**Samuelis Loidas**  
  *Musical World* 1859

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |
| --- |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

 |  |
|  |

 |
|  **#2**  *Retro uždavinys* Matas dviem ėjimais.
**1.Va1!** (gresia Vh8#),
1… 0-0-0? (nelegalu), nes paskutinis juodųjų ėjimas galėjo būti bokštu, arba karaliumi. 
**1...∞ 2. Vh8#.** |

**Retrogradinė analizė** (lot. *retrogradus* „einantis atgal") – tai ankstesnės žaidimo eigos (pilnos ar dalinės) šachmatų kompozicijoje atstatymas, surandant prieš tai buvusius abiejų pusių ėjimus, atvedusius prie pateiktojo uždavinio ar etiudo padėties.

Ne visų šachmatų uždavinių pozicijų praeitį reikia tirti retrogradinės analizės metodais, bet yra uždavinių, kuriems to reikia. Tokie šachmatų uždaviniai vadinami **įrodomaisiais**, arba **retrouždaviniais**. Jie priskiriami *Ypatingajai šachmatų kompozicijos šakai*.

Retrogradinės analizės metodais tiriama: klasikinės retrokompozicijos, įrodomosios partijos, retraktoriai, vienspalviai uždaviniai, figūros vieta šachmatų pozicijoje ir kt.

Prieš pradedant ieškoti uždavinio sprendinio, kai kada svarbu nustatyti šachmatų pozicijos praeitį, išsiaiškinti:

* ar padėtis diagramoje legali?
* ar išlikusi teisė į rokiruotę?
* ar yra teisė kirsti prasilenkiantį pėstininką?

Pozicijos legalumą padeda ištirti retrogradinė analizė: pradedanti nuo paskutiniojo ėjimo, nuosekliai atkurianti ankstesnius legalius abiejų pusių ėjimus (nebūtinai pačius geriausius). Taip sužinome, kaip galėjo susidaryti analizuojamos šachmatų diagramos figūrų padėtis.

Istorija
--------

Pirmieji retrogradinės analizės uždaviniai pasirodė XIX a. viduryje **Samuelis Loidas** (*Samuel Loyd* (1841–1911))ir kt.). Daug dėmesio šiam žanrui skyrė: **Volfgangas Hunsdorferis** (*Wolfgang August Eduard Hundsdorfer* (1879–1951))
, kuris, kartu su **Tomu Dosonu** (*Thomas Rayner Dawson* (1889–1951)), yra knygos išleistos 1915 m. „Retrogradinė analizė" bendraautoris, **Valerijus Oniciu** (*Valerian Onitiu* (1872–1948)), **Nilsas Hegas** (*Niels Høeg* (1876–1951), **Chulio Sunjeras** (*Julio Sunyer* (1888–1957)), vėliau – **Luidžis Čerianis** (*Luigi Ceriani* (1894–1969)), **Leonas Loeventonas** (*Leon Loewenton* *(Löwenton)* (1889–1963) .

Paskirtis
---------

**Valteris fon Holchauzenas**  
 *Akadem. Schachblätter* 1901

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |
| --- |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

 |  |
|  |

 |
| **#1** *Retro analizė*. Tiesioginis matas vienu ėjimu. 
1.Kxa7 b8Ž#
1.Kxc7 b7xa8Ž#
1.Bxa7 Bc8#. |



 **Fridrichas Amelungas**  
 *Düna-Zeitung (129/53)*  1897

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |
| --- |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

 |  |
|  |

 |
| **#2Retro analizė*. Tiesioginis matas dviem ėjimais*** 
1...Kxh5 2.Bxh7#
1.f7?? ∞
1...Kxh5 2.Bxh7#
1...Kg7 2.f8V#, paneig. 1...g4!
1.e6?? ∞
1...Kxh5 2.Bxh7#,
paneigimas 1...g4!
**1.hxg6!**Kxh5 2.Bxh7# |

Šachmatų pozicijų retrogradinė analizė atliekama, kai reikia išsiaiškinti:

* kompozicijos legalumą,
* kieno ėjimas,
* pėstininko kirtimo prasilenkiant galimybę,
* karaliaus teisę į rokiruotę,
* figūros stovėjimą pradinėje padėtyje,
* figūros kilmę ir kt.

