**Serijinių ėjimų uždavinys** (angl. *Seriesmover*) – pasakiškosios kompozicijos kūrinys, kuriame pirmenybė daryti ėjimus suteikiama vienai pusei, kuri be kitos pusės atsakymų, nepertraukiamų savo ėjimų serija sudaro poziciją, kurioje priešinga pusė savo vienu ėjimu gali įvykdyti uždavinio užduotį.

Serijiniuose šachmatų uždaviniuose figūros vaikšto pagal tradicinių šachmatų taisykles, bet iki paskutinio ėjimo jos neturi šachuoti karaliaus.

Jie skirstomi į: tiesioginio, sutarto, atvirkščio ir refleksinio mato, Kirkės serijinius uždavinius.Sudarinėjami ne tik su tradicinėmis, bet ir  pasakiškomis figūromis. Geriausi įtraukiami į FIDE albumus.

Užduoties trumpinimas
---------------------

  **T.R. Dosonas**  
 *Fairy Chess Review*, 1947

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| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **SerH#17**.  *serijinių ėjimų sutartas matas per 17 ėjimų*
 **1. Ka2 2. Ka3 3. Kb4 4. Kc3 5. Kd3 6. Ke2 7. Ke1 8. f1B 9. Bf2 10. Ke2 11. Kd3 12. Kc3 13. Kb4 14. Ka3 15. Ka2 16. Ka1 17. Ba2** Žb3# |

Sutrumpintas serijinių šachmatų uždavinių tarptautinis žymėjimas prasideda trumpiniu **Ser**, o po to pridedamas uždavinio tipas ir ėjimų skaičius. Pav **SerH#7** reiškia serijinis septynių ėjimų sutartas matas (pato atveju – **SerH=7**). Serijinis 19 ėjimų atvirkščio mato užrašas būtų: **SerS#19**, o serijinio refleksinio – **SerR#19**.

Istorija
--------

Serijinių ėjimų šachmatų uždaviniai yra žinomi seniai. Keletą tokių uždavinių iš XIII amžiaus arabų rankraščių cituoja H.J. Murėjus knygoje „A history of Chess" (1962).

Britų šachmatų kompozitoriaus T.R Dosono dėka serijinių uždavinių populiarumas išaugo po to, kai jis 1947 m. leidinyje „The Fairy Chess Review" publikavo straipsnį, kuriame išdėstė šiuolaikines šių uždavinių taisykles bei patalpino savo uždavinį.

Uždaviniai
----------

Vienai pusei, serijiniais ėjimais, kuriant matinį tinklą karaliui, kita pusė, nors ir nedaro ėjimų, dėka, tarpusavyje surištų įvairiomis taktinėmis idėjomis figūrų išsidėstymo šachmatų lentoje, apsunkina užduoties sprendimą. Dažniausios naudojamos idėjosː linijų užstojimas, išlaisvinimas, figūrų surišimas ir atrišimas.

Ne mažą vietą tarp serijinių uždavinių užima pozicijos, sudarytos, naudojant iš keleto pėstininkų paaukštintas figūras. Jų aukštinimo laikas ir paaukštintų figūrų tipas bei nuoseklumas svarbu užduoties įvykdymui. Tad tiesaus ir lengvo kelio į užduoties įvykdymą šiuolaikiniuose serijiniuose uždaviniuose nebūna.

### Sutartas matas

Sutarto mato serijiniuose uždaviniuose ėjimų seriją atlieka juodųjų figūros, kurios sukūrusios savo karaliui matinę poziciją, paskutinį ėjimą perleidžia baltiesiems, kurie ir matuoja juodųjų karalių.


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| 
**1. T Štoidelis** *Die Schwalbe* 1963

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| **SerH#12. Serijinių ėjimų sutartas matas** per dvylika ėjimų
**1.Kc4 2.Rc3 3.Kb3 4.Kc2 5.Rd2 6.Kd1 7.Kxe2 8.Re3 9.Kxf3 10.Ke4 11Rd4 12 Kd5** Že3# |

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**2. B. Lindgrenas** *Mat* 1986

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| **SerH#8**. **Serijinių ėjimų sutartas matas** per 8 ėjimus. Du sprendiniai.

