Instruction: What is linear regression?

Answer: Linear regression is an approach for modeling the relationship between and independent and dependent variables.  It is a linear relationship that is described by a positive, negative, or a 0 slope.  The slope describes the velocity of the relationship being measured by the Linear Regression.  The variables measured using linear regression have to be continuous.  If any of your measurements are discrete you can take a log transform of those variables into order to make then continuous and be able to use Linear Regression.


Instruction: Give me a list of six different types of flowers I could buy someone

Answer: Carnations, Roses, Tulips, Peonies, Daffodils, Lilies


Instruction: What field of science (biology, physics or chemistry) was Marie Curie a researcher in?

Answer: Marie Curie was a chemist


Instruction: Given a reference text about Ainley's storm petrel, tell me when and where they breed.

Context:
Ainley's storm petrel (Hydrobates cheimomnestes) is a species of seabird in the family Hydrobatidae. It breeds in the winter on Guadalupe Island off the western coast of Mexico. It ranges south to the Galápagos Islands. It is considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of Leach's storm petrel.

Taxonomy
This species was first described as a subspecies of Leach's storm petrel (Hydrobates leucorhoa), by the United States marine ornithologist David Ainley. He distinguished it on grounds of physiology, morphology and voice, separating it from Townsend's storm petrel (Hydrobates socorroensis) which breeds on the same islands in the summer whereas Hydrobates cheimomnestes breeds in the winter. The species name cheimomnestes means "winter suitor", in reference to the fact that this bird breeds in the winter. There is still disagreement among authorities as to whether it should be regarded as a separate species. It is recognised as such by Avibase, but not by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. It was formerly defined in the genus Oceanodroma before that genus was synonymized with Hydrobates.

Answer: Ainley's storm petrel breed on Guadalupe Island in the winter.


Instruction: Why are protein waffles so dry?

Answer: Protein waffles lack butter causing them to be incredibly dry. Butter is flavorful, you should make waffles with butter and forget this protein waffle nonsense.


Instruction: What role did Danbury, Connecticut play in the American Revolution?

Context:
During the Revolutionary War, Danbury was an important military supply depot for the Continental Army. Sybil Ludington, 16-year-old daughter of American Colonel Henry Ludington, is said to have made a 40-mile ride in the early hours of the night on April 26, 1777, to warn the people of Danbury and her father's forces in Putnam County, New York, of the approach of British regulars, helping them muster in defense; these accounts, originating from the Ludington family, are questioned by modern scholars.

During the following day on April 26, 1777, the British, under Major General William Tryon, burned and sacked Danbury, but fatalities were limited due to Ludington's warning. The central motto on the seal of the City of Danbury is Restituimus, (Latin for "We have restored"), a reference to the destruction caused by the Loyalist army troops. The American General David Wooster was mortally wounded at the Battle of Ridgefield by the British forces which had raided Danbury, but at the beginning of the battle, the Americans succeeded in driving the British forces down to Long Island Sound. Wooster is buried in Danbury's Wooster Cemetery; the private Wooster School in Danbury also was named in his honor.

Answer: Danbury, Connecticut served as an important military depot for the Continental Army during the revolutionary war.  In April 26, 1777 the British Army attacked, burned and sacked the city, but the American troop were able to drive the British forces back to the Long Island sound.


Instruction: Given this article about Operation Aurora, How was the operation named?

Context:
Operation Aurora was a series of cyber attacks conducted by advanced persistent threats such as the Elderwood Group based in Beijing, China, with ties to the People's Liberation Army. First publicly disclosed by Google on January 12, 2010, in a blog post, the attacks began in mid-2009 and continued through December 2009.

The attack was aimed at dozens of other organizations, of which Adobe Systems, Akamai Technologies, Juniper Networks, and Rackspace have publicly confirmed that they were targeted. According to media reports, Yahoo, Symantec, Northrop Grumman, Morgan Stanley, and Dow Chemical were also among the targets.

As a result of the attack, Google stated in its blog that it plans to operate a completely uncensored version of its search engine in China "within the law, if at all," and acknowledged that if this is not possible, it may leave China and close its Chinese offices. Official Chinese sources claimed this was part of a strategy developed by the U.S. government.

The attack was named "Operation Aurora" by Dmitri Alperovitch, Vice President of Threat Research at cybersecurity company McAfee. Research by McAfee Labs discovered that "Aurora" was part of the file path on the attacker's machine that was included in two of the malware binaries McAfee said were associated with the attack. "We believe the name was the internal name the attacker(s) gave to this operation," McAfee Chief Technology Officer George Kurtz said in a blog post.

According to McAfee, the primary goal of the attack was to gain access to and potentially modify source code repositories at these high-tech, security, and defense contractor companies. "[The SCMs] were wide open," says Alperovitch. "No one ever thought about securing them, yet these were the crown jewels of most of these companies in many ways—much more valuable than any financial or personally identifiable data that they may have and spend so much time and effort protecting."

History

Flowers left outside Google China's headquarters after its announcement it might leave the country
On January 12, 2010, Google revealed on its blog that it had been the victim of a cyber attack. The company said the attack occurred in mid-December and originated from China. Google stated that over 20 other companies had been attacked; other sources have since cited that more than 34 organizations were targeted. As a result of the attack, Google said it was reviewing its business in China. On the same day, United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton issued a brief statement condemning the attacks and requesting a response from China.

On January 13, 2010, the news agency All Headline News reported that the United States Congress plans to investigate Google's allegations that the Chinese government used the company's service to spy on human rights activists.

In Beijing, visitors left flowers outside of Google's office. However, these were later removed, with a Chinese security guard stating that this was an "illegal flower tribute". The Chinese government has yet to issue a formal response, although an anonymous official stated that China was seeking more information on Google's intentions.

Attackers involved
Further information: Cyberwarfare by China
Technical evidence including IP addresses, domain names, malware signatures, and other factors, show Elderwood was behind the Operation Aurora attack. The "Elderwood" group was named by Symantec (after a source-code variable used by the attackers), and is referred to as the "Beijing Group" by Dell Secureworks. The group obtained some of Google's source code, as well as access to information about Chinese activists. Elderwood also targeted numerous other companies in the shipping, aeronautics, arms, energy, manufacturing, engineering, electronics, financial, and software sectors.

The "APT" designation for the Chinese threat actors responsible for attacking Google is APT17.

Elderwood specializes in attacking and infiltrating second-tier defense industry suppliers that make electronic or mechanical components for top defense companies. Those firms then become a cyber "stepping stone" to gain access to top-tier defense contractors. One attack procedure used by Elderwood is to infect legitimate websites frequented by employees of the target company – a so-called "water hole" attack, just as lions stake out a watering hole for their prey. Elderwood infects these less-secure sites with malware that downloads to a computer that clicks on the site. After that, the group searches inside the network to which the infected computer is connected, finding and then downloading executives' e-mails and critical documents on company plans, decisions, acquisitions, and product designs.

Attack analysis
In its blog posting, Google stated that some of its intellectual property had been stolen. It suggested that the attackers were interested in accessing Gmail accounts of Chinese dissidents. According to the Financial Times, two accounts used by Ai Weiwei had been attacked, their contents read and copied; his bank accounts were investigated by state security agents who claimed he was under investigation for "unspecified suspected crimes". However, the attackers were only able to view details on two accounts and those details were limited to things such as the subject line and the accounts' creation date.

Security experts immediately noted the sophistication of the attack. Two days after the attack became public, McAfee reported that the attackers had exploited purported zero-day vulnerabilities (unfixed and previously unknown to the target system developers) in Internet Explorer and dubbed the attack "Operation Aurora". A week after the report by McAfee, Microsoft issued a fix for the issue, and admitted that they had known about the security hole used since September. Additional vulnerabilities were found in Perforce, the source code revision software used by Google to manage their source code.

VeriSign's iDefense Labs claimed that the attacks were perpetrated by "agents of the Chinese state or proxies thereof".

According to a diplomatic cable from the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, a Chinese source reported that the Chinese Politburo directed the intrusion into Google's computer systems. The cable suggested that the attack was part of a coordinated campaign executed by "government operatives, public security experts and Internet outlaws recruited by the Chinese government." The report suggested that it was part of an ongoing campaign in which attackers have "broken into American government computers and those of Western allies, the Dalai Lama and American businesses since 2002." According to The Guardian's reporting on the leak, the attacks were "orchestrated by a senior member of the Politburo who typed his own name into the global version of the search engine and found articles criticising him personally."

Once a victim's system was compromised, a backdoor connection that masqueraded as an SSL connection made connections to command and control servers running in Illinois, Texas, and Taiwan, including machines that were running under stolen Rackspace customer accounts. The victim's machine then began exploring the protected corporate intranet that it was a part of, searching for other vulnerable systems as well as sources of intellectual property, specifically the contents of source code repositories.

The attacks were thought to have definitively ended on Jan 4 when the command and control servers were taken down, although it is not known at this point whether or not the attackers intentionally shut them down. However, the attacks were still occurring as of February 2010.

Response and aftermath
The German, Australian, and French governments publicly issued warnings to users of Internet Explorer after the attack, advising them to use alternative browsers at least until a fix for the security hole was made. The German, Australian, and French governments considered all versions of Internet Explorer vulnerable or potentially vulnerable.

In an advisory on January 14, 2010, Microsoft said that attackers targeting Google and other U.S. companies used software that exploits a hole in Internet Explorer. The vulnerability affects Internet Explorer versions 6, 7, and 8 on Windows 7, Vista, Windows XP, Server 2003, Server 2008 R2, as well as IE 6 Service Pack 1 on Windows 2000 Service Pack 4.

The Internet Explorer exploit code used in the attack has been released into the public domain, and has been incorporated into the Metasploit Framework penetration testing tool. A copy of the exploit was uploaded to Wepawet, a service for detecting and analyzing web-based malware operated by the computer security group at the University of California, Santa Barbara. "The public release of the exploit code increases the possibility of widespread attacks using the Internet Explorer vulnerability," said George Kurtz, CTO of McAfee, of the attack. "The now public computer code may help cybercriminals craft attacks that use the vulnerability to compromise Windows systems."

