reapxdev/zenodo-scraper huggingface dataset:
Value of √𝟐 according to Śulvasūtra and Modern Calculation
Authors: Subham, Dr. Milan Barman
Type: Publication
Published: 2020
Keywords: √2 , Sulvasutra, Sulbasutra

<p>The Śulvasūtras, belonging to the Kalpa Vedāṅga, represent one of the earliest sources of mathematical and geometrical knowledge in ancient India. Among their remarkable contributions is an accurate approximation of the value of √2, developed primarily for the construction of Vedic sacrificial altars. This paper examines the method prescribed by Baudhāyana, Āpastamba, and Kātyāyana for calculating √2 and compares it with the modern mathematical value. Through textual analysis and geometric reconstruction, the study demonstrates how the Śulvasūtra formula, (1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4 \times 34}), yields an approximation accurate to five decimal places. The paper also discusses the refinement proposed by the commentator Rāma, whose improved expression achieves an accuracy of seven decimal places, closely matching the modern value of √2. The findings highlight the sophisticated mathematical reasoning of ancient Indian scholars and underscore the significant contribution of the Śulvasūtras to the history of geometry and numerical approximation. The study reaffirms that Vedic mathematical traditions possessed a highly advanced understanding of irrational quantities long before the development of modern computational methods.</p>
Polityka historyczna
Authors: Durka, Jarosław
Type: Book chapter
Published: 2020
Keywords: memory politics, politics of history, historical truth, collective memory, Polish historiography, Polish-German relations, Warsaw Rising Museum, national identity, academic freedom, polityka historyczna, prawda historyczna, pamięć zbiorowa, historiografia polska, relacje polsko-niemieckie, Muzeum Powstania Warszawskiego, tożsamość narodowa, wolność badań naukowych

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<div class="n6owBd awi2gc">This chapter presents a comparative analysis of the concept and evolution of memory politics within contemporary academic and public discourse. The author reconstructs the terminological origins of the phenomenon, referencing American, German, and Russian experiences. The primary focus of the paper is the specificity of the Polish debate on memory politics after 1989. The text contrasts the liberal viewpoint, which advocates for limiting state involvement in interpreting the past, with the concept of an offensive memory politics aimed at protecting the national interest and countering defamation, such as the phrase Polish concentration camps. Key turning points and case studies examined include the establishment of the Warsaw Rising Museum, the asymmetry of historical knowledge in Polish-German relations, and the challenges of school education. The author concludes that a mature memory politics must be anchored in factual truth, patriotism, and strict respect for academic freedom, serving as a tool for national identity consolidation while remaining entirely free of chauvinism.</div>
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