Summarize the following court judgment. Criminal Appeal No. 59 of 1959. Appeal from the judgment and order dated the January 8	 1959	 of the Calcutta High Court in Criminal Misc. Case No. 126 of 1958. AND PETITION No. 51 OF 1959. Petition under Article 32 of the Constitution of India for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights. Veda Vyasa	 section K. Kapur and Ganpat Rai	 for the appellant and petitioner. B. Sen and P. K. Bose	 for the respondents. May 20. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by SINHA J. This appeal	 on a certificate of fitness granted by the Calcutta High Court	 is directed against the order of that Court	 dated January	 8	 1959	 in Criminal Miscellaneous Case No. 126 of 1958	 refusing to issue a writ in the nature of habeas corpus in respect of one Ram Prasad Das (who will hereinafter be referred to as 'the petitioner '). This Court	 by an order 413 dated April 20	 1959	 directed that the application of the petitioner under article 32 of the Constitution	 for a similar writ in respect of the same person	 be posted for hearing immediately after the aforesaid criminal appeal	 and that it shall not be necessary that the petitioner be produced before this Court at the time of the hearing of the writ petition. Hence	 both the matters	 relating as they do	 to the same subject matter	 have been heard together and will be disposed of by this judgment. It appears that Naresh Chandra Ganguli	 an advocate	 practising in the Calcutta High Court	 made an application under sections 491 and 561A of the Code of Criminal Procedure	 as a friend	 on behalf on the petitioner	 in detention in the Dum Dum Central Jail in 24 Parganas	 under the orders of the Government of West Bengal. The application was made to the Calcutta High Court on the following allegations: The peti tioner is the Secretary of the West Bengal Committee of the Bharatiya Jana Sangha	 one of the four big political parties	 as recognized by the Election Commission of India. On or about October 7	 1958	 towards evening	 when the petitioner was coming out of the Basanta Cabin	 a tea stall	 at the crossing of the College Street and Surya Sen Street	 after having addressed a meeting at the College Square	 he was stopped on the street by the police and was taken to the office of the Special Branch (Police) on Lord Sinha Road. From there	 he was sent to the Dum Dum Central Jail	 where he was served with an order. being Order No. 83 dated October 7	 1958	 purporting to have been made by the Commissioner of Police	 Calcutta	 under the provisions of the Preventive Detention Act (No. IV	 of 1950) (hereinafter referred to as 'the Act '). The order is in these terms: " ORDER Dated 7 10 58. No. 83. Whereas I am satisfied with respect to the person known as Sri Ram Prasad ] )as	 son of late Bepin Behari Das of Village P S P Dist. and of 6	 Murlidhar Sen Lane	 Calcutta that with a view to preventing him from acting in a manner prejudicial 414 to the maintenance of Public Order it is necessary so to do. Now therefore in exercise of the Powers conferred by Section 3(2) of the (IV of 1950) 1 made this order directing that the said Sri Ram Prasad Das be detained. Given under my hand and seal of office. Sd/ Illegible	 Commissioner of Police	 Calcutta. " On or about October 8	 1958	 the petitioner was served	 in the Dum Dum Central Jail	 with a further order	 being Order No. 85 dated October 8	 1958	 which is as follows: " Government of West Bengal. Office of the Commissioner of Police	 Calcutta. Dated 8 10 58. No. 85. Grounds for detention under clause (ii) of clause (a) of Sub section (1) of Section 3 of the (Act IV of 1950). To Sri Rain Prasad Das S/O Bepin Behari Das	 of 6	 Muralidhar Sen Lane	 Calcutta. You are being detained in pursuance of a detention order made in exercise of power conferred by Section 3(2) (c) of the P.D. Act 1950 (Act IV of 1950) on the ground that you are acting in a manner prejudicial to the maintenance of public order	 as evidenced by the particulars given below: 1.That on 13 9 58 you attended a meeting of Eastern Indian Refugee Council held at the Refugee office at ' 6 Murlidhar Sen Lane and vilified Prime Minister of India for his allegedly turning a deaf ear to the untold miseries of the refugees and while referring to the recent agreement between the Prime Ministers of India and Pakistan you vented feelings of violence against the Prime Minister of India by emphasising that in order to save the refugees and the territories of the Indian Union	 Sri Nehru should be murdered	 if necessary and so the need of another Nathuram Godse was felt now. 415 2. That in course of discussion with members of your party on 17 9 58 at 6	 Murlidhar Sen Lane	 you stated that the Indian Prime Minister had made a Present of certain Indian enclaves to Pakistan in pursuance of the policy of appeasement which has been initiated by the Late Mahatma Gandhi and called upon the members to build uP strong movement against the implementation of Nehru Noon Pact. You also tried to. rouse passions by alleging that the Indian Prime Minister had no sympathy for West Bengal. That on 26 