recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
***Communication Arts*** (acronym: **CA**) is the largest international magazine for visual communication.[*source?*] It is based in Palo Alto, California. The magazine was founded in 1959 by Richard Coyne and Robert Blanchard. It covers many topics. These include graphic design, advertising, photography, illustration, typography and interactive media. Patrick Coyne, the son of Richard Coyne, is the editor and publisher of the magazine. As of September 2023, *Communication Arts* publishes six issues each year. It also organizes six competitions in graphic design, advertising, photography, illustration, typography, and interactive media. The magazine also manages two websites, commarts.com and creativehotlist.com.

History
-------

The magazine began in 1959. Its first issue, the *Journal of Commercial Art*, was released in August 1959. It was the first magazine in the United States to be printed using offset lithography.

After Blanchard left to do other business, Coyne, along with his wife Jean and a small team, continued to write, design and publish the magazine. Eventually, the magazine was selling 38,000 of each issue.[*source?*]

As of 2021, It was selling 21,000 copies of each issue, This was down from 59,429 in 2009.

In November 1990, a non-profit organization called the ***Richard and Jean Coyne Family Foundation*** was created. This organization has funded programs to support young people from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. It help pay for their education in art schools. Additionally, it gives scholarships for university studies in graphic design, advertising, photography, and illustration.

Competitions
------------

The magazine started a yearly contest in 1960. This competition grew and expanded into four separate contests that are held each year. There is one contest for graphic design, one for advertising, one for photography, and one for illustration. In 1995, CA added a fifth contest for interactive media. Each of these contests is judged by creative experts. The jurors of each contest give awards based on creativity.[*source?*]

Websites
--------

In 1995, *Communication Arts* became the first notable design magazine to have a website.[*dead link*] Besides showing creativity in visual communication, it also had job listings. In 2001, the section on job listings became its own website called Creative Hotlist. These two websites together get about three million views on their pages and 250,000 different visitors every month.

Other websites
--------------

* Communication Arts
* Communication Arts on Facebook
* Communication Arts on Twitter
* Communication Arts on Instagram
* The Richard and Jean Coyne Family Foundation
Official "All Blacks" uniforms
The **New Zealand national men's rugby union team**, officially nicknamed the **All Blacks**, represents New Zealand in men's rugby union. This is regarded as the country's national sport.

The All Blacks are the holders of the Rugby World Cup, since 2011. They are the 2014 World Rugby Team of the Year. They have won over 76% of their test matches and are the leading test match points scorers of all time. Their win ratio puts them amongst the most successful teams of any sport in history. They are the only international side with a winning record against every country they have played. Since their international debut in 1903 only five nations have defeated New Zealand in test matches.

Since the introduction of the World Rugby Rankings in October 2003, New Zealand has held the number one ranking longer than all other teams combined.

The All Blacks are also the first team to set their hands on the Webb Ellis Cup. They are the first team to successfully defend the Rugby World Cup. They were the first team to win back to back Rugby World Cups and the first team to win the cup on 3 separate occasions.

Rivals
------

New Zealand competes with Argentina, Australia and South Africa in The Rugby Championship. The All Blacks have won the trophy thirteen times in the competition's nineteen-year history. They also hold the Bledisloe Cup, which is contested annually with Australia. They hold the Freedom Cup, contested annually with South Africa. New Zealand has achieved a Grand Slam (defeating England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales in one tour) four times – 1978, 2005, 2008 and 2010.

Awards
------

They have also been named the "World Rugby Team of the Year" seven times since 2005. Four members have won the "World Rugby Player of the Year" award – current captain Richie McCaw, Dan Carter, Kieran Read, and Brodie Retallick. Fifteen former All Blacks have been inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame. Four of these are also inductees of the World Rugby Hall of Fame.

History
-------

The team's first match was in 1884. Their first international match was in 1903 against Australia in Sydney. The following year they hosted their first ever home Test, a match against a British Isles side in Wellington. This was followed by a tour of Europe and North America in 1905 where the team suffered their first test defeat – to Wales in Cardiff.
***The Picture of Dorian Gray*** is the only published book written by Oscar Wilde. It was first published in Lippincott's Monthly Magazine on June 20, 1890. Later, Wilde was asked to edit this version, and it was published again in April 1891. The story is often incorrectly called *The Portrait of Dorian Gray*.

Plot
----

*The Picture of Dorian Gray* tells about a young man named Dorian Gray who has a portrait painted of himself. The artist, Basil Hallward, thinks Dorian Gray is very beautiful, and becomes obsessed with Dorian. One day in Basil's garden, Dorian Gray meets a man named Lord Henry Wotton. Lord Henry Wotton makes Dorian Gray believe that the only thing important in life is beauty. However, Dorian realizes that he will become less beautiful as he grows older. He wishes the portrait Basil painted would become old in his place. Dorian then sells his soul so he can be beautiful forever, but not on purpose.

Dorian's wish comes true. However, every time Dorian does something evil, mean, or selfish, his picture ages. For 18 years, Dorian does not age. He does many bad things, while his portrait becomes more aged with each bad deed. Later on, Dorian decides to stop doing bad things in the hopes that this will make his portrait become beautiful again, but it only makes it worse. Dorian thinks that only a full confession will make the portrait beautiful again. However, he does not feel guilty for anything he has done. So Dorian picks up a knife and destroys the portrait.

