recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Tent city of 40,000 in Darfur 
A **tent city** is used to describe a variety of temporary housing facilities made using tents. Informal tent cities may be set up without authorization by homeless people or protesters. As well, state governments or military organizations set up tent cities to house refugees, evacuees, or soldiers. Tent cities set up by homeless people may be similar to shanty towns, which are informal settlements in which the buildings are made from of scrap building materials.

Environmental disasters and homeless people
-------------------------------------------

Since Hurricane Katrina made landfall in August of 2005, the term has been used to describe temporary housing sites set up for Gulf Coast residents who were left homeless by the storm. Some of the tents that were built by Seabees and funded by FEMA are wooden structures covered by tents. With the exception of indoor plumbing, most of the tents have heat, air, and lights. The tent city can hold as many as 250 occupants. Displaced residents are only expected to stay for three to six months. In late December 2006, the St. Vincent de Paul Society in Saint Petersburg, Florida established an encampment on their property when dozens of homeless moved off of public land across the street from the society. In early January 2007, city officials noted city codes that prohibit living in tents and gave the society one week to evict the occupants of the tent city.

For travelers on The Hajj to Mecca
----------------------------------

Every year, the Saudi Arabian government's Ministry of Hajj sets up a tent city to support Muslim pilgrims in the village of Mina, where the ritual Stoning of the Devil takes place as part of the overall Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca. A tent city is also established annually at Mount Arafat, another essential stop during the Hajj. Because up to four million pilgrims may be performing the Hajj annually, the tent cities are densely inhabited with 20-40 people per tent. As such, fire and disease outbreaks are constant concerns. Since the late 1990s, Saudi authorities have started using fireproof tents to reduce the risks of a major fire.

Military uses
-------------

In the military, the term "tent city" usually refers to temporary living quarters erected on deployed military bases, such as those found in Bosnia or Iraq. Depending on the branch of service and the length the tent city has been in place, the living space may have most modern amenities. For sanitary reasons, military tent cities place toilet, shower, and laundry facilities at least 50 feet (15m) from living quarters. Also, tents are typically divided into clusters of 8-10 to prevent the rapid spread of fire, which is of utmost concern because of the tent and bedding materials.
Students passing through the Memorial Arch in front of Peters Hall. The arch is dedicated to the memory of 15 missionaries of the Oberlin Band who were killed in the Boxer Rebellion.
**Oberlin College** is a private liberal arts college in Oberlin, Ohio. It was the first college in the United States to accept African-American students as well as female students. It is also known for the Oberlin Conservatory of Music. Oberlin is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the Five Colleges of Ohio consortium.

History
-------

Oberlin College and the town of Oberlin were started together in 1833. In 1837, the college began a program of coeducation; admitting female students. In 1835, the college began a policy of interracial education. The Board of Trustees voted to allow black students at a time when there was only one black person living in the county. The first black student was a former slave, James Bradley from Cincinnati. The first building was Tappan Hall, named for Arthur Tappan of New York City. It was both a dormitory and classroom. In 1903 Memorial Arch was constructed. It was to honor those from Oberlin college who were killed in the Boxer Rebellion in China.

Conservatory of Music
---------------------

Conservatory of Music at Oberlin College
In 1865, Oberlin started its music program. A music conservatory is on the college campus. Students benefit from over 500 performances yearly, most free of charge, with concerts and recitals almost daily. The Conservatory was one of the recipients of the 2009 National Medal of Arts.

Allen Memorial Art Museum
-------------------------

The Allen Memorial Art Museum is on the college campus. It holds an art collection showing the history of Art that has 12,000 pieces. It also has a unique art rental program. At the beginning of every semester, students camp out in front of the north gate to get first pick of artwork by artists including Renoir, Dalí, and Picasso.
Map of British India, of 1909, showing the different religions: Hindus are shown in red, Muslims are shown in green. The states of Pakistan and Bangladesh were created from parts of the areas shown in green.
The **two-nation theory** (Urdu: دو قومی نظریہ‎ *do qaumī nazariya*) is the basis of the creation of Pakistan. The two-nation theory in its simplest way means that cultural, political, religious, economic and social dissimilarities between the two major communities, Hindus and Muslims of the Subcontinent. These differences of outlook, in fact, were greatly instrumental in giving rise to two distinct political ideologies which were responsible for the partition of the sub-continent into two independent states. The two-nation theory was a founding principle of the Pakistan Movement (i.e. the ideology of Pakistan as a Muslim nation-state in South Asia), and the partition of India in 1947.

The ideology that religion is the determining factor in defining the nationality of Indian Muslims and Hindus was postulated by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who termed it as the awakening of Muslims for the creation of Pakistan. As a consequence, it spawned creation of many Hindu nationalist organisations, with causes including working towards making India a similar state for the majority of Hindus residing there. 

There are varying interpretations of the two-nation theory, based on whether the two postulated nationalities can coexist in one territory or not, with radically different implications. One interpretation argued for sovereign autonomy, including the right to secede, for Muslim-majority areas of the Indian subcontinent, but without any transfer of populations (i.e. Hindus and Muslims would continue to live together). A different interpretation contends that Hindus and Muslims constitute "two distinct and frequently antagonistic ways of life and that therefore they cannot coexist in one nation." In this version, a transfer of populations (i.e. the total removal of Hindus from Muslim-majority areas and the total removal of Muslims from Hindu-majority areas) is a desirable step towards a complete separation of two incompatible nations that "cannot coexist in a harmonious relationship".

