Summarize the following court judgment. Civil Appeal No. 984 of 1975. Appeal by Special Leave from the judgment and Order dated the 10th February 1975 of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in W.A. No. 752 of 1974. P. Ramachandra Reddy	 Advocate General	 A.P.	 P. P. Rao and V. Seetharaman	 for the appellant. R. C. Raghavan	 G. Vedanta Rao and B. Kanta Rao	 for the respondent. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by BHAGWATI	 J. The short question that arises for determination	 in this appeal is whether a person whose parents belonged to a Scheduled Caste before their conversion to Christianity can on conversion or reconversion to Hinduism	 be regarded as a member of the Scheduled Caste so as to be eligible for the benefit of reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes in the matter of a admission to a medical college. The parents of the respondent originally professed Hindu religion and belonged to Madiga caste which is admittedly a caste deemed to be a Scheduled Caste in the State of Andhra Pradesh as specified in Part I of the Schedule to the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order	 1950. They were both converted to Christianity at some point of time 1048 which does not appear clearly from the record	 but it was the case of the respondent in his Writ Petition that he was born after their conversion. This was also the assumption on which the arguments proceeded before the High Court and before us	 too. The counsel or the respondent expressed his readiness to argue the case on the same assumption	 namely	 that the respondent was born after the conversion of his parents	 or	 in other words	 he was born of Christian parents. It appears that in the State of Andhra Pradesh	 for the purpose inter alia of admission to medical college	 converts to Christianity are treated as belonging to backward class and	 therefore	 when the respondent applied for admission to Gandhi Medical College in 1973	 he described himself as a member of a backward class. But he did not succeed in getting admission. Thereupon he got himself converted to Hinduism on 20th September	 1973 from Andhra Pradesh Arunchatiya Sangham stating that he had renounced Christianity and embraced Hinduism after going through Suddhi ceremony and he was thereafter "received back into Madiga caste of Hindu fold". On the strength of this certificate	 claiming to be a` member of Madiga caste	 the respondent applied for admission to Guntur Medical College and on the basis that he was a member of a Scheduled Caste	 he was provisionally selected for admission. But subsequently he was informed by the Principal of the Medical College that his selection was cancelled as he was not a Hindu by birth. The Principal apparently relied on Note (b) to clause (C) of rule 2 of the Rules issued by the Government of Andhra Pradesh under GO Rt. No. 1315 dated 4th December	 1973 for admission to the M.B.B.S. Course in Government Medical Colleges for the Academic year 1973 74. This Note was in the following terms: "No candidate other than Hindu including a Sikh can claim to belong to Schedule Castes. No candidates can claim to belong to the Scheduled Caste except by birth. " The respondent thereupon preferred a writ petition in the High Court of Andhra Pradesh challenging the validity of cancellation of his admission on the ground that Note (b)	 which required that a candidate	 in order to be eligible or a seat reserved for Scheduled Caste	 should belong to a Scheduled Caste by birth	 went beyond the scope of the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) order	 1950 and was	 therefore	 void and the Principal was not entitled to cancel his admission on the ground that he was not a Hindu or a member of a Scheduled Caste by birth. This ground of challenge was accepted by a Single Judge of the High Court and on appeal	 a Division Bench of the High Court also took the same view. In fact	 it was conceded before the Division Bench by the learned Government Pleader appearing on behalf of the State that Note (b) was repugnant to the provisions of cl. (3) of the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) order	 1950	 since the only requirement of that clause was that in order to be a member of a Scheduled Caste	 person should be professing Hindu or Sikh religion and it did not prescribe that he should be a Hindu by birth. The State did not succeed in obtaining leave to appeal from the High Court and hence it preferred a special leave petition to this Court. When the special leave petition came up for hearing	 there was no decision of 1049 this Court dealing with the question as to whether a convert or reconvert to Hinduism can become a member of a Scheduled Caste and of so	 in what circumstances and hence we granted special leave to the State	 on the State agreeing that whatever be the result of the appeal	 the admission of the respondent will not be disturbed and that the State will	 in any event	 pay the costs of the respondent. It may be pointed out that since then a decision on this question has been rendered by a Bench of three judges of this Court to which we shall refer later. It is clear on a plain reading of clause (4) of article 15 that the State has power to make special provision for scheduled Castes and in exercise of this power	 the State can reserve seats in a medical college for members of Scheduled Castes without violating article 1 S or cl. (2) of article 29. The expression 'Scheduled Castes ' has a technical meaning given to it by cl. (24) of article 366 and it means "such castes	 races or tribes or parts or groups within such castes	 races or tribes as are deemed under article 341 to be Scheduled Castes for the purposes of this Constitution. " The President in exercise of the power conferred upon him under article 341 has issued the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) order	 1950. paragraphs (2) and (3) of this; order are material and they read as follows: "2. Subject to the provisions of this order	 the castes	 races or tribes or parts of or groups within caste or tribes specified in Part I to XIII of the Schedule to this order shall	 in relation to the States to which these parts respectively relate	 be deemed to be scheduled castes so far as regards members thereof resident in the localities specified in relation to them in those Parts of that Schedule. Notwithstanding anything contained in Paragraph 2	 No. person who professes a religion different from the Hindu or the Sikh religion shall be deemed to be a member of a Scheduled Caste. " F The Schedule to this Order in part I sets out the castes	 races or tribes or parts of or groups