Summarize the following court judgment. Appeal No. 188 of 1961. Appeal by special leave from the judgment and order dated September 11	1959	 of the Industrial Tribunal	 Punjab	 Patiala in Reference No. 30 of 1957. G.S. Pathak	 J. B. Dadachanji	 O. C. Mathur and Ravinder Narain	 for the appellants. Bawa Shivcharan Singh and Janardan Slwrma for the respondents. February 8. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by VENKITARAMA AIYAR	 J. This is an appeal by special leave against the Order of the Industrial Tribunal	 Punjab	 dated September 11	 1959	 in Reference No. 30 of 1957	 overruling certain preliminary objections raised by the appellant to the 91 jurisdiction of the Tribunal to hear the reference. The facts are that on February 14		1955	 the Government of Punjab referred under section 10(1)(c) of the 	 hereinafter referred to as "the Act"	 certain disputes between the appellant and the respondents to the Industrial Tribunal Punjab	 Jullundur	 for adjudication. ' That was numbered as Reference No. 3 of 1955. This Tribunal had been constituted on August 29	 1953	 by a Notification issued by the Government of Punjab	 which is as follows "In exercise of the powers conferred under section 7 of the (Act XIV of 1947)	 the Governor of Punjab	 in consultation with the Punjab High Court	 is pleased to appoint Shri Avtar Narain Gujral 'Advocate	 as Industrial Tribunal 'for Punjab. " The main contention pressed before us on %behalf of the appellant is that Shri A.N. Gujral was 'not qualified under section 7(3)(c) of the Act under which the Notification was issued to be appointed as Tribunal on August 29	 1953	 as he was very sixty years of age on that date	 having been born on June 4	 1 892	 and that there was therefore no Tribunal validly constituted in existence	 and that in consequence the reference	 to that so called Tribunal on February 14	 55	 was wholly inoperative. While Reference No. 3 of 1955 was pending before the Tribunal	 the provisions of the 	 were amended by the Industrial Dispute (Amendment and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act	 1956 (Act No. 36 of 1956)	 which came into force on March 10	 1957. This Amendment Act repealed section 7 of the principal Act	 and replace it by sections 7A	 7B and 7C. Section 30 of the Amendment Act contains a saving as regards proceedings in relation to any industrial dispute which had been pending before a Tribunal constituted under the principal Act. Acting under this section	 the 92 Punjab Government issued on April 19	 1957	 the following Notification : "No. 4194 0. Lab 57/652 RA In continuation of Punjab Government Memorandum No. 3078 C Lab 57/4224	 dated the 1st/llth March	 1957	 and in exercise of the powers conferred by section 7 of the 	 as in force before the commencement of the Industrial Disputes (Amendment and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act	 1956	 read with Section 30 of the latter Act and all other powers enabling him in this behalf the Governor of Punjab is pleased to extend (a)the period for which the Industrial Tribunal	 Punjab	 Jullundur	 is constituted	 and (b)the term of appointment of the Role Member thereof. up to the last day of October	 1957	 or such date as the proceedings in relation to industrial disputes pending in the said Tribunal immediately before the 10th March	 1957	 are disposed of	 whichever is earlier." To put it briefly	 this Notification extended the life of the Tribunal constituted under the repealed section 7	 for the period specified therein	 and it also continued the term of Shri A	N. Gujral	 as a Member thereof	 for the said period. The contention of the appellant with reference to this Notification is that section 30 of Act 36 of 1956 does not authorise the appointment of a Member to the Tribunal constituted under section 7	 and that the Notification in so far as it continued Sbri A.N. Gujral. as a Member of the Tribunal after his term of office had expired on Mach 10	 1957	 was unauthorised and void. 93 On the same date on which the above Notification was issued	 that is on April 19	 1957	 the Government of Punjab issued a Notification under section 7A of the Act of which the relevant portion is as follows : "No. 4194 C Lab 57/66t RA In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 7A of the Industrial Disputes Act	 1917	 as inserted by section 4 of the Industrial Disputes (Amendment and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 	 1956	 (No. 36 of 1956)	 and all other powers enabling him in this behalf	 the Governor of Punjab is pleased to constitute an Industrial Tribunal with Headquarters at Jullundur and to appoint Shri Avtar Narain Gujral	 B.A.	 