Opposition to the theory has come from two sources. The first is the concept of a single Indian nation, of which Hindus and Muslims are two intertwined communities. Even after the formation of Pakistan, debates on whether Muslims and Hindus are distinct nationalities or not continued in India. The second source of opposition is the concept that while Indians are not one nation, neither are the Muslims or Hindus of the subcontinent, and it is instead the relatively homogeneous provincial units of the subcontinent which are true nations and deserving of sovereignty across the subcontinent.

Reference of two nation theory
------------------------------

1. ↑  M. M. Sankhdher, K. K. Wadhwa (1991), *National unity and religious minorities*, Gitanjali Publishing House, ISBN 978-81-85060-36-1, *... In their heart of hearts,the Indian Muslims are not Indian citizens, are not Indians: they are citizens of the universal Islamic ummah, of Islam...*
Hayrick Butte in Oregon
Table Mountain in the Catskill Mountains of New York
Kukenam tepui in Venezuela
A **table (landform)** is a high rock structure with a flat top. There are many different terms for this landform feature.

The **tuya** is a structure formed by a subglacial (under ice) volcano. Lava erupts underneath an overlying glacier or ice sheet. It melts through to the surface and pools, producing the flat plateau on top with near-vertical walls along the ice-contact margin as the lava cools and hardens. 

A similar landform is the **tepui**, which has a rather different origin. A body of hard rock resists erosion. It was originally inside a body of softer rock such as limestone, which got eroded away to form a plain. The more resistant rock is left behind as an isolated mountain. The term is used for the **table-top** mountains of South America. Auyán-tepui in the Guiana Highlands, Venezuela is the source of the Angel Falls, the tallest waterfall in the world. It is 19 times higher than Niagara Falls.

* **Tuya**
* **Tepui**
* Mesa
* Potrero
* Butte
* Plateau
* Terrace
* Table
	+ Table hill
	+ Table-topped hill
	+ Table mountain
	+ Tableland

Table Mountain in South Africa is the best-known example of a table landform.
The M1918 is an example of a squad automatic weapon.
A Romanian soldier shows a U.S. Marine how to clear an RPK, a squad automatic weapon.
A **Squad automatic weapon** (**SAW**, also known as **section automatic weapon** or **light support weapon**) is a weapon used to give infantry squads or sections automatic firepower that can easily be moved around. Weapons used for this are selective fire rifles. They usually have a bipod and a heavier barrel so that they can be used as light machine guns. SAWs usually fire the same cartridge as the assault rifles or battle rifles used by other people in the squad/section. This makes logistics easier because only one type of ammunition needs to be given to a unit. SAWs are light enough to be used by one man. However, heavy machine guns such as the Browning M2 are more powerful but need a crew to be as effective as they can be.

Overview
--------

Many SAWs (such as the RPK and L86) are just assault rifles or battle rifles that have been changed. They may be able to carry more ammunition and will almost always have a bipod. In the case of some assault rifles, such as the H&K G36 or Steyr AUG, the SAW is simply the usual rifle with a few parts changed. However, the Austrian Army, who uses the most Steyr AUGs, doesn't use the HBAR (heavy barrel) version of the assault rifle. Instead, they use the MG 74, which is a gun which was made from the design of the German WW2-machine gun MG 42. One of the first weapons designed for this role was the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle. Even though it could not carry many bullets in its magazine, it was still better than the usual infantry rifle.

Examples
--------

### Assault rifles

* HK 13E
* QBB-95
* RPK
* INSAS LMG

### Battle rifles

* FN FALO 50.41
* HK 11E
* M1941 Johnson machine gun
* Model 45A
* M1946 Sieg automatic rifle

Related pages
-------------

* Light machine gun
* Heavy machine gun
* General-purpose machine gun

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Squad automatic weapon at Wikimedia Commons
*For other uses, see Morphology (disambiguation).*
**Morphology** is the study of animal or human form or body shape. It is the branch of biology dealing with the study of the form of organisms and their specific structural features. 

The concept of morphology was developed by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1790) and independently by the German anatomist and physiologist Karl Friedrich Burdach (1800).

In general use, the word morphology refers to the form and structure of an organism as a whole, including all internal and external structures. This includes aspects of the outward appearance (shape, structure, colour, pattern) as well as the form and structure of the internal parts like bones and organs. Morphology is contrasted to physiology, which deals primarily with function.

Branches of morphology
----------------------

* Comparative morphology compares the structures of organisms.
* Functional morphology is the study of the structure and function of bodily features.
* Anatomy is the study of the form and structure of the features of an organism.

In English-speaking countries, the term "molecular morphology" is used to describe the structure of compound molecules, such as polymers. and RNA. The term "gross morphology" is a general description of the form and structure of an organism.
| Professional ratings |
| --- |
| Review scores |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | 4/5 stars |

***So Close*** is the first album by British singer-songwriter Dina Carroll. It was released in January 1993 on the A&M label. It entered the charts at #2. The album eventually sold 1.5 million copies in the UK. So Close won the Mercury Prize as Album of the Year in 1996.

