recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Rhyme** means words that sound the same or similar in their endings. Poems and popular song lyrics often use rhyme. A simple poem can also be called a rhyme.

Many examples of rhyme are in folk songs, children's songs, and of course in nursery rhymes. Rhymes at the ends of the lines in a song or poem are normal:

Roses are red, violets are *blue*,
Sugar is sweet, and so are *you*.
Mary had a little lamb, its fleece was white as *snow*,
And everywhere that Mary went, the lamb was sure to *go*.
The counting song

One, *two*, buckle my *shoe*,
Three, *four*, shut the *door*,
Five, *six*, pick up *sticks*,
Seven, *eight*, lay them *straight*...
uses "internal rhymes," rhymes that fall within a single line instead of at the end of lines. In another children's poem,

With a knick-*knack*, paddy-*whack*, give the dog a *bone*,
This old man came rolling *home*...
*knack* and *whack* give another example of internal rhyme. Also, the rhymes at the ends of the lines, *bone* and *home*, are not "exact rhymes." Exact rhymes are the same in everything but the first sound. Exact rhymes are the most common type of rhyme and can be formed easily with common sounds in English:

* *pay / day / way / say / may / bay / play / pray / stay* ...
* *me / we / be / see / tree / knee* ...

Other rhymes are not exact but only similar:

Goosey goosey *gander*, whither will you *wander*,
Upstairs, downstairs, in my lady's *chamber*...
Here, the rhymes are not exact rhymes. Also, *gander* and *wander* are "sight rhymes," words that look like rhymes when printed but do not sound quite alike. Sight rhymes are more common in poetry meant to be read, than in songs or verse meant to be sung or spoken aloud and heard by listeners.

Rhymes can be made up of more than one word, as in the short poem *Rondeau* by James Henry Leigh Hunt:

Jenny kissed me when we met,
Jumping from the chair she *sat in*;
Time, you thief, who love to get
Sweets into your book, put *that in*:
Say I'm weary, say I'm sad,
Say that health and wealth have *missed me*,
Say I'm growing old, but add,
Jenny *kissed me*.
Along with simple normal rhymes, *met* and *get*, *sad* and *add*, and one internal rhyme, *health* and *wealth*, Hunt creates sets of clever two-word rhymes.

Some poets and writers use very unusual rhymes. Well-known examples are in the song lyrics to the 1939 MGM film version of L. Frank Baum's *The Wizard of Oz*. The lyrics, written by E. Y. "Yip" Harburg, use many odd rhymes, plus internal rhymes, complex rhyme patterns, and other tricks of language. W. S. Gilbert, the lyricist for the Gilbert and Sullivan comic operas, wrote the same way. The books of Dr. Seuss are also famous for their many strange rhymes.

Poets who choose to avoid rhyme write in blank verse or free verse.

Related pages
-------------

* Rhyme scheme
* rhythm
* verse
* sonnet

Other websites
--------------

* Orange Rhyming Words
* Rhyming Dictionary Archived 2011-08-03 at the Wayback Machine
* French Rhyme Dictionary : Rimes.fr
Formation team flying: *Ara chloropterus*
A **macaw** is a New World parrot. Some of the species are large birds, the largest of the parrots. Macaws are native to Mexico, Central America, South America, and formerly the Caribbean.

Macaws, like all parrots, are unusually intelligent birds. The usual thing for parrots is to pair for life. They stay together even out of the mating season. They often fly in formation, one above the other.

Diet and clay licks
-------------------

Macaws and mealy amazons at a clay lick in Tambopata National Reserve, Peru
The hyacynth macaw
Macaws eat a variety of foods including seeds, nuts, fruits, palm fruits, leaves, flowers, and stems. Wild species may forage widely, over 100 km (62 mi) for some of the larger species such as *Ara araurana* (blue & yellow macaw) and *Ara ambigua* (great green macaw), in search of seasonally available foods. 

In the western Amazon, hundreds of macaws and other parrots descend to exposed river banks to lick clay almost daily, – except on rainy days.

It was suggested that parrots and macaws in the Amazon basin eat clay from exposed river banks to neutralize toxins.

The clay eating behavior of parrots was studied at clay licks in Peru. Apparently, macaws and other birds and animals prefer clays with higher levels of salt. Sodium is a vital element which is scarce in environments over 100 kilometers from the ocean.

Related pages
-------------

* Hyacynth macaw
* Red-shouldered macaw
* Scarlet macaw

Other websites
--------------

* Archived 2013-12-01 at the Wayback Machine
**Abduction** is the criminal act of taking a person away by means of fraud, persuasion, by threat of violence or by force. Kidnapping, by comparison, is limited to a threat of violence or forcefully taking adults or by the taking of children. It often involves some form of false imprisonment. In some states, kidnapping and abduction are treated as the same thing. But in most jurisdictions they are separate crimes. Unlawful interference with family members such as removing a child from its parents is abduction. It does not matter if the minor consents or not. Kidnapping is the unlawful taking of a person against their will. Abduction can also mean the taking of any female person for the purposes of human trafficking, prostitution, concubinage or (forced) marriage.

Child abduction
---------------

During wars, children are often abducted. They may be treated brutally or killed. They may be victims of sexual violence or may be used as soldiers. Children are abducted both by armed parties or governments. They may be taken as an act of retaliation against a population.