9 58 you attended another meeting of the South Durtolla Branch of the Jana Sangha at Jatin Mitter Park	 where you denounced the aforesaid agreement between the two Prime Ministers and stressed the need of forming a militia with the youths of the country for the safety of the people living in border areas and urged all to enrol themselves for the said purpose. That you intend to proceed to Delhi on 9 10 58 and that you are likely to instigate plans which may adversely affect the personal security of the Prime Minister of India. Your action above is bound to result in the maintenance of public order being prejudicially affected. You are hereby informed that you may make a representation to the State Government against the detention order and that such representation should be addressed to the Assistant Secy. Home (Special) Department	 Government of West Bengal	 and forwarded through the Supt. of the Jail in which you are detained as early as possible. You are also informed that u/s 10 of the P.D. Act 1950 (IV of 1950) the Advisory Board shall	 if you desire to be heard hear you in person and that if you desire to be so heard by the Advisory Board you should intimate such desire in your representation to the State Government. Sd/ Illegible	 Commissioner of Police	 Calcutta	 416 On or about October 11, 1958, the petitioner was served with another order which is in these terms:  Government of West Bengal. Home Department	 Special Section. Order Calcutta	 11 10 58. No. 1882 H. section In exercise of the power conferred by Section 3(2) of the Preventive Detention Act	 1950 (IV of 1950)	 the Governor is pleased to approve order No. 83 dated the 7 10 58 made under Section 3(2) of the said Act by the Commissioner of Police	 Calcutta directing that Sri Ram Prasad Das son of Late Bepin Behari Das of 6	 Murlidhar Sen Lane	 Calcutta be detained. By order of the Governor. Sd/ Illegible	 Dy. Secty. to the Govt. of West Bengal. " The petitioner made a representation in writing against the order of detention aforesaid	 denying and refuting the grounds of his detention	 set out above. He particularly denied the allegation contained in ground No. 1 aforesaid	 as totally false	 and stated that there was no meeting	 as alleged	 on September 13	 1958	 and that he had not made any speech attributed to him in the said ground. He also denied that he had advocated in any meeting for the formation of a militia	 as alleged. But he claimed that he had a right to express his views about the policy of the Government or the Prime Minister	 relating to Pakistan and/ or about Nehru Noon Pact or similar other Agreements. He denied that he indulged in any violent speeches	 or that he tried to rouse passions. His further contention was that the ground No. 4 was extremely vague in the absence of any particulars about how	 where and when and in what manner	 he was likely to instigate any plan which was to adversely affect the personal security of the Prime Minister of India	 and the nature or particulars of any such contemplated plan. In his application to the High Court	 the petitioner also submitted that the grounds supplied to him	 had 417 no rational connection with the objects mentioned in section 3 of the Act	 and that	 therefore	 he was deprived of his right to make an effective representation. He also alleged that he was a member of a political party opposed to the party in power	 and held definitely pronounced views about the failure of the Government to tackle the problem of refugees	 as also about the relationship between the Government and the State of Pakistan. He also claimed to be a leader of the refugees	 and as such	 had been relentlessly criticising the policies of the present Government. He further asserted that the order of detention passed against him	 was a clear case of political victimisation. He alleged further that the order of detention	 on the face of it	 was malafide	 and was a clear infringement of his fundamental right to freedom of speech and association	 guaranteed by the Constitution. On November 28	 1958	 the petitioner was brought to the Writers ' Buildings in Calcutta	 and placed before the Advisory Board as constituted under the Act. The petitioner was heard in person by the Advisory Board on that date	 and on the next day	 that is	 November 29	 1958	 after the hearing by the Advisory Board	 another order	 being order No. 1967 H. section	 dated November 29	 1958	 made by the Governor of West Bengal	 was issued	 confirming the aforesaid order of detention No. 83 dated October 7	 1958	 set out above	 and continuing the petitioner 's detention till the expiration of 12 months from the date of detention. On those allegations	 the petitioner submitted to the High Court that the orders aforesaid	 relating to his detention in the Dum Dum Central Jail	 were" ' illegal	 invalid	 ultra vires	 void and inoperative." An affidavit in opposition	 on behalf of the State of West Bengal and other opposite parties	 was sworn to by the Commissioner of Police	 Calcutta opposite party No. 3 in the case In the aforesaid affidavit	 the deponent averrred that he was satisfied on the