Summarize the following court judgment. ition No. 3050 of 1980. (Under Article 32 of the Constitution) A. section Sohal and M. C. Dhingra for the Petitioner. M. M. Abdul Khader	 N. Nettar and M. N. Shroff for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by KRISHNA IYER	 J. Who will police the police ? Is freedom of movement unreasonably fettered if policemen are given power of externment for public peace? These twin problems of disturbing import	 thrown up by this bizarre case	 deserve serious examination. The former is as important as the latter	 especially when we view it in the strange police setting painted by the petitioner. The constitutional question	 which we will state presently and discuss briefly	 has become largely otiose so far as the present petitioner is concerned because counsel for the State has assured the court that they will drop police surveillance or any action by way of externment as proposed earlier. The police methodology	 with sinister potential to human liberty described by the petitioner	 if true	 deserves strong disapproval and constitutional counter action by this Court. But before committing ourselves to any course	 we must set out the factual matrix from which the present case springs. The statutory starting point of the criminal saga of Shri Prem Chand Paniwala	 the petitioner	 now threatened with externment proceedings	 is the . Sections 47 and 50 of the said Act clothe the Commissioner of Police with externment powers necessary for keeping the capital city crime free. One such power relates to the removal of persons about to commit offences. The procedural prescriptions and substantive directions	 in this behalf	 are laid down in the above provisions. The Deputy Commissioner of Police (the DCP for short) in exercise of the said power	 1264 initiated proceedings against the petitioner and directed him to show cause why he should not be externed from the Union Territory of Delhi. Paniwala who	 from humble beginning as vendor of aerated water near a cinema theatre	 had spiralled up into a prosperous dealer in Vasant Vihar	 when confronted by this Police notice	 decided upon a constitutional show down and came to this Court challenging the vires of the externment proceedings as arbitrary and unreasonable restrictions of his freedom of movement and	 therefore	 contrary to articles 14 and 19 and 21 of the Constitution. The validity of the action	 assuming the vires of the Act	 involves also a consideration of the mala fides imputed by the petitioner to the DCP. The blow of deportation may fall heavy on his fundamental rights admits of no doubt. A flourishing businessman	 happy with his wife and children	 and settled in a comfortable locality in Delhi	 if transported traumatically outside the Union Territory would surely suffer not merely financial mayhem	 but also social	 domestic and physical deprivation virtually amounting to economic harakiri an psychic distress. Nevertheless	 the Act permits externment	 provided the action is bona fide. All power	 including police power	 must be informed by fairness if it is to survive judicial scrutiny. Cases are legion which leave one ill no doubt that mala fides is fatal	 if it is made out. From this angle	 Prem Chand Paniwala has turned the focus on police malpractice vis a vis his own career; and even if a fragment of what he has said be true	 the higher officers of the Delhi Police will need to look into the goings on at the lower level. Here comes the relevance of autobiographical revelations made by the petitioner in more than one affidavit. Certain facts emerge as fairly probable from the affidavits of both sides. Prem Chand made a living as a paniwala or vendor of soft drinks near Delite Cinema even as a teenager	 which shows that he had very poor beginnings. How did he fall into the thraldom of the local police? He explains it in his affidavit: "He had a few mobile carts which were used for refrigerating water. These carts used to be parked by the petitioner on the road side due to the indulgence of the police. He was in his teens when he started his avocation and continued for a very long time. Thus	 he acquired an alias i.e. Prem Chand Paniwala. Due to close association with Police and their connivance and indulgence	 the petitioner thrived. In this process	 the petitioner became a prey and pawn in the hands of the police. He was persuaded to be their perpetual stooge and stock witness. 1265 The Petitioner in the year 1965	 when he was 25 years old was involved in a gambling case by the police and to mould him a permanent stock witness and lest he should be militant to defy them. Despite his hesitation and unwillingness he was forced to become a permanent pawn of the police. This is how	 the petitioner landed himself in the web of the police; he had no alternative than to be like that as his livelihood was dependent upon the mercy and indulgence of the police". The version of the petitioner is that once he yielded to the pressure of the Police to give false testimony disclosing a rubberised conscience and unveracious readiness to forswear himself	 there was escalation of demands upon him and he became a regular pedlar of perjury "on police service". Indeed	 counsel for the petitioner argued that his client was a 'stock witness ' because he had to keep the Police in good humour and obliged them with tailored testimony in around 3	000 cases because the alternative was police wrath. We were flabbergasted at this bizarre confession but to lend credence to his assertion counsel produced a Few hundred summonses where the petitioner was cited as a witness. Were he not omnipresent how could he testify in so many cases save by a versatile genius for loyal unveracity? For sure	 the consternation of the community at this flood of perjury will shake its faith in the veracity of Police investigation and the validity of the judicial verdict. We have no doubt that the petitioner	 who has given particulars of a large number of cases where he had been cited as witness	 is