recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Diagram of the use of a first-class lever (blue) on a *fulcrum* (brown)
A **lever** is a simple machine. It is something that can be used in a lot of ways. One way is by measuring things, or by seeing which weighs more. A lever is supported by a fulcrum which it uses to lifts weights. It is one of six simple machines. There are three types of levers: first-class, second-class and third-class.

Early
-----

The earliest remaining writings about levers are from the 3rd century BC. They were written by Archimedes. "*Give me a place to stand, and I shall move the earth.*" is a famous quote from Archimedes who stated the correct mathematical principle of levers (quoted by Pappus of Alexandria).

Types of levers
---------------

There are three kinds of levers. The difference between them is where the fulcrum is and where the forces are acting.

### First class

A first-class lever
A first-class lever is a lever where the fulcrum is in between the effort and resistance (the load). Seesaws and crowbars are examples of first class levers.

### Second class

A second-class lever is where the resistance is between the effort and the fulcrum. Wheel barrows and wrenches are examples of second class levers.

### Third class

A third class lever is where the effort is between the resistance and the fulcrum. Staplers and your forearm are examples of third class levers.
A **virtual ward** is a way of giving support to people in their own homes who might have been in hospital. The idea in England was started in Croydon in 2006. It won four prizes at the 2006 Health Service Journal Awards

Sometimes this is done to keep people out of hospital, and sometimes to get them out. 

There is regular communication with nurses and doctors, some by telephone and some electronic. They will check the persons measurements so they can see if they are getting better or worse. Patients are reviewed daily and the ‘ward round’ may involve a home visit or take place through video technology. 

NHS England said in April 2022 it wanted to have at least 40 virtual beds per 100,000 population by December 2023.

The COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom caused huge pressure on hospitals. Remote patient monitoring using pulse oximeters meant that Covid patients could be kept out of hospital. The oximeter readings went into an app which analysed them in case medical attention was required. More virtual wards for other problems were started. In December 2022 there were about 10,000 patients treated in these "virtual" beds. In October 2023 it was agreed to expand the services for people suffering from heart failure.
Price during an interview in January 2019
**Kelly Price** (born April 4, 1973 in Queens, New York City) is an American contemporary R&B, gospel and soul singer. She started her singing career in 1992. Price was on several hit singles by other R&B, hip hop and soul artists. The include "Mo Money Mo Problems" by The Notorious B.I.G. "Fantasy" by Mariah Carey and "Feel So Good" by Mase.

Price released her first studio album *Soul of a Woman* in August 1998. The record had the hit single "Friend of Mine". The song remix, also on the album, had singers R. Kelly and Ronald Isley. Both the original and remix versions were #1 on the United States Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. "Friend of Mine" received the Soul Train Music Award for the Best New Artist.

Price released her second studio album, *Mirror Mirror*, in June 2000 under the Def Soul area of Def Jam Records. The second record had the songs "You Should've Told Me" and "As We Lay" (her cover of the 1986 hit by Shirley Murdock). A Christmas record, *One Family*, was released just before Thanksgiving 2001.

In 2006, Price recorded the song "Why?" for the soundtrack of the 2007 comedy-drama movie *Why Did I Get Married?*.

Kelly's breast cancer work
--------------------------

Price's mother and mother-in-law were diagnosed with breast cancer in late 1998. The earlier later died of the condition. The latter was given two months to live after her diagnosis. However, the mother of Kelly Price, Claudia Price-North, survived the breast cancer. Price-North was treated with chemotherapy. The cancer went into in complete remission by October 2006. Almost fourteen years later, Price-North died from unknown causes at age 69.

Discography
-----------

Studio albums
* *Soul of a Woman* (1998)
* *Mirror Mirror* (2000)
* *One Family: A Christmas Album* (2001)
* *Priceless* (2003)
* *This Is Who I Am* (2006)
* *Kelly* (2011)
* *Sing Pray Love, Vol. 1: Sing* (2014)
* *Grace* (2021)
**Total S.A.** is a French multinational integrated oil and gas company and one of the seven "Supermajor" oil companies in the world. Its businesses cover the entire oil and gas chain, from crude oil and natural gas exploration and production to power generation, transportation, refining, petroleum product marketing, and international crude oil and product trading.

Total is also a large scale chemicals manufacturer. Total is a major player in low-carbon energies.

Total has its head office in the Tour Total in La Défense district in Courbevoie, west of Paris. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index.

**Elf Aquitaine** was a French oil company. They merged with **TotalFina** to form **TotalFinaElf**. The new company changed its name to Total in 2003. The name Elf has been kept as a brand of Total.

History
-------

Elf Aquitaine's came from three French oil companies: Régie Autonome des Pétroles (RAP), Société Nationale des Pétroles d'Aquitaine (SNPA), and Bureau de Recherches de Pétroles (BRP). The three companies were formed after the discovery of a gas field in Saint-Marcet in the Aquitaine region of south-western France. In December 1965 RAP and BRP merged to form **Entreprise de Recherches et d'Activités Pétrolières** (ERAP).

On April 28, 1967 the company's different brand names and products were combined under the Elf brand. Elf stood for Essence Lubricants France. In 1976 Elf-ERAP merged with Antar Pétroles de l'Atlantique and became **Société Nationale Elf Aquitaine** (SNEA). Later it became known as **Elf Aquitaine**. Elf Aquitaine was listed on the NYSE in 1991. In 2000 Elf Aquitaine merged with Total Fina to form TotalFinaElf. In 2003, the name was changed to Total.

