recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
Difference between the official results and actual values for a referendum in Poland, in 1946.
**Electoral fraud**, or **vote rigging**, is any alteration or change of the vote count in an election. Acts of fraud affect vote counts to bring about an election result. That can be by increasing the vote share of one candidate or by lowering the vote count of another. It can also be a person casting more than one vote if only one vote is permitted, which is called **ballot-box stuffing**. What defines electoral fraud under law varies from country to country.

Many kinds of election fraud are outlawed in specific electoral laws. Other kinds violate general laws, such as those banning assault, harassment or libel. Technically, the term "electoral fraud" covers only acts that are illegal. Generally, the term is sometimes used to describe acts that are legal but are considered morally unacceptable, outside the spirit of electoral laws, or in violation of the principles of democracy.

In national elections, successful electoral fraud can have the effect of a coup d'état or corruption of democracy. In a narrow election, a small amount of fraud may be enough to change the result. Even if the outcome is not affected, fraud can still have a damaging effect if not punished. For example, it can reduce voters' confidence in democracy.

Even the perception of fraud can be damaging. Fraudulent elections can lead to the breakdown of democracy and to the establishment or ratification of a dictatorship.

Fraud in elections is not limited to those for public office. Elections, such as for a corporation's directors, labor union officials, or student council members are subject to similar fraud, as are sports judging, and the awarding of merit to works of art and literature.

Related pages
-------------

* Corruption
**Little Spain** was a Spanish American neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan during 20th century.

History
-------

"Little Spain" was 14th Street, between Seventh and Eighth Avenues. A very different slice of Chelsea existed on a stretch of 14th Street often referred to by residents as "Calle Catorce," or "Little Spain". The Church of Our Lady of Guadelupe (No. 299) was founded in 1902, when Spaniards started to settle in the area. Although the Spanish business have given way to such nightclubs as Nell's and Oh Johnny on the block between Seventh and Eighth Avenues, the Spanish food and gift emporium known as Casa Moneo has been at 210 West 14th since 1929. In 2010 the documentary **Little Spain**, directed and written by Artur Balder, was filmed in New York City. The documentary pulled together for first time an archive that reveals the untold history of the Spanish-American presence in Manhattan. The archive contains more than 450 photographs and 150 documents that have never been publicly displayed. They present the history of the streets of Little Spain in New York City throughout the 20th Century. The archive contains more than 450 photographs and 150 documents that have never been publicly displayed. They present the history of the streets of Little Spain in New York City throughout the 20th Century.

Other important commerces and Spanish business of Little Spain were restaurants like La Bilbaína, Trocadero Valencia, Bar Coruña, Little Spain Bar, Café Madrid, Mesón Flamenco, or El Faro Restaurant, established 1927, and still today open at 823 Greenwich St. The Iberia was a famous Spanish dress shop. 

The heart of the Spanish American community in that area were the two landmarks the Spanish Benevolent Society and the Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe, founded at the turn of the 19th century, being the first parish in Manhattan with mass in Latin and Spanish.

Virginia Admiral and her son, Robert Mario De Niro Jr. moved to a top floor studio at the 219 West 14th Street, owned by the Galician entrepreneur José García. According with the investigations, Robert De Niro was living during the 50s at the heart of Little Spain after the divorce of his parents.

Other websites
--------------

* IMDb.
* The Herald Tribune. Archived 2021-01-26 at the Wayback Machine
* El País. Archived 2011-07-27 at the Wayback Machine
* LA VANGUARDIA.[*permanent dead link*]
* El Mundo.
* Antena 3 TV, Weekend News.
* Official Web Presence of the Spanish Benevolent Society.

40°44′21″N 74°0′4″W﻿ / ﻿40.73917°N 74.00111°W﻿ / 40.73917; -74.00111
Creative Commons is a type of **software license**.
A **software licence** (or **software** **license** in United States English) is a kind of licence that is used to set rules about how a piece of software can or cannot be used. After getting the software by either downloading it or buying it, you need to agree with the licence in order to use it. The licence is chosen or created by the software developer/creator or software publisher. Many licences answer questions such as "can I use this software commercially/to make money?", or "can I give this software to other people?", or in general, "in what ways am I allowed/permitted to use this software?".

One kind of software licence, an end user licence agreement, or "EULA", is very specific/descriptive about the things that you can or cannot do with the software, and oftentimes establishes/defines the rights of the software developer over the user. Most EULAs are written by the specific software developer and are not shared like other software licences.

Another type of software licence is an open source distribution licence. These licences let software developers choose what people can and cannot do with the code of the software. There are many licences freely available which allow you to do this, such as the MIT Licence, which allows for the software to be used by any person for any reason/purpose. The GNU General Public Licence, often abbreviated/shortened as **GPL** is a licence which makes all copies of the software free and open source. Therefore, GPL cannot be included in any part of proprietary/closed software because it does not follow the rules of the licence. The Apache Licence is more definitive and specific, but is more common with larger companies, such as Google, but is still considered a free software licence. **Creative Commons** is a popular licence used by people who want to give something out for free without taking as much credit. Creative Commons is very open, and is even used by Wikipedia for its pages and other content.
The symbol for copyleft. It is the mirror image of the copyright symbol.
**Copyleft** is a name for a type of a license for free content or free software. It is not the opposite of copyright, but its purpose is the opposite of the purpose of the frequently seen copyright type of license (which uses copyright to *forbid* changing, giving, or selling something). A copyleft license uses copyright to *forbid forbidding* changing, giving, or selling something.

