| 1 | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | citizenship rates among immigrants aged 18 and older who arrived in canada five to nine years ago, by selected socio-demographic characteristics, 1991 to 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 |  | 1991 | 1996 | 2001 | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 | 1996-to-2016 change |
| 4 |  | percent |  |  |  |  |  | percentage points |
| 5 | total | 68.6 | 75.4 | 75.1 | 73.0 | 67.5 | 60.4 | -15.0 |
| 6 | adult-equivalent family income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | ≤ $10,000 | 65.8 | 75.0 | 73.1 | 69.9 | 61.2 | 51.5 | -23.5 |
| 8 | > $10,000 to ≤ $30,000 | 68.2 | 75.1 | 75.1 | 71.1 | 64.3 | 56.0 | -19.2 |
| 9 | > $30,000 to ≤ $50,000 | 69.2 | 75.7 | 74.2 | 72.5 | 68.3 | 61.0 | -14.7 |
| 10 | > $50,000 to ≤ $100,000 | 69.6 | 76.7 | 77.2 | 77.4 | 71.2 | 65.7 | -11.0 |
| 11 | > $100,000 | 66.2 | 69.7 | 75.3 | 74.0 | 71.5 | 66.7 | -3.0 |
| 12 | language |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 13 | neither english nor french | 61.5 | 62.1 | 68.3 | 56.7 | 45.6 | 32.6 | -29.5 |
| 14 | other mother tongue, speaks english or french | 74.0 | 79.7 | 78.9 | 76.2 | 70.5 | 63.4 | -16.4 |
| 15 | english or french mother tongue | 60.2 | 69.2 | 65.0 | 66.2 | 64.9 | 61.0 | -8.2 |
| 16 | education |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 17 | less than high school | 64.7 | 69.4 | 71.4 | 63.4 | 59.8 | 46.9 | -22.5 |
| 18 | high school graduate | 68.7 | 75.7 | 74.5 | 70.8 | 65.4 | 55.4 | -20.3 |
| 19 | some postsecondary | 72.1 | 78.9 | 75.9 | 73.8 | 67.3 | 60.8 | -18.1 |
| 20 | university degree | 73.8 | 80.9 | 79.3 | 77.0 | 70.8 | 67.1 | -13.8 |
| 21 | socioeconomic status |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 22 | low income, high school or less education, mother tongue not english or french | 68.7 | 74.2 | 75.6 | 69.8 | 62.9 | 50.7 | -23.5 |
| 23 | high income, university education, english or french mother tongue | 56.9 | 67.3 | 65.6 | 68.8 | 66.7 | 66.4 | -0.9 |
| 24 | immigrants not included in above groups | 69.1 | 76.2 | 75.2 | 73.9 | 68.4 | 61.9 | -14.3 |
| 25 | source country/region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 26 | united states | 31.0 | 38.4 | 41.7 | 41.8 | 44.9 | 40.5 | 2.1 |
| 27 | central america | 66.4 | 77.1 | 74.2 | 72.1 | 67.5 | 59.0 | -18.1 |
| 28 | caribbean | 64.7 | 72.2 | 64.1 | 66.5 | 67.7 | 58.2 | -14.0 |
| 29 | south america | 71.6 | 73.8 | 68.5 | 70.0 | 73.8 | 72.5 | -1.3 |
| 30 | northern europe | 54.4 | 53.9 | 45.0 | 49.2 | 48.1 | 45.2 | -8.7 |
| 31 | western europe | 50.2 | 52.9 | 52.4 | 53.5 | 47.9 | 47.9 | -5.0 |
| 32 | southern europe | 53.8 | 52.8 | 81.4 | 83.5 | 78.7 | 62.1 | 9.4 |
| 33 | eastern europe | 84.6 | 84.3 | 83.6 | 84.2 | 78.6 | 71.7 | -12.6 |
| 34 | africa | 78.3 | 86.2 | 83.0 | 76.8 | 77.2 | 73.8 | -12.5 |
| 35 | south asia | 55.7 | 66.0 | 68.0 | 68.5 | 67.2 | 59.8 | -6.2 |
| 36 | southeast asia | 79.2 | 81.9 | 79.0 | 74.8 | 70.3 | 61.3 | -20.7 |
| 37 | east asia | 80.4 | 82.9 | 80.9 | 73.7 | 57.0 | 44.8 | -38.1 |
| 38 | west asia | 79.7 | 86.6 | 84.1 | 82.1 | 74.6 | 69.7 | -16.9 |
| 39 | oceania and other | 56.9 | 53.9 | 50.1 | 55.7 | 60.7 | 49.0 | -5.0 |
| 40 |  | number |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 41 | sample size | 64,787 | 123,636 | 137,708 | 138,024 | 163,270 | 214,067 | .. |

Question: among those with poorer official language skills, how much did citizenship rate decline between 1996 and 2016?
Answer: 29.5

Question: among those whose mother tongue was english or french, how much did citizenship rate decline between 1996 and 2016?
Answer: 8.2

Question: between 1996 and 2016, among which group of people was the decline greater, among those with poorer official language skills or among those whose mother tongue was english or french?
Answer: neither english nor french

Question: in 1996, how many immigrants with less than a high school education became naturalized?
Answer: 69.4

Question: in 1996, how many immigrants with university degrees became naturalized?
Answer: 80.9

Question: how much did the citizenship rate fall among immigrants with less than a high school education between 1996 and 2016?
Answer: 22.5

Question: how much did the citizenship rate fall among immigrants with university degreees between 1996 and 2016?
Answer: 13.8