**Cestoda** (atau **Cestoidea**) adalah kelas cacing dalam filum Platyhelminthes (cacing pipih). Sebagian besar Cestoda ditempatkan dalam subkelas Eucestoda yang biasa disebut **cacing pita**. Tubuh mereka disusun dari rangkaian unit serupa yang disebut proglotid, sebuah kemasan berisi telur yang secara berkala dilepaskan ke lingkungan untuk menginfeksi organisme lain. Subkelas lainnya, yaitu Cestodaria, sebagian besar merupakan parasit pada ikan.

Semua anggota Cestoda bertindak sebagai parasit dan daur hidup mereka bervariasi, tetapi biasanya cacing dewasa tinggal di saluran pencernaan vertebrata (sebagai inang definitif), dan cacing muda terkadang hidup dalam tubuh spesies hewan lain, baik vertebrata maupun invertebrata (sebagai inang perantara). Sebagai contoh, genus *Diphyllobothrium* memiliki dua inang perantara, yaitu satu krustasea dan paling tidak satu ikan air tawar, sementara inang definitifnya adalah mamalia. Beberapa jenis Cestoda bersifat spesifik terhadap inangnya, sementara Cestoda lainnya menjadi parasit pada beragam spesies. Sekitar 6.000 spesies Cestoda telah dideskripsikan, dan mungkin semua vertebrata bertindak sebagai inang bagi setidaknya satu spesies Cestoda.

Cacing pita dewasa memiliki skoleks (kepala), leher pendek, dan strobila (tubuh bersegmen) yang disusun dari proglotid-proglotid. Cacing pita melekatkan dirinya pada bagian dalam usus inang menggunakan skoleks, yang umumnya memiliki kait, alat pengisap, atau keduanya. Cestoda tidak mempunyai mulut dan mereka mengisap nutrien secara langsung dari saluran pencernaan inangnya. Leher cacing secara terus-menerus menghasilkan proglotid. Dalam setiap proglotid terdapat saluran reproduksi. Proglotid matang dipenuhi telur dan akan terpisah dari tubuh cacing dan meninggalkan tubuh inang, baik secara pasif di tinja inang atau bergerak secara aktif. Semua cacing pita bersifat hermafrodit karena tiap individu memiliki organ reproduksi jantan dan betina sekaligus.

Manusia dapat terinfeksi beberapa spesies cacing pita jika memakan daging yang kurang matang, seperti daging babi (yang mengandung *Taenia solium*), daging sapi (*T. saginata*), an ikan (*Diphyllobothrium*), atau jika mereka tinggal atau makan makanan yang disiapkan dengan higiene yang tidak memadai (*Hymenolepis* atau *Echinococcus*).

Pohon filogeni
--------------

### Eksternal


|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Platytrochozoa | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rouphozoa | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Gastrotricha  |
|   |
| Platyhelminthes | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | "Turbellaria"  |
|   |
| Neodermata | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Monogenea |  |
| *parasit ikan* |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **Cestoda** |  |
| *cacing pita dan kerabatnya* |
| Trematoda |  |
| *cacing isap* |

 |
|   |

 |
| *parasitic* |

 |
| 270 jtl |

 |
|   |
| Lophotrochozoa | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Mollusca  |
|   |
|   | Annelida  |
|   |

 |
| 550 jtl |

 |
| 580 jtl |

### Internal


|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Cestoda** | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Gyrocotylidea |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Amphilinidea |
|   |
| Eucestoda | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Spathebothriidea |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Caryophyllidea |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Haplobothriidea |
|   |
|   | Diphyllobothriidea |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Diphyllidea |
|   |
|   | Trypanorhyncha |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Bothriocephalidea |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Litobothriidea |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Lecanicephalidea |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Rhinebothriidea |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | "Tetraphyllidea" |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | "Tetraphyllidea" |
|   |
|   | Proteocephalidea |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Nippotaeniidea |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Mesocestoididae |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Tetrabothriidea |
|   |
|   | Cyclophyllidea |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

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|   |

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|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
| *cacing pita* |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

Referensi
---------

1. ↑  Smyth, J. D. McManus, D. P. The Physiology and Biochemistry of Cestodes. Cambridge University Press 2007 ISBN 978-0-521-03895-9
2. ↑  Craig P. Cestode Zoonoses. Nato: Life and Behavioural Sciences. Pub: Ios Pr Inc. ISBN 978-1-58603-220-3

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Pengidentifikasi takson | 
* Wikidata: Q159715
* Wikispecies: Cestoda
* ADW: Cestoda
* AFD: Cestoda
* BOLD: 40
* EoL: 2885
* EPPO: 1CESTC
* Fauna Europaea: 16176
* Fauna Europaea (new): 09d0eedf-5d62-4707-9716-ffc6dc18c0ee
* GBIF: 144
* iNaturalist: 152102
* IRMNG: 1372
* ITIS: 57307
* NCBI: 6199
* WoRMS: 1051

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