When his servants hear a scream from the room Dorian is in, they call the police. The police find Dorian's body on the floor with a stab wound in his heart. His body has become very aged. However, the portrait has returned to the way it was when it was first painted.
Francisco de Sá de Meneses'staue at monument of Luís de Camões in LisbonFrancisco de Sá de Meneses'staue at monument of Luís de Camões in Lisbon
**The Conquest of Malacca** (*Malaca conquistada*) is an epic poem by Portuguese poet Francisco de Sá de Meneses.

General information
-------------------

*The Conquest of Malacca* is an epic poem. It was published in 1634. It is one of the more noted Portuguese poem of the 17th century.

Author
------

Francisco de Sá de Meneses was a poet of Baroque. He was born about 1600 and died in 1664.

Form
----

The poem is written in ottava rima (oitava-rima in Portuguese). In other words it is composed of stanzas of eight lines, rhymed abababcc. The same strophe was used earlier by Luís de Camões in *The Lusiads*.

*Canto as armas e o grande Lusitano*
*Que, desde a ocidental extrema parte,*
*Aonde o Sol se levanta do oceano*
*Levou das Quinas santas o estandarte*
*E (castigado o pérfido tirano)*
*A cidade ganhou, por força e arte,*
*Do áureo reino, e trocou com pio exemplo*
*A profana mesquita em sacro templo.*

Story
-----

The poem by Francisco de Sá de Meneses tells about the batles of Malacca. The battle was fought in 1511. Portuguese forces, led by Afonso de Albuquerque, the governor of India, seized the city of Malacca. The city was a strong fortress. It controlled the strait of Malacca, which was the way to China.

Translation
-----------

The poem was translated into English by Edgar C. Knowlton, Jr. The book was published by University of Malaya Press in Kuala Lumpur in 1970.

Bibliography
------------

* Francisco de Sá de Meneses; Bernardo Ferreira (1779). *Malaca conquistada pelo grande Alfonso de Albuquerque*.

Other websites
--------------

* Francisco de Sá de Meneses, Malaca conquistada at Bibliotecva Nacional de Portugal.
**Todd Orlando** (born July 26, 1986) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman. He is currently playing with the Elmira Jackals of the East Coast Hockey League. Orlando was born in Clinton Township, Michigan. His playing height is 6 ft 8 inches, his weight is 237 lbs, and he shoots left.

Minor career
------------

Todd Orlando grew up playing in and around the Detroit area. Orlando started his Junior "A" career in Detroit in the Central States Hockey League with the Michigan Metro Jets. Todd then moved on the play two seasons in Sarnia for the Sarnia (Ontario) Blast of the Western Ontario Hockey League. Todd's time with the Sarnia Blast set the tone for Todd's physical style of play.

College hockey
--------------

Orlando played one season of collegiate hockey 2007-2008 for Oakland University (Rochester, Michigan). Todd was a standout defenseman for the Golden Grizzlies.

Professional hockey
-------------------

In July 2010, Todd Orlando was invited to participate in the NHL New York Rangers prospects camp at Madison Square Gardens in New York City. That year Todd also had a tryout with the Allen Americans of the Central Hockey League and later signed a contract with the Cincinnati Cylones of the East Coast League. The 2011-2012 season saw Orlando playing in Finland, first for Kokkola, and then for Hermes. 

Todd signed a contract in August 2012 to play for the Alaska Aces of the East Coast Hockey League. Later in 2012-2013, Orlando played a combined 27 pro games, first for the Denver Cutthroats of the Central Hockey League, and finishing the 2012-2013 season playing for the Wheeling Nailers of the East Coast Hockey League.

In August 2013, Todd Orlando accepted an invitation to attend the main NHL training camp of the Philadelphia Flyers 2013-14 team with the training camp beginning on September 11, 2013. An injury suffered at the Flyers training camp forced Todd to leave camp early. Orlando did not play during the 2013-14 season. 

On October 15, 2014, Todd Orlando signed a pro contract to play for the Elmira Jackals of the East Coast Hockey League for the 2014-2015 season.
Procession to the Sacrifice to Heaven
The Hue Festival is an important cultural event that takes place every two years in the city of Hue, Vietnam. It aims to celebrate and preserve traditional values in the former imperial capital. The festival offers a range of activities, notably a continuation of the Sacrifice to Heaven, which occurs at the traditional site of Esplanade of Sacrifice to the Heaven and Earth.

History
-------

The first Hue Festival named **Vietnam-France Festival** was held in 1992. Until 2000, the name was changed to Hue Festival.

Gallery
-------

* Chiếc thuyền tại Festival HuếThe boat at Hue Festival
* Đội nhạc cung đình HuếHue royal music troupe
* Tái tạo hình ảnh vua Nguyễn Huệ lên ngôi tại Núi BânReenactment of King Nguyen Hue ascending the throne at Mount Ban
* Thi Tiến sĩ võMartial arts exam
* Quan giám khảo - Hội thi "Tiến sĩ võ"Martial arts exam
* Quan giám khảo - Hội thi "Tiến sĩ võ"Martial arts exam
* Tân Tiến sĩ võMartial arts exam
* Đoàn giám khảo hội thi "tiến sĩ võ" trở về Đại nội, đang đi qua Phu Văn LâuMartial arts exam
* "Hành trình nối dài chuyện cổ tích 2008""The journey to extend the fairy tale 2008"
* Nghệ nhân Câu lạc bộ Diều Huế hướng dẫn du khách làm diều tại Công viên 3-2Hue Kite Club
* Vẽ diềuKite drawing

Related pages
-------------

* Sacrifice to Heaven
**Võ Thị Viên** (or **Viện**) (? – ?), was a royal concubine of Emperor Thiệu Trị of the Nguyễn Dynasty in Vietnamese History.

