**BlackBerry** adalah antara barisan jenama peranti bimbit tanpa wayar (biasanya dipanggil telefon pintar) yang direka dan dipasarkan oleh BlackBerry Limited , yang dahulunya dikenali sebagai Research In Motion Limited (RIM). Antara peranti RIM yang pertama ialah Inter@ctive Pager 900, merupakan peranti jenis *clamshell* yang membenarkan perhubungan kelui dua hala, model ini diumumkan pada 18 September 1996. Selepas kejayaan model 900, Inter@ctive Pager 800 telah direka untuk IBM dan membeli sejumlah peranti ini dengan nilai US$10 juta pada 4 Februari 1998. Peranti seterusnya yang telah dikeluarkan adalah Inter@ctive Pager 950, iaitu pada 26 Ogos 1998. Peranti yang pertama untuk membawa dan mengunakan nama BlackBerry adalah BlackBerry 850, sebuah alat kelui e-mel, yang dikeluarkan 19 Januari 1999. Walaupun sama penampilannya dengan model 950, 850 adalah peranti pertama untuk mengintegrasikan e-mel. Untuk model seterusnya, nama Inter@ctive Pager tidak lagi digunakan untuk menjenamakan peranti keluaran mereka.

Antara peranti BlackBerry terkini adalah BlackBerry Passport, BlackBerry Classic , dan BlackBerry Z30. Antara mukanya berbeza mengikut model; kebanyakan model dilengkapi dengan papan kekunci fizikal jenis QWERTY, manakala model generasi baru bergantung sepenuhnya pada teknologi skrin multi-sentuh dan papan kekunci maya.

Ia merupakan salah sebuah vendor utama telefon pintar sehingga 2012. Pengguna Perkhidmatan Internet BlackBerry boleh didapati di 91 negara di seluruh dunia di lebih 500 pengendali perkhidmatan mudah alih yang menggunakan pelbagai jenis teknologi mudah alih. Sehingga September 2013, terdapat 85 juta pelanggan BlackBerry di seluruh dunia. Angka tersebut teleh menurun kepada 46 juta pengguna pada September 2014. Dari November 2013, BlackBerry boleh dijalankan dalam pelbagai multi-platform (Android , iOS dan Windows Phone ) dan sehingga Jun 2015 mendapat 260 juta pengguna baru.

Sejarah
-------

Peranti pertama BlackBerry, model BlackBerry 850 telah diperkenalkan di Munich, German pada tahun 1999 dan ianya berfungsi sebagai alat kelui dua hala. Pada tahun 2002, semakin banyak telefon pintar BlackBerry dihasilkan, yang mana ia menyokong perkhidmatan e -mel, telefon, mesej teks, faks Internet, pelayaran web dan perkhidmatan maklumat tanpa wayar yang lain. Ia merupakan contoh pengabungan peranti.

BlackBerry menumpukan perkhidmatan servis e -mel pada awalnya untuk menembusi pasaran. RIM kini menawarkan perkhidmatan e -mel dari peranti BlackBerry ke peranti bukan BlackBerry, seperti Palm Treo, melalui perisian BlackBerry Connect. Peranti awal Blackberry mempunyai paparan jenis monokrom, tetapi hampir kesemua model BlackBerry kini mempunya paparan bewarna.

Hampir kesemua peranti model terkini BlackBerry dilengkapi dengan papan kekunci jenis QWERTY yang dioptimumkan untuk kaedah "*thumbing* ", iaitu penggunaan ibu jari untuk menaip , dan terdapat juga beberapa model yang dilengkapi pad kekunci telefon bimbit jenis standard untuk menaip, dan dua model dilengkapi skrin sentuh penuh tanpa papan kekunci fizikal Sistem navigasi terutamanya dicapai dengan bola tatal, atau "bebola" di tengah-tengah peranti, peranti lama menggunakan roda trek di sebelah dan peranti baru seperti Blackberry Bold 9700 atau Curve 8520/8530 menggunakan pad kecil untuk navigasi "trackpad" dan bukannya bebola jejak. Sesetengah model (pada masa ini, yang dihasilkan untuk digunakan dengan rangkaian iDEN seperti Nextel dan rangkaian selular Mike juga memasukkan ciri Tekan Cakap ("Push-to-Talk - PTT"), serupa dengan radio dua hala.

Pada 30 Januari 2013, BlackBerry mengumumkan keluaran model terbaru iaitu model Z10 dan Q10. Kedua-dua model dilengkapi dengan skrin sentuh: Z10 mempunyai reka bentuk skrin sentuh sepenuhnya manakala Q10 pula menawarkan gabungan papan kekunci jenis QWERTY berserta paparan skrin sentuh

Pada suku kewangan tahun kedua 2013, walaupun sebanyak 6.8 juta unit telefon bimbit BlackBerry berjaya dijual, tetapi telah ditenggelamkan oleh pesaing jualan mereka iaitu Nokia melalui model Nokia Lumia buat kali pertama.

Pada 12 Ogos 2013, BlackBerry mengumumkan hasrat untuk menjual syarikat itu kerana kedudukannya yang semakin tidak menguntungkan dari segi kewangan dan persaingan dalam industri mudah alih. Sebahagian besarnya kerana hasil jualan yang lebih rendah daripada yang dijangka bagi model Z10, BlackBerry mengumumkan pada 20 September 2013 bahawa 4500 kakitangan sepenuh dan separuh masa (kira-kira 40% daripada kakitangan operasi) telah ditamatkan perkhidmatan dan barisan produknya telah dikurangkan daripada enam kepada empat model. Pada 23 September 2013, *Fairfax Financial*, yang mana memiliki 10 % kepentingan ekuiti dalam BlackBerry, membuat tawaran untuk membeli BlackBerry pada harga $4.7 billon ($ 9.00 sesaham). Berikutan pengumuman itu, BlackBerry mengumumkan penerimaan tawaran sementara waktu tetapi ia akan terus mencari tawaran lain sehingga 4 November 2013.

