Summarize the following court judgment. Appeal No. 1968 of 1972. Appeal by Special Leave from the Judgment and Order dated the 4th August 1971 of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in Misc. Petition No. 41 of 1970 O. P. Malhotra	 O. C. Mathur	 and R. N. Mishra	 for the Appellant. M. K. Ramamurthi and J. Ramamurthi for Respondents Nos 14. 25. 31. 46. 47	 59	 61	 68	 70	 72	 76	 79	 80	 83	 84. 95	 96	 102	 126 and 129. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by SARKARIA	 J. This appeal by special leave is directed against the judgment	 dated August 4	 1971	 of the Madhya Pradesh High Court 875 whereby the apPellant 's Writ Petition under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution was dismissed. The appellant is the Jhagrakhan Collieries (P) Ltd.	 a Company incorporated under the Indian Companies Act. The Company owns three collieries in Jhagrakhan in Surguja District of Madhya Pradesh. These collieries employ over 4	200 workmen. At the relevant time there were three Trade Unions functioning at the collieries	 namely	 (1) Madhya Pradesh Koyla Mazdoor Panchayat (for short	 the 'Panchayat ' ); (2) Azad Koyla Shramik Sabha (for short	 the 'Sabha ')	 (3) Madhya Pradesh Colliery Workers ' Federation (for short. the Federation) At the material time	 the Panchayat	 according to the allegations of the Company	 had about 75 per cent of the workers on its rolls. This Union conducted a complete strike for 57 days in the months of March and April 1968 at the collieries. The Central Wage Board for Coal Mining Industry by its award recommended payment of Variable Dearness Allowance (for short	 V.D.A.)	 correlated to the cost of living index prevailing from time to time. The Company accepted these recommendations. The workers represented by *	he various Unions	 on the basis of the Wage Board 's award demanded V.D.A. at the rate of Rs. 1.47 per day with effect from April 1	 1968 while the Company was paying it at the rate of Rs. 1. 11 per day. The Company refused to pay more than Rs. 1.11 per day. Thereupon	 in December 1968. the Federation	 which had a membership of 169 workers (Respondents 4 to 173 herein) made an application before the Central Labour Court cum Industrial Tribunal Jabalpur (for short	 the Labour Court) under Section 33 C(2) of the Industrial Dispute 	; Act (for short the 'Act ') for determination of the amount of V.D.A. due to the workers The Company submitted its written statement on May 13. 1969	 challenging the jurisdiction of the court and raised other legal objections. On October 4	 1969	 the Panchayat served a notice of strike under Section 22(1) of the Act on the Company together with a charter of 29 demands and threatened to strike on or after November 7	 1969 if their demands were not conceded. Thereupon. the counciliation Proceedings purporting to be under section 22 read with section 12(1) of the Act were held by Mr. B. D. Sharma	 Assistant Labour Commissioner (C) Shahdol on the 21st and 22nd October. In the course of these conciliation proceedings on October 22	 1969	 besides other matters. the dispute relating to V.D.A. was settled. On October 22	 1969	 the Assistant Labour Commissioner (Mr. Sharma) sent a report together with a copy of the settlement to the Government	 as required by Section 12(3) of the Act. Subsequent to the signing of this conciliation agreement	 dated October 22	 1969. the Company filed a supplementary statement on November 5	 1969	 submitting that in view of the said settlement	 the application under section 33C(2) of the Act filed by the Federation	 had become infructuous. The Labour 876 Court by its order	 dated December 20	 1969 framed this additional issue : "Whether the claim stands settled by 'reason of settlement dated 22 10 1969	 if any". On behalf of the workers several objections were raised to the enforceability of. this settlement	 Their ultimate stand was that the settlement was not in accordance with the provisions of the Act	 inasmuch as it had not been brought about in proceedings before a duly appointed Conciliation Officer. The Labour Court tried this issue as a preliminary issue. It held that Shri Sharma was not a duly appointed Conciliation Officer on the date on which the settlement was arrived at	 and consequently	 it did not put an end to the dispute pending before the Labour Court. To impugn this order of the Labour Court	 the Company through its agent and Mining Engineer filed a Writ Petition under Article 226 and 227 of the Constitution	 which as stated before	 was dismissed by the High Court. Hence this appeal. Mr. Malhotra	 learned Counsel for the appellant raised three points in the course of his