recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Maximum expansion of the celts in light green, about 300 BC. The original range,about 500BC is shown in dark green.
the Coligny calendar was found near Lyon, in 1897. It is a lunisolar calendar
Image of a horned figure on the Gundestrup cauldron, about the god Cernunnos.
**Celtic polytheism** is the name for a set of beliefs or religion. Another term frequently used for Celtic polytheism is **Celtic paganism**. It was originally held by the European people called Celts today. There was a movement to convert these people to Christianity; this process was finished by about 500 AD. 

The first findings relating to this set of beliefs can be dated to about 500 BC. The system of beliefs lasted roughly one millennium, in the La Tène period, and the Roman era. 

In the case of the Celts on the British Isles, this also included parts of the Iron Age. Celtic polytheism was one of the Iron Age polytheistic religions of the Indo-European family.

There are many different names for the gods of the Celtic pantheon. These names have either been recorded by Ancient Greek or Ancient Roman geographers, or they have been found in inscriptions on graves. Among the most prominent of these gods are Teutatis, Taranis and Lugus. People involved in comparative mythology have also added figures from medieval Irish mythology to this list. They say that these figures are deities or heroes from earlier times that have been interpreted in a different way. This process is known as *Euhemerisation*, after Euhemeros, a philosopher from Ancient Greece who described this process. 

According to Roman historians, the Celts practiced human sacrifice as part of their religion. There also seems to have been a caste of "magico-religious specialists", which were called druids in Gaul, Britain and Ireland. Little is known about them today.

The Roman Empire conquered Gaul between 58 and 51 BC, and southern Britannia in the year 43 AD. After this, the Celtic religious practices changed, and elements of Romanisation started to show. This resulted in a Gallo-Roman culture, which had its own Gallo-Roman religious traditions. The number of deities increased, and deities such as Cernunnos were added. 

In the 5th and 6th centuries, there was another change, as Christianity became the dominant faith in the Celtic area. It replaced the earlier religions, but influenced later mythology. In the 20th century, a new religious movement called Celtic Neopaganism appeared.
**Celtic punk** is punk rock mixed with traditional Celtic music. 

Celtic punk bands often play covers of traditional Irish, Welsh or Scottish folk and political songs. They will often make original songs too. Common themes in Celtic punk music include politics, Celtic culture and identity, heritage, religion, drinking and working class pride.

The genre became popular in the 1980s by The Pogues. The Pogues are a band of London Irish punk musicians in London. They celebrated their Irish heritage.

The term *Celtic punk* is usually used to describe bands who base their music in Irish or Scottish traditional music. It is considered part of the more general folk punk genre. However, folk punk is usually used for bands that use English, American and other forms of folk music as inspiration. 

The usual Celtic punk band includes a rock instrument as well as traditional instruments such as bagpipes, fiddle, tin whistle, accordion, mandolin, and banjo. Like Celtic rock, Celtic punk is a form of Celtic fusion.

Other websites
--------------

* Paddy Rock Archived 2019-09-08 at the Wayback Machine
* Irish Punk Archived 2017-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
**Cantabria** is a region in the north of Spain. It has 563,000 people living in it. In Cantabria most people speak Spanish. The people of Cantabria have autonomy in Spain, which means they have their own local government and much control over their region. The capital is Santander. This city is on the coast of the Cantabrian Sea and is very popular with tourists. Cantabria belongs to the Green Spain, the name given to the strip of land between the Cantabrian Sea and the Cantabrian Mountains in northern Spain.

Culture
-------

Many different examples of prehistoric cave art have been found, suggesting the Cantabrian culture is at least 15,000 years old. Cave art is the best known feature of the Cantabrian life. The latest round of systematic cave explorations began in the early 1970s. Now new art can be discovered every year. Some of the cave art is engraved, and others are painted. Much of the cave art is of animals. There are often pictures of red deer found from this area of Spain. There are also other unusual symbols that can be found. This attracts much interest and many tourists to this culture. The Cantabrian life revolves mainly around art, tourism, and fishing. Rich deposits of coal, iron, and zinc are also mined in the Cantabrian Mountains. Tourism is a very large part of the Cantabrian life, and their economic success.

Climate
-------

Cantabria is known for a rainy and cool climate. The region is also greener than southern Spain and is very mountainous.


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The COVID-19 pandemic spread to Russia on 31 January 2020, when two Chinese tourists in Tyumen, Siberia and Chita, Russian Far East tested positive for the virus, with both cases being contained.

Measures
--------

Early prevention measures happened within the first cases. They included restricting the border with China and large testing. The infection spread from Italy on 2 March, leading to more measures such as cancelling events, closing schools, theatres and museums, shutting the border, and declaring a non-working period which lasted up to 11 May, having been extended twice.

Cases
-----

By the end of March, lockdowns were added in the large majority of federal subjects, including Moscow. By 17 April, cases were confirmed in all federal areas. On 27 April, the number of confirmed cases passed those in China and on 30 April, it passed 100,000.

