Summarize the following court judgment. Appeal No. 1533 of 1971. Appeal by special leave from the judgment dated September 18	 1971 of the S.D.O./Arbitrator	 Muzaffarnagar in Election Petition No. 140 of 1970. AND Civil Appeals Nos. 1797 and 1798 of 1971. 	 Appeals by spe cial leave from the judgments dated September 18	 1971 of the District Magistrate/Registrar	 Co operative Societies	 Saharanpur in Appeals Nos. 6 and 8 of 1971 under section 98 (i) (h) U.P. Co Societies Act. AND Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 3254 of 1971 From the judgment dated September 16	 1971 of the Registrar	 Co operative Societies/District Magistrate Saharanpur in Appeal 'No. 5 of 1971 under section 98 (i) (h) Co operative Societies Act.) J. P. Goyal and V. C. Parashar	 for the appellants (in C.As. 1533 and 1797 of 1971) and the petitioners (in S.L.P. No. 3268 of 1971) R. K. Garg	 S.C. Agrawal and R. K. Jain	 for the appellants 	(in C.A. No. 1798 of 1971) and the Petitioners (in S.L.P. No. 3254 of 1971) C. B. Agarwal and P. P. Juneja	 for respondents Nos. 7	 8 and 1 to 13 (in C.A. 1533 of 1971) 151 O. P. Rana	 for respondents Nos. 7 and 12 (in C.A. No. 1797 of 1972) and respondent No. 7 (in C.A. No. 1798 of 1971). M. C. Setalvad	 R. K. Garg	 section C. Agarwal and R. K. Jain	 for the intervener. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by Ray	 J. These three appeals are by special leave. Civil Appeal No. 1533(N) of 1971 is by special leave against the judgment dated 18 September	 1971 of the Arbitrator setting aside the election of the Management Committee of the Co operative Cane Development Union	 Shamli in an election petition filed under rule 229(2) of the Co operative Societies Rules	 1967 framed under the Uttar Pradesh Co operative Societies Act	 1965. Civil Appeal No. 1797 of 1971 is by special leave against the order of the District Magistrate and Registrar	 Co operative Societies Sharanpur dismissing an appeal filed under section 98(i)(h) of the U.P. Cooperative Societies Act	 1965 against an order of the Arbitrator under section 70 and 71 of the U.P. Co operative Societies Act. 1965 setting aside the election of the Sahkari Ganna Vikas Samiti Ltd.	 Iqbalpur	 District Saharanpur. Civil Appeal No. 1798 of 1971 is against the order and judgment dated 16 September	 1971 of the District Magistrate	 Saharanpur dismissing an appeal under section 98(i)(h) of the U.P. Co operative Societies Act	 1965 against the order of the Arbitrator under sections 70 and 71 of the U.P. Co operative Societies Act	 1965 setting aside the election of 	the Sahkari Ganna Vikas Samiti Ltd.	 Lhaksar	 District Saharanpur. Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 3254 of 1971 is for leave to appeal against the order of the Registrar	 Co operative Societies in appeal under section 98(i)(h) against the order of the Arbitrator under sections 70 and 71 of the U.P. Co operative Societies Act	 1965 setting aside the election of Sahkari Ganna Vikas Samiti	 Sarsawa. Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 3268 of 1971 is for leave to appeal against the order of the District Authority	 Bulandsbahr setting aside the election of the Committee of Management of the Co operative Cane Development Union Ltd. on an application under rule 229 of the U.P. Co operative Societies Rules	 1968. These matters raise a common question. These Co operative 'Societies held their annual general meeting under the provisions of section 32 of the Uttar Pradesh Co operative Societies Act	 1965 (hereinafter called the Act). At the general meetings the members of the Committee of Management of the Society were elected by members of the Society. The	 Registrar of the U.P. Co operative Societies issued a circular dated 5 November	 1969 interpreting rule 409 of the U.P. Co operative Societies Rules	 1968 (hereinafter called the Rules) and laid down the principle that all the members of the general body "of the Co operative 152 Society would" exercise their right of vote in filling all the seats of elected Directors. " The question in the present appeals is whether the Registrar had power to issue the circular interpreting rule 409 and secondly whether that interpretation is correct in terms of the Act and the Rules. The Act deals with Co operative Societies and inter alia their members and their Committee of Management. The relevant sections for the purpose of present appeals and special leave petitions are sections 20	 29 and 32 of the Act. Section 20 of the Act speaks of vote of members. Under that section	 a member of a Co operative Society shall notwithstanding the quantum of his interest in the capital of the Society have one vote in the affairs or the Society. There are four provisos to section 20. Proviso (a) deals with nominal or associate members who have no right of vote. Proviso (b) deals with a co operative society	 the State Warehousing Corporation or a body corporate being a member of such society in which case each delegate of such co operative society	 State Warehousing Corporation or body corporate shall have one vote. Proviso (c) deals with the State Government or the Central Government being a member of such society in which case a nominee