International child abduction
-----------------------------

When a marriage breaks down, it is not uncommon for one parent to wish to return, with his or her children, to their state of origin. This is usually without the permission of the other parent. This becomes an international child abduction. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child requires "State Parties shall take measures to combat the illicit transfer and non-return of children abroad". Also that they "promote the conclusion of bilateral or multilateral agreements or accession to existing agreements". International child abductions are a matter treated by civil law and in some cases criminal law.

Other websites
--------------

* Abduction vs Kidnapping, Kids Live Safe
* Family Abduction, National Center for Missing & Exploited Children
Statues in the Cathedral of Saint Martin in Utrecht, attacked in Reformation iconoclasm in the 16th century.
**Iconoclasm** is a belief that people should reject religious images (like icons or monuments) by destroying or avoiding them. This is the opposite of idolatry, the worship of icons. Iconoclasm happens during important political or religious changes. It is generally distinct from destruction by foreigners, for example by Spanish conquistadors in America. The term does not generally include the specific destruction of images of a ruler after his death or overthrow (*damnatio memoriae*), for example Akhenaten in Ancient Egypt. 

People who support iconoclasm are called **iconoclasts**. This word is also used for people who are against established dogma or conventions. Similarly, people who revere or venerate religious images are called **idolators**. In an Eastern Orthodox context they are known as **iconodules**, or **iconophiles**.

Iconoclasm may be carried out by people of a different religion, but is often the result of sectarian disputes between factions of the same religion. The two Byzantine outbreaks during the 8th and 9th centuries were unusual because the use of images was the main issue in the dispute, rather than a by-product of wider concerns. In Christianity, iconoclasm has generally been motivated by a literal interpretation of the Ten Commandments, which forbid the making and worshipping of "graven images" of God.
**Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry** (**ICP-MS**) is a type of mass spectrometry that is highly sensitive. It can see a range of metals and several non-metals at concentrations below one part in 1012 (part per trillion). It is based on hooking together an inductively coupled plasma as a method of producing ions (ionization) with a mass spectrometer as a method of separating and detecting the ions. Many chemists use Argon as a carrier gas to make the plasma. The machine sends the sample ions through a series of small cones. The cones let the plasma ions slowly enter the vacuum chamber of the mass spectrometer.

In trace elemental analysis, the method has advantages of high speed, precision and sensitivity compared to atomic absorption techniques. Analysis of lower concentrations at the same time is more prone to disruption by trace contaminants in labware and reagents used. Some analytes can not work with ICP-MS. Verification of analysis results requires additional work.

The variety of applications is wider than ICP-OES and includes isotopic speciation. Because ICP-MS can help make atom bombs, ICP-MS hardware is a subject for special exporting regulations.
Al Hudaydah in Yemen
**Ashwaq Moharram** (Arabic: أشواق محرّم ) is a doctor from Yemen. BBC named her on their list of 100 most inspirational and influential Women for 2016.

Life
----

Ashwaq Moharram was born in Yemen. She received a bachelor’s degree in medicine and general surgery from Sana’a University in 1998. In 2004, she received a diploma in reproductive health from Liverpool University in Britain. In 2013, she received a master’s degree from the National University of Malaysia.

After the war started, Ashwaq's husband became sick. He had a heart infection. He needed medicine, but there was no medicine in the hospital. He went to Jordan with their two children.

Work
----

In 2000 Ashwaq went to work at the General Hospital in Hodeidah. In 2001 she became the head of the department of obstetrics and gynecology. In 2007 she became a lecturer at the Faculty of Health Sciences at Hodeidah University.  She is now the Deputy Director General of the Public Health and Population Office of the Directorate of Hodeidah.

Before the war, Ashwaq worked with international organizations to fight hunger. In March 2016, after the war started, the organizations left Yemen. After the international organizations left, she gave food to people at her own expense, using her mobile clinic.

In July 2016, three youths sexually assaulted an 11-year-old girl in the Zahra neighborhood. Ashwaq examined the child and the police arrested the three youths. In October 2016, Ashwaq was arrested by Houthis while giving people food. The local people stood in front of them and forced them to free Ashwaq.

Awards
------

* BBC named her one of their 100 Women of 2016.
* She was in a special BBC television program about starvation in Yemen.
* She was honored by the Arab Foundation for the Future and the League of Arab peoples in Egypt.
* She was nominated for a Nobel prize.

Other websites
--------------

* On Facebook
* On Twitter
Alicante Province.
coat of arms
**Alacant** (Spanish: *Alicante*) province is the fifth largest Spanish province by population with 1,750,000, and the second largest in the Valencian Community. It is on the south-east Mediterranean coast and the capital is the city of Alicante, a sea- port with a university. It is a commercial city with monuments like Sainte Barbra Castle. Other important cities are Elche, 215,000 with palms trees and its important shoe industry; Torrevieja, 100,000, tourist centre with the world-famous Habaneras contest; Orihuela, 75,000, agricultural important center; Benidorm, 67,000, the Mediterranean Manhattan; Alcoi, 60,000; textile center, and Elda, 55,000, shoes industry.

