Summarize the following court judgment. minal Appeal Nos. 87 91 of 1964. Appeal by special leave from the judgment and order dated January 18	 1964	 of the Judicial Commissioner 's Court for Tripura in Criminal Misc. (Habeas Corpus) Petitions Nos. 15	 20	 25	 26 and 28 of 1963	 and Habeas Corpus Petitions Nos. 24 and 27 of 1963. AND Writ Petitions Nos. 43	 42	 40	 41	 65 and 80 of 1964. Petition Under article 32 of the Constitution of India for the enforcement of the fundamental rights. R. K. Garg	 section C. Agarwala	 D. P. Singh and M. K. Ramamurthi	 for the appellants and petitioners in all. H. N. Sanyal	 Solicitor General	 D. R. Prem and R. H. Dhebar	 for the respondents (Except Respondent No. 2 in W.P. 43 of 1964). D. Goburdhun	 for respondent No. 2 (in W.P. 43 of 1 964). July 23	 1964	 The Judgment of the Court was delivered by GAJENDRAGADKAR C. J. These Criminal Appeals and Writ Petitions have been placed for hearing together in a group because they raise common questions of law. As is well known	 after the Chinese attacked the northern border of India on the 8th September	 1962	 the President issued a Proclamation under article 352 of the Constitution on the 26th October	 1962. This proclamation declared that a grave emergency existed which posed a threat to the security of India. On the same day	 an Ordi 297 nance was promulgated by the President. This Ordinance was subsequently modified by Ordinance No. 6 of 1962 on the 3rd of November	 1962. The President also issued an Order tinder article 359(1) suspending the rights of citizens to move any court for the enforcement of the rights conferred by Articles 21 and 22 during the pendency of the emergency proclamation. On the 26th October	 1962	 the Rules framed by the Central Government under the Defence of India Act (hereinafter called 'the Rules ') were published. Rule 30 of the Rules as originally framed was subsequently modified on the 6th December	 1962 and Rule 30 A was added. Later	 an Act was passed on the 12th December	 1962	 and section 48(1) of this Act provided for the repeal of the earlier Ordinances. Even so	 section 48(2) provided for the continuance of the Rules framed under the Ordinances	 so that the relevant Rules framed under the Ordinances have to be taken as Rules framed under the latter Act. It appears that Mr. Mukerjee who was the Administrator of the Union Territory of Tripura at the relevant time	 considered the material placed before him as such Administrator and was satisfied that a group of Communists had been agitating amongst the tribals residing in the area and inciting them against the Government	 and he came to the conclusion that their activities were likely to endanger the security of the State. Acting on this view	 he directed that 68 persons should be detained under Rule 30(1)(b) and passed appropriate orders in that behalf. Later	 lie was satisfied that 45 out of these 68 persons need not be detained any longer; and so	 he ordered their release from time to time. That left 23 persons under detention and it is with the cases of these 23 persons that we are concerned in the present group if criminal appeals and writ petitions. 12 out of these 23 persons moved the Judicial Commissioner of Tripura under article 226 of the Constitution and prayed that the orders of detention under which they continued to be detained at the time of their petitions were illegal and should be set aside and they should be ordered to be released forthwith. These applications were heard 298 together by the learned Judicial Commisioner and were ultimately dismissed. Against his decision	 Criminal Appeals Nos. 87 91 of 1964	 and 106 and 107 of 1964 have been filed by the detenues	 with special leave granted to them by this Court on petitions made by them in that behalf. It appears that the detenues Mohan Chaudhury and Jagabrata Sen Gupta who have joined in Cr. Nos. 87 91/1964	 have also preferred separate criminal appeals Nos. 106 and 107/1964 individually. That is how this group of appeals is concerned with the cases of 12 detenues who had moved the Judicial Commissioner under article 226; and their grievance is that the view taken by the Judicial Commissioner in regard to the points of law raised by them before him	 is not correct. The Writ Petitions deal with cases of 11 remaining detenues and they joined the detenues who have preferred appeals before us by special leave in contending that the continuance of their detention is invalid and that a similar plea raised by the appellants before the Judicial Commis sioner should have been upheld by him. That is how the criminal appeals and the writ petitions between them raise common questions of law. Mr. Garg who appeared for the appellants and the petitioners	 as well as the learned Solicitor General who appeared for the respondent	 the Chief Commissioner of Tripura	 agreed that it would not be necessary to