Both copyleft and non-copyleft ("permissive") licenses for free content or free software can be used for things like documents (for example books, art, music and software); they always allow people to change the works, and to give or sell them to other people. It should be noted that, although people might think that copyleft content is not copyrighted, that's a myth. Copyleft is a form of licensing: it is not just another name for public domain.

However, in a copyleft license, when a person gives or sells a work (changed or not changed) to a friend, the person must allow the friend to do the things which the author of the original work has allowed in the license to the person. This often means, for example, that if another person licensed a book under a copyleft license, and you changed it into a new book, you would have to license your new book under the same license.

Some copyleft licenses that are used a lot are the GNU General Public License and the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license.
The "Silent Duck" is used in the first stage of fisting
Using gloves and lubrication reduce the risk of injury.
**Fisting** is a sexual activity. The fister puts his or her hand into the vagina or rectum. The fingers are then clenched into a fist or kept straight. Fisting may be done with or without a partner.

A woman masturbating, self-fisting herself.
Fistees is another form of fisting. It is for the more experienced. It may take two fists. This is called double fisting. Double fisting pleasure depends more on stretching of the anus or vagina rather than thrusting with an in-and-out movement of the hands.

Fisting can cause lacerations to the vagina, perineum, rectum, and/or colon. This may result in serious injury. These lacerations may even lead to death. Sexual activities that cause air to enter the vagina can lead to a fatal air clot. The risk is probably even higher during pregnancy.

Risks
-----

Fisting can cause cutting or tearing or of the vagina, perineum, rectum, and/or colon, resulting in serious injury and even death. In general, sexual activities that cause air to enter the vagina can lead to a fatal air clot, and the risk is probably even higher during pregnancy.

Anal fisting carries risks of colorectal tearing; people doing it should use latex gloves and lubricant, and have a safeword, which they can say when they want it to stop immediately. The practice, along with the insertion of hard objects into the anus or the vagina has been significantly related to the traumatization of the vaginal or rectal mucosa in increasing the likelihood of infection, including Hepatitis B virus.

Other sources
-------------

* Donovan B; Tindall B; Cooper D. Brachioproctic eroticism and transmission of retrovirus associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). *Genitourin Med.* 1986 Dec;62(6):390-2.
* Medical terminology and some information on risks were taken from The Intelligent Man's Guide To Handball, a guide to man-on-man fisting.
* Addington, D (1998). *A Hand in the Bush, The Fine Art of Vaginal Fisting*. Greenery Press.
* Herrman, Bert (1991). *Trust/The Hand Book*. San Francisco: Alamo Square Press. ISBN 0-9624751-5-7.
* Inciardi, James A.; Surratt, Hilary L.; Telles, Paulo R. (November 1, 2000). *Sex, Drugs, and HIV/AIDS in Brazil*. Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-3424-1.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Black and white photograph of a sitting Chinese woman with pointy squished feetA woman with bound feet.
**Foot binding** is an old Chinese custom of wrapping girls' feet with cloth in order to stop them from growing with age. Some Chinese legends say people started binding women's feet as early as the Shang dynasty (1700–1027 BCE). However, writing says that foot binding began at the court of the Song dynasty (960–1279 CE). It lasted until the early 20th century, when it was banned by the People's Republic of China. 

Foot binding was a sign of social status. If a woman's feet were bound, it was a sign that she was a higher-class woman who did not have to do hard work. However, foot binding slowly spread to the lower classes who wanted to try and get a higher social status. By the 17th century, Chinese girls of all social statuses had their feet bound. 

Some people think that Chinese women were forced to bind their feet in order to help their husbands feel sexual pleasure. Some people also see foot binding as insulting to women. But other people argue that this view is biased against the Chinese culture in favor of modern Western standards.

Foot binding usually tried to make the feet about 3 inches (7.6 cm) long, at most. Some drastic things were done at times to try to do this. Because of this, women who had their feet bound would usually be impaired, or damaged, for the rest of their lives. The physical consequences (or results) of foot binding stayed in Chinese society until very recently, according to a study published by the University of San Francisco.

When the Manchuria created the Qing dynasty, the Manchurian emperors wrote many laws banning foot binding. However, the laws did not work very well. In 1874, the first anti-footbinding committee was held in Shanghai by a British priest. After the collapse of the Qing dynasty, the republican government kept trying to stop foot binding. They gave fines (orders to pay money) to women who still had their feet bound after 1915. During the early 20th century, western fashion was affecting China more and more. The People's Republic of China eventually outlawed foot binding, although this was not very successful in actually ending the practice. According to Xinhua News Agency, the last factory to make shoes for bound-feet women stopped making those shoes in 1998, in Harbin, China.