The most important river is the Segura, in the south, which provides the water to Alicante, Elche, Torrevieja, Orihuela and other cities. There are others like Vinalopo, Serpis, Amadorio, Ravine of the Sheeps and Monnegre.

The biggest mountain is Aitana, and other mountains are Mariola, Puig Bell, Maigmo and Gold Head, near Alicante. In the coast there are islands, the most important is Tabarca, and other is the Benidorm island. An important coast success is the Penon of Ifach, in Calpe.

The activities in Alicante province are tourism, industry (shoes, carpets, plays, dolls, textiles) and modern agriculture of regadium (oranges, lemons, tomatoes, almonds, wine). There are two universities: University of Alicante and University of Michael Hernandez.

| * v
* t
* e
Provinces of Spain |
| --- |
| 
* A Coruña
* Álava
* Albacete
* Alicante
* Almería
* Asturias
* Ávila
* Badajoz
* Balearic Islands
* Barcelona
* Biscay
* Burgos
* Cáceres
* Cádiz
* Cantabria
* Castellón
* Ciudad Real
* Córdoba
* Cuenca
* Girona
* Granada
* Guadalajara
* Gipuzkoa
* Huelva
* Huesca
* Jaén
* Las Palmas
* León
* Lleida
* Lugo
* Madrid
* Málaga
* Murcia
* Navarre
* Ourense
* Palencia
* Pontevedra
* La Rioja
* Salamanca
* Santa Cruz de Tenerife
* Segovia
* Seville
* Soria
* Tarragona
* Teruel
* Toledo
* Valencia
* Valladolid
* Zamora
* Zaragoza

 |
**Grethe Fatima Syéd** (born 1 January 1968) is a Norwegian literary scholar, translator and author. Grethe Fatima Syéd has translated fiction from English into Norwegian. She completed her doctorate on Olav Duun. Her first published fiction was the book *Fairy Tales for Adults* (2020). In 2019, she was awarded *the Klassekampen Culture Prize.*

She holds a cand. philol. in Nordic literature from the University of Bergen (2001).  She received her doctorate on Olav Duun's texts from the University of Bergen in 2012. Her doctoral thesis was entitled *Relentless care. Love, suicide, art and transcendence in Olav Duun's fictional world*. She is well-known in Norway for her literary criticism. 

Syéd was born in Bergen. Her mother was Norwegian, and her father was from India.  She was married to the author Jon Fosse, the 2023 winner of the Nobel Prize for literature, from 1993 to 2009.

Syéd worked at the University of Bergen for many years. Later, she worked as a freelance writer and literary communicator.

In the period 2018-2023 she was editor of Vidarforlagets Duun publications. 

She is chair of the board of the Torborg Nedreaas Association and a board member of the Olav Duun ring and the Text Alliance.

Publications
------------

* Du kan ikke lage en potet. Essay og artikler om litteratur og samfunn. Solum Bokvennen (2023)
* Hva snakker vi om når vi snakker om abort? Solum Bokvennen (2021, sammen med Kjersti Sandvik)
* Eventyr for voksne. Solum Bokvennen (2020)
* En sommer med Nedreaas. Solum Bokvennen (2019).
* Hans Petter Gundersen og Grethe Fatima Syéd: Et liv i etableringsfasen. Del I: 1963–2008. Vidarforlaget (2018)
* Olav Duun. Kunsten, døden og kjærlighetens dikter. Vidarforlaget (2015)

### Recent translations

* Jean Rhys: God morgon, midnatt. Bokvennen (2023)
* Gertrude Stein: Kva er engelsk litteratur og andre foredrag. Bokvennen (2017)
* Roald Dahl: Vemmelige vers. Bokvennen (2016)
***Queen of Hearts*** is a 2019 Danish drama movie. It was selected as the Danish entry for the Best International Feature Film in the 92nd Academy Awards. However, it was not nominated. The movie won a 2019 Nordic Council Film Prize.

Anne is the lawyer working on the prosecution of a rape case. She is married to a physician named Peter. They have two daughters, Frida and Fanny. Peter has a teenage son named Gustav from a different marriage. Gustav lives in Sweden with his mother Rebecca. 

One day, Anne returns home and finds there was a burglary. The crime is reported to the police. After, she finds an item in Gustav's laundry. It was in her bag. The item had been stolen during the burglary. Anne realizes Gustav was responsible for the robbery. She angrily meets Gustav with the evidence. Anne, though, promises to keep the matter a secret if Gustav does his part in the household. One night, Gustav brings his girlfriend Amanda home. Anne hears the couple having sex. She is aroused.

MPAA rating
-----------

*Queen of Hearts* is rated NC-17 because of some sexual content by Motion Picture Association of America.

Reception
---------

Under Rotten Tomatoes, the movie has a 97% approval rating. Guy Lodge of the *Variety* magazine

The movie won nine Robert Awards. Those included the Best Danish Film. It won four Bodil Awards for the same thing.
The **Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer** (**Berlin Wall Memorial**) is a monument to remember the Berlin Wall. It is also to remember those who died trying to cross the wall. Over one million people visit the site each year. It is one of the most popular sites in Berlin.

History
-------

The German Historical Museum proposed to have a memorial. Kohlhoff & Kohlhoff designed the memorial. The German government and the city of Berlin created the monument in 1998. The final memorial site opened in 2008. An extension was added in 2013.

