Summarize the following court judgment. ivil Appeal Nos. 2034 2036 of 1974. From the Judgment and Order dated 1.10.1973 of the Gujarat High Court in Wealth Tax Reference No. 16 of 1971. Dr. Gauri Shankar	 Miss A. Subhashini for the Appellant. Harish Salve and Mrs. A.K. Verma for the Respondent. The following Judgments of the Court were delivered: PATHAK	 CJ. These appeals by certificate granted by the Gujarat High Court are directed against the judgment of the High Court disposing of three wealth tax References. The three trust deeds were executed by Narottam Lalbhai for the benefit of the assessee	 his wife and his children and grand children The deed dated March 19. 1955 created a trust known as the Arvind Narottam Trust. The deed dated April 9	 1955 created a trust called the Arvind Family Trust. And the deed dated March 18	 1961 created a trust described as the Arvind Kalyan Trust. All the three trust deeds are couched in identical terms	 except in regard to the minimum amounts payable to the beneficiaries out of the income of each year. There was one further difference in detail. The first two deeds. specified a period of 18 years from the date of execution as the period during which the net income could be distributed to the assessee. his wife and children	 while the third specified a period of 30 years. The minimum annual payments to be made under the three trust deeds to the assessee by way of maintenance were Rs. 250	 Rs. 150 and Rs.250 respectively. Under each of the trust deeds the settlor specified the interest of the beneficiaries in the trusts. The pertinent terms of one of them	 the Arvind Narottam Trust Deed. may be set forth here. Clauses 7 and 8 of that Trust Deed provide: "7(a) Whatever income by way of interest or otherwise is received each year by the trustees from the trust fund should be first applied in meeting with the expenses of the PG NO 269 management of the trust and the payment of taxes thereof. For a period of 18 years hereafter	 the trustees may pay to Arvind or if Arvind gets married during the period to Arvind	 his wife and children or to one or more of these persons	 such portion of the net income remaining thereafter as the trustees deem fit. However	 the trustees shall pay to Arvind	 or if Arvind gets married during the period to each Arvind and his wife	 at least Rs.150 every year. After such distribution	 if there remains any surplus from the income of any year	 it shall be added to the corpus of the fund. if in any year the net income accuring to the fund is less than Rs.300 the whole amount should be paid to Arvind and if Arvind gets married during the period to Arvind and his wife in equal shares. If Arvind expires during the period of 18 years hereafter or if Arvind gets married during the period and both Arvind and his wife expire	 the whole of the net income of the trust fund should be added to the corpus for a period of 18 years hereafter. (b) Whatever may be the corpus and the accumulated balance remaining undistributed out of the income of each year	 shall be paid (as capital) at the end of 18 years hereafter to Arvind	 his wife and his children or survivor or such of them in such proportion as the trustees deem fit. If the trustees are not able to decide Upon the persons to whom or the proportion in which the said corpus and accumulated balance of income is to be distributed or it is not possible legally to give effect to the decision of trustees or it is illegal to do so	 then the proportion in which the distribution will be made will be an equal share for each of the persons or survivors comprising of Arvind	 his wife and his children. If none of the said persons are alive at the time of distribution then the distribution will be made to Niranjan. his wife and children or survivors. all or such of them and in such proportion as the trustees deem fit. If none of the said persons are alive at the time of distribution then the corpus and the balance of income will be given over by the trustees on such conditions as they deem fit as donation to the Gujarat University or any other educational institution or an institution giving medical aid or attending to	 the health of public in general. PG NO 270 8. If the trustees so think fit the trustees are hereby 74 to distribute as capital even before the expiry of 18 years whatever property and income is at the particular time accumulated in the trust fund to Arvind	 his wife and his children or survivor or such of them in such proportion as the trustees deem fit. If the trustees are not able to decide upon the persons to whom or the proportion in which the said corpus and accumulated balance of income is to be distributed or it is not possible legally to give effect to the decision of trustees or it is illegal to do so	 then the proportion in which the distribution will be made will be an equal share for each of the persons or survivors comprising of Arvind	 his wife and his children. If none of the said persons are alive	 at the time of distribution then the distribution will be made to Niranjan	 his wife and his children or survivors	 all or such of them and in such proportion as the trustees deem fit. If none of the said persons are alive at the time of distribution	 then the corpus and the balance of income will be given over by the trustees on such conditions as they deem