Pictura *Bovis muti* a Rowland Ward Ltd anno 1898 prolata

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 — Chordata

Classis : Artiodactyla   
Familia : Bovidae   
Subfamilia : Bovinae   
Genus : *Bos*   
Species : ***Bos mutus***   
Przewalski, 1883  
   
Palaeontologia

5–0 m.a.:  
praeЄ







Є
O
S
D
C
P
T
I
K
Pg
N

↓
Pliocaeno ineunte – Recens
Conservationis status

VU  
  
  
Damno obiecta (IUCN 3.1)
Territorium

Distributio geographica

***Bos mutus*** est magna species fera mammalium subfamiliae Bovinarum familiae Bovidarum, quae in Himalaia endemica est, progenitor *Bovis grunnientis,* yak domestici vulgo appellati.

Taxinomia
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Progenitor boum ferorum et domesticorum a *Bove primigenio* abhinc annorum ab uno ad quinque milliones declinare putatur. *Bos mutus* usitate (sed non semper) species a *Bove grunniente* separata tractatur.

Descriptio
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Specimen conservatum.
*Boves muti.*
*Bos mutus* mas.
*Bos mutus* hieme.
Mulier cum *Bove muto* ad lacum Qinghai.
Hybrida *Bovis muti* et *Bovis tauri.*
*Bos mutus* inter maximas bovidas exstantis numeratur, et est maximum animal indigena in suis terris. Adulti ab 1.6 ad 2.2 metra alti in armo stant et a 305 ad 1200 chiliogrammata ponderis sunt. Longitudo capitis corporisque est a 2.5 ad 3.4 metra, cauda a 60 ad 100 centimetra longa exclusa. Feminae maribus circa tertiam partem ponderis et triginta centesimas breviores sunt. *Boves muti* domesticati sunt aliquantulum minores.

Haec animalia sunt magna et gravia, figura ampla, cruribus firmis, ungulis rotundis et spissis. Ad cutem frigore protegendam, uber in feminis et scrotum in maribus sunt parva et pelle tecta. Feminis sunt quattuor papillae. Ambobus sexibus est pellis longa et villosa, lanea supra pectus, ilia, femora, ad cutem frigore segregandam. Praecipue in maribus, haec pellis solum tangere potest. Cauda est longa et equiformis, non flocculata sicut cauda pecorum et bisontium. Pellis, plerumque nigra vel atrobrunnea, plurimum corporis tegit. Capistrum est canum, sed nonnulli singuli capistris brunneo-aureo videntur. *Boves muti* pelle aurea praediti yak fera aurea (Mandarinice 金色野牦牛, pinyin jīnsèyě máoniú) appellantur. Eruditi Sinici eos subspeciem in periculum vocatam habent, et eorum numerus in terris feris est circa 170.

Distributio et habitatio
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*Boves muti* plerumque in Tibeto septentrionali et Qinghai occidentali inveniuntur, ac nonnulli in maxime septentrionalibus Xinjiang et in Ladakh in India regionibus habitant. Pauci in locis remotis inveniuntur, praecipue in Tibeto occidentali et Qinghai orientali. Temporibus historicis, etiam in Nepalia et Bhutania inveniebantur, sed nunc extincti in ambabus civitatibus putantur.

Effectus in hominibus
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*Bos mutus* est lacus morborum zoonoticorum originum bacterialium et viralium. Inter tales morbos bacteriales sunt anthrax, botulismus, tetanus, tuberculosis.

Notae
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1. 1 2  *IUCN* (vide situs scientificos).
2. ↑  Guo, S. (2006). "Taxonomic placement and origin of yaks: implications from analyses of mtDNA D-loop fragment sequences". *Acta Theriologica Sinica* **26** (4): 325–330 .
3. ↑  International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003). "Opinion 2027. Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are predated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved". *Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature* **60**: 81–84 .
4. ↑  Wild Yak Bos mutus by Melbourne Museum
5. ↑  Nowak, R. (1999). *Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th Edition, Volume II*. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press (quoted in Oliphant, M. 2003. "Bos grunniens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessus 4 Aprilis 2009).
6. ↑  Boitani, Luigi (1984).*Simon & Schuster's Guide to Mammals* (Simon & Schuster/Touchstone Books). ISBN 978-0-671-42805-1.
7. ↑  "Bos grunniens (Linnaeus). zsienvis.nic.in"
8. ↑  Wild yak photo – Bos mutus – G13952. ARKive. Accessus 19 Decembris 2012.
9. ↑  Leslie et Schaller 2009.
10. ↑  Dubal, Z (2013). "Bacterial and Viral Zoonotic Diseases of Yak" .

Bibliographia
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* Berger, Joel, Ellen Cheng, Aili Kang, Michael Krebs, Lishu Li, Zhao Xin Lu, Buzhou Bugiong, et George B. Schaller. 2014. "Sex differences in ecology of wild yaks at high elevation in the Kekexili Reserve, Tibetan Qinghai Plateau, China." *Journal of Mammalogy* 95 (3): 638–45. doi:10.1644/13-MAMM-A-154. ISSN 0022-2372.
* Lensch, Jürgen, Peter Schley, et Rong-Chang Zhang, eds. 1996. *Der Yak (*Bos grunniens*) in Zentralasien.* Berolinii: Kommission bei Duncker & Humblot. ISBN 3428084438.
* Leslie, D. M. et George B. Schaller. 2009. "*Bos grunniens* and *Bos mutus* (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)." *Mammalian Species* 836: 1–17. doi:10.1644/836.1.
* Sarkar, Prabal, et al. 2008. *Mountain migrants: survey of Tibetan Antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) and wild Yak (*Bos grunniens*) in Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India.* Noida: Wildlife Trust of India.
* Wiener, Gerald, Han Jianlin, et Long Ruijun. 2003. "The Yak in Relation to Its Environment." In *The Yak, Second Edition.* Bangcoci: Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 92-5-104965-3. Editio interretialis.

Nexus externi
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|  | **Vicimedia Communia** plura habent quae ad ***Bovem mutum*** spectant (Bos grunniens, Bos mutus). |

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|  | Vide **"*Bovem mutum*"** apud **Vicispecies**. |

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|  | **Situs scientifici:**  • ITIS • NCBI • Biodiversity • IUCN Red List |

* ARKive – Imagines et pelliculae *Bovis grunnientis.*
* "Wild Yak." AnimalInfo.Org.