CECO Ontology and Supplementary Materials
Authors: Gomułka, Jakub, do Valle Miranda, Luiz, Kukulak, Szymon Piotr, Yaznevich, Victor
Type: Dataset
Published: 2026-07-12

<h1>Creators' Epistolary Collection Ontology (CECO)</h1>
<p>Creators' Epistolary Collection Ontology – CECO (ˈsɛkoʊ) – is an ontology designed for the purpose of creating representations of correspondence collections belonging to figures of cultural life, including writers, directors, composers, and scholars. It is grounded in CIDOC-CRM and designed to be used alongside LRMoo-based knowledge bases, whether as an epistolary extension to a collection of works structured with LRMoo, or as an independent knowledge base maintaining references to LRMoo-based resources.</p>
<h2>Structure</h2>
<h3>LRMoo elements used</h3>
<p><strong>Classes</strong></p>
<p>- `F1 Work` – a class grouping the mentioned works<br>- `F2 Expression` – a class grouping the mentioned particular versions of works (translations, cuts, etc.)<br>- `F3 Manifestation` – a class grouping the mentioned editions of works; superclass of `G31 Letter`<br>- `F30 Manifestation Creation` – superclass of `G301 Letter Creation`<br>- `F5 Item` – superclass of `G51 Letter Hard Copy` and `G52 Letter Digital Copy`</p>
<p><strong>Properties</strong></p>
<p>- `R7 exemplifies` – superproperty of `S71 is hard copy of` and `S72 is scan of`<br>- `R24 created` – `G301 Letter Creation` created `G31 Letter`<br>- `R70 has dimension` – `G31 Letter` has a dimension (number of pages) `E54 Dimension`<br>- `R71i is part of` – `G31 Letter` is part of a publication – a collection, journal, or larger text – that is, an instance of `F3 Manifestation` (applies to published letters)</p>
<h3>CIDOC-CRM elements used</h3>
<p><strong>Classes</strong></p>
<p>- `E21 Person` – a class grouping letter authors, mentioned persons, and also the superclass of `G211 Fictional Person`<br>- `E28 Conceptual Object` – superclass of `G281 CECO Concept`<br>- `E33 Linguistic Object` – superclass of `G31 Letter`<br>- `E34 Inscription` – a class grouping comments on `G31 Letter`<br>- `E35 Title` – a class grouping titles of `G31 Letter`<br>- `E39 Actor` – a class grouping addressees of `G31 Letter`<br>- `E42 Identifier` – a class grouping catalogue IDs of `G31 Letter` objects, as well as references to Geonames, Wikidata, etc. for `E21 Person` and `E53 Place` objects<br>- `E52 Time Span` – a class indicating the date for `G301 Letter Creation`<br>- `E53 Place` – a class grouping places of creation (places of `G301 Letter Creation`), mentioned places, and also the superclass of `G531 Non-Geonames Place` and `G532 Fictional Place`<br>- `E54 Dimension` – a class indicating the extent of a letter<br>- `E55 Type` – a class indicating the type of identifier, and also the superclass of three classes: `G551 Writing Type`, `G552 Physical Form`, `G553 Published`<br>- `E56 Language` – a class grouping the primary and secondary languages of letters<br>- `E60 Number` – a class grouping the numbers of pages in letters<br>- `E65 Creation` – superclass of `F30 Manifestation Creation`<br>- `E74 Group` – a class grouping mentioned organisations and institutions; superclass of `G741 Fictional Group`</p>
<p><strong>Properties</strong></p>
<p>- `P1 is identified by` – `G31 Letter`, `G51 Letter Hard Copy`, `G52 Letter Digital Copy` have accession marks `E42 Identifier`<br>- `P2 has type` – `E42 Identifier` belongs to `E55 Type` (`Catalog ID`, `Wikidata ID`, `Geonames ID`), and is also the superproperty of `S21 has writing type`, `S22 has form`, and `S23 published`<br>- `P3 has note` – `G31 Letter` has an assigned comment `E34 Inscription`<br>- `P4 has time-span` – `G301 Letter Creation Event` has an assigned time-span `E52 Time-Span`<br>- `P7 took place at` – `G301 Letter Creation` took place at `E53 Place`<br>- `P11 had participant` – superproperty of `S111 has addressee`<br>- `P14 carried