Security company Websense said it identified "limited public use" of the unpatched IE vulnerability in drive-by attacks against users who strayed onto malicious Web sites. According to Websense, the attack code it spotted is the same as the exploit that went public last week.[clarification needed] "Internet Explorer users currently face a real and present danger due to the public disclosure of the vulnerability and release of attack code, increasing the possibility of widespread attacks," said George Kurtz, chief technology officer of McAfee, in a blog update. Confirming this speculation, Websense Security Labs identified additional sites using the exploit on January 19. According to reports from Ahnlab, the second URL was spread through the Instant Messenger network Misslee Messenger, a popular IM client in South Korea.

Researchers have created attack code that exploits the vulnerability in Internet Explorer 7 (IE7) and IE8—even when Microsoft's recommended defensive measure (Data Execution Prevention (DEP)) is turned on.[dubious – discuss] According to Dino Dai Zovi, a security vulnerability researcher, "even the newest IE8 isn't safe from attack if it's running on Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) or earlier, or on Windows Vista RTM (release to manufacturing), the version Microsoft shipped in January 2007."

Microsoft admitted that the security hole used had been known to them since September. Work on an update was prioritized and on Thursday, January 21, 2010, Microsoft released a security patch aiming to counter this weakness, the published exploits based on it and a number of other privately reported vulnerabilities. They did not state if any of the latter had been used or published by exploiters or whether these had any particular relation to the Aurora operation, but the entire cumulative update was termed critical for most versions of Windows, including Windows 7.

Security researchers continued to investigate the attacks. HBGary, a security firm, released a report in which they claimed to have found some significant markers that might help identify the code developer. The firm also said that the code was Chinese language based but could not be specifically tied to any government entity.

On February 19, 2010, a security expert investigating the cyber-attack on Google, has claimed that the people behind the attack were also responsible for the cyber-attacks made on several Fortune 100 companies in the past one and a half years. They have also tracked the attack back to its point of origin, which seems to be two Chinese schools, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Lanxiang Vocational School. As highlighted by The New York Times, both of these schools have ties with the Chinese search engine Baidu, a rival of Google China. Both Lanxiang Vocational and Jiaotong University have denied the allegation.

In March 2010, Symantec, which was helping investigate the attack for Google, identified Shaoxing as the source of 21.3% of all (12 billion) malicious emails sent throughout the world.

Google retrospective
On October 3, 2022, Google on YouTube released a six-episode series covering the events that occurred during Operation Aurora, with commentary from insiders who dealt with the attack, though the series primary focus was to reassure the Google-using public that measures are in place to counter hacking attempts.

Answer: The attack was named "Operation Aurora" by Dmitri Alperovitch, Vice President of Threat Research at cybersecurity company McAfee. Research by McAfee Labs discovered that "Aurora" was part of the file path on the attacker's machine that was included in two of the malware binaries McAfee said were associated with the attack. "We believe the name was the internal name the attacker(s) gave to this operation," McAfee Chief Technology Officer George Kurtz said in a blog post.


Instruction: Which German word means lightning war used in WW2

Answer: Blitzkrieg


Instruction: From the given text, List some details about the song "Key West (Philosopher Pirate)"

Context:
"Key West (Philosopher Pirate)" is a song written and performed by the American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan and released as the ninth track on his 2020 album Rough and Rowdy Ways. It is a mid-tempo, accordion-driven ballad that has been cited as a high point of the album by many critics.

It is the only song on the album to feature a traditional chorus and one of only two songs (the other being "I've Made Up My Mind to Give Myself to You") to feature backing vocals.

Answer:
1. Bob Dylan, an American singer-songwriter, wrote and recorded the song "Key West (Philosopher Pirate)," which was included as the ninth track on his 2020 album Rough and Rowdy Ways.
2. Many reviews have praised this mid-tempo, accordion-driven ballad as the album's best track.
3. It is one of just two songs on the album (the other being "I've Made Up My Mind to Give Myself to You") to have backup singers, and it is the only song on the album with a conventional chorus.


Instruction: Give me the steps to purchase a new pair of shoes.

Answer:
First, determine the style of shoes you desire. (E.g. sneakers, sandals, tuxedo shoes)
Second, check your shoe size.
Third, browse online or in a store and filter your choices according to your budget, style and availability. Try the shoes on before purchase if possible to ensure a good fit and comfort.
Fourth, select your shoes and proceed to purchase.
Fifth, purchase the shoes either online or in the store.


Instruction: If I'm strong in the gym will I be good at rock climbing?

Answer:
The answer is a bit complicated. Being physically fit will benefit you in rock climbing, like it will in many other sports. Traits such as shoulder strength, core strength, and pulling strength are all required to be a successful rock climber.

The key element needed to become a great or even just good rock climber, however, is finger and wrist strength. So much of rock climbing revolves around your ability to hold on to very tiny or oddly shaped grips to keep you on the wall. Few other sports emphasize finger strength the way rock climbing does. Yet, like all other muscles in your body, finger strength is an element that can be developed over time.

With the right balance of both general athletics, body control, and finger strength you can become a great rock climber.


Instruction: Tell a child a story about a dinosaur who plays baseball but has to take a break due to an injury

Answer: There once was a dinosaur named Danny. Danny loved baseball and was the star hitter on his school baseball team, the Diamondbacks. Every time he hit a homer, he imagined he was sending a comet into space. One day Danny stepped up to the plate and the pitcher slipped while pitching the ball... the ball was coming straight at Danny! He tried to move out of the way but when he did, HE tripped and his foot bent sideways. Oh no, it hurt so much! Danny's coach took him to the doctor and the doctor said he would need surgery to fix his foot and that he should try a different hobby than baseball, so his foot would have time to heal. Danny started thinking about how he could keep that feeling of hitting homers while he wasn't able to play baseball. He started thinking about those comets he was hitting into space, and he decided to start reading about astronomy. Astronomy, it turns out, is really interesting! Danny learned about planets and suns and moons. He loved that he could imagine the solar system as one big baseball game. His aunt bought him a telescope so he could see his homers in outer space. Danny thought it was so fun to learn about astronomy, and he decided he would become an astronomer baseball star when he grew up. The end.


Instruction: Which of these Disney cartoons were remade as a live action movie? Lion King, Toy Story, Aladdin, Jungle Book, Fox and the Hound, Shrek

Answer: Disney made a live action version of The Lion King, Aladdin, and The Jungle Book. Disney has not announced plans to remake Toy Story or The Fox and the Hound as live action movies. Shrek is not a Disney movie and there is not a live action version.


Instruction: Tell me whether these are cheese or bread: Gouda, Focaccia, Brie, Baguette, Pecorino, Romano, Cheddar, Brioche, Ciabatta, Manchego, Smoked Gouda, Pita, Sourdough

Answer:
Gouda is a type of cheese.
Focaccia is a type of bread.
Brie is a type of cheese.
Baguette is a type of bread.
Pecorino Romano is a type of cheese.
Cheddar is a type of cheese.
Brioche is a type of bread.
Ciabatta is a type of bread.
Manchego is a type of cheese.
Smoked Gouda is a type of cheese.
Pita is a type of bread.
Sourdough is a type of bread.


Instruction: Where does the word cliche come from?

Answer: Cliche comes from the sound old printing presses made when making copies.


Instruction: Describe a situation in which scraping data from the web may be justified. Illustrate this situation with a specific example.

Answer:
I envisioned a business that tracks all the B2B digital partnerships (data connectors between apps). The B2B partnership data can be easily monetized with ads and can be a data source for content-generation activities like blogs, interactive charts, etc. An example of B2B partnership data is an app store or digital marketplace. (Example - https://ecosystem.hubspot.com/marketplace/apps/).

HubSpot ecosystem has B2B partnerships with 600+ companies. A rich data set that tracks B2B partnership data must track thousands of companies' App Store or marketplace. For example, the company's marketplace data connectors include the HubSpot ecosystem, Salesforce app exchange, Google Cloud marketplace, Azure, and Dropbox connectors. The B2B data connectors for all the companies must be scrapped from the company's website and are not available via API or other methods.


Instruction: Please give me a bulleted list of the different types of horses cited in the text as well as their maximum height in centimeters (separated by a comma)

Context: The size of horses varies by breed, but also is influenced by nutrition. Light-riding horses usually range in height from 14 to 16 hands (56 to 64 inches, 142 to 163 cm) and can weigh from 380 to 550 kilograms (840 to 1,210 lb). Larger-riding horses usually start at about 15.2 hands (62 inches, 157 cm) and often are as tall as 17 hands (68 inches, 173 cm), weighing from 500 to 600 kilograms (1,100 to 1,320 lb). Heavy or draft horses are usually at least 16 hands (64 inches, 163 cm) high and can be as tall as 18 hands (72 inches, 183 cm) high. They can weigh from about 700 to 1,000 kilograms (1,540 to 2,200 lb).

Answer:
- Light-riding horses, 163 cm
- Larger-riding horses, 173 cm
- Heavy or draft horses, 183 cm


Instruction: What are the best things about being in a loving relationship?

Answer: No matter how bad your day goes, no matter how small people may make you feel, no matter how cruel the outside world can be, you know that you are loved, valued, appreciated, and cherished. Someone thinks the world of you, and they can't imagine life without you. You feel safe. They help you heal from old wounds. They make you strong, confident, and resilient. They lift you up. They give you something to look forward to every single day. And being in their arms feels like home. There is no better way to spend your life than loving your soulmate.


Instruction: Why do people say "if I had a nickle for every time"?

Answer: "If I had a nickle for every time" is a common saying used in the English language to describe a situation that happens repeatedly. The implication, which is meant to be an exaggeration, is that the individual would be wealthy or make substantial money due to the volume of times the event is repeated. Oftentimes, it refers to a question or comment that an individual hears repeatedly.


