reapxdev/zenodo-scraper huggingface dataset:
Development of a Process Data-Based Deposition Simulation for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing Processes as a Process Model for Generating Digital Twins
Authors: Sahlbach, Vasco Alexander, Mauersberger, Konrad, Hänel, Albrecht, Ihlenfeldt, Steffen
Type: Conference paper
Published: 2026-08-03

<p>Extrusion-based 3D printing processes of industrial plastic granulate expand the application possibilities of fused layer modeling (FLM) through higher deposition rates at lower material costs. This enables the economical production of large component structures, such as large tool molds or hull segments for ship constructions, which, however, places higher demands on process reliability and dimensional stability. Many parameters, such as the extruder speed, material quality or temperature, influence the shape of the extruded rope and therefore also the dimensional accuracy of the overall printed geometry. In addition, elementary influencing parameters are subject to process related fluctuations, which leads to imperfections and local deviations from the originally planned geometry. This results in the requirement to calculate and represent an exact knowledge of the actual geometry during the printing process in the one hand to localize defects and deviations and in the other hand to improve the actual printed geometry for the planning of finishing machining process. This article presents a tri-dexel-based simulation model that uses material data, extruder data and machine control data, which are acquired in a high-frequency interpolation cycle during the process, to calculate the material deposition and the resulting actual geometry and make it available as a CAD model. With this new method, complex geometric three-dimensional component measurements, e.g. with a laser line scanner, can be reduced and even substituted. The use of this actual geometry enables an adapted parameter and design optimization in the planning and design of extrusion-based 3D printing processes. In addition, this calculation method enables the generation of a complete digital twin in which the geometry with all its relevant properties is mapped in parallel to the physical product.</p>
A 110-170 GHz Phase-Insensitive and PVT-Robust Digital-Step Attenuator with Phase Compensation and Background Step Calibration
Authors: Abdelmagid, Basem Abdelaziz, Wang, Hua, Wang, Adam
Type: Conference paper
Published: 2026-08-03
Keywords: 6G, attenuator, D-band, DSA, mm-Wave, passive, phased array, reflective-type, RTA, sub-THz, VGA

<p>[Abstract]  This work proposes a low-loss digital-step attenuator (DSA) that covers the entire D-band (110-170 GHz) with a tuning range of 15.5 dB and a step of 0.5 dB. Utilizing a multi-stage reflective-type attenuator (RTA) with phase compensation per stage, the DSA simultaneously achieves high precision and low phase variations. Further, a background step-calibration loop is proposed and employed to maintain robust performance with reduced root-mean-square (RMS) and differential nonlinearity (DNL) magnitude errors across process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. The design is implemented in GlobalFoundries 22nm CMOS FD-SOI, achieving a low insertion loss (IL) of 3.5 dB at the reference state at 140 GHz, which can be simply compensated by a single D-band driver stage. The measured RMS magnitude and phase errors remain below 0.19 dB and 2.7<span class="s1">◦ </span>respectively across the entire D-band.</p>
Explaining Agents' Interactions through their Causal Behavior and Counterfactuals
Authors: Islam, Mir Riyanul, Barua, Shaibal, Ahmed, Mobyen Uddin, Begum, Shahina
Type: Conference paper
Published: 2026-08-03

<p>Reinforcement learning (RL) agents often operate as black boxes, making it difficult to understand their decision-making in dynamic environments. This study proposes a novel framework for explainable RL based on structural causal models (SCMs). Here, the approach learns an SCM of the environment dynamics and reward process in a mobile network simulator (<em>mobile-env</em>), and uses this causal model to generate <em>counterfactual explanations</em> and perform <em>interventions</em> to understand agent behavior. The approach demonstrates that the learned SCM can closely approximate the environment’s transition dynamics while remaining interpretable. By leveraging <em>do</em>-calculus and counterfactual reasoning, our framework explains the long-term effects of actions through causal chains and highlights key influential factors. Experiments on a wireless network control task show that our method provides meaningful explanations for agent decisions (e.g., why a given action yields a higher reward), with minimal loss in policy performance. The study also presents comparative evaluations against baseline explanation approaches and discusses how our SCM-based explanations improve transparency and trust in RL policies.</p>
An 8-28 GHz Bidirectional Variable-Gain Phase Shifter for 6G FR3/ 5G n258 FR2 Featuring a Magnitude-Equalized Self-Similar 90◦ Coupler and a Simultaneously Phase-Temperature Compensated Attenuator
Authors: Abdelmagid, Basem Abdelaziz, Wang, Hua
Type: Conference paper
Published: 2026-08-03
Keywords: 5G FR2, 6G FR3, attenuator, coupler, mm-Wave, passive, phase, shifter, phased array, vector modulator, VGPS

