Instruction: From the passage list down the location of Visa data centers. List the results in semi colon separated format.

Context:
Visa Inc. (/ˈviːzə, ˈviːsə/; stylized as VISA) is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in San Francisco, California. It facilitates electronic funds transfers throughout the world, most commonly through Visa-branded credit cards, debit cards and prepaid cards. Visa is one of the world's most valuable companies.

Visa does not issue cards, extend credit or set rates and fees for consumers; rather, Visa provides financial institutions with Visa-branded payment products that they then use to offer credit, debit, prepaid and cash access programs to their customers. In 2015, the Nilson Report, a publication that tracks the credit card industry, found that Visa's global network (known as VisaNet) processed 100 billion transactions during 2014 with a total volume of US$6.8 trillion.

Visa was founded in 1958 by Bank of America (BofA) as the BankAmericard credit card program. In response to competitor Master Charge (now Mastercard), BofA began to license the BankAmericard program to other financial institutions in 1966. By 1970, BofA gave up direct control of the BankAmericard program, forming a cooperative with the other various BankAmericard issuer banks to take over its management. It was then renamed Visa in 1976.

Nearly all Visa transactions worldwide are processed through the company's directly operated VisaNet at one of four secure data centers, located in Ashburn, Virginia; Highlands Ranch, Colorado; London, England; and Singapore. These facilities are heavily secured against natural disasters, crime, and terrorism; can operate independently of each other and from external utilities if necessary; and can handle up to 30,000 simultaneous transactions and up to 100 billion computations every second.

Visa is the world's second-largest card payment organization (debit and credit cards combined), after being surpassed by China UnionPay in 2015, based on annual value of card payments transacted and number of issued cards. However, because UnionPay's size is based primarily on the size of its domestic market in China, Visa is still considered the dominant bankcard company in the rest of the world, where it commands a 50% market share of total card payments.

Answer: Ashburn, Virginia; Highlands Ranch, Colorado; London, England; Singapore


Instruction: Why are drill jigs less commonly used today than they were in the past?

Context:
A drill jig is a type of jig that expedites repetitive hole center location on multiple interchangeable parts by acting as a template to guide the twist drill or other boring device into the precise location of each intended hole center. In metalworking practice, typically a hardened drill bushing lines each hole on the jig plate to keep the tool from damaging the jig.

Drill jigs started falling into disuse with the invention of the jig borer.

Since the widespread penetration of the manufacturing industry by CNC machine tools, in which servo controls are capable of moving the tool to the correct location automatically, the need for drill jigs (and for the jobs of the drill press operators who used them) is much less than it used to be.

Answer: Because of CNC machine tooling, which automate much of the drilling process


Instruction: Can birds sleep in the air?

Answer: The sooty tern only lands to breed and rear its young. It eats, sleeps, and drinks while flying and can stay airborne for ten years! An albatross also sleeps while it flies! It can doze while cruising at 25mph.


Instruction: What do giant Pandas eats?

Context: The giant panda is a bear species endemic to China. It is a Carnivora, the giant panda is a folivore, with bamboo shoots and leaves making up more than 99% of its diet.

Answer: the giant panda is a folivore, with bamboo shoots and leaves making up more than 99% of its diet.


Instruction: Based on the following passage, extract recorded instructions for housekeepers from around 100 BC.

Context:
Traditional dried fruit such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots and apples have been a staple of Mediterranean diets for millennia. This is due partly to their early cultivation in the Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt. Drying or dehydration also happened to be the earliest form of food preservation: grapes, dates, and figs that fell from the tree or vine would dry in the hot sun. Early hunter-gatherers observed that these fallen fruit took on an edible form, and valued them for their stability as well as their concentrated sweetness.
The earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC, which contain what are probably the oldest known written recipes. These clay slabs, written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia, were inscribed in cuneiform and tell of diets based on grains (barley, millet, wheat), vegetables and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, pomegranates, and grapes. These early civilizations used dates, date juice evaporated into syrup and raisins as sweeteners. They included dried fruits in their breads for which they had more than 300 recipes, from simple barley bread for the workers to very elaborate, spiced cakes with honey for the palaces and temples.
The date palm was one of the first cultivated trees. It was domesticated in Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago. It grew abundantly in the Fertile Crescent and it was so productive (an average date palm produces 50 kg (100 lbs) of fruit a year for 60 years or more) that dates were the cheapest of staple foods. Because they were so valuable, they were well recorded in Assyrian and Babylonian monuments and temples. The villagers in Mesopotamia dried them and ate them as sweets. Whether fresh, soft-dried or hard-dried, they helped to give character to meat dishes and grain pies. They were valued by travelers for their energy and were recommended as stimulants against fatigue.
Figs were also prized in early Mesopotamia, Palestine, Israel, and Egypt where their daily use was probably greater than or equal to that of dates. As well as appearing in wall paintings, many specimens have been found in Egyptian tombs as funerary offerings. In Greece and Crete, figs grew very readily and they were the staple of poor and rich alike, particularly in their dried form.
Grape cultivation first began in Armenia and the eastern regions of the Mediterranean in the 4th century BC. Raisins were produced by drying grapes in the hot desert sun. Very quickly, viticulture and raisin production spread across northern Africa including Morocco and Tunisia. The Phoenicians and the Egyptians popularized the production of raisins, probably due to the perfect arid environment for sun drying. They put them in jars for storage and allotted them to the different temples by the thousands. They also added them to breads and various pastries, some made with honey, some with milk and eggs.
From the Middle East, these fruits spread through Greece to Italy where they became a major part of the diet. Ancient Romans consumed raisins in spectacular quantities and at all levels of society, including them as a key part of their common meals, along with olives and fresh fruits. Raisined breads were common for breakfast and were consumed with their grains, beans, and cultured milks. Raisins were so valued that they transcended the food realm and became rewards for successful athletes, as well as premium barter currency.
Having dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: "She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year."
Figs were also extremely popular in Rome. Dried figs were added to bread and formed a major part of the winter food of country people. They were rubbed with spices such as cumin, anise and fennel seeds, or toasted sesame, wrapped in fig leaves and stored in jars. Today, major producing regions include Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza and many other Arabic countries. Dried figs are rich in vitamins, phosphorus and various other important minerals.
Plums, apricots and peaches had their origins in Asia. They were domesticated in China in the 3rd millennium BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were also very popular, fresh and dried alike. They arrived in Greece and Italy much later and were very expensive but valued in the preparation of gourmet dishes with port or stewed with honey and spices.

Answer: Having dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: "She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year."


Instruction: Given the reference text about the genus Banksia, tell me how many species of Banksia there are and what size they can grow to.

Context: Banksia is a genus of around 170 species in the plant family Proteaceae. These Australian wildflowers and popular garden plants are easily recognised by their characteristic flower spikes, and fruiting "cones" and heads. Banksias range in size from prostrate woody shrubs to trees up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall. They are found in a wide variety of landscapes: sclerophyll forest, (occasionally) rainforest, shrubland, and some more arid landscapes, though not in Australia's deserts.

Answer: There are around 170 species of Banksia. Banksias range in size from prostrate woody shrubs to trees up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall.


Instruction: Classify each of the following as either a stringed instrument or a percussion instrument: violin, guitar, drums, congas, bongos, bass guitar.

Answer: The violin, guitar and bass guitar are stringed instruments. Drums, congas, and bongos are percussion instruments.


Instruction: Given these paragraphs about Natural hydrogen, can you name some of the countries where sources have been identified?

Context:
Natural hydrogen (known as white hydrogen), is naturally occurring molecular hydrogen on or in Earth (as opposed to hydrogen produced in the laboratory or in industry). The name white hydrogen distinguishes it from green hydrogen, which is produced from renewable energy sources, and from grey, brown or black hydrogen, which is obtained from fossil sources or from the electrolysis of water. Natural hydrogen may be renewable, non-polluting and allows for lower cost operation compared to industrial hydrogen. Natural hydrogen has been identified in many source rocks in areas beyond the sedimentary basins where oil companies typically operate.

Origin of natural hydrogen
There are several sources of natural hydrogen:

- degassing of deep hydrogen from the Earth's crust and mantle;
- reaction of water with ultrabasic rocks (serpentinisation);
- contact of water with reducing agents in the Earth's mantle;
- interaction of water with freshly exposed rock surfaces (weathering);
- decomposition of hydroxyl ions in the structure of minerals;
- Natural radiolysis of water;
- decomposition of organic matter;
- biological activity
- Extraction
- Natural hydrogen is extracted from wells, mixed with other gases such as nitrogen or helium.

Several sources have been identified in France. Geologists Alain Prinzhofer and Eric Derville have demonstrated the existence of large reservoirs in a dozen countries, including Mali and the United States. However, their potential remains difficult to assess.

Numerous emanations on the ocean floor have been identified but are difficult to exploit. The discovery of a significant emergence in Russia in 2008 suggests the possibility of extracting native hydrogen in geological environments.

Geology
Natural hydrogen is generated continuously from a variety of natural sources. There are many known hydrogen emergences on mid-ocean ridges. Another of the known reactions, serpentinisation, occurs under the sea floor (in the oceanic crust).

Diagenetic origin (iron oxidation) in the sedimentary basins of cratons, notably in Russia. Other sources are being explored, such as mantle hydrogen, or hydrogen from radiolysis (natural electrolysis) or from bacterial activity. In France, the Alps and Pyrenees are suitable for exploitation. New Caledonia has hyperalkaline sources that show dihydrogen emissions. A large accumulation of natural hydrogen was discovered in Bourakebougou (Mali).

