**Matai-aidai** – tai tokie šachmatų uždavinių (etiudų) matai, kuriuose varžovo karaliui, matiniuose variantuose, stovint kitoje vietoje ir *tos pačios spalvos* laukeliuose, figūrų išsidėstymas aplink jį *kartojasi*.

Terminas *aidas* šachmatų uždaviniuose sutinkamas, aprašant įvairius šachmatų pozicijos pasikartojimus. Vienas jų, kai to paties uždavinio kito matuojančiojo varianto pabaigoje laukeliai aplink užpultą karalių, kontroliuojami analogiškai, nors veiksmas ir vyksta kitoje šachmatų lentos vietoje. Lyginamos bent dvi matinės padėtys. Viena jų kitos atžvilgiu vizualiai atrodo lyg būtų pastumta ar pasukta. 

Matų aidų gali būti įvairių rūšių. Viena iš jų - *chameleoninis matas-aidas*. Taip vadinamas, kai karalius kitoje matinėje padėtyje matuojamas *skirtingos spalvos* laukelyje. Matai-aidai neretai kartu yra ir taisyklingieji ar grynieji matai.

Šachmatų kompozitoriai matus-aidus naudoja, kurdami etiudus ir įvairius sutarto, atvirkščio, refleksinio, retro ir tiesioginio mato uždavinius.

Matų aidų pavyzdžiai
--------------------

### Lygiagretūs aidai

Tai tokie matai aidai, kurių pasikartojančios padėtys šachmatų lentoje yra vertikaliai ar lygiagrečiai, arba vienu metu ir abiem būdais, viena nuo kitos atitolusios tam tikru atstumu. 

**A** ir **B** diagramose pateiktos Bo Lindgreno uždavinio dviejų variantų matinės padėtys. Abiejose figūrų išsidėstymas aplink juodųjų karalių pilnai sutampa, tačiau **B** varianto matinė padėtis yra nusileidusi viena gulstine žemiau, lyginant su **A** variantu. Be to, juodųjų karalius iš balto laukelio **A** matinėje padėtyje persikėlė į juodą laukelį **B** padėtyje. Tai lemia, kad matai Bo Lindgreno uždavinyje priskiriami *chameleoninių matų-aidų* grupei.


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| 
 **Bo Lindgrenas** 
8776 Tidskrift för Schack 03/ 1944

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| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| #4 Tiesioginis matas keturiais ėjimais. **Chameleoninis matas-aidas**.

**1. 1. Kf2!** 
**A.** 1…Kh2 2. Rg3+ Kh3 3. Kf3 f4 4. Rg4#
**B.** 1... f4 2. Rf3+ Kh2 3. Rg2 f3 4. Rg3#  |

 |  | 
 **Bo Lindgrenas** 
8776 Tidskrift för Schack 03/ 1944

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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| #4 **A** diagrama. Mato padėtis A variante |

 |  | 
 **Bo Lindgrenas** 
8776 Tidskrift för Schack 03/ 1944

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| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| #4 **B** diagrama. Mato padėtis B variante. |

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### Kitos aidų formos

Pasikartojančios matinės padėtys gali susidaryti, pasukus matinę padėtį aplink ašį 90 ar 180 laipsnių kampu. Ašimi gali būti šachmatų lentos linijos: vertikalė, gulstinė, įstrižainė, ar lentos laukelis. Prie matų aidų priskiriamos veidrodinio atspindžio matinės padėtys.

Arpado Molnaro sutarto mato uždavinys turi keturis sprendinius ir dvi poras matų-aidų. Pirmosios poros antrojo sprendinio matinę padėtį gauname pasukdami aplink įstrižainės c8-f5 ašį pirmojo sprendinio matinę padėtį. Ketvirtojo sprendinio matinė padėtis yra trečiojo veidrodinis atspindys.


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| 
 **Arpad Molnar** Magyar Sakkelet 11/ 1962

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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
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| h#2 4,1... Sutartas matas dviem ėjimais. Matai-aidai.

1) 1. Žg6 VV8 2. Že5 RV5#
2) 1. ŽV5 Rh5 2. Žf6 Rf7#
3) 1. Re4 Vg7 2. Kf5 Rg4#
4) 1. Rg4 Ve7+ 2. Kf5 Re4# |

 |  | 
 **Arpad Molnar** Magyar Sakkelet 11/ 1962

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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
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| h#2 1-o sprendinio matinė padėtis |

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 **Arpad Molnar** Magyar Sakkelet 11/ 1962

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| h#2 2-o sprend. matinė padėtis |

 |  | 
 **Arpad Molnar** Magyar Sakkelet 11/ 1962

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| h#2 3-io sprend. matinė padėtis |

 |  | 
 **Arpad Molnar** Magyar Sakkelet 11/ 1962

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| h#2 4-o sprend. matinė padėtis |

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Šaltiniai
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1. ↑   Шахматы. Энциклопедический словарь / гл. ред. А. Е. Карпов. – М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. – С. 514 – ISBN 5-85270-005-3
2. ↑  „Bo Lindgren" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2020 m. vasario 25 d..
3. ↑  „Arpadas Molnaras" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2020 m. vasario 27 d..

Nuorodos
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* Uždaviniai su matais-aidais
* Peteris Vongas (Peter Wong) Aidas šachmatų uždaviniuose