recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
The **Allgemeine Sport-Verein (ASV) Hertha Wien** was a football club from the district of Favoriten in Vienna. He was founded in 1904 and dissolved in 1940. The club played 17 seasons in the top league of Austria. His club colors were blue and white.

History
-------

ASV Hertha was founded in 1904 by some players from the SC Rudolfshügel youth team, who had left the club. In 1907 they became part of the Austrian Football Association took place. They started in the second class. In the 1910/11 season they were promoted to the 1st class , shortly before an official Austrian championship was held for the first time in the 1911/12 season. This made ASV Hertha a founding member of the championship.

Till the end of the First world war they had to struggle. Since the relegation rule was suspended throughout the war, ASV Hertha was always able to remain in the top Austrian league. After the end of the war ASV Hertha recovered quickly and placed very well in the championship. 1930 they were rellegated and never came back. After disappointing results they left the 2nd league voluntarily and finally dissolved completely in 1940.

Famous players
--------------

* Matthias Sindelar (1922-1924)
* Josef Bican (1923-1928)
* Heinrich Bělohlávek (1910er)
* Franz Cisar (1926–1928)
* Vinzenz Dittrich (1925–1930)
* Karl Ostricek (1920er)
* Rudolf Raftl (1928–1929)
* Roman Schramseis (1922–1926)

Honours
-------

* 17 seasons in the highest league
* 1 champion 2nd league
* 1 Austrian Cup semifinals
The 95 graphic ASCII characters, numbered 32 to 126 (decimal)
**ASCII** (pronounced "**az**-kee", "**ass**-key" if American), is a table of characters for computers. It is binary code used by electronic equipment to handle text using the English alphabet, numbers, and other common symbols. ASCII is an abbreviation for *American Standard Code for Information Interchange*.
ASCII was developed in the 1960s and was based on earlier codes used by telegraph systems.

The code includes definitions for 128 characters, which are assigned numbers from 0 to 127. Numbers 32 to 126 stand for letters, numbers and symbols such as abc, ABC, 123, and ?&!. Numbers 0 to 31 and the number 127 stand for characters that control how text is processed and are not printed.

ASCII uses 7 binary digits (bits) to represent characters. The bits 1000001 (65 in normal base-10 numbers) represent the upper-case letter A, 1000010 represents B, 1000011 represents C, and so on. Using the table below, you can look up a number in the Decimal column and see the character it represents in the Char column. Programmers often use hexadecimal (base-16 numbers), and you can look that up in the Hex column.

An ASCII computer file uses one byte for each character. A byte has 8 bits, so can hold an ASCII character with one bit spare. In the past, the spare bit was sometimes used as a *parity bit* to help check if the data had been corrupted.

ASCII has no formatting control (for **bold** or *Italics*, etc.)  Sometimes someone talks about a file or document in ASCII, meaning it is in plain text.

Standard ASCII is still commonly used, particularly in computer software and HTML files. Until 2010 it was the standard for URLs. Often a web site that has fields for entering text will only take ASCII text. Any special markups for bold or centered text, etc. will show up incorrectly.

  

ASCII-Table-wide

Extended ASCII
--------------

ASCII does not have diacritics (marks that are added to a letter, like the dots (umlauts) above vowels in German, or the tilde (~) above the 'n' for the 'ñ' used in Spanish). It was only meant for English and doesn't work well for most other languages. Some English words borrowed from other languages use these marks as well, like *resumé* (see Appendix:English words with diacritics).

This led to some systems using 8 bits (a full byte) instead of 7 bits. The proper name for systems that use 8 bits is called *extended ASCII*. Eight bits allows for 256 characters. The first 128 characters must be the same as for ASCII and the rest are usually used for alphabetic letters with accents, for example like É, È, Î and Ü. This solves the problem for a few languages that are based on the Latin alphabet, although not all extended ASCII systems are the same. Other alphabets, like the Greek alphabet, Cyrillic alphabet need a different set of characters. And some systems like those using Chinese characters still do not work, as they use thousands of characters. So Unicode was created to have one common system for all languages.

Other websites
--------------

* Make ASCII art Convert a graphic into ASCII
* ASCII Table with explanations
An Arcnet adapter for an AMIGA computer. The small card next to it is the size of a credit card
**Attached Resource Computer NETwork** (abbreviated **ARCNET** or **ARCnet**) is a communications protocol for local area networks. ARCNET was the first widely available networking system for microcomputers; it became popular in the 1980s for office automation tasks. It was later applied to embedded systems where certain features of the protocol are especially useful. It was first used in 1977. Arcnet uses a star-like topology, which is much easier to build and maintain than the bus topologies of other protocols developed later, such asEthernet. Original arcnet used coaxial cables, and a token-passing mechanism, much like token ring. At about 20 MBit/s maximum speed, ARCnet is much slower than other network protocols, such as ethernet. Because of its token-passing mechanisms, there are no collisions between packets. This makes it suitable for certain industrial applications, as well as for ohme automation, where it is still used.
Police forces close the road leading up to the Church
On 29 October 2020, three people were Stabbed and killed in an attack in a Roman Catholic church in Nice, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. The attack happened between 8:50 and 9:00 AM local time. The mayor of Nice said that this was a terrorist attack. He called it "islamist terrorism". The attacker was an 21 year old Tunisian. The three people killed were a seventy-year-old woman, a woman in her thirties and a member of the clergy. The woman in her thirties was able to leave the church but she died soon after the attack in a nearby restaurant. Local police entered the church and fought with the attacker. The policemen used tasers before they shot him. The attacker was taken to a nearby hospital.

