recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Mabel "Madea" Simmons** is a fictional African American character. "Madea" is played by Tyler Perry in drag clothing.

History of *Madea*
------------------

### Madea's personality

Madea was born in New Orleans, Louisiana on April 26, 1935. "Big Mabel" Murfy was the name of her mother. Frederick Simmons was the name of her father. Madea grew up with a strict mother who was also nurturing to Madea's emotions. At age 9, Madea was charged for petty theft. When Madea was 16 years of age, her parents moved to Atlanta, Georgia. There, she attended Booker T. Washington High School. She had tried out for cheerleading and became a cheerleader. By the time Madea was 17, she began going out to night clubs and house parties. Her parents allowed Madea to party at this age. Around this time, Madea became a stripper and was given the name "Delicious". At 18, Madea was charged with illegal gambling, check fraud and identity theft. Around this time, Madea had at least two or three children. She supported herself and her children by pool dancing, stripping and professional wrestling. Madea graduated her high school in May 1959. That night, she had an affair with Thoedure Leroy Brown (also known as "Mr. Brown"). Madea became pregnant and had given birth to Cora Jean Simmons Brown. However, in the movie Madea's Big Happy Family, Mr. Brown had a DNA test which confirmed that he was not the father. Madea was diagnosed with type one diabetes and depression in her early 20s. She had became a bitter women around this time.

Madea's appearance is an elderly women who is not afraid to threaten anybody with her pistol. Madea usually helps her family through life situations, struggles and helping her family cope with one another. She teaches them wisdom; which helps them in their everyday life. Madea is also a forceful women who teaches young adults to act mature. Madea has been locked up in prison several times. She has outlived several of her husbands and lives off of their life security checks. Madea uses bad language and tone to speak to her family when they are disrespectful. She also has a bad temper and bad way of dealing with anger. Madea is known to be half African American and quarter-Cherokee Indian. She likes going to the casino on Sunday, rather than going to the church. Although Madea does not read the bible, she uses it to manipulate situations in order to justify what she had done.

Plays
-----

* I Can Do Bad All By Myself (1999)
* Diary of a Mad Black Woman (2001)
* Madea's Family Reunion (2002)
* Madea's Class Reunion (2003)
* Madea Goes to Jail (2006)
* Madea's Big Happy Family (2010)
* A Madea Christmas (2011)

Movies
------

* Diary of a Mad Black Woman (2005)
* Madea's Family Reunion (2006)
* Meet The Browns (2008) (cameo)
* Madea Goes to Jail (2009)
* I Can Do Bad All By Myself (2009)
* Madea's Big Happy Family (2011)
* Madea's Witness Protection (2012)
* A Madea Christmas (2013)
* Madea's Tough Love (2015) (animated movie)
**Robert "Rob" Nelson** (born August 13, 1979, Denver, Colorado, United States) is an American biologist, documentary filmmaker, and television personality.

He is a regular contributor to the Science Channel documentary series *What on Earth?* Starting in 2017, he was the host and researcher of the Science Channel documentary series *Secrets of the Underground*, whose goal was to examine long-held legendary mysteries that lie below the surfaces of streets, buildings, soil, salt and fresh water, etc. Nelson also hosted the popular hit Animal Planet documentary, *Life After Chernobyl* in 2015. 

He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in biology and marine science from the University of Miami, a Master of Science degree from the University of Hawaii at Mānoa, and a Master of Fine Arts degree from the Montana State University.

He won an Emmy Award in 2014 for his work on *Mysteries of the Driftless,* a documentary film about the Driftless Area, a region in the Midwestern United States, which was never covered by glaciers during the last ice age. He later filmed a sequel of the *Mysteries of the Driftless* in 2018.

Nelson's current work includes being the director of *Untamed Science* where he hosts a YouTube show by the same name. His show works closely with the North Carolina Zoo to help tell untold animal stories.
**Petronella "Nelly"/"Nel" Blaauboer-van Balen Blanken**, with surname also spelled as **Blauwboer** and **Blauwbos** (18 November 1917 — 29 October 2008) was a Dutch athlete, who competed in the high jump, long jump and hurdles in the late 1930s and 1940s. She was a member of athletics club Sagitta [nl] and represented the Netherlands at international competitions. Fanny Blankers-Koen was a member of the same club in the same period. She became the silver high jump medalist at the 1938 European Athletics Championships.

Career
------

One of her first main international achievement was in 1937, when Van Balen won the high jump event in an international competition against Germany.

Van Balen Blanken won the silver medal at the 1938 European Athletics Championships in the high jump event. In October 1938 she became the European record holder in the high jump, after the record was taken from record holder Dora Ratjen who turned out to be a male in a medical research.

During her career Van Balen Blanken won many medals at the National Championships. She became national champion in 1938 ahead of Fanny Blankers-Koen. In 1940 she won silver medals in the long jump and high jump, both behind Blankers-Koen. At the 1943 national championships she became national champion in the high jump and 80 metres.

She continued competing after her marriage. Her last reported achievements, including competing still at international competitions, are from 1948.

Personal life
-------------

Van Balen Blanken was born on 18 November 1917 in Anna Paulowna. After the death of her husband Jacob Blaauboer, she died on 29 October 2008 in Schagen at the age of 90.

