*Parnassius phoebus*

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**Animalia** — Arthropoda

Classis : Insecta   
Ordo : Lepidoptera   
Familia : Papilionidae   
Subfamilia : Parnassiinae   
Tribus : Parnassiini   
Genus : ***Parnassius***   
   
Subdivisiones: Species*Parnassius acco*  

*Parnassius acdestis*  

*Parnassius actius*  

*Parnassius andreji*  

*Parnassius apollo*  

*Parnassius apollonius*  

*Parnassius arcticus*  

*Parnassius ariadne*  

*Parnassius autocrator*  

*Parnassius baileyi*  

*Parnassius behrii*  

*Parnassius boedromius*  

*Parnassius bremeri*  

*Parnassius cardinal*  

*Parnassius charltonius*  

*Parnassius cephalus*  

*Parnassius clodius*  

*Parnassius davydovi*  

*Parnassius delphius*  

*Parnassius dongalaicus*  

*Parnassius epaphus*  

*Parnassius eversmanni*  

*Parnassius felderi*  

*Parnassius glacialis*  

*Parnassius hannyngtoni*  

*Parnassius hardwickii*  

*Parnassius hide*  

*Parnassius honrathi*  

*Parnassius huberi*  

*Parnassius imperator*  

*Parnassius inopinatus*  

*Parnassius jacobsoni*  

*Parnassius jacquemontii*  

*Parnassius kiritshenkoi*  

*Parnassius labeyriei*  

*Parnassius loxias*  

*Parnassius maharaja*  

*Parnassius maximinus*  

*Parnassius mnemosyne*  

*Parnassius nandadevinensis*  

*Parnassius nomion*  

*Parnassius nordmanni*  

*Parnassius nosei*  

*Parnassius orleans*  

*Parnassius patricius*  

*Parnassius phoebus*  

*Parnassius przewalskii*  

*Parnassius schultei*  

*Parnassius simo*  

*Parnassius simonius*  

*Parnassius smintheus*  

*Parnassius staudingeri*  

*Parnassius stenosemus*  

*Parnassius stoliczkanus*  

*Parnassius stubbendorfi*  

*Parnassius szechenyii*  

*Parnassius tenedius*  

*Parnassius tianschanicus*

***Parnassius*** est genus papilionum subfamiliae Parnassiinarum familiae Papilionidarum, qui in regionibus circumpolaribus septentrionalibus et montanis (Alpinis et Himalayanis) endemici sunt. Colore formaque variant secundum altitudine. Accommodationem altitudinis altae habent quae melanismus altitudinalis appellatur.

Variationes in genitalibus feminarum.
Sphragis in *Parnassio apollone* feminino.
Larvae plantis familiarum Papaveracearum et Crassulacearum vescuntur, et sicut aliae Papilionidarum larvae, osmeterium habent. Plurimorum papilionum cui sunt pupae nudae dissimiles, intra laxum serici globulum pupantur.

Octo subgenera intra genus agnoscuntur:

* *Driopa* Korshunov, 1988 - typus generis: *Papilio mnemosyne* Linnaeus, 1758
* *Sachaia* Korshunov, 1988 - typus generis: *Parnassius tenedius* Eversmann, 1851
* *Parnassius* Latreille, 1804; *Nouv. Dict. Hist. nat*. 24 (6): 185, 199 - typus generis: *Papilio apollo* Linnaeus
* *Tadumia* Moore, [1902]; *Lepidoptera Indica*, 5 (53): 116 - typus generis: *Papilio acco* Gray
* *Kailasius* Moore, [1902]; *Lepidoptera Indica*, 5 (53): 118 - typus generis: *Parnassius charltonius* Gray
* *Koramius* Moore, [1902]; *Lepidoptera Indica*, 5 (53): 120 - typus generis: *Parnassius delphius* Eversmann
* *Lingamius* Bryk, 1935; *Das Tierreich* 65: 538-540 - typus generis: *Parnassius hardwickii* Gray
* *Eukoramius* Bryk, 1935; *Das Tierreich* 65: 630, 673-674 - typus generis: *Parnassius imperator* Oberthür

Inter alia nomina non iam valida sunt:

* *Parnassis* Hübner, [1819]; *Verz. bekannter Schmett*. (6): 90 (vel emendatum?) - typus generis: *Papilio apollo* Linnaeus
* *Therius* Billberg, 1820; *Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb*.: 75 - typus generis: *Papilio apollo* Linnaeus
* *Doritis* Fabricius, 1807; *Magazin f. Insektenk*. (Illiger) 6: 283 - typus generis: *Papilio apollo* Linnaeus

Notae
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1. ↑  Katoh, Chichvarkhin, Yagi, et Omoto 2005.

Bibliographia
-------------

* Collins, N. Mark, et Michael G. Morris. 1985. *Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book.* Gland et Cantabrigiae: International Union for Conservation of Nature. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6. Biodiversity Library.
* Guppy, Crispin S. et Jon H. Shepard. 2001. *Butterflies of British Columbia.*
* James, David G. et David Nunnallee. 2011. *Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies.*
* Katoh, T. A. Chichvarkhin, T. Yagi, et K. Omoto. 2005. Phylogeny and evolution of butterflies of the genus Parnassius: inferences from mitochondrial 16S and ND1 sequences. *Zoological Sciences* 22(3):343–51. [*nexus deficit*]
* Pelham, Jonathan. 2008. *Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada.*
* Pyle, Robert Michael. 2002. *The Butterflies of Cascadia.*

Nexus externi
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|  | **Vicimedia Communia** plura habent quae ad ***Parnassium*** spectant. |

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|  | Vide **"*Parnassium*"** apud **Vicispecies**. |

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|  | **Situs scientifici:**  • ITIS • NCBI • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life |

* De *Parnassio* apud BugGuide
* De *Parnassio* apud Butterflies and Moths of North America