פירוש נוסף ערך זה עוסק בשחמט. אם התכוונתם למשמעות אחרת, ראו פט (פירושונים).

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בערך זה נעשה שימושברישום מסעי שחמט.להסבר על רישומיםאלה, ראו **כאן**. |

**פט** (או **כפת**) הוא עמדה בשחמט שבה השחקן שתורו לשחק אינו יכול לבצע אף מסע חוקי אך אינו נמצא תחת איום שח. במקרה כזה נקבעת תוצאת תיקו. הפט הוא אחת מהדרכים של שחקן הנמצא בחסרון למלט את עצמו מהפסד, ובכך הוא משמש איום על השחקן העומד לנצח. לפט חשיבות רבה בסיומים.

במהלך המאה ה-19 נקבע כי תוצאתו של משחק המסתיים בפט היא תיקו. לפני כן היו מקובלות מוסכמות שונות בארצות שונות, לעיתים ניצחון לצד שהצליח להגיע לפט, לעיתים הפסד, ולעיתים תיקו. בארצות אחרות נקבע כי השחקן שנמצא בפט מפסיד את תורו, ובמקומות אחרים אסרו על השחקן לשחק מסע שמוביל לפט.

המונח שאול מן הצרפתית pat, ובמקורו מן הלטינית pactum. באנגלית המונח המקביל הוא Stalemate שמשמעותו מבוי סתום.

דוגמאות לעמדת פט
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השחור במסע ואיננו יכול לנוע, בעמדה הימנית המלך השחור לא יכול לנוע לאף ערוגה שכן חלקן מאוימות על ידי המלכה וחלקן מאוימות על ידי הרץ הלבן.

העמדה שמופיעה בדיאגרמה השמאלית התרחשה מספר רב של פעמים במשחקים תחרותיים, וידועים שני מקרים ממשחקי אמנים איימוס ברן-הרי נלסון פילסבורי משנת 1898 וסבלי גריגורייביץ' טרטקובר-ריכרד רטי משנת 1925.

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| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  | מלכה לבנה | רץ לבן |  |  |  |
| 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 |  |  |  |  | מלך לבן |  |  |  |
| 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
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| 8 | מלך שחור |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 |  | מלך לבן | פרש לבן |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2 |  |  |  |  |  | רגלי לבן |  |  |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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| 6 |  |  |  |  |  | מלך לבן |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  | מלך לבן |  | מלכה לבנה |
| 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | מלך שחור |  |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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| 7 | רגלי לבן |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 |  | מלך לבן |  | רץ לבן |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  | מלך לבן |  |
| 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 |  | מלכה לבנה |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | רגלי לבן |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 | מלך שחור |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | רגלי שחור |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  | מלך לבן |  | מלך שחור |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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דוגמאות ממשחקים תחרותיים
------------------------

בעמדה הראשונה, במשחק בין וישוואנתן אנאנד-לולדימיר קראמניק שהתקיים במסגרת אליפות העולם בשנת 2007 על השחור להכות את הרגלי ב-ו5 ולגרום לפט, שכן כל מסע אחר יפסיד במשחק.

בעמדה השנייה, במשחק בין ויקטור קורצ'נוי-לאנטולי קרפוב גרם קורצ'נוי במתכוון לפט במסע ה-124 של המשחק החמישי על אליפות העולם בשנת 1978. המשחק היה בעמדת תיקו תאורטי מזה מסעים רבים, שכן גם אם הלבן יזכה ברגלי השחור אין הוא יכול לנצח. אך שני השחקנים לא דיברו זה עם זה ולכן לא הגיעו לתיקו בדרך של הסכמה. קורצ'נוי גם אמר שנהנה להשפיל את קרפוב ולהביא אותו לעמדת פט; זהו המשחק היחיד באליפות עולם שהגיע לעמדת פט.

בעמדה השלישית, במשחק משנת 1946 בין אוסיפ ברנשטיין -לווסילי סמיסלוב נפל אלוף העולם לעתיד במלכודת של יריבו. בעמדה זו השחור יכול לזכות על ידי הקרבת רגלי ו' ולהפעיל את המלך להגן על רגלי ב'. סמיסלוב לא השקיע מחשבה רבה ושיחק 1...ב2?? והופתע מתגובת הלבן 2. צ:ב2! (לאחר מסע זה, 2...צח2+ 3. מו3! צ:ב2 ופט. המשכים אחרים יאפשרו ללבן להתגונן מפני הכתרת הרגלי).