Characteristics
Dihydrogen is very soluble in fresh water, especially at depth (solubility increases with pressure).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_hydrogen

Answer: Several sources have been identified in France. Geologists Alain Prinzhofer and Eric Derville have demonstrated the existence of large reservoirs in a dozen countries, including Mali and the United States. However, their potential remains difficult to assess.


Instruction: Which of the following countries are monarchies? United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, United States, Russia, Poland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Spain

Answer: The monarchies in that list are the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Spain


Instruction: As a Manager, how can I use Clifford's Strengthsfinder?

Answer:
Strengthsfinder is a tool that has been used by 30 million people worldwide.  It's an assessment that measures one's strengths across 34 potential strengths. There is no strength better than the other. It's more a matter how much you actually leverage the strength that you have.

As a manager, here is how you can use it:
- Use it in 1:1s with your team members: For career development, or provide stretch assignments to focus on 1-2 strengths
- Develop a team aggregate: Where are we strong as a team? What strengths are missing? Who is strong in a particular area and can be the expert?
- Use it for team building: During a team meeting have team members present their top 5 strengths. People will get to know each other under a different light.
- Integrate new team members
- Develop new managers: How can they use their strengths? How can the strengths hold them back?


Instruction: I'm looking to learn a new programming language. Can you recommend one?

Answer: Which programming language to learn depends on what type of programming you want to do. Python is an easy to learn, general purpose language that is quite popular. If you are aspiring to do front end development work, JavaScript would be a good choice. If you are an experienced developer looking for a high performance language, Rust might be an appropriate choice as it's gaining popularity.


Instruction: What are the names of the social insects that are mentioned?

Context: Solitary bees, such as leafcutters, do not form colonies. Unlike social insects (ants, yellow jackets, honeybees), leafcutters work alone building isolated nests. Similar to honeybees, female bees perform nearly all essential tasks of brood rearing. These native insects perform essential tasks, pollinating wild plants. The alfalfa leaf cutter bee (Megachile rotundata), native to Europe, has been semi-domesticated for crop pollination. In North America, the species was deliberately imported to assist in the pollination of food crops, but has now become feral and widespread.

Answer: ants, yellow jackets, honeybees


Instruction: Is the economy doing well right now?

Answer: The economy is doing surprisingly well right now considering the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB).  We are in a slight recession but we are inching our way out of it.  Other banks are not collapsing and people's confidence in the stock market and economy is getting better with time.  Other sentiments that can affect the emotion of how people view the economy can be tied to how they view the current presidential administration or what their political affiliations are.


Instruction: List several ways to take ice cubes out of a glass?

Answer:
- Pick each ice cube out of the glass
- Drop all ice cubes out of the glass by facing it down


Instruction: What are some movies starring Chevy Chase

Answer: Fletch, Caddyshack, Three Amigos, National Lampoon's Vacation, Funny Farm, Spies Like Us, Foul Play, European Vacation


Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Maiasaura, Sea Lions

Answer: Sea Lions are alive, Maiasaura is extinct.


Instruction: What is Accrued income security

Answer: This is a security (investment) which pays interest at regular intervals. When it is sold, interest may have built up and this interest will be paid to the new owner. Interest built up like this is called accrued interest.


Instruction: Think of a bunch of different ways you could lift weights at home without any dumbbells or gym equipment.

Answer:
1. Bodyweight training: Bodyweight training (calisthenics) is the easiest way to train at home without any gym equipment. It can help you build muscle mass and increase your strength.
2. Backpack: You can fill a backpack with books or other heavy things at home and use it instead of weights.
3. Plastic bottles: fill plastic bottles with water and duck tape them together. With a box of 6 x 2 L plastic bottles fully filled with water, you will have 12 KG of weights.


Instruction: On which national flag is there an eagle and a snake

Answer: Mexico


Instruction: Is the lacavore diet beneficial?

Answer:
While it is harmful to the world trade and transportation of foods, the locavore diet is generally beneficial to the environment, local farmers, and people. In a small community, the locavore diet would contribute to the local economy as well as the health of the population.
	The locavore diet is a restriction in which people are encouraged to eat foods produced within a 100 mile radius of them, which not only benefits their health, as they are eating organic, locally produced foods, but also local farmers, by buying their produce, and the environment, by eliminating the harmful effects of transportation, such as airplanes and trucks.
A common concern of younger generations is the state of our environment, thanks to the continuation of air and water pollution as well as global warming. The locavore diet targets these exact concerns. In Source A, Maiser notes that a study from the journal Food Policy in 2005 found that buying locally produced foods eliminated the environmental damage that most food transportation causes. The locavore diet is not only friendly to the environment but also to the farmers who produce organic foods. In the USA, the increased purchasing of local foods has created a revival of small farms, with the number of small farms rising 20%, or approximately 1.2 million farms, in just the past six years (Source E). In small communities where small farms are a main source of produce, the locavore diet benefits the local economy, as more money is spent on local farmers and businesses. The increase in small farms within America is also beneficial to the national economy, as money is being spent within the country and perpetuates within our economy.
Despite its benefits to local farmers, farmers from around the world who were dependent upon the trade and transportation of foods have been suffering. For example, Kenya is responsible for most of the UK’s green beans, and while the locavore diet would support local farmers in the UK, approximately 1.5 million of Kenyan farmers’ livelihoods would be threatened. However, the same argument could be applied to local farmers: the import of foods from countries like Kenya decreases the money spent on small, local farms. In addition, eliminating the need to import food is beneficial to the national economy, as money is being spent on American farmers, who will then spend that money in America, rather than being spent outside of the country.
Perhaps the most powerful appeal to the locavore diet is its healthiness. Not only do local foods have fewer susceptibility to contamination, but the physical distance of local foods causes them to harbor more powerful vitamins, minerals, and disease-fighting substances. In Source B, Smith argues that because local fruits and vegetables travel shorter distances, they are therefore more likely to be closer to maximum nutritional value. In a notoriously unhealthy society, Americans are likely to benefit from the locavore diet because it emphasizes the importance of eating fruits and vegetables.
The locavore diet, while having some drawbacks, is overall beneficial to small communities: it keeps local farms in business which in turn stimulates the local and national economies, it reduces potentially harmful environmental impacts by decreasing the use of air and road transportation, and it allows for more nutritional value in the foods people eat. Worldwide, the locavore diet may not be as helpful, as it would all but eliminate the need for food trade. However, for small, tight-knit communities, the locavore diet would be arguably beneficial.


Instruction: How to get a good Survey for a product

Answer: Firstly you need to respond to the customer with in SLA and try to engage in all the triaging things you are doing to debug the case. secondly schedule 1-1 with customer to see if this can reproduced in the call. if it is a bug, please raise it with the developer to see if they can fix it. finally build the trust and confidence in the product and try to meet customer expectations.


Instruction: Where do U2 come from?

Context: U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin, formed in 1976. The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion). Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's musical style has evolved throughout their career, yet has maintained an anthemic quality built on Bono's expressive vocals and the Edge's chiming, effects-based guitar sounds. Bono's lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal and sociopolitical themes. Popular for their live performances, the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career.

Answer: The Irish band U2 are from Dublin.


Instruction: What is the best way to make a camp fire

Answer:
Nothing screams camping out in the wilderness like building a campfire.   The memories, conversations, scents, roasted marshmallows, and crackling of the wood are all part of the experience.   In order to build a strong campfire, you need to perform the following steps.
Step 1.  Clear a perimeter that is roughly 12 feet in diameter.   Make sure you are in an open area, where tree limbs are not hanging over the campfire to avoid secondary fires.   Before you start the fire, get all of the necessary components such as dry kindle/twigs, larger sticks, and larger logs, paper, and lighter
Step 2.   Build a small tepee shape with the dry kindle and dry small logs.    I would recommend adding paper with the kindle to assist in starting the fire.
Step 3.  Stack larger sticks around the teepee structure in a square formation.   Build up multiple levels, so the square structue is higher than the teepee.   This will help the fire expand and spread to the surrounding structure.
Step 4.  Light the paper in the teepee with a match or lighter, and watch the  dry kindle  start to catch.    At this early stage, you will most likely see smoke.   You may need to blow on the teepee structure lightly in order to add some oxygen to the fire and help it catch to the larger sticks square structure.
Step 5.  Once the square structure begins to light, start to add larger logs diagonally across the structure.   The diagonal formation will fuel the fire, and expand upwards .
Step 6.  Keep adding larger logs to maintain the fire.   With the prior kindle, sticks, and logs already hot, adding the new larger logs will burn quickly and self ignite.
Step 7.   When you are done enjoying the fire, have a couple of buckets of water nearby to extinguish it.   Do not leave the campfire unattended as the hot coals and wind could cause a unintended spread.


Instruction: Is Aetolia at sea level?

Context: Aetolia is a mountainous region of Greece on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, forming the eastern part of the modern regional unit of Aetolia-Acarnania.

Answer: Aetolia is a mountainous region of Greece, so probably not.


Instruction: What is the difference between Football and Futsal?

