Summarize the following court judgment. tition No. 4305 of 1978. Under Article 32 of the Constitution. N. M. Ghatate and section V. Deshpande. for the Petitioner Soli J. Sorabjee	 Addl. General and Girish Chandra for the Respondent. The order of the Court was delivered by KRISHNA IYER	 J. A litigation with a social dimension	 even in a blinkered adversary system	 serves a larger cause than the limited lis before the court. This petition	 with non specific reliefs	 is One such. Sobraj	 the petitioner	 by the frequency of his forensic com plaints against incarceratory torture and Dr. Ghatate	 his counsel by the piquancy of his hortative advocacy of freedom behind bars. have sought to convert the judicial process from a constitutional sentinel of prison justice which	 emphatically	 it is into a meticulous auditor general of jail cells which	 pejoratively	 it is not although	 on occasions	 'thin partition do their bounds divide`. Often	 as here	 the fountain of confusion in penitentiary jurisprudence is forgetfulness of fundamentals. Once the legal basics are stated	 Sobraj	 with his disingenuous	 finical grievances	 will be out of court. What are the governing principles	 decisionally set down by this court in Batra and Sobraj? Has the court jurisdiction to decide prisoners ' charges of violation of rights ? If it has	 can it meddle with the prison administration and its problems of security and discipline from an 'innocent ' distance ? Put tersely	 both the 'hands off. doctrine and the 'take over ' theory have been rebuffed as untenable extremes and a middle round has been found of intervening when constitutional rights or statutory prescriptions are transgressed to the injury of the prisoner and declining where lesser matters of institutional order and man management	 though irksome to some	 are alone involved. Contemporary profusion of prison torture reports makes it necessary to drive home the obvious	 to shake prison top brass from the callous complacency of unaccountable autonomy within that walled off world of human held incommunicado. Whenever fundamental rights are flouted or legislative protection ignored	 to any prisoner 's prejudice	 this Court 's writ will run	 breaking through stone walls and iron bars	 to right the wrong and restore the rule of law. Then the 515 parrot cry of discipline will not deter	 of security will not scare of discretion will not dissuade	 the judicial process. For if courts 'cave in" when great rights are gouged within the sound proof	 sight proof precincts of prison houses	 where	 often	 dissenters and minorities are caged	 Bastilles will be re enacted. When law and tyranny begins: and history whispers	 iron has never been the answer to the rights of men. Therefore we affirm that imprisonment does not spell farewell to fundamental rights although	 by a realistic re appraisal	 courts will refuse to recognise the full panoply of Part III enjoyed by a citizen. This proposition was not contested by the learned Additional Solicitor General Sri Soli Sorabjee. Nor does its soundness depend	 for us	 upon the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. article 21	 read with article 19(1) (d) and (5)	 is capable of wider application than the imperial mischief which gave its birth and must draw Its meaning from the evolving standards of decency and dignity that mark the progress of a mature society	 as Batra and Sobraj have underscored and the American judges have highlighted. Fair procedure is the soul of article 21	 reasonableness of the restriction is the essence of article 19(S) and sweeping discretion degenerating into arbitrary discrimination is anathema for article 14. Constitutional kurana is thus injected into incarceratory strategy to produce prison justice. And as an annotation of article 21	 this Court has adopted	 in Kharak Singh 's case(I) that expanded connotation of 'life ' given by Field	 J. which we quote as reminder: "Something more than mere animal existence. the inhibition against its deprivation extends to all those limbs and faculties by which life is enjoyed. The provision equally prohibits the mutilation of the body by the amputation of an arm or leg	 or the putting out of an eye	 or the destruction of any other organ of the body through which the soul communicates with the outer world". The next axiom of prison justice is the court 's continuing duty and authority to ensure that the judicial warrant which deprives a person of his life or liberty is not exceeded	 subverted or stultified lt is a sort of solemn covenant running with the power to sentence. The U.S. Courts have intensified their oversight of State penal facilities reflecting a heightened concern with the extent to which the ills that plague so called correctional institutions violate basic rights. points out Edward section Crowin. Although. the learned author	 and. (1) [1964] I SCR 357. (2) Supplement to Edward section Corwin 's "The constitution ' and What it means Today; 1976 Edn. p. 245. 