Track listing
-------------

* All tracks composed by Dina Carroll and Nigel Lowis unless stated.

1. "Special Kind of Love" (David Cole, Robert Clivillés) 4:42
2. "Hold On" 4:51
3. "This Time" 5:21
4. "Falling" 3:33
5. "So Close" 4:54
6. "Ain't No Man" 3:54
7. "Express" 4:34
8. "Heaven Sent" 3:46
9. "You'll Never Know" 5:56
10. "Don't Be a Stranger" (Coral Gordon, Geoff Gurd) 4:22
11. "Why Did I Let You Go?" 3:29
12. "If I Knew You Then" 4:18

Credits
-------

Arranged By [Strings] – Nigel Lowis (tracks: 3 9)   

Design – Jeremy Pearce   

Drum Programming – CJ Mackintosh (tracks: 4, 6 to 8), Nigel Lowis (tracks: 3 10)   

Engineer, Producer [Additional Production] – Steve Boyer (tracks: 3, 8)   

Guitar – Nigel Lowis (tracks: 4 6 7)   

Keyboards – Nigel Lowis (tracks: 3 4 6 7 10)   

Leader [Strings] – David Nadien (tracks: 3, 8)   

Mixed By – CJ Mackintosh (tracks: 2 4 6 7 9), Nigel Lowis (tracks: 2, 4 to 7, 9, 10)   

Mixed By [Assistant] – Howie B. (tracks: 6 7 9), Niall Flynn (tracks: 4, 7, 10, 11)   

Performer [All Instruments] – CJ Mackintosh (tracks: 2 9), Nigel Lowis (tracks: 2 5 9)   

Photography By – Simon Fowler (2)   

Producer – CJ Mackintosh (tracks: 2 9), Nigel Lowis (tracks: 2 to 12)   

Saxophone – Jimmy Gallagher (tracks: 2 9)   

Written-By – Dina Carroll (tracks: 2 to 9), Nigel Lowis (tracks: 2 to 9)
**William Taylor Adams** (July 30, 1822 – March 27, 1897), was an American writer and children's magazine editor. He used the pen name "Oliver Optic". Adams was born in Medway, Massachusetts. 

In 1853, he wrote his first novel, *Hatchie, the Guardian Slave*. Adams taught in the Boston public schools for many years. While teaching, he discovered what kinds of books boys liked best. In 1855, he wrote The Boat Club series for boys. This series was a great success. He wrote many more boys' series. 

In 1865, he stopped teaching. He wanted to devote all his time to writing. He became editor of the children's magazines *The Student and Schoolmate*, *Our Little Ones*, and *Oliver Optic's Magazine: Our Boys and Girls*. He served in the Massachusetts legislature for one year. Adams died at his home in Dorchester, Massachusetts in 1897.

Children's writer Louisa May Alcott did not like his books. She did not like the slang and settings such as saloons. Librarians did not like Adams's books either. They threw them away. They also threw away the books of other boys' writers. Adams kept writing boys' books though. He got good reviews from the critics. His books sold well. They were reprinted many times.

Gallery
-------

* All Adrift title page*All Adrift* title page
* Adams's house in Dorchester, MassachusettsAdams's house in Dorchester, Massachusetts
* Our Boys and Girls cover*Our Boys and Girls* cover
* Student and Schoolmate, August 1867*Student and Schoolmate*, August 1867
* Our Boys and Girls*Our Boys and Girls*
* Half page title for The Birthday PartyHalf page title for *The Birthday Party*

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***William Taylor Adams***.

* Biographical essay in PDF
* Biographical essay at the Dorchester Aethenaeum site Archived 2013-06-18 at the Wayback Machine
* Works by Oliver Optic at Project Gutenberg (plain text and HTML)
* Works by Oliver Optic at Internet Archive (scanned books original editions illustrated)
* Works by William Taylor Adams at Internet Archive
**Stereoisomers** are chemicals with the same atoms as each other but different shapes. Stereoisomers have the same molecular formula as each other but the atoms do not connect to each other in the same order. Stereoisomerism is also called "spatial isomerism." Stereoisomers are so unique because of spatial arrangements of atoms.

Enantiomers
-----------

**Enantiomers**, are also called "optical isomers." Enantiomers are stereoisomers that are like mirror images of each other but can't be turned around or moved so that they are the same, the way a right hand and a left hand of the same person are mirror images of each other. Compounds that are enantiomers to each other have the same physical properties, except for the direction in which they rotate polarized light and how they interact with different optical isomers of other compounds. Pure enantiomers also have optical activity and can be separated only with the use of a chiral agent. An optically active compound shows two forms: D-(+) form and L-(−) form.
***Spyro: Year of the Dragon*** is a platform game developed by Insomniac Games. The game was published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the Playstation in 2000. *Year of the Dragon* is the third chapter in the *Spyro* series. It was the last *Spyro* game Insomniac developed; their next title would be *Ratchet and Clank* for the PlayStation 2. It was released in North America and the PAL regions in October and November 2000, separately. However, unlike the other 2 games, it was not given a Japanese release. 