The attacker was a 21 year old man from Tunisia. He had entered Italy from Lampedusa in late September 2020. The man had travelled to Bari, Apulia on 9 October. He got to France in mid October 2020. He has not asked for asylum in France. This attack happened about a week after another attack. In the earlier attack, a teacher was stabbed after showing cartoons of Muhammad.

Reactions
---------

Turkey wished condolences to the families of the people who were killed. 

> We strongly condemn the attack perpetrated today inside the Notre-Dame de Nice Church in Nice, France. We convey our condolences to the relatives of those who lost their lives in the attack and wish speedy recovery to the wounded.
> 
> — Turkey, Department of Foreign Affairs

Other attacks
-------------

On the same day, there were two other incidents involving France. In the first incident, an attacker threatened to shoot people near Avignon. There was also an attack on the French consulate in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. After these attacks, the French state raised its security alert to the maximum level.

Analysis
--------

Marc Hecker, an expert on terrorism, has analyzed this stabbing, a stabbing that happened in September in Paris and the stabbing where a teacher was targeted. He said that that the attacks are probably related to the republication of Muhammad cartoons by Chartlie Hebdo. These cartoons have caused resentment in many Islamic countries. Wassim Nasr, a journalist who deals with Islamic jihadism, said that it is not political jihad which motivates these attacks: "These people feel attacked in their faith, but do not have a political project as such, such as dividing French society or the departure of the French armies from the Sahel. On the other hand, the fact that they act alone and without ties to the jihadist sphere makes their surveillance almost impossible."
**A&M Records** is an American record label owned by Universal Music Group which operates through the Interscope-Geffen-A&M division. It was set up in 1962.

History
-------

A&M Records was started by Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss. They made 2 records under the name "Carnival Records." Finding the name *Carnival* was already being used, they changed the name to *A&M*, after their names, Alpert and Moss. From 1966 to 1999, the company's office was on the grounds of the historic Charlie Chaplin Studio at 1416 N. La Brea Avenue, near Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood.

### Pop music

In 1960s and 1970s, A&M was among the leading labels for ‘light’ pop music. Acts they recorded included:

* Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass
* Baja Marimba Band
* Burt Bacharach
* Sergio Mendes & Brasil ’66
* We Five
* The Carpenters
* Chris Montez
* Captain and Tennille
* Quincy Jones
* Paul Williams
* Joan Baez
* Phil Ochs
* Gene Clark

In 1971 piano player Billy Preston who joined the label and brought success in R&B and funk music. The Carpenters are label's most successful act of the 1970s having sold more than 100 million albums worldwide.

### British acts

At the end of the 1960s, A&M added British musicians to the label. These included:

* Joe Cocker
* Procol Harum
* Fairport Convention
* Free
* The Move
* Spooky Tooth.

### 1970's

In the 1970s, A&M made an agreement with Ode Records. They released albums for:

* Carole King
* Hummingbird
* Cheech and Chong

Other famous acts with A&M reords in the 1970s included: 

* Nazareth
* Y&T
* The Tubes
* Styx
* Supertramp
* Rick Wakeman
* Squeeze
* Peter Frampton.

### A&M in England, Europe and Canada

A&M records were first sold in the United Kingdom by EMI's Stateside Records label. It then sold records under the A&M name with Pye Records until 1967. A&M Records, Ltd. was started in 1970. A&M Records of Canada, Ltd. was also formed in 1970, and A&M Records of Europe in 1977.

In the 1970s, A&M saw potential in English punk music and on March 10, 1977 signed the Sex Pistols after the band had been dropped by EMI. However, A&M themselves sacked the band within a week.

Success
-------

Within 10 years of starting, A&M became the world's largest independent record company. In 1979, A&M made an agreement with RCA Records (which later became BMG) to distribute its records in the US, and with CBS Records in many other countries.

A&M's success continued in the 1980s with acts that included:

* Falco
* Janet Jackson
* Atlantic Starr
* The Police
* Suzanne Vega
* Oingo Boingo
* Annabel Lamb
* Bryan Adams
* Joe Jackson
* Scottish rock band Gun.

Other labels
------------

Over the years, A&M has a made its own special labels: 

* Almo International for middle of the road
* Omen Records (1964–1966) for soul
* Horizon Records for jazz (1974–1978)
* AyM Discos for Latin American
* Vendetta Records for dance music
* Tuff Break Records for hip-hop music
**Adolfo Orrù** (20 November 1909 - 29 November 1995) was an Italian engraver painter and sculptor.

Early life
----------

Orrù Adolfo, born in Sassari on November 20, 1909, was a woodcutter , painter and sculptor. He followed a classical course of study. He got a law degree from the University of Sassari. Trained by attending the circle of Sassari artists, he started engraving in 1934.

Exhibitions
-----------

He participated in the Littorali dell'Arte (1934-1936), in the Sardinian trade unions (from 1934), in the Colonial Art Exhibition held in Naples in 1935. He also participated in national exhibitions in the main Italian cities such as Bologna, Florence at the II Rome Quadrennial , at the XX Venice Biennale and at the International Woodcut in Warsaw (1936).

