recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
*The title of this article contains the character è. Where it is unavailable or not wanted, the name may be written as **Agnes Sorel**.*

**Agnès Sorel** (1421 – 9 February 1450), was a favourite mistress of King Charles VII of France. Charles VII was the father of her three daughters.

She was the subject of several contemporary paintings and works of art, including Jean Fouquet's *Virgin and Child Surrounded by Angels*.

Life in the royal court
-----------------------

Sorel was twenty years old when she was first introduced to King Charles. She was a very beautiful young woman, and was also of above-average intelligence. The French king immediately fell in love, and she soon became his mistress. The King gave her the Château de Loches (where he had been persuaded by Joan of Arc to be crowned King of France) as her private residence.

Sorel's presence was alleged to have brought the king out of a protracted depression.[*source?*] She had a very strong influence on the king, and that, in addition to her extravagant tastes, earned her a number of powerful enemies at court.

Suspicious death
----------------

Agnès Sorel was the model for this *Virgin and Child Surrounded by Angels*, by Jean Fouquet (c.1450)
Agnès gave birth to three daughters fathered by the King: Marie de France, Charlotte de France, and Jeanne de France. While pregnant with their fourth child, she journeyed from Chinon in deep midwinter to join Charles on the campaign of 1450 in Jumièges, wanting to be with him as moral support. There, she suddenly became ill and died at the age of 28. While the cause of death was originally thought to be dysentery. In 2005 French forensic scientist Philippe Charlier examined her remains and found that the cause of death was mercury poisoning. This did not mean Sorel was murdered, because mercury was sometimes used in cosmetic preparations and also to treat worms. this could therefore have been the reason for her death.

Sorel's cousin Antoinette de Maignelais took her place as mistress to the king after her death.

Agnès Sorel in the Arts
-----------------------

* Agnès Sorel plays a main part in Voltaire's epic *La Pucelle*.
* Two Russian operas from the late 19th century portray Agnès Sorel (and Charles VII) among the *dramatis personae*. These are Pyotr Tchaikovsky's *The Maid of Orleans* and César Cui's *The Saracen*.

Foods
-----

Woodcock salmis Agnès Sorel was a dish probably created by herself, but many chefs have name recipes after her because she was known to be interested in food

Publications
------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Agnès Sorel***.

* Duquesne, *Vie et Aventures galantes de la belle Sorel*, (Paris, 1909)
* Autheman, Marc, *Agnès Sorel: l'inspiratrice*,(2008), ISBN 978-2-84114-952-0

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**Gustaf Caspar Orm Skarsgård** (born 12 November 1980) is a Swedish actor. He is best known outside Scandinavia for his role as Floki in the History Channel series *Vikings* as well as for his roles in the movies *Evil* (2003), *The Way Back* (2010), *Kon-Tiki* (2012) and *Oppenheimer* (2023). He also played Karl Strand in the second season of the HBO series *Westworld*.

Early life
----------

Gustaf Skarsgård was born in Stockholm, Sweden, to Swedish actor Stellan Skarsgård and his first wife, My, a physician. He has five siblings: Alexander, Sam, Bill, Eija and Valter, and two half-brothers Ossian and Kolbjörn from his father's second wife, Megan Everett. Alexander, Bill, and Valter are also actors. His godfather is Swedish actor Peter Stormare.

Career
------

In 1989, as a nine-year-old, Gustaf Skarsgård acted in the Swedish Film *Codename Coq Rouge*. After attending Teaterhögskolan in Stockholm from 1999 to 2003, Gustaf Skarsgård joined the Royal Dramatic Theatre. He played in several of Shakespeare’s, Chekhov's and Söderberg’s works both on the Royal Dramatic Theatre and on Stockholm City Theatre. In 2003 he performed in *Evil* and 2008 in *Patrik 1,5*. For both roles he was nominated for the Guldbagge Awards as Best Supporting Actor and as Best Leading Actor. Finally, he received the prize as Best Leading Actor for his role in *Förortsungar*. In 2012, Skarsgård joined the History Channel's series *Vikings* in the role of Floki, the shipbuilder.

Personal life
-------------

Gustaf Skarsgård was in a long term relationship with actress Hanna Alström from 1999 to 2005.

Awards and distinctions
-----------------------

Skarsgård won a Guldbagge Awards for *Kidz In da Hood*. He won the European Film Academy’s Shooting Stars Award in 2007.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Gustaf Skarsgård***.

* Gustaf Skarsgård on IMDb
* Gustaf Skarsgård at the Swedish Film Database
***Der Dativ ist dem Genitv sein Tod*** (German: *the dative case is the genitive case's death*) is a book series written by Bastian Sick which deals with doubtful cases of grammar, orthography, and punctuation. Because of that, the writer wants to fight against unthinking habit and what he believes to be a change to a lower state of the language. The book came from a collection of Zwiebelfisch-collumns of Bastian Sick, which appear weekly in the Spiegel Online. At present, the second and third volumes are available. The volumes are from one time to another at the top of book sales lists.

In several states of Germany, writings from the books have been officially recognized as teaching documents after Sick's foreword was used in Saarland in August 2005.

*Eats, Shoots & Leaves* written by Lynne Truss is a book which in a similarly popular style discusses punctuation in English. In Sweden, a similar book, which is based on Lynne Truss' book, has come out, describing the interesting aspects of the Swedish pronunciation.

