recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
A **text grammar** is the study of texts above the level of the sentence. It shows how texts are put together so as to convey ideas, facts, messages, and fiction. 

A similar term is discourse analysis. Both are mostly concerned with natural language use; discourse analysis would include spoken language. Speech is also the parent of **rhetoric**, the ancient study of persuasive speaking. In a similar way, literary criticism parallels text grammar, because both concentrate on the printed word. A text grammar approach puts emphasis on the linguistic structure of a text, rather than its cultural or symbolic meaning.

A text is a coherent body of sentences. Coherent means they are linked by a consistent *theme*. The text ends when *completion* is signalled. For example, when a problem introduced at the start is solved, or when a promised discussion has reached a conclusion.

Text types
----------

Each text focuses on certain things. If texts are grouped by what they are doing, then there are five basic text types:

1. Description. Common in science and technology.
2. Narration. Covers the passage of time, and is common in the humanities.
3. Exposition. In which the narrator or writer offers a detailed analysis and explanation of some issue.
4. Argumentation. In which the communicator compares alternative points of view, judges and persuades.
5. Instruction. In which the communicator tells readers what to do. Uses "action-demanding sentences in sequence".

Many texts, of course, can and do have a mixture of two or more of these types.
***Whatcheeria*** is an extinct genus of early tetrapod from the early Mississippian of Iowa. Fossils have been found in an old limestone quarry in the town of Delta. They date to 340 million year ago (mya). The type species *W. deltae* was named in 1995. It is classified with the closely related *Pederpes* in the family Whatcheeriidae.

Description
-----------

*Whatcheeria* possesses a mixture of basal and derived (advanced) traits. Like other stem tetrapods it has a series of lateral lines across the skull, and rows of teeth on the palate These are basal traits derived from its lobe-finned fish ancestors.

It has a cleithrum, a bone in the pectoral girdle that extends from the scapula. The cleithrum once attached to the skull in lobe-finned fish, the ancestors of tetrapods, but detached to allow the neck to move freely.

*Whatcheeria* grew to about 1 metre (3.3 ft) long. The skull is deep (this is an advanced trait) and the snout is pointed. A hole on the top of the skull behind the eyes called the parietal foramen is relatively large in *Whatcheeria*. The bones on the skull surface are unusually smooth, unlike the pitted skulls of many other early tetrapods.

### Classification

With modern cladistic taxonomy, Whatcheeriidae is not placed in Amphibia or any other class but simply as its own family within Tetrapoda. Its relationships with other tetrapods are left unclear.
Susanoo and the water dragon
**Susanoo** (Japanese: 須佐之男命, *Susanoo-no-Mikoto*; also romanized as *Susano'o*, *Susa-no-O*, and *Susanowo*) is the kami of the sea and storms in Shinto.

Susano'o is the brother of Amaterasu, the goddess of the sun, and of Tsukuyomi, the god of the moon. All three were created from Izanagi, when he washed his face to clean the dirtiness of Yomi, the underworld. Amaterasu was born when Izanagi washed out his left eye, Tsukuyomi was born from the washing of the right eye, and Susano'o from the washing of the nose.

The tales tell of great 
rivalry
 between Susano'o and his sister. When he was to leave Heaven forever because Izanagi ordered him to, he went to say goodbye to his sister. Amaterasu, suspicious, proposed him a challenge: each of them was to turn an object of the other's into people. Amaterasu created three women from Susano'o's sword while he created five men from her necklace. Amaterasu said the men were hers because they were born of her necklace. Susano'o destroyed her rice fields, threw a dead pony into her loom, and killed one of her assistants in anger. For this, Amaterasu, sad, angry and scared, went to hide inside Ama-no-Iwato, the *"heavenly rock cave"*, so the Sun was hidden and the world became dark for a long time.

Amaterasu later was made to come out of the cave, but Susano'o was punished by being banished from Heaven. He came down to the province of Izumo, where he met an old couple. Seven of their eight daughters had been eaten by the eight-headed serpent Yamata-no-Orochi and it was about to come for the eighth, Kushi-inada-hime. After the couple promised their daughter's hand in marriage to Susano'o, he agreed to kill Orochi. With the help of eight bowls of *sake* (one for each head), Susano'o cut the head off the monster when it was sleeping.

From one of Orochi's tails, Susano'o took out a sword, which he called *Ame-no-Murakumo-no-Tsurugi* ("Heaven's Cloud-Gathering Sword"), later known as the *Kusanagi-no-Tsurugi*. The sword was given to Amaterasu as a 
reconciliation
 gift and was later given to her descendant Ninigi (the great-grandfather of Emperor Jimmu), with the *Yata-no-Kagami* (a mirror) and *magatama* (sacred jewels) as proof of his divine right to rule on Earth (the three Imperial Regalia of Japan).

Izumo
-----

Amaterasu's shrine is at Ise Shrine, and Susano'o's is in Izumo, where he came down to Earth when banished from heaven. Izumo is home to the oldest shrines in Japan.

