Summarize the following court judgment. ivil Appeal No. 1632 of 1988. From the Order dated 8.1.1988 of the Customs Excise and Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal	 New Delhi in Appeal No. SD SB/T 716/81 C (Order No. 17/88 C.) A.K. Ganguli	 A. Subba Rao and Mrs. Sushma Suri for the Appellant. A.N. Haksar	 R. Karanjawala	 Ms. M. Arora and Mrs. M. Karanjawala for the Respondent. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by SABYASACHI MUKHARJI	 J. This appeal is under section 35(L)(b) of the (herein after called 'the Act ') against the order dated 8th January	 1988 passed by the Customs	 Excise & Gold (Control) Appel late Tribunal. The issue involved in this appeal was whether in the facts and the circumstances of the case	 the Tribunal was legally justified in restricting the demand of duty to six months prior to the date of issue of show cause notice	 particularly in a case where longer period was invoked on the ground of suppression of information in the declaration furnished by the respondent. The respondent manufactured patent and proprietary (P & P) medicines falling under T.I. 14E and also pharmacopoeial preparations falling under T.I. 68 of the Central Excise Tariff of an aggregate 714 value of Rs.20	59	338.60 and cleared during the period of 1.4.1979 to 31.3.1980	 the same without payment of duty	 availing the benefit of exemption notification No. 80/80. Under the provisions of sub clause (ii) of clause 2 of notification No. 80/80 dated 19th June	 1980 and sub clause (iii) of clause (a) of notification No. 71/78 dated 1.3.1978 the manufacturer would not be eligible for exemption under the two notifications in respect of clearance of patent or proprietary medicines from 1st April	 1980 since the notifi cation would not apply to a manufacturer who manufactures excisable goods falling under more than one item of the 1st Schedule of the Act	 and the aggregate value of the clear ness of all such excisable goods by the manufacturer or on his behalf are cleared for home consumption from one or more factories during the preceding financial year had exceeded Rs.20 lakhs. The factory had cleared during the period from 1st April	 1980 to 29th October	 1980 (P & P) medicines falling under T.I. 14E valued at Rs.4	32	050.09. The central excise duty payable on the goods removed was Rs.55	302.01. The respondent filed a declaration for exemption under notifica tion No. 71/78 dated 1.3.1978	 and furnished particulars of only the value of P & P medicines manufactured and cleared by it during the preceding financial year i.e. 1979 80	 and the respondent did not furnish the particulars of the value of the goods cleared under Tariff item 68 during the finan cial year 1979 80. It was noticed that the manufacturer did not file any declaration under Notification No. 111/ 78 dated 9.5. 1978 claiming exemption from the licensing con trol. However	 on 30th July	 1980 the firm filed a classifica tion list in respect of P & P medicines claiming exemption under notification No. 80/80. A show cause notice was issued to the respondent who was asked to explain as to why excise duty in respect of Patent & Proprietary medicines manufactured and cleared by it should not be demanded under proviso (a) to Rule 10(1) of the Central Excise Rules and why penalty should not be imposed on it under rule 173Q of the Central Excise Rules	 1944 for having cleared the goods without payment of duty in contravention of Rule 173Q (a) and (d) of the Central Excise Rules. After submission of the reply by the respondents	 the Collector of Central Excise held the respondents to be ineligible for the benefit of the two notifications and therefore duty was demanded from them in respect of the goods cleared by them for the period 1.4.1980 to 715 29.10. The Collector Was of the view that in view of the respondents ' failure to reveal the correct position	 they were liable. The Collector was of the view that the time limit under rule 10 (section 11A) would run for 5 years. The relevant portion of section 11A of the Act is as follows: "(11 A). Recovery of duties not levied or not paid or short levied or short paid or errone ously refunded. (1) when any duty of excise has not been levied or paid or has been short levied or short paid or erroneously refunded	 a Central Excise Officer may	 within six months from the relevant date	 serve notice on the person chargeable with the duty which has not been levied or paid or which has been short levied or short paid or to whom the refund has erroneously been made	 requiring him to show cause why he should not pay the amount specified in the notice: Provided that where any duty of excise has not been levied or paid or has been short levied or short paid or erroneously refunded by reason of fraud	 collusion or any wilful misstatement or suppression of facts	 or contravention of any of the provisions of this Act or of the rules made thereunder with intent to evade payment of duty	 by such person or his agent	 the provisions of this sub section shall have effect	 (as if for the words "Central Excise Officer"	 the words "Collector of Central Excise"	 and) for the words "six months"	 the words "five years" were substituted. " The respondent filed an appeal before the Tribunal. The Tribunal considered the matter and noted that the appel lant 's case was that the demand for duty for the period beyond six months was time barred; and the respondent 's case was that the demand for the period beyond 6 months from the receipt of show cause notice	 was time