**Princas** (angl. *mann chess*) – tai netradicinė šachmatų figūra, kuri vaikšto kaip šachmatų karalius tačiau neturi karališkų privilegijų. Ji nešachuojama, nematuojama ir ją, kaip eilinę figūrą, galima nukirsti. Ši figūra kerta taip, kaip ir vaikšto. 

Dažniausiai sutinkama šachmatų rūšyse, kurios naudoja didesnių matmenųː (8x10; 10x10 12x12) šachmatų lentas.

Vertė
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Nors jos veikimo laukas yra labai nedidelis, tačiau yra labai lanksti. Partijos pradžioje ji silpnesnė už žirgą, bet partijos viduryje, kai užima centrą, tampa labai stipria figūra, o partijos baigmėse beveik visada laimi prieš žirgą ar rikį, pav.: K+M + pėstininkas prieš K+ R+ pėstininką, be to, K+M prieš vienišą karalių visada laimi.

Šios figūros trūkumai - ji lėta, nes užtrunka daug laiko kol ji nusigauna nuo vieno lentos krašto iki kito. Tam kad debiute ją gerai išvystume reikia nuo 2 iki 4 ėjimų.

Jos stiprioji pusė: didelės kirtimo galimybės nedideliame lentos plote.

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**Pav.1 Princo galimi ėjimai**

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **Princas**  diagramoje pavaizduotas kaip apverstas žemyn galva tradicinių šachmatų karalius. Jis gali eiti į kryžiukais "x" pažymėtus laukelius. |

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**Pav.2 Karalius su princu matuoja karalių**

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| #4 Tiesioginis matas keturiais ėjimais
1.Kf7 Mh7 2.Mg5 Mh8 3.Mf6 Mh7 4.Mg7# |

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Istorija
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Šachmatų figūros "**Man**" iliustracija iš Gustavo Selenuso (Gustav Selenus Knygos Šachmatų, arba karaliaus žaidimas (*Das Schach-Oder Konig-Spiel*) (1616)
Princo figūra turi ilgą istoriją ir buvo vadinama įvairiaiː **sage, sargybiniu, princu, vyru ir kt.**. Dar prieš 1000 metų panaši figūra (karo mašina) buvo naudojama žaidžiant *Shatranj Kamil* šachmatus ir vadinosi **abbabah.**

Nuo XIII amžiaus atsiradusiuose kurjerių šachmatuose šiai figūrai naudoti **Šalavijo** (en *Sage*), - **Vyro** (vok. Mann) ir kt. vardai. Jie buvo žaidžiami Vokietijoje apie 600 metų. Nors XIX amžiuje žaidimas buvo sumodernintas, bet vistiek netrukus jis nebebuvo žaidžiamas. Tačiau princo figūra nedingo iš šachmatų, nors ir buvo vadinama įvairiai - ji surado vietos naujose šachmatų rūšyseː

* patarėju (*councellor*) - Patarėjų šachmatuose

* juokdariu - **kurjerių** (vėlesnės red.) šachmatuose,

* sargybiniu - **Ramiojo vandenyno** šachmatuose,

* princu - tobuliuose šachmatuose **perfect 12 chess*)****, kuriuose teigiama, kad šis vardas naudotas ir kurjerių šachmatuose*

Žymenys
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Užrašant princo ėjimus, rašoma didžioji raidė - "M", pav. **Mc2-d3**.
Šachmatų diagramose figūra žymima kaip apverstas žemyn galva šachmatų karalius.

Šaltiniai
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1. ↑  „WF (or "Commoner")" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 m. spalio 28 d..
2. ↑  „Piececlopedia: Man" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 m. spalio 27 d..
3. ↑  „Patarėjų šachmatai" (anglų). Suarchyvuotas originalas 2017-09-15. Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 m. spalio 28 d.. `{{cite web}}`: Nežinomas parametras `|dead-url=` ignoruotas (`|url-status=` suggested) (pagalba)
4. ↑  „Kurjerių žaidimas" (anglų). Suarchyvuotas originalas 2018-01-17. Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 m. spalio 28 d.. `{{cite web}}`: Nežinomas parametras `|dead-url=` ignoruotas (`|url-status=` suggested) (pagalba)
5. ↑  „Ramiojo vandenyno šachmatai" (anglų). Suarchyvuotas originalas 2017-09-15. Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 m. spalio 28 d.. `{{cite web}}`: Nežinomas parametras `|dead-url=` ignoruotas (`|url-status=` suggested) (pagalba)
6. ↑  „Perfect 12" (anglų). Suarchyvuotas originalas 2017-09-10. Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 m. spalio 28 d.. `{{cite web}}`: Nežinomas parametras `|dead-url=` ignoruotas (`|url-status=` suggested) (pagalba)

Nuorodos
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Kurjerių šachmatų istorija