516 indeed	 the decisions show that reliance is placed on the Eighth: Amendment	 as we have earlier pointed out. the same. sensitized attention and protective process emanate from the humane provisions of Part III of our Constitution. Viewed differently	 supposing	 a court sentences a person to simple imprisonment or assigns him 'B ' class treatment and the jail authorities unwittingly or vindictively put him under rigorous imprisonment or subject him to 'C ' class treatment	 does it not show contempt of the court 's authority and deprivation of liberty beyond a degree validated by the court warrant ? Likewise	 where a prisoner is subjected to brutality	 exploiting the fact that he is helplessly within the custody of the Jail Administration	 does it not deprive the prisoner of his life and liberty beyond the prescribed limits set by the court ? Yet again	 where conditions within a prison are such that inmates incarcerated therein will inevitably and necessarily become more sociapathic than they were prior to the sentence	 is not the court ' punitive purpose	 charged with healing hope	 stultified by the prison authorities ? of course	 where a prison practice or internal instruction places harsh restrictions on jail life	 breaching	 guaranteed rights. the court directly comes in. Every prison sentence is a conditioned deprivation of life and liberty	 with civilised norms built in and unlimited trauma interdicted. In this sense	 judicial policing of prison practices is implied in the sentencing power. The Criminal judiciary have thus a duty to guardian their sentences and visit prisons hen necessarily. Many of them do not know or exercise this obligation. Another jurisdictional facet may be touched upon in view of the widely worded relief sought to treat Sobraj 'in a human and dignified manner	 keeping in view the adverse effect of` his confinement upon his mental and physical conditions . The penological goals which may be regarded as reasonable justification For restricting the right to move freely within the confines of a penitentiary are now well settled. And if prisoners have title to Article 19	 21 and 14 rights	 subject to the limitation we have indicated	 there must be some correlation between deprivation of freedom and the legitimate functions of a correctional system. It is now well settled	 as a stream of rulings of courts proves	 that deterrence	 both specific and general	 rehabilitation and institutional security are vital considerations. Compassion wherever possible and cruelty only where inevitable is the art of correctional confinement. When prison policy advances such a valid goal	 the court will not intervene officiously. 517 This overall attitude was incorporated as a standard by the American National Advisory Commission on Crimine Justice Standards and Goals: '. . A rehabilitative purpose is or ought to be implicit in every sentence of an offender unless ordered otherwise by the sentencing court ' '.(l) The U.S. Supreme Court summed up: "In a series of decisions this court has held that	 even though the governmental purpose be legitimate anti substantial	 that purpose cannot be pursued by means that broadly stifle fundamental personal liberties when the and can by more narrowly achieved. The breadth of legislative abridgment must be viewed in the light of less drastic means for achieving	 the same basic purpose."( ') But when an inmate is cruelly restricted in a manner which supports no such relevant purpose the restriction becomes unreasonable and arbitrary and unconstitutionality is the consequence. Traumatic ` futility is obnoxious to pragmatic legality. Social defence is the raison of the penal code and bears upon judicial control over prison administration. If a whole atmosphere of constant fear of violence	 frequent torture and denial of opportunity to improve oneself is created or if medical facilities and basic elements of care arid comfort necessary to sustain life are refused then also the humane jurisdiction of the court will become operational based on article 19 '. Other forms of brutal unreasonableness and anti rehabilitative attitude violative of constitutionality may be thought of in n penal system but we wish to lay down only a broad guideline that where policies. with a 'Zoological touch '	 which do not serve valid penal objectives are pursued in penitentiaries so as to inflict conditions so unreasonable as to frustrate the ability of inmates to engage in rehabilitations. the court is not helpless. However as prison system may make rational distinctions in making assignments to inmates of vocational. educational Land work opportunities available but it is constitutionally impermissible to do sc without as functional classification system. The mere fact that a prisoner is poor or rich	 high born or ill bred	 is certainly irrational as a differential ill a secular socialist high republic '. Since the petitioner charges the jail staff with barbaric and inhuman treatment in prison we are called upon to delineate the broad boundaries of judicial jurisdiction vis a vis prison administration and prisoner 's rights. (I) "To solve