Summarize the following court judgment. vil Appeal Nos. 3187 and 3188 of 1988. From the Judgment and Order dated 4.4.1988 of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in CR No. 26 of 1988. Anil B. Dewan	 J.B. Dadachanji	 Mrs. A.K. Verma for the appellant. K. Parasaran	 A. Mariarputham	 Miss A. Subhashini and C.L. Sahu for the Respondents. 131 The following Order of the Court was delivered: ORDER The Bhopal Gas Leak tragedy that occurred at midnight on 2nd December	 1984	 by the escape of deadly chemical fumes from the appellant 's pesticide factory was a horrendous industrial mass disaster	 unparalleled in its magnitude and devastation and remains a ghastly monument to the de huma nising influence of inherently dangerous technologies. The tragedy took an immediate toll of 2	660 innocent human lives and left tens of thousands of innocent citizens of Bhopal physically impaired or affected in various degrees. What added grim poignance to the tragedy was that the industrial enterprise was using Methyl Iso cyanate	 a lethal toxic poison	 whose potentiality for destruction of life and biotic communities was	 apparently	 matched only by the lack of a pre package of relief procedures for management of any accident based on adequate scientific knowledge as to the ameliorative medical procedures for immediate neutralisation of its effects. It is unnecessary for the present purpose to refer	 in any detail	 to the somewhat meandering course of the legal proceedings for the recovery of compensation initiated against the multi national company initially in the Courts in the United States of America and later in the District Court at Bhopal in Suit No. 113 of 1986. It would suffice to refer to the order dated 4 April	 1988 of the High Court of Madhya Pradesh which	 in modification of the interlocutory order dated 17 December	 1987 made by the learned District Judge	 granted an interim compensation of Rs.250 crores. Both the Union of India and the Union Carbide Corporation appealed against that order. This Court by its order dated 14 February	 1989 made in those appeals directed that there be an overall settlement of the claims in the suit	 for 470 million US dollars and termination of all civil and criminal proceedings. The opening words of the order said: "Having given our careful considera tion for these several days to the facts and circumstances of the case placed before us by the parties in these proceedings	 including the pleadings of the parties	 the mass of data placed before us	 the material relating to the proceedings in the Courts in the United States of America	 the offers and counter offers made between the parties at different stages 132 during the various proceedings	 as well as the complex issues of law and fact raised before us and the submission made thereon	 and in particular the enormity of human suffering occasioned by the Bhopal Gas disaster and the pressing urgency to provide immediate and substantial relief to victims of the disaster	 we are of opinion that the case is pre emi nently fit for an overall settlement between the parties covering all litigations	 claims	 rights and liabilities related to and arising out of the disaster . . " (Emphasis Supplied) It appears to us that the reasons that persuaded this Court to make the order for settlement should be set out	 so that those who have sought a review might be able effec tively to assist the Court in satisfactorily dealing with the prayer for a review. The statement of the reasons is not made with any sense of finality as to the infallibility of the decision; but with an open mind to be able to appreciate any tenable and compelling legal or factual infirmities that may be brought out	 calling for remedy in Review under Arti cle 137 of the Constitution. The points on which we propose to set out brief reasons are the following: (a) How did this Court arrive at the sum of 470 million US dollars for an over all settle ment? (b) Why did the Court consider this sum of 470 million US dollars as 'just	 equitable and reasonable '? (c) Why did the Court not pronounce on certain important legal questions of far reaching importance said to arise in the appeals as to the principles of liability of monolithic	 economically entrenched multi national compa nies operating with inherently dangerous technologies in the developing countries of the third world questions said to be of great contemporary relevance to the democracies of the third world? There is yet another aspect of the Review pertaining to the part of the settlement which terminated the criminal proceedings. The questions raised on the point in the Re view petitions	 prima facie	 merit consideration and we should	 therefore	 abstain from saying anything which might tend to pre judge this issue one way or the other. 