Instruction: What is the book "The Sun Also Rises" about?

Context:
The Sun Also Rises is a 1926 novel by American writer Ernest Hemingway, his first, that portrays American and British expatriates who travel from Paris to the Festival of San Fermín in Pamplona to watch the running of the bulls and the bullfights. An early modernist novel, it received mixed reviews upon publication. Hemingway biographer Jeffrey Meyers writes that it is now "recognized as Hemingway's greatest work" and Hemingway scholar Linda Wagner-Martin calls it his most important novel. The novel was published in the United States in October 1926 by Scribner's. A year later, Jonathan Cape published the novel in London under the title Fiesta. It remains in print.

The novel is a roman à clef: the characters are based on people in Hemingway's circle and the action is based on events, particularly Hemingway's life in Paris in the 1920s and a trip to Spain in 1925 for the Pamplona festival and fishing in the Pyrenees. Hemingway presents his notion that the "Lost Generation"—considered to have been decadent, dissolute and irretrievably damaged by World War I—was in fact resilient and strong. Hemingway investigates the themes of love and death, the revivifying power of nature and the concept of masculinity. His spare writing style, combined with his restrained use of description to convey characterizations and action, demonstrates his "Iceberg Theory" of writing.

Answer: The Sun Also Rises is a book based on people Hemingway knew from his life in Paris, fishing in the Pyrenees, and a trip to the Pamplona festival in Spain.


Instruction: Give me a bullet list of lots of possible weather forecasts

Answer:
- Sunny
- Partially cloudy
- Cloudy
- Showers
- Thunderstorms
- Hail
- Snowstorm
- Snow flurries
- Heavy fog


Instruction: Who are the CEO of National Association of Broadcasters

Context:
The National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) is a trade association and lobby group representing the interests of commercial and non-commercial over-the-air radio and television broadcasters in the United States. The NAB represents more than 8,300 terrestrial radio and television stations as well as broadcast networks.

As of 2022, the president and CEO of the NAB is Curtis LeGeyt.

Founding

NAB headquarters in Washington, D.C.
The NAB was founded as the National Association of Radio Broadcasters (NARB) in April 1923 at the Drake Hotel in Chicago. The association's founder and first president was Eugene F. McDonald Jr., who also launched the Zenith corporation. In 1951 it changed its name to the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters (NARTB) to include the television industry. In 1958 it adopted its current name, "National Association of Broadcasters".

Commercial radio
The NAB worked to establish a commercial radio system in the United States. The system was set up in August 1928 with the establishment of General Order 40—a radio reallocation scheme by the Federal Radio Commission which awarded the choicest frequencies and broadcast times to the then-emerging commercial radio industry. In the wake of General Order 40, a loose coalition of educators, nonprofit broadcasters, labor unions, and religious groups coalesced to oppose the NAB and their allies through the 1920s and 1930s, and to develop a public, nonprofit, license-funded radio system without commercials (similar to what happened with the BBC). The coalition claimed that the commercial industry would only promote profitable programming, thereby reducing the quality and future potential of radio broadcasting.

Not having the political connections, resources, or publicity of the NAB and the commercial radio industry, the non-profit coalition eventually lost the fight with the passage of the Communications Act of 1934.

The National Independent Broadcasters were formed in 1939 as part of the NAB, to represent stations that were not associated with any network, but the group split off in 1941.

Satellite radio
Many satellite radio enthusiasts have criticized the NAB for lobbying against legislation approvals for those services. The NAB protested the FCC's approval of both satellite radio services in the United States—XM and Sirius—and furthermore criticized the 2008 merger of the two companies, calling the merged company a "potential monopoly".

Digital transition
In 2005, the NAB, together with the Association for Maximum Service Television Stations, Inc. (MSTV), commenced development of a prototype high quality, low cost digital-to-analog converter box for terrestrial digital television reception. The result of this project was a specification for the converter box, which was then adopted by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration as a technical requirement for eligible converter boxes for the Administration's Digital-to-Analog Converter Box Coupon Program.

White space
The NAB has lobbied against the use of white spaces, unused broadcast spectrum lying between broadcast channels, for wireless broadband internet and other digital use. The NAB has claimed that use of white space will interfere with existing broadcast spectrum, even though tests by the Federal Communications Commission at levels far stronger than that being advocated for in policy circles have not supported such claims. Indeed, the FCC has recommended the use of white spaces for broadband and other digital use. In 2011 the NAB funded an advertising campaign titled "The Future of TV", advocating for the private ownership of the spectrum, framed as a threat to free television.

Free TV campaign
In mid-2014, an NAB advertising campaign against a Congressional threat appeared, advocating viewers to defeat a cable-TV lobby.

Similar organizations
Organizations similar to the NAB exist in individual U.S. states, including Georgia Association of Broadcasters (GAB) in Georgia, and the Illinois Broadcasters Association (IBA), in Illinois. In Canada, the Canadian Association of Broadcasters (CAB) has a similar role.

Answer: As of 2022, the president and CEO of the NAB is Curtis LeGeyt


Instruction: What singer has had a Billboard No. 1 hit in each of the last four decades?

Answer: Mariah Carey


Instruction: Write a diary entry about a real life incident on your recent trip with your family

Answer: It was a sunny afternoon when we went hiking at Latourell falls as a family. When we were climbing down suddenly we found a snake and a salamander on the trail. The snake attacked the salamander. The salamander fought back but the snake ate it. My son saw the scene and felt so sad. We explained to him that it was nature's way of keeping the balance.


Instruction:
Which of the following are beach wear vs what one would wear on a cold winter trek? If there are common items, create a third category called 'Common':

Socks
Hats
Neck gaiter
Sunglasses
Swimsuits
Undershirts
Cover-ups
Down jacket
Trek poles
Water Shoes
Beanie
Sandals

Answer:
Beach wear:
Swimsuits
Cover-ups
Sandals
Water Shoes

Cold winter trek wear:
Neck gaiter
Down jacket
Beanie
Trek poles

Common:
Socks
Hats
Sunglasses
Undershirts


Instruction: What is the United States Bill of Rights?

Context:
The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the often bitter 1787–88 debate over the ratification of the Constitution and written to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution are reserved to the states or the people. The concepts codified in these amendments are built upon those in earlier documents, especially the Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776), as well as the Northwest Ordinance (1787), the English Bill of Rights (1689), and Magna Carta (1215).

Largely because of the efforts of Representative James Madison, who studied the deficiencies of the Constitution pointed out by anti-federalists and then crafted a series of corrective proposals, Congress approved twelve articles of amendment on September 25, 1789, and submitted them to the states for ratification. Contrary to Madison's proposal that the proposed amendments be incorporated into the main body of the Constitution (at the relevant articles and sections of the document), they were proposed as supplemental additions (codicils) to it. Articles Three through Twelve were ratified as additions to the Constitution on December 15, 1791, and became Amendments One through Ten of the Constitution. Article Two became part of the Constitution on May 5, 1992, as the Twenty-seventh Amendment. Article One is still pending before the states.

Although Madison's proposed amendments included a provision to extend the protection of some of the Bill of Rights to the states, the amendments that were finally submitted for ratification applied only to the federal government. The door for their application upon state governments was opened in the 1860s, following ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment. Since the early 20th century both federal and state courts have used the Fourteenth Amendment to apply portions of the Bill of Rights to state and local governments. The process is known as incorporation.

There are several original engrossed copies of the Bill of Rights still in existence. One of these is on permanent public display at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.

Answer: The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the often bitter 1787–88 debate over the ratification of the Constitution and written to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution are reserved to the states or the people. The concepts codified in these amendments are built upon those in earlier documents, especially the Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776), as well as the Northwest Ordinance (1787), the English Bill of Rights (1689), and the Magna Carta (1215).


Instruction:
Classify the below as food or drinks.
Fish, Meat, Salad, Apple, Lemonade, Coffee, Tea

Answer:
Food - Fish, Meat, Salad, Apple
Drinks - Lemonade, Coffee, Tea


Instruction: Extract all unique names from the provided paragraphs separated by comma.

Context: Neville shows to Det. Delroy a recently shot love scene between Keefe and Elaine, willingly pointing out a spousicide-related detail which compromises the already delicate position of the young widower. In light of this new evidence, Delroy tells the director that he will arrest the young man very soon. Neville telephones Keefe to warn him, telling him to come to his house at a certain time. The director also calls Elaine to his home, where he attempts to recreate the night of Andrea's murder, this time using Elaine. Det. Vickers watches Elaine enter the director's house from the street, but he misses Keefe, who breaks in through a window. He disrupts the liaison by pulling plug fuses out of the breaker box, shutting off the lights. Detective Vickers notices the lights shut off from the street and unsuccessfully tries to break in. In the house, Neville attacks Keefe with a pair of scissors, and the two struggle. Keefe throws Neville over a balcony, and he lands in an indoor fountain below together with a light. Simultaneously, Elaine restores electricity to the house, unknowingly electrocuting Neville to death.

Answer: Neville, Delroy, Keefe, Elaine, Andrea, Vickers


Instruction: Why does the Earth revolve around the Sun?

Answer: The Earth revolves around the Sun due to gravity. The more mass an object has, the greater its gravitational pull on other objects. The most massive object in the solar system is the sun, which is actually one of the larger yellow dwarf stars in the universe. With a mass of 1.98892 x 10 to the 30th power kilograms, the sun has approximately 333,000 times more mass than Earth. Because the gravitational pull of the sun is so much more than the Earth's gravitational pull, the Earth is forced into an orbit around the sun.


Instruction: What are some of the highest quality, full flavored cigars I can buy in the united states?

