| 1 | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | u.s. r&d expenditures, by performing sector and source of funding: 2008-16 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | performing sector and funding source | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015a | 2016b |
| 4 | current $millions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | all performing sectors | 404773 | 402931 | 406580 | 426160 | 433619 | 453964 | 475426 | 495144 | 509967 |
| 6 | business | 290680 | 282393 | 278977 | 294092 | 302251 | 322528 | 340728 | 355821 | 363753 |
| 7 | federal government | 45649 | 47572 | 50798 | 53524 | 52144 | 51086 | 52687 | 54322 | 57459 |
| 8 | federal intramuralc | 29839 | 30560 | 31970 | 34950 | 34017 | 33406 | 34783 | 35673 | 37999 |
| 9 | ffrdcs | 15810 | 17013 | 18828 | 18574 | 18128 | 17680 | 17903 | 18649 | 19460 |
| 10 | nonfederal government | 491 | 606 | 691 | 694 | 665 | 620 | 583 | 610 | 651 |
| 11 | higher education | 52054 | 54909 | 58084 | 60089 | 60896 | 61546 | 62354 | 64653 | 67520 |
| 12 | other nonprofit organizationsd | 15898 | 17452 | 18030 | 17762 | 17663 | 18185 | 19075 | 19738 | 20583 |
| 13 | all funding sources | 404773 | 402931 | 406580 | 426160 | 433619 | 453964 | 475426 | 495144 | 509967 |
| 14 | business | 258016 | 246610 | 248124 | 266421 | 275717 | 297167 | 318382 | 333207 | 343562 |
| 15 | federal government | 117615 | 125765 | 126617 | 127015 | 123838 | 120130 | 118363 | 120933 | 122656 |
| 16 | nonfederal government | 4221 | 4295 | 4302 | 4386 | 4158 | 4244 | 4214 | 4280 | 4425 |
| 17 | higher education | 11738 | 12056 | 12262 | 13104 | 14300 | 15378 | 16217 | 17334 | 18686 |
| 18 | other nonprofit organizationsd | 13184 | 14205 | 15275 | 15235 | 15607 | 17045 | 18250 | 19390 | 20638 |
| 19 | constant 2009 $millions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 20 | all performing sectors | 407848 | 402931 | 401673 | 412503 | 412127 | 424610 | 436844 | 450080 | 457715 |
| 21 | business | 292888 | 282393 | 275610 | 284667 | 287271 | 301673 | 313077 | 323437 | 326482 |
| 22 | federal government | 45995 | 47572 | 50185 | 51809 | 49560 | 47783 | 48411 | 49378 | 51572 |
| 23 | federal intramuralc | 30066 | 30560 | 31584 | 33830 | 32331 | 31246 | 31961 | 32427 | 34106 |
| 24 | ffrdcs | 15930 | 17013 | 18601 | 17978 | 17229 | 16537 | 16451 | 16951 | 17466 |
| 25 | nonfederal government | 495 | 606 | 683 | 672 | 632 | 580 | 536 | 555 | 585 |
| 26 | higher education | 52450 | 54909 | 57383 | 58163 | 57877 | 57566 | 57293 | 58768 | 60602 |
| 27 | other nonprofit organizationsd | 16019 | 17452 | 17812 | 17193 | 16788 | 17009 | 17527 | 17942 | 18474 |
| 28 | all funding sources | 407848 | 402931 | 401673 | 412503 | 412127 | 424610 | 436844 | 450080 | 457715 |
| 29 | business | 259975 | 246610 | 245129 | 257883 | 262051 | 277952 | 292544 | 302881 | 308360 |
| 30 | federal government | 118508 | 125765 | 125089 | 122944 | 117700 | 112363 | 108758 | 109927 | 110089 |
| 31 | nonfederal government | 4253 | 4295 | 4250 | 4245 | 3952 | 3970 | 3872 | 3890 | 3971 |
| 32 | higher education | 11827 | 12056 | 12114 | 12684 | 13591 | 14383 | 14901 | 15756 | 16771 |
| 33 | other nonprofit organizationsd | 13284 | 14205 | 15091 | 14747 | 14833 | 15943 | 16769 | 17625 | 18524 |

Question: how many million dollars did research and experimental development (r&d) perform in the united states totaled in 2015?
Answer: 495144

Question: how many dollars of the estimated total for 2016, based on performerreported expectations?
Answer: 509967

Question: how many million dollars does u.s. r&d total in 2013?
Answer: 453964

Question: how many million dollars does u.s. r&d total in 2014?
Answer: 475426

Question: in 2008, what was the u.s. total million dollars?
Answer: 404773