Move to Rome
------------

He moved to Rome in 1945, a moment in which the capital of liberated Italy was fervent with new stimuli also in the artistic world and over time he succeeded in affirming itself in the Eternal City. Also in 1945 he married with Pia Mura. On November 16, 1964 he joined the Tiberina Academy (founded in 1813 for promoting cultural heritages).

Last years
----------

In the last period of his artistic activity he worked for sacred art, participating in the National Art Exhibition of the Holy Year 1965 and the National Art Exhibition of the Holy Year 1975. On 2 June 1971 he received the honor of Knight of the Order "Al Merito della Repubblica Italiana".
The **2011 Super Outbreak** was a major tornado outbreak that happened during April 2011. It was the biggest tornado outbreak in US history. 362 tornadoes appeared during the outbreak. 3 EF5 tornadoes dropped down along with 12 EF4 tornadoes and 21 EF3 tornadoes. About 321 people died because of the tornadoes.

Meteorogical synopsis
---------------------

### April 25

On the evening of April 25, dangerous supercells started forming across Arkansas, Northeast Texas, and Southeast Oklahoma. The supercells then merged into a massive squall line of severe thunderstorms. The severe thunderstorms produced tornadoes. Then, heavy rain formed northwest of the line of severe thunderstorms and tornadoes. An EF2 tornado struck Vilonia, Arkansas, and an EF3 tornado struck Hot Springs Village, Arkansas. Later, the severe thunderstorms and tornadoes moved into Tennessee and Mississippi.

### April 26

On April 26, the severe thunderstorms and tornadoes moved back into Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. On the evening of April 26, dangerous supercells formed over Texas. Those supercells produced dangerous tornadoes, like EF2 or EF3. Then, those supecells moved into Oklahoma and Arkansas. The squall line of severe thunderstorms moved back into Tennessee and Mississippi.

### April 27

On April 27, the supercells moved into Tennessee and Mississippi, and the squall line of severe thunderstorms moved into Alabama. Then, the supercells moved into Alabama, and produced 3 EF5 tornadoes, 13 EF4 tornadoes, and 23 EF3 tornadoes. The squall line of severe thunderstorms moved into Kentucky, North Carolina, and South Carolina.

### April 28

On April 28, the supercells merged into a very large squall line, and moved into Kentucky and the Carolinas. The old squall line of severe thunderstorms moved into Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and New York. Then later, the new squall line moved into Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and New York. The storm produced some tornadoes. The other squall lines disappeared. There were five deaths.

Aftermath
---------

This transmission tower that holds power lines in Huntsville, Alabama was bent because of the high winds caused by the tornadoes.
The Governor of Alabama, Robert J. Bentley, declared a state of emergency in Alabama after the outbreak. The tornadoes caused many power outages because power lines were damaged. More than 675,000 homes that the Tennessee Valley Authority served did not have electricity after the storms. Alabama Power said that 370,000 people in Alabama did not have power after the storms.
The 9th Illinois at Shiloh, Tennessee on April 6, 1862. Despite taking heavy casualties they held General Grant's left flank
The **9th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry** was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

History
-------

Shortly after the Battle of Fort Sumter, President Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers. They were to serve for three months. The state of Illinois put out a call to form units. Six companies came from St. Clair County. Madison County sent three companies. Montgomery county sent one company. All nine companies met at Springfield, Illinois on April 23, 1861. There they were formed into the 9th Regiment, Illinois volunteer infantry. There were rumors that the Confederates intended to invade at Cairo, Illinois. In response, orders were issued for the 9th Infantry to occupy Cairo. They arrived and set up camp on May 1, 1861.

The first few months were spent on the Mississippi river guarding Cairo. Their three-month enlistments were up in July. Most of the men reenlisted for three years. In September the regiment moved to Paducah, Kentucky. There they did little more than drill practice. On February 15, 1862 they joined the fighting at the Battle of Fort Donelson. Their losses included 36 killed and 165 wounded, out of a total strength of 600. After the Confederates surrendered, they were transported by riverboats up the Tennessee River. They left the boats at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee and camped nearby. On April 6, 1862 they woke up to the sound of cannons. While they were waiting to join the battle, new orders were given. They were ordered to exchange their gray coats for Union blue. This way they would not be mistaken for Confederate troops. They then joined the battle of Shiloh. They fought most of the day. At Shiloh the 9th Illinois had the highest casualties of any Illinois unit. They lost 366 of their comrades They also fought at the Second Battle of Corinth. The regiment was changed to the 9th Illinois Volunteer Mounted Infantry Regiment on March 15, 1863. On July 9, 1865 the 9th Illinois Infantry was mustered out (released from military service) at Louisville, Kentucky.

Total strength and casualties
-----------------------------

The regiment suffered 5 officers and 211 recruited men killed in action or mortally wounded. 1 officer and 200 enlisted men died of disease. In total there were 417 casualties (persons killed or wounded).

Uniforms
--------

The 9th Illinois volunteers, along with the 8th, 11th, and 12th, all wore gray coats trimmed in blue. They also wore Zouave caps. In 1862, they changed to the same blue uniforms as other Union Army regiments. Most of the Illinois infantry regiments used Springfield Model 1861 muskets.

