ / 10; 96
Whitworth at Bengals training camp in 2012**Andrew James Whitworth** (born December 12, 1981) is a former American football player. He played in the position of tackle. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for 16 seasons. He played college football at LSU, where he twice received first-team All-SEC honors. 

Cincinnati Bengals selected him in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft. During his 11 seasons with the Bengals, Whitworth was named to three Pro Bowls and one first-team All-Pro. Whitworth spent his last five seasons with the Los Angeles Rams, where he extended his Pro Bowl selections to four and his first-team All-Pro honors to two. 

Noted for the longevity of his career, he retired as the oldest tackle in NFL history. He was the oldest offensive lineman to win a Super Bowl.

Early years
-----------

Whitworth is a native of Monroe, Louisiana. Whitworth attended West Monroe High School in West Monroe, Louisiana, where he played high school football for the Rebels under coach Don Shows. He has graduated in 2001. 

He was also part of four straight district championship teams in one of the toughest districts in the state. CNNSI.com rated him as the sixth-best offensive line prospect in the nation. He was a tennis champion in Louisiana. He was also an excellent golfer.

NFL Records
-----------

* Oldest offensive lineman to play in a Super Bowl.
* Oldest offensive lineman to win a Super Bowl.
* Oldest tackle to play in a game.

Personal life
-------------

Whitworth married Melissa. They have four children: twins Sarah and Drew, Michael, and Katherine. Melissa was the 2003 Miss Louisiana, She was also an award-winning Louisiana reporter and she won Cincinnati's version of Dancing With the Stars.

Whitworth is active in the community through his BigWhit 77 Foundation. He hosts a fund-raising golf tournament in Louisiana. He serves there as a motivational speaker to youth groups in both Greater Cincinnati and in Louisiana.

In March 2020, Whitworth donated $250,000 to the Los Angeles Regional Food Bank during the 2019–20 COVID-19 pandemic.

Other websites
--------------

* Los Angeles Rams bio
* Cincinnati Bengals bio
* LSU Tigers bio
Anthocyanins have this basic chemical structure
Anthocyanins give these pansies their dark purple pigment
**Anthocyanin** is a chemical compound which makes the red colour in plants. For example, red cabbage has anthocyanins which make it red.

Function
--------

 Showing maldavin (an anthocyanin) absorbs in a different range to chlorophyll
In flowers, bright-reds and purples attract pollinators. In fruits, the colourful skins also attract the attention of animals, which may eat the fruits and disperse the seeds.

In photosynthetic tissues (such as leaves and sometimes stems), anthocyanins have been shown to act as a "sunscreen". They protect cells from high-light damage by absorbing blue-green and ultraviolet light. Ionizing radiation can damage DNA.

There are some other suggestions. The red colour of leaves may camouflage leaves from herbivores blind to red wavelengths. The pigment may signal bad taste, since anthocyanin synthesis often comes with unpalatable phenolic compounds.

Making these pigments is done by a series of enzymes that are stuck on cell membranes.
**Anarbor** is an American rock band from Phoenix, Arizona that was formed in 2003.

History
-------

The band started playing together in Garrity's garage in the Phoenix community of Ahwatukee in early 2003.

Influences
----------

Anabor stated artists like Third Eye Blind, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Smash Mouth, Billy Idol, Blackfire, Green Day, U2, Nickelback, Ziggy Marley, Sublime, Elvis Costello, Good Charlotte, Simple Plan, The Clash, Lenny Kravitz, Fishbone, Faith No More, Poison, Bon Jovi, Creed, Dashboard Confessional, Weezer, Live, Fall Out Boy, My Chemical Romance, Pearl Jam, The Police, American Hi-Fi, The All-American Rejects, All Time Low, Jimmy Eat World, Sum 41 and Blink-182 as influences.

Band members
------------

* Slade Echeverria - lead vocals (2003-present)
* Adam Jurwig - rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2003-present)
* Mike Kitlas - lead guitar, backing vocals (2003-present)
* Jess Myers - bass guitar, backing vocals (2003-present)
* Greg Garrity - drums, percussion, backing vocals (2003-present)

Discography
-----------

See the main article: Anarbor discography

Tours
-----

Other websites
--------------

* Anarbor on Facebook

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* ISNI

 |
| Artists | 
* MusicBrainz artist

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**Atheris** is a genus of venomous vipers found only in rain forest areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. There are currently eight species found. Atheris are commonly known as "*Bush Vipers*". They are all arboreal (meaning they live in trees), but they can sometimes be seen on the ground.

Description
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Bush Vipers are small snakes, with adults growing to the size of around 40 to 78 cm. They all have broad, triangular heads with large eyes and a slender body.

Where they live
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The Bush Viper lives in rain forest areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, far from humans, but some Bush Vipers are threatened because of habitat loss. 