LL.B.	 as its Presiding Officer with effect from the date of the publication of this notification in the Official Gazette up to 3rd June	 1957. " It will be noticed that this Notification firstly constituted a now Tribunal being the Industrial Tribunal	 Jullundur	 and secondly it appointed Shri A. N. Gujral as its Presiding Officer 'up to June 3	 1957. The significance of that date is that	 under section 7C (b) enacted by the Amendment Act	 1956	 the age of retirement for members was fixed at sixty five	 and under that provision	 Shri A.N. Gujral would have to retire on June 3	 1957. The Punjab Legislature intervened at this stage and enacted two statutes which are material for the present dispute. One of them was the Industrial Disputes (Punjab Amendment) Act 8 of. Section 3 of this Act amended section 7C (b) of the principal Act by substituting for the words "he has attained the age of sixty five years"	 the words "he has attained the the age of sixty seven years". Thus the age of retirement was raised to sixty seven years. By the operation of this Act	 the tenure of Shri A. N. Gujral could be extended from 94 June 3	 1957 to June 3	 1959	 and that in fact was done by a number of Notifications issued from time to time. The appellant contends that this legislation was intended to benefit a single individual Shri A.N. Gujral	 and is therefore void as offending article 14 of the Constitution. The result	 according to the appellant	 is that after June 3	 1957	 there was no one validly holding the office of Member of the Industrial Tribunal. The second statute enacted by the Punjab Government is the Industrial Disputes (Amendment and Miscellaneous Provisions) (Punjab Amendment) Act 9 of 1957. It introduced in section 30 of the Amendment Act	 1956	 a new sub section (2) conferring on the 	State Government authority to re constitute Tribunal established under the 	 where those Tribunals had come to an end and there were matters pending before them for adjudication. Going back to the Tribunal which was constituted under the repealed section 7 of the Act it will be remembered that a Notification had been issued on April 19	 1957	 under section 30 of the Amendment Act	 1956	 keeping it alive until the pending matters were dis posed of or until October 31	 1957	 whichever was earlier. The expectation that the proceedings before that Tribunal would be completed by that date was however	 not realised and therefore acting under section	 33B (1) of the Act	 and section 30 of the Amendment Act 1956	 as further amended by Punjab Act	 9 of 1957. the Government of Punjab issued on October 31	 1957 a Notification transferring the matters pending before the old Tribunal constituted under section 7 to the new Tribunal constituted on April 19	 1957	 under section 7A. In accordance with this Notification	 Reference No. 3 of 1955 was transferred to the new Tribunal and was renumbered as 30 of 1957. The contentions urged by the appellant against this order of transfer are	 firstly	 that the Tribunal to which the transfer had been made was not	 for the reasons already given	 validly constituted and had no legal existence	 and	 95 secondly	 that the new provision introduced by the Punjab Act 9 of 1957 has no retrospective operation and that	 in consequence	 the proceedings which had been pending before the old Tribunal on March 10	 1957	 could not be transferred to the new Tribunal under this section. The present reference 30 of 1957 was pending till June 3	 1959	 when Sbri A.N. Gujral retired. The Punjab Government then issued a Notification appointing Sri Kesho Ram Passey	 retired Judge of the Punjab High Court as the Presiding Officer of the Industrial Tribunal	 Jullundur. Before him	 the present appellant filed an application on September 4	 1959	 raising a number of preliminary objections to the hearing of the reference. By its Order dated September 11	 1959	 the Tribunal overruled these objections and posted the. matter for hearing on the merits. It is the correctness of this Order that is DOW challenged before us in this Appeal. Though a number of objections were raised to the bearing of the rieference be	.fore the Tribunal	 the contentions advanced before us for the appellant are the following : (1) Shri A. N. Gujral was riot qualified to be appointedto the Tribunal under section 7(3)(c) of the Act that	 in consequence	 the reference to him dated February 14	 1955	 was incompetent; (2)that the Notification. of the Punjab Government dated April 19	 1957 appointing Shri A. N. Gujral as a Member of the Industrial Tribunal	 Juilundur	 and the subsequent Notifications extending bis tenures of office are unauthorised and inoperative; (3)that the Notification of the Punjab Government dated Ootober 31	 1957	 transferring the proccedings. pending before the old Tribunal to the new Tribunal was inoperative	 because (i) the Punjab Act 8 of 1957 is void being repugnant to article 14 of the	 Constitution and