Pada 4 November 2013, BlackBerry menggantikan Thorsten Heins dengan John S. Chen sebagai Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif baru sementara, yang juga merupakan bekas Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Syarikat Sybase sebelum ini.

Pada awal bulan Julai 2014, penerbitan *TechCrunch* menerbitkan satu artikel bertajuk *"BlackBerry Adalah Salah Satu Saham Terlaris Dalam 2014, Ianya Serius"*, berikutan itu, berlaku kenaikan 50 peratus dalam saham syarikat itu, peningkatan yang lebih besar daripada syarikat-syarikat lain seperti Apple dan Google; Walau bagaimanapun, penganalisis kewangan BlackBerry menunjukkan bahawa hasil atau margin keuntungan tidak bertambah baik, sebaliknya, kos telah berjaya dikurangkan. Dalam tempoh yang sama, BlackBerry juga memperkenalkan telefon bimbit model BlackBerry Passport terbaru baru - yang terdiri daripada paparan 4.5 inci (11 cm) persegi beresolusi "HD-kelas Penuh" (1440 x 1440) dan dipasarkan khusus untuk bidang profesional seperti penjagaan kesihatan dan arkitektur - juga mempromosikan aplikasi Messenger dengan mengeluarkan kemaskini minor untuk sistem operasi mobil BB10.

Pada 17 Disember 2014, BlackBerry Classic telah diperkenalkan, dengan papan fizikal yang mana lebih digemari pengguna berbanding skrin sentuh seperti yang terdapat pada model BlackBerry (Z10 dan Z30) yang diperkenalkan dua tahun sebelum ini.

Perkakasan
----------

Telefon moden BlackBerry berteknologi LTE seperti BlackBerry Z10 dipacu oleh prosesor Qualcomm Snapdragon S4 Plus 1.5 GHz Dwi-Teras dan Adreno 225 1.5-1.7 GHz untuk prosesor grafik. Telefon BlackBerry berasaskan GSM pula dilengkapi prosesor ARM 7, 9 atau 11. Beberapa model BlackBerry (Torch 9850/9860, Torch 9810 dan Bold 9900/9930) dilengkapi prosesor berkelajuan 1.2 GHz model MSM8655 Snapdragon, 768 MB memori sistem, dan 8 GB memori dalaman. Model peringkat pemula, seperti Curve 9360, menawarkan Marvell PXA940 berkelajuan 800 MHz.

Model Bold 9700 menampilkan prosesor versi terbaru berbanding siri model Bold 9000 yang lain, tetapi kelajuan pemprosesan ditetapkan pada kelajuan yang sama. Model Curve 8520 dilengkapi dengan prosesor 512 MHz, manakala siri BlackBerry 8000, seperti 8700 dan Pearl, dilengkapi dengan prosesor 312 MHz ARM XScale ARMv5TE PXA900. Turut terkecuali adalah BlackBerry 8707 yang mana dilengkapi chipset 80 MHz Qualcomm 3250; ini adalah kerana chipset PXA900 tidak menyokong rangkaian 3G. Pemproses 80 MHz dalam BlackBerry 8707 menjadikan peranti lambat untuk memuat turun untuk memapar penuh sesebuah laman web di dalam rangkaian 3G berbanding 8700 yang berada dalam rangkaian EDGE. Peranti BlackBerry awal, seperti BlackBerry 950, menggunakan prosesor berasaskan Intel 80386.

Telefon terkini BlackBerry iaitu BlackBerry Z30 dilengkapi dengan paparan bersaiz 5" jenis Super AMOLED beresolusi 1280x720, pada kedalaman warna 295 ppi 24-bit dan dikuasakan oleh Quad-Graphics dan prosesor Qualcomm Dual Core 1.7 GHz MSM8960T Pro.

Perisian
--------

Sistem operasi terbaru, BlackBerry 10, telah dikeluarkan untuk dua model terbaru BlackBerry (Z10 dan Q10) pada 30 Januari 2013. Pada sidang *BlackBerry World 2012*, Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif RIM Thorsten Heins menunjukkan beberapa ciri-ciri OS terbaru, antaranya termasuklah fungsi kamera yang dapat memainkan kembali sesebuah foto secara bingkai demi bingkai untuk supaya dapat membuat pemilihan shot terbaik, peranti bijak, prediktif, papan kekunci yang bersesuaian, dan antara muka pengguna yang direka berteraskan idea "aliran". Aplikasi untuk peranti BlackBerry 10 boleh dimuat turun melalui BlackBerry World

    *Maklumat selanjutnya*: BlackBerry 10Sistem operasi yang dibangunkan untuk peranti BlackBerry yang lebih lama dipanggil BlackBerry OS, sebuah persekitaran proprietari multi-tugas yang dibangunkan oleh RIM. Sistem operasi yang direka untuk penggunaan peranti input seperti trek roda, trek bola, dan trek pad. OS ini menyediakan sokongan untuk Java MIDP 1.0 dan WAP 1.2. Versi sebelumnya membenarkan penyelarasan wayarles dengan e-mel dan kalender Microsoft Exchange Server, begitu juga dengan e-mel Lotus Domino. OS 5.0 menawarkan subset MIDP 2.0. Versi terbaru membolehkan pengaktifan lengkap secara wayarles dan penyelarasan dengan e-mel Exchange, kalendar, tugas, nota dan kenalan, dan sokongan tambahan untuk Novell GroupWise dan Lotus Notes. BlackBerry Curve 9360, BlackBerry Torch 9810, Bold 9900/9930, Curve 9310/9320 dan Torch 9850/9860 menampilkan ciri terbaru terbaru yang terdapat pada BlackBerry OS 7 (dilancarkan pada 2011). Aplikasi untuk peranti ini tersedia melalui BlackBerry World (sebelum 2013 ianya dipanggil BlackBerry App World).

