**Zaragoza — Canfranc burdinbidea** Iberiar penintsulako burdinbide bat da, Zaragoza–Delicias eta Canfranc geltokiak lotzen ditu.

Burdinbidea 1861ko irailaren 18an inauguratu zen Zaragoza–Delicias eta Tardienta geltokien artean.

Historia
--------

### Eraikuntza

Zaragozatik Pauera Pirinioak zeharkatuz doan trenbidearen plangintza XIX. mendearen erdialdean hasi zen. Denbora luzez uste izan zen Madril eta Paris arteko komunikazio guztiak linea honetatik egingo zirela. Hurrengo mendeetan ezin konta ahala oztopo politiko, tekniko eta esplotaziokoak gainditu behar izan ziren. Linea, azkenean, 1928ko uztailaren 18an inauguratu zuten, Canfranceko nazioarteko geltokian, Alfontso XIII.a Borboikoak eta Frantziako presidenteak, Gaston Doumergue.

Garai honetako egoera politiko eta teknikoengatik, Espainiar eta Frantziar Estatuetako burdinbideak maila askotan bereizten dira. Trakzioa, adibidez, Espainian lurrunezko lokomotorekin egiten zen, dieselaren ondoren, frantziar zatian, hasieratik trakzioa elektrikoa zen bitartean. Zabalera ere ez zegoen uniformeki konstulatua: hegoaldean tarte hori garai hartan han ohikoa zen zabalera iberiarrean eraikitzen zen. Horregatik eta beste arrazoi batzuengatik, Canfrancen, itsas mailatik 1 194 metroko altueran, Iberiar Penintsulako geltokirik handienetako bat eratzen zen.

### Bilakaera

Zortzi urte besterik ez ziren, lan hau inauguratu zenetik, trenen zirkulazioa eten egin zela Espainiako Gerra Zibileko matxinaden ondorioz, eta, ondoren, Bigarren Mundu Gerra. 1940. urtearen hasieran, zuzeneko linea berriz irekita zegoen. Hala ere, trafiko-zifrak pertsona askoren itxaropenen azpitik geratzen ziren, eta urte batzuen ondoren, batez ere Frantziatik zetozen ahotsek gehiago hitz egiten zuten ibilbide hori trafikoari ixteaz. 1940ko martxoaren 27an, nazioarteko burdinbidearen historia bortizki amaitzen zen. Kontrolik gabeko tren frantziar bat Bedósko l'Estanguetetik gertu zegoen zubian.

Egun honetatik aurrera, Paueko tren zirkulazioa mantentzen zen Bedóseraino, ondoren Oloroe-Donamariaraino. Espainiako zatian Zaragoza eta Canfranc arteko trenak dabiltza gaur arte. Merkantzientzat, Canfrancen, merkantzien zati bat tren-bagoietan kargatzeko silo bat eta instalazioak eraikitzen ziren.

Trafikoa eten zenetik, herritarren artean atsekabe handia sortu da trafikoa behin betiko etetea politikoki baztertu delako. Urtero, uztailaren 18an, inaugurazio ekitaldia gogoratzen da 1928an, festa handi batekin. Nazioarteko trenbidea berriz irekitzeko erakunde askok parte hartzen dute. Canfranceko geltokiaren eraikina Aragoiko erkidegoaren monumentu babestua da gaur egun, eta laster berritu eta beste helburu batekin erabiliko dute.

### Abiadura handia

2003an ireki zuten Zaragoza-Huesca abiadura handiko trenbidea. Zaragozaren eta Tardientaren artean, dagoen bide zabalarekiko paraleloa den nazioarteko bazterbide batez osatuta dago. Tardienta eta Huesca arteko hurrengo atalean, hiru erraileko errail baten printzipioa jarri da abian. Ohiko erreiko ibilgailuak eta bide zabalekoak ibil daitezke bertan. Harrezkero, Huescako geltokiak ohiko bi bide ditu, eta lau bide zabal (bide horietako bakarra dago kaian).

