| 1 | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | u.s. r&d expenditures, by performing sector and source of funds: 2010-19 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | performing sector and source of funds | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019a |
| 4 | current $millions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | all performing sectors | 406600 | 426213 | 433719 | 454271 | 475969 | 494482 | 521703 | 555245 | 606085 | 656038 |
| 6 | business | 278977 | 294092 | 302251 | 322528 | 340728 | 355821 | 379528 | 405791 | 445637 | 485826 |
| 7 | federal government | 50798 | 53524 | 52144 | 51086 | 52687 | 52847 | 51187 | 52553 | 58356 | 63051 |
| 8 | federal intramuralb | 31970 | 34950 | 34017 | 33406 | 34783 | 34199 | 31762 | 32231 | 36793 | 40086 |
| 9 | ffrdcs | 18828 | 18574 | 18128 | 17680 | 17903 | 18649 | 19424 | 20322 | 21563 | 22965 |
| 10 | nonfederal government | 691 | 694 | 665 | 620 | 583 | 595 | 621 | 636 | 656 | 678 |
| 11 | higher education | 58084 | 60088 | 60895 | 61548 | 62352 | 64621 | 67774 | 71108 | 74897 | 78717 |
| 12 | nonprofit organizationsc | 18050 | 17815 | 17764 | 18489 | 19620 | 20599 | 22594 | 25157 | 26538 | 27767 |
| 13 | all funding sources | 406600 | 426213 | 433719 | 454271 | 475969 | 494482 | 521703 | 555245 | 606085 | 656038 |
| 14 | business | 248124 | 266429 | 275728 | 297188 | 318411 | 333241 | 360002 | 386098 | 425999 | 463745 |
| 15 | federal government | 126617 | 127015 | 123837 | 120132 | 118368 | 119525 | 116870 | 121610 | 129610 | 138880 |
| 16 | nonfederal government | 4303 | 4387 | 4158 | 4243 | 4214 | 4271 | 4508 | 4597 | 4762 | 4960 |
| 17 | higher education | 12263 | 13103 | 14299 | 15378 | 16209 | 17293 | 18432 | 19585 | 20704 | 21791 |
| 18 | nonprofit organizationsc | 15294 | 15280 | 15697 | 17331 | 18768 | 20153 | 21892 | 23355 | 25010 | 26662 |
| 19 | constant 2012 $millions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 20 | all performing sectors | 423054 | 434387 | 433719 | 446436 | 459260 | 472627 | 493465 | 515500 | 549507 | 584369 |
| 21 | business | 290267 | 299733 | 302251 | 316965 | 328767 | 340094 | 358986 | 376745 | 404037 | 432751 |
| 22 | federal government | 52854 | 54551 | 52144 | 50205 | 50837 | 50512 | 48416 | 48791 | 52909 | 56163 |
| 23 | federal intramuralb | 33264 | 35621 | 34017 | 32830 | 33562 | 32687 | 30043 | 29924 | 33359 | 35707 |
| 24 | ffrdcs | 19590 | 18930 | 18128 | 17375 | 17275 | 17824 | 18373 | 18867 | 19550 | 20456 |
| 25 | nonfederal government | 719 | 707 | 665 | 609 | 563 | 568 | 587 | 590 | 595 | 604 |
| 26 | higher education | 60434 | 61240 | 60895 | 60486 | 60163 | 61764 | 64105 | 66018 | 67905 | 70117 |
| 27 | nonprofit organizationsc | 18780 | 18157 | 17764 | 18170 | 18931 | 19689 | 21371 | 23356 | 24061 | 24733 |
| 28 | all funding sources | 423054 | 434387 | 433719 | 446436 | 459260 | 472627 | 493465 | 515500 | 549507 | 584369 |
| 29 | business | 258165 | 271539 | 275728 | 292062 | 307233 | 318513 | 340516 | 358460 | 386233 | 413082 |
| 30 | federal government | 131740 | 129451 | 123837 | 118060 | 114212 | 114242 | 110544 | 112905 | 117511 | 123708 |
| 31 | nonfederal government | 4477 | 4471 | 4158 | 4170 | 4066 | 4082 | 4264 | 4268 | 4317 | 4418 |
| 32 | higher education | 12759 | 13354 | 14299 | 15112 | 15640 | 16528 | 17434 | 18183 | 18771 | 19411 |
| 33 | nonprofit organizationsc | 15913 | 15573 | 15697 | 17032 | 18109 | 19262 | 20707 | 21683 | 22675 | 23750 |

Question: how many million dollars did research and experimental development (r&d) performe in the united states in 2018?
Answer: 606085

Question: what was the estimated total expenditures for 2019, based on performer-reported expectations?
Answer: 656038

Question: how many million dollars did research and experimental development (r&d) performe in the united states in 2015?
Answer: 494482

Question: how many million dollars did research and experimental development (r&d) performe in the united states in 2010?
Answer: 406600