The **First Minister and the deputy First Minister** (Irish: *Céad-Aire agus an leas-Chéad-Aire*, Ulster Scots: *Heid Männystèr an tha Heid Männystèr depute*), (FM/dFM for short), are jobs in the Northern Ireland Executive. The First Minister is not more important than the deputy First Minister. The two positions are a diarchy, meaning they have equal power; both are nominated and appointed by members of the Northern Ireland Assembly.

Currently, the position is vacant since the resignation of Paul Givan (DUP) as First Minister in February 2022. Before however, the incumbents were Paul Givan of the Democratic Unionist Party as First Minister and Michelle O'Neill of Sinn Féin as deputy First Minister.

Election
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Members of the Northern Ireland Assembly are divided into two groups, Nationalists and Unionists (although there are also some independent or "Other" members).

The First Minister and the deputy First Minister are elected on a joint ticket. Under the St Andrews Agreement, the Leader of the largest party nominates the First Minister, and the leader of the next largest party that is in the other group nominates the deputy First Minister.

Their joint nomination has to obtain an overall majority in the Assembly along with a majority of both designated Nationalist MLAs and designated Unionist MLAs. Designated Other MLAs also vote.

This diarchy was created to enable the leaders of the main unionist and nationalist parties to work together as a team jointly representing both communities.

"Deputy" becomes "deputy"
-------------------------

The first two holders of the office now known as "deputy First Minister", namely Seamus Mallon and Mark Durkan, were both referred to during their periods of office as "Deputy First Minister", with a capital D. This version was also adopted in 1999 for the logo of the OFMDFM.

Several weeks after Martin McGuinness took up office as Deputy First Minister in 2007, civil servants began asking the Assembly's Hansard team to replace the capital D with a lower-case d, deputy was spelled this way in the Northern Ireland Act 1998, the legislation which created the office.

It was neither Mr McGuinness nor his advisers who asked for the change. The Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly, William Hay, ordered the change and the capital D was dropped from Hansard references. The Office of the First and deputy First Minister still uses both versions of Mr McGuinness' title on their website, and their archive of press releases has been changed, but the capital D still appears in some places, and a spokesman confirmed on 20 March 2008 that the office has "no plans" to change the OFMDFM logo. However, the Assembly committee that looks at their work is now listed as the "Committee for the Office of the First Minister and deputy First Minister". It was decided that Mr McGuinness should be the deputy First Minister, unless all the other letters in the title are in capitals. Confusion is not completely resolved however; if Mr McGuinness writes to the Assembly committee, his note will have a letterhead that comes from the Office of the First Minister and *Deputy* First Minister, but he'll get a reply back from the Committee for the Office of the First Minister and *deputy* First Minister.

First Ministers and deputy First Ministers
------------------------------------------

Parties
  Ulster Unionist Party
  Social Democratic and Labour Party
  Democratic Unionist Party
  Sinn Féin

| First Minister of Northern Ireland | Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland | Government | Elections |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Name(Birth–Death)Constituency | Portrait | Term of office | Name(Birth–Death)Constituency | Portrait | Term of office |
|  | **David Trimble**(1944–2022)Upper Bann |  | 1 July 1998 | 1 July 2001 |  | **Seamus Mallon**(1936–2020)Newry and Armagh |  | 1 July 1998 | 6 November 2001 | First Executive | 1998 |
| ***Reg Empey***(b. 1947)Belfast East |  | 1 July 2001(acting) | 6 November 2001 |
| **David Trimble**(1944-2022)Upper Bann |  | 6 November 2001 | 14 October 2002 |  | **Mark Durkan**(b. 1960)Foyle |  | 6 November 2001 | 14 October 2002 |
| *Offices vacant* |
| 2003 |
|  | **Ian Paisley**(1926–2014)North Antrim |  | 8 May 2007 | 5 June 2008 |  | **Martin McGuinness**(1950–2017)Mid Ulster |  | 8 May 2007 | 20 September 2011 | Second Executive | 2007 |
|  | **Peter Robinson**(b. 1948)Belfast East |  | 5 June 2008 | 11 January 2010 |
| ***Arlene Foster***(b. 1970)Fermanagh and South Tyrone |  | 11 January 2010(acting) | 3 February 2010 |
| **Peter Robinson**(b. 1948)Belfast East |  | 3 February 2010 | 10 September 2015 |
| ***John O'Dowd***(b. 1967)Upper Bann |  | 20 September 2011(acting) | 31 October 2011 | Third Executive | 2011 |
| **Martin McGuinness**(1950–2017)Mid Ulster |  | 31 October 2011 | 9 January 2017 |
| ***Arlene Foster***(b. 1970)Fermanagh and South Tyrone |  | 10 September 2015(acting) | 20 October 2015 |
| **Peter Robinson**(b. 1948)Belfast East |  | 20 October 2015 | 11 January 2016 |
|  | **Arlene Foster**(b. 1970)Fermanagh and South Tyrone |  | 11 January 2016 | 9 January 2017 | Fourth Executive | 2016 |
| *Offices vacant* |
| 2017 |
|  | **Arlene Foster**(b. 1970)Fermanagh and South Tyrone |  | 11 January 2020 | 14 June 2021 |  | **Michelle O'Neill**(b. 1977)Mid Ulster |  | 11 January 2020 | 14 June 2021 | Fifth Executive |
|  | **Paul Givan**(b. 1981)Lagan Valley |  | 17 June 2021 | 4 February 2022 | 17 June 2021 | 4 February 2022 |
| *Offices vacant* |
| 2022 |
|

Other websites
--------------

* OFMDFM