    *Maklumat selanjutnya*: BlackBerry OSPembangun pihak ketiga boleh menulis perisian menggunakan API, dan juga API proprietari BlackBerry. Mana-mana aplikasi yang menggunakan fungsi terhad tertentu hendaklah ditandatangani secara digital supaya ia boleh dikaitkan ke akaun pembangun di RIM. Prosedur tandatangan digital ini menjamin hak milik pembangun sesebuah aplikasi tetapi ianya tidak menjamin kualiti atau keselamatan kod. RIM menyediakan alatan untuk membangunkan aplikasi dan tema untuk BlackBerry. Aplikasi dan tema boleh dimuatkan ke dalam peranti BlackBerry melalui BlackBerry World, *Over The Air* (OTA) melalui pelayar mudah alih BlackBerry, atau melalui *BlackBerry Desktop Manager*.

Peranti BlackBerry menggunakan perisian proprietari BlackBerry Messenger ataupun BBM, untuk menghantar dan menerima mesej segera, nota suara, imej dan video melalui BlackBerry PIN. Selagi telefon bimbit anda mempunyai pelan data, perkhidmatan mesej ini diberi semua secara percuma. Antara ciri-ciri BBM adalah mesej berkumpulan, imbasan bar-kod, perkongsian kalendar, BBM Muzik dan integrasi dengan aplikasi dan permainan menggunakan platform sosial BBM.

Pada bulan April 2013, BlackBerry mengumumkan proses penutupan servis strim muzik iaitu BBM Music, yang telah aktif selama hampir dua tahun sejak pelancarannya. BlackBerry Messenger Music telah ditutup pada 2 Jun 2013.

Pada bulan Julai 2014, BlackBerry mendedahkan satu ciri terbaru untuk BlackBerry OS 10.3 iaitu BlackBerry Assistant, dan perkakasan terbaru untuk BlackBerry Passport. Ciri ini bakal adalah menjadi pembantu peribadi digital untuk membantu pengguna kekal "Teratur, Mutakhir dan Produktif."

Pada bulan Disember 2014, BlackBerry dan NantHealth, pembekal data penjagaan kesihatan, melancarkan pelayar yang selamat untuk genom kanser, ini memberi keupayaan kepada doktor untuk mengakses data genetik pesakit melalui telefon pintar BlackBerry Passport.

### Ketersambungan

Telefon pintar BlackBerry boleh disepadukan dengan sistem organisasi e-mel melalui pakej perisian yang dipanggil BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES) melalui versi 5, dan BlackBerry Enterprise Service (BES) pada versi 10. (Tiada sebarang versi dari 6 hingga 9). Versi BES disediakan untuk Microsoft Exchange, Lotus Domino, Novell GroupWise dan Google Apps. Pengguna individu boleh menggunakan perkhidmatan e-mel pembekal wayarles tanpa perlu memasang BES, tetapi organisasi dengan beberapa pengguna biasanya menjalankan BES pada rangkaian mereka. Peranti BlackBerry yang dijalankan oleh BlackBerry OS 10 atau versi lebih lama juga boleh diuruskan secara langsung melalui Microsoft Exchange Server, menggunakan polisi Exchange ActiveSync (EAS), juga merupakan cara yang sama digunakan untuk peranti iOS atau Android. EAS menyokong kawalan pengurusan yang lebih sedikit berbanding BES. Beberapa syarikat pihak ketiga menyediakan penyelesaian untuk pengehosan BES. Setiap peranti BlackBerry mempunyai ID unik yang dipanggil BlackBerry PIN, yang digunakan untuk mengenal pasti peranti untuk BES. BlackBerry pernah menyediakan perisian BES secara percuma yang dipanggil BES Express (BESX).

Ciri utama BES adalah untuk menyampaikan e-mel daripada peti mel korporat terus kepada telefon BlackBerry. BES memantau peti mel pengguna, menyampaikan mesej baru ke telefon melalui pusat operasi rangkaian Blackberry dan pembekal wayarles pengguna. Ciri ini dikenali sebagai *push email*, kerana semua e-mel, kenalan, entri tugas, entri memopad, dan entri kalendar baru dimuat turun ke peranti BlackBerry dengan serta-merta (berbeza dengan pengguna menyelaraskan data secara manual atau menetapkan muat turun dari pelayan berdasarkan interval masa yang tertentu).

BlackBerry juga menyokong muat turun e-mel melalui aplikasi pihak ketiga. Sistem pesanan terbina di dalam BlackBerry hanya memahami bagaimana untuk menerima mesej daripada BES atau BIS, perkhidmatan ini mengendalikan sambungan kepada pembekal e-mel pengguna. Peranti simpanan juga membolehkan pengguna untuk mengakses semua data secara luar talian di kawasan yang tidak mempunya liputan khidmat wayarles. Apabila pengguna menyambungkan semula perkhidmatan wayarles, BES akan menghantar data terkini.

Satu ciri dari model yang terbaru BlackBerry adalah kemampuan untuk mengesan dengan pantas lokasi semasa pengguna melalui proses penigasegian tanpa menggunakan fungsi GPS, sekali gus menjimatkan hayat bateri dan masa. Penigasegian adalah pantas, kurang penggunaan bateri, dan cara yang intensif untuk menberikan aplikasi yang memerlukan data koordinat pengguna. Walau bagaimanapun, ketepatan penigasegian BlackBerry adalah kurang berbanding dengan GPS disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, antaranya menara telekominikasi yang dihalang oleh bangunan-bangunan besar, gunung, atau jarak.