Uždaviniai
----------

Retrouždaviniai sudaro ypatingą, su įvairiomis užduotimis, kompozicijų grupę, kurių sprendimui pradžioj reikia atlikti ankstesnių ėjimų, atvedusių į padėtį diagramoje, analizę. Praeinančio pėstininko kirtimas, formuojant uždavinio turinį užima svarbią vietą..

### Ėjimo pirmumo teisė

**Valterio fon Holchauzeno** uždavinyje nenurodyta kas turi duoti matą pirmuoju ėjimu. Sprendėjas, panaudojęs nesudėtingą metodiką gali nustatyti kieno ėjimas. Tam reikia surasti, koks galėjo būti paskutinysis juodųjų figūrų ėjimas. Paaiškėjus, kad ne bokšto ir ne karaliaus, lieka, kad pateiktoje pozicijoje yra juodųjų ėjimas.

**Fridricho Amelungo** (*Friedrich Ludwig Balthasar Amelung*, (1842–1909)) uždavinyje nenurodyta, kieno ėjimas. Atlikus retroanalizę nustatome, kad paskutinis juodųjų ėjimas buvo tik **g7-g5**, nes juodųjų pėstininkas laukelyje **g6** negalėjo stovėti ( būtų šachavęs baltųjų karalių laukelyje f5). Kadangi ėjimas yra baltųjų, jie turi teisę kirsti prasilenkiantį juodųjų pėstininką. Po 1. **h5xg6** (kirtimas prasilenkiant) **Kh5 2. Bxh7#** užduotis išspresta.

### Įrodomieji uždaviniai

Šie uždaviniai sprendėjui pateikia užduotį, nukreiptą į pateiktos sprendimui pozicijos praeitį, o ne į ateitį. Užduotyje prašoma nurodyti ne kaip matuoti, o po kokių ėjimų atsirado ši padėtis. Juos išsprendus reikia parodyti kokiais legaliais šachmatų žaidimo ėjimais galima pasiekti figūrų išsidėstymą pateiktoje sprendimui pozicijoje. Atskira įrodomųjų uždavinių šaka yra trumposios įrodomosios partijos.

**Nilso Hego** kompozicijoje baltųjų pėstininkas į laukelį e6 pateko, nukirtęs prasilenkiantį pėstininką laukelyje e5. Pastarasis ten atsirado, kai po baltųjų šacho ėjimu d4-d5+ juodieji uždengė savo karalių pėstininku, paeidami **e7-e5**.

**Nikitos Plaksino** pozicijoje juodųjų karalius patiria dvigubą šachą ir matą valdove ir rikiu. Jį baltieji galėjo skelbti tik kirsdami iš laukelio **f5** prasilenkiantį pėstininką ėjimu **f5xe6**, jei prieš tai juodieji ėjo pėstininku **e7-e5**. Bet kaip baltieji galėjo šachuoti rikiu esančiu laukelyje **a1**? Tai galima tik paėjus pėstininku - **d4-d5**+. Prieš tai juodieji turėjo eiti karaliumi **Kf7-f6**, nes kiti laukeliai buvo baltųjų atakuojami. Kyla klausimas kaip iš viso jis galėjo laukelyje **f7** stovėti? Tai įmanoma tik, jei rikio tuo metu laukelyje **g8** dar nebuvo. Jis galėjo atsirasti tik, paaukštinus baltųjų pėstininką ėjimu **g7-g8R+**. 

Atrasti ėjimai užrašomi atgalinės notacijos forma: **1. f5xe6 # 2. d4-d5+ e7-e5 3. g7-g8R+ Kf7-f6**. Ėjimai numeruojami atvirkščiai nei įprasta. 

Čia atkurti tik trys abiejų pusių ėjimai. Sudėtingesniuose uždaviniuose tenka atkurti ir daugiau: dešimtis, o kartais ir daugiau ėjimų.