Description
-----------

There is a Chapel of Reconciliation, visitor center, documentation center, a 60-meter section of the Berlin Wall and a window of remembrance. The memorial has four areas. They are The wall and the *Todesstreifen* (death strip), Destruction of the city, Building of the wall and "Es geschah an der Mauer" (It happened at the wall). 

### Memorial

The memorial itself includes a preserved part of the Berlin wall structure. This includes a strip of land that is enclosed by two walls. There is also a watch tower just like one when Berlin was divided. The inscription on the memorial is: In memory of the divided city and the victims of communist tyranny. Visitors cannot access the memorial and it is enclosed, but one can see it from the Documentation Center. 

### Documentation Center

The Documentation Center holds a permanent exhibition called "1961 | 1989. The Berlin Wall." It presents the history of the wall. The center is located across the street from the memorial on Bernauer Straße. 

### Window of Remembrance

The Window of Rememberance remembers the 132 people who died trying to cross the wall. It includes names and pictures of people who died.  

### Chapel of Reconciliation

The Chapel of Reconciliation structure is the site of a church that was along the wall. The wall separated the churchgoers of the Protestant Reconciliation Parish from the church building. The building symbolized the divide of Germany. West Germany destroyed the building in 1985 but kept the altarpiece and bells. There is a new chapel building with services.
**Imbolc** is a festival belonging to Brigid, the Celtic goddess who, in later times, became famous as a Christian saint. At first, her festival on February 1 was known as "Imbolc" or "Oimelc", two Gaelic names which refer to the lactation of the ewes. Lactation is the flow of milk that happens when the baby lambs are born in the spring, and Gaelic languages are those spoken in countries like Ireland and Scotland.

Imbolc was, and still is, a time to celebrate that winter would soon be over. Sometimes in Ireland, the first flowers are coming up at the time of this festival, even when there is still snow on the ground.

Later, the Roman Catholic Church replaced this festival with Candlemas Day on February 2, a day that now belongs to the Virgin Mary. On this day, people may have ceremonies or processions by candlelight - walking together in the dark, with the only light coming from candles they carry. The may also sing songs to Brigid, or say poems or prayers to her.

In both Pagan and Christian celebrations, Brigid is celebrated as a powerful female figure, who brings light, inspiration, and healing to the world.
**Hurricane John** was the longest-lived tropical cyclone ever seen, tracking from the Eastern Pacific to the Western Pacific and crossing back to the Central Pacific for 31 days total.

The precursor to Hurricane John was a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on July 25th. It moved across the unfavorable Atlantic, and reached the Eastern Pacific on August 8th. It slowly organized, and became Tropical Depression 10-E on August 11th, 300 nautical miles south-southeast of Acapulco, Mexico. Conditions were not ideal for development, but it developed banding features and well-defined outflow, and managed to strengthen to become Tropical Storm John later that day.

A strong ridge of high pressure over the Northeastern Pacific Ocean forced John westward, where upper level shear kept John a tropical storm as its intensity fluctuated. The shear greatly lessened greatly on the 19th, and John became a hurricane on the 20th. Later that day, it became a major hurricane, and crossed into the Central Pacific shortly thereafter.

Hurricane John continued to strengthen, and reached a peak of 150 knots (175 mph winds) on the 23rd, passing 300 nautical miles south of Hawaii. John had posed a threat to the island days before, but the ridge of high pressure pushed John safely south of the island. The hurricane still caused heavy waves and rains, though. During these days, John's intensity was constantly checked by Air Force Reserve aircraft reconnaissance.

John turned more northerly, where it steadily weakened to a minimal hurricane on the 26th. Then, it crossed just north of Johnston Island, where it caused moderate damage. Conditions again favored strengthening, and John re-strengthened to a 135 mph Category 4 hurricane, but upper level shear again weakened it. John crossed the International Date Line, and became **Typhoon John**.

The system continued to weaken, becoming a tropical storm on the 31st and a tropical depression on the 2nd while drifting eastward. John looped back to the northwest, and gradually restrengthened. An upper trough pulled the storm to the northeast on the 7th, and re-entered the Central Pacific on the 8th. John became a hurricane again late on the 8th, and retained that intensity for another day. Upper level shear weakened the hurricane to a tropical storm on the 10th, and John became extratropical in the North Central Pacific about a thousand miles south of Unalaska Island. John dissipated later that day, after an unprecedented 31 days at sea.
Cleisthenes is known as "the father of Athenian democracy". Modern bust, on view at the Ohio Statehouse, USA
**Cleisthenes** was a noble Athenian of the Alcmaeonid family. He reformed the constitution of Athens, and set it on a democratic footing in 508/7 BC. For these accomplishments, historians refer to him as "the father of Athenian democracy". He also increased the power of the Assembly, and he broke up power of the Athenian nobility.

With help from the his clan, he overthrew Hippias the tyrant (dictatorial ruler). After the collapse of Hippias' tyranny, Isagoras and Cleisthenes were rivals for power. Isagoras won the upper hand by appealing to the Spartan king Cleomenes I to help him expel Cleisthenes.

