| 1 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering - NNIIRT designed air surveillance radars |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Radar | NATO reporting name | Radio spectrum (NATO) | Developed | Production plant | Notes |
| 4 | P-3 | - | VHF | 1948 | NITEL | The first Soviet post-World War II air surveillance radar |
| 5 | P-8 Volga | KNIFE REST A | VHF | 1950 | NITEL | The first Soviet radar with circular scan |
| 6 | P-10 Volga A | KNIFE REST B | VHF | 1953 | NITEL | Frequency hopping |
| 7 | P-12 Yenisei | SPOON REST | VHF | 1955 | NITEL | Coherent radar with MTI |
| 8 | P-14 Lena | TALL KING | VHF | 1959 | NITEL | - |
| 9 | P-70 Lena-M | - | VHF | 1968 | - | First Soviet radar with chirp |
| 10 | P-18 Terek | SPOON REST D | VHF | 1970 | NITEL | - |
| 11 | 5N84A Oborona-14 | TALL KING C | VHF | 1974 | NITEL | - |
| 12 | 5N69 Salute | BIG BACK | D-band | 1975 | - | First Soviet 3D-radar |
| 13 | 44ZH6 | TALL KING B | VHF | 1979 | NITEL | Stationary version of Oborona-14 |
| 14 | 55ZH6 Nebo | TALL RACK | VHF | 1982 | NITEL | First Soviet meter-wavelength 3D-radar |
| 15 | 1L13 | - | - | 1982 | - | - |
| 16 | 52E6 | - | VHF | 1982–1996 | - | - |
| 17 | 1L13-3 Nebo-SV | BOX SPRING | VHF | 1985 | NITEL | - |
| 18 | 55ZH6U Nebo-U | TALL RACK | VHF | 1992 | NITEL | - |
| 19 | 1L119 Nebo-SVU | - | VHF | 1997–2006 | - | - |
| 20 | 59N6-1 Protivnik-G1 | - | D-band | 1997 | - | Average time between failures 840 hours |
| 21 | 1L122 Avtobaza | - | D-band | 1997–2006 | - | - |
| 22 | 52E6MU | - | VHF | 1997–2006 | - | - |
| 23 | P-18 modernisation kits | SPOON REST D | VHF | 1997–2006 | - | - |
| 24 | 55ZH6M Nebo-M | - | VHF/multi-band | 2011 | - | - |
| 25 | 59N6M | - | - | - | - | - |

Question: What were the first Soviet radar with circular scan, the first 3D radar and the first VHF-band 3D radar?
Answer: Innovations include the first Soviet air surveillance radar with a circular scan; the P-8 Volga (NATO: KNIFE REST A) in 1950, the first 3D-radar; the 5N69 Salute (NATO: BIG BACK) in 1975, and in 1982 the first VHF-band 3D-radar; the 55Zh6 Nebo (NATO: TALL RACK).