consider the facts in each individual case for the purpose of decid ing the common questions of law raised by them. It would be enough if we refer to the facts in one case	 because facts in other cases are exactly similar and there would be no point of distinction on facts as such. We would	 therefore	 refer to the facts relevant to the case of the detenu Biren Dutta. Biren Dutta was detained on the 25th December	 1962	 and an order issued in that behalf was duly served on him. On the 26th December	 1962	 he was transferred to the Hazaribagh Jail. The respondent 's case is that on the 15th February	 1963	 the case of Biren Dutta was reviewed under R. 30A(8) and it was decided to continue his deten 299 tion. Subsequently	 his case was reviewed on the 3rd July	 1963	 5th September	 1963	 and 11th March	 1964	 and on each occasion	 it was decided to continue his detention. On the other hand	 Biren Dutta 's contention before the Judicial Commissioner was that an order of review had not been passed as required by R. 30A(8) and had not been communicated to him. It was urged on his behalf that Rule 30A(8) requires that the decision to continue the detention of a detenu must be reduced to writing and must be communicated to the detenu	 and the argument was that since these two conditions prescribed by the relevant Rule had not been complied with	 the continuance of the detenu 's detention was invalid in law. The Judicial Commissioner has negatived the contentions thus raised by the detenu. He has found that the decision to continue the detenu 's detention reached by the respondent under R. 30A(8) had in fact been reduced to writing	 and in support of this contention	 he has referred to the fact that the original file containing a record of the decision had been produced on behalf of the respondent before the Judicial Commissioner	 but since the respondent 's learned Advocate was apparently not prepared to allow the lawyer of the detenu inspection of the said record	 the court did not consider the evidence supplied by it. The argument urged by the detenu that the said record may have been subsequently manufactured was rejected by the Judicial Commissioner. The Judicial Commissioner also considered the fact that the affidavit made on behalf of the respondent showed that when the cases of the detenues were considered by him from time to time	 he actually ordered the release of some of them. This fact	 according to the Judicial Commissioner	 showed that the respondent had applied his mind to the cases of all the detenues and since he released some of them	 it followed that in regard to the rest he was satisfied that their detention should be continued. The Judicial Commissioner was apparently inclined to take the view that the relevant Rule did not seem clearly to require that the decision reached by the appropriate authority under R. 30A(8) should be reduced to writing	 but he thought it unnecessary to make a definite finding 300 on this issue	 because he was satisfied that in the case of Biren Dutta	 the decision in question had been reduced to writing. The argument that R. 30A(8) requires that the said decision should be communicated to the detenu was rejected by the learned Judicial Commissioner. It is on these findings that he rejected the petition filed by Biren Dutta and 11 other detenues and held that the continuance of their detention was justified in law. When these matters were argued before this Court on the 6th May	 1964	 an interim order was passed directing that the Chief Secretary to the Tripura Administration should forthwith transmit to this Court the original files in respect of the detenues concerned and that the Minister	 or the Secretary or the Administrator who reviewed the cases of the detenues and had arrived at a decision that their detention should be continued	 should file an affidavit in this Court on or before the 8th June	 1964	 and that the affidavit should state all material facts and should indicate whether the decision arrived at was duly communicated to the detenues or not. Accordingly	 the original files have been produced before us and additional affidavits have been filed. The learned Solicitor General fairly conceded that he would allow Mr. Garg for the appellants an opportunity to inspect the files inasmuch as he was not going to raise any question of privilege in respect of theme. It is in the light of the minutes made on these files that the principal points raised before us now fall to be considered. Mr. Garg contends that the scheme of the Rules clearly shows that the original order of detention passed under R. 30(1)(b)	 as well as the decision to continue the detention of the detenues reached by the appropriate authority under R. 30A(8) must be recorded in writing and must comply with the provisions of article 166 of the Constitution. He also urges that R. 30A(8) further requires that