recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Kinematics** is the branch of classical mechanics which describes the motion of points, bodies (objects) and systems of bodies (groups of objects) without looking at the cause of this motion. The term was translated from French; A.M. Ampère used the term *cinématique*. He constructed the term form the Greek κίνημα, **kinema** (movement, motion), derived from κινεῖν, **kinein** (to move). The study of *kinematics* is often referred to as the *geometry of motion.*

To describe motion, kinematics studies the paths of points, lines and other geometric objects in space, and some of their properties such as velocity and acceleration. Astrophysics uses kinematics to describe the motion of celestial bodies and systems. Mechanical engineering, robotics and biomechanics use it to describe the motion of systems composed of joined parts such as an engine, a robotic arm or the skeleton of the human body.

The study of kinematics can be abstracted into purely mathematical functions. It is possible to represent rotation with elements of the unit circle in the complex plane. Other planar algebras are used to represent the shear mapping of classical motion in absolute time and space and to represent the Lorentz transformations of relativistic space and time. Mathematicians have developed a science of kinematic geometry, which uses time as a parameter.

Certain geometric transformations which are called rigid transformations have been developed to describe the movement of components of a mechanical system. These transformations simplify the derivation of its equations of motion, and is central to dynamic analysis.

Kinematic analysis is the process of measuring the kinematic quantities used to describe motion. In engineering, kinematic analysis may be used to find the range of movement for a given mechanism, and, working in reverse, kinematic synthesis designs a mechanism for a desired range of motion.  In addition, *kinematics* applies algebraic geometry to the study of the mechanical advantage of a mechanical system, or mechanism.
This diagram compares the orbital elements and relative sizes of the members of the Himilia group. The horizontal axis illustrates their average distance from Jupiter, the vertical axis their orbital inclination, and the circles their relative sizes.
This diagram illustrates all the irregular satellites of Jupiter. The Himalia group is bunched together near the top of the diagram. An object's position on the horizontal axis indicates its distance from Jupiter. The vertical axis indicates its inclination. Eccentricity is indicated by yellow bars illustrating the object's maximum and minimum distances from Jupiter. Circles illustrate an object's size in comparison to the others.
The **Himalia group** is a group of prograde non-spherical moons of Jupiter that follow similar orbits to Himalia and are thought to have a common origin.

The known members of the group are (in order from closest to farthest from Jupiter):

* Leda
* Himalia (the biggest, which gives its name to the group)
* Lysithea
* Elara

The orbit estimate of the recently found moon S/2000 J 11 also qualified it as a member of the group (it appeared to have the same inclination, and a slightly bigger semi-major axis)
but its orbit is not known exactly and the mean orbital elements have not yet been calculated.

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) reserves names in **-a** for the moons in this group.

Characteristics and origin
--------------------------

The objects in the Himalia group have semi-major axes (distances from Jupiter) in the range of 11,150,000 and 11,750,000 km, inclinations between 26.6° and 28.3°, and eccentricities of between 0.11 and 0.25.
All moons in the group are grey similar to C-type asteroids. It has been suggested that the group could be a remnant of the break-up of an asteroid from the main asteroid belt. The radius of the parent asteroid was probably about 89 km, only a bit bigger than that of Himalia, which retains approximately 87% of the mass of the original body. This indicates the asteroid was not heavily disturbed.
**Kinetic theory** or *kinetic theory of gases* attempts to explain overall properties of gases, such as pressure, temperature, or volume, by considering their molecular composition and motion. The theory basically states that pressure is not caused by molecules pushing each other away, like earlier scientists thought. Instead, pressure is caused by the molecules colliding with each other and their container. Kinetic theory is also known as *kinetic-molecular theory* or *collision theory*.

There are three main components to kinetic theory:

* No energy is gained or lost when molecules collide
* The molecules in a gas take up a negligible (able to be ignored) amount of space in relation to the container they occupy
* The molecules are in constant, linear motion.

Other websites
--------------

* Early Theories of Gases
* Thermodynamics Archived 2017-02-28 at the Wayback Machine - a chapter from an online textbook
* *Temperature and Pressure of an Ideal Gas: The Equation of State*[*permanent dead link*] on Project PHYSNET.
* Introduction Archived 2014-11-03 at the Wayback Machine to the kinetic molecular theory of gases, from The Upper Canada District School Board
* Java animation Archived 2016-03-31 at the Wayback Machine illustrating the kinetic theory from University of Arkansas
* Flowchart linking together kinetic theory concepts, from HyperPhysics
* Interactive Java Applets Archived 2005-04-09 at the Wayback Machine allowing high school students to experiment and discover how various factors affect rates of chemical reactions.

|  |  |
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| Authority control: National Edit this at Wikidata | 
* France
* BnF data
* Germany
* Israel
* United States
* Japan
* Czech Republic

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An **intron** is a non-coding sequence in a gene.

It is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing to get the final RNA product of a gene. The term *intron* refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene, and the corresponding sequence in RNA transcripts.

A spliceosome removes introns from a transcribed pre-mRNA segment (top). This is called 'splicing'. After the introns have been removed (bottom), the mature mRNA sequence is ready for translation.
Sequences of coding DNA which are joined together in the final RNA after RNA splicing are **exon**s. They code for amino acids in the final polypeptide.