out by` – `E65 Creation` has an assigned producing agent `E39 Actor`; in particular, `G301 Letter Creation` has an assigned author in class `E21 Person`<br>- `P55 has current location` – `G51 Letter Hard Copy` is kept at `E53 Place`<br>- `P67 refers to` – superproperty of `S671 refers to concept` and `S672 is answer to`<br>- `P72 has language` – superproperty of `S721 has primary language` and `S722 has secondary language`<br>- `P90 has value` – `E54 Dimension` has a value in `E60 Number`<br>- `P102 has title` – `G31 Letter` has a title in `E35 Title`<br>- `P129 is about` – `G31 Letter` has assigned mentioned `E21 Person`, `E74 Group`, `E53 Place`, `F1 Work`, `F2 Expression`, and `F3 Manifestation`</p>
<h3>Original elements (for more information, see <a href="http://lkg.org.pl/ceco/widoco/">http://lkg.org.pl/ceco/widoco/</a>)</h3>
<p><strong>Classes</strong></p>
<p>- `G31 Letter` – the main class of the ontology grouping letters; subclass of `F3 Manifestation` and at the same time `E33 Linguistic Object`<br>- `G51 Letter Hard Copy` – a class grouping physical letter objects; subclass of `F5 Item`<br>- `G52 Letter Digital Copy` – a class grouping files of digitised letters; subclass of `F5 Item`<br>- `G301 Letter Creation` – a class grouping letter creation processes; subclass of `F30 Manifestation Creation`<br>- `G281 CECO Concept` – a class constituting the main class in the hierarchy of classes grouping concepts; subclass of `E28 Conceptual Object`<br>- `G551 Writing Type` – a class grouping the writing type in a letter (with values: `Typescript`, `Handwriting`, `Type-handwriting`, and `Electronic`); subclass of `E55 Type`<br>- `G552 Physical Form` – a class grouping the characteristics of letter objects (with values: `Original`, `Carbon copy`, `Original scan`, and `Copy scan`); subclass of `E55 Type`<br>- `G553 Published` – a class grouping the publication status of letters (with values: `Yes`, `No`, `Partly`, and `To check`); subclass of `E55 Type`<br>- `G211 Fictional Person` – a class grouping fictional characters (mentioned in letters); subclass of `E21 Person`<br>- `G741 Fictional Group` – a class grouping fictional organisations and institutions (mentioned in letters); subclass of `E74 Group`<br>- `G531 Non-Geonames Place` – a class grouping real locations that do not have counterparts in _Geonames_ (places where letters were written); subclass of `E53 Place`<br>- `G532 Fictional Place` – a class grouping fictional locations (mentioned in letters); subclass of `E53 Place`</p>
<p><strong>Properties (all introduced properties have a corresponding inverse property)</strong></p>
<p>- `S21 has writing type` – `G31 Letter` has an assigned writing type `G551 Writing Type`; subproperty of `P2 has type`<br>- `S22 has form` – `G31 Letter` has an assigned characteristic `G552 Physical Form`; subproperty of `P2 has type`<br>- `S23 published` – `G31 Letter` has an assigned publication status `G553 Published`; subproperty of `P2 has type`<br>- `S671 refers to concept` – `G31 Letter` has an assigned concept mentioned in the letter `G281 CECO Cocept`; subproperty of `P67 refers to`<br>- `S672 is answer to` – `G31 Letter` is an answer to another `G31 Letter`; subproperty of `P67 refers to`<br>- `S111 has addressee` – `G301 Letter Creation` has an assigned addressee of the letter `E39 Actor`; subproperty of `P11 had participant`<br>- `S721 has primary language` – `G31 Letter` is written primarily in `E56 Language` (one-to-one property); subproperty of `P72 has language`<br>- `S722 has secondary language` – `G31 Letter` has passages written in `E56 Language` (one-to-many property); subproperty of `P72 has language`<br>- `S71 is hard copy of` – `G51 Letter Hard Copy` is a material copy of `G31 Letter`; subproperty of `R7 exemplifies`<br>- `S72 is scan of` – `G52 Letter Digital Copy` is a file (scan) of `G31 Letter`; subproperty of `R7 exemplifies`</p>