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בערך זה נעשה שימושברישום מסעי שחמט.להסבר על רישומיםאלה, ראו **כאן**. |

**המשחק** התקיים במסגרת מוקדמות תחרות סנקט פטרבורג ב-1914. משתתפיו היו אהרון נימצוביץ' (לבן) וחוסה ראול קפבלנקה (שחור).

השחקנים
-------

חוסה ראול קפבלנקה, יליד קובה, היה כוכב עולה בעולם השחמט הבינלאומי. הוא השיג שתי תוצאות מושלמות בתחרויות בשנה שקדמה לתחרות זו (13 מתוך 13 ו-9 מתוך 9). אהרון נימצוביץ היה יהודי, יליד ליטא שהייתה בזמנו תחת שלטון האימפריה הרוסית. נימצוביץ היה בשיא כושרו.

המשחק
-----



כדי לראות את המשחקים, יש לאפשר בדפדפן שלכם ג'אווהסקריפט.

[Event "St Petersburg preliminary"]
[Site "St Petersburg"]
[Date "1914.04.21"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Nimzowitsch, Aaron"]
[Black "Capablanca, Jose Raul"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C62"]
[PlyCount "83"]
[EventDate "1914.04.21"]
[EventType "tourn"]
[EventRounds "11"]
[EventCountry "RUS"]
[Source "ChessBase"]
[SourceDate "1998.03.26"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 d6 5. d4 Bd7 6. Bxc6 Bxc6 7. Qd3 exd4 8.
Nxd4 g6 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. Qa6 Qd7 11. Qb7 Rc8 12. Qxa7 Bg7 13. O-O O-O 14. Qa6
Rfe8 15. Qd3 Qe6 16. f3 Nd7 17. Bd2 Ne5 18. Qe2 Nc4 19. Rab1 Ra8 20. a4 Nxd2
21. Qxd2 Qc4 22. Rfd1 Reb8 23. Qe3 Rb4 24. Qg5 Bd4+ 25. Kh1 Rab8 26. Rxd4 Qxd4
27. Rd1 Qc4 28. h4 Rxb2 29. Qd2 Qc5 30. Re1 Qh5 31. Ra1 Qxh4+ 32. Kg1 Qh5 33.
a5 Ra8 34. a6 Qc5+ 35. Kh1 Qc4 36. a7 Qc5 37. e5 Qxe5 38. Ra4 Qh5+ 39. Kg1 Qc5+
40. Kh2 d5 41. Rh4 Rxa7 42. Nd1 0-1

**1. ה4 ה5 2. פו3 פג6 3. פג3 פו6 4. רב5 ד6**

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פתיחה זו, הנקראת הגנת שטייניץ לא מוערכת כיום כי השחור נשאר תחת לחץ תמידי ללא סיכויים ממשיים למשחק נגדי פעיל. למרות זאת הייתה פתיחה זו חביבה על קפבלנקה הצעיר, ואפשרה לו להימנע מהפתעות לא נעימות בשלב הפתיחה. הוא בטח ביכולתו לנטרל את יוזמת הלבן בשלב המציעה.

**5. ד4 רד7 6. ר:ג6 ר:ג6 7. מהד3**. על ידי החלפת הרצים אילץ הלבן את השחור לוותר על המרכז.

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**7... ה:ד4 8. פ:ד4 ז6**
מזמין את הלבן לזכות ברגלי. השחור מקבל תמורה מלאה עבור הרגלי, אך עדיין זו הייתה החלטה מסוכנת מאוד אם הלבן היה ממשיך בפשטות 9. רז5 רז7 10. 0-0-0 ועמדת השחור לא נוחה למשל 10..ח6 (10..0-0 מפסיד מיד 11. פ:ג6 ב:ג6 12. ה5! ד:ה5 13. מה:ד8 צא:ד8 14. צ:ד8 צ:ד8 15. פה4!

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עמדה מתוך ניתוח ההסתעפות, אך הלבן לא עמד בפיתוי...

**9. פ:ג6 ב:ג6 10. מהא6 מהד7** (אסור 10...ג5 11. מהג6+ פד7 12. רז5 וזוכה. למשל 12...רה7 13. ר:ה7 מ:ה7 14. פד5+ מו8 15. פ:ג7 צג8 16. מה:ד6+ מז7 17. פד5.)