Introns are in the genes of most organisms and many viruses. They can be in a wide range of genes, including those that generate proteins, ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). RNA splicing takes place after transcription and before translation.

* Introns: parts of a gene which are discarded: non-working bits.
* Exons: parts of a gene which are expressed: bits of a gene which code for amino-acid sequences in a protein.

The discovery of introns led to the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1993 for Phillip Sharp and Richard Roberts. The term *intron* was introduced by American biochemist Walter Gilbert.

Biological meaning
------------------

There are many unanswered questions about introns. It is unclear whether introns serve some specific function, or whether they are selfish DNA which reproduces itself as a parasite.

Recent studies of entire eukaryotic genomes have now shown that the lengths and density (introns/gene) of introns varies considerably between related species. There are four or five different kinds of intron. Some introns represent mobile genetic elements (transposons).

Alternative splicing of introns within a gene allows a variety of protein isoforms from a single gene. Thus multiple related proteins can be generated from a single gene and a single precursor mRNA transcript. The control of alternative RNA splicing is performed by complex network of signalling molecules. In humans, ~95% of genes with more than one exon are alternatively spliced.
**Isabela Garcia Costa** (born June 11, 1967 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian actress.

Because of her incredible resemblance to Shirley Temple in her childhood years, Garcia was evidently destined to be an actress. At just four years she made her debut in a telenovela. In 1976 it appeared for the first time on the big screen. 1980 was the year of the debut of Isabela, in the telenovela *Água Viva*, where she played Maria Helena, the tender orphan girl of a mother who enters the lives of all the characters of the story. Garcia was the daughter of a radio actor.

In 1986 she was in the cast of *Anos Dourados* and *Roda de Fogo*. In *Bebê a Bordo*, Isabela played the lead, Ana. The novel was a great success and the actress was the highlight of the year 1988. In the following novels, *O Sexo dos Anjos* (1989) and *Lua Cheia de Amor* (1990), Isabela played leading paerts.

In 1993, she played the villain Lúcia Guerra in *Sonho Meu*. In the miniseries *Labirinto*, 1998, her character was the fun Yoyô socialite. In 2003, Isabela returned to be in evidence with the character Eliete, of *Celebridade*.

In 2007, Isabela won the Friends of Best Supporting Actress Award for her performance in the novel *Paraíso Tropical*. In 2012 he acted in *Lado a Lado*. 

Isabela is the daughter of Dirce Prieto and of the radioactor Gilberto Garcia, who died in 1996. She has three brothers Gilberto, Ricardo and Rosana Garcia, actress, performer of the famous Narizinho of *Sítio do Picapau Amarelo*.

She has four children.

Other websites
--------------

* Isabela Garcia on IMDb
*Not to be confused with Innuendo (album).*

The Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for:

 ***innuendo***.

An **innuendo** is an indirect or implied statement of ideas or opinions. It can also be a remark or question, often disparaging (also called **insinuation**), that works indirectly by allusion. In the latter sense, the intention is often to insult or accuse someone in such a way that the words as used, taken literally, seem to be innocent in the direct meaning (but have a negative unspoken meaning).

An innuendo is "an oblique hint or remark"; The word is often used to express disapproval.

The term **sexual innuendo** has a specific meaning, namely that of a "risqué" *double sens* (double meaning) by playing on a possibly sexual meaning of an otherwise innocent statement.

Bullying
--------

Innuendo is a tool of bullying.

In popular culture
------------------

Many TV shows\movies aimed at little kids often use innuendoes as a way of attracting older people. Shows\movies such as *The Fairly OddParents*, *Spongebob Squarepants*,*The Penguins of Madagascar*, *Shrek*, *Bee Movie*,  *the* Walt Disney Animated Classics*,* Rocko's Modern Life*,* The Muppet Show*,* Cow & Chicken*,* Ren & Stimpy*,* Animaniacs *and* Looney Tunes *have been known to do this over the years. Also many prime-time shows use an extensive amount of innuendo to the point that they are rated U.S. TV PG/14 D for dialogue. Some TV shows using innuendoes are:* The Simpsons*,* Futurama*,* Son of the Beach*,* The Office*,* Jersey Shore (TV series)*,* King of the Hill*,* Beavis and Butthead*,* Everybody Hates Chris*,* American Dad*,* Tosh.0*,* Family Guy *and* South Park*.*

Also, many radio shows are known for use of innuendo, including: *The Gallo Radio Show*, most of the songs played on *Southern Crossroads*, sometimes *The Rick & Bubba Show*, *The Howard Stern Show*, *The Steve and DC Morning Show*, especially *The JT & Dave Show*, *Air Bubba* and *The Bob & Tom Show*.
**Inoculation** (also known as variolation) is an historical method of making people immune to smallpox. Unlike a vaccine, inoculation uses infected material (for example scabs) from an infected patient. The benefit of inoculation is it gives the individual a less dangerous type of the virus. Another benefit of inoculation is the fact it has a death rate of 0.5% - 2% (as opposed to the 35% death rate of smallpox). Inoculation was eventually replaced after Edward Jenner discovered a vaccine against smallpox.

Historical uses
---------------

### China

China may have used inoculation in the 10th century. The Emperor of China at the time lost his eldest son to smallpox. He wanted a way to help prevent smallpox from killing any more members of his family. He summoned many people from throughout the empire to attempt to find a cure to smallpox. A man carried out inoculation to Immunise his family. However, the source of the story was supposedly written 100's of years after the event. 