Instruction: Think of different ways to make friends

Answer:
Here are some ways to make friends:
1. Join a running club or other sports league
2. Go out to social bars and restaurants
3. Take time to meet your friend's friends
4. Ask coworkers to hang out after work
5. Join different local groups on social media platforms


Instruction: Are penguins native to Alaska?

Answer: Penguins are not native to Alaska; they are only found near the South Pole.


Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Rainbowfish or Rain

Answer: Rainbowfish


Instruction: What is a credit score?

Answer: A credit score is a numerical representation of a person's ability to buy using credit and paying off the credit spent.  How much debt and how many credit cards a person has plays a factor in this numerical value.  This value also represents the person's credit worthiness and information from credit bureaus helps to calculate the credit score.  Credit scores are important when trying to get loans for things like cars, homes, and other things a person buys using financing.


Instruction: Who wrote Dr Zhivago

Answer: Boris Pasternak


Instruction: Is Spain a good place to live?

Answer:
Spain could be a great place to live depending on what you are looking for.

Spain has amazing weather, very friendly people, amazing food and a good amount of history to learn about. As a tourist or short term visitor, you could have a blast.

On the other hand, for a long term stay where you need to earn some income… unemployment is a big problem in Spain for the youth.


Instruction: How many players are there on each side of a water polo game, including the goalie

Answer: There are seven players on each side of a water polo game


Instruction: When was the NFL founded? Which NFL team won the most Super Bowls? Which quarterback has won the most Super Bowls?

Answer:
The NFL was officially founded in 1920.
The New England Patriots have won 6 titles.
Tom Brady has won 7 superbowls


Instruction: What is an RFI (request for information)?

Answer: An RFI (request for information) is a structured acquisition process for gathering information from potential suppliers of a good or service. RFIs are written by customers and their contracts organization and sent to potential suppliers. An RFI is typically the first and broadest series of requests intended to narrow down a list of potential vendors.


Instruction: Can you please describe the game of golf?

Answer:
Golf originated in Scotland in the 15th century. It is mostly regarded as an "upper-class" sport reserved for members of private country clubs, but has gained a lot of popularity over the last few decades. As a result, golf has become more broadly accessible to the general public, and today the sport is enjoyed by tens of millions of people around the world.

In golf, there are a total of eighteen stretches of grass, known as holes. Each hole is comprised of a tee box, where the golfer hits his or her initial shot, the fairway, and the green. Most holes also include deep grass that runs along the fairways, known as "the rough". For added difficulty, holes can also contain hazards like sand bunkers or bodies of water like ponds and creeks. A small circular hole is located on every green and is marked with a flag so that golfers can see it from far away. The objective is to get your golf ball from the tee box into that small hole in as few shots (known as "strokes") as possible. Golfers advance their ball by striking it with a golf club, and each ball strike is counted as a stroke. Golfers are allowed to use up to 14 golf clubs over the course of their round, each of which is used for different purposes, from different distances. Some clubs, like the driver, are used to hit the ball very long distances. In fact, most professional golfers are able to drive the ball over 300 yards. That's the length of three football fields! A combination of clubs called irons make up the majority of a set of golf clubs. They are are generally used to advance the ball to the green after the golfer hits his or her initial tee shot. The club face of each iron is designed with a different loft angle. Higher loft angles enable golfers to hit the ball higher in the air and shorter distances, whereas low loft angles produce lower trajectory shots that travel longer distances. The most frequently used club in the set is the putter, which is used to tap the ball from wherever it lies on the green into the hole. On average, most good golfers will putt the ball twice per hole, or approximately 36 times per round.

Golf holes are designated as par 3, par 4, or par 5, depending on their length. These numbers are an indication of how many strokes it should take for a professional golfer to complete the hole. Par 3 holes are shorter, and should take a single stroke to get the ball from tee to green. Par 5 holes are longer, and should typically take three strokes to get from tee to green. Most golf courses have four par 3 holes, four par 5 holes, and ten par 4 holes, yielding an aggregate of par 72. At the end of a round of golf, players calculate their final score by aggregating their total number of strokes across all eighteen holes. Over time, the golfer's skill level is assessed by his or her "handicap", which is a system that reflects the average number of strokes over par that the player typically shoots. For example, if one's average round score is 79, their handicap is 7 because it's 7 strokes above par. The lower the handicap, the better the golfer.


Instruction: What can I do in Amsterdam on a rainy day?

Answer:
Even if it's raining, there are a lot of things you can do in Amsterdam. Try these:

1. Visit the Van Gogh Museum, the largest collection of Van Gogh's art.
2. Visit the Rijksmuseum, with artwork from many other Dutch and European masters.
3. Enjoy some delicious Dutch food, like bitterballen, kroket, poffertjes or stroopwafels.
4. Enjoy some drinks, such as the many local beer varieties or or mulled wine.
5. Take a canal tour in a covered boat and enjoy the sights.


Instruction: What are the words of House Serrett?

Answer: "I Have No Rival"


Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of ways to protect a house from hurricane damage

Answer:
The following are ways to protect a house from hurricane damage:
1. Ensure all exterior windows are impact windows
2. Build the house elevated above ground level
3. Use sandbags to reduce water entering exterior doors
4. Cover windows with plywood or hurricane shutters
5. Don't build a house in hurricane and flood prone areas


Instruction: Who is FDR?

Context: Franklin Delano Roosevelt (/ˈdɛlənoʊ ˈroʊzəvɛlt, -vəlt/ DEL-ə-noh ROH-zə-velt, -vəlt; January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), commonly known as FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. He previously served as the 44th governor of New York from 1929 to 1933, the Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 1913 to 1920, and a member of the New York State Senate from 1911 to 1913.

Answer:
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (/ˈdɛlənoʊ ˈroʊzəvɛlt, -vəlt/ DEL-ə-noh ROH-zə-velt, -vəlt; January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), commonly known as FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. He previously served as the 44th governor of New York from 1929 to 1933, the Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 1913 to 1920, and a member of the New York State Senate from 1911 to 1913.

Roosevelt attended Groton School, Harvard College, and Columbia Law School, going on to practice law in New York City. He won election to the New York State Senate in 1910 and then served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under president Woodrow Wilson during World War I. Roosevelt was James M. Cox's running mate on the Democratic Party's ticket in the 1920 United States presidential election, but Cox was defeated by Republican Warren G. Harding. In 1921, Roosevelt contracted a paralytic illness that permanently paralyzed his legs. He returned to public office by winning the 1928 New York gubernatorial election. He served as governor of New York from 1929 to 1933, promoting programs to combat the Great Depression besetting the United States at the time. In the 1932 presidential election, Roosevelt defeated Republican incumbent president Herbert Hoover in a landslide.

During his first 100 days as president, Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented federal legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal. He created numerous programs to provide relief to the unemployed and farmers while seeking economic recovery with the National Recovery Administration and other programs. He also instituted major regulatory reforms related to finance, communications, and labor, and presided over the end of Prohibition. In 1936, Roosevelt won a landslide reelection with the economy having improved rapidly from 1933, but the economy relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 and 1938. Later, Roosevelt unsuccessfully sought passage of the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937. The conservative coalition formed in 1937 to block the implementation of further New Deal programs and reforms. He ran successfully for reelection in 1940, becoming the only American president to serve for more than two terms.

With World War II looming after 1938 in addition to the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany, Roosevelt gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China as well as the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union while the United States remained officially neutral. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, he obtained a declaration of war on Japan the next day, and a few days later, on Germany and Italy. He worked closely with other national leaders in leading the Allies against the Axis powers. Roosevelt supervised the mobilization of the American economy to support the war effort and implemented a Europe first strategy. He also initiated the development of the world's first atomic bomb and worked with the other Allied leaders to lay the groundwork for the United Nations and other post-war institutions. He won reelection in 1944 but with his physical health seriously and steadily declining during the war years, he died in 1945. Since his death, several of Roosevelt's actions have come under substantial criticism, such as his ordering of the incarceration of Japanese Americans in concentration camps. Nonetheless, historical rankings consistently rank Roosevelt as one of the greatest presidents in American history.


Instruction: What is celiac disease?

Context: Coeliac disease (British English) or celiac disease (American English) is a long-term autoimmune disorder, primarily affecting the small intestine, where individuals develop intolerance to gluten, present in foods such as wheat, rye and barley. Classic symptoms include gastrointestinal problems such as chronic diarrhoea, abdominal distention, malabsorption, loss of appetite, and among children failure to grow normally. This often begins between six months and two years of age. Non-classic symptoms are more common, especially in people older than two years. There may be mild or absent gastrointestinal symptoms, a wide number of symptoms involving any part of the body, or no obvious symptoms. Coeliac disease was first described in childhood; however, it may develop at any age. It is associated with other autoimmune diseases, such as Type 1 diabetes mellitus and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, among others.

Answer: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder affecting the small intestine where the ingestion of gluten can lead to long-term serious health issues.


Instruction: What are the words of House Crakehall?

Answer: "None So Fierce"


Instruction: Tell me whether these are solid or gas at room temperature: oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide.

Answer: Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide are gases at room temperature.


Instruction: Why do we have car registrations

Answer: Car registrations are a yearly mandatory registration for all operable cars that drive on public roads.  Its a way to keep track of the number of cars on the roads and to also collect taxes from people who drive on public roads for public road maintenance and repair.  The price to register a vehicle depends on the type of vehicle, size, dimensions and weight.


Instruction: What is apartheid, and which country experienced it?

Context: Portugal's overseas presence in sub-Saharan Africa (most notably in Angola, Cape Verde, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe) lasted from the 16th century to 1975, after the Estado Novo regime was overthrown in a military coup in Lisbon. Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence from the United Kingdom in 1965, under the white minority government of Ian Smith, but was not internationally recognized as an independent state (as Zimbabwe) until 1980, when black nationalists gained power after a bitter guerrilla war. Although South Africa was one of the first African countries to gain independence, the state remained under the control of the country's white minority through a system of racial segregation known as apartheid until 1994.