Other websites
--------------

* The lingering influence of foot binding
* Painful Memories for China's Footbinding Survivors
* History and the culture of the Song dynasty
Artificial leather used for the seats in a train.
**Artificial leather** is a substance used as a replacement for real leather. It is used where the properties or the look of real leather are desired, but real leather is too expensive, unsuitable, or not feasible for ethical reasons. Compared with real leather, artificial leathers are much cheaper to produce. Water resistance is another advantage of many artificial leathers. They are often used for upholstery and fashion and other purposes.

What it is made of
------------------

Steps to make synthetic PU leather: 1 = cotton fabric, 2 = coagulation (wet process) onto fabric with aromatic polyurethane in DMF, 3 + 4 = transfer of coating + finish with solventborne polyurethane formulation.
Usually, there are two components: A kind of textile, and some kind of plastic (such as PVC). Real leather is produced from the skin of animals.

Problems
--------

Artificial leather might look like it is better for the environment, since no animals need to be killed to make it. The problem with artificial leather is different: When the item of clothing is no longer used, it is thrown away. Many plastics take a long time to decay. That way, the plastic part may get into the sea, where animals such as birds and fish eat it. The chemicals used to make artificial leather are toxic, and can lead to pollution.
**Deutsche Borse AG** or the **Deutsche Borse Group**, is a marketplace organizer for the trading of shares and other securities. It is also a transaction services provider. It gives companies and investors access to global capital markets. It is a joint stock company and was founded in 1993. The headquarters are in Frankfurt. As of December 2010, the over 765 companies listed had a combined market capitalization of EUR 1.4 trillion. On 1 October 2014, Deutsche Borse AG became the 14th announced member of the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative.

Clearstream
-----------

**Clearstream** is a post-trade services provider owned by Deutsche Borse AG. It provides settlement and custody as well as other related services for securities across all asset classes. It is one of two European International central securities depositories (Euroclear being the other).

Clearstream operates securities settlement systems  based in both Luxembourg and Germany, which allow for the holding and transfer of securities.

Clearstream operates its International Central Securities Depository (ICSD) from Luxembourg. It is also a joint partner in the Luxembourgish Central Securities Depository (CSD), LuxCSD, together with the Central Bank of Luxembourg. In Germany, Clearstream operates the German CSD, Clearstream Banking AG. Clearstream has links to over 50 domestic markets worldwide, and also issues and safekeeps Eurobonds.

In 2014, the value of assets under custody on behalf of customers averaged 12.2 trillion euros; furthermore, Clearstream processed 43.65 million ICSD and 82.68 million CSD settlement transactions.

Clearstream has around 2,500 customers in 110 countries. Clearstream accepts central banks and AML-regulated credit institutions (such as regulated banks) as customers. Clearstream does not accept natural persons as customers and no account is opened in the name of a natural person. Clearstream has therefore been described as a "bank for banks" ("Plumbers and Visionaries, a history of settlement and custody in Europe", Peter Norman).

Eurex
-----

**Eurex Exchange** is an international exchange which primarily offers trading in European based derivatives and it is the largest European futures and options market. The products traded on this exchange vary from German and Swiss debt instruments to European stocks and various stock indexes. All transactions executed on Eurex Exchange are cleared through Eurex Clearing, which functions as a central counterparty (CCP) for multi-asset class clearing of the above-mentioned exchange-traded product range as well as over-the-counter traded products.

According to the 2015 Futures Industry Association’s annual survey, Eurex Exchange is ranked as the world's third-largest derivatives exchange by contract volume. The Exchange is headquartered in Eschborn, Germany, near Frankfurt am Main and it is operated by Eurex Frankfurt AG and Eurex Zurich AG, which are public companies wholly owned by the German stock exchange operator Deutsche Borse AG.
Nvidia GeForce 3 GPU (introduced in 2001)
A **graphics processing unit** (**GPU**) is the processor on a graphics card. It makes images, animations, graphics and then displays them on the computer’s screen. A strong GPU is able to process complex animations and graphics smoothly and efficiently. Images which GPUs make may be 2D or 3D. For most applications, the GPU has to make two dimensional (2D) pictures. Some applications use 3D pictures to simulate three-dimensionality.

Origin
------

The first graphics processors were used in the 1970s in arcade machines. Graphics processors were not used for consumer products until the 1980s because they were too expensive to make. 

During the mid 1990s, graphics processors became common in arcade games, computer games and console games. The first GPU for personal computers was the Nvidia GeForce 256, released in 1999. It could calculate geometric objects in space and some lighting effects.

Modern Uses
-----------

Nowadays, GPUs are always in personal computers, mobile telephones and video game systems. Most CPUs come with an **internal GPU** built-in. Those internal GPUs can make the visual effects of modern graphical user interfaces such as shadows, semi-transparent backgrounds and animations. However, for newer video games a more powerful additional **dedicated GPU** is usually needed.

Other devices such as virtual reality headsets and driverless cars also use GPUs. The tasks a GPU can do include technical calculations, Artificial Intelligence problem solving, photo editing and other applications.

