Summarize the following court judgment. ivil Appeal Nos. 1186 to 201 of 1975. Appeals by Special Leave from the Judgment and orders dated the 11th November	 1974	 6th December	 1974 and 27th November	 1974 of the Allahabad High Court in Civil Misc. Writ Nos. 4139	 5354	 5352 5353	 5355 5357	 4065	 4912	 4326	 4212	 4218	 4545	 4328	 4543 and 4769 of 1972 respectively. 804 G. section Pathak (In CA 1186/75)	 section Swarup Shri Narain for the appellants (In CAs. Nos.1186	 1194 1195 and 1196 1197/75). V. Gupte	 R. N. Bhalgotra and S.S. Khanduja for the appellants (In CA No. 1187/75). section section Khanduja for the appellants (In CAs. 1188 1192 of 1975) . V. J. Francis of M/s Ramamurthy & Co. for the appellants (In CA No. 1193/75). Yogeshwar Prasad and Miss Rani Arora for the appellants (In CA No. 1198/75) and (1199/75). N. N. Goswamy and Arvind Minocha for the appellant (In CA No. 1201/75). The Judgment of the Court was delivered by KRISHNA IYER	 J. We should have made short shift of this batch of appeals on the brief but fatal ground that the appellants all sugar millers who had over priced this essential consumer article and had failed in their challenge of the controlled price had no moral nor legal claim to keep the huge sums which the High Court had right to directed them to disgorge. When the price of 'levy sugar ' was pegged down by the State	 these factory owners rushed to the Court impeaching the validity of the control and secured a stay of operation of the order. Under cover of the Court 's stay order which was granted	 on bank guarantee for the excess price being furnished to the court	 the appellants sold sugar at free market rates	 a euphemism for blackmarket racket unfortunately	 with judicial sanction. Crores of rupees were admittedly funnelled into the millers ' tills. But	 eventually	 the High Court upheld the control of price and the unhappy obligation to restore the unjust enrichment arose. The High Court	 whose process kept the control price in cold storage	 had to do justice by the community of consumers who were the unwitting victims of this judicially declared holiday from control which was quickly converted into a fleece as you please seller situation. And so the Court made the following direction: "We	 therefore	 direct that the Registrar will take immediate steps to encash the security and recover the amount so over charged by the petitioners and pay the same to the State Government which will keep it in a separate account. The petitioners will furnish to the State Government	 within a period of six weeks of this order	 a list of all such persons to whom they sold the levy sugar of 1971 72 season	 together with their addresses	 quantity of such sugar sold to and the amount of excess price charged from each of them. The State Government will then refund to the persons concerned the excess amount realised from each of them	 if necessary	 after verifying the claim for refund of such amount made by such persons. " 805 The reluctant millers have sought and got leave to appeal against this just direction and in the course of arguments have made some suggestions about the disposal of the moneys. The inarticulate assumption was	 presumably	 that crores of rupees could remain with them until a suitable schemes for percolation of the excess prices to the ultimate small buyer could be fashioned. Indeed	 at some stage	 a hesitant proposal was made that since the sugar industry has allegedly had lean years	 these considerable sums 'picked ' from the pockets of a considerable number of consumers had better be allowed to be retained by the millers. Another diffident hint was made that these several crores of rupees be used for stablising the sugar cane growers ' economic position. The easy to see through design behind these 'developmental ' ideas was to have use of this large windfall till some distant project was evolved. Indubitably	 the appellants are in unrighteous enjoyment of colossal sums which belong to small consumers. Not amount more can the millers keep what the Court has ordered the Registrar to collect by enforcing the bank guarantees. Indeed	 they have had dubious business use of these vast sums for a few years nearly a year	 soon after the High Court 's final judgment. Once we disenchanted them	 as arguments proceeded	 that the conscience of the Court would unconditionally compel the money to be called in forthwith	 their interest in making fertile pro bono public.co suggestions as to how best to organise the disbursement of the small sums to the actual buyers flagged and	 later in the day	 Shri Dadachanji	 Advocate on record in these cases	 even moved that if leave had not been formally granted	 the special leave petitions be allowed to be withdrawn and if leave had been already granted	 Court fee exemption for these many appeals may be directed. This shows up the public concern of these sugar manufacturers. Anyway	 the Registrar of the High Court shall take immediate steps to encash the security furnished by the appellants. The money of the