recursal/SuperWikiNEXT-32B huggingface dataset:
**Akwid** is a Mexican group that combines the hip hop style with the Mexican regional music. Akwid starts the group in 2000 was known like **Juvenile Style.** The rappers Francisco "AK" Gómez and Sergio "Wikid" Gómez, who form Akwid, are brothers. They were born in Jiquilpan, Michoacán, but now live in Los Angeles, California.

Beginnings
----------

Sergio and Francisco Gómez were born in Jiquilpan, Michoacan, Mexico. They moved to the United States of America to the five and three years respectively. Educated in the streets of Los Angeles, discovered a musical talent and a big worry between the worlds of the "Hip Hop". The group was recognised and pressed effusively the fusion between the music and culture. Akwid gave life and identity to the people that represent the youth in the diverse communities around the world. Appointed pioneers of the gender, the Gómez brothers manage in the world of creation and expression through the music.

Discography
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The first album, *Proyecto Akwid*, won two Billboard Prizes and a Grammy to the Best Album of Alternative Latin/Rock.

The album Hoy, Ayer, and Forever remixes several songs of the album *2002 A.D.* Using his more recent style, the incorporation of the Mexican regional music. The album *KOMP 104.9 Radio Compa* is recorded in the form of a broadcast of a station of radio that only happens music of Akwid. Both albums are of the year 2004. His album *Los Aguacates de Jiquilpan* (2005) is recorded as if it was a tale of fairies that explains his arrival of Mexico to the United States. At present they have signed with the stamp Machete Music, that belongs to Universal musical group.

Akwid's song, "Chivas Explosivas!" It is the official hymn of the Sportive Club Chivas USA of the Major League Soccer

### Studio Albums

* *Proyecto Akwid* (Univision, 2003)
* *Komp 104.9 Radio Compa* (Univision, 2004)
* *Los Aguacates de Jiquilpan* (Univision, 2005)
* *E.S.L.* (Univision, 2006)
* *La Novela* (Univision, 2008)
* Classificado "R" (Machete Music, 2010)
* *Revolver* (Diwka, 2013)
* *The Atraco* (Diwka, 2015)

### Compilations

* *Crossover* (2-k Sounds, 2004)
* Hoy, Ayer, and Forever (2-k Sounds, 2004)
* *Siempre* (2-k Sounds, 2004)
* *Kickin' It Juntos* (with Jae-P), (Univision, 2005)
* *Still Kickin' It* (With Jae-P), (Univision, 2005)
* *Live in Japan* (Univision, 2006)
* *Dos en Uno* (Univision, 2006)
* *Greatest Exitos* (Univision, 2007)
* No Hay Manera and Muchos Exitos Mas: Linea de Oro (Univision, 2007)

Other websites
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* Akwid In Group of Music Univision ((English))
* Akwid Archived 2012-10-11 at the Wayback Machine In VH1
**Alexandra Dahlström** (born February 12, 1984) is a Swedish actress. She was born in Gävle, Sweden, and grew up in Stockholm. Her mother is Russian, and her father Swedish. She speaks Swedish, Russian, French, German, English, and Italian.

Career
------

Dahlström gained international attention in 1998, after starring as "Elin" in the movie *Fucking Åmål*. For this, she won the Guldbagge Award for Best Actress, together with Rebecka Liljeberg. After "Fucking Åmål" she receiving numerous offers to work in other movies, but she declined the offers, because she wanted to concentrate on finishing school. In 2002, Dahlström worked as assistant director and Russian translator,for Lukas Moodysson, with his movie *Lilya 4-ever*. From the 5 March 2007 Alexandra will be participating in the Dutch soap opera Goede Tijden, Slechte Tijden on RTL 4. She will play a Swedish exchanges student called Skylar Nilsson.

Personal life
-------------

She lived alone in Stockholm after graduating high school. She continued to act in theatre. After a several-year break, Dahlström again starred in the movie *Fröken Sverige* (Miss Sweden) gaining nice comments. During the autumn of 2004 she was the DJ for the biggest late night talk show in Sweden, called 'Late Night with Luuk', which she had been originally interviewed on in May 1998 with Rebecka Liljeberg for her acting in *Fucking Åmål*. After completing her studies, she now lives in Rome, Italy and is again pursuing a serious acting career.

Filmography
-----------

* *Sanning eller konsekvens* (1997)
* *St. Mikael* (series) (1998)
* *Fucking Åmål* (1998)
* *Kranes konditori* (theatre play) (1999)
* *In bed with Santa*, aka *Tomten är far till alla barnen* (1999)
* *En vacker värld* (theatre play) (2001)
* *La Carpe* (short movie) (2001)
* *Fröken Sverige* (2004)
* *Goede Tijden, Slechte Tijden* (TV series in The Netherlands) (2007)

Other websites
--------------

* Alexandra Dahlström fansite Archived 2008-05-12 at the Wayback Machine
* Alexandra Dahlström on IMDb
* Swedish story about new life as DJ Archived 2007-06-18 at the Wayback Machine

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Landsat 7 false-color image of the North Slope. The blue parts are ice. The Brooks Range is visible at the bottom. (June 2001)
Alaska North Slope, Spring 1950.
The **Alaska North Slope** is a region of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is on the northern slope of the Brooks Range along the coast of the Arctic Ocean. 