Answer:
Due to the US embargo banning importation of products from Cuba in the mid 20th century, the storied Cuban cigar has not been able to be legally purchased by US consumers.With that said, there are numerous highly regarded cigar makers in countries like Nicargua, the Dominican Republic, and Honduras whose cigars rival the best Cuban cigars, many of them full flavored. Here are a few options to consider:

Arturo Fuente Opus X - this is a highly complex, highly sought after, full-flavored cigar from the Dominican Republic that retails for ~$25 for a single, making it an expensive choice for a regular cigar smoker. With that said, it is near the top of the list of favorites for most cigar aficianados.

Padron Serie 1926 - this is a creamy, chocolatey cigar from Nicaragua that retails for around $17, making it a slightly more affordable option, though still a premium selection. These are produced in higher volume than the Opus, which makes them easier to fine.

Ashton VSG - this is a Dominican cigar, with VSG standing for "Virgin Sun Grown." The flavor profile is very unique due to the sun grown wrapper. These are about $13 for a single at retail depending on size.

There are dozens of reputable cigar makers making thousands of cigars, but those above are longstanding staples of many avid cigar smokers in the US.


Instruction: how to become fit

Answer: Getting fit is a journey than just a milestone. It starts with maintaining a positive attitude, healthy lifestyle comprising of good eating habits, good sleep cycle and an active lifestyle. If you are trying to get fit, start with making small life style changes like including walking, running, a sport, an exercise routine or any activity that you think is fun in your every day life. Apart from that eat healthy and get good sleep for your body & mind to rest and recover.  Most importantly remember that there are no short cuts or a quick solution to getting fit. So start you journey today and enjoy yourself.


Instruction: How do you check the weather on an iPhone?

Answer: Open the "Weather" app. Also, you can set a Weather widget on your home screen. To do this, long-press the home screen.


Instruction: Can you generate a 2 lines abstract of this text?

Context:
In physics, gravity (from Latin gravitas 'weight') is a fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between all things with mass or energy. Gravity is, by far, the weakest of the four fundamental interactions, approximately 1038 times weaker than the strong interaction, 1036 times weaker than the electromagnetic force and 1029 times weaker than the weak interaction. As a result, it has no significant influence at the level of subatomic particles. However, gravity is the most significant interaction between objects at the macroscopic scale, and it determines the motion of planets, stars, galaxies, and even light.

On Earth, gravity gives weight to physical objects, and the Moon's gravity is responsible for sublunar tides in the oceans (the corresponding antipodal tide is caused by the inertia of the Earth and Moon orbiting one another). Gravity also has many important biological functions, helping to guide the growth of plants through the process of gravitropism and influencing the circulation of fluids in multicellular organisms. Investigation into the effects of weightlessness has shown that gravity may play a role in immune system function and cell differentiation within the human body.

The gravitational attraction between the original gaseous matter in the universe allowed it to coalesce and form stars which eventually condensed into galaxies, so gravity is responsible for many of the large-scale structures in the universe. Gravity has an infinite range, although its effects become weaker as objects get farther away.

Gravity is most accurately described by the general theory of relativity (proposed by Albert Einstein in 1915), which describes gravity not as a force, but as the curvature of spacetime, caused by the uneven distribution of mass, and causing masses to move along geodesic lines. The most extreme example of this curvature of spacetime is a black hole, from which nothing—not even light—can escape once past the black hole's event horizon However, for most applications, gravity is well approximated by Newton's law of universal gravitation, which describes gravity as a force causing any two bodies to be attracted toward each other, with magnitude proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Answer: In general physics theory (Newton), Gravity is a mutual attraction between objects based on their respective masses and the square of the distance which separates them. In the relativity theory (Einstein), it's a curvature of the spacetime generated by the objects themselves.


Instruction: What birds can I find in San Francisco?

Answer:
You can find many birds in San Francisco, especially in parks like Golden Gate Park and the Lands End. Some of the birds you might find include:

- American Crow
- Anna's Hummingbird
- Red-tailed Hawk
- Steller's Jay
- Chestnut-backed Chickadee
- Red-winged Blackbird
- Dark-eyed Junco
- Acorn Woodpecker
- House finch
- American Robin
- Song Sparrow


Instruction: What is one of your favorite hobbies?

Answer: I'm an avid reader, especially of audiobooks. I read or listen to more than a book a week, and will dabble in a lot of different genres. I've recently been reading a lot of sci-fi and fantasy, but also enjoy a good biography, military history, sociological, or general work of fiction as long as they are well written.


Instruction: What are some of the greatest rock bands of all time?

Answer: The Rolling Stones, The Beatles, and Led Zeppelin


Instruction: Greta Thunberg is a Swedish Environmental activist has donated the  Prize  money of 1 million Euros for what cause?

Answer: Environment and climate change


Instruction: What does Korla stand for?

Context:
Korla, also known as Kurla or from Mandarin Chinese as Ku'erle or Kuerle, is the second largest city in Xinjiang. It is a county-level city and the seat of the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, the largest prefecture of China.

Korla has existed since at least the Han Dynasty. Korla is known for its production of fragrant pears and is a production center for the Tarim oil fields.

Answer: Korla is the second largest city in Xinjiang, China. It is also known as Kurla or Kuerle. It is located in the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. It is known for fragrant pears and oil fields.


Instruction: Tell me how many final fours purdue has been to and whether or not they have won any championships

Context:
The Purdue Boilermakers basketball team is a men's college basketball program that competes in NCAA Division I and is a member of the Big Ten Conference.

Purdue basketball holds the most Big Ten regular season championships, with 25. Purdue also holds a winning record against all other Big Ten schools in head-to-head match ups.

The Boilermakers have reached two NCAA Tournament Final Fours and one championship game, but have not won an NCAA Championship. The 1931–32 team was retroactively named a national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation and the Premo-Porretta Power Poll.

Purdue has sent more than 30 players to the NBA, including two overall No. 1 picks in the NBA draft. Purdue has one main rivalry against the Indiana Hoosiers (see Indiana–Purdue Rivalry).

Answer:
The Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball team has reached two NCAA Tournament Final Fours.

While they have not won any national championships, they were retroactively named a national champion in 1932. They have also won 25 Big Ten regular season championships.


Instruction: What is Github Copilot?

Context: GitHub Copilot is a cloud-based artificial intelligence tool developed by GitHub and OpenAI to assist users of Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, Neovim, and JetBrains integrated development environments (IDEs) by autocompleting code. Currently available by subscription to individual developers, the tool was first announced by GitHub on 29 June 2021, and works best for users coding in Python, JavaScript, TypeScript, Ruby, and Go.

Answer: GitHub Copilot is a cloud-based artificial intelligence tool developed by GitHub and OpenAI


Instruction: Tell me which of these are science fiction movies and which are fantasy: Lord of the Rings, Star Trek, Princess Mononoke, the Wheel of Time, District 9

Answer: From your list, the science fiction movies are Star Trek and District 9. The Fantasy movies are Lord of the Rings, Princess Mononoke, and the Wheel of Time.


Instruction: Does a difference in prediction outcomes between two ethnic/gender groups from a credit scoring algorithm constitute a bias in the data collection process or the algorithm itself?

Answer:
I argue that differences in outcomes of credit scoring constitute both a data issue and an algorithmic bias. Let’s first examine the bias in the dataset. I think of the model itself as a black box that generates outputs to fulfill certain objectives – in the case of credit scoring, the objective is the accuracy, recall, and precision of default risk predictions. The model at its untrained version does not discriminate against foreign workers, women, or young people: in fact, it does not conceive of these (socially constructed) labels the way humans do. Yet, the dataset that the model is trained on is fraught with socially constructed biases. For example, social norms cast women as incapable, foreign workers as untrustworthy, and young people as inexperienced, leading to higher unemployment rate and worse living conditions for these groups. Their resulting higher historical default likelihood stems less likely from the demographics-related differences in capability than from the vicious cycles generated by social stereotypes. Stereotypes render datasets biased, which in turns bias the algorithms: given the goal to maximize prediction accuracy, the model learns the “patterns” in the dataset and absorbs the socially constructed differences as a part of its prediction algorithm. Can we blame the algorithm? – After all, the model is constrained to the “history” and has no imaginative capacity for the potential of the historically discriminated groups. Essentially we have a “garbage in, garbage out” scenario caused by the historical and representation biases in the data inputs.

On the other hand, I argue that the outcome differences still constitute an algorithmic bias. I believe that we could still “blame” the model for the objectives and constraints that it has to fulfill (even though we humans lay them down in the first place). As illustrated above, with accuracy as the evaluation metric, the entire prediction/forecast algorithm built on historical datasets is meant to repeat the history without looking for potential or discerning social norms. Does the objective of maximizing accuracy constitute a bias itself? – If we can discern the vicious cycle that is both created by and reifying the socially crafted myths (weak women, reckless youth, and xenophobia), a model that actively learns and propagates certain kinds of societal stereotype should certainly be called out for its bias! However, we hard-wire the models to optimize those goals, and to address the inherent bias in the metrics, we humans are responsible for modifying the objectives and adding appropriate constraints. For example, in the programming assignment we encounter the mitigation technique that rejects predictions within a certain decision boundary. Besides techniques like active rejection, can we add constraints such as promoting the growth of underprivileged groups as an objective? Without these constraints, I would say the outcome differences also constitute an algorithmic bias in the part of objective specification.


Instruction: What did Special Agent Fox Mulder study when he was in university?

Answer: Fox Mulder, a main character on the TV show "The X-Files," studied at Oxford University and majored in psychology.


Instruction: Why do gas prices go high in winter

Answer: Prices in a market economy are driven by Supply and demand. Gas prices typically increase in a market economy in a winter because of increase in demand. Demand increases because people use gas to warm homes and cold weather further increases demand for gas. All this increase in demand means gas prices increase. It is not required that gas prices always increase.


Instruction: Why democracy doesn't works and in old times we had autocracy?

Answer:
Corruption, polarization, and misinformation all have the potential to easily influence democracy, which is a complicated system with many moving parts. It additionally will in general be sluggish and wasteful because of the requirement for agreement building and split the difference among various groups.

