recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Girl's Day
**Girl's Day** (Korean: 걸스데이) is a four-member South Korean girl group formed by Dream Tea Entertainment in 2010. The group members are Sojin, Minah, Yura, and Hyeri. Girl's Day started as a five-member girl group with Sojin, Minah, Jisun, Ji-In, and Jihae. After Jisun and Ji-In left, Yura and Hyeri became members. They reason why they left the group is that Jisun is going to study music more and Ji-In wants to act. Jihae wanted to concentrate on studying.

2010
----

As soon as they released their mini-album *Girl's Day Party 1* on July 9, they were caught in controversy because they didn't sing well on their first stage on "Music Bank". Later, they were recognized as a good group. After Jisun and Ji-in left, the new members released their first digital single album, *Girl's Day Party 2*. A song from this album, "Nothing Lasts Up", was popular because they not only showed good singing ability but also danced well.

2011–13
-------

In March 2011, they released the third digital single album, *Girl's Day Party 3*. "Twinkle Twinkle" (Korean: 반짝반짝), which is the title song of this album, made Girl's Day popular. Girl's Day won the first prize of the charts for the first time. Also, the dance of this song which is called "Mam Mam Ma dance" became famous. In September 2011, they released *Girl's Day party 4* for their fans. In October 2012, Jihea announced that she was leaving the group. Then they released *Girl's Day Party 5*. The title song of this album is "Don't forget me", which people liked. 

In March 2013, they released their first regular album *Expectation*. "Expectation", which is the title song of this album, got success. Also, they re-released the album with a song named "Female president". The music video of "Female President" got a favorable reputation. The dance of this song become famous.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Girl's Day***.
Old wooden wheels with spokes
The windlass is a well-known application of the wheel and axle
A **wheel** is a disc or circle-shaped mechanical device. Its main purpose is to allow things to *roll*; in other words, the wheel spins, and object on the wheels moves more easily along the ground. It is a simple machine. The principle behind the wheel is that of mechanical advantage.

Most land vehicles roll on wheels. Wheels are often used in pairs, connected by a rod of wood or metal known as an axle. The wheel and axle turn together. The part of the wheel that attaches to the axle is called the hub. 

The wheel with an axle is the basis of many machines, not just vehicles. The potter's wheel, the lathe and the windlass are examples. Many machines have wheels with teeth, known as gears.

History
-------

Drawing of a drinking-cup, dated to 3500-3350 BC. The object shown on the left has been interpreted as some kind of wagon, below or near a bridge. This would make it the oldest known depiction of a wheel. The cup is known as Bronocice bowl today.
Most experts believe that the ancient Mesopotamians invented the wheel about 4000 BC.

People in Asia also discovered it on their own around 3500 BC. The Inca and Maya had wheels on children's toys around 1500 BC, but they did not use wheels for work. Africa south of the Sahara desert, Europe, and Australia did not have the wheel until people there met people from Europe. Early wheels were solid disks; the spoked wheel was invented around 2000 BC. The earliest documentation of a vehicle with wheels is a painting dated between 3350–3500 BC.

Uses
----

Today, wheels are used in cars, carts, airplanes, wheelchairs, bicycles, trains, and skateboards, in addition to many more devices.
Celebes Sea
The **Celebes Sea** is a sea of the western Pacific Ocean. It is bordered on the north by the Sulu Archipelago and Sulu Sea and Mindanao Island of the Philippines. It is bordered on the east by the Sangihe Islands chain, on the south by Sulawesi, and on the west by Kalimantan in Indonesia. It is 420 miles (675 km) north-south by 520 miles (837 km) east-west. It has a total surface area of 110,000 square miles (280,000 km2). The maximum depth is 20,300 feet (6,200 m). The sea opens southwest through the Makassar Strait into the Java Sea.

Marine life
-----------

Squid of the genus *Enoploteuthis* from the Celebes Sea
The Celebes Sea is home to a wide variety of fish and aquatic creatures. The tropical setting and warm clear waters give it about 580 of the world's 793 species of reef-building corals. There is a large amount of marine life, including whales and dolphins, sea turtles, manta rays, eagle rays, barracuda, marlin and other reef and pelagic species. Tuna and yellowfin tuna are also abundant.

Pirates
-------

The Celebes Sea is known for its pirates. They prey not only on small time fishermen but also giant container ships. Nowadays, these pirates have high-tech weapons and equipment like radar and GPS navigation devices and ride on high-speed motorboats. It is the second most pirated body of water after the Gulf of Aden near Somalia. 

Celebes Sea on its northern border. Coastal area of Maitum, Sarangani

Commercial significance
-----------------------

The Celebes Sea is an important sea route for regional trade. The sea is also popular for scuba diving and luxury ocean cruising.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Celebes Sea at Wikimedia Commons

3°N 122°E﻿ / ﻿3°N 122°E﻿ / 3; 122

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* VIAF

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| National | 
* Germany
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*Taking the bride to the bath house*, Shalom Koboshvili, 1939.
Male Ablution Facility at University of Toronto's Multifaith Centre
**Ritual purification** is the ritual prescribed by a religion by which a person is considered to be free of *uncleanliness*. Many religgions require that those worshipping should be in this state. **Ritual purity** is a state of ritual cleanliness. Ritual purification may also apply to objects and places. Ritual uncleanliness is not identical with ordinary physical impurity, such as dirt stains; nevertheless, body fluids are generally considered ritually unclean.