Fraud scandal
-------------

The Elf scandal came to light in 1994 in France. According to *The Guardian*, it was 'the biggest fraud inquiry in Europe since the Second World War... Elf became a private bank for executives who spent £200 million on political favors, mistresses, jewellery, fine art, villas and apartments'. Iraqi-born Nadhmi Auchi, received a 15-month suspended sentence and a £1.5m fine for his involvement taking illegal commissions.

Motorsport
----------

Renault RS10 Formula One car in 1979
From its beginnings, Elf used motor racing as a means of promotion. It had four-year deal with Matra starting in the French Formula 3 series. In 1969 the combination won the Formula One World Championship with Tyrrell and Jackie Stewart. By this time, Elf was owned by the French government. They began a new long-term relationship with Renault, which was also owned by the French government at the time. The Renault F1 racing cars carried Elf sponsorship until 2009. The Elf logos were replaced with Total logos.
***Fahrenheit 451*** is an American dystopian fiction novel. It was written by Ray Bradbury and first published in 1953.

The novel is about a future American society in which people are hedonistic (meaning they live only for pleasure), and reading is against the law because it makes them think. The main character, Guy Montag, has a job as a "fireman" (which, in this future, means "book burner"). The number "451" refers to the temperature (in Fahrenheit) at which the books burn when the "firemen" burn them "for the good of humanity". Written in the early years of the Cold War, the novel is a critique of what Bradbury saw as an increasingly dysfunctional American society.

The idea began with Bradbury's short story "Bright Phoenix," written in 1947 but first published in the *Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction* in 1963. The original short story was reworked into the novella, *The Fireman*, and published in the February 1951 issue of *Galaxy Science Fiction*. The novel was also serialized in the March, April, and May 1954 issues of *Playboy* magazine. Bradbury wrote the entire novel on a pay typewriter in the basement of UCLA's Powell library. His original idea in writing *Fahrenheit 451* was to show his great love for books and libraries. He has often referred to Montag as an allusion to himself.

Over the years, the novel has been subject to various interpretations, primarily focusing on the historical role of book burning in suppressing dissenting ideas. Bradbury has said that the novel is not about censorship; he says that *Fahrenheit 451* is a story about how television destroys interest in reading literature, which leads to people thinking that knowledge is made up of "factoids", partial information without context, such as Napoleon's birth date alone, without an indication of who he was.

A movie version of the novel was released in 1966, and at least two BBC Radio 4 dramatizations have also been aired, both of which follow the book very closely.
**"Tancas serradas a muru"** (Sardinian language; "Tancas closed with wall") is a traditional Sardinian folk.
The verses had been composed by the blind poet Melchiorre Murenu, shortly after the entry into force of the *Editto delle chiudende*, a legislative provision issued on October 6, 1820. This act authorized the fencing of de facto common land, but subject to collective use, thus expanding the scope of enjoyment of the properties.
These verses have become a folk song. 
The  *piece*  was very popular on the island and was performed by the various choirs in the manner of canto a tenore. The first choir that recorded it was the *Coro Supramonte* of Orgosolo which, finally, released it in 1974 on an LP for Fonit Cetra.
In 1964 the piece was rewritten by Luciano Berio (and included in the collection Folk Songs) for voice (mezzo-soprano),flute, clarinet, harp, percussion, viola and cello.

Original Text
-------------

*Tancas serradas a muru,  

Fattas a s’afferra afferra,  

Si su chelu fit in terra,  

che l’aian serradu puru.*

Literal English Translation
---------------------------

*Enclosures closed with walls,*
*made by the grabbers;*
*if heaven were on earth,*
*they would have fenced that too.*

Other versions
--------------

* 1984, Maria Carta, in the album *Sonos 'e memoria*
* 1988, Bertas in the LP *Unu mundu bellissimu*
* 2005, with the title *Tancas Serradas A Muru (Walls Are Encircling The Land)*, Osvaldo Golijov in the CD *Ayre*, with Dawn Upshaw & The Andalucian Dogs, Deutsche Grammophon GmbH, Hamburg
***Journalists*** (Russian: Журналюги) is a thriller novel by Russian writer Sergei Aman, published in 2013.

Plot
----

The book covers the time period from the eighties of the last century and to the tenth years of the present century. The novel begins with a bomb eruption at a newspaper "Moskovskij Bogomolets" (Moscow Believer). In result a famous Moscow journalist was killed.

The main character of the novel is a journalist Sergei Ogloedov from this newspaper. The newspaper is very similar to the famous "Moskovskij Komsomolets". 
All fifteen parts of the novel devoted to newspaper journalists. Each of them has a real prototype, which are current and former employees of the Editorial staff of "Moskovskij Komsomolets" — Dmitry Kholodov, Andrei Lapik, Vadim Poegli, Andrey Yahontov, Peter Spectr, Andrei Gusev, Natalya Zhuravleva, Elena Vasiluhina and others, including the Chief Editor Pavel Gusev. They all connected with the main character — Sergey Ogloedov, in which the author described himself. 
The novel describes real events. Journalists are saints and sinners in these events.

Other websites
--------------

* *Journalists* («Журналюги») in Lady’s Club  (in Russian)
* Сергей Аман «Журналюги». Роман/ М. «Зебра Е», 2013. — 224 с. ISBN 978-5-905629-31-0
Siccar Point, eroded gently sloping Devonian Old Red Sandstone layers forming capping over conglomerate layer and older vertically bedded Silurian greywacke rocks.
Red sandstone
**Sandstone** is a sedimentary rock. It is a rock made of compacted sand. Sand is small grains of rocks and minerals (such as quartz and feldspar). These are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust.