Biography
---------

Võ Thị Viên was born in Huế, was the daughter of Deputy's Bodyguard Võ Hữu Linh. Not known about her birth's year as well as her death's year. She served as a concubine for Thiệu Trị when he hadn't yet been crowned. Although her inferior position, She still received the special love from the Emperor Thiệu Trị much more than the other primary wifes of him. It can be seen that his fondness for this concubine was not because of his family background.

In 1841, Thiệu Trị crowned, lady Viên was granted the title *Cung tần* (*Imperial maid*). In 1843, she again was granted **Tam giai Lương tần** (*Third-rank of Royal Concubine Lương tần*), and in 1846, she was elevated to **Nhất giai Lương phi** (*First-rank of Royal Concubine Lương phi*).

Lương phi Võ Thị Viên, along with Đoan tần Trương Thị Thận (another concubine of Thiệu Trị), were two women that born most children for Thiệu Trị. She gave birth to 6 children:

1. *Prince of Gia Hưng*, Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Hưu (October 2, 1835 – May 9, 1885).
2. *Prince of An Phước*, Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Kiện (May 6, 1837 – July 15, 1895).
3. Prince Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Bàng (June 30, 1838 – July 21, 1853), died young.
4. *Princess of Đồng Phú*, Nguyễn Phúc Ý Phương (1840 – 1915).
5. Prince Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Thụ (October 22, 1842 – August 26, 1843)
6. Princess Nguyễn Phúc Minh Tư (1845), died prematurely.

It's unclear where Lương phi Võ Thị Viên was buried.
The **Royal National Park** is a national park in New South Wales of Australia. It is located 29 kilometres south of Sydney and is part of the Sydney metropolitan area.

History
-------

 Wattamolla Beach
The national park was founded in 1879 by Sir John Robertson, then premier of New South Wales, making it the second oldest national park in the world after Yellowstone National Park in the United States. Sir John Robertson cared for and supported him all the rest of his life. After coal was discovered on the terrain, it was founded out of economic interests to keep competition away from the gates of Sydney. Its original name was *The National Park*. In 1955 it was renamed after a visit from Queen Elizabeth II. The park is repeatedly ravaged by bushfires, which contribute to the constant change and regeneration of the vegetation. Plants like the native Waratah are adapted to the environmental factor fire and need the fires to bloom in subsequent years.

Location
--------

Hiking trail in the Royal National Park
The park is partly in the Sydney and Wollongong administrative districts and forms a jewel with unspoiled nature between these two major cities. It is bounded to the north by the Port Hacking fjord, to the west by the motorway between the cities and to the south to Otford. The Heathcote National Park connects across the freeway and continues the green belt around Sydney.

The Royal National Park offers very different landscapes and vegetation. It lies on sandstone hills that break off a few hundred meters down to the coast. They are mostly covered by eucalyptus forests with a wealth of species. Centrally, deeply cut, the Hacking River runs through the park, which flows into the seawater of Port Hacking at Audley. This rugged bay offers protection from the open sea. The water at Bundeena is very shallow and is home to an extensive mangrove forest. There are a few beaches and lagoons on the open coast to the Tasman Sea. Most of them can only be reached on foot via the coastal footpath. Wattamolla can be approached and offers ample picnic and barbecue facilities. In the southeast the forest merges into the subtropical rainforest of the Illawarra Escarpment, in which there are also palm trees.

Access
------

Access by car is via three routes, north from Sutherland, west from Waterfall and south from Otford via Stanwell Park. A daily or annual fee is required, which can be purchased at various points of sale as well as on NSW national parks website.

Other websites
--------------

* Official website of the park
**Steak Rump**

Steak rump, a delectable cut of beef, is a culinary delight cherished by meat enthusiasts worldwide. This article delves into the unique qualities, preparation methods, and cultural significance of steak rump in the realm of beef.

**Qualities and Characteristics**

Steak rump, also known as "rump steak," is derived from the hindquarters of cattle, precisely the rump or buttock region. What distinguishes this cut is its fine balance of tenderness and rich, beefy flavor. Its texture is notably firm, with a modest marbling of fat, enhancing its succulence. The distinctive attributes of steak rump make it an appealing choice for grilling, roasting, or pan-searing.

**Preparation and Culinary Versatility**

Steak rump is celebrated for its versatility in the kitchen. The preparation often involves minimal seasoning to allow the natural flavours to shine. Whether marinated and grilled to perfection or slow-cooked in a savory stew, this cut adapts beautifully to various culinary techniques. In some culinary traditions, it's sliced thin for use in stir-fries, while in others, it's left as a hearty, standalone steak, showcasing its inherent beefy richness.