Answer: Apartheid is a system of racial segregation in South Africa.


Instruction: What is a skiff?

Answer: Skiff is a type of boat.  A skiff is commonly used for flats fishing.  Fishing in shallow water requires a boat that has a very shallow draft.


Instruction: Given this paragraph, where did the German dish sauerkraut originate from?

Context: Although "sauerkraut" is from a German word (Sauerkraut), the dish did not originate in Germany. Some claim fermenting cabbage suan cai was already practised in the days of the building of the Great Wall of China and that the practice was likely transmitted from China to Europe by the Tartars. However, the Romans, as previously noted, pickled forms of cabbage, and were the more likely source of modern-day sauerkraut  It then took root in Central and Eastern European cuisines, but also in other countries including the Netherlands, where it is known as zuurkool, and France, where the name became choucroute. The English name is borrowed from German where it means "sour cabbage". The names in Slavic and other Central and Eastern European languages have similar meanings with the German word: "fermented cabbage" (Albanian: lakër turshi, Azerbaijani: kələm turşusu, Belarusian: квашаная капуста, Czech: kysané zelí, Lithuanian: rauginti kopūstai, Russian: квашеная капуста, tr. kvašenaja kapusta, Turkısh: lahana turşusu, Romanian: varză murată, Persian: kalam torş, Ukrainian: квашена капуста) or "sour cabbage" (Bulgarian: кисело зеле, Estonian: hapukapsas, Finnish: hapankaali, Hungarian: savanyúkáposzta, Latvian: skābēti kāposti, Macedonian: расол / кисела зелка, Polish: kapusta kiszona, Russian: кислая капуста, tr. kislaya kapusta, Serbo-Croatian: кисели купус / кисело зелје, kiseli kupus / kiselo zelje, Slovak: kyslá kapusta, Slovene: kislo zelje, Ukrainian: кисла капуста, kysla kapusta).

Answer: The Romans are believed to be the most likely origin of the German dish called sauerkraut.


Instruction: What is the difference between baking soda and baking powder?

Answer: Baking soda is the common name for a chemical compound called sodium bicarbonate. It usually comes in the form of a white fine powder. It's a versatile product that can be used for baking and cleaning. On the other hand, baking powder is made of baking soda plus cream of tartar and cornstarch. It's typically used for baking and helps your goodies come out light and airy.


Instruction: Out of these animals, categorize them as either 'small' or 'large: A horse, a mouse, an elephant, a snake, and a whale.

Answer: The horse, elephant, and whale would all be categorized as large animals in this example. A snake and a mouse are much smaller by comparison, so these would be considered small animals.


Instruction: What is the most famous sport in the world

Answer: Soccer is one of the most famous sports . With Fan base of ~4 Billion soccer is one support which can be considered to be most viewed sport in the the world.


Instruction: What are the supplies needed for block printing?

Answer: Block printing is an art form where the artist carves a block (most commonly vinyl or rubber) and uses ink to press the image as a print. The supplies needed for this are the block to carve, a carving tool, a roller for ink application, ink, paper or material for the image. A smooth, flat surface is needed to roll out the ink as well; a small sheet of glass or plexiglass works well for this.


Instruction: What was the SS Frosta

Answer: SS Frosta was a Norwegian oil tanker, built in 1961 in Germany by Bremer Vulcan and owned by A/S J. Ludwig Mowinckels Rederi of Bergen, Norway. The Frosta was 664 feet in length, 90 feet in breadth, with a gross weight of 22,850 tons, and powered by a steam turbine engine, rated at 16,800 horsepower. It was rebuilt as a chemical tanker in 1971. It was decommissioned in 1979.


Instruction: When teaching children about when to do things, which would you say are things people do in the morning, and which are not? Wake up, fall asleep, drink coffee,  put on pyjamas, turn off the lights, have breakfast.

Answer: Things that people tend to do in the morning are to wake up, drink coffee and have breakfast. Fall asleep, put on pyjamas and turn off the lights are not things that people typically do in the morning.


Instruction:
Summarize the following text into a sentence of 20 words or less:

U.S. Justice Department and FBI investigators have amassed new evidence indicating possible obstruction by former President Donald Trump in the probe into classified documents found at his Florida estate, the Washington Post reported on Sunday, citing sources.

FBI agents seized thousands of government records, some marked as highly classified, from Trump's Mar-a-Lago estate in August. The investigation is one of two criminal inquiries into the former president being led by Special Counsel Jack Smith.

Trump, who was indicted on Thursday in a separate inquiry in New York, has denied any wrongdoing in the cases and describes them as politically motivated.

After his advisers received a subpoena in May demanding the return of the classified records, Trump looked through some of the boxes of government documents in his home out of an apparent desire to keep certain things in his possession, the Post reported, citing people familiar with the investigation.

Investigators also have evidence indicating Trump told others to mislead government officials in early 2022, before the subpoena, when the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration was working to recover documents from Trump's time as president, the Post reported.

The FBI referred questions to the Justice Department, which did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

In a statement to the Post, Trump spokesman Steven Cheung said that the "witch-hunts against President Trump have no basis in facts or law," and accused Special Counsel Smith and the Justice Department of leaking information to manipulate public opinion.

Smith's investigations are among a growing number of legal worries for Trump, who in November launched a campaign seeking the 2024 Republican presidential nomination.
In addition to the New York probe, Trump faces a Georgia inquiry over whether he tried to overturn his 2020 election defeat in the state.

Answer: Following a historic first of an indictment of a former president, Trump also faces increased activity across 3 other investigations.


Instruction: What are a list of items I should have on my grocery shopping list every week

Answer: Plant-based milk, oatmeal, strawberries, blueberries, bananas, avocado, pineapple, kale, tofu, chickpeas, rice, sweet potatoes, bread, onion, lemons, bell peppers, mushrooms, pretzels, carrots, limes, garlic, spinach, crackers, hummus, grapes, tomatoes, salsa, tempeh, cabbage, rosemary, basil, cucumber


Instruction: Given this paragraph about the Tour De France, how long is the race

Context: The Tour de France (French pronunciation: [tuʁ də fʁɑ̃s]) is an annual men's multiple-stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally passing through nearby countries. Like the other Grand Tours (the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España), it consists of 21 stages, each a day long, over the course of 23 days, coinciding with the Bastille Day holiday. It is the oldest of the Grand Tours and generally considered the most prestigious.

Answer: The tour de france is 21 stages long, with each stage taking one day to complete. The race takes 23 days from start to finish due to 2 rest days the riders receive.


Instruction: Choose the word which is different from the rest: kiwi, eagle, emu, ostrich

Answer: all except eagle are flightless birds


Instruction: What are some of the pros of subleasing?

Answer: Subleasing can provide flexibility to a tenant, allowing them to move earlier than anticipated without having to continue to pay double rent or a lease breaking fee (often 1.5 to 2 times monthly rent, if allowed at all!) For the subletter, it can provide a way in which to find a lease with a non standard length (like 4 or 8 months, not typically offered) at a great rate. For landlords, it continues to keep their space occupied, and provides a new potential next tenant. Needless to say there are wins all around!


Instruction: What is the Nazi foreign policy debate

Answer: The foreign policy and war aims of the Nazis have been the subject of debate among historians. The Nazis governed Germany between 1933 and 1945. There has been disagreement over whether Adolf Hitler aimed solely at European expansion and domination, or whether he planned for a long-term global empire.


Instruction: What is the difference between stress and strain?

Answer:
Stress is calculated as the pressure applied per unit area. So stress is essentially the force applied to an object divided by the cross sectional area of where the force is being applied to.

Strain is calculated as the change in  parameter value (length, height or angle) as it experiences stress. It is unitless. So strain is essentially the deformation that occurs due to the stress that is applied.

Young's Modulus is a mechanical property that is computed by dividing stress over strain. It is typically expressed in GPa (giga Pascals)


Instruction: How many days was the women's individual competition?

Context: The women's individual competition at the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta, Indonesia was held from 23 August to 26 August (inclusive) at the Pondok Indah Golf & Country Club.

Answer: 4 days. 26-23+1 = 4. Counting 23, 24, 25, 26 equals 4 days.


Instruction: What did Gertrude Townend do

Answer: Gertrude Catherine Townend was a British nurse and suffragette. She provided, with Nurse Catherine Pine, a care home for suffragettes recovering from imprisonment and force-feeding, and participated in suffragette gatherings.


Instruction: What is basketball?

Answer: Basketball is a sport where two teams play against each other on a court with two hoops.  One hoop is for each team.  Each teams scores a point by putting a ball through the opponent's hoop.  They play against each other in a rectangular style court and each team consists of 5 players each.


Instruction: Write a short letter to a dear friend who just lost their Mother, only six months after losing their father.  Both of their parents were someone you and your family were also very close with.

Answer: There are no words to express our deepest sympathy at the passing of your Mother and our dear friend.  She was the strongest woman with the biggest heart and always treated us as if we were her own.  Her passing leaves a gapping hole in our hearts but know that we find peace knowing she is free from pain and reunited with your father, who we know was waiting to greet her with open arms.  Our childhood was richer because of both of your parents and more memorable because of their love.  We are so sorry that you lost your parents so close together and will forever remember them by their deep faith, their remarkable smiles and their love for everyone that was lucky enough to know them.


Instruction: What is the Antartic?