Huescako geltokia atzean geratu da. Hori dela eta, Zaragozako eta Canfranceko trenek, Huescako geltokian geldituz, atzera egin behar zuten, 2007. urtera arte, Canfranc aldera jo baino lehen. Kontrako maniobra behar zen beste norabidean zihoazen trenetarako. 2007an beste bide bat ireki zen Huescatik hegoaldera. Harrezkero, Canfrancen gelditzen diren trenek norabidea aldatzen dute Huescara, etapa erre eta geltoki hori saihesten duten zuzeneko kontzesioa erabiltzen dutenek izan ezik.

Zerbitzuak
----------

### Distantzia luzea


|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |
| --- |
|  **Renfe Operadora** |

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  **Zerbitzua**  |  **Hasiera**  |  **Ibilbidea**  |  **Amaiera** ⁠ |
|   | MadrilAtochako Atea | Guadalajara–Yebes • Calatayud • Zaragoza–Delicias • Tardienta | Huesca |

 |

### Distantzia ertaina


|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |
| --- |
|  **Renfe Operadora** |

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  **Zerbitzua**  |  **Hasiera**  |  **Ibilbidea**  |  **Amaiera** ⁠ |
| **56** | ZaragozaDelicias | Zaragoza–Portillo • Zaragoza–Goya • Zaragoza–Miraflores • Villanueva de Gallego • Tardienta • Huesca • Ayerbe • Riglos–Concilio • Riglos–Geralekua • Santa Maria d'a Penya • Anzanigo • Candarenas–Aquilue • Samianigo • Jaka • Gaztelu Jaka • Villanuga–Letranz | Canfranc |

 |

Azpiegitura
-----------

Burdinbidearen hersturak artelan berezi ugari behar izan zituen. Lotura, Canfranc eta Forges d'Abel arteko Somporteko tunela da, 7 875 metrokoa. Beste tunel batzuez gain. Aspe bailarako zubibide ugariek Lötschberg edo San Gotardi bezalako trenbideetako eraikinak gogorarazten dituzte. Espainiako zatian, beste artelan batzuez gain, Peñako zubia oso ikusgarria da, 148 metroko luzera duena Galligo ibaiaren gainetik. Nazioarteko linea eraiki zen bitartean, Zuera eta Turuñana artean linea zuzen bat eraiki zen, gaur egun, Zueratik Gurrea de Gallegoraino soilik bide industrial bezala existitzen dena. Linea honek, ibilbidea, ia 40 kilometrotan laburtzen du.

Canfranceko geltokia Zaragoza-Canfranc eta Paue-Canfranc burdinbidearen gune oso berezia da. Instalazioen tamaina handiak pertsona askoren irudimen-gaitasuna gainditzen du gaur egun. 1970etik zerbitzuz kanpo dauden instalazioak ez ziren desmuntatu eta lur jota geratu ziren. Orduan, Canfranceko geltokia gaur egun ere mirets daiteke bere dimentsio osoetan. Proiektu batek aurreikusi du tren-azpiegitura lekuz aldatzea eta monumentuak berritzea, batez ere geltokiko eraikina, hotel eta etxebizitza gisa erabiltzeko.

Bedós eta Canfranc arteko errepidea Aspe bailaran baretzean, errespetatu eta babestu egin da gaur arteko trenbidea. Horrela, Somporteko tunela errepiderako egokitzea aurreikusten zuen proiektu bat bertan behera geratu zen. Autobiako tunel berria paraleloki eraiki eta 2004an inauguratu zen. Hori dela eta, Aspe bailaran pasabide gutxi dago, errepidea oso estua eta arriskutsua baita gaur egungo trafikoarentzat. Aspe bailaran autobia berri bat eraikitzea kontraesana da parke naturalarekin.

### Eskema

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| umvCONTg |

 |  |  *Madril — Perpinyà* /  *Zaragoza — Altsasu*  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| umvBHF |

 | 0,000 | Zaragoza–Delicias  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| umtvSTRa |

 | 0,000 | *Zaragozako tunela*  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| umtvSTR-HST |

 | 2,725 | Zaragoza–Portillo  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| umtvSTR-HST |

 | 3,875 | Zaragoza–Goya  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| umtvSTR-HST |

 | 4,960 | Zaragoza–Miraflores  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| umtvSTRe |

 | 5,319 | *Zaragozako tunela*  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| umvSTR-eBHF |

