| 1 | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | percentage of small and medium-sized enterprises using various sources of financing at start-up, firms in the knowledge-based industry (kbi) and other firms |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 |  | immigrant owner |  | canadian-born owner |  | total |  |
| 4 |  | kbi firms | other firms | kbi firms | other firms | kbi firms | other firms |
| 5 |  | percent |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | credit from financial institution | 12.3 | 37.7 | 22.0 | 45.9 | 19.3 | 44.0 |
| 7 | personal financing | 77.6 | 83.5 | 88.4 | 81.4 | 85.4 | 81.9 |
| 8 | retained earnings | 11.3 | 15.7 | 9.3 | 12.6 | 9.8 | 13.3 |
| 9 | trade credit from suppliers | 3.1 | 17.3 | 6.8 | 20.0 | 5.8 | 19.3 |
| 10 | leasing | 4.3 | 13.4 | 7.9 | 12.7 | 6.9 | 12.9 |
| 11 | government grant or lending | 4.5 | 4.1 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
| 12 | friends or relatives | 16.1 | 17.7 | 10.7 | 15.6 | 12.2 | 16.1 |
| 13 | angel investors or venture capital providers | 6.6 | 2.8 | 5.8 | 2.7 | 6.1 | 2.7 |

Question: what percent of all start-ups in the sample used personal financing?
Answer: 83.65

Question: what percent of canadian-born entrepreneurs used personal financing to start a kbi business?
Answer: 88.4

Question: what percent of immigrant entrepreneurs used personal financing to start a kbi business.
Answer: 77.6

Question: what percent of canadian-born entrepreneurs used friends and relatives as a financing source to start a kbi business?
Answer: 10.7

Question: which type of start-ups is much less likely to use debt financing from formal financial institutions? start-ups from other industries or kbi start-ups?
Answer: kbi firms

Question: what percent of start-ups in non-kbi industries turned to debt financing from a financial institution?
Answer: 44

Question: what percent of immigrant-owned kbi start-ups turned to debt financing from a formal financial institution?
Answer: 12.3

Question: which type of start-up is less likely to use trade credit financing? kbi start-ups or non-kbi firms?
Answer: kbi firms

Question: which sources were used more often by kbi firms than by non-kbi firms?
Answer: angel investors or venture capital providers

Question: what percent of kbi start-ups turned to angel investors or venture capital financing?
Answer: 6.1