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|    | **Šiam straipsniui ar jo daliai trūksta išnašų į šaltinius.**Jūs galite padėti Vikipedijai pridėdami tinkamas išnašas su šaltiniais. |

| **Prancūziškoji gynyba** |
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| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Ėjimai
  | 1. e4 e6 |
| ECO | C00-C19 |
| Sukurta
  | 1834 |
| Pavadinimo kilmė | Korespondencinių šachmatų mačas Londonas - Paryžius |
| Motininis debiutas | Karaliaus pėstininko debiutas |

**Prancūziškoji gynyba** - vienas seniausių šachmatų debiutų, priskiriamas pusiau atvirųjų debiutų grupei. Debiuto ėjimai:

**1. e4 e6**

Pagrindinis debiuto trūkumas juodiesiems - baltalaukį rikį nelengva išvesti. Aukšto lygio žaidime baltieji visada atsako ėjimu **2. d4**, po kurio dažniausiai seka **2…d5**. Tačiau vietoj **2.d4**, dauguma mėgėjų atsako **2.Žf3** (Atviroje partijoje **1. e4 e5** ėjimas **2.Žf3** turi didesnę reikšmę: užpuolamas pėstininkas e5) arba **Žc3**. Taip pat žaidžiamas Čigorino variantas **2.Ve2**. Alternatyvos ėjimui **2…d5** yra **2…c5** (Franco-Benoni gynyba), **2…f5?!** (Kingstono gynyba) ir **2…Žf6** (Viduržemio gynyba). Vis dėlto 90 % partijų šiame debiute pasitaiko **2. d4 d5**


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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Pozicija po **2.d4 d5** |

Pagrindinis variantas (3.Žc3)
-----------------------------


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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Pagrindinis variantas |

Maždaug 40 % partijų šiame debiute prasideda ėjimais **1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Žc3**, todėl ėjimas **3.Žc3** laikomas pagrindiniu variantu. Dažniausi atsakymai į šį ėjimą yra klasikinis variantas (**3…Žf6**), Rubinšteino variantas (**3…de**) bei Vinaverio variantas (**3…Rb4**).
  

### Klasikinis variantas (**3…Žf6**)


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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Klasikinis variantas |

Dažniausiai pasitaikantis tęsinys po **3.Žc3** yra **3…Žf6**. Baltieji gali tęsti **4.e5** (Šteinico variantas), tačiau po **4…Žbd7** juodieji ruošiasi kontraatakai c7-c5, o baltieji negali atremti spaudimo paeidami c2-c3, nes šiame langelyje stovi žirgas. Taigi geriau **4.Rg5**, ruošiant ėjimą e4-e5 ir taip užpuolant surištą žirgą. Dažnas tęsinys po **4.Rg5** yra **4…de** (Burno variantas, pavadinta Amos Burn vardu.), po neretai kurio seka **5.Žxe4 Re7 6.Rxf6 Rxf6 7.Žf3 Žd7** (arba **7…0-0**). Taip dažnai pat pasitaiko **4…Re7** bei **4…Rb4**.
  

### Rubinšteino variantas (**3…de**)


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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Rubinšteino variantas |

Variantas pavadintas Akibos Rubinšteino vardu. Beveik visada po to seka ėjimas **4.Žxe4**, todėl vietoj **3.Žc3** galima žaisti **3.Žd2** (Tarašo variantas). Baltieji turi puikų išsivystymą ir daug erdvės centre, kurį juodieji stengiasi išardyti žaisdami **c7-c5**.
  

### Vinaverio variantas (**3…Rb4**)


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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Vinaverio variantas |

Šis variantas, pavadintas meistro Simono Vinaverio vardu, - viena pagrindinių prancūziškosios gynybos sistemų. Maždaug nuo XX a. vidurio tai buvo populiariausias atsakymas į **3.Žc3**, bet apie 1980-uosius klasikinis variantas tapo populiaresniu. Ėjimas **3…Rb4** suriša žirgą ant langelio c3, paliekant pėstininka e4 neapgintą. Baltieji dažniausiai patraukia pėstininką į **4.e5**, nes tai saugesnis langelis ir gaunama erdvės. Juodieji dažniausiai atsako ėjimu **4…c5**. Po to dažniausiai seka **5.a3 Rxc3+ 6.bxc3**.

Kiti tęsiniai po 2.d4 d5
------------------------

### Pasikeitimo variantas (**3. ed ed**)


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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Pasikeitimo variantas |

**Pasikeitimo variantas** buvo populiarus XIX a. bet vėliau buvo atmestas. Garis Kasparovas bandė šį variantą, bet vėliau perėjo prie **3.Žc3**. Baltieji palengvina juodųjų žaidimą, leisdami jiems išvesti baltalaukį rikį. Baltieji dažniausiai žaidžia c4, norėdami užvaldyti centrą. Vis dėlto šis variantas žaidžiamas retai, nes manoma, kad yra per silpnas baltiesiems.
  

