recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**x86-64** is the general name of a series of 64-bit processors and their associated instruction set architecture. These processors are compatible with legacy x86 software. 

AMD and Intel are the major manufacturers, and VIA also supported it with VIA Nano processors. They call their own 64-bit processors AMD64, Intel64 and VIA x86-64 processors, respectively. Game consoles such as Microsoft Xbox One and Sony PlayStation 4 use their own semi-customized AMD64-based APU as main processors.

**x64** is another name used to refer to 64-bit extended systems based on this kind of processors. People often use *x64* to refer to its associated instruction set architecture and processor.

Desktop Processors
------------------

### AMD64

* AMD Athlon 64

* AMD Athlon X2

* AMD Athlon II

* AMD Sempron

* AMD Sempron X2

* AMD Phenom

* AMD Phenom II

* AMD FX

* AMD APU A4/A6/A8/A9/A10/A12

* AMD APU Athlon

* AMD APU Sempron

* AMD Ryzen

### Intel 64 (EM64T)

* Intel Pentium 4

* Intel Pentium D

* Intel Celeron D

* Intel Pentium Dual Core

* Intel Celeron

* Intel Core 2

* Intel Core i3/i5/i7/i9

* Intel Atom

### VIA x86-64

VIA Nano

Desktop Operating System
------------------------

Windows XP Professional x64

Windows Vista/7/8/8.1/10 x64

Windows 11 (Only x64)

Mac OS X 10.4.7 and later

Solaris 10 and later

Linux 2.4.x and later
A cosplayer dressed up as Kid Flash.
**Kid Flash** is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. They are speedsters and sidekicks to The Flash, and members of the Flash Family. Their costume have the reverse color scheme of their mentor. Originally the character behind the mask was **Wally West**, the nephew of Barry Allen, who received his super-speed powers in an identical accident to his adult counterpart. West was Kid Flash for many years until Barry was killed during the *Crisis on Infinite Earths* and Wally graduated to assume his position. The second version is **Bart Allen**, a descendant of the Allen Family from the 30th Century who traveled back to our time as **Impulse** before graduating to his current title. The third and current version is **Wallace "Ace" West**, the cousin of the original Kid Flash, who has the same name as him. They have all been regular members of the Teen Titans while using this alias and the third has been a member of Defiance.

*Kid Flash* was created by John Broome and Carmine Infantino, first appearing in *The Flash* #110 (1959).

The Wally West Kid Flash was first adapted for live action in the Arrowverse family of TV shows, played by Keiynan Lonsdale.
A *phrase* is a group of words that adds meaning to a sentence. A phrase is not a sentence because it is not a complete idea with a subject, verb and a predicate. 18/11/2023

In English there are five different kinds of phrases, one for each of the main parts of speech. In a phrase, the main word, or the word that is what the phrase is about, is called the **head**. In these examples, it is printed in **bold**. The other words in the phrase do the work of changing or *modifying* the head.

In a '**Noun phrase'**, one or more words work together to give more information about a noun.

* all my dear **children**
* the information **age**
* seventeen hungry **lions** in the rocks

In an **Adjective phrase**, one or more words work together to give more information about an adjective.

* so very **sweet**
* **earnest** in her desire
* very **happy** with his work

In a **Verb phrase**, one or more words work together to give more meaning to a verb. In English, the verb phrase is very complex, but a good description of its many forms can be found here.

In an **Adverb phrase**, one or more words work together to give more information about an adverb.

* especially **softly**
* **formerly** of the city of Perth
* much too **quickly** to see clearly

In a **Prepositional phrase**, one or more words work together to give information about time, location, or possession, or condition. The preposition always appears at the front of the phrase (preposition = pre-position).

* **after** a very long walk
* **behind** the old building
* **for** all the hungry children
* **in case** it should happen again
Pricilla de Oliveira Azevedo received the International Women of Courage Award in 2012.
**Pricilla de Oliveira Azevedo** is a Brazilian police officer.  In 2012 she received the International Women of Courage Award.

Work
----

In 1998, de Oliveira joined the Rio de Janeiro military police. In 2000 she started work in street operations.  In 2007, she was attacked and kidnapped. She escaped and arrested three of her kidnappers.

In 2008 she became head of the first "Police Pacification Unit" (UPP) in Rio de Janeiro. In 2013, a man disappeared in Rocinha. The officers of the Police Pacification Unit were accused of being part of the crime. De Oliveira became head of the police unit.

Awards
------

In 2012 De Oliveira received the International Women of Courage award, and *Veja* magazine named her Defender of the City.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Pricilla de Oliveira Azevedo***.

* 2012 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr
* Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
**Toshizo Hijikata** lived in Japan during the late Edo  period. He was a member of Shinsengumi. They guarded the Shogun. And he was a Vice President of Shinsengumi. He supported the president, Isami Kondo. He was a very strict person. So he was feared as a Vice President of the ogre. He died in Hokkaido at the age of 35.

Early life
----------

In 1835, he was born in Musashino Kuni (Hino city, Tokyo). He was the tenth child and he was the youngest in his family. His father was a wealthy farmer. But he wanted to do martial arts and be a samurai. So he made an effort to practice sword fighting.