BES juga menyediakan telefon sambungan TCP/IP yang diakses melalui komponen yang dipanggil perkhidmatan penyambungan MDS (Mobile Data System). Ini membolehkan pembangunan aplikasi kustom menggunakan strim data pada peranti BlackBerry melalui platform berasaskan Sun Microsystems Java ME.

Di samping itu, BES menyediakan keselamatan rangkaian, dalam bentuk 3DES atau, yang terbaru, penyulitan AES [33] [34] [35] terhadap semua data (antaranya e-mel dan trafik MDS) yang bergerak antara telefon BlackBerry dan BlackBerry Enterprise Server.

Kebanyakan pembekal perkhidmatan menawarkan harga bulanan berkadar rata melalui tarif khas Blackberry untuk penggunaan data tanpa had antara unit-unit BlackBerry dan BES. Selain menerima e-mel, organisasi boleh membuat sambungan intranet atau aplikasi dalaman dengan tanpa caj trafik data.

Dengan perkembangan versi yang lebih terkini platform BlackBerry, MDS bukan lagi satu keperluan untuk mengakses data wayarles. Bermula dari OS 3.8 atau 4.0, telefon BlackBerry boleh mengakses Internet (iaitu akses TCP/IP) tanpa MDS - sebelum ini hanya e-mel dan WAP boleh diakses tanpa BES/MDS. BES/MDS masih diperlukan sebagai perlindungan keselamatan kepada e-mel, akses data, dan aplikasi yang memerlukan WAP daripada pembekal perkhidmartan yang tidak membenarkan akses WAP.

Alternatif utama selain menggunakan BlackBerry Enterprise Server adalah dengan menggunakan BlackBerry Internet Service(BIS). BlackBerry Internet Service boleh didapati di 91 buah negara di peringkat antarabangsa. BlackBerry Internet Service telah dibangunkan untuk pengguna awam dan bukannya untuk penggunaan di sektor korporat. Perkhidmatan ini membolehkan pengguna untuk mengakses akaun e-mel POP3, IMAP, dan Outlook Web App (bukan melalui Exchange ActiveSync) tanpa peyambungan BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES). BlackBerry Internet Service membenarkan akses sehingga 10 akaun e-mel untuk, termasuk akaun e-mel proprietari dan juga orang awam (seperti Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo dan AOL). BlackBerry Internet Service juga menyokong keupayaan *push* menerusi pelbagai aplikasi BlackBerry yang lain. Pelbagai aplikasi yang dibangunkan oleh RIM untuk BlackBerry menggunakan keupayaan *push* BIS, seperti klien pemesejan segera (seperti Google Talk, Windows Live Messenger dan Yahoo Messenger). Perkhidmatan ini biasanya diperuntukkan melalui pembekal perkhidmatan telefon mudah alih, walaupun BlackBerry sebenarnya turut menjalankan perkhidmatan tersebut.

Pada 2011/10/10 10:00 UTC terdapat gangguan perkhidmatan di Eropah, Timur Tengah dan Afrika, yang memberi kesan kepada berjuta-juta pengguna BlackBerry. Terdapat gangguan susulan pada hari berikutnya. Pada 12 Oktober 2011, yang Blackberry Internet Service telah lumpuh di Amerika Utara. Research In Motion menyatakan bahawa ini disebabkan oleh beban data akibat daripada kegagalan dua pusat data mereka yang terletak di Waterloo,Kanada dan Slough,England sebagai punca gangguan perkhidmatan.

### Phones with BlackBerry email client

Several non-BlackBerry mobile phones have been released featuring the BlackBerry email client which connects to BlackBerry servers. Many of these phones have full QWERTY keyboards.

* AT&T Tilt
* HTC Advantage X7500
* HTC TyTN
* Motorola MPx220, some models
* Nokia 6810
* Nokia 6820
* Nokia 9300
* Nokia 9300i
* Nokia 9500
* Nokia Eseries phones, except models Nokia E66, Nokia E71
* Qtek 9100
* Qtek 9000
* Samsung t719
* Siemens SK65
* Sony Ericsson P910
* Sony Ericsson P990
* Sony Ericsson M600i
* Sony Ericsson P1

### Third-party software

Third-party software available for use on BlackBerry devices includes full-featured database management systems, which can be used to support customer relationship management clients and other applications that must manage large volumes of potentially complex data.

In March 2011, RIM announced an optional Android player that could play applications developed for the Android system would be available for the BlackBerry PlayBook, RIM's first entry in the tablet market.

On August 24, 2011 *Bloomberg News* reported unofficial rumors that BlackBerry devices would be able to run Android applications when RIM brings QNX and the Android App Player to BlackBerry.
On October 20, 2011 RIM officially announced that Android applications could run, unmodified, on the BlackBerry tablet and the newest BlackBerry phones, using the newest version of its operating system.

Database
--------

Data extracted from a BlackBerry to a host computer is stored in a single file in a BlackBerry-specific format known as IPD. The file is encrypted (as are all transmissions through the Blackberry system), though since all Blackberry devices are capable of reading the IPD file format, more than one Blackberry can read the same database file.

Included in the standard Blackberry software package is a 'Switch Device Wizard' that permits a user to connect two mobile devices and copy the database from one device to another, enabling a newly-upgraded device to retain any personal information that is not device-specific.

