**Leon — Gijon abiadura handiko burdinbidea** Iberiar penintsulako burdinbide bat da, Leon eta Gijon geltokiak lotzen ditu.

Burdinbidea lanean da, eta bere inaugurazioa 2021. urtera izango da.

Historia
--------

### Leon - Robla tartea

Abiadura handiko burdinbide berriaren zati ez den arren, Venta de Baños eta Gijon artean dagoen linearen zati bat denez, moldaketa bat behar du harekin funtzionatzeko. Valladolidetik datorren abiadura handiko burdinbidea Leoneraino iristen da. Asturiasera arteko eraikuntza berria Roblan hasten da, eta, beraz, beharrezkoa da adarretako bi burdinbideak lotzea, 20,2 kilometroko luzera duen zati bat aldatuz. Proiektuak bi norabideetan hiru errei sartzea aurreikusten zuen, hau da, lau bide guztira (bi iberiar zabaleran eta bi nazioarteko zabaleran; bi Asturiaserako noranzkoan eta bi Leonerako noranzkoan), bi zabaleren zirkulazioak jasateko eta elektrifikazioa 25 kVCAra aldatzeko. Trenbide-pasaguneak ere kenduko lirateke.

Gainera, tarte hori Leongo geltokiarekin lotu beharko litzateke iparraldetik, eta pasabide bihurtu; izan ere, gaur egungo kokapenak hegoaldetik soilik sar daitezke, eta 15 minutu behar dira itzulinguru bat egiteko. Horretarako lanak 2015ean hasi ziren.

### Payaresko saihesbidea

Payaresko saihesbidea burdinbidearen zati bat da, Leongo Herria Asturiasko Printzerriarekin lotzeko ardura duena. Trazadura berri hau, Atlantikoko ardatzarena denez, Europako elkarreragingarritasun ezaugarriekin diseinatu zen, hau da, nazioarteko bide zabalerarekin (1 435 mm), 25 kV AC elektrifikazioarekin eta ERTMS kontrol sistemarekin.

49,7 kilometroko luzera du, eta, bertan, Payaresko tunelak nabarmentzen dira. Azpiegitura horri esker, Payaresko mendate zaila gainditu ahal izango da, historikoki Asturias eta Gaztela eta Leongo ordokiaren arteko komunikazioa zaildu baitu.

Robla eta Ḷḷena arteko distantzia jatorrizko ibilbidearekiko 34 kilometro laburtuko da, eta gainera trenek 250 kilometro ordukoko abiaduran zirkulatu ahal izango dute; beraz, beharrezkoa den denbora 15 minutukoa izango da.

2013an, Payaresko tunelen mendebaldeko hodian ur-filtrazioekin izandako arazoen ondorioz, Robla eta Ḷḷena arteko ekialdeko hoditik zabalera iberiarreko bide bakar bat martxan jartzea pentsatu zen.

Lanak 2005ean hasi ziren, eta 2010. urtean amaitzea espero zen arren, arazo teknikoen eta kontratuen atzerapenen zerrenda luzea dela eta, saihesbidea ez zen 2018. urtea baino lehen martxan jarriko. Arazo nagusia Campumanes inguruko mendi-hegal batean dago, eta teknikariek ez dute egonkortzea lortu, ahaleginak egin dituzten arren.

2017ko ekainaren 15eko albisteen arabera, Espainiako Sustapen Ministerioak 2020an amaitu nahi ditu lanak, eta 2021ean hasi bidaiarien trafikoa. Leon-Robla tartea nazioarteko zabalerako hirugarren errei batekin amaituko da; zabalera mistoko bideak (edo 'hari hirukoitza') jarriko dira saihesbidearen mendebaldeko tunelean (filtrazioen arazoak konponduta), eta 25 kVCAko elektrifikazioa. Ekialdeko tunela zabalera iberiarreko trenbideekin muntatuta dago jada, balio anitzeko trabesarekin; horri esker, zabalera europereora aldatu ahal izango da edozein unetan; halaber, zabalera-trukagailu bat egongo da Campumanesen, linea dagoen bezala jarraituz, zabalera iberikoarekin eta 3 kVcc-rekin. Irtenbide hori, bidaiarientzako saihesbide esklusibo bat aldarrikatzen duten alderdi politiko batzuek kritikatua, arrazoi ekonomikoengatik justifikatuta dago. Asturiastik ordokia barruranzko salgaien trafikoa bidaiariena baino askoz ere garrantzi ekonomiko handiagokoa da, eta hala diote hainbat plataforma teknikok. Inaugurazioaren ondoren, Payareseko arrapala itxiko da, mantentze-gastuak oso altuak direlako eta iragarritako xedapenarekin, ez delako beharrezkoa.