On the other hand, because there is no need to engage in a prolonged decision-making process or accommodate divergent viewpoints, autocracy can be more effective and decisive in implementing policies. Singapore, where the government has been able to achieve rapid economic growth and development through strong and centralized leadership, is a good case for autocracy. The nation has an exclusive expectation of living, low degrees of wrongdoing, and a well-working public framework.


Instruction: Which NBA team has won the most championships?

Context: As of 2022, the Eastern Conference/Division led the Western Conference/Division 40–36 in championships won. As of 2022, the Boston Celtics and the Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers have won a combined total of 34 NBA championships (with 17 apiece). As of 2022, the defending champions are the Golden State Warriors.

Answer: As of 2022, the Boston Celtics and the Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers have won a combined total of 34 NBA championships (with 17 apiece).


Instruction: Can you write me a haiku to boost my spirits today?

Answer:
Sunlight streaming through,
Lightning in the sky,
My spirits lift.


Instruction: Tell me which of these is a Country, a City, a River, or a Mountain: New York, Nile, Amazon, Kilimanjaro, USA, Spain, Italy, Rome, Prague, Zurich, France, San Francisco, K2, Buenos Aires, Brazil, Mount Everest, London, Mekong

Answer:
New York - City
Nile - River
Amazon - River
Kilimanjaro - Mountain
USA - Country
Spain - Country
Italy - Country
Rome - City
Prague - City
Zurich - City
France - Country
San Francisco - City
K2 - Mountain
Buenos Aires - City
Brazil - Country
Mount Everest - Mountain
London - City
Mekong - River


Instruction: What are the first and third eras of aircraft history mentioned in the text below and when did they end? Use a bullet list and the format {Name} ({Year}).

Context:
Flying model craft and stories of manned flight go back many centuries; however, the first manned ascent — and safe descent — in modern times took place by larger hot-air balloons developed in the 18th century. Each of the two World Wars led to great technical advances. Consequently, the history of aircraft can be divided into five eras:

- Pioneers of flight, from the earliest experiments to 1914.
- First World War, 1914 to 1918.
- Aviation between the World Wars, 1918 to 1939.
- Second World War, 1939 to 1945.
- Postwar era, also called the Jet Age, 1945 to the present day.

Answer:
- Pioneers of flight (1914)
- Aviation between the World Wars (1939)


Instruction: Given this paragraph, what is the size in acres of Walt Disney World?

Context: The Walt Disney World Resort, also called Walt Disney World or Disney World, is an entertainment resort complex in Bay Lake and Lake Buena Vista, Florida, United States, near the cities of Orlando and Kissimmee. Opened on October 1, 1971, the resort is operated by Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, a division of The Walt Disney Company. The property covers nearly 25,000 acres (39 sq mi; 101 km2), of which half has been used. The resort comprises four theme parks (Magic Kingdom, Epcot, Disney's Hollywood Studios, and Disney's Animal Kingdom), two water parks (Disney's Blizzard Beach and Disney's Typhoon Lagoon), 31 themed resort hotels, nine non-Disney hotels, several golf courses, a camping resort, and other entertainment venues, including the outdoor shopping center Disney Springs. On October 1, 2021, Walt Disney World started its celebration of its 50-year anniversary which lasted for 18 consecutive months ending on March 31, 2023.

Answer: According to this text, Walt Disney World is 12,500 acres and sits on 25,000 acres of property owned by the company.


Instruction: Does using microwave oven cause cancer?

Answer: No, it is a myth with no scientific validation to this hypothesis. Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation which only heats the water molecules inside your food. As the water heats up the food heats up. Microwave ovens has been in use safely for more than 70 years


Instruction: Classify the following colors as primary or not primary: Red, blue, violet, white, black, green, yellow, orange

Answer: The primary colors are red, blue and green. The non-primary colors are violet, white, black, yellow and orange.


Instruction: Who was Yoshikazu Shirakawa?

Context: Yoshikazu Shirakawa was a Japanese photographer. He is particularly well known for his book Himalayas, published by Harry N. Abrams in 1971.

Answer: Yoshikazu Shirakawa was a Japanese photographer. He is particularly well known for his book Himalayas, published by Harry N. Abrams in 1971. He also wrote The Alps, translated by Max A. Wyss.


Instruction: Given this paragraph about hickory wood, tell me what sporting equipment it might be used for.

Context: Hickory wood is hard, stiff, dense and shock resistant. There are woods stronger than hickory and woods that are harder, but the combination of strength, toughness, hardness, and stiffness found in hickory wood is not found in any other commercial wood. It is used for tool handles, pickaxe handles, bows, wheel spokes, carts, drumsticks, lacrosse stick handles, golf club shafts (sometimes still called hickory stick, even though made of steel or graphite), the bottoms of skis, walking sticks, and for punitive use as a switch (like hazel), and especially as a cane-like hickory stick in schools and use by parents. Paddles are often made from hickory. This property of hickory wood has left a trace in some Native American languages: in Ojibwe, hickory is called mitigwaabaak, a compound of mitigwaab "bow" and the final -aakw "hardwood tree". Due to its grain structure, hickory is more susceptible to moisture absorption than other species of wood, and is therefore more prone to shrinkage, warping or swelling with changes in humidity.

Answer: Hickory wood may be used to make lacrosse stick handles, golf club shafts, and the bottom of skis.


Instruction: Based on this paragraph about Massimo Bray, what language do you think he writes in?

Context: Massimo Bray is an academic publisher and a magazine editor. He was on the editorial board of the Italian Institute of Human Sciences until 1994. He is the cofounder of Notte della Taranta, which is among the most popular music festivals in Europe. He launched a blog on the Italian-language version of the Huffington Post.

Answer: Massimo Bray likely writes in Italian.


Instruction: What state is known as the Lone Star State?

Answer: Texas.


Instruction: Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Chicken, Mandarin duck, Egyptian goose

Answer: Chicken is domesticated, Mandarin duck and Egyptian goose are wild


Instruction: What is the best hand in Texas Hold'em poker?

Answer: The best hand in Texas Hold'em poker is a royal flush. A royal flush is a hand that consists of the following cards all in the same suit: 10, jack, queen, king, ace.


Instruction: Tell me if the following foods would be safe or unsafe for someone with a nut allergy to eat? Peanut butter, eggs, apples, pb&j, carrots, pad thai

Answer: Peanut butter: unsafe, eggs: safe, apples: safe, pb&j: unsafe, carrots: safe, pad thai: unsafe


Instruction: Name the states of Northeast India.

Context:
Northeast India (officially the North Eastern Region (NER)) is the easternmost region of India representing both a geographic and political administrative division of the country. It comprises eight states—Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura (commonly known as the "Seven Sisters"), and the "brother" state Sikkim.
The region shares an international border of 5,182 kilometres (3,220 mi) (about 99 percent of its total geographical boundary) with several neighbouring countries – 1,395 kilometres (867 mi) with Tibet in the north, 1,640 kilometres (1,020 mi) with Myanmar in the east, 1,596 kilometres (992 mi) with Bangladesh in the south-west, 97 kilometres (60 mi) with Nepal in the west, and 455 kilometres (283 mi) with Bhutan in the north-west. It comprises an area of 262,230 square kilometres (101,250 sq mi), almost 8 percent of that of India. The Siliguri Corridor connects the region to the rest of mainland India.
The states of North Eastern Region are officially recognised under the North Eastern Council (NEC), constituted in 1971 as the acting agency for the development of the north eastern states. Long after induction of NEC, Sikkim formed part of the North Eastern Region as the eighth state in 2002. India's Look-East connectivity projects connect Northeast India to East Asia and ASEAN. Guwahati city in Assam is called the Gateway to the North East and is the largest metropolis in North East India.

Answer: Northeast India comprises eight states—Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, and Sikkim.


Instruction: Who is the founder of SpaceX?

Answer: SpaceX, also known as Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, was founded by Elon Musk in 2003 in Segundo California.


Instruction: Who is the all time leading goal scorer for Manchester United?

Answer: The all time leading goal scorer for Manchester United is Wayne Rooney.


Instruction: where is India

Context: India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area and the second-most populous country.

Answer: India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area and the second-most populous country. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia.


Instruction: What is Categorization and Sentiment Analysis

Answer: Categorization and Sentiment Analysis is typically referred in the Customer Experience space where customer interaction data is analyzed to get insights into categories of topics and sentiment associated with those interactions. Some of the use cases that benefit from these insights include Customer Representative/Agent Performance and Training, Workload Management, Product Performance et al


Instruction: When playing golf, categorize each of the following items as "useful" or "useless": Irons, putter, dumbbell, tees, skis, range finder, jeans, kayak.

Answer:
Irons: Useful
Putter: Useful
Dumbbell: Useless
Tees: Useful
Skis: Useless
Range Finder: Useful
Jeans: Useless
Kayak: Useless


Instruction: The Global Climate Emergency report is based on scientific analysis of more than how many years?

Answer: 40 years and the report is call "world scientists" submitted by a group of 11258 scientists


Instruction: What is the difference between pork roll and taylor ham

Answer: Pork roll and taylor ham are both a processed breakfast meat popular primarily in New Jersey. The primary difference between the two is the geographic location of the person talking about it. They are the same meat, but people from Northern New Jersey call it Taylor Ham. If a person is from Southern or Central New Jersey they will call it Pork roll. Either way it is the same breakfast meat


Instruction: What is Unanimous?

Context: Unanimous is a United Kingdom-based game show broadcast on Channel 4 from 27 October 2006 to 15 December 2006. It was based on an American game show titled Unan1mous.

Answer:
Unanimous is a United Kingdom-based game show broadcast on Channel 4 from 27 October 2006 to 15 December 2006. It was based on an American game show titled Unan1mous.