So Cleisthenes left Athens as an exile, and Isagoras held power in the city. Isagoras uprooted hundreds of people from their homes on the pretext that they were cursed, and attempted to dissolve the Council (βουλή, boulé). However, the Council resisted, and the Athenian people declared their support of it. Hence Isagoras and his supporters were forced to flee to the Acropolis, remaining besieged there for two days. On the third, they fled and were banished. Cleisthenes was subsequently recalled, along with hundreds of exiles, and he assumed leadership of Athens.
**Hurricane Laura** was a deadly and destructive tropical cyclone. Hurricane Laura, the 1856 Last Island hurricane and Hurricane Ida are the strongest hurricanes to make landfall in Louisiana in terms of maximum sustained winds, and the strongest to affect Louisiana since Hurricane Camille brought category 5 winds to the rural southeast portion of the state. The twelfth named storm, fourth hurricane, and first major storm of the record-breaking 2020 Atlantic hurricane season, Laura formed from a tropical wave that moved off the coast of West Africa on August 16, and formed into a tropical depression by August 20. On August 21, Laura strengthened into a tropical storm, becoming the earliest twelfth named storm, and breaking 1995's Hurricane Luis's record by eight days.

Laura first moved over the Lesser Antilles and brushing Puerto Rico as a tropical storm. It made landfall in the resort city of Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, killing four people in the Dominican Republic and 31 in Haiti. The storm then moved over the entire island of Cuba, forcing the evacuation of more than 260,000 people. Then, the outer rainbands of Laura moved over parts of the Florida Keys and Southern Florida. It then moved over the warm Gulf of Mexico, strengthening slowly at first, before undergoing rapid intensification by August 26. Later that day, Laura became a major hurricane, and soon reached a peak intensity of 150 mph (240 km/h), making it a Category 4 hurricane.

Then, just a couple of hours after reaching peak intensity, at 6:00 UCT on August 27, Laura made landfall in Cameron, Louisiana just below peak intensity with 150 mph (240 km/h) and a pressure of 939 mbar, at the same wind speed of the 1856 Last Island hurricane. It was the 10th strongest tropical cyclone to ever hit the United States in terms of wind speed, killed 42 people in the U.S, and caused $19 billion in damage on the Gulf Coast of the United States and inland areas. After landfall, Laura weakened, falling to tropical storm status later in the day, and tropical depression status over Arkansas the next day. On August 29, Laura weakened to a remnant low over Kentucky, before being absorbed by an extratropical cyclone over the East Coast. Overall, Laura caused $19.1 billion in damage and killed 81 people. Areas that were badly affected by Laura, mostly southeastern Texas and southwestern Louisiana, were badly affected by more flooding and strong winds during Hurricane Delta around six weeks later.
**Howard Stern** (born January 12, 1954) is an American radio and television personality known for his radio show, The Howard Stern Show.

Stern was born in Jackson Heights, Queens, New York City.

He originally started as a disc jockey for a New York station playing rock music. He discovered a talent for comedy, and developed a wide-ranging confrontational style that encouraged listeners to call in. Eventually, in the 1990s, his show was widely distributed. As an example, in one of his most infamous episodes, he persuaded a female caller to have phone sex with him on the air. He made deep buzzing noises into his microphone, and had her sit on a speaker with the volume turned up.

Stern's crude style of entertainment (which many listeners support) has earned him the title "King Of All Media" -- at least in the eyes of his fans. His show is frequently the subject of complaints by listeners (and occasionally ethnic groups) who find his shows offensive. Radio stations airing his show have occasionally been subjected to fines for violating FCC requirements due to the content of the show, but the parent conglomerate (Infinity Broadcasting) that hosts Stern's show seems to consider these fines a necessary price to pay, in order to support Stern's continuing popularity. In 1994 Stern ran for Governor of the state of New York. 

Stern is the most popular and well-known of a variety of offensive radio hosts known generally as "shock jocks." In spite of the crude content of his show, many radio listeners consider Stern's delivery to be far from the worst quality radio aired today. His popularity has given rise to a number of imitation "shock jocks" who attempt to outdo Stern in terms of offensiveness and rudeness...but these imitators have found themselves with more troubles to worry about than listener ratings. In 2002 rival radio hosts Opie and Anthony were fired from their popular radio show after they encouraged a couple to engage in sexual intercourse at Saint Patrick's Cathedral in New York City, then airing a running commentary of the act on their show. Stern, his supporters note, has not gone out of his way to offend the general public in this manner.

On January 15, 1998 Lance Carvin, who had been stalking Stern, was sentenced to two and a half years in prison for threatening to kill Stern and his family.

Other websites
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* Official website
* *The Howard Stern Show* on Sirius XM Radio
* Howard Stern on IMDb Edit this at Wikidata
* Howard Stern at AllMovie
Tabassum Adnan received the International Women of Courage Award in 2015.
**Tabassum Adnan** (Urdu: تبسم عدنان) (born 1977) is a women's rights activist from Pakistan. In 2015, she won the U.S. State Department's International Women of Courage Award because of her work for justice for Pakistani women.

Life
----

Tabassum Adnan was born in 1977. She grew up in the Swat Valley of Pakistan.

Tabassum was married when she was 13 years old. She had four children. She was a victim of domestic violence. After she was married for 20 years, she divorced her husband.