the appointment of Shri A. N. Gujral as Member under that Act is also void; 96 and (ii) section 30(2) enacted by Punjab Act 9 of 1957 under which the transfer was made	 did not authorise transfer of proceedings	 which had been pending on or before March 10	 1957. (1) Taking up first the	 contention that Shri A. N. Gujral was not qualified to be appointed to the Tribunal on August 29	 1953	 by reason of the fact that he was over sixty years of age	 the question is one of interpretation of the language of section 7(3)(c) of the Act. Section 7	 in so far As it is material for the present purpose	 is as follows: "7. Industrial Tribunals. (1) The appropriate Government may constitute	 one or more Industrial Tribunals for the	 adjudication o f industrial disputes in accordance with the provisions of this Act. (2)A Tribunal shall consist of such number of independent members as the appropriate Government may think fit to appoint		 and where the Tribunal consists of two or more members	 one of them shall be appointed as the Chairman thereof. (3)Where a Tribunal consists of one member only	 that member	 and where it consists of two or more members	 the Chairman of the Tribunal	 shall be a person who (a)is or has been a Judge of a High Court; or (b) is or has been a District Judge or (c) is qualified for appointment as a Judge of a High Court: Provided that no appointment under this subsection to a Tribunal shall be made of any person Dot qualified under clause (a) or (b) except with the approval of the High Court of 97 the State in which the Tribunal has	 or is intended to have its usual seat." Shri A. N. Gujral was appointed under section 7(3)(c) being an Advocate. The question is	 whether he was then qualified for appointment as a Judge of a High Court under that clause. The Constitutional provision hearing on this point is article 217	 which in so far as it is material is as follows : "217. (1) Every Judge of a High Court shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal after consultation with the Chief Justice of India	 the Governor of the State	 and	 in the case of appointment of a Judge other than the Chief Justice	 the Chief Justice of the High Court	 and shall hold office in the case of an additional or acting Judge	 as provided in article 224	 and in any other case until he attains the age of sixty years; Provided that. . . (2)A person shall not be qualified for appointment as a Judge of a High Court unless he is citizen of India and (a) has for at least ten years held an Judicialoffice in the territory of India	 or (b) has for at least ten years been a advocate of a High Court or of two or more such Courts in succession. Explanation. . While article 217 (2) prescribes the qualifications for appointment as a Judge	 article 217(1) lays down that the Judge shall hold office until he attains the age of sixty years. The whole of the controversy before us is as to the inter relation between these two clauses. The contention of Mr. Pathak	 learned counsel for the appellant	 is that though article 217 (1) refers	 in terms	 to the termination of the office of Judge	 in substance	 it lays down a 98 qualification for appointment	 because the appointment of a person over sixty as a Judge would clearly be repugnant to article 217(1) even though he might satisfy all the requirements of article 217(2). It is accordingly argued that it is an implied qualification for appointment as a Judge under article 217 that the person should not have attained the age of sixty at the time of the appointment. We agree that there is implicit in article 217(1) a prohibition against appointment as a Judge of a person who has attained the age of sixty years. But in our view	 that is in the nature of a condition governing the appointment to the office not a qualification with reference to a person who is to be appointed thereto. There is manifest on the terms and on the scheme of the article a clear distinction between requirements as to the age of a person who could be appointed as a Judge and his fitness based on experience and ability to fill the office. article 217(1) deals with the former	 and	 in form	 it has reference to the termination of the office and can therefore be properly read only as imposing	 by implication a restriction on making the appointment. In strong contrast to this is article 217(2) which expressly refers to the qualifications of the person to be appointed such as his having held a judicial post or having been an Advocate for a period of not less than ten years. We think that on a true construction of the article the prescription as to age is a condition attached to the duration of the office and not a qualification for appointment to it. Mr. Pathak also relied on articles 224 and 376 as lending support to his contention that age is to be regarded as an implied qualification under article 217. article 224 relates to the appointment of additional and acting Judges and it is provided in els. (1) and (2) that the person to be appointed as additional or acting Judge by the President should be a duly qualified person. There is nothing about the age of the person to be appointed in these clauses. 