recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
A view of cancerous growths in the airway of the left lung, as seen through a bronchoscope.**Bronchoscopy** is a medical procedure which is used to look at the inside of a person's airway's. It can be used to see the inside of the trachea, and the bronchi and bronchioles within the lungs. There are three types of bronchoscopy: rigid, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy and CT virtual bronchoscopy (CTVB).

Rigid bronchoscopy
------------------

Rigid bronchoscopy is a straight rigid tube used to see into the trachea and proximal bronchi. It is usually done in an operating room under general anesthesia. It is usually used when there is a blockage in either the trachea or the primary bronchi. The diameter of the tube is large enough to insert instruments to remove obstructions.

Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy
--------------------------------

During the procedure, a thin, flexible fiberoptic tube called a bronchoscope. is passed through the nose or mouth nose into the airways. The bronchoscope has a light and a camera which lets the doctor see into the airway.

A doctor using a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope to explore the airways.

CT virtual bronchoscopy
-----------------------

This technique uses data from multiple CT scans to create a three dimensional (3D) image. This allows doctors to see what is going on without having to operate.

Video of a flexible bronchoscopic examination of airways in the right lung.The use of a rigid bronchoscope.Virtual bronchoscopy at the level of the larynx.
28°32′N 177°04′E﻿ / ﻿28.53°N 177.07°E﻿ / 28.53; 177.07

*Byers-In* along with other phantom islands northwest of Hawaii on a JRO globe around 1960
*Byer or* *Patrocinio* in Stieler's hand atlas from 1891, northwest of it *Morell*, each with question marks
Benjamin Morrell writes that he landed on an island he called **Byers Island,** on 12th July 1825**.** According to Morrell, this island was at a position of 28 degrees 32 minutes North, and 177 degrees 4 seconds East. He writes about this, in his book *A narrative of four voyages*.

This island is a phantom island, and does not exist. Just before, he visited Pearl and Hermes Reef, and gives exact positions for the reef. It can therefore be excluded, that he landed on Kure, and gave a wrong position for it.

Byers is the name of the owner of the ship, and one of Morrell's employers.This is another hint that Morrell may be the source of the hoax. According to Burton R. Pollin, Morrells ghostwriter was the magazine editor and playwright Samuel Woodworth.

So even though Morrell may not be the source of this and other false items in his work, he certainly knew about them. He knew about the "rectified" content of his book.

Morrell sacrificed his scientific reputation in order to be able to increase the sales of his book.

The official maritime manual of 1899 already lists Byer island and Morrell Island as doubtful.

Despite this, globes of 1960s still show the islands, along four other phantom islands, northwest of Kure.

Reference works
---------------

* Henry M. Stommel: *Lost Islands.* *The Story of Islands That Have Vanished from Nautical Charts.* University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver 1984, ISBN 978-0-7748-0210-9 .
Bình Dương province
**Bình Dương** is a province in the Southeast region of Vietnam. Bình Dương's current capital is Thủ Dầu Một the seventh largest province in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Bình Dương has traditional villages, such as wood carving, pottery and lacquer painting. Since ancient times, art pottery, lacquerware and sculpture of Bình Dương have participated in international fairs and also exported to France and many countries in the region.

When the August Revolution broke out, the province commissioned a general uprising to seize power in Bình Dương and establish a provincial People's Committee. In mid-September, the provincial People's Committee changed its name to the Provincial Resistance Administrative Committee. At the end of September 1945, the British-French alliance opened fire to recapture the South. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam in South Vietnam decides the South resistance. Implementing the policy of "dissolving" of the Communist Party of Vietnam. On 11 November 1945 the provincial Party Committee also proceeded to "dissolve", actually developing the revolutionary movement under the name Việt Minh.
**Castilleja** is an all-girls school in Palo Alto, California. It was founded in 1907 by Mary Lockey.  Castilleja is the only non-religious all-girls middle and high school in theSan Francisco Bay Area. It goes from grades 6-12. Each grade has an average of 60 students. The school’s motto is "Women Learning. Women Leading."

The schedule
------------

The schedule for the school rotates on a 5-day basis from Monday to Friday. Each class connects with a number. On any given day, there might be a different combination of numbers. The school day starts at 8:00 AM and 3:15 PM. Every Wednesday, there is something called Late Start. This means that the school day starts one hour later.

Uniform
-------

Every girl at Castilleja is required to wear a school uniform. There is a blue skirt or navy blue pants, and either a navy, red, or white polo. For the fitness class, the girls have to wear black shorts or leggings and a uniform shirt.

Middle School
-------------

The girls learn multiple subjects in middle school. Middle school goes through 6th, 7th, and 8th grade. Every student learns a language. They can learn either Spanish, French, or Mandarin. They take Fitness and Wellness. They learn physical and mental lessons. The students also are required to take English, history, math, and science. Each subject class consists of 14-15 students and one or two teachers.

