recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
National Plant of Palestine.
**Gilboa Iris** or **Faqqu’a Iris** *(Iris haynei)* is a species in the genus *Iris*, subgenus Iris subgenus and section (botany) *Oncocyclus*. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the shrublands and mountainsides of Palestine.

Taxonomy
--------

It is written in Arabic as سوسن فقوعة. It was originally found in Palestine, on Mount Gilboa, by Hayne in April 1872, and then it was first published and described by John Gilbert Baker in The Gardeners' Chronicle Vol.6 on page 710 in 1876.  This description was based on dried samples of plants that Haynes had originally found.

Distribution and habitat
------------------------

It is native to temperate to Western Asia.

Culture
-------

On 5 April 2016, the Ministry of Environmental Affairs (Palestine) had adopted 'Sawsan Gilboa' (*I. haynei*) as the national plant of the State of Palestine, to go with the Olive tree (as the national tree), Mountain gazelle (national animal), Palestine sunbird (national bird) and the 5th of March to be the national day for the Palestinian environment.
The **École Polytechnique Massacre**, known also as the **Montreal massacre** was a school shooting on December 6, 1989. It took place at the École Polytechnique de Montréal, an engineering school and faculty that is affiliated with the Université de Montréal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Marc Lépine, a twenty-five year old, shot 28 people and killed 15 people as well as himself (suicide). The shooter targeted women in the attack and said that he was "fighting feminism" and called the women "a bunch of feminists".

The attack
----------

He entered the building sometime at 4 p.m. on December 6, 1989 with a Ruger Mini-14 rifle and hunting knife. After he entered a second floor mechanical engineering class of about sixty students at about 5:10 p.m. he approached a student that was giving a presentation. He ordered that everyone stop what they were doing and both men and women to go to opposite sides of the classroom. Nobody moved at first, believing it to be a joke until he fired a shot into the ceiling. He killed six women and wounded three others there.

After that, he moved to the second floor corridor and wounded three other students before he entered another room where he tried to shoot a female student twice but failed. He reloaded the gun in the emergency staircase and tried to enter the room that he left but the students locked the door. He attempted to unlock it with three gunshots but failed. He moved through the corridor where he shot wounded a student. He went to the financial services office and shot and killed a woman through the window of a door she had locked.

He went down the stairs to the first floor cafeteria which had around a hundred people in it. He shot a woman standing near the kitchens and wounded another student. After hearing the gunshots, everyone scattered. He killed two more women after finding them hiding.

The third floor classroom where Lépine killed 4 people and himself
He went up the escalator to the third floor shooting and wounding three students in the corridor. After entering a classroom where a presentation was being held, he shot at the front row and killed two women who were trying to escape. He shot three more female students and killed another. After hearing Maryse Leclair, a student he had shot, ask for help, he took out his hunting knife and stabbed her three times, killing her. He then took off his hat, wrapped his jacket around the gun, said "ah shit," and then killed himself.
**Lilla Cabot Perry** (1848 – 1933) was an American artist. She is best known for her portraits and landscapes which were painted in the Impressionist style. Perry also wrote poetry.

Biography
---------

Perry was born on January 13, 1848, in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1874 she married Thomas Sergeant Perry with whom she had three children. In 1886 Perry studied art at Cowles School of Art in Boston.

Perry and her family lived in Paris from 1887 to 1889. Perry took classes at the Académie Julian and at the Académie Colarossi. During this time Perry met the Impressionist painter Claude Monet. Monet gave her lessons in painting. Manet and Perry became friends. Perry visited his home in Giverny, France many times.

Perry and her family lived in Tokyo, Japan from 1893 to 1901. In Japan Perry learned about Japanese and Chinese painting techniques. She also created paintings of Japanese landscapes.

The Perry family returned to Boston. Perry continued painting. She was a founding member of the Guild of Boston Artists. She wrote several books of poetry. She also wrote a memoir of Monet which was titled *Reminiscences of Claude Monet from 1889 to 1909.* She encouraged her friends and others to pay attention to the French Impressionists and suggested that they buy the paintings.

Perry died on February 28, 1933 in Hancock, New Hampshire.

Perry's paintings are in several museums including the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the National Museum of Women in the Arts, and the Smithsonian American Art Museum.

Gallery
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* Open Air Concert*Open Air Concert*
* Lady with a Bowl of Violets*Lady with a Bowl of Violets*
* Thomas Sergeant Perry Reading a Newspaper*Thomas Sergeant Perry Reading a Newspaper*
* A Snowy Monday*A Snowy Monday*

Other websites
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* Media related to Lilla Cabot Perry at Wikimedia Commons

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Victoria, queen of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 to 1901.
A **queen** is a woman who rules a country which is a monarchy. She may either get this position because of inheritance or because she has married a king. 

A **Queen Regnant** is a queen who is the monarch of a country. She usually comes to power after the death of the previous king or queen, who is her parent. A country that is ruled by a queen is called a kingdom – the same as a country ruled by a king. Elizabeth II was a Queen Regnant. 

