Summarize the following court judgment. Writ Petition No. 146 of 1979 (Under Article 32 of the Constitution) R. Jethmalani and Mrs. K. Hingorani for the Petitioner. U. R. Lalit. J. L. Jain and M. N. Shroff for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by BHAGWATI	 J. 	 This petition is directed against the validity of an order of detention dated 31st November	 1978 made by the first respondent who is the Secretary to the Government of Maharashtra	 Home Department in exercise of the power conferred under sub section (I) of section 3 of the (hereinafter referred to as the Act). The petitioner has urged several grounds before us but it is not necessary to refer to theme since there is one ground which is in our opinion sufficient to dispose of the petition in favour of the petitioner. To appreciate this ground	 it is necessary to state a few facts. On 13th November	 1978	 an order was made by the 1st respondent in exercise of the power conferred on him under sub section (1) old section 3 of the Act directing the detention of the petitioner. Pursuant to the order of detention	 the petitioner was arrested and he was immediately served with the grounds of detention which were embodied in a communication dated 13th November	 1978 addressed by the 1st respondent to the petitioner. The grounds of detention were quite elaborate and they alleged various smuggling activities against the petitioner and several statements and documents were referred to and relied upon in support of those allegations. The petitioner	 by his 1009 advocate 's letter dated 25th November	 1978	 requested the 1st respondent to furnish copies of the statements and documents referred to and relied upon in the grounds of detention and stated that he required the same for the purpose of enabling him to make a representation against the order of detention. It seems that a copy of this letter was also sent by the petitioner to the Collector of Customs. The Assistant Secretary to the Government of Maharashtra	 Home Department	 informed the petitioner 's advocate by his letter dated 27th November	 1978 that copies of the relevant documents and statements required by the petitioner for the purpose of making a representation against the order of detention may be obtained from the Collector of Customs. The petitioner thereupon addressed his advocate 's letter dated 2nd December	 1978 to the Collector of Customs requesting him Lo furnish copies of the relevant documents and statements. The Assistant Collector of Customs	 however	 replied by his letter dated 6th December	 1978 stating that copies of the relevant documents and statements would be supplied after a show cause notice under the Customs Act	 1926 was issued to the petitioner. The petitioner was thus unable to get copies of the relevant documents and statements from the Collector of Customs. The petitioner obviously could not wait for making a representation since the period of thirty days within which a representation must be made was expiring and he	 therefore	 sent a representation dated 4/9th December	 1978 to the Home Secretary and it was received by the Home Department on 12th December 1978. The Asstt. Secretary	 Home Department	 by his letter dated 22nd December	 1978	 acknowledged that the representation of the petitioner was received on 12th December	 1978 and intimated that the issue regarding the supply of copies of relevant documents and statements to the petitioner was under consideration of the Government and after this issue was decided	 the representation of the petitioner would be considered and a suitable reply would be given. Now it appears from the affidavit in reply filed by the 1st respondent that the case of the petitioner was in the meanwhile referred to the Advisory Board and since the meeting the Advisory Board was fixed on 20th December	 1978	 the representation of the petitioner was forwarded to the Advisory Board for its consideration. The Advisory Board reported to the 1st respondent that in its opinion there was sufficient cause for the detenion of the petitioner and this report was received by the 1st respondent on 6th January	 1979. The 1st respondent	 after considering the report of the Advisory Board made an order dated 15th January	 1979 confirming the detention of the petitioner. 1010 The petitioner on these facts contended that the order confirming the detention of the petitioner was passed by the 1st respondent without considering the representation of the petitioner and the. detention of the petitioner was	 therefore	 unlawful as being in con travention of Article 22(S) of the Constitution. This contention has in our opinion great force and it must result in invalidation of the detention of the petitioner. It is now settled law that the power to preventively detain a person cannot be exercised except in accordance with the constitutional safegudards provided in clauses (4) and (S) of Article 22 and if any order of detention is made in violation of such safeguards	 it would be liable to be struck down as invalid. It is immaterial whether these constitutional safeguards are incorporated rated in the law authorising preventive detention	 because even if they are not	 they would be deemed to be part of the law as a super imposition of the Constitution which is the supreme law of the land and they must be obeyed on pain of invalidation of the order of detention. The 1st respondent was	 therefore	 bound to observe these constitutional safeguards provided inter alia in clauses (4) and (5) of Article 22 in detaining the petitioner. We are concerned in this case only with a complaint of violation of the provisions of clause (5) of Article 22 and that clause reads as follows: "When any person is detained in pursuance of an order made under any law providing for preventive detention	 the authority making the order shall	 as soon as may be	 com municate to