Most of these rituals existed long before the germ theory of disease, and figure prominently from the earliest known religious systems of the Ancient Near East. Some writers connect the rituals to taboos.

Some have seen benefits of these practices for health and preventing infections especially in areas where humans come in close contact with each other. While these practices came before the idea of the germ theory was public in areas that use daily cleaning, the destruction of infectious agents seems to be dramatic. Others have described a 'dimension of purity' that is universal in religions that seeks to move us away from disgust, (at one extreme) and to uplift us towards purity and divinity (at the other extreme). Away from uncleanliness to purity, and away from deviant to moral behavior, (within one's cultural context).
A museum to Parrott in Kenton
**Jacob Wilson Parrott** (July 17, 1843–December 22, 1908) was the first person to be given the Medal of Honor.

Biography
---------

Parrott was from Fairfield County, Ohio. He joined the 20th OVI for 90 days. When he finished that he returned to his home town of Kenton, Ohio. He joined the United States Army in 1861 as a private in Company K, 33rd Ohio Infantry. He first fought in the Battle of Ivy Mountain. In April 1862, he volunteered to take part in a raid with twenty-one others (later known as "Andrews' Raiders" because they operated under the command of James J. Andrews). After going behind Confederate lines and stealing the locomotive "General," they were captured and imprisoned. Parrott was severely beaten 110 times to try to make him talk. He and fourteen others managed to escape. Only six of them reached friendly lines. He was later exchanged. He met President Abraham Lincoln in Washington, D.C.. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton gave him the Medal of Honor. He served with the Union Army for the rest of the war. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in 1863 after the Battle of Stones River. H was commissioned as a first lieutenant in 1864.

He returned to Kenton, Ohio after the war. He remained a cabinet maker. He ran a stone quarry south of Kenton, Ohio. Parrott suffered a heart attack and died while walking home from the county courthouse in Kenton, Ohio. He is buried in Grove Cemetery, on State Route 309, east edge of Kenton, Ohio.

Medal of Honor citation
-----------------------

**Rank and Organization:**

Private, Company K, 33d Ohio Infantry. Place and date: Georgia, April 1862. Entered service at: Hardin County, Ohio. Birth: July 17, 1843, Fairfield County, Ohio. Date of issue: March 25, 1863.
**Citation:**

> One of the 19 of 22 men (including 2 civilians) who, by direction of Gen. Mitchell (or Buell) penetrated nearly 200 miles south into enemy territory and captured a railroad train at Big Shanty, Ga. in an attempt to destroy the bridges and tracks between Chattanooga and Atlanta.
> 
>
Saint Anselm College, a liberal arts college in New Hampshire.
A **liberal arts college** is a college with an emphasis on undergraduate study in the liberal arts and sciences. These colleges try to teach broad general knowledge, different from colleges that focus on job skills. Students in a liberal arts college often major in one subject but take classes in many subjects, including both humanities and sciences. The idea of liberal arts began in Europe, but liberal arts colleges are mostly found in the United States.

In 2019, the top ten liberal arts colleges in the United States, according to *U.S. News & World Report*, were Amherst College, Bowdoin College, Carleton College, Claremont McKenna College, Davidson College, Middlebury College, Pomona College, Swarthmore College, Wellesley College, and Williams College.

Many liberal arts colleges teach only undergraduate students, but some also offer graduate programs that lead to a master's degree or doctoral degree. The term "liberal arts college" most often describes an independent college, but it may also sometimes describe a college within a larger university. Most liberal arts colleges outside the United States are like this.
A man being bitten.
A **bite** is a wound received from the teeth of an animal. Animals may bite things in self-defence. Animals also bite things to cut them into smaller pieces before they eat them.

Bites can cause many medical problems, such as:

* Tearing or scratching the tissue
* Haemorrhaging if major blood vessels are pierced
* Infection by bacteria or pathogens, such as rabies
* Introduction of venom by venomous animals such as some snakes
* Introduction of things that may irritate the person by causing inflammation or itching

Treatment
---------

Bite wounds should be washed, ideally with povidone-iodine soap and water. The injury should then be loosely wrapped with a bandage. Open bite wounds are not sutured because of the risk of infection.

Animal bites caused by carnivores (other than rodents) may infect the victim with rabies if the animal that bit them carries it. If possible, the animal is caught and the head is looked at for signs of rabies. Signs of rabies include foaming at the mouth, self-mutilation, growling, jerky behaviour, and red eyes. If the animal lives for ten days and does not develop rabies, then the animal probably is not infected. In cases where the animal cannot be found, prophylactic rabies treatment is carried out in most places.

### Snake bites

Many of the world's snakes are not considered dangerous to humans, but even a bite from a "safe" snake may injure the victim if the wound is not treated properly, and large snakes such as constrictors are capable of causing a lot of damage with their bites.

