Summarize the following court judgment. Civil Appeal No. 3187 of 1982 From the Judgment and Order dated 22.1.1974 of the Allahabad High Court in C.M.P. No. 1395 of 1968. 872 A.R. Gupta for the Appellant. B. Datta	 Rishi Kesh	 Badri Prasad	 Ajit Pudissary	 Girish Chandra and Ms. A. Subhashini for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by DESAI	 J. Another unequal fight between a giant public sector undertaking: Oil and Natural Gas Commission (Corporation ' for short) and a Store Keeper which has been brought to this Court by the ultra legalist stand taken by the Corporation which lacks equanimity and smacks of victimisation. The appellant was appointed as Assistant Store Keeper in April	 1962 and was posted at Dehradun. Later on when the Corporation decided to recruit Store Keeper	 the appellant was selected in open competition and was appointed on December 7	 1963 as such. He was posted at Cambay	 Gujrat and later on December 24	 1963 sent back to Dehradun. The office order dated February 26	 1964 recites that the appellant has been appointed as Store Keeper till further orders and the post is sanctioned for the period February 7	 1964 to February 29	 1964. In other words	 a man selected in an open competition was offered the post which was to last for 22 days roughly. He was also told that his appointment was purely temporary and that other terms of service were those as set out in the letter dated December 7	 1963	 one of which was that the appellant will be on probation for a period of six months from the date of the appointment and the same may be extended at the discretion of the appointing authority and that the appointment may be terminated at any time by a months ' notice given by either side. On January 13	 1965	 the appellant was informed in writing by the Memorandum No. PF/K 44 /64 ENT that the appellant on successful completion of the probation period of six months	 is continued in service on regular basis until further orders. By office order dated April 6	 1947	 the appellant who was described as Store keeper	 Grade I Mech. Branch was transferred to Cambay Nawagam project. This transfer order was challenged by the appellant on diverse grounds in a suit filed by him. He sought an interim in 873 junction restraining the respondents from implementing the order of transfer. Interim injunction as prayed for was granted. The Oil & Natural Gas Commission Employees Mazdoor Sabha (Union for short)	 Dehradun submitted a charter of demands on May 15	 1967 and it was followed by a notice threatening direct action by the members of the Union. It appears that the appellant was an active worker of the Union. The usual management response emerged be a secret letter dated September 1	 1967. Shri R.P. Sharma	 Chief Engineer under whom the appellant was at the relevant time working was told that the appellant is the main trouble maker and that he is being given free hand by his immediate superiors and that the Chief Engineer did not keep strict vigilance over the activities of the appellant. The employees of the Corporation went on strike on September 12	 1967. It was called off on September 24	 1967. On September 28	 1967	 the Union submitted a list of workmen to the Corporation requesting the Corporation to give them the status of protected workmen as required by Sec. 33 (4) of the . Appellant 's name appears at section No. 2 in this letter. On December 27	 1967 the Union complained of victimisation of the active union workers including the appellant On December 29	 1967 Office Order No. M (Engg) 1 (1)/67 was issued by which the services of the appellant were terminated with immediate effect in accordance with the terms and conditions of his service. A cheque in the amount of Rs. 317 accompanied the order being one month 's pay in lieu of notice. The appellant challenged in Writ Petition No. 1395/68 in the Allahabad High Court the legality and validity of the order terminating his services. A Division Bench of the Allahabad High Court held that despite the order dated January 13	 1965 that on successful completion of the probation period	 the appellant has been appointed on a regular basis as Store Keeper	 he was none the less a temporary employee of the Corporation till the date on which his services were terminated. The High Court further held that the Corporation is not an industrial establishment within the meaning of the expression in and therefore the Model Standing Orders enacted under the Act were not applicable to the undertaking of the Corporation. However	 the High Court examined an alternative contention that 874 assuming that the Industrial Establishment (Standing (Orders) Act	 1946 does apply to the undertaking of the Corporation	 yet in view of the provisions contained in Sec. 13B of the Act	 no provisions of the Act would apply to the undertaking of the Corporation. The High Court repelled the contention of the appellant that the order of termination of service is violative of Oil and Natural Gas Commission (Conduct	 Discipline and Appeal)	 Regulations	 1964 observing that