A **Queen Consort** is a queen who is not a monarch, but is married to one, such as a King. Camilla is a Queen Consort. However, the husband of a queen is not always called a king. For example, King George VI had a wife, who was called Queen Elizabeth. He had no sons, so he was followed by his elder daughter, who was also called Elizabeth. She became Queen Elizabeth II. She was married to The Duke of Edinburgh until his death on April 9, 2021; but when she became Queen he did not become King. This is because the title "King Consort" does not exist.

Queen regnant
-------------

Queen Elizabeth II was the longest serving Queen to have lived
A *queen regnant* is head of state, and has all the powers of a sovereign.

A queen regnant does not keep the title of queen if she *abdicates* (resigns). No queen has ever abdicated in the history of the United Kingdom, but three abdications have occurred in the Kingdom of the Netherlands:

* Queen Wilhelmina abdicated in 1948 and became Princess Wilhelmina. Her daughter became Queen Juliana.
* Queen Juliana abdicated and became Princess Juliana.
* Queen Beatrix abdicated in 2013 and became Princess Beatrix.

Queen consort
-------------

A *queen consort* is the wife of a king. She is not the head of state, and does not have any powers unless they are given by the King or another law.

The last King of Britain (George VI) had a wife (Elizabeth) who was called Queen Elizabeth. He had no sons, so he was followed by his elder daughter. She is also called Elizabeth and became Queen Elizabeth II. She was married to the late Duke of Edinburgh; but when she became Queen he did not become King.

Queen dowager
-------------

A *queen dowager* is the widow of a king.

A queen consort usually keeps the title of Queen after her husband's death, for example

* Queen Alexandra, widow of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom
* Queen Mary, widow of King George V of the United Kingdom and
* Queen Elizabeth, widow of King George VI of the United Kingdom, she was given the title Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother because her daughter is also called Elizabeth.
Map of Gaul circa 58 BC
**Gaul** (Latin: *Gallia*) was the name given in ancient times to the area of Western Europe that included northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. Many Celtic tribes lived in the region and were known by the Romans simply as "Gauls". 

In English, the word *Gaul* (French: *Gaulois*) may mean a Celtic inhabitant of that region or it may mean all ancient speakers of the Gaulish language. In this way, "Gaul" and "Celt" are sometimes used in the same sense.

Gauls under Brennus attacked Rome with the Battle of the Allia (390 BC).

Trivia
------

In Greek, modern-day France is called *Γαλλία* (same as the Latin *Gallia*) and the term for a Gaulish person is *Γαλατία* (Galatia).

Other websites
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* The Gallic Wars Archived 2011-09-26 at the Wayback Machine

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* Historical Dictionary of Switzerland

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*Executive heads of government*:
* Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India
* Fumio Kishida, Prime Minister of Japan
* Olaf Scholz, Chancellor of Germany
* Rishi Sunak, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
* Giorgia Meloni, Prime Minister of Italy
* Karl Nehammer, Chancellor of Austria
* Anthony Albanese, Prime Minister of Australia
* Pedro Sánchez, Prime Minister of Spain
* Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada
* Anwar Ibrahim, Prime Minister of Malaysia
* Christopher Luxon, Prime Minister of New Zealand
* Abiy Ahmed, Prime Minister of Ethiopia

The heads of government of five members of the Commonwealth of Nations at the 1944 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference.
The **head of government** is the leader of the executive branch of a nation's government. This is not always the same person as the head of state. Common titles for heads of government include Premier or Prime Minister.

In some countries such as the United States, the president is both the head of state and the head of government. In the Republic of Ireland the president is the head of state but the Taoiseach (Prime Minister) is the head of government. 

In most modern monarchies the king (or queen) is the head of state but not the head of government, as is the case of Japan and the UK, for example. In this scenario, the monarch will perform ceremonial duties while the head of government takes care of the executive branch.

The head of state of some countries has no power over law and justice, for example, the Chancellor of Germany has those powers and not the Bundespresident.
The **Yugoslav Wars** were a series of conflicts fought in the former Yugoslavia between 1991 and 2001. They were a part of the Revolutions of 1989 that ended the Cold War. The wars in the Yugoslavia Wars are the Slovenian War (1991), the Croatian War (1991-1995), the Bosnian War (1992-1995) and the Kosovo War (1998-1999). 

The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was stared in 1918 after World War 1 when Austria-Hungary, led by Charles I of Austria, collapsed. In 1918, The Austro-Hungarian Empire split into Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia. In 1941, Nazi Germany invaded Yugoslavia during World War 2. In 1944, both Tito and Stalin pushed the Nazis out of Belgrade with the help of Bulgaria. In 1948, Josip Broz Tito and Joseph Stalin broke up their friendship. This lasted until the death of Stalin in 1953. When the invading Warsaw Pact powers ended the Prague Spring in 1968, Romania,Yugoslavia and Albania supported the Czechoslovaks led by Alexander Dubček against the USSR led by Leonid Brezhnev. 

