**Clostridia** е полифилетична класа од коленото Firmicutes, во која спаѓа родот *Clostridium* и други слични родови. Припадниците на оваа класа се разликуваат од припадниците на класата Bacilli по недостатокот на аеробна респирација. Сите се облигатни анаероби, за кои кислородот е токсичен. Видовите од родот *Clostridium* се често, но не секогаш, Грам-позитивни (види *Halanaerobium hydrogenoformans*) и имаат способност да формираат ендоспори. Истражувањата покажуваат дека тие не се монофилетична група, и нивната меѓусебна сродност не е точно утврдена. Моментално, повеќето се класифицирани во еден ред, Clostridiales, но ваквата класификација не е природна и веројатно ќе подлежи на промени во иднина.

Повеќето видови на родот *Clostridium* се сапрофитски организми кои се распространети во животната средина, а особено во почвите. Сепак, овој род содржи неколку видови кои се патогени за човекот (наведени подолу). Токсините продуцирани од одредени членови на родот *Clostridium* се меѓу најопасните познати отрови. Примери се токсинот на тетанус (познат како тетаноспазмин) продуциран од *C. tetani* и ботулинскиот токсин продуциран од *C. botulinum*. Некои видови се изолирани кај жени кои страдаат од бактериска вагиноза.

Значајни видови од оваа класа вклучува:

* *Clostridium perfringens* (гангрена, труење со храна)
* *Clostridium difficile* (псевдомембранозен колит)
* *Clostridium tetani* (тетанус)
* *Clostridium botulinum* (ботулизам)
* *Clostridium acetobutylicum*
* *Clostridium haemolyticum*
* *Clostridium novyi*
* *Clostridium oedematiens*

Heliobacteria и *Christensenella* се исто така членови на класата Clostridia.

Епидемиологија
--------------

Бидејќи овие бактерии се наоѓаат во почвите и во микрофлората на луѓето и животните, инфекциите предизвикани од некои членови на оваа класа се јавуваат ширум светот. Одбранбениот систем на организмот не штити од овие бактерии, а стекнатиот имунитет е слаб. Clostridia може да се дијагностицираат со препознавање на одликите на лезијата на инфекцијата заедно со Грам боењето на ткивото и бактериската култура. Иако самиот организам нема соодветна одбрана против овие бактерии, тие може да се уништат со помош на антибиотици, како што е пеницилинот.

Филогенија
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Моментално прифатената таксономија се базира на *Списокот на имиња на прокариотите со евиденција во номенклатурата* (анг. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature - LPSN) и *Националниот центар за биотехнолошки информации* (анг. National Center for Biotechnology Information - NCBI) а филогенијата е заснована на 16S рРНК-заснованото LTP ослободување 106 од Проектот "Животно дрво на сите видови" (анг. The All-Species Living Tree Project).

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|   Clostridia *s.s.* | 

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|  | Peptococcaceae 2 |
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|  | Peptococcaceae 1 |
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|  | Heliobacteriaceae |
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|  | Peptococcaceae 3 |
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|  | *Thermincola* |
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|  | Acidaminococcaceae |
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|  | Veillonellaceae |
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|  | Peptococcaceae 4 |
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|  | *Dethiobacter alkaliphilus* |
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|  | Natranaerobiaceae |
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|  | *Anaerobranca* {Clostridiales Family XIV. Incertae Sedis} |
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|  | Eubacteriaceae |
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|  | *Garciella nitratireducens* |
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|  | Clostridiaceae 3 |
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|  | Clostridiales Family XI. Incertae Sedis [incl. *Anaerosphaera aminiphila*] |
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|  | *Eubacterium angustum* |
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|  | *Proteiniborus ethanoligenes* |
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|  | Clostridiaceae 4 [incl. various *Clostridium* ssp.] |
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|  | Clostridiales Family XII. Incertae Sedis |
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|  | Clostridiales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis [incl. various *Eubacterium* spp.] |
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|  | Clostridiaceae 2 [incl. various *Clostridium* ssp.] |
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|  | Peptostreptococcaceae [incl. Clostridiales Family XIX. Incertae Sedis and various *Clostridium* & *Eubacterium* spp.] |
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|   Clostridiales s.s. | 

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|  | Thermoanaerobacterales Unnamed clade III [incl. *Caldicoprobacter*] |
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|  | Clostridiaceae 1 [incl. various *Eubacterium* spp.] |
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|  | *Gracilibacter thermotolerans* |
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|  | *Lutispora thermophila* |
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|  | Ruminococcaceae [incl. *Bacteroides cellulosolvens*, *Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum*, *Gemmiger formicilis*, *Oscillibacter valericigenes*, *Saccharofermentans acetigenes* and various *Clostridium* & *Eubacterium* spp.] |
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|  | Lachnospiraceae [incl. *Anaerosporobacter mobilis*, *Desulfotomaculum guttoideum*, *Fusobacterium naviforme*, *Lactobacillus rogosae*, *Lactonifactor longoviformis*, various *Bacteroides*, *Clostridium*, *Eubacterium*, & *Ruminococcus* ssp.] |
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**Некласифицирани видови**

* Catabacteraceae ♠ Lau et al. 2007
	+ *Catabacter hongkongensis* ♠ Lau et al. 2007
* Christensenellaceae Morotomi et al. 2012
	+ *Christensenella minuta* Morotomi et al. 2012
* Defluviitaleaceae Jabari et al. 2012
	+ *Defluviitalea saccharophila* Jabari et al. 2012

Забелешка: ♠ Видовите се наоѓаат во NCBI, но не се наведени во LSPN.

Наводи
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1. ↑  Baron, Samuel (1996). *Medical Microbiology* (4. изд.). Galveston: Universirt of Texas Medical Branch. ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
2. ↑  Africa, Charlene; Nel, Janske; Stemmet, Megan (2014). „Anaerobes and Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnancy: Virulence Factors Contributing to Vaginal Colonisation". *International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health*. **11** (7): 6979–7000. doi:10.3390/ijerph110706979. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 4113856. PMID 25014248.
3. ↑  J.P. Euzéby. „Clostridia". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Архивирано од изворникот на 2013-01-27. Посетено на 2011-11-17.
4. ↑  Sayers; и др. „Clostridia". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Посетено на 2011-06-05.
5. ↑  All-Species Living Tree Project.„16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 (full tree)" (PDF). Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA Database. Архивирано од изворникот (PDF) на 2012-05-07. Посетено на 2011-11-17.