### History of Multi-GPU systems

The first attempts in Multi-GPU Systems were done by now defunct company 3Dfx in the late 1990s, which was bought by Nvidia later. Their *Voodoo* video cards, which were 3D only accelerators, could be hooked up to a second Voodoo video card to gain more performance. This was called SLi. Theoretically the performance would double, practically it increased far less, depending on the video game. Later, 3Dfx built even four GPUs on one unreleased video card.
Page of the *Domesday Book*.
The **Domesday Book** is the record of the great survey of much of England, and parts of Wales, completed in 1086, done for William I of England, or William the Conqueror. 

The Domesday Book (also known as *Domesday*, or *Book of Winchester*) was a record of all taxable land in England, together with such information as would indicate its worth.

As the scribes went round England, they were protected by William's armed men. Each group was led by a Royal Commissioner, who took a list of standard questions. A 'jury' of local nobility and citizens answered the questions. All answers were written down in Latin.

Information was collected from the start of 1085, and working up into the complete volume started later that year. William died in 1087 before the writing-up work was completed.

William the Conqueror wished to know the details of the land he had conquered, England. He let his knights and barons have big areas of land, and wanted rent money from them. The Domesday Book was a record of every farm, village and house so that he knew how much rent he should get. Only some small villages in the countryside are not in the book. Major cities like London and Winchester are also not in the Domesday Book, perhaps because of their size, or because (not owning land), the people could not be taxed. 

The Domesday book gave the names of King William's friends and even listed the number of pigs on a piece of land. But it was not like a modern census. It did not give the names of all the people. It listed the heads of each household, but left out Londoners, monks, nuns, and anyone living in castles. In effect, it listed only people he could get rent from, and who might supply men to fight in his army.

Volumes
-------

The Domesday Book is two volumes. One of the books was called *Great Domesday*, and the other was called *Little Domesday*. The draft of the second volume, Little Domesday, was never worked up, but no doubt was used for tax collection just the same.

Name
----

The Domesday book got its name because its lists were so complete that it reminded people of the Last Judgment (which people also call Doomsday, or Domesday) in Christianity, when lists of what people have done go before God for people to be judged.

Other websites
--------------

* Domesday Book, from *The National Archives (UK)*. Searchable text and page scans (complete).
* Focus on Domesday Archived 2006-07-15 at the Wayback Machine, from Learning Curve Archived 2006-07-15 at the Wayback Machine. Annotated sample page.
* Domesday Book Archived 2019-06-27 at the Wayback Machine, an article from *History Magazine*.
* www.domesdaybook.co.uk
The **Boston Massacre** happened when five civilians (people who were not in the military) were shot and killed by 9 British troops on March 5, 1770. It was in Boston, Massachusetts, which was a British colony at the time. The event happened at night when a large mob got together outside of the Custom House. One British soldier named Hugh White had hit a boy who had insulted his commanding officer. The boy ran away and came back with a large mob of angry people. More British soldiers came to help protect Hugh White from the people. The mob threw snowballs with clams inside them and hit them with wooden clubs. As the mob got larger and larger the scene became more and more chaotic. Someone in the crowd yelled "fire". In the confusion, some of the soldiers fired into the crowd. Crispus Attucks, an African-American man, was one of the first people killed.

Trial
-----

Eight British soldiers went to court after the Boston Massacre. Only two of them, Hugh Montgomery and Matthew Killroy, were found guilty of manslaughter in court. Their punishment was to have the palms of their hands branded (have their palms marked with a burn). John Adams was the lawyer who defended the British soldiers. He knew that many people would be upset with him for defending the soldiers, but he believed that everybody deserved a fair trial. (*Adams would later become the President of the United States*).

After the Boston Massacre
-------------------------

Paul Revere, a man who worked with metals in Boston, made an engraving of the British soldiers shooting into the crowd, depicted as violent. Many people saw the engraving and became angry. A few years later, the American Revolution started, and the colonies would become an independent country, the United States of America.

Photo gallery
-------------

* Hover over each photo to view label detail
* Portrait of what Crispus Attucks may have looked likePortrait of what Crispus Attucks may have looked like
* Obituary of Massacre victim Patrick Carr, published on March 19, 1770, with an engraving of his coffin by Paul RevereObituary of Massacre victim Patrick Carr, published on March 19, 1770, with an engraving of his coffin by Paul Revere
* Robert Treat Paine, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, prosecuted the British soldiersRobert Treat Paine, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, prosecuted the British soldiers
* John Adams defended the accused British soldiersJohn Adams defended the accused British soldiers
* Lithograph from 1856 focusing on Crispus Attucks, who had by then become an important symbol for abolitionists.Lithograph from 1856 focusing on Crispus Attucks, who had by then become an important symbol for abolitionists.
* A gray brick circle now marks the site of the Massacre, in front of the Old State HouseA gray brick circle now marks the site of the Massacre, in front of the Old State House
Sir **Arthur Bliss** CH KCVO (London, 2 August 1891; died London, 27 March 1975) was a British composer (a person who writes music). When he started composing, his music sounded very modern and harsh. As he got older he changed his style and wrote more Romantic music in the style of English composer Edward Elgar. For more than twenty years he was Master of the Queen's Music.

