Peran sel tiang pada alergi.
**Mastosit**, **sel tiang**, **sel mast** (bahasa Inggris: *mast cell, mastocyte*) adalah sel yang mengandung granula yang kaya akan histamin dan heparin. Mastosit sering berdiam di antara jaringan dan membran mukosa, tempat sel ini berperan dalam sistem kekebalan turunan dengan bertahan melawan patogen, menyembuhkan luka, dan juga berkaitan dengan alergi dan anafilaksis.

Mastosit terdapat pada hampir seluruh jaringan yang menyelimuti pembuluh darah, saraf, kulit, mukosa dari paru dan saluran pencernaan, juga pada mulut, *conjunctiva* dan hidung.

Ketika teraktivasi, mastosit secara cepat melepaskan granula terkarakterisasi, kaya histamin dan heparin, bersama dengan berbagai mediator hormonal, dan kemokina, atau kemotaktik sitokina ke lingkungan. Histamin memperbesar pembuluh darah, menyebabkan munculnya gejala peradangan, dan melibatkan neutrofil dan makrofaga.

Mastosit pertama kali ditemukan dan dijabarkan oleh Paul Ehrlich dalam tesis doktoral pada tahun 1878 dengan sudut pemikiran dari bentuk yang berupa granula dan sifat noda yang dapat ditimbulkan sel ini. Pemikiran ini yang menyebabkan Paul Ehrlich dengan keliru mempercayai bahwa mastosit berfungsi untuk memberikan nutrisi kepada jaringan yang ada di sekitarnya, sehingga mastosit diberikan nama *Mastzelle* dalam bahasa Jerman yang diambil dari bahasa Yunani *masto* yang berarti, aku memberi makan. Saat ini mastosit dianggap sebagai bagian dari sistem kekebalan.

Mastosit sangat mirip dengan granulosit basofil, salah satu golongan sel darah putih dan membuat banyak spekulasi bahwa mastosit dan basofil berasal dari jaringan yang sama, hingga bukti terkini menunjukkan bahwa kedua sel ini berasal dari sel prekursor yang berbeda di dalam sumsum tulang, tetapi masih mengandung molekul CD34 yang sama. Basofil meninggalkan sumsum tulang setelah dewasa sedangkan mastosit teredar dalam bentuk yang belum matang. Jaringan tempat mastosit menetap dan menjadi dewasa mungkin sekali akan menentukan perilaku sel tersebut.

Hingga saat ini hanya dikenali dua jenis mastosit, yang berada pada jaringan penghantar, dan mastosit mukosa yang bereaksi terhadap sel T.

Referensi
---------

1. 1 2  Prussin C, Metcalfe DD (2003). "IgE, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils". *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. **111** (2 Suppl): S486–94. doi:10.1067/mai.2003.120. PMID 12592295.
2. ↑  Ehrlich P. *Beiträge zur Theorie und Praxis der histologischen Färbung.* Dissertation at Leipzig University, 1878.
3. ↑  Denburg, Judah A. (1998). *Allergy and allergic diseases: the new mechanisms and therapeutics*. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. ISBN 0-89603-404-6.

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| Ikon rintisan | Artikel bertopik biologi ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya. |

* l
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Darah |
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| Cairan tubuh |
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| Plasma |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Serum | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Protein | 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
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| Albumin |
| --- |
| 
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| Globulin |
| --- |
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Alfa | 
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| Beta | 
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| Gamma | Antibodi |

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| Regulator | Hormon |
| Lipida | 
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| Klot | I "II "III "IV "V "VII "VIII "IX "X "XI "XII "XIII "Keping darah "Trombus "Protein C "Protein S |
| Sel | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Darah | 

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| --- | --- | --- |
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| Merah |
| --- |
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| Putih |
| --- |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Limfosit | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sel T | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pembantu | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Sel TH1 | IL-2  **·**  TNF-ß  **·**  IFN-γ |
| Sel TH2 | IL-4  **·**  IL-5  **·**  IL-13 |

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| Sel NK | IL-4 "IFN-γ |
| Sel NKT | 
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| Sel T γδ | 
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| Memori | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Sel T CM | 
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| Sel T SCM | 
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| Sel T EM | 
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| Sel T EMRA | 
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| CD8 | 
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| CD4 | 
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CRH -GC |
| Sel B | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Sel B-1 | 
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| Sel B-2 | 
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| Plasmablas | Sel plasma |

 **·**  IgG |

Limfoblas  **·**  LAK "PIT |
| Granulosit | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Basofil | 
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| Eosinofil |  **·**  Deoksiribonuklease  **·**  Eosinofil peroksidase  **·**  Histamin  **·**  Lipase  **·**  Plasminogen  **·**  Ribonuklease |
| Neutrofil | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Mielosit | 
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| Metamielosit | 
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| Neutrofil band | 
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| Neutrofil segmen | 
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| Monosit | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Makrofaga | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Normal | Histiosit "Sel Kupffer "Alveolar "Pleural "Peritoneal "Langerhans's cell |
| Radang | 
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| DC | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Mieloid | 
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| Plasmasitoid | 
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| Sel DC AP | IL-12 |
| FDC | 
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 **·**  Langerin |

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| Endosit | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Fagosit | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Pro | Makrofaga "Neutrofil "Sel biang: Heparin  **·**  Histamin  **·**  Sitokina |
| Nonpro | Eritrosit "Fibroblas "Limfosit "Sel endotelial "Sel epitelial |

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| Pinositosit | DC |

Sel M |

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| Punca | Mesenchimal "Progenitor |
| Endotelial | 
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| Epitelial | 
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| Hati | Hepatosit "Ito |

Astrocit: Demosterol  **·**  Kolesterol  **·**  Latosterol  **·**  Vesikel |

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| Lihat pula: Asam amino "Hormon "Enzim |

| Pengawasan otoritas Sunting ini di Wikidata |
| --- |
| Perpustakaan nasional | 
* Amerika Serikat

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| Lain-lain | 
* Microsoft Academic
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