| **Rikio debiutas** |
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| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Ėjimai
  | 1. e4 e5 2. Rc4 |
| ECO | C23-C24 |
| Pavadinimo kilmė | Baltalaukis rikis |
| Motininis debiutas | Atvira partija |

**Rikio debiutas** – vienas iš seniausių studijuotų debiutų (jį studijavo Luis Ramirez de Lucena bei Ruy Lopesas). Šachmatų debiutų enciklopedija skyrė rikio debiutui ECO kodus C23 ir C24. Debiuto ėjimai:

**1. e4 e5  
2. Rc4**

Pirmasis garsus žaidėjas po Lucenos ir Lopezo, naudojęs šį debiutą yra Fransua Filidoras. Šiuo metu vienas iš kelių debiutą naudojančių didmeistrių – Bentas Larsenas. Nors rikio debiutas šiandien naudojamas tik retkarčiais, kai kurie žaidėjai jį žaidžia lyg staigmeną, kurios varžovas dažnai nežino. Vienas iš tokių – Garis Kasparovas. Džonas Nunas naudoja šį debiutą, norėdamas išvengti rusiškosios partijos. Taip pat darė ir Peteris Leko žaisdamas 2007 FIDE Pasaulio čempionate prieš Vladimirą Kramniką, kuris puikiai išmano rusiškąją partiją.

Baltieji užpuolą laukelį f7 bei užkertą kelią ėjimui d7-d5. Ignuoruodami pradinuko taisyklę: išvesti žirgą anksčiau už rikį, jie palieka f pėstininką neužblokuotą, palikdami galimybę ėjimui f2-f4. Todėl rikio debiutas turi panašumų su karaliaus gambitu. Dar vienas panašus debiutas – Vienos partija.

Pagrindiniai tęsiniai
---------------------

Kadangi baltųjų ėjimas nesudaro jokių grėsmių, juodieji turi daugybę galimų atsakymų.

Po **1.e4 e5 2.Rc4** tolesnis žaidimas gali būti skirstomas į tris kategorijas:

* **2…Žf6** (Berlyno gynyba)
* **2…Rc5** (Klasikinė gynyba)
* **2…kita**

### Berlyno gynyba (2…Žf6)

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **3.d3** |

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Poncianio gambitas **3.d4** |

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| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Greko gambitas **3.f4** |

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Po ėjimo **2…Žf6** dažniausiai seka šie ėjimai

* 3.Žc3 (Pereina į Vienos partiją)
* 3.d3
* 3.d4 (Poncianio gambitas)
	+ 3…ed 4.Vxd4 Žc6 (Centro partija, perkėlimas)
	+ 3…ed 4.Žf3 (Urusovo gambitas)
		- 4…Rc5 5.0-0 Žc6 (Makso Langės ataka, perkėlimas)
		- 4…Žc6 (Dviejų žirgų gynyba, perkėlimas)
		- 4…Žxe4 5.Vxd4 (Priimtas Urusovo gambitas)
* 3.Žf3 (Rusiškoji partija, perkėlimas)
	+ 3…Žxe4 4.Žc3 (Bodeno-Kieserickio gambitas)
* 3.f4 (Greko gambitas)
	+ 3…Žxe4 4.d3 Žd6 5.Rb3 Žc6 arba 5…e4
	+ 3…ef (Karaliaus gambitas, perkėlimas)

Dažniausias antras baltųjų ėjimas – **2..Žf6**, žinomas kaip Berlyno gynyba. Šiuo ėjimu juodieji išveda žirgą, pradeda kovą dėl centro, užpuola e pėstininką, tačiau negina savojo.

**Urusovo gambitas** pavadintas Rusijos princo Sergejaus Semionovičiaus Urusovo vardu. Pirmasis šį debiutą analizavo anglų žaidėjas Samuelis Bodenas 1851-aisiais. Debiutų teoretikai nusprendė, kad po ėjimų **2…Žf6 3.Žf3 Žxe4 4.Žc3 Žxc3 5.dc f6** juodųjų ataka nėra pakankama kompensacija už pėstininką. Toliau žaidimas tęsiasi ėjimais **6.0-0 Žc6** (bet ne **6…Re7? 7.Žxe5!** juodiesiems turint stiprią ataką, užtat 6…d6 taip pat žaistina) **7.Žh4 g6 8.f4 f5 9.Žf3** (**9.Žxf5? d5!**) **e4 10.Žg5** (**10.Že5 Ve7!** grasinant stipriu **Vc5+**) **Rc5+**. Praktika parodė, kad baltųjų trumpoji rokiruotė į karaliaus sparną yra problematiška.

Juodieji gali atmesti pėstininko auką, pereidami į dviejų žirgų gynybą.