Original Book Titles
--------------------

* *Der Dativ ist dem Genitiv sein Tod – Ein Wegweiser durch den Irrgarten der deutschen Sprache.* Kiepenheuer und Witsch, Köln 2004, ISBN 3-462-03448-0 (Hörbuch: ISBN 3-89813-400-8)
* *Der Dativ ist dem Genitiv sein Tod, Folge 2 – Neues aus dem Irrgarten der deutschen Sprache.* Kiepenheuer und Witsch, Köln 2005, ISBN 3-462-03606-8 (Hörbuch: ISBN 3-89813-445-8)
* *Der Dativ ist dem Genitiv sein Tod. Folge 3. Noch mehr aus dem Irrgarten der deutschen Sprache.* Kiepenheuer und Witsch, Köln November 2006, ISBN 3-462-03742-0 (Hörbuch: ISBN 3-89813-566-7)
Mandarin orange seeds
The **Mandarin orange**, also known as the **mandarin** or **mandarine** (both lower-case), is a small citrus tree (*Citrus reticulata*) with fruit that looks like other oranges. Mandarin oranges are usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. The mandarin is tender, and is damaged easily by cold. It can be grown in tropical and subtropical areas.

The mandarin is easily peeled with the fingers, and can be easily split into even segments without squirting juice. This makes it more convenient to eat, as utensils are not required to peel or cut the fruit. Mandarin segments are also sold in cans.

During Chinese New Year, Mandarin oranges and tangerines are considered traditional symbols of good fortune. During the two-week celebration, they are frequently displayed as decoration and presented as gifts to friends, relatives, and business partners.

Production volume
-----------------

*Milgam hwachae*, a Korean fruit dish made with mandarin oranges and honey

| Tangerines, mandarins, clementines Top ten producers in 2007 (1000 tonnes) |
| --- |
|  People's Republic of China | 15,185 |
|  Spain | 1,974 |
|  Brazil | 1,206 |
|  Japan | 1,066 |
|  Morocco | 1,042 |
|  South Korea | 778 |
|  Egypt | 748 |
|  Turkey | 744 |
|  Iran | 702 |
|  Thailand | 670 |
|  Pakistan | 640 |
| All other | 4,156 |
| **World total** | **27,869** |
| *Source: UN Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO)*,  |

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Citrus reticulata***.

Wikispecies has information on: ***Citrus reticulata***.

* Mandarin Orange Nutrition Facts
* UC Riverside Mandarin Variety Descriptions
Folio from the *Hippiatrica* with written and illustrated instructions on drenching a horse to induce diarrhea.
The ***Hippiatrica*** (Greek: Ἱππιατρικά) is a Byzantine compilation of ancient Greek writings, or texts, focused on the care and healing of horses. The texts were probably compiled in the 5th or 6th century AD by an unknown editor.

Contents
--------

The writings of seven authors from Late Antiquity make up the main parts of the *Hippiatrica*: 1) the veterinary manuals of Apsyrtus, 2) Eumelus (a veterinarian in Thebes, Greece), 3) Hierocles, 4) Hippocrates, 5) Theomnestus, 6) Pelagonius's Latin text translated into Greek, and 7) the chapter on horses from Anatolius's text on agriculture. The seven authors allude to the classical Greek veterinarians Xenophon and Simon of Athens. They were also influenced by Hellenistic agricultural literature based on Mago of Carthage. In the 10th century AD, two more writings from Late Antiquity were added to the *Hippiatrica*: a work by Tiberius and an anonymous set of *Prognoses and Remedies* (Greek: Προγνώσεις καὶ ἰάσεις). The contents of the *Hippiatrica* focus on practical treatment rather than on medical theory. Also, the texts in the *Hippiatrica* come in different styles: proverbs, poetry, incantations, letters, instructions, prooimia, medical definitions, recipes, and reminiscences. Cheiron, the Greek centaur connected to healing and veterinary medicine, appears twice in the *Hippiatrica* and a cure called a *cheironeion* (Greek: χειρώνειον) is named after the mythological creature.

Further reading
---------------

* Lazaris, Stavros (2010). *Art et science vétérinaire à Byzance: Formes et fonctions de l'image hippiatrique*. Turnhout: Brepols. ISBN 978-2-503-53446-6.
* Lazaris, Stavros (2015). "Learning and Memorising Hippiatric Knowledge in Late Antiquity and in Byzantium". *Le cheval dans la culture médiévale*: 269–294.
**Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet** (1743-1794) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and politician. He was a liberal thinker, and today is seen as being among the thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment. In 1790, after the French Revolutiion, and after the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. As it says i the declaration, they only applied to men. Condorcet said these rights should also be given to women. He published an essay, *Sur l’admission des femmes au droit de cité (On the admission of women on rights of the citizen).* In it, he postulated that women should get the right to vote in elections. He also said that black people should have the same rights as white people, that slavery should be abolished and there should be free trade. 

In 1786, he married Sophie de Grouchy (1764-1822), a translator, who was said to be among the most beautiful women of her time. 

Because of one of his works, there was an arrest warrant against him, so he had to flee from Paris. He is foud in Clamart, and arrested. Two days later, he is found dead in his prison cell. The circumstances of his death are unsolved, he might have poisened himself, someone might have killed him, or died froim Pulmonary edema.