records and materials placed before him that the petitioner was a person likely to act in a manner prejudicial to the maintenance of public order	 and that with a view to preventing him from doing so	 it 418 was necessary to make the order of detention on the grounds mentioned in the Order No. 85 dated October 8	 1958 (set out above). He also averred that the orders of detention aforesaid	 together with the grounds and all other relevant particulars	 were reported by him to the Government of West Bengal	 which	 after duly considering the same	 duly approved of the orders of detention. It was also stated in the affidavit that the petitioner personally appeared before the Advisory Board on November 28	 1958	 and the Advisory Board	 upon a consideration of the records and materials placed before it	 and the representation made by the petitioner	 and after hearing the petitioner in person	 reported to the Government ' of West Bengal that in the opinion of the Advisory Board	 there was sufficient cause for the detention of the petitioner. The Commissioner of Police further stated in the affidavit that he had duly passed and signed the orders of detention after considering the records and materials in respect of the petitioner	 in exercise of the powers conferred under the Act	 bona fide and without any malice whatsoever	 on being satisfied about the necessity of the said orders of detention. He also stated that he denied all statements of facts to the contrary	 contained in the affidavit in support of the petition	 and he undertook to produce the original records in the Court at the hearing. Allegations of victimisation on political grounds	 and that the order of detention was mala fide and in infringement of the fundamental rights of the petitioner	 were specifically denied. The matter was heard by a Division Bench of the Calcutta High Court (Guha Roy and H. K. Sen	 JJ.)	 which	 by its order dated January 8	 1958	 discharged the Rule. In the course of its judgment	 the High Court made the following observations: On a reading of the order however	 it is quite clear to us that paragraphs 1	 2	 3 and 4 do not state the grounds of the order. There is only one ground of the order and that is that the petitioner was acting in a manner prejudicial to the maintenance of public order and the remaining paragraphs of the order make it quite clear that what are stated 419 in paragraphs 1	 2	 3 and 4 constitute different pieces of evidence by which the authority making the order came to the conclusion that the petitioner was acting in a manner prejudicial to the maintenance of public order and therefore should be detained under the Act. " Hence	 the High Court	 on a construction of section 3 of the Act	 came to the conclusion that the grounds of detention in respect of the petitioner	 were not vague	 and that the statement in para. 4 of the detention order No. 85 dated October 8	 1958	 quoted above	 was not a ground but only a piece of evidence out of several such pieces of evidence on which the ground of detention was based. It was further pointed out that para. 4 aforesaid	 was not by itself a ground of the order	 but merely an inference of fact which had some bearing on the ground of the order. The High Court also pointed out that there was no ambiguity in the recitals	 including these in para. 4 aforesaid. In that view of the matter	 the order of detention of the petitioner was upheld	 and the Court further held that the question whether the whole ' order was bad on the ground that one of the grounds was too vague	 did not arise in the case. The petitioner moved the Calcutta High Court for a certificate that the case was a fit one for appeal to this Court. The Chief Justice of the High Court	 delivering the order of the Division Bench of that Court	 granting the necessary certificate	 observed that the view of the High Court that para. 4 aforesaid	 was not a ground of detention but only one of the items of evidence in support of the ground	 raised a serious question to be determined by this Court	 particularly because a view contrary to the one taken by the High Court in the instant case	 appeared to have been taken by this Court and by the Calcutta High Court itself in a number of decisions. That is how this appeal has come to this Court. Besides preferring the aforesaid appeal	 the petitioner moved this Court under article 32 of the Constitution	 praying for a writ in the nature of habeas corpus	 and a Constitution Bench	 by its order dated April 20	 1959	 directed that this appeal be posted for 420 hearing by a Constitution Bench	 on May 11	 1959	 on a cyclostyled paper book	 and that the filing of the petition of appeal and the statements of cases be dispensed with. The Court further ordered that the application under article 32 of the Constitution	 be posted for hearing immediately after the criminal appeal. That is how both the matters have been placed one after the other for hearing before us. The order under appeal takes the view that the various grounds of detention	 are stated in section 3 (1)(a) (i) (ii) (iii) and (b) of the Act	 and that there can be no grounds