Commanders
----------

* Colonel Augustus Mersy - Mustered out with the regiment

Other websites
--------------

* The Civil War Archive
**Adware** is an advertising computer program that can be put there by other people on someone's computer, sometimes without their permission. It is controversial because sometimes businesses put the program there so they can see what people are doing or what web pages they are browsing. They then put an advertisement that is of the same subject as the web-page the person is looking at. This can be good if the person is trying to buy something, but many people do not want advertisements. Many people also do not want other people to find out what they are doing or what web pages they are looking at. An example is in the popular peer-to-peer file sharing program, Kazaa. When someone downloads it, it installs adware on their computer that then sends advertisements to the computer. Some people do not like this so they use an illegally changed version of this program called Kazaa Lite.

Removal tools
-------------

Removal tools have been developed to assist users in clearing out these unwanted programs.
Like many programs that people use for security, the program must be changed often. Updating allows the removal tool to recognize new types of adware. This can be done by downloading files over the internet using the 'update' option in the program.
The Adler Planetarium
The **Adler Planetarium & Astronomy Museum** is a planetarium in Chicago, Illinois, U.S.. It was the first planetarium built in the Western Hemisphere and is the oldest in existence. The planetarium was founded and built in 1930 by the philanthropist Max Adler, with the assistance of the first director of the planetarium, Philip Fox. The Adler Planetarium opened to the public on May 12, 1930.

The planetarium is on Northerly Island. It is part of Chicago's Museum Campus, along with the John G. Shedd Aquarium and the Field Museum of Natural History. For its design, architect Ernest A. Grunsfeld, Jr. was awarded the gold medal of the Chicago chapter of the American Institute of Architects in 1931. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Adler Planetarium***.

* Adler Planetarium & Astronomy Museum
* Adler Planetarium Collections & Archives Archived 2010-05-02 at the Wayback Machine
* History of the Adler Archived 2013-01-28 at the Wayback Machine
* 3D Google Earth Model Archived 2011-05-19 at the Wayback Machine

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* ISNI
* VIAF
* WorldCat Identities

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| National | 
* France
* BnF data

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| Geographic | 
* Structurae

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| Other | 
* MusicBrainz label
* IdRef

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Ascending and descending **A-flat major** scale.
**A♭ major** or **A-flat major** is a major scale that starts on A-flat.

Its relative minor is F minor and its parallel minor is A-flat minor.

This is a very peaceful key. It was used often by Franz Schubert. Twenty-four of Frédéric Chopin's piano pieces are in A-flat major, more than any other key.

Charles-Marie Widor considered A-flat major to be the second best key for flute music.

Beethoven chose A-flat major as the key of the slow movement for most of his C minor works. This was also followed by Antonín Dvořák in his only C minor symphony and Anton Bruckner in his first two C minor symphonies. 
Since A-flat major was not often chosen as the main key for orchestral music of the 18th century, passages or movements in the key often kept the timpani tuned the same way as they were in the movement before it. For example, Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in C minor has the timpani set to C and G for the first movement. With hand-tuned timpani, there is no time to retune the timpani to A flat and E flat for the slow second movement in A flat. In Bruckner's Symphony No. 1 in C minor, however, the timpani are retuned between the first movement in C minor and the following in A-flat major.

Edward Elgar's Symphony No. 1 in A-flat major is probably the best-known symphony in that key. Arnold Bax's last symphony is also in the same key. A-flat major is the major key with the most flats that Domenico Scarlatti used in his keyboard sonatas, though he used it only twice– in K. 127 and K. 130. Felix Mendelssohn and John Field each wrote one piano concerto in A-flat.

Scales and keys
---------------

| * v
* t
* e
Diatonic Scales and Keys |
| --- |
| Circle of fifthsCircle of fifths | 

|  | Flats | Sharps |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Major | minor | Major | minor |
| 0 | **C**, **a** |
| 1 | **F** | **d** | **G** | **e** |
| 2 | **B♭** | **g** | **D** | **b** |
| 3 | **E♭** | **c** | **A** | **f♯** |
| 4 | **A♭** | **f** | **E** | **c♯** |
| 5 | **D♭** | **b♭** | **B** | **g♯** |
| 6 | **G♭** | **e♭** | **F♯** | **d♯** |
| 7 | **C♭** | **a♭** | **C♯** | **a♯** |
| 8 | **F♭** | **d♭** | **G♯** | **e♯** |

 |
| The table shows the number of sharps or flats in each scale. Minor scales are written in lower case. |
**Acritarchs** are early microfossils, the remains, probably, of eukaryote cells. It is the resistant single-layered cell walls, or perhaps a cover secreted by cell walls, that we see in early rocks of the Proterozoic era. These structures are organic in their chemical composition, not calcium carbonate. Their precise nature is not known, but they look like the resting stages of modern dinoflagellates (the 'red tide' organisms).

"These microfossils represent the resting stage in the reproductive cycle of eukaryote algae".p258
Acritarchs appear in quantity in organic-rich shales and siltstone strata 1.4 to 1.6 billion years old.p57 They include a wide range of forms, so it is not clear whether or not they are monophyletic. At about 1 billion years ago they started to increase in abundance, diversity, and especially size and number of spines. Their populations crashed during the Cryogenian period 860 million years ago (the Snowball Earth episodes). They proliferated in the Cambrian explosion and reached their highest diversity in the Palaeozoic. They survived at least until the Ordovician period.p256

The increased spininess possibly resulted from the need for defence against predators large enough to swallow them or tear them apart. Other groups of small organisms from the Neoproterozoic era also show signs of anti-predator defences.