Inoculation was not widely used in China until the 'Longqing Emperor' in the 16th century. This was written by Yu Tianchi. Inoculation using the most deadly strain of the virus was banned from use in China to prevent high death rates. Inoculation is documented to have been used in India in the 18th century. It may have been used earlier than that, but there is no evidence to prove this. 

### Importation to Europe

The practice of Inoculation was first used in England after an ambassador's wife witnessed it in Constantinople. Her name was Lady Mary Wortley Montague and she was impressed by the benefits. She had lost her son, and bore scars of the virus herself. When an epidemic of smallpox occurred in England in 1721, she ordered that her daughter be inoculated. Many people visited her daughter, and were impressed at the results of inoculation. Eventually, inoculation was tested in Newgate Prison. This was before the members of the royal family were inoculated. After the success in England, many European countries began to use inoculation against smallpox.

Decline in Use
--------------

In 1796 Edward Jenner discovered a vaccine against smallpox which had a very low death rate. It was also more effective. Inoculation began to be replaced by this new vaccine, and was eventually outlawed in England in 1840. France banned Inoculation in 1762 due to the death rates associated with it.
**Jalal** (Arabic: جلال) is a masculine given or family name. The name or word **Jalal** means **majesty** and is used to honor and venerate.

When the Arabic language spread across non-Arabic regions, **Jalal** has also become a name for some Arabic-speaking Christians, non-Arab Muslims, and non-Arabs and has been added to other language dictionaries with the majestic meaning.

Another form is **Galal**, where the first letter **"ج"** is pronounced like hard **g /*g*/** in English. **Galal** might have other meanings in different languages. 

This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

Examples
--------

  

The word **Jalal** could be found in many history, art, religious, and poetry books. For example:

1. **Jalal** is used as a characteristic when addressing royals like kings and lords in history, myth, and formal occasion.
2. **Jalál** the second month and the **Saturday** as a first day of the week in the Bahá’í calendar.

Given name
----------

* Jalal Agha (1945–1995), Indian actor and director
* Jalal Talabani, Iraqi politician (1933-2017)
* Jalal Dabagh, Iraqi politician
* Jalal Allakhverdiyev, Azerbaijani mathematician

Family name
-----------

* Farida Jalal, Persian actor

Related pages
-------------

* Jalil (disambiguation)
Not to be confused with Kounu Leima.

**Koujeng Leima** (Old Manipuri: Koucheng Leima) is a goddess in Meitei mythology and religion. She is a wife of God Koubru. She began as a tribal lady.
She is one of the nine Laibenthous (goddesses who participated in the festival of God Eputhou Thangjing).

Etymology
---------

The female given name "Koucheng Leima" (ꯀꯧꯆꯦꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ, /kə́u.ceŋ lə́i.ma/) or "Koujeng Leima" (ꯀꯧꯖꯦꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ, /kə́u.jeŋ lə́i.ma/) is made up of two Meitei language words, "Koucheng" and "Leima". Morphologically, "Koucheng" (ꯀꯧꯆꯦꯡ, /kə́u.ceŋ/) is made up of "Kou" (ꯀꯧ, /kə́u/) and "Cheng" (ꯆꯦꯡ, /ceŋ/). In Meitei language (Manipuri language), "Kou" (ꯀꯧ, /kə́u/) means "short" or "insufficient". The term is usually used to mean clothes, curtains, draperies, dresses or tapestries.
"Cheng" (ꯆꯦꯡ, /ceŋ/) or its derivative "Jeng" (ꯖꯦꯡ, /jeŋ/) means "to become narrower" or "to get compressed" in Meitei language (Manipuri language).
The Meitei term "Leima" (ꯂꯩꯃ, /lə́i.ma/) means queen. The word "Leima" (ꯂꯩꯃ, /lə́i.ma/) itself is made up of two words, "Lei" (ꯂꯩ, /lə́i/) and "Ma" (ꯃ, /ma/). "Lei" (ꯂꯩ, /lə́i/) means land and "Ma" (ꯃ, /ma/) means mother.

Mythology
---------

Legends say that goddess Koujeng Leima (Old Manipuri: Koucheng Leima) is a tribal lady. So she has a separate home. She is not allowed to participate in the assembly of the gods and goddesses at the Lai Haraoba of God Koubru. In the evening of the day of *Lai Lamthokpa* ceremony of the Lai Haraoba festival, God Koubru, his wife, his son and his daughter-in-law visited the shrine of goddess Koujeng Leima.

Worship
-------

One day of the Lai Haraoba of God Koubru is especially shifted to the abode (pantheon) of Goddess Koujeng Leima. It is done in her honor. In the shrine of goddess Koujeng Leima, every single events done at other days will be re-enacted.

During the period of political turmoil in September, 2009, many pilgrims offered prayers to Goddess Koujeng Leima in her sacred shrine of the *"Koujeng Leima Lairembi Laiphamlen"* in Sekmai. They invoked her for the success of the movements led by the *Apunba Lup* and for the restoration of peace in Manipur.