High School
-----------

The high schoolers can take a variety of classes, available on a course catalog. Classes vary depending on the level. Students can take APs or regular level courses.
Coordinates: 48°11′29″N 16°22′51″E﻿ / ﻿48.191439°N 16.380787°E﻿ / 48.191439; 16.380787

Upper Belvedere
North side of the Upper Belvedere Palace
The **Belvedere Palace** is a building in Vienna, Austria. It has two Baroque palaces (the Upper and Lower Belvedere), the Orangery, and the Palace Stables. The buildings are in a Baroque park landscape. It is in the third district in the city. The Belvedere museum is here. The grounds have many sculpture and iron gates. The Baroque palace was as a summer home for Prince Eugene of Savoy.

Gallery
-------

* Upper BelvedereUpper Belvedere
* Upper BelvedereUpper Belvedere
* Lower BelvedereLower Belvedere
* Gates of BelvedereGates of Belvedere
* Upper BelvedereUpper Belvedere
* Upper Belvedere interiorUpper Belvedere interior
* Belvedere GardensBelvedere Gardens
* Sphinx sculptures, Belvedere GardensSphinx sculptures, Belvedere Gardens
* Belvedere GardensBelvedere Gardens
* Lower BelvedereLower Belvedere
* View of Lower Belvedere from the topView of Lower Belvedere from the top
* Lower Belvedere OrangeryLower Belvedere Orangery
* Upper Belvedere Entrance, 2015Upper Belvedere Entrance, 2015

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Belvedere***.

* Official website (in German and English)
* Belvedere at Google Cultural Institute

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The basics of batting
Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar is the only player to complete more than 30,000 runs in international cricket. Photo shows him getting ready to face a delivery.
In the sport of cricket, **batting** is the act or skill of hitting the cricket ball with a cricket bat. It is done to score runs or prevent the loss of one's wicket. 
Any player who is currently batting is called a **batter** even if they are better in any other skills in cricket. Batters have to adapt to various conditions when playing on different cricket pitches, especially in different countries. A top-level batter has good reflexes, decision-making and strategy with excellent physical batting skills.

During an innings two members of the batting side are on the pitch. The one facing the current delivery from the bowler is called 'the striker', while the other is the non-striker. When a batter is out, he is replaced by a teammate. This continues until the end of the innings or until 10 of the team members are out. After the batting of first team is over the other team gets a turn to bat.

Batting tactics and strategy depends on the type of match being played. It also depends on the current state of play. Batters try to score many runs quickly without losing their wicket. To score quickly, risky shots must be played which increases the chances of batters being out. Batters’ safest choice is to guard the stumps but this may result in scoring fewer runs.

As with all other cricket statistics, batting statistics and records are given much attention. It helps to know how effectively a batter is playing. The main statistic for batting is a player's batting average. This is calculated by dividing the number of runs he has scored by the number of times he has been out (dismissed).
**Bitis** is a genus of venomous vipers found in Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula. This group contains the largest and smallest vipers in the world. There are currently 14 species found. Bitis are commonly known as the "African Adders", or the "African Viper".

Description
-----------

Both the largest viper, and the smallest viper in the world belong in this group. The largest viper, the Gaboon Viper, grows up to the length of 2 meters, while the smallest viper, the Namaqua Dwarf Adder, grows up to the length of only 28 cm. All African Adders have wide, triangular heads, a large, rounded snout, and small eyes.

Where they live
---------------

The African Adders are found in Africa, and the southern Arabian Peninsula.

Behavior
--------

African Adders are terrestrial (meaning they live and are found on the ground), and ambush their prey. They are slow, and sluggish, but they can bite their prey or enemy with amazing speed. African Adders are known for when being disturbed inflating their body, and hissing loudly. All African Adders are viviparous, meaning they give live birth. They eat small rodents like mice and rats, birds, amphibians like frogs and toads, other snakes

Species
-------

* Puff Adder, *B. arietans*
* Berg Adder, *B. atropos*
* Horned Adder, *B. caudalis*
* Many-horned Adder, *B. cornuta*
* Gaboon Viper, *B. gabonica*
* Angolan Adder, *B. heraldica*
* Plain Mountain Adder, *B. inornata*
* Rhinoceros Viper, *B. nasicornis*
* Ethiopian Mountain Adder, *B. parviocula*
* Peringuey's Desert Adder, *B. peringueyi*
* Red Adder, *B. rubida*
* Namaqua Dwarf Adder, *B. schneideri*
* Kenya Horned Viper, *B. worthingtoni*
* Desert Mountain Adder, *B. xeropaga*
Tail of an RC helicopter, made of CFRP
**Carbon fiber reinforced plastic** (**CFRP** or **CRP**), is a very strong, light and expensive composite material or fiber-reinforced plastic. Similar to glass-reinforced plastic, one uses commonly the name of its reinforcing fibers (carbon fiber) for the composite material. The plastic is most often epoxy, but other plastics, such as polyester, vinyl ester or nylon, are also sometimes used. Some composites contain both carbon fiber and other fibres such as kevlar, aluminium and fiberglass reinforcement. Less commonly, the terms **graphite-reinforced plastic** or **graphite fiber reinforced plastic** (**GFRP**) are also used.

