**Albertas Heinrichas Knystas**   
*687 Diagramme und Figuren* 1964

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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|  **h#2 Nuspalvinti figūras**. Du sprendiniai

**baltieji:** Kf5, b7, f2; **juodieji** Kf3. 
1.Kg2 b8V 2.Kh3 Vg3#.
b) **baltieji:** Kf5, b7; **juodieji** Kf3, f2. 
**1.Kg3 b8V+ 2.Kh4 Vh2#.** |

**Vienspalvis šachmatų uždavinys** – tai sprendimui pateikta šachmatų poziciją, kurioje visos figūros – vienspalvės. Tai Retro žanro kompozicija. Sprendėjui siūloma nustatyti abiejų pusių figūrų spalvas, o kartais dar ir papildomų užduočių. Baltųjų ir juodųjų figūrų išdėstymas diagramoje būna specifinis. Jis turi atitikti šachmatų kompozicijai keliamus formalius reikalavimus, neturėti nereikalingų figūrų ir pan. Tai padeda, pasitelkus matematinę logiką, šachmatų žaidimo taisykles ir retrogradinę analizę, rasti teisingą sprendimą.

  **Gideonas Huserlis**  
*Isreal Ring Tourney* 1966 – 1971

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **Nuspalvinkite figūras.** Koks paskutinis ėjimas? |



  **Gideonas Huserlis**  
*Isreal Ring Tourney* 1966 – 1971

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **Figūros po nuspalvinimo.** Koks paskutinis ėjimas?
**1. c7xd8B+** |

Istorija
--------

1964 m. vokiečių šachmatų kompozitorius Albertas Heinrichas Knystas (*Albert Heinrich Kniest* (1908–1984)) žurnale „Diagramme und Figuren" paskelbė sutarto mato uždavinį, kurio visos figūros buvo vienspalvės.

Uždaviniai
----------

### Užduotys

Sprendėjui siūloma nustatyti figūrų spalvas. Kai kada nurodyti ir paskutinį ėjimą, arba skelbti tiesioginį ar sutartinį matą užduotyje nuodytu ėjimų skaičiumi.

### Pavyzdžiai

Pavyzdžių nagrinėjimas atskleidžia, kaip galima nustatyti figūrų spalvas. 1-je diagramoje bokštai **g1** ir **h5**, o taip pat, bokštai **g7** ir **h6** turėtų būti vienos spalvos, nes kitaip abu karaliai būtų šachuojami, o tai pagal žaidimo taisykles negalima. Toliau aiškinamės karalių spalvas. Priėmę, kad **h1** laukelyje yra baltųjų karalius, o **g6** laukelyje - juodųjų, turime, kad bokštai **g1** ir **h4** turėtų būti baltųjų, o g7 ir g6 – juodųjų. Valdovė negali būti juoda, nes tada ji šachuotų baltųjų karalių, tad ji - balta. Kokia pėstininko spalva ir koks buvo paskutinis baltųjų ėjimas. Abu klausimai paaiškinami tik kai priimame, kad pėstininko spalva yra balta, kadangi tuomet jis iš laukelio **g5**, kirsdamas juodųjų prasilenkiantį pėstininką **f5**, galėjo atsirasti **f6** laukelyje. Prieš tai juodieji galėjo eiti pėstininku per du tik, jei rikis laukelyje **e8** yra juodos spalvos. Taip, remiantis šachmatų žaidimo taisyklėmis bei loginiu mąstymu, išaiškinamos figūrų spalvos.

Izraelio šachmatų kompozitoriaus **Gideono Huserlio** (*Gideon Husserl* (1925- 2013)) uždavinyje laukelyje **c8** stovintis karalius yra šachuojamas dviejų figūrų: **Bd8+** ir **Vc6+**. Taip gali atsitikti, jei paskutinis baltųjų ėjimas būtų buvęs **c7xd8B+**. Todėl priimame, kad baltųjų figūros - **Bd8, Vc6** ir **Kd6**, o juodųjų - **Kc8**. Pėstininkas laukelyje **b7** negali priklausyti baltiesiems, nes tokiu atveju juodųjų karaliui būtų trigubas šachas, todėl šis pėstininkas -juodųjų. Rikis laukelyje **a8** galėjo atsirasti tik paaukštinus baltųjų pėstininką, tad jis baltasis. Iš to seka ir išvada, kad pėstininkas laukelyje **a7** galėjo atsirasti tik po pėstininko paaukštinimo, ir negali būti juodasis. Bokštas laukelyje **f6** ir žirgas laukelyje **e8** negali būti juodųjų figūros, nes jos šachuotų baltųjų karalių.