### Childhood

As a child, he was a very naughty boy. Also he was a smart boy.

When he was 11 years old, he started to work in the dry goods dealer (Ito Gofukuten). But he quarreled with the leader for a trivial matter and walked back about 40 kilometers to his house. He was so stubborn that he wouldn’t return to the shop even if his family persuaded him.

Next, he started to sell medicines (Ishida Sanyaku).

Shinsengumi
-----------

The Shinsengumi, or "newly selected troops," protected the Shogun in the last years before the Meiji Restoration.

Hijikata met Isami Kondo when he was 25 years old. He joined Shieikan which Isami Kondo ran. After that, he applied for the Roshigumi to protect Tokugawa Iemochi, the 14th Shogun of the Edo Shogunate. And he went to Kyoto with members of Shieikan. Shinsengumi started in 1863 because they succeeded there. They guarded the Shogun.

He was a Vice President of Shinsengumi. He was a very strict person. So he was feared by all as a Vice President of the ogre. But just before he died in Hakodate, he was kind to everyone.

Ikedaya case
------------

In 1864 July 8th, Ikedaya case happened. Shinsengumi beat Sonno Joi ha (supporters of the doctrine of restoring the emperor and expelling the barbarians). When he heard that Isami Kondo’s army had found Sonno Joi ha, he immediately joined forces. But he didn’t storm Ikedaya immediately and ambushed around there. The achievements of the Shinsengumi in the Ikedaya case were very great.

Boshin War
----------

Immediately after the Boshin War began, Isami Kondo was arrested. Toshizo tried to save Isami Kondo, but he was executed. When the war of Utsunomiya castle happened, he won temporarily. But it was inferior to a modern weapon of the new government troop with swords and spears. He escaped to Goryokaku, but his stomach was shot and he died. He was 35 years old.

Legacy
------

Hijikata's sword was returned to Tokyo. People come to look at it every year.

The Hijikata Toshizo Museum opened in Hino City in 1994. It is in the same building where Hijikata grew up.

A fictional Hijikata appears in the game Hakuouki.
Statue of Saint Roch
Tomb of St. Roch in Venice.
**Saint Roch** or **Rocco** (c. 1295 – c. 16 August 1327) was a Christian saint. His death is commemorated on 16 August. He a patron saint against the plague. He is also a patron Saint of dogs and falsely accused people.

Life
----

According to his legends, Roch was born in 1295 in Montpellier, France. He was born with a red cross on his chest. His family was prosperous.

As a young man he was very religious. He decided to live the life of a hermit. He gave away all he owned to the poor. At age 20 he set out on a religious pilgrimage to Rome. At this same time the plague struck Italy. While in Italy he stopped in villages to take care of the sick. Apparently everyone he tended to got well. He finished his pilgrimage to Rome. On his return trip he was struck by the plague himself. He decided to take refuge in the forest alone and wait for his death. According to his legend he was visited by an angel and was healed. A dog was said to have brought him bread every day. He then set out for Montpellier. His legends do not agree on what happened next. In one version he returned to Montpellier and died there. Another version say he returned to France but was arrested as a spy. He remained in prison for the rest of his life.

There is little historical evidence for the existence of Saint Roch. He remains one of the most popular saints in the south of France. His feast day is on August 16th.

Other websites
--------------

* Saints & Angels
***Fig Pudding*** is a young adult novel written by Ralph Fletcher. It was first published in 1995. The novel was recommended as one of the ten best books of 1995 by the American Library Association.

Plot summary
------------

Cliff is eleven years old and the oldest of six children in his family who live in Ballingsford. As Christmas nears, Cliff's grandmother arrives for a visit. Cliff's baby brother is rushed to the hospital with a severe illness. While he is getting better in the hospital on Christmas Eve his family finally figure out that he has been asking Santa Claus for a little ladder like the one used to climb up to the top of a bunk bed. The whole family work together to build Josh a ladder and deliver it him on Christmas morning. Later, Cliff's first grade brother Brad, drives his bicycle into an ambulance and dies. The family spends the next Christmas at a resort trying to adjust to the loss of Brad but the trip does not seem to work. Their spirits rise during a New Year's party at Aunt Pat's house. When they arrive at the party Josh steps by mistake into Dad's special fig pudding. Dad removes the shoe, smooths down the pudding, and swears the children to secrecy. They all keep a straight face until Uncle Eddie says that the fig pudding is the best ever and asks Dad if he has added some new ingredient. They all laugh when the real story of the shoe is told.

Style
-----

*Fig Pudding* is written using an episodic plot style.

Reception
---------

Chris Sherman in his review for *Booklist* said that "Fletcher captures perfectly the humor, irritations, and sadness of life in a large, close-knit family and makes Cliff a sympathetic and thoughtful narrator, occasionally bewildered by his siblings' antics but always a completely believable older brother. The comedy in the final chapter will leave readers recalling hilarious family disasters of their own." Elizabeth Devereaux in her review for *Publishers Weekly* said this novel "neatly blends the humor and frustrations of growing up in a large family."