many little men gotten by the few millers by selling an essential commodity to the community at what is frankly black market price under the umbrella of Court order of stay shall get back to the scattered crowd of a small consumers as early and as inexpensively as possible. A public injury perpetrated by calling in aid Court process must quicken judicial conscience to improvise an ad hoc procedure to restore through the Court 's authority what has been nibbled from the numerous buyers. Innovative realism is obligated on the Court on the broad basis actus curiae neminem gravabit. Why did the buyers pay higher prices for levy sugar ? Because	 they respected the High Court 's order. In this justice situation conventional procedures of each small claimant being left to litigate for his little sum from the miller or wholesaler is to write off the remedy and allow the ill gotten wealth to be in the coffers of the wrong doer (who got the charter to charge high	 from a Court order). Nor is the seemingly sweet suggestion	 that a representative action under order 1. r. 8 C.P.C.	 be instituted on be half of the class of consumers	 feasible. Who is to start? Against whom ? How is he to meet the huge litigative costs and how long (O	 Lord	 how long!) is he to wait with long drawn out trial procedures appeal	 second appeal	 special appeal" and Supreme Court appeal ? For	 on the other side is the miller with the millions to be coughed up 806 The handling of small claims is probably the most deplorable feature of the administration of civil justice and yet small claims are in many respects more significant than large ones	 involving large numbers and inter class disputes. If the confidence of the community in the justice system	 especially consumer protection	 is to be created	 radical reform of the processual law is needed now and here. Rejecting	 therefore	 the recommendations for solution of the problem arising here. as put forward by counsel for the appellants	 we have to devise other measures. We are aware of our limitations . "The judge" even when he is free	 is still not wholly free. He is not to innovate at pleasure. He is not a knight errant roaming at will in pursuit of his own ideal of beauty or of goodness. He is to draw his inspiration from consecrated principles. He is not to yield to spasmodic santiment	 to value and unregulated benevolence. He is to exercise a discretion informed by tradition	 methodized by analogy	 disciplined by system	 and subordinated to 'the primordial necessity of order in social life. ' Wide enough in all conscience is the field of discretion that remains. " (1) The difficulty we face here cannot force us to abandon the inherent powers of the Court to do. "The inherent power has its roots in necessity and its breadth is co extensive with the necessity".(2) Certainly	 we cannot go against any statutory prescription. Had India had a developed system of class actions or popular organisation taking up public interest litigation	 we could have hoped for relief otherwise than by this Court 's order. We lag in this regard" although people are poor and claims are individually trivial. Legal aid lo the poor has a processual dimension As things stand	 if each victim were remitted to an individual suit the remedy could be illusory	 for the individual loss may be too small	 a suit too prohibitive in time and money and the wrong would go without redress. If there is to be relief	 we must construct it here by simple legal engineering. The Solicitor General appearing for the State of U.P. and the Union of India	 informed us that legislation was about to be enacted to take care of these situations. If it did come	 it were welcome. After all	 the Legislature must show better legal concern for the small marl	 as this class of consumers who are wronged or deceived are on the increase In the present case	 we think that the following complex of directions will pragmatically meet the needs both of the appellants and the range of buyers from whom higher prices were charged : A. The security by way of bank guarantee furnished by every appellant will be encashed by the Registrar. Of the High Court and kept in short term deposit in the State Bank of India r (1) Benjamin Cardozo 's 'The Nature of the Judicial Process ' Yale university Press (1921) (2) Theoretical Basis Inherent Powers Doctrine Text material prepared by Jim R. Carrigan Publication of National College of The state Judiciary	 U.S.A. 807 B. The appellants will be given complete immunity from liability to any sugar buyer	 wholesaler or other" to whom sugar has been sold by the appellants at higher prices during the period covered by the High Court 's stay order. If any exceptional case of claim were to be made by any buyer	 it . . should be done by motion before the High Court which will I be justly disposed of. The Registrar	 under orders of the High Court	 will directly or by making over to the State Government	 receive and dispose of claims from the ultimate consumer for excess price paid on proper proof. If