133 The basic consideration motivating the conclusion of the settlement was the compelling need for urgent relief. The suffering of the victims has been intense and unrelieved. Thousands of persons who pursued their own occupations for an humble and honest living have been rendered destitute by this ghastly disaster. Even after four years of litigation	 basic questions of the fundamentals of the law as to liabil ity of the Union Carbide Corporation and the quantum of damages are yet being debated. These	 of course	 are impor tant issues which need to be decided. But	 when thousands of innocent citizens were in near destitute conditions	 without adequate subsistential needs of food and medicine and with every coming morrow haunted by the spectre of death and continued agony	 it would be heartless abstention	 if the possibilities of immediate sources of relief were not ex plored. Considerations of excellence and niceties of legal principles were greatly over shadowed by the pressing prob lems of very survival for a large number of victims. The Law 's delays are	 indeed	 proverbial. It has been the unfortunate bane of the judicial process that even ordinary cases	 where evidence consists of a few documents and the oral testimony of a few witnesses	 require some years to realise the fruits of litigation. This is so even in cases of great and unquestionable urgency such as fatal accident actions brought by the dependents. These are hard realities. The present case is one where damages are sought on behalf of the victims of a mass disaster and	 having regard to the complexities and the legal questions involved	 any person with an unbiased vision would not miss the time consuming prospect for the course of the litigation in its sojourn through the various courts	 both in India and later in United States. It is indeed a matter for national introspection that public response to this great tragedy which affected a large number of poor and helpless persons limited itself to the expression of understandable anger against the industrial enterprise but did not channel itself in any effort to put together a public supported relief fund so that the victims were not left in distress	 till the final decision in the litigation. It is well known that during the recent drought in Gujarat	 the devoted efforts of public spirited persons mitigated	 in great measure	 the loss of cattle wealth in the near famine conditions that prevailed. This Court	 considered it a compelling duty	 both judi cial and humane	 to secure immediate relief to the victims. In doing so	 the Court did not enter upon any forbidden ground. Indeed	 efforts had 134 earlier been made in this direction by Judge Keenan in the United States and by the learned District Judge at Bhopal. What this Court did was in continuation of what had already been initiated. Even at the opening of the arguments in the appeals	 the Court had suggested to learned counsel on both sides to reach a just and fair settlement. Again	 when counsel met for re scheduling of the hearings the suggestion was reiterated. The response of learned counsel on both sides was positive in attempting a settlement	 but they expressed a certain degree of uneasiness and scepticism at the prospects of success in view of their past experience of such negotiations when	 as they stated	 there had been uninformed and even irresponsible criticism of the attempts at settlement. The learned Attorney General submitted that even the most bona fide	 sincere and devoted efforts at settlement were likely to come in for motivated criticism. The Court asked learned counsel to make available the particulars of offers and counter offers made on previous occasions for a mutual settlement. Learned counsel for both parties furnished particulars of the earlier offers made for an overall settlement and what had been considered as a reasonable basis in that behalf. The progress made by previ ous negotiations was graphically indicated and these docu ments form part of the record. Shri Nariman stated that his client would stand by its earlier offer of Three Hundred and Fifty Million US dollars and also submitted that his client had also offered to add appropriate interest	 at the rates prevailing in the U.S.A.	 to the sum of 350 million US dollars which raised the figure to 426 million US dollars. Shri Nariman stated that his client was of the view that amount was the highest it could go upto. In regard to this offer of 426 million US dollars the learned Attorney General submitted that he could not accept this offer. He submitted that any sum less than 500 million US dollars would not be reasonable. Learned counsel for both parties stated that they would leave it to the Court to decide what should be the figure of compensation. The range of choice for the Court in regard to the figure was	 therefore	 between the maximum of 426 million US dollars offered by Shri Nariman and the minimum of 500 million US dollars suggested by the learned Attorney General. In these circumstances	 the Court examined the prima facie material as to the basis of quantification of a sum which	 having regard to all the circumstances including the prospect of delays inherent in the judicial process in India and thereafter in the matter of domestication of the decree in the United States for the purpose of execution and di rected that 470 million US dollars	 which upon immediate payment 135 and with interest over a reasonable period	 pending actual distribution amongst the claimants	 would aggregate very nearly to 500 million US dollars or its rupee equivalent of approximately Rs.750 crores which the learned Attorney General had suggested	 be made the basis of the settlement. Both the parties accepted this direction. The settlement proposals were considered on the premise that Government had the exclusive statutory authority to represent and act on behalf of the victims and neither counsel had any reservation as to this. The order was also made on the premise that the Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster (Registration and Processing of Claims) Act	 