as the service of the appellant was not dispensed with on the allegation of misconduct	 but as it was an order of termination of service simpliciter in accordance with the Regulation 25	 no other regulation is shown to have been contravened by the impugned order. The High Court rejected the submission on behalf of the appellant that as the Corporation is a State or at any rate instrumentality of the State ' as contemplated by article 12 of the Constitution and therefore	 the appellant is entitled to the protection of Art 14 and 16 observing that 'it is not the requirement of law that in order to dismiss one employee on the ground of unsuitability	 the Government or the Corporation is required to dismiss all an observation which has left us guessing for its content and meaning. The Division Bench finally concluded that as the service of the appellant were terminated not because of any personal bias of the officers of the Corporation but because of his unsatisfactory work	 the allegation of mala fides cannot be upheld. Accordingly	 the writ petition was dismissed with no order as to costs. Hence this appeal by special leave. Mr. B. Datta	 learned counsel who appeared for the respondents did not press before us the contention that the Corporation is not an instrumentality of the State. In view of the numerous decisions of this Court and especially one in Sukhdev Singh & Ors. vs Bhagatram Sardar Singh Raghuvanshi & Anr.(1)	 a Constitution Bench of this Court in terms held that 'the Oil and Natural Gas Commission is an instrumentality of the State and is comprehended in the expression other authority ' in article 12	 and that any termination of service of the employee of the Corporation	 if (1) [197513 S.C.R. 619. 875 successfully questioned would permit the court to make a declaration that the employee continues to be in service. ' Even if the employees of the Corporation	 which is an instrumentality of the State	 cannot the be said to be the members of a civil service of the Union or an All India service or hold any civil post under the Union	 for the purpose of article 310 and 311 and therefore	 not entitled to the protection of article 311	 they would none theless be entitled to the protection of the fundamental rights enshrined in article 14 and 16 of the Constitution. In other words	 they would be entitled to the protection of equality in the matter of employment in public service and they cannot be dealt with in an arbitrary manner. (See A.L. Kalra vs Project and Equipment Corporation of India Ltd.)(1). The next question is whether the service of the appellant was terminated in accordance with law or regulation or in a thoroughly arbitrary manner ? Factual matrix set out hereinbefore will affirmatively show that on successful completion of his probation period	 the appellant was appointed on the regular establishment as Store Keeper. Thus effective from 13	 1965	 the appellant was appointed on regular basis as Store Keeper. There is nothing to show in the order that on completion of the probation period	 he was appointed as a temporary Store Keeper. The words used are: 'He is continued in service on a regular basis until further orders. ' The expression 'until further orders ' suggest an indefinite period. It is difficult to construe it as clothing him with the status of a temporary employee. It is even worst than being a probationer because the apprehended further order may follow the very next day. Therefore	 the expression until further order ' being thoroughly irrelevant has to be ignored. It is even inconsistent with the appointment on regular basis as stated in that very order. If the appellant was appointed on regular basis	 his service cannot be terminated by one month 's notice. If it is by way of punishment	 as the High Court has found it to be so	 it will be violative of the principles of natural justice in that no opportunity was given to the appellant to clear himself of the (1) 11984] 3 S.C.C. 317. 876 alleged misconduct which never found its expression on paper but which remained in the minds of those passing the order of termination of service. If it is discharge simpliciter	 it would be violative of article 16 because a number of Store Keepers junior to the appellant are shown to have been retained in service and the appellant cannot be picked arbitrarily. He had the protection of article 16 which confers on him the fundamental right of equality and equal treatment in the matter of public employment. Mr. Datta however	 contended that the earlier order dated December 7	 1963 recites that the appointment could be terminated by either side by one month 's notice and that was the power invoked in terminating the service of the appellant. The order dated December 7	 1963 was at the time when the appellant was appointed on probation. On successful completion of probation	 the appellant became a member of the regular establishment. The contract of service	 if any	 has to be in tune with article 14 and 16 and such unilateral power of termination of service without giving reasons is