Answer: The Antarctic is a polar region around Earth's South Pole, opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole. The Antarctic comprises the continent of Antarctica, the Kerguelen Plateau and other island territories located on the Antarctic Plate or south of the Antarctic Convergence. The Antarctic region includes the ice shelves, waters, and all the island territories in the Southern Ocean situated south of the Antarctic Convergence, a zone approximately 32 to 48 km (20 to 30 mi) wide varying in latitude seasonally. The region covers some 20 percent of the Southern Hemisphere, of which 5.5 percent (14 million km2) is the surface area of the Antarctica continent itself. All of the land and ice shelves south of 60°S latitude are administered under the Antarctic Treaty System. Biogeographically, the Antarctic realm is one of eight biogeographic realms of Earth's land surface.


Instruction: What is a 'Public' School in the UK?

Answer: Public School is a term used for an independent fee-paying school in the UK.  This is because when the schools were initially set-up, they were for the use of fee-paying parents who would share a teacher as a replacement for a dedicated at-home tutor for their children


Instruction: Name different corporate messaging applications companies use.

Answer: Corporate messaging applications companies use include Slack, Teams, and Google Chat.


Instruction: Why do some countries outperform other countries in certain sports despite having a smaller population?

Answer:
A country's success in a given sport at the international level will depend on a number of factors other than population alone. While a country's population is a good identifier for the total selection pool for high performing athletes to come from, it is one of many factors. A country's founding history, climate zone, and GDP are other notable factors in sport performance.

A nations history plays factor as many sports are baked in centuries of tradition. For example, Cricket, which is believed to have originated in England is most popular in countries that were originally British Colonies. Long traditions such as this set specific sports into the culture of a nation, increasing the percentage of the athlete pool that it can pull from and can increase the level at which that nation is competitive.

Climate zone can also influence the competitiveness of a country in given sports. Norway, fore example, earned the most olympic medals of any country in the 2022 olympic games with a total of 37 medals. In the summer games of 2020 (held in 2021), Norway ranked 20th overall with just 8 medals. Norways Climate and Topography have led winter sports to be extremely popular, and Norway has over time developed elite programs in cross country/nordic skiing, speed skating, curling, biathlon, and ski jumping.

A nations wealth will also influence performance in sport at the international level. This occurs predominantly for two reasons. First is that more money enables larger budgets on equipment, coaching, player development, participation in international circuits, data insights, medical staff etc. that over time create a performance separation from those who can not afford these things. Second is access to sports, many sports are quite expensive some examples include snow sports, gymnastics, swimming, hockey, and polo. Nations which can not afford to provide the facilities or support to develop athletes will often fail to draw a large talent pool and not be competitive at the international level.


Instruction: Who owns Ritz Crackers?

Context:
Ritz Crackers is a brand of snack cracker introduced by Nabisco in 1934. The original style crackers are disc-shaped, lightly salted, and approximately 46 millimetres (1.8 in) in diameter.[citation needed]. Each cracker has seven perforations and a finely scalloped edge. Today, the Ritz cracker brand is owned by Mondelēz International.

A single serving of the original cracker (about 5 crackers or 15 grams) provides 330 kilojoules (79 kilocalories) of food energy, 1 gram of protein, and 4 grams of fat; the whole wheat variety provides 290 kJ (70 kcal) and 2.5 grams of fat.

Answer: Ritz was originally owned by the consumer product brand Nabisco, although after changing ownership, it is owned by Mondelēz International.


Instruction: What is the sport called Cricket

Answer: Cricket is a sport first originated in Wngland. Cricket was invented by British. While cricket was primarily played starting 17th century, there have been some obscure and speculative references of sport being played in 13th century during era of King Edward II. Cricket is game played with a flat bat and a ball with each team consisting of 11 players. The goal of the game is to score as many runs as a team can score while getting their turn to bat and getting the other team out before they can reach their target. Each team can bat once and have to field while other team bats. Cricket is played in circular or oval shaped fields. The patch in the middle of the ground is called the pitch which is 22 yards in length. At each end of the pitch, three sticks are planted in the ground called stumps. Two small wooden pieces are placed on top of stumps called bails. This setup is called a wicket. Two batters from the batting team will bat on each end of the pitch. Runs are scored by hitting a ball and then running back and forth from one end of the pitch to another end. Batter can send the ball to the boundary while pitching on the ground one or more times to score 4 runs or hit the ball over the boundary without having it bounce on the ground to score 6 runs. Fielding team will place 11 of their players at various locations in the field. Person from the fielding team throwing the ball to a batter from batting team is called a bowler. Bowler’s goal is to get the batter out. Bowler will typically throw the ball on the pitch letting it bounce once on the pitch and eventually reaching a batter. There are different ways to dismiss or get a batter out. The bowler can throw the ball to a batter, induce a shot from the batter and have that ball caught directly by one of the fielder in the field. Bowler can also throw the ball toward a batter to make him or her miss and to hit the stumps or bails, thus disturbing his wicket. Bowler will deliver ball 6 times when their turn comes up. The grouping of 6 deliveries that a bowler throws to a batter is called an Over. Batters can also get run out while attempting to score a run and getting caught outside of their safe zone marked by a crease at each end of the pitch. Modern game of cricket contains many versions. These versions are called Test Cricket, One day internationals (ODI), and Twenty20. Originally, game of cricket lasted for many days. In the older version of the game , each team got a chance to bat twice and field twice taking as many days as possible to conclude the game. In modern version of the game, this mode of play called Test Cricket has been fixed to five days. So, Test cricket can last as many as five days.  One day internationals (also referred to as ODI) is a game of cricket that lasts one day. Each side gets 50 overs to bowl to another team and each side gets to bat once. Goal of a team is to score as many runs as possible in 50 overs while restricting their opposition to lesser score or getting them out completely. ODI typically lasts for 6 to 7 hours. Even more popular version of the game is called Twenty20 or T20. In this mode of the game, each team only gets 20 overs to bat and have to get their opponents out in 20 overs or to restrict them to lesser number of runs. This mode of cricket is very popular because the game only lasts for 3 hours requiring much less time of the viewers. There are many countries beside England that currently play cricket making the sport a truly global sport. The countries that play cricket are England, South Africa, Australia, India, Pakistan, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, West Indies.  The sport is also played by new entrants in the game, namely Netherlands, Ireland, Namibia, UAE, Afghanistan, USA, Canada, Papua New Guinea.


Instruction: Why are gaming conferences fun for everyone?

Answer: Gaming conferences can be fun for everyone because they are interactive and immersive experiences that go on for days.  Gaming conferences allow you to meet new people from all walks of life and ages.  People enjoy gaming with family, friends, and colleagues.  There are creative people selling new gaming ideas, competitive people trying to beat their opponents with strategy and luck, and outgoing people who just like to talk and interact with others.


Instruction: What is a sedentary way of living?

Answer: When we talk about sedentarism in a community, we're talking about a group of people who settle down in one place and build their economic, social, and cultural lives there. The change from being nomadic to staying in one place is what led to the first civilizations. When we say that someone has a sedentary lifestyle, we mean that they sit or lie down for a long time and don't move around much or at all.


Instruction: What is LSD

Context: Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD (from German Lysergsäure-diethylamid), also known colloquially as acid, is a potent psychedelic drug. Effects typically include intensified thoughts, emotions, and sensory perception. At sufficiently high dosages LSD manifests primarily mental, visual, as well as auditory, hallucinations. Dilated pupils, increased blood pressure, and increased body temperature are typical. Effects typically begin within half an hour and can last for up to 20 hours. LSD is also capable of causing mystical experiences and ego dissolution. It is used mainly as a recreational drug or for spiritual reasons. LSD is both the prototypical psychedelic and one of the "classical" psychedelics, being the psychedelics with the greatest scientific and cultural significance. LSD is typically either swallowed or held under the tongue. It is most often sold on blotter paper and less commonly as tablets, in a watery solution or in gelatin squares called panes.

Answer:
Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD (from German Lysergsaeure-diethylamid), also known colloquially as acid, is a potent psychedelic drug.

Effects typically include intensified thoughts, emotions, and sensory perception. At sufficiently high dosages LSD manifests primarily mental, visual, as well as auditory, hallucinations. Dilated pupils, increased blood pressure, and increased body temperature are typical.


Instruction: How tall is 970 Park Ave?

Context:
970 Park Avenue is a luxury residential housing cooperative in Manhattan, New York City.

970 was designed by the New York architectural firm of Schwartz & Gross and built by the developers Bing & Bing. It is located on Park Avenue and East 83rd Street.

The 12-story building was erected in 1912. In 1940, the bank that owned the building reconfigured the building, altering the original spacious apartments into smaller units. In 1987, it was converted to a cooperative by Martin J. Raynes; Raynes added two triplex penthouses with "greenhouse" studies, circular staircases and large terraces. The building stands at 132 feet (40 m) tall.

Answer: 970 Park Avenue is a 12-story building that stands 132 feet (40m) tall.


Instruction: For what was Luigi Giura reknowned known.

Context: Giura was the Inspector of the Corps of Bridges and Roads of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Giura is most famous for the design and construction of the second suspension bridge in Europe, the first in continental Europe, in 1832.

Answer:
Luigi Giura was an an Italian engineer and architected who lived from 1795 to 1865 and was famous for the design and construction of the second suspension bridge in Europe, which was the first suspension bridge within continental Europe.

Giura was born in Masschito, a small town within the Vulture-Melfi geographical region within the Basilicata administrative region in Southern Italy.  He later was an inaugural student of the School of Bridges and Roads.  After his graduation in 1814, he was admitted to the Corps of Bridges and Roads.  During his time with the Corps of Bridges and Roads, he was able to undertake a series of study tours in Britain and France within which he became familiarized with their new perspectives and industrial developments.

The Corps of Bridges and Roads completed many projects while Giura was engaged, including channels for the flow of water in critical mountain areas.  However, Luigi Guira is most famous for his suspension bridge designs including the Bridge Real Ferdinando sul Garigliano--the first suspension bridge in continental Europe-- and the  Maria Cristina Bridge on the River Calore.  He later returned as the director of the School of Bridges and Roads in 1860 and was sought as a public advisor to regional governments within Italy.


Instruction: Given a reference text about NATO, when did Finland become a member?