 The head of a Variable Bush Viper

Feeding
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Bush Vipers eat small amphibians like frogs, and toads, reptiles like lizards and other snakes, rodents and birds. They ambush their prey by hanging on to a branch of a tree, waiting for a prey to come close, then jump on the prey and inject venom, and then swallow it. Some Bush Vipers in zoos only eat mice and small birds, but there have been reports on some eating each other.

Reproduction
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All Bush Vipers are viviparous, meaning they give live birth. They mate between September and November, and females give to their young in March or April.

Venom
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The venom of Bush Vipers is hemotoxic, it causes pain, swelling, and stop blood clotting. There is no antivenom, but there has been reports on Echis antivenom working on some Bush Viper's bites.

Species
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* Atheris anisolepis
* Horned Bush Viper, *A. ceratophora*
* Western Bush Viper, *A. chlorechis*
* Mount Kenya Bush Viper, *A. desaixi*
* Spiny Bush Viper, *A. hispida*
* Upemba Bush Viper, *A. katangensis*
* Mount Mabu Bush Viper, *A. mabuensis*
* Matilda's Bush Viper, *A. matildae*
* Great Lakes Bush Viper, *A. nitschei*
* Variable Bush Viper, *A. squamigera*
Anchorite's cell in Skipton.
 *St. George the Anchorite*; by Niko Pirosmani
An **anchorite** (female: **anchoress**) from "one who has retired from the world", is someone who, for religious reasons, withdraws from secular society so as to be able to lead an intensely prayer-filled, ascetic life. Anchorites are often considered to be a type of religious hermit, unlike hermits, anchorites had to make a promise to God to stay in one place, which was a very small room, either attached to, or within the wall of, a local church. 

The anchoritic life is one of the earliest forms of being a Christian monk. From the 12th to the 16th centuries, female anchorites consistently outnumbered their male equivalents, sometimes by as many as four to one (in the 13th century), dropping eventually to two to one (in the 15th century). The sex of a high number of anchorites, however, is not recorded for these periods.

Notable people
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* Julian of Norwich

Related pages
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* Asceticism
* Nazirite
* Sadhu

Other websites
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* Media related to Anchorites at Wikimedia Commons
* Quotations related to Anchorite at Wikiquote
Stonehenge is one of the most famous prehistoric ancient monuments.
The term **ancient monument** is a term in British law.
It is an early historical structure or monument. For example. it may be an archaeological site worth preserving and study. The sites (monuments) are of archaeological or heritage interest. 

The term differs from the American term "national monument". The U.S. National Monuments are few in number and may include natural formations. British ancient monuments are by definition manmade.

Ancient monuments are defined by the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as

* (a) any scheduled monument (there are now more than 20,000) and
* (b) any other monument which in the opinion of the Secretary of State is of public interest for its historic, architectural, traditional, artistic or archaeological interest.

Related pages
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* English Heritage
* Scheduled monument

Other websites
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* National Heritage List for England: official list of scheduled ancient monuments in England
Barium carbonate
Witherite, the natural form
**Barium carbonate** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is BaCO3. It contains barium and carbonate ions.

Properties
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Barium carbonate is a white solid. It does not dissolve in water. It reacts with acids to make barium salts. It turns into barium oxide and carbon dioxide when heated. It reacts with sulfuric acid to make barium sulfate though.

Occurrence
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Barium carbonate occurs as **witherite**. Witherite is the main source of barium salts. It is more easily turned into other barium compounds than barium sulfate, barite. It is heavily mined in Northumberland. It turns into barium sulfate when water containing sulfates flows through it.

Preparation
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It can be purified from the natural ore, or it can be made by reacting barium sulfide with sodium carbonate. It can also be made by reacting barium sulfide with a mixture of carbon dioxide and water.

Uses
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Barium carbonate is used to poison rats. It is also used in making bricks. It is also used to glaze ceramics. This glaze can make different colors.

Safety
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Barium carbonate can dissolve in stomach acid, so it is toxic. There is a controversy over whether it should be used as a glaze.

Related pages
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* Barium chloride
* Barium bromide
**Barilla Group** is a large Italian food company that makes pasta. They are the world's leading pasta maker. Barilla also provides pasta products to restaurants worldwide. They are the leading seller of bakery products in Italy. By purchasing the Swedish bakery company Wasabröd, they became the leading producer of flatbread in the world.

History
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The company was founded in 1877 in Ponte Taro, Italy by Pietro Barilla. The company is privately held, and is now in the fourth generation of Barilla family ownership. It is controlled by three brothers, Chairman Guido Barilla, and Vice Chairmen Luca Barilla and Paolo Barilla.