<p>[Abstract] This work proposes a bidirectional vector modulator-based all-passive variable-gain phase shifter (VGPS) across 8-28 GHz for 6G FR3 and 5G n258 FR2. It achieves the full 360<span class="s1">◦ </span>phase shift (PS) range with a 5-bit resolution, and an 8-dB variable gain (VG) range with a 4-bit resolution. To cover this wide fractional bandwidth (FBW) with a reasonable chip size, a wideband self-similar transformer (TF)-based 90<span class="s1">◦ </span>coupler with magnitude equalization networks is proposed and utilized for the in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) generation network. Further, to achieve orthogonal and in-dB calibration-free gain control with temperature robustness, a simultaneously phase-temperature compensated switched-type attenuator is proposed and utilized for the VG units of the vector modulator-based VGPS. The design is implemented in GlobalFoundries 22nm CMOS FD-SOI with a core area of 0.43 mm<span class="s1">2</span>. In the PS mode, the RMS phase and magnitude errors are lower than 3.7<span class="s1">◦ </span>and 0.74 dB across the entire band, while in the VG mode, the RMS errors are lower than 1.4<span class="s1">◦ </span>and 0.29 dB across the band.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Final version: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11602356 </p>
Friction First: A Toolkit for Teaching Critical Thinking in an AI Saturated Classroom
Authors: Llàcer Caro, Sofia, Muñoz Zanón, Jorge
Type: Conference paper
Published: 2026-07-31
Keywords: Multimodal AI, Education, Technological Sovereignty, Pedagogical Friction, Critical Inquiry

<p>This paper takes the position that the mass adoption of LLMs and multimodal AI systems in educational contexts is unlike other technologies and, above all, an epistemic shift. We believe that the most powerful thing we can do in response is to focus on building critical thinking in the classroom.</p><p>For this, we propose an educational framework built around critical inquiry and technological sovereignty. The goal is for students to learn to question and understand AI, not just blindly use it. The framework provides five design principles and a cyclical model of critical thinking development which different educational communities can adapt to their own contexts and needs.</p><p>Drawing from the authors' teaching experiences, two case studies are presented to examine the framework in practice: a vocational training program in mechanical fabrication, and a digital skills course for adults with disabilities. The paper concludes with a proposal for a collective pedagogical playbook: an open, living resource where educators from Fab Labs, universities, and informal learning contexts can contribute their own methodologies, build upon others' and document the process. The proposals in this paper are starting points, not rules, and the authors believe they should be co-created with the education community.</p>
Design Follows Availability in Urban Informality
Authors: Afnani Firdaus, Qonita
Type: Conference paper
Published: 2026-02-05
Keywords: Design Follows Availability, Participatory Design, Tactical Urbanism, Urban Informality