Outside websites
----------------

* Ralph Fletcher's website
**Mutual Nuclear Deterrence** refers to the theory that if two parties both threaten nuclear conflict, neither will engage in it. This became a commonly used strategy during The Cold War. Deterence theory itself is defined as any use of threats in order to maintain the status quo. The stability–instability paradox is an important part of mutual nuclear deterrence. This paradox states that if two parties both have powerful nuclear weapons, the chances of war between them greatly decreases. This is because parties generally want to avoid nuclear conflict, so they neither start large conflicts nor allow small conflicts to grow into large ones.

According to Kenneth Waltz, there are three requirements for successful nuclear deterrence:

1. The state must have a group of nuclear weapons strong enough to fight back if attacked.
2. The state must not respond to false alarms of a strike.
3. The state must keep control.

The idea of mutual nuclear deterrence has been critiqued. This is because of the idea that the people who make decisions are always rational. It has been argued that it does not consider the emotional effects of the chances of a conflict happening, which can lead to irrational choices.
***Forest of Secrets*** is the third book in the first *Warriors* series: *Warriors: The Prophecies Begin*. It was written by Erin Hunter. It was published on 14 October 2003.

*Forest of Secrets* takes place in a fictional forest populated by feral cats who live in groups called Clans. There are four Clans: ThunderClan, ShadowClan, WindClan, and RiverClan. The cats that live in these Clans call themselves warriors.

Plot
----

Fireheart, a ThunderClan warrior, looks for a way to expose Tigerclaw, deputy (second-in-command) of ThunderClan, for being a traitor. Graystripe, Fireheart's best friend, is in love with a RiverClan warrior, Silverstream, despite relationships between cats of different Clans being against the rules the Clan cats live by.

Silverstream and Graystripe have kits, Featherkit and Stormkit, but Silverstream dies giving birth to them. Graystripe takes the kits to ThunderClan, where he is exposed for having a forbidden relationship. RiverClan is angry about this, and wants to take the kits back.

Fireheart and Graystripe find Ravenpaw, Tigerclaw's former apprentice, and get the true story of what happened in the battle where Redtail, the former deputy of ThunderClan, died. They find out that Tigerclaw's story of what happened that day was a lie, and that Tigerclaw killed Redtail. Fireheart tries to tell Bluestar about this, but she doesn't believe him.

Eventually, Tigerclaw brings a group of former ShadowClam cats into the camp, and tries to kill Bluestar during the confusion of the battle. Fireheart rescues Bluestar, and Tigerclaw is banished from ThunderClan. Fireheart is made deputy in his place, and Graystripe takes his kits to RiverClan. Bluestar's mental state begins to fail because of Tigerclaw's betrayal.
***Starlight*** is the fourth book in the second series of *Warriors*, called *Warriors: The New Prophecy*. The book is told from three different points of view: Leafpool and Squirrelflight, two sisters, and Squirrelflight's love interest, Brambleclaw.

This book takes place in a forest around a fictional lake. The forest is populated by groups of feral cats, who live in groups that call themselves Clans. The four Clans are ThunderClan, ShadowClan, WindClan, and RiverClan. The cats usually train to become warriors, who hunt and fight for their Clans.

Plot
----

### Leafpool

Leafpool has to care for ThunderClan with her teacher, Cinderpelt. She and Cinderpelt are medicine cats, meaning that they heal the cats of their Clan. She finds a place called the Moonpool, where the Clans can contact the spirits of their ancestors. She eventually falls in love with a WindClan warrior called Crowfeather (which is forbidden, as Leafpool and Crowfeather are from different Clans). Leafpool also discovers that Brambleclaw has started to train with Tigerstar and Hawkfrost, his evil father and brother, in dreams. She wonders if he is truly loyal to ThunderClan.

### Squirrelflight

Squirrelflight discovers a place where ThunderClan can live. She begins to struggle with her emotions for two male cats, Brambleclaw and Ashfur. She likes Ashfur more for a while when she finds out that Brambleclaw has been training with evil cats. She wonders if Brambleclaw is loyal to ThunderClan. Eventually, though, she decides that she loves Brambleclaw, and chooses him over Ashfur.

### Brambleclaw

Brambleclaw starts dreaming of a place called the Dark Forest, a place where the spirits of evil Clan cats go when they die. In those dreams, he trains with Tigerstar and Hawkfrost, his evil father and brother.
Marion Strecker
**Marion Strecker** (b. São Paulo, October 17, 1960) is a Brazilian journalist, photographer and businessperson. She is known as one of the pioneers of the Internet industry in South America. Since 2011 she has been living in San Francisco, California, and working as an Editor-at-Large for UOL. UOL is the major content portal in Brazil. Since 2010, she has also been a columnist for Folha de S.Paulo, the largest newspaper in Brazil. She writes in the Market section about technology, innovation and behavior.

Strecker is one of the founders of UOL. She was the Content VP of the company from 1996 until 2011. UOL soon became a very large website. It reached about 70% of the online audience in Brazil with news, entertainment and services.

Before joining the team that founded UOL, Marion Strecker worked at Folha de S.Paulo from 1984 to 1996. She was a writer, an art critic, editor of the cultural section, planning coordinator, reporter, director of the archives and director of the Folha News Agency. Strecker was one of the authors of the "Folha Newsroom Manual".