The North Slope is known for having lots of oil. The *National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska* and the *Prudhoe Bay Oil Field* are the two biggest areas where oil is found. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is there also, and there has been a lot of debate about drilling for oil there. The oil from the North Slope is pumped south in pipes, called the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, to Valdez where it is loaded onto ships.

Because the Alaska North Slope is very far north, it gets very cold there. Only the top of the soil, called tundra, melts each season. Because of this, most of the soil is frozen all the time. This frozen soil is called permafrost. On top of the permafrost, water flows in shallow braided streams. Some of it goes into ponds.

Other websites
--------------

 Media related to Alaska North Slope at Wikimedia Commons

| * v
* t
* e
State of Alaska |
| --- |
| **Juneau** (capital) |
| Topics | 
* History
* People
* Government
* Delegations

 |  |
| Regions | 
* Alaska Peninsula
* Aleutian Islands
* Arctic
* The Bush

* Interior
* Kenai Peninsula
* Mat‑Su Valley
* North Slope
* Seward Peninsula
* Southcentral
* Southeast
* Southwest

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| Largest cities  pop. over 25,000 | 
* Anchorage
* Fairbanks
* Juneau

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| Smaller cities  pop. over 2,000 | 
* Bethel
* Cordova
* Dillingham
* Homer
* Kenai
* Ketchikan
* Kodiak
* Kotzebue
* Nome
* North Pole
* Palmer
* Petersburg
* Seward
* Sitka
* Soldotna
* Unalaska
* Valdez
* Wasilla
* Wrangell
* Utqiaġvik

 |
| Boroughs | 
* Aleutians East
* Anchorage
* Bristol Bay
* Denali
* Fairbanks North Star
* Haines
* Juneau
* Kenai Peninsula
* Ketchikan Gateway
* Kodiak Island
* Lake and Peninsula
* Matanuska‑Susitna
* North Slope
* Northwest Arctic
* Petersburg
* Sitka
* Skagway
* Wrangell
* Yakutat
* Unorganized

 |
| Census Areas | 
* Aleutians West
* Bethel
* Dillingham
* Hoonah–Angoon
* Kusilvak
* Nome
* Prince of Wales–Hyder
* Southeast Fairbanks
* Yukon–Koyukuk

 |

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Coordinates: 69°03′28″N 152°51′46″W﻿ / ﻿69.0578758°N 152.8628274°W﻿ / 69.0578758; -152.8628274
**Altenbunslar** is one of the sixteen villages that form the town of Felsberg in Schwalm-Eder-Kreis, North Hesse, Germany. The nearest city is Kassel.

Geography
---------

Approximately 306 people live in the village.

The village is on the eastern bank of the Eder River. To the east of the village is the *Quillerwald* (English: *Quiller Forest*) or *Markwald* (English: *common forest*). This forest once belonged to all the villages around it. The people of the villages were allowed to cut down trees and to let animals feed there, but they were not allowed to hunt in the forest. The Eder River meets the Fulda River just 9 kilometres (5.6 miles) (5.6 mi) upstream from Altenbrunslar at Edermünde.

The bedrock is made up of differently-coloured sandstones. The hilly landscape is formed by way that the sandstone wears down evenly. Some steep hills are the remains of volcanoes. The volcanoes were active in this area about 15-20 million years ago.

History
-------

3000 years before the birth of Christ, the area was inhabited by a prehistoric people.

The name *Bruneslar* was first recorded in 1154. The name *Altenbrunslar* was first used in 1381. It was owned by a local knight.

In 1532 Altenbrunslar received a monk from a nearby monastery.

In the Middle Ages Altenbrunslar belonged to the town of Felsberg. This later became part of Napoleon's Kingdom of Westphalia and then it became part of the Kingdom of Prussia. On 1 February 1971, Altenbrunslar joined Neuenbrunslar to become the *Brunslar Community*. This in turn became part of the town of Felsberg on 1 January 1974.

A railway was constructed through the village in 1848. In 1849 Altenbrunslar received a railway station. On 3 September 1849 the first train came through Altenbrunslar, pulled by a locomotive called *Hassia*.

In the Second World War the Allies destroyed Edersee Dam on the night of 16-17 May 1943. A big flood wave hit the village half an hour later. The people of the village heard the news on the radio and ran into the forest. The water flooded the Eder valley. The bridge in Altenbrunslar was not knocked down by the water.

Buildings
---------

The sandstone bridge over the River Eder at Altenbrunslar
The first stone bridge over the Eder River at Altenbrunslar was built in 1885. Before this there was a wooden bridge in summer and a ferryman with a boat in winter.

The chapel in Altenbrunslar
The small chapel in Altenbrunslar is a protected building. It was built in the 10th Century. In 1861 a wooden second storey was built on the chapel. In 2000, the chapel was completely renovated. The villagers believe that the church bell came from the nearby village of Brechelsdorf. Brechelsdorf is a nearby village that was destroyed many years ago.

In popular media
----------------

Altenbrunslar was the *Dolles Dorf* (English: great village) in the Hessischer Rundfunk television programme of the same name. A ten-minute movie about the village was first shown on 25 August 2012. It can be seen still on the "Dolles Dorf" HR website[*permanent dead link*].

Other websites
--------------

* Official website of the village Archived 2013-08-21 at the Wayback Machine
The **Amphipod**s are an order of malacostracan crustaceans. They have no carapace. 

The name *amphipoda* means "different-footed". Unlike isopods, where all the legs are alike, amphipods have different appendage types. 

Of the 7,000 species, 5,500 are classified into one suborder, the Gammaridea. The rest are in two or three other suborders. 