fit as donation to the Gujarat University or any other educational institution or an institution giving medical aid or attending to the health of public in general. But if Arvind and his wife are the trustees at that time then they have no right to give vote in the above matter. But if the other trustees unanimously agree to allow them to vote then they can. " The Wealth Tax Officer made assessment orders for the assessment years 1963 63	 1963 64 and 1964 65 under the Wealth Tax Act	 the relevant valuation dates being December 31	 1961	 December 31	 1962 and December 31	 1963. He assessed the assessee under sub section (2) of section 21 of the Wealth Tax Act on the entire value of the assets held by the trusts. On appeal the Appellate Assistant Commissioner confined the liability of the assessee to wealth tax on the capitalised value of the minimum amounts payable under the trust deeds for his maintenance. that is to say say Rs.250	 Rs.150 and Rs.250 respectively per year. The Appellate Tribunal	 on second appeal	 affirmed the view taken by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner. At the instance of the Revenue. the three cases were carried in reference to the High Court for its opinion in each case on the following question	n of law: "Whether	 on the facts and in the circumstances of the case	 the finding that it is only the capitalised value of the interest of the assessee that has to be included in the net wealth of the assessee is in law justified?" PG NO 271 The High Court answered the question in each case in the affirmative	 in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue. And now these appeals. Admittedly	 on all relevant dates of these assessment years	 the assessee was a bachelor	 and was alone entitled therefor to the benefit of the three trusts. It is accepted also that the trusts are discretionary trusts. The controversy between the parties arises on the application of section 21 of the Wealth Tax Act. Section 21	 as it stood at the relevant time provided: "section 21. Assessment when assets are held by courts of wards	 administrators general	 etc. (1) In the case of assets chargeable to tax under this Act	 which are held by a court of wards or an administrator general or an official trustee or any receiver or manager or any other person	 by whatever name called	 appointed under any order of a court to manage property on behalf of another	 or any trustee appointed under a trust declared by a duly executed instrument in writing	 whether testamentary or otherwise (including a trustee under a valid deed of wakf)	 the wealth tax shall be levied upon and recoverable from the court of wards	 administrator genera1	 official trustee	 receiver	 manager or trustee	 as the case may be	 in the like manner and to the same extent as it would be leviable upon and recoverable from the person on whose behalf (or for whose benefit) the assets are held	 and the provisions of this Act shall apply accordingly. (2) Nothing contained in sub section (1) shall prevent either the direct assessment of the person on whose behalf (or for whose benefit) the assets above referred to are held. or the recovery from such person of the tax payable in respect of such assets. (3) xx xx xx xx (4) Notwithstanding anything contained in (the foregoing provisions of) this section	 where the shares of the persons on whose behalf or for whose benefit any such assets are PG NO 272 held are indeterminate or unKnown	 the wealthtax shall be levied upon and recovered from the court of wards	 administrator genera1	 official trustee	 receiver	 manager	 or other person aforesaid	 (as the case may be	 in the like manner and to the same extent as it would be leviable upon and recoverable from an individual who is a citizen of India and resident in India) for the purpose of this Act. The contention of Dr. V. Gauri Shankar on behalf of the Revenue is that the settlor had specifically made these three trusts for the benefit of his son	 Arvind	 the assesee	 and has declared unequivocally that the settlement is for the benefit of the assessee	 and on the asses see 's marriage	 also for the benefit of his wife and children. It is urged that the High Court has erred in failing to collect the real intention of the settlor from the entire document and has erroneously confined itself to paragraph 7 of the deed. According to learned counsel	 what the High Court should have done was to ascertain the state of affairs existing on the relevant valuation date. It should not have been influenced by what could possibly happen in the indefinite future on the happening of certain contingencies. The submission is that on the valuation dates there was only one beneficiary	 the assessee	 his share was determined and known	 and it extended to the entire interest in the trust properties. It is urged that in the case of a discretionary trust the interest of the beneficiary extends not only to the actual share paid to him but to his right to be considered as a potential recipient of the net income remaining after defraying the managment expenses and paying the taxes. It extends	 he says	 to an interest in the Trust accumulation both before or after the expiry of the stipulated period when the Trustees are empowered to distribute the accumulated balance as capital. Learned counsel urges that the whole deed of