| 1 | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | annual rates of growth in u.s. r&d expenditures and gross domestic product, total and by performing sectors: 1988-2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | expenditures and gross domestic product | longer-term trends |  |  | most recent years |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 4 |  | 1988-98 | 1998-2008 | 2008-15 | 2008-09 | 2009-10 | 2010-11 | 2011-12 | 2012-13 | 2013-14 | 2014-15 | 2015-16 |
| 5 | current $ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | total r&d, all performers | 5.4 | 6 | 2.9 | -0.5 | 0.9 | 4.8 | 1.8 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 3 |
| 7 | business | 5.8 | 5.7 | 2.9 | -2.9 | -1.2 | 5.4 | 2.8 | 6.7 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 2.2 |
| 8 | federal government | 1.8 | 5.9 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 6.8 | 5.4 | -2.6 | -2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 5.8 |
| 9 | federal intramurala | 1.9 | 5.6 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 4.6 | 9.3 | -2.7 | -1.8 | 4.1 | 2.6 | 6.5 |
| 10 | ffrdcs | 1.6 | 6.4 | 2.4 | 7.6 | 10.7 | -1.4 | -2.4 | -2.5 | 1.3 | 4.2 | 4.4 |
| 11 | nonfederal governmentb | na | na | 3.1 | na | 14.1 | 0.4 | -4.2 | -6.8 | -5.9 | 4.6 | 6.8 |
| 12 | higher education | 6 | 7.4 | 3.1 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 3.5 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 3.7 | 4.4 |
| 13 | other nonprofit organizationsc | 8.5 | 8.2 | 3.1 | 9.8 | 3.3 | -1.5 | -0.6 | 3 | 4.9 | 3.5 | 4.3 |
| 14 | gross domestic product | 5.6 | 4.9 | 3 | -2 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 4 | 2.8 |
| 15 | constant 2009 $ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 16 | total r&d, all performers | 2.9 | 3.6 | 1.4 | -1.2 | -0.3 | 2.7 | -0.1 | 3 | 2.9 | 3 | 1.7 |
| 17 | business | 3.3 | 3.3 | 1.4 | -3.6 | -2.4 | 3.3 | 0.9 | 5 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 0.9 |
| 18 | federal government | -0.6 | 3.4 | 1 | 3.4 | 5.5 | 3.2 | -4.3 | -3.6 | 1.3 | 2 | 4.4 |
| 19 | federal intramurala | -0.5 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 3.4 | 7.1 | -4.4 | -3.4 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 5.2 |
| 20 | ffrdcs | -0.8 | 4 | 0.9 | 6.8 | 9.3 | -3.3 | -4.2 | -4 | -0.5 | 3 | 3 |
| 21 | nonfederal governmentb | na | na | 1.6 | na | 12.7 | -1.6 | -5.9 | -8.3 | -7.5 | 3.5 | 5.4 |
| 22 | higher education | 3.5 | 4.9 | 1.6 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 1.4 | -0.5 | -0.5 | -0.5 | 2.6 | 3.1 |
| 23 | other nonprofit organizationsc | 5.9 | 5.7 | 1.6 | 8.9 | 2.1 | -3.5 | -2.4 | 1.3 | 3 | 2.4 | 3 |
| 24 | gross domestic product | 3.4 | 2.2 | 1.5 | -2.8 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 1.5 |

Question: what was the growth in u.s. total r&d averaged annually over the 7-year period 2008-15?
Answer: 1.4

Question: how many percent of the average pace of u.s. gross domestic product (gdp) over the 7-year period 2008-15?
Answer: 1.5