### Spider bites

The black widow spider and some scorpions are considered dangerous to humans, mostly to small children and elderly adults. Only the Sydney funnel-web spider of Australia is frequently dangerous to adults, and it lives only within 100 miles of Sydney. Antivenins are available in the United States for black widow spiders and the dangerous scorpions native to the region.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Bites***.
**Henry Lau** (born October 11, 1989) also simply known as **Henry**, is a Canadian singer-songwriter. He works in Korean pop music. He can speak English, Mandarin and Korean very well, along with Cantonese, and a little bit of Japanese and Thai. He learned French in school. Henry released his first single in June 2013, which was called "Trap".

Biography
---------

### Youth

Lau's father was born in Hong Kong, and his mother was born in Taiwan. He lived in Willowdale, Toronto as a child.

### 2007–2009: Debut

Lau appeared as a violinist in South Korean group Super Junior's music video, for their lead single, "Don't Don", which was also the title of their album, released in September 2007.

In October 2007, S.M. Entertainment announced that Han Geng, a member of Super-Junior and Lau were chosen to form a sub-group of Super Junior, called Super Junior-M.

### 2013–current: Return to Super Junior-M and solo debut

Lau featured in Girls' Generation performance of "Romantic Fantasy" on MBC's Music Core. He performed "I Am" by Yoon Mi-rae with Yuri and Hyoyeon on January 1, 2013.

Super Junior-M's comeback in June 2013, with their second album, *Break Down*, was released on January 7, 2013, along with the single, which has the same name. The Korean version was released on January 31, 2013.

On February 6, 2013 Lau was announced to be a contestant in the celebrity version of *MasterChef Korea*, airing on Olive TV.

On June 7, Lau released his debut single "Trap", along with the music video of it.

Discography
-----------

EP's
* *Trap* (2013)

Digital albums
* *1-4-3 (I Love You)* (2013)
Gaetano Bresci
**Gaetano Bresci** (November 10, 1869 - May 22, 1901) was an Italian American anarchist who killed Italian King Umberto I. He is still considered a hero by many anarchists and republicans.

Life
----

Bresci was born in Tuscany, later emigrating from Italy to the United States, spending much time living in Paterson, New Jersey, where there was a large Italian-American community. He was one of the founders of *La Questione Sociale*, the Italian language anarchist paper published in Paterson. 

In 1898, high bread prices led to demonstrations over much of Italy. In Milan, an unarmed group of workers, women, and children marched together in protest, near the palace, which was surrounded by a strong military force under command of General Fiorenzo Bava-Beccaris. The people ignored an order to stop, so the General gave the signal to fire on them with rifles and cannons, resulting in a massacre of innocent people. Ninety people died, one of whom was Bresci's sister.

Umberto I's killing
-------------------

King Humbert later decorated Bava-Beccaris, and the king after said thanks to him,for "the defense of the royal house", the king did not do anything for the innocent people died, he decorated the murtder, this is the reason that made Bresci determined to kill the king.Bresci had his loan to the paper returned (without telling his comrades why), and with the money he went to Italy. In Monza, where the king was visiting on July 29, 1900, he shot him three times.

Bresci was captured and put on trial, where he was defended by the anarchist lawyer Francesco Saverio Merlino. He was sentenced in Milan on August 29, 1900, to life imprisonment on the jail of Santo Stefano Island near Ventotene, where lot of other anarchists had also been sent over the years. Less than a year later he was found dead in prison. It is not clear whether he committed suicide, as officially announced, or whether he was murdered by his guards.

Other websites
--------------

* *Gaetano Bresci Page* in the *Anarchist Encyclopedia* Archived 2004-06-03 at the Wayback Machine
**Lecompton** (pronounced /lɪˈkɒmptən/) is a city in Douglas County, Kansas, United States. In 2020, there were 588 people there. Lecompton had a big historical role in pre-Civil War America as the territorial capital of Kansas from 1855 to 1861. This time period was known as Bleeding Kansas.

History
-------

Lecompton was founded in 1854 on a bluff on the south side of the Kansas River. At first, the city's name was "**Bald Eagle**", but the name was changed to Lecompton in honor of Samuel Lecompte, the chief justice of the territorial supreme court. In the spring of 1855, the town became the capital of the Kansas Territory. President James Buchanan chose a governor and officials to create government offices in Lecompton. The first post office in Lecompton was created in September 1855.

In the fall of 1857 a convention met in Constitution Hall. They drafted the famous Lecompton Constitution, which would have made Kansas become a slave state. The constitution was rejected after angry national debate and was one of the main ideas of the Lincoln-Douglas debates. The controversy added to the growing fight that became the civil war. The Lecompton Constitution failed, in part, because the antislavery people had control of the territorial legislature in the election of 1857. The new legislature met at Constitution Hall and quickly started to get rid of the pro-slavery laws.

The free-staters shortly tried to move the territorial capital to Minneola, Franklin County, Kansas through a vote, but the resulting bill was later rejected by Kansas territorial governor James W. Denver, and was made void by Jeremiah S. Black, Attorney General of the United States. As such, Lecompton remained the *de jure* territorial capital. This was until Topeka became the capital when Kansas became a state on January 29, 1861. The American Civil War began on April 12, 1861.

Geography
---------

Lecompton is at 39°2′35″N 95°23′42″W﻿ / ﻿39.04306°N 95.39500°W﻿ / 39.04306; -95.39500 (39.042927, -95.395039). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.76 square miles (4.57 km2), of which, 1.76 square miles (4.55 km2) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.02 km2) is water.