The age old Problem of crime" Roger Lanphear; J. D. p 19 (2) Ibid pr 21 518 The court is reluctant to intervene in the day to day operation of the State penal system; but undue harshness and avoidable tantrums	 under the guise of discipline and security	 gain no immunity from court writs. The reason is	 prisoners retain all rights enjoyed by free citizens except those lost necessarily as an incident of confinement. Moreover	 the rights enjoyed by prisoners under Articles 14	 19 and 21	 though limited	 are not static and will rise to human heights when challenging situations arise. Cooper(1) and Menaka Gandhi(2) have thus compulsive consequence benignant to prisoners. The petitioner in the present case has contended that barbaric and inhuman treatment have been hurled at him and that intentional discrimination has been his lot throughout. These allegations invited us to examine the limits and purpose of judicial jurisdiction but we have to apply the principles so laid down to the facts of the present case. Starry abstractions do not make sense except in the context of concrete facts. That is why we agree with the propositions Of law urged by Dr. Ghatate but disagree with the distress and discrimination his client wails about. True	 confrontedm with cruel conditions of confinement	 the court has an expanded role. True	 the light to life is more than mere animal existence	 or vegetable subsistence.(3) True	 the worth of the human person and dignity and divinity of every individual inform articles 19 and 21 even in a prison setting. True	 constitutional provisions and municipal laws must interpreted in the light of the normative laws of nations	 wherever possible and a prisoner does not forfeit his Part lII rights. But that are the facts here ? Charles Sobraj is no longer an under trial. having to serve two sentence of long imprisonment. He is given all the amenities of .1 'B ' class prisoner. He goes on hunger strike but medical men take care of him. Ward I	 where he is lodged	 gives him the facilities of wards XIll and XIV where he wants to he moved. He has record of one escape and one attempt at suicide and Interpol reports of many crimes abroad. There are several cases pending in India against him. Even so	 the barbarity of bat fetters inflicted on him lay a qualmless jail staff was abandoned under orders of this Court. he seeks the other extreme of of coddling as if a jail were a country club or good hotel. Give me finer foreigners as companions. he demands. Don 't keep convict cooks and warders as (1) [1971] l SCR Sl2. (2) [1978] l SCR 248 (3) Mohammed Giasuddin vs State of Andhra Pradeh. ; 519 jailmated in my cell he rails. Remove me from a high security ward like Ward I to a more relaxed ward like Ward 14 or 13	 he solicits. These delicate and genteel requests from a prisoner with his record and potential were turned down by the Superintendent and the reasons for such rejection	 based on security	 rules and allergy of other inmates to be his risky fellow inmates have been stated on oath. We cannot be critical of the Administration if it makes a classification between dangerous prisoners and ordinary prisoners. In the present case	 the Superintendent swears	 and it is undisputed	 that the petitioner is not under solitary confinement. We further aver that a distinction between under trials and convicts is reasonable and the petitioner is now a convict. In fact	 lazy relaxation on security is a professional risk inside a prison. The court must not rush in where the jailor fears to tread. While the country may not make the prison boss the sole sadistic arbiter of incarcerated humans	 the community may be in no mood to hand over central prisons to be run by courts. Each instrumentality must sanction within its province. We have no hesitation to hold that while Sobraj has done litigative service for prison reform	 he has signally failed to substantiate any legal injury. We	 therefore	 dismiss the writ petition	 making it clear that strictly speaking the petitioner being a foreigner cannot claim rights under article 19	 but we have discussed at some length the import of Articles 14	 19 and 21 because they are interlaced and in any case apply to Indian citizens. 	 Petition dismissed. S.R. Petition dismisses.

The petitioner a convict having to serve two sentences of long imprisonment	 plus record of one escape and one attempt of suicide and interpol. reports of many crimes abroad in addition to several cases pending in India against him	 through this writ petition contended that barbarity and inhuman treatment have been hurled at him and that intentional discrimination has been his lot throughout and	 therefore sought the assistance or this Court for directing the jail authorities to give him finer foreigner as companions	 and to remove him from a high security ward like Ward l to a more relaxed ward	 be invoking the provisions of Articles 14	 19 and 21 of the Constitution. Dismissing the Writ Petition the Court	 ^ HELD: (1) Imprisonment does not spell farewell to fundamental rights although	 