apart from those. The High Court then	 on a reading of the Order No. 85	 set out above	 has held that paragraphs 1	 2	 3 and 4 are not the grounds of detention	 as contemplated by section 3 of the Act	 but that they only constitute different pieces of evidence by which the authority making the order came to the conclusion that the petitioner was acting in a manner prejudicial to the maintenance of public order	 which was the only ground on which the order of detention in question was founded. The High Court was right in its literal construction of the order impugned in this case	 which proceeds to recite the four numbered paragraphs	 preceded by the introductory clause " as evidenced by the particulars given below. " But the case of The State of Bombay vs Atma Ram Sridhar Vaidya (1)	 has laid it down that cl (5) of article 22 of the Constitution	 confers two distinct though interrelated rights on the petitioner	 namely	 (1) the right to be informed of the grounds on which the order of detention has been made	 and (2) the right to be enabled	 at the earliest opportunity	 to make a representation against the order. This Court further pointed out in that case	 that the grounds which have a rational connection with the objects mentioned in section 3	 have to be supplied. As soon as that is done	 the first condition of a valid detention is complied with. The second condition of such a detention is fulfilled only after the detenu has been supplied with such information as will enable him to make a representation. If the information supplied in order to enable a detenu (1) ; 421 to make a representation	 does not contain sufficient particulars	 the detenu is entitled to ask for further particulars which will enable him to make a representation. Therefore	 if there is an infringement of either of the two rights	 and any one of the two conditions precedent to a valid detention	 as aforesaid	 has not been fulfilled	 the detenu has a right to approach this Court for a writ in the nature of habeas corpus. In other words	 the grounds for making an order of detention	 which have to be communicated to the detenu as soon as practicable	 are conclusions of facts	 and are not a complete recital of all the relevant facts. Therefore	 the grounds	 that is to say	 those conclusions of facts	 must be in existence when the order of detention is made	 and those conclusions of facts have to be communicated to the detenu as soon as may be. This Court	 and naturally	 the High Courts	 have treated the recitals in the orders of detention	 with particular reference to the several clauses and sub clauses of section 3 (1) (a) and (b) of the Act	 as stating the object to be achieved in making the order of detention. The order of detention may also contain recitals of facts upon which it is based. If the order of detention also contains the recitals of facts upon which it is founded	 no further question arises	 but if it does not contain the recitals of facts which form the basis of the conclusions of fact	 justifying the order of detention	 then	 as soon as may be (now	 under section 7	 within a maximum period of five days from the date of detention)	 the person detained has to be informed of those facts which are the basic facts or the reasons on which the order of detention has been made. Section 3 of the Act requires the authority making an order of detention	 to state the fact of its satisfaction that it is necessary to make the order of detention of a particular person	 with a view to preventing him from acting in a manner prejudicial to one or more of the objects contained in clauses and sub clauses of section 3 (1) (a) and (b) of the Act. Section 7 requires that the person detained should be communicated the grounds on which the order of detention has been made	 so a	 	 to afford him the earliest opportunity to make a 422 representation against the order	 to the appropriate Government. The statement of facts contemplated by section 7	 would	 thus	 constitute the grounds	 and not the matters contained in one or more of the clauses and sub clauses under section 3 (1) (a) and (b) of the Act. Section 3 also requires that when an order of detention has been made	 the State Government concerned has to be apprised of the order of detention as also of the grounds on which the order of detention has been made	 together with such other particulars as have a bearing on the order and the grounds. And finally		 after the order has been approved by the State Government	 that Government	 in its turn	 has to report to the Central Government the fact of the detention	 together with the grounds on which the order of detention had been made; and such other particulars as	 in the opinion of the State Government	 have a bearing on the necessity for the order. Thus	 on a consideration of the provisions of sections 3 and 7 of the Act	 it may be observed that the detenu has to be served with a copy of the order passed by the authority contemplated by sub section (2) of section 3	 containing	 firstly	 recitals in terms of one or more of the subclauses of cl. (a) and (b) of section 3(1)	 which we may call the 