99 That is provided in article 224(3) when enacts that no person appointed as an additional or acting Judge of a High Court shall hold office after attaining the age of sixty years. " This article is also framed on the same lines as article 217 and does not carry the matter further. Nor is there anything in article 376 which throws any further light on this point. It has reference to persons who were Judges in the High Courts of the States specified in part of the First Schedule at the time when the Constitution came into force	 and provides that they shall become Judges of the High Courts in those States under the Constitution	 and then enacts a special provision that they "shall notwithstanding anything in clauses (1) and (2) of article 217 but subject to the proviso to clause (1) of	 that article	 continue to hold office until the expiration of such period as the President may by order determine. " We see nothing in the terms of this article which lends any support to the contention that age is to be regarded as a qualification. More to the point under consideration is article 165 (1) that the "	Governor of each State shall appoint a person who is qualified to be appointed as a Judge of a High Court to be Advocate General for the State. " The question has been discussed whether on the terms of this article" a person who has attained the age of sixty could be appointed as an Advocate General. If the age of a person is to be regarded as one of his qualifications	 then he could not be. The point arose for decision in G. D. Karkare vs T. L. Shevde (1)	 where a Judge who had retired at the age of sixty had been appointed as Advocate General. The validity of the appointment was challenged on the ground that he was disqualified by reason of his age. The learned Judges of the Nagpur High Court held that cl. (1) of article 217 of the Constitution prescribed only the duration of the appointment of a Judge of the High Court and could not be construed (1) I. L.R. [1952] Nas. 409. 100 as prescribing a qualification for his appointment. It is argued for the appellant that the appointment of an Advocate General under article 165 might stand on a different footing from that of a Judge under article 217. because of the special provision in article 165(3) that the Advocate General is to hold office	 at pleasure	 whereas a Judge holds office during good behavior. But this difference bears only on the power of the appropriate authority to terminate the appointment and not on the qualification of the person to be appointed to the office. In our view	 the interpretation put upon article 217 in G. D. Karkare 's case (1) is correct. Though the true meaning of article 217 has figured largely in the argument before us	 it is to be noted that we are primarily concerned in this appeal with the interpretation of section 7(3)(c) of the Act	 and that must ultimately turn on its own context. Section 7(3)(a) provides for the appoint ment of a High Court Judge	 sitting or retired	 as a Member of the Tribunal. Age is clearly not a qualification under this sub clause	 as the age for retirement for a Judge of the High Court is sixty. Likewise	 el. (b) provides for the appointment of a District Judge	 setting or retired	 as a Member. A retired District Judge who is aged over sixty will be eligible for appointment under this subclause. Thus the age of a person does not enter into his qualifications under sub cls. (a) and (b). It would therefore be legitimate to construe sub el. (c) as not importing any qualification on the ground of age. But it is said that sub cls. (a) and (b) form a distinct group having reference to judicial officers	 whereas	 cl. (c) is confined to Advocates	 who form a distinct category by themselves	 and that in view of this difference	 considerations as to age applicable to cl. (a) and (b) need not be applicable to el. There is undoubtedly a distinction (1) I. L. R.[1952] Nag. 409. 