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עמדה מתוך ניתוח ההסתעפות

**11. מהב7 צג8 12. מה:א7 רז7 13. 0-0 0-0**

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ללבן יש עמדה יציבה, יתרון של רגלי ולא נשקפים לו איומים. אי אפשר להלין על נימצוביץ' שלא זיהה את הרעיון העמוק מאוד של קפבלנקה, במיוחד בהתחשב בעיתוי המשחק – תחילת המאה העשרים. כיום שחקן חזק יודע שהלחץ המשולב בטורים א' וב', חולשת רגלי ה4 והרץ החזק ב-ז7 מבטיחים לשחור תמורה מלאה.

**14. מהא6 צוה8 15. מהד3 מהה6! 16. ו3 פד7**

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כעת מתבררת תוכניתו של השחור. העברת הפרש ל-ג4 והפיכת אגף המלכה של הלבן לחסר הגנה.

**17. רד2?** נימצוביץ' לא חש בסכנה ההולכת וגדלה. זה העיתוי המתאים להחלפת כלים כדי להפחית את הלחץ. למשל : 17. רו4 פה5 18. ר:ה5 ר:ה5 19. צאב1

**17… פה5 18. מהה2 פג4 19. צאב1 צא8 20. א4**

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גם 20. ב3 לא היה טוב יותר 20..פ:ד2 21. מה:ד2 צא3! ולאחר 22..מהה5 השחור יקבל את הרגלי בחזרה וישמור על הרץ החזק שלו. המסע הנכון בעמדה זו הוא: 20. רה1, ששומר על הרץ הלבן, הגם שלאחר 20…ד5 21. ב3 פד6 22. א4 ו5 לשחור משחק נוח ועמדה פעילה.

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עמדה מתוך ניתוח ההסתעפות

**20.. פ:ד2 21. מה:ד2 מהג4! 22. צוד1**

אם 22. פה2 צ:א4 23. ב3 מהג5+ 24. מח1 צא2 25. צבג1 מוביל לעמדה בה הלבן נדרש להתגוננות.

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עמדה מתוך ניתוח ההסתעפות

**22… צהב8!** השחור מתעלם מהאפשרות לזכות מחדש ברגלי על ידי "הקרבת הרץ" שהוא כלי המפתח בעמדה זו. כעת האיום הוא צ:ב2

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לאחר 22… צהב8!

**23. מהה3?** המשחק הנמרץ של קפבלנקה שיתק לחלוטין את יריבו. רק 23. מהד3 מהג5+ 24. מח1 צב4 25. פה2 היה מותיר סיכויי עמידה.

**23… צב4 24. מהז5** (כעת מהד3 מאוחר מדי משום 24…מהג5+ מח1 צאב8) **24… רד4+ 25. מח1 צאב8**

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בעמדה זו ברור ניצחונו האסטרטגי של השחור. אגף המלכה של הלבן התמוטט ולא ניתן למנוע הפסדים.

**26. צ:ד4 מה:ד4** הצריח היה המחיר שעל הלבן לשלם תמורת הרץ המאיים. יתרת המסעים של המשחק לא מצריכים את יכולתו הגבוהה של קפבלנקה.

**27. צד1 מהג4 28. ח4 צ:ב2 29. מהד2 מהג5 30. צה1 מהח5 31. צא1** (אם 31. מהו2 צ:ג2!)

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**31…מה:ח4+ 32. מז1 מהח5 33. א5 צא8 34. א6 מהג5+ 35. מח1 מהג4 36 א7 מהג5 37. ה5 מה:ה5 38. צא4 מהח5+ 39. מז1 מהג5+ 40. מח2 ד5!** קפבלנקה משחק מדויק גם בשלהי המשחק. למשל 40..צ:א7 מוביל לסיבוכים לא רצויים לאחר 41. פה4 צ:ג2 או מהה5+

**41. צח4 צ:א7 42. פד1** ולבן נכנע.

עמדת הסיום:

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המשחק המחיש בצורה טובה את יכולתו של קפבלנקה לחשוב בצורה מקורית ולהקדים בהרבה את זמנו.

לקריאה נוספת
------------

* ניתוח המשחק מתבסס על הערות גארי קספרוב בספרו My great predecessors כרך ראשון, עמודים 246–249.