COMMISSION REGULATION (EEC) No 4261/88 of 16 December 1988 on the complaints, applications and hearings provided for in Council Regulation (EEC) No 3975/87 laying down the procedure for the application of the rules on competition to undertakings  in the air transport sector
THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community,
Having regard to Council Regulation (EEC) No 3975/87 of 14 December 1987 laying down the procedure for the application of the rules on competition to undertakings in the air transport sector (1), and in particular Article 19 thereof,
Having regard to the opinion of the Advisory Committee on Agreements and Dominant Positions in Air Transport,
Whereas, pursuant to Article 19 of Regulation (EEC) No 3975/87, the Commission is empowered to adopt implementing provisions concerning the form, content and other details of complaints pursuant to Article 3 (1) and of applications pursuant to Article 3  (2) and 5 and the hearings provided for in Article 16 (1) and (2) of that Regulation;
Whereas complaints pursuant to Article 3 (1) of Regulation (EEC) No 3975/87 may make it easier for the Commission to take aktion for infringement of Articles 85 and 86 of the EEC Treaty in the field of air transport; whereas it would consequently seem  appropriate to make the procedure for submitting complaints as simple as possible; whereas it is appropriate, therefore, to provide for complaints to be submitted in one written copy, the form, content und details being left to the discretion of the  complainants;
Whereas the submission of the applications pursuant to Article 3 (2) and 5 of Regulation (EEC) No 3975/87 may have important legal consequences for each undertaking which is a party to an agreement, decision or concerted practice; whereas each  undertaking should, therefore, have the right to submit such applications to the Commission; whereas, on the other hand, if an undertaking makes use of that right, it must so inform the other undertakings which are parties to the agreement, decision or  concerted practice, in order that they may protect their interests;
Whereas it is for the undertakings and associations of undertakings to inform the Commission of the facts and circumstances in support of the applications submitted in accordance with Articles 3 (2) and 5 of Regulation (EEC) No 3975/87;
Whereas it is desirable to prescribe that forms be used for applications in order, in the interest of all concerned, to simplify and expedite examination thereof by the competent departments;
whereas in most cases the Commission will in the course of the procedure for the hearings provided for in Article 16 (1) and (2) of Council Regulation (EEC) No 3975/87 already be in close touch with the participating undertakings or associations of  undertakings and they will accordingly have the opportunity of making known their views regarding the objections raised against them;
Whereas in accordance with Article 16 (1) und (2) of Regulation (EEC) No 3975/87 and with the rights of the defence, the undertakings and associations of undertakings concerned must have the right on conclusion of the procedure to submit their comments  on the whole of the objections raised against them which the Commission proposes to deal with in its decisions;
Whereas persons other than the undertakings or associations of undertakings which are involved in the procedure may have an interest in being heard; whereas, by the second sentence of Article 16 (2) of Regulation (EEC) No 3975/87, such persons must have  the opportunity of being heard if they apply and show that they have a sufficient interest;
Whereas it is desirable to enable persons who pursuant to Article 3 (1) of Regulation (EEC) No 3975/87 have lodged a complaint to submit their comments where the Commission considers that on the basis of the information in its possession there are  insufficient grounds for action;
Whereas the various persons entitled to submit comments must do so in writing, both in their own interest and in the interest of good administration, without prejudice to an oral procedure where appropriate to supplement the written procedure;
Whereas it is necessary to define the rights of persons who are to be heard, and in particular the conditions upon which they may be represented or assisted and the setting and calculation of time limits;
Whereas the Advisory Committee on Restrictive Practices and Dominant Positions in Air Transport delivers its opinion on the basis of a preliminary draft decision; whereas it must therefore be consulted concerning a case after the inquiry in that case  has been completed; whereas such consultation does not prevent the Commission from re-opening an inquiry if need be,
SECTION I COMPLAINTS AND APPLICATIONS Article 1  Complaints 1. Complaints pursuant to Article 3 (1) of Regulation (EEC) No 3975/87 shall be submitted in writing in one of the official languages of the Community, their form, content and other details being left to the discretion of complainants.
2. Complaints may be submitted by:
(a) Member States (b) natural or legal persons who claim a legitimate interest.
3. When representatives of undertakings, of associations of undertakings, or of natural or legal persons sign such complaints, they shall produce written proof that they are autorized to act.
Persons entitled to submit applications 1. Any undertaking which is party to agreements, decisions or practices of the kind described in Articles 85 (1) and 86 of the Treaty may submit an application under Articles 3 (2) and 5 of Regulation (EEC) No 3975/87. Where the application is submitted  by some but not all of the undertakings concerned, they shall give notice to the others.
2. Where applications under Article 3 (2) and 5 of Regulation (EEC) No 3975/87 are signed by representatives of undertakings, of associations of undertakings, or of natural or legal persons, such representatives shall produce written proof that they are  authorized to act.
3. Where a joint application is submitted, a joint representative shall be appointed.
Submission of applications 1. Applications pursuant to Articles 3 (2) and 5 of Regulation (EEC) No 3975/87 shall be submitted on Form AER shown in Annex I.