As of 14 May, Russia has 252,245 confirmed cases, 53,530 recoveries, 2,305 deaths, and over 6.1 million tests performed, ranking second in number of confirmed cases. The city of Moscow is currently the most affected, having the majority of confirmed cases.
**Carl Ransom Rogers** (January 8, 1902 – February 4, 1987), was a 20th-century humanistic (client-centered) psychologist. His 1969 collection of essays, *Freedom to Learn*, was influential for a young generation in the late 1960s and through the 1970s. Rebellions against college teaching methods, the deschooling movement, flower power and the alternative society often referred to Roger's ideas in their various pamphlets. Rogers is regarded as the second most influential therapist (clinical psychologist) of the 20th century (behind Freud).

Biography
---------

Rogers was born and raised in Oak Park, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. His parents were Walter Rogers and Julia Cushing. He was the fourth of six children. Rogers was educated in a strict, religious environment. He was first interested in studying agriculture at the University of Wisconsin-Madison with a focus on history and religion. His interest changed from agriculture to religion. He received a bachelor's degree in 1924. After that, he entered a liberal Protestant seminary in New York City. That went against the views of his conservative father. Rogers spent two years in seminary. He later transferred to Columbia University Teachers College, where he worked with John Dewey. Rogers received his master's degree in 1928. In 1931, he received a PhD in clinical psychology from Columbia University.

After receiving his PhD, Rogers worked at Ohio State University, the University of Chicago, and the University of Wisconsin. During that time, he developed what was later known as client-centered therapy. After his work at the University of Wisconsin, Rogers worked at the Western Behavioral Studies Institute in LaJolla, California. From there he and several other people formed the Center for Studies of the Person (CSP). He remained there until his death in 1987.

Legacy
------

During the last ten years of his life, Rogers used his person-centered approach in a broader field of work. He used helping relationships in the resolution of inter-group and international conflict. He and his colleagues conducted many experiments in cross cultural communication and peacemaking in the Carl Rogers Peace Project. For this work, Rogers was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. The work is not widely known, but it puts Rogers' contributions into a wider social and political context.

Selected works by Carl Rogers
-----------------------------

* *Clinical Treatment of the Problem Child* (1939)
* *Counseling and Psychotherapy: newer concepts in practice* (1942)
* *Client-Centered Therapy: its current practice, implications, and theory* (1951)
* *On Becoming a Person: a therapist's view of psychotherapy* (1961)
* *Person to Person: the problem of being human* (1967)
* *Freedom to Learn: a view of what education might become* (1969) ISBN 0-675-09579-4
* *On Encounter Groups* (1970)
* *Becoming Partners: marriage and its alternatives* (1972)
* *On Personal Power: inner strength and its revolutionary impact* (1977)
* *A Way of Being* (1980)
The **Caledonian Canal** connects the Scottish east coast at Inverness with the west coast at Corpach near Fort William in Scotland. The canal was built in the early nineteenth century by the Scottish engineer Thomas Telford. It is about 60 miles (100 kilometres) long and reaches 106 feet (32 metres) above sea level. Only one third of the entire length is man-made, the rest is made up of Loch Dochfour, Loch Ness, Loch Oich, and Loch Lochy in the Great Glen. There are 29 locks, four aqueducts and 10 bridges in the course of the canal.

It was designed partly as a job creation project, as many people were leaving Scotland. It was also for ships to avoid the dangerous journey around the north of Scotland past Cape Wrath and the Pentland Firth. It was paid for with government money, unlike most British canals, with an Act of Parliament in 1803. The locks were built to take 32-gun frigates for the Royal Navy.

It opened in 1822 and cost £910,000.

Part of Corpach double lock collapsed in 1843 and the canal was closed for repairs, and made deeper. Queen Victoria took a trip along it in 1873 and it became more of a tourist attraction than a shipping route. It is now is now a Scheduled Ancient Monument.
Caledonian Forest above the Allt Ruadh
The **Caledonian Forest** is a type of woodland that once covered vast areas of Scotland. Today, parts of the original forest survive, covering 180 square kilometres (44,000 acres) in 84 places. The forests are home to a wide variety of wildlife, much of which is not found elsewhere in the British Isles.

History
-------

The Caledonian forests were formed at the end of the last ice age. Trees began to recolonise what is now the British Isles over a land bridge which is now beneath the English Channel. Forests of this type were found all over what is now the island of Great Britain for a short period. Then the climate began to warm and the pine wood retreated north into the Scottish Highlands. 

What's left of a Caledonian pinewood near Loch an Eilein
The native pinewoods which formed this westernmost outpost of the boreal forest of Europe are estimated to have covered 15,000 km2 (3,700,000 acres) as a vast wilderness of pine, birch, rowan, aspen, juniper, oak and a few other species. On the west coast, oak and birch predominated in a temperate rainforest ecosystem rich in ferns, mosses and lichens.

