Summarize the following court judgment. Transfer Petition No. 96 of 1978. Madan Bhatia and D. Gobardhan for the Petitioner. V. M. Tarkunde and Mrs. K. Hingorani for the Respondent. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by KRISHNA IYER	 J. Mrs. Maneka Gandhi figures as an accused a prosecution launched against her and others by Miss. Rani Jethmalani for an offence of defamation in the Court of the Metropolitan Magistrate	 Bombay. The former is the editor of a monthly called "Surya" and is the wife of Shri Sanjay Gandhi and daughter in law of Smt. Indira Gandhi	 former Prime Minister. The latter is a young advocate and is the daughter of a leading advocate and currently an important Member of Parliament. The present petition has been made for a transfer of the criminal case from Bombay to Delhi	 and a string of grounds has been set out to validate the prayer. We decline the transfer and proceed to give our reasons without making the least reflection on the merits of the case. Assurance of a fair trial is the first imperative of the dispensation of justice and the central criterion for the court to consider when a motion for transfer is made is not the hypersensitivity or relative convenience of a party or easy availability of legal services or like minigrievances. Something more substantial	 more compelling	 more imperilling	 from the point of view of public justice and its attendant environment	 is necessitous if the Court is to exercise its power of transfer. This is the cardinal principle although the circumstances may. be myriad and vary from case to case. We have to test the petitioner 's grounds on this touch stone bearing in mind the rule that normally the complainant has the right to choose any court having jurisdiction and the accused cannot dictate where the case against him should be tried. Even so	 the process of justice should not harass the parties and from that angle the court may weigh the circumstances. 381 One of the common circumstances alleged in applications for transfer is the avoidance of substantial prejudice to a party or witnesses on account of logistics or like factors	 especially when an alternative venue will not seriously handicap the complaint and will mitigate the serious difficulties of the accused. In the present case the petitioner claims that both the parties reside in Delhi and some formal witnesses belong to Delhi; but the meat of the matter	 in a case of defamation	 is something different. The main witnesses are those who speak to having read the offending matter and other relevant circumstances flowing therefrom. They belong to Bombay in this case and the suggestion of the petitioner 's counsel that Delhi readers may be substitute witness and the complainant may content herself with examining such persons is too presumptuous for serious consideration. Now to the next ground. The sophisticated processes of a criminal trial certainly require competent legal service to present a party 's case. If an accused person	 for any particular reason	 is virtually deprived of this facility	 an essential aid to fair trial fails. If in a certain court the whole Bar	 for reasons of hostility or otherwise	 refuses to defend an accused person an extra ordinary situation difficult to imagine	 having regard to the ethics of the profession it may well be put forward as a ground which merits this Court 's attention. Popular frenzy or official wrath shall not deter a member of the Bar from offering his services to those who wear unpopular names or unpalatable causes and the Indian advocate may not fail this standard. Counsel has narrated some equivocal episodes which seem to suggest that the services of an efficient advocate may not be easy to procure to defend Mrs. Maneka Gandhi. Such glib allegations which involve a reflection on the members of the Bar in Bombay may not be easily accepted without incontestible testimony in that behalf	 apart from the ipse dixit of the party. That is absent here. It is difficult to believe that a person of` the position of the petitioner who is the daughter in law of the former Prime. Minister	 wife of a consequential person and	 in her own right	 an editor of a popular magazine	 is unable to engage a lawyer to defend her	 while	 as a fact	 she is apparently represented in many legal proceedings quite competently. A more serious ground which disturbs us in more ways than one is the alleged absence of congenial atmosphere for a fair and impartial trial. It is becoming a frequent phenomenon in our country that court proceedings are being disturbed by rude hoodlums and unruly crowds	 jostling	 jeering or cheering and disrupting the judicial hearing with menaces	 noises and worse. This tendency of toughs and street roughs to violate the serenity of court is obstructive of the course of justice 382 and must surely be stamped out. Likewise	 the safety of the person of an accused or complainant is an essential condition for participation in a trial and where that is put in peril by commotion	 tumult or threat on account of pathological conditions prevalent in a particular venue	 the request for a transfer may not be dismissed summarily. It causes disquiet and concern to a court of justice if a person seeking justice is unable to appear	 present one 's case	 bring one 's witnesses or adduce evidence. Indeed	 it is the duty of the court to assure propitious conditions which conduce to comparative tranquillity at the trial. 