Named after the animal in the Chinese Zodiac, which was the symbol at the time of the game's release, *Year of the Dragon* is based on a nominal purple dragon Spyro as he travels to the "Forgotten Worlds" after 150 magical dragon eggs are stolen from the land of the dragons from an evil sorceress. People travel through thirty different worlds collecting gems and eggs. *Year of the Dragon* introduced new characters and minigames to the series, as well as improved graphics and music. 

With it's release, the game sold more that two million copies in the United States and received critical approval. Reviewers noted the game built on the successful formula of its former chapters by adding new activities and wide-ranging environments. 

It was remade as a part of *Spyro Reignited Trilogy*.
***McCartney*** is Paul McCartney's first solo album. Paul McCartney was part of the famous band The Beatles. Apple Records released it on 17 April 1970. McCartney recorded it in secret. He mostly used home-recording equipment at his house in St John's Wood. Professional London studios did some of the mixing and recording. It has loosely arranged performances. McCartney decided to be different from the Beatles' past records: He did not want a polished, precise sound. Instead, he used a lo-fi style. Apart from some contributions by his wife, Linda, McCartney performed the entire album alone by overdubbing on four-track tape.

McCartney recorded the album when he had depression and felt confused. This was shortly after John Lennon left the Beatles in September 1969. Conflict over the release of McCartney's album made it harder for McCartney to be friends with his bandmates. He refused to wait to release the album so that the Beatles' album *Let It Be* could go first. A press release in the form of a self-interview supplied with UK promotional copies of *McCartney* led to the Beatles' break-up.

Track listing
-------------

**Side one**

1. "The Lovely Linda" – 0:43
2. "That Would Be Something" – 2:38
3. "Valentine Day" – 1:39
4. "Every Night" – 2:31
5. "Hot as Sun/Glasses" – 2:07
6. "Junk" – 1:54
7. "Man We Was Lonely" – 2:56

**Side two**

1. "Oo You" – 2:48
2. "Momma Miss America" – 4:04
3. "Teddy Boy" – 2:22
4. "Singalong Junk" – 2:34
5. "Maybe I'm Amazed" – 3:53
6. "Kreen-Akrore" – 4:15
An example of a molecule with bulky groups
**Steric effects** are the effects seen in molecules that come from the fact that atoms occupy space. When atoms are put close to each other, this costs energy. The electrons near the atoms want to stay away from each other. This can change the way molecules want to react. It can also change the shape (or conformation) of the molecule. The amount of space that a group of atoms takes is called the "steric bulk".
An example of steric effects is steric hindrance. This is when a large group in a molecule makes reactions not work. For example, an SN2 reaction does not happen on carbon atoms that have three substituents. Steric hindrance however can also be a positive thing. Sometimes, chemists would like a reaction to happen in one place rather than another one. A bulky group can block a position. It can also change the shape such that only one diastereomer from a reaction is made.

Steric effects are usually smaller than electronic effects. These affect the molecule's shape and reactivity as well, but they come from the way electrons are placed in bonds.
Tent in vineyards
A Sámi family in front of goahti. Photo was taken around 1900 in northern Scandinavia.
A simple tent A simple tent
Swiss tent equipment from the 2. World War (1939 - 1945)
A **tent** is a movable, lightweight shelter which uses fabric to protect people from wind, rain and from the cold. The fabric walls of a tent are supported by wood or metal poles and thin ropes (called "guy lines"), and the tent or the ropes are usually attached to the ground with plastic or metal pointed stakes, or lattice frames and internal posts in the cases of yurts and marquees. Tent camping exploded in popularity in the 1960s. Manufacturers introduced poles made of fiberglass or aluminum alloys, allowing for a greater range of shapes and a lighter weight tent to transport. Zippered tent doors replaced the traditional flap opening.

Uses
----

Tents are usually used as shelter during camping, hiking, and other outdoor recreational activities. Large tents are also used to provide temporary shelter for events such as outdoor weddings or circuses. Tents are also used to provide temporary sleeping quarters for military personnel or homeless, or for people who have been displaced by a disaster (such as refugees).
**Charlotte Gercke** (later known as **Susan Oliver**; February 13, 1932 – May 10, 1990) was an American actress, pilot and television director. She made her first appearance in television in the July 31, 1955 episode of the drama series *Goodyear TV Playhouse*.

Career
------

Oliver appeared on stage in 1957. She played the daughter of an 18th century Manhattan family in the Broadway stage play *Small War on Murray Hill*. It was a stage comedy.

Also in 1957, Oliver was in larger roles. They included *Kaiser Aluminum Hour*, *The United States Steel Hour* and *Matinee Theater*.

Oliver began rehearsals for a co-starring role in the Broadway play *Patate* in mid-1958. It won Oliver a Theater World Award for "Outstanding Breakout Performance". It was her last Broadway performance.

In 1964, Oliver was in the first pilot of the television program *Star Trek*. She played the female lead character Vina. In one scene, Oliver played an alien with green skin. Because of that, a documentary about her life was called *The Green Girl*.

Oliver was later a cast member on the soap opera *Days of Our Lives* during 1975-1976. She was nominated in 1976 for an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actress" for the made-for-TV movie *Amelia Earhart*.

