**Sel endotelial** (bahasa Inggris: *endotheliocytes*) adalah sejenis sel yang membentuk suatu jaringan yang disebut endotelium, yang memisahkan pembuluh darah dan sistem limfatik pada seluruh bagian tubuh. Sel endotelial merupakan diferensiasi dari angioblas dan hemangioblas.

Sel endotelial mempunyai permukaan yang sangat rata dengan sebuah inti sel dengan ketebalan sekitar 1-2 µm dan diameter sekitar 10-20 µm. Jaringan yang dibentuk oleh akumulasi sel endotelial membuat pola mirip mosaik lantai paving, yang membalut pembuluh darah. Substrat toksin, misalnya nikotina, akan membuka struktur mosaik ini sehingga memungkinkan molekul yang lebih besar melakukan infiltrasi melintasi lapisan endotelium yang dibentuk oleh ikatan jaringan antar sel endotelial. Molekul yang lebih besar inilah yang berpotensi untuk merusak pembuluh darah dan menyebabkan penyakit dan gangguan yang disebut vaskular.

Hati
----

Pada hati terdapat sejenis sel endotelial yang membentuk lapisan lumen dari lobus hati, yang disebut sel endotelial sinusoidal (bahasa Inggris: *hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, LSEC, SEC, HSEC*), dan merupakan 50% sel non parenkimal pada hati. Lapisan lumen yang terbentuk, memisahkan hepatosit dari pembuluh darah dan berperan penting sebagai sirkulasi mikro intrahepatik, dengan berbagai ekspresi pencerap *scavenger* dan enzim lisosomal yang berguna dalam proses degradasi pada lintasan endositosis.

Oleh karena kapasitas endositosis yang dimiliki, SEC juga bertindak sebagai sel penampil antigen seperti sel dendritik, walaupun SEC tidak bermigrasi. Meskipun demikian, aktivitas SEC menginduksi toleransi imunologis. Sel T yang teraktivasi oleh SEC akan terdiferensiasi menjadi sel T regulatori yang mensekresi IL-4 dan IL-10. SEC juga diketahui meredam aktivitas sel yang mensekresi IFN-gamma dan menstimulasi perkembangan sel TH2.

Rujukan
-------

1. ↑  (Inggris) "Blue Histology - Vascular System : more about Endothelial Cells". *University of Western Australia, John McGeachie*. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-10-07. Diakses tanggal 2010-10-14.
2. ↑  (Inggris) "Endothelial cells". *H. Ibelgaufts*. Diakses tanggal 2010-10-14.
3. ↑  (Inggris) "Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells". *H. Ibelgaufts*. Diakses tanggal 2010-10-14.

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* l
* b
* s

| * l
* b
* s
Darah |
| --- |
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| Cairan tubuh |
| --- |
| 
 |

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| 

| Plasma |
| --- |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Serum | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Protein | 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 

| Albumin |
| --- |
| 
 |

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| 

| Globulin |
| --- |
| 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Alfa | 
 |
| Beta | 
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| Gamma | Antibodi |

 |

 |

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| Regulator | Hormon |
| Lipida | 
 |

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| Klot | I "II "III "IV "V "VII "VIII "IX "X "XI "XII "XIII "Keping darah "Trombus "Protein C "Protein S |
| Sel | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Darah | 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 

| Merah |
| --- |
| 
  |

 |
| 

| Putih |
| --- |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Limfosit | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sel T | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pembantu | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Sel TH1 | IL-2  **·**  TNF-ß  **·**  IFN-γ |
| Sel TH2 | IL-4  **·**  IL-5  **·**  IL-13 |

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| Sel NK | IL-4 "IFN-γ |
| Sel NKT | 
 |
| Sel T γδ | 
 |
| Memori | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Sel T CM | 
 |
| Sel T SCM | 
 |
| Sel T EM | 
 |
| Sel T EMRA | 
 |

 |
| CD8 | 
 |
| CD4 | 
 |

CRH -GC |
| Sel B | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Sel B-1 | 
 |
| Sel B-2 | 
 |
| Plasmablas | Sel plasma |

 **·**  IgG |

Limfoblas  **·**  LAK "PIT |
| Granulosit | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Basofil | 
 |
| Eosinofil |  **·**  Deoksiribonuklease  **·**  Eosinofil peroksidase  **·**  Histamin  **·**  Lipase  **·**  Plasminogen  **·**  Ribonuklease |
| Neutrofil | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Mielosit | 
 |
| Metamielosit | 
 |
| Neutrofil band | 
 |
| Neutrofil segmen | 
 |

 |

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| Monosit | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Makrofaga | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Normal | Histiosit "Sel Kupffer "Alveolar "Pleural "Peritoneal "Langerhans's cell |
| Radang | 
 |

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| DC | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Mieloid | 
 |
| Plasmasitoid | 
 |
| Sel DC AP | IL-12 |
| FDC | 
 |

 **·**  Langerin |

 |
| Endosit | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Fagosit | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Pro | Makrofaga "Neutrofil "Sel biang: Heparin  **·**  Histamin  **·**  Sitokina |
| Nonpro | Eritrosit "Fibroblas "Limfosit "Sel endotelial "Sel epitelial |

 |
| Pinositosit | DC |

Sel M |

 |

 |

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| Punca | Mesenchimal "Progenitor |
| Endotelial | 
 |
| Epitelial | 
 |
| Hati | Hepatosit "Ito |

Astrocit: Demosterol  **·**  Kolesterol  **·**  Latosterol  **·**  Vesikel |

 |

 |
| Lihat pula: Asam amino "Hormon "Enzim |