Tito died in 1980. In 1991 - 1992, Yugoslavia started to collapse led by Slobodan Milošević. This lead to many wars. It is also some of the most brutal conflicts since World War 2. It had one of the most brutal massacres since the Holocaust. This happened when General Ratko Mladić of the Bosnian-Serb Army massacred people in Bosnia in 1995. It is known as the Srebrenica massacre. NATO then did bombings of Yugoslavia since the allied bombing of Nazi Germany led by German Dictator Adolf Hitler .

  

  


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The **French Communist Party** (French: *Parti communiste français*, PCF) is a French far-left political party. Founded in 1920, it had a large influence in the XXth century, especially after the Second World War, and is still important in the French political life, though it declined over years.

History
-------

The French Communist Party was founded in 1920 after the Tours Congress of the French Section of the Worker's International (SFIO, today the Socialist Party), as the French Section of the Communist international (SFIC), by members who wanted to join the Third International. It took in 1921 the name of "Communist Party".

In 1936, it was a part of the Popular Front and supported its social reforms, but refused to participate in the government.

During the Second World War, the PCF became a clandestine organisation and organised a massive armed resistance against the Nazi occupation. At the Liberation, the party was the most important in France and had several ministers in the Provisional Government. However, its support to independentist movement in French Indochina and to strikes isolated it from other parties.

From the 1930s to the 1980s, the French Communist Party's line is close to the Soviet Union's. The collapse of the USSR in 1991 also affects the PCF, whose electoral support decreases rapidly.

Electoral results
-----------------

At the French 2007 legislative election, the PCF gained 4.29% of the votes, one of its worst results. However, the Communist party is still one of the most important party in some regions of France (Seine-Saint-Denis, Nord...), where it has been historically strong.

In 2009, the PCF created the "Left Front" (French: *Front de gauche*) with the Left Party, and ran as a part of this alliance in the 2009 European Parliament election and the 2009 Regional election, with some success.

Related pages
-------------

* Political Parties in France

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***French Communist Party***.

* (in French) Official website of the French Communist Party
* (in French) Official website of the Left Front
Miriam Makeba posing for a photo(1968)
**Zenzi Miriam Makeba** (March 4, 1932 - November 9, 2008), nicknamed **Mama Africa**, was a South African singer, actress, and activist. She was against racial segregation which happened during the 20th century in South Africa.She shaped the new transition of black empowerment through her nationally and somehow globally acclaimed music.

Early life
----------

Makeba was born in a town near Johannesburg, South Africa on March 4, 1932. Her town was segregated. Makeba started to sing in her school/church choir. She found comfort in singing and music.

Middle Life
-----------

Makeba started singing professionally in 1950. She first sang with her cousin's group. They were called the Cuban Brothers. She was also in two other groups called the Manhattan Brothers and the Skylarks. Makeba was in movies and musicals as well. She was in the musical *King Kong* in 1959, the movie *Come Back, Africa*, and she recorded music with Harry Belafonte.

*Come Back, Africa* criticized segregation in South Africa. The South African government banned her from South Africa. Harry Belafonte helped Makeba come to the United States of America. They became friends and made an album together. The album was called "An Evening with Belafonte/Makeba." They won a Grammy award in 1966 for that album.

Late Life
---------

Makeba married a jazz trumpet player named Hugh Masekela in 1964. Makeba divorced him in 1966. She then married Stokely Carmichael in 1968. He was a Civil Rights leader. She divorced him in 1978. Makeba came back to South Africa in 1990. The government started removing laws that made South Africa segregated. Makeba then died on November 9th 2008.
A **criticality accident**, or simply **a criticality**, is an accidental  nuclear fission chain reaction that goes out of control. These accidents are sometimes called **critical excursions**, **critical power excursions**, or **divergent chain reactions**. These reactions are the result of accidents involving fissile material (material that can undergo nuclear fission), and they can have very harmful results on the environment, as they let off large amounts of radiation.
During normal conditions, a critical reaction (a reaction that can keep itself going) only happens in safely guarded location. During a criticality, these reactions happen outside of these environments, or in a way that isn't safe. Criticality can be reached by solid materials (for example, metallic uranium), liquid materials, or by powder slurries.

Accident Types
--------------

There are two primary types of criticality accident: 

* **Process accidents**, where controls in place to prevent an accident are breached.
* **Reactor accidents**, in which someone controlling the criticality in a normally safe environment makes a mistake, resulting in an accident.

Effects
-------

During a criticality, there are a handful of effects that have been commonly noticed. 

##### Blue Glow

During criticality events, there is often a blue glow. This is because the molecules during the reaction are very energetic, and release this energy by glowing.

##### Heat Effects

Some people say they have felt a 'heat wave' during a criticality accident. It is unknown if this is caused by their psychological reaction to the event, or if this is a physical result. It is frequently seen alongside the blue glow.
Flag Ratio: 3:5
The national **flag of Bahrain** is a white band on the left, with a red area on the right split by five triangles.

Red is the traditional colour for flags of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. The five points are for the five pillars of Islam.

It is very similar to the flag of Qatar, but that flag is darker, has more points, and is longer than the Flag of Bahrain.