**Cultural Significance**

Across different cultures, steak rump holds its own significance. In the United States, it's a star on the barbecue, where the "rump steak" often becomes the centerpiece of outdoor cookouts. In Argentina, it's known as "lomo" and is celebrated in the world-famous dish, "asado," showcasing the art of grilling. In the United Kingdom, it's a staple of classic pub fare, often found in steak and ale pies.

**In Conclusion**

Steak rump, a cherished segment of the beef family, embodies the art of culinary craftsmanship and cultural diversity. Its rich flavours and adaptability in the kitchen have made it a global favourite, featuring prominently in numerous iconic dishes and beloved traditions.
Nihon Ōdai Ichiran, 1834.
***Nihon Odai Ichiran*** (日本王代一覧, *Nihon Ōdai Ichiran*, "Table of the rulers of Japan") is a Japanese book. It is a 17th century chronicle (history) of the reigns of the Japanese emperors before the 19th century.

A French translation of *Nihon Ōdai Ichiran* (*Annales des empereurs du Japon*) was published in 1834. It was translated by a Dutchman Isaac Titsingh ; this translation was one of very few books about Japan of the time.

First book of its kind in the West
----------------------------------

Dutch historian Isaac Titsingh brought the seven volumes of the book with him when he returned to Europe in 1797. He returned after twenty years in Asia. Titsingh's French translation was published in 1834. The Japanese originals were lost in the 19th century wars in Europe. 

This was the first major history of Japan to be published in the West. It was also the first history book by a Japanese writer to be published in Europe.

Isaac Titsingh described *Nihon odai ichiran* as a very difficult book. He thought that the translation was "a most tedious task."

In the 1950s, *Ōdai-ichiran* was evaluated by Japanologist John Whitney Hall who confirmed Titsingh's work is a careful translation from Japanese sources.

Related pages
-------------

* History of Japan
* List of emperors of Japan
* Japanese era name

Other websites
--------------

* Manuscript scans, Waseda University Library
Monument to Macià in Plaça de Catalunya, Barcelona
This name uses Spanish naming customs; the first or paternal family name is *Macià* and the second or maternal family name is *Llussà*.
**Francesc Macià i Llussà** (1859 - 1933) was the 122nd President of Catalonia. He was also a Catalan officer in the Spanish Army.

Life
----

Macià achieved the rank of lieutenant-colonel during his military career.
He condemned the assault of some Spanish officers on the journal *La Veu de Catalunya* in 1905. He was forced to abandon the army.

In 1922 he founded the independentist party Estat Català.

In 1926 he attempted a revolt against the Spanish dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera. This uprising was based in Prats de Molló (Roussillon). It was aborted by the French Gendarmerie, but it gained a lot of popularity for his cause in Catalonia.

In 1931 Macià proclaimed the *Free Catalan Republic* in Barcelona. He was forced afterwards to settle for partial autonomy within the new Spanish Republic. Macià was the President of Generalitat from 1932 until his death in 1933. He is buried at the Montjuïc Cemetery in Barcelona's Montjuïc hill.
**Plant colours** are very noticeable, especially in flowering plants, and especially the colour green. Plants are green because it is a functional colour. They photosynthesise, and the chlorophyll they use happens to be green. However, flowering plants show many other colours. Blue is quite rare, though bluebells are a famous exception. Apparently the colour is difficult to make by the usual plant biochemistry. It is also rare in animals, so if it is difficult for plants to make, presumably it is difficult for animals to make.

Colour can be made in two ways. There are pigments which show a particular colour, and there are structural colours.

Plant pigments make the plants show colours. The main pigments are:

* Chlorophyll. The plant pigment, which absorbs blue and red wavelengths, and reflects green. All land plants and green algae have two types: chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. As is well known, their function is to collect light in photosynthesis.
* Carotenoids are red, orange, or yellow.
* Betalains are red or yellow pigments.
* Anthocyanins ("flower blue") are water-soluble pigments that look red to blue, according to pH.

There are also structural colours, although they are less common. They are caused by reflecting iridescent colour from a multi-layered surface. Butterfly wings are a typical example.

Some particular types of animals and plants have evolved colour systems which are unique.

In the course of evolution, many other colourful molecules have been used by plants and animals. In bacteria, dinoflagellates and fungi, for instance, many other colour-causing compounds have been used. Sometimes the colour is just incidental, and sometimes it has a function on the life of the organism.

At first, no animals existed which could see colours. At that stage, colours on plants (etc) were incidental by-products of their physiology. The evolution of colour vision undoubtedly had an effect on the colours of plants and animals, but we have little evidence of this early stage. We know from the plants and animals of today that colour vision is very important.

Related pages
-------------

* The subject of bioluminescence is treated separately.
**Hastings Kamuzu Banda** (15 February 1898 or 14 May 1898 – 25 November 1997), was the leader of Malawi from 1961 to 1994.

Education
---------

Banda attended school in the United States. In 1928 he graduated from the school that is now Central State University in Ohio. Next he attended Indiana University as a premedical student. After four semesters he transferred to the University of Chicago. He graduated in 1931. Banda then studied medicine at Meharry Medical College in Tennessee.

Banda was required to get a second medical degree in order to practice medicine in the British Empire. He attended the University of Edinburgh. Between 1941 and 1945, he worked as a doctor in North Shields.