 | 5,413 | Miraflores  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| uCONTgq | umvSTR + uvSTRr- |  |

 |  |  *Madril — Perpinyà*  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| umvÜWBr |

 |  |  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| CONTgq | mvABZr+r-STR + mvSTR |  |

 |  |  *Madril — Bartzelona*  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| mvSTR + exlvBHF- |

 | 16,33 | San Juan de Mozarrifar  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| mvBHF-STR |

 | 21,53 | Villanueva de Gallego  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| mvSTR + exlvBHF- |

 | 34,79 | Zuera  |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | mveABZgl-STR | exSTRq | exSTR+r |

 |  |  |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | mvSTR + exlvBHF- |  | exSTR |

 | 52,62 | Almudevar  |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | mvBHF |  | exSTR |

 | 62,02 | Tardienta  |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | CONTgq | mvABZgr-STR |  | exSTR |

 |  |  *Zaragoza — Bartzelona*  |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | mvSTR |  | exBHF |

 |  | Gurrea de Gallego  |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | mSPLe |  | exSTR + num1l |

 |  | *(1) 1929 eta 1970 artean irekitako tartea* |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | eBHF |  | exSTR |

 | 74,56 | Vicien  |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | ABZgl+l | STR+r | exBHF |

 |  | Ortilla–Marracos  |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | STR+l | xABZgr | STR + num2l | exSTR |

 |  | *(2) 2007an irekitako tartea* |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | umSPLa | exSTR + num3l | STR | exSTR |

 |  | *(3) 2007an itxitako tartea* |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | umvKBHFe | exSTR | STR | exSTR |

 | 

|  |
| --- |
| 83,51 |
| 0,00 |

 | Huesca  |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | xABZg+l | STRr | exBHF |

 |  | Piedramorrera–Biscarrues  |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | eBHF |  | exSTR |

 |  | Alerre  |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | eBHF |  | exSTR |

 |  | Plazienzia d'a Sotonera  |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | eABZg+l | exSTRq | exSTRr |

 |  |  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| eBHF |

 | 27,45 | Turuñana  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| BHF |

 | 34,96 | Ayerbe  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| HST |

 | 41,70 | Riglos–Concilio  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| HST |

 | 45,00 | Riglos–Geralekua  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| BHF |

 | 53,60 | Santa Maria d'a Penya  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| BHF |

 | 59,38 | Anzanigo  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| BHF |

 | 72,54 | Candarenas–Aquilue  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| eHST |

 | 83,51 | Orna de Galligo  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| BHF |

 | 94,29 | Samianigo  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| eHST |

 | 103,89 | Nabasa  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| BHF |

 | 

|  |
| --- |
| 110,214 |
| 0,000 |

 | Jaka  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| TUNNEL2 |

 |  | *1. tunela (80 m)* |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| TUNNEL2 |

 |  | *2. tunela (116 m)* |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| TUNNEL2 |

 |  | *3. tunela (107 m)* |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| TUNNEL2 |

 |  | *4. tunela (55 m)* |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| WASSERq | hKRZWae | WASSERq |

 |  | *Barranco d'o Chuez erreka*  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| hSTRae |

 |  | *Gazteluko erreka*  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| HST |

 | 6,200 | Gaztelu Jaka  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| TUNNEL1 |

 |  | *5. tunela (429 m)* |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| eBHF |

 | 8,683 | Castiello  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| hSTRae |

 |  | *Araturesko erreka*  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| TUNNEL1 |

 |  | *6. tunela (868 m)* |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| TUNNEL1 |

 |  | *7. tunela (236 m)* |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| WASSERq | hKRZWae | WASSERq |

 |  | *Aragoi ibaia*  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| TUNNEL1 |

 |  | *8. tunela (375 m)* |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| TUNNEL1 |

 |  | *9. tunela (252 m)* |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| hSTRae |

 |  | *Arraguas erreka*  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| TUNNEL1 |

 |  | *10. tunela (394 m)* |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| BHF |

 | 17,413 | Villanuga–Letranz  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| TUNNEL2 |

 |  | *11. tunela (145 m)* |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| TUNNEL2 |

 |  | *12. tunela (66 m)* |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| TUNNEL2 |