Recent discovery
----------------

A recent discovery has greatly extended our knowledge of acritarchs. Large (50μm) acritarchs have been found in silica-based rocks of Archaean age in South Africa. These rocks date to 3,200 million years ago, which makes them the second oldest life to be found as fossils. The earliest are cyanobacteria found in stromatolites.

The significance of this is that acritarchs are eukaryotes. This means that eukaryotes were present at least 1.5 billion years earlier than had been supposed.
**A cappella** music is music where people sing without instruments.

In a choir, there are up to 5 parts: soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, and bass. A cappella can also have those 5 parts. A difference is with percussion. With musical instruments, percussion is done with musical instruments that you hit, such as drums. In an a cappella performance, a person makes the percussion sound. For a beatbox performance, performers make sounds like electric drums, synthesizer and electric guitar. Another part of percussion in a cappella performance is making classical drum sounds for tapping the beat.

The word a cappella is Italian for "in the manner of the church" or "in the manner of the chapel". It was first used in religious music. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing.

History
-------

For the first 1000 years of Christianity, all hymns in the church were sung without instrumental accompaniment. This style of singing came to be known as a cappella, meaning "of the church" or "in the style of the church".

Genres
------

There are several kinds of music in a cappella, such as barbershop, classical, contemporary, gospel, doo-wop, jazz, and world.

A **barbershop** group has 4 people. The name of this genre came from the tradition that when many men gathered in a barbershop they would sing with no musical instruments. A barbershop quartet has four male voices or four female voices. **Mixed barbershop** quartets are also possible, usually with two male and two female voices. The voices parts are called bass, baritone, **lead**, and tenor. In music in the barbershop style, the melody (the **"tune"**) is sung by the lead part.

In **classical** a cappella, people perform classical music such as 'a Turkish march', 'Overture William Tell', madrigal, etc.

**Contemporary** is the most popular kind of a cappella these days. For this kind, the "bass" line should be stronger, and the "chorus" (all the singers except for bass, percussion, and solo) should have variety. The percussion should make their sound more like drums. This genre is similar to 'doo-wop' but the "chorus" part is more complex and has a variety of sound effects.

**Doo-wop** is also getting more popular because of its simple style. Even though it has simple moto (Italian for **"progression of music"**), it can be interesting with great vocal and chorus.

Other websites
--------------

* Club for five Archived 2014-11-20 at the Wayback Machine
* The Real Group
* The Idea of North Archived 2011-12-16 at the Wayback Machine
* Suade Archived 2011-12-01 at the Wayback Machine
* Naturally 7
* CASA - The Contemporary A Cappella Society
* CASHM Archived 2011-10-22 at the Wayback Machine
* KACS - Korea A Cappella Society Archived 2014-05-17 at the Wayback Machine
4Q120, fragment 20, 1st-century BCE, showing portions of verses 26 through 28 of Leviticus 4
Detail: the Divine Name in verse 27
**4Q120** (also **pap4QLXXLevb**; **VH 46**; **Rahlfs 802**; **LDAB 3452**) is a Septuagint manuscript (LXX) of the biblical Book of Leviticus, which was found at Qumran. The Rahlfs-No. is 802. Palaoegraphycally it dates from the first century BCE.

ΙΑΩ
---

In the manuscript it is attested use of Ιαω to translate the tetragrammaton in Leviticus 3:12 (frg. 6) and 4:27 (frg. 20)

Greek text according to A. R. Meyer:

Lev 4:27 

[αφεθησεται ]αυτωι εαν[ δε ψυχη μια]   

[αμαρτ]η[ι α]κουσιως εκ[ του λαου της]   

[γης ]εν τωι ποιησαι μιαν απ[ο πασων]   

των εντολων **ιαω** ου πο[ιηθησε] 

Lev 3:12–13

[τωι ιαω] 12 εαν δ[ε απο των αιγων]   

[το δωρ]ον αυτο[υ και προσαξει εν]   

[αντι **ι**]**αω** 13 και ε[πιθησει τας χει]

Actual location
---------------

Currently the manuscript is housed in the Rockefeller Museum in Jerusalem.
The **2000 UEFA Cup semi-final violence** was a number of fights in Istanbul, Turkey between fans of English football team Leeds United and Turkish team, Galatasaray before their UEFA Cup semi-final first leg. It is noted for the deaths of two Leeds fans.

Events
------

The events happened at 21:00 in Istanbul's Taksim Square during a fight between Leeds fans and Galatasaray fans the day before their UEFA Cup semi-final first leg at Galatasaray's Ali Sami Yen Stadium in Istanbul on 6 April 2000.

Leeds fans had been reportedly taunting people from local bars, to which the Turkish police were called in to stop fights breaking out. There were reports that a Galatasaray fan had run to a nearby phone box to call for help when he saw Leeds fans coming into the area. A large number of Galatasaray fans, reportedly part of a gang called "The Night Watchmen", entered the area soon after which led to a fight between the two sets of fans which led to the two Leeds fans being stabbed. Police arrested Ali Umit Demir and three other men for the stabbings.

It was not clear how the fight started with reports of the fight either being started by Leeds fans throwing beer glasses at Galatasaray fans and being rude about the Turkish flag or being started by Galatasaray fans throwing chairs or attacking Leeds fans with knives.