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  | רגלי שחור |  |
| 6 |  |  |  |  |  | רגלי שחור |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  | רגלי לבן |  | מלך לבן |
| 4 |  |  |  |  | מלך שחור |  |  | רגלי לבן |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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וישוואנתן אנאנד-ולדימיר קראמניק | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  | מלך לבן | רץ לבן | מלך שחור |
| 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | רגלי שחור |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | רגלי לבן |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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ויקטור קורצ'נוי-אנטולי קרפוב | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  | צריח לבן |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  | מלך שחור |  |  |
| 4 |  |  |  |  |  | רגלי שחור |  |  |
| 3 |  | רגלי שחור |  |  |  |  |  | צריח שחור |
| 2 |  |  |  |  | מלך לבן |  |  |  |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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אוסיפ ברנשטיין -וסילי סמיסלוב |

בעמדה הראשונה רואים את העמדה שהייתה מתפתחת לו השחור היה משחק 2...צח2+ 3. מו3 צ:ב2 פט. במשחק עצמו שיחק סמיסלוב 2...מז4 ולאחר 3. מו1 המשחק הסתיים בתיקו.

במשחק בין אוסיפ ברנשטיין לווסילי סמיסלוב הפט הושג עקב משגה של השחור. במשחק בין מילאן מטולוביץ' וניקולאי מינב הפט אירע לאחר תכנון: המשחק נמשך מהעמדה האמצעית באופן הבא:

1. צג6 מז5 2. מח3 מח5 3. ו4 בתקווה שהשחור ישחק 3...צא3+? והלבן יזכה אך השחור שיחק 3...צ:א6! אם הלבן משחק 4. צ:א6 מגיעים לעמדת הדיאגרמה השמאלית, פט. הלבן שיחק 4. צג5+ ולאחר מספר מסעים הוסכם על תיקו.

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  | מלך שחור |  |  |
| 4 |  |  |  |  |  | רגלי שחור |  |  |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  | מלך לבן |  |  |
| 2 |  | צריח שחור |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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אוסיפ ברנשטיין -וסילי סמיסלוב | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | רגלי לבן | צריח לבן |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  | מלך שחור |  |  |
| 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  | רגלי לבן | מלך לבן |  |
| 2 | צריח שחור |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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מילאן מטולוביץ'-ניקולאי מינב | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | צריח לבן |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | מלך שחור |
| 4 |  |  |  |  |  | רגלי לבן |  |  |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | מלך לבן |
| 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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מילאן מטולוביץ'-ניקולאי מינב |

בעמדה הימנית אנו רואים את העמדה מהמשחק בין אליהו ויליאמס לדניאל הארוויץ משנת 1846, לאחר המסע ה-72 של הלבן מא1.

בעמדה זו לשחור יתרון של פרש ורגלי בסיום, יתרון שאמור להיות מכריע, אך שחור לא הצליח למצוא דרך לניצחון משום איומי הפט שהלבן העמיד בפניו.

המשחק נמשך:

72...צא8   

73. צג1+ מה3 (אין אפשרות לשחק פג2+)  

74. צג4 צא4  

75. צג1 מד2   

76. צג4 מד3 (על 76...פג2+ 77. צ:ג2+! מ:ג2 ופט).  

77. צג3+! מד4 (77...מ:ג3 פט)   

78. צג1 צא3   

79. צד1+ מג5 (אם 79...צד3 80. צ:ד3+! ולשחור אין מספיק כלים כדי לזכות לאחר 80...פ:ד3 81. מ:א2)   

80. צג1+ מב5   

81. צג7 פד5   

82. צג2 פג3   

83. צב2+ מג4   

84. צב3! ראה דיאגרמה אמצעית.

בעמדה זו השחקנים הסכימו לתיקו משום שלאחר 84...מ:ב3 או 84...צ:ב3 פט ואם 84...צא8 85. צ:ג3+! מ:ג3 פט.

בעזרת כלי ניתוח מודרניים ניתן להיווכח כי העמדה ההתחלתית ניתנת לזכייה בתוך 15 מסעים, וגם לאחר המסעים ששוחקו ניתן עדיין לזכות עד לשגיאה 82...פג3. המסע הזוכה הוא 82...פב4 לדוגמה:

83. צג8 צה3 84. צב8+ מג5 85. צג8+ מד5 86. צד8+ מג6 87. צא8 צה1+ 88. מב2 מג5 89. מג3 א1=מה וזוכה.

העמדה השמאלית לקוחה מתוך המשחק בין לארי אוונס לשמואל רשבסקי משנת 1963 (העמדה היא לפני המסע ה-47 של הלבן). הדיאגרמה ממחישה כי ניתן להשיג פט גם כאשר יש יותר כלים על הלוח, אם כי במציאות התחרותית אלו מקרים נדירים שמתרחשים בעיקר כאשר הצד עם היתרון החומרי לא שם לב לאפשרות של פט, בדרך כלל הנלווית להקרבת כלים לא צפויה על מנת לכפות את הפט. כלי שמוקרב במטרה להשיג פט נקרא לעיתים "מתאבד".

