| Estrepsicerotinos ou Traguelafinos*Strepsicerotini vel Tragelaphini*Rango fósil: mioceno medio – actualidade |
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| *Taurotragus oryx* |
| Clasificación científica |
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| Reino: | Animalia |
| Filo: | Chordata |
| Subfilo: | Vertebrata |
| Clase: | Mammalia |
| Orde: | Artiodactyla |
| Suborde: | Ruminantia |
| Infraorde: | Pecora |
| Familia: | Bovidae |
| Subfamilia: | Bovinae |
| Tribo: | **Strepsicerotini** Simpson, 1945 ou **Tragelaphini**Ellerman *et al.*, 1953 segundo os autores. |

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| Xéneros |
| * *Taurotragus*
* *Tragelaphus*
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A dos **estrepsicerotinos** (*Strepsicerotini*), ou **traguelafinos** (*Tragelaphini*), é unha tribo de mamíferos artiodáctilos ruminantes da familia dos bóvidos e subfamilia dos bovinos, que comprende especies que se encontran só no continente africano (a diferenza das dos boselafinos e dos bovininos, que son na súa maioría asiáticos).

Os membros deste grupo son antílopes de tamaño grande e constitución lixeira, co pescozo longo, e amosan un considerábel dimorfismo sexual (os machos exhiben grandes cornos enrolados en espiral e as femias carecen deles).

Sete das nove especies (reunidas en dous xéneros) que abrangue a tribo están lixeiramente ameazadas (as do xénero *Tragelaphus*), dependendo de medidas de conservación para a súa supervivencia, mentres que as outras dúas (as do xénero *Taurotragus*), o elán común e o grande elán ou antílope de Derby, son seguras.

Taxonomía
---------

* Familia ***Bovidae*** Gray, 1821
	+ Subfamilia ***Bovinae*** Gray, 1821
		- Tribo *Strepsicerotini* Simpson, 1945, ou *Tragelaphini* Ellerman *et al*. 1953.
			* Xénero *Taurotragus* Wagner, 1855
				+ *Taurotragus derbianus* Gray, 1847 - elán de Derby
				+ *Taurotragus oryx* Pallas, 1766 - elán común
			* Xénero *Tragelaphus* de Blainville, 1816
				+ *Tragelaphus angasii* Gray, 1849 - niala
				+ *Tragelaphus buxtoni* (Lydekker, 1910) - niala de montaña
				+ *Tragelaphus eurycerus* (Ogilby, 1837) - bongo
				+ *Tragelaphus imberbis* (Blyth, 1869) - cudú pequeno
				+ *Tragelaphus scriptus* (Pallas, 1766) - antílope xeroglífico
				+ *Tragelaphus spekii* Sclater, 1863 - sitatunga
				+ *Tragelaphus strepsiceros* (Pallas, 1766) - gran cudú

  

* O dimorfismo sexual é moi aparente
* Tragelaphus strepsiceros ♂*Tragelaphus strepsiceros* ♂
* Tragelaphus strepsiceros ♀ *Tragelaphus strepsiceros* ♀

### Controversia taxonómica

Como queda dito na *nota 1*, Leakey, seguindo ao seu colaborador Simpson, considera o nome da tribo como *Strepsicerotini*, sendo o seu xénero tipo *Strepsiceros* Frisch, 1774. Porén, o Taxonomicon admite o nome de *Tragelaphini*, e o seu xénero tipo, *Tragelaphus*.

Peter Grubb, en "Review of Family-Group Names of Living Bovids", *Journal of Mammalogy* Vol. 82, No. 2 (maio de 2001), pp. 374–388, revisa os autores e as datas de publicación dos grupos actualmente existentes dentro da familia dos bóvidos. Entre eles, *Tragelaphini* se debe atribuír a Blyth, 1863, non a Jerdon, 1874. E que *Adenotinae* (e *Eleotraginae*), *Connochaetini*, *Nesotragini*, *Strepsicerotini*, *Sylvicaprinae* e *Tetracerini* son sinónimos séniores (os primeiros, e que xeralmente deben ser conservados) de *Reduncinae*, *Alcelaphini*, *Neotragini*, *Tragelaphini* e *Boselaphini*, respectivamente. *Neotragini* e *Reduncinae* son *nomena protecta* (nomes que deben protexerse) e deben usarse preferentemente aos seus sinónimos séniores menos familiares. E que até que se confirme a súa validez, *Boselaphini*, *Tragelaphini*, *Cephalophinae* e *Alcelaphinae* tamén deben empregarse preferentemente aos seus sinónimos séniores. Polo tanto, este autor é partidario de usar *Tragelaphini* no canto de *Strepsicerotini*.