so abhorent that it smacks of discrimination and therefore	 violative of article 14. The High Court brushed aside this aspect by merely observing that in order to dismiss one employee on the ground of unsuitability	 the Government or the Corporation is not required to dismiss all '. If it is suggested that you can dismiss anyone without a semblance of an enquiry or without whisper of the principles of natural justice	 then such an approach overlooks the well established principle that where State action affects livelihood or attaches stigma	 the punitive action can be taken after holding an enquiry according to the principles of natural justice. In other words	 an unbiased Judge	 and an opportunity to controvert the allegation and to clear oneself are the minimum principles of natural justice which must inform such drastic power of dismissal affecting livelihood of an employee. If the observation of the High Court was with reference to the contention of the order being violative of article 14 and 16	 it overlooks the fact that the Corporation attempted to sustain its action on the ground that the services of the appellant were no more required which will certainly impel the court to enquire whether the post had been abolished or whether retaining the juniors	 the inconvenient person was thrown out under the garb of being surplus. Therefore	 the approach of the High Court in this behalf is not appreciable. 877 Accepting the finding of the High Court that the appellant was removed from service on the ground of his unsatisfactory work	 the same could not have been done without an enquiry in accordance with principles of natural justice. At any rate the action appears to be thoroughly arbitrary. If the facts are properly viewed this public sector corporation has disclosed the typical private employer 's unconcealed dislike and detestation of an active trade unionist. From the facts stated in the earlier portion of the judgment	 it appears that appellant was a protected workman. Add to this the fact that the secret letter of Mr. L J. Johnson dated September 6	 1967 reveals the inner working of the mind of the top brass of the Corporation when Mr. Johnson states that Mr. Joshi (appellant) ;5 the main trouble maker in the corporation. Earlier on March 29 1967	 the Assistant Director wrote to the Director of Stores to transfer the appellant from Dehradun to Assam	 the usual management response namely	 to transfer the active trade union worker to weaken the trade union movement. Even a charge of victimisation qua the appellant was made in writing. The then Petroleum Minister Mr. Ashok Mehta wrote to Mr. Natwarlal Shah. ONG Employees Mazdoor Sabha wherein he assured that the Corporation would not be interested in victimising anyone and yet soon after within three months	 the services of the appellant were terminated. And now reasons for the termination of service of the appellant may be examined. The appellant is considered unsuitable for the job as found by the High Court. How he became unsuitable is an aspect not even examined by the High Court. On the contrary one has to refer to several communications eulogizing the services of the appellant which have been placed on record. One Ganga Ram	 Personnel Officer	 ONGC	 Tel Bhavan	 Dehradun has certified on August 26	 1964 that Shri Joshi was found to be 'very sincere	 conscientious dependable and hard working official and he is very much loyal to his duties as Store Keeper and he has done exceedingly well ' He also states that Mr. Joshi knows his job thoroughly well '. On April 15	1965	 the Controller of Stores and Purchase	 the immediate superior of the appellant writes that 'Mr. Joshi knows his work very well and he is very conversant with the purchase work	 accounting and maintenance of stores. He is a very bright young man of blameless character and would do very well in any position of responsibility '. This letter of appreciation was sent when the 878 officer was relinquishing his charge of the post of Controller of Stores and Purchase. On January 16.1968	 the Chief Engineer Shri R P. Sharma has issued a certificate in which it is stated that he found Mr. Joshi sincere	 intelligent and hard working young man fully trust worthy and dependable for any confidence that may be reposed in him '. This will clearly show that the charge of unsuitability was either cooked up or conjured up for a collateral purpose of doing away with the service of an active trade union worker who because of his activities became an eye sore. Accordingly we are unable to agree with the view taken by the High Court that the termination of service was legal	 valid or justified. This appeal will accordingly succeed. The question then is: what relief we must grant ? Ordinarily	 where the order of termination of service is shown to be bad and illegal	 the necessary declaration must follow that the employee continues to be in an uninterrupted service and he is entitled to full backwages. We would have been perfectly justified in giving the declaration and making that order. However	 the