Amphipods range in size from 0.1 to 34 centimetres (0.04 to 13 inches) and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. They live in almost all aquatic environments; 750 species live in caves and the order also includes terrestrial animals and sandhoppers such as *Talitrus saltator*. The largest amphipods live on the sea floor, seven kilometres down.

Reproduction and life cycle
---------------------------

Mature females bear a *marsupium*, or brood pouch, which holds her eggs while they are fertilised, and until the young are ready to hatch. As a female ages, she produces more eggs in each brood. Mortality is around 25%–50% for the eggs. There are no larval stages; the eggs hatch directly into a juvenile form, and sexual maturity is generally reached after 6 moults.
This article is about the ancient city in Turkey. For the Etruscan god, see Ani (god).
The walls of Ani showing a defensive tower
**Ani** (Armenian: Անի) is a ruined and uninhabited medieval city-site in Turkey. It is in the province of Kars, beside the border with Armenia. It was once the capital of a medieval Armenian kingdom that covered much of present-day Armenia and eastern Turkey.

At the height of its great times, Ani had a population of 100,000 - 200,000 people and was the rival of Constantinople, Baghdad and Cairo. Long ago renowned for its splendor and magnificence, Ani has been abandoned and largely forgotten for centuries.

History
-------

Armenian chroniclers first mention Ani in the 5th century AD. They describe it as a strong fortress built on a hilltop and a possession of the Armenian Kamsarakan dynasty.

By the early 9th century the former territories of the Kamsarakans in Arsharunik and Shirak (including Ani) had been incorporated into the territories of the Armenian Bagratuni dynasty. Their leader, Ashot *Msaker* (Ashot the Meateater) (806-827) was given the title of *ishkhan* (prince) of Armenia by the Caliphate in 804.

### Other monuments

There are many other minor monuments at Ani. These include a convent known as the Virgins' chapel; a church used by Chalcedonian Armenians; the remains of a single-arched bridge over the Arpa river; the ruins of numerous oil-presses and several bath houses; the remains of a second mosque with a collapsed minaret; a palace that probably dates from the 13th century; the foundations of several other palaces and smaller residences; the recently excavated remains of several streets lined with shops; etc.

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Other websites
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* Virtual Ani - has clickable maps, extensive history and photos
The **American Museum of Natural History** is a museum about science. It is one of the biggest and most-visited museums in the world.

The museum is made of 25 connected buildings in Theodore Roosevelt Park on the Upper West Side, Manhattan, New York, USA. It has 46 exhibition halls, a lot of laboratories, a research library, and more than 34 million specimens and artifacts.

More than 200 scientists work at the museum, researching biology, paleontology, earth science, astrophysics, and anthropology. Its graduate school awards doctorate degrees in biology and masters degrees in education. The museum also provides education programs for children and adults, including for teachers.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***American Museum of Natural History***.

Hungry Allosaurus greets arriving visitors in the Main Lobby of the museum
Famous people who have worked at the museum include Teddy Roosevelt, Franz Boas, Margaret Mead, and Neil DeGrasse Tyson.

Other websites
--------------

* AMNH American Museum of Natural History main website
* History of the AMNH Archived 2007-11-11 at the Wayback Machine
* Library collection is searchable online.

Coordinates: 40°46′52″N 73°58′27″W﻿ / ﻿40.781033°N 73.974174°W﻿ / 40.781033; -73.974174

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***Arc the Lad Collection*** is a compilation of the *Arc the Lad* RPG's for the PlayStation. The games were localized by Working Designs. Plans to localize to the game that changes by ARC Entertainment in 2002.

The games are form into a trilogy, with a continuous story throughot each. Athough Arc is the primary portagonist, each game features a new lead character. *Arc the Lad* sets the stages for the next two games, and follows Arc and Kukuru as they discover a plot to restore the Dark One. *Arc the Lad II* introduces Elc, a young Hunter that becomes tangled in the plot and eventually joins the battleagaints the Dark One. And *Arc the Lad III* features Alec, a young Hunter with a mysterious past.

Every game expands on the previous one, *Arc the Lad II* features a much larger and less linearworld than its predecessor, and it brings back of the first game, in addition to featuring a new group of characters. *Arc the Lad III* features an upgraded graphic system, replacing the sprite backdrops of the irst two games, with three-dimensional backgrounds.

Other websites
--------------

* *Arc the Lad Collection* at MobyGames
Liberty Island, New York City, New York, U.S.
The **American Dream** is the hope that in the United States of America, anyone can become successful if they work hard and try their very best.

Immigration
-----------

Many migrants, people who come to America from other countries, come to America because they hope for a better life. America is attractive to migrants, because often there is more freedom to become rich or famous than the country that they leave. The standard icon of the American Dream is the Statue of Liberty.

To Live Freely
--------------

**American Dream** also meant to live freely and equally with all other people in the United States. 

The American Dream is also a main theme in the book by John Steinbeck, *Of Mice and Men*. The two friends George and Lennie dream of their own piece of land with a ranch, so they can "live off the fatta the lan'" and just enjoy a better life. 

But the symbolism shows this is **futile** due to the fact that it will never happen, and Lennie ends up being shot in the back of the head as a mercy killing, like Candy's dog. This shows that not everyone can achieve the American dream, thus proving by contradiction it is not possible.

