| 1 | A | B | C | D | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | post-matching probit estimates of average marginal effects of immigrant status on innovation (average treatment effects on the treated), private-sector smes |  |  |  |  |
| 3 |  | innovation |  |  |  |
| 4 |  | goods or services | production process or method | organizational method | new way of selling |
| 5 | all immigrants |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | immigrant |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | coefficient | 0.0230 | 0.0350 | 0.0014 | 0.0250 |
| 8 | standard error | -0.0086 | -0.0075 | -0.0074 | -0.0077 |
| 9 | controls | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| 10 | baseline probability | 0.2670 | 0.1742 | 0.1790 | 0.1808 |
| 11 | number of observations | 19,896 | 19,897 | 19,896 | 19,896 |
| 12 | immigrants in canada for less than 20 years |  |  |  |  |
| 13 | immigrant |  |  |  |  |
| 14 | coefficient | 0.0360 | 0.0310 | -0.0040 | 0.0540 |
| 15 | standard error | -0.0150 | -0.0130 | -0.0130 | -0.0140 |
| 16 | controls | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| 17 | baseline probability | 0.2840 | 0.1786 | 0.1883 | 0.1854 |
| 18 | number of observations | 10,232 | 10,230 | 10,232 | 10,232 |
| 19 | immigrants in canada for 20 years or more |  |  |  |  |
| 20 | immigrant |  |  |  |  |
| 21 | coefficient | 0.0190 | 0.0370 | 0.0067 | 0.0150 |
| 22 | standard error | -0.0097 | -0.0086 | -0.0083 | -0.0087 |
| 23 | controls | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| 24 | baseline probability | 0.2578 | 0.1722 | 0.1738 | 0.1780 |
| 25 | number of observations | 16,320 | 16,316 | 16,320 | 16,320 |

Question: for all firms with immigrant owners, what was the percentage points of likelihood of implementing a product innovation higher than for firms with canadian-born owners?
Answer: 0.023

Question: for process innovations, what was the percentage points of the likelihood higher for immigrant-owned firms?
Answer: 0.035

Question: what was the percentage points of firms with immigrant owners who had been in canada for more than 20 years were also more likely to implement a process innovation than firms with canadian-born owners?
Answer: 0.037