It has many applications in aerospace and automotive fields, as well as in sailboats, and notably in modern bicycles and motorcycles, where these qualities are of importance. It is becoming increasingly common in small consumer goods as well, such as laptop computers, tripods, fishing rods, paintball equipment, racquet sports frames, stringed instrument bodies, classical guitar strings, and drum shells.

Related pages
-------------

* Carbon fiber
* Graphite
* Aramid
* Fiberglass

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Carbon fiber reinforced plastic***.

* Japan Carbon Fibre Manufacturers Association (English)
* Carbon fibre page from the Department of Polymer Science at USM
* Engineers design composite bracing system for injured Hokie running back Cedric Humes
A **breeches role** is a part in an opera in which a woman plays the role of a man. It is also called a **trouser role** (British) or **pants role** (U.S.) or **travesti role** (the Italian word). It is called a breeches role because breeches are tight-fitting, knee-length trousers. These used to be worn by men at the time that breeches roles became popular. Sometimes breeches roles are in plays, but they are usually in opera.

Breeches roles are usually female singers acting the role of a young man. They are normally sung by mezzo-sopranos or contraltos with light voices because they can often sound boyish. In the 17th and 18th centuries it was normal to have actors and actresses who cross-dressed. It was the time when castrato singers were popular. These castrati were men pretending to be women, but there were also women pretending to be men (especially when the actress was trying to deceive another character) and the audiences were used to this kind of thing. As they gradually stopped the horrible practice of castrating young boys in the late 18th century these male characters started to be sung by mezzo-sopranos instead.

Mozart wrote an opera called *The Marriage of Figaro*. In this opera the role of Cherubino, a young page boy, is sung by a mezzo-soprano. Other famous examples include the role of Siebel in Dvořák’s opera *Rusalka* and the role of Prince Orlofsky in Johann Strauss’s opera *Die Fledermaus*.

Composers from the 20th century do not usually have breeches roles in their operas. There is the role of Oktavian in Richard Strauss’s opera *Der Rosenkavalier* (1911), but this opera was deliberately trying to produce the old-fashioned atmosphere of Mozart’s time. Benjamin Britten wrote an opera called *Midsummer Night’s Dream*, based on Shakespeare’s play. There is no breeches role here. Instead, the part of Oberon is written for a countertenor: a man with a high, falsetto voice.

There is also a term called a **skirt role**. This is the opposite of a trouser role: it is a man acting the part of a woman. Benjamin Britten uses one in the role of the Madwoman in *Curlew River*. The witch in Humperdinck’s *Hansel and Gretel* is also sung by a man. In both cases it makes the characters more dramatic, but the first is very serious while the second is supposed to be humorous.
**Caersws** (Welsh: *Caersŵs*) is a village and community in Powys, a county in Wales. It is in the historic county of Montgomeryshire.

It is situated 5 miles (8 km) west of Newtown and is halfway between Aberystwyth and Shrewsbury, England.

The 2011 census found that the community had a population of 1,586 people and the village itself had a population of just over 800 people. The community includes the settlements of Clatter, Llanwnnog and Pontdolgoch.

Transport
---------

The village has a railway station on the Cambrian Line between Shrewsbury and Aberystwyth and Pwllheli. The station is served by Transport for Wales trains that head west to Aberystwyth and Pwllheli and trains that head east to Shrewsbury. Most of the trains that head east from the station continue past Shrewsbury and end at Birmingham International.

Gallery
-------

* Caersws Post OfficeCaersws Post Office
* A bridge over the River Severn in CaerswsA bridge over the River Severn in Caersws
* Houses in CaerswsHouses in Caersws
* Caersws railway station buildingCaersws railway station building

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A mineral form of cadmium sulfide
**Cadmium sulfide** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CdS. It has cadmium and sulfide ions in it.

Properties
----------

Cadmium sulfide is a yellow orange solid. It does not dissolve in water. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to make hydrogen sulfide and cadmium chloride. It is used in an odd reaction where cadmium sulfide is sprinkled into a sulfide solution and light is shined on it. It starts making small amounts of hydrogen gas.

Occurrence
----------

Cadmium sulfide is only found in two rare minerals. It is normally made artificially.

Preparation
-----------

 cadmium sulfide powder
Cadmium sulfide is made several different ways. Cadmium salts, normally the sulfate or the chloride (cadmium chloride), are reacted with hydrogen sulfide to make a bright yellow cadmium sulfide solid. When it is made for pigment, the cadmium sulfide is then washed, heated (to change it into the right form), and ground to a powder. It is then mixed with paint.

Uses
----

Cadmium sulfide is used as a yellow pigment. Cadmium yellow is the name of the pigment. If selenide is added during the roasting process (seen above in "preparation" section), it can make an orange or a yellow pigment. Cadmium sulfide is a good pigment because it does not break down easily, is very bright, and does not react with air like other pigments can. It is toxic, though. 

It is also used in photoresistors that are sensitive to infrared and red light. Cadmium sulfide is found around some bacteria that reduce sulfate to sulfide.