### Stūmimo variantas (**3.e5**)


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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Stūmimo variantas |

Kaip ir pasikeitimo variantas, **stūmimo variantas** buvo dažnai žaidžiama ankstyvosiomis šios gynybos išpopuliarėjimo dienomis. Tačiau maždaug nuo 1980-ųjų metų jo populiarumas išblėso, nors jis dar matomas aukšto lygio žaidime, priešingai nuo pasikeitimo varianto. Variantas dažniausiai tęsiamas ėjimais **3…c5 4.c3 Žc6 5.Žf3**. Ankstyvame XX amžiuje vietoj **3…c5** buvo bandytas ėjimas **3…b6**, bandant fianketuoti suvaržytą rikį.

Po **5.Žf3** pagrindiniai tęsiniai yra **5…Vb6** bei **5…Rd7**. Ėjimo **5…Vb6** idėja - didinti spaudimą laukeliui d4, o dar užpuolamas laukelis b2, todėl baltųjų juodalaukis rikis negali laisvai judėti bei ginti laukelio d4 dėl b pėstininko praradimo. Toliau dažniausiai žaidžiama **6.a3** (ruošiant **7.b4** ir valdovės sparne gauti daugiau erdvės) arba **6.Re2**. Į **6.a3** baltieji atsako ėjimu **6…c4**, besiruošdami kirsti prasilenkiant, jei paeinama **7.b4**.
  

### Tarašo variantas (**3.Žd2**)


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| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Tarašo variantas |

**Tarašo variantas** yra **3.Žd2**. Pavadintas didmeistrio Zigberto Tarašo vardu. Šiuo metu Tarašo variantą nuo XX a. septinto dešimtmečio propaguoja Anatolijus Karpovas. Kartais šis debiutas pereina į Rubinšteino variantą. Tačiau šis variantas nėra pakankamai aktyvus, žirgas blokuoja baltųjų juodalaukį rikį bei nepuola baltųjų figūrų (silpnai kontroliuoja centrą).

ECO lentelė
-----------

Šachmatų debiutų enciklopedija skyrė šiam debiutui ECO kodus nuo C00 iki C19:

* C00 - **1.e4 e6** be **2.d4** (pvz. Čigorino variantas **2.Ve2**)
* C01 - **2.d4 d5** (įskaitant pasikeitimo variantą)
* C02 - **3.e5** (Stūmimo variantas)
* C03 - **3.Žd2** (įskaitant **3…Re7**; C03-C09 skirti Tarašo variantui)
* C04 - **3.Žd2 Žc6** (Gvimardo variantas)
* C05 - **3.Žd2 Žf6**
* C06 - **3.Žd2 Žf6 4.e5 Žfd7 5.Rd3**
* C07 - **3.Žd2 c5** (įskaitant **4.ed Vxd5**)
* C08 - **3.Žd2 c5 4.ed ed**
* C09 - **3.Žd2 c5 4.ed ed 5.Žgf3 Žc6**
* C10 - **3.Žc3** (įskaitant Rubinšteino variantą **3…dxe4**)
* C11 - **3.Žc3 Žf6** (įskaitant Šteinico variantą **4.e5**; C11-C14 skirta klasikiniam variantui)
* C12 - **3.Žc3 Žf6 4.Rg5** (įskaitant MakKečono variantą **4…Rb4**)
* C13 - **3.Žc3 Žf6 4.Rg5 de** (Burno variantas)
* C14 - **3.Žc3 Žf6 4.Rg5 Re7**
* C15 - **3.Žc3 Rb4** (C15-C19 skirta Vinaverio variantui)
* C16 - **3.Žc3 Rb4 4.e5**
* C17 - **3.Žc3 Rb4 4.e5 c5**
* C18 - **3.Žc3 Rb4 4.e5 c5 5.a3** (įskaitant armėniškąjį variantą **5…Ra5**)
* C19 - **3.Žc3 Rb4 4 e5 c5 5.a3 Rxc3+ 6.bc Že7 7.Žf3** (arba **7.a4**)

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| Ž • A • RPusiau atvirieji šachmatų debiutai (**1. e4** be **1...e5**) |
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| Svarbiausi | 
Šv. Jurgio gynyba (**1...a6**) · Graikiškoji gynyba (**1...b6**) · Karo-Kano gynyba (**1...c6**)
· Nimcovičiaus debiutas (**1...Žc6**) · Siciliškoji gynyba (**1...c5**) · Pirco-Ufimcevo gynyba (**1...d6 2. d4 Žf6 3. Žc3 g6**) · Skandinaviškoji gynyba (**1...d5**) · Prancūziškoji gynyba (**1...e6**) · Aliochino gynyba (**1...Žf6**) · Modernioji gynyba (**1...g6**) · Basmano gynyba (**1...g5**) |
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| Kiti | 
Lemingo gynyba (**1...Ža6**) · Korn Stalko gynyba (**1...a5**) · Lenkiškasis gambitas (**1...b5**) · Barneso gynyba (**1...f6**) · Duraso gambitas (**1...f5**) · Kero gynyba (**1...h6**) · Adamso gynyba (**1...Žh6**) · Goldsmito gynyba (**1...h5**) |

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