arguments before us : (1) In holding that the settlement	 dated October 22	 1969 was not a settlement in the course of conciliation proceedings	 the courts below have misconstrued Section 4 of the Act 	 inasmuch as	 they have relied only upon sub section (1) and have not taken into account its sub section (2) and the relevant notification thereunder. (2) (a) Assuming that the settlement in question was not a settlement in the course of conciliation proceedings and binding under section 18(3) on the Act	 it was still a settlement binding on the workman	 including respondents 4 to 173 herein	 when 99 per cent of the total workmen had accepted the terms of the settlement	 including V.D.A. (b) The Labour Court 's order refusing permission to the appellant Company to lead evidence to prove the implementation and acceptance of the	 aforesaid settlement by 99 per cent of the workers	 was. violative of the principles of natural justice. (3) There is nothing in the Act which prohibits the employee and the workmen from entering into a settlement during the pendency of proceedings under section 33 C(2) of the Act. On the other band	 settlements inter se between the parties have always been preferred by this Court to the adjudicatory process. Subsequently	 however	 Mr. Malhotra withdrew his contention with regard to point No. (1) and requested the Court not to give any finding thereon. We	 therefore	 refrain from going into the same. 877 For points (2) and (3)	 Mr. Malhotra placed reliance on two decisions of this Court	 namely : Amalgamated Coffee Estates Ltd. and ors. vs Their workmen and others(1) and The Sirsilk Ltd. and ors. vs Government of Andhra Pradesh and anr.(2) Before dealing with the points canvassed	 it will be appropriate to examine the relevant provisions of the Act. Section 2(p) of the Act defines settlement to mean " a settlement arrived at in the course of conciliation proceedings and includes a written agreement between the employer and workmen arrived at otherwise than in the course of conciliation proceeding 'where such agreement has been signed by the parties thereto in such manner as may be prescribed and a copy thereof has been sent to (an officer authorised in this behalf by) the appropriate Government and the conciliation officer." As analysis of. the above definition would show that it contemplates only two kinds of settlement (i) A settlement arrived at in the course of conciliation	proceedings under the Act and (ii) a written agreement between the employer and the workmen arrived at otherwise than in the course of conciliation proceedings. But a written agreement of the latter kind in order to fall within the definition must satisfy two more conditions	 namely : (a) it must have been signed by the parties thereto in the prescribed manner	 and (b) a copy thereof must have been sent to the authorities indicated in section 2(p). The effect of a settlement of the first kind is indicated in subsection (3) and that of the second in sub section (1) of section 18 of the Act. The material part of section 18 reads "18)1) A settlement arrived at by agreement between the employer and workmen otherwise than in the course of conciliation proceedings shall be binding on the parties to the agreement. (2) Subject to the provisions of sub section (3)	 an arbitration award which has become enforceable shall be binding on the parties to the agreement who referred the dispute to arbitration. " (3) A settlement arrived at in the course of conciliation proceedings under this Act (or an arbitration award in a case where a notification has been issued under 	sub section (3A) of Section (10A) or (an award of a Labour Court	 Tribunal or National Tribunal) which has become enforceable shall be binding on (a) all parties to the industrial dispute; (b) all other parties summoned to appear in the proceedings as parties to the dispute	 unless the Board	 (arbitrator) (Labour Court	 Tribunal or National (1) (2) [1964]S.C.R. 448. 878 Tribunal)	 as the case may be	 records the opinion that they were summoned without proper cause; (c) where a party referred to in clause (a) or clause (b) is an employer	 his heirs	 successors or assigns in respect of the establishment to which the dispute relates; (d) where a party referred to in clause (a) or clause (b) is composed of workmen	 all persons who were employed in the establishment or part of the establishment	 as the case may be	 to which the dispute relates on the date of the dispute and all persons who subsequently become employed in that establishment or part. " It is clear from a perusal of Section 18	 that a settlement arrived at in the course of conciliation proceedings is