barred inasmuch as there was no suppression or misstatement of facts by the appellant with a view to evade payment of duty. In support of its claim the respondent produced classification list approved by the authorities during the period 1978 1979	 and also produced extracts from the survey register showing that the officers had been visiting its factory from time to time and also taking note of the previous goods manufactured by the respondent. The plea of the revenue was that there was suppression and/or mis declaration and/or wrong information furnished in the declaration itself. The Tribunal noted the facts as follows: 716 "We observe it is not denied by the Revenue that the appellants had been submitting their classification lists from time to time showing the various products manufactured by them including those failing under 14E and 68 also these containing alcohol. The officer who visited the factory as seen from the survey register at the factory also took note of the various products being manufactured by the appellants. It cannot be said that the appel lants had held back any information in regard to the range and the nature of the goods manufactured by them. The appellants have maintained that the value of the exempted goods under T.I. 68 and also value of medi cines containing alcohol	 according to their interpretation	 were not required to be in cluded for the purpose of reckoning of the total excisable goods cleared by them. There is nothing on record to show that the appel lants non bonafidely held back information about the total value of the goods cleared by them with a view to evade payment of duty. Their explanation that it was only on the basis of their interpretation that the value of the exempted goods were not required to be included that they did not include the value of the exempted goods which they manufactured at the relevant time and failing under T.I. 68 is acceptable in the facts of that case. The Departmental authorities were in full knowl edge of the facts about manufacture of all the goods manufactured by them when the declara tion was filed by the appellants. That they did not include the value of the product other than these falling under T.I. 14E manufactured by the appellants has to be taken to be within the knowledge of the authorities. They could have taken corrective action in time. We therefore find there was no warrant in invok ing longer time limit beyond six months avail able for raising the demand. So far as the demand for the period within six months reck oned from the date of receipt of the show cause notice is concerned	 we observe that the appellant 's case is that value of the goods under 68 was not required to be included but the Revenue 's plea is that only value of the specified goods under notification No. 71/78 and 80/80 was not required to be excluded. " On the aforesaid view the Tribunal came to the conclu sion that the demand raised on this for a period beyond 6 months was not maintainable. 717 Aggrieved thereby	 the revenue has come up in appeal to this Court. In our opinion	 the order of the Tribunal must be sustained. In order to make the demand for duty sustain able beyond a period of six months and up to a period of 5 years in view of the proviso to subsection 11A of the Act	 it has to be established that the duty of excise has not been levied or paid or short levied or short paid	 or erro neously refunded by reasons of either fraud or collusion or wilful misstatement or suppression of facts or contravention of any provision of the Act or Rules made thereunder	 with intent to evade payment of duty. Something positive other than mere inaction or failure on the part of the manufactur er or producer or conscious or deliberate withholding of information when the manufacturer knew otherwise	 is re quired before it is saddled with any liability	 beyond the period of six months. Whether in a particular set of facts and circumstances there was any fraud or collusion or wilful misstatement or suppression or contravention of any provi sion of any Act	 is a question of fact depending upon the facts and circumstances of a particular case. The Tribunal came to the conclusion that the facts referred to hereinbe fore do not warrant any inference of fraud. The assessee declared the goods on the basis of their belief of the interpretation of the provisions of the law that the exempt ed goods were not required to be included and these did not include the value of the exempted goods which they manufac tured at the relevant time. The Tribunal found that the explanation was plausible	 and also noted that the Depart ment had full knowledge of the facts about manufacture of all the goods manufactured by the respondent when the decla ration was filed by the respondent. The respondent did not include the value of the product other than those falling under Tariff Item 14E manufactured by the respondent and this was in the knowledge	 according to the Tribunal	 of the authorities. These findings of the Tribunal have not been challenged before us or before the Tribunal itself as being based on no evidence. In that view of the matter and in view of the require ments of section 11A of the Act	 the claim had to be limited to a period of six months as the Tribunal did. We are	 therefore	 of the opinion that the Tribunal was fight in its conclusion. The appeal therefore fails and is accordingly dismissed. In the facts and the circumstances of the case	 the parties will pay and bear their own costs. N.P.V. Appeal dis missed.