### Climate

The climate in this area is has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Lecompton has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics
------------

| Historical population |
| --- |
| Census | Pop. |  | %± |
| **1880** | 284 |  | — |
| **1890** | 450 |  | 58.5% |
| **1900** | 408 |  | −9.3% |
| **1910** | 386 |  | −5.4% |
| **1920** | 310 |  | −19.7% |
| **1930** | 288 |  | −7.1% |
| **1940** | 250 |  | −13.2% |
| **1950** | 263 |  | 5.2% |
| **1960** | 304 |  | 15.6% |
| **1970** | 434 |  | 42.8% |
| **1980** | 576 |  | 32.7% |
| **1990** | 619 |  | 7.5% |
| **2000** | 608 |  | −1.8% |
| **2010** | 625 |  | 2.8% |
| **2020** | 588 |  | −5.9% |
| U.S. Decennial Census |

Lecompton is part of the Lawrence, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area.
**Money laundering** is a process some criminals do to hide the money they make from crimes or political corruption, which is called "dirty money". Such dirty money needs to be "cleaned" so it looks like it came from legal sources, and banks can accept it without being suspicious on where it came from. Criminals also do money laundering to make it hard for the police to find out where the criminal got the money.

One way criminals launder money is by using the money earned from illegal activities to buy things (like gold and silver, shares or casino chips, other legitimate business activities like food or liquor stores) and then selling those things to get the money back. If a criminal buys and sells things many times it is hard for the police to find out where the criminal got the money.

Some countries have laws to try to stop money laundering. These laws help the police to find out when criminals try to do money laundering. Under the laws in some countries, business people must:

* tell the Government when someone pays them a lot of money (for example $10,000) or when someone puts a lot of money in their bank
* tell the Government if they think someone is doing money laundering, and
* write down on paper, or on a computer, every time someone gives them a lot of money or they give someone a lot of money.

In 1989, some countries set up a group of people from different Governments to tell countries the best ways to stop money laundering. This organization is called the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering. The following countries have joined the Financial Action Task Force (FATF/GAFI)

Lots of people launder money because they have too much of it. 

* Argentina
* Aruba
* Australia
* Austria
* Bahrain
* Belgium
* Brazil
* Canada
* China
* Curaçao
* Denmark
* European Commission
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hong Kong, China
* Iceland
* India
* Ireland
* Italy
* Japan
* Kuwait
* Luxembourg
* Malaysia
* Mexico
* Netherlands
* New Zealand
* Norway
* Oman
* Portugal
* Qatar
* Republic of Korea
* Russian Federation
* Saint Maarten
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* South Africa
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* United Arab Emirates
* United Kingdom
* United States

Money laundering in Canada
--------------------------

In Canada money laundering is a serious issue. The government of Canada has allocated more than $70 million to fight money laundering.

The province of British Columbia announced it is holding a public inquiry into this issue.

10-BEST-WAYS-FOR-STUDENTS-TO-EARN-MONEY-ONLINE
**George Alan O'Dowd**, better known as **Boy George** (born 14 June 1961 in Bexley, Kent) is a rock singer-songwriter and Club DJ. He grew up in a large, working-class Irish family. The family which originally came form Thurles, in Co. Tipperary, Ireland.

O'Dowd was a part of the British new romantic movement which emerged in the late 1970s and was popularised in the early 1980s. He and Marilyn (born Peter Robinson) were regulars at 'The Blitz' a very popular nightclub in London. It was run by Steve Strange of the musical group Visage. The Blitz was a starting place for many early 1980s pop stars such as Spandau Ballet. The new romantics based their image on the coolness of David Bowie and high fashion. They liked the music of Bowie, Kraftwerk, Marc Bolan and post punk New Wave.

O'Dowd gained fame with his group Culture Club during the 1980s. His music is often called blue-eyed soul. He was heavily influenced by Rhythm and Blues and reggae. Early recordings with Culture Club showed that O'Dowd's vocals had an emotional quality which was like American soul music of the 1960s and 1970s. His later solo work has also touched on glam rock influences and was particularly influenced by David Bowie and Iggy Pop.

O'Dowd is also known for his flamboyant and androgynous appearance during the 1980s and early 1990s.

On 11 May 2009, Boy George was released from prison at HMP Edmunds Hill in Newmarket, Suffolk. He was four months into a fifteen-month sentence for the assault and false imprisonment of a male escort, in his East London flat. He was tagged and placed on a curfew for the rest of the sentence.

Boy George told the BBC on 27 January 2011 that there will be a 30th anniversary Culture Club reunion tour sometime later in the year. He also said they would be releasing a new album in 2012. Culture Club did play two live concerts, in Dubai and Sydney, but did not have a tour.

In 2018, George, along with Culture Club, released an album called Life. They did an accompanying tour, called the Life Tour. ￼

Harper Collins published his first autobiography, *Take It Like a Man*, in 1995, written with Spencer Bright. It was a bestseller in the UK. In 2005, Century published *Straight*, his second autobiographical book. This one was written with author Paul Gorman.
The most famous smile in art: the Mona Lisa: subtle and ambiguous
An extreme smile: mouth wide open with teeth showing; perhaps a laugh or happy shriek
For other uses, see Smile (disambiguation).
A **smile** is a face made by flexing the muscles near both ends of the mouth. The smile can also be made through the eyes (See 'Duchenne smile' below). Smiles usually express happiness. A smile can be natural or fake. However, smiling can be different with animals. When smiling, the teeth shows, but sometimes animals do this when they are threatening. When chimpanzees show their teeth, it can also be a sign of fear.