the State Government is to undertake this task	 a proper	 easy and cheap machinery for distribution to the real	 last buyers will be produced before the High Court and orders obtained. The process should not be too expensive or too formalised. D. Wide publicity will be given about the project and method of returning small claims and the money sent by post or otherwise. The claims also would be received by post or otherwise and verified without delay. The interest accruing from the bank deposits will be used for the incidentals to work out the distribution. F. It will be open to the wholesaler to prove by vouchers the retailers and the latter in turn may prove who the ultimate 	 buyers are. The High Court may devise modifications of this scheme or direct the State Government to act on any scheme subject to the moneys reaching the real small buyers from the retailers. If any further directions in the mechanics of the scheme are felt necessary	 the High Court will report to this court. If	 within one year from today	 any amounts remain unclaimed they will go into a separate deposit in the High Court to be operated on application by any claimant. If any legislation dealing with this subject were to be made before the amounts are disbursed	 the legislative scheme will pro tanto prevail over the directions given above. The court fee on these civil appeals will be exempted in the special circumstances of the case. K. Parties will bear their own costs in this Court. May be the procedure we have suggested above is somewhat unconventional but where public interest is involved. "Courts of equity may	 and frequently do	 go much further both to give and withhold relief in furtherance of the public interest than they are accustomed to go where only 808 private interests are involved. Accordingly	 the granting or withholding of relief may properly be dependent upon considerations as of public interest . "(1) We hope the vigilant legislature will activise itself on behalf of the little men and the law and make quick moving	 easily accessible and free of cost consumer protection measures. Slogans are not law and the rule of law in a welfare oriented constitutional order demands 'poverty law none too soon; with emphasis on the delivery of legal services with distances shortened and road hazards removed. It is not for the Court to spell out more	 but it is for the State to awaken to a overlooked	 but not infrequent	 legal phenomenon. P.H.P. Appeals dismissed.

The appellants challenged the validity of fixation of price of levy the high Court. During the pendency of the petitions	 the appellants a stay order from the High Court for charging the price in eyes price fixed by the State on furnishing Bank guarantees for the excess price Ultimately	 the High Court upheld the control of price and directed appellants to restore the excess money recovered from the consumer to the through the State Government. The appellants filed the present Special Leave against the said order of the High Court and contended that since the Sugar Industry had lean year	 the excess amount should be allowed to retained by the appellant or that the excess amount should be to be utilised for stabilising the sugarcane growers ' economic position alternative	 it was prayed that the excess amount could remain with the appellant unite a suitable scheme for the return of the excess amount to the was made. Dismissing the appeals	 ^ HELD : 1. The appellants had doubt business use of these crores of rupees for nearly a year even after the High Court 's final judgment. The money of the many little men got by the few millers by selling an essential commodity to the community at what is frankly black market price under the umbrella of court order of stay shall get back to the scattered crowd of small consumers as early and as inexpensively as possible. A public injury perpetrated by calling in aid court process must waken judicial conscience to improvise an ad hoc procedure to restore through the court 's authority what has been nibbled from the numerous buyers. The handling of small claims is probably a must deplorable features of the administration of civil justice and yet small claims are in many respect more signification than large ones	 involving large numbers and inter class disputes. If the confidence of the community in the justice system especially consumer protection. is to be created	 radical reform of the processual law is needed now and here. The inherent power of the court has its roots in the necessity and its breadth is co extensive with the necessity. The Court directed that the Bank guarantees furnished by the appellants should be encashed by the Registrar and kept in short term deposit. That he claims of the consumers should be settled by the Registrar of the High Court under the order of the High Court through an easy and cheap machinery. That wide publicity should be given about the method of returning and that small claims might be accepted by cost and money also returned by post. [804 C E. 806 A. D 807 BD]