| 1 | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | u.s. r&d expenditures, by performing sector and source of funding: 2008-13 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | sector | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013a |
| 4 |  | current $millions |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | all performing sectors | 406952 | 405136 | 408197 | 427833 | 435347 | 456095 |
| 6 | business | 290680 | 282393 | 278977 | 294092 | 302251 | 322528 |
| 7 | federal government | 45649 | 47363 | 49955 | 52668 | 51318 | 49859 |
| 8 | federal intramuralb | 29839 | 30560 | 31970 | 34950 | 34017 | 33026 |
| 9 | ffrdcs | 15810 | 16804 | 17985 | 17718 | 17301 | 16833 |
| 10 | nonfederal government | 343 | 405 | 490 | 493 | 468 | 467 |
| 11 | universities and colleges | 53917 | 56972 | 60374 | 62446 | 63284 | 64680 |
| 12 | other nonprofit organizationsc | 16363 | 18002 | 18401 | 18134 | 18026 | 18561 |
| 13 | all funding sources | 406952 | 405136 | 408197 | 427833 | 435347 | 456095 |
| 14 | business | 258131 | 246770 | 248314 | 266606 | 275892 | 297279 |
| 15 | federal government | 119113 | 127180 | 127559 | 128039 | 124956 | 121808 |
| 16 | nonfederal government | 4257 | 4287 | 4287 | 4355 | 4105 | 4113 |
| 17 | universities and colleges | 11640 | 11917 | 12105 | 12951 | 14136 | 15240 |
| 18 | other nonprofit organizationsc | 13811 | 14983 | 15932 | 15882 | 16258 | 17655 |
| 19 |  | constant 2009 $millions |  |  |  |  |  |
| 20 | all performing sectors | 410043 | 405136 | 403270 | 414122 | 413961 | 427323 |
| 21 | business | 292888 | 282393 | 275610 | 284667 | 287403 | 302182 |
| 22 | federal government | 45995 | 47363 | 49352 | 50981 | 48797 | 46714 |
| 23 | federal intramuralb | 30066 | 30560 | 31584 | 33830 | 32346 | 30943 |
| 24 | ffrdcs | 15930 | 16804 | 17768 | 17150 | 16451 | 15771 |
| 25 | nonfederal government | 345 | 405 | 484 | 477 | 445 | 438 |
| 26 | universities and colleges | 54327 | 56972 | 59645 | 60445 | 60176 | 60600 |
| 27 | other nonprofit organizationsc | 16487 | 18002 | 18179 | 17552 | 17141 | 17390 |
| 28 | all funding sources | 410043 | 405136 | 403270 | 414122 | 413961 | 427323 |
| 29 | business | 260092 | 246770 | 245317 | 258062 | 262339 | 278525 |
| 30 | federal government | 120017 | 127180 | 126019 | 123936 | 118817 | 114124 |
| 31 | nonfederal government | 4289 | 4287 | 4235 | 4216 | 3904 | 3853 |
| 32 | universities and colleges | 11728 | 11917 | 11959 | 12536 | 13442 | 14278 |
| 33 | other nonprofit organizationsc | 13916 | 14983 | 15739 | 15373 | 15459 | 16542 |

Question: how many million dollars did research and development performed in the united states total in 2013?
Answer: 456095

Question: how many million dollars did research and development performed in the united states total in 2012?
Answer: 435347

Question: how many million dollars did research and development performed in the united states total in 2011?
Answer: 427833

Question: how many million dollars did research and development performed in the united states total in 2008?
Answer: 406952