Unanimous: The Fallout, was shown on E4 later at night after Unanimous. It was hosted by comedians Paddy McGuinness and Olivia Lee and featured regular guest Karl Daly, played by Tom Bennett.

The 'Host' of the show was Alex Humes. Although fairly unknown, Humes starred in the reality TV programme Space Cadets, also for Channel 4, where he played one of the Russian pilots. The voice-over for the programme was provided by Phil Gallagher.


Instruction: Which tastes better, red or green grapes?

Answer: Taste. The infamous grocery store dispute often stems from the taste. The superior grape stems from personal preference. Red grapes are often considered sweeter whereas green grapes are sourer


Instruction: Samuel Tilden, Grover Cleveland, Al Gore, and Hillary Clinton share what distinction among U.S. presidential candidates?

Answer: They won the popular vote but lost the electoral college vote


Instruction: What is a snook?

Answer: A snook is an inshore fish species.  They cannot be commercially fished.  If you want to eat a snook, you will need to catch it yourself.  Snook catch limits are highly regulated by Florida fish and wildlife.


Instruction: Add additional details about what chess is

Context: Isidore Censer was a Belgian chess player.

Answer: Isidore Censer was a Belgian chess player.  Chess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of chess pieces in their color, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king.


Instruction: What does a funambulist walk on?

Answer: A Tight Rope


Instruction: What are the three highest peaks in the UK?

Answer: Ben Nevis, Scafell Pike, and Snowdon are the highest mountains in Scotland, England, and Wales.


Instruction: Make a list, using dot points, of the five foods I might find in the dairy section of a supermarket

Answer:
You will likely find the following items in the dairy section at a supermarket:
 - milk
- cheese
- yoghurt
- cream
- eggs


Instruction: Given this paragraph about the prehistory of Sri Lanka, what are the evidence for prehistoric human colonization in Sri Lanka?

Context:
Evidence of human colonization in Sri Lanka appears at the site of Balangoda. Balangoda Man arrived on the island about 125,000 years ago and has been identified as Mesolithic hunter-gatherers who lived in caves. Several of these caves, including the well-known Batadombalena and the Fa Hien Cave, have yielded many artifacts from these people, who are currently the first known inhabitants of the island.

Balangoda Man probably created Horton Plains, in the central hills, by burning the trees in order to catch game. However, the discovery of oats and barley on the plains at about 15,000 BCE suggests that agriculture had already developed at this early date.

Several minute granite tools (about 4 centimetres in length), earthenware, remnants of charred timber, and clay burial pots date to the Mesolithic. Human remains dating to 6000 BCE have been discovered during recent excavations around a cave at Warana Raja Maha Vihara and in the Kalatuwawa area.

Answer: The oldest prehistoric evidence of human colonization in Sri Lanka goes back to about 125,000 years to a man named Balangoda Man. He was a Mesolithic hunter-gatherer who lived in caves. Furthermore, human remains dating back to 6000 BCE have also been found in several cites in the country.


Instruction: Which of these words are homonyms (words that have two meanings): cleave, cotton, red, hungry

Answer: yes, yes, no, no


Instruction: What was Jiang's previous position before becoming the president of China?

Context:
Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003. Jiang was paramount leader of China from 1989 to 2002. He was the core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership, one of four core leaders alongside Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping.

Born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Jiang joined the CCP while he was in college. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he received training at the Stalin Automobile Works in Moscow in the 1950s, later returning to Shanghai in 1962 to serve in various institutes, later being sent between 1970-1972 to Romania as part of an expert team to establish machinery manufacturing plants in the country. After 1979, he was appointed as the vice chair of two commissions by vice premier Gu Mu to oversee the newly-established special economic zones (SEZs). He became the vice minister of the newly-established Ministry of Electronics Industry and a member of the CCP Central Committee in 1982.

Jiang was appointed as the mayor of Shanghai in 1985, later being promoted to its Communist Party secretary, as well as a member of the CCP Politburo, in 1987. Jiang came to power unexpectedly as a compromise candidate following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, when he replaced Zhao Ziyang as CCP general secretary after Zhao was ousted for his support for the student movement. As the involvement of the "Eight Elders" in Chinese politics steadily declined, Jiang consolidated his hold on power to become the "paramount leader" in the country during the 1990s. Urged by Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in 1992, Jiang officially introduced the term "socialist market economy" in his speech during the 14th CCP National Congress held later that year, which accelerated "opening up and reform".

Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial economic growth with the continuation of market reforms. The returning of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom in 1997 and of Macau from Portugal in 1999, and entry into the World Trade Organisation in 2001, were landmark moments of his era. China also witnessed improved relations with the outside world, while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the state. Jiang faced criticism over human rights abuses, including the crackdown on the Falun Gong movement. His contributions to party doctrine, known as the "Three Represents", were written into the CCP constitution in 2002. Jiang gradually vacated his official leadership titles from 2002 to 2005, being succeeded in these roles by Hu Jintao, although he and his political faction continued to influence affairs until much later. On 30 November 2022, Jiang died from leukemia and multiple organ failure in Shanghai.

Answer: He was the mayor of Shanghai and then became Communist Party secretary


Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the diameter of eukaryotic ribosomes.

Context: Prokaryotic ribosomes are around 20 nm (200 Å) in diameter and are composed of 65% rRNA and 35% ribosomal proteins. Eukaryotic ribosomes are between 25 and 30 nm (250–300 Å) in diameter with an rRNA-to-protein ratio that is close to 1. Crystallographic work has shown that there are no ribosomal proteins close to the reaction site for polypeptide synthesis. This suggests that the protein components of ribosomes do not directly participate in peptide bond formation catalysis, but rather that these proteins act as a scaffold that may enhance the ability of rRNA to synthesize protein (See: Ribozyme).

Answer: Eukaryotic ribosomes are between 25 and 30 nm (250–300 Å) in diameter.


Instruction: What are the different methods to open a pomegranate?

Answer:
1 - Vertical cutting: roll the pomegranate over the surface of the cutting board to loosen the seeds; position it in the middle; cut the top (flower) and pop it off; slice it in half vertically along the ridges; cut each of the ridges to create 5 slices and then tear it apart to remove the seeds.
2 - Submerging it in water to remove the seeds: fill a large bowl with cool water; make a shallow cut down the side and use your thumbs to tear it into 2 halves then place them in the water and use your fingers to nudge the seeds free and finally strain the seeds into a bowl.
3 - Removing seeds with a wooden spoon: make a shallow horizontal slice in the middle and tear it into 2 halves; for each half place it seeds side down over a bowl and hit the skin with a wooden spoon for seeds to fall out.


Instruction: What are some common proteins in tacos?

Answer: Tacos can be filled with many types of proteins, such as chicken, ground meat, carnitas (shredded pork), carne asada (steak), fish, shrimp, tofu, black beans, refried beans, or lentils.


Instruction: How can I spend more time with my dog?

Answer:
You can play fetch.
Go on hikes with your dog.
You can train them.
Hide the treats and use snuggle mat to keep their brain and nose activity high.
You can go for leisurely long walks.
Go on a trip with them.
All these would make you spend more time with your pet and care for them and it will improve the bonding.


Instruction: Why do you get dental erosion?

Answer: Dental erosion is caused by dietary factors , physical factors and indigestion and reflux disease. Dietary acids include carbonated drinks, acidic fruits and juices and sweets. Teeth should not be brushed straight after eating , you should wait 30 minutes after eating before brushing.


Instruction: What state was Margaret Hall from?

Context: Margaret Hall (1876 – 1963) was a volunteer for the American Red Cross during World War I and a photographer who captured images of the conflict. Margaret Hall was a native of Newton, Massachusetts. She was from an affluent family and later inherited and ran her father's woolen mill. In 1899, she graduated from Bryn Mawr College with a degree in history and political science. She was a suffragist who marched in the 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession and also participated in the 1913 Ladies Garment Strike.

Answer: Margaret Hall was from Massachusetts.


Instruction: What is hot pot?

Context: Hot pot or hotpot (simplified Chinese: 火锅; traditional Chinese: 火鍋; pinyin: huǒguō; lit. 'fire pot'), also known as soup-food or steamboat, is a dish whereby a heat source placed on the dining table keeps a pot of soup stock simmering, and a variety of Chinese foodstuffs and ingredients are served beside the pot for the diners to put into the hot stock.

Answer: Hot pot is a traditional Chinese dish that you put all kinds of food such as sliced beef/lamp, seafood, vegetables, meatballs into a boiled seasoned soup until they are fully cooked


Instruction: What are the best day trips near San Francisco?

Answer: The San Francisco Bay Area has a number of amazing day trips offering a variety of options.  The wine country is less than an hour away.  Santa Cruz, Monterey & Big Sur are all great escapes to the coastline.  If you are interested in a spa experience Calistoga is full of options.


Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Sleeper or Snoozer

Answer: Sleeper


Instruction: Which fictional LAPD detective is Titus Welliver known for playing?

Context:
Detective Hieronymus "Harry" Bosch is a fictional character created by American author Michael Connelly. Bosch debuted as the lead character in the 1992 novel The Black Echo, the first in a best-selling police procedural series now numbering 24 novels.

The novels are more or less coincident in timeframe with the year in which they were published. Harry, as he is commonly known by his associates, is a veteran police homicide detective with the Los Angeles Police Department. He was named after the 15th-century Dutch artist Hieronymus Bosch.

Titus Welliver portrayed the title character from 2015 to 2021 in Bosch, a television series adapted from the novels, and from 2022 in its spin-off series Bosch: Legacy.

Answer: Titus Welliver played Harry Bosch in the TV series Bosch and also in spin off Bosch:Legacy.


Instruction:
Classify the below companies on whether they belong to India or Taiwan -
HDFC Bank, Infosys, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Pegatron

Answer:
HDFC Bank, Infosys - India
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Pegatron - Taiwan


Instruction: Give me 5 ways to relax for an hour ?