Sandstone which is resistant to weathering is used for building in many countries. It can be a hard rock. For example, paving slabs can be made out of hard sandstone. 

Sandstone is converted into quartzite through heating and pressure. This happens when rocks are squeezed and heated under a mountain chain.

Sandstone is most likely to be deposited from fast pacing water such as rivers.

Origin
------

Sandstone forms in two stages. First, layers of sand build up as sediment, either from water or from air (as in a desert). 

Then sand particles are compacted by pressure of overlying deposits, and cemented ('glued' together). The 'cement' is either calcite (calcium carbonate), quartz (silica), or clay. Iron oxide often makes sandstone a reddish color.

Related pages
-------------

* Old Red Sandstone was laid down in marine conditions. It is a sort of dirty dark red. Devonian period.
* New Red Sandstone was laid down in desert conditions. It is a rock which is fairly bright orange-red in color. Permian period.
Joseph Smith, Jr.
**Joseph Smith, Jr.** (December 23, 1805 – June 27, 1844) was an American religious leader. He started the Latter Day Saint movement (also called Mormonism). Latter Day Saints believe that Smith was a prophet.

Book of Mormon
--------------

When Joseph Smith was 17 years old, an angel named Moroni. appeared to him one night and told him about a hidden record containing the sacred history of an ancient American civilization.

Joseph Smith married Emma Hale in 1827, and shortly thereafter the angelic messenger entrusted Joseph with the records written on gold plates. Included with the gold plates was a Urim and Thummim to aid in the translation of the Book of Mormon. God provided a Urim and Thummim to His prophets in ancient times (see Exodus 28:30; 1 Samuel 28:6; Ezra 2:63).

When the Book of Mormon was almost finished, the Lord instructed Joseph Smith to formally organize a church. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, was established on April 6, 1830. Joseph published the Book of Mormon, which is a compilation of ancient scripture and is comparable to the Bible.

Mormon Church
-------------

On April 6, 1830, he started The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It is often called the Mormon Church. Joseph Smith said that God wanted him to be a prophet and teach other people the things that he learned from God. This church still exists today, with millions of members around the world.

Joseph Smith taught some things that some people did not like. He said that other churches were only partly true. He also said that men could have more than one wife if God commanded them, just like was taught in the Old Testament of the Bible. The Mormons also did not always get along with their neighbors.

Death
-----

On June 7, 1844, some people who were upset with Smith created a newspaper in Nauvoo, Illinois called the *Nauvoo Expositor* This newspaper was filled with bad things about Smith, such as how Smith secretly had many wives. Some men even said that Smith tried to take their wives. Smith and the Nauvoo city council were afraid the newspaper would encourage non-Mormons to attack the city, so they ordered that the printing press should be destroyed and declared martial law. Smith was arrested after being accused of trying to start a riot, and was put in jail in Carthage, Illinois. On June 27, before the trial could start, a mob of angry men entered the jail and killed Smith and his brother, Hyrum.
**Rossana Di Bello** (28 August 1956 – 10 April 2021) was an Italian politician. She was mayor of Taranto from 2000 to 2006.

Biography
---------

Di Bello was of socialist extraction. In 1993, she founded the first Apulian club of Forza Italia in Taranto of which she became president in the same year. In 1995, she was elected Regional Councilor, and later appointed Regional Councilor for Tourism and Cultural Heritage, a position she held until 1998, when she was assigned the Regional Councilorship for Industry, Commerce and Crafts.

On 30 April 2000, Di Bello was elected mayor of Taranto with 57.5% of the votes in the ballot round. After Adriana Poli Bortone (mayor of Lecce in 1998), Rossana Di Bello is the second female mayor in Apulia, the first female mayor in the history of the city. She was reelected on 3 April 2005, obtaining 57.8% of the votes in the first round. On 18 February 2006, following the first degree sentence of one year and four months for abuse of office and false ideology in the investigation into the entrustment of the management of the city incinerator to the company Termomeccanica, she resigned from the office of mayor. She is then acquitted on appeal of all charges.

The extraordinary commissioner Tommaso Blonda, appointed in her place, declared the financial distress of the Municipality of Taranto. On 18 October, the Ionian city recorded a liability of 357 million euros. On 21 November 2006, the deputy prosecutor of the Court of Taranto asked for the indictment of the former mayor Rossana Di Bello and of other 32 people including former administrators and officials of the capital, accused in various ways of false ideological in public deed in relation to the draft and the approval of municipal budgets in the years from 2001 to 2005.

On 7 March 2007, Di Bello received another guarantee notice from the deputy public prosecutor Maurizio Carbone for abuse of office and fraud in the context of an investigation into the extension of municipal contracts. On 1 March 2011, she was acquitted by the court of Taranto for the crime of abuse of office and fraud on the procurement investigation that she was accused of due to lack of evidence.

Death
-----

Di Bello, who was married and had a daughter, died of COVID-19 on 10 April 2021 at the age of 64 in Taranto during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.
***On the Edge of Magellanic Clouds*** (Russian: На краю Магеллановых облаков) is a fiction book, published in 1998. It includes three stories: "On the Edge of Magellanic Clouds" by Andrei Gusev, "Nights after" (Russian: Ночи вослед) by Sergei Aman and "Silent abode" (Russian: Тихая обитель) by Oleg Birukov. These are stories from Russian life at the end of the 20th century.