After coordinating the Digitization of the Newspaper Archives Project in the early 90s, Strecker led a team that created many high tech products. These included like audiotext services (1993), the newspaper’s full text yearly CD-ROMs (1994-96) and a system similar to a BBS. This system gave all the Folha de S.Paulo journalists and foreign correspondents access to the archives online, using telephone lines and microcomputers. Because of this work, Strecker was given the Folha Award on Journalism, Special Category, in 1995.

She also led the team which created the first website for Folha’s Media Group in Brazil. It was first used on 9 July 1995. Later that year, Strecker created the first content team for the launch of UOL in April 1996. UOL soon became the leader in the Brazilian internet market.

Since the 80s, she has written for several magazines and also spoken at many seminars and conferences in Brazil, United States and Europe. In the 90s she had a short career as a Professor of New Technologies for Communication at Casper Libero College of Journalism in São Paulo.

Early in her career as a journalist, Strecker was a writer and a co-editor with Lisette Lagnado of "Arte em São Paulo". This is a magazine founded by the Brazilian painter Luiz Paulo Baravelli, about the visual arts.

Strecker holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Social Communication from PUC (Pontific Catholic University of São Paulo). Before working in journalism and online media, Strecker was a music teacher and a performer.

Strecker is married to the Brazilian journalist Mario Cesar Carvalho. They have two children, Theo and Helena.
Examples of omnivores. From left to right: humans, dogs, pigs, catfish, crow, meat ant
An **omnivore** is an animal whose species gets its energy and nutrients from a diet made up of foods that include plants, animals, algae, fungi and bacteria.

Many omnivores change their eating habits during their life cycle. They are sometimes called "life-history omnivores", because they are only omnivores if their whole life is considered.

Some species, such as grazing waterfowl like geese, are known to eat mainly animals at one stage of their lives, but plants at another. Also, many insects, such as the beatle family Meloidae, eat animal tissue when they are larvae, but eat plant matter after they mature.

Animal types
------------

All of these animals are omnivores, but have different feeding behaviors and favorite foods. Being omnivores gives these animals more food security in stressful times. It also makes it easier for them to live in less consistent environments; (those that change along with the season, for example).

Humans, many pigs, many bears, some primates, some rodents, opossums, rails, rheas, most seagulls, and other animals are omnivores.

Related pages
-------------

* Carnivore
* Herbivore
* Insectivore
* Semi-vegetarian
**Jews** believe in only one god, because they believe that that one god was not only the creator of the world, but also that they can have an individual and personal relationship with him. The name of that god is **God**, meaning "The Name" or "My Master". 

The religion started in Mesopotamia, later on moving to Canaan, and near the Middle East. It developed gradually around 1800 BCE. During this time, God talked to Abraham, and told him to go to Canaan with his followers. Once they arrived, they became sheep herders. But one day, famine caused them to flee to Egypt, where they eventually became slaves. After all that happened, God talked to another spiritual leader in Judaism to help Abraham and his followers get back to Canaan, which he eventually did. The religion spread widely after that. The spread is called the Jewish Diaspora. The Jews spread to other countries and took their religion with them. 

The Jews have to follow specific rules from their bible. One of them is the 10 commandments. They also have to live near their Synagogue because they don't believe in taking transportation on Shabbat.
The **Peace of Westphalia** refers to the pair of peace treaties, the Treaty of Osnabrück and the Treaty of Münster, signed on May 15 and October 24 of 1648, which ended both the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War. The treaties involved Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, the other German princes, Spain, France, Sweden and representatives of the Dutch Republic. The Treaty of the Pyrenees, signed in 1659, ending the war between France and Spain, is also often considered part of the overall agreement.

Locations
---------

The peace negotiations were held in the cities of Münster and Osnabrück, which lie about 50 km apart from each other, in the present German states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony. Sweden had favoured Osnabrück because of its Protestant background, France chose Münster because of its Catholic background. In any case, two locations were required because the Protestant and Catholic leaders refused to meet each other. The Catholics used Münster, and the Protestants used Osnabrück.

Results
-------

Spain accepted the independence of the Dutch Republic.

A simplified map of Europe after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.
The power that Ferdinand III had taken for himself against the Holy Roman Empire's constitution was stripped. That meant that the rulers of the German states could again determine the religion of their lands.

* All parties would now recognize the Peace of Augsburg of 1555 by which each prince would have the right to determine the religion of his own state, whether Catholicism, Lutheranism or now Calvinism.
* Christians living in principalities in which their denomination was *not* the established church were guaranteed the right to practice their faith in public during allotted hours and in private at their will.

Holy Roman Empire in 1648.
There were also territorial adjustments.

Related pages
-------------

* Eighty Years' War
* Thirty Years' War

Other websites
--------------

* Treaty Text Archived 2006-07-18 at the Wayback Machine
* Treaty Text (Yale University)
* Texts of the Westphalian Treaties
* High Resolution Map of Germany after the Treaty of Westphalia
* Peace Treaty of Osnabrück (Full Text) Archived 2019-09-13 at the Wayback Machine
* Peace Treaty of Münster (Full Text) Archived 2019-09-13 at the Wayback Machine
***Carcharodontosaurus*** was a giant carnivorous dinosaur of the Cretaceous period, 100 - 94 million years ago. It was about 12 meters long and had a weight of about 8.2 tons, and a height of 5 metres tall. Fossils of *Carcharodontosaurus* were found in Africa by paleontologist Ernst Stromer. 