Answer:
Here are a few suggestions
1. Go for a walk outside
2. Catch up on sleep
3. Read a book
4. Watch Netflix
5. Call a friend


Instruction: What is the first letter of every sentence, separated by commas?

Context: YouTube has been led by a CEO since its founding in 2005, and has retained this leadership model even after its acquisition by Google. The current CEO is Neal Mohan, who was appointed on February 16, 2023.

Answer: Y,T


Instruction: What's the best BBQ place in Austin

Answer: Texas BBQ is one of the most famous and popular food choices for both visitors and locals. The Franklin BBQ in Austin gets the highest hypes all these years after former President Obama's visit. Its long waiting line has not pushed foodies and pilgrims away. Other popular but less crowded places includes Terry & Blacks BBQ, County Line, and Rudy's BBQ.


Instruction: is Aadhaar a proof of residence or of citizenship?

Context:
Aadhaar is a 12-digit unique identity number that can be obtained voluntarily by the citizens of India and resident foreign nationals who have spent over 182 days in twelve months immediately preceding the date of application for enrolment, based on their biometric and demographic data. The data is collected by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), a statutory authority established in January 2009 by the Government of India, under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, following the provisions of the Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and other Subsidies, benefits and services) Act, 2016.
Aadhaar is the world's largest biometric ID system. World Bank Chief Economist Paul Romer described Aadhaar as "the most sophisticated ID programme in the world". Considered a proof of residence and not a proof of citizenship, Aadhaar does not itself grant any rights to domicile in India. In June 2017, the Home Ministry clarified that Aadhaar is not a valid identification document for Indians travelling to Nepal and Bhutan.
Prior to the enactment of the Act, the UIDAI had functioned, since 28 January 2009, as an attached office of the Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog). On 3 March 2016, a money bill was introduced in the Parliament to give legislative backing to Aadhaar. On 11 March 2016, the Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and other Subsidies, benefits and services) Act, 2016, was passed in the Lok Sabha.

Answer: Considered a proof of residence and not a proof of citizenship, Aadhaar does not itself grant any rights to domicile in India.


Instruction: Given this paragraph about ESPN's SportsCenter in 2009, in what west coast city did ESPN begin producing it's 1:00 a.m. Eastern Time edition of SportsCenter?

Context: On April 6, 2009 (starting with the 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time edition, which was anchored by Hannah Storm and Sage Steele), SportsCenter debuted a new graphics package that saw the "rundown" graphic – shown during the daytime editions – being shifted to the left side of the screen. On that same date, SportsCenter began producing its 1:00 a.m. Eastern Time edition of SportsCenter live from ESPN's production facilities in the newly constructed L.A. Live complex (just across from the Staples Center) in Los Angeles. The set is virtually identical to the setup at the main facilities in Bristol, and the late-night West Coast broadcast would be produced as simply another edition of the program. Neil Everett and Stan Verrett were appointed as the primary anchors for the Los Angeles-based editions of SportsCenter. A new BottomLine ticker was also unveiled that day on four of the five ESPN networks (ESPN, ESPN2, ESPN Classic and ESPNU); the redesigned ticker was quickly dropped, reverting to the old BottomLine design – which had been in use since April 2003 – due to an equipment failure (however, this ticker was operational for the 2009 NFL Draft and the 2009 NBA draft). After technical issues with the revamped BottomLine were fixed, the new BottomLine was reinstated on July 8.

Answer: Los Angeles is the west coast city that ESPN began producing it's 1:00 a.m. Eastern Time edition of SportsCenter.


Instruction: What kind of game is Binding of Isaac and what platforms can I play it on?

Context:
The Binding of Isaac is a roguelike video game designed by independent developers Edmund McMillen and Florian Himsl. It was released in 2011 for Microsoft Windows, then ported to OS X, and Linux. The game's title and plot are inspired by the Biblical story of the Binding of Isaac. In the game, Isaac's mother receives a message from God demanding the life of her son as proof of her faith, and Isaac, fearing for his life, flees into the monster-filled basement of their home where he must fight to survive. Players control Isaac or one of seven other unlockable characters through a procedurally generated dungeon in a roguelike manner, fashioned after those of The Legend of Zelda, defeating monsters in real-time combat while collecting items and power-ups to defeat bosses and eventually Isaac's mother.

The game was the result of a week-long game jam between McMillen and Himsl to develop a The Legend of Zelda-inspired roguelike that allowed McMillen to showcase his feelings about both positive and negative aspects of religion that he had come to discover from conflicts between his Catholic and born again Christian family members while growing up. McMillen had considered the title a risk but one he could take after the financial success of Super Meat Boy, and released it without much fanfare to Steam in September 2011, not expecting many sales. The game soon gained popularity partially as a result of various Let's Play videos showcasing the title. McMillen and Himsl released an expansion "Wrath of the Lamb" in May 2012, but were limited from further expansion due to limitations with the Flash platform. They had started working with Nintendo in 2012 to release a 3DS version, but Nintendo later backed out of the deal, citing controversy over the game's religious themes.

Developer Nicalis worked with McMillen in 2014 to complete a remake of the game, The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth, bringing additional features that McMillen had planned that exceeded Flash's limitation, as well as to improve the game's graphics and enable ports for other systems beyond personal computers, including PlayStation 4 and Vita, Xbox One, Wii U, Nintendo 3DS, and the Nintendo Switch. This remake has commonly been cited as one of the best roguelike games of all time.

McMillen later worked with James Id to develop The Legend of Bum-bo, which serves as a prequel to The Binding of Isaac.

The Binding of Isaac has been well-received, with critics praising the game's roguelike nature to encourage repeated playthroughs. By July 2014, McMillen reported over 3 million copies had been sold. The game has been said to contribute to renewed interest in the roguelike genre from both players and developers.

Answer: The Binding of Isaac is a roguelike video game that is available to play on several platforms including Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, PlayStation 4/Vita, Xbox One, Wii U, Nintendo 3DS, and the Nintendo Switch.


Instruction: how do i heal my mind

Answer: slow down your breathe


Instruction: What is Categorization and Sentiment Analysis

Answer: Categorization and Sentiment Analysis is typically referred in the Customer Experience space where customer interaction data is analyzed to get insights into categories of topics and sentiment associated with those interactions. Some of the use cases that benefit from these insights include Customer Representative/Agent Performance and Training, Workload Management, Product Performance et al


Instruction: What is constitution?

Answer: A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed


Instruction: Can you write a post advertising a social event for the end of the year?

Answer:
Are you ready to kickstart this incredible Spring?
Come join us in celebrating. Bring your friends, family and whomever else to enjoy fun activities and treats from the city’s finest dessert vendors.

In addition to this great event, make sure to see all of the other incredible programming as we head toward the end of the year!


Instruction: Name some fruits that have yellow or orange skin.

Answer: Bananas, Lemons, Oranges, Nectarines and Apricots all have yellow or orange skin.


Instruction: Which of these are movies that Will Ferrell starred in and which ones did Jim Carrey star in? Elf, Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy, Step Brothers, Megamind, Zoolander, The Mask, Liar Liar, Sonic the Hedgehog, Dumb and Dumber, The Cable Guy, Ace Ventura: Pet Detective

Answer:
Will Ferrell: Elf, Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy, Step Brothers, Megamind, Zoolander
Jim Carrey: The Mask, Liar Liar, Sonic the Hedgehog, Dumb and Dumber, The Cable Guy, Ace Ventura: Pet Detective


Instruction: What rock icon was the founder of The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Long-haired Men?

Answer: David Bowie.


Instruction: Why is lacrosse considered the fastest game on two feet?

Answer: During both mens and women's lacrosse games, the ball moves very quickly over a large field, both by passing between players as well as the players running the ball themselves from the defensive to offense ends of the field.


Instruction: Who was Christopher Columbus?

Answer: Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer and navigator who completed four voyages across the Atlantic ocean. Scholars believe he was born between August 25th and October 31st 1451 and he is know for the expeditions that inaugurated a period of exploration in Europe that resulted in the colonization of many countries in the Americas that lasted for centuries. Many places in the western hemisphere bear his name including Colombia (the country), British Columbia (province in Canada), District of Columbia (capital of the US) and Columbus (city in Ohio). Christopher Columbus died on May 20th, 1506.


Instruction: What is terrain cartography?

Answer: Terrain cartography or relief mapping is the depiction of the shape of the surface of the Earth on a map, using one or more of several techniques that have been developed. Terrain or relief is an essential aspect of physical geography, and as such its portrayal presents a central problem in cartographic design, and more recently geographic information systems and geovisualization.


Instruction: Pultizer Prize 2022 is given which field

Answer: Journalism, Books, Drama and Music


Instruction: What are the biggest cities in Germany?

Answer: The biggest cities in Germany are Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and Cologne. Berlin is the biggest city with almost 3.7 million inhabitants. The second biggest city is Hamburg with 1.9 million inhabitants.


Instruction: Based on this passage, in what field did Raisa earn her PhD?

Context: In June 1955, Gorbachev graduated with a distinction; his final paper had been on the advantages of "socialist democracy" (the Soviet political system) over "bourgeois democracy" (liberal democracy). He was subsequently assigned to the Soviet Procurator's office, which was then focusing on the rehabilitation of the innocent victims of Stalin's purges, but found that they had no work for him. He was then offered a place on an MSU graduate course specializing in kolkhoz law, but declined. He had wanted to remain in Moscow, where Raisa was enrolled in a PhD program, but instead gained employment in Stavropol; Raisa abandoned her studies to join him there.

Answer: Based on this passage, Raisa did not earn a PhD. She abandoned her graduate studies in Moscow in order to join Gorbachev in Stavropol.


Instruction: Who is Maria Ludwiga Michalk?

Context:
Maria Ludwiga Michalk (born 6 December 1949) is a German politician. She was a member of the German Bundestag from 1990 to 1994 and from 2002 to 2017 as a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party.