Malawi
------

In 1946 he represented the Nyasaland African Congress at the fifth Pan African Congress in Manchester. He began to take more interest in home country.

Banda was against the efforts of Sir Roy Welensky. Welensky wanted to form a federation between Southern and Northern Rhodesia with Nyasaland (Malawi).

In 1951 he moved to the Gold Coast in West Africa. Banda finally returned to Nyasaland on 6 July 1958. In August he was named as the leader of the Congress. He spoke against colonialism and for independence. In 1963, he was formally made Nyasaland’s prime minister. On 6 July 1964, Nyasaland became the independent Commonwealth of Malawi. When he swept to power as the first President of Malawi in 1966 he called himself "Ngwazi", which means conqueror, and after a few years declared himself "Life President".

Malawi became a one-party state under the Malawi Congress Party (MCP). In 1970, the MCP made him the party’s President for Life. In 1971, he became President for Life of Malawi itself.
**Density** is a measurement that compares the amount of matter an object has to its volume. An object with much matter in a certain volume has high density. An object with little matter in the same amount of volume has a low density.
Density is found by dividing the mass of an object by its volume:

{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {m}{V}}}
where *ρ* is the density, *m* is the mass, and *V* is the volume.

Changes of density
------------------

In general, density can be changed by changing either the pressure or the temperature. Increasing the pressure always increases the density of a material. Increasing the temperature usually lowers the density, but there are exceptions. For example, the density of water increases slightly between its melting point at 0 °C and 4 °C. When water freezes, it expands by about 9% in volume, making ice that is less dense than liquid water. Water expands as it drops below 4 °C.

Measures
--------

Fresh water is often used as a standard of relative density. This is called specific gravity.

The most common SI units for density are g/cm3 and kg/m3. When the numerator is much larger than the denominator, that means the substance has a higher density. When the denominator is much larger than the numerator, the substance has a lower density.

Other uses of the term
----------------------

"Density" sometimes means the ratio between other properties instead of mass and volume. Then it means how much of a property can be found in a specific piece of what they are looking at. For example, *population density* is how many people live within the same amount of land area. The population density in the city is higher than the country side because people live closer to each other in the city. In computers, *storage density* is how much data can fit on a data storage device in relation to its physical size. A Blu-ray disc has a higher storage density than a DVD which has a higher storage density than a CD, even though they all have almost exactly the same volume.

Related pages
-------------

* Archimedes' principle
***Death of a Salesman*** is a 1949 tragedy play which was written by Arthur Miller and was done into a *Death of a Salesman* in 1951.

The characters
--------------

**Willy Loman** - Willy is the main character of the play. He is 63 years old 
and he is a terrible salesman. He has a flawed vision of the American Dream that 
if someone is "well liked", they can succeed. He often cannot tell the difference 
between fantasy and reality. He does not like change and he often day dreams about 
the past. Several times he tries to kill himself so that the insurance money can 
go to his children.

**Linda Loman** - The wife of Willy. She gives the family strong emotional support 
during the tough times when the family needs it the most. She defends her husband 
Willy when her children start complaining about him. 

**Biff Loman** - Biff is the 34 year old son of Willy and Linda. He was well liked 
during high school, but he did not graduate. During high school, he developed a habit 
of stealing things (his father supported it), which would later get him fired from 
several jobs. Biff eventually realizes that Willy's vision of the American Dream is 
wrong and he often argues against him. He wants to go out west to Texas and start a farm.

**Harold Loman** - Harold is usually called by his nickname "Happy". The word happy is 
used with sarcasm. Happy has always lived in the shadow of his older brother, Biff, 
who was more popular and likable than he is. His parents (Linda and Willy) usually do 
not pay attention to him and act like he is invisible. Happy believes in Willy's 
incorrect vision of the American Dream and is at risk of becoming just like his father. 

**The Woman** - The woman is Willy's mistress. While Biff and Happy were in high 
school, Willy Loman cheated on his wife and had a relationship with the woman.

**Charley** - Charley is one of Willy's only true friends. Charley offers Willy a job, 
but Willy refuses. He felt bad for Willy's bad financial situation, so he gives Willy 
money each week that Willy pretends is his pay.

**Bernard** - Bernard is the son of Charley. While Bernard was in high school, Willy 
made fun of him for studying too hard and said that he was "liked, but not well liked". 
Bernard became a successful lawyer who got to argue a case in front of the [[Supreme 
Court of the United States]].

**Ben** - Ben is Willy's brother who died. Willy in his daydreams sees Ben 
as a person who entered the jungles of Africa at age 17, and came out of Africa as 
a very rich man.

Theme
-----

The theme of Death of a Salesman is Miller's criticism of capitalism and he tries to express that the American Dream does not happen to everybody. He also tries to express that being well liked is not enough to succeed, because success requires skill also.
Faust shown in an etching by Rembrandt van Rijn (about 1650).
**Faust** or **Faustus** is a character from German legendary stories. His name comes from a Latin word meaning "lucky". The legend is about a man called Faust. Faust wants to have knowledge. He meets the Devil. The Devil tells Faust he can have anything he wants. In return, the Devil says, Faust must give him his soul. Faust agrees, and the Devil lets Faust have a wonderful time, but in the end Faust has to go to Hell.