Death
-----

Oliver was born in New York City. She died from colon cancer that spread to her lungs. She was 58 when she died in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California.

Other websites
--------------

* Susan Oliver on IMDb
* Susan Oliver at the Internet Broadway Database
* Susan Oliver at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
* Susan Oliver at Find a Grave
* Listen to Susan Oliver on *Zero Hour* hosted by Rod Serling Zero Hour Podcast 1973-12-24 (ep51) John Dehner and Susan Oliver – Fourth Of Forever – Part 1, with a new introduction.
* *LA Times* obituary
Ice and snow on the Pensacola Bay Bridge. This happened on January 29, 2014 after a winter storm.
The U.S. state Florida does not get snow very often. Most of the time, major cities in Florida do not get snowfall that can be measured. Some areas in the far north are able to get snow more often. The National Weather Service says that the Florida Keys and Key West have not gotten a snow flurry in more than 300 years. In Miami, Fort Lauderdale, and Palm Beach, only one snow flurry was recorded. This happened in January 1977. Miami, Fort Lauderdale, or Palm Beach have not had a snow flurry before or after that.

Florida's climate is low latitude and subtropical. Temperatures that are cold enough to have snowfall do not happen long. Frost is more likely to happen than snow because it needs a temperature of 32°F or 0°C, less than 2 m or 7 ft above sea level, no clouds in the sky, and a relative humidity of 65% or more. For snow to happen in Florida, a polar jet stream must go south through Texas and the Gulf of Mexico. A cold front has to stop around the south part of Florida and curve northeast to add very cold air into clouds.

The earliest known time Florida got snow was in 1774. People in Florida thought it was "extraordinary white rain." The first White Christmas in the northeast part of Florida was on December 23, 1989.
For other monuments to Wellington, see Wellington Monument (disambiguation).
The **Wellington Monument** is an obelisk in the Phoenix Park, Dublin, Ireland. It is also called "Wellington Testimonial" because it was built while Wellington was still alive.

The monument is in the southeast of the Park. It is near Kilmainham and the River Liffey. The obelisk is 62 metres (203 ft) tall. It is the largest obelisk in Europe.

History
-------

Wellington Testimonial
The monument was built to celebrate the victories of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. He was born in Dublin.

It was designed by the architect Sir Robert Smirke. Building was started in 1817. In 1820 they ran out of money. It was not finished until 1861 when it was opened to the public. There were also plans for a statue of Wellesley on a horse  in front of it. This was never built.

Features of the Testimonial
---------------------------

There are four bronze plaques on the bottom part of the monument. Three have pictures about Wellington's career, the fourth has text. The pictures are 'Civil and Religious Liberty' by John Hogan, 'Waterloo' by Thomas Farrell and the 'Indian Wars' by Joseph Robinson Kirk. The text reads:

*Asia and Europe, saved by thee, proclaim*
*Invincible in war thy deathless name,*
*Now round thy brow the civic oak we twine*
*That every earthly glory may be thine.*
The **Wiltz** is a river in Belgium and Luxembourg. It is a left tributary of the Sauer river. It is part of the drainage basin of the Rhine river.

Geography
---------

The Wiltz river has a length of 42 km (26.1 mi), and a drainage basin with an area of 80 km2 (31 sq mi).

### Course

The Wiltz starts in the Ardennes, in Bastogne, a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg. The river is formed to the south of Bastogne by two small streams.

After a course of about 8 km2 (3 sq mi) in Belgium, the river gets into Luxemboug flowing to the east through the Oesling region. In the village of *Niederwampach* (Clervaux canton), the river turns to the south.

In *Kautenbach*, commune of Kiischpelt (Wiltz canton), the Wiltz is joined by its main tributary, the **Clerve** (Luxembourgish: *Klierf*, German: *Clierf*).

Finally, the Wiltz river flows into the Sauer river in Bourscheid, Diekirch canton.

Gallery
-------

* The Wiltz in Schimpach.The Wiltz in Schimpach.
* Kautenbach, where the Clerve joins the Wiltz.*Kautenbach*, where the Clerve joins the Wiltz.
* Bridge over the Wiltz between Benonchamps and Harzy.Bridge over the Wiltz between Benonchamps and Harzy.

Related pages
-------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Wiltz***.

* List of rivers of Belgium
* List of rivers of Luxembourg
Coat of arms of Zinzendorf family
The **House of Zinzendorf and Pottendorf** was the name of an old and important noble family whose origins are in Austria. It is not to be mistaken with the princely House of Sinzendorf, as the two don't share same ancestry.

History
-------

The family was firstly mentioned in 1114 in a document written by Hermann von Vohburg, Bishop of Augsburg. Apart from their possessions in Austria, they also reigned over the Lordship of Pottendorf in Baden, which was incorporated into their name as *Zinzendorf und Pottendorf*. In 1460 they were awarded with the title of Baron by Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, while in 1662 they were raised to the dignity of Imperial Count by Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor.

