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|    | **Šiam straipsniui ar jo daliai trūksta išnašų į šaltinius.**Jūs galite padėti Vikipedijai pridėdami tinkamas išnašas su šaltiniais. |

| **Karo-Kano gynyba** |
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| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Ėjimai
  | 1. e4 c6 |
| ECO | B10–B19 |
| Sukurta
  | *Bruederschaft* (žurnalas), 1886 |
| Pavadinimo kilmė | Horacijus Karas ir Markusas Kanas |
| Motininis debiutas | Karaliaus pėstininko debiutas |

**Karo-Kano gynyba** – dažnas šachmatų debiutas, kurio ėjimai:

**1. e4 c6**
Dažniausias ir logiškiausias tęsinys yra:

**2. d4 d5**
Po šių ėjimų dažniausi tęsiniai yra **3. Žc3** (klasikinis variantas), **3. Žd2**, **3. ed** (pasikeitimo variantas) ir **3. e5** (stūmimo variantas). Karo-Kano gynyba yra vienas iš trijų populiariausių pusiau atvirųjų debiutų, kartu su siciliškąja ir prancūziškąja gynybomis, tačiau yra kiek tvirtesnė ir mažiau dinamiška už šiuos du debiutus. Baltieji paprastai turi nedidelį pranašumą debiute ir mitelšpilyje, tačiau manoma, kad endšpiliai palankesni juodiesiems, kurie turi geresnę pėstininkų struktūrą.

Kapablankos variantas
---------------------


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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Kapablankos variantas |

Dažniausias Karo-Kano gynybos tęsinys yra **3. Žc3** Kapablankos variantas, pavadintas Chosė Raulio Kapablankos vardu, yra:

**1. e4 c6** 
**2. d4 d5** 
**3. Žc3**  (arba **3. Žd2** ) **de** 
**4. Žxe4 Rf5**
Manoma, kad po **1...c6** abi pusės daro geriausius ėjimus ir taip pasiekia Kapablankos variantą. Įprastas tęsinys:

**5. Žg3 Rg6**
**6. h4 h6**
**7. Žf3 Žd7**
**8. h5 Rh7**
**9. Rd3 Rxd3**
**10. Vxd3**
Nors baltųjų pėstininkas h5 atrodo pasirengęs atakai, endšpilyje tai gali tapti rimta silpnybe. Paprastai abi pusės rokiruoja į skirtingas puses.

Smyslovo/Karpovo/Šiuolaikinis variantas
---------------------------------------


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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Smyslovo/Karpovo/Šiuolaikinis variantas |

Dar vienas populiarus Karo-Kano gynybos variantas yra

**1. e4 c6**
**2. d4 d5**
**3. Žc3** (arba **3. Žd2**) **de**
**4. Žxe4 Žd7**
Anksčiau šis variantas vadintas pirmojo pasaulio čempiono Vilhelmo Šteinico vardu, tačiau šis vardas neprigijo taip kaip kiti pavadinimai:7-ojo pasaulio čempiono Vasilijaus Smyslovo vardu pavadintas „Smyslovo variantas", 12-ojo pasaulio čempiono Anatolijaus Karpovo vardu pavadintas „Karpovo variantas" ir „šiuolaikinis variantas".
Ėjimo **4...Žd7** tikslas – greitai išvesti figūras, padidinti centro kontrolę ir vėliau sužaidus Žg8-f6 iškeisti žirgą. Ėjimo trūkumas tas, kad juo užblokuojamas baltalaukis juodųjų rikis, kuris daugelyje Karo-Kano gynybos variantų yra laisvas.

Bronšteino-Larseno variantas ir Korčnojaus variantas
----------------------------------------------------


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| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Pozicija po **1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. Žc3 de 4. Žxe4 Žf6** |

Tiek Bronšteino-Larseno variantas, tiek Korčnojaus variantas prasideda ėjimais:

**1. e4 c6**
**2. d4 d5**
**3. Žc3 de**
**4. Žxe4 Žf6!?** 
**5. Žxf6+** 


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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Bronšteino-Larseno variantas (**5...gf!?** ) |

Bronšteino-Larseno variantas:

**5...gf!?** 
Juodieji šiek tiek sugadina pėstininkų struktūrą, o ilgoji rokiruotė tampa beveik būtina, nors jai visai nepasiruošta, tačiau šis variantas suteikia juodiesiems aktyvumą ir kontržaidimą. Juodųjų planas yra užimti bokštu g liniją, juodalaukį rikį išvesti į h6, kai baltųjų rikis nebekontroliuos įstrižainės c1-h6, o kai kitas juodųjų rikis bus išvestas į f5, o žirgas – į d7, valdove bus galima pulti baltųjų valdovės sparno pėstininkus ir daryti ilgąją rokiruotę. Šis variantas pavadintas Deivido Bronšteino ir Bento Larseno vardais. Šie du šachmatininkai sulaukė didelės sėkmės jį žaisdami.


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| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Korčnojaus variantas (**5...ef**) |

Korčnojaus variantas:

**5...ef**
Viktoras Korčnojus žaidė **5...ef** daugybėje mačų ir susilaukė sėkmės. Korčnojaus variantas yra dažnesnis ir populiaresnis, nes pasiūlo greitą figūrų išvedimą, palieka praktinę trumposios rokiruotės tikimybę ir suteikia geresnę pėstininkų struktūrą.