In popular culture
------------------

In a Meitei language play named *Yamata Amasung Keibu Keioiba* (English: Yamata-no-Orochi and Keibu Keioiba), the role of Susanoo was played by *Romario Thoudam Paona*. The play interweaves the stories of two legendary creatures, Yamata-no-Orochi of Japanese mythology and Keibu Keioiba of Meitei mythology (Manipuri mythology).
**Ocean acidification** is the decrease in the pH (scale of acidity and alkalinity) and increase in acidity of the Earth's oceans. It is caused by the increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) that humans have put into the atmosphere. More than 30% of the carbon dioxide in the air goes into the oceans. Therefore, when carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, the carbon dioxide in the ocean increases, too.

When carbon dioxide enters the oceans, it makes it more acidic.

Problems
--------

The skeletons and shells of many sea animals need what is known as calcium carbonate minerals. Due to ocean acidification, there are fewer of these minerals and there are species that could no longer produce or keep their shells. With more carbon dioxide in the ocean, this problem becomes worse and many species will be at risk. As a result, if humans continue to emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, ocean life will be in severe danger. Also, coral is at risk, as it is being eroded by the acid in the ocean.

Between 1751 CE and 1994 CE the ocean's pH on the surface went from 8.25 to 8.1.[*source?*]

Other websites
--------------

* The Climate Change Guide easy-to-understand information on the effects of climate change
***The Crystal Maze*** is a British game show on Channel 4. It ran from 1990 to 1995 and was revived in 2016. A team of six players completed challenges to win crystals. It was presented by Richard O'Brien from series 1 to 4 and Ed Tudor-Pole in series 5 and 6. Stephen Merchant presented an episode in 2016. Richard Ayoade presents in 2017.

Game show
---------

It was made by Chatsworth Television as an British version of the French show Fort Boyard. There are four zones in the maze - Medieval, Aztec, Futuristic and Industrial. In each zone, players attempt challenges to earn a crystal. Each crystal gives them five seconds in the Crystal Dome. After a while, the Industrial zone was replaced by an Ocean zone.

Crystal dome
------------

The Crystal Dome is a large glass crystal where the players must go in at the end. Small golden and silver tickets are blown around the dome and they must try and catch as many as they can. For every gold token they put in the box, they get a point. For every silver token they put in the box, they lose a point.

If the team gets over 100 points, they win a big prize. If they do not win, they get a small crystal to take home with them.

Other websites
--------------

* *The Crystal Maze* on IMDb
The Cowsills receiving the Gold record for The Rain, the Park and Other Things. From the left to the right: Bob, Paul, Susan, Barry, MGM Executive, Barry, Bill, and Barbara Cowsill.
**The Cowsills** are an American singing family from Newport, Rhode Island. They are best known for their songs "The Rain, the Park and Other Things", "Indian Lake", and "Hair". 

Their family consisted of: Patriarch William "Bud" Cowsill Sr (1925-1992) and Matriarch Barbara "Mini Mom" Cowsill (1928-1985) and their children: (from the oldest to the youngest child) Bill Cowsill (1948-2006), Richard Cowsill (1949-2014), Bob Cowsill (born 1949), Paul Cowsill (born 1951), Barry Cowsill, John Cowsill, and Susan Cowsill. They were the main inspiration for The Partridge Family.

"Mini Mom" died in 1985. Bud Cowsill died in 1992. Barry Cowsill was a victim of Hurricane Katrina and disappeared in September of 2005, before his corpse was found in December of that same year. Bill Cowsill died shortly after, on the day of Barry Cowsill's memorial, in February 2006. Richard Cowsill died in 2014.

Since the 1990s, Bob, Paul, and Susan have toured around the United States as the Cowsills. John Cowsill is a touring member for The Beach Boys.
Ringtail Possum at night. Possums are often found in towns at night
The **possum** is an Australasian marsupial which was later introduced to China and New Zealand. There are about 69 species alive today.

Possums are members of the **Phalangeriformes**. This is a suborder of the Diprotodonts, a large order which includes the kangaroos and its relatives.

Possums are native to Australia and are protected there. Possums spend the first four months of their lives in their mother's pouch. By the time they are six months old, the young possums live outside the pouch.

They are nocturnal and at least partly arboreal. Some of the smaller species are gliders. They have sharp claws and a keen sense of smell. They eat the leaves of trees, insects, berries and bird's eggs.

The first possums were brought to New Zealand in 1837 from Australia. In New Zealand, possums have no natural enemies, so possum numbers increased quickly. It is thought of as a pest in New Zealand.
The possum has done a lot of damage to the native plants, animals and birds.

Other websites
--------------

 Data related to Phalangeriformes at Wikispecies

* Kiwi Conservation Club Archived 2009-05-24 at the Wayback Machine
**Thruepang Palace** is a royal dzong (a form of fortress) or palace in Bhutan. It is a historic building in Bhutan.

History
-------

### Early History

The hillside placement of the palace was considered important in establishing control in the early days of the kingdom.

The dzong (fortress) portion was built in 1648. The first and second kings used the fortress to rule the kingdom from this crucial position.

### Modern History

It is the birthplace of the third Druk Gyalpo (King) Jigme Dorji Wangchuck of Bhutan in 1928. He spent is early days growing up in the palace. 

This was a secondary resident and served as a, but not main, royal palace for the second Druk Gyalpo (king) Jigme Wangchuck and Queen Ashi Puntsho Choden. The Trhruepang Palace currently is still in use as a winter royal palace for the current king Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck.