*Carcharodontosaurus* was closely related to the slightly larger than *Giganotosaurus*, its cousin from Argentina; they are both carcharodontosaurid carnosaurs. Recent discoveries of *Carcharodontosaurus* put its adult length at 39 - 49 feet, making it the largest carnivorous dinosaur in Africa, after *Spinosaurus*.

Only two *Carcharodontosaurus* fossils have been found. Two teeth were found in the 1920s. Other parts were found in Egypt in the 1930s. They were destroyed in bombing raids on Munich in World War II while they were on display.

A skull was uncovered in 1996: its length estimates were larger than the older ones and so was its skull, which measured 5.2 feet or 1.6 metres. Its jaws are narrow like those of *Giganotosaurus*. Its teeth were up to 7 inches long.
The **Golden calf** was a Golden Calf that most of the Israelites worshipped when G-d told them not to worship idols.

Background
----------

After God gave the Israelites the Ten Commandments, the Israelites were afraid so they asked Moses to go up Mount Sinai to get the rest of the Torah. He stayed there a long time so they thought he was dead. They threatened Aaron into building a giant Calf out of Gold. They then started to worship the Golden Calf (except for the Levites who didn’t). And they also danced naked in front of it. So God threatened to kill all Israelites except Moses for their sin but Moses prayed to God to have mercy and God did.

Breaking of the Tablets
-----------------------

After Moses saw the Israelites worshiping the Golden Calf, he broke the stone tables where the Ten Commandments were written.

Massacre of the Calf Worshippers
--------------------------------

Moses said "all who are for God, follow me" and all the Levites joined him. They killed everyone they saw worship the Golden Calf.

Drinking the Calf’s Remains
---------------------------

Moses had the Golden Calf destroyed and turned into a powder. He mixed the powder with water and made everyone drink it. Anyone who worshipped the Golden Calf died when they started drinking it.

Forgiveness
-----------

When Moses went back up Mount Sinai, the Israelites started fasting and continued for the next 40 days. So God forgave the Israelites for their sins and gave them a second set of stone tables with the Ten Commandments on them.
The **Chesapeake–Leopard Affair** was a naval battle that took place off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia on June 22, 1807. The English warship HMS *Leopard* attacked and boarded the American USS *Chesapeake*. The British were looking for people who had deserted the Royal Navy. The commander of the American ship surrendered his vessel to the British. When he returned home, he was tired, and had to leave the military.

The *Chesapeake–Leopard Affair* made many Americans angry. Some of them wanted to go to war with Great Britain, but most people did not. President Thomas Jefferson tried to use the anger to diplomatically threaten the British government into settling the matter. The United States Congress backed away from armed conflict when British diplomats showed that they felt they did nothing wrong in the matter. The diplomats also said that impressment would continue. Jefferson's political failure to solve the problem with Great Britain led him towards economic warfare: the Embargo of 1807.

Further reading
---------------

* Perkins, Bradford. 1968. *Embargo: Alternative to W*ar (Chapter 8 from Prologue to War: England and the United States, 1805-1812, University of California Press, 1968) in *Essays on the Early Republic 1789-1815*. Leonard Levy, Editor. Dryden Press, 1974.
**Primate cities** are cities which have more people and influence than any other city. Primate cites have more than twice as many people than any other in the country. 

They are more important in resources, education, health care than the country's second largest city. Countries with primate cities often have inequality in its development, but richer countries as well as poorer countries can have primate cities.

Countries without a primate city in red.
An example of a rich country having a primate city is the United Kingdom, where its largest city London has over eight times as many people as its second largest city, Birmingham.

Bangkok is a primate city because its population is nine times bigger than the second largest city in Thailand. 70% of the country's resources go to Bangkok.

The United States has never had a primate city on a national level due to the decentralized nature of the country, and because the second largest city of the country is not far behind in population and GDP. New York City, which is the largest city and the largest economy in the United States, is for this reason not a primate city of the country. The metropolitan area of New York City has 21 million residents and Los Angeles has 16 million residents.

Sub-national divisions can also have primate cities. For instance, New York City is New York State's primate city because its population is 32 times bigger than the second largest city of that state. New York City has 44% of the population and has 65% of the GDP of New York State.
Elisabeth of Bavaria (1867)
**Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria** (December 24, 1837 - September 10, 1898) was the wife of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria.

Biography
---------

Elisabeth was born in Munich, Bavaria state in Germany. She was part of the royal family of Wittelsbach. She was the fourth of the ten children of Prince Maximilian of Bavaria and his wife Princess Ludovika. She was known as "Sisi". She grew up with her brothers and sisters at Possenhofen Castle. In August 1853, she went to Bad Ischl with her mother and older sister Helene, to celebrate Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph's 23rd birthday. The event was also supposed to be the occasion to announce his engagement to Helene. However, Franz Joseph liked the young and beautiful Elisabeth so much that he proposed to her instead.

