**Nakviša** (angl. *Nightrider*) – tai pasakiškų šachmatų figūra, kuri eina kaip tradicinių šachmatų žirgas ir po pirmo šuolio, jei yra sąlygos (atvykimo laukeliai laisvi), gali ta pačia kryptimi atlikti dar kelis šuolius.

Kai laukelis užimtas sava figūra, nakviša turi sustoti prieš tai buvusiame atvykimo laukelyje, o kai užimtas varžovo figūra, gali ją kirsti, arba sustoti kaip savos figūros atveju.

Ji yra vertingesnė už žirgą, ar rikį. Pagal vertę – artima bokštui. Partijų baigmėse vertingesnis – bokštas, o kitais atvejais – nakviša. Jos vertė aukšta, nes, kai tam yra tinkamos sąlygos ir net, kai ant lentos daug figūrų, vienu ėjimu gali pasiekti kitą lentos kraštą.

Karalius, kartu su nakviša, kaip ir su dviem žirgais, varžovo karaliaus negali matuoti, tačiau pakeitus vieną žirgą į nakvišą – gali.

**Pav.1 Nakvišos galimi ėjimai**

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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **Nakviša** diagramoje pavaizduota kaip apverstas žemyn galva tradicinių šachmatų žirgas. Kryžiukais "x" parodyti galimi ėjimai. Savo kelyje nakviša negali keisti krypties ir negali apeiti atvykimo laukeliuose esančios figūros. |

Nakviša nesutinkama žaidžiant šachmatų partijas, bet šią figūrą pamėgo šachmatų kompozitoriai, kurdami šachmatų uždavinius.

Istorija
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Nakvišos šachmatų figūrą 1925 m. pasiūlė Tomas R. Dosonas (*Thomas R. Dawson*).

Užrašai
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Sutrumpintas šachmatų uždavinių tarptautinis žymėjimas prasideda trumpiniu, nurodant užduoties tipą ir ėjimų skaičių.

Toliau seka sprendinių, ar dvynių skaičius.
Užrašant nakvišos ėjimus prieš ėjimą rašoma raidė N, pav. Nc2-f8

Uždaviniai
----------

Dar keletas uždavinių su nakvišos figūromis, kuriuose atskleidžiamos jų savybės.

**Dosono** tiesioginio mato uždavinys nesudėtingas, bet jame atskleista nakvišų savybė – greitai iš vieno lentos krašto patekti į kitą.

To paties autoriaus sutarto mato uždavinys sudėtingesnisː jame juodieji pirmu ėjimu 1. **Nc7-f1** blokuoja laukelį šalia savo karaliaus ir kartu atlaisvina **c7** laukelį baltųjų nakvišai, kuri, tuo pasinaudojusi, nušoka į **1….Ne6-a8**. Iš **a8** ji kontroliuos laukelį **d2** esantį šalia juodųjų karaliaus. Po **2. Ng7-d1** kitas laukelis šalia karaliaus užblokuotas ir baltiesiems belieka duoti matą **2….Žd3#**

**Munralio ir Udiu** uždavinys sprendžiamas, paaukštinus pėstininką į nakvišą **1.d8N**. Ji suriša pėstininką **c6**, todėl gresia **Vxb5#** (pėstininkas c6 negali kirsti valdovės, nes jis surištas: nukirtus – atsivertų nakvišos šachas iš laukelio **d8** (Nd8→c6→b4).

Juodieji gali bandyti gelbėtis, patraukdami savo nakvišą iš laukelio **b5**, bet ji užstos savo karalių ginančias figūras.

**1…Na7** (užstoja bokštą esantį laukelyje **a8**: tad baltųjų nakviša iš laukelio g3 duoda matą laukelyje **Na6#** (Ne4→c5→a6).

**1….Nd6** užstoja savo valdovę ir juodieji gauna matą nuo nakvišos esnčios laukelyje **d8 – 2.Nc6#**

**1….Nf3**(Nb5→d4→f3) užstoja pėstininką d5 nuo rikio gynybos todėl seka matas **2.Nd5#** (pėstininkas **c6** kirsti negali nes atvertų šachą nuo nakvišos iš laukelio **d8** (Nd8→c6→b4+)

**1….Nh2**(Nb5→d4→f3→h2) (užstoja kitą savo bokštą. Juodieji gauna matą ėjimu **2. Nh1#** (Nf2→d3).

Jei **1….Ba5,** tada nakviša matuoja, atšokdama iš laukelio **b7: 2.Nb7-d3#**, kai **1….Nxa3**, tai **2.Rxa3#**, ar **1….Bxd8** – **2.Ng3-a6#**, ar **1….Bc4** – **2.V:c4** (pėstininkas laukelyje d5 negali kirsti valdovės, nes atsivertų šachas per atlaisvintą laukelį **d5** nuo nakvišos laukelyje **h7**.

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| 
 **T.R. Dosonas**
(I) Die Schwalbe 02/1925

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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **2#** *Tiesioginis šachmatų uždavinys. Matas dviem ėjimais.*
 **Nakviša**
1.Ng4-a1 d3 2.Na1-d7# |

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 **T.R. Dosonas**
Fairy Chess Review 1945

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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **H#2** *Sutarto mato uždavinys. Matas dviem ėjimais.*
 **Nakviša**
1.Nc7-f1! Ne6-a8 2.Ng7-d1 Že5-d3# |

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**Pjeras Munrialis, Žonas Udiu**
 *Themes-64* 1964

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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **#2**  *Tiesioginis matas dviem ėjimais*
 **Nakviša**
1.d8N!, jei
1...Na7 2.Ng3-a6#
1...Nd6 2.Nc6#
1...Nd4 2.Vc4#
1...Nf3 2.Nd5#
1...Nh2 2.Nxh1#
1...Ba5 2.Nd3#
1...Nxa3 2.Rxa3#
1...Bxd8 2.Na6#
1....Bc4 2.Vxc4#
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Šaltiniai

1. ↑   Antanas Vilkauskas. Šachmatų kompozicijos pagrindai. Vilnius: Mintis, 2002.— P. 104.
2. ↑  „Nakviša" (anglų). Suarchyvuota iš originalo 2017-09-03. Nuoroda tikrinta 2020 m. rugpjūčio 13 d..`{{cite web}}`: CS1 priežiūra: netinkamas URL (link)
3. ↑  „Fergus Duniho ir Hans Bodlaender. Nakviša" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 m. rugpjūčio 30 d..
4. ↑  „Tomas R. Dosonas" (vokiečių). Nuoroda tikrinta 2020 m. rugpjūčio 13 d..
5. ↑  „Dawson, Thomas Rayner" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 m. rugsėjo 1 d..
6. ↑  „Pjeras Munrealis ir Žonas Udiu" (anglų). Suarchyvuota iš originalo 2012-01-04. Nuoroda tikrinta 2020 m. rugpjūčio 13 d..`{{cite web}}`: CS1 priežiūra: netinkamas URL (link)

Nuorodos
* Šachmatų uždaviniai su nakviša

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