### Klasikinė gynyba (2…Rc5)

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| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Sparno gambitas **3.b4** |

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Filidoro variantas **3.c3** |

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| 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **3.d3** |

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* 3.b4 (Sparno gambitas)
* 3.c3 (Filidoro variantas)
	+ 3…d5 (Liuiso kontragambitas)
	+ 3…d6
	+ 3…Žf6
* 3.Žc3 (Vienos partija, perkėlimas)
* 3.d3
* 3.Žf3 Žc6 (Itališkoji partija, perkėlimas)
* 3.Vg4

**Klasikinė gynyba** yra simetrinis atsakymas **2…Rc5**.
Juodieji gali pervesti į Vienos partiją (**3.Žc3**) ar Itališkąją partiją (**3.Žf3 Žc6**), arba nepervesti į kitą debiutą žaisdami **sparno gambitą** (**3.b4**) arba **Filidoro variantą** (**3.c3**). Pagrindinis Filidoro varianto tęsinys:

**3. c3 Žf6  
4. d4 ed  
5. e5 d5!  
6. ef dc  
7. Vh5 0-0  
8. Vxc5 Be8+  
9. Že2 d3  
10.Re3**

**Sparno gambitas** duoda panašias pozicijas kaip Evanso gambitas (**1.e4 e5 2.Žf3 Žc6 3.Rc4 Rc5 4.b4**)

Stiprus juodųjų atsakymas į Filidoro variantą – **Liuiso kontragambitas**, **3.c3 d5**, pavadintas anglų žaidėjo Viljamo Liuiso (1787–1870) vardu, kuris analizavo šį variantą 1834 m.

### Kiti juodųjų atsakymai į 2.Rc4

* 2…c6 (Filidoro kontraataka)
* 2…Žc6
* 2…d6
* 2…f5?! (Kalabriškasis kontragambitas)
	+ 3.d3 (Janišo variantas)

Kiti baltųjų ėjimai žaidžiami labai retai.

Jei juodieji bando pervesti į vengriškąją gynybą ėjimu **2…Re7?**, tai ėjimas **3.Vh5** laimi pėstininką.

**Kalabriškasis kontragambitas** (**2…f5?!**) pavadintas Džioakino Greko gimtinės – Kalabrijos vardu.
Stipriausias baltųjų tęsinys – Janišo variantas **3.d3 Žf6 4.f4 d6 5.Žf3** duoda baltiesiems pranašumą.

Išnašos
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1. ↑  
Reuben, Stewart (1992). *Chess Openings — Your Choice!*. Cadogan Chess. p. 59. ISBN 1-85744-070-6.

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| Ž • A • RAtvirieji šachmatų debiutai (**1. e4 e5**) |
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| Karaliaus žirgo debiutas(**2.Žf3**) po **2...Žc6** | 
Ispaniškoji partija (**3. Rb5**) · Poncianio debiutas (**3. c3**)
· Keturių žirgų debiutas (**3. Žc3 Žf6**) · Trijų žirgų debiutas (**3. Žc3** be **3...Žf6**) · Itališkoji partija (**3. Rc4 Rc5**) · Evanso gambitas (**3. Rc4 Rc5 4. b4**) · Itališkasis gambitas (**3. Rc4 Rc5 4. d4**) · Vengriškoji gynyba (**3. Rc4 Re7**) · Dviejų žirgų gynyba (**3. Rc4 Žf6**) · Škotiškoji partija (**3. d4**) · Škotiškasis gambitas (**3. d4 ed 4. Rc4**) · Atvirkštinis vengriškasis debiutas (**3. Re2**) · Airiškasis gambitas (**3. Žxe5**) · Konstantinopolskio debiutas (**3. g3**) |
|  |
| Karaliaus žirgo debiutaspo bet kurio kito atsakymo | 
Dramblio gambitas (**2...d5**) · Filidoro gynyba (**2...d6**) · Braziliškoji gynyba (**2...Ve7**) · Latviškasis gambitas (**2...f5**) · Damiano gynyba (**2...f6**) · Rusiškoji partija (**2...Žf6**) · Greko gynyba (**2...Vf6**) |
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| Kiti | 
Portugališkasis debiutas (**2. Rb5**) · Lopeso debiutas (**2. c3**) · Vienos partija (**2. Žc3**) · Rikio debiutas (**2. Rc4**) · Centro partija (**2. d4 ed 3. Vxd4**) · Centrinis gambitas (**2. d4 ed 3. c3**) · Šiaurės gambitas (**2. d4 ed 3. c3 dc 4. Rc4 cb 5. Rxb2**) · Alapino debiutas (**2. Že2**) · Napoleono debiutas (**2. Vf3**) · Karaliaus gambitas (**2. f4**) · Parhamo ataka (**2. Vh5**) |

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