Description
-----------

### Location

The dzong is located in Thruepang village section of Nubi gewog (village block) in the District of Trongsa. Not far from the palace is the local market place.  The palace sits upon a hill that leads straight to the Thruepang village. 

Travel from the capital Thimpu requires 192 kilometers of travel and 8 hours of time.

### Architecture

The palace largely can be attributed a large house rather than a full scale palace. There are 2 stories palace that sits on 10 acres of land.
Stained glass window in Cambridge, where John Venn studied. It shows a Venn diagram.

Stained glass window in Cambridge, where John Venn studied. It shows a Venn diagram.

A **Venn diagram** is a diagram that shows the logical relation between sets. They were popularised by John Venn in the 1880s, and are now widely used. They are used to teach elementary set theory, and to illustrate simple set relationships in probability, logic, statistics, linguistics and computer science. A Venn diagram uses closed curves drawn on a plane to represent sets. Very often, these curves are circles or ellipses. 

Similar ideas had been proposed before Venn. Christian Weise in 1712 (*Nucleus Logicoe Wiesianoe*) and Leonhard Euler (*Letters to a German Princess*) in 1768, for instance, came up with similar ideas. The idea was popularised by Venn in *Symbolic Logic*, Chapter V "Diagrammatic Representation", 1881.

Example
-------

Sets A (creatures with two legs) and B (creatures that can fly)
The following example uses two sets, A and B, represented here as coloured circles. The orange circle, set A, represents all living creatures that are two-legged. The blue circle, set B, represents the living creatures that can fly. Each separate type of creature can be imagined as a point somewhere in the diagram. Living creatures that can both fly *and* have two legs—for example, parrots—are then in both sets, and hence correspond to points in the area where the blue and orange circles overlap. That area contains all such (and only) such living creatures.

Humans and penguins are bipedal, and hence are in the orange circle, but since they cannot fly, they appear in the left part of the orange circle, where it does not overlap with the blue circle. Mosquitoes have six legs, and fly, so the point for mosquitoes is in the part of the blue circle that does not overlap with the orange one. Creatures that are not two-legged and cannot fly (for example, whales and spiders) would all be represented by points outside both circles.

The combined area of sets A and B is called the *union* of A and B, denoted by A ∪ B. The union in this case contains all living creatures that are either two-legged, or that can fly (or both).
The area in both A and B, where the two sets overlap, is called the *intersection* of A and B, denoted by A ∩ B. For example, the intersection of the two sets is not empty, because there *are* points that represent creatures that are in *both* the orange and blue circles.

Venn diagrams of common operations on sets
------------------------------------------

Intersection {\displaystyle A\cap B}
Union {\displaystyle A\cup B}
Complement of A {\displaystyle A^{\rm {C}}=U\setminus A}
Difference {\displaystyle B\setminus A}
Difference {\displaystyle A\setminus B}
In the illustrations below the left circle shows set {\displaystyle A} and the right circle shows set {\displaystyle B}. Results of operations are shown as colored areas.

Related pages
-------------

* Exclusive disjunction
* Inclusive disjunction
Oystershell scale (*Ceroplastes* sp.), a waxy scale on young blueberry
The **scale insects** are small bugs of the order Hemiptera. They are the superfamily **Coccoidea**. There are about 8,000 described species of scale insects. They are ectoparasites of plants, like most bugs. They sit on the outside of plants, stick their mouthparts inside, and suck up the plant sap.

Adult female scales usually do not move: they are permanently attached to the plant they have parasitized. They secrete a waxy coating for defence. The coating makes them look like  fish scales, hence their common name.

Males and females are quite different form each other. This is sexual dimorphism. Female scale insects keep their juvenile shape even when sexually mature (a condition known as neoteny). Adult males usually have wings (depending on their species) but never feed, and die within a day or two.

The details of their reproductive systems vary greatly between species. Three types of hermaphroditism are known, and at least seven forms of parthenogenesis.

Their young, known as crawlers, lose the use of their legs if they are female, and stay put for life. Only the males keep their legs and use them in seeking females for mating.

Pest control
------------

Many scale insects are serious crop pests. The waxy covering protects them from contact insecticides. However, scales may be controlled. Horticultural oils suffocate them, and systemic pesticides poison the sap of the host plants. Biological control agents such as tiny parasitoid wasps and Coccinellid beetles also work on them. 
Insecticidal soap may also be used against scales.
Grier in February 2008
**Roosevelt "Rosey" Grier** (born July 14, 1932) is an American actor, singer, Protestant minister, conservative politician and former professional American football player.

Early life
----------

Grier was born in Cuthbert, Georgia. He was named after President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Grier was raised in Roselle, New Jersey. He studied at Pennsylvania State University.

Football years
--------------

Grier in 1967
Grier was a notable college football player for Pennsylvania State University who earned a place in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 100th anniversary list of 100 most influential student athletes. As a professional player, Grier was a member of the New York Giants and the original Fearsome Foursome of the Los Angeles Rams. He played in the Pro Bowl twice.

Bodyguard for Robert F. Kennedy
-------------------------------

After Grier's professional sports career, he worked as a bodyguard for Robert Kennedy during the 1968 presidential campaign and was guarding the senator's wife, Ethel Kennedy, during the Robert F. Kennedy assassination. Although unable to prevent that killing, Grier took control of the gun and subdued the shooter, Sirhan Sirhan.