the relevant decision reached by the appropriate authority must be communicated to the detenu. In support of his argument that the relevant decision under R 30A(8) must comply with article 166 and must be communicated to the detenu	 Mr. Garg has relied on the 	decision of this Court in Dattatreya Moreshwar Pangarkar 301 vs The State of Bombay(1)	 and Bachhittar Singh vs State of Punjab(1). He has also invited our attention to the observations made by Raghubar Dayal J. in section Partap vs State of Punjab(1). The learned Solicitor General has conceded that the order directing the detention of a citizen under R. 30(1) (b)	 as well as the order incorporating the decision to continue the detention under R. 30A(8) must be in writing. He	 however	 challenges the correctness of Mr. Garg 's contention that these orders must comply with article 166	 and he disputes his case that the decision reached under R. 30A (8) must be communicated to the detenu. In support of his case he has referred us to the decision of this Court in Mohammad Afzal Khan vs State of Jammu and Kashmir(4)	 as well as the decision of the Bombay High Court in Pralhad Krishna Kurne vs The State of Bombay(1) and that of the Allahabad High Court in Nandan Singh Bhist vs State of U.P.(6). We do not think it necessary to consider the question as to whether the orders passed under R. 30(1) (b) and the record of the decision reached under R.30A(8) should comply with article 166 of the Constitution or not. It also appears to us to be unnecessary to decide in the present group of cases whether the decision recorded under R. 30A(8) should be communicated to the detenu. We are satisfied that the decision to continue the detention of the detenues which	 it is urged on behalf of the respondent	 was reached by him under R. 30A(8)	 has not been recorded in writing as required by the said Rule; and there is no other evidence on record to show that such a decision had then been reached and reduced to writing. It will be recalled that in the present proceedings	 it is common ground between the parties that there has to be an order in writing indicating the decision of the appropriate authority reached by him after reviewing the case of the detenu that the continuance of his detention should be ordered. Rule 30A(8) provides that every detention order made by an (1) ; 	(2) [1962] SUPP. 3 S.C.R. 713 (3) ; (5) I.L.R. 1952 Bom. 134(6) A.I.R. 1964 All. 327 302 officer empowered by the Administrator and confirmed by him under clause (b) of the sub rule (6) and every detention order made by the Administrator himself shall be reviewed at intervals of not more than six months by the Administrator who shall decide upon such review whether the order should be continued or cancelled. The question which we have to decide is whether it is shown by the minutes made on the file produced before us by the respondent that he did decide that it was necessary to continue the detention of the detenues before us. The minutes made on the file are no doubt a written record of his decision	 and so	 the requirement that whatever is decided under R. 30A(8) should be reduced to writing is satisfied; but the question is do these minutes show that the cases of the detenues before us were considered and a decision to continue their detention was reached by the respondent on the relevant occasion	 and that presents a very narrow problem for our decision in relation to the construction of the said minutes. The first occasion on which the respondent claims to have reviewed the cases of the detenues before us was on the 15th February	 1963. On that date	 he made the following order: "On review of the detention order in respect of all detenus CC decided to cancel detention orders in respect of detenues at section No. 1	 3	 4	 5	 6	 7	 8	 9	 12 and 13. " It is urged by the learned Solicitor General that this order shows that the appropriate authority considered the cases of all the detenues and decided to cancel the detention of some of them	 and that	 he suggests	 should be construed to mean that he decided to continue the detention of detenues other than those whose release he ordered. There is no doubt that this order makes a reference to the review of all detenues and	 prima facie	 it would be open to the Solicitor General to contend that this part of the order shows that the cases of all the 68 detenues must have been considered by the appropriate authority. In this connection. we would like to emphasise the fact that in exercising its power under 303 R. 30A(8)	 the appropriate ' authority should record its decision clearly and unambiguously. After all	 the liberty of the citizen is in question and if the detention of the detenue is intended to be continued as a result of the decision reached by the appropriate authority	 it should say so in clear and unambiguous terms. But assuming that an 	order passed by the