1985 was a valid law. In the event the Act is declared void in the pending proceedings challenging its validity	 the order dated 14	 February	 1989 would require to be examined in the light of that decision. We should make it clear that if any material is placed before this Court from which a reasonable inference is possible that the Union Carbide Corporation had	 at any time earlier	 offered to pay any sum higher than an out right down payment of US 470 million dollars	 this Court would straightaway initiate suo motu action requiring the con cerned parties to show cause why the order dated 14 Febru ary	 1989 should not be set aside and the parties relegated to their respective original positions. The next question is as to the basis on which this Court considered this sum to be a reasonable one. This is not independent of its quantification	 the idea of reasonable ness for the present purpose is necessarily a broad and general estimate in the context of a settlement of the dispute and not on the basis of an accurate assessment by adjudication. The question is how good or reasonable it is as a settlement	 which would avoid delays	 uncertainties and assure immediate payment. The estimate	 in the very nature of things	 cannot share the accuracy of an adjudication. Here again one of the important considerations was the range disclosed by the offers and counter offers which was between 426 million US dollars and 500 million US dollars. The Court also examined certain materials available on record includ ing the figures mentioned in the pleadings	 the estimate made by the High Court and also certain figures referred to in the course of the arguments. There are a large number of claims under the Act. In the very nature of the situation	 doubts that a sizeable number of them are either without any just basis or were otherwise exaggerated could not 136 be ruled out. It was	 therefore	 thought not unreasonable to proceed on some prima facie undisputed figures of cases of death and of substantially compensatable personal injuries. The particulars of the number of persons treated at the hospitals was an important indicator in that behalf. This Court had no reason to doubt the bona fides of the figures furnished by the plaintiff itself in the pleadings as to the number of persons suffering serious injuries. From the order of the High Court and the admitted posi tion on the plaintiff 's own side	 a reasonable	 prima facie	 estimate of the number of fatal cases and serious personal injury cases	 was possible to be made. The High Court said: " . . In the circumstances	 leaving a small margin for the possibility of some of the claims relating to death and personal injuries made by the multitude of claims before the Director of Claims of the State Government being spurious	 there is no reason to doubt that the figure furnished by the plaintiff Union of India in its amended plaint can be safely accepted for the purpose of granting the relief ' of interim payment of damages. It has been stated by the plaintiff Union of India that a total number of 2660 persons suffered agonising and excruciating deaths and between 30	000 to 40	000 sustained serious injuries as a result of the disas ter . . " (Emphasis supplied) There is no scope for any doubt that the cases referred to as those of 'Serious injuries ' include both types of cases of permanent total and partial disabilities of various degrees as also cases of temporary total or partial disabil ities of different degrees. The High Court relied upon the averments and claims in the amended pleadings of the plain tiff	 the Union of India	 to reach this prima facie finding. Then	 in assessing the quantum of interim compensation the High Court did not adopt the standards of compensation usually awarded in fatal accidents actions or personal injury actions arising under the Motor Vehicles Act. It is well known that in fatal accidentactions where children are concerned	 the compensation awardable is in conventional sums ranging from Rs.15	000 to Rs.30	000 in each case. In the present case a large number of deaths was of children of very young age. Even in the case of adults	 according to the general run of damages in comparable cases	 the damages assessed on the 137 usual multiplier method in the case of income groups com parable to those of the deceased persons	 would be anywhere between Rs.80	000 and Rs. 1	00	000. But the High Court discarded	 and rightly	 these ordi nary standards which	 if applied	 would have limited the aggregate of compensation payable in fatal cases to a sum less than Rs.20 crores in all. The High Court thought it should adopt the broader principle in M.C. Mehta vs Union of India	 AIR 1987 SC 1086. Stressing the need to apply such a higher standard	 the High Court said: "As mentioned earlier	 the measure of damages payable by the alleged tort teaser as per the nature of tort involved in the suit has to be correlated to the magnitude and the capacity of the enterprises because such compensation must have a deterrent effect . . (Emphasis supplied) Applying these higher standards of compensa tion	 the High Court proceeded to assess damage in the following manner: "Bearing in mind	 the above factors	 in the opinion of this Court	 it would not be unrea sonable to assume that if the suit proceeded to trial the plaintiff Union of India would obtain judgment in respect of the claims relating to deaths and personal injuries at least in