of the State Government or the Central Government shall have one vote. Proviso (d) deals with a group of members or any class of members partaking in the affairs of the society through a delegate or delegates each delegate having one vote. Section 29 of the Act deals with the Committee of Manage ment. The management of every co operative society shall vest in a committee of management. The term of the election members of the committee of management shall be such as may be provided in the rules and the bye laws of the society. After the expiry of the term the co operative society shall at the annual general meeting elect members for the committee of management as provided in section 32(i)(b) of the Act. If a society fails to elect members for the committee of management the Registrar shall call upon the society by order in writing to elect such members within three months from the date of the communication of the order. If the society still fails to elect the members for the committee of management	 the Registrar may himself nominate such persons as under the rules and the bye laws are qualified for being elected as members of the committee of management. Within six months from the date of nomination made by the Registrar	 the Registrar shall call a general meeting for electing members of the committee of management. Section 32 of the Act speaks of annual general meeting which shall be held once in 'a co operative year. A co operative year means the year commencing the first day of July and ending on the 30th June of next following. One of the purposes of the annual 153 general meeting is election of the members of the committee of management in accordance with the provisions of the rules and of the bye laws of the society. Rule 409 is as follows "For the purposes of election to the membership of the committee of management a co operative society may	 with the previous sanction of the Registrar (a) divide its membership into different groups on territorial or any other rational basis	 and (b) also specify the number or proportion of the member of the committee of management in such a manner that different areas or interests	 as the case may be	 in the society may	 as far as may be	 get suitable representation on the committee or management." In order to appreciate as to how rule 409 comes up for consideration in the present case it is necessary to refer to facts in Civil Appeal No. 1533 (N) of 1971 as a typical case. The Shamli Cane Development Union Ltd.	 Shammli	 U.P. was registered under the . It was deemed to be registered under the Act. The society had its bye laws with regard to the formation of the committee of management and its election including the election of the Chairman and the Vice Chairman. The bye laws provided for a committee of management consisting of 14 members. The committee of management elects a Chairman and a Vice Chairman. The delegates constituting the general body of the society are divided into 14 constituencies. Each constituency elects one Director. The delegates of the members of the society in a constituency elect a member of each single member constituency. The 14 members of the committee are elected on that basis whereby each delegate of each constituency exercises one vote for electing a member of that constituency. The Secretary of the society fixed 13 October	 1970 as the date for filing the nomination for the office of the committee of management. 17 October	 1970 was the date for scrutiny of nomination papers. 19 October	 1970 was the date for withdrawal of nomination papers. 28 October	 1970 was the date of poll. By a letter dated 14 October	 1970 the Registrar	 Cooperative Societies directed that "the election of the members of the managing committee shall be done by all the representatives of the area of the society and not by the representatives of the related constituencies alone. This means that every representative L864Sup. CT/72 154 shall have as many votes as the members are to be elected". In short	 the Registrar 's interpretation of rule 409 as well as the letter stated that each delegate would vote for 14 members of the committee of management and thus each delegate would exercise 14 votes. The rival contentions which fall for determination are whether the right of vote for election of a member of the committee of management is confined to the delegates of the members of that particular constituency or whether a delegate would have the right to vote for all the constituencies constituting the committee of management. As to the power of the Registrar to interpret rule 409 it win appear that the rule does not confer any power on the Registrar to interpret or to express views to guide the rights of members to vote at the annual general meeting for the purposes of election of the committee of management. On the contrary	 under rule 409 the Co operative Society may with the previous sanction of the Registrar (i) divide its membership into different groups on territorial or any other rational basis and (ii) also specify the number or proportion of the members of the committee of management in such a manner that different areas or interests	 as the case may be	 in the society may	 as