Plot
----

The story *"On the Edge of Magellanic Clouds"* is, at first look, realism. The Medvedev couple lived together for a considerable part of their lives before perestroika. But in the last decade of the 20th century, the way of life in Russia is changing. Capitalism comes instead of socialism. Yulia, the wife of the journalist Andrei Medvedev, wants well-being in life. She decides that they need to start a radio station. All her thoughts are on it. The radio station will be ready to broadcast soon. 
However, these plans are a figment of her imagination. A strong desire for enrichment makes her mind bifurcated. Her husband Andrei tells about this in the second part of the story. The narrative is similar to tragic realism. However, here the author's voice turns on, again turning the content over. And the story becomes surreal. This twist makes readers think.

*"Nights after"* is a little love story. The guy Sergey from the provinces falls in love with the Moscow girl Natasha. She came on vacation to her grandmother in the village. They meet at night on the river bank. He bathes naked. She does not see him in the dark and also strips naked. An uncomfortable situation develops, but as a result they begin to be friends.
However, village hooligans rape Natasha, and they stab him. He ends up in the hospital, and she leaves for Moscow. And after his recovery, he has only a sad memory of this unfinished love.

The story *"Silent abode"* describes the life of ambulance workers in the province. Young Muscovite Anatoly Kiselyov comes there to practice. Doctors are often called to patients. Doctors get into both tragic and funny situations. Stories about them make up the story.

Literary features
-----------------

"On the Edge of Magellanic Clouds" is a book with a non-linear storyline. The book covers the time period of earlier nineties of the last century. Some parts of the stories in this book have a mystical component.

Other websites
--------------

* Russian Wikiquote has the article  *На краю Магеллановых облаков* *(On the Edge of Magellanic Clouds).*
*Esox lucius*, the Northern Pike
The **northern pike** (*Esox lucius*), is a species of freshwater fish. It has a number of nicknames such as 'Northern', 'Great northern pike', 'Pike', and 'Jack'. Its name literally means 'water wolf'. The northern pike is a freshwater game fish and the second largest member of the Esox (Pike) family. It is also that family's namesake. In North America they are native to Alaska, Canada and the Upper Midwestern United States. Their natural range also includes Northern Europe and Asia. They are a cold water fish and do best in deep lakes. Northerns are voracious feeders that require large supplies of fish for steady growth. If they are overpopulated in a body of water their growth rate is often stunted.

Physical description
--------------------

Northern pike and Muskellunge look very similar and are sometimes confused. The Northern has light colored markings on a dark body (the opposite of the Musky). Also the Northern has a rounded tail fins while the Musky's are pointed. The northern has a long body. It has a large number of very sharp teeth. The northern is the only member of the pike family with spots on its side that are lighter than the body color. Another difference is they have five or less pores under the jaw; muskies have six or more.

Habitat and forage
------------------

Northern pike are frequently found in very shallow water. They prefer weeds and are often found near fallen logs. In the early spring Northerns move to very shallow water. They often spawn in weedy marshes. As the weather warms up, Northerns move to deeper water close to the edges of weed beds.

Northerns eat other fish: they eat a lot of other fish. They control other fish species from becoming overpopulated. They feed on whatever is easiest to catch. They wait in ambush and can rush forward with tremendous speed.

Other websites
--------------

* A Basic Guide to Catching Northern Pike
* Invasive Pike in Southcentral Alaska
Transformer
A **transformer** is a device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another, without sharing any wires. This happens because the first circuit creates a magnetic field as its power rises and falls. The energy of the second circuit rises and falls with the first circuit, so there is no change in frequency between them. Transformers are an important part of electrical systems.

Transformers are made in many different sizes, from a very small coupling transformer inside a stage microphone to big units that carry hundreds of MVA used in power grids.

The main reason to use a transformer is to make power of one voltage level into power of another voltage level. High voltage is easier to send a long distance, but less voltage is easier and safer to use in the office or home.
Transformers are used to increase or decrease alternating current (AC) voltage in circuits. The transformer is usually built with two coils around the same core. The primary coil or input coil is connected to supply side while secondary coil supplies power to load. The second one is called the output coil. Energy is transferred from the primary to the secondary by electromagnetism. In power grids many transformers are used. These are networks for delivering electricity from the generator and to the user. 

The transformers in your neighborhood, on electricity poles, or the ones connected to underground wires, usually transform high voltage of 7,200 volts to 220-240 volts of electricity to power lights and appliances such as refrigerators in homes and businesses. Some countries, such as America use different voltages in homes, such as 120 volts. Transformers cannot increase power, so if the voltage is raised, the current is proportionally lowered. If the voltage is lowered, the current is proportionally increased.

Transformers inside electronics equipment provide the kinds of electricity the various parts need. 

There are several basic types of transformers:

* Step-up transformer: the voltage output is greater than the voltage input.
* Step-down transformer: the voltage input is greater than the voltage output.
* Some transformers have the same output voltage as input voltage and are used to electrically isolate two electrical circuits.

Gallery
-------

* Utility pole transformersUtility pole transformers
* Transformer in Melbourne, AustraliaTransformer in Melbourne, Australia
* Distribution transformer in TaiwanDistribution transformer in Taiwan
**Josef Adelbrecht** (8 January 1910 – 15 September 1941) was an Austrian football player at the position of a striker.

Career
------

Josef Adelbrecht began his professional career at Vienna in 1928. The striker won the Austrian Cup (1929, 1930) and the championship (1931, 1933) twice with Döblinger. His greatest success was winning the Mitropacup, the forerunner of today's European Cup, in 1931. In the final Josef Adelbrecht scored a goal to win 2:3 in the first leg in Zurich against Wiener AC. Vienna also won the second leg on the Viennese Hohe Warte. In 1934 Josef Adelbrecht decided to go to France. There he was rarely used at Racing Club de Paris. He left the club in 1935. He then worked in Switzerland at the Grasshopper Club Zurich.