The jirga for women
-------------------

Tabassum did not have a home or money, so she went to a local group for women. The group gave her the idea to work for more participation for women. First, she went to the Swat Qaumi Aman Jirga, a group with only men, but they refused her.  A jirga is an informal court that enforces *qisas* (retribution laws). It is not a formal court, but many times the formal courts will listen to their decisions. 

In May 2013, Adnan started her own jirga. It was the first women's jirga in Pakistan. 

In Pakistan, women are used as chattel, or property, to settle disagreements between men. They are traded in marriage to pay debts and claims of honor, and to pay for crimes. Because women have little power, Adnan knew that her group needed to get the police and the courts to act. Her jirga has 25 women. It works to pressure the police and the traditional court system, and it gives legal help to the victims. The *Khwendo Jirga*, or Sister’s Council also works for free education for girls, good health for women and girls, training in both home skills and work skills, loans for small business, and voting.  The jirga also works for laws to stop violence against women, especially honor killings, dowry harassments, acid attacks, and torture. 

At first, the men's jirgas did not like the *Khwendo Jirga*. Women's rights activists did not like it either. Then, in 2014, that changed. A child was raped, and the authorities did nothing. *Khwendo Jirga* had a protest walk, to attract the attention of the public. The police made arrests. Then, for the first time in Pashtun history, a woman, Adnan, was asked to sit on the men's jirga and help decide the case.  After the first protest, the women had more success.  In July, 2014, Adnan and Khwendo Jirga worked to pass a law against child marriage. Although some religious groups were not happy,  the Sindh Assembly passed a law against marriages for anyone under the age of eighteen.  In December, 2014 the Punjab Assembly voted to change the present law.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Tabassum Adnan***.

* 2015 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr
* Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
A bundle of optical fibers.
**Fiberglass** (also called **fibreglass** and **glass fibre**) is material made from extremely fine fibers of glass. 

Fibreglass is cheaper and more flexible than carbon fibre. It is stronger than many metals (when compared by weight), and can be moulded into complex shapes. The plastic matrix is usually a thermoset polymer – such as epoxy or polyester resin, or it may be a thermoplastic.

It is used as a reinforcing material for many polymer products. The composite material, that is produced by this method is called "fiberglass" in popular usage. The proper names are fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) or glass-reinforced plastic (GRP).

Glassmakers throughout history have experimented with glass fibers, but mass manufacture of fiberglass was only made possible when finer tools for machines were produced. The first major use was in "glass wool" for insulation, starting in the 1930s. 

Glass fiber is formed when silica-based or other formulation glass is extruded into many fibers with small diameters that are suitable for textile processing. Glass is unlike other polymers because, even as a fiber, it has little crystalline structure (see amorphous solid). The properties of the structure of glass in its soft stage are very much like its properties when spun into fiber.

Uses
----

Fiberglass is used in sail planes, sport cars, and wind turbine blades. It is also used in buildings where a lightweight material is needed. It is used to protect RF antennas and electric circuits.

Safety
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Bare fiberglass can cause skin irritation and cuts when handled without gloves. There have been concerns that fiberglass can be accidentally inhaled into the lungs, where it might cause cancer and other lung problems, similar to asbestos. Fiberglass has been called "man-made asbestos". Substitutes for fiberglass building insulation, such as cellulose and aerogel, have started to appear.

Related pages
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* Optical fiber

Other websites
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* 
* OEM Fibreglass Archived 2021-01-19 at the Wayback Machine
* Owens-Corning
* Fiberglass and health Archived 2008-10-13 at the Wayback Machine
* UC Davis PDF on Fiberglass Health Effects
* FULLTECH Fiber Glass Corp.
* SORG GmbH & Co KG
* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health - Fibrous Glass Page
Undeveloped Arista black and white film, ISO 125/22°.
**Photographic film** is a sheet of plastic for recording visual scenes. The plastic has been specially treated to be sensitive to light. The image is recorded on the plastic when the plastic is exposed to light. Film is kept in small canisters (boxes) which protect it from the light. A normal photographic film may hold up to 40 pictures. 

Once all pictures have been recorded, the film has to undergo a special chemical treatment. This is called *developing a film* or film processing. That treatment makes the pictures visible (you can see them), and the exposed film is no longer sensitive to light.

Different kinds of films exist. Some require more light to be exposed than others. Some are black and white only; they record no colors. There are also special films which can record infrared light. Photographic film was invented in the 1880s and replaced the earlier dry plate system. 

Films also come in different sizes. 35 millimeter film, the most used size, comes in metal cans or canisters, but there are other camera films that come in paper wrappings or in single sheets.

Uses
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Film can only be used once. After that, it cannot be used again (if it is accidentally used again, this results in an artifact called a multiple exposure). When not in use, film needs to be covered from light, otherwise it will record any lights that shine on it. This will make it useless to record a picture. Film comes in a can called a canister to cover it from light rays. 

Film needs the right amount of light to make a picture. If the picture is too bright or too dark, it will not record correctly. The longer that the film keeps recording, the more light it will get. If what is being photographed is bright, it will be recorded faster. If it is darker, the film will need more time to record. 

