| 1 | A | B | C | D | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | provincial and economic region border effect estimates across trade types, accounting for the non-linear effect of distance |  |  |  |  |
| 3 |  | province-state |  | economic region |  |
| 4 |  | column 1 | column 2 | column 3 | column 4 |
| 5 | canada-united states border |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | coefficient | -1.435 | -1.555 | -1.568 | -1.434 |
| 7 | robust standard error | 0.370 | 0.531 | 0.187 | 0.243 |
| 8 | provincial border |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | coefficient | .. | .. | -0.576 | -0.785 |
| 10 | robust standard error | .. | .. | 0.126 | 0.127 |
| 11 | state border |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | coefficient | .. | .. | -0.387 | -0.301 |
| 13 | robust standard error | .. | .. | 0.049 | 0.048 |
| 14 | intra-regional flows | yes | no | yes | no |
| 15 | number of observations | 3,364 | 3,306 | 40,401 | 40,200 |

Question: what is the canada-united states border effect with intraregional flows?
Answer: -1.568

Question: what is the canada-united states border effect without intraregional flows?
Answer: -1.434

Question: what wsa the border effect estimates with accounting for internal flows?
Answer: -1.435

Question: what wsa the border effect estimates without accounting for internal flows?
Answer: -1.555

Question: what is the effect of the economic region regressions are able to simultaneously measure provincial border effects when internal flows are included?
Answer: -0.576

Question: what is the effect of the economic region regressions are able to simultaneously measure state border effects when internal flows are included?
Answer: -0.387