History
-------

The oldest known flags of Bahrain were plain red. In 1820, Bahrain made a treaty with the United Kingdom. A white stripe was added to show the truce. In 1932, a saw-like edge was added to make the flag of Bahrain different from its neighbours.

The flag first had twenty-eight white points. This was changed to eight in 1972. In 2002 the number was changed to five. This was so that each of the points could stand for one of the Five Pillars of Islam.

* Flag used from 1820 to 1932.Flag used from 1820 to 1932.
* Flag used from 1932 to 1972.Flag used from 1932 to 1972.
* Flag used from 1972 to 2002.Flag used from 1972 to 2002.
* Royal Standard since 2002.Royal Standard since 2002.
**Franz Josef Denzinger** (24 February 1821–14 February 1894) was a German architect and church builder. His works include numerous churches, including in Regensburg and Frankfurt am Main. He was born in Liège as the son of a university philosopher Ignacio Denzinger and Marie Thekla née Molitor. Franz Josef Denzinger was born in Liège as the son of the university professor of philosophy Ignaz Denzinger and his wife Marie Thekla née Molitor. The family moved to Würzburg in 1831, where the son attended grammar school and then studied "general" sciences at Julius Maximilians University, where his father taught as a full professor. From 1842/43 he studied engineering at the Royal Polytechnic Academy in Munich, as well as architecture at the Academy of Fine Arts. In 1846 he completed his training with the state examination as an engineer for the state building service for road, bridge and hydraulic engineering, in 1847 supplemented with the examination as an architect for civil engineering.
**Bartholomew Henry ''Bart'' Allen II** is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He is a speedster, the original character known as **Impulse**, the second **Kid Flash**, and the fourth hero known as **The Flash**. Originally born in the 30th Century as a descendant of the Allen Family, he traveled back to our time and became a member of the Flash Family. His grandfather is Barry Allen, and his mentors have included Wally West and Jay Garrick, along with Max Mercury. Originally given the codename *Impulse* for his impulsiveness, he became *Kid Flash* after learning greater self-control, and eventually *The Flash* when he grew up further. Bart was killed by the Rogues during *Full Throttle*, but resurrected as Kid Flash again during *Final Crisis*, he has been working alongside the other three Flashes since the events of *The Flash: Rebirth*. He is a founding member of **Young Justice** and a member of the **Teen Titans** and **Legion of Super-Heroes**.

In *The New 52* reboot, a new character appeared using the same name as the original Bart Allen. **Bar Torr** was a revolutionary from the 30th Century who was sent back to the 21st Century with no memories from his past. He took the alias **Kid Flash** and joined Red Robin's Teen Titans. Bart learned the truth of his origins when Johnny Quick exploited his status and sent the Titans to the future. Bar was briefly brought back by the Elite, but returned home to rescue his love interest, fellow Titan Solstice. The original Bart Allen made his return in *Flash War* as Impulse.

*Bart Allen* was created by Mark Waid and Mike Wieringo, first appearing in *The Flash (Volume 2) #91*. (1994)

Outside of comics, Bart has been portrayed by Kyle Gallner in the live-action television series *Smallville*. Jason Marsden voiced the character in the animated series *Young Justice*. Jordan Fisher portrays a variation of the character as the future son of Barry Allen and Iris West-Allen starting in the seventh season of The CW Arrowverse television series *The Flash* as a recurring character.
Conservation work area at the Smithsonian American Art Museum is visible to the public through floor-to-ceiling glass walls
**Conservation**, also known as **conservation and restoration**, is a job where people try to protect the important parts of a culture for the future. 

Conservation activities include examination, documentation, treatment, protection. All of this work is supported by research and education.

Definition
----------

In traditional terms, the role of the conservator involves the examination, conservation, and preservation of cultural heritage using "any methods that prove effective in keeping that property in as close to its original condition as possible for as long as possible."

The role of conservation is a kind stewardship.

The conservator has ethical guidelines, including

* Minimal intervention
* Materials and methods which can be undone if necessary
* Full documentation of all work

An appropriate conservation strategy requires good judgment, taking into account 

* the views of the owner of the object
* the heritage value and meaning of the object
* the physical needs of the material

Gallery
-------

This series of images shows the process of restoration of a mural in France.

* First archaeological search in the 19th century layerFirst archaeological search in the 19th century layer
* Re-painting of the 15th century image before restorationRe-painting of the 15th century image before restoration
* Image after restorationImage after restoration

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Conservation-restoration***.

* Metropolitan Museum of Art, What is Art Conservation?
* Liverpool Museum, Agents of Deterioration
Julius Ludwig August Koch was a German psychiatrist. He was born in 1841. His father ran an Insane Asylum. Koch became a chemist and then a doctor. Koch wanted to make Immanuel Kant’s ideas work with Christianity. Koch said philosophers criticizing Christianity was dangerous. He said the human mind was G-d giving humans Freedom.

Psychiatry
----------

Koch said that there were two types of criminals. Normal ones without any Mental disorder and Psychopaths. He also said that a lot of psychopaths weren’t the kind of people who would be found not guilty with the Insanity Defence because a lot of them were not technically insane. He still said that that people should want to helps Psychopaths get better instead of trying to punish them.