appropriate authority under R. 30A(8) can in a proper case be construed to mean his implied decision to continue the detention of some detenues	 while releasing some others	 we find it difficult to hold that such an implied decision can be inferred from the present order. It is relevant to remember that this order was passed on the 15th February	 1963	 and the six months ' period within which review had to be made under R. 30A(8) would have expired on the 25th June	 1963. It is quite likely that even before the six months period expired	 the authority considered the matter and came to the conclusion that any further detention of the detenues specified in the order was not justified	 and so	 even before the	 six months ' period expired	 he directed that they should be released. That undoubtedly shows that the authority was considering the question very carefully and as soon as he felt satisfied that further detention of the said detenues would be unnecessary	 he ordered their release forthwith; but this very consideration suggests that he may have considered the cases of only such detenues as should be released forthwith. Besides	 there is nothing to show that after the 15th February	 1963	 and before the 25th June	 1963	 he considered the matter in respect of the detenues before us and held that the continuance of their detention was justified after the expiration of six months. It is necessary to emphasise that the decision recorded under R. 30A(8) is in the nature of an independent decision which authorises the further detention of the detenu for a period of six months. In other words	 the initial order of detention is valid for six months and the detention of the detenu thereafter can be justified only if a decision is recorded under R. 30A(8). That being the nature of the decision which is required to be recorded under R. 30A(8)	 we are unable to hold that the memorandum in question can be reasonably said to include a decision that the continuance of the detention of the 304 detenues before us was thought to be necessary by the appro priate authority after the expiry of the period of six months. It is true that in the additional affidavit filed by the respondent it has been stated as a submission by him that as a result of the said review (15/2/63) the detention of Biren Dutta as well as others whose detention orders were not cancelled	 continued. " This undoubtedly is a matter of argument; it being the respondent 's contention that since the order detaining some detenues was cancelled	 logically it follows that the detention of the others was ordered to continue. But even assuming that the respondent had stated in his additional affidavit clearly and unambiguously that he had decided on the 15th February	 1963	 that the detention of the detenues before us should be continued	 we would not have attached much significance to such a state ment	 because what we have to consider is the order passed on the 15th February	 1963	 and not what the authority making the order thought it meant or intended it to mean; and so	 it comes back to the question of the construction of the order itself. We have carefully considered the argu ments urged before us by the Solicitor General	 but we are unable to hold that this order can be said to satisfy the requirements of R. 30A(8) at all. We are satisfied that this order cannot be construed to contain a written record of the decision of the respondent that the detention of the detenues before us should be continued after the expiry of six months from the date of the original order of detention. Then as to the next order passed on the 3rd July	 1963	 the position is still worse. It appears that on the 15th May	 1963	 the Superintendent of Police	 Tripura recommended that some of the detenues should be released	 because he thought there was no longer any justification for their continued detention. This matter was discussed between the Superintendent of Police and the Chief Secretary on the 6th June	 1963	 and eventually as a result of the conference held between the Chief Minister and the Chief Commissioner an order was passed on the 3rd July	 1963. This order shows that the cases of the persons whose release had been recommended by the Superintendent of Police were considered. These detenues were 25 in 305 number. During the course of the discussion between the Chief Minister and the Chief Commissioner	 the Chief Minister appears to have suggested that instead of releasing all the aforesaid 25 detenues together it would be better if they were released in batches	 but ultimately	 the order passed by the Chief Minister which was assented to by the Chief Commissioner was that all of them may be released at the same time on the 6th July	 1963. In other words	 reading the letter written by the Superintendent of Police to the Chief Commissioner on the 15th May	 1963	 and the record of the discussion