She was born in Merka in Radibor municipality and attended the local Sorbian high school. She trained as an industrial clerk and then studied business economics at a technical college.

She became a member of the East German Christian Democratic Union (CDU) in 1972. In 1990, she was named to the CDU district council for Bautzen district. In 1990, she was elected to the Volkskammer. She was subsequently elected to the Bundestag later that year. After leaving the Bundestag in 1994, she managed an education centre in Bischofswerda for seven years. In 2002, she was elected to the Bundestag again. In 2016, she announced that she would not run for reelection to the Bundestag in 2017.

Michalk was awarded the Sächsische Verfassungsmedaille and was named to the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Answer: Maria Ludwiga Michalk is a German politician, serving in the German Bundestag from 1990 to 1994 and from 2002 to 2017. She is a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party.


Instruction: What methods of transportation to Dallas are unlikely to be available?

Context: Dallas is the third-largest city in Texas and the largest city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States at 7.5 million people. It is the largest city in and seat of Dallas County with portions extending into Collin, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties. With a 2020 census population of 1,304,379, it is the ninth-most populous city in the U.S. and the third-largest city in Texas after Houston and San Antonio.Located in the North Texas region, the city of Dallas is the main core of the largest metropolitan area in the Southern United States and the largest inland metropolitan area in the U.S. that lacks any navigable link to the sea.

Answer: It is unlikely that traveling to Dallas by boat would be possible because the passage indicates that there is no navigable link to the sea.


Instruction: Which country produces the most pineapples?

Answer: The Philippines produces the most pineapples, followed closely by Costa Rica.


Instruction: Why did Major League Baseball introduce new rules for 2023?

Answer:
Major League Baseball has long grappled with a stigma that its games were boring because they were too long without much action.

There were multiple reasons for games to swell to over 3 hours long on average, but notably were more pitching changes, long delays between pitches, batters who would step out of the batters box between pitches, evolving batter strategies to be home-run or strikeout, and increased coach mound visits.

In 2023, Major League Baseball implemented a number of drastic rule changes in its top flight league that had shortened game times to 2 hours, 30 minutes in lower levels called the Minor Leagues.  These changes included a pitch clock, limiting the number of pickoff attempts.  To increase the amount of offense generated, they eliminated the defensive shift and increased the size of the bases, effectively shortening the distance between bases to encourage more stolen base attempts.

Through the first week of the 2023 season, the average length of game is down to 2 hours, 30 minutes like the Minors, batting averages are up 15 points to .245, and the number of stolen bases doubled in comparison to the year before.


Instruction: What are the best hiking trails near Seattle, Washington?

Answer:
Washington state is famous for breathtaking nature with scenic lakes, enormous mountains, and picturesque ocean views.  Some of the best hiking trails near Seattle, Washington are:
-  Rattlesnake Ledge Trail: in North Bend, Washington only 30 mins away from Seattle. Given how close and beautiful this trail is to the city, no wonder this is one of the most popular hiking trails in Washington. The trail is moderately challenging with 5.3 miles roundtrip and 1,459 ft of elevation. The mountain trail provides 3 levels of panoramic views of Mount Si and Mount Washington looming above RattleSnake lake, which is also a popular swimming and kayaking destination in the summer.
- Wallace Falls via Woody Trail: a 4.9 miles out and back trail near Gold Bar, Washington, less than an hour away from Seattle. It's a scenic trail meandering along the Wallace River, with the lush vegetation and forest moss. You can see the Wallace Falls from 3 view points at Lower Falls, Middle Falls and Upper Falls. Most of the trail to Middle Falls doesn't have much elevation, the substantial elevation gain is between Middle Falls and Upper Falls.
-  Lake 22: in Mount Baker Snoqualmie National Forest, about 2 hours drive from Seattle. Lake Twenty-Two Trail is a beautiful hike to an alpine lake through old growth forests. The trail is challenging with 6.8 miles roundtrip and 1,473 ft of elevation. When you reach the destination, you can loop around the turquoise lake and take in the enormous view of Mount Pilchuck.
-  Colchuck Lake: in Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, near Leavenworth about 3 hours drive from Seattle. It features a beautiful scenery in the Alpine Lakes area of Washington state. The trail is challenging with 8.5 miles round trip and 2,349 ft of elevation. The hike can be technical with steep terrain over boulders and water streams. However, you will be rewarded with a breathtaking view of a emerald blue glacier lake and towering snow mountains.
- From Seattle, visitors can also go to 3 beautiful National Parks with hundreds of trails such as Mount Rainier National Park (ranked 6/59), Olympic National Park (ranked 12/59), and North Cascades National Park (ranked 36/59)


Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Octobass, Bass clarinet

Answer: Bass clarinet is woodwind, Octobass is string.


Instruction: What is the difference between speed and velocity?

Answer: Speed and velocity are different terms. Speed is a measurement of distance over time. Velocity is a measurement of distance over time in a direction. Speed is scalar and can only be positive. Velocity is a vector and can either be positive or negative. For example, an object moving at a speed of 50 km/h tells us only how quickly it is moving but not its direction. An object with a velocity of +50 km/h tells us its speed and that it is moving forwards. Conversely, an object with a velocity of -50 km/h tells us its speed and that it is moving backward.


Instruction: To which family does the Chasenella belong to

Answer: Chasenella is a genus of harvestmen in the family Sclerosomatidae from Borneo.


Instruction: Given this paragraph about the Pearl Mill Village Historic District, tell me where it is located.

Context: Pearl Mill Village Historic District is a national historic district located at Durham, Durham County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 26 contributing residential buildings built by owners of Pearl Cotton Mills. The mill village dwellings are either two-story duplex type built about 1905 or a one-story bungalow constructed about 1924.

Answer: The Pearl Mill Village Historic District is in Durham, North Carolina.


Instruction: What is Pullman National Historical Park?

Context: Pullman National Historical Park is a historic district located in Chicago and was the first model, planned industrial community in the United States. The district had its origins in the manufacturing plans and organization of the Pullman Company and became one of the most well-known company towns in the United States, as well as the scene of the violent 1894 Pullman strike. It was built for George Pullman as a place to produce the famous Pullman sleeping cars.

Answer: Pullman National Historical Park is a historic district located in Chicago and was the first model, planned industrial community in the United States. It was built for George Pullman as a place to produce the famous Pullman sleeping cars.The park was made a national monument by president Barack Obama on February 19, 2015. The district had its origins in the manufacturing plans and organization of the Pullman Company and became one of the most well-known company towns in the United States, as well as the scene of the violent 1894 Pullman strike. During the strike the American Railway Union led by Eugene V. Debs boycotted the company following the panic of 1893 crippling railroad traffic in the United States. Thousands of U.S marshals and army troops were deployed to break up the strike. The strike ultimately changed the American labor landscape showing the power a union could have against an industry.


Instruction: Classify each team as playing in the EPL or La Liga: Barcelona, Tottenham, Brighton, Liverpool, Sevilla, Valencia, Everton

Answer:
Barcelona: La Liga
Tottenham: EPL
Brighton: EPL
Liverpool: EPL
Sevilla: La Liga
Valencia: La Liga
Everton: EPL


Instruction: What are the five smallest countries in Europe?

Answer: The five smallest countries in Europe are Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City, and Liechtenstein.


Instruction: Given this text about Major League Baseball, how many games do teams play in the regular season and how many games are played in the World Series.

Context:
Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization and the oldest major professional sports league in the world.[B] MLB is composed of 30 teams, divided equally between the National League (NL) and the American League (AL), with 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada. Formed in 1876 and 1901 respectively, the NL and AL cemented their cooperation with the National Agreement in 1903. They remained legally separate entities until 2000, when they merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball. MLB is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan. It is considered one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada.

Each team plays 162 games per season, and six teams in each league advance to a four-round postseason tournament that culminates in the World Series, a best-of-seven championship series between the two league champions first played in 1903. The New York Yankees have the most championships: 27. The reigning champions are the Houston Astros, who defeated the Philadelphia Phillies, 4–2, in the 2022 World Series.

Answer: Each team will play 162 games per regular season, with the two top teams playing a best of seven in the World Series Championship.


Instruction: What goes into a credit score?

Answer: In the US, a credit score is based off information given in a credit report. These are analyzed and grouped into five categories: payment history (35%), amounts owed (30%), length of credit history (15%), new credit (10%) and credit mix (10%). Both positive and negative information is gathered in each category.


Instruction: What is the Role of the Fourth Official in Football?

Answer:
The main role of the Fourth Official in football is assisting the referee in his control of the match. All the officials should do so under the FIFA Football Laws of the Game

The 4th Official would officiate if any of the other three match officials (referee or assistant referees) are unable to continue to administer the rules and regulations.


Instruction: Provide a few different ideas for games for 4 adults to play.

Answer: There are a number of popular board games that would be suitable for four adult players. Catan is a popular strategy and resource board game for two to four players, Scrabble is a good option and poker is always a popular game for adults and only requires a pack of playing cards and either poker chips or objects that can be used in place of betting chips, such as buttons.


Instruction: What is an interception in American football? Write your response as if you are American explaining it to a coworker from another country.

Answer: The player that is under center is called the quarterback. His job is to throw or handoff the football to an eligible member of this own team. Usually, the ball is given to the running back, wide receiver, or tide end. An interception occurs when the quarterback throws the football to his intended team mate and a member of the opposing team catches the football instead. When this occurs, the opposing team gains possession of the football and their offense goes out into the field and they have an opportunity to drive the football down the field with the goal of scoring a touchdown or field goal.


Instruction: 5 most unusual ways to use screwdriver

Answer:
to use it to cut coconut
to use it as can opener
to use it as a darts
to use it as a blocker
to use it as a chisel


Instruction: Can you list a few cities that Obama lived in from the below text?