Stūmimo variantas: 3...Rf5 ir 3...c5!?
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Stūmimo variantas su **3...Rf5** |

Stūmimo variantas yra:

**1.e4 c6**
**2.d4 d5**
**3.e5**
Populiariausi atsakymai yra **3...Rf5** ir **3...c5!?**
***3...Rf5*** yra populiariausias atsakymas, nes Karo-Kano gynyboje šis rikis jaučiasi laisvai ir uždaryti jį yra nelogiška. Populiariausi atsakymai yra **4. Rd3** ir **4. Žf3**, **4. Žc3**.
Kartais stūmimo variante būna labai aštrių tęsinių, pvz. Latvijos-Ispanijos didmeistrio Aleksejaus Širovo mėgtas **4. Žc3 e6 5. g4**, o kartais – ramių, pvz. **4. Žf3 e6 5. Re2 c5 6. Re3 ar 4. Rd3 Rxd3 5. Vxd3**.


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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Stūmimo variantas su **3...c5** |

Variantas **3...c5!?** yra kiek retesnis tęsinys, nes aukoja pėstininką, o bandant jį atsiimti paprastai juodiesiems tenka susilpninti centrą. Šis ėjimas kartais žaidžiamas tų, kurie nori išvengti kovos prieš Karo-Kano gynybos teoriją išmanančius šachmatininkus. Michailas Botvinikas panaudojo šį ėjimą partijoje su Michailu Taliu

Keitimo variantas ir Panovo-Botviniko ataka
-------------------------------------------


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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Keitimo variantas |

Keitimo variantas yra

**1. e4 c6**
**2. d4 d5**
**3. ed cd**


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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Panovo-Botviniko ataka |

Panovo-Botviniko ataka pradedama ėjimu **4.c4**. Šis variantas pavadintas Vasilijaus Panovo ir pasaulio čempiono Michailo Botvininko vardais. Baltieji paprastai gauna izoliuotą valdovės pėstininką, tačiau greitą figūrų išvystymą, puikią centro kontrolę ir šansus karaliaus sparno atakai. Įprastas šio varianto tęsinys – **4...Žf6 5. Žc3 e6 6. Žf3**, o tada juodieji renkasi iš **6...Rb4** (pozicija tampa panaši į Ragozino gynybą) ir **6...Re7** (populiariausias tęsinys). **6...Žc6?!**  yra žemesnio lygio, nes po **7. c5!**  baltieji įgauna pranašumą centre.


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| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **4. Rd3** |

"Tikrasis" keitimo variantas yra:

**4. Rd3 Žc6**
**5. c3 Žf6**
**6. Rf4 Rg4**
**7. Vb3**
Nė viena pusė negauna pranašumo, tačiau šiame variante abi pusės gauna tvirtą poziciją ir greitai išveda figūras. Paprastai baltieji renkasi šį variantą tada, kai galvojama apie endšpilį.

ECO kodai
---------

Šachmatų debiutų enciklopedija (ECO) skyrė Karo-Kano gynybai kodus nuo B10 iki B19:

* B10 – Karo-Kano gynyba be **2. Žc3** ir be **2. d4**;
* B11 – **2. Žc3**;
* B12 – **2. d4** be **2...d5**, **2. d4 d5** be **3. Žc3** ir be **3. ed**, **2. Žc3 d5 3. Žf3 de 4. Žg5**;
* B13 – keitimo variantas, įskaitant Panovo-Botviniko ataką be **4...Žf6 5. Žc3**;
* B14 – Panovo-Botviniko ataka su **4...Žf6 5. Žc3**;
* B15 – **3. Žc3** be **3...de** ir **3. Žc3 de**, išskyrus **4. Žxe4 Žd7**, **4. Žxe4 Žf6** ir **4. Žxe4 Rf5**;
* B16 – **3. Žc3 de 4. Žxe4 h6** ir **4. Žxe4 Žf6**;
* B17 – šiuolaikinis/Karpovo/Smyslovo variantas **3. Žc3 de 4. Žxe4 Žd7**;
* B18 – Kapablankos variantas, **3. Žc3 de 4. Žxe4 Rf5**;
* B19 – Seiravano variantas: **1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. Žc3 de 4. Žxe4 Rf5 5. Žg3 Rg6 6. h4 h6 7. Žf3 Žd7 8. h5 Rh7 9. Rd3 Rxd3 10. Vxd3**.

Nuorodos
--------

* Archyvuota kopija 2009-09-23 iš Wayback Machine projekto.

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| Ž • A • RPusiau atvirieji šachmatų debiutai (**1. e4** be **1...e5**) |
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| Svarbiausi | 
Šv. Jurgio gynyba (**1...a6**) · Graikiškoji gynyba (**1...b6**) · Karo-Kano gynyba (**1...c6**)
· Nimcovičiaus debiutas (**1...Žc6**) · Siciliškoji gynyba (**1...c5**) · Pirco-Ufimcevo gynyba (**1...d6 2. d4 Žf6 3. Žc3 g6**) · Skandinaviškoji gynyba (**1...d5**) · Prancūziškoji gynyba (**1...e6**) · Aliochino gynyba (**1...Žf6**) · Modernioji gynyba (**1...g6**) · Basmano gynyba (**1...g5**) |
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| Kiti | 
Lemingo gynyba (**1...Ža6**) · Korn Stalko gynyba (**1...a5**) · Lenkiškasis gambitas (**1...b5**) · Barneso gynyba (**1...f6**) · Duraso gambitas (**1...f5**) · Kero gynyba (**1...h6**) · Adamso gynyba (**1...Žh6**) · Goldsmito gynyba (**1...h5**) |

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