appellant is out of service from December 29	 1967 till today. A period of nearly 18 years have rolled by and he will have to go back to some chagarined master. We therefore	 enquired from the learned counsel appearing for the appellant whether substantial and adequate compensation would be more acceptable to him or reinstatement with backwages. The appellant opted for the latter and Mr. B. Datta learned counsel for the commission conceded that the Corporation would willingly pay Rs. 2 lakhs as and by way of backwages and compensation in lieu of reinstatement. This matter was adjourned to enable learned counsel for the appellant to work out the spread over of backwages. Mr. A.K. Gupta	 learned counsel for the appellant has submitted the calculations of backwages. The figures therein set out are not disputed. We accept the same and treat it as part of the judgment. A copy of it shall always be annexed to the copy of this judgment. Accordingly this appeal is allowed and the judgment of the High Court is quashed and set aside and the rule is made absolute in the writ petition. The Oil and Natural Gas Commission is directed 879 to pay Rs. 2 lakhs to the appellant on the basis of the calculations herein submitted in lieu of backwages and compensation in lieu of reinstatement within a period of four weeks from today. In view of the computation made in respect of backwages and compensation from year and year	 we must make it abundantly clear whether the Commission would be entitled to deduct income tax while making the payment. In this connection we would follow the decision of this Court in Shri Sant Raj & Anr. vs O.P. Singla & Anr.(1) In tune with that decision we give the following decision. Now that the amount is being paid in one lump sum	 it is likely that the employer may take recourse to Sec. 192 of the Income Tax Act	 1961 which provides that when any person responsible for paying any income chargeable under the head 'Salaries ' shall	 at the time of payment deduct income tax on the amount payable at the average rate of income tax computed on the basis of the rates in force for the financial year in which the payment is made	 on the estimated income of the assessee under this head for that financial year. If therefore the employer proceeds to deduct the income tax as provided by Sec. 192	 we would like to make it abundantly clear that each appellant would be entitled to the relief under Sec. 89 of the Income Tax Act which provides that where	 by reason of any portion of assessee 's salary being paid in arrears or in advance or by reason of his having received in any one financial year salary for more than 12 months or a payment which under the provisions of clause (3) of Section 17 is a profit in lieu of salary	 his income is assessed at a rate higher than that it would otherwise have been assessed	 the Income Tax Officer shall on an application made to him in this behalf grant such relief as may be prescribed. The prescribed relief is set out in Rule 21A of the Income tax Rules. The appellant is entitled to relief under Sec. 89 because compensation herein awarded includes salary which has been in arrear for 18 years as also the compensation in lieu of reinstatement and the relief should be given as provided by Sec. 89 of the Income tax Act (1) 880 read with Rule " IA of the Income Tax Rules. The appellant indisputably is entitled to the same. If any application is necessary to be made	 the appellant may submit the same to the competent authority and the Commission shall assist the appellant for obtaining the relief. The appeal is allowed as herein indicated	 with no order as to costs. N.V.K. Appeal allowed.

The appellant was initially appointed in the Respondent Public Sector Undertaking as an Assistant Store Keeper and later selected as a Store Keeper. The office order recited that the appellant had been appointed as Store Keeper till further orders	 that his appointment was purely temporary	 that he will be on probation for period of 6 months	 and that the appointment may be terminated at any time by a month 's notice. On successful completion of the probation period of six months	 the appellant was informed that 'he was continued in service on a regular basis until further order. ' The appellant was later transfer red and the Transfer Order was challenged by him in a suit	 and an obtained an interim order restraining the undertaking from implementing the transfer order. The Employees ' Union submitted a charter of demands and it was followed by a notice threatening direct action by the members of the Union. The appellant was an active worker of the union. The employees went on strike	 and 870 the Union submitted a list of workmen to the Corporation requesting the Corporation to give them the status of protected workmen as required by section 33(4 of the industrial Disputes Act	 1947. The Appellant 's name appeared at S.No 2 in the Letter. By an Office Order the services of the appellant were terminated with immediate effect in accordance with the terms and conditions of the service	 and a