Context:
Barack Hussein Obama II (/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/ (listen) bə-RAHK hoo-SAYN oh-BAH-mə; born August 4, 1961) is an American former politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African-American president of the United States. Obama previously served as a U.S. senator representing Illinois from 2005 to 2008 and as an Illinois state senator from 1997 to 2004, and worked as a civil rights lawyer before holding public office.

Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. After graduating from Columbia University in 1983, he worked as a community organizer in Chicago. In 1988, he enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he was the first black president of the Harvard Law Review. After graduating, he became a civil rights attorney and an academic, teaching constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. Turning to elective politics, he represented the 13th district in the Illinois Senate from 1997 until 2004, when he ran for the U.S. Senate. Obama received national attention in 2004 with his March Senate primary win, his well-received keynote address at the July Democratic National Convention, and his landslide November election to the Senate. In 2008, after a close primary campaign against Hillary Clinton, he was nominated by the Democratic Party for president and chose Joe Biden as his running mate. Obama was elected over Republican nominee John McCain in the presidential election and was inaugurated on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, he was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, a decision that drew a mixture of praise and criticism.

Obama's first-term actions addressed the global financial crisis and included a major stimulus package, a partial extension of George W. Bush's tax cuts, legislation to reform health care, a major financial regulation reform bill, and the end of a major US military presence in Iraq. Obama also appointed Supreme Court justices Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan, the former being the first Hispanic American on the Supreme Court. He ordered the counterterrorism raid which killed Osama bin Laden and downplayed Bush's counterinsurgency model, expanding air strikes and making extensive use of special forces while encouraging greater reliance on host-government militaries.

Answer: Honolulu, Chicago,


Instruction: List the ingredients to make the best Greek salad

Answer:
Salad: Mixed greens, tomato, cucumber, red onion, Kalamata olives, lots of feta cheese, marinated artichoke hearts, hearts of palm, hemp seeds, beets, pink salt, fresh ground black pepper, lots of oregano
Dressing: Olive oil, fresh squeezed lemon juice


Instruction: Given this short paragraph about Belize, how many people live there and what is notable about its population density?

Context: Belize, formerly known as British Honduras, is a Caribbean country located on the northeastern coast of Central America. Belize is bordered on the northwest by Mexico, on the east by the Caribbean Sea, and on the south and west by Guatemala. It has an area of 22,970 square kilometres (8,867 sq mi) and a population of 408,487 (2019). Its mainland is about 290 km (180 mi) long and 110 km (68 mi) wide. It has the lowest population and population density in Central America.

Answer: Belize has a population of 408,487 people and has the lowest population density in Central America.


Instruction: How did Washington become a state?

Context: Washington, officially the State of Washington and often referred to as Washington state to distinguish it from the USA's capital, Washington, D.C., is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. Named for George Washington—the first U.S. president—the state was formed from the western part of the Washington Territory, which was ceded by the British Empire in 1846, by the Oregon Treaty in the settlement of the Oregon boundary dispute. The state is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, Oregon to the south, Idaho to the east, and the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north. It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Olympia is the state capital; the state's largest city is Seattle.

Answer: Washington became the 42nd state of the United States of America in 1889. The United States Congress passed an act enabling the territories of Washington, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana to seek statehood.


Instruction: Where was Mazzy Star formed?

Context:
"Mazzy Star is an American alternative rock band formed in 1988 in Santa Monica, California, from remnants of the group Opal. Founding member David Roback's friend Hope Sandoval became the group's vocalist when Kendra Smith left Opal.

Mazzy Star is best known for the song ""Fade into You"", which brought the band some success in the mid-1990s and was the group's biggest mainstream hit, earning extensive exposure on MTV, VH1, and radio airplay. Roback and Sandoval were the creative center of the band, with Sandoval as lyricist and Roback as composer of the majority of the band's material until his death in Los Angeles on February 24, 2020, from metastatic cancer. Mazzy Star's founding drummer Keith Mitchell, originally part of Opal, died on May 14, 2017 from cancer."

Answer: Mazzy Star was formed in Santa Monica, California in 1988


Instruction: Give me an overview of how promotion and relegation works in the English Premier League

Context:
Competition
There are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the course of a season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, the head-to-head record between the tied teams is taken into consideration (points scored in the matches between the teams, followed by away goals in those matches.) If two teams are still tied, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank.

Promotion and relegation
A system of promotion and relegation exists between the Premier League and the EFL Championship. The three lowest placed teams in the Premier League are relegated to the Championship, and the top two teams from the Championship promoted to the Premier League, with an additional team promoted after a series of play-offs involving the third, fourth, fifth and sixth placed clubs. The number of clubs was reduced from 22 to 20 in 1995, when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted. The top flight had only been expanded to 22 teams at the start of the 1991–92 season – the year prior to the formation of the Premier League.

On 8 June 2006, FIFA requested that all major European leagues, including Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga, be reduced to 18 teams by the start of the 2007–08 season. The Premier League responded by announcing their intention to resist such a reduction. Ultimately, the 2007–08 season kicked off again with 20 teams.

Answer: The bottom 3 teams in the Premier League are relegated to the EFL Championship. The top 2 teams and the winner of a tournament between the 3rd through 6th ranked teams in the EFL Championship are promoted to the Premiere League.


Instruction: What is the standard tuning for a 6 string guitar?

Answer: From the highest tone to the lowest, the tuning of the 6 strings is E B G D A E.


Instruction: How soon should you make coffee after grinding the beans?

Answer: For best results, no matter the brewing method, you should make your coffee within twenty minutes of grinding the coffee beans.


Instruction:
The following are a mix of english and hindi words. separate them out logically:
your
mujhe
lamp
pyaar
tamanna
tomorrow
perhaps
kyunki
how
your
yaar
shade

Answer:
English:
tomorrow
how
your
perhaps
lamp
shade

Hindi:
mujhe
kyunki
yaar
tamanna
pyaar


Instruction: What film released and set in 1985 features Doc Brown's Delorean time machine that takes Marty McFly back to 1955 where he inadvertently prevented his birth by intervening when his mother and father first met and fell in love?

Answer: Back to the Future


Instruction: What are some different festivities people do on Easter?

Answer: Egg hunt, egg dyeing, Easter baskets, photos with the Easter bunny


Instruction: What is the best way to tune a snare drum?

Answer:
The best way to tune a drum depends on which system the drum uses for tension. Newer technologies such as Dialtune's cable tuning system allow a drummer to quickly and evenly tune a drum head by turning separate dials for the top and bottom head.

Traditional lug and tension rod drums use a drum key and require more attention to detail. For these drums, start by getting all tension rods finger-tight. Bring the snare drum up to tension with a full turn of a drum key of each one, moving in a star pattern around the drum. Use a drumstick to tap around the drum by each tension rod and listen for a consistent sound.

Once you have the overall sound in the range you’re looking for, test the pitch by tapping around the drum. For the snare’s resonant head, detune it like the batter head. Tune it ‘tabletop tight’: so flat you could confidently rest a drink on it (don’t do this, though). Bring up each tension rod another quarter turn. You want to hear the wires, but not so much that it overwhelms the attack. Tap the head beside each tension rod, then start to even out the pitch with the tension rods so they all match.


Instruction: Given the reference text about Rafael Nadal, tell me how many singles grand slam titles he has won, which grand slam tournament he has won the most, and the main strength of his tennis game.

Context:
Rafael Nadal Parera (Catalan: [rəf(ə)ˈɛl nəˈðal pəˈɾeɾə], Spanish: [rafaˈel naˈðal paˈɾeɾa]; born 3 June 1986) is a Spanish professional tennis player. He is currently ranked world No. 14 in singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). He has been ranked world No. 1 for 209 weeks, and has finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. He also holds the record for most consecutive weeks in the Top 10 of the ATP Rankings, having never left the Top 10 from April 2005 to March 2023, a total of 912 weeks. Nadal has won a joint-record 22 Grand Slam men's singles titles, including a record 14 French Open titles. He has won 92 ATP singles titles, including 36 Masters titles, with 63 of these on clay courts. Nadal is one of only two men to complete the Career Golden Slam in singles. His 81 consecutive wins on clay is the longest single-surface win streak in the Open Era.

For over a decade, Nadal has dominated men's tennis along with Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic as the Big Three, collectively considered by many to be the three greatest male tennis players of all time. At the start of his professional career, Nadal became one of the most successful teenagers in ATP Tour history, reaching the world No. 2 ranking and winning 16 titles before turning 20, including his first French Open and six Masters events. Nadal became the world No. 1 for the first time in 2008 after defeating Federer in a historic Wimbledon final, his first major victory off clay. He followed up his win with an Olympic singles gold at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. After defeating Djokovic in the 2010 US Open final, then-24-year-old Nadal became the youngest man in the Open Era to achieve the Career Grand Slam, and the first man to win majors on three different surfaces (hard, grass, and clay) in the same year (Surface Slam).

After two injury-plagued seasons, Nadal made a stellar return in one of the greatest comeback seasons of all time in 2013; reaching 14 finals, winning two majors and five Masters events including the US Open Series sweep (Summer Slam). He continued his dominance at the French Open, securing six titles, two US Open titles, an Australian Open title, and an Olympic doubles gold at the 2016 Rio Olympics with Marc López. Nadal surpassed his joint-record with Djokovic and Federer for the most major men's singles titles at the 2022 Australian Open, and became one of four men in history to complete the double Career Grand Slam in singles. He appeared in the Top 10 of the ATP rankings continuously from April 2005 to March 2023 – a record spanning 18 years.

As a vigorous left-handed player, one of Nadal's main strengths is his forehand, which he hits with extremely heavy topspin at difficult angles. He is one of the best at breaking serve, regularly appearing among the tour leaders in percentage of return games, return points, and break points won. Nadal has won the Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award five times, and was the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year in 2011 and 2021. He is also a recipient of the Grand Cross of the Order of Dos De Mayo, the Grand Cross of Naval Merit, and the Medal of the City of Paris. Representing Spain, he has won two Olympic gold medals, and led the nation to four Davis Cup titles. Nadal has also opened a tennis academy in Mallorca, and is an active philanthropist.