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  | צריח שחור |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 4 |  | פרש שחור |  |  |  | מלך שחור |  |  |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | רגלי שחור |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 | מלך לבן |  |  |  |  |  | צריח לבן |  |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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אליהו ויליאמס-דניאל הארוויץ | 

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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 4 |  |  | מלך שחור |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | צריח שחור | צריח לבן | פרש שחור |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | רגלי שחור |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 | מלך לבן |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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אליהו ויליאמס-דניאל הארוויץ | 

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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  |  | מלכה לבנה |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  | צריח לבן | רגלי שחור | מלך שחור |
| 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  | רגלי שחור |  |  | רגלי שחור |  | מלכה שחורה | רגלי שחור |
| 4 |  | רגלי לבן |  |  | רגלי לבן | פרש שחור |  |  |
| 3 |  |  |  |  | צריח שחור | רגלי לבן | רגלי לבן | רגלי לבן |
| 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | מלך לבן |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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לארי אבנס-שמואל רשבסקי |

אחת הדוגמאות המפורסמות של כלי מתאבד היא המשחק בין לארי אבנס לשמואל רשבסקי שכונה "הונאת המאה"
אבנס הקריב את מלכתו במסע ה-49 והמשיך בהקרבת הצריח במסע ה-50. הכאת הצריח גוררת פט, ואי הכאתו פשוט גוררת איום שח נוסף על השורה השביעית. לכן נקרא הצריח במשחק זה "הצריח הנצחי".

המשחק נמשך: 47. ח4! צה2+ 48. מח1 מה:ז3?? (לאחר 48...מהז6! 49. צו8 מהה6! 50. צח8+ מז6 לשחור יתרון של כלי אחרי 51. מה:ה6 פ:ה6 או שהשחור כופה מט לאחר 51. ז:ו4 צה1+ 52. מז2 מהא2+) 49. מהז8+! מ:ז8 50. צ:ז7+ (עמדת הדיאגרמה הימנית)

בעמדה האמצעית משחק בין בוריס גלפנד לולדימיר קראמניק מתחרות המועמדים של פיד"ה לשנת 1994, העמדה היא לאחר המסע ה-67 של הלבן. לקרמניק שני רגלים פחות והוא נמצא בעמדת מגננה. המסע 67. צה7 נראה מסע חזק המאיים 68. מה:ו6 וזוכה ברגלי שלישי אלא שלשחור משאב בלתי צפוי בדמות 67...מהג1!. אם הלבן מכה את הצריח 68. מה:ד8 מהח1+ 69. מז3 מהח2+! ופט לאחר מ:ח2 (דיאגרמה שמאלית). אם הלבן נמנע מפט על ידי 68. צ:ז7+ מ:ז7 69. מה:ד8 השחור כופה תיקו על ידי שח נצחי 69...מהח1+ 70. מז3 מהז1+ 71. מו4 מהג1+! 72. מה4 מהג6+! גלפנד ענה 68. מהד5 והמשחק הסתיים בתיקו.

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  | מלך שחור |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  | צריח לבן |  |
| 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  | רגלי שחור |  |  | רגלי שחור |  |  | רגלי שחור |
| 4 |  | רגלי לבן |  |  | רגלי לבן | פרש שחור |  | רגלי לבן |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  | רגלי לבן | מלכה שחורה |  |
| 2 |  |  |  |  | צריח שחור |  |  |  |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | מלך לבן |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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לארי אבנס-שמואל רשבסקי | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  |  | מלכה שחורה | צריח שחור |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  | צריח לבן |  | רגלי שחור | מלך שחור |
| 6 | רגלי שחור | מלכה לבנה |  |  |  | רגלי שחור |  | רגלי שחור |
| 5 | רגלי לבן |  |  |  |  | רגלי לבן |  | רגלי לבן |
| 4 |  |  |  | רגלי לבן |  |  | רגלי לבן |  |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  | רגלי לבן |  | מלך לבן |
| 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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בוריס גלפנד-ולדימיר קראמניק | 

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| 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  |  |  | מלכה לבנה |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  | צריח לבן |  | רגלי שחור | מלך שחור |
| 6 | רגלי שחור |  |  |  |  | רגלי שחור |  | רגלי שחור |
| 5 | רגלי לבן |  |  |  |  | רגלי לבן |  | רגלי לבן |
| 4 |  |  |  | רגלי לבן |  |  | רגלי לבן |  |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  | רגלי לבן |  |  |
| 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | מלך לבן |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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בוריס גלפנד-ולדימיר קראמניק |

במשחק משנת 1896 בין מחבר הסיומים הידוע אלכסיי טרוצקי לבין ווגט דמיונו העשיר של מחבר הסיומים מצא את ההונאה הבא: 1. צד1! והשחור נופל למלכודת שהוכנה לו 1...רח3? ומאיים מהז2 מט. המשחק נמשך 2. צ:ד8+ מ:ד8 3. מהד1+ מה:ד1 ופט. ללבן שלושה כלים, רץ, פרש ורגלי ו' שכולם מרותקים ואינם יכולים לנוע.