Entertainment career
--------------------

Grier with Don Rickles in 1968
Grier appeared in movies and television shows such as *Desperate Mission* (1969), *Carter's Army* (1970), *Skyjacked* (1972), *The Thing with Two Heads* (1972), *The Treasure of Jamaica Reef* (1975), *The Glove* (1979), *Roots: The Next Generations* (1979) and *The Seekers* (1979).

As a singer, Grier first released singles on the A label in 1960, and over the following twenty-five years he continued to record on various labels including Liberty, Ric, MGM, and A&M.

Politics
--------

Grier was also a featured speaker at the 1984 Republican National Convention; during its evening session on August 20, 1984, he endorsed President Ronald Reagan for re-election.

### 2018 California gubernatorial campaign

On January 5, 2017, Grier announced his intention to run for Governor of California as a Republican in the 2018 gubernatorial election. He ended his candidacy in July 2017.

Personal life
-------------

Grier was married to Bernice Lewis until they divorced. Then he married Margie Grier in 1972. They divorced in 1978, but remarried in 1980. Margie Grier died in 2001. In 2013, he married teacher Cydnee Seyler. Grier has three children (one daughter from an early relationship, one adopted daughter from Bernice and one son with Margie).

Grier released his autobiography 'Rosey: The Gentle Giant' in 1986.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Roosevelt Grier***.

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: ***Rosey Grier***

* Rosey Grier filmography
* Rosey Grier football statistics
* Needlepoint for Men by Rosey Grier (1973)
* Rosey Grier on IMDb
* Roosevelt Grier biography at All Music Guide
See the main article: United States National Academies
**United States National Academy of Engineering** (**NAE**), a private, non-profit institution that was founded in 1964. Election to the NAE is considered the highest achievement in engineering-related fields and often comes as a recognition of a lifetime's worth of accomplishments. The NAE is part of United States National Academies advising the federal government on engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research.

New members of the organization are elected annually by current members composed of senior professionals in business, academia, and government who are among the world’s most accomplished engineers in one or both of the following categories:

* Engineering research, practice, or education, including, where appropriate, significant contributions to the engineering literature.
* Pioneering of new and developing fields of technology, making major advancements in traditional fields of engineering, or developing/implementing innovative approaches to engineering education.

The Academy annually awards three prizes that award $500,000 to the winner. In a sense these constitute the "Nobel Prizes of Engineering."
See the main article: United States National Academies
United States National Academy of Sciences building, in Washington, D.C.**National Academy of Sciences** (**NAS**) is United States corporation whose members serve as advisers to the nation on science. New members of the organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research.

The National Academy of Sciences is part of the United States National Academies, which also includes: 

* *National Academy of Engineering* (NAE)
* *Institute of Medicine* (IOM)
* *United States National Research Council* (NRC)

The NAS is running 21-month project which will study how humans might influence weather patterns, assess dangers and investigate possible national security implications of climate geoengineering attempts to mitigate global warming. The project is funded by the CIA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and NASA.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to National Academy of Sciences at Wikimedia Commons

* National Academy of Sciences: About the NAS
The ruins of the Ruzhany Palace in 2012
**Ruzhany Palace** (Belarusian: палац у Ружанах, Polish: *Pałac w Różanie*) is a ruined palace in Ruzhany village, Pruzhany Raion (district), Brest Voblast (province) in western Belarus. 

It was the main residence of the Polish-Lithuanian Sapieha noble family. The palace is currently and slowly being renovated. The palace gate and entry building are already renovated.

History
-------

| Design of the palace |
| --- |
|  |  |  |
| Back side of the palace | Front side of the palace | Design of the gates and buildings |

The first Ruzhany Palace was built by Lew Sapieha in 1602. The palace was destroyed during the civil war in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1700.

### 18th century

Ruzhany Palace was rebuilt in the Baroque and Neoclassical style in the 1770s, by Aleksander Michał Sapieha, employing the German architect Jan Samuel Becker of Saxony, who also designed an English-style garden around the palace. Aside from the palace, there was a theatre (1784–1788), an orangery and several other buildings. Becker also designed the local church (rebuilt in the 1850s).

The renovated palace gate in 2012
The last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Stanisław II, visited the palace in 1784. By that time work on the palace was stopped. In 1795, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was invaded and destroyed by the Russian Empire, Prussia and Austria. Then the land was divided among them. The palace, which was in the eastern part of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, became part of Russia.

### 19th century

The Sapieha estates were nationalized after the November Uprising by the Polish against the Russian Empire in 1831. In 1834, the palace was sold to be used as a textile mill and weaving factory.

### Since the 20th century

The ruins of the Ruzhany Palace and theatre in 2007
In 1914, the palace was accidentally set on fire by factory workers. The First World War and financial problems prevented the building's renovation until 1930. However the partially restored palace became a ruin again during the Second World War. The palace gate and the entry building were renovated in 2012.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Sapieha Palace in Ružany***.

