**1–a poz**

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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|  **Taupusis mataas.**  |

**Taupusis matas** – tai toks matas, kuriame, sudarant mato tinklą, dalyvauja visos, matuojančios pusės figūros, išskyrus karalių ir pėstininkus. 

*Taupusis matas* dėl reikalavimo, kad sudarant matinį tinklą dalyvautų visos figūros, rečiau sutinkamas šachmatų partijų vidurio žaidimo dalyje. Dažniau - pabaigose. 

Išplito XIX a. antros pusėje čekų šachmatų kompozijos mokyklos šachmatų uždavinių atskiruose variantuose bei etiuduose.

Išskirtinės savybės
-------------------

**1-a pozicija.** Matas diagramoje neatitinka grynajam matui keliamus reikalavimus, nes jie pažeisti tris kartus: šalia juodųjų karaliaus, esantį laukelį **d4**, atakuoja dvi baltųjų figūros: bokštas ir žirgas iš laukelio **f3**, laukelį **d5** - bokštas ir žirgas **c3**, o valdovė atakuoja šalia karaliaus laukelyje **f4** stovintį žirgą.

Nors tai ne grynasis matas, tačiau baltieji mato skelbimui panaudojo visas (išskyrus karalių) savo figūras. Dėl tos priežasties - tai *taupusis matas*.

Pavyzdžiai
----------

Nors taupiųjų matų pavyzdžiuose nedaug, bet atsižvelgus į tai, kad taisyklingasis matas turi visas taupiojo ir grynojo mato savybes, taisyklinguosius matus galima priskaičiuoti prie taupiųjų, ar grynųjų matų.

Čekų šachmatų kompozitoriaus **Ježy Chocholoušo** (*Jiří Chocholouš*; 1856 – 1930) 
trijų ėjimų uždavinys
sprendžiamas ėjimu 1.Kb6!, kuris sukelia grėsmę: 2. Rg4 ir 3. Žc8#. 
Po 1…. c5 seka 2. Rd5 ir Žf5#, o po 1…Kd7 2. Kc8+ Ke6 3. f5# - trečias taisyklingasis matas. Po 1…Ža6 2. Ve5+ Kd8 3. Žf7#, arba 2…Žf8 3. Žd7# - abu grynieji matai, kadangi, matuojant baltųjų karalių. baltųjų rikis nedalyvauja.

Čekų šachmatų kompozitoriaus **Jano Dobruskio** (*Jan Dobruský*; 1853 – 1907) 
trijų ėjimų uždavinyje - matų įvairovė: du taisyklingieji, du paprastieji, vienas grynasis ir vienas taupusis. Pastarasis negali būti priskirtas grynajam matui, nes laukelį g5, esantį šalia karaliaus, atakuoja dvi baltųjų figūros: valdovė ir žirgas. Tačiau matas ne paprastasis, o taupusis, kadangi visos baltųjų figūros dalyvavo, matuojant juodųjų karalių. 

Čekų šachmatų kompozitoriaus **Josefo Pospišilo** (*Josef Pospíšil*; 1861 – 1916)  
trijų ėjimų uždavinys sprendžiamas 1. Vh6! Po 
1...K×d5 2.Vc6+ K×e5 3.Žg6# susidaro padėtis, kai šalia karaliaus, esantį laukelį **e6** atakuoja ir valdovė ir rikis, kas rodo, kad tai ne grynasis matas, o taupusis, nes matuojant karalių, dalyvavo visos baltųjų figūros. 


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| 
 **Ježy Chocholoušas** *Svetozor* 1885

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| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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|  **#3** *Tiesioginis matas* trimis ėjimais. Taisyklingasis ir grynasis matai.
**Taisyklingasis matas**
1.Žb6! ~ 2.♗g4 ~ 3.Žc8# 
**Paprastasis matas**
2...Kd6 3.Ve5#
**Taisyklingasis matas**
1...c5 2.♗d5 ~ 3.Žf5# 
**Grynasis matas**
2...Kd6 3.Ve5# 
1...Ža6 2.Ve5+ Kd8 3.Žf7# 
2...Kf8 3.Žd7# 
**Taisyklingasis matas**
1...Žd7 2.Žc8+ Ke6 3.f5# |

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  **Janas Dobruskis** *Šach-Mat* 1884

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| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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|  **#3**  *Tiesioginis matas* Trimis ėjimais. Įvairūs matai.
1.Žf4! ~ 2.V×e5# 
**Paprastasis matas**
1...K×f4 2.V×e5+ Kg4 3.Vg5# 
**Taupusis matas**
3.Re6# 
**Paprastasis matas**
1...Kf5 2.V×e5+ Kg4 3.Vg5# 
**Taisyklingasis matas**
1...e×f4 2.Vd5+ Ž×d5 3.Rb1# 
**Grynasis matas**
1...R×f3 2.Vg6+ K×f4 3.g3#
**Taisyklingasis matas**
2...Kd4 3.Že6# |

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  **Josefas Pospišilas**  *Svetozor* 1887

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| a8 | b8 | c8 | d8 | e8 | f8 | g8 | h8 |
| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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|  **#3**  *Tiesioginis matas* trimis ėjimais. Taupusis, taisyklingasis ir paprastasis matai.
**Taisyklingieji matai** 1.Vh6! ~ 2.Žf6+ K×e5 3.Žf7# 
1...f2 2.Vh1+ K×e5 3.Žf7# 
1...B×d5 2.Vh4+ K×e5 3.Žf7# 
**Taupusis matas** 1...K×d5 2.Vc6+ K×e5 3.Žg6# 
**Paprastasis matas** 1...R×e5 2.Vg6+ K×d5 3.Vc6# |

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Šaltiniai
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1. ↑  Antanas Vilkauskas. Šachmatų kompozicijos pagrindai. Vilnius: Mintis, 2002.— P. 27.
2. 1 2  Энциклопедический словарь / гл. ред. А. Е. Карпов. – М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. – С. 506
3. ↑  „Jiří Chocholouš (09-12-1856 - 03-09-1930) Czech composer" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2018 lap. 27 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
4. ↑  „Jan Dobruský (28-08-1853 - 31-05-1907) Czech composer" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2018 lap. 29 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
5. ↑  „Josef Pospíšil (01-11-1861 - 30-12-1916) Czech composer" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2018 lap. 29 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
6. ↑  „Chocholouš, Jiří" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2018 lap 27 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
7. ↑  „Dobruský, Jan" (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2018 lap. 30 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)
8. ↑  „Pospíšil, Josef" (vokiečių). Nuoroda tikrinta 2018 lap. 29 d. `{{cite web}}`: Patikrinkite date reikšmes: `|accessdate=` (pagalba)

Nuorodos
--------

Taupusis matas