בעמדה השמאלית ישנה עמדת פט נדירה בה קיימים רק כלים קלים. פאכמן ניסה לכפות ניצחון מהיר על ידי 1...ח2+? 2. מח1 רו3+ אך הופתע מתשובת הלבן 3. צז2+ וכופה פט.

הדרך הנכונה לזכייה כרוכה בתמרון עם הרץ מ-ה2 והעברת המלך השחור לאגף המלכה.

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  |  | מלך שחור | צריח שחור |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  | רגלי שחור | רגלי שחור | רץ שחור |  | רגלי שחור | רגלי שחור |  |
| 6 |  | רץ שחור |  |  |  |  | צריח שחור |  |
| 5 | רגלי שחור | רגלי לבן |  |  | רגלי שחור |  |  |  |
| 4 | רגלי לבן |  |  |  | רגלי לבן |  |  |  |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  | מלכה שחורה | פרש לבן |  |
| 2 |  |  | מלכה לבנה |  |  | רגלי לבן |  | רגלי לבן |
| 1 |  |  | צריח לבן |  | רץ לבן |  | מלך לבן | צריח לבן |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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אלכסיי טרוצקי-ווגט לפני 1. צד1 | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  |  |  | מלך שחור |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  | רגלי שחור | רגלי שחור |  |  | רגלי שחור | רגלי שחור |  |
| 6 |  | רץ שחור |  |  |  |  | צריח שחור |  |
| 5 | רגלי שחור | רגלי לבן |  |  | רגלי שחור |  |  |  |
| 4 | רגלי לבן |  |  |  | רגלי לבן |  |  |  |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  | פרש לבן | רץ שחור |
| 2 |  |  |  |  |  | רגלי לבן |  | רגלי לבן |
| 1 |  |  |  | מלכה שחורה | רץ לבן |  | מלך לבן | צריח לבן |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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אלכסיי טרוצקי-ווגט לאחר 3...מה:ד1 | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 4 |  |  |  |  |  | רץ שחור | מלך שחור |  |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | רגלי שחור |
| 2 |  | צריח לבן |  |  | רץ שחור |  |  |  |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | מלך לבן |  |
|  | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח |

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ויקטור צ'וקלטיה-לודק פאכמן |

הערות שוליים
------------

1. ↑  Amos Burn vs Harry Nelson Pillsbury (1898), www.chessgames.com
2. ↑  Savielly Tartakower vs Richard Reti (1925), www.chessgames.com
3. ↑  Viswanathan Anand vs Vladimir Kramnik (2007), www.chessgames.com
4. ↑  Viktor Korchnoi vs Anatoly Karpov (1978) Halvin' Can Wait, www.chessgames.com
5. ↑  Elijah Williams vs Daniel Harrwitz (1846), www.chessgames.com
6. ↑  
*Chess Catechism*, Simon and Schuster, 1970, p. 66. SBN 671-21531-0.
  

*American Chess Quarterly*, Vol. 3, No. 3 (Winter, 1964), p. 171.
7. ↑  Boris Gelfand vs Vladimir Kramnik (1994), www.chessgames.com

| שחמט |
| --- |
| שלבי המשחק | פתיחה • מציעה • סיום |  |
| כלי המשחק | מלך • מלכה • צריח • רץ • פרש • רגלי |
| חוקי המשחק | שח • הצרחה • הכתרה • הכאה דרך הילוכו • מט • פט • תיקו |
| אסכולות שחמט | האסכולה הרומנטית בשחמט • האסכולה המודרנית • האסכולה ההיפרמודרנית |
| תת-תחומים משיקים | שחמט בהתכתבות • חידת שחמט • בעיית שחמט • וריאציות של משחק השחמט • תוכנת שחמט • בליץ |
| שונות | פיד"ה • האיגוד הישראלי לשחמט • שחמט בישראל • שעון שחמט |
| ראו גם פורטל שחמט • קטגוריית שחמט |

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| בקרת זהויות עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים | 
* NLI: 987007546954405171
* LCCN: sh97007579

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