Related pages
-------------

* Cadmium telluride, semiconductor
* Mercury sulfide, bright red pigment, too toxic to be used
* Zinc sulfide, phosphor
A **bye** in sports and other competitive activities can have two different meanings. Both mean that a participant in a competition is not required to compete while most of the other participants are. Its main use is in tournament competitions. In single-elimination tournaments, when there are an odd number of participants, a bye allows one or more to play in a later round. Other types of eliminator tournaments may also include a bye for others reasons. An example would be as a reward for the best ranked team(s).

In round-robin tournaments where there are an odd number of competitors, usually one gets a bye in each round. However, over the whole tournament, each team plays the same number of games.

Similar to the round-robin context, in leagues where most teams play on the same days during regular-season play, a team that does not play on a given day is said to be on bye. In sports that are played weekly, especially gridiron football, a team that does not play at all during a given week is said to be on its **bye week**. For example, during the regular football Season in the NFL, each team gets a week off (bye week) during the regular season.
Byblos
Jeita Grotto
**Byblos** is the Greek name of the Phoenician city **Gebal** (Greek: Βύβλος; Hebrew: גְבַל; earlier **Gubla/Phoenician**:𐤂𐤁𐤋). It is said to be the oldest city in the world (according to the ancient historian Philo of Byblos).

Abraham River
Old Souk
Qartaba
Faraya

History Of Byblos
-----------------

Byblos
Byblos is a city located in Lebanon. It is called Byblos by the Greeks. The word Byblos appears in the Bible under the name Gebal. Gebal means mountains. The Greeks took the name of Byblos as their word for books, and from their word for books named the bible.

Byblos

Interesting Places
------------------

There are a lot interesting places in Byblos. The most important ones are Old Souk, Qartaba, Faraya, Abraham River, Jeita Grotto and Byblos Wax Museum. Old souk is a place where you find everything old and with a cheap price. Qartaba is a village in byblos, Qartaba means good, curing and balanced weather. In winter Faraya has a cold climate and snow, Faraya means "The land of fruits and vegetables". Abraham River is a small river also called Adonis, Adonis means "The God Of Love". Jeita Grotto is one of the most beautiful places to visit. Byblos Wax Museum is a wax museum that present historical people and everything old.

Further reading
---------------

*Je m'appelle Byblos*, Jean-Pierre Thiollet, H & D, 2005. ISBN 2-914-266-04-9
**George Everette "Bud" Day** (24 February 1925 – 27 July 2013) was a United States Air Force officer, aviator, and veteran of World War II, Korean War and Vietnam War. He was also a prisoner of war, and recipient of the Medal of Honor and the Air Force Cross. As of 2016[update], he is the only person to be awarded both the Medal of Honor and the Air Force Cross. After his death, he was advanced to the rank of brigadier general effective March 27, 2018, as directed by the 2017 National Defense Authorization Act.

Colonel "Bud" Day served 30 months in the South Pacific during WW II as an enlisted member with the US Marine Corps. He served as an Army reservist, and Army guardsman between WW II and Korea, and then in the Air Force during the Vietnam War (3 different services over the span of 3 different wars.) After being shot down on August 26, 1967, and serving 7 years in captivity, Colonel Day was repatriated in 1973. A recipient of virtually every other available combat decoration, he is widely considered the most decorated Airman in history. His autobiography is titled "Return With Honor" and he later expanded upon that book in a second autobiography titled "Duty, Honor, Country."

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**Bank of Hong Kong Limited**, **BOHK**, is a smaller part of Bank of Hong Kong Holdings. It is the second-largest commercial banking group in Hong Kong in terms of how much money and property it has and how much money its customers have in the bank. It had around 197 branches in Hong Kong as of end 2016. It is also one of the three commercial banks licensed by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority to issue banknotes for the Hong Kong dollar.

BOHK is also the biggest member and a founder of the JETCO ATM and payment system. It is the official clearing bank in Hong Kong for exchanges of money or property involving the Renminbi (RMB / CNH).

BOHK was established on October 1, 2001 from a merger of 12 smaller and associate banks in Hong Kong, including the Bank of Communications, China & South Sea Bank, China State Bank Limited, Hua Chiao Commercial Bank, Kincheng Banking Corporation, Kwangtung Provincial Ban, National Commercial Bank Limited, National Industrial Bank of China, Sin Hua Bank Limited, Wo Sang Bank, Yien Yieh Commercial Bank, and Young Brothers Banking Corporation, and listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in October 2002. As of the end of 2016, the bank had HK$2,327 billion in assets and operating profit of HK$29 billion. Its head office is in the Bank of Hong Kong Tower in Central, Hong Kong. The head office, completed in 1988, and was the first building outside of North America to be more than 1,000 feet (300 m) high.
**Battersea Dogs & Cats Home** is the United Kingdom's oldest and most famous home for dogs and cats. It is in the Battersea area of London, England. The home gets its money from donations.

History
-------

Battersea Dogs & Cats Home was started in Holloway in 1860 by Mary Tealby. Its name was Temporary Home for Lost and Starving Dogs. In 1871 it moved to Battersea. Its name was changed because of this. In 1885, Queen Victoria became Patron of the home. The television show *For the Love of Dogs* is mostly filmed at Battersea. There are Battersea centres in Old Windsor, Berkshire and Brands Hatch, Kent as well as in Battersea.