cheque for one month 's pay in lieu of notice accompanied the order. The appellant challenged the legality and validity of the order terminating his service in a Writ Petition and a Division Bench of the High Court dismissed the Petition. It held that though on successful completion of the probation period	 the appellant had been appointed on a regular basis as Store Keeper	 he was non the less a temporary employee of the Corporation till the date on which his services were terminated. The Corporation was not an Industrial Establishment within the meaning of the expression in the and therefore the Model Standing Orders enacted under the Act were not applicable to the Corporation. The Order of termination of service was not violative of the Oil and Natural Gas Commission (Conduct	 Discipline and Appeal) Regulations	 1964 as the service of the appellant was not dispensed with on the allegation of misconduct	 but it was an order of termination of service simpliciter in accordance with Regulation 25. As the service of the appellant were terminated not because of any personal bias of the officers of the Corporation	 but because of his unsatisfactory work	 the allegation of mala fides cannot be upheld. Allowing the appeal to this Court	 ^ HELD: 1 The judgment or the High Court is quashed and set aside and the rule is made absolute in the writ petition. The Oil and Natural Gas Commission is directed to pay Rs.2 lakhs to the appellant in lieu of backwages and compensation in lieu of reinstatement within a period of four weeks. The appellant is entitled to relief under section 89	 Income Tax Act	 1961 read with Rules 21 A of the Income Tax Rule	 because the compensation awarded include salary which had been in arrears for 18 years as also the compensation in lieu of reinstatement [878H	 879A	 E G] 2. If the appellant was appointed on regular basis	 his service cannot be terminated by one month 's notice. If it was by way of punishment	 as the High Court has found it to be so	 termination is violative of the principles of natural justice in that no opportunity was given to the appellant to clear himself of the alleged misconduct which proved the real bans for making of the order of termination of service. If it is discharge simpliciter	 it would be violative of Article 16	 because a number of store keepers junior to the appellant are shown to have been retained in the service and cannot be picked arbitrarily. He had the protection of Article 16 which confers on him the fundamental right of equality and equal treatment in the matter of public employment. The several communications which include a letter of appreciation and 871 a certificate eulogizing the services of the appellant	 clearly show that the charge of unsuitability was either cooked up or conjured up for a collateral purpose of doing away with the service of an active trade union worker who because of his activities became an eye sore. The view taken by the High Court that the termination of service was legal	 valid or justified is not therefore tenable. [877H	 878C] 4. Ordinarily	 where the order of termination of service is shown to be bad and illegal	 the necessary declaration must follow that the employee continues to be in an uninterrupted serviced and he is entitled to full back wages. [878D] In the instant case	 the appellant was out of service from December 29	 1967.A period of nearly 18 years have rolled by and he would have to go back to some chagarined master. On enquiry	 the appellant informed that substantial and adequate compensation would be more acceptable to him than reinstatement with backwages. [878E] Shri Sant Raj & Anr. vs Sh. O.P.Singla & Anr Civil Appeal No. 650/82 dated April 9	 1985 referred to. An unbiased Judge	 and an opportunity to controvert the allegation and to clear oneself are the minimum principles of natural justice which must inform the drastic power of dismissal affecting the livelihood of an employee. [876F] 6. The Oil and Natural Gas Commission is an instrumentality of the State and is comprehended in the expression 'other authority ' in article 12	 and any termination of service of the employee of the Corporation	 if successfully questioned would permit the court to make a declaration that the employee continues to be in service. Even if the employees of the Corporation	 which is an instrumentality of the State	 cannot be said to be the members of a civil service of the Union or an All India Service	 or hold any civil post under the Union	 for the purpose of Articles 310 and 311 and therefore	 not entitled to the protection of article 311	 they would none the less be entitled to the protection of the fundamental rights enshrined in Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution that is they would be entitled to the protection of equality in the matter of employment in public service and they cannot be dealt with in an arbitrary manner. [874G; 875C] Sukhdev Singh & Ors. vs Bhagatram Sardar Singh Raghuvanshi & Anr	 ; and A. L. Kalra vs Project and Equipment Corporation of India Ltd.	 referred to.