Films that need less time to record the picture are known as "faster" films. Different speeds of films are marked with an ISO number. The higher the number, the faster the films. Films can only make a picture from focused lights. If there is no lens to focus light, the film will only turn white from receiving just the light. If a film with an ISO level of 200 instead of 100 is used, it will only need half as much time to record a picture of the same scene.

Examples of ISO numbers are ISO 50, ISO 100, IS0 200, ISO 400, ISO 800, and ISO 1600. The ISO number is sometimes called the ''ASA number'' or the ''film speed''. When the ISO number is low, for example ISO 50, the film takes a long time to record the picture. This is called a slow film. This means the shutter has to stay open for a long time. When the ISO number is high, for example ISO 800, the picture is made in a very short time. This is a fast film. This means the shutter has to open and close quickly.

Before photographic film was invented, photography used glass dry plates. In the 21st century, digital cameras have replaced film cameras for most uses. Film is still made, and many professional photographers and cinematographers prefer film.

Related pages
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* Advanced Photo System
* Camera
Software to detect AI-generated content
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Software designed to identify AI-generated content is developed to ascertain if content, including text, images, videos, or audio, has been produced using artificial intelligence (AI). These tools are particularly relevant in academic settings, where they are employed to combat plagiarism and ensure the integrity of student work.

### Text detection

AI detection software, such as **GPTZero,** is utilized to determine if text has been authored by AI, with applications in educational institutions to prevent plagiarism. The accuracy of these tools is subject to debate, and concerns have been raised regarding their potential misuse in academic environments. Instances have been reported where human-written content was incorrectly flagged as AI-generated, and conversely, AI-generated content was not detected Some studies suggest that these tools may exhibit bias against non-native English speakers 

High-profile cases have occurred where students nearly faced severe academic consequences due to misidentification by AI detection software, leading to subsequent media coverage and investigations that cleared the accused. Certain universities have expressed skepticism about the reliability of these tools and have opted out of using them 

### Anti text detection

In response to the development of AI detection tools, software has been created by a PhD student named Bars Juhasz to bypass detection, raising questions about the ongoing effectiveness of these measures.

Research has tested various AI detection tools, with some showing high initial accuracy rates that were significantly reduced when Undetectabl.ai was used. The debate extends to the efficacy of digital watermarking, with experts challenging its reliability and ability to withstand tampering

### Image, video, and audio detection

AI detection software also exists for identifying AI-generated images, videos, and audio. However, the reliability of these tools is not yet fully established 2324. Efforts to detect deepfakes are ongoing, with varying degrees of success 25. Google DeepMind's development of SynthID, a watermarking tool for AI-generated images, is one such initiative in the field 2627.
A Hummer H3 on a trail in Moab
The **Easter Jeep Safari** is an annual event hosted by the Red Rock 4-Wheelers off-road club. Four-wheelers come from all parts of the United States and other countries to challenge the rough terrain of the backcountry in the Moab, Utah area. While the title does say it is a festival of Jeeps, there are no restrictions on vehicle make or models used. However, all vehicles are expected to have high ground clearance Four-wheel drive vehicles with two-speed transfer cases. No ATV's or UTV's are allowed. The Easter Weekend safari lasts for nine days, going through Easter Sunday.

Expeditions
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When going 4-wheeling, people can either go alone, or join up in a group. Groups usually meet up early in the day, at a certain location in the city. First waivers are signed and collected, then the drivers are given instruction and told to comply with any and all Bureau of Land Management regulations (i.e. stay on the trail, avoid walking on protected soil, etc.). Groups will then head out to the trails for the day. Once a group arrives at a trail, they will partially deflate ("air down") their tires to get better traction on sand or slick rock. Once the air down is completed they will begin through the trail and depending on the trail and the number of stops, it can take anywhere from a few hours to all day.

Many groups do radio introductions, over the CB radio, where a person (often the driver) will introduce his/her self and any passengers in the car. They may also tell if they have driven the trail before, or if it's their first time. When a group approaches a really difficult obstacle, a few will get out and act as a spotter to ensure everyone makes it up or down safely.

Groups will usually stop around noon or 1:00 P.M. for a lunch break. Drivers and passengers usually chat, take pictures, or do some work on their Jeep/4X4 vehicle. Once lunch is completed they will take off again.

Trails
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Trails rank from easy to difficult (1 through 5). The classification system is the same used in skiing: Circle is Easy, Square is Moderate, and Diamond is Hard. Many trails have several obstacles to get through. Some of the most famous are *Kenny's Climb*, and *White Knuckle Hill*. Many involve rockcrawling.

Usage
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The Event is often attended by media representatives who cover outdoor and recreation events including representatives from Jeep. The Moab variant of the Jeep Wrangler
is named after Moab, UT.

Danger
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Some trails, specifically the higher difficulty ones can be dangerous for inexperienced drivers, especially if they try to go alone. A basic rule for driving off-road is to never travel alone. Traveling in groups of two or more vehicles makes it more certain at least one vehicle can get back for help. Those who do venture out into the backcountry alone should have good communications (two-way radio, mobile phone or satellite device). Inexperienced groups are advised to bring a spotter along on the more difficult trails to avoid injuries and rollovers.