'Turbulent conditions putting the accused 's life in danger or creating chaos inside the court hall may jettison public justice. If this vice is peculiar to a particular place and is persistent the transfer of the case from that place may become necessary. Likewise	 if there is general consternation or atmosphere of tension or raging masses of people in the entire region taking sides and polluting the climate	 vitiating the necessary neutrality to hold a detached judicial trial	 the situation may be said to have deteriorated to such an extent as to warrant transfer. In a decision cited by the counsel for the petitioner	 Bose	 J. Observed: ". But we do feel that good grounds for transfer from Jashpurnagar are made out because of the bitterness of local communal feeling and the tenseness of the atmosphere there. Public confidence in the fairness of a trial held in such an atmosphere would be seriously undermined	 particularly among reasonable Christians all over India not because the Judge was unfair or biassed but because the machinery of justice is not geared to work in the midst of such conditions. The calm detached atmosphere of a fair and impartial judicial trial would be wanting	 and even if justice were done it would not be "seen to be done".(1) Accepting this perspective we must approach the facts of the pre sent case without excitement	 exaggeration or eclipse of a sense of pro portion. It may be true that the petitioner attracts a crowd in Bombay. Indeed	 it is true of many controversial figures in public life that their presence in a public place gathers partisans for and against	 leading to cries and catcalls or 'Jais ' or 'zindabads '. Nor is it unnatural that some persons may have acquired	 for a time a certain quality of reputation	 sometimes notoriety	 sometimes glory	 which may make them the cynosure of popular attention when they appear in cities even in a court. And when unkempt crowds press into a court hall it is possible that some pushing	 some nudging	 some brash ogling or angry starting may occur in the rough and rumble resulting in ruffled feelings (1) G.X. Francis vs Banke Bihari Singh	 A.I.R. 1958 S.C. 809 at 810. 383 for the victim. This is a far cry from saying that the peace inside the court has broken down	 that calm inside the court is beyond restoration	 that a tranquil atmosphere for holding the trial is beyond accomplishment or that operational freedom for the Judge parties	 advocates and witnesses has ceased to exist. None of the allegations made by the petitioner	 read in the pragmatic light of the counter averments of the respondent and understood realistically	 makes the contention of the counsel credible that a fair trial is impossible. Perhaps	 there was some rough weather but it subsided	 and it was a storm in the tea cup or transcient tension to exaggerate which is unwarranted. The petitioner 's case of great insecurity or molestation to the point of threat to life is	 so far as the record bears out	 difficult to accept. The mere word of an interested party is insufficient to convince us that she is in jeopardy or the court may not be able to conduct the case under conditions of detachment	 neutrality or uninterrupted progress. We are disinclined to stampede ourselves into conceding a transfer of the case on this score	 as things stand now. Nevertheless	 we cannot view with unconcern the potentiality of a flare up and the challenge to a fair trial	 in the sense of a satisfactory participation by the accused in the proceedings against her. Mob action may throw out of gear the wheels of the judicial process. Engineered fury may paralyse a party 's ability to present his case or participate in the trial. If the justice system grinds to a halt through physical manoeuvres or sound and fury of the senseless populace the rule of E law runs aground. Even the most hated human anathema has a right to be heard without the rage of ruffians or huff or toughs being turned against him to unnerve him as party or witness or advocate. Physical violence to a party	 actual or imminent	 is reprehensible when he seeks justice before a tribual. Manageable solutions must not sweep this Court off its feet into granting an easy transfer but uncontrollable or perilous deterioration will surely persuade us to shift the venue. It depends. The frequency of mobbing manouvres in court precincts is a bad omen for social justice in its wider connotation. We	 therefore	 think it necessary to make a few cautionary observations which will be sufficient	 as we see at present	 to protect the petitioner and ensure for her a fair trial. The trial court should readily consider the liberal exercise of its power to grant for the accused exemption from personal appearance save on crucial occasions. Shri Tarkunde	 for the respondent fairly agreed that it was the right thing to do and explained the special reason for its first rejection. If the application is again made	 the magistrate will deal with it as we have indicated. This will remove much of the unsavoury sensationalism which the hearing may suffer from 384 The magistrate is the master of the orderly conduct of court proceedings and his authority shall not hang limp if his business is stalled by brow beating. It is his duty to clear the court of confusion	 yelling and nerve racking gestures which mar the serious tone of judicial hearing. The officials whose duty is to keep the public peace shall	 on requisition	 be at the command of the court to help it run its process smoothly. When the situation gets out of hand the remedy of transfer surgery may be prescribed. Every fleeting rumpus should not lead. to a removal of the case as it may prove to be a frequent surrender of justice to commotion. The magistrate shall take measures to enforce conditions where the court function free and fair and agitational or muscle tactics yield no dividends. If that fails	 the parties have freedom to renew their motion under section 406 of the Criminal Procedure Code. For	 where tranquil court justice is a casualty the collapse of our constitutional order is an inevitability. We dismiss	 for the nonce	 this transfer petition. S.R. Petition dismissed.