The forest takes its name from the Romans, who called Scotland *Caledonia*, from the early Celtic word '\*caleto-' meaning 'hard, strong'. The name was used by a local tribe or tribal confederation of native Picts or Britons called the *Caledonii*.

Rewilding
---------

Today less than 1% of the original native pinewood forest survives, in isolated remnants. The only real future of the once great forest is rewilding. This amounts to keeping sections free of deer and hogs until trees have a chance to grow. Natural predators are also needed to keep control of herbivores which would otherwise eat everything before trees could grow. Alan Watson Featherstone explains his life's work.

Wildlife
--------

Capercaillie - a species which depends on the Caledonian Forest
A unique ecosystem in the British Isles, the Caledonian pinewoods are home to some of the country's rarest wildlife. It is one of the last remaining wildernesses in the British Isles, but most of it has gone.

Breeding bird species in Caledonian pine forests which breed nowhere else in the British Isles:

* Black-throated diver
* Capercaillie
* Common goldeneye
* Crested tit
* Golden eagle
* Greenshank
* Horned grebe
* Parrot crossbill
* Red-throated diver
* Redwing
* Scottish crossbill
* Temminck's stint
* Wood sandpiper

Breeding bird species in Caledonian pine forests rare elsewhere in the British Isles:

* Black grouse
* Common crossbill
* Goosander
* Siskin
* Redpoll
* Osprey
* Red-breasted merganser
* Long-eared owl

Mammal species present in Caledonian pine forests:

Red deer in what little remains of a Caledonian pinewood
* European beaver
* Feral goat
* Mountain hare
* Pine marten
* Red deer
* Red fox
* Red squirrel
* Roe deer
* Wildcat
This article is about the Brazilian national capital in general. For the current capital, see Rio de Janeiro.
National Congress building in Brasília
The **capital of Brazil** is Brasília, a planned city that was built to be the capital of the country. Before that, Brazil had two other capital cities: Salvador (1549–1763) and Rio de Janeiro (1763–1960).

Salvador
--------

Salvador was established in 1549 by Thome da Sousa. It became the capital of Brazil.

The city became the seat of the Catholic primate of Brazil.

Rio de Janeiro
--------------

Rio de Janeiro, circa 1920
The Portuguese colonial administration moved south to Rio de Janeiro in 1763. Rio was the capital of the Viceroyalty of Brazil.

In 1807 the Portuguese royal family fled Lisbon when Napoleon I of France invaded Portugal. The Portuguese royal capital was temporarily moved from Europe to Rio de Janeiro.

After the Brazil became an independent nation in 1822, Rio continued to be the capital of the Empire of Brazil.

When the Republic of Brazil was established in 1889, Rio was its capital also.

Brasilia
--------

Brasília became the federal capital on April 21, 1960.
Confederate blockade runner CSS Nashville
A **blockade runner** is usually a lighter-weight ship used for slipping past a naval blockade of a port or strait. This is not the same as ships used to challenge the blocking ships to break the blockade. Very often blockade running is done in order to bring food or arms to a blockaded city. In other cases the blockade runners would carry mail in an attempt to communicate with the outside world. Carrying trade goods from blockaded ports is another function.

Operations
----------

Blockade runners are often the fastest ships available. They are usually lightly armed and armored. Their operations are quite risky since blockading fleets would not hesitate to fire on them. However, the potential profits (economically or militarily) from a successful blockade run are tremendous. Blockade-runners typically had excellent crews. Although similar to smugglers, blockade-runners are often operated by state's navies as part of the regular naval fleet. Notable users of blockade runners include the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War and Germany during both World War One and World War Two.

In history
----------

* Peloponnesian War: there were numerous blockades. Leon of Salamis sent blockade runners to get reinforcements from Athens.
* Punic Wars: the Carthaginian Empire attempted to get around Roman blockades of its ports. Blockade runners brought in supplies, but eventually the Romans won out.
* American Civil War: during the early war the Confederate States of America had many successful blockade runners. By the time Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox blockade running could not make a difference and passed into history.

Other websites
--------------

* The Blockade Runners
* Civil War Cat-and-Mouse Game
This Hubble Space Telescope photograph shows the jet of matter ejected from M87 at nearly light speed, as it stretches 1.5 kpc (5 kly) from the galactic core
A **blazar** is a very compact quasar (quasi-stellar radio source). They have a presumed supermassive black hole at the center of an active, giant elliptical galaxy. Blazars are among the most energetic phenomena in the universe and are an important topic in astronomy.

Blazars are one of a group of active galaxies that host active galactic nuclei (AGN). An AGN is a region at the centre of a galaxy which has a much higher than normal luminosity over some or all of the electromagnetic spectrum. 

The name "blazar" was originally coined in 1978 by astronomer Edward Spiegel. Blazars are AGN with a relativistic jet which is pointing in the general direction of the Earth. We observe "down" the jet, or nearly so. Many blazars have apparent superluminal features within the first few parsecs of their jets, probably due to relativistic shock fronts.