Mission
-------

The home has a goal to never turn away a dog or cat in need of help. It reunites lost dogs and cats with their owners. When they can not do this, the home cares for them until a new home can be found for them. It also aims to educate the public about responsible pet ownership.

Other websites
--------------

* Official Website
* Battersea Dogs & Cats Home, Registered Charity no. 206394 at the Charity Commission
* Independent – *The curious incident of the hungry dog in the night-time*
**Cecil** was a rock band from Liverpool, England.

History
-------

### Formation

Cecil formed in Liverpool in 1993. The members were Ste Williams (vocals), Patrick Harrison (guitar), Ally Lambert (drums), Anthony Hughes (guitar and keyboards), and Jay Bennett (bass).

### First concert

The band took part in a "Battle of the Bands". It was sponsored by Liverpool Echo who later tried to stitch the band up by putting them on the front cover under the title "Bulger Band", a reference to their song No Excuses that they believed, incorrectly, to be about the murder of toddler James Bulger. The band never spoke to the Liverpool Echo again. The band signed a manangement contract with Raymond Coffer. They later signed with the record label Parlophone (EMI). They released their first single "No Excuses" with Parlophone in October 1995.

### Tours

The band spent the end of 1995 and most of 1996 playing concerts in much of the United Kingdom. They played with such bands as The Levellers, Skunk Anansie, and Paw. They also played in music festivals at Donnington and T in the Park. During this time, they released their second single "My Neck", which was backed with an acoustic track and a piano version of the single, giving a hint of the direction they were heading in for the recording of their 2nd record.

### First album

In 1996, their first album *Bombar Diddlah* was getting good reviews. It was produced by Barrett Jones of Foo Fighters.

### Later history

Cecil spent most of 1997 writing songs, touring with the band Mansun and making their music sound even better. The changes could particularly be heard in the sound of Ste Williams' vocals. By the end of 1997, their new sound could be heard in their new release "Red Wine At Dead Time". They released a second album in 1998, "Subtitles". It did not sell as well as hoped. The band spent the next few years writing and touring sporadically, finally relocating to Seattle in 2001 to work on a third album with long time cohort Barrett Jones. After a productive 2-month stint, straight after the 9/11 bombings, the band went back home to write more songs and booked to go into Stone Gossard's (Pearl Jam) Studio Litho with Barrett to record the rest of the third record. This never happened after being dropped from their label.The band went their separate ways in March 2002 and remain firm friends, occasionally reuniting for off the cuff live shows in their native Liverpool.

Discography
-----------

### Albums

* Bombar Diddlah (1996)
* Subtitles (1998)

### Singles

* "No Excuses" (1995)
* "My Neck" (1996)
* "Measured" (1996)
* "Red Wine at Dead Time" (1997)
* "Hostage in a Frock" (1997)
* "The Most Tiring Day" (1998)

### EPs

* "Canyon EP" (2000)
* "Missile EP" (2001)
The **Battle of Troina** was a battle that happened between 31 July and 6 August 1943. It was part of the Allied invasion of Sicily during World War II. Forces of the United States II Corps, part of the U.S. Seventh Army, had violent battles around the town of Troina. It is in the central portion of Sicily along the Caronie Mountains.

The battle was in the hills and mountains surrounding Troina. The Germans had fortified positions. They hid in these positions and fired weapons at the Allies

Background
----------

On 29 July 1943, after 20 days of fighting in Sicily, the Germans realized that the Allies would capture Sicily. The Germans also realized that 80,000-100,000 American and British troops would break through the Etna Line.

The U.S. 7th Army commander, Lieutenant General George S. Patton Jr, had ordered the U.S. 1st and 9th Infantry Divisions to attack the city of Troina. Troina was one of the main parts of the Etna Line. It was defended by the 15th Panzer Grenadier Division commanded by Generalleutnant Eberhard Rodt.

It was also defended by four battalions of General di Divisione Giacomo Romano's 28 Infantry Division Aosta. The Axis forces were in deep trenches.

The battle
----------

The Battle of Troina began on 31 July, when the 39th Infantry Regiment advanced towards the Germans. The Germans fought off the attack. The Allies planned a bigger attack. The 1st Infantry Division was put with troops from the 9th Division and a French Moroccan infantry battalion. The Allies used 165 artillery pieces and Allied aircraft.

Over six days, the important hilltops were captured by the Allies, then recaptured by the Axis troops. The 26th Infantry Regiment was ordered to capture Monte Basilio two miles north of the town. From here, the regiment could stop the Axis troops from retreating. For the next two days the men on Monte Basilio had to hide from Axis artillery fire.

The Germans left Troina later that night. General Hube withdrew the damaged 15th Panzer Grenadier Division to Randazzo.

Afterwards
----------

The Allies had broken through the Etna Line. But the roads were filled with mines, so it was hard for the Allies to advance. General Hube withdrew his XIV Panzer Corps toward Messina.