Dimples
-------

See the main article: dimples
A man smiling
Girl smiling
Dimples are genetically inherited. They are caused by the flesh underneath the skin, that forms on some people's cheeks, especially when they smile. Some people may only have one dimple on only one side of the face.

Duchenne smile
--------------

Although there are many different types of smiles, researchers are interested in the duchenne smile because it is done with the eyes. The Duchenne smile was named after the French physician Guillaume Duchenne. Duchenne identified two types of smiles. A **Duchenne smile** is when the cheek raises and forms a wrinkle around the eyes. Many researchers think that Duchenne smiles are usually hard to make when you are pretending to smile.

Internet
--------

On the Internet, smiles can normally be typed up. This is normally called a smiley, smiley face, or happy face. Smileys show emotion when people are not able to see it in real life. Smileys typed on the computer are called emoticons. Smileys can change depending on where the person typing the smiley is.

**Western Style:** :-), :-(, ;-), :-O, :-D, (;D)

**Eastern Style:** d(^.^)b, \(^o^)/, >.<, ^\_^, \*<):)

Related pages
-------------

* Laughter
* Smiley
* Social psychology

More reading
------------

* Conniff, R. (2007). What's behind a smile? *Smithsonian Magazine, 38,*46-53.
* Ottenheimer, H.J. (2006). *The anthropology of language: An introduction to linguistic anthropology.* Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworh.
* Ekman, P. Davidson, R.J. & Friesen, W.V. (1990). The Duchenne smile: emotional expression and brain psysiology II. *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology*, **58**, 342-353.
* Russell and Fernandez-Dols eds. 1997. *The psychology of facial expression*. Cambridge. ISBN 0521587964.
* Messinger D. & Fogel A. 2007. The interactive development of social smiling. In Robert Kail (ed) Advances in child development and behavior, **35**, 327-366. Oxford: Elsevier. Retrieved 25 June 2010 from

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Smiling***.

* BBC News: Scanner shows unborn babies smile
A peacock shows his feathers. This male's plumage attracts females, and can be used to scare off other animals
A pair of ducks. The left one (with the brown head) is the female. It is slightly smaller, and camouflaged. The male on the right is easily noticed; his colouring and size are secondary sexual characteristics. They signal that he can mate with females.
**Secondary sex characteristics** are features which make it possible to tell the sexes of a species apart. They are not directly linked to reproduction. 

Male birds usually have much more colourful feathers (plumage). Females are usually better able to hide, and their plumage is camouflaged. This makes sense, because the female birds carry the "precious package".

Well-known secondary sex characteristics in humans are for men: low voice tone, facial hair (mustache and beard) and more muscular build, shoulders wider, bones heavier, hands and feet bigger, height taller. In women, those characteristics usually cited are more prominent breasts, lips, eyes, long/fast growing hair, no facial hair height shorter, wider hips, more fat, and a higher voice tone. Average length of the tongue is greater in females, sometimes quite noticeably. It is reasonable to think this is also a secondary sexual character.

Faces, generally, make a big impact. It is the part other people interact with when meeting each other.

Some features are based on necessity. The wider hips of women are needed to give birth. Babies are born through the space between the three bones of a woman's pelvis. So is doubtful to call this a *secondary* characteristic, except so far as the width helps attract mates. Breasts are also essential, but in humans they are much larger in proportion to other mammals, and they do serve to attract males.

Evolutionary ideas
------------------

Charles Darwin thought that sexual selection, or competition within a species for mates explains many of the differences between sexes. Behaviour, such as male-to-male combat and female choice of males is a kind of secondary sex characteristic. Many 'ornaments' such brighter plumage, colouration, and other features have no immediate function except to improve the male's chances of being selected by females for breeding. Weapons such as antlers may serve both as defence against predators, and as status symbols advertising health and fitness.

Related pages
-------------

* Sexual dimorphism
* Sexual selection
* Sexual reproduction
Chris Hemsworth portrays Thor.
**Thor Odinson** is a fictional character portrayed by Chris Hemsworth in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) media franchise, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name and the Norse mythological god of thunder. He is the Asgardian God of Thunder, the former king of both Asgard and New Asgard, a founding member of the Avengers, and a former member of the Guardians of the Galaxy. When his irresponsible and impetuous behavior reignited an ancient war between Asgard and Jotunheim, Thor was denied the right to become king, stripped of his power and hammer Mjølnir, he was banished to Earth by Odin. While exiled on Earth, Thor found love with Jane Foster, and learned humility by saving his new friends from the Destroyer sent by Loki. Due to his selfless act of sacrifice, Thor redeemed himself in his father's eyes and was granted his power once more, which he then used to defeat Loki's schemes of genocide.

Thor is a central figure of the MCU, having appeared in nine movies as of 2023. Thor's characterization and early films received mixed reception, however his storyline following *Thor: Ragnarok* (2017) was received much more favorably, with that film often being credited as revitalizing the character and his arc.