Answer: The size of a football pitch is bigger and longer than that of futsal. The number of football players is 11 while that of futsal players is 5. The size of a football is bigger than that of a futsal ball. Football players do a throwing when a ball crosses over a line while futsal players do kick-in. The game time of football is 45 minutes while that of futsal is 20 minutes.


Instruction: How was Liberum Veto mis-used?

Context:
The liberum veto (Latin for "free veto") was a parliamentary device in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was a form of unanimity voting rule that allowed any member of the Sejm (legislature) to force an immediate end to the current session and to nullify any legislation that had already been passed at the session by shouting either Sisto activitatem! (Latin: "I stop the activity!") or Nie pozwalam! (Polish: "I do not allow!"). The rule was in place from the mid-17th century to the late 18th century in the Sejm's parliamentary deliberations. It was based on the premise that since all Polish noblemen were equal, every measure that came before the Sejm had to be passed unanimously. The liberum veto was a key part of the political system of the Commonwealth, strengthening democratic elements and checking royal power and went against the European-wide trend of having a strong executive (absolute monarchy).

Many historians hold that the liberum veto was a major cause of the deterioration of the Commonwealth political system, particularly in the 18th century, when foreign powers bribed Sejm members to paralyze its proceedings, and the Commonwealth's eventual destruction in the partitions of Poland and foreign occupation, dominance and manipulation of Poland. Piotr Stefan Wandycz wrote that the "liberum veto had become the sinister symbol of old Polish anarchy". In the period of 1573–1763, about 150 sejms were held, about a third failing to pass any legislation, mostly because of the liberum veto. The expression Polish parliament in many European languages originated from the apparent paralysis.

Answer: With Liberum veto,  it was only possible to pass any legislation with unanimous consent. So one member of parliament to stop any legislation. Adversaries would often influence or bribe just one member of Parliament to derail a legislation.


Instruction: What is the difference between table salt and kosher salt?

Answer:
Most salt shakers contain table salt, a fine-grained salt often including iodine - called iodized salt.  Table salt is most commonly applied “at the table” when eating, however many home cooks don’t tend to keep multiple types of salt on hand so they might season their food with table salt during the cooking process.
Kosher salt is a more flaky salt and typically used either in larger quantities for brining or creating a salt crust on proteins prior to cooking.  Most professional chefs will choose Kosher salt over table salt as they prefer the texture and usability.  Table salt, being very fine-grained, is more dense than kosher salt and as such, recipes using salt should be weighed rather than using a volume measurement to ensure that a different type of salt doesn’t ruin the recipe.


Instruction: Why was Harry Potter famous in the wizarding world?

Context: Harry Potter lives with his abusive aunt and uncle, Vernon and Petunia Dursley, and their bullying son, Dudley. On Harry's eleventh birthday, a half-giant named Rubeus Hagrid personally delivers an acceptance letter to Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, revealing that Harry's parents, James and Lily Potter, were wizards. When Harry was one year old, an evil and powerful dark wizard, Lord Voldemort, murdered his parents. Harry survived Voldemort's killing curse that rebounded and seemingly destroyed the Dark Lord, leaving a lightning bolt-shaped scar on his forehead. Unknown to Harry, this act made him famous in the wizarding world.

Answer: Harry Potter survived the killing curse of a powerful dark wizard - Lord Voldemort.


Instruction: Why are in person events important to business growth?

Answer: In person events are incredibly important to business growth because they allow a company to connect with it's customers and prospects directly.  The business can create experiences, connections between it's employees and customers, and between customers to help form a community of people who align based on self identifiers like interests, technologies, industry and solutions.  These connections help build strong bonds between customer and brand by creating strong feelings of connectedness and inclusion through experiences during their in person event.


Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Ahenk, Arghul

Answer: Arghul is woodwind, Ahenk is string.


Instruction: Based on the following passage, create a list os when schools close and resume in England and Wales, Scotland and Canada.

Context:
Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary. Many families will take holidays for a week or two over summer, particularly in Southern Hemisphere Western countries with statutory Christmas and New Year holidays.
In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August.
In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August. Similarly, in Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August.
In the Southern Hemisphere, school summer holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year. In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June. In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October.

Answer:
1. In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September.
2. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August.
3. In Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month.


Instruction: Which places are near Lightwater.

Context:
Lightwater is a village in the Surrey Heath district of Surrey, England, about 27 miles (43 km) southwest of central London. Immediately surrounding towns and villages include Bagshot, Deepcut, Windlesham, Camberley, and West End, Woking. It is bounded to the north-west by the M3 motorway and to the north-east by the "Lightwater Bypass" (A322). To the south-east it is bounded by the "Red Road" (B311), while to the south-west there are vehicle-testing tracks owned by the Ministry of Defence.

The village is adjacent to junction 3 of the M3 motorway. The nearest railway station is at Bagshot, on the line between Ascot and Aldershot. Lightwater is part of the civil parish of Windlesham, which has a population of 17,000 and also includes the neighbouring village of Bagshot.

Answer: Lightwater is near Bagshot, Windlesham, Camberley, Deepcut and West End, Woking. It is about 27 miles from London.


Instruction: Write a poem about a raven

Answer:
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore—
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
“’Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door—
Only this and nothing more.”

Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December;
And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.
Eagerly I wished the morrow;—vainly I had sought to borrow
From my books surcease of sorrow—sorrow for the lost Lenore—
For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore—
Nameless here for evermore.


Instruction: Given this paragraph about material, what is lithophane?

Context: A lithophane is a thin plaque of translucent material, normally porcelain, which has been moulded to varying thickness, such that when lit from behind the different thicknesses show as different shades, forming an image. Only when lit from behind does the image display properly. They were invented in the 19th century and became very popular, typically for lampshades, nightlights, or to be hung on windows. They could also be given stands, to be placed in front of a light source. The longest side of a lithophane is typically between 6 and 10 inches.

Answer: A lithophane is a thin plaque of translucent material, normally porcelain, which has been moulded to varying thickness, such that when lit from behind the different thicknesses show as different shades, forming an image.


Instruction: Extract the list of science fiction awards from the paragraph below in the form of bulleted list, each item should include award name and whom is it presented by.

Context: Among the most respected and well-known awards for science fiction are the Hugo Award for literature, presented by the World Science Fiction Society at Worldcon, and voted on by fans; the Nebula Award for literature, presented by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, and voted on by the community of authors; the John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel, presented by a jury of writers; and the Theodore Sturgeon Memorial Award for short fiction, presented by a jury. One notable award for science fiction films and TV programs is the Saturn Award, which is presented annually by The Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror Films.

Answer:
- Hugo Award for literature, presented by the World Science Fiction Society.
- Nebula Award for literature, presented by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America.
- John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel, presented by a jury of writers.
- Theodore Sturgeon Memorial Award for short fiction, presented by a jury.
- Saturn Award, presented by by The Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror Films.


Instruction: Give me a list of pets that require low maintenance.

Answer:
Owning a pet indeed requires certain energy and commitment. Following is a list of pets that have low maintenance based for experiences from various owners.

- Goldfish or other similar size fishes.
- Hamsters
- Guinea pigs
- Birds
- Cats. Contrary to popular belief, cats are very self-sufficient pets. If proper food is on their plate and a favourite resting place, one doesn't generally feel their presence. However, they are hard to ignore.


Instruction: Who is Roger Federer?

Context: Roger Federer (born 8 August 1981) is a Swiss former professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 1 by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 310 weeks, including a record 237 consecutive weeks, and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. He won 103 singles titles on the ATP Tour, the second most of all time, including 20 major men's singles titles, a record eight men's singles Wimbledon titles, an Open Era joint-record five men's singles US Open titles, and a joint-record six year-end championships. In his home country, he is regarded as "the greatest and most successful" Swiss sportsperson in history.

Answer: Roger Federer is a Swiss former professional tennis player. He has won 20 major's singles title, totally 103 singles titles on the ATP tour. He was ranked world No.1 for 310 weeks, and was considered as the great of all time by many people.


Instruction: Should I use microservices for my project? How many microservices should I have?

Answer:
Every microservice you add increases the testing and deployment complexity for your project. However there are a few reasons you would want to split off separate microservices:
1. the scaling requirements are different (e.g., maybe part of your code needs to be deployed to 100 servers and other parts just to 5 servers).
2. the deployment model is different (e.g., maybe part of your code needs to be sharded by customer id, and other parts not sharded)
3. they are logically different parts of the code or of the company and they can benefit from moving independently for each other.

So split off as many microservices as required by the rules above, but don't split off too many.


Instruction: Give me a list of free email service provider other than Gmail.

Answer:
1. Outlook: It is offering from Microsoft, and is considered a powerful email service. It integrates with other Microsoft service ecosystem and used by large business enterprises.
2. Proton: Formerly called ProtonMail, has a unique offering when it comes to privacy protecting email service provided and hence has a very unique service offering.
3. Yahoo! Mail: Yahoo offers this very mature email service and has a lot of custom inbox and themes options.
4. Zoho Mail: Another email provider that provided fully encrypted data and privacy protection. On the top, it also provides a very easy to use email migration service.


Instruction: Suggest some fantasy books I could read?

Answer: The Fellowship of the Ring, A Game of Thrones, The Colour of Magic, The Lion, and The Witch and the Wardrobe are all classic Fantasy books.


Instruction: Where is Lebanon ?

Answer: Lebanon is a Middle Eastern country that is located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. Lebanon's southern border is shared with Israel. Syria borders Lebanon to the east and north, and the whole western edge of the country is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea.