binding not only on the actual parties to the industrial dispute but also on the heirs	 successors or assigns of the employer on the one hand	 and all the workmen in the establishment	 present or future	 on the other. In extending the operation of such a settlement beyond the parties thereto	 sub section (3) of the Section departs from the ordinary law of contract and gives effect to the principle of collective bargaining. Thus	 had Mr. B. D. Sharma been a duly appointed Conciliation Officer	 the settlement arrived at in the conciliation proceedings	 duly conducted by him under Section 12	 would have been binding on the entire body of the workers including Respondents 4 to 173 represented by the Federation. and others who 'are members of the Sabha. Since the finding of the High Court to the effect that the settlement between the Panchayat and the management cannot be deemed to be settlement arrived at in the course of conciliation proceedings under the Act	 now stands unassailed. the aforesaid sub section (3) cannot be invoked to make it binding on Respondents 4 to 173. The question remains : Can it be enforced against these Respondents by virtue of sub section (1) of the Section ? This further narrows down into the issue : Were these respondents parties and signatories to the agreement between the management and the Panchayat ? The answer to this question is undoubtedly in the negative. Even Mr. Malhotra has conceded that at the time when the settlement was arrived at on October 22	 1969	 these respondents and the members of the Sabha. were not Parties to it. But his argument is that subsequently by drawing V.D.A. in accordance with the settlement	 99% of the workers have accepted the settlement which	 in consequence	 would be as effective against them as if they were parties to it. The argument is attractive but does not stand a close examination. We have already noticed that according to the scheme of section 18	 read with section 2(d)	 an agreement	 made otherwise than in the course of conciliation proceedings	 to be a settlement within the meaning of 879 the Act must be a written agreement signed in the manner prescribed by the Rules framed under the Act. As rightly pointed out by Mr. Ramamurthy	 learned Counsel for the Respondents an implied agreement by acquiescence	 or conduct such as acceptance of a benefit under an agreement in which the worker acquiescing or accepting the benefit was not a party being outside the purview of the Act	 is not binding on such a worker either under sub section (1) or under sub section (3) of section 18. It follows	 therefore	 that even if 99% of the workers have impliedly accepted the agreement arrived at on October 22	 1969	 by drawing V.D.A.	 under it	 it will not whatever its effect under the general law put an end to the dispute before the Labour Court and make it functus officio under the Act. The refusal of the Labour Court to allow the appellant to lead evidence at this stage	 has not caused any prejudice to the appellant. The issue decided as a preliminary issue involved a question of law which could be decided on the	 basis of material on record. For its it was not necessary to prove that 99% of the workers had accepted the agreement dated October 22	 1969. Even on an assumption of that fact in favour of the Company	 the claim before the Labour Court could not be deemed to have been settled qua respondents 4 to 173. Furthermore. the decision of the Labour Court neither debars the appellant from bringing on record evidence relevant to the issues; which still remain to be decided	 nor does it rule out the agreement dated October 22	 1969	 for all purposes. Indeed	 the Labour Court has in its order	 towards the end	 expressly said that the settlement	 dated October 22	_ 1969	 can be binding under section 18 (1) of the Act between the contracting parties. In view of the above	 we would negative contention (2) canvassed by Mr. Malhotra. This takes us to the third contention. Assuming that the Act does not inhibit the employers and the workmen from arriving at a settlement during the pendency of proceedings under section 33 C(2) of the Act	 such a settlement	 not being one arrived at in the course of conciliation proceedings would be enforceable only against the parties thereto. In the present case	 Respondents 4 to 173 and others who were not parties to the settlement dated October 22	 1969	 would not be bound by it. In the case of Amalgamated Coffee Estates Ltd. vs Their workmen (supra) cited by Mr. Malhotra	 pending the appeals by the management before this Court	 the subject matter of the award were settled between most of the managements and most of their