the following amounts: (a) Rs.2 lakhs in each case of death: (b) Rs.2 lakhs in each case of total permanent disability; (c) Rs.1 lakh in each case of permanent partial disa blement and (d) Rs.50	000 in each case of temporary partial disablement." (Emphasis supplied) Half of these amounts were awarded as interim compensation. An amount of Rs.250 crores was awarded. The figures adopted by the High Court in regard to the number of fatal cases and cases of serious personal injuries do not appear to have been disputed by anybody before the High Court. These data and estimates of the High Court had a particular significance in the settlement. Then again	 it was not disputed before us that the total number of fatal cases was about 3000 and of grievous and serious personal injuries	 as verifiable from the records of the hospitals of cases treated 138 at Bhopal	 was in the neighbourhood of 30	000. It would not be unreasonable to expect that persons suffering serious and substantially compensable injuries would have gone to hospi tals for treatment. It would also appear that within about 8 months of the occurrence	 a survey had been conducted for purposes of identification of cases of death and grievous and serious injuries for purposes of distribution of certain ex gratia payments sanctioned by Government. These figures were	 it would appear	 less than ten thousand. In these circumstances	 as a rough and ready estimate	 this Court took into consideration the prima facie findings of the High Court and estimated the number of fatal cases at 3000 where compensation could range from Rs.l lakh to Rs.3 lakhs. This would account for Rs.70 crores	 nearly 3 times higher than what would	 otherwise	 be awarded in comparable casses in motor vehicles accident claims. Death has an inexorable finality about it. Human lives that have been lost were precious and in that sense price less and invaluable. But the law can compensate the estate of a person whose life is lost by the wrongful act of anoth er only in the way of the law is equipped to compensate i.e. by monetary compensations calculated on certain well recog nised principles. "Loss to the estate" which is the entitle ment of the estate and the 'loss of dependancy ' estimated on the basis of capitalised present value awardable to the heirs and dependants	 are the main components in the compu tation of compensation in fatal accident actions. But	 the High Court in estimating the value of compensation had adopted a higher basis. So far as personal injury cases are concerned	 about 30	000 was estimated as cases of permanent total or partial disability. Compensation ranging from Rs.2 lakhs to Rs.50	000 per individual according as the disability is total or partial and degrees of the latter was envisaged. This alone would account for Rs.250 crores. In another 20	000 cases of temporary total or partial disability com pensation ranging from Rs. 1 lakh down to Rs.25	000 depend ing on the nature and extent of the injuries and extent and degree of the temporary incapacitation accounting for a further allocation of Rs. 100 crores	 was envisaged. Again	 there might be possibility of injuries of utmost severity in which case even Rs.4 lakhs per individual might have to be considered. Rs.80 crores	 additionally for about 2000 of such cases were envisaged. A sum of Rs.500 crores approxi mately was thought of as allocable to the fatal cases and 42	000 cases of such serious personal injuries leaving behind in their trail total or partial incapacitation either of permanent or temporary character. 139 It was considered that some outlays would have to be made for specialised institutional medical treatment for cases requiring such expert medical attention and for reha bilitation and after care. Rs.25 crores for the creation of such facilities was envisaged. That would leave another Rs.225 crores. It is true that in assessing the interim compensation the High Court had taken into account only the cases of injuries resulting in permanent or temporary disabilities total or partial and had not adverted to the large number of other claims	 said to run into lakhs	 filed by other claimants. Such cases of claims do not	 apparently	 pertain to serious cases of permanent or temporary disabilities but are cases of a less serious nature	 comprising claims for minor injuries	 loss of personal belongings	 loss of live stock etc. for which there was a general allocation of Rs.225 crores. If in respect of these claims allocations are made at Rs.20	000	 Rs. 15	000 and Rs. 10	000 for about 50	000 person or claims in each category accounting for about one and half lakhs more claims the sums required would be met by Rs.225 crores. Looked at from another angle	 if the corpus of Rs.750 crores along with the current market rates of interest on corporate borrowings	 of say 14% or 14 1/2 % is spent over a period of eight years it would make available Rs. 150 crores each year; or even if interest alone is taken	 about Rs. 105 to 110 crores per year could be spent	 year afteryear	 perpetually towards compensation and relief to the victims. The court also took into consideration the general run of damages in comparable accident claim cases and in cases under workmens compensation laws. The broad allocations made are higher than those awarded or awardable in such claims. These apportionments are merely broad considerations gener ally guiding the idea of reasonableness of the overall basis of settlement. This exercise is not a predetermination of the quantum of compensation amongst the claimants either individually or category wise. No individual claimant shall be entitled to claim a particular quantum of compensation even if his case is found to fall within any of the broad categories indicated above. The determination of the actual quantum of compensation payable to the claimants has to be done by the authorities under the Act	 on the basis of the facts of each case and without reference to the hypothetical quantifications made only for purposes of an overall view of the adequacy of the amount. 