Works
-----

In mathematics, worked on probability theory, philosophy of mathematics, and mathematical analysis. He also worked on the three-body problem. 

In 1786 he published *Essai sur l’application de l’analyse à la probabilité des décisions rendues à la pluralité des voix*, which had a great influence on probability theory. 

Today he is known for the Condorcet method, the Condorcet paradox, and Condorcet's jury theorem.
"Choix des plus belles fleurs" by Redoute
***Choix des plus belles fleurs*** ('Selection of the most beautiful flowers') is a book of watercolour paintings by French botanical artist Pierre-Joseph Redouté (10 July 1759 – 19 June 1840). The full title is *Choix des plus belles fleurs et de quelques branches des plus beaux fruits. Dédié à LL. AA. RR. les princesses Louise et Marie d'Orléans (1827)* in French. English translation of the title is: "Selection of the most beautiful flowers and some branches of the finest fruits".

A folio edition with colour pages was printed in Paris in 1827. From May 1827 to June 1833, 144 special pages with pictures were printed. The work was in 36 parts. Each part had four pictures of flowers, flowering trees, or fruit.

Printing colour images
----------------------

The printing method for such works in the 18th and early 19th century was engraving on copperplate. It is a form of intaglio printing. 
Different colours could be got by running the plates through once for each colour, so building up the final picture. Fine colour works could also be hand-coloured by teams of women who were experts at the job. What this means is that every illustration in a book was coloured by hand. They had the artist's original in front of their eyes as they worked. The copper engraving gave the outline and any other black lines or areas.

In 1796, Redouté used a way to make prints which used both these methods. First, an engraver made an engraving from the painting, with small dots instead of lines. Then the colours were put on the engraved plate before each printing. After printing, each print was finished by hand with more colour. Redouté claimed to have invented this method. He was challenged in the courts, but he won the case.

Gallery
-------

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Choix des plus belles fleurs***.

* Full text on Internet Archive
* Full text on Biodiversity Heritage Library
* Rare Book Room (photographed in very high resolution)
**Leon Allen White** (May 14, 1955 – June 18, 2018) was an American professional wrestler. He was better known by the ring name, **Big Van Vader**.

Wrestling career
----------------

Vader began his wrestling career at the World Heavyweight Championship (AWA) in (1985) and remained on the company for two years until (1987). He then traveled to Japan where he was hired by the New Japan Pro Wrestling. Vader won the final competition between eight men against Shinya Hashimoto and was crowned champion. Then a month after being crowned champion, Vader lost the title to the Russian Hashimikov Salman. Then recovered the titled against the winner of Hashimikov- Riki Choshu, thus becoming World Heavyweight Champion again CWA. Vader continued performing in Europe under the name of Otto Wanz. In 1990, Vader returned to America and was hired by World Championship Wrestling, in WCW Vader got a chance to face Sting in the July 12 event The Great American Bash 1992, where Sting defeated, and Vader and crowned as the new world champion heavyweight WCW. After having bloody battles against Mick Foley, Vader faced none other than Hulk Hogan in 1995. After leaving WCW, Vader returned to Japan in 1996.

WWF
---

In 1996, Vader was hired by World Wrestling Federation, Vader appeared at WrestleMania XII, in a fight between six Vader, Owen Hart, British Bulldog vs Yokozuna, Ahmed Johnson and Jake Roberts. Vader's team won the match. Vader faced the champion of the WWF Shawn Michaels at SummerSlam in 1996, and then faced The Undertaker in the Royal Rumble.

1998 to 2012
------------

In 1998 Vader returned to Japan in All Japan Pro Wrestling, then went to the Pro Wrestling Noah between 2000 and 2002 before being hired by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. Vader turned to work for the WWE in 2003 performing in several episodes of Raw where he retired from the wrestling in 2012.

Health and death
----------------

In 2016, Vader was diagnosed with congestive heart failure following a car crash. White went in for heart surgery on March 12, 2018 followed by another in May to treat an arrhythmia.

On June 18 2018, after being hospitalized in Boulder, Colorado for a month with pneumonia, Vader died at 63 years old.

Other websites
--------------

* Vader at YouTube
* WWE Alumni profile
* BigVanVader.com (fan site)
* Leon White on IMDb
Ishi, the subject of *Ishi in Two Worlds*
***Ishi in Two Worlds*** is a biography of Ishi, the last known member of the Yahi Native American people. Theodora Kroeber wrote the book. It was published in 1961. It was translated into nine languages.

Ishi had been found alone and starving outside Oroville, California in 1911. The anthropologists Alfred Louis Kroeber and Thomas Waterman took him to the Museum of Anthropology in San Francisco. There, he was studied by the anthropologists, before his death in 1916. Theodora Kroeber married Alfred Kroeber in 1926. Though she had never met Ishi, she decided to write a biography of him.

1911 photograph of Alfred Kroeber and Ishi

Summary
-------

The book has two parts. The first part is called "Ishi the Yahi". It tells about the history and the culture of the Yahi people. The second part is called "Mister Ishi". It tells about his life at the museum. 