Alternate versions of Thor appear in the animated series *What If...?* (2021), with Hemsworth reprising the role. One version in particular, which depicts an alternate Thor raised without Loki who is recruited into the Guardians of the Multiverse by the Watcher in the battle against an alternate version of Ultron.
Remains of Mohejo-daro
Map of the main Indus Civilization settlements
"The Dancing girl" artifact found in Mohenjo-daro
The bust of the king priest dating 2,500-1,500 BC excavated at the site of the ancient town of Mohenjo-daro.
**Mohenjo-daro**  was one of the largest city-settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization of south Asia. 

It is in province of Sindh, Pakistan. The city was built around 2600 BC. It was one of the early urban settlements in the world. Mohenjo-daro existed at the same time as the civilization of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and Greece. The archaeological ruins of the city are designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In Pakistan, it is one of the national icons of the distant past.

Historical context
------------------

Mohenjo-daro was built in the 26th century BC. It was one of the largest cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, which developed around 3000 BC from the prehistoric Indus culture. At its height, the Indus Civilization spanned much of what is now Pakistan and North India, extending westwards to the Iranian border, south to Gujarat in India and northwards to an outpost in Bactria. There were major urban centers at Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Lothal, Kalibangan, Dholavira and Rakhigarhi. 

Mohenjo-daro was the most advanced city of its time, with remarkably sophisticated civil engineering and urban planning. When the Indus civilization went into sudden decline around 1900 BC, Mohenjo-daro was abandoned.

Artifacts
---------

The Dancing girl found in Mohenjo-daro is an artifact that is some 4500 years old. The 10.8 cm long bronze statue of the dancing girl was found in 1926 from a house in Mohenjo-daro. She was British archaeologist Mortimer Wheeler's favorite statuette, as he said in this quote from a 1973 television program:

"There is her... pouting lips and insolent look in the eyes. She's about fifteen years old I should think, not more, but she stands there with bangles all the way up her arm and nothing else on. A girl perfectly, for the moment, perfectly confident of herself and the world. There's nothing like her, I think, in the world".
John Marshall, one of the excavators at Mohenjo-daro, described her as a vivid impression of the young ... *girl, her hand on her hip in a half-impudent posture, and legs slightly forward as she beats time to the music with her legs and feet.*

A seated male sculpture is the so-called "Priest King" (even though there is no evidence that either priests or kings ruled the city). Archaeologists discovered the sculpture in Lower town at Mohenjo-daro in 1927. It was found in an unusual house with ornamental brickwork and a wall niche and was lying between brick foundation walls which once held up a floor.

This bearded sculpture wears a fillet around the head, an armband, and a cloak decorated with trefoil patterns that were originally filled with red pigment.
"**The Son Also Draws**" is the 6th episode of the first season of ***Family Guy***. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on May 9, 1999. The episode is about Chris getting kicked out of the Boy Scouts (the episode calls it "Youth Scouts"). Peter drives the family to Scout headquarters to get Chris back in. During a rest stop at a Native American casino, Lois gambles away the family car. Peter pretends to be a member of the tribe in an attempt to get the car back, and is sent on a vision quest to prove his heritage, giving him and Chris an opportunity to bond.

Story
-----

Chris wants to leave the Youth Scouts but does not want to tell his father Peter. Chris is later kicked out of the Youth Scouts. Peter takes Chris and the family to Manhattan, where the headquarters of the Youth Scouts is. Brian stays at the house and watches *One Day at a Time*. He becomes less smart after watching some episodes. 

Peter needs to go to a bathroom, so they go to a Native American casino. Lois gets a gambling addiction and loses the family's car. Peter tries to get the car back by pretending he is a Native American. The Indians who work at the casino tell Peter to go on a vision quest to show that he really is a Native American. Chris goes with Peter into the wilderness. This is so that he can tell Peter he wants to draw instead of be with the Youth Scouts. Peter becomes so hungry in the wilderness that he starts to see talking trees. Fonzie appears in the sky and gets Peter to see Chris as a good artist. Peter and Chris go back to the casino and get their car back. At the end of the episode, the family talks about what Native Americans, Mexicans, and Swedes have achieved in life. Peter then says that "Canada sucks."

Production
----------

"The Son Also Draws" was written by Ricky Blitt. Niel Affleck is the director of the episode. Alex Borstein (voice actor of Lois) helped write the episode. Seth MacFarlane (creator of the show) thought she was helpful on writing for what Lois does in the episode. The part of the story where Lois loses the family's car was based on the movie *Lost in America*. The part with Peter trying to be an Indian to get the family car back is similar to real events. People say that they are 1/64th of a Native American so that they can get money from casinoes. Suzie Plakson, Kevin Michael Richardson, Fred Tatasciore, Wally Wingert, Bobby Slayton, Butch Hartman, and Patrick Bristow were guest stars for the episode.

Reception
---------

Ahsan Haque from IGN thought that the episode was not an "instant classic" like the other episodes of the first season, but is "still quite strong". He said that the episode did not have as many "laugh out loud moments" but has more "bolder" humor. Robin Pierson of *The TV Critic* thought that the episode was "very poor" and that the story was not focused. The episode's ending with Peter saying "Canada sucks" made Canadians who watched the episode angry.