* Ruzhany Palace at Belarusguide.com (in English)
* Photos at Radzima org (in English)
* Photos at Globus.tut.by (in Russian)

Coordinates: 52°51′36″N 24°53′46″E﻿ / ﻿52.860°N 24.896°E﻿ / 52.860; 24.896
The five major ocean gyres
A **gyre** is a large system of ocean currents moving in a circle. Gyres are caused by the Coriolis effect. Because the Earth is rotating, ocean currents in the northern hemisphere tend to move in a clockwise direction and currents in the southern hemisphere move in an anti-clockwise direction.

The Coriolis force acts most strongly on the wind, and the wind then creates a torque that tends to spin the ocean currents.

The Earth rotates from the west towards the east, and the Coriolis effect becomes more intense toward the poles. Because of this, gyres form strong currents on the western side of oceans, so they are pushed against the eastern coast of continents. The vorticity (the strength of the torque force) is balanced out by frictional surface currents, which normally act against the spin of the water. However, in the middle of the ocean, the effects of friction are very weak.

The term *gyre* can be used to mean any type of vortex in the air or the sea, but it is most used in oceanography for the major ocean current systems.

Major gyres
-----------

These are the five largest gyres:

* Indian Ocean Gyre
* North Atlantic Gyre
* North Pacific Gyre
* South Atlantic Gyre
* South Pacific Gyre

Other gyres
-----------

All the world's larger gyres
### Tropical gyres

Tropical gyres tend to be mostly east-west with minor north-south extent.

* Atlantic Equatorial Current System
* Pacific Equatorial Current System
* Indian Monsoon Gyres

### Subtropical gyres

The centre of a subtropical gyre is a high pressure area, which the ocean moves around. The high pressure in the centre is due to the westerly winds on the northern side of the gyre and easterly winds on the southern side of the gyre. These cause frictional surface currents towards the latitude at the centre of the gyre.

### Subpolar gyres

Subpolar gyres form at high latitudes (around 60°). The ocean moves around a low pressure area. Surface currents generally move outward from the centre of the system.

Related pages
-------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Oceanic gyres***.

* Cyclone and Anticyclone
* Fluid dynamics
* Great Pacific Garbage Patch
* Whirlpool

Other websites
--------------

* Wind-driven surface currents: Gyres
* Physical Geography - Surface and subsurface ocean currents
Samuel Vimes is a fictional character created by Terry Pratchett for the Discworld books and is the leader of the police in the city of Ankh-Morpork.

Guards!Guards!
--------------

In Guards! Guards!, Samuel Vimes is the captain of the Night Watch and is an alcoholic because he has a disease which makes him less drunk than people are supposed to be. And Captain Vimes has as his men, a corporal named Nobbs who is a kleptomaniac and a sergeant named Colon who is an idiot so Captain Vimes has given up because of all the crime and corruption in Ankh-Morpork. Then a person named Carrot Ironfounderson joins the police and actually believes in the law so Captain Vimes ends up helping to stop a dragon, save the city, rescue The Patrician and falling in love with a woman named Sibyl Ramkin who marries him.

Men at Arms
-----------

In Men at Arms, Captain Vimes has to train a dwarf, a female werewolf and a troll to become police and he trains Carrot Ironfounderson to take over as captain of the Night Watch when he retires and in the end Lord Havelock Vetinari is impressed enough that he decides to put Vimes in charge of all the police to fight against corruption and has Vimes start to call himself Commander Vimes.

Feet of Clay
------------

In the book, Feet of Clay, Commander Vimes is hates by the aristocrats because his ancestor killed the last king. In the end, Commander Vimes saves the city from an evil plan involving a golem so Lord Vetinari gives Vimes a knighthood.

Jingo
-----

In Jingo, Ankh-Morpork almost gets into a war with a country called Klatch and Commander Vimes is fired so he starts his own regiment and later goes to Klatch to find and stop the villains of the book and at one point arrests Lord Vetinari who later makes Commander Vimes a duke.

The Fifth Elephant
------------------

In The Fifth Elephant, Lord Vetinari makes Commander Vimes ambassador to a place called Überwald where Vimes has to stop an evil racist werewolf baron by killing him.

Night Watch
-----------

In Night Watch, Commander Vimes accidentally time travels to the past while chasing a murderer who then kills Vimes’s old friend John Keel before Keel actually died so Vimes pretends to be John Keel and teaches the young Samuel Vimes everything that Keel ever taught him. And after Vimes goes back to the present, his wife gives birth to a son.

Thud!
-----

In Thud!, Commander Vimes tried to prevent a war between the dwarf king and the trolls and ends up being mind controlled by a demon called the Summoning Dark but Vimes escapes its control so that he can read a children’s book to his son.

Snuff
-----

In Snuff (Pratchett novel), Commander Vimes tried to stop a man named Stratford who is a murderer and drug dealer while Vimes’s inner demon The Summoning Dark helps him.
**Srivilliputhur** is a town and a municipality in Virudhunagar district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. As of 2011, the town had a population of 75,396.

The most important landmark of Srivilliputhur is 11-tiered tower structure dedicated to the Lord of Srivilliputhur, known as Vatapatrasayee. The tower of this temple rises 192 feet high and is the official symbol of the Government of Tamil Nadu. It is said to have been built by Periyalvar, believed to be the father-in-law of the Temple Deity, with a purse of gold that he won in debates held in the palace of Pandya King Vallabhadeva. Srivilliputhur is well known for its ancient heritage and devotional contributions.