*The Free Dictionary* dá como sinónimo de *Tragelaphus*, a *Strepsiceros* (ver Tragelaphus no Free Dictionary). Porén, no moi autorizado libro de referencia *Mammal Species of the World* recóllese o xénero *Tragelaphus*, para o que non dá sinónimo ningún, *strepsicerus* recóllese como o nome específico dunha das especies do xénero (incidentalmente, cita a tribo dos *Tragelaphini* cando comenta que as liñaxes monofiléticas dentro da tribo non se propuxeron sobre a base da morfoloxía).

Pola súa parte, Malcolm McKenna e Susan K. Bell, na páxina 447 da súa obra *Classification of Mammals. Above the Species Level*, consideran que o xénero *Tragelaphsu* inclúe a *Strepsiceros*.

De calquera xeito, se a tribo está formada polos xéneros *Taurotragus* e *Tragelaphus*, como aquí se indica, o procedemento *normal* para construír os nomes das tribos é facelo sobre a raíz do nome do seu xénero tipo, *Tragelaphus* (ou, na outra opción, *Strepsiceros*), engadíndolle a desinencia do latín científico *-ini*.

Filoxenia
---------

### Bovinos

Relacións filoxenéticas dos bovinos, segundo F. Bibi, 2013.



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|   | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bovinae | 

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|   | Boselaphini (Antílopes de catro cornos e nilgó) |
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|   | **Tragelaphini** (Antilopes de cornos en espiral) |
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|   | Bovini (saola, búfalos, bisontes e bois domésticos) |
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### Traguelafinos

Relaciónes filoxenéticas dos traguelafinos tiradas de análises combinadas de todos os datos moleculares, segundo Willows-Munro *et al*. 2005.



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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

|  |  |
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|   | Grande elán |
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|   | Elán común |
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| --- | --- |
|   | Cudú maior |
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| --- | --- |
|   | Niala das montañas |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | 

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|   | Bongo |
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|   | Sitatunga |
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|   | Antílope xeroglífico |
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|   | Niala |
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|   | Cudú pequeno |
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Notas
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1. ↑  Leakey, en 1967, considera, seguindo a Simpson, o nome da tribo como *Strepsicerotini*, sendo o seu xénero tipo *Strepsiceros* Simpson.
2. ↑  *Bovidae* en *MSW*.
3. ↑  *Bovinae* en MSW.
4. ↑  Véxase, máis abaixo, "Controversia taxonómica".
5. ↑  *Taurotragus* en MSW.
6. 1 2  *Tragelaphus* en MSW.
7. ↑  Tribe *Tragelaphini* (Jerdon, 1874) Ellerman, Morrison-Scott & Hayman, 1953 no Taxonomicon.
8. ↑  *Tragelaphus*
9. ↑  Bibi, Faysal (2013): "A multi-calibrated mitochondrial phylogeny of extant Bovidae (Artiodactyla, Ruminantia) and the importance of the fossil record to systematics". *BMC Evolutionary Biology* **13**: 166.
10. ↑  Willows-Munro, S.; Robinson, T.J.; Matthee, C.A. (2005). "Utility of nuclear DNA intron markers at lower taxonomic levels: Phylogenetic resolution among nine *Tragelaphus* spp.". *Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution* **35** (3): 624–636. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.01.018.

Véxase tamén
------------

### Bibliografía

* Kingdon, J. (2015): *The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals*. 2nd Edition. Princeton, Nova Jersey, USA: Princeton Univeristy Press. ISBN 978-0-6911-6453-3.
* Leakey, L. S. B. (1967): *Olduvai Gorge 1957-1961*. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-10517-0, p. 38.
* McKenna, M. e Susan K. Bell (2000): *Classification of Mammals. Above the Species Level*. Nova York, NY, USA: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-2311-1013-6.
* Wilson, D. E. & Reeder, D. M. (eds.) (2005): *Mammal Species of the World - A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference*. Third edition. Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.

### Outros artigos

* Bovinos
* Antílopes
* *Taurotragus*
* *Tragelaphus*

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| Control de autoridades | 
* Wd: Q3658186
* MAG: 2776745176

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| Identificadores taxonómicos | 
* Fossilworks: 100491

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