Answer:
Rafael Nadal has won 22 singles grand slam titles. The majority of his grand slam wins have been at the French Open, where he has won 14 times.

The main strength of his tennis game is his forehand because of his ability to hit the ball with extremely heavy topspin at difficult angles.


Instruction: What is a short hiking trail in Tiburon?

Answer: One short hiking trail in Tiburon, California is off Gilmartin Drive. It's easy to spot but unmarked! The trail is a local favorite and takes you to an overlook with views of San Francisco and the Golden Gate Bridge. You can check out the views while swinging from Hippie Tree, the giant eucalyptus tree.


Instruction: Can you suggest 5 benefits of Genetical modification technologies like CRISPR ?

Answer:
1.Treating diseases in Humans and animals
2. Developing new drugs
3. Growing agricultural crops
4. Developing new cancer treatments
5. Identifying and treating In Vitro problems


Instruction: What are some good rainy day activities?

Answer: Watching a movie, baking, knitting, drawing, coloring, organizing your closet, organizing your kitchen cabinets, getting rid of clutter around the house, painting a picture, cleaning ceiling fans and baseboards


Instruction: here is a blurb about byte pair encoding for encryption, what benefits does this concept have besides compression?

Context:
Byte pair encoding (BPE) or digram coding is a simple and robust form of data compression in which the most common pair of contiguous bytes of data in a sequence are replaced with a byte that does not occur within the sequence. A lookup table of the replacements is required to rebuild the original data. The algorithm was first described publicly by Philip Gage in a February 1994 article "A New Algorithm for Data Compression" in the C Users Journal.

A variant of the technique has shown to be useful in several natural language processing (NLP) domains, for applications such as tokenisation, as seen in Google's SentencePiece and OpenAI's GPT-3. Here, the goal is not data compression, but tokenisation of text in a given language to produce a variable sequence of terms from a fixed-size vocabulary of tokens. Typically, most words will be encoded as a single token, while rare words will be encoded as a sequence of a few tokens, where these tokens represent meaningful word parts. This translation of text into tokens can be found by variants of byte pair encoding, such as subword units.

Byte pair encoding lends itself to NLP tasks due to its simplicity and speed; BPE is suitably effective for the tokenisation of terms, does not require large computational overheads, and remains consistent, making it reliable.

Answer: An alternate use for byte pair encoding besides compression would be tokenization.  Tokenization can be used in Natural Language Processing to encode tokens of words for simplicity and speed in NLP tasks.


Instruction: Compared to a human, categorize the following as fast or slow animals: sloth, cheetah, eagle, tortoise, hippo, slug, horse.

Answer: A sloth, tortoise and slug are all slower than a sprinting human. If traveling at top speed, a cheetah, eagle, hippo, and horse are all faster than a sprinting human.


Instruction: What is the best way to evaluate the performance of my marketing spend?

Answer: The primary purpose for evaluating the performance of marketing spend tends to be toward informing decisions around how to reallocate that marketing spend in future periods, in order to improve business performance overall. In this regard, we can look at this problem as a decision support problem space. Historically, marketers have used a range of approaches ranging from marketing mix modeling, to marketing attribution, to controlled experiments, and more. None of these approaches are perfect, but a combination of these approaches combined with a rigorous decision feedback loop (e.g. in the spirit of the Observe, Oriented, Decide, Act loop) can help marketers improve their marketing performance management, and hence their marketing performance, over time.


Instruction: What are the names of the three largest United States Virgin Islands?

Answer: St. Croix, St. John, and St. Thomas.


Instruction: List top 5 people with most medals in the olympics

Answer:
1. Michael Phelps - 28 medals
2. Larisa Latynina - 18 medals
3. Marit Bjorgen - 15 medals
4. Nikolai Andrianov - 15 medals
5. Ole Einar Bjorndalen - 13 medals


Instruction: Who wins the point in tennis?

Context: Tennis is a racket sport that is played either individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles). Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court. The object of the game is to manoeuvre the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return. The player who is unable to return the ball validly will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.

Answer: A player who can return the ball validly when the opposite player unable to return it.


Instruction: Which of the following are appropriate for a Black Tie dress code? A tuxedo, a blue suit, a loose sundress, a formal floor length gown?

Answer: A tuxedo and a formal floor length gown


Instruction: From the passage note down the various celebrities who joined TikTok . List the results in comma separated format.

Context:
ByteDance planned on Douyin expanding overseas. The founder of ByteDance, Zhang Yiming, stated that "China is home to only one-fifth of Internet users globally. If we don't expand on a global scale, we are bound to lose to peers eyeing the four-fifths. So, going global is a must."

The app was launched as TikTok in the international market in September 2017. On 23 January 2018, the TikTok app ranked first among free application downloads on app stores in Thailand and other countries.

TikTok has been downloaded more than 130 million times in the United States and has reached 2 billion downloads worldwide, according to data from mobile research firm Sensor Tower (those numbers exclude Android users in China).

In the United States, celebrities, including Jimmy Fallon and Tony Hawk, began using the app in 2018. Other celebrities, including Jennifer Lopez, Jessica Alba, Will Smith, and Justin Bieber joined TikTok as well as many others.

In January 2019, TikTok allowed creators to embed merchandise sale links into their videos.

On 3 September 2019, TikTok and the U.S. National Football League (NFL) announced a multi-year partnership. The agreement occurred just two days before the NFL's 100th season kick-off at Soldier Field, where TikTok hosted activities for fans in honor of the deal. The partnership entails the launch of an official NFL TikTok account, which is to bring about new marketing opportunities such as sponsored videos and hashtag challenges. In July 2020, TikTok, excluding Douyin, reported close to 800 million monthly active users worldwide after less than four years of existence.

Answer: Jimmy Fallon, Tony Hawk, Jennifer Lopez, Jessica Alba, Will Smith, Justin Bieber


Instruction: Tell me which sport of ice hockey or baseball these positions belong: outfielder, pitcher, left winger, forward, right fielder, goalie, catcher, third baseman, left defenseman

Answer:
Ice Hockey Positions: left winger, forward, goalie, left defenseman
Baseball Positions: outfielder, pitcher, right fielder, catcher, third baseman


Instruction: What’s the best way to cook scrambled eggs?

Answer: Heat a pan to medium heat and melt some butter. Crack eggs into the pan and break the yolk so that the mixture in the pan has a nice variation. Continue slowly stirring the eggs. Every 30 seconds, remove the pan from the heat. Then return to the heat for 30 seconds. Continue this process and continue stirring until the eggs reach your preferred consistency.


Instruction: What is Schalke 04 famous for?

Context: Fußballclub Gelsenkirchen-Schalke 04 e. V., commonly known as FC Schalke 04 (German: [ɛf tseː ˈʃalkə nʊl fiːɐ̯] (listen)), Schalke 04 (German: [ˌʃalkə nʊl ˈfiːɐ̯] (listen)), or abbreviated as S04 (German: [ˈɛs nʊl fiːɐ̯] (listen)), is a professional German football and multi-sports club originally from the Schalke district of Gelsenkirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia. The "04" in the club's name derives from its formation in 1904. Schalke have been one of the most popular professional football teams in Germany, even though the club's heyday was in the 1930s and 1940s. Schalke have played in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system, since 2022, following promotion from the 2. Bundesliga in 2021–22. As of 2022, the club has 160,000 members, making it the second-largest football club in Germany and the fourth-largest club in the world in terms of membership. Other activities offered by the club include athletics, basketball, handball, table tennis, winter sports and eSports.

Answer: FC Schalke 04 (full name Fußballclub Gelsenkirchen-Schalke 04 e. V. ) is a German football and multi-sports club that was founded in 1904 in Gelsenkirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club won seven times the German Championship, five times the German Cup / DFB-Pokal and 1997 the UEFA-CUP, when it beat Inter Milan in the finals. The club receives from football fans all over the world renown for its youth academy, which constantly develops famous players. Benedikt Höwedes, Manuel Neuer and Mesut Özil, who won the World Cup with Germany in 2014, were formed in the Schalke 04 youth academy. Since 2011 the youth academy is called Knappenschmiede in reference to the mining industry that was very strong in the past in the area of Western Germany. A Knappe is a miner after completion of his apprenticeship.


Instruction: What is the smallest country in the world?

Answer: The smallest country in the world is Vatican City, with an area of less than .5 square kilometers. It is fully encircled by the Italian capital of Rome, and has existed as a sovereign nation since 1929. Due to its small size it is considered to be a microstate.


Instruction: What is a tender?

Answer: If an organization asks firms to send in tenders to supply something, they are asking for firm written offers to do the work to an agreed standard and at a stated price.


Instruction: Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: Mini, RAM

Answer: RAM is American, Mini is British


Instruction: Why are cats better than dogs?

Answer: Cats are much better pets than dogs. Cats are softer and fluffier and prefer the company of their owner. Dogs just enjoy the company of any human. Cats also are much lower maintenance and don't require multiple walks per day or that you pick up their poop while it's warm. Cats clean up their own waste. Cats are the best pets.


Instruction: Who directed the episode of Game of Thrones where Jon Snow and Tormund Giantsbane go to ask the wildlings to settle beyond the Wall, but end up encountering White Walkers and the Night King?

Answer: Season five, episode eight entitled "Hardhome"


Instruction: Why are the New England Patriots the greatest NFL team ever?

Answer: The New England Patriots dominance over the NFL has never been matched.  They have had the longest duration of success lasting over 20 years.  Since 2001 they have made the playoffs 18 times, winning the Division 17 times, winning the AFC championship 9 times and winning the Super Bowl 6 times