**Andernacho šachmatai** – šachmatų variantas, besiskiriantis nuo tradicinių šachmatų tuo, kad kiekviena figūra (išskyrus karalių), nukirtusi priešininko figūrą, užima jos vietą ir keičia savo spalvą į priešingą. Nukirstoji figūra nuimama nuo šachmatų lentos. 

„Naujas" juodųjų bokštas laukeliuose a8, ar h8 (baltųjų bokštas – laukeliuose a1 ar h1) gali daryti rokiruotę.

**Alberto Armenis**
*9223 Thema Danicum* 2003

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **#2**  *Tiesioginis matas dviem ėjimais*
**Andernacho šachmatai**
**Sprendinys**
1**.Kf3-g3! grėsmė** 2.Rd5-g2 #
1...Bc5×c3 **(bB)** 2.Rd5-c4 #
1...Bc5×d5 **(bB)** 2.Bd5-d1 #
1...̟Žc7×d5 **(bŽ**) 2.Žd5-e3 # |

Nors ir galima būtų, bet Andernacho šachmatais partijos paprastai nežaidžiamos. Juos dažniausiai naudoja šachmatų kompozitoriai kurdami šachmatų uždavinius.

Andernacho šachmatų taisyklės gali būti taikomos, kuriant visokius šachmatų uždavinius: tiesioginio, sutarto, atvirkščio, refleksinio mato ar serijinius.

Uždaviniai sudarinėjami ne tik su tradicinėmis, bet ir  pasakiškomis figūromis. Dalyvauja konkursuose. Geriausi įtraukiami į FIDE albumus.

Jų atmainos: Antiandernacho ir Superandernacho šachmatų uždaviniai.

Figūrų spalvos pakeitimas padeda sėkmingai atverti linijas; gulstinėse, statmenose ar įstrižainėse. Juodųjų figūrų užstojimai įgauna kitokią prasmę. Mato skelbimo atveju juodųjų linijinėms figūroms kirsti baltųjų figūrą neduos naudos, nes jos turės pavirsti baltųjų linijinėmis figūromis, o tai nuo mato negelbėtų.

Užrašai
-------

Sutrumpintas šachmatų uždavinių tarptautinis žymėjimas prasideda trumpiniu, kuris užduotyje rašomas po uždavinio tipo ir ėjimų skaičiaus. Pav **SerH#7** reiškia serijinis septynių ėjimų sutartas matas. Pato atveju – **SerH=7**). Serijinis 19 ėjimų atvirkščio mato užrašas: **SerS#19** (refleksinio mato atveju – **SerR#19**

Kai uždaviniai sudaryti pagal pasakiškų šachmatų kompozicijų taisykles: naujoje eilutėje, per jos vidurį, pažymima pagal kokiasː pav. **Andernacho šachmatai.**

Andernacho šachmatuose, užrašant ėjimus, kai figūra atlieka kirtimą, jos naujoji spalva pažymima tarp skliaustelių pirmąja spalvos raide. Pav. jei baltųjų žirgas nukerta valdovę laukelyje h1, nepakanka užrašo 1.Žxh1, bet dar skliausteliuose užrašoma ir naujoji žirgo spalva ː 1.Žxh1 (jŽ).

Istorija
--------

Andernacho šachmatų pirmtaku galima laikyti pasakiškų šachmatų variantą, vadinamą Tibeto šachmatais, kuris nieko bendro su senovėje Tibete žaistu šachmatų žaidimu „Chandraki" neturi.

Tibeto šachmatus 1972 m. žurnale „Feenschach" pasiūlė Argentinos šachmatų kompozitorius Eduardas D. Kelis (*Eduardo D. Kelly*). Pirminės jų taisyklės skelbė, kad bet kuri *juodųjų figūra* (išskyrus karalių), *nukirtusi bet kurią figūrą, keičia savo spalvą*.

1975 m. Hansjorgas Šygelis ir Berndas Elinghofenas (*Hansjörg Schiegl* ir *Bernd Ellinghoven*) žurnale „Feenschach" šią taisyklę pasiūlė taikyti ir baltosioms figūroms. Buvo ir kitų taisyklių.

Per 1993 m. per šachmatų kompozicijos festivalį Andernacho miestelyje šios papildomos taisyklės buvo pašalintos ir atsirado naujas šachmatų kompozicijos žanras – Andernacho šachmatai, kuriuose *figūra, išskyrus karalių, nukirtusi kitą keičia savo spalvą*. Po šio susitikimo pagal naujas taisykles buvo surengtas konkursas. Naują žanrą pripažino FIDE WCCT ir jis buvo įtrauktas į kitą Pasaulio šachmatų kompozicijos nacionalinių komandų turnyrą.

Kaip sakė Berndas Elinghovenas, „Feenschach" leidėjas ir pirmojo Andernacho šachmatų konkurso organizatorius, jam Tibeto šachmatų taisykles supaprastinti pasiūlė šachmatų kompozitorius Hansas Peteris Rėmas (*Hans Peter Rehm*).

1996 m. bulgarų šachmatų kompozitorius Petko A. Petkovas pasiūlė **Antiandernacho uždavinius**, kuriuose *figūra. išskyrus karalių, keičia spalvą paėjusi, bet nekirtusi*..

2006 m. šachmatų kompozitorius Džonas Raisas (*John Rice*) žurnale „The Problemist Supplement" pasiūlė **Superandernacho uždavinių** taisykles, kuriose *po kiekvieno ėjimo figūros, išskyrus karaliaus, spalva keičiasi į priešingą*.