Notable members
---------------

* Count Christian Renatus von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf (died 1752)
* Count Karl von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf (died 1813), official in the Austrian government and diarist
* Count Nicolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf (died 1760), European religious and social reformer
The **Webster-Hayne debate** was a famous debate in the United States between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. It happened on January 19-27, 1830. It was about protectionist tariffs. The speeches between Webster and Hayne themselves were not planned. They had burst forth from arguments about a decision by Connecticut Senator Samuel Foote. Foote had temporarily stopped land surveying until land already on the market was sold. Webster's "Second Reply to Hayne" (1830) was widely seen as "the most eloquent speech ever delivered in Congress."

Webster described the US government as "made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people". This influenced Abraham Lincoln later. He spoke the words "government of the people, by the people, for the people" in his Gettysburg Address.


Wikisource has original writing related to this article:
**Webster's Second Reply to Hayne**

Other websites
--------------

* "Webster-Hayne debate". *constitution.org*. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
**Wellington** is a market town and civil parish in Shropshire, England. It is in the borough of Telford and Wrekin and forms part of the new town of Telford. It is 3.5 miles (5.5 km) northwest of central Telford and 12 miles (19 km) east of Shrewsbury. The 2011 census revealed that the town has a population of 25,554 people.

It became part of the new town of Telford in 1968.

The town's population makes it the third largest town in Shropshire, behind Telford and Shrewsbury.

The Wrekin hill is 3.5 miles southwest of the town.

The town has a railway station on the Wolverhampton–Shrewsbury line. Passengers can get direct trains to Shrewsbury, Wolverhampton, Birmingham, London and parts of Wales.

The New Bucks Head, the home stadium of football club A.F.C. Telford United, is located in Wellington.

Twinning
--------

Wellington has one twin town. It is twinned with:

* France Châtenay-Malabry, Paris, France

Gallery
-------

* Old Wellington LibraryOld Wellington Library
* Wellington's pedestrianised Town CentreWellington's pedestrianised Town Centre
* Wellington Community ClockWellington Community Clock
* Christ ChurchChrist Church
Jan Luyken sketch of the parable of the dragnet.
The **Parable of Drawing in the Net** is a parable of Jesus written in the New Testament in Matthew 13:47–52. It is a parable about the final judgment. It is the seventh and last parable in the chapter which began with the Parable of the Sower.

What Jesus said
---------------

The parable:

> Once again, the kingdom of heaven is like a net that was let down into the lake and caught all kinds of fish. When it was full, the fishermen pulled it up on the shore. Then they sat down and collected the good fish in baskets, but threw the bad away. This is how it will be at the end of the age. The angels will come and separate the wicked from the righteous and throw them into the fiery furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth. Have you understood all these things? Jesus asked. Yes, they replied. He said to them, Therefore every teacher of the law who has been instructed about the kingdom of heaven is like the owner of a house who brings out of his storeroom new treasures as well as old.
> 
> — Matthew 13:47–52

What it means
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It is, like The Tares and the Wheat and The Sheep and the Goats, a parable about the final judgment. Here, the edible fish must be separated from the inedible fish after they caught with a net.

Four of his disciples were fishermen and Jesus spoke using imagery they understood. Because it is a parable about the end of the age, a modern interpretation can be considered, with the net representing the Internet. Jesus's next words about old and new treasures indicated he did have in mind a future time. At that time, "true teachers of the kingdom display the kingdom's treasure for all to see."
Arty at Spring Awkening in 2014
Dyro at Spring Awakening in 2014
The **Spring Awakening Music Festival** is an elecronic music festival that has been held at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois since 2012. Its music is, mostly, within the genres of Progressive house, Electro house, Techno, and Dubstep. The Main Stage of the Festival is located on the heart of the sports field itself. Two smaller stages are around the outside of the stadium. This setup makes for very loud sound that is heard all around the festival. The festival usually takes place in June. In 2015, the festival had an age limit (18+) for theifirst time.

History
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Chicago is city that is well-known for its culture of House Music. ***Spring Awakening Music Festival*** was started in 2012 by the Chicago promotion company React Presents. With main artists like Skrillex and Afrojack the first year of the Festival received a very large crowd and has been held every year since. ***Spring Awakening Music Festival*** has included DJ sets from famous DJs such as Calvin Harris, Tiesto, Datsik, Excision, Diplo, Dillon Francis, and Hardwell as well as up-and-coming producers such as Bro Safari, Adventure Club, Figure, Zeds Dead, and Borgore. Over the years, the Festival has grown more and more popular because of the large fan base of Electronic Dance Music in the Chicago-land area. With people now coming from around the world to attend the Festival, there has been talk that the planners of the Festival might also hold other events outside Chicago.

Other websites
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* Media related to Spring Awakening (festival) at Wikimedia Commons
* Spring Awakening Festival
The Step of Yo-Yo effectThe **Yo-yo effect** means people quickly gaining weight after a diet. Other words for this activity are **yo-yo dieting** or **weight cycling**. People's weight can move down and back up like a yo-yo when they follow several diets one after another. A person's weight after the diet is often higher than it was before dieting.