2. Several participating undertakings may submit an application on a single form.
3. Applications shall contain the information requested in the form.
4. Fourteen copies of each application and of the supporting documents shall be submitted to the Commission.
5. The supporting documents shall be either originals or copies. Copies must be certified as true copies of the original.
6. Applications shall be in one of the official languages of the Community. Supporting documents shall be submitted in their original language. Where the original language is not one of the official languages, a translation in one of the official  languages shall be attached.
7. The date of submission of an application shall be the date on which it is received by the Commission. Where, however, the application is sent by registered post, it shall be deemed to have been received on the date shown on the postmark of the place  of posting.
8. Where an application submitted pursuant to Articles 3 (2) and 5 of Regulation (EEC) No 3975/87 falls outside the scope of that Regulation, the Commission shall without delay inform the applicant that it intends to examine the application under the  provisions of such other Regulation as is applicable to the case; however, the date of submission of the application shall be the date resulting from paragraph 7. The Commission shall inform the applicant of its reasons and fix a period for him to  submit any comments in writing before it conducts its appraisal pursuant to the provisions of that other Regulation. SECTION II HEARINGS Article 4  Before consulting the Advisory Committee on Agreements and Dominant Positions in Air Transport, the Commission shall hold a hearing pursuant to Article 16 (1) of Regulation (EEC) No 3975/87.
1. The Commission shall inform undertakings and associations of undertakings in writing of the objections raised against them. The communication shall be addressed to each of them or to a joint agent appointed by them.
2. The Commission may inform the parties by giving notice in the Official Journal of the European Communities, if from the circumstances of the case this appears appropriate, in particular where notice is to be given to a number of undertakings but no  joint agent has been appointed. The notice shall have regard to the legitimate interest of the undertakings in the protection of their business secrets.
3. A fine or a periodic penalty payment may be imposed on an undertaking or association of undertakings only if the objections were notified in the manner provided for in paragraph 1.
4. The Commission shall, when giving notice of objections, fix a period within which the undertakings and associations of undertakings may inform the Commission of their views.
1. Undertakings and associations of undertakings shall, within the appointed period, make known in writing their views concerning the objections raised against them.
2. They may in their written comments set out all matters relevant to their defence.
3. They may attach any relevant documents in proof of the facts set out. They may also propose that the Commission hear persons who may corroborate those facts.
The Commission shall in its decision deal only with those objections raised against undertakings and associations of undertakings in respect of which they have been afforded the opportunity of making known their views.
If natural of legal persons showing a sufficient interest apply to be heard pursuant of Article 16 (2) of Regulation (EEC) No 3975/87 the Commission shall afford them the opportunity of making known their views in writing within such period as it shall  fix.
Where the Commission, having received a complaint pursuant to Article 3 (1) of Regulation (EEC) No 3975/87 considers that on the basis of the information in its possession there are insufficient grounds for acting on the complaint, it shall inform the  persons who submitted the complaint of its reasons and fix a period for them to submit any further comments in writing.
0  1. The Commission shall afford to persons who have so requested in their written comments the opportunity to put forward their arguments orally, if those persons show a sufficient interest or if the Commission proposes to impose on them a fine or  periodic penalty payment.
2. The Commission may likewise afford to any other person the opportunity of orally expressing his views.
1  1. The Commission shall summon the person to be heard to attend on such date as it shall appoint.
2. It shall forthwith transmit a copy of the summons to the competent authorities of the Member States, who may appoint an official to take part in the hearing.
2  1. Hearings shall be conducted by the persons appointed by the Commission for that purpose.
2. Persons summoned to attend shall either appear in person or be represented by legal representatives or by representatives authorized by their constitution. Undertakings and associations of undertakings may moreover be represented by a duly authorized  agent appointed from among their permanent staff.
Persons heard by the Commission may be assisted by lawyers or university teachers who are entitled to plead before the Court of Justice of the European Communities in accordance with Article 17 of the Protocol on the Statute of the Court, or by other  qualified persons.
3. Hearings shall not be public. Persons shall be heard separately or in the presence of other persons summoned to attend. In the latter case, regard shall be had to the legitimate interest of the undertakings in the protection of their business  secrets.
4. The essential content of the statements made by each person heard shall be recorded in minutes which shall be read and approved by him.
3  Without prejudice to Article 5 (2), information and summonses from the Commission shall be sent to the addresses by registered letter with acknowledgement of receipt, or shall be delivered by hand against receipt.
4  1. In fixing the periods provided for in Articles 3 (8), 5, 8 and 9, the Commission shall have regard both to the time required for preparation of comments and to the urgency of the case. A period shall be not less than two weeks; it may be extended.
2. Periods shall run from the day following receipt of a communication or delivery thereof by hand.
3. Written comments must reach the Commission or be dispatched by registered letter before expiry of the period. Where the period would expire on a Sunday or a public holiday, it shall be extended up to the end of the next following working day. For the  purpose of calculating the extension, public holidays shall, in cases where the relevant date is the date of receipt of written comments, be those set out in Annex II to this Regulation, and in cases where the relevant date is the date of dispatch,  those appointed by law in the country of dispatch.
5  This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.