**Svirplys** (angl. *Grasshopper*) – tai pasakiškų šachmatų figūra, kuri, kai linijoje stovi viena ar kelios figūros (spalva nesvarbu), gali judėti ja kaip bokštas ar rikis. Pasiekęs pirmąją figūrą, svirplys privalo ją peršokti į iš karto už jos esantį, laisvą ar svetimos figūros užimtą, laukelį (pastaruoju atveju, svetimoji figūra kertama). Jei svetimoji figūra yra karalius - tai jis nekertamas, o prieš ėjimą skelbiamas šachas. Ėjimas baigiasi, peršokus vieną figūrą. Tais atvejais, kai linijoje yra dar figūra, svirplys ją galės peršokti kitu ėjimu.

**Pav.1 Svirplio galimi ėjimai**

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| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **Svirplys**  diagramoje pavaizduotas kaip apversta žemyn galva tradicinių šachmatų valdovė. Jis gali eiti į kryžiukais "x" pažymėtus laukelius, ar kirsti juodųjų pėstininką laukelyje a7. |

Peršokta figūra visais atvejais išlieka. Linijoje tarp pradinio laukelio ir peršokamos figūros neturi būti kitų figūrų.
Pėstininką galima aukštinti į svirplį, kai ši figūra yra pradinėje uždavinio pozicijoje.

Svirplys yra linijinė figūra. Svirplį galima suaktyvinti, pastačius linijoje laukelyje prieš norimą atakuoti figūrą bet kokią kitą figūrą. Atakuojanti baterija, sudaryta iš svirplio ir figūros, patraukus pastarąją iš linijos, nebeatakuoja už jos stovėjusios kitos figūros.

Jei linijoje nėra figūros per kurią galima peršokti, svirplys ja negali judėti.

Šią figūrą pamėgo šachmatų kompozitoriai. Jie ją naudoja, kurdami tiesioginius, sutarto mato, atvirkščio mato, refleksinio mato serijinius ir retrošachmatų uždavinius.

Istorija
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Svirplio šachmatų figūrą 1912 m. pasiūlė Tomas R. Dosonas, (*Thomas R. Dawson*), atspausdindamas ją *Cheltenham Examiner* laikraštyje.

Žymenys
-------

Sutrumpintas šachmatų uždavinių tarptautinis žymėjimas prasideda trumpiniu, nurodant užduoties tipą ir ėjimų skaičių. 
Toliau seka sprendinių, ar dvynių skaičius.
Užrašant svirplio ėjimus prieš ėjimą rašoma didžioji raidė - "G", pav. **Gc2-g8**. 

Šachmatų diagramose vaizduojama kaip apversta žemyn galva šachmatų valdovė.

Uždaviniai
----------

Dar keletas uždavinių su svirplio figūromis, kuriuose atskleidžiamos jų savybės.

**Tomaso R. Dosono** uždavinyje tiek baltieji tiek juodieji turi po svirplį. Tačiau jie abu pasyvūs - gali eiti tik po vieną ėjimą: baltųjų svirplys **1. Gh4-f4. 1..Gg1xe3.**

Baltųjų **1.Kg5!** atveria baltųjų svirpliui ketvirtąją gulstinę per kurią šis atakuos toje pačioje gulstinėje stovintį juodųjų karalių. Juodieji patenka į padėtį kurioje nebeturi gerų ėjimu, pav.:
negelbsti ėjimai žirgu **b7** - dėl **2. Žd6#**, o ėjimai rikiu **1. ... Ra7,Rb6,Rc5** - dėl **2. Žc3#**. 
**1....G:e3 f3#** (negalima **2. f4**, nes pėstininkas užstotų baltųjų karalių ir šiam atsirastų šachas nuo juodųjų svirplio). 

Likusiuose variantuose matą skelbia svirplys. Nuo jo šachų galima gintis: jį kertant, perdengus kita figūra liniją tarp svirplio ir šalia karaliaus esančios figūros, patraukus savą figūrą, esančią šalia karaliaus, traukiantis į laisvą, neatakuojamą laukelį, kertant neapgintą figūrą.