far as may be	 get suitable representation on the committee of management. Therefore	 under rule 409 a co operative society can divide its membership into different groups on territorial or any other rational basis for the purposes of election of the members of the committee. The rule also empowers the society to apportion the membership of the committee of management amongst different groups into which the membership is divided. The number or proportion of members of the com mittee of management will have to be apportioned in such a manner that the different areas or interests into which the membership of the society are divided may obtain suitable representation on the committee of management. The entire purpose of division of membership into different groups and specifying suitable representation of such group on the committee of management is to emphasise the	 right of the particular group to send its representative to the committee. To illustrate if a society is divided into 14 separate groups on a territorial. basis and one member of the committee of management is allotted to each group and if delegates of one group have the right to cast 14 votes two consequences will follow. First	 the right of choosing a representative of the constituency will be not confined to that constituency but will be enlarged to outsiders in other constituencies. Secondly	 a member of the committee from one constituency may be elected by a majority of votes from delegates of other constituencies. If delegates residing outside a territorial constituency 155 take part at the election for member of a committee from territorial constituency within which he is not a resident it will not only amount to enlarging the right of representation beyond ones territorial basis but also deny the delegates within the constituency the right of electing their own representative. It was said on behalf of the appellants that section 20 of the Act speaks of a member of the co operative society having one vote in the affairs of the society with the result that each member is entitled to exercise as many votes as the members of the committee of management. Accent was placed on the words 'affairs of the society ' and it was said that the constitution of the committee of management was one of the principal affairs of the society and therefore each member would entitled to cast as many votes as the strength of the committee of management. The fallacy lies in overlooking the significant words in section 20 of the Act that a member shall have one vote. It may also be noticed that if each member exercises by way of illustration 14 votes in regard to 14 members of the committee each member shall be "exercising 14 votes in the affairs of the society. Under rule 409 the principal matters to be kept in the fore front are these. First	 the society will divide the constituencies on territorial basis or any other rational basis. By territorial basis is meant territory where the member will reside. Residence is therefore the relative requirement of territorial basis. If any other rational basis like occupation or vocation is determined to be the basis of a constituency the persons falling within the cons tituency will satisfy that test. Secondly	 the society will specify the proportion of members of the committee in such a manner that different areas or interests may get suitable representation. The inherent idea is that such areas or interests will obtain representation. If membership is on territorial basis	 the different areas will get representation according to the interest of such territories. Again	 if occupational or vocational or professional tests are created for dividing groups such interests will have to be given suitable representation Representation is therefore with reference to areas or interests. Judged by these principles the impeached circular of the Registrar suffers from the vice of giving the members the right of 'casting vote in constituencies to which they do not belong. This strikes at the basic root of right of representation. This also reads as under the principle of one member one vote which is made into a rule of law in the Act. [155 E G] The words 'affairs of the society ' cannot be equated with the Constituencies to give each member a right to vote for each constituency. That would defeat the purpose of section 20 and rule 409. The basic idea of a representative for each constituency 156 depends on the mandate of the respective constituency and not of other constituencies. That is why section 20 of the Act speaks of	 one member having one vote irrespective of shareholding. It means equality of votes	 of members. The constitution of the committee of management is indisput ably one of the affairs of the society. If each member exercises franchise with respect to the representation from his constituency he is not in any manner prevented from having a right to partake in the affairs of the society through a member elected from the constituency. Some reliance was placed by counsel for the appellants on rule 105 in support of the contention that every member would have one vote for each member of the committee of management. Rule 105 occurs in Chapter VII