**1.g1Ž! 2.Že2 3.Kg2 4. Kg1 5.Žc1 6. a1V 7.Va8 8.Vh1** Rd4#
**1.g1R! 2.Re3 3.Rc1 4. a1B 5.Ba4 6.Rf4 7.Ke3 8.Be4** Bb3# |

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**3. F. Pachlas 1998**

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| **SerH#7. Dvynys** b) c6→b3. **Serijinių ėjimų sutartas matas** per 7 ėjimus.

a)**1.Žg3 2.Ke2 3.Re1 4.Bd2 5.Rxc6 6.Rg2 7.Rf1** Rf3#
b)**1.Žg2 2.Kf4 3.Bg5 4.Re5 5.Bxb3 6.Bbg3 7.Bg3g4** Bf3# |

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### Atvirkščias matas

Atvirkščio mato serijiniuose uždaviniuose savo ėjimų seriją atlieka baltųjų figūros, kurios turi įvykdyti du darbus: sukurti matinius tinklus savo ir kitos pusės karaliui, nes baltieji gali priversti juoduosius matuoti baltųjų karalių tik grasindami juodųjų karaliui matu. Atlikę tai per užduotyje nustatytą ėjimų skaičių, baltieji paskutiniuoju ėjimu priverčia juoduosius matuoti baltųjų karalių.


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| 
 **4. Vilhelmas Hagemanas** *feenschach*, 1949

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| **SerS#7**.  *Serijinių ėjimų atvirkščias matas per 7 ėjimus.*  **1.Bh6 2.Žc3 3.Vxd6 4.Rd2 5.0-0-0 6.Rb1 7.Vxa3+** Rxa3# |

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 **5. Erichas Bartelis** *feenschach* , 1976

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| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
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| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **SerS#9**.  *Serijinių ėjimų atvirkščias matas per 9 ėjimus* **1.d8R 2.e8B 3.Be6 4.Ra5 5.Bb6 6.e6 7.e7 8.e8Ž 9.Žc7+** Žxc7# |

 |  | 
 **6. Josifas Krichelis.** *Schach Echo*, 1977

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| a7 | b7 | c7 | d7 | e7 | f7 | g7 | h7 |
| a6 | b6 | c6 | d6 | e6 | f6 | g6 | h6 |
| a5 | b5 | c5 | d5 | e5 | f5 | g5 | h5 |
| a4 | b4 | c4 | d4 | e4 | f4 | g4 | h4 |
| a3 | b3 | c3 | d3 | e3 | f3 | g3 | h3 |
| a2 | b2 | c2 | d2 | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
| a1 | b1 | c1 | d1 | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |

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| **SerS#19**. *Serijinių ėjimų atvirkščias matas per 19 ėjimų*
**1.Ve3 2.Vh6 3.e4 4.e5 5.e6 6.e7 7.e8Rǃ 8.c8Bǃ 9.Bc6 10. Rh5 11.Kg6 12.Bf6 13.c6 14.c7 15.c8̟Ž 16.a8V 17.Vg2 18.Vg5 19.Že7̹** Žxe7# |

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### Refleksinis matas

Refleksinio mato serijiniuose uždaviniuose legalių ėjimų seriją atlieka baltųjų figūros, kurios per užduotyje nurodytą ėjimų skaičių turi sukurti matinį tinklą baltųjų karaliui, kuriame juodieji, privalėtų vienu ėjimu skelbti baltųjų karaliui matą.

Be to, baltieji turi nepadaryti klaidosː figūrų ėjimų eilę parinkti taip, kad nesusidarytų padėtis, kurioje jie privalėtų vienu ėjimu skelbti matą juodųjų karaliui.

Sukūrę matinį tinklą, kuriame, esančiam baltųjų karaliui, galima vienu ėjimu skelbti matą, baltieji ėjimų seriją baigia ir perduoda ėjimą juodiesiems, kurie privalo vienu ėjimu matuoti baltųjų karalių.

**E. Bourdo uždavinyje** baltųjų figūrų kelias į galutinį tikslą nėra paprastas. Kelionėje į jį jų laukia kliūtys, kurioms įveikti, kad išvengtų refleksinio uždavinio taisyklių reikalavimo, kai tik galima, vienu ėjimu matuoti juodųjų karalių, tenka eiti tam tikra tvarka ir ne visada artimiausiu keliu.

Kad įvykdytų užduotį baltiesiems reiktų pervesti savo karalių į **e5**, arba **d3** ir atverti juodiesiems jų bokšto ir rikio linijas tam, kad juodieji galėtų matuoti baltųjų karalių ėjimais **Be4** ar **Re4**.

To plano įgyvendinimui baltiesiems pakaktų trijų ėjimų, bet tam, kad apsaugotų nuo mato ne savo, o juodųjų karalių, tenka panaudoti dar du papildomus ėjimus. Pirmajame sprendinyje tai būtų ėjimas **1.f6** kuriuo nuo savo bokšto užstojama 6-oji horizontalė: tai leis ėjimu **2.Kd4** atrišti baltųjų bokštą **Bc6**. (baltieji negalėjo iš karto eiti į tikslą: **2.Kd3?**, nes sekančiu ėjimu privalėtų matuoti juodųjų karalių ėjimu **3.R:e1#**) Dabar atrištasis bokštas ėjimu **3. Bc3** užstoja baltųjų rikį, apribodamas jo galimybes matuoti juodųjų karalių.