Namesake
--------

The *"Koujeng Leima Youth Development Organisation"* is an active youth group in Sekmai region of Manipur. It functions in the actions against drugs and intoxicants. On the 31st December of 2013 and the New Year Day of 2014, the organization imposed a ban on picnicking in Sekmai. Later, the ban was lifted. However, they cautioned people not to drink alcohol and become drunk.

Related pages
-------------

* Kounu
* Nungthel Leima
* Loyalakpa

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Koucheng Leima***.

* Division, India Census (1969). Minapur. Office of the Registrar General. p. 15.
* Lancha, Ningthouja. KANGLA LANPUNG Volume VIII Issue II: Summer 2014. RK Sanatomba Memorial Trust, Imphal.
* General, India Office of the Registrar (1962). Census of India, 1961. Manager of Publications. p. 48.
**Infante José of Portugal, Prince of Brazil, Duke of Braganza** (20 August 1761 – 11 September 1788) was the heir apparent to the Kingdom of Portugal until his death in 1788, as the eldest child of Queen Maria I of Portugal and King Pedro III of Portugal. He was also the **Prince of Beira** but better known as the Prince of Brazil. 

José died of smallpox at the age of 27, causing his younger and ill-prepared brother, Infante João, to become heir-apparent and eventually King. João's reign would be a turbulent one, seeing Napoleonic invasion of Portugal and the loss of the Portuguese Empire's largest and wealthiest colony, Brazil.

Early life
----------

José was born at the *Real Barraca* where the Palace of Ajuda in Lisbon stands today. He was named after his grandfather who was the ruling King of Portugal at the time of his birth. His grandfather created him "Prince of Beira", this being the first time when the title was given to a male.

At the time of his birth, his parents were the Prince and Princess of Brazil, his mother the Heir presumptive of the king.

Marriage
--------

On 21 February 1777, he married his 30-year-old aunt the Infanta Benedita of Portugal. José was 15 years old. Benedita was an attractive woman and the main candidate for the wife of José. The marriage was the great wish of king José.

They had no children. Benedita miscarried twice, in 1781 and in 1786. Three days after their wedding, José's grandfather and Benedita's father the old King José died, and his mother succeeded as queen in her own right. Infante José became the new crown prince, being accorded the titles Prince of Brazil and 14th Duke of Braganza.

Death and legacy
----------------

José died at the age of 27 of smallpox. Upon José's death, his younger brother Infante John became heir-apparent to the throne and thus the new Prince of Brazil. José died on the Ajuda Royal Complex in Lisbon. His mother and wife were very badly affected by his death. His wife would be known as the "Dowager Princess of Brazil" till her death in 1829.

Burial
------

José is buried in the Royal Pantheon of the House of Braganza in Lisbon, the resting place for most of the members of the House of Braganza.

Titles, styles, and honours
---------------------------

### Titles and styles

* **20 August 1761 – 24 February 1777** *His Royal Highness* The Prince of Beira, Duke of Barcelos.
* **24 February 1777 – 11 September 1788** *His Royal Highness* The Prince of Brazil, Duke of Braganza.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to José, Prince of Beira and Brazil at Wikimedia Commons
Hall of Mirrors
The **Hall of Mirrors** (French: *Grande Galerie, Galerie des Glaces, Galerie de Louis XIV*) is a gallery in the Palace of Versailles, France. It was constructed on what was once a terrace designed by Le Vau. Mansart and Le Brun designed and built the Hall between 1678 and 1684. The Hall is decorated with marble. The "French order" capitals depict a cock, Apollo, and fleur-de-lys. The walls and cornices are decorated with gilded bronze trophies by Coysevox, Tubi, Le Gros, Clérion, and Flamen. The niches contain depictions of Bacchus, Urania, Modesty, Venus in Modesty and antiques from the collections of King Louis XIV.

The ceiling depicts the War with Holland (1672-1678). The medallions and trompe l'œil paintings depict the War of Devolution (1667-1668). They also depict the administrative reforms in the early years of Louis XIV's reign. Two of the four alabaster tables are from the collections of the duc d'Antin. The vases and busts are from the Royal collections. The 1770 chandeliers and candelabra were reconstructed in 1980 after the originals and documents in the archives.

Ceiling paintings
During the 17th century, the Hall of Mirrors was used by Louis XIV when he walked from his private apartment to the chapel. At this time, courtiers assembled to watch the king and members of the royal family pass. In 1745 the Hall was the scene of "The Yew Tree Ball". It was at this event that Louis XV met Madame de Pompadour. In the 19th century, the Prussian king, William I, was declared German emperor on 18 January 1871 in the Hall of Mirrors by Bismarck and the victorious German princes and lords. French Prime Minister Clemenceau chose the Hall of Mirrors to sign the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I on 28 June 1919. The Hall of Mirrors still serves for state occasions such as receptions for visiting heads of state.

Gallery
-------

* CandelabraCandelabra
* Treaty of Versailles, 1919Treaty of Versailles, 1919
* ChandelierChandelier
* WindowsWindows
***Is It Cake?*** is an American reality game show about cake artists competing to make cake replicas out of fast food, handbags, and more. It is hosted by Mikey Day. All 8 episodes of the show premiered on Netflix on March 18, 2022.

Plot
----

Skilled cake artists create mouthwatering replicas of handbags, sewing machines and more in a mind-bending baking contest inspired by a popular meme.