Supporting software
-------------------

### BlackBerry Enterprise Server

BlackBerry handhelds are integrated into an organization's e-mail system through a software package called "BlackBerry Enterprise Server" (BES). Versions of BES are available for Microsoft Exchange, Lotus Domino and Novell GroupWise. Google has made a Connector for BES which makes BES available for Google Apps as well. While individual users may be able to use a wireless provider's e-mail services without having to install BES themselves, organizations with multiple users usually run BES on their own network. Some third-party companies provide hosted BES solutions. Every BlackBerry has an ID called BlackBerry PIN, which is used to identify the device to the BES.

BES can act as a sort of e-mail relay for corporate accounts so that users always have access to their e-mail. The software monitors the user's local "inbox", and when a new message comes in, it picks up the message and passes it to RIM's Network Operations Center (NOC). The messages are then relayed to the user's wireless provider, which in turn delivers them to the user's BlackBerry device.

This is called "push e-mail," because all new e-mails, contacts and calendar entries are "pushed" out to the BlackBerry device automatically, as opposed to the user synchronizing the data by hand or on a polling basis. Blackberry also supports polling email, which is how it supports POP. Device storage also enables the mobile user to access all data offline in areas without wireless service. As soon as the user connects again, the BES sends the latest data.

An included feature in the newer models of the BlackBerry is the ability for it to track your current location through trilateration. One can view the online maps on the phone and see current location denoted by a flashing dot. However, accuracy of BlackBerry trilateration is less than that of GPS due to a number of factors, including cell tower blockage by large buildings, mountains, or distance.

BES also provides handhelds with TCP/IP connectivity accessed through a component called "Mobile Data Service - Connection Service" (MDS-CS). This allows for custom application development using data streams on BlackBerry devices based on the Sun Microsystems Java ME platform.

In addition, BES provides network security, in the form of Triple DES or, more recently, AES encryption of all data (both e-mail and MDS traffic) that travels between the BlackBerry handheld and a BlackBerry Enterprise Server.

Most providers offer flat monthly pricing for unlimited data between BlackBerry units and BES. In addition to receiving e-mail, organizations can make intranets or custom internal applications with unmetered traffic.

With more recent versions of the BlackBerry platform, the MDS is no longer a requirement for wireless data access. Beginning with OS 3.8 or 4.0, BlackBerry handhelds can access the Internet (i.e. TCP/IP access) without an MDS - previously only e-mail and WAP access was possible without a BES/MDS. The BES/MDS is still required for secure e-mail, data access, and applications that require WAP from carriers that do not allow WAP access.

### BlackBerry Internet Service

The primary alternative to using BlackBerry Enterprise Server is to use the BlackBerry Internet Service. It was developed primarily for the average consumer rather than for the business consumer. This service allows POP3 and IMAP email integration for the personal user. It allows up to 10 email accounts to be accessed, including many popular email accounts such as Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo and AOL. There are also special bundles for just Myspace, Facebook, & MSN as well.

### BlackBerry Desktop Redirector

A less common alternate to using BlackBerry Enterprise Server is to use the BlackBerry Desktop Redirector. This software is installed on a desktop computer that has the Enterprise email client installed.

Supported Software
------------------

    *Maklumat selanjutnya*: BlackBerry App World
### BlackBerry Messenger

Newer BlackBerry devices use the proprietary Blackberry Messenger, also known as BBM, software for sending and receiving text messages via Blackberry PIN or barcode scan.
There is also the BlackBerry Alliance program of partners who work under contract with Research In Motion to innovate new applications to differentiate the BlackBerry solution. Typical applications include digital dictation, GPS tracking, CRM and expense management. On October 6, 2009 Blackberry Messenger 5.0 was officially released, adding a whole new set of features, including bar code scanning to add contacts, profiles, sharing your location via GPS, and creating groups.

Third-party software available for use on BlackBerry devices includes full-featured database management systems, which can be used to support customer relationship management clients and other applications that must manage large volumes of potentially complex data.

Model
-----

Original BlackBerry
Rencana utama: List of BlackBerry products
BlackBerry 10 Devices: **Latest Models**

* BlackBerry Leap (2015)
* BlackBerry Classic (2014)
* BlackBerry Passport (2014)
* BlackBerry Porsche Design P'9983 (2014)
* BlackBerry Z3 (2014)
* BlackBerry Z30 (2013)
* BlackBerry Porsche Design P'9982 (2013)
* BlackBerry Q10 (2013)
* BlackBerry Z10 (2013)
* BlackBerry Q5 (2013)

BlackBerry 7 devices:

* BlackBerry Bold series (2011): BlackBerry Bold 9900/9930/9790
* BlackBerry 9720 (2013)
* BlackBerry Porsche Design (2012): BlackBerry Porsche Design P'9981
* BlackBerry Torch series (2011): BlackBerry Torch 9810
* BlackBerry Torch series (2011): BlackBerry Torch 9850/9860
* BlackBerry Curve series (2011): BlackBerry 9350/9360/9370/9380
* BlackBerry Curve 9320/9220 (2012)

BlackBerry 6 devices:

* BlackBerry Torch series (2010): BlackBerry Torch 9800
* BlackBerry Curve series (2010): BlackBerry Curve 9300/9330
* BlackBerry Style 9670 (2010)
* BlackBerry Pearl series (2010): BlackBerry Pearl 3G 9100/9105
* BlackBerry Bold series (2010–2011): BlackBerry Bold 9780/9788

BlackBerry 5 devices:

* BlackBerry Bold series (2008–2010): BlackBerry Bold 9000/9700/9650
* BlackBerry Tour series (2009): BlackBerry Tour (9630)
* BlackBerry Storm series (2009): BlackBerry Storm 2 (9520/9550)
* BlackBerry Storm series (2008): BlackBerry Storm (9500/9530)
* BlackBerry Curve series (2009–2010): BlackBerry Curve 8900 (8900/8910/8980)
* BlackBerry Curve series (2009): BlackBerry Curve 8520/8530