101 between cls. (a) and (b) on the one hand and c1. (c) on the other. But the question is whether this has any reasonable relation to the difference which is sought to be made between the two classes with reference to the age of appointment. If a retired Judge of the age of sixty can fittingly fill the office of a Member of the Tribunal under section 7	 an Advocate of that age can likewise do so. In our view	 there is no ground for importing in section 7(3)(c) an implied qualification as to age	 which is not applicable to el. 7(3)(a) and (b). This question was considered by a Bench of the Punjab High Court in Prabhudayal vs State of Punjab (1). There the validity of the appointment of Shri A. N. Gujral under the notification dated August 29	 1953	 which is the very point now under debate	 was challenged on the ground that as he was over sixty on that date	 he was not qualified to be appointed under section 1 (3)(c). The Court held approving of the decision in G. D. Karkare 's case (2)	 that the prescription as to age in article 217 (1) was not a qualification to the office of a Judge under article 217(2)	 and that a person who was more than sixty was qualified for appointment under section 7(3)(c). Reliance is placed for the appellant on the terms of section 7C which was substituted by the Amendment Act 36 of 1956 in the place of section 7 as supporting the contention that age is a qualification for appointment under section 7(3) (c). Section 7C is as follows : "No person shall be appointed to	 or continue in	 the office of the presiding officer of a Labour Court	 Tribunal or National Tribunal	 if (a) he is not an independent pet son or (1) A. 1. R (2) 1.1 R.[1952] Nag. 409. 102 (b) he has attained the age of sixty five years ' " The marginal note to that section which was also relied on is as follows : " Disqualifications for the presiding officers of Labour Courts	 Tribunals and National Tribunals. " The argument of the appellant is that	 in prescribing the age as a qualification under section 7C	 the Legislature only made explicit what was implicit in a. 7(3)(c)	 and that therefore the qualification on the basis of age should also be imported in section 7(3)(c). This inference does not	 in our opinion	 follow. The insertion of age qualification in section 7C is more consistent with an intention on the part of the Legislature to add	 in the light of the working of the repealed section 7	 a new provision prescribing the age of retirement for Members. We agree with the decision of the Punjab High Court in Prabhudayals case (1) and hold that section 7 (3) (c) does not import any qualification based on the age of the person to be appointed	 and that the appointment of Shri A. N. Gujral on August 29	 1953	 was valid under a. 7(3)(c). (2)The next contention advanced for the appellant is that the Notification dated April 19	 1957	 appointing Shri A. N. Gujral as a Member of the Tribunal issued under section 30 of the Amendment Act 36 of 1956 was not authorised by the terms of that section and that therefore there was no validly constituted Tribunal from that date. Section 30 is as follows : "Savings as to proceedings pending before Tribunals : If immediately before the commencement of this Act there is pending any proceeding in relation to an Industrial dispute before a Tribunal constituted (1) A. I. R. [1959] Punj 460. 103 under the (14 of 1947)	 as in force before such commencement	 the dispute may be adjudicated and the proceeding disposed of by that Tribunal after such commencement	 as if this Act had not been passed. " The contention urged before us is that section 7 under 	Which Shri A. N. Gujral had been constituted Tribunal was repealed on March 10	 1957	 the notification dated April 19	 1957	 appointing him as a Member of the Tribunal is void. There is no substance in this contention. Section 30 expressly provides for the life of the Tribunal being extended for the period specified therein	 and that necessarily implies a power to continue Shri A. N. Gujral as the Tribunal	 and we should add that in view of our decision on point No. 3 this objection is practically of no importance. (3)Lastly	 it is contended that the transfer of the proceedings pending before the old Tribunal to the new Tribunal under the Notification dated October 31	 1957	 was invalid and inoperative. Two grounds were urged in support of this contention. One is that Shri A.N. Gujral attained the age of sixty five on June 4	 1957	 and his term of office would have then expired under s.7C. Then the Punjab Legislature enacted Act 8 of 1957 raising the age of retirement under s.70(b) from sixty five to sixty seven. That was with a	 view to continue Shri A.N. Gujral in office. And this legislation came into force only on June 3	 1957. This Act	 it is said offends article 14 as its object was to benefit a particular individual	 Shri A.N. Gujral	 and reference was made to a decision of this Court in Ameeroonissa vs Mehboob (1) as supporting this contention. There is no force in this contention. There the legislation related to the estate of one (1) ; 104 Nawab Waliuddoula	 and it provided that the claims of Mahboob Begum and Kadiran Begum	 who claimed as heirs stood dismissed thereby and could not be called in question in any court of law. And this Court held that it was repugnant to article 14	 as it