**Patrulių šachmatai** (angl. *Patrol chess*) – tai pasakiškų šachmatų rūšis, turinti taisyklę, nurodančią, kad figūra įgauna teisę kirsti arba šachuoti tik tada, kai ją gina kita savos komandos figūra (*patrulis*). Visa kita, kaip ir tradiciniuose šachmatuose.

**Frederick H. von Meyenfeldt** 
*The Problemist* 1975

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| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **#2**  *Tiesioginis matas*.**Patrulių šachmatai**
**Sprendinys**
**1.Bd3!,** jei
1...Rg7 2.Rxf5#
1...Bg7 2.Ve5#
1...Rb5 2.Žd4#
1...Bb5 2.Vd5#
(1...Kd5 2.Be3#
1...g5,B~8 2.Rxf5#
1...Rd1,Rc2,Rb3 2.Vd5#
1...Ba7,Ba6 2.Žd4#
1...Žb6 2.Bd6#) |

Karaliaus puolimas neapginta figūra yra nelaikomas šachu. Abu neapginti karaliai gali stovėti gretimuose laukeliuose, nekeldami vienas kitam grėsmės.

Patrulinių šachmatų taisyklės dažniausiai naudojamos, kuriant tiesioginius, sutarto mato, atvirkščio mato, refleksinio mato serijinius ir retrošachmatų uždavinius.

Šių šachmatų nuostatos panaudojamos ne tik uždaviniuose sudarytuose tradicinėmis, bet ir su  pasakiškomis figūromis. Dalyvauja konkursuose. Geriausi įtraukiami į FIDE albumus.

Užrašai
-------

Sutrumpintas šachmatų uždavinių tarptautinis žymėjimas prasideda trumpiniu, kuris užduotyje rašomas, nurodant užduoties tipą ir ėjimų skaičių. Toliau seka sprendinių, ar dvynių skaičius.

Kai uždaviniai sudaryti pagal pasakiškų šachmatų taisykles, tai pagal kokių šachmatų, pažymima naujos eilutės viduryjeː pav. **Patrulių šachmatai.**

Istorija
--------

Patrulių šachmatų taisykles 1975 m. pasiūlė olandų šachmatų kompozitorius F. H. von Meijenfeldas (*Frederick Hendrick von Meyenfeldt*).

Uždaviniai
----------

Patrulių šachmatų uždaviniuose svarbią vietą užima karalius, kuris paremtas savų figūrų, gali šachuoti ir matuoti priešininko karalių.

 **D. Borstas**
*J. Turksta-70, Problemblad*, 3-ia vieta 2004

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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **H#2,5** *Sutartas matas trimis ėjimais*. **Patrulių šachmatai**.

Keturi **sprendiniai**. Baltieji pradeda.
I.1.cxd3 Rd4 2.Bxd4 Ke5 3.Be4#
II.1.c3 Rh7 2.Kd6 Ve2 3.Bd4#
III.1.Bc6+ Kd6 2.c4 b5 3.cxb5#
IV.1.Kd7 Žf7 2.Kc6+ Kc5 3.cxb# |

Nagrinėjant D. Borsto šachmatų uždavinį išryškėja, kaip panaudojami patrulinių šachmatų ypatumai.

Visuose sprendiniuose matas skelbiamas bokštu, kurį paremdavo pėstininkas. Juodųjų karalius negali pabėgti iš mato tinklo, nors turi 4 laukelius: traukiantis iš bokšto veikimo linijos, baltųjų karalius, remiamas bokšto, įgyja puolimo galių ir kontroliuoja juodųjų karaliaus pasitraukimui reikalingus laukelius.

*Trečiame sprendinyje* po bokšto ėjimo į laukelį c6 juodųjų karaliui šachas nuo baltųjų karaliaus, nes pastarąjį remia bokštas. Juodųjų karalius priverstas įsiterpti tarp baltųjų bokšto ir karaliaus ir nutraukti šių figūrų sąveiką, bet šiuo ėjimu susiriša ir pats su baltųjų karaliumi. Baltiesiems belieka paremti savo bokštą pėstininku, suteikiant jam teisę šachuoti ir matas juodiesiems – neišvengiamas.

Panašiai vyksta veiksmas ir *ketvirtame sprendinyje*, kur baltųjų karalius, paremtas bokšto, antruoju ėjimu pats šachuoja juodųjų karalių. Pastarasis įsiterpia tarp baltųjų bokšto ir karaliaus taip užstodamas baltųjų karalių remiantį bokštą ir, išvengdamas nuo baltųjų karaliaus šacho, bet pastarieji, kirsdami pėstininku juodųjų žirgą, paremia baltųjų bokštą, kuris, įgijęs šachavimo galią, skelbia matą juodųjų karaliui.

Dar keletas uždavinių, kuriuose panaudotos patrulių šachmatų taisyklės.

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 **T. Tauberis, S.Seideris**
*Probleemblad* 1980

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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **R#2** *Refleksinis matas.* **Patrulių šachmatai.**
**Sprendinys**
**1.Vc1!** **grėsmė** 2.Bxb2+ Vxb2#
1...Žd∞ 2.Rxd3 Bxd3#
1...Žxf5! 2.Rd4 Rxd4#
1...Žxb5! 2.Ža5 Bd5#
1...Že8! 2.Žc5 Rxf6#
1...Že4! 2.Re5 h1R(V)#
1...Žb∞ 2.Bb2! (Vb2?) |

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 **Jurajus Lorincas**
*1253 Suomen techtavaniekat* 1997

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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **Ser#4** *Serijinių ėjimų uždavinys.* **Patrulių šachmatai**.
 
**Sprendinys**
1.Bh1 2.Bxc1 3.Ke4 4.Bf5 (f5?) Re1#
1.Bh2 2.Bxf2 3.Kf4 4.f5 (Bf5?) Ža2# |

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 **Jurajus Lorincas**
*U.S chessproblem Magazine* Spec. prizas. 2012

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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **HS#3** *Sutarto atvirkščio mato uždavinys.* **Patrulių šachmatai.** Du  **dvyniai** b) g3→d2 

**Sprendinys**
a) 1.Žf7 Vf5 2.Kf4 Ke7 3.Vd8+ Ke6#,
b) 1.Žc6 Vc4 2.Kd3 Kd6 3.Ve7+ Kd5#. |

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Šaltiniai

1. ↑  „PDB serveris: svarbiausi terminai" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 m. gegužės 20 d..
2. ↑  „Frederick H. von Meyenfeldt" (anglų). Suarchyvuota iš originalo 2014-02-21. Nuoroda tikrinta 2020 m. rugpjūčio 18 d..`{{cite web}}`: CS1 priežiūra: netinkamas URL (link)
3. ↑   Antanas Vilkauskas. Fantazija ir harmonija. Klaipėda: Jokužio leidykla, 2013.— P. 189–190.
4. ↑  „Patrulių šachmatai 2" (anglų). Suarchyvuota iš originalo 2016-03-17. Nuoroda tikrinta 2020 m. rugpjūčio 18 d..`{{cite web}}`: CS1 priežiūra: netinkamas URL (link)
5. ↑  „J.Lorinco uždaviniai" (anglų). Suarchyvuota iš originalo 2014-07-09. Nuoroda tikrinta 2020 m. rugpjūčio 18 d..`{{cite web}}`: CS1 priežiūra: netinkamas URL (link)
6. ↑  „Strategems. Danka Petkova-90MT Award" (PDF) (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 m. gegužės 26 d..

Nuorodos
* Patrulių šachmatų uždaviniai

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