| 1 | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | master's students, doctoral students, and postdocs in science, engineering, and health fields, by sex, citizenship, ethnicity, and race: 2017-19 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | characteristic | master's |  |  |  | doctoral |  |  |  | postdocs |  |  |  |
| 4 |  | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | percent change 2017-19 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | percent change 2017-19 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | percent change 2017-19 |
| 5 | all | 378587 | 391211 | 408228 | 7.8 | 270525 | 277096 | 281889 | 4.2 | 64733 | 64783 | 66247 | 2.3 |
| 6 | male | 200748 | 201314 | 205768 | 2.5 | 155699 | 158019 | 159227 | 2.3 | 38870 | 38661 | 39173 | 0.8 |
| 7 | female | 177839 | 189897 | 202460 | 13.8 | 114826 | 119077 | 122662 | 6.8 | 25863 | 26122 | 27074 | 4.7 |
| 8 | u.s. citizens and permanent residentsa | 251896 | 271290 | 287370 | 14.1 | 164585 | 167291 | 169134 | 2.8 | 30110 | 29622 | 29452 | -2.2 |
| 9 | male | 119906 | 126552 | 131686 | 9.8 | 86517 | 86601 | 86651 | 0.2 | 16378 | 15934 | 15570 | -4.9 |
| 10 | female | 131990 | 144738 | 155684 | 18 | 78068 | 80690 | 82483 | 5.7 | 13732 | 13688 | 13882 | 1.1 |
| 11 | hispanic or latino | 29622 | 32923 | 36777 | 24.2 | 14999 | 16161 | 17690 | 17.9 | 1659 | 1856 | 1924 | 16 |
| 12 | not hispanic or latino |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 13 | american indian or alaska native | 1136 | 1219 | 1327 | 16.8 | 714 | 713 | 750 | 5 | 125 | 81 | 69 | -44.8 |
| 14 | asian | 26093 | 28557 | 31301 | 20 | 15952 | 16750 | 17543 | 10 | 6045 | 6020 | 5891 | -2.5 |
| 15 | black or african american | 23266 | 25878 | 27598 | 18.6 | 9483 | 10065 | 10450 | 10.2 | 1019 | 1104 | 1088 | 6.8 |
| 16 | native hawaiian or other pacific islander | 468 | 497 | 542 | 15.8 | 235 | 233 | 202 | -14 | 112 | 55 | 52 | -53.6 |
| 17 | white | 148031 | 156010 | 163836 | 10.7 | 109271 | 109725 | 108709 | -0.5 | 17313 | 17232 | 16972 | -2 |
| 18 | more than one race | 8119 | 9120 | 9593 | 18.2 | 5420 | 5744 | 6020 | 11.1 | 730 | 506 | 519 | -28.9 |
| 19 | unknown race and ethnicity | 15161 | 17086 | 16396 | 8.1 | 8511 | 7900 | 7770 | -8.7 | 3107 | 2768 | 2937 | -5.5 |
| 20 | temporary visa holders | 126691 | 119921 | 120858 | -4.6 | 105940 | 109805 | 112755 | 6.4 | 34623 | 35161 | 36795 | 6.3 |
| 21 | male | 80842 | 74762 | 74082 | -8.4 | 69182 | 71418 | 72576 | 4.9 | 22492 | 22727 | 23603 | 4.9 |

Question: how many percentage points of decreasing was the decline between 2017 and 2019 in the number and proportion of temporary visa holders among seh master's students driven in the number of men with temporary visas who enrolled in master's programs?
Answer: 8.4

Question: how many percentage points was the number of male doctoral students with temporary visas increased by?
Answer: 4.9