The first part begins with the history of California before European colonization.  Kroeber writes that though there were few Yahi, they once occupied a large part of the Sacramento Valley. Other, more numerous, Native American peoples probably pushed the Yahi into the mountains. The first part also describes the Yahi language and the landscape where they lived near Mount Lassen.

Several chapters in the first section are about the destruction of the Yahi by white settlers. The second part of the book begins with a history of the museum in San Francisco where Ishi was taken. It also tells how he got the name Ishi. At the museum, Alfred Kroeber and others arranged for weekly public demonstrations. Ishi would usually demonstrate stringing a bow, or making fire with a fire drill. Finally Ishi's friends had to arrange for Ishi to work as a janitor, so the university would pay to support him. In addition to Kroeber, Waterman and Pope, Ishi became friends with other Native American friends of the anthropologists, such as Juan Dolores, a Tohono O'odham Indian. Ishi spent much of his time at the museum making tools and weapons. He also went hunting with his friends. The last chapter of the book tells of Ishi becoming sick with tuberculosis in late 1914, and his death from the disease soon afterwards.
**Sylvie Faucheux** (born 29 May 1960 in the 20th arrondissement of Paris) is a French professor and politician. She specialized in the fields of economy of the natural environment and sustainable development. She was President of the *Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines* from 2002 till the 12 April 2012.

Faucheux graduated from the Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne University which she founded in 1995. She managed the Center for economics and ethics environment and sustainable development, which, in 2002, became a joint research unit between UVSQ and the *Institut de recherche pour le développement* (IRD) (Institute of Development Research).

Faucheux is a politician as well as an educator. She was a SP candidate at the parliamentary elections for the first district of Yvelines in June 2007.

In December 2002, she was named President of the *Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines*. She was president until 12 April 2012, when Jean-Luc Vayssière was made president. She is the current head of *Université du grand ouest parisien*. Faucheux is a member of the Board of Research and Higher Education in France. She has been a member since 2002. She is responsible for the working group on sustainable development.

Sylvie Faucheux is Chevalier of the *Ordre des Palmes Académiques* (14 July 2004 promotion), Chevalier of the *Ordre national du Mérite* (14 November 2005 Decret), Chevalier of the Legion of Honour and owner of the *Marianne d'Or* 2009 for her actions in favor of the sustainable development.

Further reading
---------------

* Sylvie Faucheux, Jean-François Noël, *Économie des ressources naturelles et de l'environnement*, Armand Colin, 1999, 320 p. (ISBN 2200214421)
* Sylvie Faucheux, H. Joumni, *Économie des changements climatiques*, La découverte - slf, 2005, 128 p. (ISBN 2707143820)
* Sylvie Faucheux, Catherine Moulin, *T.I.C. et développement durable*, De Boeck, 2010 (ISBN 2804103714)
* Who’s Who in France 2011, 2010 (ISBN 978-2-85784-051-0)
* Who’s Who in France 2012, 2011 (ISBN 978-2-85784-052-7)
**Asif Muhammad Bajwa** OLY (Urdu: عاصف محمد باجوہ‎) (born 8 March 1969) is a former field hockey player from Pakistan. He played for the Pakistan national field hockey team from 1992 to 1996. He later became the team's manager and chief coach. As of 2022, he is the secretary general of Pakistan Hockey Federation.

Career
------

Bajwa started his career in 1991. He was a member of Pakistan's hockey team in 1994, when the team won the World Cup. He played 74 international matches and scored 25 goals in his career. Bajwa assisted Kamran Ashraf in scoring the only goal of 1994 Hockey World Cup Final with an accurate cross from the right. He was a part of the Pakistan team at 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. The team won a bronze medal.

In 1995, the Government of Pakistan gave Bajwa a Pride of Performance Award. In 2008, he became the secretary general of the Pakistan Hockey Federation.

On May 7, 2017 Asif Bajwa joined a political party, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf. He contested the 2018 general election for the National Assembly from the NA-114 Sialkot district.

Other websites
--------------

* Asif Bajwa at OlympediaEdit on Wikidata
* Pakistan Hockey Team
***The Road to Serfdom*** is a book written by the Austrian-born economist and philosopher Friedrich von Hayek (1899–1992) between 1940 and 1943.

In the book he warned of the danger of tyranny which comes from "government control of economic decision-making by central planning". He means the way fascist, communist and socialist governments try to control every aspect of the economy.

The rights and wishes of the individual are important, and the state should not interfere too much. When the state controls too much, that leads to a loss of freedom, an oppressive society, and eventually the tyranny of a dictator. The individual citizen becomes a serf. Hayek argued that fascism and socialism had roots in central economic planning and giving the state power over the individual.

After its publication in 1944, *The Road to Serfdom* became a popular account of market libertarianism. It has sold over two million copies.

*The Road to Serfdom* was to be a popular edition of the second volume of Hayek’s *The Abuse and Decline of Reason*. The title was inspired by the writings of the 19th century French classical liberal Alexis de Tocqueville on the "road to servitude".p116 The book was first published in Britain by Routledge in March 1944, during World War II, and was quite popular. Hayek called it "that unobtainable book", due to wartime paper rationing.p128

It was published in the United States by the University of Chicago Press in September 1944 and became popular. The American magazine *Reader's Digest* published an abridged version of 20 pages in April 1945. Several milliion copies of this edition were printed. A 95-page abridged version was also published in 1945 and 1946. In February 1945, a picture-book version was published in *Look* magazine, later made into a pamphlet and distributed by General Motors.