<p>This research investigates the principle of "form follows availability" within the context of urban informality in Kampung Lebak Siliwangi, Bandung, Indonesia. The study highlights how grassroots efforts by residents shape their environment in response to limited space, materials, and capital, demonstrating a remarkable ability to adapt and innovate despite challenges. Through a mixed-method approach, including interviews, observations, community mapping, and content analysis, the research reveals that design interventions reflect community identity, resilience, and resourcefulness. Key findings indicate that residents utilize recycled materials to create murals, sculptures, and functional spaces, fostering a sense of ownership and pride. Innovative practices, such as repurposing everyday objects and adapting structures to fit irregular spaces, showcase the community's<br>creativity in maximizing limited resources. These small-scale, tactical interventions illustrate how informal urbanism serves not only as a survival strategy but also as a creative response to exclusionary formal planning policies. The study underscores the need for a collaborative approach to design for social innovation that values informal processes and local knowledge. Embracing participatory design models can enhance the sustainability of informal settlements while maintaining their unique character and adaptability, offering critical insights for urban development in the Global South.</p>
Integrative Hybridity
Authors: Duque Estrada, Rebeca, Chen, Tzu-Ying, AMUDHAN, KALAIVANAN, Losi, Samuel, Marsillo, Laura, Shevidi, Shirin, Knippers, Jan, Menges, Achim
Type: Conference paper
Published: 2026-02-05
Keywords: Co-design, Design Framework, Hybrid Systems, Biomaterials

<p>Hybrid bio-based materials offer innovative solutions in construction, addressing design challenges single materials cannot meet alone. The integration of material's complementary characteristics enables a balanced demand for resources and allows for the investigation of novel tectonics and typologies in architecture. Despite the advancements in integrative design methods, known as co-design, there is a lack of methodologies and frameworks for designing a hybrid system. This study proposes a method to enhance and expand the co-design process of hybrids by incorporating critical factors integral to their development. The objective is to create a foundation for the development of bio-based hybrids in architecture. The methods extend the co-design process, wherein complementary material properties are considered, material and spatial relationships are established, building<br>system logics are categorized, and guiding inquiries facilitate the evaluation of the system at both material and architectural levels. The methods are demonstrated by two case studies. One involves hybrid systems made of timber and Flax Fiber Polymer Composite (FFPC), and the second evaluates state-of-the-art hybrids demonstrating its broader applicability. The findings (i) demonstrate the potential to align material roles with project-specific criteria and (ii) validate the method as an effective tool to guide the design of hybrid systems.</p>
Tomatoes, Sea Cucumbers, and AI
Authors: Fernandez Ramos, Elisa, Hurtado Torán, Eva, Andres, Jaque Ovejero, Sahin, Oz
Type: Conference paper
Published: 2026-02-05
Keywords: Ecosystem Design, Circular Systems, Sustainable Diet, Regenerative Marine Agriculture, Ocean Sprawl

<p>Could the combination of tomatoes, sea cucumbers, and AI be the glocal recipe for sustainable urban development systems? In this text, we review some of the implications of oceanic expansion, proposing an experiment to extract these and other conclusions that may help us realize its importance and the role of architects and urban designers in it. This research assumes that the coastline is fictitious, just like the boundary of cities that usually coincides with it. The city is part of the marine ecosystem and sprawls over it, primarily for productive purposes. Productivity models have shaped our cities since the beginning of civilization; thus, we must strive to understand the relationship between cities and the sea to respond to the new eco-social interactions and urban challenges arising from it. Urban and marine ecosystems constitute a single metabolism; therefore, circular models should consider both. This article conceptualizes a Causal Loop Diagram for the cultivation of marine tomatoes circularly between the two environments. Its performance is being quantified using Systems Dynamic Models. Preliminary results show that this conceptual approach could lead to the viability of crucial unsustainable production systems, defining regenerative models and introducing new perspectives for hydraulic urbanism for the post-Anthropocene era.</p>
Palm Beach In Real Time
Authors: Katsangelou, Smaro, Sklivanitis, Georgios, Pados, Dimitris
Type: Conference paper
Published: 2026-02-05
Keywords: Wireless Signals, Digital Twin, AI Generated Geometry