Instruction: Extract from this text a list of the major films, books, and art pieces of Bruce Petty's career.

Context:
Petty began working for the Owen Brothers animation studio in Melbourne in 1949, before moving to the UK in 1954. His cartoons were published in The New Yorker, Esquire and Punch. On his return to Australia in 1961, he worked at first for The (Sydney) Daily Mirror, The Bulletin and The Australian before joining The Age in 1976.

In 1976, the animated film Leisure, of which he was the director, won an Academy Award for the producer Suzanne Baker (the first Australian woman to win an Oscar). "When I got it, the Oscar went to the producer. We got a picture of it, a very nice gold-framed picture." (The Age, 22 June 2004)

Petty made a number of other award-winning animated films including Art, Australian History, Hearts and Minds and Karl Marx.

Petty also created a number of "machine sculptures" with the most famous being a piece known as "Man Environment Machine" (fondly known as the "Petty Machine") that was a feature piece of the Australian Pavilion at World Expo '85 at Tsukuba, Japan.

In 2007, he received the AFI Best Documentary Director prize for the documentary Global Haywire which he wrote, directed and animated, as well as the Best Documentary Sound prize ; this documentary tries to unravel the global pattern that leads to an understanding of how the world came to be as it is today, and is based on interviews with intellectuals, students and journalists.

Petty's 2008 book, Petty's Parallel Worlds, is a retrospective collection of editorial cartoons from 1959 to the present, street sketches done on assignment around the world, and etchings.

Those of Petty's cartoons that depict themes such as the economy, international relations or other social issues as complicated interlocking machines (that manipulate, or are manipulated by, people) have been likened to Rube Goldberg machines or Heath Robinson contraptions.

At the 2016 Walkley Awards Petty was recognised with the Most Outstanding Contribution to Journalism award.

Answer:
* Leisure, a 1976 animated fillm
* Art, an animated film
* Australian History, an animated film
* Hearts and Minds, an animated film
* Karl Marx, an animated film
* Man Environment Machine, a machine sculpture featured at World Expo '85
* Global Haywire, a 2007 documentary
* Petty's Parallel Worlds, a 2008 book


Instruction: What are some interactive toys for toddlers?

Answer: Toddlers love to play with all varieties of toys - sensory, building, imaginative, and more. For an interactive and engaging experience, some of the greatest toys for toddlers are legos, magna tiles, playdoh, and kinetic sand. These activities and toys give them the creative freedom to use their imagination and fine motor skills.


Instruction: What are key facts that characterize the country of Canada?

Context: Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline. It is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. The country is sparsely inhabited, with the vast majority residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.

Answer: Canada is in North America and has ten provinces organized in three territories.  It boarders three oceans including the Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic. Although it is one of the largest countries by land mass, its population is sparse.


Instruction: How many members are there in Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)

Answer: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) has 8 members


Instruction: List five titles by George R.R. Martin.

Answer: A Game of Thrones, Dying of the Light, The Armageddon Rag, A Storm of Swords, A Song for Lya


Instruction: Who is Miley Cyrus?

Context:
Miley Ray Cyrus (/ˈmaɪli ˈsaɪrəs/ MY-lee SY-rəs; born Destiny Hope Cyrus; November 23, 1992) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Her music spans across varied styles and genres, including pop, country, rock, hip hop, R&B, and experimental music.

The third daughter of country singer Billy Ray Cyrus, she emerged as a teen idol while portraying the title character of the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana (2006–2011). Cyrus has been referred to as the "Teen Queen" of 2000s pop culture. She is known for her musical versatility and has been critically lauded for constantly reinventing her sound and style every musical era.

Answer: Miley Ray Cyrus is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Her music spans across varied styles and genres, including pop, country, rock, hip hop, R&B, and experimental music. She first rose to fame in her role as Hannah in the Disney Channel television series, Hannah Montana, but has since been critically lauded for constantly reinventing her sound and style every musical era.


Instruction: Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Canoo, Pegasus

Answer: Pegasus is German, Canoo is American


Instruction: How many volumes of Wheel of Time are there?

Context: The Wheel of Time is a series of high fantasy novels by American author Robert Jordan, with Brandon Sanderson as a co-author for the final three novels. Originally planned as a six-book series at its debut in 1990, The Wheel of Time came to span 14 volumes, in addition to a prequel novel and two companion books. Jordan died in 2007 while working on what was planned to be the final volume in the series. He prepared extensive notes which enabled fellow fantasy author Brandon Sanderson to complete the final book, which grew into three volumes: The Gathering Storm (2009), Towers of Midnight (2010), and A Memory of Light (2013).

Answer: Originally planned as a six-book series at its debut in 1990, The Wheel of Time came to span 14 volumes


Instruction: who is nayanthara ?

Answer: Nayanthara is an Indian actress who is well known in Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam film Industry.


Instruction: Which is the largest football stadium in Europe

Context:
Camp Nou (Catalan pronunciation: [ˌkamˈnɔw], meaning new field, often referred to in English as the Nou Camp), officially branded as Spotify Camp Nou for sponsorship reasons, is a football stadium in Barcelona, Spain. It has been the home stadium of FC Barcelona since its completion in 1957. With a current seating capacity of 99,354, it is the largest stadium in Spain and Europe, and the second largest association football stadium in the world.

It has hosted two European Cup/Champions League finals in 1989 and 1999, two European Cup Winners' Cup finals, four Inter-Cities Fairs Cup final games, five UEFA Super Cup games, four Copa del Rey finals, two Copa de la Liga finals, and twenty-one Supercopa de España finals. It also hosted five matches in the 1982 FIFA World Cup (including the opening game), two out of four matches at the 1964 European Nations' Cup, and the football tournament's final at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

On 15 March 2022, it was announced that music streaming service Spotify had reached a deal with FC Barcelona to acquire the naming rights to the stadium in a deal worth $310 million. Following the approval of the sponsorship agreement with Spotify by FC Barcelona's Extraordinary Assembly of Delegate Members on 3 April 2022, the stadium was officially renamed on 1 July 2022 as Spotify Camp Nou.

In April 2022, it was announced that renovation of the stadium will commence in June 2022 after the season's end.

Answer:
The Camp Nou, meaning new field, often referred to in English as the Nou Camp), officially branded as Spotify Camp Nou for sponsorship reasons, is a football stadium in Barcelona, Spain. It has been the home stadium of FC Barcelona since its completion in 1957. With a current seating capacity of 99,354, it is the largest stadium in Spain and Europe, and the second largest association football stadium in the world.

It has hosted two European Cup/Champions League finals in 1989 and 1999, two European Cup Winners' Cup finals, four Inter-Cities Fairs Cup final games, five UEFA Super Cup games, four Copa del Rey finals, two Copa de la Liga finals, and twenty-one Supercopa de España finals. It also hosted five matches in the 1982 FIFA World Cup (including the opening game), two out of four matches at the 1964 European Nations' Cup, and the football tournament's final at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

On 15 March 2022, it was announced that music streaming service Spotify had reached a deal with FC Barcelona to acquire the naming rights to the stadium in a deal worth $310 million. Following the approval of the sponsorship agreement with Spotify by FC Barcelona's Extraordinary Assembly of Delegate Members on 3 April 2022, the stadium was officially renamed on 1 July 2022 as Spotify Camp Nou.

In April 2022, it was announced that renovation of the stadium will commence in June 2022 after the season's end.


Instruction: What does a biological anthropologist study?

Context: An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology. Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology, cultural anthropology and philosophical anthropology study the norms and values of societies. Linguistic anthropology studies how language affects social life, while economic anthropology studies human economic behavior. Biological (physical), forensic and medical anthropology study the biological development of humans, the application of biological anthropology in a legal setting and the study of diseases and their impacts on humans over time, respectively.

Answer: A biological anthropologist studies the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings over time.


Instruction: What are the benefits of ranked voting?

Answer: In elections for political office, ranked voting allows second, third and lower preference choices to be given weight in the event a voter's higher ranked choices do not show the electoral strength necessary to win a given election. In this way, overall social utility is maximized in the sense that the optimal level of voter happiness will be achieved. Ranked voting will give centrist and more moderate candidates and parties a greater chance to succeed in elections, reducing the power of the extreme elements on both sides of the political spectrum. It will encourage more moderate candidates to step forward and more moderate third parties to form. The extreme partisanship currently existing in politics will be mitigated. Donald Trump would likely not have won the Republican presidential nomination in 2016 because, although he had a very committed backing of a large minority of Republican voters, he faced a divided field of more moderate and traditional candidates who split the more rational majority of the party. Trump would likely not have been the second choice for many of the backers of other candidates. A more moderate candidate would likely have emerged as the eventual nominee. Opponents of ranked voting cite possible complexity and greater threat of computerized hacking or errors impacting election results. Entrenched politicians of both major parties oppose ranked voting because they do not want to encourage the formation of centrist third parties that could jeopardize the standing of their parties and their own political careers.


Instruction: Why Audi Q5 sportsback is best over its rival

Answer: Audi Q5 is a great car. It's rival Mercedes GLC and BMW X3. Compare to this Audi q5 sportsback is good looking. the Car has enough power to beat these 2 on Hill road because of it's Quattro


Instruction: Which human rights organisation founded 1961 got Nobel 1977

Answer: Amnesty International


Instruction: from this blob of text about gosberton clough, to which city does the river flow to?