Marriage
--------

Empress Elisabeth has become something of an historical icon and highly romantic figure
Elisabeth and Franz Joseph were married in great pomp in Vienna on April 24, 1854. Elisabeth had an informal upbringing, before marrying Franz Joseph. She disliked the much more formal life she had to live at court. Early in the marriage, her mother-in-law, Princess Sophie, took over the care of Elisabeth's daughters. One daughter died when she was a baby. The birth of her son Rudolf improved her standing at court. Her health suffered under the stress of the court life. She had four children: Sophie (1855-1857), Gisele (1856-1932), Rudolf (1858-1889) and Valerie (1868-1924). 

Franz Joseph and Elisabeth became King and Queen of Hungary in 1867, when the two countries joined together and created the Austro-Hungarian Empire. 

Elisabeth suffered from lung disease and melancholia. She disliked the strict etiquette of the court. She was often away and lived long periods of time abroad, notably in Hungary and at her villa in Corfu. 

Her only son, Rudolf, committed suicide in 1889, after killing his young mistress Marie Vetsera. Empress Elisabeth was assassinated by an Italian anarchist in 1898, while on a visit to Geneva. 

She has since become something of an historical icon and highly romantic figure, through a series of movies called *Sisi* in the 1950s. The movies starred actress Romy Schneider.
The **Democracy and Progress Party** (Turkish: *Demokrasi ve Atılım Partisi*, **DEVA**) is a Turkish political party founded on 9 March 2020 under the leadership of Ali Babacan, a former economy minister under the AKP. The official abbreviation is "DEVA" (*Remedy* in Turkish) according to the party records. The party's logo is a water droplet, inside a silhouette of sapling.

Election results
----------------

### Parliamentary elections

Grand National Assembly of Turkey| Year | Leader | Seats | Position |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Seats | +/- |
| 2023 | Ali Babacan | 15 / 600 | style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; "class="table-no2" |Opposition |

 DEVA Party Founders' Board Ankara, Turkey (2020).
### Party leaders

List of people who have served as the chairman of the Democracy and Progress Party, which was opened on March 9, 2020.

| # | Leader | Portrait | Took office | Left office | Time in office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ali Babacan |  | 10 March 2020 | *Incumbent* | 3 years, 271 days |
|
OpenVPN logo
**OpenVPN** is a Virtual private network protocol that is open-source. This means the source code is openly available for anyone to access and develop. It creates secure point-to-point or site-to-site connections in routed or bridged configurations and remote access facilities.

An active community has formed around the OpenVPN project, which has kept it up-to-date and provided regular security audits to ensure it’s viability.

It is particularly known for its security and privacy as well as its adjustability.

OpenVPN typically works on any port and has five encryption algorithms to such as SSL, IPSec or SSH. AES 256-bit encryption is the best security and privacy as it is essentially unbreakable. A TCP 443 port will make a connection similar to an https connection. It is essentially a secure connection which can help prevent website blocking and bypass censorship.

For greater speed, it is recommended to use UDP ports, using the default, Blowfish-128 cipher. This isn’t the absolute highest level of security, but for most people, it will suffice and will operate significantly faster than AES 256 on TCP.
The **Protect Intellectual Property Act** (**Preventing Real Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property Act**), also called **PIPA**, was a proposed American law to stop copyright infringement on the Internet. The law would give copyright holders new ways to deal with websites infringing copyright.

Critics said the proposed law would have hidden risks and unintended consequences.

Protest
-------

The English language Wikipedia page from 18 January 2012, illustrating its international blackout in opposition to SOPA and PIPA.
Some people and businesses support the law while others are alarmed by the law. Supporters worry that the current copyright law is not effective in shutting down piracy websites. Opponents worry that the law is a kind of censorship. It is hard to tell which side is correct because the language in the law is still being written.

Related pages
-------------

* Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)

Other websites
--------------

* Text of Protect Intellectual Property Act Archived 2016-07-03 at the Wayback Machine; S. 968 Archived 2012-09-11 at the Wayback Machine
The **University of Oslo** (Norwegian: *Universitetet i Oslo*, Latin: *Universitas Osloensis*) is the oldest and largest university in Norway. It is in the Norwegian capital, Oslo.

The university began in 1811 as **The Royal Frederick University** (in Norwegian *Det Kongelige Frederiks Universitet* and in Latin *Universitas Regia Fredericiana*). The university was modelled after the recently established University of Berlin, and originally named after King Frederick of Denmark and Norway. In 1939 it changed to the name it has now.

The university has faculties of (Lutheran) Theology, Law, Medicine, Humanities, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Dentistry, Social Sciences, and Education. The Faculty of Law is still located at the old campus on Karl Johans gate, near the National Theatre, the Royal Palace, and the Parliament. Most of the other faculties are at a modern campus area called Blindern. The Faculty of Medicine is split between several university hospitals in the Oslo area.

In 2019, the university had 30,505 students and employed 6,595 people.[*dated info*]
The ***Pumpkin*** is a 2002 romantic comedy and drama movie. Anthony Abrams and Adam Larson Broder are the directors of this romantic comedy movie.