The story of Faust became famous all over Europe. Many writers from different countries wrote their own versions of the Faust story, e.g. Christopher Marlowe, Goethe, Mikhail Bulgakov, Thomas Mann. Many composers wrote music about Faust, e.g. Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Charles Gounod and Ferrucio Busoni.

The adjective "Faustian" is used to describe a person who wants something so much that it leads them into trouble.

In the early versions of the Faust story: in ballads, dramas and puppet-plays, Faust is always damned (meaning he will have to go to Hell). This is because he prefers human knowledge instead of God’s knowledge. This was thought to be very bad at that time.

Some of the plays and comic puppet theatre from around the 16th century make up their own versions of the story. They often show Faust as a figure of vulgar fun. The story became popular in England when Christopher Marlowe wrote a play called The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus[*permanent dead link*]. But in Goethe's version of the story two centuries later, Faust is described as a well-educated man who wants more than just "meat and drink."
**Joice** is a city in Worth County, Iowa, United States. At the 2000 census, 231 people lived there. It is part of the Mason City Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
---------

Joice is at 43°21′48″N 93°27′21″W﻿ / ﻿43.36333°N 93.45583°W﻿ / 43.36333; -93.45583 (43.363223, -93.455881).

The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2). All of it is land.

People and housing
------------------

At the census of 2000, there were 231 people, 101 houses and 66 families living in Joice. The population density was 230.5 people per square mile (89.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 98.70% White, 1.30% from other races. Hispanic or Latino were 1.30% of the people living in Joice.

There were 101 houses. 33.7% of these had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 9.9% had only a female living there with no husband, and 33.7% were non-families. 31.7% of all houses were made up of just one person. 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.84.

26.4% of the people living in Joice were under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.

The median amount of money made by a household in the city was $39,375. The median amount of money made for a family was $48,250.
**Matahriputra Ishwarsena** alias **Mahaksatrapa Isvardatta.** He belonged to the Yadava branch of the Lunar dynasty He was the founder of the Abhira dynasty. In Western Maharashtra the Satavahanas were overthrown by Mahakshatrapa Isvaradatta in circa A.D. 230 as shown by his dated coin recently discovered. As it bears the title Mahakshatrapa, he must have acknowledged at least nominally the suzerainty of the contemporary Kushana king. He used the Saka era in recording the dates on his coins. His rule and that of his successor (if he had any) lasted only for twenty years; for the Abhira ruler Isvarasena, who rose to power in A.D. 250 soon conquered Western Maharashtra, Gujarat, Konkan and the Anupa country. His era commencing in that year spread to all these countries. The Saka era at this second time was current in Maharashtra only for twenty years. The Abhira era starting in A.D. 250 remained in use for several centuries till the conquest of Western Maharashtra and the other adjoining countries in A.D. 620, when the Early Chalukya king Pulakesin II defeated Kalachuri Buddharaja And annexed those countries to his empire.
**Junko Shimada** (Japanese: 島田順子, born in 1941) is a Japanese fashion designer who created her own clothing brand. She designs clothes for Lady Gaga. Shimada also designed the Japanese team's outfits for the 2020 Summer Olympic Games. Shimada's brand is called "Junko Shimada."

Early life
----------

Shimada was born in Tateyama City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, in 1941. She liked painting. Her mother told her to learn a skill that would let her earn money. Growing up, she also dreamed of working for Levi’s, an American clothing company known for their denim clothing. So she studied at Sugino Gakuen Dressmaker Jogakuin, a fashion designing/dressmaker school.

In school, she started watching French movies. Shimada moved to Paris in 1966.

Career
------

After moving to Paris, Shimada worked as a stylist and with famous fashion companies. She worked for Mafia Design Studio. She then moved to Cacharel. She first designed children's clothes, then men's clothes.

In 1981 she started the "Junko Shimada Design Studio."  She has many shops in France. She also makes luggage, eyeglasses, kimonos, and other items.

Shimada combined French history and Japanese culture in her work. Ever since she started her brand, Shimada has been featured in the Paris Fashion Week. In 2012, Shimada was awarded with the Order of Arts and Letters by the French government for her outstanding work in the fashion industry. She is a member of the "Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode."

Awards and honors
-----------------

Shimada received the Order of Arts and Letters by the French government in 2012.
An example of a phishing email, disguised as an official email from a (fictional) bank. The sender is attempting to trick the recipient into revealing secure information by "confirming" it at the *phisher'*s website.
**Phishing** is a way that criminals get sensitive information (like usernames or passwords). It is a method of social engineering. Very often, phishing is done by electronic mail. This mail appears to come from a bank or other service provider. It usually says that because of some change in the system, the users need to re-enter their usernames/passwords to confirm them. The emails usually have a link to a page that looks almost like that of the real bank. 

Phishing allows criminals to get access to bank accounts, or other accounts like shopping, auction or gaming accounts. It can also be used for identity theft.

Phishing has changed surprisingly little over the lifetime of the Internet, however certain phishing tactics have gotten much more sophisticated. For example, many phishing techniques via email involve spoofing the email address and creating emails that are designed to look just like emails sent from the real company. Not all phishing attempts do this, however. 

Phishing can also be done over text, via instant messaging apps such as Facebook Messenger or WhatsApp, or even through snail mail. If you receive a text from an unknown number that tells you to visit a specific website for any reason, it might be a phishing link.