employees represented by 'certain Unions. An application was made requesting the Court to dispose of the appeals in terms of such settlement. It was opposed on behalf of some of the employees. This Court called for a finding from the Industrial Tribunal on this issue 880 "In view of the fact that admittedly a large number of workmen employed by the appellants have accepted payments consistently with the terms of the agreements set up by the employers. in their present petition	 is it shown by the respondents that the said agreement is not valid and binding on them ?" The Tribunal submitted the finding that in every estate payments were made in terms of the settlement and such payments were voluntary and knowingly accepted by the workmen. It also held that the terms of the settlement were fair. This Court accepted the finding of the Tribunal holding that "the settlement appears to us also to be a fair one". It therefore	 decided the appeals in terms of the settlement. It will be seen that the decision in Amalgamated Coffee Estates case (supra) stands on its own facts. There the appeals arose	 out of an award of the Special Industrial Tribunal for plantations in a dispute between 228 coffee	 tea and rubber estates in South India and their employees referred to it under section 10(1) whereas the instant appeal arises out of proceedings under section 33 C(2) for the recovery of money on the basis of the Wage Board 's award and the dispute	 if any	 is about the computation of V.D.A. in implementation of that award. The scope of section 33 C(2) is not the same as that of section 10(1) of the Act. In East India Coal Company Ltd. Banares Colliery	 Dhanbad vs Raweshwar and Ors.(1) this Court held that although the scope of section 33 C(2) is wider than that of a 33 C(1)	 cases which would appropriately be adjudicated under section 10(1) are outside the purview of section 33 C(2). The provisions of section 33 C are	 broadly speaking	 in the nature of executing provisions. An appeal being a rehearing of the case	 in Amalgamated Coffee Estates ' case	 the jurisdiction of the Court to decide the dispute in a just manner was co extensive with that of the Tribunal to which it was referred under section 10(1). This Court found in agreement with the report of the Tribunal that the settlement arrived at between the most of the Unions representing most of the workers and the manage ments was fair and conducive to industrial peace	 and therefore	 it was just and appropriate to decide the dispute and dispose of the appeals in terms of the settlement. In the case before us	 the jurisdiction of the Labour Court is not only circumscribed by s 33 C(2) but the matter also is yet at the initial stage. The controversy between the parties still remains to be determined on merits. therefore	 do not think it necessary to say anything more with regard to contention No. 3 than what we have broadly indicated above. For the foregoing reasons	 the appeal fails and is dismissed with costs. Appeal Dismissed. V.M.K. 1.

The three collieries owned by the appellant company employ over 4	200 workmen. At the relevant time	 there were three Trade Unions functioning at the collieries namely	 Madhya Pradesh Koyla Mazdoor Panchayat	 Azad Koyla Shramik Sabha and Madhya Pradesh Colliery Workers ' Federation. At the material time	 the Panchayat	 according to the allegations of the Company	 had about 75 per cent of the workers on its rolls. This Union conducted a complete strike for 57 days in the months of March and April 1968 at the collieries. The Central Wage Board for Mining Industry by its award recommended payment of Variable Dearness Allowance (V.D.A.)	 correlated to the cost of living index prevailing from time to time. The Company accepted those recommendations. The workers represented by the various Unions	 on the basis of the Wage Board 's award	 demanded V.D.A. at the rate of Rs. 1.47 per day with effect from April 1	 1968 while the Company was paying it at the rate of Re. 1. 1 1 per day. The Company refused to pay more than Re. 1. 