Trumpai žvilgterėjus į prancūzų šachmatų kompozitoriaus **Eriko Andželinio** (*Eric Angelini*) poziciją, nesimato kaip baltųjų karalius atėjo į laukelį **e5**. Iš kokio laukelio ateitų, tektų eiti per laukelius, kuriuose jam grasintų dvi juodųjų figūros. Tačiau po detalesnės analizės, atrandame, kad karalius, vis tik, galėjo ateiti iš laukelio **f5**, jei prieš tai buvo juodųjų ėjimas **f4xg3**, kertantis prasilenkiantį pėstininką **g4**. Šis ten atsirado, kai baltieji dengėsi nuo juodojo rikio šacho ėjimu **g2-g4**, juodųjų žirgui, pasitraukus iš laukelio **g4** ėjimu **Žg4-e5**. Juodųjų pėstininkui tebesant laukelyje **f4**, o juodųjų žirgui laukelyje **g4**, laukelis **f5** nebuvo šachuojamas, todėl baltųjų karalius galėjo per jį pereiti.


|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 
 **Nilsas Hegas** *Skakbladet*  1916

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |
| --- |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

 |  |
|  |

 |
| *Retro analizė* Kaip atsirado ši padėtis?
**1.d4-d5+** e7-e5
2. d5xe6 (kirtimas prasilenkiant) |

 |  | 
  **Nikita Plaksinas** 1980

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |
| --- |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

 |  |
|  |

 |
| *Retro analizė*. Trys paskutinieji ėjimai? 
**1. g7-g8R+ Kf7-f6**
**2. d4-d5+ e7-e5**
**3. f5xe6 #** (kirtimas prasilenkiant) |

 |  | 
  **Erikas Andželinis***Europe Echecs* 1995

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |
| --- |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

 |  |
|  |

 |
| *Retro* Koks paskutinis baltųjų ėjimas?
**1... Žg4-e5+** (atveriamasis šachas)
**2. g2-g4 f4xg3++** (kirtimas prasilenkiant, dvigubas šachas)
**1.Kf5xe5** |

 |

### Rokiruotės ir kirtimo prasilenkiant susitarimai

Retrogradinėje šachmatų uždavinių analizėje rokiruotė ir kirtimas prasilenkiant yra svarbūs klausimai, nes susidaro keblių situacijų, kai neaišku, kaip su rokiruote, ar praeinančio pėstininko kirtimu. Jų sprendimui yra priimta eilė susitarimų.

#### Dalinė retrogradinė analizė

**Viljamo Langstafo** (*William Langstaff* (1897–1974)) uždavinys – dalinės retrogradinės analizės RPA (angl. *Partial Retrograde Analysis*) pavyzdys. Juodųjų rokiruotė ir baltųjų kirtimas prasilenkiant yra tarpusavyje susiję: galimas tik pirmas, arba antras variantas. Šiame uždavinyje negalima tiksliai nustatyti, koks buvo paskutinis ėjimas, todėl laikomasi RPA susitarimo ir pateikiami du sprendiniai. 

Jei leidžiama rokiruoti, tai paskutinis ėjimas turėjo būti **1…g7-g5**, kuris baltiesiems leidžia kirsti prasilenkiant **2. h5xg6** ir  matas po **2...0-0 3.h6-h7#**. Jei paskutinis ėjimas nebuvo 1..g7-g5, tai reiškia, kad vaikščiojo ar juodųjų karalius arba bokštas, dėl to juodiesiems rokiruotė tapo negalima. Tad seka antrasis sprendinys: **1. Ke6 ~ 2. Bd8#.**

#### Retrostrategija

**Karlo Henkės** sutarto mato uždavinyje, kai juodieji pradeda, yra matas yra galimas tik, kai panaudojama trumpoji rokiruotė: **1.Kc2 Ba2+ 2.Kc1 0-0#.** Ilgoji rokiruotė netinka, kadangi mato per 2 ėjimus nebus. Šiuo atveju, retrogradinės analizės (PRA) susitarimu negalima naudotis, bet galima taikyti susitarimą dėl retrostrategijos (RS), kuris pripažįsta tinkamčiosios rokiruotės pasirinkimą sprendinyje.