Filter evasion
--------------

Some people who do this started using pictures of text to make it harder for anti-phishing filters to see it. This sometimes works because the filters look for words often used in phishing emails/messages. However, people have invented better filters that can still read the text using OCR (optical character recognition).

Some anti-phishing filters can even read cursive, hand-written, upside-down, distorted (for example, wavy or stretched) text, as well as writing on colored backgrounds.

Other websites
--------------

* E-scams and Warnings Update Archived 2008-11-03 at the Wayback Machine – Federal Bureau of Investigation
* Bank Safe Online – Advice to UK consumers
***My Immortal*** is a work of Harry Potter fanfiction known for being badly received.

Premise
-------

A seventeen-year-old Goth Satanist vampire named Ebony Darkness Dementia Raven Way, (commonly misspelled or known as Ebony, Enoby, Eboby, and Tara) is in England as a student of Hogwarts and dating Draco Malfoy. Ebony is in a rock music band with Hermione Granger, whose name is now Bloody Mary Smith, Harry Potter who is known by the nickname Vampire and her friend Willow. While Ebony is the only Chosen One who can beat Voldemort (misspelled as Vlodemort or Volsemort) who wants Ebony to kill Vampire Potter.

Plot
----

After Ebony finds out that her boyfriend Draco Malfoy used to date Vampire Potter and is angry about it she goes to a forest where Voldemort comes to her and tells her to kill Vampire Potter. He later gives Ebony a gun and tells her "Thou must kill Vampire Potter or I will kill him anyway".

Then Remus Lupin and Severus Snape watch Ebony in the bath while Lupin was wikt:masticating so Ebony threw her wound at them and then took out a gun and shot them "a gazillion times". Then Snape wants to rape Ebony because he is a Christian and she is a Satanist and he hates her but he is stopped by Hagrid. Ebony then goes back in time to stop Tom Brombadil from becoming Voldemort though she calls him Satan as a nickname. Ebony and Tom Anderson also known as Satan then join a rock music band in the 1980s with Severus Snape, Sirius Black, and Lucius Malfoy. Then Morty McFlee comes with a time machine and Ebony and Satan steal it to go back to the future where Satan transforms into Voldemort.

Reception
---------

My Immortal got an extremely negative reception with a lot of people saying that they didn’t like it or that they hated it. Some people called it the worst fan fiction ever written. Even now it’s still said to be the worst fan fiction ever made more often than any other fan fiction is. Though some people think that My Immortal was written as a parody of bad Harry Potter fan fiction and was actually trying to be bad because of it. My Immortal singer Amy Lee said that she read it and laughed "because of the nonsense".

Authorship Controversy
----------------------

The author of My Immortal uses the name Tara Gillebsie but that might be a pen name. From 2008 to 2009, there was a YouTube channel by two teenagers named Tara and Raven who liked to joke about Goth subculture but when they were interviewed in 2014 said that they didn’t write it even though a lot of people thought that they did. 

In 2017, a woman named Rose Christo wrote a book called "Under the Same Stars: The Search for My Brother and the True Story of My Immortal" about being a Native American who never saw her brother again after foster care and about writing My Immortal. It later turned out that she wasn’t actually Native American and was never actually in foster care. But she still said that she was the person who wrote My Immortal even though her brother didn’t believe her.

Legacy
------

My Immortal is a fan fiction that has fan fiction written about it but those fan fictions are usually making fun of it.
*This page is about the character in the book called the Nibelungenlied. For Wagner's opera see Siegfried (opera).*
Siegfried
**Sigurd** (Old Norse: **Sigurðr**) is a strong hero in the *Nibelungenlied*, an epic poem written about the year 1200. He killed the dragon Fafnir and took its treasure, the *Nibelungenschatz*. After killing the dragon, he bathed in its blood and so changed his skin, so that he could not be wounded any more. The earliest extant representations for his legend come in pictorial form from seven runestones in Sweden and most notably the Ramsund carving (c. 1000) and the Gök Runestone (11th century).

But a leaf fell from a linden tree above while he was bathing and landed on his back, and the little patch of skin that it covered did not touch the dragon's blood, so that Siegfried remained vulnerable (he could be hurt) in that one spot.

Siegfried wants to marry Kriemhild, the sister of Gunther, kin of the Burgundians in Worms. But before he is allowed to marry her he has to help Gunther to win against Brünhild, the queen of Iceland. He does it with the help of a cloak which lets him become invisible.

After their marriage Siegfried and Kriemhild live in Siegfried's kingdom for some years. Then they come to visit Worms and Kriemhild's family again. Brünhild, the wife of Gunther, and
Kriemhild argue about who is of higher rank. Now Kriemhild tells Brünhild that Siegfried helped Gunther in his fight against her and that he gave a proof of this victory to Kriemhild. Therefore, Brünhild becomes so furious that she decides that Siegfried must be killed. This is done by Hagen, one of Gunther's men, while Siegfried is drinking from a well during a hunt in the Odenwald. Hagen also takes the treasure of Siegfried from Kriemhild and throws it into the Rhine.

The name Siegfried in German means "victory peace".