Early life
----------

His father was American, his mother was English. He went to school at Rugby. He went to Cambridge University where he studied with Irish composer Charles Wood. Wood also taught the composer Ralph Vaughan Williams. Bliss got to know Elgar whose music influenced him very much.

For a short time he learned music from Charles Villiers Stanford at the Royal College of Music. During World War I he served in the army.

After World War 1
-----------------

After the war he started to play his music in public. These compositions show the influence of Stravinsky, Ravel and Les Six. His music even sounded jazzy. After a few years his music became more Romantic. Elgar asked him to write something for the Three Choirs Festival in 1922. The piece he composed was his *Colour Symphony* in which he tries to describe colours in music.

During the 1920s his music became more traditional. He wrote a lot of music for movies including music for the movie *Things to Come* (H.G.Wells). He loved the theatre and composed music for the ballets *Checkmate* and *Miracle in the Gorbals*. One of his best works is the choral symphony *Morning Heroes* (1930). This was written to remember those who were killed in World War I.

America
-------

When World War II started he was in the USA. He stayed there and taught at Berkeley, California until 1941. Then he returned to England. For a time he was Director of Music of the BBC. He wrote an opera *The Olympians*. In 1953 he was made Master of the Queen's Music. He kept that position until his death, writing many pieces of music for official royal occasions.

He was given many honours, including the Companion of Honour and the Royal Victorian Order.

In his later years he composed several works for orchestra as well as for choirs.

He died on 27 March 1975. His wife, Gertrude died on 21 November 2008 at the age of 104.

Other websites
--------------

* The Arthur Bliss society

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Sexually objectifying a person means to view them like things for sexual desire.

Both males and females can be sexually objectified, as can children and teenagers. Women and girls, however, are more likely victims of sexual objectification than men and boys. The concept of sexual objectification toward females is very important for some feminist theories. The sexual objectification toward women and girls contributes to bad treatment against them and to gender inequality. A number of psychologists link sexual objectification under some physical and mental health risks for women and girls.

Sexual objectification of women
-------------------------------

A bikini contest is mostly about the way the contestants look, if they are pretty. To some extent, a bikini contest objectifies women/girls. Women who don't think they are pretty would not take part in such a contest.
The sexual objectification of women/girls has them being viewed like an object under male sexual desires, not as a whole person. Opinions differ, however, on which situations are objectionable. Many see the sexual objectifying of women/girls taking place with sexual portrayals involving them under art, media, advertising, pornography, prostitution and beauty contests.

There is also evidence showing that females are sometimes sexually objectified by other females.

### Sexual objectification of Hispanic/Latina women

Hispanic or Latina females are more often sexually objectified under stereotypes (unfair generalisations) toward them. The American media often portray these women as more likely to perform casual sex with multiple partners. The same media portray these females as having curved shapes, large breasts, large buttocks, having a melodramatic (over-the-top) attitude or being feisty.

Sexual objectification of men
-----------------------------

Men are also objectified, in advertising, but much less than women. This image shows a male striptease dancer.
Women also sometimes see men as sex objects. This often happens in movies and in advertising. It also happens in some television programs.Erotic shows (such as a striptease), or pornography may reduce men to sex objects.
Mount Vernon
**Mount Vernon** was the plantation home of George Washington, the first President of the United States. It is located near Alexandria, Virginia. The house was designed by Washington and built of wood in 1757. It is in the neoclassical Georgian architectural style. Mount Vernon is on the banks of the Potomac River. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is owned and maintained in trust by The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. It is open every day of the year. Mount Vernon is on the tentative list of World Heritage Sites in the United States.

The property was long called Little Hunting Creek Plantation but Lawrence Washington, George's older half-brother, renamed it for Edward Vernon, his commander in the Royal Navy. Laurence died in 1753 and George eventually inherited the estate.

Gallery
-------

* Eastern facade facing the PotomacEastern facade facing the Potomac
* House and grounds seen from the PotomacHouse and grounds seen from the Potomac

Related pages
-------------

* List of World Heritage Sites in the United States

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Mount Vernon at Wikimedia Commons

* Official website of Mount Vernon
* National Historic Landmark: Mount Vernon Archived 2009-01-09 at the Wayback Machine
* National Shrine: Bringing George Washington Back to Life Archived 2007-10-20 at Archive.today
* "Life Portrait of George Washington", broadcast from Mount Vernon
**The Seven Bridges of Paso Mayor** is a railway bridge belonging to the Rosario Puerto Belgrano Railroad, which crosses the course of the Sauce Grande River in the limits of the Coronel Rosales and Coronel Pringles Municipalities, south of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.

History
-------

View of The Seven Bridges
It receives its name for being a bridge divided into seven sections, six of a type structure "cage" and one "open", is located in the Paso Mayor of the River Sauce Grande near the site of the same name. Its construction was completed in 1908 and is part of the Rosario Puerto Belgrano Railroad, the same crosses from north to south, the south of the Santa Fe Province and all the west of the Buenos Aires Province, discarding the radial model towards the City of Buenos Aires that had all the British railways.