Other websites
--------------

* Atletiek Vrouwen in Oranje 1928 – 1939
* newspaper image
Ryuk is a Shinigami (God of Death) in the *Death Note* franchise. The character has been created by the writer Tsugumi Ohba and the illustrator Takeshi Obata of Death Note manga series. It is Ryuk who starts the events of the manga and other adaptations. Ryuk was completely bored with his daily life and wanted something interesting to relieve his Boredom. So Ryuk throws one of his Death Notes into the human world. This Death Note is picked up by high school student Light Yagami.

Light Yagami decides to use this notebook to kill all the criminals in the world and become the king of a perfect new world. The whole series then revolves around the rivalry between Light and L Lawliet (world's best detective) in the first part of the manga.

Appearance
----------

Ryuk has a humanoid body. His eyes are big, round and yellow. His hairs are spanky and his teeth are pointed. His skin is greyish-blue and lips are blue-grey. Also, Ryuk wears rings in his fingers.

Character
---------

Ryuk is a selfish character who wouldn't do anything unless he has some benefit from it. Light Yagami knows this and that's why he often bribes Ryuk with apples (that Ryuk loves) to get something done. Further, Ryuk likes the apples of human world because the apples of his realm are withered. They taste like sand. Many times Ryuk is seen hiding something from Light.

Ryuk is shy of girls. It is clearly seen when Misa hugs Ryuk out of excitement when she regains her memories.

> "Humans are so interesting". - Ryuk
> 
> 

When Light Yagami begins to use Death Note to kill criminals, Ryuk visits him for the first time. Also, Ryuk tells him that no one in the past has ever used a death note like that. He also says that humans are very interesting.
Max and Moritz
**Max and Moritz** (German: **Max und Moritz**) are two naughty little boys in a story by Wilhelm Busch. The stories were written in 1865 and are still extremely popular in Germany.

Wilhelm Busch was an artist as well as a writer. He wrote a lot of stories in rhyme and made drawings to go with them. *Max and Moritz* are stories like these. The two boys get up to lots of naughty pranks. There are seven stories (seven pranks). In the final prank they are caught and come to a sad end. In the 19th century writers had to show that bad behaviour would be punished in the end. The seven stories are stories with a moral.

The seven stories
-----------------

In the first story the boys tie pieces of bread onto pieces of string and put it down where an old woman, Widow Bolte, keeps her hens. The hens each try to swallow a piece of bread, which sticks in their throats and they end up hanging in the tree and die.

In the second story Widow Bolte, who is still crying, decides she might as well roast the hens. The boys take fishing rods, climb onto the roof and pull the frying chickens up with their rods. Widow Bolte finds the chickens gone, thinks her little dog has eaten them, and gives the poor dog a beating.

A statue in Cologne of Max and Moritz playing leapfrog
In the third story they take a saw and make a hole in the tiny wooden bridge outside the tailor’s house. They shout at the tailor, calling him names. He is furious and comes running out, the bridge breaks and he falls into the stream. Two flying geese save him. He has a terrible tummy ache but his wife puts a hot iron on his tummy and he feels better.

In the fourth story the boys put gunpowder in the pipe of the schoolmaster while he is in church. When he lights his pipe there is an explosion.

In the fifth story the boys collect beetles and put them under the mattress in their uncle’s bed. In the middle of the night, when the uncle is asleep, the beetles creep up on him. He wakes up and fights with them until he has killed them all.

In the sixth story the boys try to steal some pretzels (German rolls) from the bakery, but they fall into the tub of dough. The baker comes in and finds them. He bakes them in the oven, but when they are taken out they eat their way through the dough and escape.

In the seventh story the boys cut a hole in the farmer’s sacks. When the miller picks one of these sacks up he realizes the grain is spilling. He sees the boys, puts them in the sack and takes them to the mill, where the miller grinds them into corn and feeds them to his ducks.
**Ignatius Sancho** was an African born around 1729 on a slave ship. Towards the end of his extraordinary life, he became a British citizen and was eligible to vote in the parliamentary election of 1774, and then again in 1780.

The details of his early life are not certain. He was born on a slave ship crossing the Atlantic. The ship went to the Spanish colonies in Central America. His parents did not survive long, and he became orphaned. His owner took him to London, and he eventually came to live with John Montague, 2nd Duke of Montagu and Mary, Duchess of Montagu. Sancho worked as her butler until her death in 1751.

While living at Montague House in Blackheath, he educated himself. He enjoyed music, poetry, reading, and writing.

During the 1760s Sancho married a West Indian woman, Anne Osborne. He became a devoted husband and father. They had seven children. Around the time their third child was born, Sancho became a valet to George Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu (of the second creation), the son-in-law of his earlier patron. He remained there until 1773.

In 1768 Thomas Gainsborough painted a portrait of Sancho at the same time as the Duchess of Montagu sat for her portrait by the artist.

Plaque in King Charles Street, City of Westminster marking the location of Sancho's grocery store
In 1774, with Montague's help, he became a shopkeeper in Mayfair. He sold tobacco, sugar and tea, all of which were connected with the slave trade. As a male householder living in Mayfair, he was eligible to vote. He also wrote letters in newspapers, under his own name and under the pseudonym "Africanus". He supported the monarchy and British forces in the American Revolutionary War.

