| 1 | A | B | C | D | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | financial expectations and debt-to-income ratios, families with at least $10,000 (2016 dollars) in after-tax income and debt-to-income ratios no higher than 4.5 |  |  |  |  |
| 3 |  | average difference between the debt-to-income ratio of families with positive expectations and that of other families |  | average debt-to-income ratio |  |
| 4 |  | homeowners | renters | homeowners | renters |
| 5 |  | percentage points |  | percent |  |
| 6 | all family units | 32.2 | 6.2 | 116.5 | 27.8 |
| 7 | age of major income earner |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | 25 to 34 | 46.4 | -0.3 | 208.1 | 39.3 |
| 9 | 35 to 54 | 28.1 | 5.8 | 145.5 | 28.2 |
| 10 | 55 or older | 26.6 | 9.3 | 59.1 | 13.0 |
| 11 | education level of major income earner |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | high school or less | 31.3 | 8.0 | 94.9 | 20.5 |
| 13 | postsecondary education | 30.0 | 8.3 | 130.8 | 33.4 |
| 14 | university degree | 34.4 | -1.4 | 132.2 | 38.1 |
| 15 | immigration status of major income earner |  |  |  |  |
| 16 | landed immigrant | 43.9 | 4.1 | 129.4 | 24.2 |
| 17 | canadian-born | 29.2 | 6.5 | 113.2 | 28.8 |
| 18 | 1999 | 28.7 | 5.8 | 100.0 | 25.2 |
| 19 | 2005 | 29.8 | 5.8 | 113.7 | 27.1 |
| 20 | 2016 | 37.8 | 7.4 | 133.1 | 30.7 |

Question: how many pertange points were the debt-to-income ratios of homeowner families with positive expectations higher than the debt-to-income ratios of other comparable families?
Answer: 32.2

Question: what is the average debt-to-income ratio observed for the sample of homeowners?
Answer: 116.5