It is on the Virudhunagar - Shenkottai line of the Southern Railway, about 74 km south of Madurai and connected by road and rail with Madurai, Sivakasi, Sankarankovil & Shenkottai, Thirunelveli and Sattur.

Demographics
------------



| Religious census |
| --- |
| Religion |  |  | Percent(%) |  |
| Hindu |   | 90.7% |
| Muslim |   | 2.27% |
| Christian |   | 6.62% |
| Sikh |   | 0.01% |
| Buddhist |   | 0.01% |
| Other |   | 0.38% |
| No religion |   | 0.02% |

According to 2011 census, Srivilliputhur had a population of 75,396 with a sex-ratio of 1,015 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 6,884 were under the age of six, constituting 3,466 males and 3,418 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 6.21% and .01% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 77.84%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The town had a total of 21411 households. There were a total of 32,556 workers, comprising 134 cultivators, 1,241 main agricultural labourers, 3,126 in house hold industries, 25,769 other workers, 2,286 marginal workers, 18 marginal cultivators, 318 marginal agricultural labourers, 119 marginal workers in household industries and 1,831 other marginal workers. The decadal growth of population during the 1991–2001 period reduced to half of the previous decade due to migration to industrialized cities.

As per the religious census of 2011, Srivilliputhur (M) had 90.7% Hindus, 2.27% Muslims, 6.62% Christians, 0.01% Sikhs, 0.01% Buddhists, 0.38% following other religions and 0.02% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.

As of 1994, a total 255.11 ha (630.4 acres) (45%) of the land in Srivilliputhur was used for residential, 17.89 ha (44.2 acres) (3%) for commercial, 15.04 ha (37.2 acres) (3%) for industrial, 30.808 ha (76.13 acres) (5%) for public & semi public, 12.677 ha (31.33 acres) (2%) for educational and 238.61 ha (589.6 acres) (24%) for non urban purposes like agriculture and irrigation.
Samuel Morse
**Samuel Finley Breese Morse** (April 27, 1791 – April 2, 1872) was an American inventor. He was the first person to make a telegraph with only one wire, and also helped come up with the idea of Morse code.

Since the 1700s, there were different types of telegraphs being made, but they were hard to use because they had several wires. (The first telegraph ever built had 26 wires, which made it almost impossible to use.) Morse spent years trying to build one with only one wire, and managed to do it in 1836. Morse and his assistant made a code with "dots and "dashes", which were two different types of "clicks" on the telegraph.

Morse's invention made it possible to quickly communicate with people far away, and many telegraph lines were built. A telegraph line using his invention was built between Washington, D.C. and Baltimore in 1844. By the 1860s, there were telegraph lines all around North America, and in 1866, a telegraph line was built across the Atlantic Ocean.

Life
----

Samuel F. B. Morse was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts

Morse was a painter before he was an inventor. He was a professor of art at New York University. He wanted to do some paintings that were going to be done at the United States Capitol, but was not chosen to do them. He was so disappointed that he gave up painting.

Morse was a devout Christian. The first message he sent on his 1844 telegraph line was "What hath God wrought?", which comes from the Book of Numbers in the Bible.

He died in New York City on April 2, 1872.
Greater postal zones of Taiwan
**Postal codes** (Chinese: 郵遞區號; pinyin: *Yóudì qūhào*; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: *Iû-tē khu-hō*) in **Taiwan** is a system of five digit codes used by Chunghwa Post for postal service in the Republic of China. There are 368 sets of three-digit codes for townships, county-controlled cities, districts (cities of Chiayi and Hsinchu have a single code covering all its districts) in Taiwan, and the uninhabited island groups of Dongsha (Pratas), Nansha (Spratly), and Diaoyutai (Senkaku) (currently controlled by Japan). There are also codes for Kinmen and Matsu, the parts of Fujian Province controlled by the Republic of China. 

The first digit is for a large postal zone, as follows:

| First digit | Cities | Counties | Subsidiary islands |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | Taipei |  |  |
| **2** | New Taipei, Keelung | Yilan, Lienchiang (Matsu) | Diaoyutai Islands |
| **3** | Hsinchu | Hsinchu, Taoyuan, Miaoli |
| **4** | Taichung |  |  |
| **5** |  | Changhua, Nantou |  |
| **6** | Chiayi | Chiayi, Yunlin |  |
| **7** | Tainan |  |  |
| **8** | Kaohsiung | Penghu, Kinmen | Dongsha Islands, Nansha Islands |
| **9** |  | Pingtung, Taitung, Hualien |
**Samul nori** is a Korean traditional musical performance, which is performed with four percussion instruments: Jing, Janggu, Buk (the drum in Korean), Kkwaenggwari. The performance includes dancing. Specifically, in *Samul*, *sa* means "four", and *mul* means "object" in Korean, and *nori* means "to play". Considering the meaning of *Samul nori*, this is one kind of playful and casual art performance done in public. In the past, Korean people usually play *Samul nori* when they work in agricultural area to relax after working.

Nowadays, some Korean people who play Korean traditional music try to boost Samul nori. Famous samul-nori performances are *Kim duk soo Samul nori* and *Namsadang nori*. Namsadang Nori was chosen as a UNESCO Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. In addition, some Koreans are trying to transform Samul nori to modern styles by mixing this with other modern performances. For example, there were TV shows where Samul nori performers were dancing with pop singers or DJs. 