Tik dabar baltieji eina į galutinį tiksląː ėjimu **4.Kd3** atriša rikį **b4** ir atveria ketvirtąją horizontalę, eidami **5.Re7**. Kai pradžioje numatytos linijos yra atvertos, juodieji paskutiniuoju ėjimu matuoja baltųjų karalių **5….Re4#**.

Antrajame sprendinyje baltieji tikslą pasiekia panašiaiː laiku užstodami ir atverdami linijas.

Šiame uždavinyje gausiai panaudotos linijų užstojimo ir atvėrimo taktinės idėjos, kelia uždavinio meninę vertę. Tai įvertino kompozicijos konkurso teisėjas, skyręs jam pirmąją vietą.

**M. Victumo uždavinyje** baltieji tikslą gali pasiekti blokuodami laukelius **g5**, ar **h4**. Baltųjų žirgas į kiekvieną iš jų gali patekti dviem būdais, tačiau vienas jų yra klaidingas, nes papildomai užstoja baltųjų karalių 4-oje horizontalėje, ar juodojo rikio įstrižainėje ir atriša figūras **Rd4**, ar **Be6**, kurios privalėtų matuoti juodųjų karalių. Dėl abiejuose sprendiniuose klaidinančių pėdsakų ir dvigubų surištų matų konkurso teisėjas įvertino šį uždavinį 2-ąja vieta.

**A. Semanenko uždavinyje** paskutiniuoju ėjimu, 
surišus baltųjų figūras, išvengiama mato juodiesiems. Uždavinyje gausiai naudojamos surišimų ir atrišimų taktinės idėjos. Konkurso teisėjas šiam uždaviniui skyrė 3-ią vietą.


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| 
 **7. Evgenijus Bourdas** *1-a vieta WCCC 2016 5DCT - B* , 2016

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| **SerR#5. 2 sprendiniai.** Serijinių ėjimų refleksinis matas per 5 ėjimus. 
 **1.f6 2.Kd4** (2.Kd3? 3.Rxe1#) **3.Bc3 4.Kd3 5.Re7 Re4#**
**1.Bd2** (1.Kd5? 2.Rxe1#) **2.Kd5** (2.Ke5? 3.Bh6#) **3.Rd6 4.Ke5 5.Bc2 Be4#** |

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 **8. Menachemas Victumas** *2-a v. WCCC 2016 5DCT - B* , 2016

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| **SerR#3**. 2 sprendiniai.  *Serijinių ėjimų refleksinis matas per 3 ėjimus.* 
 **1.Žf2 2.Žh3** (Že4? Bg7#) **3.Žg5 Žf6#**
**1.Že3 2.Žg2** (Žf5? Be8#) **3.Žh4 Že5** |

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 **9. Aleksandras Semenenko** *3-ia v. WCCC 2016 5DCT - B* , 2016

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| **SerR#5**. 2 sprendiniai.  *Serijinių ėjimų refleksinis matas per 5 ėjimus.* 
 **1.Kd3 2.Rxd5 3.Rf3 4.Re2** (4.Be4? Žf6#) **5.Be4 Bc3#**
**1.Kb4 2.Bxd5 3.Ba5 4.Ba4** (4.Rb5? c8V#) **5.Rb5 Rc3#** |

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Šaltiniai
---------

1. ↑   Antanas Vilkauskas. Fantazija ir harmonija. Klaipėda: Jokužio leidykla, 2013.— P. 185–187.
2. ↑  „Sutarti serijinių ėjimų matai" (anglų). Suarchyvuota iš originalo 2011-08-13. Nuoroda tikrinta 2020 m. rugpjūčio 19 d..`{{cite web}}`: CS1 priežiūra: netinkamas URL (link)
3. ↑  Я. Владимиров. 1000 шахматных загадок. М: Астрелъ, 2004. – С.246-247.
4. ↑  H.R. Muray. A History of Chess. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962.
5. ↑  „Petko A. Petkov. Sutarto ir atvirkčio ir serijinių matų sunkumai 2". Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 m. kovo 18 d..
6. ↑  „Atvirkščias matas ir serijiniai ėjimai" (anglų). Suarchyvuotas originalas 2017-03-26. Nuoroda tikrinta 2017 m. kovo 18 d..
7. ↑  „Miodragas Mladenovičius. Serijinių (3-8 ėjimų) refleksinių matų, su mažiausiai dviem sprendiniais komponavimo turnyras" (PDF) (anglų). Nuoroda tikrinta 2020 m. spalio 7 d..

Nuorodos
--------

* Serijiniai šachmatų uždaviniai
* Peteris Vongas. Serijinis šachmatų uždavinys