such person the grounds on which the order has been made and shall afford him the earliest opportunity of making a representation against the order. " This Court explained the true meaning and import of this clause in Khudiram Das vs The State of West Bengal(l): "The constitutional imperatives enacted in this article are twofold: (1) the detaining authority must	 as soon as may be	 that is	 as soon as practicable after the detention	 com municate to the detenu the grounds on which the order of detention has been made	 and (2) the detaining authority must afford the detenu the earliest opportunity of making a representation against the order of detention. These are the barest minimum safeguards which must be observed before an executive authority can be permitted to preventively detain a person and thereby drown his right of personal liberty in the name of public good and social security. (1) A. I. R. 1975 section C. 550 1011 It will	 therefore	 be seen that one of the basic requirements of clause (5) of Article 22 is that the authority making the order of detention must afford the detenu the earliest opportunity of making a representation against the order of detention. Now this requirement would become illusory unless there is a corresponding obligation on the detaining authority to consider the representation of the detenu as early as possible. It could never have been the intention of the constitution makers that the detenu should be given the earliest opportunity of making a representation against the order of detention but the detaining authority should be free not to consider the representation before confirming the order of detention. That would render the safeguard enacted by he constitution makers meaningless and futile. There can	 therefore	 be no doubt that the constitutional imperative enacted in clause (S) of article 22 requiring the earliest opportunity to be afforded to the detenu to make a representation carries with it by necessary implication a constitutional obligation on the detaining authority to consider the representation as early as possible before making an order confirming the detention. The detaining authority must consider the representation of the detenu and come to its own conclusion whether it is necessary to detain him. If the detaining authority takes the view	 on considering the representation of the detenu	 that it is not necessary to detain him	 it would be wholly unnecessary for it to place the case of the detenu before the Advisory Board. The requirement of obtaining opinion E; of the Advisory Board is an additional safeguard over and above the safeguard afforded to the	 detenu of Making a representation against the order of detention. The opinion of the Advisory Board even if given after consideration of the representation is no substitute for the consideration of the representation by the detaining authority. This Court pointed out in Khairul Haque vs The State of West Bengal(1). "It is implicit in the language of Article 22 that the appropriate Government	 while discharging its duty to consider the representation	 cannot depend upon the views of the Board on such representation. It has to consider the representation on its own without being influenced by any such view of the Board. There was	 therefore	 no reason for the Government to wait for considering the petitioner 's representation until it had received the report of the Advisory Board. As laid down in Sk. Abdul Karim vs State of West Bengal (AIR 1969 SC lO28) (supra)	 the obligation of the appropriate Government under article 22(5) (1) W. P. 245 of 1969	 dec. On Sept. 10	 1969. 1012 is to consider the representation made by the detenu as expeditiously as possible. The consideration by the Government of such representation has to be	 as aforesaid	 independent of any opinion which may be expressed by the Advisory Board. The fact that article 22 (5) enjoins upon the detaining authority to afford to the detenu the earliest opportunity to make a representation must implicity mean that such representation	 must	 when made	 be considered and disposed of as expeditiously as possible	 otherwise	 it is obvious that the obligation to furnish the earliest opportunity to make a representation loses both its purpose and meaning. " There are thus two distinct safeguards provided to a detenu; one is that his case must be referred to an Advisory Board for its opinion if it is sought to detain him for a longer period than three months and the other is he should be afforded the earliest opportunity of making a representation against the order of detention and such representation should be considered by the detaining authority as early as possible before any order is made confirming the detention. Neither safeguard is dependent on the other and both have to be observed by the detaining authority. It is no answer for the detaining authority to say that the representation of the detenu was sent by it to the Advisory Board and the Advisory Board has considered the representation and then made a report expressing itself in favour of detention. Even if the Advisory Board has glade a report stating that in its opinion there is sufficient cause for the detention	 the State Government is not bound by such opinion and it may still on considering the representation of the detenu or otherwise	 decline to confirm the order of detention and release the detenu. The detaining authority is	 therefore	 bound to consider the representation of the detenu on its own and keeping in view all the facts and circumstances relating to the case	 come to its own decision whether to confirm the order of detention or to release the detenu. Here in the present case	 the representation of the petitioner was received by the Home Department on 12th December	 1978 and it was immediately forwarded to the Advisory Board because the meeting of the Advisory Board