**1-a pozicija**

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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|  **Grynasis matas**  |

**Grynasis matas** – tai finalinė šachmatų partijos, uždavinio, ar etiudo padėtis, kai karalius ne tik matuojamas, bet ir visi šalia jo, esantys tušti laukeliai, atakuojami tik vieną kartą. Be to, laukelius šalia karaliaus, blokuojančios figūros, kurios trukdo matuoti jų karalių, gali būti surištos. Kitais atvejais jos neturi būti atakuojamos.

**1-a pozicija.** Pozicijai būdinga tai, kad laisvus laukelius šalia juodųjų karaliaus baltieji kontroliuoja tik po kartą. Juodųjų figūros, blokuojančios laukelius šalia savo karaliaus, baltųjų figūrų nėra puolamos. Visi reikalavimai išlaikyti - todėl juodųjų karaliui yra paskelbtas **grynasis matas**. 

**2-a pozicija.** Skirtingai nuo pirmos pozicijos laisvą **f8** laukelį, esntį šalia juodųjų karaliaus, atakuoja dvi baltųjų figūros: žirgas ir  rikis, todėl paskelbtasis matas negali būti grynuoju.

**3-ia pozicija.** Baltųjų rikis, laukelyje **b4**, atakuoja juodųjų pėstininką, esantį šalia karaliaus laukelyje **g7**, o to pagal grynojo mato apibrėžimą daryti nevalia, todėl paskelbtas yra tik *paprastasis* matas.

**4-a pozicija.** Žirgas **f7** yra rikio puolamas, bet žirgą surišti reikėjo, kad šis netrukdytų juodojo karaliaus matui. *Grynajam matui* toks surišimas yra leidžiamas - tad matas yra **grynasis**.


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| 
  **2-a poz.**

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **Matas** |

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  **3-ia poz.**

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **Matas** |

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  **4-a poz.**

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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|  **Grynasis matas**  |

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Paplitimas
----------

*Grynieji matai* sutinkami šachmatų partijose bei šachmatų uždaviniuose.
Kadangi reikalavimų dėl taupumo nėra, *grynasis matas* dažniau už taisyklingąjį pasitaiko praktinėse partijose. 

Pateiktoje tuometinio pasaulio šachmatų čempiono Aleksandro Aliochino ir pasaulio eksčempiono Emanuelio Laskerio turnyrinės partijos viduryje, kai viename iš variantų juodųjų karaliui iškilo neatremiama grynojo mato grėsmė, pasaulio eksčempionas E. Laskeris pasidavė.

Kitoje, iš turnyrinės partijos pateiktoje pozicijoje, baltieji pasiekia pergalę, skelbdami *grynąjį matą* juodiesiems.

Šachmatų kompozitorių **Levo Lošinskio** ( *Lev Ilich Loshinsky* ; 1913 – 1976) 
ir **Rafaelio Kofmano** ( *Rafael Moiseevich Kofman*; 1909 – 1988)  trijų ėjimų uždavinys 
sprendžiamas ėjimu 1.Vd7!, kuris sukelia grėsmę: 2. Rxb5++ Kb3 3. Rc4#. Šiame variante visi matinės zonos laukeliai atakuojami po vieną kartą, o matinis laukelis – du kartus, bet tai leidžiama.

Jei juodieji ginasi ėjimu - 1….Rb4, seka: 2. Ba7+ Ra5 3. Re6#

Nors šalia juodųjų karaliaus laukeliai **a5** ir **b5** su juodųjų figūromis yra baltųjų atakuojami, tačiau matas yra *grynasis*, kadangi atakuotų juodųjų figūrų surišimai trukdo joms ginti nuo mato juodųjų karalių.

Trečias uždavinio variantas 1…Rxh4 2. Bxb5 ∞ 3. R b3#. Mato skelbime dalyvauja visos, išskyrus karalių baltųjų figūros, o laukeliai šalia karaliaus yra atakuojami po vieną kartą, tad matas yra ir *taupusis* ir *grynasis*.


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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 
 **A. Aliochinas - E. Laskeris** *Ciurichas* , 1934

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| 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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|  |

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|  **Variantas iš partijos** 
1.Žf5+ Kh8 2. Vxg6!! hxg 3. Bh3+ Žh6 4Bxh6#
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  **F. Ekstromas - Bergmanas**   *Švedija* 1949

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| 

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| --- |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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|  **Variantas iš partijos** 
1. Žxg6+ fxg 2. Vg8!! Kxg8 3. Že7++ Kf8 4. Žxg6# |

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 **R. Kofmanas ir L. Lošinskis**   *Uzbekijos SK konk.* 1947

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| 

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| --- |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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|  **#3**  *Tiesioginis matas* trimis ėjimais. Grynasis ir taisyklingasis matas.
1.Vd7! - grėsmė 2.R×b5+ Kb3 3.Rc4# 
1...Rb4 2.Ba7+ Ra5 3.Re6# 
1...R×h4 2.B×b5 ~ 3.Rb3# |

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Šaltiniai
---------

1. ↑  Antanas Vilkauskas. Šachmatų kompozicijos pagrindai. Vilnius: Mintis, 2002.— P. 26.
2. 1 2  Энциклопедический словарь / гл. ред. А. Е. Карпов. – М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. – С. 478 – ISBN 5-85270-005-3
3. ↑  „Лев Ильич Лошинский (17-01-1913 - 19.02.1976) Russian composer and Grandmaster (Lev Ilich Loshinsky)" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2018 lap. 25 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
4. ↑  „Рафаэль Моисеевич Кофман (26-03-1909 - 20-12-1988) Russian-Romanian composer and International Master (Rafael Moiseevich Kofman)" (anglų). Suarchyvuotas originalas 2014-05-21. Nuoroda tikrinta 2020 rugp. 14 d. `{{cite web}}`: Nežinomas parametras `|dead-url=` ignoruotas (`|url-status=` suggested) (pagalba); Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
5. ↑  „Alexander Alekhine v Emanuel Lasker" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2018 lap. 24 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
6. ↑  N. Krogius, A. Livšic, B. Parma, M. Tajmanov. The encyclopaedia of chess middlegames. Combinatios. Beograd:, 1980.— P.185-187.
7. ↑  „Лошинский Лев Ильич, Кофман Рафаэль Моисеевич" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2018 lap. 23 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)

Nuorodos
--------

Grynasis matas