speaking the truth even assuming that 3	000 cases may be an exaggeration. In Justice	 Justices and Justicing and likewise in the Police and Policing	 the peril to the judicial process is best left to imagination if professional perjurers like the self confessed Paniwala are kept captive by the Police	 to P be pressed into service for proving "cases". Courts	 trusting the Police may act on apparently veracious testimony and sentence people into prison. The community	 satisfied with such convictions	 may well believe that all is well with law and order. We condemn	 in the strongest terms	 the systematic pollution of the judicial process and the consequent threat to human rights of innocent persons. We hope that the higher authorities in the Department who	 apparently	 are not aware of the nefarious goings on at the lesser levels will immediately take measures to stamp out this unscrupulous menace. The reason why the petitioner has divulged his role as professional perjurer for the Police is simple and credible	 at this price	 the favours of the Police who allowed him to carry on his soft drinks business on the public street near a cinema house	 not otherwise 1266 permissible under the law. The Police blinked at the breach	 the petitioner made good profits and by this mutual benefit pact	 the prosecution got readymade evidence and Paniwala joined the nouveu riche. He became respectable when he became rich and when he became respectable he became reluctant to play 'stock witness '. For "the more things a man is ashamed of the more respectable he is" (Bernard Shaw). Whenever he resisted the demand for giving false evidence the Police implicated him in some case or other and when he yielded	 the case was allowed to lapse. Indeed	 it is surprising that the petitioner himself admits that he was "dubbed as a stock witness and often disbelieved by the courts. Despite severe strictures passed by the courts	 the Police did not give him up. " Various details are furnished by the petitioner about his deposing on prosecutions for the survival of his business. In the bargain	 the petitioner acquired two houses in important localities and built up a lucrative fruit juice business. There are more uncomplimentary revelations made in the petition but we do not think it necessary to set them out. However	 the crisis came when he declined to oblige with perjury since he felt his wealthy station in life and the character building stage of his children warranted giving up the profession of stock witness. The Police avenged themselves by initiating externment which would inflict mortal economic injury	 if carried out. This version of the petitioner has been	 in a way	 denied. It is also true that the Assistant Commissioner	 in his affidavit in reply	 has indicated that witnesses have been examined in support and in opposition of the allegations justifying externment and a final order has been made by the DCP directing the petitioner "to show good conduct for a period of three months only". It is also stated that the witnesses were examined in camera	 that the DCP had consideration for the materials placed before him "including education of his children etc. and the assurance given by him". An intelligent reading of the affidavit of the Assistant Commissioner	 along with the vagueness in his denials regarding material particulars in the petitioner 's affidavits	 leave us in grave doubt about the validity of the Police proceedings. It is significant to notice that among the allegations against the petitioner are such vague statements as your activities in the area of Police Station Connaught Place and other area adjoining to the Police Station Connaught Place are causing and are calculated to cause harm	 alarm and danger to the residents of the said localities and areas. While we do not delve into details	 it is useful to mention that the Police allegations are again vague in respect of the remaining imputations namely: 1267 "That you keep knife with you for unlawful purpose and threaten the persons residing in the area with dire consequences and further deter them from making report to police. That you have engaged yourself in commission of offences against person and property attended with force and violence for which the following cases were registered against you by the Police. ". The petitioner 's reply affidavit makes startling disclosures about the police methods of implicating innocent people. However	 the version of the petitioner can hardly be swallowed since he is a self confessed perjurer. Nevertheless	 it is not too much to ask Government to take effective measures to prevent Police methods straying into vice. We hopefully remind the State about what Justice Brandieis once observed : "Crime is contagious. If the government becomes a law breaker	 it breeds contempt for law." . "TO declare that in the administration of the criminal law the end justifies the means to declare that the government may commit crimes in order to secure the conviction of a private criminal would bring terrible retribution. Against that pernicious doctrine this court must resolutely set its face. " In the same American decision we have just mentioned Justice Holmes observed; "We have to choose	 and for my part I think it a less evil that some criminals should escape than that the Government should play an ignoble part. " The provisions of the statute ostensibly have a benign purpose and in the context of escalation of crime	 may be restrictions which	 in normal times might appear unreasonable	 may have to be clamped down on individuals. We are conscious of the difficulties of detection and proof and the strain on the police in tracking down criminals. But fundamental rights are fundamental and personal liberty cannot be put at the mercy of the Police. Therefore	 Ss. 47 and 50 have to be read strictly. Any police apprehension is not enough. Some ground or other is not adequate. There must be a clear and present danger based upon credible material which makes the movements and acts