Sancho had many well-known visitors at his shop, including statesman and abolitionist Charles James Fox PC (1749–1806). Fox steered a resolution through Parliament pledging it to abolish the slave trade. A Foreign Slave Trade Bill in Spring 1806 prohibited British subjects from contributing to the trading of slaves with the colonies of Britain's wartime enemies. This cut out two-thirds of the slave trade passing through British ports.
Some neodymium in a glass tube
**Neodymium** is a chemical element that has the symbol **Nd** on the periodic table. It has the atomic number 60 which means it has 60 protons in an atom. Neodymium can be combined with other elements like iron and boron to create the very strong neodymium magnet, these magnets can lift up to 1000 times their own weight. Neodymium is a metal that forms a coating of oxide around itself when it is placed in air. It is usually used as neodymium magnets for hard disk drives.

Properties
----------

Though neodymium is called a rare earth metal, it is quite common, as common as nickel, cobalt or copper. Like every metal, neodymium is very shiny. It is a solid that melts at 1,024 degrees Celsius, or 1,875 degrees Fahrenheit. Neodymium is in a group of other elements called lanthanides, which are like each other in how they behave. When neodymium is dropped into water, it slowly changes into neodymium hydroxide, if the water or the neodymium itself is hot enough, the change is much faster, and the neodymium may explode. In the air, if the neodymium is hot enough, it can catch fire. Like every other metal, neodymium usually wants to get rid of its electrons, so the compounds it forms are usually with elements that want electrons, as oxygen does.

Uses
----

A neodymium magnet that has been taken out of a hard disk drive
The neodymium magnets used to make hard disk drives do not weaken over time: they are permanent magnets. They can also be used in microphones or speakers. Electric guitars may use these magnets inside their pickups.

| * v
* t
* e
Periodic table |
| --- |
| H |   | He |
| Li | Be |   | B | C | N | O | F | Ne |
| Na | Mg |   | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| K | Ca |   | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| Rb | Sr |   | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| Cs | Ba | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| Fr | Ra | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Alkali metals | Alkaline earth metals | Lanthanides | Actinides | Transition metals | Poor metals | Metalloids | Other nonmetals | Halogens | Noble gases |

 |
A famous spiral galaxy, the Pinwheel Galaxy (also known as Messier 101 or NGC 5457)
A barred spiral galaxy, NGC 1300
A **spiral galaxy** is a kind of galaxy that looks like a flat, slowly rotating disk with a bulge in the centre, and spiral patterns extending outward from the bulge. It contains stars, gas, dust, dark matter and a supermassive black hole at its centre.

Galaxies were long thought to be nebulae. The spiral nebula as a type was first described by Edwin Hubble in his 1936 work *The Realm of the Nebulae*. They are now listed as galaxies, and are named after their shape.

The **barred spiral galaxy** is an important and common type of spiral galaxy. There are three other kinds of spiral galaxies. *Grand-design* spiral galaxies have two well-shaped and well-defined arms. *Multiple-arm* spiral galaxies have more arms. In *flocculent* spiral galaxies, it is hard to see the arms at all, as they are choppy and are ill-defined.

About 60% of galaxies in the universe near us (the 'local universe') are spiral and irregular galaxies. They are mostly found in low-density parts of the universe, and are rare in the centers of galaxy clusters.

Spiral arms
-----------

**Spiral arms** are regions in spiral galaxies. They often contain dust,gas and star clusters of young ,hot and massive stars. They extend from the central bulge area of spiral and barred spiral galaxies. The young, hot and massive stars are why the arms are brighter than the center of the galaxy. Some spiral galaxies have yellow, 'fossil' arms of older stars.

Milky Way
---------

Our own Milky Way was found to be a spiral galaxy in the early 20th century. In the 1990s it was found to be a barred spiral galaxy. The bar is difficult to see from our position in the Galactic disk. The most convincing evidence for its existence comes from a survey,  performed by the Spitzer Space Telescope, of stars in the Galactic center.[*dead link*]

Other websites
--------------

* Media related to Spiral galaxies at Wikimedia Commons
Gen Hoshino
Gen Hoshino is a Japanese singer-songwriter. His songs are very famous and used in various TV shows. Meanwhile, he has been famous for his acting in Japanese dramas and films. He also improves his career by publishing some books and broadcasting his own radio channel. Therefore, he has been rewarded for his efforts with gaining his fame.

Personal Information
--------------------

He was born in Saitama Prefecture January 28th, 1981. His blood type is AB, and his height is 1.68m. 

He started his career as a musician in 2000. These days, not only as a musician he does well, but also as an actor. His music agent is Amuse, and his acting one is *Otona Keikaku*. His music genre is J-pop, folk and dance. He usually sings but sometimes plays the guitar and marimba.

Career
------

He has been a member of Sakerock which consisted of his friends from his high school since 2000. He played the guitar and marimba there, but this instrumental band was dissolved in 2015. Then he continued his music career as a solo artist. He became a well-known artist by his 8th single song, "SUN." Because of this song, he took part in *Kohaku Uta Gassen*, which is broadcasted on New Year’s Eve in Japan every year. Later, he acted in various Japanese dramas and films. For example, "The Full-Time Escapist" was famous for the story, actors’ acting skills and his song, "Koi." In this TV drama, he was one of the main casts.

