**Pterodaktiloidi** (lat. Pterodactyloidea, iz grč. *πτερόν* (*pterón*, mada obično *ptéryx*) "krilo" i *δάκτυλος* (*dáctylos*) "prst", što znači "krilati prst", "krilo-prst" ili "prst-krilo") formiraju jedan od dva podreda pterosaura ("krilatih guštera") i sadrži najnaprednije pripadnike te grupe letećih gmazova. Pojavili su se tokom perioda srednje jure i razlikuju se od primitivnih ramforinkoida po kratkom repu i dugim kostima zapešća (kostima ruke i krila). Najnaprednije forme također nisu imale zube. Mnoge vrste imale su razvijene kreste na lubanji, što je prelazilo u ekstreme kod rodova poput *Nyctosaurusa* i *Tupandactylusa*. Pterodaktiloidi (posebno porodica Azhdarchidae) su bili posljednji preživjeli pterosauri kada je taj red izumro krajem krede, zajedno sa dinosaurima i većinom morskih gmazova.

"Pterodaktil" je također čest termin za pterodaktiloidske pterosaure, mada se može koristiti specifično za rod *Pterodactylus* ili (neispravno) za pterosaure općenito. U poznate primjere pterodaktiloida spadaju *Pterodactylus*, *Dsungaripterus*, *Pteranodon* i *Quetzalcoatlus*.

Fosili iz formacije Shishugou u Kini 2014. su klasificirani kao ostaci najprimitivnijeg pronađenog pterodaktiloida, *Kryptodrakona*. On je oko 5 miliona godina stariji od najstarijeg prethodno potvrđenih primjeraka. Prethodno se fosilizirana čeljust pronađena u srednjejurskoj formaciji Stonesfield Slate u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu smatrala najstarijim poznatim ostatkom pterosaura. Taj primjerak navodno je predstavljao pripadnika porodice Ctenochasmatidae, mada su daljnje istrage sugerisale da je možda pripadao primitivnom krokodilu teleosauridu, a ne pterosauru.

Klasifikacija
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Pterodaktiloidi se tradicionalno smatraju grupom kratkorepih pterosaura sa dugim kostima zapešća, u usporedbi sa relativno dugim repovima i kratkim zapešćem primitivnih pterosaura ("ramforinkoida"). Kevin Padian je 2004. službeno definirao Pterodactyloidea kao kladus zasnovan na apomorfiji koji sadrži one vrste sa kostima zapešća barem 80% dužine ramene kosti, homologno onome kod *Pterodactylusa*.

Postoje suprotstavljene teorije o filogeniji pterodaktiloida. Dolje je predstavljen kladogram koji pokazuje rezultate filogenetske analize koju su 2014. proveli Andres, Clark i Xu.

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|  Caelidracones  | 

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|  | Anurognathidae |
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|  **Pterodactyloidea**  | 

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| --- | --- |
|  | *Kryptodrakon* |
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| **Lophocratia** | 

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| Archaeopterodactyloidea  | 

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|  | Germanodactylidae |
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|  Euctenochasmatia  | 

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|  | *Pterodactylus* |
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|  | *Ardeadactylus* |
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|  Ctenochasmatoidea  | 

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|  | Gallodactylidae |
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|  | Ctenochasmatidae |
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| Eupterodactyloidea  | 

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|  | *Haopterus* |
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|  Ornithocheiroidea  | 

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|  Pteranodontia  | 

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|  | Nyctosauridae |
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|  Pteranodontoidea  | 

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|  | *Pteranodon* |
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|  | *Hongshanopterus* |
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|  | *Lonchodectes* |
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|  | Istiodactylidae |
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|  | Boreopteridae |
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|  | *Cearadactylus* |
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|  | *Brasileodactylus* |
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|  | *Ludodactylus* |
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|  | Anhangueridae |
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|  |  Ornithocheiridae |
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|  Azhdarchoidea  | 

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|  | *Bennettazhia* |
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|  | Tapejaridae |
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|  Neoazhdarchia  | 

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|  | Chaoyangopteridae |
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|  | Azhdarchidae |
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| --- | --- |
|  | Thalassodrominae |
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|  | Dsungaripteridae |
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Izvori
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1. 1 2 3  DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.030  
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2. ↑  Buffetaut, E. and Jeffrey, P. (2012). "A ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Stonesfield Slate (Bathonian, Middle Jurassic) of Oxfordshire, England." *Geological Magazine*, (advance online publication) DOI:10.1017/S0016756811001154