<p>This project focuses on digitizing the historic center of West Palm Beach, specifically Clematis Street, and synchronizing real-time<br>sensor data with a digital twin in NVIDIA’s Omniverse. Clematis Street is a vital commercial hub, bustling with pedestrian and vehicular activity 24/7. The team employed two photogrammetry methods: one utilizing point clouds and the other using Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs). Wireless sensors placed along the street gather real-time data on vehicular and pedestrian traffic. By uploading a digital twin of Clematis Street to Omniverse and syncing it with the sensor data, the project aims to create a detailed representation of both the geometry and the real-time conditions of the area. This model facilitates simulations that help identify trends and address shortcomings in urban planning and design. Ultimately, the goal is to propose and evaluate changes within the Omniverse environment before implementing them in the real world. Additionally, occupancy data from the sensors will drive light art installations that respond to and enhance the ambience created by the presence or absence of people, further enriching the communal experience. This innovative approach blends technology, urban planning, and art to improve and transform public spaces.</p>
Democratizing Decarbonization
Authors: Polanco Pino, Ymbar, Isabel Langlois-Romero, Cong, Shuchen, Pérez, Greses, El Gharamti, Berenice
Type: Conference paper
Published: 2026-02-05
Keywords: Decarbonization, Equity, Sustainability

<p>Urban decarbonization is essential to mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable cities, yet conventional approaches often prioritize technical efficiency over equity, cultural relevance, and community participation. This paper proposes a justice-oriented model for ethical urban decarbonization, informed by findings from a participatory pilot project in Aurora, Colorado—a city exemplifying the challenges and opportunities of advancing sustainability in diverse communities. Grounded in the frameworks of Design Justice, Funds of Knowledge (FOK), and Critical Hip-Hop Pedagogy (CHHP), the model reimagines decarbonization as an inclusive, communitydriven process. Using culturally resonant approaches to participatory workshops in the form of murals, spoken word, and music, the model fosters creative and collective engagement, amplifying voices of marginalized communities. These artistic outputs serve as tools for broader communication of decarbonization efforts, including social media campaigns, documentaries, and group discussions, facilitating reflection and collective action. Oral history archives complement this work by preserving the lived experiences of frontline communities to guide equitable and context-sensitive solutions. By aligning technical objectives with cultural and social imperatives, this model addresses systemic inequities and empowers frontline communities as cocreators of sustainable futures. It offers a replicable framework for equitable, inclusive, and impactful urban decarbonization, prioritizing justice and agency.</p>
Robotic 3D Printing of Recycled Wood
Authors: Calmanovici, Miran, Livne, Achiya, Barath, Shany
Type: Conference paper
Published: 2026-02-05
Keywords: 3D Wood Printing, Wood Waste, Mycelium Based-Composites, Bio-based Materials, Circular Construction

<p>This study addresses the potential circularity of wood waste in architecture through the development of a Recycled Wood and<br>Mycelium Mixture (RWMM) for use in Liquid Deposition Modeling (LDM) to produce sustainable, scalable architectural components. The research aims to optimize material formulations and assess the printability of a bio-based material for self-supporting models and mycelium growth. Local wood waste, specifically beech wood sourced from carpenters, was 3D printed using mycelium as a natural binder. In the first experiment, wood particles (1.6–2.0 mm) were combined with psyllium husk as a gelling agent and Ganoderma lucidum spawn to evaluate printability. The second experiment explored the use of unprocessed wood waste with particle sizes ranging from 1.0–30.0 mm for printing self-supporting cylindrical elements. The third experiment scaled up to a thermal block model, using a zig-zag toolpath to enhance surface area and promote mycelium growth. The results demonstrated the feasibility of large-scale RWMM printing, confirming its potential for sustainable construction. This research offers innovative solutions for integrating waste streams into additive manufacturing, contributing to the development of bio-based materials for architectural applications. </p>
Decarbonizing with Charcrete
Authors: Kirova, Nikol
Type: Conference paper
Published: 2026-02-05
Keywords: Biochar, Decarbonisation, Sustainable Concrete, Charcrete