'Preamble '	 and secondly	 the grounds contemplated by section 7	 namely	 the conclusions of fact which have led to the passing of the order of detention	 informing the detenu as to why he was being detained. lf the grounds do not contain all the particulars necessary for enabling the detenu to make his representation against the order of his detention	 he may ask for further particulars of the facts	 and the authority which passed the order of detention is expected to furnish all that information	 subject	 of course	 to the provisions of sub section (2) of section 7 ; that is to say	 the person detained shall not be entitled to the disclosure of such facts as the authority making the order	 considers against public interest to disclose. Thus	 the order of detention to be served upon the person detained would usually consist of the first two parts	 namely	 the preamble and the grounds	 but it may also consist of the third part	 namely	 the 423 particulars	 if and when they are required or found to be necessary. But it has to be noted that the particular		 referred to in sub sections (3) and (4) of section 3	 would not be identical with the particulars which we have called the third part of the order. The State Government	 as also the Central Government	 would	 naturally	 be placed in possession of all the relevant facts and particulars on which the order of detention has been passed. But those particulars may contain such details of facts as may not be communicated	 in public interest	 to the person detained. From what has been said above	 it is clear that the High Court was in error in so far as it treated what we have called the preamble ' as the grounds of detention contemplated by section 7 of the Act. But this error	 as will presently appear	 has not affected the legality	 propriety or correctness of the order passed by the High Court in the habeas corpus proceedings before it. The High Court	 as already indicated	 after making those observations which we have held to be erroneous	 proceeded further to say that there was no ambiguity in the recitals of facts	 as the High Court characterised them and which we have called the grounds. The contention raised before the High Court has been repeated before us	 that the grounds contained in para. 4	 are vague and indefinite	 not enabling the person detained to make his representation. It will appear from the paragraph aforesaid that the petitioner intended to proceed to Delhi on October 9	1958	 with a view to instigating plans against the personal security of the Prime Minister. It is clear that the place	 date and purpose of the planned nefarious activity	 have all been stated as clearly as could be expected. But it was argued that it was also necessary to state the details of the plan to be hatched in Delhi. There are several answers to this contention. Paragraph 4 has reference to something which was apprehended but lay in the womb of the future. From the nature of the fact that it was not an event which had already happened but what was apprehended to be in the contemplation of the detenu and his associates	 if any	 no further details of the plan could possibly be 424 disclosed. As was observed in the decision of this Court in The State of Bombay vs Atma Ram Sridhar Vaidya (1) (at pp. 184 and 185)	 vagueness is a relative term. Its meaning must vary with the facts and circumstances of each case. What may be said to be vague in one case	 may not be so in another	 and it could not be asserted as a general rule that a ground is necessarily vague if the only answer of the detained person can be to deny it. If the statement of facts is capable of being clearly understood and is sufficiently definite to enable the detained person to make his representation	 it cannot be said that it is vague. Further	 it cannot be denied that particulars of what has taken place	 can be more definitely stated than those of events which are yet in the offing. In the very nature of things	 the main object of the Act is to prevent persons from doing something which comes within the purview of any one of the sub clauses of cl. (a) of section 3(1) of the Act. It was next contended that some of the grounds at least are irrelevant. This was not said of the first paragraph of the grounds	 set out above. It was said of paragraphs 2	 3 and 4 that they are irrelevant to the main object of the order of detention	 namely	 the "maintenance of public order". In our opinion	 there is no substance in this contention either. All the statements in the four paragraphs of the grounds	 which have to be read together as being parts of a connected whole	 calling upon persons to " build up strong movement against the implementation of Nehru Noon Pact"	 and to "rouse passions by alleging that the Indian Prime Minister had no sympathy for West Bengal"	 cannot be said to be wholly unconnected with the maintenance of public order. Similarly	 denouncing the agreement between the two Prime Ministers and stressing the need of forming a militia with the youths of the country	 cannot be said to have no repercussions on the maintenance of public order. And lastly	 any