Patton tried to attack the 29th Panzer Grenadier Division again on 11 August. He ordered Colonel Bernard to land his troops by sea at Brolo. Bernard's men surprised the Germans. However, Bernard did not have enough troops to beat the Germans. Most of the 29th Panzer Grenadier Division escaped.
**Caersws railway station** (Welsh: *Gorsaf reilffordd Caersŵs*) is a train station in the village of Caersws in Powys, Wales. It is managed by Transport for Wales and opened in 1863.

The station is on the Cambrian Line between Shrewsbury in England and Aberystwyth and Pwllheli.

It is notable as there is 22 miles (35 km) between this station and Machynlleth station, the longest distance between two intermediate stations in the whole of Wales.

The station is unstaffed, meaning that there are no members of staff that work at the station.

Services
--------

Transport for Wales manage the station and also run all the trains that stop there. Their trains run west to Aberystwyth and Pwllheli and east to Shrewsbury. The trains that run east usually continue past Shrewsbury and end at Birmingham International, the station that serves Birmingham Airport.

Trains from Caersws station are usually every two hours in each direction from Monday to Saturday, with some extra trains in the morning and evening for commuters travelling to and from work. On Sundays, trains also run every two hours, but there are fewer trains to Pwllheli.

Gallery
-------

* The station's ticket machineThe station's ticket machine
* A train to Birmingham at the stationA train to Birmingham at the station
A **bit** is a type of equipment that is put in a horse's mouth to help control it. It is attached to a bridle to hold it on the horse's head, and to reins which the rider holds and allows them to control and cue the horse. The mouthpiece of the bit is the part that goes into the horses mouth. It is usually made of metal, but may also be made of plastic or rubber.

There are many different types of bits, including snaffles, pelhams, and curb bits. They all work a little differently. Some bits are "softer" than others, meaning that a pull on it is gentler to the horse than a "harsh" bit. For example, bits with a smooth mouthpiece are soften than those with a twisted mouthpiece. Bits are not cruel when used correctly, but a rider that pulls too hard can hurt a horse's mouth, especially if they use a harsh bit. If a rider is inexperienced, they should ride with a softer bit so when they make mistakes they do not hurt the horse. Experienced riders who can follow the horse's mouth as the horse moves and give very slight cues can use bits that are harsher. They have the skill to use the bits for very fine control over the horse, without hurting it. 

Certain bits are commonly used in certain horse activities. For example, western style riding usually uses a curb bit. English style usually uses a type of snaffle, although certain horses may be put in a different type of bit. Saddleseat riding and high levels of dressage riding use a double bridle. This is a bridle that holds 2 bits. Each bit works a little differently so the rider can cue the horse to do different things. The rider must ride with 2 reins in each hand. This requires the rider to be skilled so they can handle both reins without confusing the horse.
In several Latin American countries, a ***cadena nacional*** (Spanish for national network; plural ***cadenas nacionales***), also referred to as a ***cadena oficial*** (Spanish for official network) or ***red voluntaria*** (Spanish for voluntary network) is a joint transmission through the media, generally radio and television stations, which aims to reach the largest number of inhabitants of a State. These types of broadcasts are usually of a political nature, since they are mostly messages from government authorities about different matters of general interest, as well as the transmission of electoral debates for the elections to the executive power of each country. 

The institutional characteristics of the national chain vary according to the legislation and customs of each country.  It may be a resource officially provided for in legislation or the name may be used informally, to describe a coordinated transmission. The coupling of the different media to the signal of the official chain can also be voluntary or compulsory.  Similarly, the national network can be used for different types of transmissions in addition to the official messages of the State authorities.

Criticism
---------

### Argentina

During the government of Cristina Kirchner, the number and frequency of *Cadenas Nacionales* increased, some media criticized their use as not limited to cases of "institutional significance".

The then National Senator for Citizen Unity Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, at the presentation of his book "Sinceramente" in Rosario (Argentina), said that "he does not regret the national channels, since otherwise the media would not have shown the public policies of the then President of Argentina". 

During the administration of the President Mauricio Macri, its use decreased.

### Chile

In Chile, during the period of the Popular Unity, some radio stations (mainly from the opposition), got off the *Cadenas Nacionales* to broadcast their normal programming. At that time they were mandatory.

### Honduras

Another similar situation was the opposition, on the part of the Honduran press, to broadcasting national channels during the government of President Manuel Zelaya, considering that "in the past the *cadena nacional* system was used constantly, mainly by the de facto governments, without satisfactory results".

### Venezuela

Mandatory national channels with political content have been strongly criticized by some media, since in some countries they must broadcast content that often differs from their editorial line. 

That was the case of the radio station RCTV in Venezuela, an opponent of Hugo Chávez, which refused to broadcast a message from the ruler in 2007, despite the fact that in said country there is a Law on Social Responsibility in Radio and Television, which obliges radio and television to broadcast information from the Executive Power. Currently, a *Cadena nacional* is broadcast almost every day, normally headed by Nicolás Maduro or Delcy Rodríguez.
**Cameron Mitchell** (November 4, 1918 - July 6, 1994), was an American actor.