Figūrų spalvų nustatymui padeda ir papildomos užduotys. Rusų šachmatu kompozitoriaus **Vladimiro Korolkovo** (*Владимир Александрович Корольков* (1907 - 1987)) šachmatų uždavinyje tokia užduotis, padedanti nustatyti figūrų spalvas, yra tiesioginis matas dviem ėjimais.

Jei pradėsime nuo karalių spalvinimo, pastebimėsime, kad mažiau tikėtina, jog karaliui, esančiam **h5** laukelyje, galėtų būti skelbiamas matas dviem ėjimais. Tuo remdamiesi priimame, kad šio karaliaus spalva - balta. Iš to seka, kad karalius, laukelyje **e8** laukelyje yra juodas. Kadangi karaliai pradinėje uždavinio ozicijoje negali būti šachuojami, bokštas **a8** yra juodas, o laukelyje **h2** - baltas. Dėl tos pačios priežasties ir pėstininkas laukelyje **d7** negali būti baltas, o tik juodas. 

Lieka nustatyti likusių dviejų pėstininkų spalvas. Logika sako, kad pėstininkas laukelyje **d6** turėtų būti baltas, nes ribotų juodųjų karaliaus, kuriam reikia skelbti matą, judėjimo laisvę. 

Kokia gi pėstininko **a3** laukelyje spalva? Jei pasirinktume juodą, baltieji negalėtų skelbti mato antruoju ėjimu: pav po **1. Kg6**, sektų juodųjų atsakymas - **ilgoji rokiruotė**, (*kai nėra galimybės įrodyti, kad rokiruotė negalima, ji yra galima*). Dėl to pėstininkas turi būti baltasis. Tokiu atveju situacija keičiasi: juodieji turi tik dvi, galinčias paskutiniame ėjime vaikščioti figūras: karalių ir bokštą, iš kurių viena privalėjo vaikščioti. Kas reiškia, kad juodieji yra praradę teisę į rokiruotę, todėl jų karalius po **1. Kg6 ∞ 2.Bh8#** yra matuojamas.

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| 
  **1-oji diagrama** 

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| --- |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **Nuspalvinkite figūras ir koks paskutinis ėjimas?**.
**Juodieji**: Re8, Bg7, Kg6, Bh6 (3+4) 
**1.g5xf6** (prasilenkiančiojo juodųjų pėstininko **f5** kirtimas) |

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  **Vladimiras Korolkovas** 1968

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **#2, Nuspalvinkite figūras.** Tiesioginis matas dviem ėjimais.

**Juodieji:** Ke8, Ba8, d7 (4+3). 
**1.Kg6 ∞ 2.Bh8#.** |

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  **Andrejus Frolkinas, Andrejus N. Kornilovas** *XL Rex Multiplex*  1989

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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|  |

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| **Nuspalvinkite figūras**. Koks buvo paskutinis baltųjų ėjimas?
**Juodieji**: Kc6.
**1. h5xg6++** (prasilekiančio pėstininko **g5** kirtimas) |

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  **Stanislavas Kiriličenka** *477 feenschach*  1982

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |
| --- |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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|  |

 |
| **Nuspalvinkite figūras**. Baltieji *atsiima* 1 ėjimą ir duoda matą vienu ėjimu. Sutartinis retraktorius.
**Juodieji**: Kc6, b7 (4+2). **-1. c5xd5** (prasilenkiančiojo pėstininko kirtimas) 
**1.Bc8#** |

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Šaltiniai
---------

1. ↑  „Albert Heinrich Kniest" (vokiečių). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugs.3 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
2. ↑  „Gideon Husserl" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2020 m. spalio 7 d..
3. ↑  „Uždavinių spalvinimas" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 m. rugsėjo 3 d..
4. ↑  Antanas Vilkauskas. Šachmatų kompozicijos pagrindai. Vilnius: Mintis, 2002.— P. 113-114.
5. ↑  „52-asis Pasaulio šachmatų kompozicijos federacijos suvažiavimas Bernęe 2014 m." (PDF) (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 m. rugsėjo 5 d..
6. ↑  „Владимир Александрович Корольков (07-11-1907 - 01-05-1987) Russian composer and Grandmaster (Vladimir Aleksandrovich Korolkov)" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 m. rugsėjo 11 d..
7. ↑  „Vladimir Korolkov" (vokiečių). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugp.28 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
8. ↑  „Andrey Frolkin, Andrej N. Kornilow" (vokiečių). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 rugs.5 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
9. ↑  „Stanislav Kirilichenko" (vokiečių). Nuoroda tikrinta 2019 m. rugsėjo 5 d..

Išorinės nuorodos
-----------------

* Nuspalvinimo uždavinių rinkinys
* Nuspalvinimo uždaviniai