| Teleóstomos*Teleostomi*Rango fósil: ordovícico superior - actualidade |
| --- |
| *Thunnus thynnus* |
| Clasificación científica |
| 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Superreino: | Eukaryota |
| Reino: | Animalia |
| Filo: | Chordata |
| Subfilo: | Vertebrata |
| Infrafilo: | Gnathostomata |
| (sen clasif.): | **Teleostomi**C. L. Bonaparte, 1836 |

 |
| Clases e clados |
| Acanthodii † 
Euteleostomi
Osteichthyes* **Actinopterygii**
* **Sarcopterygii**

Tetrapoda |

Os dos **teleóstomos** (*Teleostomi*) é un clado superior de vertebrados gnatóstomos que inclúe os osteíctios (*Osteichthyes*), os tetrápodos e os extintos peixes acoirazados ou acantodios (*Acanthodii*), é dicir, todos os vertebrados con mandíbulas excepto os peixes cartilaxinosos e os placodermos.

O nome é similar ao dos teleósteos (*Teleostei*), ou peixes óseos, cos que no deben confundirse.

Posúen un único par de aberturas branquiais cubertas por un opérculo, características que se perden nos grupos máis derivados (tetrápodos).

Taxonomía
---------

```
Subfilo **Vertebrata**
├─(sen clasif.) Gnathostomatomorpha
└─Infrafilo Gnathostomata
     ├─Clase Placodermi - *extinto* (peixes acoirazados)
     └Microfilo **Eugnathostomata** (verdadeiros gnatostomados)
        ├─Clase Chondrichthyes (condrictios ou peixes cartilaxinosos)
        └─(sen clasif.) **Teleostomi** (acantódidos e osteíctios)
            ├─Clase Acanthodii - *extinto* ("tiburóns espiñentos")
            ├Superclase Osteichthyes (peixes óseos)
            ├   ├─Clase Actinopterygii (peixes óseos con aletas con raios)
            ├   └─Clase Sarcopterygii (peixes óseos con aletas lobuladas)
            └Superclase Tetrapoda (tetrápodos)
                ├─Clase Amphibia (anfibios)
                └(sen clasif.) Amniota (amniotas = con embrión con amnio)
                    ├─Clase Sauropsida (réptiles)
                    ├─Clase Aves 
                    └─Clase Synapsida (réptiles mamiferoides)
                        └─Clase Mammalia (mamíferos)
```

Filoxenia
---------

Segundo Hickman, as relacións filoxenéticas entre os grupos actuais son:


|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Vertebrata | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Myxini |
|   |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_ | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Cephalaspidomorphi |
|   |
| Gnathostomata | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Chondrichthyes |
|   |
| Teleostomi | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Actinopterygii |
|   |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Sarcopterygii |
|   |
| Tetrapoda | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Amphibia |
|   |
| Amniota | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Synapsida | Mammalia |
|   |
| Sauropsida | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Anapsida | Testudines (tartarugas) |
|   |
|   | 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Diapsida | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Lepidosauria (lagartos, serpes) |
|   |
| Archosauria | 

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Crocodilia (crocodilos) |
|   |
|   | Aves |
|   |

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|   |

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|   |

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|   |

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|   |

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|   |

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|   |

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|   |

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|   |

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|   |

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|   |

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|   |

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|   |

Existen clasificacións que consideran que o clado *Myxini* non presenta auténticas vértebras, con que debería clasificarse fóra do clado *Vertebrata* e incluírse, xunto con el en *Craniata*.

Notas
-----

1. ↑  Hickman, C. P. Ober, W. C. & Garrison, C. W. 2006. *Principios integrales de zoología*, 13ª edición. McGraw-Hill-Interamericana, Madrid. ISBN 84-481-4528-3.
2. ↑  Hickman, C. P. Roberts, J. Keen,L. S. S. L. Larson, A. & Eisenhour, D. J. 2007. *Animal Diversity*, Fourth Edition. McGraw Hill, New York.

Véxase tamén
------------

### Bibliografía

* Joseph S. Nelson, *Fishes of the World*, John Wiley & Sons, 2006. ISBN 0-471-25031-7

### Outros artigos

* Ágnatos
* Peixes
* Teleósteos
* Tetrápodos

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| --- | --- |
| Control de autoridades | 
* Wd: Q134681
* BNCF: 22050
* MAG: 2776506842

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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Identificadores taxonómicos | 
* Fossilworks: 218957

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