Company
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Barilla Group has many production plants all over the world. These are in Italy, Greece, France, Germany, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, the United States and Mexico. The company also operates mills in Italy, Greece, Sweden, Turkey, and the US, while its central office is in Parma, Italy. Barilla Group controls Barilla (multinational pasta maker), Mulino Bianco, Gran Cereale, Pan di Stelle, Pavesi, Voiello, First and Academia Barilla (Italy), Harrys (France), Catelli (Canada), Wasabröd (Sweden), Pasta Evangelists (United Kingdom), MISKO (Greece), Filiz Makarna (Turkey), Yemina and Vesta (Mexico) trademarks. The wheat used to make the final product is purchased from around the world.

Controversy
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In 2013 the owner of Barilla, Guido Barilla, made controversial remarks about being for traditional family values and not gays. In a few hours Twitter had hundreds of messages protesting the company. This made the brand Barilla one of the top topics. Many messages called for a boycott of all the company's products. Guido later apologized by saying, "I apologise if my words generated misunderstandings or arguments, or if they offended the sensibilities of some people. In the interview I simply wished to underline the central role the woman plays within the family."

In November of 2013 the Barilla Group announced they would start a "more active, global leadership position on diversity, inclusion and social responsibility." This included creating a board of experts to advise Barilla on these sensitive issues. Barilla also created of a new position in the company, a Chief Diversity Officer.

Pietro Barilla Senior

Other websites
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* Pasta maker Barilla tries to make amends... *NYDailyNews.com*

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**Barkly** is a very small town in Victoria, Australia, about 180 kilometres northwest of Melbourne. It is located near the junction of the roads from Landsborough to Redbank, and from Frenchmans to St Arnaud. It is close to the western side of the St Arnaud Range National Park.

The area was first called the Navarre Diggings after gold was found in June 1859 by a group led by James Law (1827-1910). It was about six miles from the Navarre township. This caused a gold rush and there were soon about 700 people on the diggings. At the peak of the rush, there were over 6000 people in the area digging for gold.

James Law, who had come to Australia from Scotland, was given a reward of 150 pounds for being the first person to find gold. Other members of his group, John Fewster, W.R. Marshall and George Mill also were rewarded.

The name was changed to Barkly on 1 November 1861, after the Governor of Victoria, Sir Henry Barkly. The name was changed by the local gold warden, Mr. Warden Alley, a government official in charge of the diggings. A school was started, the Barkly Common School.

A cemetery, now called the Pioneer Cemetery, was begun close to the original diggings. The town of Barkly developed about two miles from this area, and a new cemetery was opened.

Barkly has a small Anglican church, a hall, and a few houses. The school has been closed and the buildings removed. There is a rose and lavender farm which is open to the public during the year. A headstone was placed on James Law's grave on 5 May, 1985. In 1996 a memorial stone was placed at the site of the first gold discovery.

* Old gold diggings at BarklyOld gold diggings at Barkly
* James Law's grave in the Barkly CemeteryJames Law's grave in the Barkly Cemetery
* Old cottage at BarklyOld cottage at Barkly

Other websites
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* Culture Victoria website with photo of the Barkly goldfield
* Barkly Lavender and Rose Farm Archived 2011-08-31 at the Wayback Machine
**Bariatrics** is the part of medicine that deals with obesity. Bariatrics includes using dieting, exercise, changing people's habits, drugs, and surgery to help people lose weight.

More and more people are becoming overweight or obese. People with a high body mass index (BMI) are much more likely to have certain health problems. These include heart disease, diabetes, many types of cancer, asthma, sleep apnea, and problems with muscles and bones. Obese people are also more likely to die.

Diet, exercise, changing people's habits, and drugs are tried first to help people lose weight. People who have weight loss surgery usually lose more weight than those who try the other ways. The surgery also helps reduce diseases like high blood pressure and diabetes. With each patient, doctors might use some or all of the methods, depending on what they think would work best for that patient.

Other websites
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* VIDEO: How Bariatrics Has Changed Our Understanding of Type II Diabetes Dr. Daniel McKenna speaks at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 2008.
* MedLinePlus Portal on Weight Loss Surgery
Franciosa in 1969
**Anthony Franciosa** (**Anthony George Papaleo** October 25, 1928 – January 19, 2006) was an American movie, TV, and stage actor, usually known as **Tony Franciosa** during his career. 

He made some movies such as; *Career* (1959) for which he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor/Drama. In television he is known for his lead roles in five well-known TV shows as; the sitcom *Valentine's Day* (1964–65), the drama series *The Name of the Game* (1968–71), *Search* (1972–73), *Matt Helm* (1975) and *Finder of Lost Loves* (1984). Franciosa received a Tony Award nomination for his role in the play *A Hatful of Rain*.

Franciosa was born in New York City, New York on October 25, 1928.

Franciosa was married to Beatrice Bakalyar from 1952 until it ended in divorce in 1957. Secondly he married Shelley Winters from 1957 until they divorced in 1960. Thirdly he married Judy Balaban from 1961 until they divorced in 1967. Lastly he married Rita Thiel from 1970 until his death in 2006.