This got *The Road to Serfdom* to a wider group of readers than before. The book had a big impact on twentieth-century conservative and libertarian economic and political thinking. It is often cited today by commentators.
***Winning the Oil Endgame*** is a 2005 book by Amory B. Lovins, published by the Rocky Mountain Institute. It talks about four ways to reduce oil (petroleum) dependence in the United States:

* Using oil more efficiently (pp. 29–102).
* Substituting other liquids for oil (pp. 103–111).
* Substituting saved natural gas for oil (pp. 111–122).
* Replacing oil with hydrogen (pp. 228–242).

Problems and solutions
----------------------

The authors suggest that oil dependence is a problem we need no longer have. U.S. oil dependence can be profitably eliminated by proven and attractive technologies. The authors argue that America can lead the world into the post-petroleum era and create a vibrant economy. (p.xiii)

The Author
----------

Amory Lovins has published 28 books and hundreds of papers. His work has been recognized by the Alternative Nobel, Onassis, Nissan, Shingo and Mitchell prizes, a MacArthur Fellowship, the Happold Medal, eight honorary doctorates, and the Heinz, Lindbergh, World Technology, and Hero of the Planet Awards. Lovins has also acted as a consultant to many Fortune 500 companies.

Related pages
-------------

* Energy efficiency
* Energy conservation
* Peak oil
* Renewable energy commercialization
* Soft energy technology
* Soft energy path

Other websites
--------------

* Winning the Oil Endgame presentation at MIT Archived 2012-03-04 at the Wayback Machine - Video of Lovins.
* Amory Lovins: We must win the oil endgame (TED presentation)
* Winning the Oil Endgame - The Book Home Page - Read Free Online or Buy
**Ella Koon**, real name **Ianna Koon**, is a Chinese singer, actress and model. She was born in Tahiti, French Polynesia, and was raised in Hong Kong, where she is currently based.

She speaks Cantonese, English, French and Mandarin languages.

Life
----

### Early career

After finishing high school in Birmingham, England, she began her career as a model in 2000. She debuted into the film industry in the romance movie *I Do*. 

### Later career

In 2004, she started her singing career and released her debut ***Original (album)***. In early 2005, She participated in the TVB show *Hotel Situation*. Her second album *Ellacadabra* was released in late 2005. In mid-2005, Koon starred in the TVB's series *Revolving Doors of Vengeance (酒店風雲)*, making her a well-known actress as well. She also starred in *Survivor's Law II* in 2007.

Discography
-----------

* Original (2004)
* Ellacadabra (2005)
* Lose Sanity: 失常 (2006)
* Stages (2008)
* Being (2010)
* Take a Shine To... (2011)

References and other websites
-----------------------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Ella Koon***.

* Ella's Official Blog Archived 2008-01-29 at the Wayback Machine
* Takungpao.com Archived 2008-01-31 at the Wayback Machine
* Ella in Pinkwork City (when she was a newcomer)[*permanent dead link*]
* Ella Interview with Sound & Video[*permanent dead link*]

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***Be Here Now*** is a 1971 book on spirituality by the spiritual teacher Ram Dass. The title comes from what his guide in India, Bhagavan Das, used to tell him.

Summary of the book
-------------------

The book has four sections: 

* "Journey: The Transformation: Dr. Richard Alpert, PhD. into Baba Ram Dass"
* "From Bindu to Ojas: The Core Book" (Bindu is a Sanskrit word meaning "small dot". Ojas means "strength", or "life".)
* "Cookbook for a Sacred Life: A Manual for Conscious Being"
* "Painted Cakes: Books"

The first section is about his life, his work as a psychologist, his research with Timothy Leary into Psychedelics at Harvard, and his anxiety when this research does not help him with his spiritual questions. He then writes about his first journey to India and his meeting with his Guru, or spiritual teacher, Neem Karoli Baba, and spiritual renaming as Baba Ram Dass, or "servant of god".

The second section, the largest, is a collection of metaphysical, spiritual and religious sayings, with pictures.

The third section is a guide for starting on a yogic or spiritual path, and tells how to practice yoga and meditation. It has a lot of quotes from teachers of many different religions.

The last section, also titled "Painted Cakes Do Not Satisfy Hunger" contains a list of books on religion and spirituality. The book lists are divided into "Books to hang out with", "Books to visit with now & then", and "Books it's useful to have met".

Publishing history
------------------

The book has been in print since it was first published, and has sold over one million copies. The work was published as a pamphlet by the Lama Foundation. In 1977, the Lama Foundation decided that the Hanuman Foundation would get half of the money made by the book, so it could do more work to help people.

Cultural influence
------------------

*Be Here Now* is one of the first guides, for those not born as Hindus, to becoming a yogi. For its influence on the Hippie movement and other movements, it has been described as a "countercultural bible". The book was the first place the phrase "be here now" was used. Other people have said they like the book, including Wayne Dyer. Musician George Harrison used the book's title as the title of one of his songs from his 1973 album *Living In The Material World*. He wrote about this in his book *I Me Mine*.