Other websites
--------------

* "The Son Also Draws" at the Internet Movie Database
* "The Son Also Draws" at TV.com
Bullying of a larger woman in a 1942 ad in Brazil for a weight-loss medicine.
**Body image** is the thoughts and feelings of a person has about their own body. Having a positive body image effects self-esteem. In studies the majority of women and girls in western societies have a negative body image. The American ideal is to be thinner than is normal or healthy. Men and boys are thinking more about their bodies, wanting to be more muscular. Unrealistic ideals are learned from parents, friends, and the media.

In non-western cultures, body image does not have the same meaning. In some societies, people think of themselves as part of a group, not as individuals. Where getting enough food is a problem, growing thinner is seen as unhealthy. Westernization of cultures has decreased positive body image worldwide.

A 2007 report by the *American Psychological Association* found that a culture-wide sexualization of girls was contributing to increased female anxiety associated with body image. The study found that women are more worried about their body image than men.

Related pages
-------------

* Beauty
* Physical attractiveness
* Body positivity
The **Columbine High School massacre** was a school shooting and attempted bombing at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, near Denver, that happened on April 20, 1999. Eighteen-year-old Eric Harris and 17-year-old Dylan Klebold carried out the massacre and were both students at the school. They murdered 12 students and one teacher using guns. Ten of the murders happened in the school's library, where they then killed themselves with their guns. Before the shootings, they had planted two large propane bombs in the school's cafeteria. They could have killed many people in there, but they did not explode. They also planted two car bombs in the school's parking lot, which were supposed to kill first responders and news reporters. They also did not explode. They also carried pipe bombs and molotov cocktails, which they lit and threw. Most of them exploded but nobody was injured or killed by any of the bombs used during the massacre.

It was one of the first well-known massacres at a school in the United States, and the one with the most deaths until the Virginia Tech massacre in 2007.

After the shooting
------------------

After the shooting, many people wanted to know why it had happened. Many people thought that Klebold and Harris had done it because they were bullied, and schools in the United States began talking about how to stop bullying. However, it is now thought that Klebold and Harris were bullies themselves. Other people blamed parts of the media, saying that the lyrics of bands and singers like Marilyn Manson and violent video games that the shooters played might have caused it.

In 2002, filmmaker Michael Moore released a documentary movie called *Bowling for Columbine* that was about why the shooting happened and about the role guns have in American culture. In the movie, Moore interviewed Marilyn Manson.

### Memorials

HOPE Columbine Memorial LibraryThe Columbine memorial in Clement Park
Many impromptu memorials were created after the shooting. Memorials included victims Rachel Scott's car and John Tomlin's truck.

In 2000, youth advocate Melissa Helmbrecht organized a remembrance event in Denver. It featured two surviving students. It was called "A Call to Hope." The library (where most of the shooting happened) was removed and replaced with an atrium. In 2001, a new library, the HOPE memorial library, was built next to the west entrance.

On February 26, 2004, thousands of pieces of evidence from the shooting were shown at the Jeffco fairgrounds in Golden.
The **first season** of the animated comedy show *Family Guy* aired on Fox from April 4 to May 16, 1999. The first season of *Family Guy* has seven episodes. The show is about the dysfunctional Griffin family. The family consist of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie, and their anthropomorphic (having human abilities) dog Brian. They all live in their hometown of Quahog, Rhode Island. The show features the voices of the show's creator Seth MacFarlane. Other voice actors include Alex Borstein, Seth Green, and Lacey Chabert. The executive producers for the first season were David Zuckerman and MacFarlane.

The first episode with "Death Has a Shadow" and the ended with "Brian: Portrait of a Dog", received more positive feedback than the rest of the episodes of season one. Some critics did not like the theme of those episodes. The Volume One DVD box set, included all seven episodes and the second season. It was released in Region 1 on April 15, 2003, Region 2 on November 12, 2001, and Region 4 on October 20, 2003. The show has since been released in other television shows. 

MacFarlane first thought of the idea for *Family Guy* in 1995. He was studying animation at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD). There, he created his thesis movie *The Life of Larry*. His professor at RISD submitted the movie to Hanna-Barbera. This gave MacFarlane being hired by the company. Executives at Fox saw the movie. They contracted MacFarlane to create a show based on the characters. They called it *Family Guy*. While working on the show, Larry and his dog Steve, became Peter and Brian. The rest of the show's characters were added later.

Episodes
--------

See also: List of Family Guy episodes

| No. inseries | No. inseason | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Productioncode |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| 1 | 1 | "Death Has a Shadow" | Peter Shin | Seth MacFarlane | January 31, 1999 (1999-01-31) | 1ACX01 |
| 2 | 2 | "I Never Met the Dead Man" | Michael DiMartino | Chris Sheridan | April 11, 1999 (1999-04-11) | 1ACX02 |
| 3 | 3 | "Chitty Chitty Death Bang" | Dominic Polcino | Danny Smith | April 18, 1999 (1999-04-18) | 1ACX04 |
| 4 | 4 | "Mind Over Murder" | Roy Allen Smith | Neil Goldman & Garrett Donovan | April 25, 1999 (1999-04-25) | 1ACX03 |
| 5 | 5 | "A Hero Sits Next Door" | Monte Young | Mike Barker & Matt Weitzman | May 2, 1999 (1999-05-02) | 1ACX05 |
| 6 | 6 | "The Son Also Draws" | Neil Affleck | Ricky Blitt | May 9, 1999 (1999-05-09) | 1ACX06 |
| 7 | 7 | "Brian: Portrait of a Dog" | Michael DiMartino | Gary Janetti | May 16, 1999 (1999-05-16) | 1ACX07 |

