**Rikinis svirplys** (angl. *Bishopper*) – tai pasakiškų šachmatų figūra, kuri, gali eiti ir kirsti kaip ir svirplys, bet tik šachmatų lentos įstrižainėmis,
 peršokdama per savos, ar svetimos, figūros sudarytą kliūtį ir atsistoti už jos esančiame laukelyje. Kai šį laukelį užima svetima figūra jis gali ją nukirsti, o karalių šachuoti ar maruoti. Peršokta figūra visais atvejais išlieka. Linijoje tarp pradinio laukelio ir peršokamos figūros neturi būti kitų figūrų.

**Pav.1 Rikinio svirplio galimi ėjimai**

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |
| --- |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

 |  |
|  |

 |
| **Rikinis svirplys**  diagramoje pavaizduotas kaip apverstas žemyn galva tradicinių šachmatų rikis. Baltųjų rikinis svirplys gali eiti į kryžiuku "x" pažymėtą laukelį h7, ar kirsti juodųjų pėstininką laukelyje c6 ar g2, be to, šachuoja juodųjų karalių laukelyje b1. Juodųjų rikinis svirplys stovintis laukelyje d8 iš viso neturi ėjimų, nes jo įstrižainėse nėra figūros, kurią jis galėtų peršokti, tuo tarpu, juodųjų rikinis svirplys, iš laukelio d5, gali peršokti baltųjų karalių ir atsistoti laukelyje a2, arba nukirsti baltųjų pėstininką laukelyje f3. |

Pėstininką galima aukštinti į rikinį svirplį, kai ši figūra yra pradinėje uždavinio pozicijoje.

Rikinis svirplys yra linijinė figūra. Ją galima suaktyvinti, pastačius laukelyje prieš norimą atakuoti figūrą, bet kokią kitą figūrą. Atakuojanti baterija, sudaryta iš rikinio svirplio ir figūros, patraukus pastarąją iš linijos, nebeatakuoja už jos stovėjusios kitos figūros.

Jei linijoje nėra figūros per kurią galima peršokti, rikinis svirplys ja negali judėti.

Šią figūrą pamėgo šachmatų kompozitoriai. Jie ją naudoja, kurdami tiesioginius, sutarto mato, atvirkščio mato, refleksinio mato, serijinius uždavinius.

Žymenys
-------

Sutrumpintas šachmatų uždavinių tarptautinis žymėjimas prasideda trumpiniu, nurodant užduoties tipą ir ėjimų skaičių.
Toliau seka sprendinių, ar dvynių skaičius.
Užrašant bokštinio svirplio ėjimus prieš ėjimą rašomos didžiosios raidės – „BH", pav. **BHc2-f5**.

Šachmatų diagramose rikinis svirplys vaizduojamas kaip apverstas žemyn galva šachmatų rikis.

Uždaviniai
----------

Dar keletas uždavinių su rikinio svirplio figūromis, kuriuose atskleidžiamos jų savybės.

Nuo rikinio svirplio šacho galima gintis: jį kertant, perdengus liniją tarp rikinio svirplio ir šalia karaliaus esančios figūros, patraukus savą figūrą esančią šalia karaliaus, traukiantis į laisvą, neatakuojamą laukelį, kertant neapgintą figūrą.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 
  **Jonas Murarasu** *3rd HM Guttman-75 JT*  2003 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |
| --- |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

 |  |
|  |

 |
| **H#3** *Sutartas matas trimis ėjimais.*
 **Bokštinis svirplys**
 **Rikinis svirplys**
a) 1.RHf6 RHe6 2.BHh4 BHd7 3.RHg4 RHe3#
b) 1.BHg6 BHh7 2.RHg4 RHh8 3.BHh4 BHf5# |

 |  | 
  **Leopoldas Švedovskis**
*976 Rozmaitosci szachowe* 2006

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |
| --- |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

 |  |
|  |

 |
|  **S#2**  *Atvirkščias matas dviem ėjimais.*
 **Bokštinis svirplys**
 **Svirplys**
 **Rikinis svirplys**
1.e5-e6! Graso 2.Žg4-e5+ Ge1xe5# 
1. ... RHe4-c4 2. Bb5-b3+ Ge1-c3# 
1. ... RHe4xg4 2. Bh4-h3+ Ge1-g3# 
 |

 |  | 
 **Jurajus Lorincas** 
 *659 Rozmaitosci szachowe* 2005

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |
| --- |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

 |  |
|  |

 |
|  **#2** *Tiesioginis matas dviem ėjimais*
**Rikinis svirplys**
**Bokštinis svirplys**
 **Svirplys**
1. Žg6-e5! Graso 2. RHa1-d1# 
1. ... RHa4-c4 2. Vc1xc4# 
1. ... Rg4xf3 2. Žg5xe6# 
1. ... Rg4-f5 2. Gf7-a7#  
1. ... BHa5-c3 2. Vc1xe3# 
1. ... RHc5-f5 2. Žg5xe6# |

 |

Šaltiniai

1. ↑  „Rikinis svirplys" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 m. lapkričio 7 d..
2. ↑  „Pasakiškų figūrų ir sąlygų apibrėžimai" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 m. lapkričio 7 d..
3. ↑   Antanas Vilkauskas. Šachmatų kompozicijos pagrindai. Vilnius: Mintis, 2002.— P. 103.
4. ↑  „Ion Murarasu" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 m. lapkričio 7 d..
5. ↑  „Leopold Szwedowski" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 m. lapkričio 8 d..
6. ↑  „Juraj Lorinc" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 m. lapkričio 8 d..

Nuorodos
* Šachmatų uždaviniai su rikinio svirplio šachmatų figūromis

 |