The Steps
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The steps to the weight cycle are normal eating, weight gain, diet, metabolism slow-down, and end of the diet. But they repeat again and that’s the Yo-Yo effect. For example, Sherman Morrison talks about someone on the website healevate.com, saying, "In the 1990’s she got up to 237 pounds, dropped it back down to 160 in the early 2000’s, but then crept back up over 200. Recently, however, she shed 30 pounds using Weight Watchers." Which means she first gained weight, then she lost weight, and finally she gained it back. Basically, Morrison is describing that the Yo-Yo effect is gaining and losing weight over and over again.

Causes
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The body needs less energy after losing weight on a diet. People have less fatty tissue and often less muscle after the diet. Muscle tissue needs more energy than fatty tissue. Reducing the amount of muscle tissue therefore reduces the need for energy. Also, limit the number of calories people take in. At some point, a dieter's body will change the way it uses energy if there are less calories to burn. The body does this to make sure it survives when less food is available. These changes in the body cause people to gain weight rapidly when they stop dieting and return to their old eating habits.

Avoiding It
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People can avoid the yo-yo effect by changing their diet. If a diet works without the body switching to a more efficient way of using calories, there will be no yo-yo effect. A diet should change the dieter's eating habits for a long time. New eating habits should not give the body more energy than it needs. At the end of the diet, it also makes sense to raise the number of calories someone eats slowly. Exercise and sports can increase the amount of calories burned by the body rather than turned into fat.
A **sprain** is a type of injury in which a person hurts the part really bad, but it is not broken. It has common side affects of a broken bone, but it is less serious.

Degrees
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The first degree is only a minor tear or stretch of a ligament.

The second degree is a tear of a ligament, which is usually followed by pain or swelling.

The third degree is a complete rupture.

Signs and symptoms
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The typical signs and symptoms associated with a sprain are the main signs of inflammation: 

* localized pain
* swelling
* loss of function

Joints involved
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Although any joint can experience a sprain, some of the more common include:

* the ankle. It is the most common.
* the knee. Perhaps one of the more talked about sprains is that to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee. This is a disabling sprain common to athletes, especially basketball, soccer, and judo players.
* the fingers.
* the wrist. The wrist is also a popular sprain area.

Prevention
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Sprains can best be prevented by proper use of safety equipment (wrist, ankle guards), warm-ups and cool-downs (including stretching), being aware of your surroundings and maintaining strength and flexibility. Physical conditioning is the best way to avoid or lessen the degree of sprains.

Other websites
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* More information and treatment at nhsdirect.nhs.uk Archived 2008-12-07 at the Wayback Machine
The **Thomson's gazelle** (*Gazella thomsonii*) is the most common gazelle in East Africa. It is a kind of small antelope. It is named after explorer Joseph Thomson and, as a result, is sometimes referred to as a "tommie". They can be found on ranches and farmland throughout East Africa, and survive long after other species have been killed off or migrated away.

Description
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Thomson's gazelles are commonly referred to as "tommies". Tommies stand at about half a meter (22-26 inches) tall and weigh in between 15 and 25 kilograms (35-55 pounds). Although very similar in appearance to the Grant's gazelle, they have some distinguishing features.

Predators
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The tommy has adapted to drier life on the open grass plains of East Africa, mainly southern Kenya and northern Tanzania. Although tommies have many predators, including cheetahs, lions, leopards, crocodiles and hyenas, they are frequently the last animals left on an abandoned ranch or farmland. 

Their major predators are cheetahs, which can run faster, but gazelles can outlast them in long chases and are able to make turns more speedily. This small antelope-gazelle can run extremely fast, from 80 km/h (50 mph), to 96 km/h (60 mph) and zigzag, a peculiarity which often saves it from predators. 

Sometimes they are also chased by leopards, lions and hyenas, but the gazelles are faster and more agile; these predators attack especially the young or infirm individuals. They can also be devoured by crocodiles and pythons, and their fawns are sometimes the prey of eagles, jackals, and baboons. A noticeable behaviour of Thomson's gazelles is their bounding leap, known as stotting or pronking, used to startle predators and display strength.
The **State Border Service of Azerbaijan Republic** (Azerbaijani: *Azərbaycan Respublikası Dövlət Sərhəd Xidməti*) also known as **Border Guard** of Azerbaijan is a governmental law enforcement paramilitary agency in charge of protecting the borders of Azerbaijan.

History
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The State Border Service of Azerbaijan was established on July 31, 2002 by the order of the President of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev, by taking of the border troops from jurisdiction of the Ministry of National Security of Azerbaijan. The main function of the border guard is to guard the Azerbaijani borders against any illegal acts, and to prevent illegal weapons, drugs and human trafficking in the country. 

Chief of State Border Service and Commander of Border Troops is General-Lieutenant Elchin Guliyev.

Other law enforcement bodies in Azerbaijan include the Internal Troops of Azerbaijan and the Azerbaijani National Guard.

Maritime Brigade (Azerbaijani Coast Guard)
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The international border crossing between Azerbaijan and Georgia at Balakan.
An ex-U.S. 82 foot (25 m) long patrol boat of the Border Guard's Maritime Brigade.
The Azerbaijan Coast Guard is an Azeri law enforcement agency which is a part of the State Border Service. It has been getting U.S. Coast Guard help including the buying of a Point-class cutter.

The commander is Major General Ilham Mehdiyev.

