| 1 | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | impact of immigrant ownership on imports - manufacturing sector |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 |  | probability of importing |  | number of products |  | average value per product |  |
| 4 |  | column 1 | column 2 | column 3 | column 4 | column 5 | column 6 |
| 5 | immigrant-owned in t-1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | coefficient | 0.001 | -0.010 | 0.051 | -0.062 | 0.182 | 0.070 |
| 7 | standard error | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.013 | 0.014 | 0.023 | 0.025 |
| 8 | imports from the region of birth |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | coefficient | .. | 0.077 | .. | 0.523 | .. | 0.521 |
| 10 | standard error | .. | 0.003 | .. | 0.026 | .. | 0.041 |
| 11 | combined effect |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | coefficient | .. | 0.067 | .. | 0.461 | .. | 0.591 |
| 13 | standard error | .. | 0.003 | .. | 0.025 | .. | 0.039 |
| 14 | number of observations | 3,385,529 | 3,385,529 | 359,288 | 359,288 | 359,288 | 359,288 |
| 15 | r-squared | 0.229 | 0.230 | 0.265 | 0.269 | 0.128 | 0.129 |

Question: which firms are less likely to import from regions that are not the owner's region of origin,immigrant-owned or canadian-owned firms?
Answer: immigrant-owned in t-1