Acting
------

His first drama acting was "Water Boys" in 2003, but he wasn't a main character. When he acted as the main character for the first time, he appeared on "Dr. Storks" in 2015. The story of this drama was the life of doctors who worked at obstetrics. Next year, 2016, he acted as a single man, *Hiramasa Tsuzaki* who employed a housekeeper. This drama was "The Full-Time Wife Escapist" and became popular. Two years later, he appeared on "*Idaten*" which was one of NHK (Taiga) historical dramas. In 2020, he appeared as a main character on "MIU404."

His first film acting was "64" in 2004. In 2017, he acted on "Night Is Short, Walk on Girl" by only his voice, because this movie was Japanese animation movie. Two years later, he acted as a samurai in "Samurai Shifters." In addition, his latest movie was "The Voice of Shin" in 2020.

Popular Songs
-------------

He became popular for his 8th single song, "SUN." This song was the theme song of Fuji TV drama, and this song got the 1st place of iTunes Weekly Ranking in July 2015 and January 2016. 

In 2016, he released his 9th single song, "*Koi*" which was the theme song of TBS drama, "The Full-Time Wife Escapist." Moreover, "*Koi* dance," the dance of this song, became very popular, especially among teenagers. 

In 2020, he composed an encouraging song, "*Uchi de Odoro*," during Japanese lockdown due to COVID-19. This song urged many people to stay at home.

Discography
-----------

1st album: *Baka no Uta*(2010)

2nd album: *Episode*(2011)

3rd album: *Stranger*(2013)

4th album: *Yellow Dancer*(2015)

5th album: *Pop Virus*(2018)
**Leopold** "**Leo**" **Lainer** (born September 10, 1960) is a former Austria international footballer. He played mainly for SV Austria Salzburg and SK Rapid Wien. He made more than 500 appearances in the Austrian Bundesliga.

Career
------

He started with his local club SK Maishofen. From there he went to SV Austria Salzburg. In 1982 he went on to SK Rapid Wien. 1988 he went to FC Wacker Innsbruck. In 1990 he came back to Salzburg. In 1996 he ended his professional career. After that he played at amateur level for different clubs mainly around Salzburg (SV Gerasdorf, SV Seekirchen 1945, PSV/Schwarz-Weiß Salzburg, FC Bergheim, SV Bad Ischl ). In 2005 his career ended.

International career
--------------------

His debut in the national team was on 17 November 1982 against Turkey (4-0) in Vienna. His last match was on 17 August 1994 against Russia (0-3) in Klagenfurt.

Manager
-------

After the end of his career he worked as an assistant coach for FC Pasching. Then he was a scout with FC Red Bull Salzburg. He also was coach in the Salzburg academy with the U15 and U16 team.

Personal life
-------------

His son Stefan Lainer is also a professional footballer. His daughter Franziska is also active as a football player and coach.

Honours
-------

* Austrian Football Bundesliga winner: 1983, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1994, 1995, 1997.
* Austrian Cup winner: 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1989.
* UEFA Cup Winners' Cup finalist: 1985.
* UEFA Cup finalist: 1994.
**Christoph Leitgeb** (born 14 April 1985 in Graz) is a former Austrian football player. He played in the Austrian Bundesliga for F. C. Red Bull Salzburg and Sturm Graz as midfielder. He also plays in the nationalteam and was member of Austrias team for the Euro 2008.

Career
------

He started playing football in the youth teams of SK Sturm Graz in his hometown. In the 2005/06 season he played his first match in the first team of Sturm Graz. The first goal he scored was on 22 April 2006 against Red Bull Salzburg. After two seasons with Sturm Graz he signed with FC Red Bull Salzburg. In his first year he played regularly, but in his second year he had problems with his knees. The following years he came back and played very often from the beginning.

After spending 12 years in Salzburg he went back to SK Sturm Graz. In 2020 he ended his career and works now as scout for SK Sturm.

International career
--------------------

His first international match was in a friendly against Croatia on 23 June 2006. (1:4) Till today he played 27 times in the national team of Austria. In the Euro he played in the second match versus Poland (0:1) and the third match versus Germany where he came on in minute 55 for Martin Hiden. (0:1)

Honours
-------

* Austrian Champion with F.C. Red Bull Salzburg: 2009, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
* Austrian Cup: 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017
* European Championsship 2008 with Austria

| * v
* t
* e
Austria squad – UEFA Euro 2008 |
| --- |
| 
* 1 Macho
* 2 Manninger
* 3 Öczan
* 4 Aufhauser
* 5 Fuchs
* 6 Garics
* 7 Gercaliu
* 8 Harnik
* 9 Hiden
* 10 Hoffer
* 11 Ivanschitz
* 12 Katzer
* 13 Kienast
* 14 Korkmaz
* 15 Leitgeb
* 16 Linz
* 17 Patocka
* 18 Pogatetz
* 19 Prödl
* 20 Säumel
* 21 Standfest
* 22 Stranzl
* 23 Vastić

 | Austria |

Other websites
--------------

* Official Homepage Archived 2011-02-03 at the Wayback Machine (in German)


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Christoph Leitgeb***.
A **collision** occurs when two objects come in contact with each other. All collisions have the same momentum before and after a collision. Examples of collisions include car crashes, bouncing a ball, and playing pool. Collisions are made from two smaller sections called elastic and inelastic collisions.