The respondent firm manufactured patent and proprietary (P & P) medicines failing under T.I. 14E and also pharmaco poeial preparations falling under T.I. 68 of the Central Excise Tariff of an aggregate value of Rs.20	59	338.60 and cleared the same during the period 1.4.79 to 31.3.80 without payment of duty	 availing the benefit of exemption of excise duty under Notification No. 80 of 1980. The respondent also cleared	 during the period from 1st April	 1980 to 29th October	 1980 (P & P) medicines failing under T.I.14E valued at Rs.4	32	050.09. The respondent filed a declaration for exemption	 under Notification No. 71 of 1978 dated 1.3.1978	 and furnished particulars of only the value of P & P medicines manufac tured and cleared during the preceding financial year 1979 80 and did not furnish the particulars of the value of the goods under Tariff Item 68 during that financial year. The manufacturer also did not file any declaration under Notifi cation No. 111 of 1978 dated 9.5.1978	 claiming exemption from the licensing control. However	 on July 30	 1980 the firm filed a classification list in respect of P & P medi cines claiming exemption under Notification No. 80/80. The appellant issued a show cause notice to the respond ent to explain as to why excise duty in respect of patent and proprietary medicines manufactured and cleared by it should not be demanded under proviso (a) to Rule 10(1) of the Central Excise Rules and why penalty should not be imposed under Rule 173Q of the Central Excise Rule	 1944 for having cleared the goods without payment of duty in contra vention of Rule 173Q(a) and (d) of the Rules. On receipt of reply	 the appellant held the respondent to be ineligible for the benefit of the 712 two notifications and demanded duty in respect of the goods cleared by them for the period 1.4.1980 to 29.10.80. He also held that in view of the respondent 's failure to reveal correct position	 the firm was liable to pay the duty	 and that the time limit for the recovery of the duty under Rule 10 (Section 11A) of the Central Excise Rules would run for five years. The respondent filed an appeal before the Tribunal contending that the demand for the period beyond six months from the receipt of the show cause notice was time barred inasmuch as there was no suppression or mis statement of facts by the appellant with a view to evade payment of duty. The Revenue 's plea was that there was suppression and/or misdeclaration and/or wrong information furnished in the declaration itself. Hence the appeal by the Revenue. Dismissing the appeal	 HELD: 1.1 In order to make the demand for duty sustain able beyond a period of six months and up to a period of 5 years	 in view of the proviso to sub section 11A of the Act	 it has to be established that the duty of excise had not been levied or paid or short levied or short paid	 or erroneously refunded by reasons of either fraud or collusion or wilful mis statement or suppression of facts or contravention of any provision of the Act or Rules made thereunder	 with intent to evade payment of duty. Something positive other than mere inaction or failure on the part of the manufactur er or producer or conscious or deliberate withholding of information when the manufacturer knew otherwise	 is re quired before it is saddled with any liability	 beyond the period of six months. [717A C] 1.2 Whether in a particular set of facts and circum stances there was any fraud or collusion or wilful mis statement or suppression or contravention of any provision of any Act	 is a question of fact depending upon the facts and circumstances of a particular case. [717C D] In the instant case the assessee declared the goods on the basis of their belief of the interpretation of the provisions of the law that the exempted goods were not required to be included and these did not include the value of the exempted goods which the assessee manufactured at the relevant time. The Tribunal found that that the explanation was plausible	 and also noted that the Department had full knowledge of the facts	 about manufacture of all the goods manufactured by the respondent when the declaration was filed by the respondent. The 713 respondent did not include the value of the product other than those falling under Tariff Item 14E manufactured by the respondent and this was in the knowledge	 according to the Tribunal	 of the authorities. The findings of the Tribunal have not been challenged before this Court. [717D F] The Tribunal also found that the facts of case did not warrant any inference of fraud. [717D] Having regard to these	 and in view of the requirements of section 11A of the Act	 the claim had to he limited to a period of six months	 prior to the date of issue of show cause notice. The Tribunal was right in its conclusion. [717G]