Context:
Gosberton Clough is a village in the civil parish of Gosberton and the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. It is 30 miles (50 km) south-east from the city and county town of Lincoln, 5 miles (8 km) north from the nearest large town of Spalding, and 3 miles (5 km) west-southwest from parish village of Gosberton.

Gosberton Clough and the village Risegate to the east are conjoined as a 2 miles (3 km) linear settlement on the east to west B1397 road which runs along the south side of Risegate Eau (drain). Within Gosberton Clough the B1397 is named 'Clough Road', and in Risegate, 'Risegate Road', the villages separated at a bridge over the Risegate Eau at the junction with Chesboule Lane, running north, and Beach Lane, running south. The B1397 and the village is mirrored at the north of Risegate Eau by the parallel 'Siltside' (road). The Risegate Eau starts 2 miles (3 km) west at the South Forty-Foot Drain, then flows through the village, and reaches the River Welland at the Risegate Outfall sluice in Algarkirk Marsh, 7 miles (11 km) to the east. The north to south Hammond Beck intersects Risegate Eau at the west of the village, alongside of which is Beck Bank (road).

Answer: Towards Lincoln, England


Instruction: What is Gyebangsan?

Context: Gyebangsan is a mountain of Gyeongsangnam-do, located in southeastern South Korea.

Answer: Gyebangsan is a mountain, located in southeastern South Korea.


Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Slipmouth or Slipknot

Answer: Slipmouth


Instruction: Given a reference text about a president, tell me when he died.

Context: William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773 – April 4, 1841) was an American military officer and politician who served as the ninth president of the United States. Harrison died just 31 days after his inauguration in 1841, and had the shortest presidency in United States history. He was also the first United States president to die in office, and a brief constitutional crisis resulted as presidential succession was not then fully defined in the United States Constitution. Harrison was the last president born as a British subject in the Thirteen Colonies and was the paternal grandfather of Benjamin Harrison, the 23rd president of the United States.

Answer: April 4, 1841


Instruction: I need to buy a Vinyl record for my friend's birthday. What are some suggestions of classic vinyl records.

Answer: Here are some classic records that are very popular on Vinyl: Fleetwood Mac - Rumours, Pink Floyd - Dark Side of the Moon, Daft Punk - Random Access Memories, Radiohead - OK Computer, Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band - The Beatles


Instruction: Who is Vincent Paterson?

Context: Vincent Paterson (born May 4, 1950) is an American director and choreographer who has had an expansive career in many parts of the entertainment industry including film, Broadway, concert tours, opera, music videos, television and commercials. He has achieved success worldwide as a director and choreographer.

Answer:
Vincent Paterson (born May 4, 1950) is an American director and choreographer who has had an expansive career in many parts of the entertainment industry including film, Broadway, concert tours, opera, music videos, television and commercials. He has achieved success worldwide as a director and choreographer.
Paterson collaborated with Michael Jackson, George Harrison and Madonna on various projects, including directing and choreographing Madonna's Blond Ambition Tour, the centerpiece for the documentary Madonna: Truth or Dare (also known as In Bed with Madonna outside of North America). He created Madonna's "Marie Antoinette/Vogue" performance for the MTV Awards and her appearance on the Academy Awards. He also choreographed Madonna in the film Evita (1996). For Michael Jackson, he is one of the two fighter dancers in "Beat It" videoclip, and was assistant choreographer and a zombie dancer in "Thriller". He co-directed and co-choreographed Jackson's Bad tour as well as co-choreographing Jackson music videos "Smooth Criminal", "The Way You Make Me Feel", "Dirty Diana", "Speed Demon", "Black or White" and live performances for the Super Bowl XXVII Halftime show, the Grammys, and the MTV 10th Anniversary. He also co-directed and co-choreographed the music video for Jackson's hit "Blood on the Dance Floor".


Instruction: What is the capital of Tamilnadu?

Context: Tamil Nadu (/ˌtæmɪl ˈnɑːduː/; Tamil: [ˈtamiɻ ˈnaːɽɯ] (listen), abbr. TN) is the southern-most state of India. The tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population, Tamil Nadu is the home of the Tamil people, whose Tamil language—one of the longest surviving classical languages in the world—is widely spoken in the state and serves as its official language. The capital and largest city is Chennai.

Answer: Chennai


Instruction: Who won the Man Booker International Prize for  2019?

Answer: Jokha Alharthi (Oman Author)


Instruction: Roger likes bananas more than strawberries. He likes bananas more than apples, and he likes strawberries more than melons. He likes apples more than strawberries. Which fruit does Roger like least of those three?

Answer: Roger likes melons the least.


Instruction: In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Fossoway?

Answer: Foss the Archer


Instruction: What trait do you think everyone should have?

Answer: There are many important traits and virtues that can lead to a life of meaning. Perhaps the most important of all is resilience. Resilience allows one to live with the ability to adapt, operate from a mindset of hopefulness and willingness to learn new things. Undoubtedly life will present many trials and obstacles. Resilience will allow you to move forward from difficult situations with optimism for the future and the ability to cultivate learning from mistakes.


Instruction: what was the impact on software companies from the revenue standard called 606?

Answer: VSOE was replaced by SSP (Standard selling price), new disclosures around Remaining performance obligations


Instruction: Who are the greatest soccer players of all time?

Answer:
The greatest soccer players of all time is a widely debated question and is subject to one's personal opinions and values. Here is a list of soccer players who are commonly thought of as some of the greatest of all time:

1. Pelé from Brazil, who played from 1956 to 1977, is widely considered as one of the greatest soccer players of all time due to his prolific goal-scoring, and 3 world cup titles. His 1279 goals including friendlies is recognized as a Guinness World Record. In 1999 he was named the Athlete of the Century by the International Olympic Committee.
2. Johann Cruyff from the Netherlands, who played from 1964-1984, is considered by many to be of the greatest players of all time winning the Ballon'dOr 3 times and leading the Netherlands to the world cup final in 1974 where he received the Golden Ball as the player of the tournament. In 1999 he was voted European Player of the Century and came second behind Pelé as world player of the Century.
3. Diego Maradona from Argentina, who played from 1976 to 1997, is widely considered one of the greatest soccer players of all time due to his passing, vision, and ball control as well as his leadership on the field. Maradona scored the goal of the century in 1986 with an incredible solo goal as he dribbled 60 meters past 5 England defenders.
4. Cristiano Ronaldo, who played from 2002 to current, is widely considered by many one of the greatest soccer players of all time. Known for his prolific goal-scoring on a variety of different teams and in a variety of different ways Ronaldo is thought of by many as the 'Complete Player'. He has won the Ballon d'Or 5 times and currently holds the all-time record for most men's international goals (122), most goals in the champions league (140), and the most professional goals (834).
5. Lionel Messi, who played from 2003 to current, is widely considered by many as one of the greatest soccer players of all time. Known by many as the magician, Messi is known for his vision, passing, and tight ball control. Messi has won a record 7 Ballon d'Or awards, the most goals in La Liga (484), the most hat tricks in La Liga (34), and the most assists in La Liga (192). Messi also lead Argentian to win the 2022 World Cup in Qatar which many believe cemented his place as one of the all-time greats.


Instruction: How long do hump back whales live?

Answer: Hump back whales range is size from 14 - 17 meters, and can live 45 - 50 years.  They weight a staggering 40 metric tons or about 55,000 - 65,000 pounds.  They get their name hump back whale because of the shape of their back.  They are also a very friendly and non aggressive, and there is a very low chance of a human ever getting harmed who comes into contact with one.


Instruction: What is the University of Texas mascot?

Answer: The University of Texas mascot is a longhorn.


Instruction: Name five professional sports teams in the state of New York.

Answer: Five professional sports teams in the state of New York are the New York Yankees, New York Mets, New York Islands, Brooklyn Nets, and New York Knicks.


Instruction: What makes for a great pizza?

Answer:
There are many different variations of pizza. Many would say that the crust and sauce are more important than the toppings when considering what makes a pizza great. Toppings (pepperoni, mushroom, sausage, pineapple, etc.) are generally pretty standard, with little variation by source or region, though premium ingredients may be had my many pizza chefs, these are not considered here because premium toppings may not be available to every pizza chef.

The crust and sauce, however, are nearly limitless in variation.  From thin crust to thick crusts, to bright or spicy sauce; a pizza chef may make their mark with excellent pizza on the foundation of a well made crust with a well flavored sauce.


Instruction: Classify each of the following as either a Nintendo character or a Sega character: Mario, Princess Peach, Sonic, Tails, Doctor Eggman, Luigi, Link, Zelda, Alex Kidd, Donkey Kong, AiAi, Gilius Thunderhead, Bob-Omb

Answer:
Nintendo: Mario, Princess Peach, Luigi, Link, Zelda, Donkey Kong, Bob-Omb
Sega: Sonic, Tails, Doctor Eggman, Alex Kidd, AiAi, Gilius Thunderhead


Instruction: Tell me which of these terms are related to artificial intelligence versus gardening: tilling, seed, gradient descent, production, Bayesian optimization, genetically modified organism, heirloom, transfer learning

Answer:
These terms are all unmistakably related to artificial intelligence:
- Gradient descent: a technique used when training a machine learning model to improve results over time.
- Bayesian optimization: a probabilistic approach to arrive at the best set of parameters, most often used in training machine learning models.
- Transfer learning: a technique to re-train an already trained deep learning model on new data, most commonly used to customize models to a particular use-case, such as detecting a specific object in photos.