Types of Psychopathy
--------------------

Koch said that there were Psychopaths who were born Psychopaths called "congenital Psychopaths" and that there were Psychopaths who weren’t Psychopaths when they were born but later became Psychopaths called "Acquired psychopaths". Koch also said that Psychopaths didn’t have any hallucinations but that some of them had Moral Insanity. Koch said there were two types of Psychopathy called "Psychopathic disposition" and "Psychopathic degeneration".
**Cornish Rex** is a breed of cat. It has no hair. It is orginated from United Kingdom.

History
-------

History begins with a kitten born around 1950 in Cornwall. The kitten is described as a male with cream-colored fur named Kallibunker, having an unusual appearance, namely curly hair. hen it grew up, the owner mated it again with its mother. From the mating of the child and the mother, a male kitten and a female kitten were born, both with curly hair. The female was named Lamorna Cove and the male was named Poldhu. Lamorna Cove was then taken to America and crossed with a Siamese cat there. Thus a cornish rex kitten was born.

Characteristics
---------------

The cornish rex has an appearance that is very similar to the devon rex. However, the mutation process that occurs in them is much different, so it is forbidden to cross between these two types of cats. Cornish rex is a type of cat that does not cause allergies. This is not because of its short fur, but because the rex cornish body produces far fewer allergens than other types of cats.

Cornish rex coat colors and patterns are very diverse. According to the established standard, these cats can have solid colors (white, black, brown, orange, blue, purple, and cream), all types of tabby colors, two-tone, smoke, and color dots as in the Siamese standard.

Behavior
--------

Cornish Rexes tend to be playful and cheerful well into their old age. Some cats of this breed enjoy playing, running races and performing acrobatic jumps. They are also known to be adventurous and highly intelligent. Easily adapting to new environments, curious, and happy to explore the place it inhabits, so the they can be found inside the washing machine or sitting on top of the refrigerator.

Other websites
--------------


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Cornish Rex***.

* Cornish Rex Club of Canada - Cornish Rex cat breed association that promotes and protects the breed in Canada.
Satellite image of the island of Borneo on 19 August 2002, showing smoke from burning peat swamp forests
**Peat swamp forests** are forest wetlands in tropical and subtropical areas. They have poor drainage. Waterlogged soil prevents dead leaves and wood from decomposing fully. Over time, this creates a thick layer of acidic peat. They are made up of trees which are broadleaved (not conifers), and many other types of flowering plants. 

Peat swamp forests are usually surrounded by lowland rain forests on better-drained soils. There may be brackish or salt-water mangrove forests near the coast. 

These tropical swamp forests are quite different from the north temperate peat bogs in climates such as in Ireland. Temperate peat bogs are not caused by forests, but mostly by mosses such as *Sphagnum*, grasses, sedges and shrubs.

Ecology
-------

Peat swamp forest in Kalimantan
About 62% of the world’s tropical peat lands are in southeast Asia. In this area 80% is in Indonesia, 11% in Malaysia, 6% in Papua New Guinea, with pockets in Brunei, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Thailand. They have trees up to 70 m high. The spongy, unstable, waterlogged, anaerobic beds of peat can be up to 20 m deep with low pH (pH 2.9 – 4) and low nutrients. The forest floor is seasonally flooded. The water is stained dark brown by the tannins that leach from the fallen leaves and peat – hence the name ‘blackwater swamps’. During the dry season, the peat remains waterlogged and pools lie among the trees.

Tropical peatlands coexist with swamp forests in these tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests. In this biome vast amounts of carbon as soil organic matter store up – much more than natural forests contain. They are among the largest near-surface reserves of terrestrial organic carbon. Unfortunately, regardless of their importance, peat swamp forests are one of the most threatened, yet least studied and most poorly understood biotypes.

Draining and logging
--------------------

Large areas of these forests are being logged at high rates.
Since the 1970s, peat swamp forest deforestation and drainage have increased greatly. In addition, El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drought and large-scale fires are accelerating peatland devastation. This destruction increass the carbon release to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Tropical peatlands have already become a large CO2 source, but data is limited.

Tropical peat swamp forests are home to thousands of animals and plants, including many rare and critically endangered species such as the orangutan and Sumatran tiger, whose habitats are threatened by peatland deforestation.
**Universal+** (pronounced as **Universal Plus**), is a group of Latin American premium subscription television channels of United States origin. It focuses on the broadcast of exclusive movies and series that are not seen on other channels.

Ownership
---------

It is owned by NBCUniversal, operated by NBCUniversal International Networks. It is distributed by Ole Distribution, a joint venture between Ole Communications and WarnerMedia.

Kickoff
-------

The platform began operating in December 2018, previously as Universal TV+, offering content from various sister channels of NBCUniversal in Latin America, but with a login required from each operator. On December 4, 2020, the platform was renamed Universal+ again, although no service costs were specified.