The blazar at the centre of galaxy M87 is fuelled by a black hole with a mass of about three billion solar masses within ten light years of the galaxy centre.
**Brooms** are a group of evergreen, semi-evergreen, and deciduous shrubs.

All the brooms and their relatives (including *Laburnum* and *Ulex*) grow in Europe, north Africa and southwest Asia. The greatest diversity one can find in the Mediterranean region. Many brooms (though not all) are fire-climax species, adapted to regular stand-replacing fires which kill the above-ground parts of the plants, but create conditions for regrowth from the roots and also for germination of stored seeds in the soil.

The most familiar is **common broom**, that grows in northwestern Europe. One can find it in sunny sites, usually on dry, sandy soils. Like most brooms, it has apparently leafless stems that in spring and summer are covered with golden-yellow flowers. In late summer, its pea-pod like seed capsules burst open, often with an audible pop, spreading seed from the parent plant. It makes a shrub about 1–3m tall, rarely to 4m. It is also the hardiest broom, tolerating temperatures down to about -25 °C.

The brooms belong to the subfamily Faboideae of the legume family Fabaceae, mainly in the three genera ***Chamaecytisus***, ***Cytisus*** and ***Genista***, but also in five other small genera (see box, right). All genera in this group are from the tribe Genisteae (syn. Cytiseae). These genera are all closely related and share similar characteristics of dense, slender green stems and very small leaves, adaptations to dry growing conditions. Most of the species have yellow flowers, but a few have white, orange, red, pink or purple flowers.

Folklore
--------

A traditional rhyme from Sussex says: "Sweep the house with blossed broom in May/sweep the head of the household away." Despite this, it was also common to include a decorated bundle of broom at weddings. Ashes of broom were used to treat dropsy, while its strong smell was said to be able to tame wild horses and dogs.

Gallery
-------

* Common broom (Cytisus scoparius).Common broom (*Cytisus scoparius*).
* Genista hirsuta in flower.*Genista hirsuta* in flower.
* Dyer's broom (Genista tinctoria).Dyer's broom (*Genista tinctoria*).
* French broom (Genista monspessulana) in flower.French broom (*Genista monspessulana*) in flower.
* Common broom (Cytisus scoparius).Common broom (*Cytisus scoparius*).
Bury Black Puddings
**Black pudding** is an English name for zwarte pudding. It is food made by cooking down the blood of any mammal (usually pigs or cattle) with meat, fat or filler until it is thick enough to congeal (become firm or solid) when cooled.

Types of black pudding
----------------------

German *Blutwurst*
In Great Britain, blood sausage is called "black pudding". The ingredients include pig's blood, suet, bread, barley and oatmeal. Bury is well known for them.  The most common kind of German *Blutwurst* is made from fatty pork meat, beef blood and filler such as barley. Though already cooked and "ready to eat" it is usually served warm.

Other kinds of blood sausage include *boudin noir* (France), *boudin rouge* (Creole and Cajun) and *morcilla* (Spain).

History
-------

A legend says that blood sausage was invented in a bet between two Bavarian butchers drunk on the alcoholic drink absinthe during the 14th century. Homer's *Odyssey* from Ancient Greece says that "As when a man besides a great fire has filled a sausage with fat and blood and turns it this way and that and is very eager to get it quickly roasted...".

Related pages
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* Sausage
Painting thought to be of Carter Braxton
Braxton's signature
**Carter Braxton** (September 10, 1736 – October 10, 1797), was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence and a representative of Virginia.

Life
----

He was born on Newington Plantation in King and Queen County, Virginia and educated at the William and Mary. He married a wealthy heiress named Judith Robinson at the age nineteen, but she died two years later, leaving him two daughters. 

He journeyed to England for two years and returned to the colonies in 1760, marrying again, this time to Elizabeth Corbin, and represented King William County in the Virginia House of Burgesses. He joined the patriot's Committee of Safety in Virginia in 1774 and represented his county in the Virginia Convention. 

When Peyton Randolph died in 1775, Braxton was appointed to take his place in the Continental Congress. He served in the Congress from February 1776 until August, when Virginia reduced its delegation to five members. Afterwards he returned to the House of Burgesses, and later served on the State's Executive Council. 

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Bhavani River is a major river in Kongu Nadu region of Tamil Nadu, India. It is the second longest river in Tamil Nadu. This river is a major tributary of the Kaveri River. Bhavani river originates(starts) from Nilgiri hills of the Western Ghats. Bhavani enters the Silent Valley National Park in Kerala. It flows back towards Tamil Nadu. The Bhavani is a 217-kilometre (135 mi) long perennial(everlasting) river. The river drains an area of 0.62 million hectares (2,400 sq mi) spread over Tamil Nadu (87%), Kerala (9%) and Karnataka (4%). About 90 per cent of the river's water is used for agriculture irrigation.