While these terms are all unmistakably related to gardening:
- Tilling: mechanical preparation of soil for planting.
- Genetically modified organism: this is a term to describe plants that have undergone genetic modification to optimize for specific traits, such as drought resistance.
- Heirloom: this describe certain non-hybrid plant types that must be open pollinated, namely by insects, birds, wind, or other natural factors.

These terms relate to both artificial intelligence and gardening:
- Seed: in artificial intelligence, a "seed" is a number chosen to help reproduce random outcomes, such as picking random numbers. In gardening, a seed is the raw input that a gardener plants that will eventually become a plant.
- Production: in artificial intelligence, production is often the term used to describe a lifecycle stage of a model that is in real-life use, rather than testing or development. In gardening, production is another term used to describe the total output of a harvest.


Instruction: Tell me where the following numbers are odd or even: 13, 200, 334, 420, 5, 12

Answer:
13: Odd
200: Even
334: Even
420: Even
5: Odd
12: Even


Instruction: Based on the reference text, provide a bulleted list of the three stages of ISO 27001 Certification and the activities of each stage.

Context:
SO/IEC 27001 is an international standard to manage information security. The standard was originally published jointly by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 2005, revised in 2013, and again most recently in 2022. There are also numerous recognized national variants of the standard. It details requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS) – the aim of which is to help organizations make the information assets they hold more secure. Organizations that meet the standard's requirements can choose to be certified by an accredited certification body following successful completion of an audit. The effectiveness of the ISO/IEC 27001 certification process and the overall standard has been addressed in a large-scale study conducted in 2020.

How the standard works
Most organizations have a number of information security controls. However, without an information security management system (ISMS), controls tend to be somewhat disorganized and disjointed, having been implemented often as point solutions to specific situations or simply as a matter of convention. Security controls in operation typically address certain aspects of information technology (IT) or data security specifically; leaving non-IT information assets (such as paperwork and proprietary knowledge) less protected on the whole. Moreover, business continuity planning and physical security may be managed quite independently of IT or information security while Human Resources practices may make little reference to the need to define and assign information security roles and responsibilities throughout the organization.

ISO/IEC 27001 requires that management:

Systematically examine the organization's information security risks, taking account of the threats, vulnerabilities, and impacts;
Design and implement a coherent and comprehensive suite of information security controls and/or other forms of risk treatment (such as risk avoidance or risk transfer) to address those risks that are deemed unacceptable; and
Adopt an overarching management process to ensure that the information security controls continue to meet the organization's information security needs on an ongoing basis.
What controls will be tested as part of certification to ISO/IEC 27001 is dependent on the certification auditor. This can include any controls that the organisation has deemed to be within the scope of the ISMS and this testing can be to any depth or extent as assessed by the auditor as needed to test that the control has been implemented and is operating effectively.

Management determines the scope of the ISMS for certification purposes and may limit it to, say, a single business unit or location. The ISO/IEC 27001 certificate does not necessarily mean the remainder of the organization, outside the scoped area, has an adequate approach to information security management.

Other standards in the ISO/IEC 27000 family of standards provide additional guidance on certain aspects of designing, implementing and operating an ISMS, for example on information security risk management (ISO/IEC 27005).

History of ISO/IEC 27001
BS 7799 was a standard originally published by BSI Group in 1995. It was written by the UK government's Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and consisted of several parts.

The first part, containing the best practices for information security management, was revised in 1998; after a lengthy discussion in the worldwide standards bodies, it was eventually adopted by ISO as ISO/IEC 17799, "Information Technology - Code of practice for information security management." in 2000. ISO/IEC 17799 was then revised in June 2005 and finally incorporated in the ISO 27000 series of standards as ISO/IEC 27002 in July 2007.

The second part of BS7799 was first published by BSI in 1999, known as BS 7799 Part 2, titled "Information Security Management Systems - Specification with guidance for use." BS 7799-2 focused on how to implement an Information security management system (ISMS), referring to the information security management structure and controls identified in BS 7799-2. This later became ISO/IEC 27001:2005. BS 7799 Part 2 was adopted by ISO as ISO/IEC 27001 in November 2005.

BS 7799 Part 3 was published in 2005, covering risk analysis and management. It aligns with ISO/IEC 27001:2005.

Very little reference or use is made to any of the BS standards in connection with ISO/IEC 27001.

Certification
An ISMS may be certified compliant with the ISO/IEC 27001 standard by a number of Accredited Registrars worldwide. Certification against any of the recognized national variants of ISO/IEC 27001 (e.g. JIS Q 27001, the Japanese version) by an accredited certification body is functionally equivalent to certification against ISO/IEC 27001 itself.

In some countries, the bodies that verify conformity of management systems to specified standards are called "certification bodies", while in others they are commonly referred to as "registration bodies", "assessment and registration bodies", "certification/ registration bodies", and sometimes "registrars".

The ISO/IEC 27001 certification, like other ISO management system certifications, usually involves a three-stage external audit process defined by ISO/IEC 17021 and ISO/IEC 27006 standards:

Stage 1 is a preliminary, informal review of the ISMS. For example there are checks for the existence and completeness of key documentation, such as the organization's information security policy, Statement of Applicability (SoA), and Risk Treatment Plan (RTP). This stage serves to familiarize the auditors with the organization and vice versa.
Stage 2 is a more detailed and formal compliance audit, independently testing the ISMS against the requirements specified in ISO/IEC 27001. The auditors will seek evidence to confirm that the management system has been properly designed and implemented, and is in fact in operation (for example by confirming that a security committee or similar management body meets regularly to oversee the ISMS). Certification audits are usually conducted by ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditors. Passing this stage results in the ISMS being certified compliant with ISO/IEC 27001.
Ongoing involves follow-up reviews or audits to confirm that the organization remains in compliance with the standard. Certification maintenance requires periodic re-assessment audits to confirm that the ISMS continues to operate as specified and intended. These should happen at least annually but (by agreement with management) are often conducted more frequently, particularly while the ISMS is still maturing.

Answer:
The following are the three stages of ISO 27001 certification:
1. Stage 1: A preliminary, informal review of the Information Security Management System. Activities include checking for existence and completeness of primary documentation.
2. Stage 2: A detailed and formal audit performed by a third party to validate adequate implementation of the requirements specified in ISO 27001
3. Ongoing: Follow-up reviews and audits to confirm continued compliance with the requirements of ISO 27001.


Instruction: List five titles by Anne Rice.

Answer: Lasher, The Queen of the Damned, The Vampire Lestat, Interview with a Vampire, Memnoch the Devil


Instruction: Which state joined the US on March 15, 1820?

Answer: Maine.


Instruction: Current industry trends and how to capitalize on them?

Answer:
1. Increase focus on sustainability
2. Cutting unnecessary costs
3. Emphasis on digital transformation


Instruction: Which company introduced new kits for Marseille?

Context: This new season Adidas introduced Marseille's new kits, and these new ones are very different from last season, except the home kit, the colours of Marseille still stay white and sky blue. The away kit is an impressive kit with it being sky blue and has shades of black. The third kit was so far used in European competitions only. This kit is a full black kit but still has a little sky blue. In all of Marseille's kits there is one their main colour sky blue one.

Answer: Adidas


Instruction: Name some famous rock bands from the San Francisco Bay Area.

Answer: Many famous rock bands have come from the San Francisco Bay area. These bands include the Grateful Dead, Journey, The Jefferson Airplane, Metallica, Santana, and Green Day.


Instruction: give me a summary of the American revolution

Answer: The American Revolution was a five-year long war that started in 1775. The colonists of Great Britain were tired of being taxed endlessly by King George lll. The revolution started when some of Britain's forces assaulted revolutionary colonists at Lexington. This convinced many people to fight for the colonists. Finally, after many long battles and suffering, at the battle of Yorktown in 1781, Great Britain's forces surrendered to General Roshambo and General Washington. King George lll passed the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The colonists, now free from Britain, started America. The political system was also created, with George Washington becoming the first president.


Instruction: Why is Arizona the best state to live in?

Answer: Arizona is the best state to live in for numerous reasons. First, the tax situation is highly advantageous with a 2.55 percent flat state tax on all income. Second, the weather is incredible for 7-8 months per year, especially if you like the heat. The cost of living is relatively average and there are many growing, young towns to choose from like Gilbert and Chandler. Arizona has all 4 major sports team and continually gets major events, like the Super Bowl which was in Arizona this past year. Last but not least, Arizona has great hiking, biking trails, easy access to airport, and located close to Grand Canyon/Zion from Phoenix.


Instruction: Where did the random walk hypothesis come from?

Context:
The random walk hypothesis is a financial theory stating that stock market prices evolve according to a random walk (so price changes are random) and thus cannot be predicted.
The concept can be traced to French broker Jules Regnault who published a book in 1863, and then to French mathematician Louis Bachelier whose Ph.D. dissertation titled "The Theory of Speculation" (1900) included some remarkable insights and commentary. The same ideas were later developed by MIT Sloan School of Management professor Paul Cootner in his 1964 book The Random Character of Stock Market Prices. The term was popularized by the 1973 book A Random Walk Down Wall Street by Burton Malkiel, a professor of economics at Princeton University, and was used earlier in Eugene Fama's 1965 article "Random Walks In Stock Market Prices", which was a less technical version of his Ph.D. thesis. The theory that stock prices move randomly was earlier proposed by Maurice Kendall in his 1953 paper, The Analysis of Economic Time Series, Part 1: Prices.