settlement in each case should be read and understood comprehensively and only thereupon can a true answer be returned to the question framed in the reference. Considerable emphasis has been on the submission that the capital value of the contingent intereset in the entire property must be kept in view. I have no difficulty in accepting the submission of Dr. Gauri Shankar that for a proper understanding of a case before us we must consider the entire deed of settlement. That	 however	 does not lead to the conclusion which learned counsel wishes us to accept. What is the interest of the assessee under the deed of settlement on the relevant valuation date? We are concerned with the capital value of that interest. It is apparent that the assessee was entitled only to the minimum prescribed in each of the deeds of settlement. Whether or not be received any further amount PG NO 273 out of the net income of the Trust Fund was left entirely in the discretion of the Trustees. There was no right in the assessee to any portion of the net income in excess of the minimum guaranteed to him. It is the minimum alone which he could claim as his property. So also	 on the distribution of the accumulated balance as capital at the end of the stipulated period there was no right in him to receive any part thereof. It was open to the Trustees to ignore him altogether and they could pay it to such other members of the family as they chose. In support of the proposition that the expression 'property ' is a term of the widest amplitude and that every possible interest is includible therein we are referred to Ahmed G.H. Ariff 'and Others vs Commissioner of Wealth Tax	 Calcutta	 I have no doubt that the expression 'property ' must bear a comprehensive import. The question remains whether what is conveyed under the three deeds of settlement to the assessee is a right to anything more than the prescribed minimum under each deed. I may reiterate that the interest extends to no more than that minimum. It is contended on behalf of the Revenue that the fact that a beneficiary may change on the happening of certain contingencies will not make the share of the beneficiary un determined or unknown. and reliance has been placed on Padmavati Jaykrishna Trust & Another vs Commissioner of Wealth Tax	 Gujarat [l966] ; Commissioner of Wealth Tax	 Bombay vs Trustees of Mrs. Hansbai Tribhuwandas Trust	 [l968] ; Commissioner of Wealth Tax	 A. P. vs Trustees of H.E.H. Nizam 's Family (Remainder Wealth) Trust. and Commissioner of Wealth Tax	 A.P. vs Trustees of H.E.H. The Nizam 's Sahebzadi Anwar Begum Trust	 These cases can be of no assistance to us	 for	 unlike the facts in each of those cases	 the instant case is one where beyond the specified minimum the assessee was not entitled to anything more. There must be a right	 present or contingent	 before it can be said that an assessee has an interest	 and I am supported in this by what was said by the House of Lords in Gartside & Anr. vs Inland Revenue Commissioners. LR 1968 Appeal Cases 553 where it was also observed that a mere right to be considered for distribution of the income or of the corpus of the Trust Fund cannot be regarded as an `interest ' since it was not capable of valuation. Dr. Gauri Shankar relies on Leedale (Inspector of Taxes) vs Lewis.	 [l982] 3 All E.R. 808. But the decision in that case turned on the principle language of the English Statute	 where an approximation of the value is permitted by the "just and reasonable" clause and by the words "as near as may be" in section 42(2) of the Finance Act. PG NO 274 It is vehemently urged by Dr. Gauri Shankar that the approach to be adopted in this case is not that which finds favour under the Income tax law	 and different considerations prevail under the Wealth Tax Act. As I am proceeding on the basis of the true construction of the Deeds of Settlement	 I fail to see any substance in that contention. Reliance war also placed by learned counsel for the Revenue on McDowell and Co. Ltd. vs Commercial Tax Officer	 That decision cannot advance the case of the Revenue because the language of the deeds of settlement is plain and admits of no ambiguity. In the result I endorse the view taken by the High Court and dismiss these appeals with costs. SABYASACHI MUKHARJI	 J. I agree with the judgment of the learned Chief Justice. There is	 however	 one aspect of the matter on which some arguments were advanced at the time of hearing of this case	 to which I would like to advert. Dr. V. Gauri Shankar appearing on behalf of the revenue made an appeal before us stating that we should really construe the three Trust Deeds together and see 'the game of the hidden purpose ' behind these Trust Deeds which were	 in fact	 for the sole and exclusive benefit of the assessee. He drew our attention to the observations of Justice Chinnappa Reddy	 with which other learned Judges of the Full Bench agreed in McDowell & Co. Ltd. vs Commercial Tax Officer	 He invited us to hold that having regard to the taxing Statute the tax avoidance device should be exposed. Justice Chinnappa Reddy has noticed the change in judicial attitude to the tax avoidance devices. Justice Reddy mentioned that in the country of its birth the principles of Westminister of condoning tax avoidance have been given a decent burial. In that very country the phrase 