Excerpt
-------

Ram Dass wrote this in the book:

> Now, though I am a beginner on the path, I have returned to the West for a time to work out karma or unfulfilled commitment. Part of this commitment is to share what I have learned with those of you who are on a similar journey. One can share a message through telling 'our-story' as I have just done, or through the teaching methods of yoga, or singing, or making love. Each of us finds his unique vehicle for sharing with others his bit of wisdom. For me, this story is but a vehicle for sharing with you the true message... the living faith in what is possible. --OM--
> 
>

Related pages
-------------

* Neem Karoli Baba
**Rita Mae Brown** (born November 28, 1944) is an American writer. She is best known for her first novel *Rubyfruit Jungle*. It was published in 1973 and was a story about a young lesbian woman. At the time, it was quite unusual for novels to be about lesbian themes. Brown is also a mystery writer and an Emmy-nominated screenwriter.

Early life
----------

Brown was born in Hanover, Pennsylvania, and grew up in Florida. In 2004 she was living outside Charlottesville, Virginia.

In the 1960s, Brown went to the University of Florida but transferred. She moved to New York and went to New York University, where she got a degree in classics and English. Later she got another degree in cinematography from the New York School of Visual Arts. She also got a doctorate in political science from the Institute for Policy Studies in Washington, D.C.

Activism
--------

In the 1960s, Brown started to get involved in politics. She became active in the American Civil Rights Movement, the anti-war movement, the Gay Liberation movement and the feminist movement. She helped start the Student Homophile League and claims to have participated in the Stonewall riots in New York City, along with Martha Shelley. Ms. Shelley states that she was not in the bar with Ms. Brown at the time, and was simply passing by the riots, thinking they were an antiwar demonstration. Brown joined the new National Organization for Women, but left in February 1970 when Betty Friedan said anti-gay things and the organization tried to distance itself from lesbian organizations.

In the 1970s, she became helped start The Furies Collective, a lesbian feminist newspaper collective which said that heterosexuality was the cause of all oppression.

She has said, "I don't believe in straight or gay. I really don't. I think we're all degrees of bisexual."

Personal life
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Brown is openly lesbian and has had relationships with tennis player Martina Navratilova, actress-writer Fannie Flagg, socialite Judy Nelson, and politician Elaine Noble. Brown enjoys American fox hunting and is master of her Fox Hunt Club. She has also played polo, and started the women-only Blue Ridge Polo Club.

Other websites
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* Official website
**María Elena Durazo** (born March 20, 1953) is a Mexican-American politician. She is a California State Senator. She represents people living in Central Los Angeles and East Los Angeles. That is the 24th State Senate district. She was a labor organizer. She was the first female leader of the Los Angeles County Labor Federation. Durazo is a member of the Democratic Party.

Early life
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Durazo was born in 1953. Her family traveled between California and Oregon harvesting crops. Her parents had eleven children. She was the seventh child in the family. She graduated from St. Mary's College in 1975. After several years of working, Durazo completed a law degree from the People's College of Law.

At college she got involved in the Chicano Movement.

Career
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In 1983 Durazo started work as an organizer for the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees Union (UNITE HERE). It was called the International Ladies Garment Workers Union at that time.

In the 1980s the union leaders were trying to decide if they wanted to help immigrants who were taking jobs in the Unite States. Some union leaders thought that immigration was bad for older union members. Durazo did not want national union organizations to make all the decisions for people in Los Angeles. Many of the workers in Los Angeles were immigrants. Durazo fought for local union chapters to have some independent power.

In 1989, Durazo was elected President of her local HERE chapter, Local 11. During that time, she was became a member of the Executive Board of HERE International Union. In 2004 she was elected the Executive Vice President of UNITE-HERE International. She was also the National Director of the Immigrant Workers' Freedom Ride (2003), was on the National AFL-CIO's Immigration Committee (2000-2004), and continues to be a Chair of National AFL-CIO's Immigration Committee.

She was the treasurer of the Los Angeles County Labor Federation, AFL-CIO, from 2006-2014. She was appointed to the job when the serving head resigned because he was caught cheating in the elections. However, she was reelected as President in 2010. Durazo continues to serve as the Executive Vice President of the governing Executive Council of the national AFL-CIO.

Los Angeles Mayors Tom Bradley, Richard Riordan, and Antonio Villaraigosa all appointed Durazo to city commissions. She served as a vice chair for the Democratic National Committee (DNC). Durazo was a co-chair for both of President Barack Obama's presidential campaigns.

Durazo was elected to the State Senate in 2018. She is the chair of the Latino Legislative Caucus.

Personal life
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In 1987 she married Miguel Contreras. He was also a labor organizer.
**Lamar Hunt Jr.** (born October 20, 1956) is owner of a North American ECHL professional hockey team. He purchased sole ownership of the Missouri Mavericks in January 2015. He later changed their name to the Kansas City Mavericks in June 2017. Team ownership is part of his family legacy as he is also the son of Lamar Hunt, who founded the American Football League and the Kansas City Chiefs NFL team. Recently Forbes named the Hunt family #16 on Americans richest families list, worth $13.7 Billion dollars.

Hunt graduated from the University of Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music in 1979. Then he played flute for the Kansas City Symphony for nine seasons. Today he serves on the board of the Kansas City Symphony.