Premium packages
----------------

Universal+ started a premium package on August 24, 2021, when several pages and social networks spread unofficial information about what could be the group of premium channels to be launched and marketed in Latin America, in this way that Ole Distribution I would bet on the premium television business with an additional charge, previously when HBO Latin America Group entered the premium television model, several years later its participation was sold to WarnerMedia.

In a leak of an official statement from DirecTV, details of the premium package were revealed, as well as the new channels to be marketed, including Universal Premiere, Universal Cinema, Universal Crime, Universal Comedy and Universal Reality.

The group was scheduled to start its broadcasts on December 2, 2021, initially on DirecTV and Sky. But due to technical problems, the launch was postponed on Sky in Mexico and Central America for December 3 of the same year, while for DirecTV was postponed to December 6.

Channels
--------

The group is made up of 5 premium channels with exclusive content, which are:

* **Universal Premiere**: It is focused on the broadcast of premiere movies, new seasons and series, it has 2 signals, East and West.
* **Universal Cinema**: Is focused on broadcasting the most outstanding award-winning films, it has 2 signals, East and West.
* **Universal Crime**: is focused on the broadcast of action, investigation and high-impact criminal series.
* **Universal Comedy**: is focused on the broadcast of movies and comedy series.
* **Universal Reality**: is focused on the broadcast of entertainment, game shows and reality shows, which has content from E! Channel.

Other websites
--------------

* Official website
The **Syrian hamster** (*Mesocricetus auratus*), also known as the **golden hamster**, is a breed of hamster. They first lived in Syria. They are also known as golden hamsters because the first ones kept as pets were gold coloured. Now there are over 100 different colours because of selective breeding. Little is known about their life in the wild. They are kept as pets in many countries including the United States, Canada most countries in Europe and many more.

Anatomy
-------

A Syrian hamster's anatomy is similar to other rodents. It is very close to other hamsters.

### Skeleton

#### Teeth

Syrian hamsters have 16 teeth. There are 4 incisors and 12 molars. There is a space between the incisors and the molars. That space is called the diastema.

#### Spine and tail

The spine, like in other animals, is made up of several bones called vertebrae. A Syrian hamster has 43-44 vertebrae. Thirteen to fourteen of them are in the tail.

#### Limbs

All hamsters have short legs. Because of this, their legs have small bones which can get broken more easily. Obese hamsters are more likely to have problems with their legs.

### Sense organs

Syrian hamsters have, like most animals, five senses. They can see, hear, touch, taste and smell. Although they don't see well in daylight, they are not colorblind: Syrian hamsters are nocturnal and can see blue-green colours but not red colours. They use their sense of smell to locate food, and their taste buds function in the same way as human tongues do.

Breeding
--------

Not much is known about Syrian hamster breeding in the wild. They have been bred well in captivity (i.e. in labs, by breeders and when kept as pets). People have learned a lot about their breeding. Breeding in captivity is probably the same as in the wild.

Syrian hamsters are believed to have the shortest gestation period of any animal. Their gestation is 16 days.

They also have a short ovulation period. Syrian hamsters come into heat once every 4 days for about 1-2 hours.

Lifespan
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The lifespan of a Syrian hamster is typically 2 to 3 years; however, it can occasionally be 4 years. Their longevity is influenced by genetics, environment, diet, activity, veterinary treatment, and stress. Providing them with the best possible care, which includes a healthy diet, roomy living quarters, mental stimulation, and careful handling, will improve their general well-being and lengthen their stay with you.

Other websites
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 Media related to Mesocricetus auratus at Wikimedia Commons  

 Data related to Mesocricetus auratus at Wikispecies
**Sheikh Hussein** is a town in southeastern Ethiopia. The famous shrine of the 13th century Muslim Sheikh Hussein, one of the holiest sites in Ethiopia, is here. 

Sheikh Hussein is a tentative UNESCO World Heritage site since 2011 due to its religious, cultural, and historical significance.

In December 2007, SATCON Construction, an Ethiopian-owned company, completed a four-year project to build a 170-kilometer road connecting Sheikh Hussein to Micheta town in West Hararghe Zone. This road was opened on December 19, 2007.

The holy shrine
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The town, Sheikh Hussein, got its name from a sacred place in Ethiopia. It is known for the tomb of Sheikh Hussein, a 13th-century Somali saint. He brought Islam to the Sidamo people in the area. Sheikh Hussein established the Sultanate of Bale. Pilgrims, around 50,000 Muslim Ethiopians, visit the town twice a yea to honor his birth and death. They carry small sticks, "Oulle Sheikh Hussein," and crawl through a small doorway to enter the saint's tomb.

Attendant visiting Sheikh Hussein tomb in Ethiopia.
The religious complex dedicated to Sheikh Hussein includes the town and the nearby valley of Kachamsare. In the 18th century, Emir Abd al-Shakur ibn Yusuf of Harar built a shrine to the Baghdadi saint Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani near Sheikh Hussein's tomb. The complex features landmarks like the Dinkiro pond, associated with a miraculous spring, and two wild fig trees called kiltu. There are also caves and rock formations with unique names, such as the "cave of serpents," "cave of herbs," and "cave of honey".
View of the former Kreditbanken building in Stockholm, Sweden. (photographed in 2005)
The **Norrmalmstorg robbery** was a bank robbery that happened at the Norrmalmstorg Square in Stockholm, Sweden, in August 1973. It was the first crime in Sweden to be covered on live TV. The robbery is known as the origin for the phrase "Stockholm syndrome".