by a realistic re appraisal		 Courts will refuse to recognise the full panoply of Part lII of the Constitution enjoyed by a free citizen. Whenever fundamental rights are flouted or legislative protection ignored to any prisoner 's prejudice	 this Court 's writ will run breaking through stone walls and iron bars	 to right the wrong and restore the rule of law. Then the parrot cry of discipline thrill not deter	 of security will not scare	 of discretion will not dissuade	 the judical process. For if courts 'cave in ' when great rights and sound within the sound proof	 sight proof precincts of prison houses where often disenters and minorities are caged	 Bastilles will be re enacted. When law ends tyranny begins	 and history whispers	 iron has never ben the answer to the rights of men.[514 H	 515 A Bl (2) article 21 of the Constitution read with article 19(1)(d) and (5) is capable of wider application than the imperial mischief which give its birth and must draw its meaning from the evolving standards of decency and dignity that mark the progress of a mature society. Fair procedure is the soul of article 21	 reasonableness of the restriction is the essence of article 19(5) and sweeping discretion degenerating into arbitrary discrimination is anthema for article 14. Constitutional Karuna is thus injected into incarceratory strategy to produce prison justice. [ 515 CD] Sunil Batra vs Delhi Admn. & ors. and Charles Gurumukh Sobraj. State of Delhi [1979] I SCR 392 referred to	 513 Kharak Singh vs State of U.P. ; applied. (3) Prison justice implies Court 's continuing duty and authority to ensure that the judicial warrant which deprives a person of his life or liberty is not exceeded	 subverted or stultified. It is a sort of solemn covenant running with the power to sentence. Where a prison practice or internal instruction places harsh restrictions on jail life	 breaching guaranteed rights	 the Court directly comes in. Every prison sentence is a conditioned deprivation of life auld liberty. with civilized norms built in and unlimited trauma interdicted. In this sense judicial policy of prison practices is implied in the sentencing power. The Criminal judiciary have thus a duty to guardian their sentences and visit prisons when necessary. The penological goals which may be regarded as reasonable justification for restricting the right to move freely within the confines of a penitentiary are now well settled. And if prisoners have title to Articles 19	 21 and 14 rights	 subject to the limitations	 there must be some correlation between depriviation of comfort and legitimate function of a correctional system. [515 G	 516 E	 F G] (4 ) Deterrence	 both specific and general rehabilitation	 and institutional security are vital considerations. Compassion wherever possible and cruelty only where inevitable is the art of correctional confinement. When prison policy advances such a valid goal	 the Court will not intervene officiously. But when an inmate is cruelly restricted in a manner which supports no such relevant purpose	 the restriction becomes unreasonable and arbitrary	 and unconstitutionality is the consequence. Traumatic futility is obnoxious to pragmatic legality. Social defence is the raison d 'etre of the penal code and bears upon judicial control over prison administration. If a whole atmosphere of constant fear of violence	 frequent torture and denial of opportunity to improve oneself is created or if medical facilities and basic elements of care and comfort necessary to sustain life are refused	 then also the humane jurisdiction of the Court will become operational based on article 19. [516 G H	 517 D E] 5) Prisoners retain all rights enjoyed by free citizens except those lost necessarily as an incident of confinement. Rights enjoyed by prisoners under Arts 14	 19 and 21 though limited are not static and will rise to human heights when challenging situations arise. [518 A B] R. C. Cooper vs Union of India	 ; Menaka Gandhi vs F Union of India & Anr.	 	 Mohammad Giasuddin vs State of Andhra pradesh ; referred to. (6) However	 a prison system may make rational distinctions in making assignments to inmates of vocational	 educational and work opportunities available but it is constitutionally impermissible to do so without a functional classification system. Courts cannot be critical of the administration if it makes a classification between dangerous prisoners and ordinary prisoners. A distinction between the under trials and convicts is reasonable. In fact lazy relaxation on security is a professional risk inside a prison. [517 F	 (G	 519 B	 Cl 'The petitioner being a foreigner cannot claim rights under article 19. Moreover he is now a convict and is not in solitary confinement. [519 D] OBSERVATlON: [The Court must not rush in where the jailor fears to tread. While the country may not make the prison boss the sole sadistic arbiter of incarcerated 514 human	 the community may be in no mood to handover central prisons to be run by Courts Each instrumentality must function within its province)