As a founder of Loretto Companies, Lamar Hunt Jr. has distinct ventures in real estate, sports, and his charitable giving. Under Loretto Commercial, Hunt Jr. works to develop commercial projects that thrive and are sustainable in order to add to the quality of life in Kansas City. The Loretto Foundation helps to build strong families and encourage spiritual growth by focusing on Catholic schools and charities in the Kansas City area. Loretto Sports Ventures is closely tied to hockey with his overall goal of growing the youth game of ice hockey by bringing the highest level of youth hockey to the Kansas City metro.

Other websites
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* Kansas City Mavericks Bio
* Loretto Companies
First page of Cancioneiro\_Geral, 1516 edition.
***Cancioneiro Geral*** (that means "The General Book of Songs") is an anthology (collection) of Portuguese poetry organized by the poet Garcia de Resende (1470-1536). The book was published in 1516. It contains poems by Portuguese authors of the 15th and 16th centuries. It was the largest collection of Portuguese poetry, written mostly in Portuguese but also in Castilian. It contains about 1000 poems by 286 authors and covers a variety of subjects. It is the main source for history of early modern Portuguese poetry, as it was the first collection of poetry printed in Portugal, and the main repository for poetry at the time. The book was republished in 1846 Stuttgart, Germany. It was edited by Eduard Heinrich von Kausler. Francisco de Sá de Miranda's poems were included into Cancioneiro Geral. Cancioneiro Geral can be compared to Carmina Burana or Tottel’s Miscellany.

The *Songbook* follows the models of Castilian poems compilations performed earlier, as the *Songbook of Baena* 1445 and the *General Songbook* of Hernando del Castillo, published in 1511. [ 2 ] Garcia de Resende (c.1470-1536), who was a poet , chronicler and courtier in the court of D. Manuel I , gathered a set of almost a thousand poems of 286 authors, of which about 150 are written in Castilian and the rest in Portuguese. [ 2 ] The production period of poems ranges from the mid-fifteenth century to the early sixteenth century. [ 3 ]Unlike the Castilian songbook of 1511, the poems of the Portuguese work are not arranged by themes. [ 4 ]

The work of Resende was published for the first time in 1516, in the workshop of Hermão de Campos , and is dedicated to Prince John, future John III of Portugal. [ 3 ] The themes reveal a palatial character of poetry, on the day to day in court, and other religious themes, loving, elegiac , and some attempts to epic poetry. [ 3 ]Unlike the time troubadour , when poetry was meant to be sung and bailada, the poems of *Cancioneiro* are autonomous, and the pace is achieved by the sound of words and the Organizationverses and stanzas. [ 2 ]

Among the many authors include João Roiz de Castel-Branco , Sá de Miranda , Bernardim Ribeiro and Garcia de Resende himself. [ 2 ]
An **alter ego** (from Latin, "other I") is another self — a second personality within a person. It is also called leading a **double life**. The term "alter ego" was first used in the 19th century. It was inventory by psychologists in talking about dissociative identity disorder.

For example, in *The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde*, Mr. Hyde was Dr. Jekyll's evil alter ego (same person, different personalities).

In literature
-------------

The term is also used in popular fiction, like comic books, for the secret identity of a superhero, vigilante, or crimefighter. The character would do this so people won't know that he or she is fighting crime. Examples of characters using alter egos include:

* Superman's alter ego is Clark Kent,
* Bruce Wayne’s is Batman,
* Peter Parker’s is Spider-Man

Music
-----

Sometimes an artist uses an alter ego, like:

* Ziggy Stardust was an alter ego from David Bowie
* Marilyn Manson is the stage name of Brian Warner
* Slim Shady is the alter ego from rapper Eminem
a part of the papyrus
The **Rhind papyrus** in the British Museum is the best example of Egyptian mathematics. It is named after Alexander Henry Rhind, a Scottish antiquarian. He bought the papyrus in 1858 in Luxor, Egypt. It was found during illegal excavations in or near the Ramesseum. It was written about 1650 BC.

The papyrus has work and writing on arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and fractions. It, and the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, are the main sources of knowledge about mathematics in Ancient Egypt. The Rhind papyrus dates to about 1550 BC. The museum bought both the Rhind papyrus and the Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll from Rhind. The Rhind papyrus is larger than the Moscow mathematical papyrus, but the Moscow papyrus is older.

The Rhind papyrus dates to the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt. It was copied by the scribe *Ahmose* from a now-lost text from the reign of Amenemhat III (12th dynasty). Written in the hieratic script, this Egyptian manuscript is made up of parts that are each 33 cm tall. In total it is over 5 metres (16 ft) long. It was transliterated and the mathematics was translated in the late 19th century. The mathematical translation is still incomplete in some respects. The document is dated to year 33 of the Hyksos king Apophis and also contains a separate later Year 11 on its verso likely from his successor, Khamudi.

In the opening paragraphs of the papyrus, Ahmose presents the papyrus as giving "Accurate reckoning for inquiring into things, and the knowledge of all things, mysteries... all secrets". He continues with: 

> This book was copied in regnal year 33, month 4 of Akhet, under the majesty of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Awserre, given life, from an ancient copy made in the time of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt Nimaatre (?). The scribe Ahmose writes this copy.
> 
> 
> 

Several books and articles about the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus have been published, and a handful of these stand out. The Rhind Papyrus was published in 1923 by Peet and contains a discussion of the text that followed Griffith's Book I, II and III outline  Chase published a compendium in 1927/29 which included photographs of the text. A more recent overview of the Rhind Papyrus was published in 1987 by Robins and Shute.