singled out individuals and denied them the right which other citizens have of resort to a court of law. But the impugned Act	 8 of 1957 is of general application	 the age being raised to sixty seven with reference to all persons holding the office under that section. The occasion which inspired the enactment of the statute might be the impending retirement of Shri A. N. Gujral. But that is not a ground for holding that it is discriminatory and contravenes article 14	 when it is	 on its terms	 of general application. The second ground of attack against the order of transfer is that it is not competent under s.30(2) of the Amendment Act 36 of 1956 as further amended by the Punjab Act 9 of 1957. Section 30(2) is as follows : "If immediately before the commencement of this Act there was pending any proceeding in relation to an industrial dispute before a Tribunal constituted under the 	 as in force before such commencement and such proceeding could riot be disposed of by that Tribunal due to the Tribunal having come to an end on the expiry of the period for which it was constituted	 the State Government may reconstitute that Tribunal for adjudicating that dispute and disposing of that proceeding after such commencement as if this Act had not bee n passed	 and the proceeding may be continued by that Tribunal from the	 stage at which it was left. " 105 The contention urged before us is that this provision has no retrospective operation and that in consequence the proceedings which had been pending before the old Tribunal on March 10	 1957	 could not be transferred to the new Tribunal under this section. This contention is clearly untenable	 because the whole object of s.30(2) is to provide for the hearing of disputes which were pending before the old Tribunal	 and its operation is entirely retrospective. This contention must there. fore be rejected. In the result	 the repeal fails and is dismissed with costs. Appeal dismissed.

On February 14	 1953	 the Government of Punjab referred certain disputes between the appellant company and its workmen to the Industrial Tribunal which had been consti tuted on August 29	 1953	 by a notification issued under section 7 of the industrial Disputes Act	 1947	 by which G	 an Advo cate	 was appointed as the Industrial Tribunal for Punjab. When the reference was pending the Act was amended. The Amendment Act inter alia repealed section 7 of the principal Act and replaced it by sections 7A	 7B and 7C	 and by section 30 provided for a saving clause in respect of the proceedings pending before the Tribunal constituted under the principal Act. On April 19	 1957	 the Punjab Government issued a notification under section 7 of the Act and section 30 of the Amendment Act extending the life of the Tribunal constituted under the repealed section 7 and also extending the term of G as the member. On the same date another Notification was issued under section 7A of the Act constituting a new Tribunal and appointing G as the Presiding Officer up to June 3	 1957. Under section 70 (b) the age of retirement for members was fixed at sixty five and under that provision G would have to retire by June 3	 1957. The Punjab Government intervened and passed the Industrial Disputes (Punjab Amendment) Act	 1957	 raising the age of retirement of members to sixty seven years. After G had retired on June 3	 1959	 the Punjab Government issued a notification appointing another person as the Presiding Officer of the Industrial Tribunal. The appellant challenged the legality of the reference on the grounds	 inter alia	 (1) that G was not qualified to be appointed to the Tribunal under section 7 (3) (c) of the Act	 as he was over sixty years and	 therefore	 the reference to him dated 90 February 14	 1955	 was incompetent	 and (2) that the Indus trial Disputes (Punjab Amendment) Act	 1937	 was passed with a view to benefit a single individual	 G	 and	 therefore	 was void as offending article 14 of the Constitution of India. Held	 (1) section 7(3)(c) of the 	 did not import any qualification based on the age of the person to be appointed	 and that the appointment of G on August 29	 1953	 was valid under that section. On the true Construction of article 217 of the Constitution of India	 the prescription of age therein is a condition attached to the duration of the office and not a "qualifica tion" for appointment to it. G.D. Karkare vs T.L. Shevde	 I.L.R. and Prabhudayal vs State of Punjab	 A. I. R. 1959 Punj. 460	 approved. (2) the Industrial Disputes (Punjab Amendment) Act	1957	not contravene article 14 of the Constitution	 because thoughthe occasion which inspired the enactment of the statutemight be to benefit an individual	 it was of general application and could not therefore be held to be discriminatory. Ameerunissa vs Mehboob; 	 	 distinguished.