Furthermore, other than mixing Samul nori with modern performances, some Korean people try to create new performance inspired by Samul nori. For example, *Nanta*, a performance of sounds made by hitting everyday objects, is inspired by Samul nori. Also, there is *Nori dan*, social enterprise in Korea, which play recycled garbage as musical instruments by hitting them.
**Strong Bad** is one of the major characters of the *Homestar Runner* series of animated surreal comedy Flash web cartoons. He is portrayed by Matt Chapman, the principal voice actor and co-founder of the series. Strong Bad enjoys pranking the other characters of the series, along with his ever-diligent lackey pet named "The Cheat" and his older brother Strong Mad. The main segment that Strong Bad is a part of is "*Strong Bad Email*", in which he answers emails sent to him by fans. *Strong Bad Email* has turned into several DVDs, as well as a podcast, since its first episode in 2001.

Strong Bad is sometimes referred to as the main antagonist of the series due to his pranks that he, Strong Mad, and The Cheat play on the other characters, and his insulting of his brother Strong Sad. He seems to be a character influenced by the American popular culture trends of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, 
such as heavy metal music and the second and third generations of video games and video game consoles. Since he is one of the site's most popular characters, merchandise has also spun off of Strong Bad, which includes t-shirts and sweatshirts sold by the website.

Strong Bad has been one of the series most popular characters, and has been well received. In an article by National Review Online, Strong Bad was described as "a non-stop braggart, liar, manipulator, and egotist", but also "one of the coolest characters on the Internet and the real star of Homestarrunner.com, which may be the most popular homegrown animation in the world". Segments have been spun off of his emails, including "Teen Girl Squad" a comic drawn by Strong Bad about four teenage friends.
Paul Dukas
**Paul Abraham Dukas** (October 1, 1865 – May 17, 1935) was a French composer and teacher of classical music.

Early life
----------

Paul Dukas was born in Paris to a Jewish father and Catholic mother. He was taught music by Théodore Dubois and Ernest Guiraud at the Conservatoire de Paris, where he became friends with the composer Claude Debussy. He then worked as a music critic and orchestrator.

Early works
-----------

Although Dukas wrote a lot of music, he destroyed many of his pieces because he was unhappy with them. Only a few are left. His first important surviving work is the *Symphony in C* (1896). This is in the style of Beethoven and César Franck. Like Franck's only symphony, Dukas' is in three movements not the usual four: Allegro non troppo, ma con fuoco; Andante espressive e fuoco; Allegro spiritoso.

In 1897 Dukas wrote another work for orchestra, *L'apprenti sorcier* (English: *The Sorcerer's Apprentice*) based on Goethe's poem "Der Zauberlehrling". A short version of *The Sorcerer's Apprentice* was used in the Walt Disney film *Fantasia*. Dukas's use of rhythm and his skill in writing for orchestras can be seen in both the *Symphony in C* and *The Sorcerer's Apprentice*.

Paul Dukas and students of his composition class at the Paris Conservatoire, 1929.

Piano works
-----------

For the piano, Dukas wrote two complex and difficult works, a Sonata in E-flat minor (1901) and *Variations, interlude and finale on a theme of Rameau* (1902), again in the style of Beethoven and Franck. The Sonata has not been performed very often, but lately pianists, such as Marc-André Hamelin, have started to add it to their concerts. There are also two smaller works for piano solo.

Opera
-----

The opera *Ariane et Barbe-Bleue* ("Ariadne and Bluebeard"), which he wrote between 1899 and 1907, has often been compared to Debussy's *Pelléas et Mélisande*. This is because it is similar in its musical style, and both operas are based on words by Maurice Maeterlinck. Dukas's last big work was the grand oriental ballet *La Péri* (1912). This is about a man who goes to the Ends of the Earth to find immortality, and finds a mythical Peri, holding The Flower of Immortality.

Because the opening of the ballet is very quiet, Dukas later added a short 'Fanfare pour preceder La Peri' which gave the usually noisy audiences time to settle in their seats before the main opera began.

Teacher
-------

In later life, Dukas became well known as a music teacher, with many famous students including Joaquín Rodrigo, Manuel Ponce, Maurice Duruflé, Xian Xinghai, Olivier Messiaen, Jehan Alain, Carlos Chávez, and David Van Vactor. After Dukas died he was buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris.

Music
-----

### Piano

* *Piano Sonata* (1900)
* *Variations, interlude et finale sur un thème de Rameau* (1902)
* *Prélude élégiaque sur le nom de Haydn* (1906)
* *La Plainte, au loin, du Faune* (1920)

### Orchestra

* *Symphony in C Major* (1896)
* *The Sorcorer's Apprentice*, a symphonic scherzo (1897)
* *Villanelle for Horn & Orchestra* (1906)
* *Ariane et Barbe-bleue* (1907)
* *La Peri* (1912)
* *Sonnet de Ronsard*, for Voice & Piano (1924)
Rape rates (police reported) per 100,000 population, 2010–2012
In sociology, **rape culture** is a term that is used to describe a society where rape is common. This is mostly due to the views these societies have about gender and sexuality. Other behaviours that can often be found include victim blaming and sexual objectification. People in these societies may trivialize rape, or they say that it isn't much of a problem. They also often deny the fact that sexual violence is causing harm to the victim. Very often, there is a combination of all these issues.