Sources
-------

1. ↑  Chris Morris (2000-04-06). "Two Leeds fans die in soccer fight". The Guardian. Retrieved 2013-03-06.
2. ↑  "Turk 'admits' stabbing Leeds fan". BBC News. 2000-04-07. Retrieved 2013-03-06.
3. ↑  Hugh Muir (2002-05-01). "15 years for Leeds fans' killer". Evening Standard. Retrieved 2013-03-06.
4. 1 2  Will Woodward, Rory Carroll, Daniel Taylor and David Ward (2000-04-07). "Tragedy that awaited two fans on a journey to hell". The Guardian. Retrieved 2013-03-06.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
5. ↑  "Uefa bans Turkish fans". BBC News. 2000-04-14. Retrieved 2013-03-06.
6. ↑  Stokes, Paul (2002-05-02). "Turk jailed for killing Leeds fans". Telegraph. Retrieved 2013-03-06.
7. ↑  "Four charged with murder; Leeds boss hits out". CNN. 2000-04-10. Retrieved 2013-03-06.
|  |
| --- |
| **Antimatter** |
| **Overview** |
| **Annihilation** |
| **Devices*** Particle accelerator
* Penning trap
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| **Antiparticles*** Positron
* Antiproton
* Antineutron
 |
| **Uses*** PET
* Fuel
* Weaponry
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| **Bodies*** ALPHA Collaboration
* ATHENA
* ATRAP
* CERN
 |
| **People*** Paul Dirac
* Carl Anderson

| edit |
| --- |

 |

The **ALPHA Collaboration** is a group of physicists from about 11 universities who work together (or "collaborate") to try to trap neutral antimatter. The neutral antimatter they are working to trap is antihydrogen. This is the antimatter version of hydrogen, the first atom in the periodic table. Antihydrogen, like hydrogen, has two oppositely charged particles. Hydrogen has a proton and an electron, and so antihydrogen would have an antiproton and a positron. A positron is the common name for the antielectron.

CERN
----

The ALPHA collaboration has its experiment at CERN in Geneva in Switzerland. CERN is the only place in the world that can provide "slow" antiprotons that can be easily captured by ALPHA. ALPHA then brings these antiprotons into contact with positrons and form antihydrogen. 

Antihydrogen has, like many atoms and especially hydrogen, a small magnetic dipole moment. A dipole moment is another way of saying that the atom behaves a bit as if it was a tiny magnet with a north and a south pole. Normally such small magnets are attracted to other magnets. However, some atoms in some states behave such that they are repelled by magnetic fields. This means that the atoms could possibly be trapped in space by making a minimum of the magnetic field. ALPHA is trying to do just that with antihydrogen. By a clever arrangement of magnets, ALPHA has a so-called magnetic minimum trap, in which antihydrogen may be trapped. 

This is a difficult process. The magnetic forces on these atoms are quite weak, so the trap can only contain antihydrogen atoms of very low motional (kinetic) energy, that is at very low temperature. The current state-of-the-art ALPHA trap can contain antihydrogen atoms in their ground state if they are colder than about 0.5 Kelvin (i.e. 0.5 degrees above absolute zero). ALPHA is currently working on making such cold antihydrogen.
See also: B-flat minor

**A-sharp minor** or **A♯ minor** is a minor scale based on **A-sharp**. Its key signature has seven sharps.

Its relative major is C-sharp major. Its parallel major is A-sharp major. This is usually replaced by B-flat major, because A-sharp major's three double sharps in the key signature makes it generally impractical. Exceptions include Chopin's Polonaise-Fantaisie in A-flat major, Op. 61, which has a short passage of about 6 bars actually written in A-sharp major, putting in the necessary double-sharps as accidentals. This is part of a theme in B major, which modulates to A-sharp major for a little while.

A-sharp minor has the enharmonic equivalent of B-flat minor. This is often used in most musical compositions instead of A-sharp minor, because A-sharp minor is not a useful key for compositions and is one of the least used minor keys in music. However, there were some composers in the past that have composed music in this key. Christian Heinrich Rinck wrote his Prelude No. 16 from Op. 15 in A-sharp minor.

Other websites
--------------

* Overview of Compositions with 7 Accidentals

Scales and keys
---------------

| * v
* t
* e
Diatonic Scales and Keys |
| --- |
| Circle of fifthsCircle of fifths | 

|  | Flats | Sharps |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Major | minor | Major | minor |
| 0 | **C**, **a** |
| 1 | **F** | **d** | **G** | **e** |
| 2 | **B♭** | **g** | **D** | **b** |
| 3 | **E♭** | **c** | **A** | **f♯** |
| 4 | **A♭** | **f** | **E** | **c♯** |
| 5 | **D♭** | **b♭** | **B** | **g♯** |
| 6 | **G♭** | **e♭** | **F♯** | **d♯** |
| 7 | **C♭** | **a♭** | **C♯** | **a♯** |
| 8 | **F♭** | **d♭** | **G♯** | **e♯** |

 |
| The table shows the number of sharps or flats in each scale. Minor scales are written in lower case. |
**Albert Deane Grover** (born February 18, 1865 in Boston, Massachusetts; died October 23, 1927 in Manhattan, New York) was an American banjo player. He also wrote music, taught, and invented musical parts and accessories for stringed instruments. He helped set up the Boston Ideal Banjo, Mandolin and Guitar Club. He also started the musical accessories company A. D. Grover & Son. 