Visų šių gynybos galimybių juodųjų karalius neturi:
**1....Žxe5 2.Žf4#; 1... R:e3+ f4#; 1...gxf2 Rf4# 1…gxh2 2. Ge1#** (be kitų gynybos būdų, ėjimas rikiu į laukelį e3 yra negalimas, nes svirplys atakuos karalių, nepriklausomai nuo dengiančios figūros spalvos).

**Hario Fougiaksio** uždavinys, turi iliuzinį žaidimą. Pradinėje padėtyje jei būtų baltųjų ėjimas, matą juodųjų karaliui galima būtų skelbti dviem būdais.
**1...Žg5+ 2.Ge2 Žc5-e4#:** pirmasis šachas yra atveriamasis, o matas skelbiamas dvigubu šachu.
**1...Žb3+ 2.Gf2 Že6-d4#** panašus variantas ir antrajame sprendinyje. 

Bet sutarto mato uždaviniuose pradeda juodieji - tad pozicija keisis. Šiame uždavinyje į pagalbą ateina juodųjų svirpliai, kurie padeda perduoti ėjimo eilę baltiesiems. Finalinės uždavinio pozicijos yra identiškos, susidariusioms po iliuzinio žaidimo:

**1.Ge4-e7! Žg5 2.Ge7-e2 Žc5-e4#**

**1.Gc5-b6! Žb3 2.Gb6-f2 Že6-d4#**

Abiem atvejais, matuojant juodųjų karalių, panaudotas dvigubas šachas nuo dviejų svirplių.

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  **T.R. Dosonas***Hamburgischer Correspondent* 1923

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| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **2#** *Tiesioginis šachmatų uždavinys. Matas dviem ėjimais.*
 **Svirplys**
1. Kg5 gxf2 2. Rf4# 
1. ... Gxe3 2. f3# 
1. ... gxh2 2. Ge1# 
1. ... Rxe3+ 2. f4# 
1. ... Rxe5 2. Žf4# 
1. ... Ra7,Rb6,Rc5 2. Žxc3# 
1. ... Ža5,Žc5,Žd6,Žd8 2. Žd6# |

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  **Harry Fougiaxis**
Sinfonie Scacchistiche No. 91-82 1988

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| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **H#2**\* *Sutarto mato uždavinys. Matas dviem ėjimais.* 2 sprendiniai. 
 **Svirplys**
*Iliuzinis žaidimas*
*1.Žg5+ Ge2 2.Žc5-e4#:*
*1.Žb3+ Gf2 2.Že6-d4#*
**Sprendimas:**
1) **1.Ge4-e7! 2.Žg5 2.Ge7-e2 Žc5-e4#**
2) **1.Gc5-b6! Žb3 2.Gb6-f2 Že6-d4#** |

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**Imants Dulbergs**
 *4. HO, Thema Danicum*  2002

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| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **S#5**  *Atvirkščias matas penkiais ėjimais*, 2 dvyniai: b) e6→f6.
**Ilgiausių ėjimų uždavinys**
**Svirplys**
a) 1.e6-e7! Gc4-c7 2.e7-e8Ž Gc7-c5 3.Že8-d6 Gc5-e7
4.Žd6-f7+ Kh8-g8 5.Žf7-g5 Ge7-h4#
b) 1.f6-f7! Gc4-g8 2.c6-c7 Gg8-e6 3.f7-f8R Kh8-g8
4.Rf8-e7 Ge6-e8 5.Re7-g5 Ge8-h8# |

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Šaltiniai

1. ↑  „Svirplio apibrėžimas" (vokiečių). Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 rugs. 6 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
2. ↑   Antanas Vilkauskas. Šachmatų kompozicijos pagrindai. Vilnius: Mintis, 2002.— P. 103.
3. 1 2  „E.Manolas. Svirplys" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 rugs. 7 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
4. ↑  „Piececlopedia: Grasshopper" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 rugs. 5 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
5. ↑  „Tomas R. Dosonas" (vokiečių). Nuoroda tikrinta 2020 rugp. 13 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
6. ↑  „Imants Dulbergs" (vokiečių). Nuoroda tikrinta 2020 rugp. 13 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)

Nuorodos
* Šachmatų uždaviniai su svirplio šachmatų figūromis

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