11 per day. Thereupon	 in December 1968. the Federation. which had a membership of 169 workers (Respondents 4 to 173) made an application before the Central Labour Court cum Industrial Tribunal Jabalpur (the Labour Court) under section 33 C(2) of the Industrial Disputes Act for determination of the amount of V.D.A. due to the workers. The Company submitted its Written Statement on May 13	 1969	 challenging the jurisdiction of the court and raised other legal objections. In consequence of the notice of strike under Sec. 22(1) of the Act by the Panchayat	 the conciliation proceedings to be under section 22 read with sec. 12(1) of the Act were held by Mr. B. D. Sharma. Assistant Labour Commissioner. In the course of these conciliation proceedings besides other matters	 the dispute relating to V.D.A. was settled. Subsequent to the signing of the conciliation agreement	 the company filed a supplementary statement before the Labour Court that	 in view of the settlement	 the application filed by the Federation had become infructuous. The stand taken by the workers Was that the settlement was not in accordance. with the provisions of the Act. The Labour Court tried this issue as a preliminary issue. It held that Shri Sharma was not a duly appointed 	conciliation officer on the 'date on which the settlement was arrived at and consequently	 it did not put an end to the dispute pending before the Labour Court. The Writ Petition filed by the Company in the High Court impugning the order of the Labour Court was dismissed. Hence this appeal by special leave. It was contended for the appellant (i) Assuming that the settlement in question was not a settlement in the course of conciliation proceedings and binding under section 18(3) of the Act	 it was still a settlement binding on the workmen	 including respondents 4 to 173 herein	 when 99 per cent of the total workmen had accepted the terms of the settlement	 including V.D.A; (ii) The Labour Court 's order refusing permission to the appellant Company to lead evidence to prove the implementation and acceptance of the aforesaid settlement by 99 per cent of the workers	 was violative of the principles of natural justice	 and (iii) There is nothing in the Act which prohibits the employers and the workmen 874 from entering into a settlement during the pendency of proceedings under section 33 C(2) the Act. On the other hand	 settlements inter se between the parties have always been preferred by this Court to the adjudicatory process. HELD (i) A perusal of sec. 18 of the Act makes it clear that a settlement at rived at in the course of conciliation proceedings is binding not only On the actual parties to the industrial dispute but also on the heirs	 successors or assigns 	of the employer on the one hand	 and all the workmen in the establishment	 present or future. on the other. Thus had Mr. B. D. Sharma been a duly appointed Conciliation Officer	 the settlement arrived at in the conciliation proceedings	 duly conducted by him under sec. 12	 would have been binding on the entire body of the workers. Since the finding of the High Court to the effect	 that the settlement between the Panchayat and the management cannot be deemed a	 settlement arrived at in the course of conciliation proceedings under the Act	 now stands unassailed	 sub sec. (3) of sec. 18 cannot be invoked to make it binding on Respondents 4 to 173 represented by the Federation. An implied agreement by acquiescence or conduct such as acceptance of a benefit under an agreement to which the worker acquiescing or accepting the benefit was not a party being out side the purview of the Act is not binding on such a worker either under sub sec. (1) or under sub sec. (3) of sec. 18 of the Act. It follows	 therefore	 that	 even if 99% of the workers have impliedly accepted the agreement by drawing V.D.A. under it	 it will not whatever its effect under the general law put an end to the dispute before the Labour Court and make it functus officio under the Act	 [878C E; 879A B] (ii) The refusal of the Labour Court to allow the appellant to lead evidence at this stage	 has not caused any prejudice to the appellant. The issue decided as a preliminary issue involved a question of law which could be decided on the basis of material on record. Furthermore	 the decision of the Labour Court neither debars the appellant from bringing on record evidence relevant to the issues which still remain to be decided	 nor does it rule out the agreement for all purposes. [879C E] ' (iii) In East India Coal Company Ltd.	 Benares Colliery	 Dhanbad vs Rameshwar and ors. 	 this Court held that although the scope of section 33C(2) is wider than that of sec. 33 C(1)	 cases which would appropriately be adjudicated under sec. 10(1) are outside the purview of sec. 33C(2). The provisions of section 33 C are broadly speaking in the nature of executing provisions. The jurisdiction of the Labour Court	 in the present case	 is not only circumscribed by sec.33 C(2) but the matter also is yet at the initial stage. The controversy between the parties still remains to be determined on merits. [880F & G] Amalgamated Coffee Estates Ltd. and Ors. vs Their workmen and Ors. discussed and The Sirsilk Ltd. and Ors. vs Govt. of Andhra Pradesh and Anr	 [1964] S.C.R. 448	 referred to.