Other websites
--------------


Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: ***Family Guy season 1***

* Season 1 Archived 2009-09-05 at the Wayback Machine at TV.com
* Callaghan, Steve (2005). *Family Guy: The Official Episode Guide, Seasons 1–3*. Harper Collins Publishers. ISBN 0-06-083305-X.
* *Family Guy* season one episode guide. IGN. Retrieved July 27, 2010.
Baguettes
**Baguettes** are long thin loaves of bread popular in France, but now common in many other countries. Usually, they are made of white bread. Baguettes usually have a hard crust on the outside but soft bread on the inside.

French traditions say that bread may only contain the following four things: flour, water, yeast and salt. Anything containing more than those things must not be called bread.

A baguette is about 5-6 cm wide, 3 to 4 cm high, and about 65 cm long. Such a baguette usually weighs about 250 grams. It is common to dip the bread into olive oil when it is eaten.

History
-------

The baguette is thought as to have come from France, but it actually came from Vienna. In the middle of the nineteenth century, steam ovens had just been brought into use. This allowed loaves to be made with a crispy crust and the white centre, similar to today's baguettes.

Later, in 1920, a law was passed that did not let bakers work before 4am. This made it impossible to make a larger loaf in time for their customers' breakfasts. The longer, thinner baguette helped solve this problem because it could be prepared and baked much faster. However, since the French had been making long thin loaves for a long time, what exactly was invented in 1920? It seems to be just the use of the word "baguette" for those thin loaves.

Description
-----------

Outside France, the baguette is also called a 'French stick'. It is a loaf of bread, up to a metre long but only about four to five centimetres in diameter. The baguette is a symbol of France.

Baguettes are eaten as a sandwich cut in half lengthwise. They are also eaten for breakfast (usually with jam or chocolate spread).

A loaf the same length as a baguette but thicker (about 8-10 centimetres diameter) is known as 'pain'. A thin version of the baguette is called 'ficelle'. 

Even in France there is a difference between a traditional baguette and a 'supermarket' baguette.

Baguette has the same texture as the Greek bread Tsoureki.
Pacific Time Zone is shown in red
The **Pacific Time Zone** is one of the time zones in the world. It is based on the mean solar time of the 105th meridian west of the Greenwich Observatory. Normally, its time is 8 hours before Coordinated Universal Time. The time zone is in the United States, Canada and Mexico. The biggest city in the zone is Los Angeles, California; its metropolitan area is the largest in the zone. During Daylight Savings Time, the Pacific Time Zone is represented by UTC−7. 

This time zone is called Pacific Time (PT). During winter it is **Pacific Standard Time** (PST) which is **UTC-8** and in summer it is **Pacific Daylight Time** (PDT) which is **UTC-7**.

**Places that are in Pacific Time Zone**

**Canada**
Tungsten, Northwest Territories; and most of British Columbia. As of Nov 2020, all of Yukon is in MST year-round (**UTC-7**), which is aligned with PDT in the summer. 

**United States**
It includes the entire states of Washington and California

It also contains most of Oregon and Nevada.

Parts of the Idaho Panhandle are part of the Pacific Time Zone.

**Mexico**
The state of Baja California uses Pacific Time Zone.

1. ↑   "Yukon Time Zone".
The Sixt car rental agency at Munich airport, Germany.
**Car rental** is when you rent a car. The company providing you the car becomes the car rental service provider, whereas you become the car hirer, as you hire the car for a fee.

A **car rental** agency or a **rent-a-car** (**car hire** in British English) is a company that rents automobiles for short periods of time (ranging from a few hours to a few weeks) for a fee.

Location
--------

They can be found primarily located near airports or busy city areas. The internet is changing the car rental industry with companies that are now called online car rental companies. Travelers can pre-book their rental car online anywhere across the globe directly from the service providers like Hertz, Budget, Alamo, Sixt Rent a Car, Thrifty, Travelauto.com, Dollar, Enterprise Rent-A-Car and Europcar.

Purpose
-------

Car rental agencies are mainly for people who need a car for a short period of time, for example travellers who are out of town, people whose cars were damaged or destroyed. Car rental agencies may also rent trucks for self-moving industry

### Conditions

Car rentals are subject to many conditions which vary from one brand to another. The vehicle must be returned in a good condition and must not exceed a maximum driven distance, otherwise extra fees may be incurred. Additionally, some companies set up a minimum age for the vehicle driver, which in some cases is as high as 25, even in countries where the minimum legal age to hold a driver's license is much lower. Recent conditions have used GPS technology to limit maximum speeds or driving to specific regions.

Global market
-------------

North America and Europe are leading the car rental market, followed by Asia-Pacific. North America is dominating the car rental market, Caucasus (Especialy in Baku) owing to the high usage rate of car rental services by daily commuters, office-goers, and tourists in the country. Also, the growing trend of car sharing also boosts the usage of car rental in this region.