'taxavoidance ' is no longer condoned or looked upon with sympathy. It is true that tax avoidance in an under developed developing economy should not be encouraged on practical as well as ideological grounds. One would wish	 as noted by Reddy	 J. that one could get the enthusiasm of Justice Holmes that taxes are the price of civilization and one would like to pay that price to buy civilization. But the question which many ordinary tax payers very often in a country of shortages with ostentious consumption and PG NO 275 deprivation for the large masses ask	 is does he with taxes buy civilization or does he facilitate the wastes and ostentiousness of the few. Unless wastes and ostentiousness in Government 's spendings are avoided or eschewed	 no amount of moral sermons would change people 's attitude to tax avoidance. In any event	 however	 where the true effect on the construction of the Deeds is clear	 as in this case	 the appeal to discourage tax avoidance is not a relevant consideration. But since it was made it has to be noted and rejected. With these observations I agree. H.L.C. Appeals dismissed.

The respondent who was entitled to minimum annual payments of specified amounts under the three trust deeds in question was assessed to tax under sub section (2) of section 21 of the Wealth Tax Act	 on the entire value of the assets held by the trusts. On appeal	 the Appellate Assistant Commissioner confined the liability of the assessee to wealth tax on the capitalised value of the minimum amounts payable under the trust deeds	 and his decision was affirmed	 on second appeal	 by the Appellate Tribunal. At the instance of the Revenue	 the opinion of the High Court was sought on the question whether the finding that it was only the capitalised value of the interest of the assessee that had to be included in the net wealth of the assessee was 5justified. The High Court answered the question in the affirmative	 in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue. Dismissing the appeals	 HELD: A mere right to be considered for distribution of the income or of the corpus of the Trust Fund cannot be regarded as an 'interest ' since it is not capable of valuation. There must be a right	 present or contingent	 before it can be said that an assessee has an interest. The instant case is one where beyond the specified minimum the assessee was not entitled to anything more. [273F GI Gartside & Anr. vs Inland Revenue Commissioners	 LR	[1968] Appeal Cases 553	 relied on. Padmavati Jaykrishna Trust & Another vs Commissioner of Wealth Tax	 Gujarat	 [1966] 61 I.T. R. 66; Commissioner of Wealth Tax Bombay vs Trustees of Mrs. Hansbai Tribhuwandas Trust	 [l968] ; Commissioner of Wealth Tax	 A. P. vs Trustees of H. E.H. PG NO 266 PG NO 267 Nizam 's Family (Remainder Wealth) Trust	 ; Commissioner of Wealth tax A.P. vs Trustees of H.E.H. The Nizam 's Sahabzadi Anwar Begum Trust	 ; Leedale (Inspector of ' Taxes] vs Lewis	 and McDowell and Co. Ltd. vs Commercial Tax Officer	 	 distinguished. There is no doubt that the expression 'property ' must bear a comprehensive import. The question remains whether what is conveyed under the three deeds of settlement to the assessee is a right to anything more than the prescribed minimum under each deed. It is apparent that the assessee was entitled only to the minimum prescribed in each of the deeds of settlement. Whether or not he received any further amount out of the net income of the Trust Fund was left entirely in the discretion of the Trustees. There was no right in the assessee to any portion of the net income in excess of the minimum guaranteed to him. It is the minimum alone which he could claim as his property. So also	 on the distribution of the accumulated balance as capital at the end of the stipulated period there was no right in him to receive any part thereof. It was open to the Trustees to ignore him altogether and they could pay it to such other members of the family as they chose. [272H; 273.A B] Ahmed G.H. Arriff and Others vs Commissioner of Wealth tax Calcutta referred to. Per Suhyusuchi Mnkhurji. On behalf of the Revenue an appeal was made before us that we should really construe the three Trust Deeds together and see 'the game of the hidden purpose ' behind these Trust Deeds which were. in fact. for the sole and exclusive benefit of the assessee. It is true that tax avoidance an under developed developing economy should not be encouraged on practical as well as ideological grounds. One would wish	 that one could get the enthusiasm of Justice Holmes that taxes are the price of civilization and one would like to pay that price to buy civillzation. But the question which many ordinary tax payers very often in a country of shortages with ostentious consumption and deprivation for the large masses ask	 is does he with taxes buy civilization or does he facilitate the wastes and ostentiousness of the few. Unless waste and ostentiousness in Government 's spendings are avoided or eschewed	 no amount of moral sermons would change people 's attitude to tax avoidance. In any event	 however	 where the true effect on the construction of the Deeds is clear	 as in this case	 the appeal to discourage tax avoidance is not a relevant consideration. [274E H; 275A C] PG NO 268 McDowell & Company Limited vs Commercial Tax Office	 [l985] referred to.