 |  | *14. tunela (113 m)* |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| TUNNEL2 |

 |  | *15. tunela (178 m)* |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| TUNNEL1 |

 |  | *16. tunela (498 m)* |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| hSTRae |

 |  | *Elepe erreka*  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| TUNNEL1 |

 |  | *17. tunela (921 m)* |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| hSTRae |

 |  | *Botal erreka*  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| TUNNEL1 |

 |  | *18. tunela (418 m)* |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| TUNNEL1 |

 |  | *19. tunela (242 m)* |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| exSTR+l | eABZgr + num1l | WASSER+l |

 |  | *(1) Zabalera luzea (1 668 m)* |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| exvSHI1+l-ENDEa | evENDEa-SHI1+r | WASSER |

 |  |  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| exvDST | vexBHF-BHF | WASSER |

 | 

|  |
| --- |
| 24,666 |
| 308,499 |

 | Canfranc  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| exvENDEe-SHI1r | evSHI1l-ENDEe | WASSER |

 |  |  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| exSTRl | exABZg+r + num2l | WASSER |

 |  | *(2) Zabalera normala (1 435 m)* |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| WASSERq | exWBRÜCKE2 | WASSERr |

 |  | *Aragoi ibaia*  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| extSTRa |

 | 307,993 | *Somporteko tunela* (7 874 m) |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| GRZq | xtZOLL | GRZq |

 | 303,285 | *Espainia* / *Frantzia muga*  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| extSTRe |

 |  |  |
| 

|  |
| --- |
| exLSTR |

 |  |  *Paue — Canfranc*  |

 |

Erreferentziak
--------------

1. ↑   **(Gaztelaniaz)** «El Canfranero | Historia» *www.canfranc.ch* (Noiz kontsultatua: 2021-02-14).
2. ↑   **(Gaztelaniaz)** «CANFRANC proiektua» *El proyecto Canfranc* (Noiz kontsultatua: 2021-02-14).
3. ↑   **(Frantsesez)** «Transpirinioak, Transpirinioar Kapildar Handiaren Ferroviario Berriaren testuinguru historikoa.» *Site d'information du NAFGCT* (Noiz kontsultatua: 2021-02-14).
4. ↑   **(Alemanez)** Suter, Jürg.  (2007). «Nazioarteko trenbide linea baten balorazioa Erdialdeko Pirinioetan» *Bernako Unibertsitatea*.
5. ↑   **(Gaztelaniaz)** Via Libre. «AVE Huescatik irten da banderatxoarekin eta txilibituarekin» *www.webcitation.org* (Noiz kontsultatua: 2021-02-14).
6. ↑   **(Gaztelaniaz)** «El Canfranero | Azpiegitura» *www.canfranc.ch* (Noiz kontsultatua: 2021-02-14).

Ikus, gainera
-------------

* Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias
* Renfe Operadora

Kanpo estekak
-------------

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Autoritate kontrola | 
* **Wikimedia proiektuak**
* Wd Datuak: Q803160
* **Lekuak**
* OSM: 1955991

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* Wd Datuak: Q803160

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    Iberiar Penintsulako abiadura handiko burdinbideak |
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| *ADIF* • *REFER* • *Euskal Trenbide Sarea* • *TP Ferro* |
| Mediterraneo | Tarragona — Valentzia • Murtzia — Almeria • Antequera — Granada • *Sevilla — Antequera* • *Sevilla — Huelva* |
| Erdialde | Madril — Perpinyà • Zaragoza — Canfranc • Madril — Sevilla • Kordoba — Malaga • Sevilla — Cadiz • *Madril — Jaen* |
| Atlantiko | Atocha — Chamartin • Madril — Valladolid • Valladolid — Leon • Olmedo — Santiago • Coruña — Vigo • *Valladolid — Gasteiz* • *Leon — Gijon* • *Euskal Y* |
| Atlantiko/Mediterraneo | Madril — Lisboa • Madril — Valentzia • *Lisboa — Porto* |
| Kantauri/Mediterraneo | *Valentzia — Zaragoza* • *Zaragoza — Iruña — Euskal Y* • *Tutera — Miranda Ebro* |

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    Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias |
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