| 1 | A | B | C | D |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 |  | both sexes | men | women |
| 3 |  | percent |  |  |
| 4 | actual |  |  |  |
| 5 | 1996 | 23.8 | 32.2 | 16.6 |
| 6 | 2007 | 33.3 | 40.1 | 27.3 |
| 7 | 2016 | 37.7 | 43.5 | 32.4 |
| 8 | 2016 counterfactual |  |  |  |
| 9 | with 1996 age structure only | 35.9 | 42.6 | 30.1 |
| 10 | with 1996 education only | 30.6 | 37.7 | 24.3 |
| 11 | with 1996 family structure only | 33.7 | 39.2 | 28.5 |
| 12 | with 1996 age, family and education structure | 31.6 | 39.1 | 25.4 |

Question: which year would have a higher participation rate if educational factors had been held constant, 1996 or 2016?
Answer: 2016 counterfactual

Question: how much would the participation rate have increased from 1996 to 2016 if family factors had been held constant over the period?
Answer: 9.9

Question: how much would the participation rate have increased, if the age structure had remained the same as in 1996?
Answer: 12.1

Question: how much did the participation rate increase from 1996 to 2016?
Answer: 13.9

Question: how much would the participation rate have increased when all factors are considered together in the model?
Answer: 7.8

Question: how much would the participation have increased among men if all of these factors had been held constant?
Answer: 6.9

Question: how much did the participation increased among men from 1996 to 2016?
Answer: 11.3

Question: what percentage of the overall increase in the participation rate of men from 1996 to 2016 was caused by compositional effects?
Answer: 0.389381

Question: how much increase in the participation rate would be caused holding age, family status and education constant?
Answer: 8.8

Question: how much increase in the participation rate did older women eventually achieve from 1996 to 2016?
Answer: 15.8

Question: what percentage of overall change in participation rates among women was caused by compositional effects?
Answer: 0.443038

Question: what percentage of overall change in participation rates among women was caused by non-compositional effects?
Answer: 0.556962