Bhavanisagar dam is located on the Bhavani river in Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India. The dam is one of the largest earthen dams in the world. The dam is 8 km (5.0 mi) long and 40 m (130 ft) high. The full reservoir level is 120 ft (37 m). The dam has a capacity of 32.8×10~~^~~9 cu ft (930×10~~^~~6 m3). Kodiveri dam is also located on the Bhavani River near Gobichettipalayam in Western Tamil Nadu.
**Black Mountain College** was a school near Asheville, North Carolina. It existed from 1933 to 1957.

The college was started by John Andrew Rice in 1933. He wanted to have a school that ran on philosopher John Dewey's ideas about education. One of the big ideas was that the study and practice of art was most important to a person's education. Another idea was that students should be free to learn in their own way and in their own time.

From the beginning, the school attracted faculty who were original thinkers and talented makers. These included John Andrew Rice (classical literature), Theodore Dreier (physics), Frederick Georgia (chemistry), and Josef and Anni Albers (art). Poet Charles Olson was an important teacher in the 1950s.

Visiting faculty during the summer terms included dancer Merce Cunningham; composer John Cage; painters Jacob Lawrence, Robert Motherwell, Franz Kline, and Ben Shahn; photographers Harry Callahan and Aaron Siskind; critics Clement Greenberg, Paul Goodman and Alfred Kazin; architects Walter Gropius and Buckminster Fuller; poets Robert Creeley, Robert Duncan and Hilda Morley; and potters Marguerite Wildenhain and Shoji Hamada.

Many students became very well-known in the 1950s and later. They included sculptor Ruth Asawa; artists Ray Johnson, Kenneth Noland, Robert Rauschenberg, Cy Twombly, and Robert De Niro Sr.; and filmmaker Arthur Penn, poet John Wieners, and writer Francine du Plessix Gray.

The college closed after 24 years in 1957 because of money problems.

Other websites
--------------

* Black Mountain College Musuem and Art Center
* Black Mountain College at The Art Story
* Black Mountain College: A School Like No Other

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The **Cabinet of Azerbaijan** is the advisory body of the government of Azerbaijan. It is chaired by the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan who is the head of government and head of the Cabinet.

The Cabinet, its composition and its duties are regulated by the Constitution of Azerbaijan.

The Cabinet of Ministers is composed of the Prime Minister, ministers, their deputies and heads of government departments. The Prime Minister and the ministers have to be members of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan. The deputies and heads of government departments do not have to be members of the National Assembly.

The Prime Minister and the Cabinet have limited power, and they act as an advisor to the President of Azerbaijan, who is the head of state and head of the executive branch, and has the most power. They and the country's legislature, the National Assembly of Azerbaijan, are subordinate to the President.

The President of Azerbaijan appoints the Prime Minister, the ministers, the heads of the government departments, and all other cabinet-level government administrators. Before they are appointed to their jobs, they are first nominated by the President and confirmed by the National Assembly. If the nomination of a person for the job of Prime Minister is rejected three times by the National Assembly, then the President may appoint a Prime Minister without the consent of the National Assembly.

Although, the Prime Minister normally chairs the meetings of the Cabinet, the President can also chair the meetings of the Cabinet according to the Constitution. The President also has the power to cancel the orders and resolutions of the Cabinet. The Cabinet resigns when a newly elected President takes office and a new Cabinet is formed by the new President.

Related pages
-------------

* President of Azerbaijan
* Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
* Constitution of Azerbaijan
Thebes had been under Macedonian occupation since the battle of Chaeronea, which had resulted in the defeat and deposition of Thebes as the pre-eminent city-state of Southern Greece. The Thebans had reluctantly accepted this, as well as their compulsory membership in the League of Corinth, which had been previously imposed by Phillip II of Macedon, Alexander's father.

The expedition against Persia had been long in the works, and Alexander did not make it a secret that he planned to avenge the attacks on Greece by Persia a century and a half before, despite that at the time his kingdom had been a Persian vassal state. It was as a result of this planned expedition that King Darius III started to distribute money to the Greek city-states with the hope that they would rise against their new Hegemon. In addition to this, he had sent his most able general Memnon of Rhodes against the Macedonian troops that were already stationed in Ionia at this time.

In addition to this, news of Alexander had not reached the southern Greek city states for some time. He had been busy with the siege of Pelium and a rumour had reached them that he had died during the course of this siege. Demosthenes - a prominent Athenian politician - produced a man who claimed to have been present at the siege and claimed that Alexander was dead. Alexander had, indeed, been injured during this siege, so it was not a totally implausible claim to make.