Elastic Collisions
------------------

Elastic collisions
In the case of playing pool or bouncing a ball, an elastic collision occurs. An elastic collision generally occurs when an elastic or hard object experiences a collision that bounces off another elastic or hard object, where the kinetic energy and momentum are the same before and after the collision. In an experiment, a small amount of energy will still be lost because of the friction between the surface and the objects.

Inelastic Collisions
--------------------

In the case of a car crash, an inelastic collision occurs. An inelastic collision generally occurs when a soft object experiences a collision that does not result in a bounce. Kinetic energy is lost during this type of collision because the energy is transformed into other forces. The momentum is the same before and after the collision.

Two Dimensional Collisions
--------------------------

In the case of a two dimensional collision, the rules in elastic and inelastic collision are still the same, but vectors are used to find the momentum before or after a collision.

Sources
-------

Duncan, Tom. *Advanced Physics for Hong Kong: Volume 1 Mechanics & Electricity*. John Murray Ltd, 1995.
Wai, Loo Kwok. *Longman A-Level Course in Physics: Volume 1*. Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd, 2003.
The **Lehener Stadion** was a former football stadium in Salzburg and between 1971 and 2002 the homeground of SV Austria Salzburg (now F.C. Red Bull Salzburg).

History
-------

Due to the fact that SV Austria Salzburg was promoted to the Nationalliga (former name of Bundesliga) the plan was to build a new stadium. In 1966 architect Hanns Wiser made the first sketch of the new venue with 15 000 seats and two roofed stands. In 1967 the City decided to build the new stadium in Lehen and to make places for 18 000 spectators. The space for the new venue was also before a football groundTogether with Jakob Adlhart Wiser made a new plan and the stadium was built between 1969 and 1971. Because money was short, the east stand was designed as standingroom so the capacity could be 18 000 although the building was cheaper. The floodlight was opened in 1974 because neighbours took legal action against it.

The stadium was opend with a friendly match between SV Asutria Salzburg and the national team of Tunesia. In mid-1990s the stadium was to small because Austria Salzburg played international matches and the UEFA licensed it for only 5 300 spectators. So Austria Salzburg played the international matches in Viennas Ernst Happel Stadion. It was planed to expand the stadium but the city of Salzburg decided to build a new stadium in Wals-Siezenheim because the city needed a venue for the UEFA Euro 2008. The last match was held on 4 December 2002 versus SK Sturm Graz.

The stadium was demolished in 2006. One part of the former stadium is now used by Salzburgs Citylibrary and a housing project is planed.

Notable matches
---------------

In the stadium 9 matches of the Austrian nationalteam were held. The most memorable was the 9:0 versus Malta on 30 April 1977 (Qualification for the FIFA World Cup 1978) where the young Hans Krankl scored 6 goals. But Austria Salzburg played notable matches in the venue for example the 3:0 victory over Sporting Lissabon in the 1993/94 UEFA Cup and in the second round of the UEFA Cup 1976 versus Roter Stern Belgrad.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Lehener Stadion***.
**Pfarrwiese** was a stadium in Vienna, Austria. It was the home ground of SK Rapid Wien from 1912 till 1978.

History
-------

After the loan for the Sportplatz Rudolfsheim was quited SK Rapid went to Hütteldorf where they built a new home. The place was owned by the St Peter's Abbey in Salzburg and managed by the parish of Hütteldorf. This is the reason why the ground was called "Pfarrwiese". The loan was 800 Kronen/Year (which is approximately 4.300 €). Also two tickets for each match were part of the contract.

The ground was built between August 1911 and April 1912. Architect was Eduard Schönecker, who also planed the Hohe Warte Stadium.
The capacity was 4 000 and was step by step expanded to 8000. The pitch was borderd with a cinder track. The place was opened on 28 April 1912 with two matches in front of 3000 visitors. Rapid played versus WAC and won 2-1. The main match was Amateure versus Cricketer.

The club decided to built a stadium because Rapid became very sucessful and the old place was therefore to small. In June 1919 15 000 people where at the Pfarrwiese to see the match versus MTK Budapest. The new stadium was also planed by Eduard Schönecker. It had a capacity of 24. 150. If a lot of people were expected Rapid went often to the Praterstadion. The demages in the Second World War were small so the first match on the Pfarrwiese was held on 1 May 1945. A combined team of SK Rapid and Vienna played versus a team of the Red Army. The last modifications were made in 1955. In 1977 the Weststadion was built and Rapid left the Pfarrwiese. In 1986 a tennis facility was built.

Statistics
----------

* Rapid played 744 matches at the Pfarrwiese.
* 563 wins (76%)
* Highest wins: 26 August 1950-12:1 versus SK Sturm Graz and 18 May 1957 versus Kremser SC
* Highest defeat: 2 March 1930-4-8 versus FK Austria Wien
* Most visitors: 20 October 1923-Rapid versus Hakoah Wien 25 000 and some others during the 1920s.
* Least visitors: 12 December 1920 Rapid versus Admira Wien 700
The **Reichshofstadion** is a football stadium in Vorarlbergs city Lustenau. It is the largest stadium in this federal state of Austria. The stadium is the homeground of SC Austria Lustenau. From 2007 till 2014 it was also used by FC Lustenau 07, the second club from Lustenau. The stadium is no called Planet Pure Stadium named after a sponsor of Austria Lustenau.