*The Great Gatsby*
------------------

Although it is possible to achieve the American dream for few. A lot of people follow the American dream to achieve a greater chance of becoming rich. This was easier in the 1900s and now it is really hard to achieve the American dream because of all the competition and hard work required to achieve this dream. This is also shown in *The Great Gatsby*.
Pai mosque
**Amphoe Pai** is small district in the northeast of the province of Mae Hongson, Thailand. Pai is very famous for Thai and foreign visitors. There are many important rivers flowing through the district.

Amphoe Pai is made up of seven Tambon (local government areas) and 66 villages. The Tambon are:

1. Wiang Tai which has 8 villages
2. Wiang Nuea which has 10 villages
3. Mae Na Toeng which has 14 villages
4. Mae Hi which has 6 villages
5. Thung Yao which 12 villages
6. Mueang Paeng which has 9 villages
7. Pong Sa which has 7 villages

History
-------

Amphoe Pai was settled back in human prehistory. The Pai area part of the kingdowm of King Mungrai, or Mung Rai during the 1200s. In 1774-1784 Pai was developed into village and then developed into Amphoe Pai.

Tourist attractions
-------------------

Many people come to Amphoe Pai to visit:

1. Morpang waterfall
2. Krang temple
3. Pratadsrivichai temple
4. Nam Hu temple
5. Krareang Maping villages
6. Pagoda Pratadmayen
7. Pongnamrontapai
8. Mayen waterfall
9. Kongland
10. Mueang Pang hot spring
11. Huaijogluang
The **American Film Institute** (**AFI**) is an independent, organization that is designed not to make money created by the National Endowment for the Arts, which was started in 1967 when President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act.

George Stevens, Jr. was the first CEO. Since 1980, Jean Picker Firstenberg has been CEO.

Older figures in AFI's Conservatory train newer people.

The institute also wants to keep old film, which could soon be destroyed.

Even though its name only mentions film, AFI also works on television and video.

In 1973, the AFI began handing out Life Achievement Awards.

In 1998, when American cinema had existed for 100 years, AFI began its 100 Years Series, which helped people become interested in the history of movies.

Recently, it built and started the AFI Silver theatre in Silver Spring, Maryland near Washington, D.C.

AFI 100 Years series
--------------------

In honour of the hundredth birthday of American cinema, the AFI has made several lists of the best movie-related things:

* 1998: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies
* 1999: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars
* 2000: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs
* 2001: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills
* 2002: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Passions
* 2003: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains
* 2004: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Songs
* 2005: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes
* 2005: AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores
* 2006: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers

Other websites
--------------

* Official Website
* History of AFI
* AFI Los Angeles Film Festival - History and Information Archived 2009-07-17 at the Wayback Machine
Alexander Tolmer
**Alexander Tolmer** (1815—1890) was the man in charge of the South Australian police force. Born in England to French parents, he studied to be a teacher of languages. He joined the army and saw action in Portugal from 1826—1833 during the civil war. Tolmer moved to South Australia in 1836, where Governor George Gawler thought his background in the cavalry would make him the right person to set up a group of mounted police.

In 1852 Tolmer became the police commissioner. He led a group of police from South Australia to the Victorian gold fields and escorted a load of gold back to Adelaide.

In 1856 after a number of small arguments with his offices, Tolmer was removed as commissioner. He tried farming, but this was unsuccessful. He tried to lead an exploring group to cross Australia from south to north, but this also failed before it left Adelaide. He became a ranger for crown lands in 1862 and retired in 1885. He died at Mitcham, South Australia, on 7 March 1890.

Other websites
--------------

* Photograph of Alexander Tolmer
Flag of the Apalachee Nation
The **Apalachee** were a Native American people who historically lived in the Florida Panhandle.

History
-------

The Apalachee occupied the site of Velda Mound starting about 1450 CE. They had left the area before the Spanish came in the 17th century. They first saw Spanish explorers in the 16th century. This is when the Hernando de Soto expedition arrived. They lived between the Aucilla River and Ochlockonee River, at the head of Apalachee Bay. This was an area known to Europeans as the Apalachee Province.

The Spaniards had created Catholic missions throughout their province by the early 1600s. The Apalachee were farmers and noted warriors. By 1655 there were eight towns, each with a mission. In addition to the Spanish, each town had an Apalachee population of between 6,000–8000. The British with their Creek allies often raided the Apalachee and Spanish towns. In 1703 a British army and hundreds of Creek warriors attacked the territory. The Apalachee were nearly destroyed. The survivors, who numbered about 1400, dispersed. Over time many Apalachee mixed in with other groups, particularly the Creek Confederacy. Others found protection with the French in what is now Alabama and Louisanna. About 300 descendants in Rapides Parish, Louisiana, claim an Apalachee identity today.

Language
--------

The Apalachee spoke a Muskogean language called Apalachee. The language is now extinct.

Other websites
--------------

* The Apalachees of Northwest Florida
* Apalachee Before European Contact[*permanent dead link*]
Coordinates: 25°25′46″N 49°37′19″E﻿ / ﻿25.42944°N 49.62194°E﻿ / 25.42944; 49.62194

**Al-Ahsa**, sometimes **Al-Hasa**, **El Hasa**, or **Hadjar** is a traditional oasis region in eastern Saudi Arabia. The oasis is about 60 km inland from the Persian Gulf.

Al-Hasa oasis, also known as Al-Ahsa oasis, is the largest oasis in the world, with an area of 85.4 km2 (33.0 sq mi) and 2.5 million palm trees.
Al-Ahsa is part of the region known historically as Al-Bahrayn. It includes the eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula down to the borders of Oman. It also includes the island of Awal (modern-day Bahrain).