After a year and a half abroad, Josef Adelbrecht returned to Vienna in January 1936. Then he played for FK Austria Wien for a season and a half. In 1937 he moved to SK Rapid Wien. This season he was able to become Austrian champion for the third time with Rapid. In the years that followed, the striker played a few more games for Austro Fiat, Red Star Vienna and Floridsdorfer AC .

Death
-----

In March 1940 he was drafted into the Wehrmacht. On 15 September 1941 he was killed during the invasion of Russia at Ivashkovo, about a hundred kilometers northwest of Moscow.

Honours
-------

* 1 × Mitropa Cup: 1931
* 3 × Austrian Champion: 1931, 1933, 1938
* 2 × Austrian Cup: 1929, 1930
* 3 matches for the Austrian national football team

Other websites
--------------

* Josef Adelbrecht im Rapidarchiv (German)
* Josef Adelbrecht im Austriaarchiv (German)
**Sara Bareilles** pronounced /bəˈrɛlɪs/ (born December 7, 1979) is an American musician, singer-songwriter and pianist. She is well known for her song "Love Song" (2007) and "Gravity" (2007). "Love Song" comes from her first important album, *Little Voice* (2007). "Bottle It Up" (2008) is Bareilles' second single, which also comes from *Little Voice*. Although *Little Voice* is her first popular album, Bareilles released the album *Careful Confessions* in 2004. It is technically her very first album, although it wasn't popular like *Little Voice*. Sara sings in the contralto range, but sometimes can reach to the mezzo-soprano range.

Early life
----------

Bareilles was born and raised in Eureka, California. Her mother is Bonnie Halvorsen (née Capellas), a funeral home worker. Her father is Paul Bareilles, an insurance adjuster. Bareilles has Italian, German, Portuguese, and French descent. Bareilles was raised as a Catholic. She participated in the high school choir, Limited Edition, and local community theater musical productions, including her high school's production of *Little Shop of Horrors* as Audrey.

Career
------

When *Careful Confessions* was released, Bareilles still performed at small concerts, and did not get national recognition. However, she made a music video for her song "Fairytale" in 2005.

*Little Voice* was released July 3, 2007. That summer, iTunes released "Love Song" as a free single of the week. It quickly became popular and gained a lot of airplay.

On October 22, 2013 Bareilles released *Brave Enough: Live at the Variety Playhouse*, her second live album.

In December 2013 *The Blessed Unrest* was nominated for Album of the Year at the 2014 Grammy Awards.

Albums
------

* *Careful Confessions* (2004)
* *Little Voice* (2007)
* *Kaleidoscope Heart* (2010)
* *The Blessed Unrest* (2013)
* *What's inside: Song from Waitress* (2015)
**John Norman Warren**, MBE, OAM (17 May 1943 – 6 November 2004), nicknamed "**Captain Socceroo**", was an Australian soccer player, coach, administrator and broadcaster, as well as a writer.

Early life
----------

Warren grew up in the suburb of Botany in Sydney. He had two older brothers: Geoff and Ross.

Soccer career
-------------

Warren played for three different soccer clubs during his career (two in Australia and one in England), as well as for the Australian national team (nicknamed the "Socceroos") from 1965 until 1974, scoring seven goals. During his managing career, he managed two different clubs (both in Australia).

Personal life, illness and death
--------------------------------

In 1967, Warren married Marion Wilson, but they divorced in 1969. He later married Maryana, who was originally from Uruguay. In 1997, his first wife, Marion, went missing.

For a lot of his life, he smoked a lot. In 2003, he announced that he had lung cancer. A few months later he was awarded the FIFA Centennial Award of Merit by FIFA president Sepp Blatter for his contributions to soccer in Australia.

Warren's last public appearance was when the A-League was launched to replace the National Soccer League (NSL).

In 2003, Warren died at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney. A full state funeral was held for him, making him the first ever Australian sportsperson to have a full state funeral.

Impact
------

Warren is still regarded as one of the most important figures of all time in Australian soccer. He really liked soccer and he worked hard to make the sport more popular in Australia. The Johnny Warren Medal in the A-League (the highest national soccer league in Australia and New Zealand), which is named after him, is awarded to the best A-League player in each season.

### *I told you so!*

Warren was well known for his catchphrase "*I told you so!*".

A few months after Warren died, the Socceroos defeated Uruguay during a penalty shootout and made it to the 2006 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time since 1974 (32 years before 2006) and only the second time in history that Australia made it to the FIFA World Cup. SBS analyst and former Socceroo Craig Foster shouted "Johnny Warren! They've done it!" live on air immediately after Australia won. During the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the phrase "*I told you so!*" appeared on the scoreboard in the backdrop of the SBS World Cup studio.

Since 2006, the quote has become well-known and widely used by soccer fans in Australia, especially at international events such as the FIFA World Cup and the FIFA Women's World Cup. Australia left the Oceanian Football Confedetion (OFC) and joined the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) in 2006 and Australia has qualified for every FIFA World Cup and every FIFA Women's World Cup ever since (as well as having co-hosted the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup with New Zealand).

Books
-----

* *Sheilas, Wogs and Poofters: An Incomplete Biography of Johnny Warren & Soccer in Australia*
The **Mureş** (Romanian, Hungarian: ***Maros***, Latin: *Marisus*, Croatian: *Moriš*, German: *Mieresch*, *Marosch* or *Muresch*, Serbian: Мориш, Муреш) is a river in Eastern Europe. It is 761 kilometres (473 miles) long.