^ HELD: 1. Assurance of a fair trial is the first imperative of the dispensation of justice and the central criterion for the Court to consider when motion four transfer is made is not the hypersensitivity or relative convenience of a party or easy availability of legal services or the like mini grievances. Something more substantial	 more compelling	 more imperilling	 from the point of view of public justice and its attendant environment is necessitous	 if the Court is to exercise its power of transfer. This is the cardinal principle although the circumstances may be myriad and vary from case to case. courts must test the petitioner 's grounds on this touch stone bearing in mind the rule that normally the complainant has the right to choose any Court having jurisdiction and the accused cannot dictate where the case against him should be tried. Even so	 the process of justice should not harass the parties and from that angle the Court may weigh the circumstances. [380F H] 2. The meat of the matter	 in a case of defamation is something different than the common ground usually urged like the avoidance of substantial prejudice to a party or witnesses on account of logistics or like factors	 especially when an alternative venue will not seriously handicap the complainant and will mitigate the serious difficulties of the accused. The main witnesses are those who speak to having read the offending matter and other relevant circumstances flowing therefrom. [381A B] In this case	 the witnesses belong to Bombay and the suggestion that Delhi readers may be substitute witnesses and the complainant may consent herself with examining such persons is too presumptuous for serious consideration. [381 C] 3. The sophisticated processes of a criminal trial certainly require competent legal service to present a party 's case. If an accused person	 for any particular reason	 is virtually deprived of this facility	 an essential aid to fair trial fails. If in a certain Court the whole Bar	 for reasons of hostility or otherwise refuses to defend an accused person an extraordinary situation difficult to imagine	 having regard to the ethics of the profession it may well be put forward as a ground which merits the attention of the Supreme Court. Glib allegation like the services of an efficient advocate may not be easy to procure involves a reflection on the members of the Bar in Bombay and	 therefore	 is cannot be easily accepted without incontestible testimony in that behalf which is absent in this case. apart from the ipse dixit of the party; Popular frenzy or official wrath shall not deter a member of the Bar from 379 offering his services to those who wear unpopular names or unpalatable causes and the Indian advocate may not fail this standard. [381C E] 4. It is true that a detached atmosphere of a fair and impartial judicial trial is a must. The tendency of toughs and street roughs to violate the serenity of Court is obstructive of the course of justice and must surely be stamped out. Likewise	 the safety of the person of an accused or complainant is an essential condition for participation in a trial and where that is put in peril by commotion	 tumult or threat on account of pathological conditions prevalent in a particular venue	 the request for a transfer may not be dismissed summarily. It causes disquiet and concern to a Court of justice if a person seeking justice is unable to appear present one 's case	 bring one 's witnesses or adduce evidence. Indeed	 it is the duty of the Court to assure propitious conditions which conduce to comparative tranquility at the trial. Turbulent conditions putting the accused 's life in danger or creating chaos inside the Court hall may jettison public justice. If this vice is peculiar to a particular place and is persistent the transfer of the case from that place may become necessary. Likewise	 if there is general consternation or atmosphere of tension or raging masses of people in the entire region taking sides land polluting the climate	 vitiating the necessary neutrality to hold a detached judicial trial	 the situation may be said to have deteriorated to such an extent as to warrant transfer. [381 H	 382A C] In the instant case	 none of the allegations made by the Petitioner. read in the pragmatic light of the counter averments of the respondent and understood realistically makes the contention credible that a fair trial is impossible. [383A B] G. X. Francis vs Banke Bihari Singh	 A.I.R. 1958 SC 809 and 810; referred to. Observation : The frequency of mobbing manouvres in Court precincts is a bad omen for social justice in its wider connotation. Mob action may throw out of the gear the wheels of the judicial process. Engineered fury may paralyse a party 's ability to present his case or participate in the trial. If the justice system grinds to a halt through physical manouvres or sound and fury of the senseless populace	 the rule of law runs aground. Even the most hated human anethema has a right to be heard without the rage of ruffians or huff of toughs being turned against him to unnerve him as party or witness or advocate. Physical violence to a party	 actual or imminent	 is reprehensible when he seeks justice before a tribunal. Manageable solutions must not sweep the Supreme Court off its feet into granting an easy transfer but uncontrollable or perilous deterioration will surely persuade this Court to shift the venue. It depends. [383D F] Therefore (a) the trial Court should readily consider the liberal exercise of its power to grant for the accused exemption from personal appearance save on crucial occasions. [383G] (b) Where tranquil Court justice is a casualty	 the collapse of an constitutional order is an inevitability. The Magistrate is the master 380 of the orderly conduct of court proceedings and his authority shall not hang limp if his business is stalled by brow beating. It is his duty to clear the Court of confusion	 yelling and nerve racking gestures which mar the serious tone of judicial heaving. The officials whose duty is to keep the public peace shall	 on requisition	 be at the command of the Court to help it run its process smoothly. When the situation gets out of hand the remedy of transfer surgery may be prescribed Every fleeting rumpus should not lead to a removal of the ease as it may prove to be a frequent surrender of justice to commotion. The Magistrate shall take measures to enforce conditions where the Court functions free and fair and agitational our muscle tactics yield no dividends. [384A C]