Context: The Republic of Finland has been a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) since 4 April 2023. Finland had formal relations with NATO since 1994, when it joined the Partnership for Peace program, and has been a member of the European Union (EU), which largely overlaps with NATO in membership, since 1995.

Answer: April 4, 2023


Instruction: Given these paragraphs about Asperger syndrome, what disorder has it merged into?

Context:
Asperger syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger's, is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour and interests. The syndrome is no longer recognised as a diagnosis in itself, having been merged with other conditions into autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It was considered to differ from other diagnoses that were merged into ASD by relatively unimpaired spoken language and intelligence.

The syndrome was named after the Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger, who, in 1944, described children in his care who struggled to form friendships, did not understand others' gestures or feelings, engaged in one-sided conversations about their favourite interests, and were clumsy. In 1994, the diagnosis of Asperger's was included in the fourth edition (DSM-IV) of the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; however, with the publication of DSM-5 in 2013 the syndrome was removed, and the symptoms are now included within autism spectrum disorder along with classic autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). It was similarly merged into autism spectrum disorder in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) as of 2021.

The exact cause of Asperger's is poorly understood. While it has high heritability, the underlying genetics have not been determined conclusively. Environmental factors are also believed to play a role. Brain imaging has not identified a common underlying condition. There is no single treatment, and the UK's National Health Service (NHS) guidelines suggest that 'treatment' of any form of autism should not be a goal, since autism is not 'a disease that can be removed or cured'. According to the Royal College of Psychiatrists, while co-occurring conditions might require treatment, 'management of autism itself is chiefly about the provision of the education, training and social support/care required to improve the person's ability to function in the everyday world'. The effectiveness of particular interventions for autism is supported by only limited data. Interventions may include social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy, parent training, and medications for associated problems, such as mood or anxiety. Autistic characteristics tend to become less obvious in adulthood, but social and communication difficulties usually persist.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asperger_syndrome

Answer: It has been merged with other conditions into autism spectrum disorder (ASD)


Instruction: Who is the lead singer of Limp Bizkit?

Answer: Fred Durst is the leader singer of nu-metal rap band, Limp Bizkit.


Instruction: Classify as a technical book vs Non technical book

Answer:
Solution Architecture with AWS - Technical
Quantum Physics made me do it - Technical
The only survivors - Fiction
Camp Zero - Sci - Fi


Instruction: Where do black walnut trees grow?

Context: Juglans nigra, the eastern American black walnut, is a species of deciduous tree in the walnut family, Juglandaceae, native to North America. It grows mostly in riparian zones, from southern Ontario, west to southeast South Dakota, south to Georgia, northern Florida and southwest to central Texas. Wild trees in the upper Ottawa Valley may be an isolated native population or may have derived from planted trees.

Answer: North America from southern Ontario, west to southeast South Dakota, south to Georgia, northern Florida and southwest to central Texas.


Instruction: If McDonald’s were to go out of business and disappear, would the world be a better or worse place?

Answer:
McDonald’s has more than 36 thousand locations in 190 countries, and people still cannot believe that McDonald's would soon put a period to the honorable accomplishment they did in the last several years making 4.73 billion dollars in a year as a whole. I do believe McDonald’s disappearance would have some difference in some communities in the short term since there are 210,000 people working at McDonald’s. And also, it can have environmental, and medical benefits that can make the world a better place.
    The world is hugely affected by McDonald’s action, which makes the disappearance of McDonald’s could make the world a better place although it could have some negative influence on equality and education. Although McDonald's helps organizations that help people who lack education, suffer in poverty, or fight against discrimination, the positive impact of McDonald’s departure makes the world a better place. For example, since McDonald’s cut down the forest to build a cow farm, it can cause deforestation that is threatening the ecosystem and animal habitats. In addition, McDonald’s produces 2 million tons of packaging each year. This means that the retirement of McDonald’s could prevent habitat loss, deforestation, and even waste problems and have a huge, positive impact on the environment.
    However, the change in McDonald's retirement causes would vary between different stakeholders, but overall, it would only have a mild, or little difference between people’s lives. Although McDonald’s disappearance might shock many people, after a short term, the other fast-food restaurants would replace McDonald’s, so fast-food lovers could adapt to the new environment. Furthermore, although 210,000 people could lose their job, it is still possible for them to change to another job, or have an opportunity to change into another job that they have an interest in. Therefore, McDonald’s disappearance could have little or no difference at all to some people, and withdraw from all the honorable accomplishments.
    In conclusion, I think that the disappearance of McDonald’s can make the world a better place for environmental, and medical reasons although it could have negative effects in some communities, and that McDonald’s would not be forgotten by the joy and honorable achievements that they have achieved in the last few years.


Instruction: classify the following as outfits vs appliances: dress, shoes, toaster, jackets, fridge, air fryer, instant pot, vest, gloves, pants, jeans

Answer:
outfits: dress, shoes, jackets, vest, gloves, pants, jeans
appliances: toaster, fridge, air fryer, instant pot


Instruction: How do you clear a scuba mask underwater ?

Answer:
If your scuba mask fills with water while you are submerged, you can clear the water by following this simple process.

1) Inhale through your mouth
2) Push the top front edge of the mask towards your face, or lightly lift the lower section from your face
3) Exhale through your nose.

By reducing the pressure on the lower portion of the mask, and exhaling through your nose, the air added to the mask will force the water out of the bottom seal.


Instruction: List the best-known types of Intellectual property. List the results in comma separated format.

Context:
Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. There are many types of intellectual property, and some countries recognize more than others. The best-known types are patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. The modern concept of intellectual property developed in England in the 17th and 18th centuries. The term "intellectual property" began to be used in the 19th century, though it was not until the late 20th century that intellectual property became commonplace in most of the world's legal systems.

The main purpose of intellectual property law is to encourage the creation of a wide variety of intellectual goods. To achieve this, the law gives people and businesses property rights to the information and intellectual goods they create, usually for a limited period of time. This gives economic incentive for their creation, because it allows people to benefit from the information and intellectual goods they create, and allows them to protect their ideas and prevent copying. These economic incentives are expected to stimulate innovation and contribute to the technological progress of countries, which depends on the extent of protection granted to innovators.

The intangible nature of intellectual property presents difficulties when compared with traditional property like land or goods. Unlike traditional property, intellectual property is "indivisible", since an unlimited number of people can "consume" an intellectual good without its being depleted.Additionally, investments in intellectual goods suffer from appropriation problems: Landowners can surround their land with a robust fence and hire armed guards to protect it, but producers of information or literature can usually do little to stop their first buyer from replicating it and selling it at a lower price. Balancing rights so that they are strong enough to encourage the creation of intellectual goods but not so strong that they prevent the goods' wide use is the primary focus of modern intellectual property law.

Answer: patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets


Instruction: Give me five data themed cocktail drinks.

Answer:
1 The Datatini - like a martini!
2. The Collaborative Collins - Like a Tom Collins but open sourced!
3. The Spicy Data-rita - A spicy take on a margarita with all the tequila you could want.
4. The ETL Long Island - Like all long islands, it's multi layered and nuanced. Like ETL, it uploads faster and cheaper.
5. The Large Language Models Mule - Very on-trend and always served cold.


Instruction: What are the main places of visit in Port Blair.

Context:
Tourism to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is increasing due to the popularity of beaches and adventure sports like snorkelling and sea-walking. Plans to develop various islands under NITI (National Institute of Transforming India) Aayog is also in progress. Luxury resorts with participation from the Government are set up to plan in Avis Island, Smith Island and Long Island.
In Port Blair, the main places to visit are the Cellular Jail, Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, Andaman Water sports complex, Chatham Saw Mill, Mini Zoo, Corbyn's cove, Chidiya Tapu, Wandoor Beach, Forest Museum, Anthropological Museum, Fisheries Museum, Naval Museum (Samudrika), Ross Island and North Bay Island. Viper Island which was earlier visited is now kept closed by the administration. Other places include Havelock island famous for Radhanagar Beach, Neil Island for Scuba diving/snorkeling/sea walking, Cinque Island, Saddle peak, Mt Harriet, and Mud Volcano. Diglipur, located at North Andaman is also getting popular in 2018 and many tourists have started visiting North Andaman as well. The southern group (Nicobar islands) is mostly inaccessible to tourists.
Indian tourists do not require a permit to visit the Andaman Islands, but if they wish to visit any tribal areas they need a special permit from the Deputy Commissioner in Port Blair. Permits are required for foreign nationals. For foreign nationals arriving by air, these are granted upon arrival at Port Blair.

Answer: In Port Blair, the main places to visit are the Cellular Jail, Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, Andaman Water sports complex, Chatham Saw Mill, Mini Zoo, Corbyn's cove, Chidiya Tapu, Wandoor Beach, Forest Museum, Anthropological Museum, Fisheries Museum, Naval Museum (Samudrika), Ross Island and North Bay Island.


Instruction: Please categorize these items as something a human can safely drink or something that a human should avoid drinking: engine oil, tea, coolant, beer, molten lava, sparkling water, pasteurized cow's milk, and laundry detergent.

Answer: The items that are safe to drink are tea, beer, sparkling water, and milk. It is not safe to drink engine oil, coolant, molten lava, and laundry detergent.


Instruction: What is a “knock knock joke”?

Answer:
It’s a joke with a specific format that requires interaction between two people. The person saying the joke begins with the phrase “knock knock” and the other person responds with “who’s there?” The person asking the joke then gives the setup, and the other person repeats back the setup verbatim and adds the word “who” at the end. The person asking the joke then delivers the punchline. An example of a knock knock joke is:
Knock knock
Who’s there?
Orange
Orange who?
Orange you glad I’m only doing one knock knock joke!?


Instruction: What makes someone beautiful?