Events
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The perpetrators were Jan-Erik Olsson, who was on leave from prison in August of 1973 when he went into a Kreditbanken in Norrmalmstorg and tried to rob it. Police were notified shortly after and arrived to the scene. One officer got injuries to his hand when Olsson opened fire at him. Olsson took 4 hostages and demanded his friend Clark Olofsson to be brought to the bank with him.

Olofsson was brought as a way to communicate with police negotiators. Negotiators said that they could have a car to escape but could bring the hostages with them if they wanted to leave. Olsson called Swedish prime minister, Olof Palme to say he would kill the hostages.

On August 26, police drilled a hole into the main vault from above. Olsson then shot into the hole twice which wounded one officer. Olsson fired his weapon then threatened to kill the hostages if the police tried gassing them. Regardless, the police used tear gas, where Olsson and Olofsson surrendered after 1 hour, with none of the hostages having any permanent injuries.
***Doom Eternal*** is the sequel to the video game Doom (2016). It can be played on the PC, Xbox One,PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series.

Similar to the story of Doom 2, the demons from Hell invade Earth. According to Id Software, they hoped to expand the Doom story much more than in the earlier Doom games. Places where the player goes include Earth, Mars, Phobos (one of Mars's moons), Sentinel Prime, Argent d'Nur, Nekravol, and even the game's version of Heaven, Urdak. Some of these planets have been taken over or are being taken over by the Hell dimension.

The monsters and weapons have been redesigned so that they look more like the ones in Doom and Doom 2. Each weapon received new attachments, so they play differently than they did in Doom (2016). The game also added new mechanics like extra lives, wall-climbing, air-dashing, swinging from monkey bars, and swinging from grappling hooks. The player also received a flamethrower so that they can gain armor points when they damage inflamed enemies. The game is designed where certain body parts of the demon enemies can be damaged, so attacking and destroying those body parts can disable certain attacks and make them easier to kill.

The game is designed to be much more difficult than the earlier games because the player has much less ammunition and the enemies are more aggressive.

The game has multiplayer like its prequel, but there is a new mechanic called Invasion Mode where players can play as demons and invade other players' campaigns to kill them, though Id Software said that players allowing this feature in their own campaigns would be up to themselves.

| * v
* t
* e
*DOOM* |
| --- |
| Main Games | *Doom* **·** *Doom 2* **·** *Doom 3* **·** *Doom 2016* **·** *Doom Eternal* |
| Other Games | *Doom 64* **·** *Doom Resurrection* **·** *Final Doom* |
**William Holden** (April 17, 1918 - November 12, 1981) was an American actor.

He was born in O'Fallon, Illinois on April 17 1918 and moved to South Pasadena, California when he was three. He was a star during the golden age of Hollywood. He began his career western movies, including *Arizona* and *Texas*. Holden starred in *The Man from Colorado* and *Rachel and the Stranger*. He won an Academy Award for Best Actor in *Stalag 17*. He was also nominated twice more for *Sunset Boulevard* (1951) and *Network* (1976). Among his best works in film highlights *Submarine Command* (1951), *Sabrina* (1954), *The Bridge on the River Kwai* (1957). He starred with John Wayne in *The Horse Soldiers* (1957), and with Richard Widmark in *Alvarez Kelly* (1966). In 1969, he played an outlaw leader, in the Sam Peckinpah film, *The Wild Bunch*. In the 1970s, Holden worked in *The Towering Inferno* (1974), and *When Time Ran Out* (1980). He played the role of Richard Thorn, the adoptive father of a child possessed by the devil, in the second film of *The Omen*, *Damien: Omen II* (1978).he died from bleeding from a fall at age 63 in Santa Monica California

Other websites
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***William Holden***.

* William Holden on IMDb
* William Holden at the TCM Movie Database
* William Holden at Find a Grave
* Profile @ Turner Classic Movies
* William Holden Wildlife Foundation
**Robert Mitchum** (August 6, 1917 – July 1, 1997) was an American actor.

Career
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He began his career by participating in small roles in movies The Human Comedy (1943), Follow the Band (1943), Beyond the Last Frontier (1943). Mitchum began to make known after playing the role of pilot Bob Gray, in war movie Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo (1944), from that film began to star in many war movies as Story of G.I. Joe (1945), is Capt. Bill Walker, fighting in North Africa during World War II. One Minute to Zero (1952), The Hunters (1958), The Enemy Below (1957), A Terrible Beauty (1960), The Longest Day (1962), Man in the Middle (1963), Anzio (1968), and Midway (1976).

Two of his best films are The Night of the Hunter (1955), by Charles Laughton, He plays a false Reverend Harry Powell, who marries a widow of Ben Harper, who before he died he hid the loot from a robbery at his home. 