Al-Hasa has one of the largest numbers of Shia Muslims in mostly Sunni Saudi Arabia.

With an area of around 85.4 km2 (33.0 sq mi), Al-Ahsa Oasis is the largest oasis in the world. There are more than 2.5 million palm trees including date palms in the oasis, which is fed from a huge underground aquifer and irrigated by the flow of more than 280 artesian springs, which allows agriculture all year round in a region that is otherwise sand desert.

Main cities and villages
------------------------

* Al Hofuf: capital city and has lots of traditional markets.
* Al Mubarraz: large city with many big markets.
* Al-Omran: has more than 15 villages and well known for the many farms.
* Shaybah: oil town in the Empty Quarter.
* More than 50 Villages.
**Surah Al-An'am** (Arabic: سورة الأنعام, "meaning the animal") Muslim religious texts of the Qur'an 6 Number of Surat , the number of verses 165 and the number of rukura. This Surah was revealed in Makkah. This Surah Allah's Oneness, punarutthana, Heaven and Hell have been discussed.

Name
----

In this Surah, in the 16th and 18th Ruku, the imaginary and superstitious idea of ​​the Arabs regarding the prohibition of some An'am (domesticated animals) and the halal of some of them has been refuted. In this context, this Surah has been named Al An'am.

Time of revelation
------------------

According to Ibn 'Abbas, this entire Surah was revealed in Makkah at the same time. Hazrat Asma bint Yazid , the cousin of Hazrat Muaz Ibn Jabal , said that this Surah was revealed while the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was riding on a camel. Then I was holding the reins of her camel. Under the weight of the burden, the camel's condition had reached such a level that it seemed as if this understanding would break her bones. It is also clearly stated in the hadith that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) recorded this Surah on the night it was revealed.

If we think about its subject matter, it is clear that this Surah would have been revealed towards the end of the Meccan period. The narration of Hazrat Asma bint Yazid also proves this to be true. Because he belonged to the Ansar. After the migration he converted to Islam. If he had attended the service of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in Makkah out of sheer devotion before accepting Islam, he would surely have been in the last year of his stay in Makkah. Earlier, his relationship with the people of Yasreb was not so close that one of their women could come to his service.

Other websites
--------------

* Quran 6 Clear Quran translation

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**Agustín Ross Cultural Centre** (Spanish,  *Centro Cultural Agustín Ross*), previously known as **Casino Ross** (*Ross Casino*), is a historic casino building. It is in Agustín Ross Avenue, in front of Ross Park, in Pichilemu, Chile. The building was built in the late 1800s. In 1906 the first Chilean casino was built there. It was closed in 1932 and converted into a hotel which was open until the 1980s. The building is now Pichilemu's cultural centre.

History
-------

Agustín Ross, circa 1915.
Ross Casino, in 1935.
The casino is named after Agustín Ross Edwards, a Chilean writer, member of parliament, minister and politician. He was part of the powerful family Ross Edwards, which founded the newspaper *El Mercurio* years earlier. Based on his european experience, Ross bought a place named "*La Posada*" (English: *The Inn*) or Petren Fund in 1885. At that time, it was just some barracks with thick walls with a ground of 300 hectares.

The old Ross Casino was constructed in the late 1800s by Ross himself. It contained the first mail and telegraph service and a big store. The building had three floors, and was raised using imported materials. In January 20, 1906, the first Chilean casino was opened in that building. The Ross Casino worked until 1932, when the permission was cancelled, allowing just the newly constructed Viña del Mar Casino to work. After the closing of the Ross Casino, the building was converted into a hotel was which functioned until the 1980s.

The old casino (1905) and its gardens (1885) are an important part of the city. It was named Historic Monument by the National Monuments Council on February 25, 1988, by the supreme decree N° 100.

Ross was also the administrator of the great Juana Ross de Edwards fortune, the Nancagua Hacienda, near the city of same name. He designed an urban set of high environmental value and landscape, transforming "*La Posada*" to a hotel (*Great Hotel Pichilemu*, later *Hotel Ross*, or *Ross Hotel*). 
Ross also built several chalets, terraces, embankments, stone walls, a balcony in front of the beach and several large houses with imported building materials and furniture from France and England. Additionally, he put up a park and a forest of more than 10 hectares. Ross turned Pichilemu into a summer resort town for rich people from Santiago. He, however, could not build a dock for the city, as he had planned.

In 1935, the Ross successors ceded to the Illustrious Municipality of Pichilemu all the Ross constructions (streets, avenues, squares, seven hectares of forests, the park in front of the hotel, the perrons and the terraces) under condition that the municipality hold them for recreation and public access.

The Cultural Centre was severely damaged after the February 2010 Chile earthquake. The library that it hosted was completely destroyed. After the 2010 Pichilemu earthquake, the Cultural Centre suffered structural damage, but Roberto Córdova, Mayor of Pichilemu, said that it was repairable.
**Alexander "Alex" Williams** (born October 18, 1967 in London, England) is an English television and film animator and cartoonist. He is the son of animator Richard Williams. He has worked on many animated television series, and is the author of the *Queens Counsel* cartoon strip in *The Times*, for which he was awarded the Cartoon Art Trust Award for Strip Cartooning in October 2017.