instigation against the personal safety of the Prime Minister of India cannot but have a deleterious effect on the maintenance of public order	 (1) ; 425 It was sought to be argued that any weak link in the chain of facts and circumstances	 said to have been the basis of the order of detention	 would affect the legality of the whole order. This argument postulates that there are many grounds which are either vague or irrelevant. In this connection	 particular reliance was placed on the observations of this Court in Dwarka Dass Bhatia vs The State of Jammu and Kashmir (1)	 to the effect that if some of the reasons on which the order of detention had been based	 are found to be non existent or irrelevant	 the Court ought to quash the order	 because it is not in a position to know which of the reasons or the grounds	 had operated on the mind of the authorities concerned	 when they decided the pass the impugned order. As already pointed out	 no such situation arises in this case	 because	 in our opinion	 none of the grounds is either vague or irrelevant. It may also be pointed out that the ground of irrelevance wag not urged before the High Court	 but even so	 we allowed the petitioner 's counsel to urge that ground before us	 and having heard him on that aspect of the matter	 we have no doubt that there is no justification for the contention that any of the matters taken into consideration by the authorities concerned in the matter of the detention of the petitioner	 was irrelevant. For the reasons given above	 it must be held that there is no merit in this appeal or in the application under article 32 of the Constitution. They are	 accordingly	 dismissed. Appeal and application dismissed.

The appellant was detained under section 3(1)(a)(ii) of the Pre ventive Detention Act	 1950. The copy of the grounds of the order of detention served on him stated that he was detained as he had been acting in a way prejudicial to the maintenance of public order as evidenced by the particulars stated in its four paragraphs. Paragraph 1 stated	 inter alia	 that the appellant had	 in a meeting of the refugees vilified the Prime Minister of India for his unsympathetic attitude towards the sufferings of the refugees and gave expression to violent feelings regarding his person while referring to the recent Nehru Noon Pact; paragraph 2 stated that he called upon the members of his party to build up a strong movement against the implementation of the pact and tried to rouse passion by alleging the Prime Minister had no sympathy for West Bengal; paragraph 3 stated that at another meeting he denounced the pact and stressed the need of forming a militia with the youths of the country for the safety of the people living in border areas and paragraph 4	 that he intended to proceed to Delhi on the date mentioned	 and was likely to instigate plans endangering the personal safety of the Prime Minister. The High Court	 on an application under sections 491 and 561A of the Code of Criminal Procedure for the issue of a writ of habeas corpus	 while upholding the order of detention	 held that the said paragraphs were really not the grounds of detention but merely pieces of evidence on which the only ground of detention	 namely	 acting in a manner prejudicial to the maintenance of public order	 was based	 that paragraph 4 was merely an inference of fact having a bearing on the ground of detention. It was contended	 inter alia	 on appeal that paragraph 4 was extremely vague and devoid of particulars	 and that the allegations made had no rational connection with the objects mentioned in section 3 of the Act and so he was deprived of his right to make an effective representation. All this was	 however	 denied on behalf of the State. Held	 that the High Court had overlooked the difference between the objects of detention specified in cls. (a) and (b) of section 3(1) of the Act and the statement of facts which constitute the grounds envisaged by section 7 of the Act. 412 Sections 3 and 7 of the 	 read together	 contemplate that the copy of the order passed by the detaining authority under section 3(2) Of the Act to be served on the detenu should contain	 (1) a preamble reciting in terms one or more of the sub clauses of cls. (a) and (b) of section 3(1) as its object or objects	 (2) the grounds contemplated by section 7	 namely	 the conclusions of fact	 which led to the passing of the order of detention	 informing the detenu as to why he was detained	 and (3) particulars	 if and where necessary	 but not those referred to in sub sections (3) and (4) Of section 3 of the Act. In the instant case	 however	 the error of confusion made by the High Court could not invalidate its order since the grounds of detention	 characterised by the High Court as recitals of fact	 read together	 were in no way ambiguous	 indefinite or irrelevant to the object of the detention	 namely	 the maintenance of public order and did not deprive the detenu of his right of representation. The State of Bombay vs Atma Ram Sridhay Vaidya [1951] S.C.R. 167	 considered. Dwarka Das Bhatia vs The State of Jammu Kashmir. ; 	 held inapplicable.