In the J. Lee Thompson thriller Cape Fear (1962), He embodies the role of a former inmate and dangerous psychopath Max Cady who pursues the lawyer who defended him at his trial. The lawyer's role was played by Gregory Peck.

Mitchum also starred in some Western movies Rachel and the Stranger (1948), Blood on the Moon (1948), The Lusty Men (1952), River of No Return (1954), with Marilyn Monroe, Bandido (1956), What a Way to Go! with Shirley MacLaine (1964), with El Dorado (1966) with John Wayne, The Way West (1967) with Kirk Douglas, Villa Rides (1968), 5 Card Stud (1968) with Dean Martin, Young Billy Young (1969). 

With a tough-guy personality into his characters, he was able to work with the greatest directors of film as Robert Wise, John Farrow, Otto Preminger, Charles Laughton, Richard Fleischer, Jack Webb, Howard Hawks and Henry Hathaway.

Other websites
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* Robert Mitchum on IMDb
* Robert Mitchum at the TCM Movie Database
* Profile @ Turner Classic Movies
* Robert Mitchum's ashes at Find-A-Grave
* Photographs and literature
**Shehzad Tanweer** (15 December 1982 – 7 July 2005) was one of four Al Qaeda terrorists who exploded bombs in three trains on the London Underground and one bus in central London during the 7 July 2005 London bombings. 56 people were killed and over 700 hurt in the attacks.

Tanweer was named by Scotland Yard as the man who exploded a bomb while travelling towards the east on the Circle Line between Liverpool Street and Aldgate, killing both himself and seven of the 56 killed in total in the attacks. The other three men were found out to be Hasib Hussain, Germaine Lindsay, and Mohammad Sidique Khan. They all died in the explosions they set off.

Video statement
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On 6 July 2006, a video statement by Tanweer was published by Al-Jazeera. In the video, which included statements by al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri, Tanweer said:

"What have you witnessed now is only the beginning of a string of attacks that will continue and become stronger until you pull your forces out of Afghanistan and Iraq. And until you stop your financial and military support to America and Israel." Tanweer argued that the non-Muslims of Britain deserve such attacks because they voted for a government which "continues to oppress our mothers, children, brothers and sisters in Palestine, Afghanistan, Iraq and Chechnya" 

Tanweer's statements was clearer in making this link with British foreign policy than Mohammad Sidique Khan, the person thought to be the lead bomber. The video has also served to confirm thoughts that both Khan and Tanweer had contact with Ayman Al-Zawahiri and other senior figures in the Al-Qaeda organisation while in Dubai.

London bombing
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See the main article: 7 July 2005 London bombings
A few days before the bombing, Tanweer rented a red Nissan Micra from a local car-rental agency. His hair was also bleached due to the hydrogen peroxide he was using prior to the attack.

On 7 July, Tanweer, Khan, Hussain, and Lindsay are believed to have picked up the bombs from a house in the Leeds, hiding them in their rucksacks, then to have driven to Luton, Bedfordshire in the red Nissan, which he left parked in Luton railway station car park.
In Luton, the men went on the 07:23 Thameslink train, arriving at King's Cross in London at around 08.20 hours, where they went different ways and exploded their bombs.

The three London underground bombs exploded within 60 seconds of each other at 8:50 a.m.Tanweer travelled towards the east on the Circle line from Kings Cross, exploding his bomb on train number 204 between Liverpool Street and Aldgate stations, also killing at least seven people. The police found his body parts in the carriage he blew up.

After the bombings, police found other bombs in Tanweer's car, which would be dealt with by an explosive police team.
**Bulimia nervosa** (bulimia) is a disease and a type of eating disorder. It is when a person eats large amounts of food then will force themself to vomit it up or "purge". Other ways that they get it out of their body include laxatives and exercising. Most who have it feel that they are fat and want to be skinny.

Symptoms
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Most people with bulimia eat large amounts of food then make themselves vomit or purge. Typically, they will do this at least once a week or more often. Bulimic people often think about how their bodies look, and usually, the motive behind purging is the want to be skinny. The person may also have anorexia nervosa. However, most with bulimia have a normal weight or are overweight, which makes it difficult to know when someone has bulimia from just simply looking at them. It is also common to have calluses or bruising on the fingers from purging.

Risks
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Bulimia nervosa can cause many health problems. Because vomit has lots of acid in it, purging frequently can burn the person's mouth, throat, or teeth. One can lose nutrients or fluids in their body. Glands in one's throat and face may get larger and hurt. The immune system is weakened, as well as the possibility of muscle or heart problems.
Sometimes bulimia can cause difficulty breathing. This is because the acids that are in your mouth go to your lungs and damage the bronchioles. There is also feedback to the ego and a social stigma that may cause further psychological impact.

Statistics
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Most people who have bulimia are between the ages of 10 to 25. It is more common in females than it is in males. People who have had past trauma are more likely to be bulimic. People with obsessive compulsive disorder or perfectionism are also likely to have bulimia.

Related pages
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* Anorexia nervosa