It was used by a railway for the last time in the year 1977 when the southern section of that railway branch was definitively closed by a decree of the de military government.

In the 90 'this railway line was concessioned with all its assets, who currently is the owner of the concession is the company Ferro Expreso Pampeano S.A. which never used the southern section of the branch before said.

Structure
---------

Internal view of the bridges.
West view.
The support or bastion of each end are 266 meters each, each bastion has two wings. Each one of the boards of each section rests on six pillars that are in what was the bed of the formerly mighty river.

The entire structure of the bridge, both the "upper rope", "lower rope", "diagonal", "lower bracing", "upper bracing", "poles", "joists", "bolts" and other parts of the bridges were built according to the following generalities:

* Its parts should be accessible for inspection, cleaning, maintenance and repair.
* Its sections should be symmetrical, just like its rivets.
* The support system of the structure is separated from the masonry of the piles.
* Systems of brackets, braces or cords are used, so that the water rejected by the batteries does not cause deterioration in its lower part.

Declaration of Historical Heritage
----------------------------------

In 2010 the Deliberative Council of the Coronel Rosales Municipality declared it "Architectural, Historical and Cultural Heritage". In 2012 it was declared a provincial historical heritage by the legislature of the Buenos Aires Province.

Controversy
-----------

Despite being recently declared historical heritage, it was left without one of its sections, the one used by Ferro Expreso Pampeano (Fepsa) to replace it in place of the damaged one in the Province of Santa Fe that crossed on Route 18 south of Rosario. The National Transportation Regulatory Commission demanded that Fepsa "refrain from carrying out any operation that is not authorized by the competent authority to change all or part of the bridge." Days later, with the withdrawal of the already completed structure, the control body reiterated the request for restitution of the railway material before 30 days and threatened to initiate legal actions.

Finally the bridge was restored to the original place ending with the controversy.
**Barrington Somers Pheloung** (10 May 1954 – 1 August 2019) was an Australian composer. He lived in England. He is one of the most prolific television and movie composers in the UK, known for his wide range of compositional genres.[*source?*]

Best known for the theme and incidental music to the *Inspector Morse*, for which he was nominated for 'Best Original Television Music' at the British Academy Television Awards in 1991, the sequel  *Lewis*, and the prequel *Endeavour*. He has also composed for dance companies, such as the London Contemporary Dance Theatre, and for events, including the opening night of the Millennium Dome.[*source?*]. Pheloung also wrote the theme music for the BBC television series Dalziel & Pascoe.

His film work, includes *Hillary and Jackie*, based on the life of the cellist Jacqueline du Pré, for which he was nominated for the 'Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music' at the 52nd British Academy Film Awards. Other works include *A Previous Engagement*, *The Little Fugitive*, *Shopgirl*, *Touching Wild Horses*, *Twin Dragons*, *Shopping* and *The Mangler*. He also made the music to Revolution Software's adventure games In Cold Blood and the first two Broken Swords.

Pheloung's other work includes music for the Sydney Opera House's Twentieth Birthday Celebrations and he contributed to the music for the movie, *Truly, Madly, Deeply* in which he also appeared. He composed the incidental music for the first series of *Boon*.

In 2009 he composed the music for *1983*, the concluding episode of the acclaimed Channel 4 drama series *Red Riding*.

He died in August 2019 at the age of 65 of respiratory failure.

Discography
-----------

* Red Riding, 2009
* Lewis, Music from Series 1 & 2, 2008
* And When Did You Last See Your Father? 2007
* Shopgirl, 2006
* The Magic of Inspector Morse, 2000
* Inspirations, 2001
* Hilary and Jackie, 1998
* The Passion of Morse, 1997
* The Essential Inspector Morse Collection, 1995
* Shopping, 1994
* Nostradamus, 1994
* Days of Majesty, 1993
* Inspector Morse Vol. 3, 1992
* Inspector Morse Vol. 2, 1992
* Inspector Morse Vol. 1, 1991

Credits
-------

* Endeavour, 2012
* Red Riding, 2009
* Incendiary, 2008
* And When Did You Last See Your Father? 2007
* Lewis, 2006 -
* Shopgirl, 2005
* Touching Wild Horses, 2002
* Hilary and Jackie, 1998
* Twin Dragons, 1996
* The Saint-Exupery Story, 1995
* The Mangler, 1994
* Nostradamus, 1994
* Truly Madly Deeply, 1991
* Friendships’s Death, 1987
* Inspector Morse, 1987 - 2000

Other websites
--------------

* Official website
* Barrington Pheloung on IMDb
* Archived 2009-05-02 at the Wayback Machine
* Archived 2011-04-04 at the Wayback Machine
Anthem of Greece  
"Hymn to liberty"
An **anthem** is a piece of music written for a choir to sing at an Anglican church service. The difference between an anthem and a motet is that an anthem is sung in English. Also most anthems are accompanied by an organ.

