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|    | **Šiam straipsniui ar jo daliai trūksta išnašų į šaltinius.**Jūs galite padėti Vikipedijai pridėdami tinkamas išnašas su šaltiniais. |

**Rokiruotė** – ypatingas šachmatų ėjimas. Yra du rokiruočių variantai: **ilgoji** (algebr.žym. 0-0-0) ir **trumpoji** (algebr.žym. 0-0). Ėjime dalyvauja karalius ir bokštas. Jį galima daryti vieną kartą per partiją. Rekomenduojama daryti 4-7 ėjime. Diagramose pavaizduota, kaip ji daroma.


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| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Ilgoji rokiruotė. X - bokšto padėtis prieš rokiruotę, taškas - karaliaus. |



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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Trumpoji rokiruotė. X - bokšto padėtis prieš rokiruotę, taškas - karaliaus. |

  

Nors draugiškose partijose nėra didelio skirtumo, ar pradėti rokiruotę su bokštu, ar su karaliumi, oficialiuose turnyruose, reikia pradėti su karaliumi, nes kitu atveju varžovas gali pareikalauti paprasto ėjimo bokštu.

Rokiruotės taisyklės
--------------------

Rokiruotės negalima daryti, jeigu:

* Karalius arba rokiruotėje dalyvaujantis bokštas yra pajudėję iš vietos (net jei kuri nors iš tų figūrų grįžo į pradinę padėtį);
* Tarp karaliaus ir bokšto yra bet kokia figūra;
* Karaliui skelbiamas šachas;
* Karalius po rokiruotės atsistoja į užpultą langelį arba eina pro varžovo kontroliuojamą langelį.


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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Trumpoji rokiruotė negalima, nes h linijos bokštas pajudėjęs iš vietos. Tačiau galima daryti ilgąją rokiruotę. |



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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Rokiruotė negalima, nes tarp karaliaus ir a linijos bokšto stovi baltųjų žirgas, tarp karaliaus ir h linijos bokšto - juodųjų rikis. |



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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Rokiruotė negalima, nes rikis skelbia šachą. |



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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Trumpoji rokiruotė negalima, nes rikis kontroliuoja langelį, pro kurį turi eiti karalius, o ilgoji negalima, nes karalius atsistotų į užpultą langelį (bet ne dėl to, rikis kontroliuoja b1 - bokštas gali rokiruoti pro varžovo kontroliuojamą langelį). |

Strategija
----------

### Tikslai

Rokiruotė daroma siekiant:

* Užtikrinti karaliaus saugumą lentos pakraštyje debiuto ir mitelšpilio metu, nes centre jis gali būti puolamas priešininko figūrų;
* Išvengti figūrų surišimo (Karaliui esant centre dažnai surišamos figūros, ypač žirgai) ar šakučių;
* Išvesti bokštą.

Nepadarius rokiruotės gali grėsti pavojus karaliui ir kitoms figūroms.


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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Viena iš galimų šakučių nepadarius rokiruotės. |



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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Vienas iš galimų surišimų nepadarius rokiruotės (Juodieji padarė rokiruotę ir paėję **Be8** laimi valdovę už bokštą). |

  

### Pavojai rokiravus

Rokiruotė turi vieną trūkumą – po rokiruotės užpultas karalius turi žymiai mažiau langelių bėgimui. Todėl kartais gali grėsti matas.

#### Matas bokštu paskutinėje gulstinėje


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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Matas su bokštu paskutinėje gulstinėje |

  

Tarp žemo ar vidutinio lygio šachmatininkų po trumposios rokiruotės kartais pasitaiko šis matas. Toks matas pasitaiko, kai po rokiruotės bokštas išvedamas iš 8-osios (baltiesiems – 1-osios) gulstinės (taip pat jei ten nėra kito bokšto ar valdovės), kai nėra galimybės su figūra ateiti į langelį f8 (jei matas gresia baltiesiems – f1). Galima ginti laukelį e8, tačiau bokštas gali patekti iš 1-osios gulstinės į 8-ąją ne per e, o per kitas linijas. Šis matas išvengiamas ir darant „orlaidę" (prastumiant f, g arba h pėstininką).

#### Matas valdove 7-ojoje gulstinėje


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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| Matas valdove 7-ojoje gulstinėje |

  

Kartais pasitaiko matas valdove 7-ojoje gulstinėje. Diagramoje pavaizduotas vienas iš galimų pavyzdžių. Gynybos nuo šio mato priklauso nuo to, kuriame langelyje stovėjo valdovė prieš 1 ėjimą. Jei valdovė stovėjo laukeliuose d4 arba e5, gynyba nuo mato yra ėjimas **f3**, jei g3, g4, g5 – ėjimas **g3**. Jei valdovė buvo laukeliuose f6, g6 arba h6, būtų užtekę ją nukirsti (nebent juodieji būtų praradę g pėstininką).

Dirbtinė rokiruotė
------------------

Kartais rokiruotės teisė būna prarandama priverčiant karalių paeiti iš pradinės padėties. Tada galima paslėpti karalių ir išvesti bokštą per kelis ėjimus. Tai vadinama **dirbtine rokiruote**.


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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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|  |

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| Prarasta rokiruotės teisė |

  

Kadangi juodieji paėjo į e7 iš pradinės padėties, jie prarado rokiruotės teisę. Tačiau jie greitai gali padaryti dirbtinę rokiruotę tokiomis ėjimų sekomis:

* **1.Be8** (tinka ir Bd8, Bc8, Bb8 ir Ba8)**, 2.Kf8, 3. Kg8**
* **1.f6, 2.Kf7, 3. Bf8** (tinka ir Be8, Bd8, Bc8, Bb8 ir Ba8)**, 4.Kg8**