Episodes
--------

1. "Fast-Food Fakeout" - Flavourful cakes pose as fast-food favourites like burgers, tacos, and breakfast sandwiches.

2. "Phony Fashion" - Bakers create delicious decoys of shoes, designer bags, and other department store finds.

3. "Fake by the Ocean" - Clever contestants camouflage their cakes to look like things seen at the beach.

4. "Imposter in Aisle 5" - Making veggies, challah, and cellophane-wrapped steak into a cake.

5. "Cake Crashers" - Remarkable cake art mimics items found at a party like red Solo cups and salty snacks.

6. "Garage Mirage" - Cake takes the form of garage sale scores, including a bowling pin and an antique radio.

7. "Toying Around" - Baking cakes that look like toys.

8. "Winner Fakes All!" - The top three contenders design the cakes of their dreams for a shot at a $50,000 prize.
*Huyangosaurus taibaii* skeleton from the Beijing Museum of Natural History.
Skull of *Huayangosaurus taibaii*, on display at the Paleozoological Museum of China.
***Huayangosaurus*** is a genus of stegosaurian dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of China. The name comes from "Huayang", a name for Sichuan province. 

It lived about 165 million years ago. That is some 20 million years before its famous relative, *Stegosaurus* appeared in North America. At only 4.5 metres long, it was also much smaller than its famous cousin. Found in the Lower Shaximiao Formation, *Huayangosaurus* shared the local landscape with the sauropods *Shunosaurus*, *Datousaurus*, *Omeisaurus* and *Protognathosaurus*, the ornithopod *Xiaosaurus* and the carnivorous *Gasosaurus*.

Description
-----------

Like other stegosaurians, *Huayangosaurus* was a quadrupedal herbivore with a small skull and a spiked tail. *Huayangosaurus* had the distinctive double row of plates of all stegosaurians. These plates rose vertically along its arched back. In *Huayangosaurus*, the plates were more spike-like than in *Stegosaurus*. Like *Stegosaurus* it had two pairs of long spikes extending horizontally near the end of its tail.

*Huayangosaurus* was one of the smallest known stegosaurians, at just 4.5 meters  in length.

Discovery and species
---------------------

*Huayangosaurus* remains from twelve animals were got from the Dashanpu Quarry near Zigong in Sichuan. The type species is *H. taibaii*.

Classification
--------------

As the most basal stegosaurian, it is put in its own family *Huayangosauridae*. It is also morphologically distinct from later (stegosaurid) forms. Its skull was broader and had premaxillary teeth in the front of its mouth. All later stegosaurians lost these teeth.

Palaeobiology
-------------

It had plates all down its back and spikes on its tail. Two large spikes were above its hips, and may have been used for deterring an attack from above (it was fairly short in height compared to later stegosaurians). Its plates were smaller than those of *Stegosaurus*, with much less surface area. Thus they would have been much less effective heat regulators, one of the supposed functions of plates.

Popular culture
---------------

Mounted skeletons of *Huayangosaurus* are on display at the Zigong Dinosaur Museum in Zigong and the Municipal Museum of Chongqing in Sichuan Province in China.

Other websites
--------------

* Stegosauria Archived 2009-07-29 at the Wayback Machine
* *Huayangosaurus* Factsheet - Australian Museum
**Jose Carlos Araujo Nunes** (born 1977 in Castelo de Paiva) is a Portuguese footballer who plays for RCD Mallorca. Before he played in very important teams like: Maia (1997-2001), Salgueiros (2001-2002), Gil Vicente (2002-2004), Sporting de Braga (2004-2006). In his history he won a lot of awards the best award is the Champions League in his career.
Nunes made his debut for the new club on the 29th septiembre, starting in a 0–3 home loss to FC Barcelona.
In mid-August 2011, Nunes suffered a serious knee injury during a friendly with S.S.C. Napoli.
Nunes has traveled with the Portuguese in the last world cup but only plays two games in all the World Cup
He palays with the best players in the world.
Played versus the best players in the worldfor example:
Eto'o,Cristiano Ronaldo, Leo Messi and many more
This season will be the last of Nunes
Nunes is married to a European model and has a nine year old daughter
First captain of RCD Mallorca
When he was nine years Portuguese call it a team to play tournament after tournament and call him a German team.
Nunes continued to figure prominently in 2009–10, as Mallorca won its first 10 home league games of the campaign.
**Heathcote National Park** is a national park in east New South Wales, and about 34 km southwest of Sydney. The park is west of the Royal National Park near the suburbs of *Heathcote* and *Waterfall*.

Description
-----------

The park is 22.5 km² eucalyptus forest. Private vehicles may not enter. Walkers go in through the entrance on *Freeman Road* in Heathcote. A trail begins behind the Boy Scout Hall on Freeman Road. It goes south past water holes and small waterfalls. The path ends at the Woronora Dam, although there are several other entrances to the park around Heathcote and Waterfall.

History
-------

Before the forest area became a park, a group of hikers had leased most of the area. Presumably they created some of the early hiking trails and campsites. The area later became a *state park* and again later a national park.