Plot
----

Carolyn McDuffy (played by Christina Ricci is a college senior beginning her final year for studies at a Southern California university. She helps sorority groups win a wanted and cherished award when joining in training some intellectually held back or otherwise disabled young adults for the Challenged Games (fictional version of the Special Olympics).

Carolyn is paired under Jesse "Pumpkin" Romanoff. The latter is an intellectually held up and physically disabled kind man. He is kind with her. He begins an affection with Carolyn and vice versa. Jesse is genuine unlike her current boyfriend Kent Woodlands.

Carolyn undergoes backlash and hate/contempt about her relationship by her friends and family members. That includes Pumpkin's own mother Judy. The mother walks into her son's bedroom and learns Carolyn and Pumpkin might have become sexually involved.

Judy (Pumpkin's mother) accuses Carolyn of rape against her son. Judy then says she (Carolyn) hasn't any idea what the latter did to him. She (Judy) later calls Carolyn's college and that leads to Carolyn being expelled from her sorority and her university. Carolyn tries killing herself by taking pills but then vomits them back up.

Cast
----

* Christina Ricci as Carolyn McDuffy
* Hank Harris as Jesse "Pumpkin" Romanoff
* Brenda Blethyn as Judy Romanoff
* Dominique Swain as Jeanine Kryszinsky
* Marisa Coughlan as Julie Thurber
* Sam Ball as Kent Woodlands
* Harry J. Lennix as Robert Meary
* Nina Foch as Betsy Collander
* Michelle Krusiec as Anne Chung
* Melissa McCarthy as Cici Pinkus
* Caroline Aaron as Claudia Prinsinger
* Lisa Banes as Chippy McDuffy
* Julio Oscar Mechoso as Dr. Frederico Cruz
* Phil Reeves as Burt Wohlfert
* Marisa Parker aka Marisa Petroro as Courtney Burke
* Tait Smith as Hansie Prinsinger
* Michael Bacall as Casey Whitner
* Amy Adams as Alex

Reception
---------

Roger Ebert gave a positive review to the movie. But the Rotten Tomatoes did almost the opposite saying that *Pumpkin* had messy premises to its genre.
This article is about the superhero team from Marvel Comics. For the team from the Marvel Cinematic Universe, see Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe).
Cosplayers dressed up as the members of the Avengers.
The **Avengers** is a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, who are one of the many teams part of Earth's defense, protecting the world from extraterrestrial and supernatural threats. They were created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, and made its debut in *The Avengers* #1 (September 1963). Labeled ''Earth's Mighties Heroes'', the original Avengers consisted of Iron Man, Ant-Man, Hulk, Thor and the Wasp. Captain America was discovered trapped in ice in issue #4, and joined the group after they revived him.

Other characters have later joined the team, such as Spider-Man, Hawkeye, Black Widow, Quicksilver, Scarlet Witch, Black Panther, Vision, She-Hulk, Hercules, Wolverine, and Captain Marvel.

They also appear in many television series and movies, most of them set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).

Related pages
-------------

* Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
A severe case
**Pectus excavatum** is a congenital medical condition where the ribs and sternum grow abnormally, producing a sunken appearance to the chest. This makes the chest look like it has caved in on itself. It is also commonly referred to as "funnel chest" or "chest bowl". It is the most common form of pectus deformity, occurring in approximately 1 in 300-400 births, with a 3:1 male predominance ratio. While Pectus Excavatum occurs at birth, it often does not develop properly until early adolescence when growth is more rapid.

Causes
------

Doctors do not know why some people have the dent. They think it might be caused by a bad gene from the parent. It is also linked to syndromes (illnesses) that affect other parts of the body.

### Numbers

Pectus excavatum happens in about 1 in every 300-400 children, with the 75% majority of cases being male.

Non-invasive treatment
----------------------

### Suction Cup

 A vacuum bell
A vacuum bell, also called a suction cup, can be used to fix pectus excavatum. The cup is placed on the chest and all the air is removed: this pulls up the chest. This non-invasive procedure shows promise to be a permanent cure for pectus excavatum. Treatment must continue for two years after the appearance of correction is made.

Surgery
-------

The dent can be fixed by a doctor. The following are alternate surgical ways of fixing the chest:

### Nuss Procedure

An x-ray picture
The Nuss Prodcedure was created by Doctor Nuss from Norfolk in Virginia. A metal bar is put into the chest; the bar holds the chest up.

### Ravitch

The Ravitch technique is from the 1950s. It involves cutting out part of the chest, placing a bar in the chest, and having the bone grow back. Most doctors do not use the Ravitch because it causes much blood loss.
**Alice Childress** (October 12, 1916 – August 14, 1994) was an American actress, novelist and playwright. She was called "the only African American woman to have written, produced and published plays for four decades."

Childress was later involved in social causes. She formed an off-Broadway union for actors.

When Childress' stage play *Trouble in Mind* was produced at Stella Holt's Greenwich Mews Theatre in 1955, it won an Obie Award for best Off-Broadway play in the 1955-56 season. That made Childress the first African American woman to win the honor.

Her next dramatic work, *Wedding Band: A Love/Hate Story in Black and White*, was completed in 1962. Its setting was South Carolina during World War I. It dealt with a forbidden and interracial love affair. For the scandalous nature of the show and the major realism it had, it was impossible for Childress to get any theater in New York City to stage the play. It wasn't until 1972 that it played in New York at the New York Shakespeare Festival. It was later filmed and shown on television, although many stations didn't want to play it.