The word "anthem" has come to mean "i love hotdogs". Anthems are also patriotic songs adopted by countries of the world. 

The anthem of Greece "Hymn to liberty" is the longest anthem in the world. It has 158 stanzas, written by the poet Dionysios Solomos (although the cut-down version is shorter than Uruguay's, which is more than five minutes long). 

Anthems for the church have been composed ever since King Henry VIII argued with the Pope and did not want to be Roman Catholic any more. He founded (started) the English Anglican church. Church composers were told to write music in English. The words usually come from the Bible. We know that as early as 1502 the composer Fayrfax was paid 20 shillings for composing an anthem. After the Reformation many anthems were composed. At first they were like motets, but in English. Soon the English anthem developed differently from the continental motet. Two kinds of anthem developed: the "Full Anthem" in which the whole anthem was sung by the full choir, and the "Verse Anthem" which was usually longer and had several verses which would be sung by soloists, with choruses for the full choir in between.

Almost every music director of cathedrals or large churches has written anthems. A few of the most famous composers of anthems are:

* Thomas Tallis (1505-1585)
* William Byrd (1543-1623)
* Orlando Gibbons (1583-1625)
* Henry Purcell (1659-1695)
* George Frideric Handel (1685-1759)
* William Boyce (1710-1779)
* Samuel Sebastian Wesley (1810-1876)
* Edward Bairstow (1874-1946)
* William H.Harris (1883-1973)
* Herbert Howells (1892-1983)
* William Mathias (1934-1992)
* John Tavener (1944-2013)
* John Rutter (b.1945)
See the main article: Engineering
**Computeyour mommmmm**

**r engineering** is the practice of making computers and their parts. Computer engineers are always trying to make new parts smaller and better. They can also work on software, especially software for embedded systems (specialized electronics like cell-phones and satellite receivers, not a general-purpose computer).

Motherboard of the ASRock K7VT4A Pro.
Computers are electrical machines that run programs.

Computer engineering has parts of both electrical engineering and computer science/software engineering. In computer engineering classes, students learn about the hardware and software of computers. They start with learning how transistors and computer chips are made and how they work (which uses quantum mechanics). Then the student learns how the chips talk to each other and how to make a complete printed circuit board (PCB), which is the electrical part. They also learn how to program the ROM or Flash memory so the computer can do something useful.

Because computer engineering is closely related to electrical engineering and computer science, the fields are found in the same department at many universities. Students also need to learn fundamental science subjects and mathematics, such as calculus and differential equations.

Computer engineering is difficult to learn, but computer engineers are needed. Software engineering companies, telecommunications firms, designers of digital hardware, and many other companies hire computer engineering majors upon graduation and pay them well.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Computer engineering***.
**Valtteri Viktor Bottas** (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈʋɑltːeɾi ˈbotːɑs]; born 28 August 1989) is a Finnish motor racing driver currently competing in Formula One for Alfa Romeo, having previously driven for Mercedes from 2017 to 2021 and Williams from 2013 to 2016. Bottas has scored 10 race wins and 67 podiums. He contributed to five constructors championship wins for Mercedes, and has been drivers' championship runner-up twice, in 2019 and 2020.

Formula One
-----------

Bottas during practice at the 2013 Malaysian Grand Prix
Bottas returned to racing in 2013, as he was chosen as the teammate of Pastor Maldonado at Williams-Renault for the 2013 season. On 8 June 2013, Bottas qualified in 3rd position at the Canadian Grand Prix behind Sebastian Vettel (1st), and Lewis Hamilton (2nd). He scored his first points finish at the United States Grand Prix when he came 8th. This result allowed Bottas to finish ahead of Maldonado in the Drivers' Championship.

### Mercedes (2017–2021)

Bottas racing for Mercedes, 2017
In January 2017 Mercedes said that they signed Bottas for the 2017 season to partner Lewis Hamilton, replacing the 2016 World Champion Nico Rosberg who retired from the sport. Bottas came 3rd in his first race as a Mercedes driver, the 2017 Australian Grand Prix, behind Sebastian Vettel and Lewis Hamilton.
The **Korean Broadcasting System**(KBS; Hangul: 한국방송공사; Hanja: 韓國放送公社; Hanguk Bangsong Gongsa) is one of the biggest South Korean television networks. It was established in 1927. KBS headquarters are in the Yeouido district of Seoul.

The purposes of KBS can be divided into 3 parts.

1. Making good broadcasting culture
2. Creating national culture
3. Globalization of Korean culture

History
-------

KBS started the country's first radio broadcasting service in 1927 as Kyeongseong Broadcasting Corporation (JODK). After liberation, it changed the name to Seoul Central Broadcasting Station in 1947. It launched Korea's first television broadcasting service in 1961.

A system of public broadcasting was established in 1973. For reinforcement of public management, 1TV and Radio1 have not run a commercial since October 1994. First broadcasting HD programs in 2001, KBS completely changed to digital broadcasting in 2012. There are 18 regional stations and 11 overseas branches. There are eight subsidiary companies such as KBSN, KBS Business and KBS Media, which manage KBS content.