Aboriginals lived in the area and left traces in various places. In addition, a number of European settlers lived during the Great Depression in the 1930s in simple huts, leaving only scant ruins in places like *Myuna Creek* back

Geography
---------

The park consists of the deeply furrowed Hawkesbury sandstone plateau, part of the '' Woronora Plateau ''. *Heathcote Creek*, a tributary of the Woronora River, is found in a gorge. The sandstone is about 200 million Years old and has been around for around 94 million Years ago. After each period of land uplift, the watercourses dug into the sandstone. Heathcote Creek tumbles down some waterfalls to the Woronora River on the north edge of the park.

Flora
-----

The hills and arid slopes are covered with forests dominated by *angophora* and eucalyptus. Grass trees are common. The undergrowth consists of bushes such as *banksia*, *hakea* and wax flowers. *Doryanthes excelsa* and *Allocasuarina torulosa* grow on more humid slopes. *Eucalyptus patens* and Grevillings grow in the valley of Heathcote Creek.

Fauna
-----

Short-headed glide pouches, common ring pouches and probably also eastern pygmy possums live on *Mirang Creek* and in *Minda Gully*. There are also swamp wallabies. Often you can also see honey-eaters and gray-backed lyre tails.

Other websites
--------------

* nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/
* *List of animals recorded in the park*
* NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service
**Jose W. Diokno Boulevard**, or **J.W. Diokno Boulevard** which stands for Jose Wright Diokno Boulevard, is a 4.38-kilometer (2.72 mi) long road that runs north–south along the eastern perimeter of the SM Mall of Asia complex and parallel to Macapagal Boulevard in Bay City, Metro Manila, Philippines.

Access
------

It provides access from the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex (CCP Complex) and Roxas Boulevard north to the shopping and lifestyle hub by the Manila Bay in Pasay. Motorists tend to use the highway as the less congested alternative route from Manila to the Bay City vis-à-vis its parallel partner road in Macapagal Boulevard. It also connects to Entertainment City further south in Parañaque, and unlike Macapagal Boulevard is situated along the coastline overlooking the Manila Bay.

Renaming
--------

The 8-lane median-divided boulevard was formerly known as **Bay Boulevard**. It was renamed in 2007, including the short extension of Gil Puyat Avenue in CCP Complex which connects it to Roxas Boulevard, after the founding chair of the Commission on Human Rights, Free Legal Assistance Group (FLAG) founder, and former Filipino senator, José Wright Diokno. The road was constructed by the Philippine Reclamation Authority and was completed in 2011.

Route
-----

On the southbound lane of Jose Diokno Boulevard looking towards Entertainment City
Jose Diokno Boulevard, at the intersection of Coral Way
### Beginning

Jose Diokno Boulevard starts at the intersection with Roxas Boulevard by the World Trade Center Metro Manila as a direct continuation of Gil Puyat Avenue from Pasay and Makati. It travels westward for 1.45 kilometers (0.90 mi) between the CCP Complex to the north and World Trade Center Manila to the south, crossing the northern end of Macapagal Boulevard before curving south past the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) Complex.

### Bridges

The 100-meter (330 ft) Libertad Bridge carries the boulevard across the Libertad Channel. It connects the CCP and GSIS complexes with the SM Central Business Park. This is where it becomes a north–south road running for 1.28 kilometers (0.80 mi) across the SM Mall of Asia complex. This section of the boulevard is dominated by a roundabout with a large globe in the middle. It serves as the terminus to Epifanio de los Santos Avenue.

### Cities

After crossing the Redemptorist Channel, the boulevard enters Parañaque and the Aseana City and Entertainment City. It runs for 1.65 kilometers (1.03 mi) from Redemptorist to Asia World City, intersecting with Asean Avenue, where the boulevard then becomes part of the NAIA Expressway (NAIAX) At-Grade section. It then finally arrives at its southern terminus at New Seaside Road, where NAIAX At-Grade continues, by the Okada Manila development.

Landmarks
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* Boomland (defunct amusement park)
* CCP Open Field
* CITEM (Center for International Trade Expositions and Missions)
* Government Service Insurance System Center
	+ Senate of the Philippines
Josef Krips
**Josef Krips** (born Vienna, 8 April 1902; died Geneva, 13 October 1974) was an Austrian conductor and violinist.

Krips was born into a Jewish family. He became a pupil of Eusebius Mandyczewski and Felix Weingartner. From 1921 to 1924, he was Weingartner's assistant at the Vienna Volksoper where he worked as repetiteur and chorus master. Afterwards he became conductor of several orchestras, including the orchestra in Karlsruhe from 1926 to 1933. In 1933 he returned to Vienna as conductor of the Volksoper. He also became a professor at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts in 1935. He often conducted at the Salzburg Festival between 1935 and 1938.

In 1938, when the Nazi's took power in Austria, (the Anschluss), Krips had to leave the country because he was Jewish and Roman Catholic. He worked in Belgrade until Yugoslavia also became involved in World War II. For the rest of the war he worked in a food factory.

In 1945 he went back to Austria, where he was one of the few conductors who were allowed to work, because he had not worked under the Nazi regime. He was the first person after the war to conduct the Vienna Philharmonic and the Salzburg Festival where he conducted Mozart's opera *Don Giovanni*.

From 1950 to 1954 Krips was principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra. Afterwards he conducted the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra and the San Francisco Symphony (from 1963 to 1970). He gave his first performance at Covent Garden in 1963 and appeared at the Metropolitan Opera in 1966. From then on he often conducted there. In 1970, he became conductor of the Deutsche Oper in Berlin. Between 1970 and 1973, he was the principal conductor of the Vienna Symphony Orchestra.

