***Istiodactylus*** je rod pterosaura srednje veličine iz perioda rane krede.

Opis
----

Restauracija *I. latidens* u letu
*Istiodactylus* je bio srednje velik pterosaur. Ispravivši ranije procjene dužine od 56 cm, Mark Paul Witton je 2012. zaključio da je lubanja jednog primjerka, NHMUK R3877, bila duga 43 cm. Maksimalan raspon krila je vjerovatno iznosio 4,3 metra, što je najveće jedinke činilo otprilike upola velikim kao najveći *Pteranodon*. Zbog ravne, zaobljene njuške, *Istiodactylus* se ponekada naziva "pterosaurom s pačijim kljunom". Međutim, za razliku od patki, imali su zube. Ti trougaoni zubi bili su lateralno spljošteni, što je prilagodba rezanju mesa, i čvrsto su se uklapali u zatvorenoj čeljusti. Lubanja je relativno kratka, pri čemu se većina zuba nalazi u tupom prednjem dijelu čeljusti. Wittonovo istraživanje iz 2012. pokazalo je da su *Istiodactylusi* uglavnom bili strvinari.

Historija i vrste
-----------------

Harry Govier Seeley je 1887. godine ostatke fosilizirane karlice otkrivene na Ostrvu Wight nazvao *Ornithodesmus cluniculus*, misleći da je u pitanju ptica. On je 1901. smatrao da je to mogao biti pterosaur. Reginald Walter Hooley je 1913. dao naziv drugoj vrsti, *Ornithodesmus latidens*, za neke definitivno pterosaurske materijale pronađene u formaciji Vectis. Holotip je bio **BMNH R 0176**, nepotpun skelet. Naziv vrste znači "široki zub" na latinskom.

Lubanje *I. latidens*, *I. sinensis* i *Nurhachius*
Međutim, tokom 80-ih je otkriveno da je nomenklaturni tip roda *Ornithodesmus* zasnovan na kostima koje su pripadale dinosauru, što je značilo da bi se novi rod morao stvoriti za *O. latidens*. Stafford Howse, Andrew Milner i David Martill su 2001. priključili tu vrstu vlastitom rodu. Naziv roda potiče od grčkog *istion*, "jedro" i *daktylos*, "prst", što se odnosi na činjenicu da je krilo pterosaura formirala membrana povezana sa samo jednim prstom krila.

Howse et al. su 2001. za *Istiodactylus* stvorili zasebnu porodicu Istiodactylidae.

Godine 2006. imenovana je druga vrsta, *I. sinensis* iz Kine, čiji se naziv vrste odnosi na Kinu. Njezin holotip je NGMC 99-07-011, nepotpun skelet neodrasle jedinke. Bio je mnogo manji od skeleta *I. latidens*, samo 63% veličine veće vrste, što znači da je imao samo četvrtinu njezine težine. Lü Jun-Chang et al. su 2006. zaključili da je *I. sinensis* mlađi sinonim istiodaktilida *Nurhachiusa*. Mark Witton je predložio da je on možda sinonim roda *Liaoxipterus*.

Restauracija grupe *I. latidensa* koji se hrane strvinom stegosaura u plitkom donjokredskom koritu rijeke.
Dolje je predstavljen kladogram koji pokazuje filogenetsku poziciju ovog roda unutar Pteranodontia prema Andres i Myers (2013).

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  Pteranodontia  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  Nyctosauridae  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Muzquizopteryx coahuilensis* |
|  |
|  | *"Nyctosaurus" lamegoi* |
|  |
|  | *Nyctosaurus gracilis* |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Alamodactylus byrdi* |
|  |
|  Pteranodontoidea  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Pteranodon longiceps* |
|  |
|  | *Pteranodon sternbergi* |
|  |

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|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  Istiodactylidae  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Longchengpterus zhaoi* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Nurhachius ignaciobritoi* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Liaoxipterus brachyognathus* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | ***Istiodactylus latidens*** |
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|  | ***Istiodactylus sinensis*** |
|  |

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 |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Lonchodectes compressirostris* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Aetodactylus halli* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Cearadactylus atrox* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Brasileodactylus araripensis* |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Ludodactylus sibbicki* |
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|  | Ornithocheirae |
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Izvori
------

1. 1 2 3  Witton, M.P. (2012). "New Insights into the Skull of *Istiodactylus latidens* (Ornithocheiroidea, Pterodactyloidea)." *PLoS ONE*, **7**(3): e33170. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0033170
2. ↑  Peter Wellnhofer, 1991, *The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Pterosaurs*, Crescent Books, p. 114
3. ↑  Seeley, H. G. 1887, "On a sacrum apparently indicating a new type of bird, *Ornithodesmus cluniculus* Seeley from the Wealden of Brook", *Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London* **43**: 206-211
4. ↑  Hooley, R. W. 1913, "On the skeleton of *Ornithodesmus latidens*. An ornithosaur from the Wealden shales of Atherfield (Isle of Wight)", *Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society*, **69**: 372-421.
5. ↑  Howse, S. C. B. Milner A. R. and Martill, D. M. 2001, "Pterosaurs". Pp. 324-335 in: Martill, D. M. and Naish, D. eds. *Dinosaurs of the Isle of Wight*, The Palaeontological Association.
6. ↑  Andres, B. and Ji Qiang, 2006, "A new species of *Istiodactylus* (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea) from the Lower Cretaceous of Liaoning, China", *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology*, **26**: 70-78.
7. ↑  Lü, J. Ji, S. Yuan, C. and Ji, Q. 2006, *Pterosaurs from China*, Beijing, Geological Publishing House.
8. ↑  DOI:10.1017/S1755691013000303  
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Vanjske poveznice
-----------------

* *I. latidens* Arhivirano 2011-07-21 na Wayback Machine-u na The Pterosaur Database (pdf)
* *I. sinensis* Arhivirano 2011-09-30 na Wayback Machine-u na The Pterosaur Database (pdf)