Blackberry 4 devices:

* BlackBerry 8800 series (2007): BlackBerry 8800/8820/8830
* BlackBerry Pearl series (2006): BlackBerry Pearl 8100/8110/8120/8130
* BlackBerry Pearl Flip series (2008): BlackBerry Pearl Flip 8220/8230
* BlackBerry Curve series (2007): BlackBerry Curve 8300 (8300/8310/8320/8330/8350i)

Earlier devices

* First Sure Type phone series: 7100
* First color series: 7200, 7500, 7700
* Monochrome Java-based series: 5000, 6000
* Early pager models: 850, 857, 950, 957

BlackBerry PIN
--------------

**BlackBerry PIN** is an eight character hexadecimal identification number assigned to each BlackBerry device. PINs cannot be changed manually on the device (though Blackberry technicians are able to reset or update a PIN server-side), and are locked to each specific Blackberry. BlackBerrys can message each other using the PIN directly or by using the Blackberry Messenger application.

Certification
-------------

A BlackBerry Bold.
* BCESA (BlackBerry Certified Enterprise Sales Associate, BCESA40 in full) is a BlackBerry Certification for professional users of RIM (Research In Motion) BlackBerry wireless e-mail devices.

The Certification requires the user to pass several exams relating to the BlackBerry Device, all its functions including Desktop software and providing technical support to Customers of BlackBerry Devices.

The BCESA, BlackBerry Certified Enterprise Sales Associate qualification, is the first of three levels of professional BlackBerry Certification.

* BCTA (BlackBerry Certified Technical Associate)
* BlackBerry Certified Support Associate T2

Additional information on certifications can be found on the Blackberry.com website.

The BlackBerry Technical Certifications available are:

* BlackBerry Certified Enterprise Server Consultant (BCESC)
* BlackBerry Certified Server Support Technician (BCSST)
* BlackBerry Certified Support Technician (BCST)

The BlackBerry Store
--------------------

In December 2007, it was reported that the first ever BlackBerry store was opened. While it is the only BlackBerry store currently in existence, it actually is not the first. There were three prior attempts at opening BlackBerry stores in Toronto, London, and Charlotte, but they eventually folded. The current location is in Farmington Hills, Michigan. The store offers BlackBerry device models from AT&T, T-Mobile, Verizon, and Sprint, the major U.S. carriers which offer smartphones. Employees are trained not only on the BlackBerry devices themselves, but on the regulations of each service provider. There´s also a non-offical BlackBerry Store called BlackStore in Caracas, Venezuela, because of the big popularity that has the BlackBerry brand in Venezuela, especially in Caracas, making Venezuela one of the biggest BlackBerry consumers in the World.

RIM patent infringement litigation
----------------------------------

In 2000, NTP sent notice of their wireless email patents to a number of companies and offered to license the patents to them. NTP brought a patent infringement lawsuit against one of the companies, Research In Motion, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. This court is well known for its strict adherence to timetables and deadlines, sometimes referred to as the "rocket docket," and is particularly efficient at trying patent cases.

The jury eventually found that the NTP patents were valid, that RIM had infringed them, that the infringement had been "willful", and that the infringement had cost NTP $33 million dollars in damages (the greater of a reasonable royalty or lost profits). The judge, James R. Spencer increased the damages to $53 million as a punitive measure because the infringement had been willful. He also instructed RIM to pay NTP's legal fees of $4.5 million and issued an injunction ordering RIM to cease and desist infringing the patents. This would have shut down the BlackBerry systems in the US.

RIM appealed all of the findings of the court. The injunction and other remedies were stayed pending the outcome of the appeals.

In March 2005 during the appeals process, RIM and NTP tried to negotiate a settlement of their dispute. One of the terms of the settlement was to be for $450 million. But negotiations broke down due to other issues. On June 10, 2005 the matter returned to the courts.

In early November, 2005 the US Department of Justice filed a brief requesting that RIM's service be allowed to continue because of the large number of BlackBerry users in the US Federal Government.

In January 2006, the US Supreme Court refused to hear RIM's appeal of the holding of liability for patent infringement, and the matter was returned to a lower court. The previously granted injunction preventing all RIM sales in the US and use of the BlackBerry device might have been enforced by the presiding district court judge had the two parties not been able to reach a settlement.

On February 9, 2006, the US Department of Defense (DOD) filed a brief stating that an injunction shutting down the BlackBerry service while excluding government users was unworkable. The DOD also stated that the BlackBerry was crucial for national security given the large number of government users.

On February 9, 2006, RIM announced that it had developed software workarounds that would not infringe the NTP patents, and would implement those if the injunction was enforced.

On March 3, 2006, after a stern warning from Judge Spencer, RIM and NTP announced that they had settled their dispute. Under the terms of the settlement, RIM has agreed to pay NTP $612.5 million (USD) in a "full and final settlement of all claims." In a statement, RIM said that "all terms of the agreement have been finalized and the litigation against RIM has been dismissed by a court order this afternoon. The agreement eliminates the need for any further court proceedings or decisions relating to damages or injunctive relief." The settlement amount is believed low by some analysts, because of the absence of any future royalties on the technology in question.
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Lihat juga
----------

* Research In Motion
* DataTAC
* Mobile Internet Device (MID)
* Personal communicator
* Personal digital assistant (PDA)
* Smartphone
* Tablet PC
* Ultra-Mobile PC
* Triangulation
* Science and technology in Canada
* Blackberry thumb
* BlackBerry Planet