within castes or tribes which shall in the different areas of the State of Andhra Pradesh be deemed to be Scheduled Castes. One of the castes specified there is Madiga caste and that caste must	 therefore	 be deemed to be a Scheduled Caste. But by reason of c]. (3)	 a person belonging to Madiga caste would not be deemed to be a member of a Scheduled Caste unless he professes Hindu or Sikh religion at the relevant time. It is not necessary that he should have been born a Hindu or a Sikh. The only thing required is that he should at the material time be professing Hindu or Sikh religion. Now	 Note (b) was interpreted by the Principal of the Medical College to require that a candidate	 in order to be eligible for a seat reserved for Scheduled Castes	 should be a Hindu by birth. This interpretation was plainly erroneous because what Note (b) required was not that a candidate should be a Hindu by birth but that 1050 he should belong to a Scheduled Caste by birth. But even this requirement that a candidate in order to be eligible for a reserved seat should be a member of a Scheduled Caste by birth went beyond the provision in cl. (3) of the Constitution (Scheduled Castes order. 1950 and was rightly condemned as void and no reliance was placed upon it on behalf of the State. The principal argument advanced on behalf of the State was that when the respondent was converted to Hinduism	 he did not automatically become a member of the Madiga caste	 out it was open to the members of the Madiga caste to accept him within their fold and it was only if he was so accepted	 that he could claim to have become a member of the Madiga caste. There was no evidence in the present case	 contended the State	 showing that the respondent	 on his conversion to Hinduism	 was accepted as a member of the Madiga caste by the other members of that caste and	 therefore	 he was not at the time of his application for admission a member of a Scheduled caste Now	 before we proceed to consider this contention	 it is necessary to point out that there is no absolute rule applicable in all cases that whenever a member of a caste is converted from Hinduism to Christianity	 he loses his membership of the caste. This question has been considered by this Court in C. M. Arumugam vs section Rajgopal and it has been pointed out there that ordinarily it is true that on conversion to Christianity	 a person would cease to be a member of the caste to which he belongs	 but that is not an invariable rule. It would depend on the structure of the caste and its rules and regulations. There are some castes	 particularly in South India	 where this consequence does not follow on conversion	 since such castes comprise both Hindus and Christians. Whether Madiga is a caste which falls within this category is a debatable question. The contention of the respondent in his writ petition was that mere are both Hindus and Christians in Madiga caste and even after conversion to Christianity	 his parents continued to belong to Madiga caste and he was	 therefore	 a member of Madiga caste right from the time of his birth. It is not necessary for the purpose of the present appeal to decide this question. We may assume that	 on conversion to Christianity	 the parents of the respondent lost their membership of Madiga caste and that the respondent was	 therefore	 not a Madiga by birth. The question is: could the respondent become a member of Madiga caste on conversion to Hindusim ? That is a question on which considerable light is thrown by the decision of this Court in C. M. Arumugam vs section Rajgopal (supra). The main question which arose for decision in C. M. Arumugamr vs section RaJgopal (supra) was whether section Raigopal	 who belonged to Adi Dravida caste before his conversion to Christianity	 could	 on reconversion to Hinduism once again become a member of the Adi Dravida caste. This Court	 after examining the question on principle and referring to the decided cases	 pointed out that the consistent view taken in this country since 1886 was that on reconversion to 1051 Hinduism	 a person can once again become a member of the caste in which he was born and to which he belonged before conversion to another religion	 if the members of the caste accept him as a member. This Court observed that there was no reason	 either on principle or on authority	 which should compel it to disregard this view which has prevailed for almost a century and lay down a different rule on the subject and concluded that on reconversion to Hinduism	 section Rajgopal could once again revert to his Adi Dravida caste	 for he was accepted by the other members of the caste. The reasoning on which this decision proceeded is equally applicable in a case where the parents of a person are converted from Hinduism to Christianity and he is born after their conversion and on his subsequently embracing Hinduism	 the members of the caste to which the parents belonged prior to their conversion accept him as a member within the fold. It is for the members of the caste to decide whether or not to admit a person within the caste. Since the caste is a social combination of persons governed by its rules and regulations	 it may	 if its rules and regulations so provide	 admit a new member just as it may expel an existing member. The only requirement for admission of a person as a member of the caste is the acceptance of the person by the other members of the caste	 for	 as pointed out by Krishnaswami Ayyangar	 J.	 in Durgaprasada Rao vs Sudarsanaswami	in matters affecting the well being or composition of a caste, the caste itself is the supreme judge. (emphasis supplied). It will	 therefore	 be seen that on conversion to Hinduism	 a person born of Christian converts would not become a member of the caste to which his parents belonged prior to their conversion to Christianity	 automatically or as a matter of course	 but he would become such member	 if the other members of the caste accept him as a member and admit him within the fold. This view would have ordinarily required us to find whether	 on the material on record	 it could be said to have been established by the respondent that	 on conversion to Hinduism	 he was accepted as a member of Madiga caste by the other members of that caste	 for it is only if he was so accepted that he could claim to be a member of a Scheduled Caste. But it is not necessary for us to undertake this inquiry because	 as already pointed out	 it has been agreed by the State that	 whatever be the result of this appeal	 the admission of the respondent will not be disturbed. We accordingly dismiss the appeal with costs in favour of the respondent. P.H.P. Appeal dismissed.