The Coast Guard was established within the State Border Service by presidential order in 2005. The Coast Guard’s new base was built in Türkan district of Baku within the State Program on "Technical development of security of state borders of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2006-2010". 

The Maritime Brigade/Coast Guard has one Point class cutter, S 14 (ex Point Brower, transferred 28 February 2003), one Osa class missile boat, S 008, which has had its SS-N-2B missiles removed, 3 Stenka class patrol boats, S 005, S 006, and S 007, all with sonar and torpedo tubes removed, 1 Zhuk class patrol craft, P 222, and two 48 foot (15 m) long Silver Ships small craft, S 11 and S 12. (Jane's Fighting Ships 2010)

Related pages
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* Military history of Azerbaijan
* Azerbaijani Armed Forces
* Azerbaijani Land Force
* Azerbaijani Air Force
* Azerbaijani Navy
* Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
* Azerbaijani National Guard

Other websites
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* Official website (in Azerbaijani)
* Azerbaijantoday.com. Azerbaijan border service has covered a long way of development, 07.09.2009
* News.az. State Border Service ships rescue Russian ship Archived 2011-10-09 at the Wayback Machine
* Defenselink.mil. Caspian Guard initiative
**Vladimir Kramnik**, born 25 June 1975, is a Russian chess grandmaster. He was Classical World Chess Champion from 2000 to 2006, and undisputed World Chess Champion from 2006 to 2007.

In October 2000, he defeated Garry Kasparov in a match played in London, and became the Classical World Chess Champion. In late 2004, Kramnik successfully defended his title against challenger Peter Leko in a drawn match played in Brissago, Switzerland.

In October 2006, Kramnik, the Classical World Champion, defeated reigning FIDE World Champion Veselin Topalov in a unification match. As a result, Kramnik became the first undisputed World Champion, since Garry Kasparov split from FIDE in 1993.

In 2007, Kramnik lost the title to Viswanathan Anand, who won the World Chess Championship tournament (not a classical match between the two players) ahead of Kramnik. He played Anand at the World Chess Championship match 2008, but lost.

Private life and health
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Kramnik has been diagnosed with an uncommon form of arthritis, called ankylosing spondylitis. It causes him great physical discomfort while playing. In January 2006, Kramnik announced that he would skip the Corus Chess Tournament in Wijk aan Zee to seek out treatment for his arthritis. He returned from treatment in June 2006, playing in the 37th Chess Olympiad. He scored a +4 result, earning the highest performance rating (2847) of the 1307 participating players.

On 30 December 2006 he married French journalist Marie-Laure Germon. He has a daughter named Daria who was born 28 December 2008.
Vladimir Stasov's portrait by Ilya Repin.
**Vladimir Vasilievich Stasov** (born 14 January [O.S. 2 January] 1824, Saint Petersburg; died 23 October [O.S. 10 October] 1906, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian art and music critic. He wrote a lot about art and music in journals, newspapers and in letters to the press. He lived at a time when classical music and other forms of culture were quite new in Russia. Russian artists were imitating European art, but Stasov encouraged them to create a culture which was typically Russian, showing its own nationalism. People saw him as the champion of the new Russian school in all the Russian arts. He knew most of the great Russian writers, artists and composers of his day, and he wrote many letters including letters to the press in which he stated his views very forcefully.

His life
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Stasov’s father was an architect. Stasov graduated from the School of Jurisprudence in 1843. In 1847 he began his career as a music critic. He gave a lot of support to Glinka who was trying to compose music that reflected Russian nationalism. In 1856 a group of five composers often got together to discuss ideas about music. Stasov called this group Moguchaya kuchka ("The Mighty Handful"). The oldest one of the group was Balakirev who was like a leader and teacher to the others. The other four were Mussorgsky, Cui, Borodin and Rimsky Korsakov. They had ideas about music which were very different from those of Anton Rubinstein, the composer who had founded the Petersburg Conservatory. Rubinstein thought that Russian composers such as Glinka were all amateurs and that music should be taught like it was in Germany. Stasov and Balakirev were very angry about his views. They started a Free Music School as a rival to the Conservatory. They wanted music to reflect Russian folk singing, dancing and the tolling of Russian church bells.

Stasov gave a lot of encouragement to Russian composers and suggested ideas for compositions to them. It is thanks to his suggestions that many great Russian operas were composed: Borodin’s Prince Igor, Mussorgsky’s Boris Godunov, Rimsky-Korsakov’s The Tale of Tsar Saltan, Sadko and The Maid of Pskov and Tchaikovsky's The Tempest and Manfred. Stasov wrote biographies of the composers Glinka, Dargomïzhsky, Musorgsky and Borodin.

Stasov wrote in an interesting way that made the reader become enthusiasic about the subject. He talked a lot about ‘nationalism’ and ‘realism’. ‘Nationalism’ meant that it should reflect the daily lives of the Russian people. He encouraged painters such as Repin, Kramskoi, Vasnetsov and Antokolsky to paint the lives of the Russian people instead of classical or biblical subjects that were popular with European artists. He became a member of the Imperial Academy of Arts in 1859 and stayed there, even when he was offered better jobs, because he felt that the Academy gave him freedom to express his thoughts. He was made honorary fellow of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1900, together with the great novelist Leo Tolstoy.