Upon learning of the alleged death of Alexander, Theban exiles in Athens raced off to their native city in Boeotia and sought to incite a revolt from Macedonian rule there. The Cadmaea, the citadel that was situated upon a hill in Thebes, was occupied by a Macedonian garrison, and it was this place that the Thebans sought to attack. To this effect, they killed two Macedonian officers who had been roaming the city, and declared their independence from Macedonia.
The **Battle of Reading** was fought in 871 at Reading. It was one of a series of battles between invading vikings and the Anglo-Saxons of Wessex. The viking (also called Danish) army was led by Bagsecg and Halfdan Ragnarsson. This was a large combined army. The viking army was attempting to conquer Wessex. The Wessex army was led by king Athelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred. Both the battle and the campaign it was a part of are described in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. This account provides the earliest known written record of the existence of the town of Reading. The Vikings had established a camp at Reading. The camp had several natural defenses. It was protected by the Thames and Kennet rivers on two sides, and by a rampart on the western side. Three days after their arrival, a party of Danes rode out towards nearby Englefield. There they met a West Saxon force under the command of Ealdorman Athelwulf. In the Battle of Englefield many of the Danes were killed, and the rest driven back to Reading. Four days later, Athelwulf was joined by the main West Saxon army, led by King Athelred and his brother, Alfred. The entire Saxon force marched on Reading. In the battle that followed the Vikings defeated the Wessex army and it was driven back. Aethelwulf, the ealdorman, was killed in the fighting.

Related pages
-------------

* Great Heathen Army
The 
Chapter house at Lincoln Cathedral. Note the flying buttresses surrounding the building.
The chapter house of Canterbury Cathedral
A **Chapter house** or **chapterhouse** is a special building or room attached to a cathedral or large church. It is where the cathedral **chapter** meetings are held. Chapter houses were also built in mediaeval monasteries.

Cathedrals
----------

In a cathedral, the chapter is always chaired by the Dean, whose job it is to run (manage) the cathedral. Members of the chapter will include Canons, who may include top lay officials as well as priests. It is a management group for the cathedral.

The side of the cloister with the chapter house was usually the first to be constructed; it would have been started shortly after the church’s frame was put up.

Monasteries
-----------

When part of a monastery, the chapter house is usually on the eastern wing of the cloister. It is a large space, to hold all the monks of the monastery. It is built in the same style as the churches of that day. In some Romanesque or Gothic monasteries, the entrance to the chapter house is a miniature version of the entrance to a cathedral.

The community of monks would meet in the chapter house with the Abbot to 'hold chapter'. This meant to read aloud from the rule book and Bible, and to discuss matters concerning the monastery and its monks. The meetings generally took place in the morning, after mass; the monks would sit along the length of the walls in strict age-order. At the end of the meeting the monks would publicly confess their sins or denounce others' (anonymously).
**Bitstamp** is a cryptocurrency exchange based company in Luxembourg. It enable USD, EUR, GBP, bitcoin, XRP, Ether, litecoin, bitcoin cash, XLM, Link, OMG Network, USD Coin or PAX deposits and withdrawals.

History
-------

Nejc Kodrič is the CEO of the company. He is widely known member of the bitcoin community. Bitstamp outsourced certain operations to the UK due to the insufficient financial and legal services in Slovenia.

Started by Nejc Kodrič and Damijan Merlak in August 2011, the company's first base was in a Slovenian garage with just a server, a couple of laptops and a thousand euros in capital.

In June 2014, Bitstamp was awarded the Best Virtual Currency Startup at the Europas

Bitstamp was one of the first exchanges to implement multi-signature technology for its hot wallet. It was also an early adopter of Bitcoin's SegWit soft fork for lower fees in 2017, and it instituted one of the first insurance funds, secured in cold storage, to reimburse its customers in the event of a hack.

In July 2017, Bitstamp partnered with Swissquote, a well-respected analytical and finance firm to provide their customers BTC-USD and BTC-EUR trading pairs.
**Boards of Canada** (commonly abbreviated **BoC**) are a Scottish electronic music duo of two brothers Mike Sandison (born June 1, 1970) and Marcus Eoin (born July 21, 1971). They are signed with Warp Records and have released several works on that label with little advertising and few interviews, while also having a secret, privately released back-catalogue of albums on their self-run Music70 label. They have also recorded four tracks under the alias **Hell Interface**.

Musical style
-------------

Boards of Canada's music is part like the warm, analog sounds of 1970s media and contains themes of childhood, nostalgia and the natural world. Mike and Marcus have mentioned the documentary movies of the National movie Board of Canada, from which the group's name is derived, as a source of inspiration.

History
-------

### Early years (1986–1995)

Growing up in a musical family, brothers Mike and Marcus Eoin began playing instruments at a young age. They experimented with recording uses at around the age of 10, using tape machines to layer cut-up samples of found sounds over compositions of their own. In their teens they went in a number of amateur bands; however, it was not until 1986 when Marcus was invited to Mike's band that Boards of Canada was born. By 1989, the band had gone down just to Sandison and Eoin. In the early 1990s, a number of collaborations took place and the band put on small shows among the "*Hexagon Sun*" collective.

In early 2000, the website for the band, Music70.com, removed the early discography of Boards of Canada, although some information has been preserved by fans. Early tape releases by Boards of Canada include *Play By Numbers*, *Acid Memories*, *Hooper Bay*, and the earliest known release by the band is titled *Catalog 3*. None of the material from those days is readily available, and since official Boards of Canada sources deny the existence of these albums, there seems to be little chance for this early material ever to be seen publicly.
**Broomhill** which includes the areas of Sheffield of Broomhill, Crookesmoor, Endcliffe, and Tapton, is one of the 28 wards in City of Sheffield, in the country of England. It is in the western part of the city and covers an area of 2.7 km2. The population of this ward in 2001 was 16,800 people in 5,700 houses.