Grover held over 50 patents for musical instrument parts. 

Grover was born on February 18, 1865 in Boston, Massachusetts. His father, Stephen Grover (1820–1885), was a Boston piano maker.

Grover died on October 23, 1927 in Manhattan, New York

In 1952, A.D. Grover & Son was renamed to Grover Musical Products, Inc.

Selected musical pieces
-----------------------

* *Magog Quickstep,* written by Grover, Boston: Thompson & Odell (1887) OCLC 671714696
* *Marguerite Waltz,* written by Grover, Boston: Thompson & Odell (1889) OCLC 671715101

Other publications
------------------

* *Grover's Progressive Method for the Banjo,* Boston: Thompson & Odell Company (1892) OCLC 635451928

Other websites
--------------

* The Maverick schottische / by A. D. Grover
99942 Apophis
Path of risk where 99942 Apophis may impact Earth in 2036. Source: data estimated by the B612 Foundation.
**(99942) Apophis** (symbol ) is a near-Earth asteroid that worried people for a short time in December 2004. This was because observations seemed to show that it would hit the Earth in 2029. Other observations had more accurate, or better, ideas. During 2029, Apophis would go through a "gravitational keyhole", an area in space no more than about 400 meters across. This would make it hit the Earth on April 13, 2036. This danger made the asteroid Level 1 on the Torino impact hazard scale until August 2006.

More watching showed scientists that the "keyhole" would be missed. On August 5, 2006, Apophis was lowered to a Level 0 on the Torino Scale. As of October 19 2006 the probability that Apophis will hit the Earth on April 13, 2036 is something around 1 in 45,000. It may also hit in 2038, but however the probability for that encounter, or meeting, is 1 in 12.3 million.

More reading
------------

Cooke, Bill. (2006) Fatal attraction. *Astronomy*, May 2006, pp. 46-51.

Other websites
--------------

### Risk assessment

These sources are updated as new orbital data becomes available:

* Archived 2013-05-12 at the Wayback Machine (NASA JPL)
* 2004 MN4 page and 2004 MN4 impactor table from NEODyS.

### NASA

* Archived 2007-08-18 at the Wayback Machine (JPL)
* Archived 2011-01-13 at the Wayback Machine (JPL)
* Archived 2007-06-21 at the Wayback Machine (JPL)

### Other articles

* Closest Flyby of Large Asteroid to be Naked-Eye Visible (2029 approach)
* Archived 2008-09-05 at the Wayback Machine (*Sky and Telescope*)
* An asteroid, headed our way (Christian Science Monitor, on efforts to deflect the asteroid if needed)
**Beetham Tower** (also known as the **Hilton Tower**) is a landmark 47-storey mixed use skyscraper in Manchester, England. Completed in 2006, it is named after its developers, the Beetham Organisation, and was designed by SimpsonHaugh and Partners. The development occupies a sliver of land at the top of Deansgate, hence its elongated plan, and was proposed in July 2003, with construction starting a year later.

At a height of 554 feet (169 m), it is the tallest externally complete building in Manchester and tallest outside London in the United Kingdom. It was described by the *Financial Times* as "the UK's first proper skyscraper outside London". From 2006 to 2018, the skyscraper was the tallest building in Manchester and outside London in the United Kingdom. In November 2018 it was surpassed by the newly topped out South Tower at Deansgate Square; which is 659 feet (201 m) tall.

As a result of the elongated floor plan, the structure is one of the thinnest skyscrapers in the world with a height to width ratio of 10:1 on the east west façade, but is noticeably wider on the north south façade. A four-metre cantilever marks the transition between hotel and residential use on the north façade, and a blade structure on the south side of the building acts as a façade overrun accentuating its slim form and doubles as a lightning rod. The skyscraper is visible from ten English counties on a clear day.

Floors 1 to 22 are occupied by the 279-bedroom four-star Hilton Manchester Deansgate Hotel. The 23rd floor has a four-metre cantilevered overhang with two glass windows in its floor, overlooking the ground from the skybar, Cloud 23, the only such bar in Manchester. The floor has a bar and lounge operated by Hilton. Floors 25 to 47 are occupied by residential apartments.

The top floor penthouse offers views of Greater Manchester, the Cheshire Plain, the Pennines and Snowdonia. The tower is known for emitting a loud unintentional hum or howl in windy weather, believed to emanate from the glass 'blade' atop the building. The hum has been recorded as a B below middle C and can be heard over large parts of the local area.

Architectural response to the skyscraper is polarised and interpretations vary. Some questioned its dominant appearance over the city – particularly over listed buildings with one author going as far to say the skyscraper instantly *"torpedoed"* any possibility of Manchester becoming a UNESCO World Heritage City – a status Manchester was previously on the United Kingdom shortlist for due its industrial past.

Others feel its dramatic appearance and peculiarity is reflective of Manchester, and that the Beetham Tower symbolises Manchester's reinvention as a post-industrial city - particularly since the bombing of 1996. Nevertheless, it has received praise and was awarded the best tall building in the world in 2007 by the Council for Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.
***Aegyptosaurus***, meaning "Egypt's Lizard", is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived in Africa around 95 million years ago during the Upper Cretaceous period. Like most sauropods, it had a long neck and a small skull. The animal's long tail probably acted as a counterweight to its body mass. Its tail also ended in a whip-like structure that it used to defend itself against predatory dinosaurs such as *Carcharodontosaurus* and *Spinosaurus*. 