Answer: It's often said that beauty is in the eye of the beholder.  What makes someone beautiful is subjective to whatever quality the individual or other party deems beautiful, attractive or desirable.  Most individuals are not a good judge of their own appearance or qualities.  According to the Austrian writer Kyle Krauss, the best way to be beautiful, is to stop worrying about being ugly.   The most attractive people are often confident and are usually not concerned with how others perceive their appearance.


Instruction: Who are the people named in the passage?

Context: Lauri Johannes Silván (born 13 March 1932) is a Finnish ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1952 Winter Olympics.

Answer: Lauri Johannes Silván


Instruction: List five words associated with sadness

Answer: Melancholy, upset, sulky, devastated and depressed are all associated with sadness.


Instruction: What is Photosynthesis?

Answer: Photosynthesis is a process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.


Instruction: give me a list of ways to cool down

Answer:
- drink a slushy
- take a cold shower
- dip in glacier water
- take your clothes off
- participate in a polar bear plunge
- stand very still
- take shelter under shade
- sit in front of a fan
- roll down the windows in a moving car


Instruction: Given this paragraph about Grumpy Cat, tell me the cat's real name.

Context: Tardar Sauce (April 4, 2012 – May 14, 2019), nicknamed Grumpy Cat, was an American Internet celebrity cat. She was known for her permanently "grumpy" facial appearance, which was caused by an underbite and feline dwarfism. She came to prominence when a photograph of her was posted on September 22, 2012, on social news website Reddit by Bryan Bundesen, the brother of her owner Tabatha Bundesen. "Lolcats" and parodies created from the photograph by Reddit users became popular. She was the subject of a popular Internet meme in which humorously negative, cynical images were made from photographs of her.

Answer: Grumpy Cat was actually a nickname for the famous internet celebrity meme cat. Her real name was Tardar Sauce.


Instruction: How many goals did Archie Thompson's team mates score?

Context: On 11 April 2001, the Australian and American Samoan national association football teams played each other in an Oceanian qualifying match for the 2002 FIFA World Cup. The match was played at the International Sports Stadium in Coffs Harbour, Australia. Australia set a world record for the largest victory in an international football match, winning the game 31–0. Australia's Archie Thompson also broke the record for most goals scored by a player in an international match by scoring 13 goals. David Zdrilic, the scorer of eight goals in the match, scored the second-highest number of goals in an international match since World War I.

Answer: Since Archie Thompson scored 13 goals, his teammates scored 18 goals


Instruction: Tell me whether these are examples of twentieth-century architecture and design: modernism, art deco, art nouveau, post-modernism, victorian

Answer: Modernism, post-modernism, art nouveau, victorian and art deco are all examples of twentieth-century architecture and design. Art nouveau and victorian can also be considered to be examples of nineteenth-century architecture and design, as art nouveau began circa 1890 and ended circa 1910, while victorian began circa 1837 and ended circa 1901, coinciding with the reign of Queen Victoria of Great Britain.


Instruction: What kind of species is the Linopyrga primitractus

Answer: Linopyrga primitractus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.


Instruction: Given this paragraph about speed limits, what was first law regulating speed limits in UK, when was it enacted and what speed limits it set.

Context: The use of speed limits predates both motorized vehicles, and enforcement of the laws. Facing the invention of the automobile, many nations enacted speed limit laws, and appropriate measures to enforce them. The Locomotive Acts in the UK set speed limits for vehicles, and later codified enforcement methods. The first Locomotive Act, passed in 1861, set a speed limit of 10 miles per hour (16 km/h) in uninhabited areas, and 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h) within towns. This act also included the value of fines for violations of the law.

Answer: The first speed limit law in UK was called Locomotive Act, passed in 1861, set a speed limit of 10 miles per hour (16 km/h) in uninhabited areas, and 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h) within towns.


Instruction: What are the solar system planets?

Answer:
Solar system planets:

- Mercury
- Venus
- Earth
- Mars
- Jupiter
- Saturn
- Uranus
- Neptune


Instruction: In Africa, were cattle domesticated before or after agriculture?

Context:
The domestication of cattle in Africa preceded agriculture and seems to have existed alongside hunter-gatherer cultures. It is speculated that by 6000 BCE, cattle were domesticated in North Africa. In the Sahara-Nile complex, people domesticated many animals, including the donkey and a small screw-horned goat which was common from Algeria to Nubia.
Between 10,000 and 9,000 BCE, pottery was independently invented in the region of Mali in the savannah of West Africa.
In the steppes and savannahs of the Sahara and Sahel in Northern West Africa, people possibly ancestral to modern Nilo-Saharan and Mandé cultures started to collect wild millet, around 8000 to 6000 BCE. Later, gourds, watermelons, castor beans, and cotton were also collected. Sorghum was first domesticated in Eastern Sudan around 4000 BCE, in one of the earliest instances of agriculture in human history. Its cultivation would gradually spread across Africa, before spreading to India around 2000 BCE.

Answer: In Africa, cattle were domesticated before agriculture.


Instruction: Classify the following celebrities as sports or acting personalities or both : Arnold Schwarzenegger, Brad Pitt, Kevin Durant, Shohei Ohtani, Harrison Ford, Dwayne Johnson, Jason Statham, Stephen Curry, Robin Williams, Scarlett Johansson, Tom Brady, Patrick Mahomes

Answer:
Many athletes are known to do cameos in movies and a have a couple of their own sports related movies. Ignoring those few roles, I would classify the celebrities mentioned as :

Actors who were not sports personalities include Brad Pitt, Harrison Ford, Robin Williams, Scarlett Johansson.

Sports personalities who have not taken up acting as a major career (yet) are :
Kevin Durant - Acted in Thunderstuck and other movies and documentaries, but not a mainstream actor.
Stephen Curry - Did a few cameos and documentaries.
Shohei Ohtani and Patrick Mahomes only appear in sports documentaries and  tv series.
Tom Brady had a major plot role in '80 for Brady' and cameos in other movies, but he is still largely a sports personality.

Actors with successful sports background are : Arnold Schwarzenegger (body building), Dwayne Johnson (Wrestling) and Jason Statham (Diving)


Instruction: What is the empire state building?

Answer: The empire state building is a building in Manhattan, New York.  It is 102 stories high and features an art-deco inner and outer appearance.  It was built in 1931 and is a steel framed skyscraper.  In 1931 it was considered the tallest building in the world until 1971.


Instruction: Which country is Laurens Willy Symons  from?

Context:
Laurens Willy Symons (born 28 August 2001) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a forward for the reserve team of Mechelen.

On 5 February 2018, Symons signed his first professional contract with Lokeren, having joined their youth academy in 2015. Symons made his professional debut for Lokeren in a 2–1 Belgian First Division A loss to Waasland-Beveren on 22 December 2018.

Answer: Belgium


Instruction: When did the Artificer class first appear in D&D

Context: The artificer is a playable character class in the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) fantasy role-playing game. The Artificer first appeared as a full class in the 3.5 edition of D&D and was introduced in the Eberron campaign setting. The artificer is a unique base class that reflects many of the core themes of Eberron.

Answer: The Artificer first appeared as a full class in the 3.5 edition of D&D and was introduced in the Eberron campaign setting.


Instruction: I'm considering buying a bicycle. How do I know which one I should buy?

Answer: It depends on how you want to use the bike and how much budget you have. If you just need one for commute, consider an electric bike if you want to go for a long distance with little effort, or a folding bike if you need to carry it with your car or onto public transportation. Or if you want to buy one for sports, consider a road bike for road cycling, or a mountain bike for tail cycling. A sport bike's price can range from $100s to $1000s. Higher-end bikes usually comes with better material like carbon-fiber or Titanium alloy, which are light-weighted and at the same time sturdy. There are also different types of gear switch and breaks, that can affect the price. Finally, bikes come with different sizes of frame and wheels, you need to find one that fits your body height. Go to a local bike shop and talk to a sales agent to find a bike that best fit your need.


Instruction: What can a person do in Virtual Reality?

Context:
"Virtual reality (VR) is a simulated experience that employs pose tracking and 3D near-eye displays to give the user an immersive feel of a virtual world. Applications of virtual reality include entertainment (particularly video games), education (such as medical or military training) and business (such as virtual meetings). Other distinct types of VR-style technology include augmented reality and mixed reality, sometimes referred to as extended reality or XR, although definitions are currently changing due to the nascence of the industry.

Currently, standard virtual reality systems use either virtual reality headsets or multi-projected environments to generate some realistic images, sounds and other sensations that simulate a user's physical presence in a virtual environment. A person using virtual reality equipment is able to look around the artificial world, move around in it, and interact with virtual features or items. The effect is commonly created by VR headsets consisting of a head-mounted display with a small screen in front of the eyes, but can also be created through specially designed rooms with multiple large screens. Virtual reality typically incorporates auditory a"

Answer: A person using virtual reality equipment is able to look around the artificial world, move around in it, and interact with virtual features or items.


Instruction: What is the most famous landmark in Cologne?

Answer: The most famous landmark in Cologne is the Cologne Cathedral. The construction of the cathedral started in 1248 and was finished in 1880. The cathedral is famous for its gothic architecture. It is located in the center of the city of Cologne. More than 20.000 tourists visit the cathedral every day.


Instruction: Given this paragraph about magnesium, how is magnesium obtained?

Context: Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray metal having a low density, low melting point and high chemical reactivity. Like the other alkaline earth metals (group 2 of the periodic table) it occurs naturally only in combination with other elements and it almost always has an oxidation state of +2. It reacts readily with air to form a thin passivation coating of magnesium oxide that inhibits further corrosion of the metal. The free metal burns with a brilliant-white light. The metal is obtained mainly by electrolysis of magnesium salts obtained from brine. It is less dense than aluminium and is used primarily as a component in strong and lightweight alloys that contain aluminium.

Answer: Magnesium is mainly obtained by electrolysis of magnesium salts obtained from brine.


Instruction: What is the least common birthday in the United States?