In June 1987 Williams was 19 years old and in his first year of studies at the University of Oxford when he started work as an in-betweener on *Who Framed Roger Rabbit*, working under animator Simon Wells and later as an assistant animator to Marc Gordon-Bates. Williams initially worked unpaid as an intern, and was later invited by producer Patsy de Lord to work on the film full-time. The university agreed to his taking a suspension of studies for a year. The following year, in 1988, he joined the Disney-MGM Studio in Orlando, Florida, working on the short film RollerCoaster Rabbit.

Animation
---------

His work as an animator includes *Who Framed Roger Rabbit* (1988), *The Princess and the Cobbler* (1993), *The Lion King* (1994), *Quest for Camelot* (1998), *The Iron Giant* (1999), *The Road to El Dorado* (2000), *Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron* (2002), *Piglet's Big Movie*, *Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas* (2003), *Robots* (2005) and *Open Season* (2006).
**ABC** (originally **Vice Versa**) are an English pop and new wave group. They formed in Sheffield, England in 1980.

ABC achieved ten UK and five US Top 40 hit songs between 1981 and 1990. Their first studio album was *The Lexicon of Love* (1982). It was a success in the United Kingdom. In the United States, the early-1980s success saw them tied to the Second British Invasion.

The band's first single, "Tears are Not Enough", made UK the Top 20 in 1981. They had three Top 10 hits in 1982. They were: "Poison Arrow", "The Look of Love" and "All of My Heart".

The group's second album, *Beauty Stab* was released in November 1983. This second album had a substandard performance. Its first song, "That was Then but This is Now" briefly appeared in the UK Top 20. In early 1984, the album's second song, "SOS", had a Top 40 showing.

From the late 1980s until the early 2020s, the band issued a number of other albums. They include *Up* (1989), *Abracadabra* (1991) and *The 80s Recovered* (2015).
A pony girl, a Folsom Street Fair, in 2005
A man crawling like a dog, at Folsom Street Fair
thumbA woman in a kitten outfit
**Animal roleplay** or **pet play** is a form of sexual roleplay, where at least one person behaves and acts like an animal. It is common in the context of BDSM, where the submissive person usually acts like the animal, and the dominant person plays its master. The animals that are imitated usually are domesticated animals. 

* ***Pony play*** / horseplay: The submissive imitates a horse; commonly, he/she will pull a cart
* **Puppy play** / dogplay: The submissive acts like a dog
* **Kitten play** / cat play: The submissive acts like a kitten

The people who imitate the animals are either completely naked, or they wear special clothing, for example clothing that imitates a harness for ponyplay, or a leash for dogplay/catplay.

Other forms also exist, but are less common. Note also, that this is a form of roleplay, between adults who agreed. It is not about sexual relations with animals (which is called zoophilia, and forbidden in most countries).
This article is about the mythical Greek figure. For Galaxy, see Andromeda Galaxy.
Perseus saves Andromeda
In Greek mythology, **Andromeda** (Greek: Ἀνδρομέδα, *Androméda* or Ἀνδρομέδη, *Andromédē*) is an Aethiopian princess, the daughter of King Cepheus and his wife Cassiopeia. When Cassiopeia boasted that her daughter was more beautiful than the Nereids, this angered the sea god Poseidon, who sent the sea monster Ceto to ravage the land as punishment. Desperate, King Cepheus consulted the Oracle of Delphi, who stated that Andromeda must be offered as a sacrifice to the sea monster; Andromeda was then chained to a rock by the shore. When the hero Perseus saw Andromeda (having flown over after beheading Medusa), he killed the sea monster and saved Andromeda. They were soon married, with Perseus going on to found the city of Mycenae. By Perseus, she is the mother of Perses, Alcaeus, Heleus, Mestor, Sthenelus and Electryon as well as two daughters Autochthe and Gorgophone. Andromeda is also the great-grandmother of Herakles. 

In Greek, her name means "ruler of men," from ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός (*anēr*, *andrós* - "[of] man"), and *medon* ("ruler"). 


Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Andromeda***.
Surah an-Nisā, is a chapter of the Quran regarding women.
**Surah An-Nisa** ( Arabic: سورة النساء, Sūratu an-Nisā, meaning "female") is the fourth surah of the Muslim religious book, the Qur'an , with 176 verses and 24 ruku's. Surah An-Nisa has been revealed in Medina. This surah talks about how Muslims should lead their lives and stay united.

Time and content of the revelation
----------------------------------

This Surah is the sum of several speeches. Probably from the end of the third Hijri to the end of the fourth Hijri or from the beginning of the fifth Hijri, different parts of it were revealed at different times. Although it is not possible to say exactly from which verse to which verse a revelation was included in a speech and what was the time of its revelation, some provisions and events have been pointed out somewhere to help us know the date of their revelation from tradition.. So with the help of these we can point out a general limit of these speeches containing these provisions and hints.

As we know, the provisions regarding the distribution of inheritance and the rights of orphans were revealed after the battle of Uhud. Then seventy Muslims were martyred. As a result of this incident, the question arose as to how the inheritance of the martyrs would be distributed in different houses of the small settlements of Medina and how the interests of the orphans they had left would be preserved. On the basis of this, we can assume that the first four verses, and the first three verses of the fifth verse will have been revealed at this time.

We find in the hadith the tradition of reciting the prayer of fear (praying while fighting) in the battle of Jatur Rika. This battle took place in the fourth Hijri. So it can be inferred here that the speech (15 Ruku) in which the rules of prayer have been explained will have been revealed in the near future.