History
-------

The stadium was built from 1952 till 1953 and was in the beginning a multipurpose stadium with a running track. During the construction of new stands the track was used so today the stadium is de facto a pure football stadium. It is the homeground of both Lustenau clubs in Austrias First league. Originally it was the homeground of Austria Lustenau, but after the promotion of FC Lustenau to the first league their stadium was not good enough for the league. The stadium offers 8 800 places, 2.126 roofed seats, 2.390 roofed and 4.284 unroofed standing room.

On 3 August 2007 the chapel of the stadium was consecrate, where fans of Austria Lustenau can merry. It is named after Hugo Kleinbrod, who cared after the 2. World War for children and orphans.

In May 2011 supporters of FC Lustenau coloured the main stand and a cash desk in their club colour blue, although they were originally green, which is Austrias colour.
University of Wrocław near River Oder

The **University of Wrocław** is a public university in Wrocław, Poland. It was started in 1702 by Leopold I (Holy Roman Emperor), and has nearly 25,000 students.

History
-------

The first attempt to found a university in Wroclaw was in 1505. The initiator was Vladislav II. Due to wars, lack of money, the university was not opened.

In 1702, the Society of Jesus founded a university called Leopoldina. It had the only faculty of philosophy and сatholic theology. 

In 1811, as a result of a reform, the universities in Breslau and Frankfurt an der Oder were merged. The university was called Silesian Friedrich Wilhelm University. Here students studied at 5 faculties — Catholic theology, Protestant theology, law, philosophy and medicine. The University of Breslau became the first German university to have both Catholic and Protestant faculties. 

After the end of World War II, the German university in the city was closed and then transformed into a Polish state university, which was officially opened on June 9, 1946. 

In 1952 — 1989 the university was named after the President of Poland Bolesław Bierut. 

In 2001, there were celebrations in Wroclaw dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the foundation of the University.

General information
-------------------

The University of Wroclaw is a higher education institution in the Republic of Poland. 

There are 10 departments that provide 44 areas of study, classes are mostly Polish, with only some in English. The University of Wrocław provides Bachelor, Master, and Doctoral level programmes. 

Teaching at the university is conducted at the following faculties: 

* Philological
* History and pedagogy
* Law, administration and economics
* Physicists and Astronomy
* Biotechnology
* Biology
* Geography, geology and environment
* Social Sciences
* Chemistry
* Mathematics and Computer Science.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Wrocław University***.

* The Wrocław University
The Angeles Crest Highway, California.
**Highway** is a word used to describe roads made for travel by the public between important places, such as cities, towns and landmarks. The word highway can also be different between countries, and can mean a road, freeway, superhighway, autoroute, autobahn, parkway, expressway, autostrasse, autostrada, byway, or motorway.

Highways come in many different designs. They can include many lanes of traffic, a median (strip of lane or barrier) between lanes of opposing traffic, and access control (ramps and bridges). Highways can also be as simple as a two-lane road.

In many countries, these roads are numbered to easily tell them apart. These numbered highways are usually called **routes**. The United States includes a system called the Interstate Highway system, controlled by AASHTO, where major north/south routes are odd numbered and east/west are even numbered. In Canada, routes that are in the 400s are freeways. In China, types of routes are separated by the first letter of the route; "G" for national road, "S" for provincial road and "Y" for rural roads.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Highways***.

Highways are sometimes criticised because of the pollution cars make when driving highways. When too many cars travel along a highway, traffic slows down; this is known as a traffic jam. Public transportation (such as buses) and special lanes for those who have a given number of people in a car are used to help stop these problems.

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**Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury** KG GCVO PC FRS (3 February 1830 - 22 August 1903) was a Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was known as **Lord Robert Cecil** before 1865 and as **Viscount Cranborne** from 1865 until 1868.

Salisbury served as Prime Minister three times for a total of over thirteen years. When Prime Minister, he acted as his own Foreign Minister.

Lord Cecil was elected to Parliament in 1853 as a member of the Conservative Party. In 1866 (now called Viscount Cranborne), he served as Secretary of State for India under Prime Minister Lord Derby. Cranborne resigned, but he would return to government in 1874, now as the Marquess of Salisbury. Salisbury was again Secretary of State for India under Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. In 1878, Salisbury became Foreign Secretary in the Disraeli government.

Salisbury became the Conservative Party leader. Salisbury first served as Prime Minister from 23 June 1885, to 28 January 1886. His first government did not last long as the Conservatives did not have full control.

Salisbury became Prime Minister again on 25 July 1886, with a majority. He would be in office until 11 August 1892. His third time as Prime Minister was from 25 June 1895, until 11 July 1902.

Two issues dominated his time as Prime Minister. One was the struggle between European powers seizing parts of Africa, the so-called "Scramble for Africa". The United Kingdom fought the Second Boer War while Salisbury was Prime Minister.

The other was Ireland, the rise of Irish nationalism amongst Catholics in Ireland. This was backed by his great opponent, Gladstone, leader of the Liberal Party and also three times Prime Minister.