Answer: It is said that the random walk hypothesis originated back in the mid 1800s from a French financier named Jules Regnault.  The random walk hypothesis notes that stock price movements are fully random and cannot be easily forecast.


Instruction: What can I do with a broken stapler?

Answer:
- Use the broken stapler as a paper weight
- Use the broken stapler to hold staples for a new stapler
- Use the broken stapler to hold a door ajar
- Use the broken stapler to hold paper that needs to be filed
- Use the broken stapler as a nutcracker


Instruction: Classify each of the following as a green vegetable or a yellow vegetable: bell pepper, zucchini, broccoli, kale, summer squash, sweet potato, corn, onion, golden beet, spinach.

Answer:
Vegetables that are green: Broccoli, kale, spinach
Vegetables that are yellow: Summer squash, corn, golden beet, corn
Vegetables that can be green or yellow: Bell pepper, zucchini, onion
Vegetables that are neither green nor yellow: Sweet potato, which is an orange root vegetable


Instruction: What is the Richland home

Context:
Richland is a historic home at Harwood, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. It is a 2+1⁄2-story, frame, hip-roofed dwelling of approximately 3,000 square feet (280 m2). It was constructed for gentleman farmer Robert Murray Cheston (1849–1904) and his wife, the former Mary Murray (1859–1943). It is the only known late-19th-century rural Anne Arundel County dwelling definitively associated with a specific architectural firm. The plans were prepared by the Roanoke, Virginia based architectural firm of Noland and de Saussure, founded by William C. Noland. The home reflects both the Colonial Revival and Queen Anne styles. The house on the 332 acre Richland farm was built in 1893. In the 1950s, the Cheston family subdivided the property and sold the house with approximately 58 acres to the Talliaferro family, and sold the remaining acreage to the Catterton family. The Talliaferro family named their new parcel "Thanksgiving Farm". In 1996, the Heimbuch family purchased Thanksgiving Farm from the Talliaferro family, began planting vineyards1998, completed a restoration of the house in 2004, and opened a winery on the property in 2006.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Answer:
Richland is a historic home at Harwood, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. It is a 2.5 story, frame, hip-roofed dwelling of approximately 3,000 square feet (280 m2). It was constructed for gentleman farmer Robert Murray Cheston (1849–1904) and his wife, the former Mary Murray (1859–1943).

It is the only known late-19th-century rural Anne Arundel County dwelling definitively associated with a specific architectural firm. The plans were prepared by the Roanoke, Virginia based architectural firm of Noland and de Saussure, founded by William C. Noland. The home reflects both the Colonial Revival and Queen Anne styles.

The house on the 332 acre Richland farm was built in 1893. In the 1950s, the Cheston family subdivided the property and sold the house with approximately 58 acres to the Talliaferro family, and sold the remaining acreage to the Catterton family. The Talliaferro family named their new parcel "Thanksgiving Farm". In 1996, the Heimbuch family purchased Thanksgiving Farm from the Talliaferro family, began planting vineyards1998, completed a restoration of the house in 2004, and opened a winery on the property in 2006.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.


Instruction: Classify each of the following sports terminologies by sport: Earned Run Average, WHIP, Bicycle Kick, Touchdown, Safety, Quality Start, Runs, RBI, Stolen Base, Batting Average, Inning, Strikeout, Shortstop, Striker, Sweeper, Stopper, Relief Pitcher, Nutmeg, Slide Tackle, Extra Point, Barrel Rate, Midfielder, Yellow Card, Red Card, Corner Kick, Goal Kick, Set Piece, Direct Free Kick, FIFA, MLS, Concacaf, Half Volley, Full Volley, Base on Balls, Batter's Box, Mound, Breaking Ball, Slider, Designated Hitter, Knuckle Ball, No Hitter, Triple Play, Double Play, Wild Pitch, Linebacker, Running Back, Quarterback, Wide Receiver, Tight End, Chop Block

Answer:
Soccer: Bicycle Kick, Striker, Sweeper, Stopper, Nutmeg, Slide Tackle, Midfielder, Yelow Card, Red Card, Corner Kick, Goal Kick, Set Piece, Direct Free Kick, FIFA, Concacaf, MLS, Half Volley, Full Volley
Baseball: Earned Run Average, WHIP, Quality Start, Runs, RBI, Stolen Base, Batting Average, Inning, Strikeout, Shortstop, Relief Pitcher, Barrel Rate, Base on Balls, Batter's Box, Mound, Breaking Ball, Slider, Designated Hitter, Knuckle Ball, No Hitter, Triple Play, Double Play, Wild Pitch
Football: Touchdown, Safety, Extra Point, Linebacker, Running Back, Quarterback, Wide Receiver, Tight End, Chop Block


Instruction: What books would you recommend someone read to improve their general knowledge of the world?

Answer:
Here are some books that can help improve one's general knowledge of the world:

*Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies Revised by Jared Diamond

* The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe Without Design by Richard Dawkins

* The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion by  Jon Haidt

* The Psychology of Money: Timeless lessons on wealth, greed, and happiness by Housel Morgan

* Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos by Mitch Waldrop

* Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion by Robert Cialdini

* Thinking, Fast and Slow by  Daniel Kahneman

* How the Mind Works by Steven Pinker

* Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life by Daniel Dennett

* Against the Gods: The Remarkable Story of Risk by Peter L. Bernstein

* Moneyball by Michael Lewis

* The Halo Effect: ... and the Eight Other Business Delusions That Deceive by Phil Rosenzweig


Instruction: How many golf clubs can a player carry in their bag?

Answer: Per the PGA (Professional Golfers' Association), a player can carry up to 14 clubs in their bag.  There is no minimum number of clubs a player must carry.


Instruction: What is Human Development Report (HDI) based on?

Answer: HDI is based on Life Expectancy, Literacy & Per Capita Income


Instruction: Who was the first woman ever inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame?

Answer: Aretha Franklin.


Instruction: What are some different types of natural disasters?

Answer: Types of natural disasters include: Forest Fires, Tsunamis, Earthquakes, Volcanic Eruptions, Hurricanes, Tornados, and Avalanches.


Instruction: What is the expense ratio for an ETF?

Answer: An expense ratio reflects how much a mutual fund or an ETF (exchange-traded fund) pays for portfolio management, administration, marketing, and distribution, among other expenses. You'll almost always see it expressed as a percentage of the fund's average net assets (instead of a flat dollar amount).


Instruction: What is electronics engineering?

Context:
Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes, sensors and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes digital switching possible, and electronics is widely used in information processing, telecommunications, and signal processing. Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed components into a regular working system.
Today, most electronic devices use semiconductor components to perform electron control. The underlying principles that explain how semiconductors work are studied in solid state physics, whereas the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems are part of electronics engineering.

Answer: Electronics engineering is the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems.


Instruction: Jill, a 60-year-old personal training client, wants to improve her hip flexibility. Jill is concerned about her balance and the risk of falling. Recommend two exercises she can do to improve balance.

Answer: She can perform weight shifts, which is an easy exercise for someone of her age to perform to improve their balance. She should begin with feet hip-width apart, and then shift her weight to her right side, lifting her left foot off the floor. She can maintain this position for 30 seconds, return to the starting position, and repeat for her other side. Besides weight shifts, she can focus on exercises that target auxiliary muscles in her lower back and core, which help with balance. For example, she can consider doing partial sit-ups, which strengthen abdominal muscles, or if she finds that too difficult, she can perform cat and camel, which is where she arches her back, and then lets it slowly sag toward the floor while in modified pushup position (knees on the ground).


Instruction: Name five water Pokemon.

Answer: Five water Pokemon are Squirtle, Poliwhirl, Seel, Horsea, and Staryu


Instruction: 5 Best place to visit near Bangalore

Answer:
Ooty
Sakeleshpur
Coorg
Udupi
Pondicherry


Instruction: What is Assembler?

Answer:
An assembler program creates object code by translating combinations of mnemonics and syntax for operations and addressing modes into their numerical equivalents. This representation typically includes an operation code ("opcode") as well as other control bits and data. The assembler also calculates constant expressions and resolves symbolic names for memory locations and other entities. The use of symbolic references is a key feature of assemblers, saving tedious calculations and manual address updates after program modifications. Most assemblers also include macro facilities for performing textual substitution – e.g., to generate common short sequences of instructions as inline, instead of called subroutines.

Some assemblers may also be able to perform some simple types of instruction set-specific optimizations. One concrete example of this may be the ubiquitous x86 assemblers from various vendors. Called jump-sizing, most of them are able to perform jump-instruction replacements (long jumps replaced by short or relative jumps) in any number of passes, on request. Others may even do simple rearrangement or insertion of instructions, such as some assemblers for RISC architectures that can help optimize a sensible instruction scheduling to exploit the CPU pipeline as efficiently as possible.


Instruction: What recording artist has won the most Grammys?

Answer: Beyonce, a singer-songwriter who has been active since the 1990s, holds the record for most Grammys won as of 2023 with 32 awards.