Nota
----

1. ↑  "BlackBerry Pearl". *Research In Motion (RIM)*. 2006. Dicapai pada 2006-09-18.
2. ↑  "RIM Company – Learn about Research in Motion". RIM. Dicapai pada September 23, 2012.
3. ↑  "Inter@ctive Pager 900". bbref.ca. Dicapai pada January 26, 2015.
4. ↑  "Research In Motion Signs $10 Million Contract To Supply Two-way Pagers To IBM". BlackBerry. Dicapai pada February 4, 1998. Check date values in: `|accessdate=` (bantuan)
5. ↑  "BlackBerry". BlackBerry. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-08-06. Dicapai pada December 3, 2010.
6. ↑  "BlackBerry Subscribers 2014".
7. ↑  Colapinto, John (October 3, 2011). "Famous Names". *The New Yorker*. Dicapai pada October 9, 2011.
8. ↑  Arthur, Charles (29 September 2014). "Ten things to know about BlackBerry -- and how much trouble it is (or isn't) in". *TheGuardian.com*. The Guardian. Dicapai pada 2015-02-15.
9. ↑  Reza Wahyudi (June 25, 2015). "Capaian BBM Sejak Dilepas ke Android dan iOS".
10. ↑  Davis, Jim (January 20, 1999). "Short Take: BlackBerry wireless email device debuts". CNET. Dicapai pada September 23, 2012. Cite has empty unknown parameter: `|transt _title=` (bantuan)
11. ↑  Diokno, Carlo Raphael (July 17, 2013). "BlackBerry Q5 price in US revealed: BB Q10 & Z10 more expensive". *Pop Herald*. Dicapai pada July 19, 2013.
12. ↑  Mahale, Sneha (July 17, 2013). "Review: BlackBerry Q10". *Hindustan Times*. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-07-18. Dicapai pada July 19, 2013.
13. ↑  Arthur, Charles (July 18, 2013). "Nokia revenues slide 24% but Lumia sales rise offers hope". *The Guardian*. Dicapai pada July 19, 2013.
14. ↑  El Akkad, Omar (August 12, 2013). "BlackBerry puts up 'for sale' sign, with Fairfax emerging as potential buyer". *The Globe and Mail*. Dicapai pada September 21, 2013.
15. ↑  Gollom, Mark (September 20, 2013). "Does BlackBerry have a future?". *CBC News*. Dicapai pada September 21, 2013.
16. ↑  "BlackBerry to be sold to group led by Fairfax Financial". CBC News. September 24, 2013. Dicapai pada November 5, 2013.
17. ↑  McEntegart, Jane (November 4, 2013). "BlackBerry Replaces Thorsten Heins with New Interim CEO". Tomshardware.com. Dicapai pada November 17, 2013.
18. ↑  Matt Burns (July 8, 2014). "BlackBerry Is One Of The Hottest Stocks Of 2014, Seriously". *TechCrunch*. AOL Inc. Dicapai pada July 12, 2014.
19. ↑  Matt Young (July 7, 2014). "BlackBerry Passport: Breaking Design Boundaries". *BlackBerry Blog*. BlackBerry. Dicapai pada July 12, 2014.
20. ↑  Ortutay, Barbara; Gillies, Rob (December 17, 2014). "BlackBerry launches Classic in last-ditch effort". *News & Observer*. Associated Press. Dicapai pada December 26, 2014.
21. 1 2  "BlackBerry – Manuals and Guides". blackberry.com. January 24, 2011. Dicapai pada January 24, 2011.
22. ↑  fccid.net
23. ↑  RIM Circa 1999: BlackBerry History Revisited Diarkibkan 2007-12-15 di Wayback Machine, BlackBerry Cool, July 13, 2005.
24. ↑  Strietelmeier, Julie (February 26, 2001). "RIM BlackBerry 950 Review". The-gadgeteer.com.
25. ↑  "Time-shifting BlackBerry camera makes pictures perfect". CNET. May 1, 2012.
26. ↑  "Thorsten Heins in the BlackBerry World 2012 Keynote General Session". BlackBerry on YouTube. May 1, 2012. Dicapai pada September 22, 2012.
27. ↑  "Inter@ctive Pager 900". bbref.ca. Dicapai pada January 26, 2015.
28. ↑  "Research In Motion Signs $10 Million Contract To Supply Two-way Pagers To IBM". BlackBerry. Dicapai pada February 4, 1998. Check date values in: `|accessdate=` (bantuan)
29. ↑  "BlackBerry, NantHealth launch cancer genome browser". Investing.com.
30. ↑  "BlackBerry Enterprise Server Express". Us.blackberry.com.
31. ↑  "BlackBerry MDS Connection Service". *Research In Motion (RIM)*. Dicapai pada July 11, 2011.
32. ↑  "How the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution uses Triple DES to encrypt data". Docs.blackberry.com.
33. ↑  "How the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution uses AES to encrypt data". Docs.blackberry.com.
34. ↑  "Encrypting data that the BlackBerry Enterprise Server and a BlackBerry device send to each other". Docs.blackberry.com.
35. ↑  "Algorithms that the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution uses to encrypt data". Docs.blackberry.com.
36. 1 2  "Email setup and integration". Research In Motion.
37. ↑  Williams, Christoper (October 10, 2011). "BlackBerry services collapse". *The Daily Telegraph*. Dicapai pada November 5, 2013.
38. ↑  Meyer, David (October 12, 2011). "RIM explains BlackBerry downtime as outage spreads". ZDNet UK.
39. 1 2  Browning, Jonathan (October 12, 2011). "RIM in 'Race Against Clock' as BlackBerry Disruption Spreads". Bloomberg. Dicapai pada May 31, 2012.
40. ↑  Maximizer Software Partners with McObject to Improve Mobile CRM on BlackBerry Devices, BlackBerry News Desk, Sys-Con Publishing, June 19, 2008.
41. ↑  Murphy, Darryl (March 24, 2011). "RIM adds Android app support to BlackBerry PlayBook via 'optional app player'". *Engadget*. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-10-21. Dicapai pada October 21, 2011. You read that right – RIM just announced that its forthcoming BlackBerry PlayBook will support both BlackBerry Java and Android apps. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (bantuan)
42. ↑  