Krips died in Geneva, Switzerland in 1974.

His brother Henry was also a musician. He emigrated to Australia where he conducted the orchestra in Adelaide. Then he returned to London where he often conducted Viennese light music.
**Human rights in Sierra Leone** are very bad in Sierra Leone. They have improved slowly since the end of its civil war in 2002. Among the major human-rights problems in Sierra Leone are "security force abuse and use of force with detainees, including children; conditions in prisons and jails; people being arrested without reason; long detention, excessive bail, and bad legal representation; interference with freedom of speech and press; using force against demonstrators; corruption; discrimination and violence against women, discrimination based on sexual orientation; female genital mutilation (FGM); child abuse; human trafficking, including children; and forced child labor".

Sierra Leone has agreed to or ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, and the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights.

In September 2011, Sierra Leone's First UPR Report was adopted by the UN Human Rights Council (HRC) in Geneva. Of the 129 recommendations made by the review committee on 5 May 2011, the government of Sierra Leone said that it had already implemented 57.

In November 2012, Sierra Leone was elected to the U.N. Human Rights Council.

LGBT
----

Male homosexuality is illegal but female is not. People who are known to be gay suffer social discrimination. There are secret LGBT support groups in the country. Lesbians are often raped. These rapes are often planned by their families with the intention of "turning them straight".
**Hepatitis B** is a disease of the liver. It is caused by a virus. The virus is not spread by food or casual contact. It can be spread by blood or body fluids from an infected person. A baby can get it from its mother during childbirth. It can also be spread by sexual contact, reuse of needles, and transfusions of blood with the virus in it.

Infection with hepatitis B can be prevented by vaccination, where an injection is given which makes the body immune to the virus. It is recommended that all people are given a series of three vaccines over a few months when they are babies to ensure good protection against this virus. However, vaccination only provides 90% protection, it does not completely remove the risk of infection.

Some people who are infected are able to beat the virus quickly. Many people are infected for life. Usually they have few or no symptoms. Sometimes the liver is damaged severely, causing liver failure. A common symptom of liver failure is jaundice, where the person's skin and eyes turn yellow due to a build-up of body products which would normally be filtered by the liver. Another problem with hepatitis B is that it can cause cancer of the liver.

Blood tests can find signs that the liver is being damaged. If people have those signs, treatment for hepatitis B can prevent the liver damage caused by the virus. Antiviral medications are given, which prevent the virus from making copies of itself. However, once the virus is in the liver, it is not possible to get rid of the virus completely.
**ICQ** is a cross-platform instant messaging and VoIP client. The name ICQ derives from the English phrase "I Seek You". Originally developed by the Israeli company Mirabilis in 1996, the client was bought by AOL in 1998, and then by Mail.Ru Group in 2010.

The ICQ client application and service were initially released in November 1996, freely available to download. ICQ was among the first stand-alone instant messenger (IM)—while real-time chat was not in itself new (Internet Relay Chat (IRC) being the most common platform at the time), the concept of a fully centralized service with individual user accounts focused on one-on-one conversations set the blueprint for later instant messaging services like AIM, and its influence is seen in modern social media applications. ICQ became the first widely adopted IM platform.

At its peak around 2001, ICQ had more than 100 million accounts registered. At the time of the Mail.Ru acquisition in 2010, there were around 42 million daily users. Since 2013, ICQ has 11 million monthly users.
Pedro Berruguete, *Saint Dominic Presides over an Auto da Fe* (c. 1495) (Portuguese for "Act of Faith").
This painting is how Francisco de Goya imagined the Inquisition. It was drawn from 1812 to 1819
The **Inquisition** was the legal agent of the Catholic Church against heresy in the Middle Ages. It did two main things. First, it issued a list (the Index) of published books banned because they contained heresy. The faithful were forbidden to read such books. Second, it prosecuted individuals thought guilty of heresy.

Later versions of the Inquisitions had the power to use torture or the threat of torture to get confessions and religious conversions. It had the power to order executions. The standard method was to burn heretics alive, or to strangle them in public. The actual deed was done by the civil authorities.

The full name of the Inquisition was the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (Latin: *Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide*) of the Catholic Church. It developed in stages. The first permanent Inquisition was established in 1229. It was run by the Dominicans in Rome. In 1478 Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile set up the Spanish Inquisition.

In 1542 Pope Paul III established the Congregation of the Holy Office of the Inquisition as a tribunal staffed with cardinals and other officials. This version supervised the local Inquisitions in other countries, and also investigated important cases from Italy. The most famous case it tried was that of Galileo Galilei in 1633.

The word **Inquisition** comes from Latin *quaerere*. That means *to turn*, *to ask a question*.

Related pages
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* Giordano Bruno
* Galileo Galilei
* Index Librorum Prohibitorum
* Spanish Inquisition
**Sudan's** human rights record has been widely condemned. Some human rights organizations have documented a variety of abuses and atrocities carried out by the Sudanese government over the past several years under the rule of Omar al-Bashir.