Franciosa suffered a stroke on the day his ex-wife Shelley Winters died on January 14, 2006. Franciosa died five days after Winters' death on January 19, 2006 from a stroke at the UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, he was 77 years old. He is survived by his wife Rita, his three children, and his two grandchildren. His remains were later cremated.

Other websites
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* Anthony Franciosa on IMDb
* Anthony Franciosa at the Internet Broadway Database
**Barrington Tops National Park** is a 745 km² large national park in the Australian state of New South Wales, about 270 km north of Sydney .

Barrington Tops is a plateau that stretches between two peaks of the *Mount Royal Ranges*, part of the Great Dividing Range. It also forms the watershed between the Hunter and Manning Rivers. Barrington Tops sits on top of a volcano and reaches an altitude of 1586 m.

At 3 December 1969 the region between *Mount Barrington*, *Mount Royal* and the *Gloucester Tops was* declared a national park. Since 1982 the park has been listed as part of the Gondwana rainforests of Australia as a UNESCO World Heritage Site; as such, it is the southernmost of the affiliated national parks.

History
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The Barrington Tops area was home to various Aboriginal countries, namely the *Worimi* and *Biripi* in the east and the *Wonnarua* in the west.

From around 1820, European settlers began to settle in the region, using the areas to cut logs and as grazing land for cattle. Gold was also searched here.

In the early 20th In the 19th century, tourism became popular through horse riding, hunting and fishing. *The Barrington Club*, founded in 1948, campaigned for nature conservation. In 1959 the first areas were placed under protection.

Ecosystems
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 View from *Captain Thunderbolt's lookout* over Barrington Tops
The park includes ecosystems of tropical rainforest in the protected valleys and gorges at heights between 400 and 600 m. At altitudes of 700 to 1400 m there is cool temperate rainforest, where *Nothofagus moorei* predominates. This is followed by an alpine zone with alpine woodland and subalpine peat bogs in the summit regions.

Eucalyptus forests with various species predominate across all heights: Sydney and Messmate eucalyptus dominate the valleys and on the slopes, and the southern beech also dominates the higher areas. On the other hand, the cold-resistant snow eucalyptus predominates on the plateau.

Thanks to the remote, inaccessible location of the park, a diverse fauna including some species that have already been considered extinct has been preserved. A butterfly, three spider species, three worm species and the crustacean *Crenoicus harrisoni* are endemic to the park.

Eastern gray kangaroos, red-necked wallabies, red-necked filanders and bare-nosed wombats also occur. Nocturnal mammals are also present. Echidna and platypus also find their habitat here. The koala is difficult to observe, the Australian mouse *Pseudomys oralis is a critically* endangered species. The Australian wide-toothed rat occurs only in a few places in Australia.

Birds include lyre-tails, cockatoos, flat-tailed parakeets, kookaburras, strangler crows and grouse. The black cockatoo is rarely seen. The most common reptiles encounted here are the black otter, tiger otter, copper-headed snake and brown snake .
**Andrew Christian Wiggins** (born February 23, 1995) is an Canadian professional basketball player. He is a shooting guard-small forward for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). When he was drafted, Wiggins became the second ever Canadian basketball player to be picked #1 overall in the NBA draft.

Wiggins played college basketball at the University of Kansas. During his first year there, Wiggins was able to average 17.1 points per game (ppg), 5.9 rebounds per game (rpg), and made 34.1% of his three-pointers. On January 13, 2014, in a game against Iowa State, Wiggins scored 17 points and gained 19 rebounds in a 77–70 victory. He became only the second freshman in the last 15 years (along with Michael Kidd-Gilchrist) to earn those numbers in a win against a ranked opponent.

On June 26, 2014, Wiggins was picked 1st overall by the Cleveland Cavaliers in the 2014 NBA Draft. On August 23, 2014, there was a three-team trade that was done by the Cavaliers, the Minnesota Timberwolves, and the Philadelphia 76ers. The trade sent Wiggins and Anthony Bennett to the Timberwolves, along with Thaddeus Young, of the Sixers. The Cavaliers received Kevin Love from Minnesota and the Sixers received Luc Richard Mbah a Moute and Alexey Shved from Minnesota as well as a 2015 first round draft pick from Cleveland. Wiggins became only the second player since the ABA–NBA merger to have been drafted as the number one pick, only to be traded later without having played a single game for the team he was originally drafted by; Chris Webber was the first following the 1993 NBA draft.

On June 16, 2022, Wiggins won his first NBA championship when he helped the Warriors defeat the Boston Celtics 4 games to 2. During the series, Wiggins lead the Finals with both the highest amount of rebounds and blocks.

Other websites
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* 

* Career statistics and player information from NBA.com, or Basketball-Reference.com
* Andrew Wiggins on Twitter