Bani Nadir was expelled from Medina in the month of Rabiul Awwal of the fourth Hijri. Therefore, the last warning given to the Jews in this speech, "Believe me before I disfigure your face," can be presumed to have been revealed at a very near time.

Tayammum was allowed due to lack of water during the battle of Banil Mustaliq. And this battle took place in the fifth Hijri. Therefore, it should be remembered that the speech in which (7th Ruku) mentioned Tayammum was revealed at that time.

Other websites
--------------

* Media related to An-Nisa at Wikimedia Commons
* "Qur'anic Verses (4: 94-100, 100-105)" is a digitized manuscript of *an-Nisā*, dating from the 12th century, from the World Digital Library
* Quran 4 Clear Quran translation
* Q4:126, 50+ translations, islamawakened.com

| Authority control Edit this at Wikidata |
| --- |
| International | 
* FAST
* VIAF

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| National | 
* Germany
* Israel
* United States

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| Other | 
* IdRef
* İslâm Ansiklopedisi

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**Aldus Pius Manutius** (ca. 1452 – February 6, 1515) was a person who printed books in Venice, Italy during the Italian Renaissance. He started a company to print books called the Aldine Press in 1494. He was one of the first people to use modern printing ideas. He also printed small books that were easy to carry.

Early life and printing press
-----------------------------

Bust of Aldo Manuzio. Panteon Veneto; Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti
Manutius was born in Bassiano, in the Papal States, in what is now the province of Latina, about 100 km south of Rome. He was born during the Italian Renaissance period. His family was well off, and in the early 1470s Manutius was sent to Rome to be taught as a scholar of human society and culture. He studied Latin under Gaspare da Verona and was also taught by Domizio Calderini. In 1475–1478 he studied Greek in Ferrara, under Guarino da Verona.

Manutius became a citizen of the town Carpi in March 1480. In 1482 he went to live in Mirandola with his old friend and fellow student, Giovanni Pico, while staying away from the Venetian army. He lived there for two years, learning about Greek literature. Before Pico moved to Florence, he made Manutius the teacher to his sister's sons, Alberto and Leonello Pio, who were young royal sons of the town of Carpi. In Carpi, Manutius grew close with his student, Alberto Pio. At the end of the 1480s Manutius created two works addressed to his two students and their mother, Caterina Pico. Both works were printed by Baptista de Tortis in Venice — *Musarum panagyris* with its *Epistola Catherinae Piae*, March/May 1487 – March 1491 and the *Paraenesis*, 1490. This would serve as Manutius's start in publishing.

Aldine Press
------------

In 1494 Manutius made the Aldine Press in Venice. The Aldine Press printed its first material in February 1495. Pier Francesco Barbarigo owned half of the Aldine Press. Andrea Torresani owned the other half. Manutius shared part of what Torresani owned with him. Aldus Manutius wanted to save ancient Greek literature. He wanted to make it so that everybody could read what the Greeks had written a very long time ago. He did this by printing copies of things they had written. He wanted to make the letters he used in printing to look like the handwriting of Latin and Greek humanists. People in Venice usually wrote in curly connected letters. Printing presses only used square looking letters back then. By making letters that were all connected and curly, Manutius could make the things he printed more personal. Manutius paid Francesco Griffo of Bologna to make the new letters used in the printing press. The letters that Griffo made were used to print Cardinal Pietro Bembo's *De Aetna* in 1495. These letters were also the first model of italic type. The letters were used until 1501.
**Arch Linux** (usually just called **Arch**) is a Linux-based operating system for 64-bit computers. It mostly has free software included with it, and supports community involvement.

Arch Linux focuses on elegance, code correctness, minimalism, and simplicity, and to use it, the user needs to have a motive to learn about it. A package manager made only for Arch Linux named "pacman" can be used to install, remove and update packages of software on the computer.

History
-------

Arch Linux was inspired by CRUX, another minimalist Linux distribution.

Originally, Arch Linux was only for 32-bit x86 systems, but 64-bit was supported in April 2006. In January 2017, 32-bit support was discontinued, but a derivative by the community called Arch Linux 32 has been produced for 32-bit systems.

Installation
------------

Unlike other Linux distributions like Ubuntu, Arch Linux's installation requires the user to enter commands manually. This can be scary for beginners, but the wiki suggests that new users can still install Arch Linux by investing time and effort.

Package Management
------------------

Pacman is the official package manager of Arch Linux. It was written in the C programming language by Judd Vinet. The package manager handles all the packages on the system, and does installation, removal, upgrades, and more.

As a rolling release system, Arch Linux's repositories are being constantly updated.

### Arch Build System (ABS)

The Arch Build System is a system that automatically makes packages from a PKGBUILD file. The makepkg tool can convert these files into packages which are recognized by pacman, downloading all the source code specified and compiling it.

### Arch User Repository (AUR)

The Arch User Repository is a repository for PKGBUILD scripts made by users. This allows users to install packages otherwise not in the official repositories.
**Air Åland Ab** is an airline from Åland. Air Åland doesn't fly the routes by itself, it uses other airlines. Swedish airline NextJet has been operating the flights 

The company was based as an airlines in 14th of January 2005 and started flying 29th of October 2005 with Mariehamn-Helsinki-route. The company opened its 2nd route in 13th of March 2006. between Mariehamn and Stockholm (Arlanda). Air Åland ceased flying in 2012 because FlyBe started flying the Helsinki-Mariehamn-route. 