Michaluk, Kevin (March 24, 2011). "Press Release: RIM Expands Application Ecosystem for BlackBerry PlayBook – Android Apps on Playbook!!!". Crackberry. Dicapai pada October 21, 2011. Android apps won't come from Google Play itself, but rather Android developers will simply have to repackage, code sign and submit their BlackBerry Java and Android apps to BlackBerry App World from where users will be able to download the apps.
43. ↑  "Repackage your apps for blackberry playbook". Blackberry.com. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-10-21. Dicapai pada 2015-07-08.
44. ↑  Miller, Hugo; Kharif, Olga (August 24, 2011). "BlackBerrys Said to Get Android Apps as RIM Seeks Sales Boost". Bloomberg News. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-10-21. Dicapai pada October 21, 2011. Research In Motion Ltd. (RIM), seeking to boost the appeal of its BlackBerrys and revive slowing sales, plans to enable models expected next year to run applications built for Google Inc. (GOOG)’s Android operating system, three people familiar with the plan said. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (bantuan)
45. ↑  Kovach, Steve (August 24, 2011). "BlackBerry Phones Will Get Android Apps – Bloomberg". Business Reader. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-10-21. Dicapai pada October 21, 2011. RIM will add access to Android apps on BlackBerry phones that run its new QNX operating system, Bloomberg reports. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (bantuan)
46. ↑  "RIM's newer phones to get Android apps". Reuters. August 25, 2011. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-10-21. Dicapai pada October 21, 2011. The Canadian company plans to have the Android player already in the QNX-running phones when they go on sale rather than available as an upgrade, the report said. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (bantuan)
47. ↑  "Android Apps for BlackBerrys May Be Lackluster". *PC World*. August 25, 2011. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-10-21. Dicapai pada October 21, 2011. We're still waiting for Research in Motion to allow Android apps to run on its BlackBerry PlayBook tablet, as promised last March, but a new report says these apps will eventually run on future BlackBerry phones as well. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (bantuan)
48. ↑  
"BBX, BlackBerry's latest purported saviour". *Daily Maverick*. October 21, 2011. Dicapai pada October 21, 2011. Rui Brites, the director for product management in Africa told iMaverick that the new BBX system was RIM’s way of securing its future. "With BBX, we’ve opened up in a big way," he said. "We have over 400,000 developers worldwide and have now developed tools for Android developers to submit their apps to the BlackBerry App World without needing to recode."
49. ↑  "BlackBerry maker's area developer unit to fill gap". *Zimbabwe Telegraph*. October 21, 2011. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-10-21. Dicapai pada October 21, 2011. The company introduced its BlackBerry BBX operating system on Tuesday, combining features from the existing BlackBerry platform and the QNX software it bought last year. The system, which doesn’t have a release date, includes new programming tools like HTML5 designed to make building apps easier.
50. ↑  BlackBerry - BlackBerry | Wireless Handheld Devices, Software & Services from Research In Motion (RIM)
51. ↑  Maximizer Software Partners with McObject to Improve Mobile CRM on BlackBerry Devices, BlackBerry News Desk, Sys-Con Publishing, June 19, 2008.
52. ↑  "Introducing the Porsche Design P'9982 Smartphone from BlackBerry" (Siaran akhbar). BlackBerry. November 19, 2013. Dicapai pada November 5, 2013.
53. ↑  "New BlackBerry 9720 Smartphone Lets You Spark The Conversation" (Siaran akhbar). BlackBerry. August 13, 2013. Dicapai pada November 5, 2013.
54. ↑  "BlackBerry Store". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2010-03-02. Dicapai pada 2010-01-27.
55. ↑  Nexcom opens first U.S. BlackBerry store in Charlotte - Charlotte Business Journal:
56. ↑  The inside scoop on the new BlackBerry Store | BB Geeks
57. ↑  "Oversight Testimony". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-08-16. Dicapai pada 2010-01-27.
58. ↑  Barrie McKenna, Paul Waldie and Simon Avery, Globe and Mail, February 21, 2006, "Patently Absurd: The inside story of RIM's wireless war
59. ↑  Noguchi, Yuki, "Government Enters Fray Over BlackBerry Patents. Agencies Depend on Devices, Lawyers Say", Washington Post, November 12, 2005, Page D01
60. ↑  Settlement reached in BlackBerry patent case - - MSNBC.com

Rujukan
-------

* Research In Motion Reports Fourth Quarter And Year-End Results For Fiscal 2005 Diarkibkan 2007-09-28 di Wayback Machine
* Research In Motion 2005 Annual ReportPDF (682 KiB)
* Research In Motion Fourth Quarter and 2007 Fiscal Year End Results Diarkibkan 2007-05-28 di Wayback Machine
* Blackberry Unlocking UK - Blackberry unlock service and Blackberry unlock codes delivered completely online  Diarkibkan 2018-09-02 di Wayback Machine
* Vodafone provides BlackBerry Services in India
* Cunningham, S & Turner, G (2006) *Media and Communications in Australia*, Southwood Press Pty Ltd, Australia, pp. 259–278.
* Levinson, P (2004) *Cellphone*, Routledge, New York, pp. 15–33.
* Rheingold, H (2002) *Smart Mobs: the Next Social Revolution*, Perseus, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. xi-xxii, 157-182.
* Connell O'Neill, 'The Battle over BlackBerry, Patent Trolls and Information Technology' (2006) *Journal of Law, Information and Science* 95.

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