Districts of Broomhill ward
---------------------------

### Broomhill

Broomhill is a suburb of western Sheffield, England. Mostly created in the nineteenth century. The area is just west of the main building of the University of Sheffield, it is known for its large student population, and was identified in 2003 as the richest area apart from London for overall wealth.

### Crookesmoor

Crookesmoor is north of the University of Sheffield's main building housing its law department and sports centre, east of Crookes and south of Walkley. A residential area, it has a large but decreasing student population and is home to Crookes Valley Park.

### Endcliffe

Endcliffe is southwest of Broomhill and is a rich residential area, housing Birkdale School (aprivate school) and three student buildings, which are part of the University of Sheffield.

### Tapton

Tapton is west of Crookes. It is home to Tapton School.
**Catherine Anne Kelley** (born September 27, 1988) is an American journalist, television host, model and actress. As of October 2022, she worked for the WWE as a backstage interviewer on the RAW brand. She also worked for the WWE from 2016 to 2020. Before working for the WWE, she was a panelist on Maria Menounos' AfterBuzz TV. On October 6, 2022, WWE stated that Kelley was working for the RAW brand after not working for the company for 2 years.

Early life and education
------------------------

Catherine Anne Kelley was born on September 27, 1988 in Oak Park, Illinois. She is of Austrian and Irish descent. She spent much of her time on her father's farm in Vermont. Her grandfather, Bartram Kelley was an aviation pioneer. He was as the senior engineer of Bell Helicopters.

Kelley became interested in journalism in high school. She started hosting several of her school's news broadcasts. She graduated from Loyola University Chicago with a degree in multimedia journalism. She is a member of Mensa International, the world's largest and oldest high IQ society/ Kelley is a certified Mensa journalist.

Career
------

### 2008–2012: Early work

Kelley has hosted and contributed to WTTW's *GenYTV*, WOI-DT's *The Open House Television Show*, *DSM Living*, and JUCE TV's *Hot Off The Press*.

### 2012–2016: AfterBuzz TV

Kelley joined AfterBuzz TV in 2012. She was a panelist on the networks' recap programs of WWE's *Monday Night Raw,* *NXT*, and ABC's *The Bachelor* In 2013, she began hosting a podcast called "Chatting with Cathy." 

### 2016–2020: World Wrestling Entertainment

Kelley was signed to WWE in February 2016. She worked for NXT and on special events. She began working on air on April 1, 2016 during the pre-show of NXT Takeover: Dallas. During her time with the company, she hosted *WWE Now.* It is a program that airs on WWE's social media platforms and their official website. The program covers stories, breaking news, previews of upcoming episodes of Raw and SmackDown, and event recaps.

On September 25, 2019, Kelley made her first television appearance during an episode of *NXT*. She also made one appearance on *SmackDown* as correspondent on November 1, 2019.

On February 13, 2020, Kelley announced on social media that she was leaving WWE. Her last day with the company was at NXT TakeOver: Portland on February 16.

### 2020–2022: Acting, post-WWE projects

Kelley's first acting role was in 2020 on the Netflix sitcom *#blackAF* as a flight attendant.

### 2022-Present: Return to WWE

On October 6, 2022, WWE announced that Kelley will be returning to the company as a backstage interviewer on the Raw brand.

Filmography
-----------

### Television

| Year | Title | Role |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | *#blackAF* | Flight attendant |

Other Websites
--------------

* Official website
* Cathy Kelley's profile on WWE.com
* Cathy Kelley on IMDb
Big Max "pumpkin" at a county fair in New York
**Big Max** is a type of squash that can grow to be more than 100 pounds. They can also be 20 in (510 mm) in diameter if they are grown properly. They are commonly called pumpkins, but this is not entirely correct; Big Max are instead "squash-type pumpkins". They have a bright orange color, with fine-grained, yellow-orange flesh. The skin has deep lines in it and is slightly roughened, and can be up to 3 to 4 in (76 to 102 mm) thick. This makes Big Max squash good for keeping. The flesh is good for being canned and frozen.

However, because they are so big, cooking with these squash is hard. They are said to not be as flavorful as smaller pumpkin varieties. The variety was hybridized, or created, for its large size. They have been grown as big as 300 pounds. Individual fruits are round to slightly flattened.

Growing
-------

These squash are best planted between two and four weeks after the average last frost, and they become ripe 110 to 120 days after being planted. The plants need lots of room to grow well, and to get them very big, only one fruit should be grown on one vine. They are harvested before the first light frost, when the plant's leaves die. Although recommendations are different, seeds are often planted at 1 to 3 cm (0.39 to 1.18 in) deep, spaced 3 to 8 cm (1.2 to 3.1 in) apart.
"**Chef's Chocolate Salty Balls**" is the ninth episode of the second season of the American animated television series *South Park*. The 20th episode of the series overall, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on August 19, 1998. Series co-creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone wrote the episode with Nancy M. Pimental. Parker directed it.