Also the company operates charter flights. Air Åland's flights' host used to be UAB Nordic Solutions Air Services with four Saab 340-prop airliners (Registration: LY-DIG, LY-ISR, LY-KXE and LY-RIK). The operator changed its name to Avion Express because the owner changed. After that the flights were handled by a Swedish Avitrans Nordic. During the winter 2008 Air Åland expanded its career with the Wingo xprs company. Wingo xprs started a route Turku-Tampere-Oulu, which was operated by Air Åland until 19th of June 2008. 

Nextjet starts flights from Mariehamn to Turku on the 2nd of April 2012, and it will be flown once everyday, except Sundays.
The **2007 French presidential election** was a presidential election in France that took place on 21–22 April and 5–6 May 2007. The incumbent president, Jacques Chirac, decided not to run for a third term.

The main candidates were Arlette Laguiller from Lutte Ouvrière, Nicolas Sarkozy from the Union for a Popular Movement, Ségolène Royal from the Socialist Party, François Bayrou from the Union for French Democracy, Jean-Marie Le Pen from the National Front, Olivier Besancenot from the Revolutionary Communist League, Philippe de Villiers from the Movement for France, Marie-George Buffet from the French Communist Party, Dominique Voynet from The Greens, José Bové, Frédéric Nihous from Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Tradition and Gérard Schivardi from the Workers' Party.

On 22 April 2007, Nicolas Sarkozy won 31.2% of the vote and Ségolène Royal winning 25.9% of the vote. Both candidates advanced to the second round of the election, which Nicolas Sarkozy later won with 53.1% of the vote.

Results
-------

First-round results by department
  Nicolas Sarkozy  Ségolène Royal  François Bayrou
Second-round results by department
  Nicolas Sarkozy  Ségolène Royal

| First round22 April 2007 | Second round6 May 2007 |
| --- | --- |
| Candidate | Votes | % | Votes | % |
|  | **Nicolas Sarkozy** | **11,448,663** | **31.18%** | **18,983,138** | **53.06%** |
|  | Ségolène Royal | **9,500,112** | **25.87%** | 16,790,440 | 46.94% |
|  | François Bayrou | 6,820,119 | 18.57% |  |
|  | Jean-Marie Le Pen | 3,834,530 | 10.44% |
|  | Olivier Besancenot | 1,498,581 | 4.08% |
|  | Philippe de Villiers | 818,407 | 2.23% |
|  | Marie-George Buffet | 707,268 | 1.93% |
|  | Dominique Voynet | 576,666 | 1.57% |
|  | Arlette Laguiller | 487,857 | 1.33% |
|  | José Bové | 483,008 | 1.32% |
|  | Frédéric Nihous | 420,645 | 1.15% |
|  | Gérard Schivardi | 123,540 | 0.34% |
| Total votes | **36,719,396** | **100%** | **35,773,578** | **100%** |

Other websites
--------------

* French Elections 2007[*permanent dead link*] from Britain's *Daily Telegraph*
* Royal, Sarkozy and Bayrou: The policies, BBC
* Explanation of the French presidential election on the site of the French Embassy to the United Kingdom Archived 2007-05-26 at the Wayback Machine
* Polarisation and crisis – the French elections and the radical Left
* AngusReid (French election polls in English) Archived 2007-04-14 at the Wayback Machine
* BBC News: Q&A: French presidential vote
* (in French) 2007 Presidential Vote Results by Commune
**Ampthill** is a small town and civil parish in Bedfordshire, England, between Bedford and Luton. About 6000 people live in the town. A regular market has taken place on Thursdays for more than 700 years.

History
-------

The name 'Ampthill' comes from an Anglo-Saxon word, 'Aemethyll', which means either 'ant-heap' or 'ant infested hill'. In the Domesday Book, Ampthill is called 'Ammetelle', with the landholder in 1086 being Nigel de la Vast. 

In 1242, King Henry III gave Ampthill the right to hold a market on Thursdays. The Thursday markets are still held.

Henry VIII often visited Ampthill Castle. Katherine of Aragon lived at the castle from 1531 until she was divorced in 1533, when she was moved to Kimbolton. The castle was built in the 15th century by Sir John Cornwall, later Lord Fanhope. He used money he had made from ransoms after the Battle of Agincourt. The castle is now gone but there are some interesting parts of castle life still in existence. This includes ponds, such as West Minster Pond, made to hold and grow fish for food for the castle.

Houghton House
--------------

Houghton House was built in 1621 by Mary, Countess of Pembroke and brother of the poet Sir Philip Sidney. In 1675, the house gave John Bunyan the idea for the 'House Beautiful' in his book *The Pilgrim's Progress*. Bunyan's book is based on his own journey between Bedford and Luton. The steep slope leading into Ampthill was the model for the 'Hill of Difficulty'. Houghton House passed to the Duke of Bedford in 1738 and became a ruin after the roof was taken off in 1794.

Other websites
--------------

* Town Information Website Archived 2014-03-07 at the Wayback Machine
* Town Directory Website
* Ampthill Town Council Website
* Ampthill Town Forum Archived 2008-12-03 at the Wayback Machine
* Town's History Site Archived 2009-01-17 at the Wayback Machine
* Ampthill Bell Ringers Website Archived 2014-05-16 at the Wayback Machine
* St Andrew's Church of England
* Ampthill Town Band Archived 2014-05-16 at the Wayback Machine