Other websites
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* Allen, Don. April 2001. *The Ahmes Papyrus* Archived 2001-05-24 at the Wayback Machine and *Summary of Egyptian Mathematics* Archived 2001-05-27 at the Wayback Machine.
* Egypt/Texts at the Open Directory Project
* British Museum webpage on the Papyrus. Archived 2009-12-15 at the Wayback Machine
* O'Connor and Robertson, 2000. *Mathematics in Egyptian Papyri*.
* Truman State University, Math and Computer Science Division. **Mathematics and the Liberal Arts:** *The Rhind/Ahmes Papyrus*.
* "Rhind Papyrus". MathWorld–A Wolfram Web Resource.
* Williams, Scott W. *Mathematicians of the African Diaspora*, containing a page on *Egyptian Mathematics Papyri*.
* BBC audio file *A History of the World in 100 Objects*. (15 mins)
**Colour theory** or **color theory** is a guide colour mixing and the visual effects of colour combinations. 

There are also definitions (or categories) of colours based on the colour wheel: primary colour, secondary and tertiary colours. Colour theory principles first appeared in the writings of Leone Battista Alberti (c. 1435) and the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (c. 1490).

Additive color mixingSubtractive color mixing
The foundations of pre-20th-century colour theory were built around "pure" or ideal colours, as sensory experiences rather than the physical world. This has led to a number of inaccuracies in the colour theory principles.

There is a difference between the behaviour of light mixtures, called additive color mixing, and the behavior of paint, ink, dye, or pigment mixtures, called subtractive color mixing. The absorption of light by material substances follows different rules from the perception of light by the eye.

A second problem is the failure to describe the important effects of strong light. The appearance of colours reflected from a surface (such as paints or inks) is not the same as mixed colours of light. "Colours" such as browns or ochres cannot appear in mixtures of light. A strong lightness contrast between a mid-valued yellow paint and a surrounding bright white makes the yellow appear to be green or brown, while a strong brightness contrast between a rainbow and the surrounding sky makes the yellow in a rainbow appear to be a fainter yellow, or white.

Another problem is the tendency to describe colour too simply, for example as a contrast between "yellow" and "blue". Most colour effects are due to contrasts on the attributes that define all colours:

1. Value, (light vs. dark, or white vs. black),
2. Chroma, [saturation, strength, intensity] (intense vs. dull), and
3. Hue (e.g. the name of the colour family: red, yellow, green, cyan, blue and magenta).

Thus, the visual impact of "yellow" vs. "blue" hues in visual design depends on the relative lightness and saturation of the hues.

Many colour theorists have said that three "pure" primary colours can mix *all possible colours*. They think any failure of paints or inks to match this ideal performance is due to the impurity or imperfection of the colourants. But any three real "primary" colours of light, paint or ink can mix only a limited range of colours, which is always smaller than the full range of colours we can see.

Related pages
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* Complementary colour
2012 Sydney: Muslims protesting against the release of Innocence of Muslims
Some Muslims have more extreme views than others. Their teachings are called **islamic extremism**, **islamist extremism**, or **radical Islam**. People do not agree what exactly islamic extremism is: there are different definitions. Also, some people call the teachings of certain groups within Islam extremist, but the groups themselves do not see their teaching as extremst. 

Political definitions of islamic extremis usually say that islamic extremists oppose "democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty, and mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs."

Islamic extremism is different from Islamic fundamentalism or Islamism. Islamic fundamentalists want to establish an islamic state in countries where there is a Muslim majority. Islamism has similar teachings: There is Islamiv law, and followers of Islamis think it should be applied.

Acts of violence done by Islamic terrorists are often associated with Islamic extremism.
This article is about President Ilham Aliyev's daughter. For the television presenter, see Leyla Aliyeva (presenter).
Leyla Aliyeva
**Leyla Aliyeva** (Azerbaijani: *Leyla Əliyeva*, born July 3, 1985) is the first daughter of the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev. She is editor-in-chief of style magazine *Baku*.

Personal life
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According to her personal website, Aliyeva was born in Moscow on 3 July 1985. However, her listing as a director at Companies House in London gives her date of birth as 1984. She studied at a private girls' school in London, Queens College; she left the school in 2000. She entered the European Business School.

From 2006 to 2008, Leyla Aliyeva pursued a master's degree at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO). She was the Chairwoman of the Azerbaijan Club at MGIMO until 2010.

In July 2011, the *Taraggi* (Progress) Medal was conferred upon Leyla Aliyeva for her contributions to the development of Azerbaijan-Russian relations.

Leyla is married to businessman and singer Emin Agalarov. She has twin sons, Ali and Mikail, who were born in 2008.

In 2010 Washington Post reported that Leyla along with her sister Arzu and brother Heydar own real estate in Dubai that is worth about US$75 million.

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Leyla Aliyeva***.

* Official channel of Leyla Aliyeva on YouTube

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| Persondata |
| --- |
| Name | Aliyeva, Leyla |
| Alternative names |  |
| Short description | Journalist |
| Date of birth | July 3, 1985 |
| Place of birth | Moscow, Russia |
| Date of death |  |
| Place of death |  |