140 These are the broad and general assumptions underlying the concept of 'justness ' of the determination of the quan tum. If the total number of cases of death or of permanent	 total or partial	 disabilities or of what may be called 'catastrophic ' injuries is shown to be so large that the basic assumptions underlying the settlement become wholly unrelated to the realities	 the element of 'justness ' of the determination and of the 'truth ' of its factual foundation would seriously be impaired. The 'justness ' of the settle ment is based on these assumptions of truth. Indeed	 there might be different opinions on the interpretation of laws or on questions of policy or even on what may be considered wise or unwise; but when one speaks of justice and truth	 these words mean the same thing to all men whose judgment is uncommitted. Of Truth and Justice	 Anatole France said: "Truth passes within herself a penetrating force unknown alike to error and falsehood. I say truth and you must understand my meaning. For the beautiful words Truth and Justice need not be defined in order to be understood in their true sense. They bear within them a shining beauty and a heavenly light. I firmly believe in the triumph of truth and justice. That is what upholds me in times of trial . " As to the remaining question	 it has been said that many vital juristic principles of great contemporary relevance to the Third World generally	 and to India in particular	 touching problems emerging from the pursuit of such danger ous technologies for economic gains by multi nationals arose in this case. It is said that this is an instance of lost opportunity to this apex Court to give the law the new direction on vital issues emerging from the increasing dimensions of the economic exploitation of developing coun tries by economic forces of the rich ones. This case also	 it is said	 concerns the legal limits to be envisaged	 in the vital interests of the protection of the constitutional rights of the citizenry	 and of the environment	 on the permissibility of such ultra hazardous technologies and to prescribe absolute and deterrent standards of liability if harm is caused by such enterprises. The prospect of exploi tation of cheap labour and of captive markets	 it is said	 induces multi nationals to enter into the developing coun tries for such economic exploitation and that this was eminently an appropriate case for a careful assessment of the legal and Constitutional safeguards stemming from these vital issues of great contemporary relevance. These issues and certain cognate areas of even wider signif icance 141 and the limits of the adjudicative disposition of some of their aspects are indeed questions of seminal importance. The culture of modern industrial technologies	 which is sustained on processes of such pernicious potentialities	 in the ultimate analysis	 has thrown open vital and fundamental issues of technology options. Associated problems of the adequacy of legal protection against such exploitative and hazardous industrial adventurism	 and whether the citizens of the country are assured the protection of a legal system which could be said to be adequate in a comprehensive sense in such contexts arise. These	 indeed	 are issues of vital importance and this tragedy	 and the conditions that enabled it happen	 are of particular concern. The chemical pesticide industry is a concomitant	 and indeed	 an integral part	 of the Technology of Chemical Farming. Some experts think that it is time to return from the high risk	 resource intensive	 high input	 anti ecologi cal	 monopolistic 'hard ' technology which feeds	 and is fed on	 its self assertive attribute	 to a more human and hu mane	 flexible	 eco conformable	 "soft" technology with its systemic wisdom and opportunities for human creativity and initiative. "Wisdom demands" says Schumacher" a new orienta tion of science and technology towards the organic	 the gentle	 the non violent	 the elegant and beautiful". The other view stressing the spectacular success of agricultural production in the new era of chemical farming	 with high yielding strains	 points to the break through achieved by the Green Revolution with its effective response to	 and successful management of	 the great challenges of feeding the millions. This technology in agriculture has given a big impetus to enterprises of chemical fertilizers and pesti cides. This	 say its critics	 has brought in its trail its own serious problems. The technology options before scien tists and planners have been difficult. Indeed	 there is also need to evolve a national policy to protect national interests from such ultra hazardous pursuits of economic gains. Jurists	 technologists and other experts in Economics	 environmentology	 futurology	 sociolo gy and public health etc. should identify areas of