<p>This paper investigates the decarbonisation potential of biochar when incorporated into cementitious composites (CharCretes).<br>Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced from the pyrolysis of organic waste, offers significant carbon-sequestering properties that vary depending on the biomass source, pyrolysis conditions, and posttreatment. A literature review identifies the biochars with the highest carbon sequestration potential, establishing them as optimal for use in CharCretes with negative embodied carbon. The study further explores the mechanical properties of biochar-infused composites, examining water content, density, compressive strength, and flexural strength to assess both structural and non-structural applications. The findings demonstrate that CharCretes, formulated with varying biochar concentrations, not only reduce embodied carbon but also exhibit notable changes in density and mechanical performance. By setting up a comprehensive framework for testing these properties, the research offers a pathway for integrating CharCrete into building practices, addressing both environmental sustainability and material performance. This work contributes to the understanding of biochar’s role in the construction sector's decarbonisation efforts and paves the way for future studies on its applications.</p>
Reassembling Paradise
Authors: Shivers, William
Type: Conference paper
Published: 2026-02-05
Keywords: Forestry, American Studies, Frontier Studies

<p>For the United States, its national security is directly linked to its natural security. The creation, expansion, and maintenance of the American landscape has been an exercise in cultivating abundance in force and material, both human and non-human. This paper explores the botanical recomposition enacted in Hawaii as part of what can be called the “American Biopolitical Project”. Understanding Hawaii through a series of bioresource booms, the paper presents a historiographical approach to historic and contemporary planting and forestry practices, and the tensions —human and nonhuman— in constructing an operable and consumable landscape. Three bioresource booms are explored in relation to ‘Ohi’a Lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha): the sugarcane plantation system, sandalwood erasure and eucalyptus mass planting, and the ongoing threats of Rapid ‘Ohi’a Death and ecosystem collapse. Each an example of biological and biophysical abundance, recycling material to satiate American capitalist needs. Further, the paper is interested in speculating abundance during an uncertain time where the most dominant forest species is at risk of collapse. Placed within a greater narrative of biological recomposition, the Hawaii of the 21st century,<br>and by extension the American landscape, must work towards new silvicultural assemblies in order to meet the demands of self-induced climate instability.</p>
Localizing Causal Signals for Spatial Relation Inversion: A Comparison Using GPT-2 & BLOOM
Authors: Kapopoulos, Orestis - Minas, Mylonaki, Danai, Blackwell, Robert, Cohn, Anthony George, Koubarakis, Manolis
Type: Conference paper
Published: 2026-07-31
Keywords: Mechanistic Interpretability, Spatial Reasoning, Large Language Models

<p>We use mechanistic interpretability to analyse how large language models perform a spatial reasoning task based on inverse cardinal direction relations. Specifically, we study how GPT-2-medium (in English) and BLOOM-1b1 (in both English and Portuguese) encode direction inversion statements; we observe consistent behavioural patterns that enable causal tracing of the underlying computations. We find that the relevant causal signals are concentrated in mid-to-late transformer layers, in<br>specific token positions and attention heads. These results provide initial evidence of shared internal processing structures for directional reasoning.</p>
Rural Regeneration Through Living Systems and Synthetic Ecologies
Authors: Guimarães, Laura, Marengo, Mathilde, Gallego, Ana, Labrozzi, Erpinio
Type: Conference paper
Published: 2026-02-05
Keywords: Rural Regeneration, Participatory Design, Living Systems, Land Art, Environmental Monitoring

<p>The paper discusses the integration of circular design in architecture and living systems towards a novel form of peri urban rural<br>regeneration for underused spaces, through the analysis of an intervention in the Parc Agrari del Baix Llobregat (Barcelona, Spain). The area is one of the pilot cases of the ReCITYing project, which addresses the dynamics between design and land art, and the potential of agricultural processes and their by-products in the creation of an installation that grows and transforms over time. In this sense, the installation does not merely exist as a static object, but becomes a dynamic ecosystem, disrupting the existing perspective of design – that usually leads to finished objects –, by opening its process and conceiving it as an evolving system. Materials planted in a collaborative process are transformed into bio-based architectural elements, which will be aggregated to form a land art installation, designed to embody the metabolic processes of nature. Through the analysis of this project and its monitoring, the paper discusses design practices and creative pathways to measure and integrate ecological thinking in the architectural practice by linking land art, synthetic ecologies and agroecological principles, and fostering regenerative living systems that foment community engagement.</p>