that took place between the Chief Secretary	 the Chief Minister and the Chief Commissioner on the 3rd July	 1963	 it is clear that the only cases which the authorities considered were the cases of 25 detenues whose release had been recommended by the Superintendent of Police. It is common ground that the detenues before us were not included in the said list of 25 detenues	 and so	 there is no scope for suggesting that at this time the cases of the detenues other than those who were released were concerned. That being so	 we must hold that like the earlier order passed on the 15th February	 1963	 the order passed on the 3rd July	 1963	 is also of no assistance to the respondent	 because neither order can be reasonably construed as containing a decision of the appropriate authority reached under R. 30A(8) to continue the detention of the detenues before us. This conclusion necessarily means that the requirement of R. 30A(8) has not been complied with and that inevitably makes the continuance of the detention of the detenues before invalid in law. The fact that those cases were reviewed subsequently on the 25th September	 1963 and 11th March. 1964	 and the decision of the authority was in fact communicated to them would not validate the illegal continuance of the detention of the detenues after six months had expired from the date of their original detention. We have already indicated that we do not propose to consider in these proceedings the two other points of law urged by Mr. Garg but before we part with these matters	 we would like to emphasise that even assuming that the decision recorded by the appropriate authority under 51 S.C.20. 306 R. 30A(8) is not	 as a matter of law	 required to be com municated to the detenu	 it is desirable and it would be fair and just that such a decision should in every case be communicated to the detenu. If the appropriate authority considers the question about the continuance of the deten tion of a particular detenu and decides that such continu ance is justified	 we see no justification for failing to communicate the said decision to the detenu concerned. If the requirement as to such communication were held to be necessary as a matter of law	 non communication would render the continuance of the detention invalid; but that is a matter which we are not deciding in these cases. We are only emphasising the fact that it would be fair that such a decision should be communicated to the detenu. In the result	 the appeals and writ petitions are allowed and the detenues concerned ordered to be set at liberty at once. Appeals and Writ Petitions allowed.

The Administrator of the Union Territory of Tripura passed orders detaining 68 persons	 including the appellants and the petitioners	 under R. 30(1)(b) of the Defence of India Rules	 1962. While gradually releasing 45 of them he purported to detain the appellants and the petitioners under R. 30A(8) of the said Rules. The appellants moved the Judicial Commissioner under article 226 of the Constitution and their case was that the decision to continue them in detention was not recorded in writing nor was it communicated to them and was	 therefore	 invalid in law. The Judicial Commissioner dismissed the said applications. The petitioners moved this Court under article 32 of the Constitution and their case was also the same. The first review held on February 15	 1963	 in respect of all the 68 detenus was recorded as follows	 "On review of the detention order in respect of all the detenus CC. decided to cancel orders in respect of detenus at section Nos. 1	 3	 4	 5	 6	 7	 8	 9	 12 and 13. " It was urged on behalf of the respondent that the order by implication continued the detention of the appellants and the petitioners and such detention was confirmed by subsequent orders. Held: (i) The order did not comply with the provisions of R. 30A(8) of the Defence of India Rules and the detenus before this Court must be set at liberty. Decision to continue a detenu in detention must not only be recorded in writing but such writing must clearly and unambiguously indicate that decision. Subsequent reviews under the Rule could not validate the illegal continuance of the detention after the expiry of six months from the date of the original order of detention. Decision recorded under R. 30A(8) is in the nature of an independent decision and further detention can be justified only if the decision is recorded as required by it. 296 Even assuming that an order passed under R. 30A(8) could in a proper case imply the decision to continue the detention of some of the detenus	 the present case could not be said to be one such. (ii) Assuming	 though not deciding	 that a decision recorded under R. 30A(8) of the Rules was not in law required to be communicated to the detenue	 it was just and proper that the decision should in every case be communicated to the detenu.