#### Posteriori susitarimas

**Džono Kyblo** (*John Frederick Keeble* (1855–1939) sutarto mato uždavinyje panaudotas *posteriori* (lot.  *posteriori – einantis po*) susitarimas (AP), pagal kurį praeinančio pėstininko kirtimas yra legalus, jei po to seka rokiruotė. Tad sprendinys yra: **1.e5xd6** (kirtimas prasilenkiant) **0-0-0 2.d6xe7 Bf8 3.e7xd8V,B#**

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 
 **Viljamas Langstafas** *The Chess Amateur*  1922

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |
| --- |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

 |  |
|  |

 |
| **#2** Tiesioginis matas *Dalinė retrogradinė analizė (PRA)*
**I. Juodieji gali rokiruoti**
**1.hxg6** (kirtimas prasilenkiant)
1....B~ , ar Kf8 2.Bd8#
1....0-0 2.h7#
**II. Juodieji negali rokiruoti**
**1.Ke6** ~ 2.Bd8# |

 |  | 
  **Karlas Henkė***1128 Schachmatt* 1948

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |
| --- |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

 |  |
|  |

 |
| **H#2** Sutartas matas *Retrostrategija (RS)*
1. Kc2 Ba2+ 
2. Kc1 0-0# |

 |  | 
 **Džonas Kyblas***The Problemist* 1936

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |
| --- |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

 |  |
|  |

 |
| **H#3** Sutartas matas. *Posteriori*
1... ed (kirtimas prasilenkiant)
2. 0-0-0 de
3. Bf8 exf8V ar B#

 |

 |

Šaltiniai

1. ↑  „Retrogradinė analizė" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp. 4 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
2. ↑  „Samuel Loyd (1841 - 1911) American composer" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp. 15 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
3. ↑  „Wolfgang August Eduard Hundsdorfer (27-11-1879 - 16-01-1951) German composer" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp. 12 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
4. ↑  „Valerian Oniţiu (08-04-1872 - 31-12-1948) Romanian composer" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp. 16 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
5. ↑  „*Niels Høeg* (19-02-1876 - 12-01-1951) Danish composer" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp. 12 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
6. ↑  „Julio Sunyer (11-04-1888 - 27-11-1957) Spanish composer" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp. 12 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
7. ↑  „Luigi Ceriani (23-01-1894 – 08-09-1969) Italian composer" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp. 12 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
8. ↑  „Leon Loewenton (Löwenton) (06-01-1889 - 23-09-1963) Romanian composer" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp. 12 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
9. ↑  Шахматный словарь / гл. ред. Л. Я. Абрамов. — М.: Физкултура и спорт , 1964. — С. 598-599.
10. ↑  „W. F. von Holzhausen" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp. 7 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
11. ↑  „Amelung, Friedrich Ludwig Balthasar" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp. 11 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
12. ↑  „Retrogradinė analizė" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp. 13 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
13. ↑  „F. Amelung" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp. 11 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
14. ↑   Antanas Vilkauskas. Šachmatų kompozicijos pagrindai. Vilnius: Mintis, 2002.— P. 111-112
15. ↑  „Hoeg, Niels" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp. 13 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
16. ↑  „Eric Angelini" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp. 16 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
17. ↑  „Karl Henke" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp. 13 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
18. ↑  „Langstaff, William A." (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp. 10 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
19. ↑  „Karl Henke" (vokiečių). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp. 10 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
20. ↑  „Keeble, John Frederick" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp. 10 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)

Išorinės nuorodos
* Janko. Retrogradinė analizės kampelis
* Rokiruotės ir kirtimas prasilenkiant 2009 m. Kodekse.
* Kur karaliaus vieta
* T. Dosonas, V. Hunsdorferis Retrogradinė analizė

 |