*Aegyptosaurus* was a close relative of *Argentinosaurus*, a much larger dinosaur that lived in South America at about the same time. This suggests a possible land bridge between Africa and South America during the Cretaceous period. 

*Aegyptosaurus* was discovered and named by a German paleontologist named Ernst Stromer in 1932. Its fossils were found in Egypt, Niger, and in several different locations in the Sahara Desert. All known specimens were discovered before 1939. The fossils were stored together in Munich, but were destroyed when an Allied bombing raid hit the museum in 1944, during World War II.
The type species is *Aegyptosaurus baharijensis*, named after the Bahariya Formation in Egypt, where the first fossils were found.

*Aegyptosaurus* was much smaller and more common than its contemporary, *Paralititan*.
Abigail Adams Smith by Mather Brown
**Abigail Adams Smith** or **Nabby Adams** was the eldest daughter of 2nd U.S. president John Adams and Former first lady Abigail Adams as well as the sister of John Quincy Adams the 6th U.S. president.

Early life
----------

Abigail was the only one of Abigail and John Adams' girl children to live very long. She was very close to her mother and stayed with her when John Adams was away. When Abigail Adams went to join her husband in Paris, Nabby went with her. She spent time in Paris and in London.

Marriage and children
---------------------

On June 12, 1786, Abigail married Colonel William Stephens Smith. They had four children: William Steuben Smith, John Adams Smith, Thomas Smith, and Caroline Amelia Smith. William Stephens Smith was always trying to get rich quickly and made many foolish decisions, so the Smiths did not have much money. But John Adams got William Stephens Smith a job as a surveyor for the Port of New York. In 1806, William Stephens Smith was arrested for trying to overthrow the government of Venezuela and lost his job. Things were so bad that Abigail Adams Smith talked about divorce to her mother. He eventually started a farm in East Chester, New York and became a member of Congress.

Illness and death
-----------------

When she was 46, she found a lump in her breast. She moved to her parents' farm in Massachusetts and talked to two doctors, Tufts and Rush. They told her the best thing to do was surgery. At the time, there was no good way to make people stay asleep during surgery, so Abigail Adams Smith was awake for most of it. It took 25 minutes and another hour to close the wound. She lived for another two years. But she became very thin and came back to Quincy to die.

Abigail Adams wrote about the end of her daughter's life: "She told her physician that she was perfectly sensible of her situation and reconciled to it...Although she was bolstered up in her bed and could neither walk or stand, she was always calm."

According to McCollough, John Adams felt "as if he were living in the Book of Job" when Nabby was dying.
***A for Andromeda*** is a media drama written by Fred Hoyle and John Elliott for BBC television. It was originally presented in these forms:

* *A for Andromeda*: 1961 BBC tv series
* *The Andromeda Breakthrough*: 1962 sequel for BBC
* *A come Andromeda*: 1971 Italian film for television
* *A for Andromeda* 2006 film for BBC Four: essentially a remake of the 1961 tv series.

There are book versions of the three works in English. They are listed in the usual sources, for example .

Although at first sight the authors seem to have suggested the signal is connected with the galaxy Andromeda, further thought suggests that "from the direction of Andromeda" could describe a source within our own galaxy. And so the authors avoid the implication that the message would have taken 2.5 million years in arriving, but could come from within our own galaxy.
The message might come from as close as 420 light years away.

Plot line
---------

The main plot line is that a radio astronomer gets a series of impulses from the direction of the Andromeda galaxy. He interprets the message as instructions to build an advanced computer. When this is done, the computer instructs them as to how they can build a living individual. This they do. In the original BBC version Julie Christie plays *Andromeda*. The lead scientist fears that her purpose is to enslave humanity.

Property rights in the series
-----------------------------

The original BBC tv versions have been mostly destroyed, and Christie was not signed up for the sequels. When the sequel was written, Christie had become too expensive for the BBC to hire again. At that time the BBC did not perhaps understand the concept of "property rights", an important part of the modern world. Media creations are properties. Property is not to be thought of as just buildings: any creative act is potentially a property in the sense of copyright.
The **1998 Kissimmee tornado outbreak**, also known as the **Central Florida tornado outbreak** or **The Night of The Tornadoes** was a deadly tornado event in Florida during the night of February 22-23, 1998 in the central part of the state, including the Orlando area. The outbreak killed 42 people and injured 260, the worst such tornado event in Florida since March 31, 1962. The first major tornado hit Winter Garden at 11:40 p.m. and the deadliest tornado struck the Kissimmee area at 12:40 a.m. before dissipating at 1:28 a.m. EST.

Tornadoes
---------

| Time (EST) | Date | County | Fatalities | Injuries |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10:55 p.m. | February 22 | Volusia | 1 | 3 |
| 11:37 p.m.-midnight | February 22 | Lake, Orange | 3 | 70 |
| 12:10-12:25 a.m. | February 23 | Seminole, Volusia | 13 | 36 |
| 12:40-1:28 a.m. | February 23 | Osceola, Orange | 25 | 150 |
| 12:45 a.m. | February 23 | Volusia | 0 | 0 |
| 1:38 a.m. | February 23 | Brevard | 0 | 0 |
| 2:30 a.m. | February 23 | Brevard | 0 | 0 |