Context: In the United States between 1973 and 1999, September 16 is the most common birthday in the United States and December 25 the least common birthday (other than February 29, because of leap years). In 2011, October 5 and 6 were reported as the most frequently occurring birthdays.

Answer: The least common birthday in the United States between 1973 and 1999 was February 29 because of leap years.


Instruction: Tell me which of the following objects are shaped like spheres: beach ball, banana, pencil, marble, credit card.

Answer: Objects shaped like spheres include: beach ball and marble.


Instruction: Given the following paragraph on siliceous ooze, how are oozes defined?

Context: Siliceous ooze is a type of biogenic pelagic sediment located on the deep ocean floor. Siliceous oozes are the least common of the deep sea sediments, and make up approximately 15% of the ocean floor. Oozes are defined as sediments which contain at least 30% skeletal remains of pelagic microorganisms. Siliceous oozes are largely composed of the silica based skeletons of microscopic marine organisms such as diatoms and radiolarians. Other components of siliceous oozes near continental margins may include terrestrially derived silica particles and sponge spicules. Siliceous oozes are composed of skeletons made from opal silica Si(O2), as opposed to calcareous oozes, which are made from skeletons of calcium carbonate organisms (i.e. coccolithophores). Silica (Si) is a bioessential element and is efficiently recycled in the marine environment through the silica cycle. Distance from land masses, water depth and ocean fertility are all factors that affect the opal silica content in seawater and the presence of siliceous oozes.

Answer: Oozes are defined as sediments which contain at least 30 percent skeletal remains of pelagic microorganisms.


Instruction: Where is Mount Everest located ?

Context: Mount Everest is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The China–Nepal border runs across its summit point. Its elevation of 8,848.86 m was most recently established in 2020 by the Chinese and Nepali authorities.

Answer: Mount Everest is located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. It is bordered by China and Nepal which runs across its summit points.


Instruction: Tell me three key things to do to drive a car faster on a track

Answer:
Driving a car on a track can be an exhilarating experience, but there a few rules to keep in mind.  Here are three key things to remember:
1. Eyes up - Many drivers have a tendency to look directly at the end of the hood or at the next cone or apex.  Keep your eyes up and to be able to assess where you want to go.
2. Look where you want to go - Your hands on the steering wheel follow your eyes, so look where you want to go, not what you want to avoid or navigate.  For example. you should be looking at the exit of a turn as you enter the turn (or the apex if it's a wide turn)
3. Slow in, fast out - Cornering can be particularly tricky, because we tend to turn in too fast and too early, which can set up for a slow exit.  Brake hard, take it slow, and wait to turn into a corner to best position you and the car to accelerate swiftly out of the turn.


Instruction: What are some adventurous activities we could do during a bachelors party?

Answer: Adventurous activities to do on a bachelors party include mountain biking, sky diving, canyoning, rafting, bungee jumping, laser tag, archery, and paintball.


Instruction: Will being fully autonomous change the future of car design ?

Answer: If cars reach a stage of full autonomy and no longer need input to drive from a human, this can radically change the interior and exterior of a car. There might not be a need for a driver cockpit and the steering console can be completely removed and potentially all seats could be inward facing to maximize human interaction. All windows can be removed and replaced with tablets. Removing glass windows and replacing it with a more protective alloy shell,  also means potentially increasing the safety of the passengers. Size and shape of the vehicles will also change as they can become containerized, where multiple vehicles can interact with each other and lock in and out, much like how trains work.


Instruction: How can I improve my sleep?

Answer:
There are a number of variables that can help you improve your sleep.  It is important to try different recommendations and see which ones will have the biggest impact for you.  Sleep is the foundation of our mental and physical health and performance in all endeavors.

1) View sunlight by going outside within 30-60 minutes of waking. Do that again in the late afternoon, prior to sunset. If you wake up before the sun is out and you want to be awake, turn on artificial lights and then go outside once the sun rises.
On bright cloudless days: view morning and afternoon sun for 10 min; cloudy days: 20 min; very overcast days 30-60 min. If you live someplace with very minimal light, consider an artificial daytime simulator source.
Don’t wear sunglasses for this practice if you safely can, but contact lenses and eyeglasses are fine.
No, you don’t have to look directly at the sun, and never look at ANY light so bright it is painful to view! That said, you can’t wear a brimmed hat, sunglasses and remain in the shade and expect to “wake up” your circadian clock.

2) Wake up at the same time each day and go to sleep when you first start to feel sleepy. Pushing through the sleepy late evening feeling and going to sleep too late is one reason people wake at 3 am and can’t fall back asleep.

3) Avoid caffeine within 8-10 hours of bedtime.

4) Avoid viewing bright lights—especially bright overhead lights between 10 pm and 4 am. Here is a simple rule: only use as much artificial lighting as is necessary for you to remain and move about safely at night. Blue blockers can help a bit at night but still dim the lights. Viewing bright lights of all colors are a problem for your circadian system. Candlelight and moonlight are fine.

5) Limit daytime naps to less than 90 min, or don’t nap at all.

6) If you wake up in the middle of the night (which, by the way, is normal to do once or so each night) but you can’t fall back asleep, consider doing an NSDR protocol when you wake up.

7) Keep the room you sleep in cool and dark and layer on blankets that you can remove.
Your body needs to drop in temperature by 1-3 degrees to fall and stay asleep effectively. Body temperature increases are one reason you wake up. Thus, keep your room cool and remove blankets as needed. If it’s too hot you would have to use a cooling device and that’s harder than simply tossing off blankets if you get too warm.

8) Drinking alcohol messes up your sleep. As do most sleep medications.

9) Kids have changing sleep needs over time. Adjust accordingly.
Teens might be night owls at 15 but become “morning people” as they age or need 6 hours a night in summer and 7-8 in winter. It will vary.


Instruction: Classify these objects as edible or inedible: pizza, slipper, cake, banana, biscuit, shoe, pencil, chalk, soda, juice, television, computer, mirror, cereal, rice

Answer:
These items are edible: pizza, cake, banana, biscuit, soda, cereal, rice
These items are inedible: slipper, shoe, pencil, chalk, television, computer, mirror


Instruction: Classify each of the following as either a dog breed or a cat breed: Himalayan, snowshoe, Norwegian Forest, American Eskimo, keeshond, Persian, Jack Russell terrier

Answer:
Dog breed: American Eskimo, keeshond, Jack Russell terrier
Cat breed: Himalayan, snowshoe, Norwegian Forest, Persian


Instruction: What is a quantum computer?

Answer:
A quantum computer is a computer that exploits quantum mechanical phenomena. At small scales, physical matter exhibits properties of both particles and waves, and quantum computing leverages this behavior using specialized hardware. Classical physics cannot explain the operation of these quantum devices, and a scalable quantum computer could perform some calculations exponentially faster than any modern "classical" computer. In particular, a large-scale quantum computer could break widely used encryption schemes and aid physicists in performing physical simulations; however, the current state of the art is still largely experimental and impractical.

The basic unit of information in quantum computing is the qubit, similar to the bit in traditional digital electronics. Unlike a classical bit, a qubit can exist in a superposition of its two "basis" states, which loosely means that it is in both states simultaneously. When measuring a qubit, the result is a probabilistic output of a classical bit. If a quantum computer manipulates the qubit in a particular way, wave interference effects can amplify the desired measurement results. The design of quantum algorithms involves creating procedures that allow a quantum computer to perform calculations efficiently.

Physically engineering high-quality qubits has proven challenging. If a physical qubit is not sufficiently isolated from its environment, it suffers from quantum decoherence, introducing noise into calculations. National governments have invested heavily in experimental research that aims to develop scalable qubits with longer coherence times and lower error rates. Two of the most promising technologies are superconductors (which isolate an electrical current by eliminating electrical resistance) and ion traps (which confine a single atomic particle using electromagnetic fields).

Any computational problem that can be solved by a classical computer can also be solved by a quantum computer. Conversely, any problem that can be solved by a quantum computer can also be solved by a classical computer, at least in principle given enough time. In other words, quantum computers obey the Church–Turing thesis. This means that while quantum computers provide no additional advantages over classical computers in terms of computability, quantum algorithms for certain problems have significantly lower time complexities than corresponding known classical algorithms. Notably, quantum computers are believed to be able to solve certain problems quickly that no classical computer could solve in any feasible amount of time—a feat known as "quantum supremacy." The study of the computational complexity of problems with respect to quantum computers is known as quantum complexity theory.


Instruction: What is a tardigrade?

Answer: A tardigrade, also called a water bear, is a microscopic animal with 8 legs. They can survive in a diverse range of conditions including outer space!


Instruction: List me some details regarding carreer of lawyer Harry L. Shorstein

Context: Harry L. Shorstein (born August 3, 1940) is an American lawyer who served as State Attorney for Florida's Fourth Judicial Circuit Court, covering Duval, Clay and Nassau counties, from 1991–2008. A member of the Democratic Party, he was appointed to the post in 1991 by Governor Lawton Chiles to fill the remaining term of Ed Austin, who resigned to successfully run for mayor of Jacksonville. He was elected to a full term in 1992, re-elected in 1996, and ran unopposed in 2000 and 2004. At a February 6, 2007 news conference, the 66-year-old lawyer announced that he would not run for re-election in 2008. He subsequently returned to private practice, and was succeeded as State Attorney by Angela Corey.

Answer:
1. From 1991 to 2008, Harry L. Shorstein, an American attorney who was born on August 3, 1940, served as State Attorney for Florida's Fourth Judicial Circuit Court, which includes Duval, Clay, and Nassau counties.
2. A Democrat, he was chosen by Governor Lawton Chiles to serve Ed Austin's unexpired term after the latter resigned to run successfully for mayor of Jacksonville.
3. He won re-election to a full term in 1992, was unchallenged in 2000 and 2004 and was re-elected in 1996.
4. The 66-year-old attorney declared he would not seek re-election in 2008 at a news conference on February 6, 2007.
5. He later went back to private practice, and Angela Corey took over as state attorney.