Zenbait informaziok zalantzan jartzen dute lan epe horretan amaituko denik. Leon-Robla tartea hiru erreira egokitzeak eta Campumanesen hegalaren arazoak, oraindik egonkortasuna konpondu ez duenak, atzeratu egin dezakete inaugurazioa. Hala ere, ADIFek 2021eko otsailean iragarri zuen lanak laster amaituko zirela.

### Campumanes - Gijon tartea

Asturias barruko zatiak bide konbentzionala hobetuko du, eta nazioarteko zabalerako erreiak gehituko dizkiote, baina lehenago aldi baterako zabalerako aldagailu bat jarriko dute Campumanesen.

Azpiegitura
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | KBHFa |  |

 |  | Gijon  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | BHF |  |

 |  | Oviedo  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | BHF |  |

 |  | la Pola de Ḷḷena  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | xABZgl | CONTfq |

 | 49,746 | *Payaresko arrapala*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| WASSERq | exhKRZWa | WASSERq |

 |  | *Naredu ibaia*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhtSTRa |  |

 | 49,216 | *la Pola de Ḷḷenako bidezubia*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhtSTRe |  |

 | 47,570 | *Picu de Sieroko tunela*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| WASSERq | exhKRZW | WASSERq |

 | 47,481 | *Foraca erreka*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhtSTRa |  |

 | 47,310 |  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | extSTRe |  |

 | 44,845 | *la Vega'l Cieguko tunela*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhSTRae |  |

 | 44,380 | *Campumanesko bidezubia*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exDST |  |

 | 43,388 | Campumanes  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| WASSERq | exWBRÜCKE1 | WASSERq |

 | 43,639 | *Tesuko bidezubia*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | extSTRa |  |

 | 42,440 |  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhtSTRe |  |

 | 41,709 | *Tesuko tunela*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| WASSERq | exhKRZW | WASSERq |

 |  | *Tesu ibaia*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhSTRe@f |  |

 | 41,557 | *Sotielloko bidezubia*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | extSTRa |  |

 | 41,505 |  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhtSTRe |  |

 | 40,525 | *Sotielloko tunela*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhSTR |  |

 | 40,361 | *San Blasko tunela*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhtSTRa |  |

 | 40,347 |  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhtSTRe |  |

 | 38,317 | *Jomezanako tunela*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhSTR |  |

 | 38,226 | *Jomezanako bidezubia*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhtSTRa |  |

 | 38,195 |  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhtSTRe |  |

 | 34,426 | *Pontonesko tunela*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhSTR |  |

 | 34,354 | *Huernako bidezubia*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhtSTRa |  |

 | 34,317 |  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | extSTR |  |

 |  | *Payaresko tunela*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | extSTRe |  |

 | 9,669 |  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | extSTRa |  |

 | 9,234 |  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhtSTRe |  |

 | 8,533 | *Nocedo de Gordóngo tunela*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| WASSERq | exhKRZW | WASSERq |

 |  | *Bernesga ibaia*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| STRq | xhKRZ | STRq |

 |  | *Payaresko arrapala* |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhSKRZ-A |  |

 |  | N-630  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhSTRe@f |  |

 | 8,091 | *Huergako bidezubia*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exTUNNEL1 |  |

 | 7,789 | *Buen Sucesoko II. tunela*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exTUNNEL1 |  |

 | 6,970 | *Buen Sucesoko I. tunela*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exTUNNEL1 |  |

 | 6,161 | *Peredillako tunela*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhSTRa@g |  |

 |  |  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| STRq | xhKRZ | STRq |

 |  | *Payaresko arrapala* |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| RAq | exhSKRZ-A | RAq |

 |  | *N-630 errepidea*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| WASSERq | exhKRZW | WASSERq |

 |  | *Bernesga ibaia*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhtSTRa |  |

 | 5,474 | *Albako bidezubia*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | extSTRe |  |

 | 4,328 | *Albako tunela*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exDST |  |