Tributaries
-----------

These rivers are tributaries to the river Mureş:

Left: Pietrosu, Cărbunele Negru, Senetea, Fierăstrăul, Pârâul lui Mihai, Şumuleul Mare, Borzont, Bacta, Limbuş, Pârâul Pietrei, Sineu, Martonca, Gălăuţaş, Găina, Zăpodea, Măgheruş, Păpurel, Mărsinetul de Sus, Mărsinetul de Jos, Gudea, Jincu, Doamna, Iadul, Sălard, Peşcoasa Mare, Iadul, Borzia, Mergiş, Toaderiş, Sebeş, Idicel, Deleni, Gurghiu, Beica, Habic, Petrilaca, Terebici, Cotuş, Pocloş, Niraj, Cerghid, Sărata, Şeulia, Aţântiş, Fărău, Ciunga, Valea Papii, Şesul Băgăului, Valea la Şipot, Valea Dosului, Hopârta, Săcăduş, Bogdanul, Târnava, Hăpria Sebeş, Pianu, Cioara, Cugir, Vaidei, Romoş, Orăştie, Turdaş, Strei, Tâmpa, Cerna Herepeia, Veţel, Vulcez, Leşnic, Săcămaş, Plaiu, Dobra, Abucea, Ohaba, Sălciva, Pojoga, Valea Ghinişului, Peştiş, Căprioara, Somoniţa, Izvor, Corbu, Suliniş, Pârâul Mare, Şiştarovăţ, Sinicuţ, Zădărlac

Right: Mezeş, Otveş, Boteni, Voşlăbeni, Chindeni, Chirtaegher, Valea Strâmba, Şaroş, Belcina, Lăzarea, Ditrău, Faier, Jolotca, Filipea, Sărmaş, Ciucic, Doamna, Topliţa, Călimănel, Duşa, Mermezeu, Zebracu, Tarniţa, Jingu, Neagra, Ilva, Fântânele, Sărăcin, Răstoliţa, Jişa, Gălăoaia, Bistra, Gesele, Valea Sterinoasă, Râpa, Văleni, Săcal, Luţ, Şar, Iceni, Budiu, Cuieşd, Valea Fânaţelor, Şăuşa, Oroiu, Lechinţa, Pârâul de Câmpie, Arieş, Grindu, Unirea, Ciugud, Ormeniş, Mirăslău, Lopadea, Aiud, Herja, Gârbova, Valea Sasului, Geoagiu, Galda, Ampoi, Pârâul cel Mare, Pâclişa, Stăuini, Vinţ, Valea Goblii, Blandiana, Acmariu, Feneş Băcăinţi, Homorod, Geoagiu, Boiu, Bobâlna, Valea lui Sânpătru, Lazu, Vărmaga, Certej, Boholţ, Căian, Bejan, Boz, Sârbi, Băcişoara, Gurasada, Zam, Almaş, Corbeasca, Troaş, Vineşti, Stejar, Juliţa, Grosul, Monoroştia, Bârna, Bârzava, Nadăş, Conop, Cornic, Odvoş, Milova, Jecnova, Şoimoş, Radna, Cladova
A stack of *Things Fall Apart* books
***Things Fall Apart*** is a novel that was written by Chinua Achebe. It came out in 1958. The story talks about life in Nigeria before colonialism and the Europeans came to Africa in the 19th century. The main character in the book is a man named Okonkwo. He is an Igbo man that lives in a fictional clan in Nigeria called Umuofia. There are three main parts of the story. The first part talks about Okonkwo's personal life and the Igbo culture and traditions. The second and third parts talk about the British colonialists and Christian missionaries.

*Things Fall Apart* is a very important book. Many people see it as an archetype (something that other works have been based on) for other African novels. The book has been sold over 20 million times. *Time* magazine said it was one of the best 100 English-language books from 1923 to 2005.

Story
-----

### Part 1

Okonkwo is a wrestling champion and a hardworking man. He was born in a poor family because his father was lazy and was in a lot of debt. This makes him hate his father. He tries to be the opposite of everything his father was.

### Part 2

In this part of the novel, Okonkwo and his family are away. Meanwhile, white men come to Umuofia and introduce their religion, Christianity. Okonkwo's son Nwoye becomes a Christian.

### Part 3

The village destroys the church because a convert disrespected an elder during a ritual. Because of that event, Okonkwo and other leaders go to jail.

Okonkwo kills a messenger. However, the other ones escape. He realizes that the village will not fight back.

Okonkwo kills himself to avoid being tried in court. Suicide is not acceptable to the Igbo and so Okonkwo loses his good name.

Characters
----------

* **Okonkwo** is the main character. He has 3 wives and 10 kids. He tries very hard to not be like his father, who was considered an abomination (a terrible thing) because he died of swelling. However, he ends up as an abomination himself because suicide is not allowed in Igbo culture.
The **British Phonographic Industry** **(BPI)** is the British record industry's trade association. Its membership comprises hundreds of music companies including all four 'major' record companies (Warner Music Group, EMI, Sony BMG, and Universal Music Group), associate members such as manufacturers and distributors, and hundreds of independent music companies representing literally thousands of labels.
It has represented the interests of British record companies since being formally incorporated in 1973 when the principal aim was to fight copyright infringement.

It founded the annual BRIT Awards for the British music industry, as well as the Mercury Prize for the Album of the Year.

Sales certificates
------------------

The British Phonographic Industry awards certificates for music releases in Britain. The level of the award varies depending on the format of the release and the number sold. BPI certificates are not automatic; the record company must pay a fee to the BPI and they carry out an audit into the release in question. Certificates are usually awarded on the basis of the number of units the release has shipped, rather than the number it has sold.

| Format | Status  |
| --- | --- |
| Silver | Gold | Platinum |
| Album | 60,000 | 100,000 | 300,000 |
| Single | 200,000 | 400,000 | 600,000 |
|

Other websites
--------------

* British Phonographic Industry, The
* BPI Radar Archived 2008-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
For the movie made from this novel, see Woman in the Dunes.