relating to meetings and speaks of matters before a committee being decided by a majority of votes of the members present. That rule obviously has no reference to election but only to passing of resolution by majority at meetings. It is obvious that members of the committee of management will have the right to vote at all matters at the meeting and matters will be decided by a majority of votes. The impeached circular of the Registrar is illegal and unwarranted Registrar has no power to interpret rule 409. The Registrar has equally no power to express view with regard to conduct of the election and regulate the voting rights by giving the members more than one vote. The society is to frame rules for elections. Rules require the sanction of the Registrar. The rules and the bye laws cannot be in derogation of the statute and statutory rules. At an election of members of the committee of management one member will have only One vote for the constituency to which he belongs. The result is that the elections which were held following the circular of the Registrar are bad. For these reasons the three appeals fail and are dismissed. The two special leave petitions are also dismissed. Parties will pay and bear their own costs. G.C. Appeals dismissed.

Under section 32 of the U.P. Cooperative Societies Act	 1965 the business to be conducted at the annual general meeting of a society includes inter alia election of the committee of management of the society. Under Rule 409 of the Act namely the Cooperative Societies Rules	 1967 a Cooperative society may	 for the purpose of the election of the Committee of management	 with the previous sanction of the Registrar of Cooperative Societies (a) divide its membership into different groups on territorial or any other rational basis	 and (b) also specify the number or proportion of the members of the committee of management in such a manner that different arm or interests	 as the case may be	 in the society may	 as far as may be	 get suitable representation on the committee of management. On 5 November 1969 the Registrar issued a circular interpreting Rule 409 and laid down the principle that "all the members of the general body" of the cooperative society would "exercise their right of vote in filling all the seats of elected Directors". The elections in the cooperative societies concerned in the present appeals were held according to the aforesaid directions given by the Registrar. The elections were challenged and set aside in proceedings under the Act. On the question whether the circular interpreting Rule 409 issued by the Registrar was valid	 this Court	 HELD : Under rule 409 the principal matters to be kept in the forefront are these. First	 the society will divide the constituencies on territorial basis or any other rational basis. By territorial basis is meant territory where the member will reside. Residence is therefore the relative re quirement of territorial basis. If any other rational basis like occupation or vocation is determined to be the basis of a constituency the persons falling within the constituency will satisfy that test. Secondly	 the society will specify the proportion of members of the committee in such a manner that different areas or interests may get suitable representation. The inherent idea is that such areas or interest will obtain representation. If membership is on territorial basis the different areas will get representation according to the interest of such territories. Again	 if occupational or professional tests are created for dividing groups such interests will have to be given suitable representation. Representation is therefore with reference to areas or interests. Judged by these principles the impeached circular of the Registrar suffered from the vice of giving the members the right of casting vote in constituencies to which they did not belong. This strikes at the basic root of the fight of representation. This also reads as under the principle of one member one vote which is made a role of law in the Act. [155 E G] 150 The words 'affairs of the society ' in section 20 cannot be equated with the constituencies to give each member a right to vote for each constituency. That would defeat the purpose of section 20 and rule 409. The basic idea of representation for each constituency depends on the mandate of the respective constituency and not of other constituencies. That is why section 20 of the Act speaks of one member having one vote irrespective of shareholding. It means equality of votes of members. [155 H] The impeached circular of the Registrar was illegal and unwarranted. The Registrar has no power to interpret rule 409. The Registrar has equally no power to express view with regard to the conduct of the election and regulate the voting rights by giving members more than one vote. The society is to frame rules for elections. The rules and the bye laws cannot be in derogation of the statute and statutory rules. At an election of members of the committee of management one member will have only one vote for the constituency to which he belongs. [156 E] The result was that the elections which were held following the circular of the Registrar were bad.