Instruction: Chronological order of the Alien movie universe

Answer:
1. Alien vs. Predator
2. Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem
3. Prometheus
4. Alien: Covenant
5. Alien
6. Aliens
7. Alien 3
8. Alien: Resurrection


Instruction: Why is the sport commonly known as "Ultimate Frisbee" legally recognized only as "Ultimate"?

Context: Ultimate, originally known as ultimate frisbee, is a non-contact team sport played with a disc flung by hand. Ultimate was developed in 1968 by AJ Gator in Maplewood, New Jersey. Although ultimate resembles many traditional sports in its athletic requirements, it is unlike most sports due to its focus on self-officiating, even at the highest levels of competition. The term "frisbee" is a registered trademark of the Wham-O toy company, and thus the sport is not formally called "ultimate Frisbee", though this name is still in common casual use. Points are scored by passing the disc to a teammate in the opposing end zone. Other basic rules are that players must not take steps while holding the disc, and interceptions, incomplete passes, and passes out of bounds are turnovers. Rain, wind, or occasionally other adversities can make for a testing match with rapid turnovers, heightening the pressure of play.

Answer: The key reason why the sport "Ultimate Frisbee" is legally known as "Ultimate" comes down to copyright issues. The sports company "Wham-O" trademarked one of their products as the "Ultimate Frisbee" which would require licensing fees for the sport to use this name or risk facing legal action.


Instruction: On a cross country roadtrip across the United States where we expect to drive for many hours per day, categorize each of the following as either 'necessary', 'somewhat necessary' or 'nice to have'. A bathroom break, a music playlist, snacks, a map.

Answer:
On a cross country roadtrip across the United States a bathroom break is necessary.
On a cross country roadtrip across the United States a music playlist is nice to have.
On a cross country roadtrip across the United States snacks are nice to have.
On a cross country roadtrip across the United States a a map is somewhat necessary.


Instruction: Tell me if these are foods that need to be refrigerated, frozen or neither: ice cream, popsicles, butter, popcorn, yogurt, cereal, chips

Answer: ice cream: frozen, popsicles: frozen, butter: refrigerated, popcorn: neither, yogurt: refrigerated, cereal: neither, chips: neither


Instruction: Did automobiles exist prior to the invention of the ICE (internal combustion engine)?

Context: Development of the automobile started in 1672 with the invention of the first steam-powered vehicle, which led to the creation of the first steam-powered automobile capable of human transportation, built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot in 1769. Inventors began to branch out at the start of the 19th century, creating the de Rivas engine, one of the first internal combustion engines, and an early electric motor. Samuel Brown later tested the first industrially applied internal combustion engine in 1826.

Answer: The first engines that were capable of enabling human transportation were steam powered engines. While the development of steam powered vehicles capable of enabling human transportation was initiated in 1672, the first actual steam powered automobile was built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot in 1769.


Instruction: Who are the top three winningest college football coaches

Answer: 1 - John Gagliardi (489 Wins); 2 - Joe Paterno (409 Wins); 3 - Eddie Robinson (408 Wins)


Instruction:
Summarize the opening of the Gettysburg Address in simple modern English.

"Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this."

Answer: 87 years ago, we created this country so that people could be equal. We will see if a country like this can survive civil war. It's right that we remember people who died fighting for this country and are buried here.


Instruction: Tell me whether each of these countries is north or south of the equator: Finland, Canada, South Africa, Iceland, Germany, Uruguay, Zimbabwe

Answer:
Finland: North
Canada: North
South Africa: South
Iceland: North
Germany: North
Uruguay: South
Zimbabwe: South


Instruction: Are you going for a walk today?

Answer: These rainy days haven't been the greatest, but now with that shining sun, it'd be a shame to stay in!


Instruction: What year was the car manufacturer Ferrari founded in?

Answer: Ferrari was founded in 1939 from the Alfa Romeo racing division as Auto Avio Costruzioni, the company built its first car in 1940, and produced its first Ferrari-badged car in 1947.


Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Red Hood, Bucky Barnes

Answer: Red Hood is DC, Bucky Barnes is Marvel


Instruction: How many syllables are in the word reverberate?

Answer: The word reverberate has 4 syllables: re-ver-ber-ate


Instruction: Help me come up with a cost efficient shopping plan for my family of four.

Answer:
There is no one shopping plan for any family of four; there are simply too many variables and constraints to consider - and too large a data set - to consider and make a recommendation for a family of four without further context. Some of these variables would include:
- Household income and net worth
- Cost of living
- Living and family arrangements
- Medical conditions

However, there are some basic guidelines which can inform a high percentage of households which rank among the median or most common scenarios. For example, for a family of four in the United States with median income and net worth:

- Set realistic budget and time numbers per month and document
- Document prices for low-cost household staples such as beans, rice, bread, milk, eggs, butter, oil, seasonings in your area by store
- Repeat for fresh fruit and vegetables, meat and fish, ready-to-eat foods, and other items for your family's diet
- Create a shopping list and mark down on your calendar when you will buy each item

There's a first step toward a cost efficient shopping plan for a family of four.


Instruction: What is Area 51 and what makes it famous?

Context: Area 51 is the common name of a highly classified United States Air Force (USAF) facility within the Nevada Test and Training Range. A remote detachment administered by Edwards Air Force Base, the facility is officially called Homey Airport (ICAO: KXTA, FAA LID: XTA) or Groom Lake (after the salt flat next to its airfield). Details of its operations are not made public, but the USAF says that it is an open training range, and it is commonly thought to support the development and testing of experimental aircraft and weapons systems. The intense secrecy surrounding the base has made it the frequent subject of conspiracy theories and a central component of unidentified flying object (UFO) folklore.

Answer: Area 51 is a facility in Nevada operated by the United States government. The origin of the name is unknown. It's believed its primary purpose is to develop and test aircraft and weapons. However, in recent years and decades, Area 51 has become famous and synonymous in pop culture with conspiracy theories, especially ones involving UFOs. It requires extremely high levels of government clearance to access Area 51. Thus, the mystery of its operations still remains.


Instruction: Who is the best rock and roll drummer of all time?

Answer: John Bonham


Instruction: How do you throw a cutter in Wiffle Ball?

Answer: Wiffle Ball is a game meant to simulate baseball with a ball and bat, pitching and batting, but with plastic bat and ball to make the game more accessible and convenient for small groups often as little as 2 players to enjoy.  A cutter, or "cut fastball" can be thrown in Wiffle Ball using a number of different methods, however, some popular approach include hold the middle of the ball and using the index finger to cut across the middle holes on the Wiffle Ball.  Other grips with two fingers together in the middle of the ball can be used for variations of movement on the cutter and experimenting with different angles across the holes of the Wiffle Ball will generate a cutter type movement.  The pitcher can throw with the same arm action as a fastball and allow the grip to create the late movement typical of a cutter.


Instruction: Given the this paragraph about the invention of transistors, why did lawyers at Bell Labs advise Shockley against filing a patent for his field-effect transistors?

Context: From November 17 to December 23, 1947, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain at AT&T's Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey performed experiments and observed that when two gold point contacts were applied to a crystal of germanium, a signal was produced with the output power greater than the input. Solid State Physics Group leader William Shockley saw the potential in this, and over the next few months worked to greatly expand the knowledge of semiconductors. The term transistor was coined by John R. Pierce as a contraction of the term transresistance. According to Lillian Hoddeson and Vicki Daitch, Shockley proposed that Bell Labs' first patent for a transistor should be based on the field-effect and that he be named as the inventor. Having unearthed Julius Edgar Lilienfeld's patents that went into obscurity years earlier, lawyers at Bell Labs advised against Shockley's proposal because the idea of a field-effect transistor that used an electric field as a "grid" was not new. Instead, what Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley invented in 1947 was the first point-contact transistor. To acknowledge this accomplishment, Shockley, Bardeen and Brattain jointly received the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect".

Answer: The idea had previously been proposed and patented by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld.


Instruction: Who is the first astronaut to get into space in China?

Context: In 2003, Yang Liwei was launched aboard Shenzhou 5, becoming the first person sent into space by the Chinese space program. This achievement made China the third country to independently send humans into space.

Answer: Yang Liwei, who reached space in 2003 onboard the Shenzhou 5 space ship, is the first astronaut in China to reach space.


Instruction: What does electronics deal with?

Answer: Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes, sensors and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies.


Instruction: what is a computer system?

Answer: A computer system is a nominally complete computer that includes the hardware, operating system (main software), and peripheral equipment needed and used for full operation. This term may also refer to a group of computers that are linked and function together, such as a computer network or computer cluster.


Instruction: What coloring of cat is almost always male?

Answer: Orange cats are generally male.


Instruction: What is special about Luis Miguel's music?

Answer: Luis Miguel is a Puerto Rican born Mexican singer. His nickname among the Latin American music industry and fan base is 'El Sol de México'. Luis Miguel is famous for taking legacy bolero and mariachi songs and modernizing them into mainstream pop romantic hits. Luis Miguel also has an unusual vocal range that spans three octaves. The combination of Luis Miguel's rare vocal talent along with the beautiful composition of the songs that he sings makes his music special.


Instruction: What is bubble tea?

Answer: Bubble tea is a tea-based drink that originated in Taiwan in the early 1980s. Taiwanese immigrants brought it to the United States in the 1990s, initially in California through regions like Los Angeles County, but the drink has also spread to other countries where there is a large East Asian diaspora population.


Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Lemon shark or Lemon

Answer: Lemon shark