common concern and help in evolving proper criteria which may receive judicial recognition and legal sanction. One aspect of this matter was dealt with by this Court in M.C. Mehta vs Union of India	 (supra) which marked a significant stage in the development of the law. But	 at the hearing there was more than a mere hint in the submissions of the Union Carbide that in this case the law was altered with only the Union Carbide Corporation in mind	 and 142 was altered to its disadvantage even before the case had reached this Court. The criticism of the Mehta principle	 perhaps	 ignores the emerging postulates of tortious liabil ity whose principal focus is the social limits on economic adventurism. There are certain things that a civilised society simply cannot permit to be done to its members	 even if they are compensated for their resulting losses. We may note a passage in "Theories of Compensation	 R.E. Goodin: Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, It would	 however	 be wrong to presume that we as a society can do anything we like to people	 just so long as we compensate them for their losses. Such a proposition would mistake part of the policy universe for the whole. The set of policies to which it points policies that are 'permissible ' but only with compensa tion ' is bounded on the one side by a set of policies that are 'permissible	 even without compensation ' and on the other side by a set of policies that are 'impermissible	 even with compensation '. " But	 in the present case	 the compulsions of the need for immediate relief to tens of thousands of suffering victims could not	 in our opinion	 wait till these ques tions	 vital though they be	 are resolved in the due course of judicial proceedings. The tremendous suffering of thou sands of persons compelled us to move into the direction of immediate relief which	 we thought	 should not be subordi nated to the uncertain promises of the law	 and when the assessment of fairness of the amount was based on certain factors and assumptions not disputed even by the plaintiff. A few words in conclusion. A settlement has been record ed upon material and in circumstances which persuaded the Court that it was a just settlement. This is not to say that this Court will shut out any important material and compel ling circumstances which might impose the duty on it to exercise the powers of review. Like all other human institu tions	 this court is human and fallible. What appears to the court to be just and reasonable in that particular context and setting	 need not necessarily appear to others in the same way. Which view is right	in the ultimate analysis	 is to be judged by what it does to relieve the undeserved suffering of thousands of innocent citizens of this country. As a learned author said: Wallace Mendelson: Supreme Court Statecraft The Rule of Law and Men. "In this imperfect legal setting we expect judges to clear 143 their endless dockets	 uphold the Rule of Law	 'and yet not utterly disregard our need for the discretionary justice of Plato 's philoso pher king. Judges must be sometimes cautious and sometimes bold. Judges must respect both the traditions of the past and the convenience of the present. . " But the course of the decisions of courts cannot be reached or altered or determined by agitational pressures. If a decision is wrong	 the process of correction must be in a manner recognised by law. Here	 many persons and social action groups claim to speak for the victims	 quite a few in different voices. The factual allegations on which they rest their approach are conflicting in some areas and it becomes difficult to distinguish truth from false hood and half truth	 and to distinguish as to who speaks for whom. However	 all of those who invoke the corrective process es in accordance with law shall be heard and the court will do what the law and the course of justice requires. The matter concerns the interests of a large number of victims of a mass disaster. The Court directed the settlement with the earnest hope that it would do them good and bring them immediate relief	 for	 tomorrow might be too late for many of them. But the case equally concerns the credibility of	 and the public confidence in	 the judicial process. If	 owing to the pre settlement procedures being limited to the main contestants in the appeal	 the benefit of some contrary or supplemental information or material	 having a crucial bearing on the fundamental assumptions basic to the settle ment	 have been denied to the Court and that	 as a result	 serious miscarriage of justice	 violating the constitutional and legal rights of the persons affected	 has been occa sioned	 it will be the endeavour of this Court to undo any such injustice. But that	 we reiterate	 must be by proce dures recognised by law. Those who trust this Court will not have cause for despair.