Andernacho uždaviniai
---------------------

Andernacho šachmatai turi savo privalumų: pėstininkus galima laikyti bet kur ant lentos be rizikos sumažinti savo figūrų materialinę vertę, nes varžovui, nukirtus pėstininką, kertančioji figūra (pėstininkas) keičia spalvą – tampa besiginančios pusės figūra (pėstininku).

Dėl šios priežasties yra lengviau pravesti pėstininkus į paskutinę gulstinę, kurioje galima juos paaukštinti į aukštesnes figūras. Sustabdyti pėstininkus galima tik blokuojant jų kilimo statmeną figūromis (pėstininkais).

Kitas privalumas yra originali galimybė siekti lygiųjų, kai karalius yra iš visų pusių apsuptas savomis figūromis. Tokiu atveju, šachą ar matą galima skelbti tiktai žirgu, nes supančiųjų figūrų kirtimas puolančiajai pusei naudos neatneša, kadangi kertančios figūros, pakeitusios spalvą, virsta besiginančios pusės figūromis.

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 
 **Goranas Viklundas**
*9083 springaren 74,* 1998

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **H#4** *Sutartas matas keturiais ėjimais.*
**Andernacho šachmatai**.
1.Žb3 d3 2.Žxd3**(bŽ)** cxb3**(jb3**) 3.b2 Žc1 4.bxc1B**(bB**) Bh1# |

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 **Valdemaras Tura**
*56 Wola Gulowska' 1999*

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **S#4** *Atvirkščias matas dviem ėjimais.*
**Andernacho šachmatai**.
**Sprendinys**
**1. Re8! grėsmė** 2. Rf7+ e6#
1. ... Rxe5 **(bR)** 2. Vd8+ Rd7# (Vxd7 **(jV)**)
1. ... fxe5 **(be5)** 2. Vg2+ Tf3# (Vxf3 **(jV)**)

 |

 |  | 
 **Francas Pachelis**
*3741 Problemkiste* 1995

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **#2** *Tiesioginis matas dviem ėjimais*
**Andernacho šachmatai.**
**Mėginimai**
1.Kxe3? Bxf4ǃ **(bB)**
1.Kf3? Rxf4ǃ **(bR)**
**Sprendinys**
**1.Kxd3! grėsmė** 2.Že4# 
1...Bxf4 **(bB)** 2.Bc4#
1...Rxf4 **(bR)** 2.Rd6#  |

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Antiandernacho uždaviniai
Antiandernacho uždaviniuose kiekviena figūra nukirtusi priešininko figūrą užima jos vietą, bet nepakeičia savo spalvos. Kitais atvejais, paėjusi figūra, keičia savo spalvą į priešingą.

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| 
 **Kolinas Piteris Sydenamas**
*Andernachas* 1996

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| --- |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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|  |

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| **H#2**  *Sutartas matas.***Dvigubas**
**Antiandernacho šachmatai**
j) 1.Re7 **(bR)** Bc4 **(jB)** 2.Bc5 **(bB)** Bxc2#
b) 1.Bb5 **(jB)** Re3 **(bR)** 2.Rc5 **(jR)** Rxf2#  |

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**Hemo Akstas**
*Andernachas* 1-2 vieta, 1996

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| --- |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **#3** Tiesioginis matas
**Antiandernacho šachmatai**
1.Vxe3 **grėsmė** 2.Žxb7+Kc6 3.Vxb6#
1…Bxb5 2.Vxa3+ Bb4 **(bB)** 3. Bxb6#
1…axb5 2.Vxb6+Rc6 **(bR)** 3. Rxb5#
1…Žxg8 2.Vx2+ Rd5 **(bR)** 3. Rxg8#
1…Rxe4 2.Vxg3+ Bf4 **(bR)** 3. Bxe4#
1…Rxd8 2.Vxh6 Že6**(b)**/Rf6**(b)**3.Žxd8/Rg7 |

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  **T.Maederis, K.Vidlertas, U.Ringas**
*Andernachas* 1-2 vietos 1996

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| 

|  |
| --- |
|  |
|  | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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|  |

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| **H#3** Sutartas matas. Du Dvyniai b) e2→f2

**Antiandernacho šachmatai**
a) 1.... Žd7 **(jŽ)** 2.Žxb6 Že5 **(jŽ)** 3.Žbc4 **(bŽ)**] Rxe5#
b) 1.... Žd2 **(jŽ)** 2.Žxf3 Žc4 **(jŽ)** 3.Žfe5 **(bŽ)** Bxc4# |

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Šaltiniai

1. ↑   Antanas Vilkauskas. Šachmatų kompozicijos pagrindai. Vilnius: Mintis, 2002.— P. 81-85.
2. ↑  „Andernachto šachmatai" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2020 rugp. 16 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
3. ↑  Я. Владимиров. 1000 шахматных загадок. М: Астрелъ, 2004. – С.246-247.
4. ↑   Antanas Vilkauskas. Fantazija ir harmonija. Klaipėda: Jokužio leidykla, 2013.— P. 177.
5. ↑  „Andernacho šachmatai" (anglų). Suarchyvuotas originalas 2000-01-29. Nuoroda tikrinta 2020 rugp. 16 d. `{{cite web}}`: Nežinomas parametras `|dead-url=` ignoruotas (`|url-status=` suggested) (pagalba); Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
6. ↑  „Petko Andonov Petkov" (anglų). Suarchyvuotas originalas 2014-12-28. Nuoroda tikrinta 2020 rugp. 16 d. `{{cite web}}`: Nežinomas parametras `|dead-url=` ignoruotas (`|url-status=` suggested) (pagalba); Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
7. ↑  „The problemist Supplement( March 2006). ANDERNACH, ANTI-ANDERNACH, AND…ER…? by John Rice. P. 738" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2020 rugp. 16 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)

Nuorodos
* Andernacho šachmatų uždaviniai

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