Siegfried appears in two of the four operas in Wagner's Ring cycle: the third opera is called *Siegfried* and the fourth one is called *Götterdämmerung* although originally Wagner called it "Siegfrieds Tod" ("The Death of Siegfried"). Wagner makes several changes to the story.
Cosmonaut's survival kit in Polytechnical Museum, Moscow
Sailors take inventory of a C-2A Greyhound's liferaft kit in USS *Kitty Hawk* (CV 63) paraloft shop
A **survival kit** is a set of tools and supplies that helps a person survive in an emergency. Civil and military aircraft, lifeboats, and spacecraft are equipped with survival kits.

Usully, such kits contain tools to provide shelter against the elements, help them to keep warm, have a means to signal to rescuers and finding the way back to help. Such kits also contain food and water, for a short period of time. They also contain a first aid kit. Supplies in a survival kit normally include a knife (often a Swiss army knife or a multi-tool), matches, tinder, first aid kit, bandana, fish hooks, sewing kit, and a flashlight.

People who work in remote locations, or in those with extreme climates usually have a survival kit. Such people include forestry workers, surveyors, and bush pilots.

The American Red Cross recommends an emergency preparedness kit that is easy to carry and use in the event of an emergency or disaster.

A U.S. Marine signalling an aircraft with a signal mirror.
A small Snow Peak portable stove running on MSR gas and the stove's carrying case

### Typical contents

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is the United States's agency responsible for disaster planning and emergency resource management. It gives the following list for a three-day basic emergency supply kit. Similar items can also be found from other national emergency response agencies.

The suggested contents of a bug-out bag vary and can also include weapons for defense from dangerous animals or people.

* Water (one gallon per person per day for at least three days, for drinking and sanitation)
* Food (at least a three-day supply of non-perishable food)
* Battery-powered or hand crank radio and a NOAA Weather Radio with tone alert
* Flashlight
* First aid kit
* Extra batteries
* Whistle (to signal for help)
* Dust mask (to help filter contaminated air)
* Plastic sheeting and duct tape (to shelter in place)
* Wet wipes, garbage bags and plastic ties (for personal sanitation)
* Wrench or pliers (to turn off utilities)
* Manual can opener (for food)
* Local maps
* Cell phone with chargers and a backup battery
For other senses of this word, see magnitude.
The **magnitude** of a mathematical object is its size: a property by which it can be larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind.

In mathematical language one would say: It is an ordering of the class of objects to which it belongs.

The Ancient Greeks distinguished between several types of magnitude, including:

* (positive) fractions
* line segments (ordered by length)
* Plane figures (ordered by area)
* Solids (ordered by volume)
* Angles (ordered by angular magnitude)

They had proven that the first two could not be the same, or even isomorphic systems of magnitude. They did not consider negative magnitudes to be meaningful, and *magnitude* is still primarily used in contexts in which zero is either the lowest size, or less than all possible sizes.

Real numbers
------------

The magnitude of a real number x is usually called the **absolute value** or **modulus**. It is written as {\displaystyle |x|}, and is defined by:

| *x* | = *x*, if *x* ≥ 0
| *x* | = -*x*, if *x* < 0
This gives the number's distance from zero on the real number line. For example, the modulus of -5 is 5.

Vector
------

The magnitude of a vector {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} } is called its **norm**, and is usually written as {\displaystyle \|\mathbf {v} \|}. It measures the length of the vector. For a three-dimensional vector {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} =(v\_{1},v\_{2},v\_{3})}, the norm can be calculated using the formula {\displaystyle \|\mathbf {v} \|={\sqrt {v\_{1}^{2}+v\_{2}^{2}+v\_{3}^{2}}}}.

Practical math
--------------

A magnitude is never negative. When comparing magnitudes, it is often helpful to use a logarithmic scale. Real-world examples include the loudness of a sound (decibel), the brightness of a star, or the Richter scale of earthquake intensity.

Because magnitudes are often not linear, they usually cannot be added or subtract in a meaningful way.

Related pages
-------------

* Order of magnitude
**Matthew Erickson Moore** (born August 9, 1984 in Van Nuys, California) is an American Football quarterback for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League. Moore was not drafted in the 2007 NFL Draft. He played college football at UCLA and Oregon State.

Dallas Cowboys
--------------

After the 2007 NFL Draft, he signed with the Dallas Cowboys but was released from the team on September 1.

Carolina Panthers
-----------------

Matt Moore first played in a regular season game on October 27th, 2007 with the Carolina Panthers after David Carr left the game with an injury. In the last game of the 2008 NFL preseason, Matt Moore was injured and did not play during the 2008 NFL season. During the 2009 NFL Season, Moore started five games and threw 8 touchdowns and 2 interceptions. At the start of the 2010 NFL season, he was the starter but after throwing 4 interceptions in the first 2 games he was replaced by Jimmy Clausen. Then he sat out for three straight games before becoming the starter again after Clausen's poor play. In week 9, he was injured and his season ended.

Miami Dolphins
--------------

On July 28, 2011, the Miami Dolphins signed Moore to be Chad Henne's back up. On October 2, Henne was injured and Moore came into the game in the first quarter. He finished the game 17 of 26 for 167 passing yards and 1 interception. He started his first game with the Dolphins on October 19 against the New York Jets. In 13 games (and 12 starts), Moore finished the season with 2,497 yards, 16 touchdowns, and 9 interceptions.