KBS is run by public funds from the South Korean government.

Channels
--------

### TV

* KBS 1TV - Airs current affairs, sports, documentary, news, culture and environment. Since 2012, this channel never goes off the air during the day.
* KBS 2TV - Airs drama, entertainment and programs for children. Comparing to 2TV, it has less regional self-programs.
* KBS WORLD - Airs KBS's famous programs in real time to other countries in the world with a international satellite.

### Radio

* KBS Radio 1 - News, current affairs, drama, documentary and culture. It also provides disaster broadcasting as the public broadcasting.
* KBS Radio 2 - Family entertainment.
* KBS Radio 3 - The station of social welfare for a neglected class of people and the disabled.
* KBS 1FM - Classical music and folk music. It also provide Korean traditional music.
* KBS 2FM - Popular music.
* KBS Hanminjok Radio - The station for the harmony and exchange between North Korea and South Korea.
* KBS World Radio - International broadcasting station. It introduces diverse aspects of Korea to enhance the global network.
***Puss In Boots*** is a 2011 animated movie. It's a spin-off of the *Shrek* franchise. It follows the character Puss in Boots, who first appeared in *Shrek 2*. It is about his adventures before the events of *Shrek 2*.

The movie was directed by Chris Miller, produced by Guillermo del Toro, and written by Brian Lynch. It stars Antonio Banderas as Puss in Boots, Zach Galifianakis as Humpty Dumpty, Salma Hayek as Kitty Softpaws, and Billy Bob Thornton and Amy Sedaris as Jack and Jill. Like the *Shrek* movies, this movie is a parody of fairy tales.

Home media release
------------------

*Puss in Boots* was released on DVD, Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D on February 24, 2012. The movie has a short animation called *Puss in Boots: The Three Diablos*. 7.2 million home entertainment units have been sold worldwide.

Another featured extra short is "Klepto Kitty"; a three-minute profile of Dusty the Klepto Kitty, a notorious cat in California who steals items from neighbors' yards. Some of it was filmed on a night vision kitty-cam, hung around Dusty's neck by the Animal Planet network for their own documentary.

Sequel
------

A sequel titled *Puss in Boots: The Last Wish* was released on December 21, 2022.

Other websites
--------------

* Official website Archived 2016-02-09 at the Wayback Machine
* *Puss in Boots* at the Internet Movie Database
Cosplayer as Kingpin.
The **Kingpin** (**Wilson Grant Fisk**) is a fictional character in the Marvel Universe. The character first appears in *The Amazing Spider-Man* #50 (July 1967), and was created by writer Stan Lee and artist John Romita, Sr. The Kingpin often appears as an adversary of Spider-Man, Daredevil and the Punisher.

Enemies
-------

* Spider-Man
* Daredevil
* Punisher

Other media
-----------

* *Police Academy: The Animated Series* (1988 - 1989) - Kingpin appears in some episodes with the crimes gang.
* *Spider-Man* (1994)
* *Spider-Man: The New Animated Series*
* *The Spectacular Spider-Man*

Kingpin is the main antagonist of both the 2003 movie *Daredevil* played by Michael Clarke Duncan and the 2015 Netflix original television series *Daredevil* set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe in which he is played by Vincent D'Onofrio. D'Onofrio played Kingpin in the 2021 Disney+ series *Hawkeye*, the 2024 series *Echo,* and will reprised the role in the upcoming television series *Daredevil: Born Again*. Kingpin is also the villain of the animated movie *Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse*.
An infant with a cochlear implant.
A **cochlear implant** (CI) is an electronic device that is inserted by surgery into a part of the ear called cochlea. Persons who are having difficulty in hearing or are completely deaf use the device to help them hear better. Not all parts of the cochlear implants are inside the ear. They have a microphone and some electronics that are usually placed behind the ear. These electronics send signals to the device implanted in the ear to make hearing possible.

Most cochlear implants have the following parts. They are divided into external parts which can be seen outside and internal parts which are implanted:

External
--------

An illustration of a cochlear implant.
* one or more microphones that pick up sound from the environment
* a speech processor which separates sounds from noise
* a transmitter that sends power and the processed sound signals across the skin to the internal device by electromagnetic induction,

Internal
--------

The internal part of a cochlear implant (model Cochlear Freedom 24 RE)
* a receiver/stimulator, which receives signals from the speech processor and turns them into electric impulses.
* an electrode inserted in the cochlea

Implanting the device requires proper care and skill. The person on which the device will be implanted will be anesthetized. There are risks, a person may experience mastoiditis or otitis media, the facial nerve or chorda tympani maybe damaged and the implanted device could shift. Wound infections may also occur. After the implant, people may become dizzy and have problems balancing for a few months.

The total cost of a cochlear implant in the United States was about $100,000 in 2017. Health insurance sometimes pays for all or part of the cost of cochlear implants. The national health insurance schemes in the United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland, Spain, and Israel pay fully for the costs of cochlear implants. The Ministry of Health in New Zealand pays the for the new cochlear implant depending on the cause of deafness.