The Bhopal Gas Leak Tragedy that occurred at midnight of 2nd December	 1984	 by the escape of deadly chemical fumes from the appellant 's factory was a great industrial disaster and it took an immediate toil of 2600 human lives and left tens of thousands of innocent citizens of Bhopal physically affected in various ways. As per the figures furnished by the Union of India in its amended plaint a total number of 2	660 persons suffered agonising and excruciating deaths between 30	000 to 40	000 persons sustained serious injuries as a result of the said disaster. Legal proceedings for the recovery of compensation for the victims were initiated against the multi national compa ny first in the U.S. Courts and later in Distt. Court at Bhopal in Suit No. 113 of 1986. The present appeals concern with the order dated 4th April	 1988 passed by the Madhya Pradesh High Court whereby it modified the interlocutory order dated 17.12.1987 made by the Distt. Judge and granted interim compensation of Rs.250 crores. Both the Union of India and the Union Carbide Corporation have appealed to this Court against that order. The Court by its order dated the 14th February	 1989 made in these appeals directed that there shall be an over all settlement of the claims in the suit for 470 million U.S. Dollars and termination of all civil and criminal proceedings. On May 4	 1989 the Court pronounced its reasons for its aforesaid order dated 14.2.89thus: The Statement of the reasons is not made with any sense of finality as to the infallibility of the decision; but with an open mind to be able to appreciate any tenable and compelling legal or factual infirmities that may be brought out	 calling for remedy in review under Article 137 of the Constitution. [132C D] 129 The basic consideration motivating the conclusion of the settlement was the compelling need for urgent relief. Con siderations of excellence and niceties of legal principles were greatly over shadowed by the pressing problems of very survival for a large number of victims. [133A	 C] The instant case is one where damages are sought on behalf of the victims of a mass disaster	 and having regard to the complexities and the legal question involved	 any person with an unbiased vision would not miss the time consuming prospect for the course of the litigation in its sojourn through the various courts	 both in India and later in United States. This Court considered it a compelling duty. both judicial and humane	 to secure immediate relief to the victims. In doing so	 the Court did not enter upon any forbidden ground. What this Court did was in continua tion of what had already been initiated. [133E F	 H; 134A] The range of choice for the Court in regard to the figures was	 therefore	 between the maximum of 426 million U.S. Dollars offered by Shri Nariman and the minimum of 500 million U.S. Dollars suggested by the Attorney General. [134F G] Having regard to all the circumstances including the prospect of delays inherent in the judicial process in India and thereafter in the matter of domestication of the decree in the United States for the purpose of execution	 the Court directed that 470 million U.S. Dollars which upon immediate payment and with interest over a reasonable period	 pending actual distribution amongst the claimants	 would aggregate very nearly to 500 million U.S. Dollars or its rupee equiva lent of approximately Rs.750 crores which the Attorney General had suggested. be made the basis of the Settlement. [134G H; 135A B] The Settlement proposals were considered on the premises that the Government had the exclusive statutory authority to represent and act on behalf of the victims and neither counsel had any reservation as to this. The order was also made on the premises that the Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster (Registration and Processing of Claims) Act 1985 was a valid law. [135B C] There might be different opinions on the interpretation of laws or on questions of policy or even on what may be considered wise or unwise; but when one speaks of justice and truth	 these words mean the same thing to all men whose judgment is uncommitted. [140B C] The compulsions of the need for immediate relief to tens of 130 thousands of suffering victims could not wait till these questions	 vital though they be	 are resolved in due course of judicial proceedings. [142D E] A settlement has been recorded upon material and in circumstances which persuaded the Court that it was a just settlement. This is not to say that this Court will shut out any important material and any compelling circumstances which might impose a duty on it to exercise the powers of review. Like all other human institutions	 this Court is human and fallible. What appears to the Court to be just and reasonable in that particular context and setting	 need not necessarily appear to others in the same day. Which view is right	 in the ultimate analysis	 is to be judged by what it does to relieve the undeserved suffering of thousands of innocent citizens of this country. [142F G] Decisions of courts cannot be reacted or altered or determined by agitational pressures. If a decision is wrong	 the process of correction must be in a manner recognised by law. All of those who invoke the corrective processes in accordance with law shall be heard and the court will do what the law and the course of justice requires. The matter concerns the interests of a large number of victims of a mass disaster. The Court directed the settlement with the earnest hope that it would do hem good and bring them imme diate relief	 for	 tomorrow might be too ate for many of them. But the case equally concerns the credibility of	 and the public confidence in	 the judicial process. [143B	 D E] Those who trust this Court will not have cause for despair. [143F] M.C. Mehta vs Union of India	 AIR 1987 SC 1(186; Theo ries of Compensation	 R.E. Goodin: Oxford journal of Legal Studies	 1989 p.57 and Wallace Mendelson. Supreme Court Statecraft The Rule of Law and men	 referred to.