**Mihail Čigorin** (rus. *Михаи́л Ива́нович Чиго́рин*), rođen je 12. novembra 1850. u mestu Gaćina u blizini Sankt Petersburga, Rusija. Umro je 25. januara 1908. u Lublinu, Poljska. Bio je vodeći ruski šahista i jedan od glavnih nosilaca tzv. "ruske šahovske škole". Prvi šahovski velemajstor iz Rusije, koji je dominirao šahovskim svetom XIX veka.

Šahovski uspesi
---------------

Igrao je dva meča protiv Vilhelma Štajnica za titulu svetskog prvaka u šahu. Prvi put, 1989. godine gubi sa 10½ : 6½, a drugi put je izgubio sa 12½ : 10½. Ukupan skor sa Štajnicom je dostojan poštovanja: +24, =8, -27.

Igra nerešeno meč sa Zigbertom Tarašom u Sankt Petersburgu 1893. (+9-9=4) protiv koga je imao pozitivan bilans (+14-13=8). Šahovski debi na međunarodnim turnirima imao je u Berlinu 1881. gde je zauzeo treće mesto.

Bio je drugi ispred svetskog šampiona Laskera i bivšeg svetskog prvaka Štajnica a iza Hari Nelson Pilsburija protiv koga je takođe imao pozitivan bilans (+8-7=6).

Drugi je i u Budimpešti 1896, gde gubi od Rudolfa Haroušeka sa 3 : 1 u finalu. Pobeđuje na šahovskom turniru u Beču 1903. Takođe, pobeđuje Laskera (+2-1=3) na turniru u Brajtonu gde je igrao kao crni u svim partijama.

Čigorinova šahovska otvaranja
-----------------------------

Nekoliko šahovskih otvaranja nosi njegovo ime, kao i čuvena Čigorinova varijanta Rui Lopez otvaranja: **1.e4 e5 2.Sf3 Sc6 3.Lb5 a6 4.La4 Sf6 5.O-O Le7 6.Te1 b5 7.Lb3 d6 8.c3 O-O 9.h3 Sa5**. 
Takođe, poznata je Čigorinova odbrana u Daminom gambitu: **1.d4 d5 2.c4 Nc6**

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Čigorinova varijanta Rui Lopezovog otvaranja |

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| --- |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Čigorinova odbrana u Daminom gambitu |

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* Imao je izrazito negativan bilans protiv Laskera (+1-8=4), a jedinu pobedu je ostvario u prvoj odigranoj partiji u Hejstingsu 1895.
* Imao je pozitivan bilans sa Rihardom Tajhmanom (+8-3=1) ali i negativan sa David Janovski (+4-17=4).
* Famozni meč Čigorina sa Aljehinom, 1892. je bio osnova za naučno fantastičnu novelu *The Squares of the City*, DŽona Brunera (1978).
* Čigorin je učestvovao na 13 domaćih i 24 međunarodna turnira. NJegove partije su bile različite sa napadačkim stilom, originalnom strategijom sa konstantnom željom za inicijativom.

Vanjske veze
------------

1. Šahovske partije Čigorina
2. Šahovske partije Čigorina Arhivirano 2007-11-04 na Wayback Machine-u

Izvori
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* Hooper, David and Kenneth Whyld (1996). The Oxford Companion To Chess. Oxford University. ISBN 0-19-280049-3.
* Efim Bogoljubov - *Games of Mikhail Chigorin (Master Game Collections)* • Publisher: Batsford Ltd (June 25, 1987) • ISBN 978-0713457193

Fusnota
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1. ↑  Biografija i partije Mihaila Čigorina

***Mihail Čigorin*** na Wikimedijinoj ostavi