was fixed on 20th December	 1978. The report of the Advisory Board stating that in its opinion there was sufficient cause for the detention of the petitioner was received by the 1st respondent on 6th January	 1979 and on the basis of this report	 1013 the 1st respondent confirmed the order of detention on 15th January	 1979. There is nothing on the record to show that the 1st respondent considered the representation of the petitioner before making the order confirming the detention of the petitioner. We do not find anywhere in the affidavit of the 1st respondent in reply to the petition any statement that he considered the representation of the petitioner before making the order of confirmation dated 15th January	 1979. On the contrary	 there is a positive statement in paragraph 16 of this affidavit that the detention order was confirmed after consideration of the report of the Advisory Board which was of the opinion that the detention should be continued. We called upon the learned advocate appearing on behalf of the 1st respondent to place before us the file relating to the detention C. Of the petitioner and when this file was shown	 we found that there was an endorsement made on 12th March	 1979 which showed that it was only on that date that the representation of the patitioner was considered by the 1st respondent and rejected. This is also borne out by the letter dated 12th March	 1979 addressed by the Deputy Secretary	 Home Department to the petitioner stating that the representation was considered by the "Advisory Board/Government" and his request for release from detention could not be granted. It is	 therefore	 amply clear from the record that the representation of the petitioner was not considered by the 1st respondent before he confirmed the order of detention. The 1st respondent thus failed to comply with the constitutional obligation imposed upon him under clause (5) of E: article 22. The subsequent consideration and rejection of the representation could not cure the invalidity of the order of confirmation. The detention of the petitioner must	 therefore	 be held to be illegal and void These were the reasons for which we made our order dated 11th April	 1979 quashing and setting aside the detention of the petitioner and directing that the petitioner be set at liberty forthwith.

The detenu under the COFEPOSA challenged the orders detaining him as violative of article 22(5) of the Constitution on the ground that his representation was neither considered nor disposed of by the Secretary to the Government of Maharashtra	 though the latter intimated by his letter dated 22nd December 1978	 that the issue of copies of relevant documents and statement to him was under consideration of the Government and after that issue was decided the petitioner 's representation would be considered and a suitable reply would be given. The admitted fact was that the State Government confirmed the order of detention solely on the basis of the report of the Advisory Board. ALLOWING the Writ Petition	 the Court	 ^ HELD: 1. The power to preventively detain a person cannot be exercised except in accordance with the constitutional safeguards provided	 in clauses (4) and (5) of Article 22 AND if an order of detention is made in violation of such safeguards	 it would be liable to be struck down as invalid. It is immaterial whether these constitutional safeguards are incorporated in the law authorising preventive detention because even if they are not	 they would be deemed to be part of law as a super imposition of the Constitution which is the supreme law of the land and they must be obeyed on pain of invalidation of the order of detention. [IOlOB D]. The constitutional imperative enacted in clause (5) of Article 22 requiring the earliest opportunity to be afforded to the detenu to make a representation carries with it by necessary implication a constitutional obligation on the detaining authority to consider the representation as early as possible before making an order confirming the detention. The detaining authority must consider the representation of the detenu and come to its own conclusion whether it is necessary to detain him. If the detaining authority takes the view	 on considering the representation of the detenu	 that it is not necessary to detain him	 it would be wholly unnecessary for it to place the case of the detenu before the Advisory Board. The requirement of obtaining opinion of the Advisory Board is an additional safeguard over and above the safeguard afforded to the detenu of making a representation against the order of detention. The opinion of the Advisory Board even if given after consideration of the representation of the detenu need not necessarily be binding on the detaining authority. [1011C E] 1008 There are thus two distinct safeguards provided to a detenu: one is that his case must be referred to an Advisory Board for its opinion if it is sought to detain him for a longer period than three months and the other is that he should be afforded the earliest opportunity of making a representation against the ord of detention and such representation should be considered by the detaining authority as early as possible before any order is made confirming the detention. Neither safeguard is dependent on the other and both have to be observed by the detaining authority. The detaining authority is therefore	 bound to consider The representation of the detenu on its own and keeping in view all the facts and circumstances relating to the case	 come to its own decision whether to confirm the order of detention or to release the detenu. The subsequent consideration and rejection of the representation could not cure the invalidity of the order of confirmation. [1012C G	 10131E]. Khudiram Das vs State of West Bengal	 ; ; Khairul Haque vs The Slate of West Bengal	 W.P. 246/69 decided on lO 9 69; referred to.