The term rape culture has also been used for other settings, or to describe the behavior of specific groups of people: Examples of these are people being raped in prison, or using rape in a war, as a form of psychological warfare. 

That way, entire societies have been called rape cultures.

Some people also have sexual fantasies about raping someone, or being raped; in that context, their ideas may be seen as part of pornography. 

Second-wave feminists first had the idea of 'rape culture', in the 1970s. Most of them came from the United States. 

Critics of the concept say that it doesn't exist or is not widespread. They also say that even if there may be societies where rape is common, the concept of 'rape culture' implies that the person who rapes is not at fault; rather it is the society that made the rape possible. 

There are many movements who have addressed the idea of rape culture. They include movements such as SlutWalk and Me Too. Tatiana Burke, an American activist started Me Too, after she was sexually assaulted in 2006. Some of these movements have developed into self-help groups, where victims can talk about their experiences, and help each other.
**Hector Samuel Juan**  "**Tico**" **Torres** (born October 7, 1953) is an American musician, artist, and entrepreneur, best known as the drummer, percussionist, and songwriter for American rock band Bon Jovi. In 2018, Torres was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Bon Jovi.

Personal life
-------------

Torres and his first wife divorced soon after the formation of Bon Jovi in 1983. In 1996, Torres married Czech-born model Eva Herzigová in Sea Bright, New Jersey. The ceremony was attended by their closest friends and family including Donald Trump and the members of Bon Jovi. The band serenaded Eva and her husband with the hit single "Always" during the dance. Their marriage ended two years later. Torres married Maria Alejandra in September 2001, his third marriage. They have a son, Hector Alexander, born on January 9, 2004. Torres is an avid golfer who frequently participates in the Alfred Dunhill Links Pro-Am in St. Andrews, UK, often playing in a foursome with fellow musician and good friend Huey Lewis.

### Endorsements

After a long endorsement deal with Pearl drums and hardware since 1984, after Richie Sambora's last show with Bon Jovi in April 2013, Torres changed from Pearl drums to DW, after DW made a custom kit out of cherry wood to Torres' specifications. Along with DW, Torres also endorses Paiste cymbals, Remo drumheads, his signature Easton Ahead drumsticks and their griptape and gloves, LP percussion and Beato drum bags. Torres used DW pedals for most of his career but not hardware or drums until 2013.
***The Bad Seed*** is a 1956 American horror movie. It has elements of film noir. This movie is based on the 1954 play of the same name.

Plot
----

On her piano, eight year old Rhoda Penmark (played by Patty McCormack) plays the French song "Au clair de la lune" while her father says his good-byes and goes on military duty. Rhoda is under the care of her mother Christine (Nancy Kelly). 

Rhoda begins as a well-behaved child. As the movie goes on, she becomes evil and sinister. She commits murder, steals and sets fires. 

A lightning bolt during a rainstorm kills Rhoda instantly.

Cast
----

 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| * Nancy Kelly as Christine Penmark
* Patty McCormack as Rhoda Penmark
* Henry Jones as Leroy Jessup
* Eileen Heckart as Hortense Daigle
* Evelyn Varden as Monica Breedlove
* William Hopper as Col. Kenneth Penmark

  | * Paul Fix as Richard Bravo
* Jesse White as Emory Wages
* Gage Clarke as Reginald 'Reggie' Tasker
* Joan Croydon as Claudia Fern (as Joan Croyden)
* Frank Cady as Henry Daigle
 |

Reception
---------

This was one of Warner Bros. biggest movies of the year. It took in $4.1 million in the American box office. It was also popular in the British box office. 

The movie was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Actress, Best Actress in a Supporting Role and Best Cinematography.

Remakes
-------

*The Bad Seed* was remade for television in 1985.

Other websites
--------------

* *The Bad Seed* on IMDb
* *The Bad Seed* at AllMovie
* *The Bad Seed*  at the TCM Movie Database
**Plant reproduction** is the production of new plants. It can be done by sexual or asexual reproduction. 

Sexual reproduction results in offspring with genetics from both parents. Asexual reproduction produces new individuals genetically identical to the parent plants, except when mutations occur. Plants can do asexual reproduction in many more ways than animals. These are some of the ways:

Plants have ways they may get clones of the parent plant. Any piece of a plant *may* be used to grow a whole plant. This is called **vegetative reproduction**. 

1. Rhizomes or stolons reproduce a plant by extending its physical presence over a large area. That may be called **vegetative growth**.
2. Apomixis is seeds not made by fertilisation of the embryos. Some big genera, like hawkweed, dandelion and Kentucky blue grass (*Poa pratensis*) all use this type of asexual reproduction.
3. Adventitious buds may form on roots near the ground, or on damaged stems, or on old roots. These develop into above-ground stems and leaves.
4. Suckering is sending out suckers which can become whole plants. It recreates the whole plant from a root system. Elm (*Ulmus*), Dandelion (*Taraxacum*), and many roses do this.

These are all natural methods of vegetative reproduction. Also there are many ways in which humans can get copies (clones) of a plant, mainly by taking "cuttings" and using grafting.

Related pages
-------------

* Flowering plant sexuality
* Vegetative reproduction