***The Woman in the Dunes*** (Japanese: 砂の女, Hepburn: *Suna no Onna*) is a 1962 novel by Japanese writer Kōbō Abe. It won the Yomiuri Prize that year. It was translated into English by E. Dale Saunders in 1964. It also got made into an award-winning movie by Hiroshi Teshigahara.

Plot
----

It is August 1955. A school teacher from Tokyo called Jumpei Niki goes to a fishing village. He is there to collect insects. Jumpei misses the last bus back to Tokyo. Villagers lead him to a house in some dunes. In the house lives a widow. The house also keeps filling up with sand which the woman clears away.

The next day, Jumpei wakes up to find the ladder out of the house gone. To receive water from the villagers, he must live with the widow and dig away the sand. At one point, Jumpei escapes, but is chased down by the villagers.

The pair in the house discover a water reservoir while digging in the sand. Jumpei now has no reason to help dig away the sand, yet at this point, he continues his duty. Jumpei and the widow later become a couple, and the widow gets pregnant and delivers a baby. The ladder is left in the house, but Jumpei does not escape. Jumpei instead thinks about telling the villagers about the reservoir.

Seven years after Jumpei went missing, Jumpei's wife has her husband declared deceased.

Meaning
-------

*The Woman in the Dunes* has been interpreted in many ways. George Mullins sees the lack of named characters as a way for the story to take a universal quality. He also says that the story is a metaphor for modern Japanese employment.

In his introduction of the novel, writer David Mitchell interprets the villagers as being *burakumin.* He sees the villager's actions as a logical reaction to the government abandoning them. They punish Jumpei with hard labor as the villagers believe he is part of the system that abandoned them.

Reception
---------

The novel was well-received in Japan and abroad. Yukio Mishima and Jirō Osaragi have both praised the novel. In his review, Mullins describes the novel as thought-provoking. It won the Yomiuri Prize in 1962.
The badlands which make access do difficult
The **Dinosaur Park Formation** is a group of rock layers in Alberta, Canada. It contains many fossils from the "Age of Dinosaurs", the Upper Cretaceous.

The uppermost member of the Belly River Group (or Judith River Group), is a major geologic unit in southern Alberta. It was deposited during the Campanian stage of the later Cretaceous, between about 76.9 and 75.8 million years ago. It was deposited in alluvial and coastal plain environments. There, a fast-flowing river spread out over a flat plain. At this time, the continents were still quite close together, and tropical climates were usual.

These rocks have a nonmarine Oldman Formation below and the marine (saltwater) Bearpaw Formation above. So they were low-lying and often submerged.

The Dinosaur Park Formation contains dense concentrations of dinosaur skeletons, both articulated and disarticulated. They are often found with preserved remains of soft tissues. Remains of other animals such as fish, turtles, and crocodilians, and plants, are also abundant. The formation has been named after Dinosaur Provincial Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site where the formation is well exposed in the badlands that flank the Red Deer River.

Herbivorous dinosaurs eating vegetation

Related pages
-------------

* Dinosaur Provincial Park
**Leopold Drucker** (22 February 1903 - 25 February 1988 ) was an Austrian football player.

Career
------

Leopold Drucker began his career in the youth team of the then second-league club SC Hakoah Wien. He made his first match in the first team of Hakoah, which had just been promoted to the top division, in December 1920. He scored a goal on his debut. Drucker was only used very sporadically in the first team and mostly played in the reserves. After the signing of the Hungarian international Béla Guttmann, Drucker played from 1923 on for Floridsdorfer AC. Drucker became a regular player and was mostly in the starting line-up in the 1925/26 first division season. During this season, Drucker was called up to the Vienna city team twice and was used against Krakow in September 1925 and against Preßburg in March 1926.

Leopold Drucker's former club Hakoah prepared their first trip to America in the spring of 1926 and wanted to send a strong squad to America. Since the original intention of signing Kálmán Konrád on loan from the Amateur SV could not be realized, Drucker was brought back from the FAC. The tour was a success and led to a number of Hakoah players - including Drucker - being offered contracts by US clubs. Drucker accepted the Brooklyn Wanderers' offer and moved to New York.

Drucker played two seasons for the Wanderers in the ASL before some clubs split off in 1928 and founded the rival league ESL. Drucker moved to the newly founded New York Hakoah. He stayed with the club even after the merger of ESL and ASL. In total, Drucker played 136 games in the ASL.

In 1931 Leopold Drucker returned to Hakoah. In July 1932 he was called up to the Austrian national team for the first time and played in the 4-3 win against Sweden in Stockholm. Leopold Drucker was the only Hakoah player to play for the national team during the Wunderteam era.

In 1933 Drucker left Hakoah for the third time and went to Olympique Marseille. In the 1933/34 season, Drucker played 16 league games for Marseille and reached the final of the national cup, which was lost 1-2 against FC Sète.

After the end of this season he moved to Malta and worked as a player and coach at Floriana FC, St. George's FC and FC Melita. After the outbreak of World War II he moved to to Palestine in 1940, where he worked as a player and coach in Jerusalem. After the end of the war he moved to New York.
**Leopold Gernhardt** (16 March 1920 – 18 April 2013) was an Austrian football player and coach.