of the person in question alarming or dangerous or fraught with violence. Likewise	 there must be sufficient reason to believe that the person proceeded against is so desperate and dangerous that his mere presence in Delhi or any part thereof is hazardous to the community and its safety. We are clear that the easy possibility 1268 of abuse of this power to the detriment of the fundamental freedoms of the citizen persuades us to insist that a stringent test must be applied. We are further clear that natural justice must be fairly complied with and vague allegations and secret hearings are gross violations of article 14	 19 and 21 of the Constitution as expounded by this Court in Maneka Gandhi. We do not go deep into this question for two reasons: there is another petition where the constitutionality of these identical provisions is in issue. Secondly	 the counsel for the State has fairly conceded that no action will now be taken even by way of surveillance against the petitioner. In an age when electronic surveillance and mid night rappings at the door of ordinary citizens remind us of despotic omens	 we have to look at the problem as fraught with peril to constitutional values and not with lexical Laxity or literal liberality. Having made these observations	 we leave the question of vires open for final investigation	 if necessary	 in other cases pending before this Court. We think counsel for the State was right in representing that no further action would be taken against the petitioner. We dispose of the petition as calling no longer for directions but emphasise the need of the State to issue clear orders to the Police Department to free the processes of investigation and prosecution from the contamination of concoction through the expediency of stockpiling of stock witnesses. To police persons who get rich quick by methods not easily or licitly understandable	 is perhaps a social service. Among the list of wanted persons must be not only the poor suspects but the dubious rich. To keep an eye on their activities without close shadowing and surveillance may	 perhaps	 lead to criminal discoveries	 if they are not too influential for the police. By this judgment what we mean is not to tell the Police to fold up their hands and remain inactive when anti social elements suddenly grow in wealth but to be activist and intelligent enough to track down those who hold the nation 's health	 wealth	 peace and security in jeopardy. The only insistence is that the means must also be as good as the ends. P.B.R. Petition allowed.

Exercising power under sections 47 and SO of the (which clothe the Commissioner of Police with externment powers for keeping the capital city free of crime) the Deputy Commissioner of Police Delhi directed the appellant to show cause why he should not be externed from the Union Territory of Delhi. The allegations against him were that his activities in the area of police station Connaught Place and the areas adjoining the police station were causing and were calculated to cause harm	 alarm and danger to the residents of the said localities and areas that he kept a knife with him for unlawful purposes and threatened residents of that area with dire consequences and deterred them from reporting to the police and that he had engaged himself in the commission of offences against persons and property with force and violence. In his petition under Article 32 of the Constitution challenging the vires of the externment proceedings as arbitrary and unreasonable restrictions on his freedom of movement	 the petitioner stated that over the past 25 years with the indulgence of the local police he used to park his mobile refrigerated water carts on the road side in front of a cinema theatre in Delhi and that in return for the indulgence shown to him by the police and to keep them in good humour he yielded to their pressure and gave false testimony in as many as 3000 cases. Even though Courts had dubbed him as a stock witness and passed severe strictures and disbelieved his testimony	 the police did not give him up; that he had to continue to act as a tool in their hands for the survival of his business and that lately when he declined to oblige them because he felt that his wealthy station in life and the character building stage of his children warranted giving up the profession of stock witness	 the police avenged themselves by threatening externment which would inflict mortal economic injury to him if the threat was carried out. The Assistant Commissioner of Police in reply had stated that before the externment order was passed witnesses had been examined in camera in support and in opposition of the allegations justifying externment and that on a consideration of the materials placed before the Deputy Commissioner of Police	 including the education of his children and the assurance given by the petitioner	 final order had been passed directing him to show good conduct for a period of 3 months. Allowing the petition	 ^ HELD: The permits externment provided the action is bona fide. All power	 including police power	 must be informed by fairness	 if it is to survice judicial scrutiny. Mala fides is fatal if it is made out. [1164 D E] 1263 Sections 47 and 50 of the Act have to be read strictly; any police apprehension is not enough; some ground or other is not adequate; there must be a clear and present danger based upon credible material which makes the movements and acts of the person in question alarming or dangerous or fraught with violence. Like wise there must be sufficient reason to believe that the person proceeded against is so dangerous that his mere presence in Delhi or any part thereof is hazardous to the community and its safety. A stringent test must be applied by Courts in order that this power is not abused to the detriment of the citizen Natural justice must be fairly complied with and vague allegations such as those levelled against the petitioner and secret hearings are gross violations of Articles 14	 19 and 21. [1267 G H