| 1 | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises and their owners in the study sample |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 |  | all private-sector smes |  |  | smes in kbis |  |  |
| 4 |  | all smes | immigrant owned | canadian-born owned | all smes | immigrant owned | canadian-born owned |
| 5 |  | percent |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | firm characteristics |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | owner started firm | 75.0 | 77.8 | 74.2 | 89.3 | 91.5 | 88.3 |
| 8 |  | number |  |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | average firm age | 19.0 | 15.5 | 20.0 | 14.2 | 12.0 | 15.1 |
| 10 |  | percent |  |  |  |  |  |
| 11 | annual growth in the last three years |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | negative growth | 13.4 | 14.9 | 12.9 | 14.2 | 13.5 | 14.5 |
| 13 | no growth | 20.7 | 20.9 | 20.6 | 16.9 | 16.0 | 17.3 |
| 14 | 1% to 10% | 46.1 | 46.1 | 46.1 | 45.3 | 52.2 | 42.5 |
| 15 | 11% to 20% | 11.4 | 10.6 | 11.6 | 12.2 | 7.7 | 14.0 |
| 16 | 21% or more | 8.5 | 7.4 | 8.9 | 11.4 | 10.6 | 11.8 |
| 17 | average sales outside canada | 4.2 | 6.2 | 3.6 | 10.9 | 15.0 | 9.2 |
| 18 |  | number |  |  |  |  |  |
| 19 | average number of employees | 10.2 | 8.8 | 10.6 | 9.8 | 8.6 | 10.3 |
| 20 |  | percent |  |  |  |  |  |
| 21 | share of smes in kbis | 9.8 | 12.5 | 9.0 | .. | .. | .. |
| 22 |  | number |  |  |  |  |  |
| 23 | owners' characteristics |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 24 | average age | 51.7 | 52.0 | 51.5 | 51.2 | 51.1 | 51.3 |
| 25 | average years of experience owning a firm | 20.8 | 19.4 | 21.2 | 18.7 | 17.0 | 19.4 |
| 26 | average years residing in canada | .. | 29.1 | .. | .. | 26.8 | .. |
| 27 |  | percent |  |  |  |  |  |
| 28 | mother tongue |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 29 | english | 60.2 | 29.6 | 69.4 | 63.4 | 36.6 | 74.6 |
| 30 | french | 21.4 | 4.5 | 26.5 | 17.5 | 5.7 | 22.4 |
| 31 | other | 18.4 | 65.9 | 4.2 | 19.1 | 57.7 | 3.0 |
| 32 | educational attainment |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 33 | less than high school | 8.1 | 6.0 | 8.8 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 1.5 |
| 34 | high school diploma | 23.4 | 16.8 | 25.3 | 8.9 | 3.0 | 11.3 |
| 35 | some postsecondary | 30.7 | 24.4 | 32.6 | 20.6 | 12.9 | 23.8 |
| 36 | bachelor's degree | 23.4 | 30.9 | 21.1 | 39.2 | 42.1 | 37.9 |
| 37 | graduate degree | 14.4 | 21.9 | 12.2 | 30.2 | 41.7 | 25.4 |

Question: what was an average number of employees per firm in all smes?
Answer: 10.2

Question: immigrant-owned firms were smaller, what was an average of employees per firm?
Answer: 8.8

Question: what was the average age of firms owned by canadian-born individuals?
Answer: 20

Question: what was the average age of firms owned by immigrant-owned individuals?
Answer: 15.5

Question: there was a large difference in the proportion of those with a graduate degree, what was the percentage of immigrant owners?
Answer: 21.9

Question: there was a large difference in the proportion of those with a graduate degree, what was the percentage of canadian-born owners?
Answer: 12.2

Question: what was the percent of all firms in the share of smes in kbis?
Answer: 9.8

Question: what was the percent of these immigrant sme owners had a graduate degree?
Answer: 41.7

Question: what was the percent of these canadian-born sme owners had a graduate degree?
Answer: 25.4