Career
------

Gernhardt began playing football at ASK Graphia. He was taken by his friend Hermann Dvoracek to a training session of Rapid's youngsters. There he caught the eye of coach Leopold Nitsch and soon changed clubs. He made his debut in the squad in September 1939. In his first two seasons he made only five appearances, but slipped into the first team in the final round of the German championship due to an injury to regular middle half Johann Hofstätter. Gernhardt played all other games of the competition and reached the final against FC Schalke 04 with Hütteldorfer. There he saved a ball on the goal line when the score was 1–3 and was finally able to celebrate a 4–3 victory with his team.

He played regularly for the team from that point on. In the first post-war season he won the double with Rapid. He became team captain. He won four more championship titles before he ended his active career in 1954.

International
-------------

Gernhardt debuted in the national team in August 1945 in the first international match after the end of the war against Hungary. In the summer of 1948 he was part of the squad for the Olympic Games, but did not play in the Austrians' only competitive game. His last game was a 2-0 win over Belgium in March 1952.He played 27 matches for Austria.

Managing career
---------------

When the contract with the coach Viktor Hierländer ended in the spring of 1955, he took over the coaching position on an interim basis until the end of the season. In the fall of 1955 he left Rapid.

After being coach of SC Wacker Wien for a short time in 1958, Gernhardt took over the coaching post at Vienna in September 1960 for two seasons. This was followed by coaching positions at FC Lustenau 07 in the 1962–63 season and at SK Austria Klagenfurt in the 1963–64 season.

In 1965 Gernhardt became part of the support team of the Österreichischer Fußballbund, where he was responsible for the youth selections, and became assistant coach of the national team under Leopold Šťastný. After that he continued to work for the ÖFB.

Honours
-------

* 7 × Austrian Champion: 1940, 1941, 1946, 1948, 1951, 1952, 1954
* 1 × Austrian Cup: 1946
* 1 × German Champion: 1941
* 27 matches for Austria
Josef Haist 1914
**Josef Haist** (31 December 1894 in Vienna, † 21 January 1950 in Vienna) was an Austrian football player and coach. He played for Vienna AF from 1912 to 1919. He also played for the Austrian national team. He worked as a trainer for various clubs.

Career
------

At the age of 15 he joined Normannia. From there he went to Neptune. At the age of 17 he became a member of the Wiener AF. After two years he suffered a broken leg, which forced him to take a long break. Then came the First World War. Between 1914 and 1917 he played five times for the Austrian national team, when he was back from the Russian front. Another broken leg in 1917 was the end of his time as a player.

Manager
-------

He began his time as a coach at WAF. He led them to the Austrian Cup win with a 2-1 final victory over the Wiener Amateur SV.

After the decline of the WAF, he coached Sturm Graz. He was the first full-time coach in the club's history. Occasionally he also played for Sturm. In 1926/27 he took over the Brigittenauer AC, which he led to runners-up. From 1927 to 1930 he worked for SC Brühl in Switzerland. In February 1930 he took over the Grazer AK. At the same time he also trained the Grazer Hakoah.

In January 1934 he followed Karl Kurz at FC Basel, where he remained until the middle of the year. After he coached the Slovakian club Trenčín, he took over a club in Eskilstuna in Sweden for two years. In January 1938 he went to the Swiss second division club FC Winterthur. In April 1941 he became coach of Admira Vienna. In July 1947 Haist was hired by the Styrian Football Association as an association coach.

From 1939 on Haist also worked as a gymnastics and sports teacher at a high school in Vienna.

Honours
-------

* **as player**

* Austrian champion:1914
* Austrian champion runners-up:1913, 1915

* **as manager**
* Austrian Cup: 1922 with WAF

| * v
* t
* e
SK Sturm Graz – managers |
| --- |
| 
* Haist (1923–1924)
* Reistenhofer (1934–1935)
* Haider (1936–1937)
* Oroszy  (1937–1938)
* Plendner  (1940–1942)
* ? Riedl (1942–1943)
* Molzer (1946–1949)
* Durek (1950)
* Czernicky (1951–1952)
* Decker  (1952–1954)
* Gerdov (1954)
* Strittich (1955)
* Blum  (1956–1958)
* Durek (1958–1960)
* Szép (1960–1961)
* Mühlbauer (1961)
* Rumpf (1961–1962)
* Lörinczy  (1962–1963)
* Rumpf (1963)
* Suchanek (1963–1964)
* Adamek (1965–1966)
* Fuchs (1966–1967)
* Mühlbauer  (1967)
* Kowanz (1967)
* Springer (1967–1970)
* Rumpf (1970)
* Szép (1970–1971)
* Rumpf (1971)
* Remy (1971–1972)
* Schlechta (1972–1977)
* Paulitsch (1977–1980)
* Baric (1980–1982)
* Fraydl (1982–1984)
* Pflug (1984)
* Stessl (1984–1985)
* Markovic  (1985)
* Mikscha (1985–1986)
* Ludescher (1986–1988)
* Steiner (1988)
* Baric (1988–1989)
* Starek (1989–1991)
* Pflug (1991–1992)
* Jurkemik  (1992–1993)
* Djuricic (1993–1994)
* Osim (1994–2002)
* Foda (2002–2003)
* Gress  (2003)
* Petrović (2003–2006)
* Foda  (2006–2012)
* Kristl (2012)
* Hyballa (2012–2013)
* Schopp (2013)
* Milanic (2013–2014)
* Neukirchner  (2014)
* Foda  (2014–2017)
* Vogel  (2018)
* Neukirchner  (2018)
* Mählich (2018–2019)
* El Maestro (2019–2020)
* Hösele (2020)
* Ilzer (2020–?)

(c) = caretaker manager |