 | 2,849 | La Robla  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | extSTRa |  |

 | 2,815 |  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhtSTRe |  |

 | 2,322 | *Castruko tunela*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exhSTRe@f |  |

 | 2,136 | *Olleruko bidezubia*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | exSTR |  |

 | 0,0 |  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | xABZg+l | CONTfq |

 |  | *Payaresko arrapala*  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | KMW |  |

 |  | Zabalera-aldagailua  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | STR |  |

 |  |  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | BHF |  |

 | 162,7 | Leon  |
| 

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | CONTf |  |

 |  |  *Valladolid — Leon*  |

 |

Erreferentziak
--------------

1. ↑   **(Gaztelaniaz)** «Asturiasko Printzerriara AVE datorren urtean lanean hasiko dela ziurtatu du Abalosek» *La Voz de Asturias* 2020-06-10 (Noiz kontsultatua: 2021-02-25).
2. ↑  Ongi etorri ADIFen Leongo geltoki berrira
3. ↑  Prentsa-oharra SUSTAPEN MINISTERIOA
4. ↑   **(Gaztelaniaz)** «Payaresko saihesbideak 1 990 milioi euroko kostua izango du, eta Madril eta Gijon lotuko ditu 2,5 ordutan» *abc* 2004-02-12 (Noiz kontsultatua: 2021-02-25).
5. ↑   **(Gaztelaniaz)** «Teknikarien kalkuluen arabera, Payareko saihesbidea ez da 2018a baino lehen amaituta egongo.» *La Voz de Asturias* 2016-09-11 (Noiz kontsultatua: 2021-02-25).
6. ↑   **(Gaztelaniaz)** «Campumanesen hegalak mugitzen jarraitzen du» *El Comercio* 2016-11-29 (Noiz kontsultatua: 2021-02-25).
7. ↑   **(Gaztelaniaz)** «Payaresko saihesbideko lanak 2020. urtearen amaieran amaitzea aurreikusten du Sustapen Ministerioak» *La Vanguardia* 2017-06-15 (Noiz kontsultatua: 2021-02-25).
8. ↑   **(Gaztelaniaz)** «Sustapen Ministerioak iragarri du 2021ean irekiko duela saihesbidea eta Payaresko arrapala itxiko duela» *El Comercio* 2018-11-14 (Noiz kontsultatua: 2021-02-25).
9. ↑   **(Gaztelaniaz)**  *Txostena: Payaresko aldaeraren aldaerak – LZP – Tunelen Plataforma Teknologikoa.*  (Noiz kontsultatua: 2021-02-25).
10. ↑   **(Gaztelaniaz)** lainformacion.com.  (2021-02-07). «Hamarkada asko luzatu eta gainkostuak pilatu dituen AVEren obrarako azken txanpa» *La Información* (Noiz kontsultatua: 2021-02-25).
11. ↑   «FCMAF - PEIT (2005-2020)» *web.archive.org* 2009-12-16 (Noiz kontsultatua: 2021-02-25).

Ikus, gainera
-------------

* Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias
* Renfe Operadora

Kanpo estekak
-------------

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| Autoritate kontrola | 
* **Wikimedia proiektuak**
* Wd Datuak: Q5391977

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* Wd Datuak: Q5391977

| * i
* e
* a
    Iberiar Penintsulako abiadura handiko burdinbideak |
| --- |
| *ADIF* • *REFER* • *Euskal Trenbide Sarea* • *TP Ferro* |
| Mediterraneo | Tarragona — Valentzia • Murtzia — Almeria • Antequera — Granada • *Sevilla — Antequera* • *Sevilla — Huelva* |
| Erdialde | Madril — Perpinyà • Zaragoza — Canfranc • Madril — Sevilla • Kordoba — Malaga • Sevilla — Cadiz • *Madril — Jaen* |
| Atlantiko | Atocha — Chamartin • Madril — Valladolid • Valladolid — Leon • Olmedo — Santiago • Coruña — Vigo • *Valladolid — Gasteiz* • *Leon — Gijon* • *Euskal Y* |
| Atlantiko/Mediterraneo | Madril — Lisboa • Madril — Valentzia • *Lisboa — Porto* |
| Kantauri/Mediterraneo | *Valentzia — Zaragoza* • *Zaragoza — Iruña — Euskal Y* • *Tutera — Miranda Ebro* |