Childress was born in Charleston, South Carolina. She later moved to New York. She died there of cancer at age 77.
"Peter & Lois' Wedding" is the sixth episode of the thirty-first season American animated television series Family Guy. Written by Mark Hentemann and directed by Joe Vaux, originally aired on on November 10, 2019, Fox In the episode, Peter and Lois tell the kids the story of how they met and fell in love. Guest Voices on Mike Judge as Beavis and Butt-Head

Plot
----

When the Wi-Fi goes out in the Griffin house, to keep the family entertained, Peter and Lois decide to tell the kids the story of how they met and fell in love in the '90s.

After graduating, Peter and his friends all move to the big city. But even after a break up with Lois, he still carries a torch for her. He works up the nerve to propose to her but finds that she's already engaged to Tom Tucker at the urging of her father. Peter makes a mix tape to win her back, but when things look settled, Carter plots to set Peter up.

Sending everyone to the MTV Beach House, Carter pays Daisy Fuentes to catch Peter in a compromising position, which infuriates Lois when she sees it. Following yet another breakup, Peter and his friends go into business and become tech entrepreneurs, but Peter still can't get over Lois. He interrupts her wedding to Tom Tucker to tell her he still loves her. She still refuses his advances, believing that he kissed Daisy. However, the latter informs her that she kissed Peter on Carter's orders, reconnecting the pair. They elope and are married at Fenway Park, despite some second thoughts from Lois who is already pregnant with Meg.
Many metals, particularly heavy metals are toxic, but some heavy metals are essential, and some, such as bismuth, have a low toxicity. Most often the definition of toxic metals includes at least cadmium, manganese, lead, mercury

* CadmiumCadmium
* ManganeseManganese

and the radioactive metals.These are quite harmful and hazardous.

Harmful effects of metals:

The main threats to human health from heavy metals are associated with exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. These metals have been extensively studied and their effects on human health regularly reviewed by international bodies such as the WHO. Heavy metals have been used by humans for thousands of years.

Heavy Metal Poisoning

Heavy metal poisoning is the accumulation of heavy metals, in toxic amounts, in the soft tissues of the body. ... The heavy metals most commonly associated with poisoning of humans are lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium.

How do you know if you have heavy metals in your body?

1. diarrhea.
2. nausea.
3. abdominal pain.
4. vomiting.
5. shortness of breath.
6. tingling in your hands and feet.
7. chills.
8. weakness. Note- It is not necessary that all people who have these problems must be having heavy metal poisoning.
Joachim Peiper (1943)
**Joachim Peiper**, (30 January 1915 in Berlin – 14 July 1976 in Traves, Haute-Saône), also known as **Jochen Peiper**, was a LSSAH military officer of Nazi Germany during World War II. 

He was a field officer of the Waffen-SS (he had the rank of SS-Standartenführer der Waffen-SS, comparable with the rank of colonel). He was personal adjutant to the commander of the Schutzstaffel (SS), Heinrich Himmler. He held this position between November 1940 and August 1941. Peiper fought on both the Eastern Front against the Red Army and the Western Front against the Western Allies. He won the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords for bravery on the battlefield and his leadership skills. By 1945, he was in command of a regiment of the Waffen-SS. He was the Waffen-SS's youngest regimental colonel.

Peiper was convicted of war crimes committed in Belgium. He was imprisoned for almost 12 years. He was also accused of war crimes in Italy. However, Italian and German courts decided that there was not enough evidence. After his release from prison, Peiper worked for both Porsche and Volkswagen. He then moved to France. In France he translated books from English to German under the pseudonym **Rainer Buschmann**. Peiper was murdered in France in July 1976. He was shot by unknown people who then burned his house to the ground using Molotov cocktails.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Joachim Peiper at Wikimedia Commons
**John Birchman Saldivar** is a Belizean politician. A member of the United Democratic Party (UDP), Saldivar is currently serving as the Minister of National Security and Defence since 8 March 2012. He is also the Member of Parliament (MP) for Belmopan constituency in the House of Representatives (Belize) since it’s creation on 7 February 2008. He was previously Area Representative for Cayo South from 29 October 2003 to 7 February 2008.

Early life
----------

John Birchman Saldivar was born in 1967 in Belmopan, then known as British Honduras. He is a current Resident of Belmopan and has lived there since Birth.

Electoral history
-----------------

Saldivar first joined the UDP in 1993 and officially entered Electoral politics in 1997 after he submitted his Nomination to be endorsed as the new UDP Standard Bareer for Cayo South constituency in a convention and election. The former Standard-Bareer, Melvin Hulse Sr. was thought to contest the Convention (meeting), but declined the offer and resigned from the UDP to join the National Alliance for Belizean Rights (NABR). Leaving Saldivar to be endorsed. Saldivar went on to face PUP Standard-Bareer, Agripino Cawich. Both Saldivar and Cawich were political newcomers. The PUP was at the helm of Cayo South for over 3 decades. So Saldivar knew that defeating Cawich would not be easy, despite the lack of his political Experience.