In this episode, a film festival comes to South Park. The title is a song that Chef writes to sell chocolate candy to film festival visitors.

Plot
----

A film festival organizer complains that Park City, Utah used to be a nice mountain town, but the yearly film festival has ruined it. He decides to take his film festival to South Park instead. He plans to ruin South Park too and then move on to the next mountain town.

Many film watchers come to South Park for the festival. The magical piece of feces, Mr. Hanky the Christmas Poo tells Kyle that the newcomers are killing him. This is because their waste comes from healthy food and not the unhealthy food that South Park residents eat. Kyle tries to warn people about this, but no one believes him. Mr. Hanky almost dies, but he is saved by eating Chef's chocolate candy.

Mr. Hanky gives a speech about the true meaning of film festivals: People watching unusual movies together. The evil organizer almost drowns in sewage.

Critical reception
------------------

Phil Dyess-Nugent of *The AV Club* says that this episode made fun of what the Sundance Film Festival was like in the late 1990s. He says the film festival organizer is meant to be Robert Redford.

Other websites
--------------

* IMDB
Flowering *Calluna vulgaris*
***Calluna vulgaris*** (**heather**) is the sole species in the genus ***Calluna*** in the family Ericaceae.

It is a low-growing perennial shrub growing to 20 to 50 centimetres (7.9 to 19.7 in) tall, or rarely to 1 metre (39 in). It is found widely in Europe and Asia Minor on acidic soils in open sunny situations and in moderate shade.

Heather is the dominant plant on most heaths and moorland in Europe, and in some bog vegetation and acidic pine and oak woodland. It is tolerant of grazing and regenerates following occasional burning. It is often managed in nature reserves and grouse moors by sheep or cattle grazing, and also by light burning.

The flowers emerge in late summer; in wild plants these are normally mauve, but white-flowered plants also occur occasionally.

Uses
----

Heather is an important food source for various sheep and deer which can graze the tips of the plants when snow covers low growing vegetation. Willow Grouse and Red Grouse feed on the young shoots and seeds of this plant. Both adults and larvae of the Heather Beetle *Lochmaea suturalis* feed on it, and can cause damage. The larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species also feed on the plant.

Heather honey is a highly valued product in moorland and heathland areas, with many beehives being moved there in late summer. It has a strong taste, and an unusual texture. It is thixotropic, being a jelly until stirred, when it becomes a syrup (like other honey), but then sets again to a jelly. This makes the extraction of the honey from the comb difficult, and it is therefore often sold as comb honey.

Cultural references
-------------------

Heather is seen as iconic of Scotland, where the plant grows widely. When poems like *Bonnie Auld Scotland* speak of "fragrant hills of purple heather', when the hero of *Kidnapped* flees through the heather, when heather and Scotland are linked in the same sentence, the heather talked about is *Calluna vulgaris*.
*Boardwalk Empire* logo
***Boardwalk Empire*** is an American television show. It was created by Terrence Winter, who also created *The Sopranos*. This television show is based on the novel *Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times and the Corruption in Atlantic City* from Nelson Johnson. The show started on HBO on September 19, 2010. It has been running for three seasons, with a total of 36 episodes. A fourth season will start showing in the second half of 2013. On September 26, 2013, HBO announced that they were renewing the show for a fifth and final season starting in 2014. The producer is Mark Walhberg, who also produced the show *Entourage*. The show is about one of the first boardwalks in Atlantic City and the rise to power of legendary notorious gangsters like Al Capone, Lucky Luciano and Nucky Johnson (called Nucky Thompson here).

The first episode was produced for US$18 million. *Boardwalk Empire* has been nominated for 30 Emmy Awards and has won 12 of them. It has also won the Golden Globe Award for best drama TV series. The series was in the top 30 to have ever played on national television. Some of the events of this show have a historical meaning like the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre. Most of the characters are based on real persons.

Story
-----

The story takes place in Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the Prohibition Era in the 1920s. It is about the life of main character Nucky Thompson. Thompson was a political figure and controlled a big part of Atlantic City during the 1920s and 1930s. Nucky has one younger brother named Eli who is also the sheriff of the place. During the first episode, alcohol is declared illegal so Nucky goes to bootlegging. He sees profit and a big opportunity there. He deals with corrupt politicians and mobsters from Chicago like Johnny Torrio (Al Capone mentor) and Arnold Rothstein most known for being a big gambler and New York kingpin. He also took an apprentice, Jimmy Darmody a young hero of the First World War, because he sees the potential in him. Nucky will have to deal with Nelson Kasper Van Alden a prohibition agent who watches his every move.

Sources
-------

* Profile Archived 2013-05-04 at the Wayback Machine on HBO
* Official website
* Historia TV Archived 2012-10-17 at the Wayback Machine