Other websites
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* Red Rock 4-Wheelers
*E. histolytica/E. dispar* cyst in a wet mount stained with iodine. This early cyst has only one nucleus and a glycogen mass can be seen (brown stain)
**Amoebiasis**, also known as **amebiasis** or **entamoebiasis**, is an intestinal infection caused by amoebas of the *Entamoeba* group. The infection is usually caused by *Entamoeba histolytica*. The infection is normally got when someone drinks water with the parasite in it.

In some cases, the parasite lives in a person's large intestine and does not cause any symptoms. Symptoms vary from serious to none at all. There may be abdominal pain, mild diarrhoea, bloody diarrhoea or severe colitis with tissue death and perforation. This last complication may cause peritonitis. People affected may develop anaemia due to loss of blood.

Life-cycle of the *Entamoeba histolytica*
Amoebiasis is usually transmitted by water contaminated with faeces. It can also be got indirectly by contact with dirty hands or objects.

Infection is spread by ingesting the cyst form of the parasite. This tough and semi-dormant structure is found in faeces. Since amoebiasis is transmitted by contaminated food and water, it is often endemic in parts of the world with poor sanitation (such as México, Central America, western South America, South Asia, and western and southern Africa).

Amoebic dysentery is often confused with "traveller's diarrhoea" because of its prevalence in developing nations. In fact, most traveller's diarrhoea is bacterial or viral in origin.

*E. histolytica* infections occur in both the intestine and (in people with symptoms) in tissue of the intestine and/or liver. So, two different classes of drugs are needed to treat the infection, one for each location. Such anti-amoebic drugs are known as *amoebicides*.
A lot of earthquakes started happening in the Reykjanes Peninsula in southeast Iceland on 24 October 2023. This was because hot molten rock called magma was moving beneath the ground in that area. The earthquakes became more frequent and powerful on November 10, with 20,000 tremors counted by November 10. The biggest one was stronger than magnitude 5.1. People were told to leave the town of Grindavík, which was close to where the ground was shaking a lot.

Background
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While earthquakes happen a lot in Iceland because the island is located where the Eurasian and North American tectonic plates meet, the recent group of earthquakes was noticed to be larger than usual. Since 2021, there have been three volcanic eruptions in the Reykjanes Peninsula.

The 2023 earthquakes is connected to a molten rock intrusion, estimated to be about 15 kilometers long, extending in a southwest direction from Kálfellsheiði. It follows the Sundhnúkur crater chain at a depth of approximately 800 meters. The largest quake started beneath the Sundhnúkur craters but then moved southwest, passing under Grindavik and reaching the sea. The town is located on lava that erupted from Sundhnúkur around 2,350 years ago. It is one of six communities on the peninsula situated on or near a crack where eruptions happened.

Timeline
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On October 13, the Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO*, Icelandic: Veðurstofa Íslands*) initially said there might be a magma intrusion near the active volcano Fagradalsfjall on the Reykjanes Peninsula. Before that, around 700 earthquakes were noted earlier in the month, with the biggest one measuring magnitude 3.3.

### 24–30 October

A bunch of earthquakes started on the evening of October 24 because of the hot molten rock moving underground. The earthquakes became less strong by October 30. Around 8,000 earthquakes were found, and most of them happened about 2 to 4 kilometers below the surface.

### 10-11 November

The largest earthquake had a magnitude of 5.1. The shaking ground got a lot of attention from global media. The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) said there's a high chance of an eruption, mentioning that it would take several days, not just hours, for the hot molten rock to reach the surface.

Impact
------

The people in charge of the Blue Lagoon said they are closing the place to visitors from November 9 to 16 as a safety measure after the earthquakes. There was fear when rocks from the earthquakes fell onto roads nearby, and 30 guests left the resort after a 4.8 tremor on the early morning of November 9.

After the 5.1 earthquake happened on November 10, a road north of Grindavík was harmed and then closed by the police. A big crack showed up on the land of the town's golf course. A state of emergency was announced, and evacuation plans for Grindavík were started that evening. The Icelandic civil protection authority sent the patrol boat Thor to the area for safety reasons. They also shut down all roads to Grindavik, except for emergencies and evacuations.
Table Mountain, seen here from the north, is flanked by Devil's Peak, left, and Lion's Head, right.
Cape Peninsula and Table Mountain—Landsat image. Cape Town and the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, appear in the foreground. The city center is at Table Bay (lower left), next to Table Mountain. The large bay facing right (South) is False Bay.
**Table Mountain** is a flat-topped mountain overlooking the city of Cape Town in South Africa. It is 1084.6 meters (3,563-feet) tall, of sandstone and granite. With nearby mountains and Table Bay, it surrounds the central part of Cape Town.

It is a significant tourist attraction, featured in the flag of Cape Town and other local government insignia. Many visitors use the Table Mountain Aerial Cableway or hike to the top. The mountain forms part of the Table Mountain National Park.

Geology
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The upper part of the mountain *mesa* (table) consists Silurian/Ordovician quartzitic sandstone, commonly referred to as Table Mountain Sandstone (TMS). It is highly resistant to weathering and forms steep grey crags. 

Below the sandstone is a layer of micaceous shale, which weathers quite readily. The basement of folded metamorphic shales intruded by the Cape Granite are of late Precambrian age.

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Table Mountain***.

* A drawing of Table Mountain from the 1600's.