Career
------

Born in Pennsylvania, U.S.. His first role was in a short movie *The Last Installment: A Crime Does Not Pay Subject* (1945), That same year he was cast in *What Next, Corporal Hargrove?* by Richard Thorpe. Also had a role in the movie *They Were Expendable* (1945), John Wayne. In 1948 he landed the role of Lieutenant Ansel Goldberg, in the classic war movie *Command Decision*, with Clark Gable.

The decade of 1950s was very good for Mitchell, working in many movies such as *Smuggler's Gold* (1951), the Sci Fi Movie *Flight to Mars* (1951). 

In the early 1960s, Mitchell has great success in Europe he starring in movies: *Erik the Conqueror* (1961) - *Caesar the Conqueror* (1962) - *Attack of the Normans* (1962) - *The Black Duke* (1963) -*Last Gun* (1964), *Minnesota Clay* (1964), *In the Shadow of the Eagles* (1966) - *I coltelli del vendicatore* (1966), *Island of the Doomed* (1967). 

In 1970 Mitchell starred in the cult movie *The Rebel Rousers*, with Jack Nicholson, and directed by Martin B. Cohen. He plays a man who is harassed by a motorcycle gang from hell.

He also co-starred in the movies: *Hombre* (1967), a western with Paul Newman, *The Other Side of the Wind* (1972), directed by Orson Welles, *Buck and the Preacher* (1973), with Sidney Poitier, *The Midnight Man* (1974), starring and directed by Burt Lancaster, and *The Klansman* (1974), with Lee Marvin.

In the decade of the 1980s, Mitchell starred only in low-budget movie. Among his movies of the 80s are *The Silent Scream* (1980), *The Nightmare Never Ends* (1980), *The Guns and the Fury* (1981), *The Tomb* (1986), with John Carradine, and *The Offspring* (1987), with Vincent Price.

Television
----------

In 1967 he was hired to play the role of Buck Cannon in *The High Chaparral*, with Leif Erickson as Big John Cannon. The series was a success and remained four seasons between 1967 and 1971.

He also worked in American television from its origins, in 1962, is the narrator of the TV series *The Beachcomber*. He was also guest starred in TV series *Colt .45*, *Wagon Train*, *The Untouchables*, *Bonanza*, *Daniel Boone*, *Cade's County*, *Alias Smith and Jones*, *Mission: Impossible*, *Night Gallery*, *Gunsmoke*, *Police Story*, *Magnum, P.I.*, *Matt Houston*, and others.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Cameron Mitchell***.

* Cameron Mitchell on IMDb
* Cameron Mitchell at AllMovie
* Cameron Mitchell at the Internet Broadway Database
* Cameron Mitchell at Find a Grave
**Catherine Roseanne "Cathy" Dennis** (born 25 March 1969) is a British singer-songwriter and record producer. She was born in Norfolk, Norwich, England. She had a moderately successful international singing career. Dennis later had great success as a writer of pop songs. She had eight number ones in the United Kingdom. She won five Ivor Novello Awards.

Career
------

In 2004, Dennis was 66th in the *Q Magazine* list of the Top 100 influential people in music. Two years later, she won the UK music industry's Woman of the Year Award.

Dennis first became successful as a vocalist in 1989 when "C'mon and Get My Love", a single with music producer D Mob, hit #15 on the UK Singles Chart and #10 on the United States' *Billboard Hot 100* that year.

From Dennis first studio album *Move to This*, she had three solo hits. They were "Just Another Dream" (UK #13, US #2), "Touch Me (All Night Long) (Dennis' cover of the Wish and Fonda Rae 1984 song) (UK #5, US #2) and "Too Many Walls" (UK #17, US #8).

In September 1992, Dennis released her second pop album, *Into the Skyline*. Three songs on the album were released: "You Lied to Me", "Falling" and "Irresistible". The first was released in August 1992. It got positive reviews from the music critics. It peaked at #32 on the United States *Billboard Hot 100*. "Irresistible" was released in September 1992. It didn't do as well as Dennis' earlier songs, though it was a Top 10 hit on the Adult Contemporary chart.

For her music, Dennis won Grammy and Billboard music awards. The earlier was for the dance recording "Come into My World" in 2003. The latter was for the #1 New Female Pop Artist.

Discography
-----------

* *Move to This* (1990)
* *Into the Skyline* (1992)
* *Am I the Kinda Girl?* (1996)
Beornwulf's defeat at the Battle of Ellandun marked the end of Mercian dominance
**Beornwulf** († 826) was a Mercian nobleman who became the King of Mercia. Although not of the Mercian royal family himself he usurped the throne from Ceolwulf in 823. He ruled Mercia until his death three years later.

King of Mercia
--------------

Little is known about Beornwulf's family. He played a large part in Ceolwulf I losing the throne in 823. He succeeded Ceolwulf as king in the summer of 823. Beornwulf continued the campaign against Powys started by Coenwulf and his brother Ceolwulf I. By the end of 823 Powys was being controlled by Mercia. By 825 Beornwulf had extended his authority over Kent, Essex and Middlesex. In 825 Beornwulf invaded Wessex. In what Frank Stenton called "one of the most decisive battles of Anglo-Saxon history" Egbert defeated Beornwulf at the Battle of Ellandun. This was the end of the Mercian kings dominating England. Egbert sent his son Athelwulf with an army to overthrow Baldred, the Mercian sub-king. As a result, all of Kent, Surrey, Sussex and East Anglia submitted to Egbert of Wessex. Egbert was cautious though. He kew Mercia had a powerful army and did not attack Mercia directly. Instead he instigated the East Anglians to revolt against Beornwulf. When Beornwulf tried to recover East Anglia in 826 he was killed in the attempt. He was succeeded by one of his ealdormen, Ludeca of Mercia.