The parents of the respondent originally professed Hindu religion and belonged to Madiga caste which is a scheduled caste	 in the Andhra Pradesh as specified in the schedule to the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) order	 1950. Respondent 's parents were converted to Christianity and thereafter the respondent was born. The respondent got himself converted to Hinduism renouncing Christianity. Thereafter	 he applied for admission to Guntur Medical College on the basis that he was a member of a Scheduled Caste. He was provisionally selected for admission but subsequently was informed by the principal the College that his selection was cancelled as he was not a Hindu by birth. The Principal relied on Note (b) to Clause of rule 2 of the Rules issued by the Government of Andhra Pradesh for admission to the M.B.B.S. course in Government Medical College. The said note provides that no candidate other than Hindu can claim to belong to Scheduled Caste. It further provides that no candidate can belong to Scheduled Caste except by birth. The respondent filed a Writ Petition in the High Court challenging the validity of Note (b) as going beyond the scope of the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) order	 1950. The respondent succeeded before the learned single Judge as well as the Division Bench of the High Court. In fact	 it was conceded by the appellant before the High Court that note (b) was repugnant to the said order. Dismissing the appeal by Special Leave	 ^ HELD: 1. It is clear on a plain reading of clause 4 of Article 15 that the State has power to make special provision for scheduled castes and in exercise of its power the State can reserve seats in a Medical College for members of Scheduled Castes without violating Article 15 or Article 29(2). Article 366(24) defines Scheduled Castes to mean such castes	 races or tribes as are deemed under Article 341 to be scheduled castes. The President in exercise of the powers conferred upon him under Article 341 has issued Constitution (Scheduled Castes) order 1950. Madiga caste is included in the schedule to the said order. The said order itself	 however	 provides that no person who. professes a religion other than Hindu or Sikh shall be deemed to be a member of a scheduled caste. It	 however	 does not require that the should have been born a Hindu or a Sikh. The only thing required is that at the material time he should profess Hindu or Sikh religion. The requirement of the note that a candidate in order to be eligible for a reserved seat should be a member of a Scheduled Caste by birth went beyond the said order and was rightly condemned as void. [1049B H	 1050A] 2. There is no absolute rule applicable in all cases that whenever a member of a caste is converted from Hinduism to Christianity he loses his membership of the caste. It would depend upon r the structure of the caste and its rules and regulations. There are some castes	 1047 particularly ill South India	 where this consequence does not follow on conversion since such castes comprise both Hindus and Christians. Whether Madiga caste falls in this category is a debatable question. For the purposes of the present appeal it is not necessary to decide the contention of the respondent that there are both Hindus and Christians in Madiga caste and even after conversion to Christianity his parents continued to belong to Madiga caste. [1050 C F] 3. A similar question about the effect of re conversion was decided by this Court in the case of C. R. Arumugam vs section Rajagopal. In that case this Court laid down that there is no reason to hold that a person on reconversion to Hinduism cannot once again become a member of the caste in which he was born and to which he belonged before conversion to another religion. The reasoning on which this decision proceeded is equally applicable will a cause where the parents of a person are converted from Hinduism to Christianity and he is born after their conversion and on his subsequent embraching Hinduism	 the members of the caste to which the parents belong prior to their conversion accept him as a member within the fold. It is for the members of the caste to decide whether or not to admit a person within the caste. Since the caste is a social combination of persons governed by its rules and regulations	 it may	 if its rules and regulations so provide	 admit a new member just as it may expel an existing member. The only requirement for admission of a person as a member of the caste is the acceptance of the reason by the other members of the caste. On conversion to Hinduism a person would not become a member of the caste to which his parents belonged prior to their conversion	 automatically or as a matter of course but he would become such member if the other members of the caste accept him as a members and admit him within the fold. [1050G	 1051B E] There is nothing on record to show whether the respondent was accepted by Madiga caste. However	 it is not necessary to undertake this enquiry because it has been agreed by the appellants that whatever be the result of the appeal	 the admission of the respondent would not be disturbed. [1051 FG]