Salisbury helped establish the London County Council. Salisbury built up the Royal Navy. Africa was divided up into colonies. 

Salisbury resigned on 11 July 1902. He died on 22 August 1903. The great issues that had divided the country in his time (colonialism, Ireland and Africa) would last in British politics for most of the next century. The one great issue that was not appreciated at the time was the rise of militant German nationalism, which would in the next century lead to two World Wars. Throughout his career Salisbury wrote articles for the *Quarterly Review*, which have now been edited and published.
***Smith v. Allwright***  (1944), was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court. The decision made it unconstitutional to keep African Americans from voting in a Democratic Party primary in Texas. By extension it covered white primaries in all states. It overturned *Grovey v. Townsend* (1935) which had allowed the Democratic party to hold all-white primaries that excluded black voters.

The all-white primary
---------------------

The Reconstruction Amendments to the United States Constitution gave African Americans freedom from slavery, citizenship and the right to vote. But many former slave states came up with ways to keep blacks from voting. These included poll taxes, literacy tests and complex voter registration laws. While these worked in most southern states, it did not work in Texas. The party needed the Hispanic vote but wanted to exclude blacks. They needed also to split the black and hispanic vote. Texas, like most southern states, was a one-party state. The Democratic party controlled politics. The state and local primary elections decided which candidate would ultimately win office in the general election. Democrats in Texas used the "white primary" to serve their purposes. It prohibited non-whites from joining the Democratic party and taking part in primary elections. It could be used also to exclude Mexican Americans in areas of the state where the party did not need them. The Reconstruction Amendments applied to the state. But in *Grovey v. Townsend* the state of Texas was allowed to pass on its responsibility for protecting black voter rights to a private organization—the Democratic party. This allowed Texas to use the all-white primary.

The case
--------

In another decision, *Grovey v. Townsend* (1935), the Supreme Court decided that the Democratic Party was a private organization. Their state convention could decide who can be a member. Lonnie E. Smith, a Houston dentist, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) decided to fight this decision.

In Smith v. Allwright (1944), the court overturned the Grovey ruling. A majority of the justices decided that the Democratic party was more than a private organization. It was a part of the election process in Texas. For this reason the court said that it was unconstitutional to stop African Americans from voting in the Democratic primary.

Other websites
--------------

* Smith v. Allwright - Impact
* Smith v. Allwright, The Oyez Project
The **Welsh Parliament** (Welsh: *Senedd Cymru*), commonly shortened to **Senedd**, is the devolved parliament with the power to make devolved laws in Wales. Between 1999 and 2020, it had the name **National Assembly for Wales**; commonly shortened to **Welsh Assembly**.

First Minister's daily talk about COVID-19; May 2021

History
-------

The Assembly was created after the *Government of Wales Act 1998* law, which was introduced after a referendum in 1997. The Assembly had no powers to make *primary legislation* until the *Government of Wales Act 2006* law, which gave the Assembly limited powers to make laws.

Its powers were increased again after a Yes vote in a referendum on 3 March 2011, which allowed the Assembly to make laws without having to make a request to the Parliament of the UK, or to the Secretary of State for Wales.

How it works
------------

The Senedd has 60 members, called Members of the Senedd, or **MSs** for short. In Welsh, they are called *Aelod o'r Senedd*.

Members of the Senedd are elected for 4 years in an *additional members system -*40 AMs are elected by the *plurality system,* and represent the different areas of Wales. Another 20 AMs from 5 electoral regions are also elected, by the *proportional representation system.*

Related pages
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* Welsh Government
**Peter Brimelow** is a British-born American paleoconservative. There are a lot of people who say that he is racist. He says that he is not racist and that "the modern definition of a ‘racist’ is someone who’s winning an argument with a liberal".

Life
----

Peter Brimelow was born in England in 1947. He and his twin brother studied at the University of Sussex and at Stanford University. He moved to Toronto and worked as an editor for a Canadian newspaper called the Financial Post and for a Canadian magazine called Maclean’s. In 1978, he started working for a Republican United States Senator named Orrin Hatch. In 1980, Brimelow moved to New York and started working for American magazines. He was the editor of Forbes Magazine from 1986 to 2002.

Political beliefs
-----------------

Brimelow is opposed to immigration legal or not. He said that California was once "paradise" which is to say heaven but that Hispanics had turned it into a slum. Brimelow does not like to be called a white nationalist and sued the New York Times for saying he was one. Brimelow started an anti-immigration website called VDARE which published work by Jared Taylor and Sam T. Francis. In 2008, he said that the Republican Party of the United States should focus on getting white people to vote for them. In 2012, he gave a speech attacking multiculturalism at CPAC.

Books
-----

Brimelow wrote a book called Alien Nation in which he said that immigration to the US was a "disaster". Brimelow wrote a book called The Worm in the Apple in which he criticizes teachers’ unions. Brimelow wrote a book called The Patriot Game about Canada and why in his opinion there is no set of ideas that Canada is built on.

Other websites
--------------


Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: ***Peter Brimelow***
**Dominic Mark Phillips** better known as **Dom Phillips** (23 July 1964 – 13 June 2022) was a British journalist and freelance writer for The Guardian, he wrote for the Washington Post, The New York Times and The Financial Times.