LGBT rights
-----------

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in Sudan face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female same-sex sexual activity has been illegal in Sudan, with sentences including but not limited to capital punishment. However, in July 2020, the sodomy law that previously punished gay men with up to 100 lashes for the first offence, five years in jail for the second and the death penalty the third time around was abolished, with new legislation reducing the penalty to prison terms ranging from five years to life. Sudanese LGBT+ activists hailed the reform as a 'great first step', but said it was not enough yet, and the end goal should be the decriminalisation of gay sexual activity altogether.
Oman is an absolute monarchy in which all legislative, executive, and judiciary power ultimately rests in the hands of the hereditary sultan, and in which the system of laws is based firmly on Islamic sharia. Although a report by the U.S. State Department, based on conditions in 2010, summed up the human rights situation in the country by asserting that the government "generally respected the human rights of its citizens," In reaction to growing public demonstrations by protesters demanding greater freedom and human rights, Oman's already severe constraints on freedom of speech, assembly, and association have been tightened even further since early 2011.

LGBT rights
-----------

There is considerable discrimination against LGBT persons, and individuals engaging in homosexual conduct are subject to prosecution and can be imprisoned for up to three years. In 2009, nine persons were prosecuted for sodomy. Any discussion whatsoever of sexual orientation in Oman is taboo, and LGBT content on the Internet is censored.

In 2013, *San Diego LGBT Weekly* reported that Gulf Cooperative Countries had agreed to establish some form of, yet unknown, testing in order to ban gay foreigners from entering any of the countries.
**Human rights in India** is a hard issue in the nation.

Background
----------

The issues are caused by the country's large size and population. For other reasons, there are:

* widespread poverty
* lack of education
* diverse culture

Laws
----

The Constitution of India gives fundamental rights. This includes freedom of religion. Clauses also provide for freedom of speech, as well as separation of executive and judiciary and freedom of movement within the country and abroad. The country also has an independent judiciary as well as bodies to look into issues of human rights.

LGBT rights
-----------

See the main article: LGBT rights in the Republic of India
Until the Delhi High Court allowed private sexual acts between consenting adults on 2 July 2009, homosexuality was considered criminal as per interpretations of the ambiguous Section 377 of the 150-year-old Indian Penal Code (IPC). It was a law passed by the British colonial government. However, this law was very rarely enforced.

### Judges

In its ruling to allow homosexuality, the Delhi High Court noted that existed law conflicted with the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution of India, and such ban violates Articles 21, 14 and 15 of the Constitution.

#### 2010s

On 11 December 2013, homosexuality was again banned by a Supreme Court ruling.

On 6 September 2018, a five judge constitutional bench of the Supreme Court of India, in a landmark judgement, allowed homosexuality.

#### 2020s

On June 7, 2021, the Madras High Court ruled that it would take strict action against anyone found attempting to medically "cure" or change the sexual orientation of the LGBTQIA+ community to heterosexual. In its judgement, Justice N Anand Venkatesh also gave directives to educational institutions to sensitize students. Also, it instructed police and prison authorities to conduct programs that not just sensitized police personnel but also ensured non-discrimination of the LGBTQIA+ community.
**John Dewey** (20 October 1859 - June 1st 1952) was an American psychologist and philosopher. He was born in Burlington, Vermont. Dewey graduated from the University of Vermont. He later taught at many schools. In September 1882, Dewey went to the Johns Hopkins University and studied philosophy and psychology and published the paper, "The New Psychology" in the *Andover Review* in 1884. Afterwards, he taught psychology at universities and later on, got married to his former student Alice Chipman. In 1886, he started a new school which came to be known as the "Laboratory School" or "Dewey School". This school taught pragmatism, which says that a school's curriculum should be based on everyday life, lessons, and focuses on hands-on activities to better help students learn. His wife Alice was principal of the "Dewey School" from 1901 to 1904. After he retired as a teacher, he continued watching and figuring the society and politics. John Dewey died in 1952.

Theory
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John Dewey believed in the "theory of inquiry", which shows how animals survived in their environment. He used the theory in the way he taught. He said that children learn best with real-life problems and hands-on activities. His most well-known essay was "The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology" (1896) which created the stimulus that became the response, which later became known as social behaviorism. For example, a person focuses on something, decides what to do, then acts on the decision.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to John Dewey at Wikimedia Commons  

 Works related to John Dewey at Wikisource  

 Quotations related to John Dewey at Wikiquote  

 Learning materials related to John Dewey at Wikiversity
Jallikattu at Tamil Nadu in 2019.
**Jallikattu** is a traditional event in Tamil Nadu. It is an ancient Tamil event where participants try to embrace a bull, when the bull try to knock them off. It displays the bravery of a person who embraces the bull. The person who wins the event was awarded with money in the ancient Tamil period

The earliest history of Jallikattu was from about 2500 years ago. It is held on the day of third day of Pongal festival and second day of Thai month of the Tamil calendar which is known as Maatu Pongal.

The Supreme Court ordered a ban on this event on 7th of May,2014 because of animal welfare issues.And the Tamil Nadu youngsters protested against the Supreme Court's decision at the Marina beach .Despite being banned more than 2 million people participate in this annual event. The ongoing protests forced the government of India to issue a special ordinance for jallikattu and hence the ban was lifted by the Union Government on 8th of Januar,2018. Organisations like PETA protested against this order and the people of Tamil Nadu asked for the banishment of this organisation from the state.