Other websites
--------------

* The Kings of Mercia Archived 2014-07-08 at the Wayback Machine
**Cade Otton** (born April 15, 1999) is an American football player. He is a tight end. Otton was drafted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2022.

Otton attended Tumwater High School in Tumwater, Washington. As a senior, he was *The Olympian*’s All-Area Football Player of the Year after having 39 receptions for 733 yards with 13 touchdowns on offense and 107 tackles and three sacks on defense. After high school, he played college football at the University of Washington.

  

Otton was redshirted in 2017. He played in all 14 games in 2018. He started in 10 of those games He finished the year with 13 receptions for 174 yards and three touchdowns. As a sophomore in 2019, he started all 13 games. He had 32 receptions for 344 yards and two touchdowns. As a junior in 2020, he started all four games and had 18 receptions for 258 yards and three touchdowns. Otton decided to play his final year at Washington rather than enter the 2021 NFL Draft. During his senior year, he recorded all-time-low numbers. He was still ranked as a Top 10 Tight-End. Tampa Bay selected Cade Otton in the fourth round of the 2022 NFL draft.

During his career at Washington, Otton caught 76% of 113 passes to him. He averaged 11.5 yards per catch and had nine touchdowns.
Aznavour in June 2014
**Charles Aznavour** (22 May 1924 – 1 October 2018) was an Armenian-French singer, songwriter and actor. He was one of France's most popular and long lasting singers, and also one of the most well-known French singers in other countries.

Career
------

He appeared in more than 60 movies and written more than 1000 songs (including 150 in English, 100 in Italian, 70 in Spanish, and 50 in German).

He has sold over 100 million albums. Aznavour started his final tour in late 2006. Aznavour was born as Shahnour Vaghinag Aznavouryan in Paris, the son of Armenian immigrants Michael Aznavouryan & Knar Baghdasaryan. His parents introduced him to the world of theatre at an early age. He dropped out of school at the age of nine, already aspiring to the life of an artist. He began to perform at this time, and soon took the stage name "Aznavour" which he was know by for the rest of his career.

His big break came when the singer Edith Piaf heard him sing and arranged to take him with her on tour in France and to the USA. Aznavours voice is shaded towards the tenor range, but possesses the low range and coloration more typical of a baritone, contributing to his unique sound.

Death
-----

On 1 October 2018 it was announced that Aznavour had died at his home in the village of Mouriès in the south of France at the age of 94. An autopsy report said Aznavour died of cardiopulmonary arrest caused by pulmonary edema.

Film
----

* 1989: *Charles Aznavour Armenia 1989* Armenfilm ( Gyumri, Leninakan,Nostradamus, General Andranik, Sumgayit, Karabagh)

movie director Levon Mkrtchyan

Other websites
--------------

* Charles Aznavour on IMDb
* Official site Archived 2008-04-10 at the Wayback Machine
* Original discography, catalogue and discussion group Archived 2016-01-09 at the Wayback Machine (in French)
Bronchodilators
A **bronchodilator** is a substance that dilates (opens up) the bronchi and bronchioles which increases airflow to the lungs. Bronchodilators may be endogenous (originating naturally within the body), or they may be medications taken to treat breathing difficulties. They are most useful in obstructive lung diseases. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the most common such conditions. They are also used to treat respritory blockages that usaully occur when you have the common cold. They are well prescribed by doctors and are really common in house holds. Although this remains somewhat controversial, they might be useful in bronchiolitis and Bronchiectasis.They are often prescribed but of unproven significance in restrictive lung diseases.

Types of bronchodilators
------------------------

Bronchodilators are either short-acting or long-acting. Short-acting medications provide quick or "rescue" relief from acute bronchoconstriction. Long-acting bronchodilators help to control and prevent symptoms. They are used along with inhaled steroids for control of asthma symptoms on a long-term basis. The three types of prescription bronchodilating drugs are β2-agonists (short- and long-acting), anticholinergics (short-acting), and theophylline (long-acting).

Common bronchodilators
----------------------

The bronchodilators are divided in short- and long-acting groups:

### Short-acting bronchodilators

* Salbutamol/albuterol (Proventil or Ventolin)
* Levosalbutamol/levalbuterol (Xopenex)
* Pirbuterol (Maxair)
* Epinephrine (Primatene Mist now withdrawn)
* Racemic Epinephrine (Asthmanefrin, Primatene Mist Replacement)
* Ephedrine (Bronkaid)
* Terbutaline

### Long-acting bronchodilators

* Salmeterol (Serevent)
* Clenbuterol (Spiropent)
* Formoterol
* Bambuterol
* Indacaterol