On June 5, 2022, he and Brazilian indigenous peoples expert Bruno Araújo Pereira disappeared in the remote Javari Valley on the western edge of Brazil's Amazon state, one of the most remote areas of the rainforest.

Assassination
-------------

See the main article: Murder of Bruno Pereira and Dom Phillips
On June 3, 2022, The expert on Indigenous peoples Bruno Pereira and Dom Phillips arrived at Lago do Jaburu, a town near the surveillance base of the National Indian Foundation (Funai) on the Ituí River, so that Phillips could visit the place and conduct interviews with indigenous people. They then went to the community of São Rafael where they would hold a meeting with a local fisherman nicknamed "Churrasco". The objective of the meeting was to discuss the joint work between riverside residents and indigenous people in the surveillance of the Javari Valley, a territory highly affected by invasions and criminal activities. However, the resident was not in the community. Bruno and Dom traveled down the Itaguaí River to the municipality of Atalaia do Norte and then disappeared.

The Brazilian embassy released a statement that his body had been found on Monday, 13 June, but retracted it the following day, apologizing to Phillips' family for "information that did not prove correct."

On 15 June, a man named Amarildo da Costa da Oliveira, who was arrested days before in connection with the case, confessed to shooting and killing both Phillips and Pereira. He also told the police where the remains were buried. The remains were then discovered by the Brazilian authorities, who sent them to the country’s capital, Brasilia, to be examined.

On 17 June, the remains that were discovered were identified as belonging to Phillips, these were authenticated through dental records. The second body - believed to be of Pereira, was still being examined.
**Johann Adolf Hasse** (also spelled **Johann Adolph Hasse**; baptised 25 March 1699 – 16 December 1783) was a German composer, singer, and music teacher. He was an important opera composer in the 18th century.

Life
----

### Early career

Hasse was born in Bergedorf, near Hamburg. His father and grandfather were organists. He studied in Hamburg from 1714 to 1717. In 1718 he joined the Hamburg State Opera. He was a tenor singer. In 1719, he started working in Brunswick. He performed operas written by Georg Schürmann, Francesco Conti and Antonio Caldara. His own opera, *Antioco*, was performed in Brunswick in 1721. It is his only opera which is written in the German language.

He might have left Germany in 1722. He went to Naples. In Naples, he converted (changed his religion) to Catholicism. He studied writing music and counterpoint with Alessandro Scarlatti. Hasse's first opera in Italy was *Il Sesotrate*. It was performed on 13 May 1726. The opera was a success. It made him a famous composer and musician.

### Dresden and Venice

In 1730 Hasse visited Venice. He married Faustina Bordoni, an opera singer. His opera *Artaserse* was performed there. It was his first opera which uses Metastasio's text. The opera was a success.

He became the *Kapellmeister* of the Dresden court in around 1730. He arrived at Dresden in 1731. His employer was King August II of Poland. He wrote operas and church music in Dresden. In Dresden, he wrote the opera *Cleofide*. The opera uses text by Metastasio. Johann Sebastian Bach and his son Wilhelm Friedemann Bach may have watched the opera's first performance. On the next day, Bach performed on the organ. Hasse might have watched Bach play the organ. Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach said that his father and Hasse were good friends.

As part of his job, Hasse did not have to stay in Dresden. From 1733 to 1734 he stayed in Italy. He wrote music for the Ospedale degli Incurabili, an orphanage in Venice. He also went to Vienna. He taught Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria how to sing. Hasse came back to Dresden in December 1733. He wrote new operas. He also wrote some church music. In 1734, the king of Poland went to Warsaw. Hasse went back to Italy. He stayed in Italy until 1737. 

He went back to Dresden in 1740. He wrote the operas *Antigono* and *Ipermestra*. The text for these operas were written by Metastasio. Hasse and Metastasio became good friends. They wrote many operas together.

### Last years

Hasse moved to Venice in 1773. He taught singing and wrote music for the Incurabili. He died in 1783. People forgot about him after he died.

Other websites
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* Johann Adolf Hasse: Free scores at the International Music Score Library Project

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CHP logo
Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, the current leader of the CHP.
The **Republican People's Party** (Turkish: *Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi*, **CHP**) is the oldest political party in Turkey. Their ideologies are social democracy and Kemalism.

They are currently the second largest party in the Turkish Parliament, with 132 out of 550 seats and they form the Main Opposition of Turkey. Their founder is Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and their current leader is Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu.

On September 7, 1919, Turkish nationalists established a resistance organisation against the invasion of Turkey. On September 9, 1923, the organisation officially declared itself as a political party and it was the Republican People's Party.

Leaders of the CHP
------------------

* Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1923–1938); known as the "Great Leader and Eternal Chief"
* İsmet İnönü (1938–1972); known as the "Everlasting Leader and National Chief"
* Bülent Ecevit (1972–1980); known as the "Legendary Leader"
* Deniz Baykal (1992–1995)
* Hikmet Çetin (1995)
* Deniz Baykal (1995–1999)
* Altan Öymen (1999–2000)
* Deniz Baykal (2000–2010)
* Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu (2010–present)

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Republican People's Party at Wikimedia Commons

* Party official website Archived 2011-04-04 at the Wayback Machine (in English)